Karm Vignan Part 01

Author(s): Devendramuni
Publisher: Tarak Guru Jain Granthalay
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004242/1

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upAcArya devendra muni kumabhavajJAna For Personal & Private Use Only

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2. bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra kA udAtta cintana/evaM tatva darzana jIva mAtra ke abhyudaya evaM niHzreyasa kA mArga prazasta karatA hai| yahI vaha parama patha hai, jisa para calakara mAnava zAnti aura sukha kI prApti kara sakatA hai| varSoM se merI bhAvanA thI ki bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita adhyAtma evaM tatvacintana ko sarala zailI meM prAmANika dRSTi se jana-jana ke samakSa prastuta kiyA jaay| apane uttarAdhikArI vidvAna cintaka upAcArya devendramuni jI ke samakSa maiMne apanI bhAvanA vyakta kI, taba unhoMne merI bhAvanA ko bar3I zraddhA aura prasannatA ke sAtha grahaNa kiyA. zIgha hI Apane jaina nItizAstra, appA so paramappA, saddhA parama dullahA, jaise gaMbhIra viSayoM para bahuta suMdara sarasa sAhitya praNayana karake merI antara bhAvanA ko sAkAra kiyA, mujhe bar3I prasannatA huii| ___aba Apane karmavijJAna nAmaka mahatvapUrNa grantha kA sRjana kara jaina sAhityazrI ko zrRMgArita kiyA hai| karmavAda jaise gahana aura atIva vyApaka viSaya para itanA sundara, Agamika tathA vaijJAnikadRSTi se yuktipurassara vivecana una sabake lie upayogI hogA jo AtmA evaM paramAtmA; baMdhana evaM mukti tathA karma aura akarma kI gutthiyAM sulajhAnA cAhate haiN| maine isa grantha ke kucha mukhya-mukhya aMza sune, bahuta sundara lge| mujhe vizvAsa hai, upAcArya zrI devendramuni jI kA yaha vidvattApUrNa grantha jaina sAhitya kI eka mUlyavAna maNi siddha hogii| -AcArya AnandaRSi For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma vijJAna karma siddhAnta para sarvAMgINa vivecana 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma - vijJAna (prathama bhAga ) ( karma siddhAnta para sarvAMgINa vivecana ) 000 upAcArya zrI devendra muni zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura For Personal & Private Use Only 100

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pUjya upAdhyAya gurudeva zrI puSkara munijI mahArAja kI 81vIM janma jayantI ke zubha avasara para prakAzita karma vijJAna (prathama bhAga ) upAcArya zrI devendra muni prathama AvRtti vi. saM. 2047, Azvina zuklA 14 3 akTUbara 1990 prakAzaka - prAptisthAna zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya udayapura zAstrI sarkala, pinaH 313001 (rAja.) mudraNa- prakAzana saMjaya surAnA ke dvArA kAmadhenu priMTarsa eMDa pablisarsa A-7, avAgar3ha hAUsa, ema. jI. roDa, AgarA 282002 mohana mudraNAlaya AgarA, phona - 72095 mUlya lAgata se alpa mUlya 50/ ru. mAtra (pacAsa rupayA sirpha ) / 4 For Personal & Private Use Only

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samarpaNa jinhoMne zraddhA evaM sAdhanA ke pratyakSa anubhavoM dvArA karma siddhAnta ko jana-jana kA zraddhAgamya bnaayaa| jaina karma-vijJAna ke gahana abhyAsI parama zraddheya gurudeva upAdhyAya zrI puSkaramuni jI ma. ko savinaya sAdara samarpita..... * devendramuni 81vI. janma-jayantI, sAdaDI / 0*0*0*0*0*0 For Personal & Private Use Only

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00000 "dharma aura karma" adhyAtma jagata ke do adbhuta zabda haiM, jina para caitanya jagata kI samasta kriyA / pratikriyA AdhArita hai| sAmAnyataH dharma manuSya ke mokSa / mukti kA pratIka hai aura karma baMdhana kA / bandhana aura mukti kA hI yaha samasta khela hai| prANI / karmabaddha AtmA, pravRtti karatA hai, karma meM pravRtta hotA hai, sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai, karma se mukta hone ke lie phira dharma kA AcaraNa karatA hai, mukti kI ora kadama bar3hAtA hai| prakAzakIya bola - 00000 = 0000= "karmavAda" kA viSaya bahuta gahana hai, tathApi karmabandhana se mukta hone ke lie jAnanA bhI parama Avazyaka hai| karma siddhAnta ko samajhe binA dharma hat yA mukti mArga ko nahIM samajhA jA sktaa| hameM parama prasannatA hai ki jaina jagata ke mahAna manISI, cintaka/lekhaka upAcArya zrI devendra muni jI mahArAja ne "karmavijJAna" nAma se yaha vizAla grantha likhakara adhyAtmavAdI janatA ke lie mahAna upakAra kiyA hai| yaha virAT grantha lagabhaga 1200 pRSTha kA hone se hamane do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| prathama bhAga meM karmavAda para dArzanika evaM vaijJAnika carcA hai tathA dUsare bhAga meM karma prakRti, karma ke bhedopa- bheda Adi para gaMbhIra vicAraNA ka gaI hai| prathama bhAga kA prakAzana pUjya gurudeva upAdhyAya zrI puSkara muni jI ma. kI 81 vI. janma jayaMtI ke prasaMga para kiyA jA rahA hai| isake prakAzana meM samAja ke yuvAnetA, suzrAvaka dAnavIra zrI je. DI. jaina ne udAratA pUrva artha sahayoga pradAna kara hameM utsAhita kiyA hai, hama unake AbhArI haiM sAtha hI zrImAn zrIcanda jI surAnA "sarasa" ne bar3I tatparatA ke sAtha isa sundara mudraNa va sAja-sajjA yukta prakAzana kara samaya para prastuta kiyA hama unheM hArdika dhanyavAda dete haiN| AzA hai, pAThaka isa grantha ke svAdhyAya se adhikAdhika lAbhAnvita hoNge| (c) cunnIlAla dharmAvata koSAdhyakSa zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya For Personal & Private Use Only

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prastAvanA do akSaroM kA karma zabda sAdhAraNa hote hue bhI apane andara bahuta hI asAdhAraNa artha sameTe hue hai / isa zabda kA prayoga sAmAnya jana to karate hI haiM, viziSTa vidvAna aura dArzanika bhI karate haiM, yahA~ taka ki dharmapracAraka, dharma-sudhAraka, dharmaguru aura tIrthakaroM Adi sabhI ne isa zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai aura apanI-apanI bhASA zailI meM isake vibhinna gUr3hatama rahasyoM ko jana-sAdhAraNa ke samakSa udghATita bhI kiyA hai| sAmAnya bolacAla kI bhASA meM manuSya kI sabhI pravRttiyoM - kriyAoM : ko karma kahA jA sakatA hai, jaise- ha~sanA, bolanA, calanA Adi kriyAe~ / kintu jyoM-jyoM gahare utareMge, karma ke prayoga kA kSetra vistRta hotA jAyegA / karma ke vibhinna artha vidvAnoM ne vibhinna apekSAoM se karma ke bhinna-bhinna artha batAye haiM / vyAkaraNAcAryoM ne kahA hai - jisa para karttA kI kriyA kA phala par3atA hai, athavA jo karttA ko prApta hotA hai vaha karma hai| sAmAnya bhASA meM, prANI kI pratyeka kriyA ko karma kahA jAtA hai, isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jIva saMpRkta zarIra dvArA jitanI bhI kriyAeM hotI haiM, ve sabhI karma haiN| lekina isameM eka apavAda hai ki zarIra kI jo sahaja kriyAe~ (moTorI ekTiviTIz2a - Mc: Cry activities) jaise- zvAsa lenA aura chor3anA, zarIra meM rakta paribhramaNa, phephar3oM kA spandana, hRdaya kI dhar3akana, bhojana kA pacana- pAcana- ye Ara aisI sabhI kriyAe~ karma meM parigaNita nahIM hotii| dharma, darzana sAdhanA ke kSetra meM apekSA, bhASA-zailI aura uddezya kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa kaI zabda ko vibhinna abhiprAyoM aura rUpoM meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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- pazcimI jagata meM karma zabda ko ekTiviTI (Activity) varka, DIDa (Work, deed) Adi zabdoM se abhivyakta kiyA jAtA hai / nItizAstra ke vidvAnoM ne bhI ina zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| vahA~ zubha karmoM ke lie meriTa (merif) aura azubha karmoM ke lie DImeriTa (demerit) athavA guDa (good deed) aura baiDa DIDa (bad deed) zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| zubha aura azubha karma isa apekSA se karma zubha bhI hote haiM aura azubha bhii| samasta saMsAra meM karmoM ke prati zubhatva aura azubhatva kI dhAraNA pracalita hai| yaha bAta alaga hai ki bhaugolika paristhitiyoM, dharma kI vicAraNAoM, dhAraNAoM, itihAsa kI paramparAoM tathA khAna-pAna, rahana-sahana Adi kI vibhinnatAoM ke kAraNa ina sabake zubha aura azubha ke mApadaNDa pRthaka-pRthaka ho gaye haiM / karma kI kAlikatA dArzanika jagata meM karma kI traikAlika sattA mAnya hai. jitane bhI Astika darzana hai, cAhe ve bhAratIya hoM, athavA pazcimI, jo AtmA kI sattA meM vizvAsa rakhate haiM, ve sabhI karma kI traikAlika sattA svIkAra karate haiN| bhAratIya darzanoM meM jaina, bauddha, vaidika aura anya eziyAyI darzanoM, kanphyUsiyasa, tAo, jhena tathA yUnAnI Adi sabhI darzana karma kI traikAlika sattA ke viSaya meM ekamata haiN| yahA~ taka ki muslima aura IsAI dharma-darzanoM kA bhI isa viSaya meM matabheda nahIM hai| bhArata kA cArvAk darzana aura pazcima kA epIkyUriyanijma hI aise darzana haiM jo karma aura usake phala ko vartamAna jIvana taka hI svIkAra karate haiN| kyoMki unakA mata haiM ki yaha vartamAna jIvana hI saba kucha hai, AtmA nAma kA koI svataMtra tattva nahIM hai, ataH pUrvajanma aura punarjanma haiM hI nahIM / jaba bhUtakAlIna jIvana aura bhaviSyakAlIna jIvana yAnI pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kA astitva hI nahIM hai, to karma kI traikAlikatA kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| inake atirikta sabhI dharma-darzana cAhe ve Izvara- kendrita hoM athavA Atma- kendrita, sabhI karma kI sattA ko athavA pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ko svIkAra karate haiM / isa bindu para sabhI darzana ekamata ho jAte haiM, kintu IzvarakartRtva Adi ke kAraNa unakI karma aura karmaphala bhoga kI vyAkhyAoM/ avadhAraNAoM meM parivartana A jAtA hai| vibhinna dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM karma karma kI kAlikatA svIkAra karane vAle aura IzvarakartRtvavAdI dArzanikoM ne Izvara ke aMza rUpa meM hI sahI, AtmA kA svataMtra astitva bhI For Personal & Private Use Only

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mAnA, isalie unhoMne pUrvajanma aura punarjanma (prI bartha eNDa ribartha-Pre birthandrebirth) ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra kiyA hai| ___ sAtha hI karma ko kisI ne AtmA para pUrvajanma ke jame saMskAra kahA to kisI ne 'adRSTa' aura kisI ne 'apUrva' isa prakAra vibhinna nAma diye| yaha bhI ghoSita kiyA ki zubha karmoM kA phala zubha milatA hai, aura azubha karmoM kA phala ashubh| pUrvabaddha karmoM-karma saMskAroM ko inhoMne prArabdha athavA bhAgya khaa| aMgrejI meM prArabdha athavA bhAgya ke lie laka (luck) aura pheTa (fate) zabda pracalita haiN| zubha athavA sukhakArI bhAgya ko guDa laka (good luck) athavA guDa pheTa (goodfate)kahA jAtA hai, tathA aise vyakti ko (fateful) athavA (lucky) aura azubha athavA duHkhI, daridra vyakti ko analakI (Unlucky) kahA jAtA hai| bhAratIya bhASAoM meM inheM puNyAtmA aura pApAtmA kahA jAtA hai, tathA zubha karma ko puNya aura azubha karma ko paap| bauddha dharma meM puNya aura pApa-karma ko kramazaH kuzala aura akuzala karma kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra sabhI dharma/darzanoM ne karmoM ke vibhinna nAma diye haiM lekina abhiprAya sabhI kA lagabhaga samAna hai| bhArata ke AstikavAdI darzanoM ne karma ko hI sukha-dukha aura janma-maraNa ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| yahA~ karma kA artha sirpha kriyA yA pravRtti nahIM rahakara, AtmA para jame saMskAra taka A gayA hai| jaina karma siddhAnta . . jaina darzana meM karma para viziSTa aura gaMbhIra cintana/manana huA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai-"kammaca jAI maraNassa mUla"-karma janma-maraNa kA mUla hai, aura karma kI utpatti kA kAraNa batAte hue kahA hai-"kammaca mohappabhava vayanti"-karma kI utpatti moha se hotI hai| . jaina dharma/darzana meM karma ke svarUpa/prakriyA Adi para bahuta hI vistRta vivecanA kI gaI hai, isake talachacaTa taka pahuMcA gayA hai| jIva kI sUkSmAtisUkSma gatividhiyoM kI karma-sandarbhita vyAkhyAeM kI gaI haiM aura AtmA kI mukti kA mArga bhI karmasiddhAnta ke AdhAra para pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| karma viSaya para-karmagrantha, kamma payaDIo, paMcasaMgraha, kasAya pAhuDa, mahAbandha, dhavalA Adi anekAneka vipula granthoM kI racanAeM huI haiN| isa prakAra jainakarmasiddhAnta eka viziSTavAda karmavAda hI bana gayA hai, aura vivecana kI vaijJAnikatA ne ise karmavijJAna ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kara diyaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jaina karmazAstra - vivecakoM ke anusAra karmoM kA vargIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai 1. jJAnAvaraNIya 2. darzanAvaraNIya 3. vedanIya 4. mohanIya 5. Ayu 6. nAma 7. gotra aura 8. antarAya karma / ina karmoM kA bandha kisa-kisa prakAra kI pravRttiyoM aura AtmabhAvoM se hotA hai ? kitane kAla taka ye AtmA se sambaddha rahate haiM ? kisa prakAra ye AtmA se pRthaka hote haiM Adi pUrI prakriyA kA bar3A hI sUkSma evaM tarkayukta vivecana jainazAstroM meM upalabdha hotA hai| karmoM ke ghAti- aghAti bheda, unake kArya Adi kI vivecanA bhI pAThaka ko aise jJAna se lAbhAnvita karatI hai ki vaha apane uddhAra ke lie prastuta hotA hai| jaina karmavAda kA uddezya jaina karmavAda athavA karmavijJAna kA uddezya karmabandhana aura usake kAraNoM ko jAnakara tathA baMdhana ko tor3akara AtmA ko sarvatantra svatantra aura mukta banAnA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zabdoM meM - "bujjhijja tiuTTijjA, baMdhaNa parijANiyA " mAnava mAtra ko bodha prApta karanA cAhie aura baMdhana (karmabandhana) ke svarUpa ko jAnakara use (pUrNarUpa se) tor3a denA caahie| prastuta pustaka prastuta pustaka likhane kA merA uddezya bhI yahI hai ki pAThaka karmoM ke svarUpa kA bhalI-bhA~ti yathArtha jJAna prApta kareM, karma evaM karmaphala ke viSaya meM phailI bhrAnta dhAraNAe~ dUra hoM / eka udAharaNa yatheSTa hogA sAdhAraNa vyakti aura yahA~ taka ki vidvAna aura jJAnI kahalAne vAle vyakti bhI kaha dete haiM- "jo kucha hotA hai, vaha karmodaya se hI hotA hai, karma kA udaya hI aisA thaa|" lekina jainakarmavijJAna ke anusAra yaha bahuta bar3I bhrAnti hai / sabhI kAma karmoM ke udaya se hI nahIM hote, kucha kArya aise hote haiM, jo karmoM ke kSaya, kSayopazama aura anudaya se bhI hote haiN| Atmonnati kI jitanI bhI kriyAeM haiM, ve karmoM ke kSaya, kSayopazama se hI hotI haiM / samyakva, virati Adi meM una-una karmoM kA kSayopazama hI nimitta hotA hai| 10 For Personal & Private Use Only

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isI prakAra aura bhI kitanI hI bhrAntiyA~ haiN| merA prayAsa yaha rahA hai ki pustaka ke paThana se isa prakAra kI sabhI bhrAntiyoM kA nirasana ho aura karmasiddhAnta kA saiddhAntika aura vyAvahArika samIcIna jJAna prApta ho| - isa pustaka ke lekhana meM maiMne tulanAtmaka aura samanvayAtmaka dRSTi rakhI hai| jaina karmavijJAna kI bhAratIya tathA bhAratetara aura vartamAna bhautika vijJAnoM ke sAtha tulanA bhI kI hai aura samanvaya kA bhI prayAsa kiyA hai| prastuta pustaka ko cAra khaMDoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai prathama khaMDa "karma kA astitva" meM vibhinna apekSAoM, dRSTiyoM aura prAcIna evaM Adhunika (pazcimI aura paurvAtya) pramANoM ke AdhAra para karma kA astitva siddha kiyA hai| yU~ "karma" sattA svayaM siddha hai kintu anubhava Adi pramANoM ke AdhAra para usakA vizvAsa dRr3ha-dRr3hatara karane kA prayAsa prathama-khaMDa meM hai| dvitIya khaMDa "karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana" meM karmavAda kI vikAsa yAtrA kA prAgaitihAsika kAla se vartamAnakAla taka kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI karmavAda ke virodhI vAdoM kA tarkapurassara pramANoM se nirasana bhI kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya khaMDa meM karma kA virATa svarUpa varNita hai| ghAti-aghAti, dravya-bhAva, karma-nokarma, sakAma- akAma-niSkAma karma Adi karmoM ke aneka prakAroM kA vivecana karake karma-zakti kA virATa svarUpa varNita huA hai| caturtha khaMDa meM karmavijJAna kI AdhyAtmika tathA vyAvahArika jIvana meM upayogitA, karmavAda evaM samAjavAda kI saMgati, karyakartA, karmaphalabhoktA, Adi viSayoM para vyApaka dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jahA~ taka saMbhava huA hai, maiMne pratyeka viSaya ko vistArapUrvaka pramANoM ke sAtha prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| saikar3oM granthoM, patra-patrikAoM tathA vaijJAnika khojoM ke AdhAra para karmavAda ko sirpha siddhAnta rUpa meM hI nahIM, apitu eka vijJAna evaM jIvana-zailI kA niyAmaka tattva mAnakara pratipAdita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| ... "karma" kA samyaga parijJAna prAptakara mAnava apane dhArmika, naitika evaM samagra sAmAjika jIvana ko Adarza banA sakatA hai, isa dRSTi se isa graMtha meM paryApta cintana kiyA hai| sarvaprathama maiM zramaNa saMgha ke adhyAtmanAyaka AcArya samrATa zrI Ananda RSi jI mahArAja kA smaraNa karatA hU~ ki jinake maMgalamaya AzIrvAda se hama apanI adhyAtma-sAdhanA meM yazasvI ho rahe haiM! For Personal & Private Use Only

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mere lekhana kArya meM parama AzIrvAda svarUpa pUjya gurudeva upAdhyAya zrI puSkara muni jI ma. kA AzIrvAda usI prakAra sahAyaka rahA hai, jisa prakAra jyoti ko prajvalita hone meM sneha (tela) / maiM gurudeva ke parama karuNA, vatsalatAmaya AzIrvAda kA cirakRtajJa rhuuNgaa| paramasnehI santa mAnasa manISI muni zrI nemIcaMda jI kA saujanyapUrNa sahayoga sadA utsAhavardhaka rahA hai| mere dvArA likhita nibaMdhoM ko unhoMne bar3I sUkSma dRSTi se saMzodhita/saMpAdita kara eka snehapUrNa samarpaNa tathA AtmIya bhAva kA paricaya diyA hai, jo cirasmaraNIya rhegaa| pratibhAmUrti jyeSTha bhaginI mahAsatI puSpavatI jI ma. kI satata sampreraNA ne mujhe karmavijJAna grantha ke lekhana meM gatizIla rakhA hai| unakA smaraNa bhI sahaja hI ho jAtA hai| ___ maiM sabhI sahayogI santoM, vidvAnoM, tathA jJAta-ajJAta lekhakoM Adi kA bhI AbhArI haiM, jinake sahayoga tathA svAdhyAya se maiM isa granya ko adhikAdhika rocaka, vyApaka aura prAmANika svarUpa pradAna kara skaa| ___anta meM maiM samAja ke agraNI yuvAnetA suzrAvaka zrIyuta je.DI. jaina evaM unakI viduSI dharmapatnI zrImatI vidyuta jaina kI sAMskRtika, sAhityika suruci kA abhinandana karatA hU~, jinhoMne svataH kI antara preraNA se isa grantha ke prakAzana meM vizeSa ruci prakaTa kii| unake sauhArda se yaha grantha jana-jana ke hAthoM meM zIghra pahu~ca skaa|........ upAcArya devendramuni mahAvIra bhavana saaddd'ii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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yuvAnetA suzrAvaka zrI je. DI. jaina (gAz2iyAbAda) jIvana-paricaya zvetAmbara sthAnaka vAsI jainasamAja ke yuvAnetA-dharmaniSTha dAnavIra evaM pratiSThita udyogapati zrI je. DI. jaina kA janma hariyANA prAnta ke jilA sonIpata meM rabhar3A grAma nivAsI dhArmika va sahRdaya pitA zrI manohara lAla jaina va mAtA zrImatI sukhadevI jaina ke gRha AMgana meM prathama janavarI 1940 ko huaa| ApakI prArambhika zikSA isI grAma meM huii| apanI Ayu se adhika pratibhA sampanna hone se prArambha se hI apanI kakSA meM prathama sthAna pAte rhe| tatpazcAta Apane hAyara sekeNDarI kI zikSA jaina hAyara sekeNDarI skUla, dariyAgaMja dillI se prathama zreNI meM urtINa kii| ApakI ucca zikSA lakhanaU meM huii| 1962 meM vahAM ke heviTa paoNlITeknIka se Apane sivila injIniyariMga kI parIkSA prathama zreNI meM urtINa kii| ucca zikSA kI samApti ke bAda Apa prathama do varSa miliTarI injIniyariMga meM sevArata rahakara deza sevA kii| inhIM do varSoM ke bIca 19 jUna 1963 meM zrI kazmIrIlAla jI jaina jI kI suputrI zrImatI indirA jaina se ApakA zubha pANigrahaNa sampanna huaa| 1964 meM Apane apanA nijI lohAudyoga, "jaina roliMga milsa" ke rUpa meM apane bar3e bhAI zrI omaprakAza 13 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jI jaina jI ke sAtha bar3I lagna utsAha aura ImAnadArI se prArambha kiyaa| ApakI pratibhA va lagna raMga lAI aura eka dina Apako 35 varSa kI alpAyu meM hI 1975 meM bhArata ke rASTrapati zrI bI. DI. jattI dvArA "selpha meDa inDasTrilisTa" "udyoga patra" se sammAnita kiyA gyaa| san 1986 meM ApakI dharmapatnI zrImatI indirA jaina kA svargavAsa ho gyaa| tatpazcAta samAja kI bhAvanA kA Adara karate hue Apane viduSI DA. vidyuta jaina ke sAtha Ardaza vivAha kiyaa| Apane na kevala audyogika kSetra meM hI apanI pratibhA dikhAI, balki sAmAjika, dhArmika, pArivArika Adi kSetroM meM apane namratA, zAlInatA, dAnazIlatA Adi guNoM ke kAraNa vibhinna padoM para raha kara samAja, dharma, deza va udyoga kI avismaraNIya sevAeM kii| Apa a. bhA. zve. sthA. jaina kAnphreMsa ke upAdhyakSa haiN| tathA bIsoM saMsthAoM ke adhyakSa, saMrakSaka Adi haiN| isa taraha Apa samAja sevA deza sevA karate huye va apane nijI vyApAra kI ati vyastatA ke bAda bhI vRddhajana, munizramaNI janoM kI vaiyAvRtya va atithi- sevA meM saMlagna rahate haiN| dAna, dharma, vinaya Apake vyaktitva ke viziSTa guNa haiN| samAja evaM vyApAra udyoga kSetra meM ati vyasta rahate hue bhI Apa pratidina prAtaH eka sAmAyika karate haiN| tathA rAtri bhojana kA bhI niyama rakhate haiM jo sabhI kAryakartAo ke lie Adarza hai| Apane aneka dhArmika saMsthAoM kI nIMva rakhI hai, jaise 1. zrI jaina sthAnaka, zahAdarA, dillI / 2. zrI jaina sthAnaka, lakSmInagara, dillI / 3. zrI jaina sthAnaka, bar3odA, (hariyANA) 4. zrI jaina sthAnaka, gAjiyAbAda / 5. jaina sAdhvI padmA vidyAniketana, zAstrI pArka, dillI / Adi dhArmika evaM sevAbhAvI saMsthAoM kA zilAnyAsa kara Apa sevA, zikSAprema Adi sadguNoM kA samaya-samaya para paricaya dete rahate haiN| Apa sabhI jaina sampradAyoM ke paraspara matabheda ko samApta kara use bhagavAna mahAvIra ke Azraya meM eka hI pleTa phArma para lAkara samAja va deza ko sudRr3ha banAne meM saMlagna hai| Apake do suputra haiM : yazadeva jaina tathA harSavardhana jaina / hama AzA karate haiM ki Ardaza pitA ke Adarza guNa putroM meM bhI jIvanta hote raheMge aura ve bhI samAja evaM rASTra kI sevA meM agrasara hogeM / * zubhAzA 14 For Personal & Private Use Only

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sevAzIla viduSI DA. vidyuta jaina (ema. e. ema. eDa. pI. eca. DI) jIvana paricaya suzrI DA. (zrImati) vidyuta jaina kA janma bhArata bhUmi kI svatantratA ke prathama divasa hI 15 agasta 1947 ko jilA eTA uttara pradeza meM eka sampanna, dhArmika va sambhrAnta parivAra meM huaa| Apake pitA zrI indraratana jaina eka dhArmika, dAnazIla va apane kSetra ke pratiSThita va Adarza puruSa haiN| samAja netA zrImAna je. DI. jaina kI Apa dharma patnI DA. vidyuta jaina apane samAja kI eka suzikSita va sulajhe vicAra vAlI mahilA haiN| Apane hindI va manovijJAna meM ema. e. kara ema. eDa. kI DigrI hAsila kii| apane pati ke pUrNa sahayoga va preraNA se unhoMne manovijJAna jaise kaThina aura rocaka viSaya meM DAkTareTa kI upAdhi prApta kii| ApakA zodha kArya anusUcita jAti va pichar3e varga ke utthAna ke lie eka mArga darzana hai| Apa mahilA varga ke vikAsa hetu sadaiva eka preraNA kA srota rahI hai| __Apa gRhastha jIvana meM pUrNa saphalatA ke sAtha aneka sAmAjika, dhArmika va rAjanaitika kAryoM meM pUrNa ruci letI haiN| Apa vartamAna meM akhila 15 For Personal & Private Use Only

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bhAratIya zve. sthA. jaina kAMphresa (mahilA) kI upAdhyakSA haiN| tathA aneka saMsthAoM ke vibhinna padoM se sambandhita haiN| Apa apane pati ke dhArmika AdarzoM ke pAlana meM tathA samAja-sevA, dAna, santa-satiyoM kI sevA, vaiyAvRtya, sAhitya prakAzana meM udAramana se sahayoga karatI haiM tathA nitya prati sAmAyika, rAtri-bhojana tyAga Adi dharma kI sakriya ArAdhanA karatI huI jIvana ko Adarza banAye hue haiN| tattvArtha sUtra para Apa eka sundara vyAkhyA likha rahI haiN| samAja kI yaha Adarza yugala jor3I rASTra evaM samAja kI sevA meM satata yazasvI bane yahI zubha kAmanA hai|| * zubhecchuka zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura 3888888888888888885345303083 For Personal & Private Use Only

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viSayAnukrama 1 karma kA astittva prathama khaNDa : 1. AtmA kA astittva : karma astittva kA paricAyaka 2. jahA~ karma, vahA~ saMsAra 3. karma-astittva ke mUlAdhAra: pUrvajanma aura punarjanma - 1 4. karma-astittva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma - 2 5. parAmanovaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi meM punarjanma aura karma 6. pretAtmAoM kA sAkSAt aura samparka: punarjanma kA sAkSI 7. karma - astittva kA mukhya kAraNa : jagatvaicitrya 8. vilakSaNatAoM kA mUla kAraNa : karmabandha 9. karma kA astittva vibhinna pramANoM se siddha 10. karma kA astittva kaba se aura kaba taka ? 11. karma - astittva ke prati anAsthA anucita dvitIya khaNDa 1. adhyAtma zaktiyoM ke vikAsa kA utpreraka : karmavAda 2. vibhinna karmavAdiyoM kI samIkSA : 3. karmavAda kA AvirbhAva cAra puruSArthoM ke sandarbha meM 2 karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana * pRSTha 1 se 206 (17) For Personal & Private Use Only 3 35 49 61 90 101 116 139 158 167 183 pRSTha 207 se 352 209 214 233

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4. karmavAda kA tirobhAva-AvirbhAva : kyoM aura kaba ? - 5. karmavAda ke samutthAna kI aitihAsika samIkSA . 6. karmazAstroM dvArA karmavAda kA adhyAtmamUlaka sarvakSetrIya vikAsa 7. karmavAda para prahAra aura parihAra 8. karmavAda ke astittva-virodhI vAda-1 9. karmavAda ke astittva-virodhI vAda-2 10. paMcakAraNavAdoM kI samIkSA aura samanvaya 285 295 . | karma kA virAT svarUpa | pRSTha 353-620 367 386 406 454 tRtIya khaNDa 1. karma-zabda ke vibhinna artha evaM rUpa 2. karma ke do rUpa : dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma 3. karma : saMskArarUpa bhI pudgalarUpa bhI 4. karma kA parataMtrIkAraka svarUpa 5. kyA karma mahAzaktirUpa hai ? 6. karma mUrtarUpa yA amUrta AtmaguNarUpa? . 7. karma kA prakriyAtmaka svarUpa 8. karma aura nokarma : lakSaNa, kArya aura antara 9. karmoM ke karma, vikarma aura akarma rUpa 10. karma kA zubha aura azubha rUpa 11. sakAma aura niSkAma karma : eka vizleSaNa 12. karmoM ke do kula : ghAtikula aura aghAtikula 13. karma ke kAlakRta trividha rUpa 14. karma kA sarvAMgINa svarUpa 463 485 501 529 551 571 581 607 (18) For Personal & Private Use Only

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******* karma-vijJAna (prathama bhAga ) ( karma siddhAnta para sarvAMgINa vivecana) ******* For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA kA astitva : karma-astitva kA paricAyaka 1 . 8OM EU karma-vijJAna (prathama khaNDa) For Personal & Private Use Only

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2 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1). (karma kA astitva) 1. AtmA kA astitva : karma-astitva kA paricAyaka 2. jahA~ karma, vahA~ saMsAra 3. karma-astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma-1 4. karma-astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma-2 5. parAmanovaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi meM punarjanma aura karma ' 6. pretAtmAoM kA sAkSAt aura samparka : punarjanma kA sAkSI 7. karma-astitva kI siddhi jagat-vaicitrya 8. vilakSaNatAoM kA mUla kAraNa : karmabandha 9. karma kA astitva vibhinna pramANoM se siddha 10. karma kA astitva kaba se aura kaba taka ? 11. karma ke astitva ke prati anAsthA anucita For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA kA astitva : karma-astitva kA paricAyaka 3 AtmA kA astitva: karma-astitva kA paricAyaka samagra Astika darzanoM kA kendra bindu AtmA hai / AtmA ko kendra mAnakara hI yahA~ para samasta prANiyoM ke sukha-duHkha, hAni-lAbha, jIvanamaraNa, nindA-prazaMsA, vikAsa-hrAsa, unnati-avanati, hita-ahita, Adi ke kAraNoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / AtmA kI dRSTi se hI puNya-pApa, karma, bandha, mokSa, Amrava, saMvara, heya-jJeya-upAdeya, zuddhi-azuddhi, guNa-avaguNa, samyakjJAna, mithyA-jJAna, sudarzana-kudarzana, samyakcAritra-kucAritra, samyak-asamyak tapa, tyAga-pratyAkhyAna prabhRti viSayoM ke sambandha meM gahana cintana-manana kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi ina sabakA mUla kartA-dhartA svayaM AtmA hai aura karma ke kAraNa hI AtmA ina saba meM pravRtta hotA hai / . . AtmA aura karma kA sambandha anAdi kAla se hai / yahI AtmA kI vibhAva dazA hai / AtmA ke rAga-dveSa, moha, ajJAna Adi bhAva ina vibhAva bhAvoM kI utpatti meM nimitta haiM / AtmA ke rAgAdi bhAvoM ke kAraNa yogoM ke nimitta se kArmaNa Adi vargaNAe~ AkarSita hokara AtmA ke sAtha pratipala-pratikSaNa sambandhita hotI haiN| unheM karma kI saMjJA pradAna kI gaI hai jo sthiti aura rasa ko lie hue hotI hai / AtmA svataHsiddha caitanya svarUpa hai / phira bhI vaha apane svarUpa ke prati anabhijJa hai, anajAna hai / isakA kAraNa hai-karmoM kA saghana avaraNa / karma paudgalika hai, vaha jar3a svarUpa hai / AtmA prati samaya ajJAna evaM moha ke kAraNa rAga-dveSa Adi bhAva svayaM kara rahA hai, jisameM karma kA udaya nimitta hai aura ina rAgAdi bhAvoM ke hone meM karma ke udaya ke phalasvarUpa bAhya meM zarIra, indriyA~, mana, bacana, svajana, parijana, bhavana prabhRti vastue~ evaM paristhitiyA~ nimittabhUta hotI haiM / yahI AtmA kI vibhAva dazA hai / karmoM ke bandha kA mUla kAraNa. bhAva kA rAga-dveSa, moha hai jisakA antaraMga kAraNa mohanIya, jJAnAvaraNIya, For Personal & Private Use Only

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4 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) darzanAvaraNIya, antarAya Adi ghAtI karma hai / aura bahiraMga meM aghAtI karma ke udaya ke phalasvarUpa zarIra, strI, putra tathA anya vastue~ haiN| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki AtmA hI karmoM kA kartA hai aura vahI nirodha kartA aura kSaya karatA hai / AtmA kA kartRttva tIna prakAra se siddha hotA hai / svabhAvataH AtmA apane svarUpa kA kartA hai / ise dUsare zabdoM meM yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki apane hI abhinna jJAnAdi guNoM kA vaha kartA hai jisameM kisI bhI vijAtIya dravya kA bAhya nimitta apekSita nahIM hai / yaha nizcaya naya se kapina hai| __ karma ke tIna prakAra haiM-bhAvakarma, dravyakarma aura nokarma / jIva svayaM kI ajJAna dazA se karma sahita hone ke kAraNa rAga-dveSa- moha Adi bhAva kA kartA hai / isameM karma kA udaya, zarIra Adi bAhya parigraha nimitta haiM / ye para-bhAva haiM / para-bhAva, para-adhInatA se utpanna hote haiM / vastutaH jIva kI yahI vibhAva dazA hai / yaha saMyogI bhAva bhI kahalAte haiM / kyoMki ye bhAva paralakSya se parAzrita hokara samutpanna hote haiM / ve vividha rUpa meM hote haiM / vibhAva kSaNabhaMgura aura vinAzazIla haiM / yaha smaraNa rahe ki koI bhI saMyogI padArtha zAzvata nahIM hotA / isalie ye bhAva jIva ke svabhAva nahIM haiM / jIva zAzvata aura nitya hai / yadi jIva paralakSya kA parityAga kara, parAdhInatA se parAGmukha hokara apane hI nija caitanya svabhAva kA lakSya kare, paricaya kare, use apane svabhAva kA bhAna ho to vaha svabhAva bhAva utpanna kara sakatA hai, jo zAzvata aura dhruva hai / dravyakarma jIva ke rAga-dveSa Adi bhAvakarma ke kAraNa yoga ke nimitta se hote haiM / antaraMga kAraNa mohanIya karma kA udaya hai aura bAhya kAraNa hai- aghAtI karmoM kA udaya / jisake phalasvarUpa vastu kA iSTa-aniSTa, rAga-dveSa Adi bhAva kartA hai / jise Atma-pradezoM ke Asa-pAsa rahI huI kArmaNa vargaNAe~ apane Apa khicakara (AtmA ke pradezoM meM pahale se hI karma vidyamAna haiM) unase sambandhita ho jAtI haiM / ina karmoM kA sambandha AtmA ke sAtha eka kSetrAvagAha sambandha hai aura vaha sambandha amuka sthiti va rasa lie hue hotA hai / aura ina karmoM ke udaya meM jIva punaH rAga-dveSa Adi bhAva kara naye karmoM ko bAMdhatA rahatA hai / yaha karma sahita jIva kI vibhAva dazA hai| 1 (ka) appA kattA vikattA ya duhANa ya suhANa ya / / -uttarAdhyayana 20/36 (kha) aNNANamao jIvo kammANaM kArago hodi / / -samayasAra 12 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA kA astitva : karma-astitva kA paricAyaka 5 karmoM ke mukhya do bheda haiM / eka ghAtI karma aura dUsarA aghAtI karma / ghAtI karma AtmA ke svAbhAvika guNoM ko AcchAdita kiye hue hai / bahiraMga meM unake udaya ke phalasvarUpa zarIra, strI, putra, dhana-vaibhava Adi kA saMyoga jur3atA hai jo ki AtmA se spaSTa rUpa se bhinna haiM, unameM yaha jIva iSTa aura aniSTa kI kalpanA kara Akula-vyAkula hotA hai / vaha rAga-dveSAdi bhAva karatA hai jisake kAraNa naye karmoM kA bandha karatA hai / yaha bandha pratisamaya ho rahA hai| kyoMki jIva aura pudgaloM kA pariNamana prati-samaya hai| anAdikAla se pravAha rUpa meM karmoM kA bandhana AtmA ke sAtha ho rahA hai| karma amuka sthiti liye hue rahate haiM aura unakI sthiti ke paripAka para svataH nirjarita hote rahate haiM aura nUtana karma ba~dhate rahate haiM jisase jIva kI saMsAra avasthA banI rahatI hai / itanA hone ke bAvajUda bhI ina karmoM kA kapina jIva ke apane adhikAra meM hai / yadi vaha cAhe to vaha karmoM kA kartA bane, yadi vaha na cAhe to karmoM kA kartA na bane / yadi jIva apane svarUpa kA, apane vaibhava kA, apanI paripUrNatA kA aura ajara-amaratA kA bhAna karatA hai to vaha karmoM kI zrRMkhalA ko chinna-bhinna kara unase mukta ho sakatA hai / ina karmoM ke udaya meM bAhya saMyogoM ke nimitta se vaha Akula-vyAkula hotA hai / ise hI sukha-duHkha kA vedana kahA jAtA hai / jisa sukhaM kI use anubhUti hotI hai vaha duHkha meM bhI parivartita ho jAtA hai| vaha sukha zAzvata nahIM hone se kevala sukhAbhAsa hai / vaha sukha ananta duHkha kA kAraNa bhI hai / usa sukha ko prApta karane ke lie ananta icchAe~ janma letI haiM / ataH una icchAoM se mukta hone kA aura sacce sukha kA upAya eka mAtra samyagjJAna hai| jo karma nahIM hai para karma ke sadRza hai use nokarma kI saMjJA pradAna kI gaI hai / nokarma bhI do prakAra ke haiM- baddha nokarma aura abaddha nokarma / jaise jIva ke sAtha karma kA sambandha hai vaise hI karma kA phala jo zarIra hai, usakA bhI jIva ke sAtha ekakSetrAvagAha sambandha hai / yaha zarIra bhI amuka sthiti lie AtmA ke sAtha baddha rahatA hai / isalie yaha zarIra baddha nokarma hai| isI ke mAdhyama se jIva antaraMga karma ke udaya meM bAhya strI-putra, dhana-vaibhava Adi meM iSTa aura aniSTa mAnakara rAga-dveSa karatA hai / strI-putra Adi caitanya parigraha hai aura dhana-vaibhava Adi acaitanya parigraha hai| usa para jIva apanA svAmitva mAnatA hai aura unheM bhogane ke lie rAgAdi bhAva karatA hai| kabhI anukUla mAnakara rAga karatA hai to kabhI pratikUla mAnakara dveSa karatA hai / hama gaharAI se cintana kareM to yaha cetana parigraha yA acetana parigraha na svayaM sukhadAyaka hai aura na svayaM duHkhadAyaka hai / aura na rAga kA nimitta hai aura na dveSa kA nimitta hai / para jIva apane hI moha va ajJAna NE Jain Education Mternational For Personal & Private Use Only

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6 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) bhAva se rAga-dveSa karatA hai to ye padArtha nimitta bana jAte haiM / isase yaha spaSTa hai ki jo bhI sukha-duHkha Adi prApta hote haiM ve apane dvArA kiye hue karmoM ke dvArA hote haiM / arthAt jitane bhI karma kiye jAte haiM, ve cetanAkRta (AtmA dvArA kRta) hote haiM, acetanAkRta nhiiN| jaba AtmA (jIva) isa tathya ko bhalIbhAMti samajha letA hai taba vaha eka ora se apane sAtha lage hue pUrvakRta karmoM ko nirjarA ke vibhinna prayogoM se ratnatraya rUpa saddharma ke AcaraNa se, tapa-saMyama se kSaya karane kA puruSArtha karatA hai aura dUsarI ora naye Ate hue karmoM ko rokane kA, karmoM ke Agamana ke kAraNoM se dUra rahane kA tathA sAvadhAna evaM apramatta rahane kA prayatna karatA hai / isa prakAra vaha AtmA svayaM udIraNA, garhaNA, saMvara evaM nirjarA dvArA karmoM ko kATakara jIva mukta yA parama zuddha-siddha-buddha-mukta paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se kaI dArzanika yA nAstika matavAdI kaha dete haiM ki AtmA kisI bhI prakAra ghaTa-paTa Adi kI taraha pratyakSa to dikhAI nahIM detI, taba hama kaise mAna leM ki AtmA vibhinna karmoM ko karatI hai aura usake phalasvarUpa sukha-duHkha Adi prApta karatI hai ? pahale AtmA kA astitva to siddha ho| mAnA jA sakatA hai ki AtmA svayaM karma bAMdhatI hai aura unakA phala bhI svayaM bhogatI hai / phira samyagjJAna evaM jAgaraNa hone para vaha svayaM hI karmoM kA nirodha evaM kSaya karane kA puruSArtha karatI hai / ataH karma kA astitva siddha karane se pUrva AtmA kA svataMtra astitva siddha karanA anivArya hai / AtmA kA svataMtra astitva hI karma ke astitva kA paricAyaka siddha hogA / vAstava meM gaNadharavAda' meM jitanI bhI cacAe~ haiM, ve saba AtmA aura karma ke astitva se sambandhita haiN| AtmA kisI bhI pramANa se siddha nahIM : indrabhUti gautama kI zakA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ke antargata gaNadharavAda meM prathama gaNadhara indrabhUti kI zaMkA yahI thI ki jIva (AtmA) kisI bhI pramANa se siddha nahIM ho sakatA / 1. (ka) sayameva kaDehiM gAhai no tassa mucceja'puTThayaM ||-suutrkRtaag 1/2/14 (kha) jIvANaM. ceyakaDA kammA kajjati, no aceyakaDA kammA kajjati / / -bhagavatI sUtra 1/62 2. (ka) tuma'ti pAvakammANi navaM kammamakuvvao / / -sUtrakRtAMga 1/15/6 (kha) appaNA ceva udIrei appaNA ceva garahai appaNA ceva saMvarai / / -bhagavatI 1/3 3. isake vistRta vivaraNa ke lie dekhiye-gaNadharavAda kI prastAvanA (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) pR. 74 4. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (gaNadharavAda) mA. 1549 (anuvAda) pR. 3 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA kA astitva : karma-astitva kA paricAyaka 7 1. jIva pratyakSa nahIM-yadi AtmA (jIva) kA astitva ho to use ghaTa* paTa Adi ke samAna pratyakSa dikhAI denA cAhie, kintu vaha pratyakSa nahIM hai / apratyakSa padArthoM kA AkAza-kusuma ke samAna sarvathA abhAva hotA hai / jIva sarvathA apratyakSa hone se saMsAra meM usakA bhI sarvathA abhAva hai / yadyapi paramANu bhI carmacakSuoM se dikhAI nahIM detA, kintu vaha jIva ke samAna 'sarvathA apratyakSa nahIM hai / kAryarUpa meM pariNata paramANu kA pratyakSa to hotA hI hai, lekina jIva kA to kathamapi pratyakSa nahIM hotA / ataH paramANu kA abhAva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, jabaki jIva kA sarvathA abhAva mAnanA caahie| 2. anumAna se bhI jIva kA astitva siddha nahIM-anumAna bhI pratyakSa pUrvaka hotA hai / jisa padArtha kA kabhI pratyakSa na huA ho, usako anumAna se bhI nahIM jAnA jA sakatA / pratyakSa se pahale nizcita dhUma tathA agni kA avinAbhAva sambandha dRSTa hotA hai, usI kA smaraNa hotA hai / tabhI dhUmarUpa hetu ke pratyakSa se agni kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / yahA~ jIva ke kisI bhI liMga (hatu) kA liMgI (sAdhya) jIva ke sAtha sambandha pUrvagRhIta nahIM hai, jisase usa hetu kA punaH pratyakSa hone para usa sambandha kA smaraNa ho aura jIva (AtmA) ke astitva ke viSya meM anumAna kiyA jA ske| 3. Agama-pramANa se jIva siddha nahIM-Agama pramANa bhI anumAna rUpa hI hai, kyoMki Agama ke do bheda haiM-dRSTArtha-viSayaka aura adRSTArtha viSayaka / dRSTArtha-viSayaka Agama to spaSTataH anumAna hai / 'ghaTa' zabda kA zravaNa karate hI pahale pratyakSa dekhakara amuka viziSTa AkAra vAle padArtha ke nizcaya kA punaH smaraNa hotA hai, usase anumAna kara liyA jAtA hai ki vaktA 'ghaTa zabda se amuka AkAra vizeSa vAle padArtha kA pratipAdana karatA hai / parantu hamane kabhI sunA hI nahIM hai ki jIva zarIra se bhinna artha meM prayukta hotA hai / taba phira dRSTArthaviSayaka Agama se bhI zarIra se bhinna jIva kI siddhi kaise ho sakegI ? adRSTArthaviSayaka Agama parokSa padArthoM ke pratipAdaka vacanarUpa hotA hai / yaha bhI anumAnarUpa hai / jaise-svarga-naraka Adi padArtha adRSTa (parokSa) 1 vahI, (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1550 pR. 3 (anuvAda) - 2 vahI, (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1551 pR. 4 (anuvAda) . 3 vahI, (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1552 pR. 4 (anuvAda) For Personal & Private Use Only

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8 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) haiM / isa viSaya meM adRSTArtha viSayaka Agama yoM anumAnarUpa hotA hai"svarga-narakAdi kA pratipAdaka vacana pramANa rUpa hai, kyoMki vaha candragrahaNa Adi vacana ke samAna avisaMvAdI vacana vAle AptapuruSa kA vacana hai" kintu adRSTArtha jIva ke viSaya meM aisA anumAnarUpa pramANa nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki aisA koI bhI AptapuruSa siddha nahIM hai, jise AtmA pratyakSa ho, jisake AdhAra para isa sambandha meM usakA vacana pramANa mAnA jAe / tathA apratyakSa hone para bhI jIva kA astitva mAna liyA jAe / ataH Agama, . pramANa se bhI jIva kI siddhi sambhava nahIM / phira tathAkathita Agama bhI AtmA (jIva) ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM ekamata nahIM haiM balki kaI AgamoM ke mata to paraspara virodhI haiM / isalie Agama-pramANa se bhI AtmA kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai| 4. upamAna-pramANa se bhI jIva asiddha hai-vizva meM koI bhI anya padArtha AtmA jaisA nahIM hai, jisakI upamA AtmA se dI jA sake / Atma-sadRza koI padArtha na hone se AtmA sambandhI jJAna kaise ho sakatA hai ? ataH upamAna-pramANa se bhI AtmA kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI' / ' 5. arthApatti-pramANa se bhI AtmA,siddha nahIM ho sakatI-saMsAra meM aisA koI bhI padArtha nahIM hai, jisakA astitva usI dazA meM siddha ho, jaba AtmA ko mAnA jAe / ataH apitti dvArA bhI AtmA kI siddhi zakya nahIM hai| jainadarzana dvArA AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi bhagavAn mahAvIra ne indra bhUti gautama kI uparyukta zaMkAoM ka sayuktika samAdhAna kiyA hai, jisakA vistRta vivaraNa gaNadharavAda meM aMkita hai / hama yahA~ vistRta rUpa se jaina darzana dvArA AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi kI carcA kareMge / isI ke antargata gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama kI zaMkAoM kA bhI samAdhAna samAviSTa kara liyA gayA hai / jaina dArzanikoM ne pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama Adi vibhinna pramANoM se AtmA kA astitva siddha kiyA hai| 1. pratyakSa se AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi-'AtmA pratyakSa nahIM hai, isalie usakA abhAva hai,' isa kathana kA nirAkaraNa tattvArtharAjavArtika meM 1 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1552 (anuvAda) pR. 5 2 vahI, (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1553 (anuvAda) pR. 6 3 vahI, (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1553 (anuvAda) pR. 6 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA kA astitva : karma-astitva kA paricAyaka 9 isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai-"indriya-nirapekSa Atmajanya kevalajJAnarUpa sakala-pratyakSa ke dvArA zuddhAtmA kA pratyakSa hotA hai, tathA avadhijJAnamanaHparyavajJAna rUpa deza-pratyakSa ke dvArA karma-nokarmayukta azuddhAtmA kA pratyakSa hotA hai| 2. AtmA pratyakSa bhI hai-gaNadharavAda meM gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-"tumane jo yaha kahA ki AtmA pratyakSa nahIM hai, yaha kathana pratyakSa se bAdhita hai, jaise ki zabda kA zravaNa dvArA pratyakSa hotA hai, phira bhI koI kahe ki zabda to azrAvaNa hai, arthAt-vaha karNagrAhya nahIM, usI prakAra AtmA ahaMpratyaya ('maiM hU~' isa prakAra ke kathana) dvArA pratyakSa hone para bhI anumAna karate ho ki AtmA kA astitva grAhaka pAMcoM pramANoM se bAdhita hai / 'AtmA nahIM hai', yaha tumhArA (gaNadhara gautama kA) pakSa anumAna-bAdhita hai / Age AtmasAdhaka anumAnoM kA pratipAdana kiyA jAegA / 'maiM saMzaya kartA hU~' yaha bAta svIkAra karane ke pazcAt AtmA nahIM hai' (arthAt-maiM nahIM hU~) aisA kathana karane se tumhArA pakSa sva-svIkAra se bhI bAdhita hotA hai / Azaya yaha hai ki maiM saMzayakartA hU~, yaha kahakara 'maiM' kA svIkAra to ho gayA, aba 'maiM nahIM haiN| aisA kahakara 'maiM' kA niSedha karate ho / ataH 'maiM' ke niSedha kI bAta apane prathama svIkAra se hI bAdhita ho jAtI hai / " "AtmA nahIM hai', yaha tumhArA pakSa lokaviruddha bhI hai; kyoMki anapar3ha loga bhI AtmA ko svIkAra karate haiM / jaise-koI vyakti zazi ko acandra kahe yaha lokaviruddha hai, vaise hI 'maiM AtmA nahIM' arthAt-'maiM', maiM nahIM, aisA kathana 'merI mAM vandhyA hai, isa kathana ke samAna svavacana-viruddha bhI hai"| - 3. sarvajJa ko AtmA pratyakSa hai, chadmastha ko Azika pratyakSa-"he indra bhUti gautm| tumheM bhI AtmA kA pratyakSa hai / tumhArA yaha pratyakSa AMzika hai, AtmA kA sarva prakAra se pUrNa pratyakSa nahIM hai, kintu mujhe usakA sarvathA pUrNa pratyakSa hai / tuma chadmastha ho, vItarAga nahIM / ataH tumheM vastu kA AMzika sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / ataH tumheM vastu ke ananta sva-para-paryAyoM kA 1 (ka) jadi kevaleNa NAdaM havadi hi jIveNa paccakkha / " -pravacanasAra gA. 58 (kha) vahI gA. 59 (ga) sarvadravya paryAya viSayam sakalam--nyAyadIpikA pR. 36 (gha) tattvArtha vArtika 2/8/18 2 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1557 (anuvAda) pR. 9-10 For Personal & Private Use Only

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10 karma-vijJAna : kama kA astitva (1) sAkSAtkAra nahIM ho sakatA, kintu vastu kA AMzika sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / jaise ghaTAdi padArtha dIpaka Adi se aMzataH prakAzita hone para bhI kahA jAtA hai, ghaTa prakAzita huA / isI prakAra chadmastha ke dvArA ghaTAdi padArthoM kA AMzika pratyakSa hone para bhI ghaTa pratyakSa huA, aisA vyavahAra hotA hai / isI AdhAra para AtmA kA tumheM AMzika pratyakSa hone para bhI vyavahAra meM kahA jAegA, tumheM AtmA kA pratyakSa ho gayA / maiM kevalajJAnI (sarvajJa) hU~, merA jJAna apratihata, ananta aura pUrNa hai, isalie mujhe AtmA kA pUrNarUpa se pratyakSa hai / tumhArI zaMkA atIndriya thI, ataH bAhya indriyoM se agrAhya thI, . phira bhI maiMne use jAna lii| yaha bAta tumheM pratItisiddha hai / isase tuma samajha lo ki mujhe AtmA kA pUrNa sAkSAtkAra huA hai| 4. indriya-pratyakSa na hone para bhI AtmA kA abhAva siddha nahIM hotAjainadarzana indriya-pratyakSa ko parokSa mAnatA hai / isalie indriya-pratyakSa se AtmA kA pratyakSa na hone se, usakA abhAva siddha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| indriyA~ atIndriya vastuoM ko grahaNa nahIM kara sakatIM / isalie ve agrAhaka haiM, sarvajJa AtmA hI pratyakSa grAhaka hai / indriyoM ke naSTa ho jAne para bhI una-una gRhIta viSayoM kI smRti hotI hai / jisa prakAra khir3akI ke naSTa ho jAne para bhI usake dvArA dekhane vAlA vidyamAna rahatA hai, isI prakAra indriyarUpI khir3akiyoM se dekhane vAle AtmA kI sattA rahatI hai / 5. sva-saMvedana-pratyakSa-zAstravArtA-samuccaya, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, syAdvAdamaMjarI Adi granthoM meM sva-saMvedana-pratyakSa se AtmA kA astitva siddha kiyA hai / jisa prakAra sukha-duHkha kA sva-saMvedana pratyakSa dvArA siddha hotA hai / jo pratyakSa (svasaMvidita) ho, usakI siddhi ke lie anya pramANa anAvazyaka hai / usI prakAra 'maiM sukhI hU~, maiM duHkhI hU~' ityAdi vAkyoM meM 'maiM pratyakSa ke dvArA atIndriya AtmA kA svataMtra astitva siddha hotA hai / 'maiM hU~' yaha jJAna bhrAnta nahIM hai, aura na 'maiM' se zarIrAdi kA bodha hotA hai / AtmA kA yaha svabhAva bhI hai ki vaha AtmA ke dvArA AtmA ko jAnatA hai / yaha bAta anubhavasiddha bhI hai / isa prakAra 'maiM' viSayaka pratyakSa anubhava se svayaM jyotisvarUpa AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai / vedAnta darzana meM batAyA gayA hai ki sabhI ko apane (AtmA ke) astitva kI pratIti 'maiM hU~' isa prakAra se hotI hai / kisI ko yaha pratIti 1 vizeSAvazyakabhASya (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1563 pR 12 2 (ka) jaM par3ado viNNANaM taM tu zomavaMti / pravacanasAra gA. 58 (kha) tattvArtha vArtika 2/8/58 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA kA astitva : karma-astitva kA paricAyaka 11 nahIM hotI tathA koI yaha bhI nahIM kahatA ki 'maiM nahIM huuN|" isa prakAra ke sva-saMvedanarUpa Atmanizcaya se AtmA kI sattA siddha hotI hai / 6. aha-pratyaya se bhI AtmA pratyakSa-'maiMne kiyA hai, maiM karatA hU~, maiM karU~gA', ityAdi prakAra se tInoM kAla sambandhI apane vividha kAryakalApo kA jo nirdeza kiyA jAtA hai, usameM 'maiM pana kA jo ahaMrUpa jJAna hotA hai, vaha bhI AtmapratyakSa hI hai / yaha ahaMrUpa jJAna na to anumAnarUpa hai, aura na hI AgamarUpa / vaha AtmA kA hI pratyakSa hai / ghaTAdi padArthoM meM AtmA (cetanA) na hone se unheM isa prakAra ke ahaMpana kA Atma-pratyakSa nahIM hotaa| aisA aha-pratyaya (maiM zabda kA prayogAtmaka nizcaya) jIva ke badale zarIra ke lie nahIM hotA, anyathA mRtadeha meM bhI ahaMpratyaya honA cAhie, vaha nahIM hotA / ataH ahaMpana ke jJAna kA viSaya zarIra nahIM, apitu jIva (AtmA) hI ___7. saMzayarUpa vijJAna se AtmA pratyakSa hai-indrabhUti gautama kI zaMkAoM kA. samAdhAna karate hue bha. mahAvIra ne kahA "jIva (AtmA) hai yA nahIM?" isa prakAra kA jo saMzayarUpa vijJAna hai, vahI jIva hai; kyoMki jIva vijJAnarUpa hai / tumheM tumhArA saMzaya to pratyakSa hI hai, kyoMki vaha vijJAnarUpa hai / jo vijJAnarUpa hotA hai, vaha sva-saMvedana-pratyakSa se sva-saMvedita hotA hI hai, anyathA vijJAna kA jJAna ghaTita nahIM ho sktaa| isa prakAra saMzayarUpa vijJAna tumheM pratyakSa ho to usa rUpa meM jIva (AtmA) bhI pratyakSa hai / pratyakSa kI siddhi meM anya pramANa anAvazyaka hai / 8. saMzayakartA bhI jIva hI hai-"yadi saMzaya karane vAlA koI na ho to 'maiM hU~ yA nahIM ?' yaha saMzaya kisa ko hogA ?" saMzaya vijJAnarUpa hai aura vijJAna eka guNa hai, jo guNI ke binA raha nahIM sktaa| ataH saMzayarUpa vijJAnaguNa kA koI guNI mAnanA Avazyaka hai / saMzaya kA AdhAra guNI (saMzayakatA) jIva (AtmA) hI hai / saMzaya karane vAlA koI na koI cetana .1 (ka) ahamasmItyeva darzanaM spssttaadh-prtyy-vednaat| .. / -zAstravArtA-samuccaya 1/79, 1/80-87 (kha) prameya kamala mArtaNDa, pR. 112 (ga) syAdvAdamaMjarI, kArikA 17 (gha) sarvo hyAtmA'stitvaM pratyeti, na nA'hamasmIti' -brahmasUtra zAMkarabhASya 1/1/1 2 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1555 (anuvAda) pR.8 3 vahI, (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1554 (anuvAda) pR. 7 For Personal & Private Use Only

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12 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) . padArtha hI ho sakatA hai / ataH saMzaya kA jJAna AtmarUpa hone se saMzayI (AtmA) kA astitva siddha hotA hai / deha mUrta aura jar3a hone se amUrta aura bodharUpa jJAna ke jJAtA AtmA ko hI guNI mAnanA cAhie / tattvArtha vArtika meM kahA gayA hai- "AtmA hai yA nahIM? isa prakAra kA jJAna saMzayarUpa ho to usase bhI AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai / kyoMki jisakA astitva hai, usI ke viSaya meM saMzaya hotA hai / jo avastu hai, jisakA astitva hI nahIM hai, usake viSaya meM saMzaya hotA hI nahIM / " ataH AtmA ke viSaya meM saMzaya hone se usakA astitva siddha hotA hai|' 9. guNoM ke pratyakSa se guNI AtmA kA pratyakSa-'AtmA pratyakSa hai, kyoMki usake smaraNAdi vijJAnarUpa guNa sva-saMvedana dvArA pratyakSa haiM / jisa guNI ke guNa pratyakSa hote haiM, vaha guNI bhI pratyakSa hotA hai, jaise-ghaTAdi ke pratyakSa kA AdhAra usake rUpAdi guNa haiM / AtmA ke smaraNAdi guNa pratyakSa hone se AtmA (guNI) bhI pratyakSa hai| guNa guNI se abhinna ho to guNadarzana se guNI kA bhI sAkSAt darzana . mAnanA cAhie / jaise kapar3e aura usake raMga ke abhinna hone se raMga ke grahaNa se vastra kA bhI grahaNa ho jAtA hai, vaise hI smaraNAdi guNoM ke pratyakSa se AtmA kA bhI pratyakSa ho hI jAtA hai / 10. vijJAtA AtmA jJAnarahita indriyoM se bhinna hai-zarIra meM vidyamAna indriyoM se vijJAtA-AtmA bhinna hai, kyoMki indriyoM ke vyApAra ke abhAva meM bhI unase upalabdha padArthoM kA smaraNa hotA hai| jaise-jharokhe dvArA dekhI gaI vastu ko devadatta jharokhe ke binA bhI yAda kara sakatA hai / ataH devadatta jharokhe se bhinna hai / usI prakAra indriyoM ke binA bhI indriyoM dvArA upalabdha padArthoM kA smaraNa karane se AtmA ko indriyoM se bhinna mAnanA cAhie / ataH vijJAtA AtmA jJAna caitanyarahita indriyoM se bhinna hai / usakA pathaka svataMtra astitva hai| 11. dUsaroM ke zarIra meM AtmA kI siddhi-apane zarIra meM jaise vijJAnamaya AtmA hai, vaise hI dUsaroM ke zarIra meM bhI vijJAnamaya AtmA hai; kyoMki jaise hamArI iSTa meM pravRtti aura aniSTa se nivRtti hotI hai, vaise hI dUsaroM kI bhI iSTa meM pravRtti aura aniSTa se nivRtti hotI hai / isalie hamAre zarIra meM 1 (ka) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1556 (anuvAda) pa. 9 (kha) tattvArthavArtika 2/8/20 2 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1559 (anuvAda) pR. 10 3 vahI, (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1562 (anuvAda) pR. 12 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA kA astitva : karma-astitva kA paricAyaka 13 AtmA hai, isI prakAra dUsaroM ke zarIra meM bhI AtmA kI sattA avazya honI cAhie / dUsaroM ke zarIra meM AtmA na ho to ghaTa-paTa Adi acetana padArthoM ke samAna unakI bhI iSTa meM pravRtti aura aniSTa se nivRtti na hotI' / 12. anumAna - pramANa dvArA AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi - yaha koI ekAnta niyama nahIM hai ki sAdhya (liMgI) ke sAtha hetu (liMga) ko pahale pratyakSa dekhA ho, tabhI bAda meM hetu se sAdhya kI siddhi ho sakatI hai / jaise--kisI vyakti ne bhUta ko hAsya, gAna, rudana, hAtha-paira mArane kI kriyA, netravikSepa Adi liMgoM (hetuoM) ke sAtha pahale kabhI dekhA nahIM, phira bhI ina liMgoM ko dekhakara dUsare ke zarIra meM bhUta hone kA anumAna hotA hai; usI prakAra AtmA sAtha kisI liMga (hetu) kA pratyakSa darzana pUrvagRhIta na hone para bhI AtmA kA anumAna ho sakatA hai ; yaha mAnanA cAhie' / 13. saMzaya kA viSaya hone se AtmA kI sattA siddha hai - bha. mahAvIra na gaNadhara gautama se kahA- "tumhAre meM AtmA (jIva) hai, kyoMki tumheM isa viSaya meM saMzaya hai / jisa viSaya meM saMzaya ho, vaha avazya hI vidyamAna hotA hai / jo avastu ho sarvathA avidyamAna ho, usake viSaya meM kabhI kisI ko saMzaya nahIM hotA / jaise - yaha ThUMTha hai yA puruSa ? isa prakAra ke saMzaya meM donoM hI vastue~ vidyamAna haiM / saMzayAspada donoM vastue~, vahIM (usI sthala para) vidyamAna hoM, aisA niyama nahIM hai / saMzaya kI viSayabhUta vastu vahA~ yA anyatra kahIM bhI vidyamAna ho sakatI hai / 'gadhe ke sIMga' ke viSaya meM saMzaya ho to saMzayAspada sIMga cAhe gadhe ke na hoM, kintu anyatra gAya Adi ke to hai hI / vizva meM sIMga kA sarvathA abhAva nahIM hai ' / 14. viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya dvArA bhI AtmA kI siddhi - yahI bAta viparyaya jJAna yA bhramajJAna ke viSaya meM samajha lenI caahie| yadi jagat meM sarpa kA sarvathA abhAva hotA to rassI ke Tukar3e meM sarpa kA bhrama kadApi nahIM hotA / isa nyAya se yadi tuma zarIra meM AtmA kA bhrama hI mAno to bhI AtmA kA astitva vahA~ nahIM, to anyatra kahIM mAnanA hI par3egA / aura viparyaya bhI aprasiddha yA avidyamAna padArtha kA nahIM hotA, prasiddha evaM vidyamAna padArtha kA hI hotA hai / isalie viparyaya jJAna se bhI AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai / 'AtmA hai,' yaha jJAna anadhyavasAya 1 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ( gaNadharavAda) gA. 1564 (anuvAda) pR. 13 2 vahI, gA. 1565-66 (anuvAda) pR. 13 3 vahI, gA. 1571 (anuvAda) pR. 15 For Personal & Private Use Only

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14 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) (anizcaya) rUpa bhI nahIM hotA, kyoMki anAdikAla se pratyeka vyakti AtmA kA anubhava karatA hai| 15. AtmA hI jJAtA, draSTA, zrotA, maMtA Adi hai, acetana padArtha nahIMjainadarzana ajIva (acetana jar3a) se bhinna jIva (AtmA) ko sacetana mAnatA hai tathA use hI vijJAtA, draSTA, zrotA, mantA, svataMtra AtmA kahatA hai / ye lakSaNa acetana-jar3a-ajIva meM nahIM pAye jAte / sAdhAraNatayA yaha kahA jAtA hai ki hama apanI A~khoM se dekhate haiM, kAnoM se sunate haiM, nAMka se sUMghate . . haiM, jIbha se cakhate haiM, mana se vicAra karate haiM Adi, kintu yaha yathArtha nahIM hai / ye indriyA~ aura mana to upakaraNa mAtra haiM, jar3a haiM, bhautika haiM, viSayoM ko jAnane, dekhane Adi kI zakti to AtmA meM hai / agara indriyA~ aura mana meM hI dekhane-jAnane Adi kI zakti hotI to murdA prANI kyoM nahIM dekha-suna pAtA ? vaha kyoM nahIM bolatA? vaha kyoM nahIM socatA ?, jabaki dravyendriya evaM dravyamana to usake bhI hotA hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki dekhane-sunane Adi kI zakti to AtmA meM thI / jaba taka usa mRta prANI meM AtmA thI, taba taka indriyoM va mana dekhane sunane Adi kA kArya karate the / parantu usa mRta zarIra meM se AtmA ke nikala jAne se vaha aba dekha-suna Adi nahIM sakatA / 16. saMkalanAtmaka jJAna karane vAlI AtmA hai, indriyoM nahIM-isa sambandha meM eka tathya aura bhI vicAraNIya hai / kAna kevala zabda suna sakate haiM, A~kheM kevala dRzya padArthoM ko dekha sakatI haiM, nAka sirpha sUMgha sakatI hai, jIbha kevala svAda kA anubhava kara sakatI hai, aura tvacA (sparzendriya) kevala zIta-uSNa Adi sparzoM kA jJAna kara sakatI hai, aura ye saba indriyA~ apane-apane viSaya kA jJAna AtmA kI zakti se hI kara sakatI haiM, anyathA nahIM / yahI kAraNa hai ki A~kha banda kara lene para dUsarI indriya.yA aMga se dekhA nahIM jA sakatA, kAna baMda kara lene para dUsare kisI aMga yA indriya se sunA nahIM jA sktaa| 1 (ka) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1572 (anuvAda) pR. 16 (kha) tattvArthavArtika 2/8/20 2 (ka) je AyA se viNNAyA, je viNNAyA se AyA / jeNa vijANati se AyA, taM paDucca paDisakhAe; se AyAvAdI / -AcArAMga zru. 1 (kha) AtmA jJAna, svayaM jJAnaM, jJAnAdanyat karoti kim ? -AcArya amRtacandra (ga) karmagrantha bhAH 1(marudharakesarI mizrImala jI ma.) (prastAvanA) pR.36 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA kA astitva : karma - astitva kA paricAyaka 15 yahI bAta anya indriyoM ke viSaya meM hai / kisI bhI indriya meM svayaM meM aisI zakti nahIM hai, ki vaha akelI hI anya indriyoM ke viSayoM kA eka sAtha anubhava kara sake / sUtrakRtAMga vRtti meM bhI kahA gayA hai- pA~coM indriyoM ke jAne hue viSaya ko samaSTirUpa se anubhUti karAne vAlA dravya koI bhinna hI honA cAhie, use hI AtmA kahate haiM / ' ataH koI aisI zakti honI cAhie, jo eka sAtha hI dekhanA, sunanA, sUMghanA, cakhanA, sparza karanA Adi kriyAe~ kara sake; vaha zakti AtmA ke sivAya aura koI nahIM hai / ataH indriyAdi paudgalika (acetana) vastuoM se bhinna svataMtra sacetana AtmA hI jJAtA, draSTA Adi hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki vRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM batAyA hai - "prANa kA grahaNa karane vAlA vahI hai, mana kA vicAra karane vAlA vahI hai, jJAna kA jAnane vAlA vahI hai / yahI draSTA hai, yahI zrotA hai, yahI mantA hai aura yahI vijJAtA hai / "2 ataH sabhI indriyoM dvArA jAne gaye viSayoM evaM jJAnoM meM ekasUtratA dekhane vAle grahaNakartA ke rUpa meM AtmA kA astitva * siddha hotA hai / indriyA~ acetana evaM kSaNika haiM / unase aisA ho nahIM sakatA / isalie indriyoM se bhinna sakala jJAna aura viSaya ko grahaNa karane koI avazya honA cAhie, jo aisA hai, vahI AtmA hai / L - 17. jJAna rUpa asAdhAraNa guNa ke kAraNa AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA haiAtmA kA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa jJAna hai / vaha AtmA (cetana) ke atirikta kisI bhI zarIra, mana, buddhi yA indriya kA lakSaNa nahIM ho sakatA / AtmA aura jJAna, ye donoM abhinna haiM / AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai - jo vijJAna hai vahI AtmA hai, jo AtmA hai vahI vijJAna hai / niyamasAra evaM paMcAstikAya meM bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki jJAna se bhinna AtmA aura AtmA se bhinna jJAna kahIM para bhI upalabdha nahIM hotA / * yadi jJAna ko zarIra, indriyoM, mana Adi kA lakSaNa mAneM to bar3e-choTe zarIra meM, bRhadAkAra tathA laghu AkAra kI indriyoM meM yA 1 paMcaNha saMjoge aNNaguNANaM na ceyaNAi guNo hoI / paMciMdiyaThANANaM sA aNNamuNiyaM muNai aNNo // .2 (ka) bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad 3/4/1-2, 3/7/23, 3/8/11 (kha) tattvArtha vArtika 2/8/19 pR. 12 3 (ka) syAdvAda maMjarI, kArikA 17, pR.173 (kha) tattvArthavArtika 2/8/27 . (kaM) je AyA se vinnAyA, je vinnAyA se AyA / (kha) paMcAstikAya 43 (ga) appANaM viNu NANaM, NANaM viNu appago na saMdeho / For Personal & Private Use Only - sUtrakRtAMgavRtti - niyamasAra 171

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16 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) saMjI-asaMjJI donoM prakAra ke jIvoM meM jJAna kI nyUnAdhikatA honI cAhie, parantu yaha tathya anubhavasiddha nahIM hai| jJAna agara zarIrAdi kA lakSaNa mAnA jAegA to mRtazarIra meM bhI jJAna kA astitva mAnanA paDegA, jo asambhava hai / ataH jJAna guNa ke kAraNa guNI AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai| 18. jahA~ AtmA hai, vahA~ jJAnarUpa guNa nyUnAdhikarUpa meM avazya rahatA haiyaha bAta dUsarI hai ki vibhinna AtmAoM para karmoM kA AvaraNa bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA hone ke kAraNa vibhinna jIvoM ke jJAna meM nyUnAdhikatA honI sambhava hai, parantu aisA kadApi nahIM hotA ki jahA~ AtmA ho, vahA~ jJAna na ho| nandIsUtra meM yaha spaSTa batAyA gayA hai ki saMsAra ke samasta jIvoM meM nigodastha (anantakAyika) jIva aise haiM, jinake utkaTa jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA udaya rahatA hai / phira bhI jaise ghanaghora ghaTAoM se sUrya ke pUrNataH AcchAdita hone para bhI usakI prabhA kA kucha aMza anAvRta rahatA hai, jisase dina aura rAta kA vibhAga hotA hai, usI prakAra una jIvoM meM bhI jJAna (akSarazruta) kA anantavA~ bhAga nitya anAvRta (udghATita) rahatA hai| yadi jJAna pUrNarUpa se AvRta ho jAe to jIva (AtmA) bhI ajIvatva (anAtmatva) ko prApta ho jAe / isa tathya ko spaSTa rUpa se eka rUpaka dvArA samajheM / jaise-ghanaghora ghaTAoM ko vidIrNakara divAkara kI prabhA bhUmaNDala para AtI hai, kintu sabhI makAnoM para usakI prabhA eka sarIkhI nahIM pdd'tii| makAnoM kI banAvaTa ke anusAra kahIM manda, kahIM mandatara aura kahIM mandatama rUpa meM par3atI hai, vaise hI jIvoM ko apanI-apanI banAvaTa tathA matijJAnAvaraNIya Adi ke udaya kI nyUnAdhikatA ke anusAra jJAna kI prabhA kisI meM manda, kisI meM mandatara aura kisI meM mandatama hotI hai parantu unameM jJAna pUrNa rUpa se kabhI tirohita nahIM hotaa| 19. suSupti avasthA meM bhI jJAna evaM caitanya kA anubhava-naiyAyika aura vaizeSika suSupti avasthA meM caitanya kA tathA sAMkhya dArzanika jJAna kA anubhava nahIM mAnate / inakA kahanA hai ki yadi suSupti avasthA meM AtmA meM jJAna yA caitanya rahatA to jAgRta avasthA ke samAna suSuptiavasthA meM bhI vastuoM kA jJAna hotA; kintu vaha nahIM hotA hai / isalie siddha hai ki suSupta avasthA meM AtmA meM jJAna yA caitanya nahIM rhtaa| 1 savvajIvANaM pi ya NaM akkharassa aNaMtabhAgo NiccugghADio hvi| jai puNa so vi AvarijjA, teNaM jIvo ajIvattaM paavejjaa| suTu vi mehasamudaye hoI pabhA canda sUrANa // -nandIsUtra 43 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA kA astitva : karma-astitva kA paricAyaka 17 . jainadArzanikoM ne isakA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| unakA kathana hai ki jisa prakAra bAdala sUrya ko AcchAdita kara detA hai, usI prakAra suSupti avasthA meM darzanAvaraNIya karma caitanya (jJAna) ko AcchAdita kara detA hai / isalie jJAna usa samaya bAhya aura antaraMga vicAroM se usI prakAra rahita ho jAtA hai, jisa prakAra maMtrAdi ke dvArA agni Adi kI zakti pratibaddha yA abhibhUta kara dI jAtI hai / magara suSupti yA matta-mUrkhAdi avasthA meM bhI AtmA meM cetanA sarvathA lupta nahIM ho jAtI, vaha darzanAvaraNIya Adi karmAvaraNa ke kAraNa dhuMdhalI ho jAtI hai / isalie kahanA cAhie ki usa 'samaya bhI cetanA sUkSma evaM nirvikalpa rUpa meM AtmA meM rahatI hai / dUsarI bAta, nidrAvasthA se uThane ke bAda manuSya ko isa prakAra kI smRti hotI hai ki maiM bahuta dera taka soyA, sukha se soyA, ityAdi / ataH AtmA jJAna-svarUpa hai / yaha avazya hai ki jAgRta-avasthA meM jJAna prakaTa rUpa meM rahatA hai, jabaki suSupta-avasthA meM aprakaTa rUpa meM / aura jJAna tathA sukha kA saMvedana karanA hI caitanya kA lakSaNa hai / yadi suSupta avasthA meM AtmA meM jJAna kA astitva nahIM mAnA jAegA to caitanya kA astitva bhI siddha nahIM ho sakegA / phira suSupta avasthA meM caitanya kA pramANa yaha bhI hai ki jisa prakAra jAgRta avasthA meM caitanya ke hone para zvAsocchvAsa calanA, netra kholanA Adi kiyAe~ hotI haiM, vaisI suSupta avasthA meM bhI hotI hai / ataH suSupta avasthA meM bhI caitanya aura jJAna donoM AtmA meM rahate haiM / caitanya aura jJAna guNa kA astitva siddha hone se guNI AtmA kA bhI astitva siddha ho jAtA hai| . : . 20. vyutpattiyukta zuddha pada hone se AtmA kA astitva siddha-jIva (AtmA) pada vyutpattiyukta zuddha pada hone se sArthaka (arthavAlA) hai / jo pada sArthaka nahIM (artharahita) hotA, vaha vyutpattiyukta zuddha pada nahIM hotA / jaise-Ditya, Davitya Adi pada sArthaka na hone se vyutpattiyukta zuddha pada nahIM haiN| jIva pada vyutpattiyukta zuddha hai, ataH usakA artha aura astitva bhI avazya honA cAhie / jIva pada kA artha zAstroM aura granthoM meM zarIrAdi se bhinna caitanya yA jJAna se yukta jantu, prANI, bhUta, satva, AtmA, cetana Adi hai| isase bhI AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai| hai (ka) tattvArtha rAjavArtika 1/1/5 (kha) tattvArtha zlokavArtika 1/235-236-237 (ga) nyAyakumudacandra pR.847 (gha) prameyakamalamArtaNDa pR. 323 2 (ka) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1575 (anuvAda) pR. 19 (kha) syAdvAdamaMjarI kA. 17 (ga) satya zAsana-parIkSA (A. vidyAnanda) pR. 15 For Personal & Private Use Only

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18 . karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) 21. bAdhaka pramANa ke abhAva se AtmA kI astitva siddhi-. anAtmavAdiyoM kA kahanA hai ki AtmA ko siddha karane vAlA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| kintu yaha 'akAraNatvAt' hetu asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntika doSayukta hai| aisA koI pramANa yA kAraNa nahIM, jo AtmA ke astitva kA abhAva siddha karatA ho; kyoMki manuSya, nAraka Adi paryAyoM meM karmasaMyukta AtmA milatI hai, ina paryAyoM kI utpatti mithyAdarzanAdi pAMca kAraNoM se hotI hai| isalie AtmA kA astitva asiddha nahIM hai| unakA yaha hetu viruddha bhI hai, kyoMki yaha hetu AtmA kA abhAva siddha na karake, sadbhAva hI siddha karatA hai| sabhI ghaTAdi padArtha sva-bhAva se sat haiN| sat hotA hai, vaha akAraNa hotA hai, kAraNavizeSa se nahIM hotaa| ataH AtmA ke astitva kA niSedha karane vAlA koI bAdhaka pramANa nahIM hai| indriyoM dvArA AtmA kA grahaNa na honA, usakA bAdhaka pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| bAdhaka pramANa vahI ho sakatA hai, jo usa viSaya ko jAnane kI zakti rakhatA ho, lekina anya saba sAmagrI rahane para bhI use grahaNa na kara ske| indriyA~ bhautika-rUpI padArthoM meM se jo sthUla, nikaTavartI aura niyata hoM, unhIM viSayoM ko hI jAna sakatI haiM, isalie unakA abhautika-amUrta AtmA ko jAna-dekha na sakanA bAdhaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| mana sUkSma, bhautika evaM caMcala hone se vaha bhI atIndriya amUrta AtmA ko nahIM dekha-jAna sktaa| sUkSmadarzaka yaMtroM kA bhI yahI hAla hai| ataH mana, indriyA~ Adi sabhI sAdhana bhautika hone se AtmA ke astitva kA niSedha karane kI zakti nahIM rkhte|' 22. prANApAna kArya dvArA AtmA kI astitva siddhi-tattvArtha-sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA gayA hai-jisa prakAra yaMtramUrti kI ceSTAoM se usake prayoga kA astitva siddha hotA hai, usI prakAra zvAsocchavAsarUpa kriyA se kriyAvAn AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai| 23. zarIra kA kartA hone se AtmA siddha hai-pratyakSa dRzyamAna zarIra ghaTa kI taraha sAdi aura niyata AkAra vAlA hai, isalie ghaTa ke kartA ke samAna deha kA bhI koI kartA honA caahie| jisakA koI kartA nahIM hotA, usakI Adi evaM niyata AkRti bhI nahIM hotI, jaise aakaash| AkAza sAdi evaM 1 (ka) tattvArtha rAjavArtika 2/8/18 (kha) pravacanasAra gA. 10 evaM 18, paMcAstikAya gA. 15 (ga) karmagrantha bhA. 1 prastAvanA (marudhara kesarI mizrImala jI ma.) 2 (ka) tattvArtha sarvArthasiddhi TIkA (AcArya pUjyapAda) 5/19 (kha) syAdvAda maMjarI, kArikA 17 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA kA astitva : karma- astitva kA paricAyaka 19 niyatAkAra nahIM hotaa| isalie usakA koI karttA bhI nahIM hotA / zarIra sAdi evaM nizcita AkAra vAlA hone se isakA koI kartA honA caahie| karmoM ke kAraNa zarIra kA kartA AtmA hai / vizeSAvazyaka bhASya Adi meM isa anumAna pramANa dvArA AtmA kA astitva siddha kiyA hai / " 24. zarIrAdi ke bhoktA ke rUpa meM AtmA kI astitva siddhivizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM batAyA gayA hai ki jaise - bhojana-vastrAdi padArtha bhogya hote haiM, puruSa unakA bhoktA hotA hai; usI prakAra deha Adi bhI bhogya hone se inakA bhI koI bhoktA honA cAhie, kyoMki bhogya padArtha svayaM apane Apa bhoktA nahIM hote| ataH zarIrAdi kA jo bhoktA hai, vahI AtmA hai| Izvara Adi anya koI zarIrAdi kA karttA, bhoktA athavA svAmI (arthI) nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki yaha yuktiviruddha hai| ataH AtmA hI usakA karttA, bhoktA yA svAmI hai| 25. AtmA kathaMcit mUrtAdi rUpa hai- AtmA to nitya, amUrta aura (zarIrAdi ke) asaMghAtarUpa hai, phira vaha zarIrAdi kA karttA - bhoktA yA svAmI Adi kaise ho sakatA hai ? isa prazna ke uttara meM bha. mahAvIra ne kahA- jo mukta AtmA hai, vaha to amUrta hI hai, lekina saMsArastha AtmA ATha karmoM se AvRta tathA sazarIra hone ke kAraNa kathaMcit mUrta Adi rUpa hai / ' 3 26. zarIrAdi saMghAtoM kA svAmI AtmA hai - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM sAMkhyadarzana ke samAna yaha tarka bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki zarIra, indriyA~, mana, buddhi, aMgopAMga Adi saMghAta rUpa hote haiM, isalie inakA koI svAmI avazya honA caahie| jo saMghAtarUpa hotA hai, usakA koI na koI svAmI hotA hai| jaise-gRha saMghAta rUpa hai, to usakA svAmI gRhapati hotA hai| isI prakAra zarIrAdi saMghAtarUpa vastuoM ke pratyakSa hone se unake svAmI kA anumAna avazyambhAvI hai| ataH karmavazAt prApta zarIrAdi saMghAta kA jo svAmI hai, vahI AtmA hai| 27. karaNarUpa indriyoM kA adhiSThAtA : AtmA - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM yaha bhI tarka samupasthita kiyA gayA hai ki indriyA~ karaNa haiM, isalie inakA koI adhiSThAtA avazya honA cAhie, jaise- daNDa- cakra Adi karaNoM kA 1 2 3 4 (ka) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA. 1567 (kha) syAdvAda maMjarI kA. 17 (ka) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA. 1569 (kha) SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1570, (anuvAda) pR. 15 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 1569 For Personal & Private Use Only

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20 . karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) adhiSThAtA kumbhakAra hotA hai| jisakA koI adhiSThAtA nahIM hotA, vaha karaNa nahIM hotA, jaise aakaash| ataH karaNarUpa indriyoM kA jo adhiSThAtA hai vahI AtmA hai| isI prakAra zrotrAdi indriyA~ karaNa haiM, unakA preraka, jinase prerita hokara indriyA~ apanA kArya karatI haiM, bhI AtmA hI hai| 28. AdAtA ke rUpa meM AtmA kI siddhi-vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM AtmA kI siddhi AdAtA ke rUpa meM bhI kI gaI hai| jaise-saMDAsI aura lohe meM AdAna-Adeya (grahaNa-grAhya) sambandha hotA hai, to use grahaNa karane vAlA (AdAtA) luhAra hotA hai, isI prakAra indriyoM aura viSayoM meM AdAna-Adeva (grahaNa-grAhya) sambandha hai, ataH inako grahaNa karane vAlA (AdAtA) bhI koI na koI honA caahie| kyoMki jahA~ AdAna-Adeya sambandha hotA hai, vahA~ AdAtA bhI avazya hotA hai| ataH indriyoM aura viSayoM meM AdAna-Adeya sambandha hone se unake AdAtA AtmA kI sattA siddha hotI hai| 29. niSedha se AtmA kI siddhi-'AtmA (jIva) nahIM hai', isa kathana se bhI AtmA (jIva) kA astitva siddha ho jAtA hai| yadi AtmA kA sarvathA abhAva ho to 'AtmA nahIM hai', aisA prayoga sambhava nahIM hai| jaise-jagat meM yadi kahIM bhI ghar3A na to to 'ghar3A nahIM hai', aisA prayoga hI na hotaa| isI prakAra jIva (AtmA) kA sarvathA abhAva hotA to 'jIva nahIM hai', aisA prayoga nahIM hotaa| vAstava meM, jaba hama yaha kahate haiM ki 'ghaTa nahIM haiM", taba ghaTa hamAre sAmane na hokara bhI anyatra kahIM avazya vidyamAna hotA hai| isI prakAra 'AtmA nahIM hai' aisA kathana karane para yadi AtmA yahA~ nahIM to, anyatra kahIM usakA astitva mAnanA hI pdd'egaa| jo vastu sarvathA abhAvasvarUpa ho, usake viSaya meM niSedha bhI nahIM kiyA jaataa| ataH AtmA ke niSedha se AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai| isI prakAra "maiM nahIM hU~" aisI mAnasika kalpanA hI AtmA ke astitva ko siddha karatI hai, kyoMki AtmA na ho to aisI kalpanA hI prAdurbhUta na hotii| ataH jo niSedha kara rahA hai, vaha svayaM hI AtmA hai| brahma-sUtra zAMkarabhASya meM isI tathya kA samarthana kiyA hai ki jo jisakA nirAkartA (niSedha-katA) hai, vahI usakA svarUpa hai|' 1 (ka) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA. 1567 (kha) prameyakamalamArtaNDa pR. 113 2 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA. 1568 3. (ka) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA. 1573 (anuvAda) pR. 16 (kha) karmagrantha bhA. 1 prastAvanA (marudhara kesarI mizrImala jI ma.) pR. 30 (ga) 'ya eva hi nirAkartA tadeva hi tasya svarUpam' -brahmasUtra zA. bhASya 2/3/1/7 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA kA astitva : karma-astitva kA paricAyaka 21 30. ajIva ke pratipakSI ke rUpa meM jIva kI siddhi-saMsAra meM dekhA jAtA hai ki sabhI padArthoM kA koI na koI pratipakSI hotA hai| jaise-aghaTa kA pratipakSI ghtt| isI taraha ajIva kA pratipakSI koI na koI honA caahie| jahA~-jahA~ vyutpatti vAle zuddha padoM kA niSedha hotA hai, vahA~-vahA~ unake pratipakSI avazya hote haiN| jaise-aghaTa kahate hI 'ghaTa' rUpa vyutpatti vAle pada kA niSedha hotA hai, taba samajhanA cAhie ki 'aghaTa' kA pratipakSI 'ghaTa' avazya vidyamAna hai| isI prakAra 'ajIva' kahane se usake pratipakSI vyutpattiyukta zuddha jIva pada kA niSedha huA hai| ataH nizcita hai ki ajIva kA pratipakSI jIva avazya vidyamAna hai| isI prakAra jagat meM saba padArthoM kA koI na koI virodhI bhI avazya rahatA hai| jaise-andhakAra kA virodhI prakAza, zItalatA kI virodhI ussnntaa| isI prakAra jar3a padArtha kA virodhI bhI koI na koI padArtha honA caahie| yaha tarka- zuddha aura pramANita hai| ataH jo padArtha jar3a kA virodhI hai, vaha hai-cetana yA aatmaa| isa prakAra ajIva anAtmA (jar3a) ke virodhI tatva-jIva yA AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai|' 31. lokavyavahAra dvArA AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi-zarIra meM jaba taka jIva (AtmA) hotA hai, taba taka yaha vyavahAra hotA hai ki 'yaha jIvita hai, zarIra se jIva kA sambandha TUTa jAne para kahA jAtA hai-'jIva calA gayA, yaha mara gyaa|' isa prakAra loka vyavahAra meM bole jAne vAle vAkyoM meM 'jIva' pada ke dvArA zarIra se bhinna AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai| :: 32. zarIra jIva kA Azraya hai, svayaM jIva nahIM-jIva (AtmA) nirAzraya nahIM hai, vaha kisI na kisI Azraya meM rahatA hai| usakA vaha Azraya zarIra hai, kyoMki zarIra meM hI jIva kI upasthiti ke cihna (jJAnAdi) dikhAI dete haiN| zarIra svayaM jIva nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki zarIra acetana hone se usameM jJAnAdi guNa nahIM hote| zarIra ko hI jIva mAnA jAegA to uparyukta lokavyavahAra nahIM ho skegaa| 1 (ka) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1573 (anuvAda) pR. 16 (kha) karmagrantha bhA. 1 (ma. mi.) prastAvanA pR. 30 (ga) syAdvAda maMjarI kA. 17 (gha) SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA(guNaratna sUri) kA. 40 2 (ka) vizeSAvazyakabhASya (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1574 (anuvAda) pR. 18 . (kha) aSTasahasrI pR. 248 3 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1574 (anuvAda) pR. 18 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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22 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (6) 33. paryAyoM dvArA Atma dravya kI siddhi-jIva aura zarIra ke paryAya bhinna bhinna haiN| jIva ke paryAya haiM-jantu, prANI, satva, AtmA Adi; jabaki zarIra ke paryAya haiM-kAya, deha, vapu, tanu, kalevara aadi| paryAya-bheda hone para artha meM bhI bheda ho jAtA hai| yadi paryAya bheda hone para bhI artha meM abheda ho to saMsAra meM vastubheda ho hI nahIM sktaa| isalie zarIra kA sahacArI hone se kadAcit aupacArika rUpa se zarIra ko jIva kahA gayA ho, para vastutaH jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna haiN| aisA na ho to-'jIva to calA gayA, aba zarIra ko jalA do', yaha vyavahAra saMbhava nahIM hogaa| zarIra aura jIva ke lakSaNa bhI bhinna bhinna haiM, eka jar3a hai, dUsarA jJAnAdi yukta cetn| zarIra mUrta hone se usameM jJAnAdi guNa saMbhava nhiiN| cetanAdi paryAyoM kA jo dravya hai, vahI AtmA hai|' 34. paralokI ke rUpa meM AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi-mRtyu ke pazcAt zarIra ko to yahIM jalA diyA jAtA hai| zubhAzubhakarmoM ke prabhAva se paraloka jAne vAlA koI dUsarA tatva avazya hai| aura vaha hai-jIva (aatmaa)| AtmA (jIva) hI apane puNya-pApa-karmAnusAra paraloka meM jAtA hai| agara aisA na mAnA jAegA to saMsAra, bandha aura mokSa kI vyavasthA hI caupaTa ho jaaegii| 35. zarIraratha ke sArathI ke rUpa meM AtmA kI astitva-siddhi-jaise ratha kI calane vAlI viziSTa kriyA (pratikUla kA tyAga, anukUla kA grahaNa) sArathI ke prayatnapUrvaka hotI hai, usI prakAra zarIra kI vyavasthita, hitavarddhaka viziSTa kriyA bhI kisI ke prayatnapUrvaka hotI hai| jisake prayatna se yaha kriyA hotI hai, vahI AtmA hai| isa prakAra zarIra-ratha ke sArathI ke rUpa me AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai| isI prakAra jaise kaThaputaliyoM kI netrapalakoM kA khulanA aura baMda honA, kisI ke adhIna hotA hai, usI prakAra zarIra kI nimeSonmeSa Adi rUpa kriyAe~ bhI kisI cetana ke adhIna honI caahie| jisake adhIna nimeSonmeSa rUpa kriyAe~ hotI haiM, vahI AtmA hai|' isI prakAra zarIra ke niyaMtraka ke rUpa meM bhI AtmA kI siddhi hotI hai| jisa prakAra ratha kA saMcAlaka rathI hotA hai, usI kI preraNA evaM icchA se 1 (ka) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (gaNadhavAda), gA. 1575-76 (anuvAda) pR. 19 (kha) syAdvAda maMjarI kArikA 17 2 aSTasahasrI (AcArya vidyAnanda) pR. 248-49 3 syAdvAda maMjarI kA. 17 4 vahI, kA. 17 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA kA astitva : karma-astitva kA paricAyaka 23 ratha saMcAlita hotA hai, usI prakAra jIvita zarIra kA saMcAlaka, jisakI * preraNA evaM icchA se zarIra saMcAlita hotA hai, koI na koI honA caahie| jIvita zarIra kA vaha saMcAlaka (jJAnAdika guNamaya) AtmA hI hai / " 36. upAdAna kAraNa ke rUpa meM AtmA kI siddhi-jJAna, sukha, zakti Adi kAryoM kA koI na koI upAdAna kAraNa avazya hai, kyoMki ye kArya haiN| jo kArya hotA hai, usakA upAdAna kAraNa avazya hotA hai| jaise -ghaTa rUpa kArya kA upAdAna kAraNa miTTI hai; usI prakAra jJAna, sukha Adi kArya kA jo upAdAna kAraNa hai, vahI AtmA hai| 37. mana ke preraka ke rUpa meM AtmA tattva kI siddhi-niyata kAryoM kI ora mana kI pravRtti ko dekhate hue siddha hotA hai, koI usakA preraka tattva avazya hai| mana ko jo prerita karatA hai, vahI AtmA hai| ' 38. Agama pramANa se AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi - sarvajJa Apta puruSoM dvArA praNIta yA upadiSTa vacana Agama kahalAtA hai| Apta puruSa sarvajJa evaM sarvasaMzayocchedaka tathA satyavAdI hotA hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai - sabhI dizAoM aura anudizAoM se jo anusaMcaraNa karatA hai, vahI maiM (AtmA) huuN| AcArya vidyAnanda ne Agama se AtmA kI sattA yoM siddha kI hai-Apta praNIta Agama se bhI jIva hai, yaha bhalIbhAMti siddha ho jAtA hai|" 39. arthApatti pramANa se AtmA kI astitva-siddhi - syAdvAdasiddhi meM batAyA gayA hai ki dharmAdi kArya kI siddhi hone se unakA karttA bhI siddha hotA hai| dharmAdi se sukha- rUpa pariNAma (anubhava) dikhAI dete haiM, isalie dharmAdi kA koI' karttA avazya honA caahie| dharmAdi kA karttA AtmA hai| isa prakAra AtmA kI siddhi hotI hai| vibhinna darzanoM meM Atma- astitva kI siddhi . sAMkhya darzana dvArA AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi 'sAMkhyakArikA meM AtmA ke svataMtra astitva ke lie pAMca yuktiyA~ prastuta kI gaI hai - (1) prakRti aura usake samasta kArya saMghAtarUpa hone se 1 nyAya - kumudacandra ( A. prabhAcandra) pR. 349 .2 (ka) nyAyakumudacandra pR. 649, (kha) SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA pR. 228 3 syAdvAda - maMjarI kA. 17. 4 (ka) satya - zAsana - parIkSA pR. 18 (kha) AcArAMga 1/4 (ga) gaNadharavAda gA. 1577 5 dharmAdikArya siddhezca, tatkartA cA'pi siddhayati / kAryaM hi kartR-sApekSaM, taddharmAdi-sukhAvaham // ityarthApataH siddhaH sa AtmA paralokabhAk // - syAdvAdasiddhi (vAdIbhasiMha) kA. 9-10 For Personal & Private Use Only

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24 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) jisa (dUsare) ke lie haiM, vaha puruSa (AtmA) hai (2) jo sattva, raja, tama, tInoM guNoM se bhinna hotA hai, vaha puruSa hai, (3) buddhi-ahaMkArAdi kA adhiSThAtA puruSa hai, (4) buddhi Adi dRzya padArthoM kA jo dRSTA (bhoktA) hai, vahI puruSa hai| (5) kaivalya (mokSa) ke lie pravRtti manuSyoM meM hone se siddha hai ki prakRti Adi se bhinna puruSa kA astitva hai / ' nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM AtmA kI siddhi nyAya aura vaizeSika darzana meM isa prakAra ke anumAna pramANa dvArA AtmA kA astitva siddha kiyA hai ki prANApAna, nimeSonmeSa, jIvana, indriyAntara-vikAra, icchA, dveSa, jJAna, saMkalpa Adi liMgoM (hetuoM) se liMgI (sAdhya) AtmA kI sattA siddha hotI hai| mImAMsAdarzana meM AtmA kI astitva siddhi mImAMsAdarzana ke puraskartAoM ne do yuktiyoM dvArA AtmA kA astitva siddha kiyA hai-(1) yajJa eka karma hai| karma kA kartA aura phala bhoktA koI na koI avazya hotA hai| ataH karmoM kA karane vAlA aura unakA phala bhogane vAlA zarIrAdi se bhinna AtmA nAmaka svataMtra tattva hai| (2zabara svAmI ne mAnasa pratyakSa ke dvArA AtmA kA astitva siddha kiyA hai| . advaita-vedAnta darzana dvArA AtmA kI siddhi vedAnta darzana meM AtmA kA astitva svataHsiddha mAnA gayA hai| AtmA svayaM apanA anubhava karatA hai, ki maiM hU~, aadi| yadi AtmA ko jJAtA aura anubhavakartA nahIM mAnA jAegA to use kisI bhI jJeyaM viSaya kA jJAna nahIM ho skegaa| ataH jJAtA evaM anubhava kartA ke rUpa meM AtmA kA astitva svayaMsiddha hai| dUsarI bAta-"sabhI ko apanI (AtmA kI) sattA kI pratIti hotI hai, kisI ko yaha pratIti nahIM hotI ki maiM (AtmA) nahIM huuN|" isa prakAra AtmA kI sattA svapratIti se siddha hai|' cArvAka Adi dvArA AtmA ke svataMtra astitva kA niSedha usa yuga meM anAtmavAdI cArvAka Adi yaha nahIM kahate the ki AtmA kA sarvathA abhAva hai| unakI mAnyatA kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki jagat ke -sAMkhyakArikA 11 1 saMghAtaparArthatvAt triguNAdi vipryyaaddhisstthaanaat| puruSo'sti bhoktRbhAvAt kaivalyArtha prvRtteshc| 2 (ka) nyAyasUtra 3/1/10 (kha) vaizeSika sUtra 3/2/4-13 3 brahmasUtra zAMkarabhASya 1/1/5 pR. 14 4 (ka) brahmasUtra zAMkarabhASya 2/3/7 (kha) sarvohyAtmA'stitvaM pratyeti, na nA'hamasmIti / - vahI, 1/1/10 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA kA astitva : karma-astitva kA paricAyaka 25 mUlabhUta eka yA aneka jitane bhI tattva haiM, unameM AtmA nAma kA koI svataMtra tattva nahIM hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to unake mata meM AtmA koI maulika tattva nahIM hai| cAra bhUtoM yA paMcamahAbhUtoM ke yathAyogya mizraNa se indriyoM Adi meM svataH cetanA sphurita ho jAtI hai| usa cetanA ko ve zarIra-sambaddha yA zarIragata cetanA mAnate haiN| vividha indriyoM dvArA apaneapane viSayoM kA grahaNa aura jJAna hotA hai, vaha saba ve usI cetanA kI badaulata mAnate haiN| AtmA ke pRthak svataMtra astitva ke sambandha meM vivAda ataH nyAyavArtikakAra ke anusAra AtmA ke astitva ke viSaya meM sAmAnyatayA vivAda nahIM hai, vivAda hai - AtmA ke svataMtra astitva ke viSaya meM / ' jaise ki cArvAka cAra bhUtoM se utpanna caitanya vizeSa ko hI AtmA mAnate the aura zarIra ke vinAza ke sAtha hI usakA vinAza mAnate the / tajjIva- taccharIravAdI zarIra ko hI AtmA (jIva ) kahate the| isI prakAra koI dArzanika indriya ko, koI mana ko, koI buddhi ko aura koI saMghAta ko' AtmA mAnatA thaa| koI AtmA ko 'aNu' kahatA thaa| jaba taka vaicArika zakti kA samucita vikAsa nahIM huA thA, taba taka usa yuga ke sAmAnya cintakoM kI dRSTi bAhya viSayoM - indriyagrAhya tattvoM ko hI maulika tattva mAnatI rhii| yahI kAraNa hai ki upaniSadoM meM aise aneka vicArakoM kA cintana milatA hai, jinhoMne jala athavA vAyu' jaise indriyagrAhya bhUta tattvoM ke hI vizva ke mUla tattva mAne / AtmA jaise kisI adRzya padArtha ko mUla tattvoM meM sthAna nahIM diyaa| jaba vicAra zakti kA samucita vikAsa huA, taba kucha vicArakoM kI dRSTi bAhya tattvoM se haTakara AtmAbhimukha huI, taba ve vizva ke mUla ko apane antar meM hI khojane lge| ve aba prANa, mana, vijJAna aura Ananda ko maulika mAnane lge| isa prakAra Atma-vicAraNA kI utkrAnti karate-karate unhoMne brahma yA AtmAdvaita taka pragati kI / kitane hI Adhunika vidvAnoM kA mantavya hai ki - AcArAMga sUtra meM ke lie prayukta prANa, bhUta, sattva Adi zabda isI Atma-vicAraNA kI utkrAnti ke sUcaka kahe jA sakate haiN| 5 1 dekhiye - gaNadharavAda (prastAvanA) (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) pR. 74 2 nyAyavArtika pR. 366 * 3 (ka) bRhadAraNyaka 5/5/1, (kha) chAndogya upaniSad 4/3 4 chAndogya upaniSad 1/11/5, 4/3/3, 3/1/5/4 5 savvesiM pANANaM savvesiM bhUyANaM savvesiM jIvANaM savvesiM sattANaM assAyaM apariNivvANaM mahabbhayaM dukkhaM / - AcArAMga zru. 1 a. 1 u. 6 For Personal & Private Use Only

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26 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) advaitavAdI paramparA bhI AtmAko prati vyakti bhinna nahIM mAnatI isake pazcAt vedAnta-dhArA meM anAtmAdvaita, AtmAdvaita Adi mAnyatAoM kA vikAsa huaa| prAcIna jainAgama, bauddha tripiTaka, sAMkhyadarzana Adi bhI isa tathya ke sAkSI haiM ki usa yuga meM dArzanika vicArakoM kI isa advaitadhArA ke samAnAntara dvaitadhArA bhI pracalita thii| ve jar3a aura cetana ko, brahma aura mAyA ko, puruSa aura prakRti ko eka nahIM mAnate the| ve mAnate the ki cetana aura acetana athavA jIva aura ajIva yA AtmA aura anAtmA (AtmabAhya padArtha) athavA nAma aura rUpa donoM eka nahIM, pRthak-pRthak haiN| inakA svabhAva, inake guNa pRthak-pRthak haiN| inake lakSaNo meM rAta aura dina kA antara hai| ataH AtmA (jIva) eka svataMtra padArtha hai, vaha sacetana hai, amUrta. hai, jabaki ajIva (jaMr3a yA pudgala) acetana hai, jar3a hai, mUrta hai| donoM paraspara virodhI tatva haiN| isake atirikta dvaitaparamparA meM eka cetana aura dUsarA usakA virodhI acetana (jar3a) yoM do tattva mAne gae, kintu cetana tattva se unhoMne jagata ke samasta cetanAzIla AtmAoM ko, tathA acetana tatva se jagat ke samagra jar3a padArthoM ko eka meM hI samAviSTa kara liyaa| yaha jaina aura sAMkhya darzana se viparIta hai, kyoMki ina donoM ke mata meM vyaktibheda se cetana bhI aneka haiM aura acetana padArtha bhI aneka haiN| nyAya aura vaizeSika darzana bhI isa mAnyatA ke samarthaka haiN|' svataMtra AtmavAdiyoM kI vicAraNA kahanA cAhie ki isa bahuvAdI dvaita vicAradhArA ke samarthaka jitane bhI darzana haiM, ve svataMtra AtmavAdI haiN| arthAt-ve AtmA ko acetana padArtha se bhinna svataMtra tattva mAnate haiN| inheM hI AtmA ke svataMtra astitva ko mAnane vAle kahanA caahie| unhoMne AtmA ko indriya, prANa, mana, buddhi, 1 (ka) sUtrakRtAMga 1/1/1/7-8 (kha) brahmajAla sUtra (ga) anno jIvo, annaM sarIraM / -sUtrakRtAMga 2/1/9, 2/1/10 2 bRhadAraNyaka 1/5/21 3 bRhadAraNyaka 1/5/22/-23 4 (ka) nyAyasUtra 3/1/16 (kha) nyAyavArtika pR. 336 (ga) anyo'ntarAtmA manomayaH / - taittirIyaupaniSad 2/3 (gha) tejobindu upaniSad meM mana ko hI jIva, saMkalpa, kAla, jagat Adi mAnA gayA hai| -5/98/104 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA kA astitva : karma-astitva kA paricAyaka prajJAna,' Ananda Adi se para, ina sabase bhinna svayaM sva para prakAzaka, * jJAnamaya, Anandamaya, anantazaktimaya mAnA / bahuta hI saMkSepa meM yadi hama kahanA cAheM to yaha kaha sakate haiM ki AtmA ke sambandha meM dArzanika vividha dRSTiyoM se cintana karate rahe haiN| zvetAzvataropaniSad meM bhUtacaitanyavAda kA ullekha hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM bhUtacaitanyavAda kA varNana kiyA hai jo 5 bhUtoM se jIva utpanna huA mAnate the| ajitakezakambalI kA abhimata thA ki cAra bhUtoM se hI puruSa utpanna hotA hai| isa mata se milatA-julatA tajjIvataccharIravAda thA / para ve donoM pRthaka the aisA paM. sukhalAla jI prabhRti vijJoM kA abhimata rahA hai| chandogyopaniSad meM eka samvAda hai / usameM batAyA hai- deha hI AtmA hai| isa vicAra-dhArA para jaba cintana Age bar3hA to dUsarI sthiti meM prANa ko AtmA mAnA gyaa| usake pazcAt manomaya AtmA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gyaa| jaba cintakoM kA cintana mana ke pazcAt Age bar3hA to unhoMne prajJA ko AtmA kahA / indriyAM aura mana ye donoM prajJA ke abhAva meM akiMcitkara haiN| indriyoM aura mana se prajJA kA adhika mahatva hai| aitareya meM prajJA aura prajJAna ko eka mAnA hai aura vahA~ para prajJA ke paryAya ke rUpa meM vijJAna zabda vyavaharita huA hai| vijJAna, prajJA, prajJAna ye sabhI zabda ekArthaka haiM isI dRSTi se AtmA ko vijJAna AtmA, prajJAtmA aura prajJAnAtmA kahA gayA hai| mana ko kitane hI dArzanika, bhautika aura kitane hI dArzanika abhautika mAnate haiN| jaba AtmA ko vijJAna kI saMjJA dI gaI taba Atma-cintana ke kSetra meM eka navIna parivartana huA aura vaha yaha thA ki AtmA eka abhautika tatva hai, vaha cetana hai ataH indriyoM ke viSayoM kA nahIM, apitu indriyoM ke viSaya ke jJAtA prajJAtmA kA dhyAna karanA caahie| kauSItakI upaniSad meM isIlie RSiyoM ne kahA- "mana kA jJAna Avazyaka nahIM para manana karane vAle kA jJAna Avazyaka hai / " indriya Adi sAdhanoM se para jo prajJAtmA hai, use jAnanA caahie| kauSItakI upaniSad meM samasta indriyA~ aura mana ko prajJA meM pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| jaise mAnava supta yA mRtAvasthA meM hotA hai, usa samaya indriyA~ prANa rUpa prajJA meM antarhita ho 1 (ka) 'prajJAnaM brahma' - aitareyopaniSada 3/2, (kha) 'prANo'smi prajJAtmA / -kauSItakI upa. 3 / 2-3 (ga) chAndogya 8 / 11, vRhadAraNyaka 1/15/20 2 (ka) kainopaniSad 1/2, 1/4 - 6 (kha) taittirIya 2-6 ( ga ) sarvatyetad brahma, mANDUkya 2 ayAmAtmA brahmA 3 nANaM ca daMsaNa ceva caritaM ca tavo tahA / vIriya uvaogo eyaM jIvassa lakkhaNaM // 27 For Personal & Private Use Only - uttarAdhyayana 28/11

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28 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) jAtI haiM ataH unheM kisI bhI prakAra kA jJAna nahIM hotaa| jaba mAnava nIMda se jAgatA hai yA phira se janma letA hai taba jaise cinagArI se agni pragaTa hotI hai vaise hI prajJA se indriyA~ bAhara AtI haiM aura mAnava ko jJAna hone lagatA hai| indriyA~ prajJA ke eka aMza ke sadRza haiM, ataH prajJA ke abhAva meM vaha kArya nahIM kara sktiiN| ataH indriyA~ aura mana se bhinna prajJAtmA kA jJAna prApta karanA caahie| __ kaThopaniSada meM eka ke pazcAt dvitIya zreSThatara tattvoM kI parigaNanA kI gii| vahA~ para mana se buddhi, buddhi se mahat, mahat se avyakta prakRti aura prakRti se puruSa ko uttarottara ucca mAnA hai| isase yaha siddha hotA haiM ki vijJAna kisI cetana padArtha kA dharma nahIM apitu acetana prakRti kA hI dharma hai| isa mata ko dekhate hue vijJAnAtmA kI zodha pUrNa hone para AtmA pUrNataH cetana svarUpa hai-yaha siddha ho gyaa| usake pazcAt Ananda kI parAkASThA AtmA meM hai isalie AnandAtmA kI kalpanA kI gii| jaba cintana ke caraNa Age bar3he taba cintakoM ne kahA-annamaya AtmA jise zarIra bhI kahA jAtA hai, ratha ke samAna hai, use calAne vAlA rathI hI vAstavika AtmA hai| AtmA ke abhAva meM zarIra kucha bhI nahIM kara sktaa| zarIra aura AtmA ye donoM alaga-alaga tatva haiN| kenopaniSad meM AtmA ko indriya aura mana se bhinna maanaa| jaise vijJAnAtmA kI antarAtmA AnandAtmA hai vaise AnandAtmA kI antarAtmA sadarUpa brahma hai| taittirIya upaniSad meM vijJAna aura Ananda se bhI alaga brahma kI kalpanA kI gii| mANDUkya upaniSad meM brahma aura AtmA ye donoM alaga-alaga tattva nahIM, apitu eka hI tattva ke pRthaka-pRthaka nAma haiN| saMkSipta meM sAra yaha hai ki cintakoM ne pahale bhautika tatva ko AtmA maanaa| usake pazcAt unhoMne abhautika Atma tattva ko svIkAra kiyaa| yaha abhautika Atma tattva indriyagrAhya na hokara atIndriya thaa| kaThopaniSad meM naciketA Atma tattva ko jAnane ke lie atyadhika utsuka hai| vaha svarga ke sukhoM ko bhI tilAMjali de detA hai| maitreyI Atma-vidyA ko jAnane ke lie pati kI virAT sampatti ko ThukarA detI hai| yAjJavalkya kahatA hai ki pati-patnI, putra, dhana, pazu ye sabhI vastue~ AtmA ke nimitta se haiM ? ataH AtmA ko dekhanA caahie| usI kA cintana-manana karanA caahie| isa prakAra AtmA ke sambandha meM jina vividha vicAroM kA vikAsa huA, unakA saMkalana upaniSad sAhitya meM huA hai| upaniSadoM kI racanA ke pUrva avaidika paramparA bhArata meM vidyamAna thii| aura vaha bahuta hI vikasita avasthA meM thii| vaha avaidika paramparA zramaNa paramparA thii| usI se vaidika paramparA ne AdhyAtmika mArga ko grahaNa kiyA thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA kA astitva : karma- astitva kA paricAyaka 29 AtmA ke svataMtra astitva kA svarUpa jina dArzanikoM ne AtmA kA svataMtra astitva mAnA, unhoMne AtmA (puruSa yA cidAtmA) ko ajara, amara, akSaya, amRta, avyaya, ajanmA, nitya, dhruva, zAzvata aura ananta (avinAzI) mAnA' / sAtha hI usakA lakSaNa bhI kaThopaniSad meM batAyA gayA ki vaha azabda, arUpa, avyaya, arasa, nitya, agandhavat, anAdi - ananta, tathA mahattattva se para, evaM dhruva hai / aisI AtmA kA jJAna prApta kara manuSya mRtyu ke mukha se mukta ho jAtA hai| AcArAMga Adi jainAgamoM meM bhI AtmA kA nizcaya dRSTi se isI prakAra kA varNana kiyA hai| sAtha hI vijJAna ko AtmA aura AtmA ko vijJAna kahA hai| 2 AtmA kA yaha svarUpa- kathana nizcaya dRSTi se kiyA hai| jainadarzana AtmA ko kUTastha - nitya nahIM maantaa| kUTastha - nitya mAnane para to AtmA zarIra, mana, vacana Adi kI ceSTA nahIM kara sakatA, na hI koI kriyA kara sakatA hai, na paraloka meM vividha gatiyoM, yoniyoM Adi meM paribhramaNa kara sakatA hai| isalie jaina darzana AtmA ko pariNAmInitya mAnatA hai| vyavahAradRSTi se 'dravyasaMgraha' meM AtmA kA spaSTa svarUpa isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai- "jIva (AtmA) upayogamaya hai, amUrta (arUpI) hai, karttA hai, svadehaparimANa hai, prativyakti bhinna hai, bhoktA hai, svabhAva se Urdhva-gamana karatA hai, tathA saMsArI evaM siddha (do prakAra kA) hai|" 'pramANanayatattvAloka' meM ise pramAtA pratyakSAdi siddha, caitanyasvarUpa, pariNAmI - nitya, kartA, sAkSAt bhoktA, svadeha - parimANa, pratikSetra bhinna, paudgalika, adRSTavAn AtmA batAyA gayA hai / 4 1 (ka) ajo nityaH zAzvato'yaM purANo ........| (kha) kaThopaniSad 3/2 (ga) jIvA aNAinidhano aviNAsI akkhao dhuvo NicvaM / (gha) .. dhuve Nitie sAsae akkhae avva avaTThie Nicce / - bhagavadgItA 2/20 - bhagavatIsUtra * sthAnAMga sUtra 5/3/530 2 (ka) kaThopaniSad 1/3/15 (kha.)......jIvatyikAe ....avaNNe, agaMdhe, arase, aphAse jAva arUvI / ' - bhagavatIsUtra 20/10, tathA sthAnAMgasUtra 5/3/530, AcArAMga 1/5/6 tathA 1/5/6/596 13 jIvo uvaogamao amutti kattA sadeha parimANo / bhottA saMsAratyo siddho so vissasoDDhagaI / / - dravyasaMgraha gA. 2 4 pramAtA pratyakSAdi prasiddha AtmA / caitanyasvarUpaH pariNAmI karttA sAkSAdbhoktA svadehaparimANa pratikSetra bhinnaH paudglikaa'dRssttvaaNshcaaym||" -pramANanayatattvAloka 7/55-56 : For Personal & Private Use Only

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30 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) AtmA amUrta hone se usameM varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza ye cAra pudgala (jar3a) ke dharma nahIM pAye jaate| phira bhI zarIra se isakA saMyoga-saMbaMdha hone se vaha jIva ke apane-apane choTe-bar3e zarIra ke parimANa ke anusAra choTA-bar3A-saMkoca-vistAravAlA-ho jAtA hai| isakA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra hai-jainadarzana saMsArI AtmA ko kathaMcit mUrta tathA asaMkhyAta pradeza vAlA mAnatA hai| cUMki usakA (saMsArI jIva kA) anAdikAla se kArmaNa (sUkSmatara) zarIra se sambandha hai| ataH karmodaya se prApta zarIra ke AkAra ke anusAra choTe-bar3e AkAra ko dhAraNa kara letA hai| AtmA kA asAdhAraNa guNa : caitanya jIva (AtmA) kA sAmAnya lakSaNa caitanya yA upayoga hai| yahI jIva (AtmA) kA asAdhAraNa guNa hai, jisase vaha tamAma jar3a (ajIva) dravyoM se apanA pRthak astitva rakhatA hai|' AtmA ko sarvavyApI evaM ekAnta amUrta mAnanA bhI ThIka nahIM. vaidika darzanoM meM AtmA ko amUrta aura vyApaka mAnA gayA hai| unakA kathana hai ki vyApaka hone para bhI zarIra aura mana se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa zarIrAvacchinna (zarIra ke bhItara ke) Atma pradezoM meM jJAnAdi-vizeSa guNoM kI utpatti hotI hai| amUrta hone se AtmA niSkriya hai, jo bhI gati hotI hai, vaha zarIra aura mana ke calane se hotI hai tathA apane se sambaddha AtmapradezoM meM jJAnAdi kI anubhUti hotI rahatI hai|"2 / AtmA ko isa prakAra sarvavyApI mAnane se saba AtmAoM kA sabake zarIroM ke sAtha sambandha ho jAne se eka ke zubha yA azubha karma kA phala sabako bhoganA par3egA, isa prakAra karmoM evaM karmaphaloM kA paraspara mizraNa ho jaaegaa| phira apane-apane sukha -duHkha, unnati- avanati, zreya-preya, bhogatyAga kA niyama nahIM rhegaa| pratyeka jIva ke karma yA adRSTa kA sambandha usakI AtmA ke samAna zeSa anya AtmAoM ke sAtha ho jaaegaa| vyApaka 1 (ka) guNao uvaogaguNo / -sthAnAMga 5/3/530 (kha) upayogo lakSaNam / / -tatvArtha. 2/8 (ga) jIvo uvoglkssnno| - uttarA. 28/10 (gha) uvaogalakkhaNe jiive|' -bhagavatI 2/10 (Ga) nANaM ca dasaNaM ceva, carittaM ca tavo tahA / vIriyaM uvaogo ya, eyaM jIvassa lakkhaNaM / -uttarAdhyayana sUtra 28/11 2 (ka) sarvavyApinamAtmAnam / -zvetAzvataropaniSad 1/16 (kha) 'amUrtazcetano bhogI, nityaH sarvagato'kriyaH / . akartA nirguNaH sUkSmaH AtmA kapiladarzane // ' -SaDdarzanasamuccaya For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA kA astitva : karma-astitva kA paricAyaka 31 kI mAnyatA meM eka ke bhojana karane para dUsare kI tRpti, eka ke zayana karane para sabakA zayana, eka kI mukti hone para sabakI mukti honI cAhie, isa taraha samasta vyavahAroM kA bhI sAMkarya ho jaaegaa| mana aura zarIra kI pRthaktoM se bhI vyavasthA biThAnA duSkara hai| sabase bar3A doSa to isameM yaha hai ki jIvoM ke saMsAra aura mokSa kI vyavasthAe~, karmabandha aura karmamokSa yA karmakSaya kI sArI vyavasthAe~ asta-vyasta ho jaaeNgii| isalie pratyeka saMsArI prANI ke zarIra ke bAhara AtmA kI sattA siddha nahIM ho sktii| Station upaniSad meM AtmA ko zarIravyApI batAte hue kahA gayA hai - jisa prakAra talavAra apanI myAna meM aura agni apane kuNDa meM hI vyApta hotI hai, usI prakAra AtmA zarIra meM nakha se lekara zikhA taka vyApta hai / taittirIya upaniSad meM annamaya, prANamaya, manomaya, vijJAnamaya aura Anandamaya, ina saba AtmAoM ko zarIra pramANa batAyA gayA hai| ' AtmA ke jJAnAdi guNa, guNI (AtmA) ke sAtha hI raheMge yaha niyama hai ki jahA~ guNa hoMge, vahIM guNI rhegaa| jaba AtmA ke jJAnAdi guNa zarIra ke bAhara upalabdha nahIM hoMge, taba guNI AtmA apane guNoM ke binA vahA~ (zarIra ke bAhara) kaise rahegA ? phira eka akhaNDa AtmA (jIva) dravya kucha bhAgoM meM saguNa aura kucha bhAgoM meM nirguNa kaise raha pAegA? AtmA ke sarvavyApitva kA khaNDana gaNadharavAda meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA indrabhUti gautama ke samAdhAna ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki jaise-ghaTa ke guNa ghaTa se bAhyadeza meM upalabdha nahIM hote, ataH vaha vyApaka nahIM; isI prakAra AtmA ke guNa bhI zarIra se bAhara upalabdha nahIM hote, ataH vaha zarIra pramANa hI hai / athavA jahA~ jisakI 'upalabdhi pramANasiddha nahIM hotI, yAnI jo jahA~ pramANa dvArA anupalabdha hai, vahA~ usakA abhAva mAnanA caahie| jaise- bhinnasvarUpa ghaTa meM paTa kA abhAva hai| zarIra se bAhara saMsArI AtmA kI anupalabdhi hai, ataH zarIra se bAhara usakA bhI abhAva mAnanA caahie| ataH jIva meM kartRtva, bhoktRtva, baMdha, mokSa, sukha-duHkha evaM saMsAra, ye saba tabhI yuktisaMgata hote haiM, jaba use aneka aura dehavyApI mAnA jaae| 1 (ka) kauSItakI upaniSad 4 / 20 (kha) taittirIya upaniSad 1 / 2 2 (ka) jainadarzana ( DaoN. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya) pR. 144 (kha) guNadharavAda gA. 1587 (sAnuvAda) pR. 23 . For Personal & Private Use Only

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32 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) ataH jaina darzana kI dRSTi se pratyeka AtmA sva-sva-zarIra-vyApI haizarIra pramANa hai, na usase kama hai aura na usase adhik| AtmA meM sikur3ane aura phailane kA guNa hotA hai| isalie vaha (saMsArI AtmA) apane karmodaya ke phalasvarUpa prApta zarIra ke pramANa vAlI ho jAtI hai| jisa prakAra dIpaka ko eka choTI-sI koTharI meM rakhane para usakA prakAza usa koTharI taka hI sImita rahatA hai, kintu jaba usI dIpaka ko eka bar3e haoNla meM rakha diyA jAtA hai to usakA prakAza usa bar3e haoNla meM phaila jAtA hai| isI prakAra AtmA bhI cIMTI aura hAthI ke zarIra meM unake zarIra pramANa : saMkucita-vikasita ho jAtI hai|' Adhunika vaijJAnikoM dvArA svataMtra-AtmA mAnya yadyapi adhikAMza pAzcAtya bhautika vaijJAnika AtmA. ko svataMtra tattva nahIM mAnate, kaI usa viSaya meM zaMkAzIla haiN| phira bhI kaI aise dhurandhara bhautika vijJAnI haiM, jinhoMne apanA samagra jIvana bhautika cintana meM vyatIta kiyA, kintu antatogatvA unhoMne yaha mAnA aura siddha karake batAyA ki bhautika tattvoM se para eka Atma tattva bhI hai, jisakI samAnatA bhautika tattva nahIM kara skte| vaijJAnika jagat meM sara oNlIvara laoNja aura lArDa kelavina isa cintana meM agraNI haiN| ye donoM vaijJAnika vidvAna cetana tattva ko jar3a tattva se pRthak mAnate haiN| itanA hI nahIM, unhoMne jar3avAdiyoM kI yuktiyoM kA nirAkaraNa apanI prabala yuktiyoM aura anubhUtiyoM ke AdhAra para kiyA hai| unakA mantavya hai ki AtmA (cetana) kA svataMtra pRthak astitva svIkAre binA bhautika tattvoM se cetanAzIla jIvoM ke deha kI viziSTa evaM vilakSaNa racanA ho hI nahIM sktii| ve mastiSka ko jJAna kA mUla utpattisrota na mAnakara AtmA ko hI jJAna kA mUlasrota samajhate the| usI se indriya, mana, buddhi Adi sAdhanoM (karaNoM) ke mAdhyama se jJAnAdi kI abhivyakti mAnate the| jaiva-vaijJAnikoM dvArA AtmA kA svataMtra astitva siddha vizva-vikhyAta jIva vaijJAnika DaoN. jagadIzacandra vasu ne to vanaspati Adi ekendriya evaM suSuptacetanAzIla jIvoM ke zarIra meM bhI cetanA (AtmA) ke lakSaNa pratyakSa siddha karake batA diye haiN| apane AviSkAroM se unhoMne samagra vaijJAnika-jagat ko AtmA nAmaka svataMtra evaM jar3atattva se pRthak tattva mAnane ke lie bAdhya kara diyA hai| manovaijJAnika bhI AtmA kI svataMtra evaM zAzvata sattA se sahamata manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa bhI AtmA ke astitva ko svataMtra rUpa se siddha karate haiN| cetanA svayaM isa tathya ko kadApi svIkAra nahIM karegI ki 1 karmagrantha bhA. 1 prastAvanA se sAra-saMkSepa sAbhAra uddhRta / 2 vahI, prastAvanA pa. 32 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA kA astitva : karma-astitva kA paricAyaka 33 mukti meM yA mRtyu ke pazcAt yA anya kisI sthiti meM cetanA kisI bhI samaya samApta ho jaaegii| yaha svataH pramANa manovijJAna ko yaha mAnane ke lie bAdhya karatA hai ki jIva-cetanA (AtmA) kI svataMtra sattA hai|" bhautika vijJAna dvArA bhI AtmA kA svataMtra astitva asvIkRta nahIM bhautika vijJAna 'maiTara' kA vizleSaNa kula 92 tattvoM (elImeMTsa) ke AdhAra para karatA hai| tattvoM kI bhinnatA unake pRthak-pRthak guNa karmoM ke AdhAra para kI jAtI hai| ina tattvoM (Elements) meM kisI meM bhI cetanA guNa nahIM pAyA jaataa| aisI sthiti meM cetanA (AtmA) ko eka svataMtra sattA svIkAra karane ke sivAya koI cArA nahIM raha jaataa| bhale hI vaha (AtmA) amuka zarIra meM amuka stara kI ho, para hai vaha svataMtra hii| cetanA ke stara kA zarIra tathA anya aMgopAMga, indriya Adi kA milanA usa-usa prANI ke pUrvakRta karma para nirbhara hai| cetanA ke stara kA zarIra milanA athavA zarIra ke stara kI cetanA prApta honA, isa vivAda meM mukhya aura gauNa hone kA matabheda hai, kintu cetanA (AtmA) ke svataMtra astitva kI asvIkRti nahIM hai| mRtAtmAoM kI halacaloM ke jo prAmANika vivaraNa samaya-samaya para milate rahate haiM aura pichale janmoM kI yathArtha smRti kI prAmANika ghaTanAe~ pratyakSa paricaya meM itanI adhika saMkhyA meM A gaI haiM ki cetanA ke svataMtra astitva se inkAra karane kI pichalI pIDhI ke vaijJAnikoM kI bAta anAyAsa hI nirasta ho jAtI hai| ... phira padArthavijJAnI yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki kisI bhI tattva (elImeMTa) ke 'mUlabhUta guNadharma ko badalA nahIM jA sktaa| unake sammizraNa se padArthoM kI zakla badalI jA sakatI hai, arthAt ve apane mUlarUpa meM bane rahakara anya prakAra kI zakla yA sthiti to banA sakate haiM, para raheMge tajjAtIya hii| yAnI do prakAra kI gandhe milakara tIsare prakAra kI gandha bana sakatI hai, do prakAra ke svAda mila kara tIsare prakAra kA svAda bana sakatA hai, para ve raheMge gandha yA svAda hI, ve rUpa yA raMga nahIM bana skte| arthAt raMga ko gandha meM, gandha ko svAda meM, svAda (rasa) ko rUpa meM, athavA rUpa ko sparza meM nahIM badalA jA sktaa| - isI siddhAnta ke anusAra padArthavijJAna dvArA mAnya 92 tattva jar3a haiM, ve cetana nahIM bana sakate, na hI cetana ke rUpa meM badala sakate haiM, aura na jar3a se cetanA utpanna ho sakatI hai| jar3a aura cetana donoM svataMtra tattva haiN| donoM kA saMyoga hone para bhI donoM ke mUlabhUta guNa-dharma pRthak-pRthak rheNge| . isI prakAra mastiSka ko saMvedanA kA AdhAra to mAnA jA sakatA hai, para usake kaNa apane Apa meM saMvedanazIla nahIM haiN| yadi hote to 1 akhaNDa jyoti, maI 1976, pR. 4 se sAra-saMkSepa / 2 akhaNDa jyoti, maI 1976, pR. 3-4 se sAbhAra uddhRta sAra saMkSepa / For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma - vijJAna : karma kA astitva ( 1 ) maraNoparAnta bhI anubhUtiyA~ evaM saMvedana karate rhte| dhvani yA prakAza ke kampana jar3a haiM, mastiSkIya aNu bhI jar3a haiN| donoM ke milana se jo vibhinna prakAra kI anubhUtiyA~ hotI haiM, unameM (jar3a) padArthoM (maiTara) ko unakA kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| vicArahIna- saMvedanAhIna paramANu saMvedanazIla bana. sakeM, aisA koI AdhAra abhI taka nahIM khojA jA sakA hai| isake lie cetanA (AtmA) kI svataMtra sattA svIkAra kiye binA, AtmA ke binA unameM cetanA kI utpatti siddha karane ke lie, jitane tarka pichale dinoM diye jAte rahe, ve saba aba kramazaH apanI tejasvitA kho cuke haiN| 'amuka rasAyanoM yA paramANuoM ke milane se cetanA kI utpatti hotI hai, aura unake bichur3ane se smaapti|' yaha tarka prArambha meM bahuta AkarSaka pratIta huA thA, aura cAvaki Adi nAstika - vAdiyoM ne jIva ko isI rUpa meM batAyA thA, parantu 'mUla tattva apane guNa dharma yA prakRti ko nahIM badala sakatA, isa prakAra ke apane hI mata - pratipAdana se apanA hI khaNDana ho rahA hai| kisI parakhanalI meM cetana jIvANuoM kI sahAyatA ke binA kevala rAsAyanika padArthoM kI sahAyatA se jIvana utpanna kara sakanA sambhava nahIM huA hai| isase yaha nizcita hai ki jar3a padArthoM se cetanA kI utpatti kathamapi sambhava nahIM hai| vaha svataMtra tattva hai| 34 "harSa, zoka, krodha, ahaMkAra, rAga, dveSa, moha, AzA, nirAzA, prema, sukha-duHkhAnubhava Adi vibhinna saMvedanAe~ kina paramANuoM ke milane se kisa prakAra utpanna ho sakatI haiM ?" isa viSaya meM bhautika vijJAna sarvathA niruttara hai| "snAyu-saMcAlana se saMvedanA utpanna hotI hai, para saMvedanA snAyu nahIM ho sktii| amuka rAsAyanika padArthoM ke saMyoga se uttejanA paidA hotI hai, parantu uttejanA rAsAyanika padArtha nahIM hai, kyoMki snAyu yA rAsAyanika padArtha svayaM cetanAzIla nahIM hai|"" ve cetanA ke utpAdaka nahIM ho sakate, cetanA ke vikAsa meM mAdhyama bana sakate haiN| jahA~ jahA~ saMsArI AtmA, vahA~-vahA~ karma avazyambhAvI pUrvokta samasta pramANoM evaM yuktiyoM tarkoM para se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai, ki AtmA nAmaka eka svataMtra tatva hai, jisakA astitva anAdi- ananta hai | zarIrAdi ke naSTa hone para bhI vaha paraloka meM jAtA hai| amUrta AtmA kathaMcit mUrta mAnA gayA hai| isalie sva-sva - karma ke vaza vibhinna gatiyoM aura yoniyoM meM jAtA hai| isa prakAra saMsArI AtmA kA astitva siddha hone para usake sAtha pravAharUpa se karma kA astitva bhI mokSa prApti ke pUrva taka avazyambhAvI mAnanA hI pdd'egaa| 1 akhaNDa jyoti, maI 1976, pR. 4 se sAra saMkSepa uddhRta / For Personal & Private Use Only

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(3) jahA~ karma, vahA~ saMsAra 35 jahA~ karma, vahA~ saMsAra AtmA kI zuddhadazA prApta karAnA hI jainadarzana kA lakSya jainadarzana kA samagra cintana-manana, vizleSaNa evaM vivecana AtmA ko kendra meM rakhakara huA hai| kyoMki jainadarzana kA mukhya aura antima lakSya AtmA se paramAtmA banane kI preraNA denA, paramAtmabhAva ko prApta karane kI / ora jIva kI gati mati karAnA tathA vartamAna meM rAga-dveSAdi yA kaSAyAdigata malinaMtAoM se azuddha evaM malina bane hue AtmA ko ina malinatAoM se mukta paramazuddha AtmA banane ke lie prerita karanA hai| isI kAraNa 'appA so paramappA' - jo AtmA hai, vahI paramAtmA hai - isa utkrAnti `sUtra kA udghoSa jainadarzana ne kiyaa| kyoMki jainadarzana nizcayadRSTi se AtmA ko paramAtmA ke samAna zuddha, buddha, anantajJAna- darzanamaya, anantazakti-sampanna, anantaAtmasukhamaya, amUrta, zAzvata tattva mAnatA hai| jaisA ki jainadarzana ke AdhyAtmika - utkrAntikArI AcArya kundakunda kahate hai - "nizcaya hI maiM (AtmA) sadaiva zuddha, zAzvata aura amUrta (arUpI) tattva hU~, sadA jJAna darzanamaya huuN| mere se (AtmA se) bhinna jo para-padArtha haiM, unakA yatkiMcit paramANu mAtra bhI merA nahIM hai / niSkarSa yaha hai ki jitane bhI para-padArtha haiM, ve zuddha AtmA se bhinna haiM / " AtmA kI do avasthAe~ : kyoM, kaisI aura kaise ? parantu AtmA kI yaha zuddha avasthA kevala mokSa prApta yA jIvanmukta mAnavoM meM hI ho sakatI hai| inake atirikta saMsArasya sabhI jIvoM kI avasthA azuddha hai| isI dRSTi se AtmA (jIva ) kI mukhyataH do avasthAe~ jainadarzana ne batAI haiM - eka saMsArI avasthA aura dUsarI siddha (mukta) avsthaa| inameM se pahalI avasthA azuddha hai, jabaki dUsarI avasthA zuddha hai| inhIM donoM ko bhagavatI sUtra aura prajJApanA sUtra meM kramazaH saMsAra-samApanna 1 ahamikko khalu suddho, daMsaNa- NANamaio sadA'rUvI / Na vi asthi majjha kiMci vi, aNNaM paramANumittaM pi // 5 For Personal & Private Use Only - samayasAra 38

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36 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) aura asaMsAra-samApanna kahA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra aura tattvArtha sUtra meM bhI inheM kramazaH saMsArI aura siddha-mukta kahA gayA hai| jo AtmAe~ karma-saMyukta hotI haiM, tathA dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva aura bhava-parivartana se yukta hokara aneka yoniyoM aura gatiyoM meM paribhramaNa karatI rahatI haiM, ve sazarIrI AtmAe~ saMsArI kahalAtI haiN| ye saMsArI AtmAe~ nitya naye karma bA~dha kara vibhinna paryAyoM meM unake phala bhogatI haiN| jainAgamoM aura jainadarzana meM AtmA ke badale jIva zabda kA hI vizeSataH prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ___ yoM to saMsArI dazA aura mukta dazA, ina donoM dazAoM kA kartA aura bhoktA svayaM jIva (AtmA) hI hai| jIva hI apane rAga-dveSa, kaSAya Adi zubhAzubharUpa azuddha pariNAmoM se svayaM hI saMsArI hotA hai aura jaba vaha saMvara, nirjarA aura samyagdarzana Adi saddharma kI sAdhanA se sva-puruSArtha dvArA saMsAra kA anta kara detA hai, taba vahI mukta ho jAtA hai| siddha-buddhamukta hone ke pazcAt vaha punaH saMsAra meM nahIM aataa| . ___cAra gatiyoM aura caurAsI lakSa jIvayoniyoM meM janma-maraNa evaM punaHpunaH zarIra dhAraNa karanA, zarIra se sambandhita vibhinna jar3a-cetana padArthoM kA tathA sukha-duHkhAdi janaka bhAvoM kA saMyoga prApta honA; isI kA nAma saMsAra samasta saMsArI jIva (AtmAe~) anAdikAla se karma ke sAtha usI prakAra saMyukta haiM, jisa prakAra khAna se nikAle gaye sone ke sAtha kitttt-kaalimaadi| inhIM karmoM ke saMsarga ke kAraNa saMsAra samApanna AtmA acche-bure karmoM kA phala bhogane hetu vibhinna gatiyoM, yoniyoM aura paryAyoM meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai, tathA nAnA zarIra evaM aneka zubhAzubha tathA iSTa-aniSTa saMyoga prApta karatA rahatA hai| jIva kI yaha avasthA azuddha hai-karmamalina hai| isa azuddha avasthA kA yAnI saMsAradazA kA tabhI anta AtA hai, jaba AtmA karmoM kA samUla kSaya karake mukta-zuddhadazA ko prApta ho jAtI hai, siddha-buddha ho jAtI hai| 1 (ka) saMsAriNo muktAzca / -tattvArthasUtra a. 2/10 (kha) prajJApanAsUtra pada 1 pR. 16 (ga) bhagavatIsUtra 1/1/24 (gha) jIvAbhigama 1/7 (Ga) saMsAratyA ya siddhA ya duvihA jIvA viyAhiyA / -uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 36 gA. 48 2 saMsaraNaM saMsAraH, sa eSAmastIti sNsaarinnH| -sarvArthasiddhi 2/10 For Personal & Private Use Only

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C jahA~ karma, vahA~ saMsAra 37 'gommaTasAra' meM bhI kahA gayA hai- "jisa prakAra kAvar3iyA ke dvArA bojhA DhoyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra zarIrarUpI kAvar3iyA ke dvArA saMsArI (azuddha) AtmA janma-maraNAdirUpa saMsAra ke aneka kaSToM ko sahatI huI karmarUpI bhAra ko vibhinna gatiyoM aura yoniyoM meM DhotI huI bhramaNa karatI hai| jaba AtmA ke samasta karmoM kA samUla vinAza ho jAtA hai, taba usa mukta AtmA kA svAbhAvika zuddha rUpa prakaTa ho jAtA hai|"" jIva ke ye donoM rUpa avasthAkRta hote haiN| eka hI jIva ke ye donoM avasthAkRta bheda ho sakate haiN| jIva (AtmA) kI saMsArI avasthA ko baddha-avasthA bhI kahate haiN| jIva (AtmA) kI jo dUsarI zuddha avasthA hai, usameM zarIra, indriyA~, mana, vANI, janma, jarA, mRtyu, vyAdhi, pIr3A, hAni-lAbha, sAMsArika duHkha-sukha tathA zubhAzubha aSTavidha karma Adi nahIM hote| usa samaya vaha AtmA niraMjana, nirAkAra, azarIrI, akarma, saMsAra ke AvAgamana se rahita, amUrta, pUrNa zuddha hotI hai| usameM paramAtmA ke anantajJAna, ananta-darzana, ananta Atmika sukha (Ananda) evaM ananta bala pUrNatayA prakaTa ho jAte haiN| isalie jainadarzana parama-AtmA ko pUrNa zuddha mAnatA hai; jabaki saMsArI AtmA ko karma sambaddha hone se kathaMcit zuddha aura kathaMcit azuddha mAnatA hai| vaha kahatA hai- vyAvahArika dRSTi se karma saMyukta AtmA (jIva) azuddha hai, jabaki nizcayanaya kI apekSA se AtmA (jIvadravya) zuddha hai| jainadarzana zaivadarzana ke isa siddhAnta se sahamata nahIM hai ki AtmA sadaiva sarvathA zuddha rahatA hai| AtmA ko ekAntarUpa se sarvathA zuddha mAnane para prazna hogA ki zuddha AtmA zarIrAdi kyoM dhAraNa karatA hai? zubhAzubha karma karane kA kyA prayojana hai ? sAMsArika sukha - duHkhAdi meM viSamatA kyoM hai ? uparyukta sabhI zaMkAoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki AtmA sarvathA zuddha nahIM hai| agara AtmA ko ekAntarUpa se sarvathA zuddha mAnA jAegA to vrata, pratyAkhyAna, tapa, tyAga, saMvara, saMyama Adi kA AcaraNa karanA vyartha ho jaaegaa| ataH saMsArI AtmA ekAntarUpa se sarvathA zuddha nahIM hai| isI prakAra yadi AtmA ko sarvathA (ekAntataH) karmasaMyukta hI mAnA jAegA to vaha kadApi mukta nahIM ho 1 (ka) maggaNa- guNaTThANehiM ya caudasahiM taha asuddhaNayA / viSNeyA saMsArI savve suddhA suddhaNayA // - dravyasaMgraha 13 (kha) gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) (AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI) gA. 202,203 (ga) samAvannANa saMsAre nANAgottAsu jAisu / kammA nANAvihA kaTTu, puDho visaMbhiyA hayA // - uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 3 gA. 2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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38 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) sakegA / jaba jIva meM zuddha hone kI vidyamAna zakti ko vrata, tapasyA Adi kA nimitta milatA hai, taba vaha zuddha ho jAtA hai| ataH yahI mAnanA yuktisaMgata hogA ki saMsArI AtmA kathaMcit zuddha hai, aura kathaMcit azuddha hai / ' saMsAra tathA saMsArI (azuddha) dazA kA mukhya kAraNa : karma zuddha yA azuddha, jitanI bhI avasthAe~ haiM, ve dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla evaM pudgala Adi SaTdravyoM meM se jIva tathA pudgala dravya meM hI pAI jAtI haiN| anya dravyoM meM nhiiN| isI prakAra jIvoM meM zuddhadazA aura azuddhadazA kA jo antara kiyA jAtA hai, vaha karmarUpa nimitta kI apekSA se kiyA jAtA hai| darzanazAstroM meM do prakAra ke nimitta mAne gae haiN| eka sAdhAraNa: nimitta yAnI taTastha nimitta hote haiN| jaise- jIvoM kI gati - Agati meM sahAyaka dharma-adharma dravya taTastha nimitta haiN| AkAzadravya use avakAza dene meM taTastha sahAyaka hai, tathA kAladravya samaya Adi ke jJAna yA vastuoM ke parivartana ko samajhane meM taTastha nimitta banatA hai| dUsare sahakArI nimitta hote haiM, jo kisI kArya meM pratyakSa sahakArI banate haiN| jaise -ghar3e kI utpatti .. meM kumbhakAra aura kapar3e kI utpatti meM bunakara (julAhA ) pratyakSa sahakArI nimitta haiN| prazna hotA hai, jIva kI isa azuddhadazA yA saMsAradazA athavA baddhadazA (avasthA) kA mukhya kAraNa - asAdhAraNa nimitta kauna-sA hai ? kauna sA aisA kAraNa yA tattva hai, jisake kAraNa jIva ko nAnA gatiyoM aura yoniyoM meM janma-maraNAdi ke cakra meM paribhramaNa karanA par3atA hai, nAnA zarIrAdi dhAraNa karane par3ate haiM, vibhinna sukhaduHkhAdirUpa phala bhogane par3ate haiM ? bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA- jIva kI isa saMsAra dazA kA yA saMsAra kA mukhya kAraNa-karma hai / 1 (ka) sa vIyarAgo kayasavvakicco, khavei nANAvaraNaM khaNeNaM / taheva jaM daMsaNamAvarei, jaM cantarAyaM pakarei kammaM // savvaM tao jANai pAsai ya amohaNe hoi niraMtarAe / aNAsave jhANasamAhipatte Aukkhae mokkhamuvei suddhe // (kha) paMcAstikAya tAtparyavRtti 27 (ga) kArtikeyAnuprekSA gA. 200 - 201-202 (gha) amitagati zrAvakAcAra 4/33 A -uttarAdhyayana, a.32/108-109 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jahA~ karma, vahA~ saMsAra 39 saMsAra anAdi hai, isalie pravAharUpa se karma bhI anAdi hai / vedAnta darzana ke mUrdhanya grantha brahmasUtra meM saMsAra ko anAdi mAnakara 'karma' kA usake sAtha kArya-kAraNa bhAva svIkAra kiyA hai| bIja aura aMkura kI taraha karma aura saMsAra ko zAMkarabhASya meM batAyA gayA hai| isa para se bhI saMsAra kA mukhya kAraNa karma hI siddha hotA hai| karma aura saMsAra kA avinAbhAva - sambandha karma aura saMsAra kA avinAbhAva sambandha hai / jahA~ saMsAra hai yA jaba taka saMsAra dazA hai, vahA~ yA taba taka karma avazya hI rhegaa| ghara, putra, strI, dhana, zarIra Adi kA nAma saMsAra nahIM hai| ye saba upAdhiyA~ haiM, jo pratyeka saMsArI jIva ko apane-apane zubhAzubha karmoM ke anusAra prApta hotI haiN| jitanI bhI sAMsArikaM sukha - bhoga kI, athavA duHkha - prApti kI, iSTa-aniSTa, anukUla-pratikUla, manojJa - amanojJa sAmagrI prApta hotI hai, vaha bhI zubhAzubha karma-janya haiN| karmoM meM bhI ghAtI karma raheMge, vahA~ taka para bhAvoM ke prati rAga-dveSa, moha, ajJAna, bhrama, saMzaya, viparyaya, krodhAdi kaSAya, Asakti Adi hote raheMge, AtmA meM viSaya- kaSAyoM kI taraMgeM AtI rheNgii| karmoM ke jala se paripUrNa yaha saMsAra-samudra hai| saMsAra - samudra ko jaba taka ratnatraya - sAdhanA rUpI naukA dvArA pAra nahIM kiyA jAegA, taba taka karmoM kA sadbhAva rhegaa| 2 isalie saMsAra aura karma kA anvayavyatireka sambandha hai / jahA~-jahA~ karma hai, vahA~-vahA~ saMsAra hai, aura jahA~-jahA~ karma nahIM hai, vahA~ vahA~ saMsAra nahIM hai| jaba taka ina donoM kA sambandha banA rahegA, taba taka saMsAra kA cakra aura karma kA cakra donoM sAtha-sAtha avirata ghUmate rheNge| saMsAra cakra: karma cakra ke kAraNa saMsAra-cakra aura karma cakra ke avinAbhAvI sambandha ko vistRta rUpa se spaSTa karate hue 'paMcAstikAya' meM batAyA hai - "jo jIva saMsAra meM sthita hai, usake rAgadveSAdirUpa pariNAma hote haiM aura una pariNAmoM se naye karmoM kA bandha hotA hai| una karmoM ke kAraNa use eka gati se dUsarI aura dUsarI se tIsarI, yoM nAnA gatiyoM meM janma lenA par3atA hai| kisI bhI gati meM 1 (ka) na karmA vibhAgAt iti cenna, anAditvAt / * brahmasUtra 2/1/35 (kha) zAMkarabhASya - naiSaH, anAditvAt saMsArasya / bhavedeSa doSo yadi AdimAn saMsAraH syAt / anAdau tu saMsAre bIjAMkuravat hetu hetumadbhAvena karmaNaH sargavaiSamyasya ca pravRttirna viruddhayate / kammuNA uvAhI jAyaDU | - AcArAMga zru. 1 a. 3 u. 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma - vijJAna : karma kA astitva ( 1 ) janma-grahaNa se zarIra prApta hotA hai| zarIra se indriyA~ prApta hotI haiN| indriyoM se vividha manojJa - amanojJa viSayoM kA grahaNa hotA hai| viSayoM ke grahaNa se rAga aura dveSa rUpa pariNAma hote haiN| jo jIva saMsAra cakra meM par3A hai, usakI (baddha karmoM ke kAraNa) aisI avasthA hotI hai| karmoM kA yaha pravAha abhavya jIvoM kI apekSA se anAdi - ananta hai aura bhavya jIvoM kI apekSA se anAdi-sAnta hai|"" 40 saMsAra kI duHkharUpatA kA mUla kAraNa : karma bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pAvApurI ke apane antima pravacana meM saMsAra kA ' svarUpa batAte hue kahA thA- 'janma duHkharUpa hai, bur3hApA duHkhaMrUpa hai, roga duHkharUpa hai, mRtyu duHkharUpa hai, aho ! yaha janma-maraNAdirUpa saMsAra nizcaya hI duHkharUpa hai, jisameM prANI kleza (duHkha) pAte haiN|" saMsAra kI yaha duHkharUpatA, karuNatA aura vicitratA Akasmika nahIM hai, vaha hai prANiyoM ke apane- apane karmoM ke kaarnn| ise ajJAnI loga samajha nahIM pAte / duHkha ke kSaNa saMsAra meM adhika haiM, sukha ke kSaNa kama / jo bhI sukha ke kSaNa Ate haiM, ve Ate haiM-vaiSayika sukha ke kSaNa; jo prANiyoM ko lubhAvane, AkarSaka aura mohaka lagate haiM; ve Ate haiM jIvoM ko mohAdi karmoM ke jAla meM phaMsAne ke lie| sukha ke kSaNika AsvAda meM phaMsane para vyakti bAda meM pachatAtA hai, rotA hai, apane Apako na TaTola kara, vaha nimittoM ko kosatA hai| saMsAra kA duHkhamaya rUpa isa duHkhamaya tathA karmajAlamaya saMsAra meM cAroM ora dRSTipAta karane se kyA dikhAI detA hai ? kisI ko patnI gaira - vaphAdAra milatI hai, to kisI ko putra ur3AU milatA hai| kisI ko prapaMcI mitra milate haiM, to kisI ko svajana dhokhebAja milate haiN| kisI kA zarIra rogAkrAnta hai to kisI kA 1 jo khalu saMsAratyo jIvo, tatto du hodi pariNAmo / pariNAmAdo kammaM, kammAdo hodi gadIsu gadI // 128 // gadimadhigadassa deho, dehAdo indiyANi jAyate / hiMdu visayahaNaM tatto rAgo va doso vA // 129 // jAyadi jIvassevaM bhAvo, saMsAracakkavAlammi / idi jiNavarehiM bhaNido aNAdiNidhaNo sANidhaNo vA // 130 // 2 (ka) jamma dukkhaM, jarA dukkha rogA ya maraNANi ya / aho dukkho hu saMsAro, jatya kissaMti jaMtuo // - uttarAdhyayana a. 19 gA. 16 (kha) tulanA kIjiee- janma mRtyu - jarA-vyAdhi- vedanAbhirupadrutam / saMsAramimamutpannamasAraM tyajataH sukham // For Personal & Private Use Only - paMcAstikAya

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jahA~ karma, vahA~ saMsAra 41 vyApAra caupaTa ho gayA hai| kahIM vidhavA kI A~khoM meM A~sU haiM, to kahIM anAtha bAlakoM kI sisakiyA~ haiM / bhartRhari ke zabdoM meM dekhiye saMsAra kA svarUpa - "kahIM khuzI ke mAre vINA baja rahI hai, to kahIM iSTa-viyoga yA aniSTa-saMyoga ke kAraNa hAhAkArapUrNa rudana ho rahA hai| kahIM vidvAnoM kI goSThiyA~ vividha viSayoM para vivAda kara rahI haiM, to kahIM madirA pIkara unmatta bane hue loga kalaha kara rahe haiN| kahIM ramaNIya ramaNI yauvana meM matta ho rahI hai to kahIM bur3hApe ko jarjara kAyA kI ThaTharI liye koI ghUma rahI hai| na jAne, isa saMsAra meM kyA amRtamaya hai aura kyA viSamaya haiM ? saMsAra duHkhamaya kyoM ? th 'adhyAtmasAra' meM bhI saMsAra ko duHkhamaya batAte hue kahA gayA hai" isa saMsAra meM kahIM bhI sukha nahIM hai| pahale to isa saMsAra meM prema (rAga) kA prArambha karane meM hI duHkha hai| usake pazcAt usa prema ko akhaNDa rUpa se TikAne meM duHkha hai / phira premapAtra ke naSTa ho jAne para nAnA duHkha haiM / jinheM kaThora hRdaya vyakti kumbhakAra ke A~ve meM DAle hue ghar3e ke samAna cAroM ora se tapta hokara sahana karatA hai / anta meM, vaha duSkarmoM ke vipAka ke kAraNa janmAntara meM bhI narakAdi durgatiyoM meM duHkha pAtA hai| ataH saMsArarUpI A~ve meM tapta prANI ko jarA bhI sukha nahIM hai / " 2 sacamuca saMsAra adhikatara viSama hai| isalie adhikAMza logoM ke liye vaha viSamaya hai, duHkhamaya hai, kyoMki sArA saMsAra kevala kArmika aNuoM se banA huA hai| kArmika aNuoM dvArA nirmitaM - racita isa janmamaraNAdirUpa saMsAra kI AkarSaka aura mohaka racanA meM yaha prANI (cetana) bhUla jAtA hai| 1 "kvacid vINAvAdaH kvacidapi ca hAheti ruditam / kvacid vidvadgoSThI, kvacidapi ca surAmattakalahaH // * kvacidramyA rAmA, kvacidapi jarA-jarjaratanuH / na jAne saMsAre, kimamRtamayaH kiM viSamayaH ? 2 (ka) "purA premArambhe tadanu tadaviccheda ghaTane / taducchede duHkhAnyatha kaThinacetA viSahate // vipAkAdApAkAhita-kalazavat tApabahulAt / . jano yasminnasmin kvacidapi sukhaM hanta ! na bhave // (kha) "klezavAsita te saMsAra, klezarahita te bhavopAra / " - bhartRhari : vairAgyazataka - adhyAtmasAra, bhavasvarUpa cinto 18 - upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI For Personal & Private Use Only

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42 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva ( 1 ) saMsAra kA sUkSma aura sthUla svarUpa upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne 'saMsAra ko klezavAsita' kahA hai| arthAt-viSaya aura kaSAya meM anurAga, kAmanAoM kA hRdaya' meM vAsa, mana meM satata cintA, bhIti Adi manovRttiyoM kI halacala tathA isake dvArA Atma-pradezoM kA satata kampana hI saMsAra kA sUkSma svarUpa hai| saMsAra kA sthUla svarUpa hai - naraka, tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva - ina cAra gatiyoM meM duHkhamaya paribhramaNa tathA janma, jarA, mRtyu, vyAdhi Adi avasthAoM kA .. duHkhbhog| mAnava hRdaya kI sUkSmAtisUkSma kriyA-pratikriyAoM meM, vRtti pravRttiyoM meM tathA rAga-dveSAtmaka halacaloM meM saMsAra karmajanita duHkha kA karuNa-jala sIMcatA rahatA hai| isIlie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pAvApurI ke apane antima pravacana meM kahA hai- "jitane bhI avidyAvAn puruSa haiM, ve apane liye svayaM duHkha utpanna karate haiM, aura mUr3ha banakara ananta saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate rahate haiN| " 2 jahA~ saMsAra hai, vahA~ rAgadveSAdi janita karmajanya duHkha haiM jahA~ saMsAra hai, vahA~ rAga, dveSa, moha, tRSNA Adi avazyambhAvI haiN| jahA~ ye hoMge, vahA~ karmoM kA Agamana (Asrava) aura bandha anivArya hai / phira karmoM ke phala ke rUpa meM nAnA duHkha, kleza, saMkaTa, azAnti, pIr3A, santApa aura baicenI Adi prApta hote haiN| tRSNA aura moha miTate hI duHkha miTa jAtA hai vastutaH bhagavAn mahAvIra kI yaha ukti akSarazaH satya hai ki "saMsAra ke duHkhoM kA mUla kAraNa tRSNA hai|" tRSNA ke kAraNa hI aprApta vastu ko prApta karane kA tathA prApta vastu (iSTa vastu ke viyoga tathA aniSTa vastu kA saMyoga ) ke prati asantoSa prakaTa karane hetu cintA, zoka, manastApa, vilApa, rudana, pIr3A Adi ke rUpa meM ArttadhyAna hotA hai| havA, pAnI, prakAza, AkAza, prakRti kA anupama dRzya, jharane, nadiyA~, pahAr3a tathA sundara mAnavatana, mana, vacana evaM indriyoM kI zaktiyA~ Adi aneka anamola vastue~ mAnava ko milI haiM, phira bhI sAdhAraNa ajJAnI mAnava ko isa alabhya lAbha kA santoSa evaM Ananda nahIM hai| isa kAraNa " tRSNA yA lAlasA hI saMsAra duHkha kA mUla kAraNa hai|" jisakI tRSNA (cAha) miTa gaI, usakI cintAe~ miTa gaIM, usakA moha miTa gyaa| moha ke samasta kAraNoM ke haTate hI 1 kAmAnAM hRdaye vAsaH saMsAraH parikIrtitaH / 2 jAvaMta vijjA purisA, savve te dukkha saMbhavA / pati bahuso mUDhA saMsAraMmi anaMtae // * - uttarAdhyayana a. 6 gA. 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jahA~ karma, vahA~ saMsAra 43 ghAtikarma haTa jAte haiN| ghAtikarmoM kA haTanA hI saMsAra kA aura sAMsArika duHkhoM kA naSTa honA hai| saMkSepa meM - " jisakA moha naSTa ho gayA, usakA samasta duHkha naSTa ho jAtA hai / "" yahI vaha saMsAra hai. ............... zyyn yahI vaha saMsAra hai jahA~ eka janma kA lAr3alA putra dUsare janma meM jAna levA zatru bana sakatA hai| yahI vaha saMsAra hai, jahA~ eka janma kA makAna mAlika dUsare janma meM apane hI bhUtapUrva makAna meM kuttA banakara ghusane lage to usa para DaMDe par3ate haiN| isa saMsAra meM isa janma ke moTara ke kArakhAne kA svAmI agale janma meM bailagAr3I khIMcane vAlA baila bana sakatA hai| isa janma kA vidvAn prophesara AgAmI janma meM aspaSTa bhASI avyakta zabda uccAraNa karaneM vAlA gUMgA mAnava yA pazu-pakSI athavA makkhI-macchara Adi bana sakatA hai| Aja kA kuztIbAja pahalavAna AgAmI janma meM durbalakAya, rugNa mAnava, pazu yA gobara kA kIr3A bana sakatA hai| Aja jo rAjA, zAsaka yA rASTrapati hai, vaha AgAmI janma meM naraka kA atithi bana sakatA hai| Aja jo karor3apati hai vaha agale janma meM roDapati bhikhArI bana sakatA hai| vastutaH saMsAra kI yaha saba uthala-puthala karmoM ke kAraNa hI hotI hai / adhyAtmasAra meM saMsAra kA karmajanita svarUpa isI prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai- pUrvakRta karmoM ke kAraNa isa saMsAra meM kisI janma meM vizAla rAjya mila jAtA hai, to kisI janma meM jarA sA bhI dhana milanA durlabha ho jAtA hai / kisI janma meM ucca jAti prApta hotI hai, to kisI janma meM nIca kula kA apayaza milatA hai| kisI janma meM deha ko atizaya saundaryazrI prApta hotI hai to kisI janma meM zarIra ko surUpa bhI nahIM miltaa| isa prakAra saMsAra kI viSamatA (vicitratA) bhalA kise prItikArI ho sakatI hai| 2 1 (ka) rAgo ya doso vi ya kamma bIyaM, kammaM ca mohappabhavaM vayaMti / kammaM ca jAi maraNassa mUlaM, dukkhaM ca jAi maraNaM vayaMti // (kha) dukkha hayaM jassa na hoI moho, moho hao jassa na hoi tarahA / taNhA hayA jassa na hoi loho, loho hao jassa na kiMcaNAI // " 2 kvacit prAjyaM rAjyaM kvacana dhanalezo'pyasulabhaH / kvacijjAti - sphAtiH kvacidapi ca nIcatva- kuyazaH // kvacillAvaNya zrIratizayavatI, kvApi na vapuH - svarUpaM, vaiSamyaM ratikaraM kasya nu bhave ?" - - uttarAdhyayana a. 32 gA. 7 For Personal & Private Use Only - vahI, a. 32, gA. 8 adhyAtmasAra 1/4/11

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44 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) karma ke astitva kA prabala pramANa : pratyakSa dRzyamAna saMsAra ataH karma ke astitva kA sabase bar3A pramANa yaha vizAla tathArUpa .. saMsAra hai, jo pratyakSa dRzyamAna hai| ___kaI bAra parvata para lagI huI Aga pratyakSa nahIM dikhAI detI, kintu vahA~ se dhuMA uThatA huA dikhAI detA hai| usa dhuMe para se vyakti anumAna lagA detA hai ki vahA~ agni avazya hogii| isI prakAra karma alpajJAniyoM kI dRSTi meM bhale hI sAkSAt dikhAI na detA ho, parantu saMsArasthaM janma, jarA, maraNa, vyAdhi, sukha-duHkha Adi nAnA upAdhiyA~ to pratyakSa dikhAI detI haiM, isalie isa pratyakSa dRzyamAna saMsAra se usake mukhya kAraNarUpa 'karma' kA honA avazyambhAvI siddha hotA hai| ____ karma rUpI pudgala (jar3a) hone se kevalajJAniyoM (sarvajJa vItarAgoM) kI dRSTi meM pratyakSa hai, isalie parokSajJAniyoM ko saMsAra ke sAtha 'kama' ko anumAna pramANa se mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM honI caahie| bijalI ko alpajJAnI manuSya pratyakSa nahIM dekha pAtA, kintu bijalI ke dvArA hone vAle kArya-balba jalanA, hITara-kUlara kA cUlanA, mazIna aura paMkhe kA calanA Adi to pratyakSa dikhAI dete haiN| aisI sthiti meM kyA bijalI ke astitva se inkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ? kadApi nhiiN| isI prakAra parokSa (alpa) jJAniyoM kI dRSTi meM cAhe 'kama' pratyakSa nahIM dikhAI detA ho, kintu karma se hone vAle saMsAradazA ke vividha kArya to pratyakSa dikhAI dete haiN| vividha gatiyoM-yoniyoM meM janma, jarA, mRtyu, vyAdhi, sukha-duHkha Adi to hama pratyakSa hote dekhate haiM, arthAt-vividha rUpoM meM vistRta saMsAra sAkSAt dRzyamAna hai| aisI sthiti meM koI bhI samajhadAra vyakti 'karmatattva' se kaise inkAra kara sakatA hai ? Agama-pramANa se bhI karma kA astitva siddha hai __AgamoM meM to aise aneka vAkya pada-pada para karma ke astitva ko pramANita karate haiN| sarvajJa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pAvApurI ke apane antima pravacana meM kahA thA-2 "una karmoM ke dhAge se baMdhA huA yaha jIva nAnA prakAra ke rUpa dhAraNa karatA huA janma-maraNAdirUpa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai|" itanA hI nahIM, unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se kahA-'isa 1 'yatra yatra dhUmastatra tatra vahniH' iti vyAptiH / -tarkasaMgraha 2 jehiM baddho ayaM jIvo saMsAre pariyattai / - uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 33 3 egayA devaloesu, naraesu vi egayA / egayA AsuraM kAya, ahAkammehiM gacchai / / - vahI, a. 3, gA. 3 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jahA~ karma, vahA~ saMsAra 45 jIvAtmA ne pahale jaise karma kiye haiM, tadanusAra kabhI devalokoM meM janma letA hai, kabhI naraka meM utpanna hokara bhayaMkara duHkhoM kI jvAlAoM meM jhulasatA rahatA hai aura kabhI devoM meM bhI nIcI jAti ke asurakAyoM (dAnavoM) ke saMsAra meM janma grahaNa karatA hai| isI prakAra yaha saMsArastha jIva kabhI pazuyoniyoM meM utpanna hotA hai aura kabhI zubhakarmoM kI pracuratA ke kAraNa manuSya banatA hai| manuSyoM meM bhI kabhI kSatriya, kabhI duSkarmoM ke prabhAva se atyanta nIca gotrIya cANDAla yA varNasaMkara (bokkasa) hotA hai| phira vaha cIMTI, macchara, kITa, pataMga, sAMpa, biccha, nevalA, siMha, bAgha, hiraNa Adi prANiyoM kI vibhinna yoniyoM meM janma-maraNa karatA rahatA hai| ina saba meM vaha apane karma ke prabhAva se paidA hotA hai| jisa prakAra kSatriya loga cirakAla taka samagra aizvarya evaM sukha bhoga ke sAdhanoM kA upabhoga karane para bhI virakti (nirveda) ko prApta nahIM hote, usI prakAra karmoM se atyanta malina jIva anAdi kAla se Avarta rUpa yonicakra meM janma-maraNarUpa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate hue bhI saMsAradazA se nirveda (vairAgya) prApta nahIM krte| arthAt ve isa janma-maraNa ke cakra se mukta hone kI icchA hI nahIM krte|" . bhagavadgItA meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai ki "jo vyakti saddharma meM zraddhArahita haiM, ve mujhe prApta na hokara (janma-) mRtyu rUpa saMsAra-cakra meM karmavazAt bhramaNa karate hai|"2 __ isa prakAra isa janma-maraNAdirUpa vizAlakAya saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa karma ke sivAya aura koI nahIM hai| bhUtavAdiyoM dvArA mAnya kevala ihalaukika kriyA-karma jainadarzana kI isa yuktisaMgata mAnyatA ke viparIta bhUta-caitanyavAdI cArvAka, bArhaspatya, lokAyatika, paMcabhUtavAdI, tajjIva-taccharIravAdI kucha dArzanika aise haiM, jo karma aura karmaphala sambandhI kArya-kAraNa-paramparA ko atIta aura anAgata se na jor3akara kevala ihaloka taka hI mAnate haiN| 1. egayA khattio hoi, tao cAMDAla bokkaso / tao kIDa-payaMgo ya, tao kunyu-piviiliyaa| evamAvaTTa joNisu pANiNo kamma kivvisA / na nivijjati saMsAre savvaDhesu va khattiyA / / 2. azraddhAnA puruSA dharmasyAsya paraMtapa ! aprApya mAM nivartante mRtya-saMsAra vartmani // - uttarA. 3/4-5 bhagavadgItA 9/3 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma - vijJAna : karma kA astitva ( 1 ) unakA isa bAta meM vizvAsa nahIM hai ki karmoM kI yaha paramparA isa anAdikAlIna saMsAra meM atIta se calI A rahI hai, aura bhaviSya meM bhI calatI rhegii| arthAt isa zarIra ke paMcabhautika tattvoM ke vinaSTa hone yA bikhara jAne para bhI yaha karma - paramparA bhaviSya meM bhI clegii| unake matAnusAra prANi-jIvana kI samasta pravRttiyA~ paMcabhUta-saMyoga se prANI ke garbha kAla yA janma-kAla se prArambha hotI haiM aura Ayu ke anta meM zarIra ke vinaSTa hote hI punaH paMcabhUtoM meM vilIna ho jAtI haiN| ataH na to ve atItakAlIna karma . ko janma, jarA, mRtyu- vyAdhirUpa saMsAra kA kAraNa mAnate haiM aura na hI ve anAgatakAlIna karma ko mAnate haiN| vartamAnakAla meM bhI ve karma ko saMsAra kA kAraNa nahIM mAnate haiN| karma ke kAraNa hI bhUta-bhaviSyakAlIna vicitratAoM se bharA saMsAra parantu ina bhUtavAdiyoM ke mata kA nirAkaraNa to isI yukti aura pramANa se ho jAtA hai ki yaha janma, jarA, mRtyu - vyAdhirUpa pratyakSa dRzyamAna saMsAra tathA eka hI sAtha, eka hI samaya meM paidA hue do bAlakoM ke janmamaraNa kA, sukha-duHkhAdi kA tathA anya pravRttiyoM - prakRtiyoM meM vartamAna meM dikhAI dene vAlA spaSTa antara tathA bhaviSya meM janma lekara pUrvajanma kI ghaTanAoM ko hUbahU batAne vAle kA atItakAlIna jIvana pUrvajanmakRta karmoM ke kAraNa ko spaSTa udghoSita karatA hai| yahI to bhUtakAlIna tathA bhaviSya-kAlIna saMsAra hai, jisakA mUlasrota karma ke sivAya aura kyA ho sakatA hai ? 46 Izvara - kartRtvavAdiyoM kI dRSTi meM saMsAra kA kAraNa karma nahIM, Izvara hai isake atirikta eka vicAradhArA aura hai, jo saMsAra kI utpatti aura vinAza kA sambandha Izvara ke sAtha jor3atI hai| nyAya - darzana ke anusAra Izvara hI saMsAra kA Adi sarjaka, pAlaka aura saMhAraka hai| vaha zUnya se saMsAra kA sRjana nahIM karatA, kintu nitya paramANuoM, dizA, kAla, AkAza, mana tathA AtmAoM se karatA hai| use saMsAra kA poSaka isalie kahA hai ki saMsAra usI kI icchAnusAra kAyama rahatA hai| vaha saMsAra kA saMhAraka isalie hai ki saMsAra meM jaba-jaba pApI, duSTa aura adharmI bar3ha jAte haiM, taba-taba vaha saMhAra bhI karatA hai| ataH saMsAra kA kAraNa karma nahIM, Izvara hai / manuSya apane karmoM kA karttA to hai, lekina vaha Izvara ke dvArA apane adRSTa (pUrvakRta karma) ke anusAra prerita hokara karma karatA hai| isalie Izvara hI saMsAra, saMsArastha manuSyoM tathA anya sabhI prANiyoM kA karma-vyavasthApaka, For Personal & Private Use Only

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jahA~ karma, vahA~ saMsAra 47 karmaphaladAtA aura sukha-duHkha nirNAyaka hai / nyAyadarzana gautamasUtra meM Izvara ke dvArA acche-bure karmoM kA phala prApta hone kI bAta kahI gaI hai| " - vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra bhI saMsAra kA kartA-dhartA saMhartA mahezvara hai ataH vahA~ bhI Izvara ko sRSTikartA mAnakara usake svarUpa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| usakI icchA se saMsAra kA sRjana aura pralaya hotA hai, usakI icchA hotI hai, tabhI saMsAra bana jAtA hai tAki sabhI jIva apane- apane karmAnusAra sukha-duHkharUpa phala bhoga skeN| jaba mahezvara kI icchA hotI hai, taba vaha usa jAla ko sameTa letA hai| jIvoM ke prAcIna karma (puNya-pApa) ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vaha eka abhinava saMsAra kI racanA karatA hai| isa mata se bhI saMsAra kA kAraNa karma na hokara mahezvara pratIta hotA hai / 2 brahmasUtra zAMkarabhASya meM Adya zaMkarAcArya ne upaniSadoM ke AdhAra para kaI sthaloM para 'brahma' ko saMsAra kA upAdAna kAraNa siddha kiyA hai| unhoMne pratipAdana kiyA ki saMsAra kA nimitta aura upAdAna - donoM hI kAraNa brahma hai| sRSTi ke Adi meM akelA brahma thA, usakA saMkalpa huA ki maiM "eka se aneka ho jaauuN| maiM saMsAra kI racanA karU~ / " yaha icchA huI ki isa saMsAra kI racanA ho gii| brahma isa saMsAra kA nirmANa apane meM vidyamAna mAyA ke mAdhyama se karatA hai| brahmavAda kI isa parikalpanA se bhI saMsAra kA kAraNa brahma siddha hotA hai| jainadarzana dvArA IzvarakRta saMsAra kA nirAkaraNa jainadarzanasammata karmavAda ina saba parikalpanAoM kA khaNDana karatA hai| usakA kathana hai ki jIva jaise karma karane meM svataMtra hai; vaise hI usakA phala bhogane meM bhI svataMtra hai| yadi Izvara ko jIva ke karma kA preraka yA karmaphalapradAtA mAnA jAegA to jIva (AtmA) dvArA pUrvakRta, tathA vartamAnakRta zubhAzubha karma nirarthaka siddha hoNge| Izvara ko saMsAra ke sRjana evaM saMhAra ke tathA saMsArI jIvoM ko karma preraNA karane yA karmaphala pradAna 1. . (ka) karmagrantha bhA. 1 ( prastAvanA) (marudhara kesarI mizrImalajI ma.) pR. 23 se sArAMza uddhRta (kha) 'tatkAritvAdahetuH / ' nyAyadarzana gautamasUtra a. 4 A. 1 sU. 21 2. vaizeSika darzana prazastapAdabhASya pR. 48 3. (ka) karmagrantha, bhA. 1 (prastAvanA) (paM. sukhalAla jI) (kha) "cetanamekamadvitIyaM brahma kSIrAdivad devAdivaccAnapekSya bAhya-sAdhanaM svayaM pariNamamAna jagataH kAraNamiti sthitam / " - brahmasUtra, zAMkarabhASya 2/1/16 (ga) "tasmAdazeSa vastu viSayamevedaM sarvavijJAnaM sarvasya brahma kAryatApekSayopanyasyata iti draSTavyam / " * vahI, a. 2 pA. 3, A. 1 sU. 6 bhASya (gha) "zrutiprAmANyAdekasmAd brahmaNa AkAzAdi mahAbhUtotpattikrameNa jagajjAtamiti nizcIyate / " brahmasUtra a. 2, pA. 3, A. 1 sU, 7 bhASya For Personal & Private Use Only

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48 - karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) karane ke prapaMca meM DAlanA, sarva karmamukta, kRtakRtya, siddha-buddha-mukta Izvara ko karmoM ke evaM janma-maraNAdirUpa saMsAra ke cakkara meM DAlanA hai| koI vyakti bure karma kare to Izvara yA koI bhI zakti kyA use sukhI kara sakatI hai ? isI prakAra koI acche karma kare to kyA vaha zakti (Izvara yA parabrahma) usakA kucha bhI burA kara sakatI hai ? kadApi nhiiN| Izvara jaba jIva ke apane zubhAzubha prAkRta karmoM ke anusAra phalabhoga karAtA hai, Izvara bhI karma ke samakSa svataMtra nahIM hai vaha bhI prANiyoM ke karmoM se baMdhA hai| vaha apanI icchA se phala nahIM de paataa| use karmoM kA phala prANiyoM ke kRtakarmAnusAra hI denA hotA hai ataH zubhAzubha karmoM kI preraNA aura karmaphala pradAna karane hetu Izvara, mahezvara yA kisI parabrahma ko mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| tarka kI kasauTI para kase jAne para bhI saMsAra kA sarjaka Izvara Adi koI bhI siddha nahIM hotaa| Izvara ko saMsAra kA sraSTA mAnane para anekoM vivAdAspada prazna khar3e hote haiM, jinakA koI bhI yuktisaMgata samAdhAna nahIM miltaa| tarka se na to koI saMsAra sarjaka-Izvara siddha hotA hai, na hI asaMkhya prakAra kA saMsAra-vaicitrya kisI eka Izvara dvArA racita honA sambhava hai| isalie jainadarzana kA yaha akATya siddhAnta hai ki pratyeka jIva (AtmA) apane-apane karmoM ke dvArA vyaktigata saMsAra (janma-maraNa-sukhaduHkhAdirUpa) kA kartA-sraSTA evaM bhoktA hai| isa prAkRtika sRSTi kA adhiSThAtA bhI vaha Izvara ko nahIM mAnatA, kyoMki yaha sRSTi anAdikAla se calI A rahI hai, aura anantakAla taka calatI rahegI, isalie yaha na to kabhI naye sire se utpanna huI hai, aura na kabhI pUrNarUpa se vinsstt| isameM utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya ke siddhAntAnusAra svataH parivartana hotA rahatA hai| isalie sRSTi svataH pariNamanazIla hone se kisI Izvara nAmaka adhiSThAtA kI apekSA nahIM rkhtii| ___ ataH jainadarzana dvArA pratipAdita yahI siddhAnta satya hai ki jIva hI apane-apane zubhAzubha karmoM ke kAraNa apane-apane saMsAra kA kartA-bhoktA hai, aura karmakSaya evaM karmanirodha ke dvArA svayaM hI vaha karmoM se mukta hotA hai| usakI saMsArAvasthA kA mUla kAraNa karma hI hai| ataeva jahA~ saMsAra hai, vahA~ karma avazyambhAvI hai|' 1. (ka) "kammakatto saMsAro, taNNAse tassa jujjate nAso // "- gaNadharavAda gA. 1980 (kha) jAti-mRtyu-jarA-duHkhaM, satataM samabhidrutaH / saMsAre pacyamAnazca doSairAtmakRtairnaraH / / jantustu karmabhistaistaiH, svakRtaiH pretya duHkhitaH / taHkhapratighAtArthamapuNyA yonimApnute // -mahAbhArata For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma-1 49 karma-astitva ke mUlAdhAraH pUrvajanma aura punarjanma-1 karma kA sambandha prANI ke atIta aura anAgata se bhI karmavijJAna bhAratIya darzanoM kA navanIta hai| jainadarzana kA to vaha prANa hai| usako mAne binA prANiyoM ke astitva aura vyaktitva kI, unake svabhAva aura vibhAva kI, unakI prakRti aura vikRti kI, unake sudUra atIta se lekara aba taka kI acchI-burI utkRSTa-nikRSTa evaM utthAna-patana kI samyak vyAkhyA ho nahIM sktii| pratyeka bhAratIya Astika darzana kA jainadarzana dvArA pratipAdita karma ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM matabheda hogA, parantu karma ke astitva ke viSaya meM matabheda nahIM hai| sabhI Astika darzana aura dharma ekamata se yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki karma mAnava-jIvana ke hI nahIM, samasta sAMsArika prANi jagat ke jIvana ke sAtha zvAsocchavAsa kI taraha jur3A huA hai| karmavijJAna ke rahasya kA jJAtA isa tathya ko bhalIbhAMti svIkAra karatA hai ki prANI jo kucha bhI mAnasika, vAcika, kAyika evaM bauddhika kriyA karatA hai, usakA mUla AdhAra pUrva-kRtakarma haiM, phira ve pUrvakRta karma isa janma ke hoM, pUrvajanma ke hoM yA saikar3oM-hajAroM janma pahale ke hoN| isa prakAra karma-siddhAnta kA yaha bhI rahasya hai ki vartamAna meM manuSya jo kucha acchI-burI pravRtti karatA hai, usakA pariNAma bhaviSya meM use usI rUpa meM milegA hI, cAhe vaha isI janma meM mile, agale janma meM mile yA kaI janmoM bAda mile| isa dRSTi se 'karma' prANijagat ke sAtha atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna tInoM kAloM meM anusyUta hai| jaba taka vaha samasta karmoM se sarvathA mukta nahIM ho jAtA, taba taka karma usakI AtmA ke sAtha saMlagna rahate haiN| 1. 'savve sayakamma kappiyA / ' -sUtrakRtAMga 1/2/6/ 2. 'ja jArisa puvvamakAsi kamma, tameva Agacchati saMparAe / ' -sUtrakRtAMga 1/5/2/23 3. (ka) katArameva aNujAi kammaM / -uttarAdhyayana sUtra 13/23 - (kha) paralogakaDA kammA ihaloe veijjati, ihalogakaDA kammA (vi) ihaloe veijjati / " . - bhagavatI sUtra For Personal & Private Use Only

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50 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) yadyapi prAcIna karma phala bhogane ke bAda chUTa jAte haiM, aura unake sthAna para naye-naye karma Ate aura baMdhate jAte haiN| yaha silasilA mukta na hone taka. ananta-ananta janmoM se calatA rahA hai aura clegaa| karma-astitva se inkAra : ihajanmavAdiyoM dvArA kintu katipaya dharma, darzana yA mata-panya isa mAnyatA ko svIkAra nahIM krte| cArvAka Adi kaI nAstika darzana to karma ke astitva ko mAnane se sarvathA inkAra karate haiM, taba phira ve ananta-ananta pUrvajanmoM aura bhaviSya ke punarjanmoM ko mAnate hI kaise ? . karma ke astitva ke mUlAdhAra H pUrvajanma aura punarjanma cUMki karma ke astitva ke mUlAdhAra pUrvajanma aura punarjanma hai; unako mAne binA ihalokakRta karmoM ke phala kI tathA isase pUrva kaI janmoM meM kiye hue karmoM ke zubhAzubha phala kI vyavasthA hI nahIM bntii| isalie karma ke astitva ke sabase bar3e AdhAra pUrvajanma aura punarjanma banate haiN| pUrvajanma aura punarjanma : kyoM mAne jAe~ ? agara pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ye donoM na hoM taba to yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA thA ki 'karma janma-janmAntara taka phala dete haiM aura jaba taka jIva mukta nahIM ho jAtA, taba taka ve avicchinnarUpa se usake sAtha saMlagna rahate haiN|' kintu bhAratIya darzanoM ke itihAsa kA adhyayana karane se yaha tathya sUrya ke prakAza kI taraha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kevala cArvAka darzana ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI darzanoM ne 'karma' kI siddhi ke lie pUrvajanma aura punarjanma donoM ko ekamata se mAnA hai| sabhI bhAratIya Astika darzana isa tathya se pUrNatayA sahamata haiM ki "apane kiye hue karmoM kA kSaya unakA phala bhoge binA karor3oM kalpoM taka nahIM ho paataa|" kucha karma isa prakAra ke hote haiM, jinakA phala isI janma meM aura kabhI-kabhI tatkAla mila jAtA hai, kintu kucha karma isa prakAra ke hote haiM, jinakA phala isa janma meM nahIM mila pAtA, agale janma meM yA phira kaI janmoM ke bAda milatA hai| pratyeka prANI kI jIvana yAtrA : kaI janmoM se, kaI janmoM taka kaI bAra hama dekhate haiM ki eka atIva sajjana, nItimAna evaM dharmiSTha vyakti satkArya karane para bhI isa janma meM unake phalasvarUpa sukha nahIM pAtA, jaba ki eka durjana, adharmI aura pApI vyakti kukRtya karane para bhI isa janma meM lokavyavahAra kI dRSTi se sukha aura sampannatA prApta kara letA hai| 1. (ka) nAmukta kSIyate karma klpkottishtairpi| (sa) kaDANa kammANa na mokkha atyi / -uttarAdhyayana sUtra 4/2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma-1 51 aisI paristhati ko dekhakara vartamAna yuga ke nAstika athavA karma siddhAnta ke rahasya se anabhijJa kaI vyakti yaha kaha baiThate haiM-"karmavijJAna meM bar3A andhera hai| anyathA dharmiSTha duHkhI aura pApiSTha sukhI kyoM hotA ?" ___ isake samAdhAna ke lie karmavijJAna ke marmajJa kahate haiM-kisI bhI prANI kI jIvana-yAtrA kevala isI janma taka sImita nahIM hai| usakI jIvana yAtrA Age bhI, karmamukta hone se pahale-kaI janmoM taka cala sakatI hai| isI prakAra isakI jIvanayAtrA isa janma se pUrva bhI kaI janmoM se calI A rahI hai| yahI janma usakI yAtrA kA antima par3Ava nahIM hai| isalie sukarmoM yA duSkarmoM kA phala to avazyameva milatA hai, isa janma meM nahIM to, agale janmoM meN| katipaya kRtakarmoM kA phala isa janma meM milatA hai, aura kaI karmoM kA phala bAda ke janma yA janmoM meM prApta hotA hai| jina karmoM kA phala isa janma meM nahIM milatA, unake phala bhoga ke lie karma-saMyukta prANI karmavazAt pUrvavartI sthUla zarIra ko chor3akara uttaravartI nayA zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai| 'bhagavadgItA' meM isa tathya ko spaSTatayA abhivyakta kiyA hai"jaise vastra phaTa jAne yA jIrNa-zIrNa ho jAne para dehadhArI jIva unakA tyAga karake naye vastra dhAraNa karatA hai, usI prakAra zarIra ke jIrNa-zIrNa ho jAne para vyakti use chor3akara naye-naye zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai| AtmA ke dvArA pUrvavartI zarIra ko chor3akara uttaravartI nUtana zarIra dhAraNa karanApUrvajanma kahalAtA hai, aura isa janma ke zarIra ko AyuSya pUrNa hone para chor3akara karmAnusAra agale janma kA nayA zarIra dhAraNa karanA punarjanma kahalAtA hai| pUrvajanma evaM punarjanma ko bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne punarbhavapUrvabhava janmAntara, pretyabhAva, paraloka, paryAya-parivartana, tathA bhavAntara bhI kahA hai| pUrvajanma yA punarjanma ke samaya zarIra naSTa hotA hai, AtmA nahIM .. pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke sAtha-sAtha yaha siddhAnta avazya dhyAna meM rakhanA hai ki pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke samaya ukta prANI kI AtmA nahIM 1. vAsAMsi jIrNAni yathA vihAya, navAni gRhaNAti naro'parANi / tathA zarIrANi vihAya, jIrNAnyanyAni saMyAti navAni dehI // - bhagavadgItA 2/22 .2 (ka) pretyabhAvaH prlokH| - aSTasahasrI pR. 88 / (kha) mRtvA punarbhavanaM pretyabhAvaH / - vahI pR. 165 (ga) pretyabhAvo janmAntaralakSaNaH / - vahI pR. 181 ? (gha) pretyA'mutra-bhavAntare / amarakoSa For Personal & Private Use Only

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52 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) badalatI, kevala zarIra aura usase sambandhita sajIva-nirjIva padArthoM kA saMyoga karmAnusAra badalatA hai| AtmA kA kadApi vinAza nahIM hotA, usakI paryAyoM meM parivartana hotA hai| pUrva-paryAya meM jo AtmA thI, vahI uttaraparyAya meM bhI rahatI hai| mRtyu kA artha sthUla-zarIra kA vinaSTa honA hai, AtmA kA naSTa honA nhiiN| jaisA ki 'paMcAstikAya' meM batAyA gayA haizarIradhArI manuSya rUpa se naSTa ho kara 'deva' hotA hai athavA nAraka Adi anya koI hotA hai, parantu ubhayatra usakA jIvabhAva (Atmatva) naSTa nahIM hotA, aura na hI vaha (AtmA) anyarUpa meM utpanna hotA hai|' alpajJoM ko janma se pUrva evaM mRtyu ke bAda kI avasthA kA patA nahIM bahudhA hama dekhate haiM ki jIva do avasthAoM se gujaratA hai| vaha janma letA hai, yaha prathama avasthA hai aura eka dina mara jAtA hai, yaha dvitIya avasthA hai| janma aura maraNa kI donoM avasthAe~ parokSa nahIM haiM, hamAre sAmane pratyakSa haiN| prANiyoM meM sarvazreSTha, buddhimAn aura vicArazIla mAnava hajAroM-lAkhoM varSoM se yaha cintana karatA A rahA hai ki janma se pUrva vaha kyA thA ? aura mRtyu ke pazcAta vaha kyA banegA ? vaidika kAla ke RSiyoM meM prArambhika yugoM (Primitive period) meM isakI jijJAsA tIvra rahI hai kira "yaha maiM kauna hU~ ? athavA kaisA hU~ ? maiM jAna nahIM paataa|" AtmA ke sambandha meM hI nahIM, vizva (samasta carAcara jagat) ke viSaya meM bhI 'Rgveda' ke RSi kI zaMkA thI-3 "vizva kA yaha mUla tattva taba. asat nahIM thA, yA sat nahIM thA, kauna jAne !" "janma se pUrva aura mRtyu ke pazcAt"-maiM kauna thA, kyA banUMgA ? kahA~ jAU~gA? ina praznoM ko isI sandarbha meM samAhita karane kA prayatna kiyA gyaa| ina praznoM kA samAdhAna una mahApuruSoM ne kiyA, jo vItarAga, sarvajJa-sarvadarzI evaM pratyakSajJAnI the| jinhoMne svayaM, anubhava aura sAkSAtkAra kara liyA thA-jIvana aura mRtyu kaa| AcArAMga sUtra meM isI sandarbha meM isa yuga ke antima tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke udgAra haiM 1. maNussatteNa NaTTho dehI, devo havedi idaro vA / ubhayatta jIvabhAvo Na Nassadi Na jAyade aNNo / 2. na vA jAnAmi yadiva idamasmi' / 3. nA'sadAsIta no sadAsIt tadAnIm / 4. ko'haM kathamidaM jAtaM, ko vai kartA'sya vidyate ? upAdAnaM kimastIha ? vicAraH so'yamIdRzaH / / -paMcAstikAya gA-17 - Rgveda 1/164/37 -Rgveda 10/129 - zaMkarAcArya praznottarI For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma - astitva ke mUlAdhAra pUrvajanma aura punarjanma - 1 53 'saMsAra meM kaI logoM ko yaha saMjJA (samyakjJAna) nahIM hotI ki "maiM pUrva dizA se AyA hU~, dakSiNa dizA se AyA hU~, pazcima dizA se AyA hU~, uttara dizA se AyA hU~, Urdhva dizA se AyA hU~, adhodizA se AyA hU~ athavA anya kisI dizA yA anudizA se maiM AyA huuN| " "isI prakAra kaI logoM ko yaha jJAta nahIM hotA ki merI AtmA aupapAtika (punarjanma karane vAlI hai, athavA pUrvajanma se AI) hai, athavA aisI nahIM hai, maiM kauna thA ? athavA maiM yahA~ se cyavakara (AyuSya samApta hote hI mara kara) AgAmI loka (paraloka) meM kyA hoU~gA ?" " pratyakSajJAniyoM dvArA kathita pUrvajanma- punarjanma vRttAnta pratyakSajJAnI tIrthaMkaroM tathA unake gaNadharoM, vizeSataH zrI gautama svAmI, sudharmAsvAmI Adi ne, evaM pazcAdvartI jJAnI AcAryoM evaM munivaroM ne aneka zAstroM evaM granthoM meM pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke astitva ko siddha karane vAle ghaTanAcakroM kA yatra-tatra ullekha kiyA hai| jaina kathAoM, mahAkAvyoM, nATakoM; evaM stotroM Adi meM bhI yatra-tatra sarvatra pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke sambandha meM aneka saMvAda aura vRtAnta milate haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrvabhavoM kA ullekha sarvaprathama hameM Avazyaka - niyukti, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, AvazyakacUrNi Avazyaka haribhadrIya vRtti, Avazyaka malayagiri vRtti, cauppanna mahApurisa cariyaM meM milatA hai| kalpasUtra (AcArya bhadrabAhusvAmI racita) kI TIkAoM meM varNita bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke tIrthaMkara bhava se pUrva ke 27 bhavoM (janmoM) kA varNana pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kI mu~habolatI kahAnI hai| " isI prakAra bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke dasa bhavoM kA varNana bhI kalpasUtra TIkA triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra Adi zAstroM evaM granthoM meM milatA hai| isameM bha. pArzvanAtha ke sAtha kaI janmoM taka janma-maraNa ke rUpa meM kamaTha kI 1. ihamegesiM No saNNA bhavai, taMjahA - puratyimAo vA disAo Agao ahamaMsi, dAhiNAo vA disAo Agao ahamaMsi, paccatthimAo vA disAo Agao ahamasi, uttarAo vA disAo Agao ahamaMsi, uDDhAo vA disAo ArAo ahamaMsi, aho disAo vA Agao ahamaMsi, aNNayarIo disAo aNudisAo vA Agao ahamaMsi / " - " evamegesi No NAyaM bhavai - atthi me AyA uvavAie Natthi me AyA uvavAie, ke ahaM AsI ? kevAio cue iha peccA bhavissAmi / " - AcArAMga sUtra zru. 1, a. 1, u. 1, sU. 1-2. 2. kalpa sUtra (bhagavAna mahAvIra kA paMca kalyANaka varNana ) (saM. upAcArya devendramuni) For Personal & Private Use Only

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54 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) vaira-paramparA cAlU rhii| yaha ghaTanA cakra bhI pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke astitva ko asaMdigdha rUpa se ujagara karatA hai| ' isI prakAra satI rAjImatI ke sAtha ariSTanemi tIrthaMkara kA pichale nau janmoM kA sneha thaa| tIrthaMkara bhava meM unheM una nau janmoM kI smRti huI / yaha carita bhI pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kI siddhi ko abhivyakta karatA hai| ? aura bhI RSabhadeva, zAntinAtha, mallinAtha Adi tIrthaMkaroM ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ko svIkAra karane ko bAdhya karatA hai| zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pAvApurI ke apane antima pravacana meM uttarAdhyayana sUtra varNita kaI adhyayanoM meM pUrvajanma - punarjanma kI smRti kA ullekha spaSTataH kiyA hai| isI sUtra kA namipravrajyA adhyayana bhI pUrvajanma ke astitva kA sAkSI hai| isameM devaloka se manuSya loka meM Ae hue namirAja kA moha upazAnta hone para pUrvajanma ke smaraNa kA tathA anuttaradharma meM svayaM sambuddha hokara pravrajita hone kA spaSTa ullekha hai| 4 uttarAdhyayana sUtra kA citra sambhUtIya adhyayana to chaha janmoM taka citra aura sambhUta ke sAtha-sAtha janma lene kI ghaTanAe~ pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kI zrRMkhalA kA jvalanta pramANa haiN| unake chaha janma isa prakAra batAye gae haiM - (1) gopAla putradvaya ne munidIkSA grahaNa kI, AyuSya pUrNa kara munijIvana meM jugupsAvRtti ke kAraNa dAsI putra hue, (2) sarpadaMza se mara kara vanya mRga bane, (3) zikArI ke bANa se mara kara rAjahaMsa hue, (4) bhUtadatta cANDAla ke putra hue, nAma rakhA gayA - citra aura smbhuuti| tatpazcAt jAtimadAndha logoM dvArA tiraskRta hone se donoM ne eka zAnta muni se dIkSA grahaNa kii| utkaTa tapasyA ke phalasvarUpa kaI labdhiyA~ prApta huI / 1. (ka) triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra (pArzvanAtha carita) 9 / 3 (kha) pArzvanAtha carita, bha. pArzva : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 2. triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra parva 8 3. (ka) vahI, parva. 1, 3/15, 3/18 (kha) jJAtA dharmakathA 8 4. dekheM - uttarAdhyayana sUtra 3 / 9 (saM. sAdhvI candanA) kI ye gAthAe~ - caiUNa devalogAo uvavanno mANusaMmi logammi / uvasaMta mohaNijjo, saraI porANiyaM jAI // 1 // jAI saritu, bhayavaM sahasaMbuddho aNuttare dhamme / puttaM Thavettu rajje, abhiNikkhamaI namI rAyA // 2 // - upAcArya devendra muni For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma - astitva ke mUlAdhAra pUrvajanma aura punarjanma - 1 eka bAra hastinApura meM sambhUta muni ko bhikSATana karate dekha vahA~ rAjyamaMtrI namuci ne unheM mArapITa kara nagara ke bAhara khader3a diyaa| sambhUtamuni kA krodha bhar3akA, tejolezyA chor3I, jisase sArA nagara dhUmAcchanna ho gyaa| bhayabhIta nAgarikoM evaM parivAra sahita cakravartI ne Akara kSamAyAcanA kii| kopa zAnta to huA, kintu sambhUta svatapa ke prabhAva se bhAvI janma meM cakravartI banane kA nidAna kara baitthaa| phalataH vahA~ se AyuSya pUrNa kara donoM devaloka meM ge| pAMca janmoM taka sAtha-sAtha janme hue citra aura sambhUta chaThe manuSya loka meM alaga-alaga jagaha meM janme / sambhUta apane nidAnAnusAra kampilanagara meM brahmadatta cakravartI banA aura citra apanI saMyamArAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa purimatAla nagara meM zreSThI - putra banA / 55 eka bAra brahmadatta cakravartI ko nATaka dekhate-dekhate pUrva ke pAMca janmoM kA smaraNa huaa| phalataH vaha apane pAMca pUrvajanmoM ke sAthI mitra ko yAda karake zokamagna ho gyaa| usakI khoja ke lie usane eka zloka kA pUrvArdha taiyAra kiyA 'Asva dAsau mRgau haMsau, mAtaMgAvamarau tathA / ' isa ardhazloka kI pUrti karane vAle ko AdhA rAjya dene kI ghoSaNA krvaaii| parantu isa rahasya kA kise patA thA ? saMyogavaza citra (ka jIva) ko bhI jAtismaraNa jJAna huaa| pichale pAMca janma unake samakSa calacitravat spaSTa dRSTigocara hue| ve muni bane aura vihAra karate hue kampilyanagara meM pdhaare| udyAna meM tthhre| vahA~ ke arahaTTa cAlaka ke muMha se AdhA zloka sunakara muni ne usakI pUrti kara dI - 'eSA no SaSThikA jAtiranyonyAbhyAM viyuktayoH / " isakI pUrti kA rahasya khulane para cakravartI apane pUrva pAMca janmoM ke sAthI muni se mile aura pichale pUrvajanmoM ke donoM sAthiyoM ke isa janma meM . viyoga hone ke kAraNoM para paraspara vicAra-vimarza huaa| anta meM donoM sadA ke lie eka dUsare se viyukta ho ge| 1. (kaM) dekhiye uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 13 kI citra sambhUtIya kathA / .: (kha) sambhUti ke jIva brahmadatta cakravartI ke udgAra chaha janmoM ke sambandha meM : cakravartI - Asiyo bhAyarA do vi annamannavasANugA / annamannamaNurattA anna-manna hiesiNo // 5 // dAsA dasaNe AsI, miyA kAliMjare nage / haMsA mayaMgatIre ya sovAgA kAsibhUmIe // 6 // devAya devalogammi AsI amhe mahiDDiyA / imA no chaTThiyA jAI, annamantreNa jA viNA // 7 // muni - "kammA niyANappagaDA, tume rAya ! viciMtayA / tesiM phalavivAgeNa vippaoga muvAgayA // 8 // For Personal & Private Use Only

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56 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) chaha janmoM kI ye lagAtAra ghaTanAe~ pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kI siddhi ke atirikta sva-svapUrvakRta karmoM ke phalasvarUpa pUrvajanma aura punarjanma meM bhI tadanusAra phala prApti ke siddhAnta kA bhI samarthana karatI haiM / ' isase Age iSukArIya adhyayana bhI pUrvajanma kI siddhi ke lie paryApta hai| isa adhyayana meM bhRgu-purohita ke donoM putroM ko apane pUrvajanma kA tathA usa janma meM Acarita tapa-saMyama kA smaraNa karake virakta hone kA spaSTa varNana hai| ' saMjayIya adhyayana meM to spaSTataH punarjanma aura zubhAzubha karma kA anyonyAzraya sambandha rUpa gaThabandhana batAte hue kahA gayA hai- "jo sukhaMda yA duHkhada karma jisa vyakti ne kiye haiM, vaha apane una karmoM se yukta hokara parabhava meM jAtA hai, arthAt - apane kRtakarmAnusAra punarjanma pAtA hai|" 3 isake pazcAt unnIsavA~ mRgAputrIya adhyayana bhI pUrvajanma ke astitva ko spaSTataH siddha karatA hai| isameM mRgAputra apane pUrvajanma kA tathA devaloka bhava se pUrvajanma meM Acarita paMcamahAvratarUpa zramaNa dharma kA smaraNa karatA hai, sAtha hI naraka aura tiryaJcagati meM prApta huI bhayaMkara vedanAoM aura yAtanAoM ko sahana karane kA bhI varNana karatA hai| * 1. muni - tIse ya jAIi u pAviyAe; bucchAmu sovAga-nisevaNesu / savvassa logassa dugaMchaNijjA, iha tu kammAI purekaDAI // " 2. piyaputtagA donni vi mAhaNassa, sakammasIlassa purohiyassa / sarittu porANiya tatya jAI, tahA suciNNaM tava saMjamaM ca // ... tamhA gihaMsi na raI labhAo, AmaMtayAmo carissAmu moNaM // 3. teNAvi jaM kayaM kammaM, suhaM vA jai vA duhaM / kammuNA teNa saMjutto, gacchai u paraM bhavaM // 4. devaloga - cuo saMto, mANussaM bhavamAgao / sanninANe samuppanne jAI sarai purANayaM // 8 // jAisaraNe samupanne miyAputte mahiDDie / karai porANiyaM jAI, sAmaNNaM ca purA kayaM // 9 // suyANi me paMca- mahavvayANi, naraesa dukkhaM ca tirikkha joNisu // 11 // jarAmaraNakaMtAre cAurate bhayAgare, ma soDhANi bhImANi jammANi maraNANi ya // 47 // savvabhavesu asAyA veyaNA veiyA mae / nimesaMtaramittaM pi jaM sAyA natthi veyaNA // 74 // - uttarA. a. 13 gA. 19 - uttarA. a. 14. gA. 5-7 -uttarAdhyayana a. 18 gA. 17 For Personal & Private Use Only - uttarA. a. 19

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karma - astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma - 1 57 isake atirikta sukha-vipAkasUtra aura duHkhavipAka sUtra meM to pUrvakRta zubha (puNya) aura azubha (pApa) karmoM ke phalasvarUpa prApta hue sukhada-duHkhada janma kA tathA usake pazcAt usa janma meM arjita zubhAzubha karmoM ke phalasvarUpa agale janma meM svarga-naraka prApti rUpa phala (vipAka) kA nirUpaNa subAhukumAra Adi kI vizada kathAoM dvArA spaSTa rUpa se abhivyakta kara diyA hai| ' isake atirikta samarAditya kevalI kI kathA bhI pUrvajanma aura punarjanma-sambandhI aneka ghaTanAoM se paripUrNa hai| samarAditya ke sAtha-sAtha dveSavaza unakA virodhI lagAtAra kaI janmoM taka vibhinna yoniyoM meM janma lekara vaira vasUla karatA hai| udhara samarAditya bhI pUrvakRta zubhakarmavaza sAttvika evaM pavitrakuloM meM janma lekara, sAdhanAzIla bana jAne para bhI azubhakarmavaza bAraMbAra vairI ke dvArA kaSTa pAte haiN| ve pratyeka bhava meM kucha manda kaSAya evaM manda rAga-dveSa se tathA kucha samabhAva se kaSTa sahakara pUrvakRta karmoM kA phala bhogakara dhIre- dhIre karma kSaya karate jAte haiN| kaI janmoM taka yaha silasilA calatA hai| isa prakAra ve cAra ghAti karmoM kA kSaya karake vItarAga kevalI bana jAte haiM - aura anta meM, zeSa rahe zarIra se sambaddha cAra aghAti-karmoM ko bhI kSaya karake siddha, buddha, mukta ho jAte haiN| isI prakAra aneka jainAcAryoM dvArA racita jaina kathAoM meM prAyaH pratyakSajJAnI (avadhijJAnI yA manaHparyAyajJAnI) se apane dvArA kRtakarmoM ke phalasvarUpa duHkha pAne ke kAraNoM kI pRcchA karane para ve usake pUrvajanma kI ghaTanA ko prastuta karate haiN| satI aMjanA, candanabAlA, draupadI, subhadrA, kuntI, damayantI, prabhAvatI, kalAvatI Adi satiyoM ko jo bhayaMkara kaSTa sahane par3e, unake pIche bhI pUrvajanmakRta karmoM kA hAtha hai, yaha pratyeka satI kI jIvana gAthA se spaSTa pratIta hotA hai| una pratyakSa samyagjJAniyoM meM kisI ke prati pakSapAta, rAgadveSa, IrSyAlobha Adi kASAyika vikAra nahIM the, isalie unake lie pUrvajanmapunarjanma kA apalApa karane yA asatya kahane kA to koI prazna hI nahIM thA / 1. isake vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekhiye - sukhavipAkasUtra evaM duHkhavipAkasUtra / 2. vizeSa vivaraNa ke liye dekhiye 'samarAiccakahA' (samarAdityakathA) (AcArya haribhadra sUra) 3. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekhiye, - solaha satI, jaina kathAe~, jainakathAmAlA Adi pustakeM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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58 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) Apta kA lakSaNa bhI yahI hai-jo vItarAga ho, 18 doSoM se rahita ho, sarvajJa ho, sarvahitaiSI ho|' sarvajJa vItarAga prabhuvacanoM se pUrvajanma-punarjanma aura karma kA avinAbhAvI sambandha isake atirikta AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, vipAkasUtra, nirayAvalikAdi zAstroM meM bhI pratyakSajJAnI Apta puruSoM ne sarvatra yahI pratidhvanita kiyA hai, ki jo AtmavAdI hotA hai, vaha lokavAdI avazya hotA hai| arthAt-vaha ihaloka-paraloka, yA svarga-naraka-manuSyaloka-tiryaJca loka ko avazya mAnatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM vaha pUrvajanma-punarjanma ko aMsadigdha rUpa se mAnatA hai| aura jo lokavAda ko mAnatA hai, use ihaloka meM Anejanma lene aura mRtyu ke bAda vividha paralokoM meM jAne ke mukhya kAraNa'karmavAda' ko avazya hI mAnanA par3atA hai| ____kyoMki karmoM ke kAraNa hI kArmaNa zarIrayukta AtmA kA ihalokaparaloka meM AvAgamana hotA hai| isa prakAra pratyakSajJAniyoM ke vacanoM se pUrvajanma-punarjanma kA astitva siddha hone se 'karma' kA astitva bhI niHsandeharUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai| pratyakSajJAniyoM dvArA karma ke sAtha atIta-anAgata jIvana kA nirdeza jo itanA samajhAne para bhI pratyakSajJAniyoM ke kathana para vizvAsa nahIM karate, una bhrAnta logoM ko phira caubIsaveM tIrthakara vItarAga sarvajJa mahAvIra svAmI ne pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke astitva ke sAtha karma ke avicchinna pravAha ko phira se samajhAte hue kahA hai- . ___"kaI jIva (AtmA) isa jIvana se pUrva kA aura isa jIvana ke Age (dUsare jIvana) kA smaraNa-cintana hI nahIM karate ki isa jIva kA atIta kyA thA aura isakA bhaviSya kyA hai ?" __ "isako lekara kitane hI mAnava yoM kaha dete haiM ki isa saMsAra meM isa jIva kA jo atIta thA, vahI (vaisA hI) bhaviSya hogaa| kintu tathAgata 1. AptenocchinnadoSeNa sarvajJenAgamezinA / bhavitavyaM niyogena, nA'nyathA hyAptatA bhavet // 5 // kSutpipAsAjarA''taMka-janmAtaMka-bhaya-smayAH / na rAga-dveSamohAzca yasyAptaH sa prakIrtyate // 6 // -ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra zlo. 5-6 2. 'se AyAvAdI loyAvAdI kammAvAdI kiriyAvAdI / -AcArAMgasUtra zru. 1, a. 1, u. 1, sU. 5 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma - astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma - 1 59 (yathArtha jJAtA sarvajJa) atItArtha ko - atIta ke anusAra hI bhaviSya ke hone kI bAta ko, athavA bhaviSyArtha ko - bhaviSya ke anusAra atIta ke hone kI bAta ko, nahIM svIkAra krte| unakA kahanA hai - atIta (pUrvajanma) athavA bhaviSya (punarjanma - AgAmI janma) jIvoM ke apane-apane kRtakarmoM ke anusAra hI hotA hai| arthAt pUrva-janma ho yA punarjanma sabhI karmAnusArI haiN| ataH pavitra AcaraNa - yukta maharSi isa siddhAnta ko, athavA pUrvajIvana, punarjIvana yA vartamAna jIvana ke karma se avicchinna sambandha ko jAnakara karmoM ko (tapazcaraNa Adi se ) dhunakara kSaya kara ddaale|" 1 isa siddhAnta kI puSTi ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne spaSTarUpa se kahA - "atIta meM jaisA bhI jo kucha (acchA yA burA) karma kiyA gayA hai, bhaviSya meM vaha usa usa karma ke anusAra usI rUpa meM upasthita hotAAtA hai|" kyoMki "sabhI prANI apane- apane pUrvakRta karmoM ke kAraNa vibhinna gatiyoM-yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karate rahate haiN|" 2 - atIta (pUrva) loka (gati) se Agamana (Agati) aura bhaviSya meM (yahA~ se paraloka meM) gati ko bhalIbhAMti jAnakara adRzyamAna ina donoM antoMjanma aura maraNa yA rAga aura dveSa kA jo tyAga kara detA hai, vaha phira samagra loka meM kisI ke dvArA chinna, viddha, dagdha yA naSTa nahIM hotA / * pratyakSajJAniyoM ne parokSajJAniyoM ko yuktipUrvaka samajhAyA pratyakSajJAniyoM ne apane anubhava aura pratyakSa jJAna (kavalajJAna) ke ` AdhAra para jaba pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke astitva ke viSaya meM spaSTa samAdhAna diyA, taba parokSajJAna (indriya pratyakSa) ke adhikAriyoM meM UhApoha prArambha huaa| kintu pratyakSajJAniyoM ke anubhavasiddha niSpakSa kathana ko ve parokSajJAnI kaise pakar3a pAte ?, use samajhane ke lie unameM vikala pratyakSa jJAna kI bhI kucha jhAMkI hotI to samajha pAte, anyathA, ve kaise samajha pAte ? - 1. avareNa puvviM na saraMti ege kimassatIya, kiMvA AgamissaM ? bhAsaMti ege iha mANavAo jamassa tIyaM tayAgamissaM / nAIyama na ca AgamissaM, aTuM niyacchaMti tahAgayA ya / vikappe eyANupassI, NijjhosaittA khavage mahesI // - AcArAMga 1/3/3/40 2. (ka) jaM jArisaM puvvamakAsi kammaM, tameva Agacchati saMparAe / ' - sUtrakRtAMga, 1/5/2/23 (kha) savve saya kamma kappiyA / - sUtrakRtAMga 1/2/6/18 3. " AgaI gaI pariNNAya, dohiM vi aMtehiM adissamANehiM, se Na chijjai, Na bhijjai, Na ujjhai, Na hammai kaMcaNa savvaloe / " - AcArAMga 1/3/3/400 For Personal & Private Use Only

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60 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1)) parokSajJAnI kevala zabdoM ko pakar3a pAtA hai, athavA vaha tIvra jijJAsa aura paramazraddhAlu ho to Agama-pramANa (vItarAga-sarvajJa-Aptavacana) ke dvArA unako (pUrvajanma evaM punarjanma ko) zraddhApUrvaka mAna sakatA hai| parantu jisameM zraddhA bhI na ho, tIvra jijJAsA bhI na ho, vaha tarka, yukti, anumAna, jalpa aura vitaNDA ke AdhAra para apanI pUrvagRhIta bAta ko hI siddha karane kA prayatna karatA hai| vaha pratyakSajJAniyoM kI bAta ko samajhane kA prayAsa prAyaH nahIM krtaa| aisA vyakti bhI yadi jijJAsubuddhi se, saralamati se samajhanA cAhe to pratyeka tathya ko tarka evaM anumAnAdi zabdoM kI zAna para car3hAkara samajha sakatA hai| ataH pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke pratyakSajJAniyoM ne jaba sarvaprathama . anubhava siddha samAdhAna diyA to buddhivAdI dArzanikoM ne jijJAsA kI"pUrvajanma evaM punarjanma hotA hai, isakA kyA pramANa hai ?" unhoMne unhIM kI bhASA meM uttara diyA-"hamArA vartamAna janma jo pratyakSa hai, vaha madhya virAma hai| yadi madhya janma hai to usase pahale bhI koI janma thA, aura pazcAt bhI koI janma hogaa| madhya usI kA hotA hai, jisakA pUrva aura pazcAt ho| ataH unhoMne spaSTa kahA-"jisakA pUrva nahIM hai aura pazcAt nahIM hai, usakA madhya kaise hogA ?" madhyajanma pratyakSa hai, isalie siddha hotA hai ki pUrvajanma bhI hai aura pazcAt (punaH) janma bhI hai|' isa para vibhinna dArzanikoM ne apane-apane tarkoM ke tIra chodd'e| unhoMne darzana ke maidAna meM bauddhika karoM se tarka ke phuTabAla ko bahuta uchaalaa| inameM se adhikAMza dArzanikoM kA tarka kA phuTabAla ThIka sthAna para jA lagA aura usane gola (lakSya) pAra kara liyaa| vibhinna dArzanikoM ke tarka, yuktiyoM aura anumAnoM Adi ke dvArA kaise-kaise punarjanma aura pUrvajanma ko siddha kiyA ? usakI saMkSipta jhAMkI agale nibandha meM prastuta kreNge| 1. (ka) jassa natyi purA pacchA majjhe tassa kuo siyaa| -AcArAMga zru. 1, a. 4, u. 4 (kha) ghaTa-ghaTa dIpa jale ( yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) meM prakAzita 'pUrvajanma-punarjanma' se, pR. 53 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma-2 61 karma-astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma-2 punarjanma ko mAne binA vartamAna jIvana kI yathArtha vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM jIvana kA jo svarUpa vartamAna meM dikhAI par3a rahA hai, vaha utane hI taka sImita nahIM hai; apitu usakA sambandha ananta bhUtakAla aura ananta bhaviSya ke sAtha jur3A huA hai| vartamAna jIvana to usa ananta zrRMkhalA kI eka kar3I hai| bhArata ke jitane bhI Astika darzana haiM, ve saba punarjanma aura pUrvajanma kI vizada carcA karate haiN| punarjanma aura pUrvajanma ko mAne binA vartamAna jIvana kI yathArtha vyAkhyA nahIM ho sktii| punarjanma aura pUrvajanma ko na mAmA jAe to isa janma aura pichale janmoM meM kiye hue zubha-azubha karmoM ke phala kI vyAkhyA bhI nahIM ho sktii|' pratyakSajJAniyoM aura bhAratIya manISiyoM dvArA punarjanma kI siddhi . pratyakSajJAniyoM ne to punarjanma aura parvajanma ke viSaya meM spaSTa udghoSaNA kI hai| unako mAne binA na to AtmA kA avinAzitva siddha hotA hai aura na hI saMsArI jIvoM ke sAtha karma kA anaaditv| bhAratIya manISiyoM ne to hajAroM varSa pUrva apanI antardaSTi se isa tathya ko jAna liyA thA aura AgamoM, vedoM, dharmagranthoM, purANoM, upaniSadoM, smRtiyoM Adi meM isakA spaSTarUpa se pratipAdana bhI kara diyA thaa| - vaidikadharma ke mUrdhanya grantha gItA meM sthAna-sthAna para punarjanma ke siddhAnta kA prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| arjuna ne karmayogI zrI kRSNa se pUchA"deva / yogabhraSTa vyakti kI kyA sthiti hotI hai ?" isake uttara meM zrIkRSNa kahate hai-"vaha yogabhraSTa sAdhaka pavitra aura sAdhana-sampanna manuSya ke ghara janma legA, athavA buddhimAna yogiyoM ke kula meM paidA hogaa|" 1. akhaNDajyoti, sitambara 1979 meM prakAzita lekha se sAra-saMkSepa, pR. 18 2. "zucInAM zrImatAMgehe yogabhraSTo'bhijAyate / / athavA yoginAmeva kule bhavati dhiimtaam||" -gItA a. 6, zloka 41-42 For Personal & Private Use Only

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62 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) isakA artha yaha huA ki pichale janma kI vizeSatAoM evaM saMskAroM kI prApti dUsare janma meM hotI hai| janma ke sAtha dikhAI par3ane vAlI Akasmika vizeSatAoM kA kAraNa pUrvajanma ke karma hote haiN| usakA pramANa gItA ke agale zloka meM aMkita hai- "vaha apane pUrvajanma ke bauddhika saMyogoM tathA saMskAroM ko prApta karake punaH mokSasiddhi ke liye prayatna karatA hai|" duSkarmoM ke phalasvarUpa agale janma meM prANI nimnagati aura yoni ko pAtA hai, isake lie gItA kahatI hai-"nikRSTa karma karane vAle krUra, dveSI aura duSTa narAdhamoM ko nirantara AsurI yoniyoM meM phaikatA rahatA huuN|"2 ____ jo loga bhautika zarIra kI mRtyu ke sAtha hI jIvana kI itizrI samajha lete haiM, unheM paurvAtya aura pAzcAtya dArzanikoM, dharmazAstriyoM, smRtikAroM, AgamakAroM aura vicArakoM ne tarkoM, pramANoM, yuktiyoM, prayogoM aura anubhavoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha kara diyA ki punarjanma kA siddhAnta kAlpanika ur3Ana nahIM hai| vibhinna darzanoM aura dharmagranthoM meM karma aura punarjanma kA nirUpaNa Rgveda meM karma aura punarjanma kA saMketa-'Rgveda' vaidika sAhitya meM sabase prAcIna dharmazAstra mAnA jAtA hai| usakI eka RcA meM batAyA gayA hai ki "mRta manuSya kI A~kha sUrya ke pAsa aura AtmA vAyu ke pAsa jAtI hai, tathA yaha AtmA apane dharma (arthAt kama) ke anusAra pRthvI meM, svarga meM, jala meM aura vanaspati meM jAtI hai| isa prakAra karma aura punarjanma ke sambandha kA sarvAdhika prAcIna saMketa prApta hotA hai| upaniSadoM meM karma aura punarjanma kA ullekha-kaThopaniSad' meM naciketA ke udgAra haiM-"jaise annakaNa pakate haiM aura vinaSTa ho jAte haiM, phira ve punaH utpanna hote haiM, vaise hI manuSya bhI jItA hai, maratA hai aura punaH janma letA hai|" __ vRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM spaSTa kahA hai-5 "mRtyukAla meM AtmA netra, mastiSka athavA anya zarIra-pradeza meM se utkramaNa karatI hai| usa samaya - gItA a. 6 zloka 43 1. "tatra taM. buddhi-saMyoga, labhate paurvadehikam / yata te ca tato bhUyaH saMsiddhau kurunandana !" 2. "tAnaha dviSataH krUrAn saMsAreSu narAdhamAn / kSipAmyajasamazubhAnAsurISveva yoniSu / / 3. Rgveda 10/16/3 4. kaThopaniSad 1/1/5-6 5. vRhadAraNyaka upaniSad 4/4/1-2 -gItA a. 16 zlo. 19 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-astitva ke mUlAdhara : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma-2 63 vidyA (jJAna), karma aura pUrvaprajJA usa AtmA kA anusaraNa karatI haiN| isI upaniSad' meM karma kA sarala aura sArabhUta upadeza diyA gayA hai ki "jo AtmA jaisA karma karatA hai, jaisA AcaraNa karatA hai, vaisA hI vaha banatA hai| satkarma karatA hai to acchA banatA hai, pApa karma karane se pApI banatA hai, puNya karma karane se puNyazAlI banatA hai| manuSya jaisI icchA karatA hai, tadanusAra usakA saMkalpa hotA hai, aura jaisA saMkalpa karatA hai, tadanusAra usakA karma hotA aura jaisA karma karatA hai, tadanusAra vaha (isa janma meM yA agale janma meM) banatA hai|" ____ isI upaniSad meM eka sthala para kahA gayA hai-"jisa prakAra tRNajalAyukA mUla tRNa ke sire para jAkara jaba anya tRNa ko pakar3a letI hai, taba mUla tRNa ko chor3a detI hai, vaise hI AtmA vartamAna zarIra ke anta taka pahuMcane ke pazcAt anya AdhAra (zarIra) ko pakar3a kara usameM calI jAtI hai|" kaThopaniSad, meM bhI batAyA gayA hai ki "AtmAe~ apane-apane karma aura zruta ke anusAra bhinna-bhinna yoniyoM meM janma letI haiN|"2 .chAndogya-upaniSad meM bhI kahA hai ki jisakA AcaraNa ramaNIya hai, vaha marakara zubha-yoni meM janma letA hai, aura jisakA AcaraNa duSTa hotA hai, vaha kUkara, zUkara, cANDAla Adi azubha yoniyoM meM janma letA hai|' kauSItakI upaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki "AtmA apane karma aura vidyA ke anusAra kITa, pataMgA, matsya, pakSI, bAgha, siMha, sarpa, mAnava yA anya kisI prANI ke rUpa meM janma letA hai|" - bhagavadgItA meM karma aura punarjanma kA saMketa-bhagavadgItA meM karmAnusAra pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke astitva ko siddha karane vAle aneka pramANa milate hai| gItA meM batAyA hai ki "AtmA kI isa deha meM kaumArya, yuvA evaM vRddhAvasthA hotI hai, vaise hI marane ke bAda anya deha kI prApti hotI hai| usa viSaya meM dhIra puruSa mohita nahIM hotaa|"5 Age kahA gayA hai ki jaise manuSya purAne vastra jIrNa ho jAne para naye vastra dhAraNa karatA hai, vaise hI jIvAtmA yaha zarIra jIrNa ho jAne para purAne zarIra ko tyAga kara naye zarIra ko pAtA hai|" "jisane janma liyA hai, usakI mRtyu nizcit hai, jo mara gayA hai, usakA punaH janma honA bhI nizcita hai| ataH isa aparihArya viSaya meM zoka karanA ucita nahIM hai| isI prakAra zrIkRSNa ne arjuna ko 1. vRhadAraNyaka upaniSad 4/4/3-5 2. kaThopaniSad 2/5/7 3. ghAndogyopaniSad 5/10/7 4. kauSItakI upaniSad 1/2 5. bhagavadgItA a. 2 zloka 13 6.. vahI, a. 2/22 zloka ". vahI, a. 2 zloka 27 . For Personal & Private Use Only

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64 . karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) sambodhita karate hue kahA hai-"he arjuna / mere aura tumhAre bahuta-se janma vyatIta ho cuke haiM, parantu he paraMtapa ! maiM una saba (janmoM) ko jAnatA hU~, tuma nahIM jaante|" eka jagaha gItA meM kahA gayA hai-"jo jJAnavAn hotA hai, vahI bahuta-se janmoM ke anta meM (antima janma meM) mujhe prApta karatA hai|" "he arjuna ! jisa kAla meM zarIra tyAga kara gaye hue yogIjana vApasa na Ane vAlI gati ko, tathA vApasa Ane vAlI gati ko bhI prApta hote haiM, usa kAla (mAga) ko maiM khuuNgaa|"3 pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ko siddha karate hue gItA meM kahA hai-"ve usa vizAla svargaloka kA upabhoga kara puNya kSINa hone para punaH mRtyuloka meM praveza pAte haiN| isI prakAra tIna vedoM meM kathita dharma (sakAma kama) kI zaraNa meM Ae hue aura kAmabhogoM kI kAmanA karane vAle puruSa isI prakAra bAra-bAra vibhinna lokoM (gatiyoM) meM gamanAgamana karate rahate bauddha-dharma-darzana meM karma aura punarjanma' ___anAtmavAdI darzana hote hue bhI bauddha darzana ne karma aura punarjanma ke siddhAnta kA samarthana kiyA hai| pAlitripiTaka meM batAyA gayA hai-"karma se vipAka (karmaphala) prApta hotA hai, phira vipAka (phalabhoga) se karma samudbhUta hote haiM, karmoM se punarjanma hotA hai, isa prakAra yaha saMsAra (loka) calatA (pravRtta hotA) rahatA hai|"5 majjhima-nikAya meM kahA gayA hai-kuzala (zubha) karma sugati kA aura akuzala (azubha) karma durgati kA kAraNa hotA hai|" 6 bodhi prApta karane ke pazcAt tathAgata buddha ko apane pUrvajanmoM kA smaraNa huA thaa| eka bAra unake paira meM kAMTA cubha jAne para unhoMne apane ziSyoM se kahA-"bhikSuo / isa janma se ikAnave janma-pUrva merI zakti (zastra-vizeSa) se eka puruSa kI hatyA ho gaI thii| usI karma ke kAraNa merA paira kAMTe se biMdha gayA hai| isa prakAra bodhi ke pazcAt unhoMne apane-apane karma se prerita prANiyoM ko vividha yoniyoM meM gamanAgamana 1. gItA, a. 4 zloka 5 2. vahI, a.7 zloka 19 3. vahI, a. 8 zloka 23 4. vahI, a. 9 zloka 21 5. kammA vipAkA vattanti, vipAko kammasambhavo / kammA punabbhavo hoti, evaM loko pavattatIti / - 'bauddha darzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana' pR. 478 6. majjhima-nikAya 3/4/5 7. ita ekanavate kalpe, zaktyA me puruSo hataH / tena karmavipAkena pAde viddho'smi bhikSavaH / " -SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma - astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma - 2 65 (gati- agati) karate hue pratyakSa dekhA thaa| unheM yaha jJAna ho gayA thA ki `amuka prANI usake apane karmAnusAra kisa yoni meM janmegA ? isa prakAra kA jJAna unake lie sva-saMvedya anubhava thaa| "" therIgAthA meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki "tathAgata buddha ke kaI ziSyaziSyAoM ko apane-apane pUrvajanmoM aura punarjanmoM kA jJAna thA / " RSidAsI bhikSuNI ne therIgAthA meM apane pUrvajanmoM aura punarjanmoM kA mArmika varNana kiyA hai|' 'dIgha nikAya' meM tathAgata buddha apane ziSyoM se pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kA rahasyodghATana karate hue kahate haiM- "bhikSuo ! isa prakAra dIrghakAla se merA aura tumhArA yaha AvAgamana-saMsaraNa cAra Arya satyoM ke prativedya na hone se ho rahA hai| bauddhadarzana ke anusAra isakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki punarjanma kA mUla kAraNa avidyA (jainadRSTi se bhAvakama) hai| avidyA ke kAraNa saMskAra (mAnasika vAsanA), saMskAra se vijJAna utpanna hotA hai| vijJAna citta kI vaha bhAvadhArA hai, jo pUrvajanma meM kRMta kuzala-akuzala 'karmoM ke kAraNa hotI hai, jisake kAraNa manuSya ko A~kha, kAna Adi se sambandhita anubhUti hotI hai| isa prakAra bauddha dharma-darzana meM bhI karma aura punarjanma kA aTUTa sambandha batAyA gayA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM karma aura punarjanma naiyAyika aura vaizeSika donoM AtmA ko nitya mAnate haiM / "mithyAjJAna se rAga (icchA) dveSa Adi doSa utpanna hote haiN| rAga aura dveSa Adi se dharma aura adharma (puNya aura pApa karma) kI pravRtti hotI hai| isa prakAra kI pravRtti sukha-duHkha ko utpanna karatI hai| phira ye sukha-duHkha jIva meM mithyAjJAnavaza rAga-dveSAdi utpanna karate haiM / " "nyAyasUtra' meM isa tathya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki "mithyAjJAna se rAgadveSAdi, rAgadveSAdi doSoM se pravRtti (dharmAdharma puNya pApa kI ) tathA pravRtti se janma aura janma se duHkha hotA hai|" jaba taka dharmAdharma pravRttijanya saMskAra bane raheMge, taba taka 1. dekhiye - majjhimanikAya kA tevijjavacchagottasutta, bodhirAjakumArasutta aura aMguttaranikAya kA veraMjaka brAhmaNasutta / therIgAthA 400-447 dIghanikAya 2/3 bauddhadarzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, pR. 395 5. (ka) icchA dveSa pUrvikA dharmAdharmayoH pravRttiH / ' (kha) "duHkha - janma - pravRtti - doSa - mithyAjJAnAnAmuttarottarApAye For Personal & Private Use Only - vaizeSikasUtra 6/2/14 - nyAyasUtra 1/1/2

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karma - vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) zubhAzubha karmaphala bhogane ke lie janma-maraNa kA cakra calatA rahegA, jIva naye-naye zarIra grahaNa karatA rahegA / ' zarIragrahaNa karane meM pratikUla vedanIya hone ke kAraNa duHkha kA honA anivArya hai| isa prakAra mithyAjJAna se duHkhaparyanta uttarottara nirantara anuvarttana hotA rahatA hai| 'SaDdarzana - rahasya' meM batAyA hai ki "ghar3I kI taraha satat inakA anuvartana hotA rahatA hai| pravRtti hI punaH AvRtti kA kAraNa hotI hai / " 2 pUrvajanma meM anubhUta viSayoM kI smRti se punarjanma siddhi punarjanma kI siddhi ke lie donoM darzanoM kA mukhya tarka isa prakAra hainavajAta zizu ke mukha para hAsya dekhakara usako hue harSa kA anubhava hotA hai / iSTa viSaya kI prApti hone para jo sukha utpanna hotA hai, vaha harSa kahalAtA hai| navajAta zizu kisI bhI viSaya ko iSTa tabhI mAnatA hai, jaba use aisA smaraNa hotA hai ki tajjAtIya viSaya se pahale use sukhAnubhava huA ho, usa anubhava ke saMskAra par3e hoM, tathA ve saMskAra vartamAna meM ukta viSaya ke upasthita hote hI jAgRta hue hoN| navajAta zizu ko isa janma meM tajjAtIya viSaya kA na to pahale kabhI anubhava huA haiM, na hI vaise saMskAra par3e haiN| phira bhI ukta viSaya se sukhAnubhava hone kI smRti use hotI hai|.. aura vaha ukta viSaya ko vartamAna meM iSTa evaM sukhakara mAnatA hai| isalie yaha mAnanA hI par3egA ki navajAta zizu ko tajjAtIya viSaya se sukhAnubhava huA tathA usa anubhava ke jo saMskAra pUrvajanma meM par3e, ve hI isa janma meM zizu kI AtmA meM haiN| isa prakAra pUrvajanma siddha ho jAtA hai / pUvarjanma siddha hote hI maraNottara punarjanma siddha hotA hai| 66 'siddhivinizcaya' kI TIkA meM isI prakAra punarjanma kI siddhi kI gaI hai - jisa prakAra eka yuvaka kA zarIra zizu kI uttaravartI avasthA hai, isI prakAra navajAta zizu kA zarIra bhI pUrvajanma ke pazcAt hone vAlI avasthA hai| yadi aisA na mAnA jAegA to pUrvajanma meM anubhUta viSaya kA smaraNa aura tadanusAra pravRttiyA~ navajAta zizu meM kadApi hIM ho sakatI haiM, kintu hotI haiM, isalie punarjanma ko aura usase sambaddha pUrvajanma ko mAne binA koI cArA nhiiN| 1. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA pR. 262 2. SaDdarzana - rahasya pR. 135 3. (ka) nyAya-vaizeSika darzana, (kha) siddhivinizcaya TIkA 4/14 pR. 288 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma-2 67 pUrvajanma ke vaira-virodha kI smRti se pUrvajanma kI siddhi .: jaina siddhAntAnusAra nAraka jIvoM ko avadhijJAna (mithyA ho yA samyak) janma se hI hotA hai| usake prabhAva se unheM pUrvajanma kI smRti hotI hai| nArakIya jIva pUrvabhavIya vaira-virodha Adi kA smaraNa karake ekadUsare nAraka ko dekhate hI kuttoM kI taraha paraspara lar3ate haiM, eka-dUsare para mapaTate aura prahAra karate haiN| eka-dUsare ko kATate aura nocate haiN| isa prakAra ve eka-dUsare ko duHkhita karate rahate haiN| isa prakAra pUrvabhava meM hue vaira Adi kA smaraNa karane se unakA vaira dRr3hatara ho jAtA hai| ___nArakIya jIvoM kI pUrvajanma kI smRti se punarjanma kA astitva siddha hotA hai| ___ rAgadveSAtmaka pravRtti se pUrvajanma siddhi-prAyaH jIvoM meM pahale kisI ke sikhAye binA hI sAMsArika padArthoM ke prati svataH rAga-dveSa, moha-droha, Asakti-ghRNA Adi pravRttiyA~ pAI jAtI haiN| ye pravRttiyA~ pUrvajanma meM abhyasta yA prazikSita hoMgI, tabhI isa janma meM unake saMskAra yA smaraNa isa janma meM choTe-se bacce meM parilakSita hote haiN| vAtsyAyana bhASya meM isa viSaya para vizada prakAza DAlA gayA hai| AtmA kI nityatA se pUrvajanma aura punarjanma siddha - zarIra kI utpatti aura vinAza ke sAtha AtmA utpanna aura vinaSTa nahIM hotaa| AtmA to (karmavazAt) eka zarIra ko chor3akara dUsare naye zarIra ko dhAraNa karatI hai| yahI punarjanma hai| pUrva-zarIra kA tyAga mRtyu hai aura naye zarIra kA dhAraNa karanA janma hai| agara vartamAna zarIra ke nAza evaM naye zarIra kI utpatti ke sAtha-sAtha nitya AtmA kA nAza aura utpatti mAnI jAe to kRtahAna (kiye hue karmoM kI phala-prApti kA nAza) aura akRtAbhyupagama (nahIM kiye hue karmoM kA phalabhoga) doSa aaeNge| sAtha hI usa AtmA ke dvArA kI gaI ahiMsAdi kI sAdhanA vyartha jaaegii| AtmA kI nityatA ke isa siddhAnta para se pUrvajanma aura punarjanma siddha ho hI jAte hai| jainadarzana to AtmA ko dhruva, nitya, zAzvata, avinAzI, akSaya, avyaya evaM trikAla sthAyI mAnatA hai|' 1. (ka) tatvArthasUtra sarvArthasiddhi TIkA (AcArya pUjyapAda) 3/4 (kha) parasparodIrita duHkhaa| -tatvArthasUtra a. 3 sU. 4 2. nyAyadarzana, vAtsyAyana bhASya pR. 326 3. (ka) nyAyasUtra bhASya 3/241, . (kha) vahI, 4/1/10 Atmanityatve pretybhaavsiddhiH| 4. "kAlao NaM Na kayAi NAsI, Na kayAi na bhavai, na kayAi bhavissai ya, dhuve Nitie sAsae akkhae avvae avaTThie Nicce // " -sthAnAMgasUtra 5/3/430 For Personal & Private Use Only

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68 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) * janma (jAti dehotpatti) kA kAraNa kyA hai ? isake uttara meM donoM darzanoM ne batAyA ki pUrvazarIra meM kiye hue karmoM kA phala-dharmAdharma jo AtmA meM samavAyasambandha se rahA huA hai, vahI janma kA-dehotpatti kA kAraNa hai| dharmAdharmarUpa adRSTa se prerita paMcabhUtoM se deha utpanna hotA hai, paMcabhUta svataH deha ko utpanna nahIM krte|' dehotpatti meM paMcabhUta-saMyoga nahIM, pUrvakarma hI nirapekSa nimitta hai / .. paMcabhUtavAdiyoM kA kathana hai ki pRthvI, jala Adi paMcabhUtoM ke saMyoga se hI zarIra bana jAtA hai, taba dehotpatti ke nimittakAraNa ke rUpa meM pUrvaka mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? jaise puruSArtha karake vyakti bhUtoM se ghara Adi banA letA hai, vaise hI strI-puruSa-yugala puruSArtha karake bhUtoM se zarIra utpanna karatA hai| arthAt strI-puruSa yugala ke puruSArtha se zukra-zoNitasaMyoga hotA hai, phalataH usase zarIra utpanna hotA hai, taba phira zarIrotpatti meM pUrvakarma ko nimitta mAnane kI jarUrata hI kahA~ rahatI hai ? karmanirapekSa bhUtoM se jaise ghaTa Adi utpanna hote haiM, vaise hI karmanirapekSa bhUtoM se hI deha utpanna ho jAtA hai|"2 isake uttara meM nyAya-vaizeSika kahate haiM-ghaTa Adi karma-nirapekSa utpanna hote haiM, yaha dRSTAnta viSama hone se hameM svIkAra nahIM hai, kyoMki ghaTa Adi kI utpatti meM bIja aura AhAra nimitta nahIM haiM, jabaki zarIra kI utpatti meM ye donoM nimitta haiN| isake atirikta zukra-zoNita ke saMyoga se zarIrotpatti (garbhAdhAna) sadaiva nahIM hotii| isalie ekamAtra zukrazoNita-saMyoga hI zarIrotpatti kA nirapekSa kAraNa nahIM hai, kisI dUsarI vastu kI bhI isameM apekSA rahatI hai, vaha hai-puurvkrm| pUrvakarma ke binA kevala zukra-zoNita-saMyoga zarIrotpatti karane meM samartha nahIM hai| ataH bhautika tattvoM ko zarIrotpatti kA nirapekSa kAraNa na mAnakara pUrvakarma sApekSa kAraNa mAnanA caahie| pUrvakarmAnusAra hI zarIrotpatti hotI hai| jIva ke pUrvakarmoM ko nahIM mAnA jAegA to vividha AtmAoM ko jo vividha prakAra kA zarIra.prApta hotA hai, isa vyavasthA kA samAdhAna nahIM ho skegaa| ataH zarIrAdi kI vibhinnatA ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM pUrvakarmoM ko mAnanA anivArya hai| 1. nyAyasUtra 3/2/60 / 2. vahI, 3/2/61 3. nyAyasUtra 3/2/62-67 For Personal & Private Use Only

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: karma - astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma - 2 'adRSTa (karma) ke sAtha hI pUrvajanma - punarjanma kA aTUTa sambandha vaizeSika darzana ke isa siddhAnta ke viSaya meM prazna hotA hai ki icchAdveSapUrvaka kI jAne vAlI acchI-burI pravRtti (kriyA) acchA (sukharUpa) aura burA (duHkharUpa) phala detI hai; kintu pravRtti (kriyA) to kSaNika hai, vaha to naSTa ho jAtI hai, phira sabhI kriyAoM kA phala isa janma meM nahIM milatA, prAyaH unakA phala janmAntara meM milatA hai, ataH kSaNika kriyA ( pravRtti) apanA phala janmAntara meM kaise de sakatI hai ? isakA samAdhAna 'adRSTa' kI kalpanA karake kiyA gayA hai, usa kriyA aura phala ke bIca meM donoM ko jor3ane vAlA adRSTa rahatA hai| kriyA ko lekara janmA huA vaha adRSTa AtmA meM rahatA hai aura sukharUpa yA duHkharUpa phala AtmA meM utpanna karake, usake dvArA pUrA bhoga liye jAne ke bAda hI vaha (adRSTa) nivRtta hotA hai| zubhapravRttijanya adRSTa ko dharma aura azubhapravRttijanya adRSTa ko adharma kahA jAtA hai| dharmarUpa adRSTa AtmA meM sukha paidA karatA hai, aura adharmarUpa adRSTa duHkha / vastutaH adRSTa kA kAraNa kriyA (pravRtti) ko nahIM, icchA - dveSa ko hI mAnA gayA hai| icchAdveSasApekSa kriyA hI adRSTa kI utpAdikA hai| ' ina saba yuktiyoM se nitya AtmA ke sAtha karma aura punarjanma-pUrvajanma kA avicchinna pravAha siddha hotA hai| 1. vaizeSika darzana ( sUtra ) prazastapAda bhASya (guNa- sAdharmyaprakaraNa) 2. (ka) sAMkhyasUtra 6/41 (kha) vahI 6 / 16 3. sAMkhyasUtra - pravacana bhASya - 6 / 9 4. "saMsarati nirupabhogaM bhAvairadhivAsitaM liGgam // " sAMkhyadarzana meM karma aura punarjanma - sAMkhyadarzana kA bhI yaha mata hai ki puruSa (AtmA) apane zubhAzubha karmoM ke phalasvarUpa nAnA yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| parantu sAMkhyadarzana kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki "yadyapi zubhAzubha karma sthUlazarIra ke dvArA kiye jAte haiM, kintu vaha (sthUla zarIra) karmoM ke saMskAroM kA adhiSThAtA nahIM hai, unakA adhiSThAtA hai-sthUlazarIra se bhinna sUkSma zarIra / sUkSma zarIra kA nirmANa pAMca jJAnendriya, pAMca tanmAtrAoM, mahattatva (buddhi) aura ahaMkAra se hotA hai| mRtyu hone para sthUla zarIra naSTa ho jAtA hai, sUkSma zarIra vidyamAna rahatA hai / pratyeka saMsArI AtmA (puruSa) ke sAtha yaha sUkSma zarIra rahatA hai, ise AtmA kA liMga bhI kahate haiN| yahI punarjanma kA AdhAra hai / " sAMkhyakArikA meM batAyA gayA liMga (sUkSma) zarIra bAra-bAra sthUla zarIra ko grahaNa karatA hai aura 69 L For Personal & Private Use Only -sAMkhyakArikA 40

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70 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) pUrvagRhIta zarIroM ko chor3atA rahatA hai, isI kA nAma saMsaraNa (saMsAra) hai| mRtyu hone para sUkSma zarIra naSTa nahIM hotA, kintu puruSa (AtmA) sUkSma zarIra ke sahAre se purAne sthUla zarIra ko chor3akara naye sthUla zarIra meM praviSTa ho jAtA hai| saMsAra kI aneka yoniyoM meM puruSa (AtmA) kA paribhramaNa karane kA kAraNa sUkSma zarIra hI hai| jaba taka usakA sUkSma zarIra naSTa nahIM ho jAtA, taba taka usakA saMsAra meM AvAgamana hotA rahatA hai| pUrvajanma ke anubhava aura karmoM ke saMskAra isa liMga (sUkSma) zarIra meM nihita rahate haiN| cUMki sAMkhyadarzana puruSa (AtmA) ko kUTastha-nitya mAnatA hai, isalie usakA sthAna parivartana (vibhinna yoniyoM meM gamanAgamana) yA punarjanma zakya nahIM hai, isalie usane isa liMga zarIra kI kalpanA kii| karmaphalabhoga kA ekamAtra sAdhana yahI liMga zarIra hai| punarjanma bhI liMga zarIra kA hI hotA hai, AtmA (puruSa) kA nhiiN| liMga zarIra ke nimitta se puruSa kA prakRti ke sAtha samparka hone para janma-maraNa kA cakra prArambha ho jAtA hai| usakI prakriyA isa prakAra haijaise raMgamaMca para eka hI vyakti kabhI ajAtazatru, kabhI parazurAma aura kabhI rAma ke rUpa meM darzakoM ko dikhAI detA hai, usI prakAra liMga zarIra vibhinna zarIra grahaNa karake manuSya, deva, tiryaJca (pazu-pakSI yA vanaspati) Adi nAnA rUpoM meM parilakSita hotA hai| isa prakAra sAMkhyadarzana meM bhI punarjanma evaM pUrvajanma kA astitva siddha hotA hai| mImAMsAdarzana meM karma aura punarjanma-mImAMsAdarzana AtmA ko nitya mAnatA hai, isalie vaha pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ko mAnatA hai| mImAMsAdarzana meM cAra prakAra ke veda-pratipAdya karma batAye gae haiN| (1) kAmya karma, (2) niSiddha karma, (3) nityakarma aura (4) naimittika krm| kAmanAvizeSa kI siddhi ke liye kiyA gayA karma kAmyakarma hai| niSiddha karma anarthotpAdaka hone se niSiddha hai| jo karma phalAkAMkSA ke binA kiyA jAtA hai, vaha 1. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA pR.291 2. (ka) vahI, pR. 291 (kha) "puruSArtha-hetukamidaM nimitta-naimittika-prasaMgena / prakRtervibhutvayogAn naTavat vyavatiSThate liMgam // " -sAMkhyakArikA 42 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma-2 71 nityakarma hai| jaise-sandhyAvandana aadi| jo kisI avasara vizeSa para kiyA jAtA hai, use naimittika karma kahA jAtA hai| jaise-zrAddha Adi krm|' karma aura karmaphalarUpa punarjanmAdi kA saMyoga karAne vAlA : apUrva yajJAdi kA anuSThAna (kama) karane para turaMta phala kI niSpatti nahIM hotii| parantu kAlAntara meM hotI hai| isa viSaya meM prazna yaha hai ki karma ke abhAva meM karmaphalotpAdaka kaise bana sakatA hai ? mImAMsaka isakA samAdhAna yoM karate haiM-apUrva dvArA yaha vyavasthA bana sakatI hai| pratyeka karma meM apUrva (puNya-pApa) ko utpanna karane kI zakti hotI hai| arthAt-karma se apUrva utpanna hotA hai aura apUrva se utpanna hotA hai-phl| karma aura karmaphala ko jor3ane vAlA apUrva hI hai| isIlie zaMkarAcArya apUrva ko karma kI sUkSma uttarAvasthA yA phala kI pUrvAvasthA mAnate haiN| ___ yogadarzana meM karma aura punarjanma-'yogadarzana' vyAsabhASya meM punarjanma kI siddhi karate hue kahA gayA hai-"navajAta zizu ko bhayaMkara padArtha ko dekhakara bhaya aura trAsa utpanna hotA hai, isa janma meM to usake koI saMskAra abhI taka par3e hI nahIM, isalie pUrvajanma ke karmarUpa saMskAroM kA mAnanA Avazyaka hai|" isase pUrvajanma kA astitva siddha hotA hai| pAtaMjala yogadarzana meM kahA gayA hai-3 "jIva jo kucha pravRtti karatA hai, usake * saMskAra citta para par3ate haiN| ina saMskAroM ko karma-saMskAra, karmAzaya yA kevala 'karma' kahA jAtA hai| saMskAroM meM saMyama (dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi) karane se pUrvajanma kA jJAna hotA hai|" yoM pUrva janma siddha hone se punarjanma to svataH siddha ho jAtA hai| yogadarzana kA abhimata hai ki jo karma adRSTajanya-vedanIya hote haiM, ve apanA phala isa janma meM nahIM dete, unakA phala AgAmI janma yA janmoM meM milatA hai| nArakoM aura devoM ke karma . adRSTajanya vedanIya hote haiN| isa para se bhI punarjanma phalita hotA hai| jainadarzana meM karma aura pUrvajanma-punarjanma-jainadarzana AtmA ko pariNAmI. nitya aura kathaJcit mUrta kahakara use zubhAzubha karmoM kA kartA-bhoktA 1. (ka) mImAMsAdarzana (jaiminIsUtra) (kha) taMtravArtika pR. 395 (ga) zAMkarabhASya 3/2/40 2. yogadarzana vyAsabhASya 2/9, 4/10 3. (ka) pAMtajala yoga darzana 2/12 (kha) vahI, 3/18 4. yogadarzana vyAsabhASya 2/12 For Personal & Private Use Only

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72. karma - vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) mAnatA hai| usakA mantavya hai ki anAdikAla se AtmA kA pravAharUpa se karma ke sAtha saMyoga hone se, vaha azuddha hai / isa azuddha dazA ke kAraNa hI AtmA vibhinna zubhAzubha gatiyoM aura yoniyoM meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai| AtmA (jIva) jo bhI karma karatA hai, usakA phala use hI isa janma meM yA agale janma yA janmoM meM bhoganA par3atA hai; kyoMki baMdhe hue karma binA phala diye naSTa nahIM hote| ve AtmA kA taba taka anusaraNa karate rahate haiM, jaba taka apanA phalabhoga na karA deN| mahAbhArata meM pUrvajanma aura punarjanma - 'mahAbhArata' meM batAyA gayA hai ki "kisI bhI AtmA ke dvArA kiyA huA pUrvakRta karma niSphala nahIM jAtA, na hI vaha usI janma meM samApta ho jAtA hai, kintu jisa prakAra hajAroM gAyoM meM se bachar3A apanI mAM ko jAna letA hai, usake pAsa pahu~ca jAtA hai, usI prakAra pUrvakRta karma bhI apane karttA kA anugamana karake AgAmI janma meM usake pAsa pahu~ca jAtA hai / "2 aura usa vartamAna janma meM kiye hue karma apanA phala dene ke rUpa meM AgAmI janma (punarjanma) meM usI AtmA kA anugamana karate haiN| isa prakAra pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kA silasilA taba taka calatA hai, jaba taka vaha AtmA (jIva ) karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya na kara DAle / manusmRti se bhI punarjanma kI astitva - siddhi - manusmRti meM batAyA gayA hai| ki nava- (sadyaH) jAta zizu meM jo bhaya, harSa, zoka, mAtA ke stanapAna, rudana Adi kI kriyAe~ hotI haiM, unakA isa janma meM to usane bilakula hI anubhava nahIM kiyaa| ataH mAnanA hogA ki ye saba kriyAe~ usa zizu ke pUrvajanmakRta abhyAsa yA anubhava se hI sambhava hai| ataH ukta pUrvajanmakRta abhyAsa kI smRti se punarjanma kI siddhi hotI hai / punarjanmavAda - khaNDana, eka janmavAda- maNDana : do varga pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ko na mAnane vAle da / varga mukhya haiM - (1) eka haiM - cArvAka Adi nAstika, jo AtmA ko (svataMtra tattva) hI nahIM maante| ve 1. (ka) 'kaDANa kammANa na mokkha atthi' / (kha) so savvaNANa-darisI kammaraeNa NieNa vacchaNNo / saMsAra- samAvaNNo Na vijANadi savvado savvaM // yathA dhenusahasreSu vatso viMdati mAtaram / tathA pUrvakRtaM karma karttAramanugacchati // 3. (ka) manusmRti 12/40 (kha) nyAyasUtra 3/1/18, 3/1/21 2. - samayasAra gA. 160 - mahAbhArata, zAntiparva 181/16 - For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma - astitva ke mUlAdhAra pUrvajanma aura punarjanma - 2 traikAlika cetanA ko svIkAra nahIM krte| unakA mantavya hai - cAra yA pAMca mahAbhUtoM ke viziSTa saMyoga se zarIra meM eka vizeSa prakAra kI cetanA (zakti) utpanna hotI hai| isa viziSTa prakAra ke saMyojana kA vighaTana hote hI vaha cetanAzakti samApta ho jAtI hai| jaba taka jIvana, tabhI taka cetnaa| jIvana (zarIra) samApta hote hI cetanA bhI samApta / cetanA (svataMtra) pahale bhI nahIM thI, pIche bhI nahIM rahatI / isalie na to punarjanma hai aura na hI puurvjnm| jo kucha hai, vaha vartamAna meM hai, na hI atIta meM hai aura na bhaviSya meN| yaha varga pratyakSavAdI tathA ihajanmavAdI hai / "" punarjanma kA niSedha karane vAlA dvitIya varga bhI prakArAntara se usakA samarthaka dUsarA - punarjanma - pUrvajanma kA niSedha karane vAlA varga AtmA ko svataMtra tattva ke rUpa meM mAnatA hai; karma aura karmaphala ko bhI mAnatA hai| isa varga meM yahUdI, IsAI aura islAMmadharmI (musalamAna) Adi ekajanmavAdI Ate haiN| inakI mAnyatA yaha hai ki mRtyu ke bAda AtmA ( rUha yA sola - soul) naSTa nahIM hotii| vaha kayAmata (pralaya) yA nyAya (insApha) ke dina tatsambandhI deva, khudA yA gaoNDa (God) ke samakSa upasthita hotI hai| aura ve use usake kurmAnusAra jannata - bahizta (svarga yA hevana - Heaven ) athavA doz2akha (naraka yA haila-Hell) meM bheja dete haiN| 1 73 sAmAnyatayA yaha kahA jAtA hai ki IsAI aura muslima dharmoM meM punarjanma kI mAnyatA nahIM hai; parantu unake dharmagranthoM evaM mAnyatAoM para 'bArIka dRSTi DAlane se pratIta hotA hai ki prakArAntara se ve bhI punarjanma kI vAstavikatA ko mAnyatA dete haiM aura parokSa rUpa se use svIkAra karate haiM / vaise dekhA jAe to islAma dharma aura IsAI dharma meM bhI prakArAntara se pralaya ke uparAnta jIvoM ke punaH jAgRta evaM sakriya hone kI bAta kahI jAtI hai, jo punarjanma kA hI eka vicitra aura vilambita rUpa hai| 'vijaDama oNpha solemana' grantha meM IsAmasIha ke ve kathana uddhRta haiM, jinameM unhoMne punarjanma kA pratipAdana kiyA thaa| unhoMne apane ziSyoM se eka dina kahA thA-"pichale janma kA 'elijA' hI aba 'jaoNna baipaTisTa' ke rUpa meM janmA thaa| " Jain Education international 1. dekheM- "ghaTa ghaTa dIpa jale " ( yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) meM pUrvajanma - punarjanma para pravacana pR. 54 2. akhaNDajyoti ( mAsika patra) julAI 1979 ke 'pUrvajanma ke saMcita saMskAra' lekha se . sAbhAra saMkSepa pR. 11 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma - vijJAna : karma kA astitva ( 1 ) bAibila ke cepTara 3 pairA 3-7 meM IsA kahate haiM- "mere isa kathana para Azcarya mata karo ki tumheM nizcitarUpa se punarjanma lenA par3egA / " IsAI dharma ke prAcIna AcArya 'phAdara orijina' kahate the - "pratyeka manuSya ko apane pUrva-janmoM ke karmoM ke anusAra agalA janma dhAraNa karanA par3atA hai| " pro. maiksamUlara ne apane grantha 'siksa sisTamsa oNpha iMDiyana philaoNsaoNphI' meM aise aneka AdhAra evaM uddharaNa prastuta kiye haiM, jo batAte haiM ki IsAI dharma punarjanma kI AsthA se sarvathA mukta nahIM hai / 'pleTo' aura 'pAithAgorasa' ke dArzanika granthoM meM isa mAnyatA ko svIkArA gayA hai| 'jaujeksa' ne apanI pustaka meM una yahUdI senApatiyoM kA havAlA diyA hai, jo apane sainikoM ko marane ke bAda phira pRthvI para janma pAne kA AzvAsana dekara lar3ane ke lie ubhArate the| 74 sUphI saMta 'maulAnA rUma' ne likhA hai - " maiM per3a-paudhe, kITa-pataMga, pazu-pakSI-yoniyoM meM hokara manuSya varga meM praviSTa huA huuN| aura aba devavarga meM sthAna pAne kI taiyArI kara rahA huuN|" aMgreja dArzanika hyUma to pratyeka dArzanika kI tAttvika dRSTi ko isa bAta se parakha lete the ki 'vaha punarjanma ko mAnyatA detA hai yA nahIM' ? ' hyUma kahatA thA - "AtmA ajara-amara hai, avinAzI hai| jo ajara-amara yA avinAzI hai, vaha ajanmA hai| AtmA kI amaratA ke viSaya meM punarjanma hI eka siddhAnta hai, jisakA samarthana prAyaH sabhI darzanazAstrI karate haiN| 2 'insAiklopIDiyA oNpha rilIjana eNDa ethiksa' ke bArahaveM khaNDa meM aphrIkA, AsTreliyA aura amerikA ke AdivAsiyoM ke sambandha meM abhilekha hai ki ve sabhI samAnarUpa se punarjanma ko mAnate haiN| marane se lekara janmane taka kI vidhi-vyavasthA meM matabheda hone para bhI yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki "ina mahAdvIpoM ke AdivAsI AtmA kI sattA ko mAnate haiM aura punarjanma meM vizvAsa karate haiN| "3 aisA kahA jAtA hai ki IsAmasIha to tIna dina bAda hI punaH jIvita ho uThe the| kucha niSThAvAn IsAiyoM ko IsAmasIha prakAzarUpa meM dIkhe, to yahUdI logoM ne divya prakAzayukta devadUta ko dekhA / * TIT 1. akhaNDa jyoti (mAsika patra) julAI 1974 ke lekha se sAbhAra uddhRta, pR. 13 2. akhaNDajyoti, sitambara 1979 ke lekha se, pR. 19 3. vahI, julAI 1974 ke lekha para se pR. 14 4. (ka) vahI, julAI 1979 ke lekha se pR. 11 (kha) vahI, apraila 1979 ke lekha se, pR. 14 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma-2 75 pazcima jarmanI ke eka vaijJAnika DaoN. lothara vidjala ne likhA hai ki mRtyu se pUrva manuSya kI antazcetanA itanI saMvedanazIla ho jAtI hai ki vaha taraha-taraha ke citra-vicitra dRzya dekhane lagatA hai| ye dRzya usakI dhArmika AsthAoM ke anurUpa hote haiN| arthAt-jisa vyakti kA jisa dharma se lagAva hotA hai, use usa dharma, mata yA paMtha kI mAnyatAnusAra maraNottara jIvana meM yA mRtyu se pUrva vaisI hI AkRti evaM jyotirmaya prakAza dikhAI detA hai| udAharaNArtha-hinduoM ko yamadUta yA devadUta dikhAI dete haiN| musalamAnoM ko apane dharmazAstroM meM ullikhita prakAra kI jhAMkiyA~ dIkha par3atI haiN| IsAiyoM ko bhI usI prakAra bAibila meM varNita pavitra AtmAoM yA divyalokoM ke darzana yA anubhava hote haiN|' 'pAzcAtya dezoM ke kaI loga, jinheM vyaktigata rUpa se kisI dharma yA mata vizeSa ke prati AkarSaNa yA lagAva nahIM thA, aise anubhavoM se gujare, mAno eka divya-jyotirmaya AkRti unake samakSa prakaTa huI ho|' pAzcAtya dArzanika geTe, phiza, zoliMga, lesiMga Adi ne apane granthoM meM punarjanma kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| __. 'pleTo' ne apanI eka pustaka meM likhA hai-"jIvAtmAoM kI saMkhyA nizcita hai, (unameM ghaTa-bar3ha nahIM hotI) (mRtyu ke bAda naye) janma ke samaya (kisI naye) jIvAtmA kA sRjana nahIM hotA, varan eka zarIra se dUsare zarIra meM pratyAvartana hotA rahatA hai|" 'livanIja' ne apanI pustaka "dI AyaDiyala philaoNsaoNphI oNpha libarTIja" meM likhA hai-"merA vizvAsa hai ki manuSya isa jIvana se pahale bhI rahA hai|" prasiddha vicAraka 'lessiMga' apanI prakhyAta pustaka 'dI DivAina ejyukezana oNpha di hyumana resa' meM likhate haiM-"vikAsa kA uccatama lakSya eka hI jIvana meM pUrA nahIM ho jAtA, varan kaI janmoM ke krama meM pUrNa hotA hai| manuSya ne kaI bAra isa pRthvI para janma liyA hai aura anekoM bAra legaa|"2 IsAmasIha ne eka bAra apane ziSyoM se kahA thA-"maiM jIvana hU~, aura punarjIvana bhii| jo merA vizvAsa karatA hai, sadA jIvita rahegA; bhale hI vaha zarIra se mara cukA hI kyoM na ho|" yaha kathana punarjanma ke astitva ko dhvanita karatA hai| 'bAibila' kI eka kathA meM bhI jIvana kI zAzvatatA ko 1. akhaNDa jyoti, jUna 1979 ke lekha se saMkSipta sAra, pR. 12 2. vahI, sitambara 1979, ke 'gatizIla jIvana pravAha' lekha se sArAMza uddhRta, pR. 19 For Personal & Private Use Only

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76 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) prakaTa kiyA gayA hai- "mRtyu dekhane ke lie hI jIvana kA anta hai| vastutaH koI maratA nahIM, jIvana zAzvata hai|"" yahUdI vidvAn 'solamana' ne likhA hai- "isa jIvana ke bAda bhI eka jIvana hai| deha miTTI meM milakara eka dina samApta ho jAegI, phira bhI jIvana anantakAla taka yathAvat banA rahegA / " dArzanika 'nazAdasRza' ne kahA hai- AtmA kI amaratA ko mAne binA manuSya ko nirAzA aura ucchRMkhalatA se nahIM bacAyA jA sktaa| yadi manuSya ko AdarzavAdI banAnA ho to avinAzI jIvana (jIva- AtmA) auraM (punarjanma tathA) karmaphala kI anivAryatA ke siddhAnta usake gale utArane hI pdd'eNge|"1 prasiddha sAhityakAra 'vikTara hyUgo ne likhA hai- maiM sadA vizvAsa karatA rahA- zarIra ko to naSTa honA hI hai, para AtmA ko koI bhI gherA kaida nahIM kara sktaa| use unmukta vicaraNa karane (eka janma se dUsare janma meM jAne) kA avasara sadaiva milatA rahegA / ' 4 eka bAra 'pleTo' ne 'sukarAta' se pUchA - "Apa sabhI vidyArthiyoM ko eka sarIkhA pATha dete haiM, parantu koI vidyArthI use eka bAra meM, koI do bAra meM aura koI tIna bAra meM sIkha pAtA hai, isakA kyA kAraNa hai ?" sukarAta ne samAdhAna kiyA- "jina vidyArthiyoM ne pahale (pUrvajanma meM) abhyAsa kiyA hai, ve usa pATha ko zIghra samajha - sIkha lete haiM, jinhoMne kama abhyAsa kiyA hai, ve jarA dera se samajha - sIkha pAte haiM, aura jinhoMne abhI ( isa janma meM) sIkhanA prArambha kiyA hai, ve bahuta adhika samaya ke bAda sIkha-samajha pAte haiN|" isa saMvAda meM pUrva kA nyUnAdhika abhyAsa pUvarjanma ko siddha karatA hai|" " prasiddha dArzanika 'geTe' ne eka bAra apanI eka mitra zrImatI 'vI. sTena' ko patra likhA thA - " isa saMsAra se cale jAne kI merI prabala icchA hai| prAcIna samaya kI bhAvanAe~ mujhe yahA~ eka ghar3I bhI sukha meM bitAne nahIM detiiN| yaha kitanI acchI bAta hai ki manuSya mara jAtA hai aura jIvana meM 1. (ka) akhaNDa jyoti jUna 74 ke lekha para se (kha) vahI, jUna 1974 ke lekha para se saMkSipta, pR. 30 2. vahI, jUna 1974 ke lekha se saMkSipta pR. 30 3. vahI, jUna 1974 ke lekha se pR. 30 4. vahI, jUna 1974 ke lekha se pR. 30 5. jainadRSTie karma (prastAvanA) pR. 5-6 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma - astitva ke mUlAdhAra pUrvajanma aura punarjanma - 2 77 aMkita ghaTanAoM ke cihna miTa jAte haiN| vaha punaH pariSkRta saMskAroM ke sAtha vApasa AtA hai|" isa patra ke likhane kA uddezya cAhe jo ho, parantu 'geTe' ke uparyukta kathana meM pUrvajanma meM vizvAsa hone kA dRr3ha pramANa milatA hai / ' amarIkA ke prasiddha vaijJAnika DaoN. raimaNDa e. mUDI jUniyara ne kaI varSoM taka maraNottara jIvana kI dizA meM zodha prayAsa kiyA hai| apane adhyayana niSkarSa unhoMne 'lAipha AphTara lAipha' nAmaka pustaka meM prastuta kiye haiM / " DaoN. liTjara, DaoN. mUDI aura DaoN. zmiTa Adi jina-jina pAzcAtya - vaijJAnikoM (theneTAlojisToM) ne jitanI bhI mRtyupUrva tathA maraNottara ghaTanAoM ke deza-videza ke vivaraNa saMkalita kiye haiM, una sabakA sAra yaha thA ki 'mRtyu jIvana kA anta nahIM hai| mRtyu ke samaya kevala AtmacetanA hI zarIra se pRthak hotI hai|' isase bhAratIya manISiyoM kI isa vicAradhArA kI puSTi hotI hai ki mRtyu kA artha jIvana ke astitva kA anta nahIM hai| jIvana (jIva) to eka zAzvata satya hai, usake astitva kA na to Adi hai, na ant| bhagavadgItA ke anusAra - "na to aisA hI hai ki maiM kisI kAla meM nahIM thA, athavA ye (rAjA) loga nahIM the aura na aisA hI hai ki hama saba loga isase Age nahIM rheNge|"3 vAstava meM janma na to jIvana (jIva yA AtmA) kA Adi hai, aura na hI mRtyu usakA ant| ataH mRtyu ke bAda hone vAle ye anubhava dRzyoM kI bArIkiyoM ke hisAba se bhinna-bhinna pratIta hote haiM, yaha svAbhAvika hai| kyoMki vyakti kA mana bhI apane sUkSma saMskAroM ko lekara vahIM rahatA hai, usakI manaHsthiti dRzya jagat ko apane cazme se dekhatI hai / parantu sabakI anubhUtiyoM meM jo samAna tatva hai, vahI vaicArika dRSTi se adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| vaha haimaraNottara punaH jIvana kA anubhv| ina sabhI anubhUtiyoM se yahI spaSTa hotA hai ki maraNottara jIvana bhI hai / dehanAza ke sAtha hI vaha jIvana samApta nahIM ho jAtA, vaha to nirantara taba taka pravAhita hotA rahatA hai, jaba taka janma-maraNa se aura karmoM se prANI sarvathA mukta na ho jaae| ataH saMsArI jIva ke jIvana kA avicchinna 1. akhaNDajyoti sitambara 1979 ke lekha se, pR. 19 2. vahIM, apraila 1979 ke lekha se sArAMza, pR. 13 3. (ka) vahI, jUna 1979 ke lekha se sArAMza pR. 13 (kha) na tvevAhaM jAtu nAzaM, na tvaM neme janAdhipAH / na caiva bhaviSyAmaH, sarvevayamataH param // " - bhagavadgItA a. 2 zloka 12 For Personal & Private Use Only

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78 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) pravAha Aroha-avaroha ke vibhinna kramasaMghAtoM ke sAtha nirantara gatizIla rahatA hai| sAtha hI, mRtyu ke bAda ke jIvana ke anubhUtikrama kA vartamAna anubhUtiyoM ke sAtha eka prakAra kA sAtatya rahatA hai|' pUrvajanma-punarjanma-siddhAnta para kucha AkSepa aura unakA parihAra pUrvokta donoM punarjanmavirodhI vargoM ke dvArA isa siddhAnta para kucha AkSepa kiye gae haiM, jinakA nirAkaraNa bhAratIya dArzanikoM, pAzcAtya manovaijJAnikoM evaM parAmanovaijJAnikoM dvArA akATya tarko, yuktiyoM tathA : pratyakSa anubhUtiyoM ke AdhAra para diyA gayA hai| (1) prathama AkSepa : vismRti kyoM ? -punarjanma ke viruddha kucha loga yaha tarka dete haiM ki "yadi jIvana kA astitva bhUtakAla meM thA to usa samaya kI smRti vartamAna meM kyoM nahIM rahatI ?" isa sambandha meM vicAraNIya yaha hai ki ghaTanAoM kI vismRti-mAtra se punarjanma kA khaNDana nahIM ho jaataa| isa . janma kI pratidina kI ghaTanAoM ko bhI hama kahA~ yAda rakha pAte haiM ? pratidina kI bhI adhikAMza ghaTanAeM vismRta ho jAtI haiN| sirpha smaraNa na honA hI ghaTanA ko apramANita nahIM kara detaa| smRti to apane janma kI bhI nahIM rhtii| isa AdhAra para yadi kahA jAe ki janma kI ghaTanA asatya hai, to ise avivekapUrNa hI kahA jaaegaa| isakA samAdhAna 'zAstravArtAsamuccaya' meM bhI isa prakAra diyA gayA hai ki pUrvajanma kI smRti kA kAraNa pUrvakRta karma hote haiN| sabhI jIvoM ke karma eka-se nahIM hote| jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSaya-kSayopazama meM bhI tAratamya hotA hai| isalie sabhI jIvoM ko pUrvajanma kI smRti eka-sarIkhI nahIM hotI, aura kisI-kisI ko hotI bhI nahIM hai|' ___kucha AkSepaka isa prakAra kA AkSepa bhI karate haiM-"yadi punarjanma kA siddhAnta satya hai to pUrvajanma kI anubhUtiyoM kI smRti sabako usI prakAra honI cAhie, jisa prakAra bAlyAvasthA aura yuvAvasthA kI smRti vRddhAvasthA meM hotI hai|" isa AkSepa kA parihAra 'hIrendranAthadatta' ne isa prakAra kiyA hai ki smaraNa zakti kA sambandha prANI ke mastiSka se hotA hai| vaha (pUrvajanmagata mastiSka) naSTa ho cukA hotA hai| isalie sabako eka-sI smRti nahIM hotii| 1. akhaNDajyoti, apraila 1979 ke lekha se sAra saMkSepa, pR. 16 2. akhaNDajyoti ke sitambara 1979 ke 'gatizIla jIvana pravAha' lekha se, pR. 18 3. zAstravArtA samuccaya (AcArya haribhadrasUri) 1/40 4. karmavAda aura janmAntara (hIrendranAthadatta) pR. 316 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma-2 79 lokavyavahAra meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki eka hI sthala para eka hI ghaTanA ke bahuta se darzaka hote haiM para una sabhI darzakoM aura zrotAoM kI smRti eka sarIkhI nahIM rhtii| isI prakAra sabhI ko pUrvajanma kI smRti eka-sI nahIM rahatI, kinhIM ko pUrvajanma kI smRti nahIM bhI hotI, kisI-kisI ko hotI hai| isakA samAdhAna 'zAstravArtAsamuccaya' meM kiyA gayA hai ki pUrvajanma ke saMskAra to AtmA meM kArmaNazarIra ke sAtha par3e rahate haiN| ve avasara aura nimitta pAkara jAgRta hote haiN| isalie yadyapi pUrvajanma kI pUrI smRti eka sAtha nahIM hotI, kintu usa prakAra kA koI prabala nimitta milane para tathA matijJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazama prabala hone para evaM tathArUpa UhApoha karane para kisI-kisI ko pUrvajanma kI smati (jAtismaraNajJAna) ho bhI jAtI hai| isake samarthana meM hama pUrva nibandha meM aneka zAstrIya udAharaNa bhI prastuta kara cuke haiN| _ pUrvajanma ko na mAnane vAloM kA eka tarka yaha bhI hai-"yadi pUrvajanma hai, to pUrvajanma meM anubhUta sabhI viSayoM kA smaraNa kyoM nahIM hotA ? kucha hI viSayoM kA smaraNa kyoM hotA hai ? arthAt-pUrvajanma meM maiM kauna thA, kahA~ thA, kaisA thA ?, ityAdi sabhI viSayoM kA smaraNa kyoM nahIM hotA ?" isake uttara meM naiyAyika-vaizeSikoM kA kahanA hai ki Atmagata jo pUrva-saMskAra isa janma meM ubuddha (jAgRta) hote haiM, ve saMskAra hI smRti ko paidA karate haiN| ubuddha saMskAra hI smRti ke kAraNa haiM, abhibhUta saMskAra smRti ko janma nahIM dete| saMskAra hoM, vahA~ smRti ho hI, aisA niyama nahIM hai| smRti hone ke lie pahale usa saMskAra kA jAgRta honA Avazyaka hai| isa janma meM jina bAtoM kA bacapana meM anubhava kiyA thA, kyA una sabhI bAtoM kA vRddhAvasthA meM smaraNa hotA hai ? nahIM hotaa| bacapana meM anubhUta viSayoM ke saMskAra to vRddhAvasthA meM bhI vidyamAna rahate haiM, para ve sabhI jAgRta nahIM hote| hama jAnate haiM ki utkaTa duHkha ke kAraNa kaI vyakti paricita vyaktiyoM ko bhI bhUla jAte haiM, kyoMki duHkha ne una paricita vyaktiyoM ke sambandha meM par3e hue saMskAroM ko abhibhUta kara diyA hai| isI prakAra jIva kI mRtyu hone para vaha usake aneka sudRr3ha saMskAroM ko abhibhUta kara detI hai| parantu punarjanma yA dehAntaraphrApti hone para usake aneka pUrva saMskAra jAgRta ho jAte haiN| aise saMskAra-udbodhaka (nimitta) aneka prakAra ke hote haiM, jo viziSTa prakAra ke 1. 'loke'pi naikataH sthAnAdAgatAnA tathekSyate / ___ avizeSeNa sarveSAmanubhUtArtha-saMsmRtiH // " -zAstravArtAsamuccaya 1/41 . 2. zAstravArtA-samuccaya(haribhadrasUri) 1/40 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitvaM (1) saMskAroM ko jAgRta karate haiN| unameM se eka udbodhaka hai - jAti (jnm)| jIva jisa prakAra kA janma prApta karatA hai, usake anurUpa saMskAroM kA udbodhaka hai-vaha janma (jAti) / jAti ke atirikta dharmAdharma (puNyapApa-karma) bhI amuka prakAra ke saMskAroM ke udbodhaka haiM / pUrvajanma ke jAti-viSayaka jo saMskAra jisameM ubuddha hote haiM; usI ko jAti- smaraNa jJAna hotA hai, maiM kauna, kahA~ aura kaisA thA ? "1 80 'jaina AgamoM meM janma-maraNa ko isalie duHkharUpa batAyA hai ki prANI ko janma aura mRtyu ke samaya asahya duHkhAnubhava hotA hai| naye jagat meM praveza itanA yAtanApUrNa hotA hai ki pUrva (janma) kI smRtiyA~ prAyaH lupta ho jAtI haiN| hama dekhate haiM ki kisI vyakti ko gaharA AghAta, sadamA, bhayaMkara coTa, utkaTa bhaya, asahya zArIrika pIr3A yA koI vizeSa saMkaTa Adi hone para vaha mUrcchita (behoza ) ho jAtA hai, usa samaya usakI smRti prAyaH naSTa - sI ho jAtI hai| ' prasiddha vicAraka 'kAncUga' ne smRti kA vizleSaNa karate hue kahA"janma se pUrva zizu meM pUrvajanma kI smRti hotI hai; lekina janma ke samaya use itane bhayaMkara kaSToM ke daura se gujaranA par3atA hai ki usakI sArI smaraNa zakti lupta ho jAtI hai / " isI prakAra gaharA AghAta lagane para bhI smRti naSTa ho jAtI hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se isa para socA jAe to yaha acchA hI hai| yadi pahale (pUrvajanmoM) kI Dhera sArI smRtiyA~ banI raheM to itanI vipula smRtiyoM ke Dhera vAlA usakA dimAga pAgala sI ho jaaegaa| pUrva ke sAre ghaTanAcitra mastiSka meM ubharate raheM to vaha usI meM tallIna hokara jagat ke vyavahAroM se udAsIna ho sakatA hai| asahya saMkaTagrasta avasthA meM vyakti mUrcchita na ho to usakA jIvita rahanA kaThina hai| isalie usa samaya kAma ke lAyaka smRti kA hI rahanA abhISTa hai| isa para punaH prazna uThatA hai ki durghaTanA yA AghAta kI sthiti meM marane ke bAda naye jIvana meM katipaya vyaktiyoM ko usakI smRti kyoM hotI hai ? isake uttara meM yahI kahA gayA hai ki yaha ApavAdika sthiti hai| kisI ko bar3I bhArI durghaTanA ho gaI, tIvra AghAta lagA, hatyA kara dI gaI, 1. nyAyadarzana 2/4/1 2. "jammaM dukkhaM jarA dukkhaM rogA ya maraNANi ya / " - uttarAdhyayana 19/16 3. 'ghaTa-ghaTa dIpa jale' (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) ke 'pUrvajanma : punarjanma' pravacana se sAbhAra uddhRta, pR. 57 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma-2 81 yA svayaM ne Aveza meM Akara AtmahatyA krlii| ina aura aisI sthitiyoM meM yadi kisI kI mRtyu hotI hai, to usakA Arta-raudradhyAnajanya saMskAra itanA pragAr3ha hotA hai ki bhayaMkara kaSTa hone para bhI usakI smRti naSTa nahIM hotii| usa nimitta ke milate hI vaha sahasA ubhara jAtI hai| arthAt-kisI vyakti, vastu yA paristhiti kA nimitta milate hI vaha ubuddha ho jAtI ataH pUrvajanma ko jAnane-mAnane kA prabala sAdhana hai-pUrvajanmasmaraNa arthAt-jAti-smRtijJAna, jo yahA~ nayA janma lene vAle zizu ko prAyaH hotA hai| isase siddha ho jAtA hai ki isase pUrva bhI vaha kahIM thaa| isalie pUrvajanma kI smRti na hone kA AkSepa nirAdhAra hai| (2) dUsarA AkSepa : AnuvaMzikatA kA virodhI siddhAnta-kaI punarjanmavirodhI kahate haiM ki "punarjanma kA yaha siddhAnta AnuvaMzika paramparA kA virodhI hai, kyoMki vaMza paramparA ke siddhAntAnusAra jIvoM kA zarIra aura mana, svabhAva aura guNa, AdateM aura ceSTAe~, buddhi aura prakRti Adi sabhI apane mAtA-pitA ke anarUpa hone caahie|" parantu ye sabhI guNa sabhI santAnoM meM mAtA-pitA ke anurUpa prAyaH nahIM pAye jaate| ___vaMzaparamparAgata guNa aura svabhAva mAnane para jo guNa pUrvajoM meM nahIM the, ve guNa agara santAna meM haiM to bhI unakA abhAva mAnanA par3egA, jo pratyakSaviruddha hai| prAyaH yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki jo guNa pUrvajoM meM nahIM the, ve unakI saMtAna meM hote haiN| hemacandrAcArya meM jo bauddhika pratibhA Adi guNa the, ve unake mAtA-pitA meM nahIM the| mahArANA pratApa meM jo zArIrika zakti evaM svAtantrya prema thA, vaha unake pitA evaM pitAmaha meM nahIM thaa| kaI pitA bahuta hI uccakoTi ke vidvAna hote haiM, parantu unake lar3ake azikSita aura bauddhika dRSTi se pichar3e hote haiN| ataH punarjanma meM vaMza-paramparA kA siddhAnta na mAnakara pUrvajanma ke karmoM ke phala ke anusAra manuSya meM guNa-doSoM kI vyAkhyA karanA ucita hogaa| ataH punarjanma ke sambandha meM yaha AkSepa bhI samIcIna nahIM hai| (3) tIsarA AkSepa : ihalaukika jagatahita ke prati udAsInatA-eka AkSepa yaha bhI kiyA jAtA hai ki punarjanma kI mAnyatA se manuSya pAralaukika jagat kI cintA karane lagatA hai, ihalaukika jagat ke prati udAsInatA aura upekSA dhAraNa karane lagatA hai| kintu yaha AkSepa bhI nirAdhAra hai|' punarjanma 1. 'ghaTa-ghaTa dIpa jale' (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) ke 'pUrvajanma : punarjanma' pravacana se sAbhAra uddhRta, pR. 57-58 2. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA (pro. harendraprasAda sinhA) pR. 25 3. vahI, pR. 25 For Personal & Private Use Only

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82 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) kA siddhAnta AgAmI loka kI cintA yA Asakti karanA nahIM sikhAtA, apitu yaha isa janma ko saphala aura sundara banAne kI preraNA detA hai, tAki AgAmI janma acchA bana ske| punarjanma se parokSa preraNA bhI milatI hai, ki manuSya aisA anAsakta aura viveka ( yatanA) yukta jIvana bitAe, jisase pApakarmoM kA bandha na ho yA zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra ke karmoM kA kSaya ho| punaH punaH janma-maraNa ke cakra meM phaMsanA acchI bAta nahIM hai| zaMkarAcArya ne bhI punaH punaH janma maraNa ko manuSya ke lie anucita batAyA hai| ataH yaha AkSepa bhI vyartha hI kiyA gayA hai| (4) cauthA AkSepa : punarjanma kA mAnanA anAvazyaka - kaI nAstikatA se prabhAvita loga yaha AkSepa karate haiM- " pUrvajanma aura punarjanma; yaha saba bakavAsa hai, bauddhika logoM kI kAlpanika ur3Ana hai| inheM mAnane se kyA lAbha hai aura na mAneM to kauna - sI hAni hai ?" jo loga punarjanma kA astitva nahIM mAnate, manuSya ko eka calatAphiratA khilaunA mAtra samajhate haiM; zarIra ke sAtha cetanA kA udbhava aura mRtyu ke sAtha hI usakA anta mAnate haiM, aise loga, jo jIvana kI itizrI bhautika zarIra kI mRtyu ke sAtha hI samajhakara apanI mAnyatA aisI banA lete haiM ki jIvana vartamAna taka hI sImita hai, to usakA upabhoga jaise bhI bana par3e karanA caahie| nIti - anIti, dharma-adharma yA kartavya akartavya kA vicAra kiye binA hI jo loga 'RRNa kRtvA ghRtaM pibet' vAlI cArvAkI nIti apanAte haiM, ve bhayaMkara bhUla karate haiM / ve sAmAjika daNDa ke bhAgI to banate hI haiM, apanA aura apane parivAra kA agalA jIvana bhI andhakAramaya banA lete haiM, kyoMki punarjanma eka sunizcita siddhAnta hai, vaha karma aura karmaphala astitva ko siddha karane vAlA mUla AdhAra hai, ise adhikAMza vicArazIla mAnava svIkAra karate haiN| zubhakarmoM kA phala zubha aura azubha karmoM kA azubha milanA bhI sunizcita hai / kinhIM kAraNoM se yadi isa jIvana meM kinhIM karmoM kA phala nahIM milatA, to agale janma (jIvana) yA janmoM meM milanA nizcita hai| phala hI nahIM, karmoM ke saMskAra bhI sUkSmarUpa se kArmaNa (sUkSmatA) zarIra ke mAdhyama se agale janma yA janmoM meM sAtha-sAtha jAte haiM aura AgAmI (naye) jIvana (janma) kI pRSThabhUmi taiyAra karate haiN| bAlakoM meM ye viziSTa pratibhAe~ pUrvajanma ko mAne binA kahA~ se AtI ? isI kAraNa kaI bAlakoM meM janmajAta viziSTa pratibhA, yogyatA, asAdhAraNa guNa, vilakSaNa svabhAva Adi kisI paitRka yA AnuvaMzika guNa, 1. punarapi jananaM punarapi maraNaM punarapi jananI jaThare zayanam / For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma-2 83 pAripATiMka vAtAvaraNa, zikSaNa Adi ke binA bhI dikhAI dete haiN| inheM pUrvajanma-kRta karma, yA jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSaya-kSayopazama Adi ko mAne binA koI cArA nahIM hai|' vikhyAta phrAMsIsI bAlaka 'jAna lui kArdiyeka' jaba tIna mahIne kA thA, tabhI aMgrejI varNamAlA kA uccAraNa karane lagA thaa| tIna varSa kA hote-hote vaha laiTina bolane aura par3hane lagA thaa| pAMca varSa kI Ayu meM pahu~cane taka usane phreMca, hibrU aura grIka bhASAe~ bhI acchI taraha sIkha liiN| chaha varSa kI Ayu meM usane gaNita, bhUgola aura itihAsa para bhI Azcaryajanaka adhikAra prApta kara liyaa| sAtaveM varSa meM vaha isa duniyA ko chor3akara calA gyaa|2 . jarmanI meM bAla pratibhA kA kIrtimAna sthApita karane vAle 'jAna philipa veraTiyama' ne do varSa kI Ayu meM par3hanA-likhanA sIkha liyA thaa| chaha varSa kI Ayu meM vaha phreMca aura leTina meM dhArApravAha bola letA thaa| sAta varSa kI Ayu meM usane apane itihAsa, bhUgola aura gaNita sambandhI jJAna se tatkAlIna adhyApakoM ko avAk kara diyaa| sAtha hI isI umra meM usane bAibila kA grIka bhASA meM anuvAda bhI kiyaa| sAtaveM varSa meM hI vaha barlina kI raoNyala ekeDemI kA sadasya cunA gayA aura 'DaoNkTara oNpha philaoNsaoNphI kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA gyaa| kizorAvasthA meM praveza karate-karate vaha isa saMsAra se vidA ho gyaa| ___ atyanta alpa Ayu meM vilakSaNa pratibhA kA paricaya dekara samasta vizva ko Azcarya meM DAlane vAlA 'luveka (jarmanI) meM utpanna bAlaka 'phreDarika hInakena' san 1731 meM janmA thaa| paidA hone ke kucha hI ghaNTe bAda vaha bAtacIta karane lgaa| do varSa kI Ayu meM vaha bAibila ke sambandha meM pUchI gaI kisI bhI bAta kA yuktisaMgata vistRta uttara detA thA aura batA detA thA ki yaha prakaraNa kisa adhyAya kA hai| usakA itihAsa aura bhUgola kA jJAna bhI bejor3a thaa| DenmArka ke rAjA ne use rAjamahala meM bulAkara sammAnita kiyA thaa| tIna varSa kI Ayu meM usane bhaviSyavANI kI thI ki aba mujhe eka varSa aura jInA hai| usakA kathana akSarazaH satya niklaa| 4 varSa kI Ayu meM vaha paralokagAmI ho gyaa| 1. (ka) akhaNDajyoti jUna 1974 ke lekha se sAra-saMkSepa, pR. 32 .. (kha) vahI, sitambara 79 pR. 19 se sAra-saMkSepa 2. vahI, jUna 1974 ke lekha se, pR. 31 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma - vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) 'viliyama jemsa sidisa' ne apanI vilakSaNatA se sAre amerikA meM tahalakA macA diyaa| do varSa kI Ayu meM vaha dhar3alle se aMgrejI bolatA,. par3hatA aura likhatA thA / 8 varSa kI Ayu meM usane grIka, rUsI Adi 6 videzI bhASAoM kA jJAna arjita kara liyaa| gyAraha varSa kI Ayu meM usane deza ke mUrdhanya vidvAnoM kI sabhA meM usa samaya taka pracalita 'tIsare AyAma' kI bAta se haTakara 'cauthe AyAma' kI sambhAvanA para vilakSaNa vyAkhyAna diyA / 84 'lArDa maikAle' bhI do varSa kI Ayu meM par3hane lage the| 7 varSa kI Ayu meM 'vizva itihAsa' likhanA prArambha kiyA aura kitane hI anya zodhapUrNa grantha likhe| unheM usa yuga meM binA kisI sahAyaka grantha ke svayaM kI smaraNazakti ke AdhAra para 'vizva itihAsa' likhane ke kAraNa 'calatI phiratI vidyA' kahA jAtA thA / ' bahuta hI choTI umra meM asAdhAraNa pratibhAoM kA udaya honA, punarjanma kA prAmANika AdhAra hai| manuSya kA svAbhAvika vikAsa eka Ayukrama ke sAtha jur3A huA hai| kitanA hI tIvra mastiSka kyoM na ho, use sAmAnyatayA kramabaddha prazikSaNa kI AvazyakatA rahatI hai| yadi binA kisI prazikSaNa yA upayukta vAtAvaraNa ke choTe bAlakoM meM asAdhAraNa vizeSatAe~ dekhI jAeM to pUrvajanmoM ke unake saMgrahIta jJAna ko, vizeSataH jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama ko hI kAraNa mAnanA pdd'egaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhI bhagavatIsUtra meM yahI batAyA hai ki "jJAna ihabhavika hai, parabhavika bhI hai aura isa janma, para- janma tathA AgAmI janmoM meM bhI sAtha jAne vAlA hai / " ataH pUrvajanma yA janmoM meM arjita kiye hue jJAna aura jJAnAvaraNIyakarmakSayopazama ke saMskAra una una jIvoM ke sAtha isa janma meM bhI sAtha cale Ate haiN| isa janma meM una bAlakoM meM asamaya meM udIyamAna pratibhAvilakSaNatA kA samAdhAna pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ko mAne binA kathamapi nahIM ho sakatA / pUrvI jarmanI kA tIna varSa kA vilakSaNa pratibhAsampanna bAlaka 'homena 'kena' 'mastiSka vijJAna' ke zodhakarttA vidvAnoM ke lie AkarSaNa kendra rahA hai| 1. akhaNDajyoti jUna 1974 ke lekha se, pR. 31-32 2. (ka) akhaNDajyoti, julAI 1974 se sAra-saMkSepa pR. 13 (kha) (pra.) bhaMte! ihabhavie nANe, parabhavie nANe, tadubhayabhavie nANe ?" (u.) goyamA ! iha bhavie vi nANe, parabhavie vi nANe, tadubhayabhavie vi naanne|" - bhagavatIsUtra For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma-2 85 vaha itanI choTI umra meM jarmana bhASA ke grantha par3hane laga gayA thA, tathA gaNita ke sAmAnya praznoM ko hala karane lagA thaa| usane phreMca bhASA bhI acchI taraha sIkha lI thii|' ____ saMsAra ke itihAsa meM aisI janmajAta pratibhA lekara utpanna hue bAlakoM kI saMkhyA bahuta bar3I hai| sAibaranaiTiksa vijJAna kA AviSkAraka 'vInara' apanI vilakSaNa pratibhA kA paricaya 5 varSa kI Ayu se hI dene lagA thaa| usa samaya bhI usakA mastiSka praur3hoM jaisA vikasita thaa| vaha yuvA vaijJAnikoM kI paMkti meM baiThakara usI stara ke vicAra vyakta karatA thaa| usane 14 varSa kI Ayu meM snAtaka (ema. e.) parIkSA pAsa karalI thii| isI taraha kA eka bAlaka 'pAskAla' 15 varSa kI Ayu meM eka prAmANika grantha likha cukA thaa| mojArtA sAta varSa kI Ayu meM saMgItAcArya bana gayA thaa| geTe ne 9 varSa kI Ayu meM yUnAnI, laiTina aura jarmana bhASAoM meM kavitA likhanA prArambha kara diyA thaa| pUrvajanma punarjanma kA svIkAra H mAnava jAti ke lie AdhyAtmika upahAra isa prakAra ke anekAneka pramANa Ae dina hamAre paDhane-dekhane meM Ate haiN| inase pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kI mAnyatA kI puSTi hotI hai| maraNottara jIvana ke astitva kA asvIkAra karane vAle tathA nAstika logoM ke pAsa pUrvajanma evaM punarjanma ko mAne binA isakA koI samAdhAna nahIM hai| balki Aja punarjanma aura pUrvajanma kA svIkAra karanA mAnava jAti kI anivArya AvazyakatA hai| isake binA parivAra, samAja evaM rASTra meM naitikaAdhyAtmika mUlyoM ko sthira nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH isa tathya-satya ko jAnakara ki AtmA kA astitva zarIratyAga ke bAda bhI banA rahegA, vaha janma-janmAntara meM saMcita zubha-azubha karmoM ko sAtha lekara agale janma meM jAtA hai, usase jur3e hue jJAnAdi ke saMskArasamUha bhI janma-janmAntara taka dhArAvAhika rUpa se calate rahate haiN| ataH isa janma meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM palabhara bhI pramAda na karake zreSThatA kI dizA meM samyagdarzanAdi ratnatraya ke patha para kadama bar3hAnA caahie| punarjanmavAdI isa jIvana kA uttama DhaMga se nirmANa karate haiM jisase unakA agalA jIvana bhI uttarottara adhyAtmavikAsa ke sopAna pAra karake uttamottama banatA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke namipravrajyA adhyayana meM isI tathya ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| punarjanma meM 1. akhaNDajyoti, julAI 1974 se sArAMza, pR. 13 2. vahI, julAI 1974 se, pR. 14 3. akhaNDajyoti julAI 1979 se sArAMza, pR. 11 For Personal & Private Use Only

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86 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) dRr3ha vizvAsI nami rAjarSi ne jaba uttama jIvana-nirmANa meM bAdhaka rAga-dveSakAma-krodhAdi tathA tajjanita azubha karmamala Adi antaraMga zatruoM para vijaya prApta kara lI, taba indra ne unakI vibhinna prakAra se parIkSA kI, usameM uttIrNa hone para prazaMsAtmaka svara meM indra ne kahA - "bhagavan ! Apa isa loga meM bhI uttama haiM aura AgAmI (para) loka meM bhI uttama hoMge aura phira karmamala se rahita hokara Apa loka ke sarvottama sthAna - siddhi (mukti-mokSa) ko prApta kreNge|"" pUrvajanma - punarjanma kI mAnyatA se AdhyAtmika Adi aneka lAbha pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kI mAnyatA kA isase bar3hakara sarvottama lAbha aura kyA ho sakatA hai ? phira bhI isa AdarzavAdI AsthA se ihalaukika jIvana meM manuSyatA, naitikatA, sadAcAraparAyaNatA, paramArthavRtti, svAdhyAyazIlatA, vyavahArakuzalatA, prasannatA, sAtvikatA, nirahaMkAritA, antardRSTi, dIrghadarzitA, bhAvanAtmaka zreSThatA, sUjhabUjha, dhairya, sAhasa, zaurya, cAritraparAkrama, prakharadhAraNAzakti, sahayogavRtti Adi saiMkar3oM mAnavIya vizeSatAe~ upalabdha ho sakatI haiM; jinakA AdhyAtmika lAbha kama nahIM hai, tathA dIrghAyuSkatA, svasthatA, sukha-zAnti aura suvyavasthA ke rUpa meM vyAvahArika aura sAmAjika lAbha bhI puSkala haiN| pAralaukika jIvana meM usakA mUlya, mahattva aura lAbha aura adhika siddha hotA hai| isa prakAra caturtha AkSepa kA samAdhAna ho jAtA hai| (5) paMcama AkSepa : punarjanma kI mAnyatA avaijJAnika - yaha bhI eka AkSepa hai - punarjanma ko na mAnane vAloM kA / isa viSaya meM unakA tarka hai ki "isa janma meM kRta karmoM kA phala agale janma meM bhoganA par3atA hai| isakA artha yaha huA ki "devadatta ke vartamAna karmoM kA phala yajJadatta ko agale janma meM bhoganA pdd'egaa|" parantu yaha AkSepa bhI nirAdhAra hai, aura jaina karmavijJAna ke rahasya ko na samajhane ke kAraNa kiyA gayA hai| jaina karmavijJAna ke anusAra jisa jIva (AtmA) ne isa janma meM karma kiye haiM, vahI AtmA janmAntara meM una karmoM kA phala bhogatI hai, dUsarI nahIM / yaha AkSepa tabhI yathArtha samajhA jAtA, jaba isa janma kI, agale janma kI aura janmAntara kI AtmA alaga-alaga ho / kintu AtmA kabhI vinaSTa nahIM hotii| isa janma kI 1. ihaMsi uttamo bhaMte! peccA hohisi uttamo / logattamuttamaM ThANaM, siddhiM gacchasi nIrao // -uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 9 gA. 58 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma - astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma - 2 .87 aura janmAntara kI AtmA eka hI rahatI hai / kRta-karmAnusAra usakI paryAya badalatI hai|' ataH isa ayathArtha AkSepa kA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai| punarjanma-siddhAnta svakRta karma aura puruSArtha kA pratipAdaka pUrvajanma ke sambandha meM bhI Aja kucha bhrAntiyA~, andhavizvAsa aura mithyA dhAraNAe~ logoM ke dila-dimAga meM jamI huI haiN| jo punarjanma kA siddhAnta svakRta karma aura puruSArtha kI mahattA kA pratipAdaka thA, vaha Aja andhaniyativAda, niSkriyavAda evaM camatkAravAda kA pratIka bana gayA hai| punarjanma ko na mAnane vAle adhikAMza loga prArabdha yA Akasmika vizeSatA ko pUrvakRta karmaphala na mAnakara akAraNa yA vyavasthAvihIna cAmatkArika mAnate haiN| yoM dekhA jAe to punarjanma siddhAnta meM prArabdha (pUrvakRta) karma kA apanA vizeSa mahattva hai| parantu prArabdha kisI camatkAra kA pariNAma nahIM, aura na hI usake phala meM parivartana sarvathA asambhava hai| ina vilakSaNatAoM kA kAraNa pUrvajanmakRta karma hI haiM niHsandeha aise logoM kI kamI nahIM, jinheM janma se hI aneka vilakSaNatA prApta hotI haiM, yA jo pracalita lokapravAha se aprabhAvita tathA apanI hI vizeSatA se pratibhAsita dekhe jA sakate haiN| ina aura aisI hI vizeSatAoM kA kAraNa bhI daivI camatkAra nahIM, apitu pichale janma yA janmoM meM vaise vikAsa hetu unake svayaM ke dvArA kRta karma-kSaya kA yA zubha karma upArjana kA puruSArtha hotA hai| punarjanmasiddhAnta kA AdhAra vastutaH pUrvajanma meM kRtakarmakSaya yA zubhakarma ke phalasvarUpa upalabdha zubha yA zuddha pariNAma-saMskAra hI punarjanmasiddhAnta kA AdhAra hai| bhAvasaMvedanAeM, AsthAeM, zuddha - azuddha cintana kI dizAeM aura svabhAva hI kArmaNazarIra ke rUpa meM pariNata hokara agale janma meM saMskArarUpa meM sAtha rahate haiM, sAdhana-sAmagriyA~ yA suvidhAe~ nahIM / karmayogI zrIkRSNa ke vikAsa meM janma-kAla aura bAlyakAla meM kaI vighna bAdhAe~, vipattiyA~, saMkaTa kI ghana-ghaTAe~ ghirI huI thIM, kintu pUrva-janmakRta zubhakarmoM kI prabalatA ke kAraNa unameM sAhasa, zaurya, utsAha, karmayoga Adi guNoM kA svataH vikAsa hone lagA aura ve apane puruSArtha ke bala para Age bar3hate ge| ayodhyA kI rAjakIya sukha-suvidhAe~ zrIrAma ko rAvaNa- vijaya meM raMcamAtra bhI sahayoga 1. (ka) 'kattArameva aNujAi kamma' (kha) paMcAstikAya, gA. 17-18 For Personal & Private Use Only - uttarAdhyayana 13 / 23

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88 - karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) na de skiiN| bha. mahAvIra yA tathAgata buddha ke vikAsa meM unakA rAjakIya aizvarya yA dhana koI bhI sahAyatA nahIM kara skaa| ina saba mahAn AtmAoM ke vyaktitva kI vAstavika vizeSatAeM pUrvajanmakRta hI thiiN| yahI kAraNa hai| ki unhoMne isa jIvana meM kaThora se kaThora apratyAzita vipatti, saMkaTa, evaM vighna-bAdhA ko pUrvajanmakRta karmaphala (prArabdha kA bhoga) mAnakara dhairyapUrvaka samabhAva se sahana kii| punarjanma kA siddhAnta inheM bhAvI utkarSa hetu pUrNa vizvAsa ke sAtha Age bar3hate rahane kI preraNA detA thaa| ___ ataH pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke astitva kI siddhi karma ke astitva ko siddha karatI hai, donoM kA anyonyAzraya sambandha hai| punarjanma sambandhI mithyA mAnyatA aura bhrAnti . . pUrvajanma ke prati yaha vivekamUDhatA, aura mithyAmAnyatA hai ki loga duHkhagrasta, yA Arthika dRSTi se svecchA se nirdhana ko pichale janma kA pApI aura vartamAna meM suvidhAsajjita, ADambaraparAyaNa, dhanakuberoM yA sattAdhIzoM ko vigata janma kA puNyAtmA mAna baiThate haiN| ye mApadaNDa mithyA hai| ina mApadaNDoM se to zrIrAma, bhagavAna mahAvIra, tathAgata buddha, tyAgI sA sAdhvI, saMnyAsI, svAmI vivekAnanda, mahAtmA gAndhI, santa vinobA Adi punIta puruSa abhAge, mahApApI; tathA atyAcArI, bhogI-vilAsI, dhanapati yA sattAdhIza mahAn puNyAtmA siddha hoNge| parantu koI bhI dharma, darzana yA vicArazIla mata ise mAnane ko taiyAra na hogaa| punarjanma ke siddhAnta kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi ataH punarjanma ke siddhAnta kI upayogitA aura anivAryatA ko tathA janma-janmAntara se cale Ane vAle karmapravAha ko tathA karmaphala ke aTUTa krama ko samajhane kI AvazyakatA hai| ise bhalIbhAMti hRdayaMgama karane para hI jIvana kI dizAdhArA nirdhArita karane aura mor3ane meM saphalatA mila sakatI hai| apanI Antarika durbalatAoM aura vikRtiyoM ko apanI hI bhUla se cubhe kAMTe samajhakara dhairyapUrvaka nikAlanA aura ghAvoM ko bharanA caahie| apane jIvana meM tyAga, tapa, saMyama, saMvara, tathA kSamAdi dasa dharmoM ko apanI amUlya upalabdhi mAnakara unheM saMrakSita hI nahIM, parivarddhita karane kA abhyAsa satata jArI rakhanA caahie| ratnatraya kI sAdhanA ke patha para bar3hate rahA jAe to usake supariNAma isa janma meM nahIM to agale jIvana meM bhI milate haiM. isa tathya ko mana-mastiSka meM jamA liyA jAe to Atmika-vikAsa me kadApi Alasya-pramAda kI manovRtti panapa nahIM paaegii| vilamba se bhI zreSThatA kI dizA meM uThAyA gayA kadama kabhI nirAzotpAdaka nahIM hogaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma- astitva ke mUlAdhAra : pUrvajanma aura punarjanma - 2 89 karmamukti kI sAdhanA meM rattIbhara bhI lAparavAhI, hAnikAraka siddha hogii| azuddhi aura galatI ko turaMta sudhAranA Avazyaka hogA / punarjanma ke vizvAsI meM yaha bhAvanA kadApi nahIM AnI cAhie ki itanA to satkarma kara liyA, aba zeSa jIvana meM manamAnI mauja kara leM, sAMsArika sukha bhoga kara leN| punarjanma kI vAstavikatA ko samajhane vAlA antima kSaNa taka zreyaspatha para calatA rhegaa| aba to thor3e dinoM kA jInA hai, yA cAhe jaise dina kATane haiM, svAdhyAya-sAdhanA, saMyama-upAsanA, jJAnAdi - sAdhanA evaM sevA kA patha apanAkara kyA hogA? aisI bhAvanA punarjanma para saccI AsthA rakhane vAle meM nahIM A sktii| usake lie to jIvana kA pratyeka kSaNa evaM pratyeka satkArya mahattvapUrNa hai, kyoMki karma aura karmaphala meM usakI aTUTa AsthA rahatI hai| saccA punarjanmavizvAsI apane bhItara virAjamAna Atmadeva ko manAne aura usI kA samyak vikAsa karane meM dattacitta rahatA hai, karmoM ke bandhana se AtmA ko mukta karane kA cintana karatA hai| yahI punarjanma siddhAnta kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi aura naitika AdhyAtmika preraNA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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90 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) . J parAmanovaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi meM . punarjanma aura karma pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke astitva ke sambandha meM pichale do prakaraNoM meM hamane vibhinna dArzanikoM, dharmadhurandharoM, vaijJAnikoM-mano-vaijJAnikoM dvArA prayukta yuktiyA~, sUktiyA~ aura unakI anubhUtiyA~ tathA pramANoM aura Apta (pratyakSajJAniyoM ke) vacana prastuta kiye haiM aura yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki maraNottara jIvana bhI hai, aura maraNapUrva bhI jIvana thaa| aura janma-janmAntara kA yaha avicchinna jIvana-pravAha zubhAzubha karma-saMtati ke AdhAra para calatA A rahA hai| parokSajJAniyoM kA hArdika saMtoSajanaka samAdhAna nahIM parantu parokSajJAniyoM (alpajJoM) ke samakSa kitane hI pramANa, yuktiyA~, tarka, Aptavacana Adi prastuta kiye jAe~, unakI dRSTi meM ve saba parokSa hI haiM, hRdaya-grAhya nahIM; kyoMki buddhi aura tarka ke dvArA antima nirNaya nahIM ho paataa| buddhi kA yaha viSaya hI nahIM hai| isa kAraNa unake pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke prazna kA antima aura santoSajanaka manaHsamAdhAna nahIM ho paataa| parAmanovaijJAnikoM dvArA isa sambandha meM anusandhAna aura prayoga parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne isa zAzvata prazna ko samAhita karane kA bIr3A utthaayaa| pAzcAtya jagat meM maraNottara jIvana ke viSaya meM carcA-vicAraNA kaI varSoM pUrva taka mAitholaoNjI, majahaba, meTAphijiksa aura philaoNsaoNphI kA viSaya thaa| pichale lagabhaga 60 varSoM se vahA~ aura yahA~ bhI isa dizA meM parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne paryApta anusandhAna aura prayoga kiye haiM, aura unake prayoga saphala bhI hue haiN| pUrvajanma kI sAkSI : sabhI dharmoM ke bAlako kI pUrvajanma-smRti parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne pUrvajanma kI smRti jisa-jisa bAlaka ko hotI thI, usakA sAkSAtkAra kiyA, unake pUrvajanma ke sthAna, nAma, sambandhoM tathA For Personal & Private Use Only

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parAmanovaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi meM punarjanma aura karma vRttAntoM kI svayaM jAMca-par3atAla kii| pUrNatayA usa ghaTanA kI prAmANikatA .kI jAMca karane ke bAda unhoMne niSkarSa prastuta kiye| ina meM aise baccoM kI bhI ghaTanAe~ haiM, jina baccoM ke mAtA-pitA yA vaMzaparamparA meM 'punarjanma' ko sAmAnyatayA nahIM mAnA jAtA thaa| una baccoM ne pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kI jo bAteM batAI, ve sacamuca Azcaryacakita kara dene vAlI hai| " AtmA aura karma ko asvIkAra karane vAle, tathA pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ko nahIM mAnane vAle jina-jina logoM ne una ghaTanAoM kI gaharI jAMca kI, parIkSA kI, una baccoM kA bhI pratyakSa sAkSAtkAra kiyA, aura anta meM unheM svIkAra karanA par3A ki AtmA hai, karma hai aura pUrvajanma - punarjanma bhI hai| una satya ghaTanAoM ko ve asatya kaise siddha kara pAte ? una bAlakoM ke mu~ha se kahI huI pUrvajanma kI bAteM sahI nikalIM, Aja bhI unakA uttara de pAnA kaThina hai| 91 punarjanma ko pratyakSavat siddha kara diyA parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne ina parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne samasta parokSajJAniyoM ke tarkoM, yuktiyoM, pramANoM evaM AptavacanoM ko bahuta pIche chor3a diyA, pUrvajanma kI ghaTanAoM ke anusandhAna se unhoMne pratyakSavat saba kucha siddha kara btaayaa| isase pUrvajanma evaM punarjanma ke viSaya meM jo tarka, pramANa, yukti tathA anubhava Adi prastuta kiye gaye the, ve nirarthaka nahIM hue, balki unakI sArthakatA aura ..puSTi meM cAra cAMda laga ge| parAmanovijJAna vijJAna kI hI eka zAkhA hai| sarvaprathama AtmA ke astitva ko siddha karane hetu manovaijJAnikoM ne pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ko jAnane kA prayatna kiyA, unake isa kArya ko Age bar3hAne ke lie parAmanovaijJAnika Age aae| parAmanovaijJAnikoM dvArA prastuta cAra tathya unhoMne pratyakSa prayoga karake pUrvajanma evaM punarjanma ke astitva ko siddha karane ke sAtha-sAtha AtmA ke anAditva ko aura pravAharUpa se karma ke anAditva ko bhI siddha kara diyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, parAmanovijJAna ne vividha ghaTanAoM kI jAMca par3atAla karake cAra tathya prastuta kiye haiM 1. (ka) 'ghaTa-ghaTa dIpa jale' (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) meM dekheM, 'pUrvajanma - punarjanma' pR. 54, 57 (kha) akhaNDa jyoti, julAI 1974 meM prakAzita 'marane ke sAtha hI jIvana kA anta nahIM ho jAtA,' lekha kA sArAMza pR. 12 (ga) jainadarzana meM AtmavicAra (DaoN. lAlacandra jaina) pR. 222 For Personal & Private Use Only

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92 - karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) 1. kisI-kisI ko mRtyu hone se pUrva athavA kisI ko akasmAt hai| bhaviSya meM ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanA kA pahale se hI AbhAsa (pUrvAbhAsa) ho jAtA hai| 2. bhaviSya ke jJAna kI taraha atIta (pUrvajanma yA pUrvajanmoM) kA jJAna ho sakatA hai| 3. kisI-kisI ko kisI bhI mAdhyama ke binA pratyakSajJAna ho jAtA hai, arthAt-kisI vastu yA vyakti ke viSaya meM vaha sAkSAt jAna letA hai| 4. binA kisI mAdhyama ke eka vyakti hajAroM kosa dUra baiThe hue vyakti ko apane vicAra preSita (vicAra-sampreSaNa) kara sakatA hai| punarjanma kI siddhi ke sAtha AtmA aura karma kA anAdi astitva bhI siddha : . parAmanovaijJAnikoM dvArA prayogasiddha ina cAra tathyoM ke AdhAra para una logoM ko bhI yaha socane ke lie bAdhya honA par3A, jo yaha mAnate the, kiM mRtyu ke bAda jIvana nahIM hai| AtmA aura karma kA astitva nahIM hai| yA AtmA aura karma isa janma taka hI haiM, unakA cirakAla sthAyitva nahIM hai| IsAI aura islAma dharma punarjanma ko nahIM mAnate haiN| isalie yadi koI bAlaka usa taraha kI bAta kare to use zaitAna kA prakopa samajhakara use DarA-dhamakAkara usakA muMha baMda kara diyA jAtA hai| parantu mithyA-kalpanA, andha-vizvAsa aura kiMvadantiyoM kI sImAoM ko tor3akara prAmANika vyaktiyoM ke dvArA kiye gae anveSaNoM se aisI ghaTanAeM sAmane AtI rahatI haiM, jinase pUrvajanma aura punarjanma, donoM tathya bhalIbhAMti siddha ho jAte haiN| parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne unakI A~kheM khola dI haiM, aura unheM yaha mAnane ko bAdhya honA par3A hai ki pUrvajanma bhI hai aura punarjanma bhI hai| AtmA aura karma kA astitva bhI cirasthAyI hai|"2 IsAI-parivAra se sambaddha pUrvajanma-smRti kI ghaTanA kopanahegana (DenamArka) kI eka sAta varSIya IsAI parivAra kI lar3akI lInA mArkonI apane pUrvajanma kI smRti kA vivaraNa batAtI thii| vaha apane ko pichale janma kI philIpIna-nivAsI kisI hoTala-mAlika kI 'mAriyA espinA' nAmaka putrI kahatI thii| gyAraha varSa kI umra meM vaha marI aura phira 1. (ka) 'ghaTa-ghaTa dIpa jale' se pR. 57 (kha) akhaNDa jyoti, julAI 1974, ke lekha se sArAMza 2. akhaNDa jyoti julAI, 1974, ke lekha para se pR. 11-12 For Personal & Private Use Only

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parAmanovaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi meM punarjanma aura karma 93 yahA~ Akara paidA ho gii| ye sabhI bAteM, vizeSatayA IsAI parivAra kI lar3akI ke lie bar3I vicitra thIM, jisameM punarjanma kI mAnyatA nahIM hai| kintu usa lar3akI kI pUrvajanma kI smRti ke anusAra, usake dvArA batAye gaye deza tathA sthAna meM jAkara patA lagAyA, jAMca-par3atAla kI, to mAlUma huA ki usakA kathana yathArthatA kI kasauTI para bilakula kharA thaa|' muslima parivAra se sambaddha pUrvajanma-smRti kI ghaTanA aba lIjie islAma dharma kI bAlikA ke pUrvajanma smRti kI ghttnaa| 'ajamera ke jainasthAnaka meM kaviratna upAdhyAya zrI kevalamuni jI ke darzanArtha eka mahilA apanI eka bAlikA ko lekara aaii| mAM kA nAma thAkiraNadevI aura bAlikA kA nAma thaa-miinaa| usa samaya vaha cAra-pAMca varSa kI thii| aura jaba-taba apanI mAM ke samakSa apane pUrvajanma kI bAteM kahane lagatI thI- "merA ghara AgarA meM hai| maiM musalamAnI hU~ / merA pati hai| usake do patniyA~ haiN| vahA~ mere do bacce haiM, maiM namAja par3hanA jAnatI huuN| ityaadi|" mInA jaba ye bAteM kahatI to usakI mAM use DAMTa-DapaTa kara cupa kara detii| Aja bhI bAtacIta ke silasile meM kiraNadevI ne mInA ke dvArA jaba-taba kahI jAne vAlI ina pUrvajanma-sambandhI bAtoM kA jikra kiyA to unhoMne kiraNadevI ko samajhAyA-AtmA nitya aura avinAzI hai| pichale janma ke prabala karmajanya saMskAroM ko sAtha lekara vaha agale janma meM AtI hai| una saMskAroM kI smRti ko jainazAstroM meM jAti-smaraNa-jJAna kahate haiN| ataH agara yaha baccI pichale janma kI bAteM kahatI hai to use roko-Toko mata, dhyAnapUrvaka suno|" kiraNadevI ke sahamata hone ke pazcAt zrI kevalamunijI ne mInA ko AzvAsana diyA, aura usake pichale janma kI bAteM kahane ke lie protsAhita kiyaa| mInA ne kahA-"maiM pichale janma meM AgarA rahatI thii| lohAmaMDI kI eka galI meM hamArA choTA-sA makAna thaa| merA nAma nUrajahA~ thaa| hamAre ghara se thor3I dUra jaina bhavana thaa| vahA~ maiM kabhI-kabhI pahu~ca jAtI thii| vahA~ prAyaH jIvadayA para munizrI kA pravacana hotA thA, use maiM sunA karatI thii| phira maiM jaina pAThazAlA meM par3hI, vahA~ bhI mujhe yahI zikSA milii| isake bAda merI islAma kI zikSA zurU huii| maulavI sAhaba ne mujhe namAja par3hanA sikhaayaa| maiM jaba 13-14 sAla kI huI to merI mAM sAlabhara kI bImArI ke bAda cala bsii| pitAjI mere vivAha ke liye cintita rahate the| eka dina eka vyakti ne mere pitAjI ko sujhAva diyA ki hai. vahI, julAI 1974, ke lekha se pR. 13 For Personal & Private Use Only

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94 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) 'merA dosta abdullA kapar3e kI dukAna karatA hai| usakI pahalI bIvI ke koI santAna nahIM hai| vaha dUsarI zAdI karanA cAhatA hai| usameM kisI prakAra kA koI aiba nahIM hai| Apa cAheM to 'nUra' kI zAdI usake sAtha kara sakate haiN|' pitAjI ne ukta yuvaka se bAta karake usake sAtha merI zAdI kara dii| maiM apane pIhara ke dayA dharma ke saMskAravaza mAMsAhAra se sakhta napharata karatI thii| sasurAla meM bhI mujhe mAMsAhAra se paraheja rhaa| mere pati ne bhI mAMsa khAnA chor3a diyaa| para merI sauta mAMsa khAtI thii| vaha mere sAtha kalaha karatI, mujhe taMga karatI aura jalI-kaTI sanAtI rahatI thii| maiM do baccoM kI mAM bana gaI, yaha usakI A~khoM meM khaTakatA thaa| eka dina maiM rAta ko pAnI bharane ke lie pAsa vAle kuMe para gii| mujhe mAra DAlane kI nIyata se merI sauta ne pIche se Akara mujhe dhakkA de diyaa| maiM kuMe meM gira gii| pIche kyA huA, mujhe nahIM maaluum| aba bhI mujhe mAsUma baccoM kI yAda AtI hai to maiM chaTapaTAtI huuN|" yoM kahakara vaha A~sU bahAne lgii| kevalamunijI ne use AzvAsana dekara samajhAyA-"ye to jIte-jI ke jaMjAla haiN| pichale janmoM meM tumane kaI parivAroM ko chor3A, usakI cintA nahIM karatI, to isa pichale janma ke parivAra kI bhI cintA mata kro| vartamAna janma ko sudhArane kI cintA kro|" mInA kA yaha pUrvajanma muslima-parivAra se sambaddha thA; kintu usake dayAdharma ke prabala saMskAroM ke phalasvarUpa pUrvakRta zubhakarmodaya se marane ke bAda jainadharmI parivAra meM usakA janma huaa| sabhI dharmoM ke parivAroM meM ghaTita ghaTanAe~ : pUrvajanma ko siddha karatI hai isa prakAra IsAI, musalamAna, jaina, bauddha, hindU Adi sabhI dharmaparamparA ke baccoM kI pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kI smRti kI ghaTanAe~ parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne ekatra kI haiM aura una para paryApta jAMca-par3atAla karane ke pazcAt ve sabhI satya siddha huii| isa para se parAmanovaijJAnikoM kA kathana hai ki "pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kA siddhAnta upahAsAspada, bhrAntiyukta yA andhavizvAsapUrNa nahIM hai, apitu yaha satya aura pratyakSa anubhava ke dharAtala para sthita akATya siddhAnta hai|" kucha varSoM pUrva 'gItApresa gorakhapura se prakAzita 'kalyANa' (mAsika patra) ke punarjanma-vizeSAMka meM deza-videza ke sabhI dharmaparamparA ke bAlakoM kI pUrvajanma-smRti se sambandhita Azcaryajanaka 1. upAdhyAya zrI kevalamunijI dvArA likhita 'do AMsU' (kahAnI saMgraha) se sAra-saMkSepa, pR. 1 se 20 For Personal & Private Use Only

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parAmanovaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi meM punarjanma aura karma 95 evaM rocaka saccI ghaTanAe~ chapI haiN| ina saba ghaTanAoM para se pAzcAtyavicArakoM ko bhI pUrvajanma - punarjanma ke siddhAnta ke adhyayana kI ora AkarSita kiyA hai|' DaoN. sTIveMsana dvArA punarjanma kI ghaTanAe~ prastuta varjIniyA vizvavidyAlaya, amerikA ke cikitsA vijJAna vibhAga ke prophesara DaoN. hayAna sTIveMsana ne 'AtmA kI khoja' viSaya ko lekara vizvabhramaNa kiyaa| unhoMne pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ko AtmA evaM karma ke 'cirasthAyI astitva kA mUla AdhAra mAnA; aura isake lie bhAratavarSa meM aae| bhArata ko apane parAmanovaijJAnika zodhakArya ke lie unhoMne vizeSa upayukta smjhaa| isakA kAraNa unhoMne yaha batAyA ki bhAratIya dharma-paramparAoM meM punarjanma ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isalie pichale janma kI smRtiyA~ batAne vAle bAlakoM kI bAteM yahA~ dilacaspI se sunI jAtI haiM, aura unase prAmANika tathya ubharakara sAmane Ate rahate haiN| DaoN. sTIveMsana ne barmA, thAIlaiNDa, zrIlaMkA Adi bauddha dharma pradhAna dezoM meM bhI punarjanma kI upayogI ghaTanAoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| isake atirikta lebanAna, TarkI, sIriyA, sAiprasa tathA anya kaI yUropIya dezoM meM bhI, jahA~ bhI patA calA, ve svayaM apanI TIma ke sAtha gae, ghaTanA kA adhyayana karake usakI prAmANikatA kI jAMca kI tathA gaharAI se chAnabIna bhI kii| tatpazcAt naye-naye tathya aura Azcaryajanaka niSkarSa prastuta kiye| bauddha dezoM yA yUropIya dezoM meM bhI adhika vivaraNa diye jAne se punarjanma kI ghaTanAoM kI chAnabIna AsAnI se kI jA sakatI hai| DaoN. sTIveMsana ne saMsArabhara se lagabhaga 600 aisI ghaTanAe~ ekatrita kI haiM, jinameM una-una vyaktiyoM dvArA batAye gaye unake pUrvajanmoM ke anubhava prAmANika siddha hue haiN| inameM se 170 pramANa to akele bhArata ke haiN| inameM bar3I Ayu ke loga bahuta kama haiN| tIna se lekara pAMca varSa taka ke adhikAMza bAlaka haiN| navodita komala mastiSka evaM nizchala sarala hRdaya para pUrvajanma kI chAyA adhika spaSTa rahatI hai| Ayu bar3hane ke sAtha-sAtha vartamAna janma 1. (ka) jainadarzana meM AtmavicAra (DaoN. lAlacandra jaina) pR. 222 (kha) dekheM--'kalyANa' (mAsika patra) kA punarjanma - vizeSAMka 2. (ka) akhaNDa jyoti, julAI, 1974 meM prakAzita 'marane ke bAda bhI AtmA kA astitva' lekha se sArAMza (kha) jainadarzana meM AtmavicAra (DaoN. lAlacandra jaina) pR. 222 For Personal & Private Use Only

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96 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) kI jAnakAriyA~ usake mastiSka meM itanI adhika lada jAtI haiM ki usa dabAva se pichale janma kI smRtiyA~ vismRti ke garta meM giratI jAtI haiN| DaoN. sTIveMsana ke zodha rikArDa meM eka aisI paMcavarSIya lar3akI kI ghaTanA bhI aMkita hai, jo hindIbhASI parivAra meM janma lekara bhI baMgalA bhASA ke gIta gAtI thI aura usI zailI meM nRtya karatI thI, jabaki koI bhI baMgAlI usa ghara yA parivAra ke nikaTa nahIM thaa| isa lar3akI ne apanA pUrvajanma silahaTa (AsAma) kA btaayaa| isa janma meM vaha jabalapura (ma.pra.) meM . paidA huii| usane pUrvajanma kI jo-jo ghaTanAe~ tathA smRtiyA~ batAI, ve patA lagAne para 95 pratizata sahI nikliiN| pUrvajanma kI smRti kaise-kaise logoM ko hotI hai pUrvajanma kA smaraNa kisa prakAra ke logoM ko rahatA hai, isa sambandha meM DaoN. sTIveMsana Adi parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne batAyA ki jinakI mRtyu pracaNDa bhayaMkara AvAja sunakara yA AgneyAstra dekhakara athavA bijalI girane Adi ke bhaya, AzaMkA, abhiruci, buddhimattA, uttejanAtmaka, Avezagrasta manaHsthiti meM huI ho, unheM pichale janma kI smRti adhika spaSTa hotI hai| athavA durghaTanA, hatyA, AtmahatyA, atRpti, kAtaratA yA udvignatA athavA moha-grastatA se yukta cittavikSobhakArI pichale janma ke ghaTanA krama bhI smRti-paTala para ubharate rahate haiN| pichale janma ke kalA-kauzala, viziSTa svabhAva yA Adata athavA zauka kI bhI chApa kisI-kisI- bAlaka meM vartamAna janma meM banI rahatI hai| jinase adhika pyAra yA adhika dveSa rahA hai, ve loga bhI isa janma meM vizeSa rUpa se yAda Ate haiN|' ___ DaoN. sTIveMsana ko kucha kesa aise bhI mile, jinameM pUrvajanma kA smaraNa karane vAle unhIM bImAriyoM se grasta the, athavA unhIM pUrvajanma kI AdatoM se ghire the, athavA unake zarIra para ve hI nizAna the, jo pUrvajanma meM the| arthAt-AkRti kI banAvaTa, aura zarIra para jahA~-tahA~ pAye jAne vAle vizeSa cinha bhI agale janma meM usI prakAra pAye ge| iMglaiNDa kI punarjanma kI eka vicitra ghaTanA kucha varSoM pUrva prakAza meM AI thii| naoNrthambaralaiNDa nivAsI eka sajjana mi. polaka kI do lar3akiyA~ sar3aka para eka moTara kI capeTa meM Akara mara gaI thiiN| bar3I-joAnA 11 varSa kI thI, aura choTI-jaikalina 6 varSa kI thii| 1. (ka) akhaNDa jyoti, julAI, 1974 ke lekha para se sAra-saMkSepa pR. 12 (kha) jainadarzana meM AtmavicAra (DaoN. lAlacandra jaina) pR. 222 For Personal & Private Use Only

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parAmanovaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi meM punarjanma aura karma 97 durghaTanA ke kucha samaya bAda zrImatI polaka garbhavatI huI to unheM raha-rahakara yahI lagatA rahA ki unake peTa meM do jur3avA~ lar3akiyA~ haiN| DaoNkTarI jAMca karane para vaisA pramANa na milA, kintu bAda meM yathAsamaya do jur3avA~ lar3akiyA~ hI jnmiiN| eka kA nAma rakhA gayA-'giliyana' aura dUsarI kA 'jeniphr'| ina donoM ke zarIra para ve hI nizAna pAye gae, jo unake pUrvajanma meM the| itanA hI nahIM, unakI AdateM bhI mRta lar3akiyoM jaisI hI thiiN| ina donoM lar3akiyoM ko mRta lar3akiyoM ke bAre meM kucha bhI batAyA nahIM gayA thA, phira bhI kucha bar3I hone para ye Apasa meM pUrvajanma kI ghaTanAoM kI carcA karane lgiiN| samayAnusAra una donoM ne apane pUrvajanma ke aneka saMsmaraNa sunAkara tathA apane upayoga meM Ane vAlI aneka vastuoM kI jAnakArI dekara yaha siddha kara diyA ki ina donoM ne isI ghara meM punaH janma liyA hai| ___ karmasiddhAntAnusAra-pUrvajanma meM isI ghara yA parivAra ke mohamamatvajanita karmavaza isa janma meM bhI isI ghara meM una donoM kA janma huaa| isase AtmA aura karma kA avicchinna pravAharUpa se astitva pratiphalita hotA hai| eka kesa meM pUrvajanma-smaraNakartA vyakti ke pichale janma meM peTa kA oNparezana cinha, agale janma meM bhI usI sthAna para eka vizeSa lakIra ke rUpa meM pAyA gyaa| isake atirikta pUrvajanma meM jisa prakAra kI durghaTanA huI ho, usake smaraNakartA ko usa stara kA vAtAvaraNa dekhate hI akAraNa Dara lagane lagatA hai| jaise-kisI kI mRtyu bandUka kI golI se, bijalI kar3akane yA girane se huI hai to usakA smaraNakartA sAdhAraNa paTAkhoM kI AvAja se bhI Darane lagatA hai| pAnI meM DUbane se mRtyu huI ho, to vaha jalAzayoM ko dekhate hI akAraNa Darane lagatA hai| . pUrvajanma kI smRti saMjoye rahane vAloM meM Adhe se adhika aise the, jinakI mRtyu pichale janma meM 20 varSa se kama Ayu meM huI thii| DaoN. sTIveMsana kA kahanA hai ki pUrvajanma-smaraNa kA kesa dekhate hI usa bacce se choTI umra meM hI pUchatAcha karanI cAhie, kyoMki 5-6 varSa ke hone para pUrvajanma kI bAteM ve prAyaH bhUlane lagate haiN| jaise-jaise Ayu bar3hatI jAtI hai, vaise-vaise bhAvuka saMvedanAe~ samApta hotI jAtI haiN| manuSya kAmakAjI, bahudhaMdhI yA duniyAdAra banatA jAtA hai| bhAvanAtmaka komalatAe~ jitanI kaThora hotI 1. akhaNDa jyoti, julAI, 1974 ke lekha se sArAMza pR. 12-13 For Personal & Private Use Only

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98 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) jAe~gI, utanI hI unakI saMvedanAe~ phIkI aura smRtiyA~ dhuMdhalI par3atI jaaeNgii| 'Atmarahasya' meM prakAzita pUrvajanma-smRti kI ghaTanA "zrI ratanalAlajI jaina ne 'Atma-rahasya' nAmaka pustaka meM deza-videza kI pUrvajanma-punarjanma se sambandhita kaI ghaTanAe~ aMkita kI haiN| barelI kI eka ghaTanA san 1926 kI hai| vahA~ kaikayanandana vakIla ke yahA~ eka putra utpanna huaa| jaba vaha bAlaka 5 varSa kA huA aura bolanA sIkha gayA to vaha apane pUrvajanma kI bAteM batAne lagA ki pUrvajanma meM maiM banArasa-nivAsI babuA pANDe kA putra thaa| usake pitA zrI kaikayanandana kaI mitroM ke sAtha usa bAlaka ko banArasa le gae aura bAlaka ke batalAye hue sthAna para ge| usa samaya banArasa ke jilAdhIza zrI bI. ena. mehatA bhI upasthita the| babuA pANDe tathA usa mohalle ke ekatrita sajjanoM ko unake nAma le lekara vaha bAlaka pukArane lagA aura aneka prazna bhI pUchane lagA ki amuka-amuka vastue~ kahA~ haiM ? aura kaisI haiM ? ukta bAlaka kA batalAyA huA pUrvajanma kA vRttAnta bilakula saca niklaa|"2 nau janmoM kI smRti kI Azcaryajanaka ghaTanA parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne eka hI janma nahIM, nau-nau janmoM taka kI smRti kI ghaTanAe~ saMgrahIta kI haiN| isa sandarbha meM dakSiNa aphrIkA ke johAnsavarga kI eka ghaTanA hai-pitA eDavarDa barve aura mAtA kairolina phrAMsisa elijAbetha kI putrI 'joya barve kii| dakSiNa aphrIkA ke johAnsavarga sthita 'viTTATara sTraiNDa vizvavidyAlaya ke prophesara Arthara blekasle ne 'sAikika risarca ke kSetra meM prayoga ke daurAna teraha varSIya joya barve kI vicitratAo kI bAta jJAta hone para jA~ca-par3atAla zurU kii| yoM to 'joya' jaba DhAI varSa kI thI, tabhI se vaha pUrvajanma-paricita vastuoM kA smaraNa karake ati prAcIna aitihAsika dRzyoM aura vastuoM ke citra banAne lagI thii| usakI isa zakti kA pracAra taba se huA, jaba 12 varSa kI Ayu meM vaha krUgara hAusa nAmaka bhavana dekhane gayI, jahA~ 19 zatAbdI meM vahA~ kA gaNatantra-pradhAna 'oma paoNla' rahatA thaa| 'joya' ne oma paoNla se sambandhita sArI aitihAsika ghaTanAe~ kramabaddha batAI, je 1. (ka) akhaNDa jyoti, julAI, 1974 se sArAMza pR. 12 ___ (kha) jainadarzana meM 'Atma vicAra' (DaoN. lAlacandra jaina) pR. 222 2. mahAbandho pustaka 2 kI prastAvanA (paM. phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI) se pR. 11 3. akhaNDa jyoti, pharavarI 1975, ke 'punarjanma siddhAnta ko bhalIbhAMti samajhA jAya lekha se sArAMza pR. 34 For Personal & Private Use Only

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parAmanovaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi meM punarjanma aura karma 99 itihAsa prAdhyApaka dvArA chAnabIna karane se bilkula sahI nikliiN| phira yaha bAlikA parAmanovaijJAnikoM ke adhyayana kA eka AkarSaNa kendra bana gii| joya kA dAvA hai ki use pichale nau janmoM kI smRti hai| 'joya' ke anusAra bahuta pahale ke eka janma kI use itanI hI bAta yAda hai ki DinAsAra (DAyanAsora) (prAcIna bhImakAya pazu) ne eka bAra usakA pIchA kiyA thaa| yaha pASANakAla kI ghaTanA hai| dUsare janma meM joya dAsI thii| usake svAmI ne aprasanna hokara usakA sira kATa diyA thaa| tIsare janma meM bhI vaha dAsI ke rUpa meM rhii| vaha nAcatI bhI thii| cauthe janma meM roma meM vaha eka jagaha rahatI thI aura rezamI kambala aura vastra bunatI thii| pAMcaveM janma meM vaha eka dharmAndha mahilA thI aura eka dharmopadezaka ko usane patthara de mArA thaa| joya kA chaThA janma iTalI meM navajAgaraNakAla meM huaa| usa samaya vahA~ kalA aura sAhitya ke kSetra meM naI jAgRti ubhAra para thii| usake ghara meM dIvAroM aura chatoM para bar3e-bar3e citra aMkita the| sAtavAM janma 'guDahopa' antarIpa meM 17vIM zatAbdI meM huaa| vahAM vaha Thigane pIle raMga ke logoM meM se thii| rAjyAzraya meM palane vAle vyavasAya se usakA AjIvana sambandha rhaa| AThaveM janma meM vaha adhika vikAsazIla kSetra meM paidA huii| 19vIM zatAbdI kI yaha bAta hai| san 1883 se 1900 taka vaha TrAMsavAla gaNataMtra ke rASTrapati 'oma paoNla' ke nivAsa bhavana meM AtI-jAtI thii| usI daurAna usane usase sambandhita sAre aitihAsika saMsmaraNa prastuta kiye the| sAtha hI kalA aura kArIgarI meM use gaharI ruci thii| nauveM vartamAna jIvana meM vaha prIToriyA nagara kI eka chAtrA hai| vaha pichale janmoM ke bAre meM vistRta vivaraNa batAtI rhii| pratyeka janma meM usakI kalAruci akSuNNa rhii|' - isa bAlikA ke nau janmoM ke saMsmaraNoM se eka hI tathya parilakSita hotA hai ki manuSya ke vikAsa krama meM eka sAtatya hai, satat dhArAvAhikatA hai| vaha pichale janmoM ke saMskAroM (karmajanya kArmaNaparamANupudgaloM) ke sAtha nayA jIvana prArambha karatA hai| jIte-jI pUrvajanmoM kA jJAna evaM smaraNa prasiddha yogI zyAmAcaraNa lAhir3I ne jIte-jI apane pichale aneka janmoM ke dRzya pratyakSavat dekhe the| usa samaya san 1861 meM ve dAnApura keMTa (paTanA) meM ekAuMTeMTa the| acAnaka unheM tAra milA-rAnIkheta TrAMsaphara ke Adeza kaa| ve vahA~ se rAnIkheta phuNce| vahA~ Aphisa meM kAma karate samaya unake kAnoM meM bAra-bAra AvAja AI-nikaTavartI droNa parvata para pahu~cane kii| ve tIsare dina droNa parvata para phuNce| vahA~ eka adRzya ajanabI kI 1. akhaNDa jyoti pharavarI 1975, meM prakAzita lekha se sArAMza pR. 34-35 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) apane pAsa Ane ke lie AvAja aaii| ve prakAza puMja ke pAsa phuNce| eka yogIrAja eka guphA ke dvAra para khar3e muskraae| unhoMne zyAmAcaraNa ko sambodhita karake apane pAsa bulAne kA kAraNa btaayaa| phira zraddhAbhibhUta yogirAja ne lAhir3I ke mastaka para apanA dAhinA hAtha rkhaa| zIghra hI lAhir3I ke zarIra meM vidyuta-sI zakti aura prakAza bharane lage / tandrAe~ jAgRta ho utthiiN| mana kA andhakAra dUra hone lgaa| RtambharA prajJA jAga utthiiN| alaukika anubhUtiyA~ hone lgiiN| lAhir3I ne dekhA - "maiM pUrvajanma meM yogI thA, yaha sAdhu mere guru haiM, jo hajAroM varSa kI Ayu ho jAne para bhI zarIra ko apanI yoga-kriyAoM dvArA dhAraNa kiye hue haiN|" lAhir3I ko yAda AyA ki "pichale janma meM unhoMne yogAbhyAsa to kiyA, magara sukhopabhoga kI vAsanAe~ naSTa nahIM huiiN| phira avyakta dRzya bhI vyaktavat aura gahare hote cale gae, jinameM unake aneka janmoM kI smRtiyA~ sAkAra hotI calI ja rahI thii|" isa prakAra zrI lAhir3I ne apane pichale aneka janmoM ke dRzyoM raM lekara vahA~ pahu~cane taka kA sArA varNana calcitra kI bhAMti de liyA... . | "1 100 zrI lAhir3I dvArA aneka pUrvajanmoM kA pratyakSavat darzana AtmA aura karma ke cirakAlIna astitva ko siddha karatA hai| AtmA ke sAtha pravAharUpa se karma kA anAditva mAne binA pUrvajanma aura punarjanma kA siddhAnta ghaTita. ho hI nahIM sktaa| maharSi aravinda kI pradhAna sahayoginI zrI mAM jaba mIrA ricArDa ke rUpa meM phrAMsa meM bAlyAvasthA vyatIta kara rahI thIM, taba unheM pUrvajanmoM ke karmajanita saMskAroM ke phalasvarUpa divya darzana huA karate the| AcArya vinobA bhAve ne apane bAre meM kahA thA- "mujhe yaha bhAsa hotA hai ki maiM pUrvajanma meM baMgAlI yogI thA / " sAtha hI jina vastuoM ke prati jana-sAmAnya meM prabala AkarSaNa hotA hai, unake prati vinobA meM kadApi AkarSaNa nahIM huaa| ise bhI ve apane pichale janma kI kamAI mAnate the| " 2 niSkarSa yaha hai ki parAmanovaijJAnikoM dvArA prastuta pUrvajanma aura punarjanmoM kI smRti kI anekAneka ghaTanAe~ yaha siddha karatI haiM ki marane ke sAtha hI jIvana kA anta nahIM ho jAtA / eka janma yA aneka janmoM ke karmaphala agale eka yA aneka janmoM meM milane kI bAta bhI pramANita ho jAtI hai, AtmA kA svataMtra aura ananta astitva mAnane se / aura yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki sabhI punarjanmoM kA mUlAdhAra vyakti ke pUrvakRta karma hI haiN| 1. (ka) akhaNDa jyoti mArca 1972, ke lekha para se sArAMza pR. 52-53 (kha) oNTobAyogrAphI oNpha e yogI (svAmI yogAnanda) 2. akhaNDa jyoti, pharavarI 79, ke lekha para se sArAMza pR. 35-36 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pretAtmAoM kA sAkSAta aura samparka : punarjanma kA sAkSI 101 pretAtmAoM kA sAkSAt aura samparka : punarjanma kA sAkSI maraNottara jIvana ke do pratyakSa pramANa maraNottara jIvana ke do pramANa aise haiM, jinheM pratyakSarUpa meM dekhA, samajhA aura parakhA jA sakatA hai-(1) pUrvajanma kI smRtiyA~ aura (2) pretajIvana kA astitv| pUrva prakaraNa meM hamane pUrvajanma kI smRtiyoM kI aneka ghaTanAe~ prastuta karake ise pratyakSavat siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isa prakaraNa meM hama preta-jIvana ke astitva ko pratyakSavat siddha karane kA prayAsa kreNge| parAmanovaijJAnikoM dvArA paryApta anusandhAna .. parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne isa viSaya meM bhI paryApta anusandhAna kiye haiN| khAsa taura se pAzcAtya dezoM meM pretavidyAvizAradoM ne pUrvajanma kI Asakti, moha, ghRNA, dveSa Adi se baddhakarma-saMskAroM se agale janma meM prApta pretayoni kI sthiti ke viSaya meM zodha aura prayoga ke adbhuta kArya kiye haiN| sara oNlivara laoNja, sara viliyama vAreTa, ricarDa haDasana, miseja siDaphika, sara Arthara kAnana, e. pI. sineTa Adi parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne vibhinna pretoM se snehapUrvaka samparka sthApita karake gambhIra khojeM kI haiN| aisA karake unhoMne bhAratIya dharmoM aura darzanoM dvArA mAnya paralokavAda kI satyatA ko paripuSTa kiyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, AtmA tathA karma aura karmaphala ke pravAharUpa se anAdi astitva ko bhI pramANita kiyA hai| jaina darzana-sammata pretAtmA kA lakSaNa evaM svarUpa jaina darzana ke anusAra bhUta, preta, yakSa, rAkSasa Adi vyantara jAti ke deva mAne jAte haiN| manuSya ke rUpa meM rahate hue inakA kisI sthAna-vizeSa, vyakti-vizeSa yA vastu-vizeSa se prabala moha-mamatva, Asakti, mUrchA, 1 akhaNDajyoti, navambara 1976, meM prakAzita lekha : 'divya pretAtmA kI adRzya sahAyatA' se pR. 39 For Personal & Private Use Only

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102 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) lAlasA-AkAMkSA athavA prabala IrSyA, ghRNA, dveSa, vaira - virodha, droha, niyANA Adi hotA hai| aise hI vyakti vyantarajAti ke devoM meM se bhUta, preta, pitara, yakSa, rAkSasa Adi kisI bhI yoni meM apane pUrvakRta karmAnusAra marakara janma lete haiN| janma lene ke pazcAt bhI pUrvokta jIva apanI atRpta AkAMkSA ke karma-phalAnusAra pUrvokta vastu, vyakti yA sthAna vizeSa ke Asa-pAsa cakkara lagAte rahate haiM, yA vahIM apanA aDDA jamA kara baiThate haiN| ' vyantara jAti ke inhIM devoM ko pretAtmA, pitara, bhUta, yakSa, rAkSasa Adi vividha rUpoM meM sambandhita manuSyoM se punaH punaH samparka karate dekhA sunA jAtA hai| atRpta AkAMkSAoM kA udvega marane ke bAda bhI caina se baiThane nahIM detaa| ye vaikriya zarIradhArI hone se manacAhA rUpa banA sakate haiM, athavA ve adRzya rahakara apanI icchApUrti ke lie kisI dUsare ke mAdhyama se bolakara athavA dUsare ke zarIra meM praveza karake apanI upasthiti aura icchA vyakta karate rahate haiN| kucha logoM ke akAlamRtyu prApta pArivArika jana pitara bana jAte haiM yA pretayoni (vyantarajAti ke devoM) meM janma le lete haiN| aise pitara yA preta do prakAra ke hote haiN| jinake prati zraddhA yA pratIti hotI hai, athavA mana meM AdarabhAva hotA hai, yA jinake sAtha pUrvajanma meM mitratA, anurAga, yA prIti hotI hai, aise pitara to hitaiSI evaM sahAyaka hote haiN| dUsare aise pitara hote haiM, jinheM pArivArika janoM yA amuka parivAra yA vyakti se kaSTa pahu~cA hai, athavA unakI avajJA- anAdara yA upekSA huI hai, unase ve badalA lete haiM, unheM kaSTa pahu~cAte haiM, unake kAryoM meM vighna DAlate haiM, unako hAni pahu~cAte haiN| kaI logoM ko pretAtmA yA mRtAtmA pratyakSa bhI dikhAI dete haiM aura kaI adRzya rahakara kisI dUsare ke mu~ha se bolate haiN| jo samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra ke pUrNataH yA aMzataH ArAdhaka hote haiM, ve marakara yA to uccajAti ke samyagdRSTi deva banate haiM, yA phira sadbhAvanAzIla bhavanapati yA vyantarajAti ke samyagdRSTi deva banate haiN| ve dharmaniSTha logoM kI sahAyatA karate haiM, unakI parIkSA bhI karate haiM, unakI parIkSA meM uttIrNa hone para ve una dharmAtmAoM ke caraNoM meM natamastaka' hote 1 akhaNDa jyoti julAI 1977 meM 'atRpta AkAMkSAoM se pIr3ita bhUta-preta,' lekha se sArAMza pR. 27 2 (ka) vahI, julAI 1977 ke lekha se pR. 27 (kha) saMlekhanAvrata ke 5 aticAroM se tulanA kareM - " jIvita- maraNAzaMsAsukhAnubandha-mitrAnurAga-nidAna karaNAni / " - tattvArtha sUtra a. 7, sUtra 32 3 dekhiye : rAjapraznIya sUtra meM sUryAbhadeva kA prakaraNa, upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM culanI - pitA va kAmadeva zrAvaka kI deva dvArA parIkSA kA prakaraNa 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pretAtmAoM kA sAkSAta aura samparka : punarjanma kA sAkSI 103 haiN| aise devoM ke kisI ko pratibodha dene, dharmakArya meM sahAyaka hone Adi ke rUpa meM martyaloka meM Ane ke kaI zAstrIya, aitihAsika evaM Adhunika pramANa bhI milate haiN| pretAtmA dvArA vaira-virodha kA pratizodha pUrvajanma meM jinake sAtha kisI prakAra kA anyAya-atyAcAra kiyA thA, yA jina nirdoSa vyaktiyoM ko yAtanA dI gaI thI, unhoMne agale janma meM preta banakara usakA badalA liyA hai| jApAna kI janazrutiyoM meM satrahavIM zatAbdI meM eka mahApreta 'sogoro' kI agale janma meM preta banakara badalA lene kI ghaTanA prasiddha hai| una dinoM sAmantI jAgIroM meM baMTe hue jApAna ke zimosA prAnta ke sAkUrA gar3ha kA sAmanta 'kotsuke' bar3A atyAcArI thaa| eka bAra 48 varSIya sogoro ke netRtva meM 136 gA~voM ke kisAnoM ne apane para atyAcAra kI kaSTa kathA likhakara ukta jAgIradAra taka pahu~cAne kI ceSTA kii| lekina ve isa prayatna meM saphala nahIM hue| na to jAgIradAra unase milA, na hI arjI para gaura kiyA / kintu sogoro anta taka apane nizcaya para DaTA rhaa| usane sAmanta kA rAstA roka kara arjI usake hAtha meM thamA dii| phalataH usane kruddha hokara sogoro ko rASTradroha ke aparAdha meM samasta parivAra sahita mRtyu daNDa de diyaa| unakI lAzeM daphanA dI gii| parantu usI dina se vAtAvaraNa damaghoMTU aura bhayAvaha bana gyaa| sogoro kA preta badalA lene ke liye rAjaparivAra ke * pIche burI taraha par3A rhaa| anta meM kisI na kisI prakAra se jAgIradAra . 'kotsuke' aura usake parivAra ko mRtyu kA grAsa bananA pdd'aa| pretAtmAoM dvArA badalA lene ke vibhinna tarIke * kembrija vizvavidyAlaya meM pretAtmAoM sambandhI zodhakArya karane ke lie eka vizeSa vibhAga hI khulA huA hai| amerikA meM 'sAikika risarca phAuMDezana' nAmaka saMsthA dvArA aneka vaijJAnikoM aura buddhijIviyoM dvArA isa 'sambandha meM suniyojita rUpa se zodha kArya cala rahA hai| kaI pretAtmAe~ badalA lene ke lie ukta ghaTanA aura vastu kI bhI punarAvRtti karatI haiN| briTiza parAmanovaijJAnika je. barnarDa haTana ne aisI ghaTanAoM para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai- apanI pustaka 'da adara sAiDa oNpha di rIeliTI' meN| " 1 akhaNDa jyoti maI 1974 meM 'usane preta banakara badalA liyA' lekha se pR. 33 2 (ka) akhaNDa jyoti, julAI 1977 meM prakAzita lekha se pR. 27 (kha) vahI, maI 1976 se pR. 13 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma - vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) - koI tIsa varSa pUrva iMglaiNDa meM porTsa sAutha roDa izara kasbe ke pAsa jo bhI moTara gujaratI, use baMdUka kI golI isa taraha lagatI ki zIze, chata yA daravAje para eka iMca kA sApha sIdhA golAkAra chidra ho jaataa| pulisa-dala yA skaoNTalaiNDa yArDa kA vaijJAnikadala isa apratyAzita ghaTanA kA surAga nahIM pA skaa| anta meM, parokSa jIvana (punarjanma) aura adRzya jagat para vizvAsa karane vAle parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne isa ghaTanA kI gaharAI se chAnabIna kI to patA lagA ki pahale yaha 'kleyara mAuMTa sTeTa' eka jAgIradAra aura moTara mAlika 'DyUka oNpha nyu kauMsila' ke pAsa thI / usane 'viliya kenTa' nAmaka ThekedAra se eka jhIla taiyAra krvaaii| taiyAra hone para 'DyUka' ne usakA paisA dabA liyA aura use mArakara usI jhIla meM phiMkavA diyaa| vahI kSubdha AtmA (pretAtmA) zAyada 'DyUka' moTara mAlika ke prati tathA sAtha hI moTaroM ke prati bhI ghRNA aura Akroza pUrvaka usa vaira kA badalA le rahA ho| " 104 pretAtmA (yakSa, rAkSasa, bhUta, preta Adi) banakara isa prakAra pUrvajanma meM svayaM ko duHkhI karane vAle se ukta vaira kA pratizodha lene kI ghaTanAe~ vividha jaina kathAoM, vaidika purANoM Adi meM AtI haiN| dvArikA nagarI ke yAdavakumAroM dvArA dvaipAyana RSi ko cher3ane, unheM patthara mArakara niSprANa karane se agale janma meM agnikumAra (bhavanapati) deva banakara dvArikAnagarI ko bhasma karane ke rUpa meM vaira kA badalA lene kI ghaTanA prasiddha hai| 2 ye sabhI ghaTanAe~ AtmA aura karma ke astitva tathA pUrvajanma- punarjanma kI sattA ko siddha karatI haiN| tIsa vyaktiyoM kI sAkSIpUrvaka pretAtmA ke astitva kA pratyakSIkaraNa aThArahavIM sadI ke antima caraNa se unnIsavIM sadI ke prArambha taka kriyAzIla pAdarI 'ebrAhama kyumiMgja' ne 1826 meM eka kitAba chapAI, jisakA nAma hai "immorTiliTI prUvDa bAi da TaisTImanI oNpha saaiNs"| 77 peja kI isa pustaka meM eka kaptAna baTalara kI mRta - patnI kI preta chAyA ke bAre meM vivaraNa chapA hai / pAdarI kyumiMgja ne isa pustaka meM apane hastAkSara sahita 30 vyaktiyoM kI zapatha pUrvaka kI gaI ghoSaNA bhI chApI hai, jinhoMne ukta mRtAtmA ko kaI bAra dekhA va sunA thA / ' 1 akhaNDa jyoti maI 1974 meM prakAzita lekha se, pR. 33 2 dekhiye - antakRddazA sUtra kA dvArikAdahanaprakaraNa 3 akhaMDajyoti, apraila 1977 meM prakAzita "atRpta AkAMkSAoM se pIr3ita bhUta-preta " pR. 28 se 6 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pretAtmAoM kA sAkSAta aura samparka : punarjanma kA sAkSI 105 preta ne pratyakSa parcA dekara apanI upasthiti pramANita kI amerikA ke kailiphorniyA zahara ke iNDAbarI mohalle meM eka bhutahA makAna thaa| vahA~ eka bAra cAra sAhasI chAtroM ne bhUta-pretoM kI mAnyatA ko nirI bhrAnti samajha kara kirAye para le liyA / eka dina sahasA AMgana meM kursiyoM para baiThe-baiThe unhoMne pAyA ki unakI kursiyA~ sAta-ATha phITa kI u~cAI para ur3akara sthira ho rahI haiN| phira eka rAta sahasA patthara barasane lge| khoja-bIna karane para mAlUma huA ki 4-5 varSa pUrva vahA~ eka DaoNkTara Atma-hatyA kara cukA hai| usI pretAtmA kA yaha karizmA hai| chAtroM ko vaha makAna chor3anA pdd'aa| ' 'navanIta' (hindI DAijesTa - sitambara 1969) meM pretAtmA kI eka ghaTanA chapI thI- amerikA ke 'rojenahIma eDavokeTa' ke ghara meM sahasA TelIphona kI ghaMTiyA~ TanaTanA utthtiiN| binA svica dabAe TyUba lAiTa jala uThatIM / balba jala kara phaTa jaate| TelIphona uThAne para goliyoM kI bauchAra sunAI pdd'tii| lagAtAra chAna-bIna ke bAda parAmanovaijJAnika 'pro. hAnsa boMDara' ne mAmale kI jAMca kI aura pAyA ki kisI na kisI bhUta-preta kI yaha karAmAta hai, jo pUrvajanma meM isa makAna se sambaddha rahA hai| ? dharmayuga ke 1 disambara 1963 ke aMka meM zrI dAmodara agravAla ne bhI aisI ApabItI prakAzita karAI hai| unake ghara meM saphAI ke bAvajUda durgandha AtI, alamArI meM tAle meM baMda pUriyA~ rAta ko gAyaba ho jAne, dhule bartana subaha jUThe milane, AMgana meM rakhe laDDuoM kI jagaha gIlI miTTI baca rahane, miThAiyoM ke rAtabhara meM sar3a jAne, rasoIghara meM ajanabI paMjoM ke nizAna aMkita hone tathA dIvAroM Adi para uMgaliyoM ke cihna dikhane tathA dUdha kA bharA gilAsa palabhara meM gAyaba hone kI ghaTanAe~ ghaTatI thiiN| ' haoNlIvuDa kI philma abhinetrI 'kima manovAka' ne iMglaiNDa meM apanI AuTaDora zUTiMga ke lie 'kaiMTarabarI' ke eka prAcIna kile - 'cilahama kaisala' kA sthAna cunaa| "kima" eka dina saMgIta kA kAryakrama TelIvijana para dekha-suna rahI thI, ki acAnaka usake paira saMgIta kI laharoM ke sAtha nRtya karane lge| use aisA lagA mAno kisI adRzya hAthoM ne jabarana use pakar3a liyA hai, aura na cAhate hue bhI nRtya karavA rahI hai| kima ghabarA kara behoza hokara gira par3I / hoza meM Ane para dekhA to vahA~ koI nahIM dikhAI diyaa| 1 akhaNDa jyoti julAI 77 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 29 2 vahI, julAI 1977 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 29 3. vahI, julAI 1977 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 29 For Personal & Private Use Only

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106 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) 'kima' ne isakA jikra apane sAthI abhinetA 'ricArDa jAnasana' se kiyA to usane kahA ki yaha terahavIM sadI ke prasiddha rAjA 'kiMga jAna' kI pretAtmA hai| 11 akTUbara 1216 ko 'rAjA jAna' apane duzmanoM ke caMgula se bhAga kara zaraNa lene isI kile meM rukA thaa| dUsare dina eka khAI ko pAra karate samaya naukA durghaTanA meM usakI mRtyu ho gaI thii| usakI Asakti pichale sADhe sAta sau varSoM se isa kile ke sAtha banI huI hai| isakI pratIti isa kile meM rahane vAloM ko hotI rahatI hai|' ye aura isa prakAra kI ghaTanAe~ pretAtmAoM tathA punarjanma (maraNottara jIvana) ke sAtha hI karmakRta phala ke astitva kI sUcaka haiN| mRtyu ke bAda bhI jIvAtmA kI atRpta AkAMkSAe~ tathA vAsanAe~ karmajanya saMskAroM ke rUpa meM banI rahatI haiN| unakI pUrti ke lie vaha karmavazAt vyantara devoM kI jAtipretayoni meM janma letA hai| usakI yaha Asakti dveSamUlaka hI nahIM hotI, premamUlaka bhI hotI hai| pretAtmAoM dvArA priyapAtra ko adRzya rUpa se sahAyatA . kabhI-kabhI yaha Asakti itanI gaharI hotI hai ki pretAtmA apane priyapAtra ko adRzya rUpa se sahAyatA bhI detI hai| san 1961 ke jUna mAsa kI ghaTanA hai| sTrAmabarga kA 'jema kelaghana' zarAba ke naze meM dhuta hokara rAtri ke gahana aMdhere meM calA jA rahA thA ki ekAeka pIche se AvAja AI "ruko kelaghana !" usane pIche mur3akara dekhA to kahIM koI dikhAI na diyaa| aba bhI AvAja gUMja rahI thii| phira use AvAja sunAI dI- 'beTA' / sahasA isa AvAja ko sunakara use apanI mAM kA dhyAna AyA, jo 27 varSa pUrva mara cukI thii| socane lagA-"kyA yaha usakI mAM kI pretAtmA hai ?" isa para punaH adRzya AvAja aaii-"bettaa| tumheM ina (madyapAna Adi) kukRtyoM ko chor3a denA caahie| tuma nahIM jAnate ki mujhe kitanA kaSTa uThAnA par3a rahA hai| jaba taka tuma apane duSkRtyoM ko nahIM chor3oge, mujhe zAnti nahIM milegii|" mA~ kI ina bAtoM ko sunakara 'kelaghana' kA dila dahala gyaa| usane tatkAla mana meM saMkalpa liyA-"Aja se maiM kabhI zarAba nahIM pIU~gA, tathA apane AcaraNa ko zreSTha bnaauuNgaa|" phira kelaghana ne usa adRzya pretAtmA se kahA-'yadi tuma merI mAM ho to apane hAthoM se mujhe chUkara pratIti kraao|' itanA kahate hI 'mA' kI pretAtmA ne apanA hAtha kelaghana kI kamIja kI bAMha para rakha diyaa| mAM ke hAtha kA cinha kamIja kI bAMha para ubhara AyA, jo Aja bhI laMdana ke parageTarI myUjiyama (hAusa oNpha zaiDoja) meM surakSita hai| 1 akhaNDa jyoti julAI 1979 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 5 2 akhaNDajyoti ke julAI 1979 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 6 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pretAtmAoM kA sAkSAta aura samparka : punarjanma kA sAkSI 107 jIvazAstrI 'kairiMgTana' pahale maraNottara jIvana ko kAlpanika mAnatA thA, kintu eka ghaTanA ne pretAtmA aura punarjanma ke astitva meM usakA vizvAsa dRr3ha kara diyaa| vaha likhatA hai - eka dina jaba maiM apanI prayogazAlA se lauTa rahA thA to ekAeka mujhe merA mRta mitra 'iliyaTa' sAmane se AtA huA dikhAI diyA, maiMne socA ki kahIM mujhe bhrama to nahIM ho gayA hai ? mere mitra ko mare 3 mAha ho cuke haiN| maiM usakI zavayAtrA meM svayaM rahA hU~, inhIM A~khoM se usako daphana hotA dekhA hai| phira iliyaTa punaH yahA~ kaise A gayA ? tabhI kSINa - sI AvAja sunAI dI - "mitra ! merI patnI Arthika taMgI kA jIvana jI rahI hai| maiMne usake lie eka lAkha DAlara jor3akara amuka tahakhAne meM rakhe haiN| jisakI cAbhI gupta rUpa se amuka sthAna para rakhI hai| Apa use cupacApa vaha batA deN| Apa se adhika vizvAsapAtra aura koI nahIM hai| isIlie yaha bAta Apa taka pahu~cA rahA huuN|" maiMne usakI kahI huI bAta kI satyatA kA anubhava kiyA, usakI AvAja sunI, rUpa dekhA, sparza bhI kiyaa| ina tathyoM para se maraNottara jIvana kI satyatA meM mujhe koI sandeha yA bhrama nahIM rahA / ' pretAtmA dvArA apanI upasthiti kA cinha d 'zrImatI 'elisa vaila' ne apane pati sva. kaineDI kA san 1968 meM maraNoparAnta jaisA ceharA dekhA thA, vaisA hI hUbahU citra, eka dina pahale kharIde hue naye belace para ubharA huA dekhaa| jahA~ kaineDI kA bimba ubharA thA, vahA~ chUkara dekhA to vaha bhAga garma thA / Azcaryacakita elisa vaila ne parAmanovaijJAnika 'DaoN. TimorI vela jonsa' se parAmarza kiyA to usane bhI hash kI pretAtmA ke rUpa meM upasthiti kA svIkAra kiyA / belace kA garma honA bhI isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki kaineDI kI pretAtmA hI dravita hokara isa citra meM upasthita hai| ' adRzya sattA dvArA mArgadarzana evaM sahayoga adRzya sattA dvArA mArgadarzana kI, bhaviSya kI durghaTanA se sAvadhAna karane kI, tathA sahAyatA karane kI deza- videza kI tathA atIta aura vartamAna kI kaI saccI ghaTanAe~ milatI haiM, jo pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke tathA karma aura karmaphala ke astitva ko siddha karatI haiN| jisase sambaddha vyakti aniSTa se bacane aura abhISTa ko prApta karane meM samartha hote haiN| 1 akhaNDa jyoti, mArca 1978 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 4 2. akhaNDajyoti, julAI 1979 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 7 For Personal & Private Use Only

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108 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) mahArAnI vikToriyA ke pati priMsa alabarTa mRtyu ke uparAnta bhI priya patnI se samparka banAye rahe aura samaya-samaya para bahumUlya sujhAva dete rhe| . .. nepoliyana jaba seMTa helenA meM nirvAsita jIvana bitA rahA thA, to usakI mRta patnI josephAina kI AtmA ne use usakI mRtyu kI pUrva-sUcanA dI thii| prakhyAta upanyAsakAra rAjA rAdhikAramaNa siMha riyAsatoM-rajavAr3oM kI samApti ke bAda dhanAbhAva se pIr3ita the| unakI putrI vivAha-yogya ho : gaI thii| unakI divaMgata mAtA ne unheM mIDiyama dvArA jAnakArI dI ki ratna-AbhUSaNa Adi mahala kI dakSiNI dIvAra meM gozAlA ke chappara ke pAsa gar3e hue haiN| rAjA sAhaba ne nirdiSTa sthAna para khodakara dhana nikAlA aura cintAmukta hue| phrAMsa ke samrATa henarI caturtha eka dina sandhyA samaya ghUma rahe the, tabhI eka chAyA jaisI AkRti una para maMDarAne lgii| henarI ne ghabarA kara usase pUchA-'tuma kauna ho ?' usa AkRti ne kahA-"maiM pretAtmA hU~ aura yaha batAne AyA hU~ ki tumhArI mRtyu zIghra hI eka SaDyaMtra ke dvArA hone vAlI hai| cAho to surakSA-vyavasthA kara lo|" parantu henarI ke darabAriyoM ne ise sunA to ve divAsvapna kahakara haMsane lge| kintu kucha hI dinoM bAda pretAtmA ke saMketAnusAra henarI kI hatyA ho gii| 'di holDsa' ke sampAdaka 'morisa bAravAnila' kA kathana hai-isa dRzya vizva se pare bhI eka vilakSaNa vizva hai, jahA~ mRtyu ke uparAnta jIvana hai|"2 pretAtmA dvArA bhAvI ghaTanA ke saMketa prasiddha rAjanItijJa kanhaiyAlAla mANakalAla muMzI bhAratIya patrikA, 'bhavansa jarnala' Adi meM pitaroM se prApta sahayogoM kI carcA karate rahate the| eka bAra unhoMne likhA ki bIjApura jela meM unheM usa koTharI meM rakhA gayA, jahA~ pahale phAMsI lagA karatI thii| vahA~ eka mRtAtmA ne, jise vahIM phAMsI lagAI gaI thI, unheM sUcanA dI-"Apa zIghra hI jela se mukta hone vAle haiM, kintu jaldI hI dubArA jela meM bheje jaaeNge|" vahI huaa| samrAT eDavarDa saptama kI patnI 'mahArAnI elekjeNDrA' pitaroM se samparka karatI rahatI thii| eka bAra eka pitara 'semAnsa' ne unheM sUcita kiyA 1 akhaNDa jyoti, navambara 76 pR. 38 2 vahI, navambara 76 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 39 3 akhaNDa jyoti mArca 1979 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se, pR. 35 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pretAtmAoM kA sAkSAta aura samparka : punarjanma kA sAkSI 109 ki tumhAre pati kA kucha dinoM ke pazcAt hI 'kobe' meM dehAnta ho jaaegaa| mahArAnI dUsare hI dina 'kobe pahu~cI to vahA~ samrATa rogazayyA para mUrcchita the| mahArAnI ke pahu~cate hI unhoMne A~kheM kholI aura phira sadA ke lie A~kheM mUMda liiN|' hindU dharma meM pitaroM ko mAnane, pUjane aura samaya-samaya para unake lie kucha dAna dene kA bahuta rivAja hai| vastutaH jinameM pitaroM ke prati kRtajJatA, zraddhA aura sadbhAvanA hotI hai, unheM hI ve sahayoga pradAna karate haiN| ve saMkaToM kI pUrva sUcanA dete haiM, Asanna khataroM se bacane kA upAya batAte haiM, tathA unnati-avanati kA pUrva-jJAna bhI karA dete haiN| yaha jarUra hai ki jinake puNyakarma prabala hote haiM, unako ve sahAyatA dene meM nimitta banate haiN| unheM pathanirdeza, bahumUlya sujhAva evaM satkArya ke lie protsAhana bhI unase prApta hotA hai| preta ke mAdhyama se aneko avijJAta jAnakAriyA~ prApta sara olivara laoNja ne AtmA, karma, punarjanma Adi ke astitva ko Avazyaka anveSaNapakSa mAnakara 'sAikika risarca sosAiTI' kI sthApanA kii| apanI zodha dRSTi kA samucita prayoga karake unhoMne na kevala AtmA aura karma ke astitva tathA maraNottara jIvana kI yathArthatA svIkAra kI, varan pretAtmAoM kA sAkSAt karane tathA unase samparka karane meM saphalatA prApta kara lI thii| unakA putra 'remaNDa' prathama vizvayuddha meM mArA gayA thaa| usakI mRtAtmA se samparka karane aura usake mAdhyama se anekoM avijJAta jAnakAriyA~ prApta karane meM ve saphala hue, jinheM jAMcane-parakhane para pUrNatayA satya siddha huii| pretAtmA.kA svIkAra : Thosa pramANoM ke AdhAra para - unake samakAlIna sara viliyama kruksa ne bhI pretAtmA sambandhI apane anveSaNoM kA vivaraNa 'risarca iMneTa phenophinam oNpha spricyuelijma' meM prakAzita kiyA hai| isI taraha DaoN e. rasala vAlesa aura sara viliyama vaireTa Adi ne bhI AtmA kA svatantra astitva kinhIM kiMvadantiyoM yA pUrvapracalita mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para nahIM, varan upalabdha Thosa pramANoM ke AdhAra para svIkAra kiyA hai| 1 akhaNDa jyoti mArca 1979 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 34 2 vahI, mArca 1979 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 33 3 vahI, mArca 1976 pR. 13 For Personal & Private Use Only

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110 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) pretAtmAoM kA aDDA : amerikA kA rASTrapati bhavana amerikA ke rASTrapati bhavana meM samaya-samaya para ebrAhima liMkana, rASTrapati jaiksana Adi pichale kaI rASTrapatiyoM tathA unakI patniyoM kI pretAtmAe~ DerA DAle par3I rahatI haiN| ve apane sambandhita vyaktiyoM ko sahAyatA dene, paristhitiyoM ko saMbhAlane tathA apanI priya vastuoM kI surakSA karane ke lie bAra-bAra apane astitva kA paricaya detI rahatI haiN| rASTrapati meDIsana kI mRta-patnI apane hAtha se lagAye hue gulAba ke paudhoM ke.. rakha-rakhAva ke bAre meM mAliyoM ko kaI taraha ke parAmarza detI thii| rASTrapati TrUmaina ko liMkana kA preta dikhAI detA thaa|' jArja lethama dvArA AtmA aura punarjanma ke Thosa pramANa vizvavikhyAta 'lAiTa' patrikA ke sampAdaka 'jArja lethama' ne apanI lekhamAlA- 'maiM paralokavAdI kyoM hU~ ?' zIrSaka se kaI patroM meM prakAzita karAI thii| unakA putra 'jaoNna' phailaDarsa ke morce para mahAyuddha meM mArA gayA thaa| topa ke gole se usakA zarIra Tukar3e-Tukar3e ho gayA thaa| para usakI AtmA ne punarjanma prApta karake apane pUrvajanma ke pitA se satata samparka banAye rkhaa| lethama ne likhA- "mere lie merA putra svargIya jaoNna abhI bhI jIvita kI taraha satata sandeza kA AdAna-pradAna karatA hai|" unhoMne AtmA aura punarjanma kI apanI isa mAnyatA ko bhrAnti yA bhAvAveza samajhane vAle logoM kI zaMkAoM kA khaNDana karake aise Thosa pramANa prastuta kiye haiM, jinake AdhAra para maraNottara jIvana para sandeha karane vAloM ko isa sandarbha meM prAmANika jAnakAriyA~ tathA tathya taka pahu~cane meM sahAyatA mila skegii|"2 mRtAtmAoM se vArtAlApa evaM samparka kisI mAdhyama dvArA Ajakala eka prayoga mRta-AtmAoM kA AhvAna karane aura unase unakI zaMkAoM evaM samasyAoM kA samAdhAna karAne meM mAdhyama banane kA bhI huA hai| unake mAdhyama se dUsare vyakti apane sambandhI mRta-AtmAoM se bAtacIta karate haiN| ina prayogoM ke parIkSaNa karane para jJAta huA ki ve niSkarSa prAyaH yathArtha nikalate haiN| svIDana ke aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke zarIrazAstra, arthazAstra evaM khagola vidyA ke mAne hue vidvAna 'emenuala' ne paraloka vidyA para gaharI khoja kI 1 akhaNDa jyoti akTUbara 1975 meM prakAzita 'sneha aura sahayoga bharI pitara AtmAe~' se sAra saMkSepa pR. 22 2 vahI, navambara 76 pR. 35 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pretAtmAoM kA sAkSAta aura samparka : punarjanma kA sAkSI 111 aura aneka pretAtmAoM se AtmIyatApUrNa sneha samparka sthApita karane meM saphalatA prApta kii| eka bAra haoNlaiNDa ke mRta rAjadUta kI vidhavA patnI pati ke dvArA kahIM rakhe hue dastAvejoM ke sambandha meM jAnakArI prApta karane ke lie unake pAsa aaii| 'emenuala' ne ukta mRtAtmA kA AhvAna karake usase pUchakara vaha sthAna batA diyA, jahA~ ve mahatvapUrNa dastAveja rakhe hue the| maiDama blaiveTaskI dvArA pretAtmAoM se samparka sthApita thiyosophikala sosAiTI kI janmadAtrI maiDama blaiveTaskI ko bacapana se hI divya AtmAoM kA sAnnidhya prApta hone lagA thaa| ve sahasA aisI tathyapUrNa bAteM kaha baiThatI thIM, jinheM kaha pAnA vizeSajJoM ke lie hI sambhava thaa| parantu bAda meM jaba pretAtmAoM ke sAtha pratyakSa samparka ke pramANa dekhane ko mile, to parivAra aura samAja vAloM ko unakI vizeSatA evaM satyatA svIkAra karanI pdd'ii| maiDama blaiveTaskI ke kathanAnusAra unakI maMDalI meM sAta sahayogI preta the, jo samaya-samaya para unheM upayogI parAmarza aura mukta mana se sahayoga dete the| unhoMne aneka vyaktiyoM kI mRta-AtmAoM kA AhvAna karake unake mAdhyama se unakI samasyAoM ko hala kiyA thaa| chaha pretoM ke sahayoga se Arthara dhanika, kavi, lekhaka evaM vidvAna amerikA ke kansAsa siTI kA eka nirdhana vyakti thA-'Arthara eDavarDa sttilbail'| usane apanI jiMdagI 40 DAlara pratimAsa kulIgIrI kI naukarI se prArambha kii| kintu pUrvajanma ke zubhakarmodaya se 15 varSa kI Ayu meM usake sAtha chaha pretoM kI maNDalI jur3a gaI, jo jIvana bhara usakA sAtha detI rhii| una 6 pretoM meM tIna iMjIniyara, eka lekhaka, eka kavi aura eka arthavizeSajJa thaa| unake sAtha anAyAsa hI usakI maitrI ho gii| unake mArgadarzana se vaha uccakoTi kA dhanavAna, vidvAna, lekhaka aura kavi bana gayA, jabaki usake pAsa na to jJAna thA, na anubhava aura na hI saadhn| phira bhI sabhI yojanAoM meM vaha Azcaryajanaka rUpa se saphala hotA gyaa| presa ke mAdhyama se sukarAta dvArA sahasro vyaktiyoM ko mArgadarzana / sukarAta ko eka hitaiSI preta-AtmA (Demana) kI sahAyatA se atIndriya darzana kI tathA AdhyAtmika mArgadarzana dene kI kSamatA prApta huii| vaha preta unheM adRzyarUpa se AjIvana viziSTa masaloM ke sambandha meM 2akhaNDa jyoti, navambara 76 pR. 35 akhaNDajyoti navambara 1976 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 35 vahI navambara 76 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 35 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma - vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) jAnakArI evaM mArgadarzana detA rahatA thaa| isake mAdhyama se sukarAta ne sahasroM vyaktiyoM ko sahI mArgadarzana diyA aura Atma-kalyANa ke patha para ArUr3ha kiyaa|' 112 jArja barnArDa zaoN kI patnI 'peTrIziyA' apane mRta pati se ekAnta meM bAteM karatI aura unakI (barnI kI) preraNA se vaha sAhitya likhA karatI thii| 'jaoNna oNpha Arka' ne batAyA ki use viziSTa kArya karane kI zakti aura preraNA kisI adRzya pretAtmA se milatI hai| sAhitya sRjana : pretAtmA ke sahayoga se isI prakAra iMglaiNDa ke suprasiddha lekhaka 'toela kovarDa' ne apanI racanA 'di blithe spiriTa' ko, amerikA kI zrImatI rUthaM mAMTagumarI ne apane grantha 'e varlDa biyoMDa' ko aura zrImatI jaoNna kUpara ne 'TelkA' Adi vividha upanyAsa kisI na kisI divya adRzya AtmA ke mArgadarzana aura sahayoga se likhA hai| 3 cArlsa Dikensa apane prasiddha upanyAsa misTrI oNpha eDavinahuDa' ke 20 adhyAya likha kara hI cala base the| do varSa bAda unakI mRta AtmA ne 'thaoNmasa jemsa' ko mAdhyama banAkara zeSa kArya svayaM likhavA kara pUrNa kiyaa|*. 'eDaveMcarsa oNpha spiricyuelijma' ke lekhaka bambaIvAsI posTana jI. DI. mahAlakSmIvAlA ne 3 sitambara 1925 ko eka prasiddha paraloka vidyAvid amerikI DaoN. pI. valsa kI mRtAtmA kA AvhAna kiyA eka sapheda kAgaja rkhkr| mRtAtmA ne usa kore kAgaja para apane hastAkSara kiye, jo DaoN. pI. valsa ke jIvita avasthA meM kiye gae hastAkSaroM se bilakula milate-julate the 19 jaja dvArA paraloka vidyA kA adhyayana aura tathyodghATana pro. bI. DI. RSi indaura meM jaja the| unakI dharmapatnI subhadrAdevI kI mRtyu ne unameM mRtapatnI se vArtAlApa kI icchA jgaaii| phira ve isI khoja meM laga gye| ve saphala hue| phira unhoMne apanA pUrA jIvana paraloka vidyA ke adhyayana meM lagA diyaa| unhoMne kaI mRtAtmAoM ko bulAkara atyanta 1 akhaNDa jyoti navambara 1976 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 37 2 vahI, pR. 37 3 akhaNDajyoti navambara 76 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 36 4 vahI, pR. 36 5 vahI, navambara 76, meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 39 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pretAtmAoM kA sAkSAta aura samparka : punarjanma kA sAkSI 113 mahatvapUrNa vyaktiyoM ke samakSa vibhinna pramANoM sahita vArtAlApa kiyAkarAyA thaa| mRtAtmAe~ aise tathya bhI udghaTita karatIM, jo nitAnta nijI hote| paralokavAda para viziSTa adhyayana briTena ke sammAnita nAgarika 'sara Arthara kAnana DAyala' ne apane sva. putra Denisa kI mRtAtmA se samparka karake pretaloka ke bAre meM bahuta-sI jAnakArI ekatrita kI thI aura usase janasAdhAraNa ko paricita karAyA thaa| "vijJAna aura mAnava-vikAsa" tathA 'maiM AtmA ke amaratva meM kyoM vizvAsa karatA hU~ ?" nAmaka pustakoM meM maraNottara jIvana para vistRta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| matAtmAoM ke AhvAna kA abhinava prayoga __prasiddha patrakAra evaM zikSAzAstrI paM. zrInArAyaNa caturvedI ke pitA sva. paM. dvArikA prasAda caturvedI bhI mRtAtmAe~ bulAne ke prayoga karate the| eka meja para ve paMcapAtra aura eka camacI rakha dete the| mRtAtmA ke Ate hI paMcapAtra svayaM baja uThatA thaa| pretAtmA ne svayaM upasthita hokara adAlata meM sAkSI dI __17vIM zatAbdI ke pAdarI 'jerensI Telara' ne apanI saMsmaraNa pustikA meM pretAtmA-sambandhI A~khoM dekhA varNana kiyA hai| eka bAra pAdarI 'belaphAsTa' se 'Dilsa geTo' ghor3e para savAra hokara jA rahe the| acAnaka eka vyakti usake pIche ghor3e para baiTha gyaa| usane apanA nAma 'haiDaka jemsa' batAte hue kahA-"Apa merI patnI taka sandeza pahu~cA deM ki usakA nayA pati zIghra hI usakI hatyA karane vAlA hai|" pAdarI ne ukta mahilA ko yaha sandeza diyA to use vizvAsa hI na huaa| kintu kucha dinoM bAda ukta mahilA kI hatyA kara dI gii| yaha mukaddamA 'kairika phoreMsa' ke nyAyAlaya meM claa| pulisa ko usake naye pati para hatyA kI zaMkA thI jisakI sAkSI pAdarI 'jerensI Telara' ne pretAtmA ke zabdoM meM dI thii| kintu majisTreTa ne yaha sAkSI amAnya karate hue kahA-"yadi yaha satya hai to pretAtmA svayaM Akara isakI sAkSI de|" isa para ekadama bijalI kar3akI aura eka hAtha niklaa| 1 akhaNDa jyoti, navambara 1976 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 39 2 vahI mArca 1979 se pR. 33 3. akhaNDajyoti navambara 76 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 40 For Personal & Private Use Only

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114 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) usane adAlata kI meja para tIna bAra jora-jora se thapakI dii| isa para nyAyAdhIza ne ukta mahilA ke naye pati 'DevIja' ko aparAdhI ghoSita kara ucita daNDa diyaa| pretAtmA adhikArI vyakti ke mAdhyama se hI abhivyakta hotI hai . mahArAnI vikToriyA Ara. DI. lIja aura jArja brAUna kI sahAyatA se apane mRta pati prinsa elabarTa kI AtmA se parAmarza aura sahayoga letI thii| kyoMki adhikAMza pretAtmA adhikArI vyakti ke mAdhyama se hI abhivyakta hotI hai| yadi ucita mAdhyama se samparka sthApita kiyA jA sake to maraNoparAnta bhI kaI pretAtmAe~ ucita parAmarza, sahayoga aura sAnnidhyA dene meM AnAkAnI nahIM krtii| ... skATalaiNDa ke rAjA 'jemsa caturtha' ko, unhIM kA eka pUrvaja, jo pretayoni (vyantara devayoni) meM thA, bAra-bAra darzana detA thaa| iMglaiMDa para AkramaNa karate samaya jemsa caturtha ko usa preta ne raktapAta na karane kI cetAvanI dI thI, magara jemsa ne use sunI-anasunI kara dii| eka bAra vaha punaH jaba yuddha ke lie calA to ukta preta ne manA karate hue kahA- "isa yuddha se tuma jIvita na raha skoge|" parantu jemsa mAnA nahIM, vaha isa yuddha meM mArA gyaa| pleMceTa ke mAdhyama se pretAtmAoM kA AhvAna . isI prakAra vartamAna yuga meM mRtAtmAoM kA AhvAna karane kI pleMceTa paddhati bhI pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ko siddha karatI hai| pleMceTa ke mAdhyama se mRtAtmAoM kA AhvAna kiyA jAtA hai, unake sAtha samparka sAdhA jAtA hai aura kucha prazna bhI pUche jAte haiN| unake uttara itane sahI aura prAmANika nikalate haiM ki unakI yathArthatA, pUrvajanma kI satyatA aura AtmA kI sattA se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| phoTo dvArA sUkSma zarIra kA astitva siddha vartamAna yuga meM sUkSma zarIra ke phoTo lene ke prayoga bhI prAraMbha hue hai| prasiddha vaijJAnika 'kiraliyAna' dampati ne eka viziSTa prakAra kI phoTo. paddhati AviSkRta kI hai, usake dvArA ve sUkSma zarIra ke phoTo le lete haiN| isa 1 akhaNDa jyoti, navambara 1976 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 38 2 vahI, navambara 1976 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 38 / 3 vahI, navambara 76, meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 38 4 'ghaTa ghaTa dIpa jale' meM prakAzita yuvAcArya mahAprajJa ke pravacana se pR. 58 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pretAtmAoM kA sAkSAta aura samparka : punarjanma kA sAkSI 115 prakAra ke phoTo meM marate hue vyakti ke zarIra kI koI AkRti zarIra se nikalatI hai aura bAhara jAtI dikhAI detI hai| isa prayoga ne AdhyAtmika kSetra meM aura vizeSatayA pUrvajanma ko pratyakSa siddha karane meM abhUtapUrva krAnti lA dI hai| vaha sUkSmatara zarIra jaina karma-vijJAna ke anusAra taijsa yukta kArmaNa zarIra hI hai| aura taijas yukta kArmaNa zarIra hI karmoM ke astitva kA pramANa hai| phalataH kArmaNa zarIra dvArA yAnI kRtakarmoM ke vipAka ke rUpa meM agale janma meM praveza kI bAta bhI svataH siddha ho jAtI hai| ' sUkSma zarIra ke phoTo se karma ke astitva kA pratyakSa samAdhAna sUkSma zarIra ke phoTo lene kI saphalatA ne aba tarka, yukti, anumAna aura Agama pramANa kI parokSa jagat kI sImA ko bahuta pIche chor3a diyaa| aba to pretavidyAvizAradoM, parAmanovaijJAnikoM evaM sUkSma zarIra citrAMkanakalAkAro ne pratyakSa jagat kI sImA meM punarjanma, pUrvajanma, AtmA aura karma ke astitva kA pratyakSavat samAdhAna kara diyA hai| sUkSma zarIra ke phoTo lene meM saphalatA ke kAraNa punarjanma aura karma kA avinAbhAva sambandha mAnane meM bhI kisI ko koI hicaka nahIM honI caahie| isa dRSTi se pUrvajanma aura punarjanma karma ke astitva ke mUla AdhAra mAnane meM koI bhI bAka yukti yA pramANa nahIM hai| 1 akhaNDa jyoti, navambara 76 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se pR. 58 2 vahI, pR. 59 For Personal & Private Use Only 1 1

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116 karma - vijJAna : karma kA astitva ( 1 ) bhi karma astitva kA mukhya kAraNa : jagatvaicitrya jaina saMskRti kA ujjvala dhavala prAsAda lAkhoM karor3oM varSoM se karmavijJAna kI sudRr3ha bhitti para khar3A hai / jaina saMskRti kI preraka pravRttiyoM, usake maulika bhAvoM evaM usake antastala ko hRdayaMgama karane ke lie usake dvArA vyAkhyAyita karmavijJAna ko samajhanA parama Avazyaka hai / jainadarzana apane akATya tarkoM, yuktiyoM aura pramANoM ke AdhAra para 'karma' ke astitva, ko siddha karatA hai / jagat kA vaicitrya : karmoM ke astitva kA prabala pramANa 'karma' ke astitva kA sarvAdhika prabala pramANa hai - jagat kA vaicitrya, arthAt - jagat ke prANiyoM kI vividharUpatA, unake sukha-duHkhoM kI vibhinnatA, unakI AkRti-prakRti-saMskRti meM pRthaktA, unake saMskAroM evaM vikAroM ke cayApacaya, unake svabhAva aura vibhAva kI dUratA nikaTatA tathA eka hI jAti ke prANiyoM ke asaMkhya prakAra aura asaMkhya AkAra 'karma' ke astitva kA spaSTa DiNDima ghoSa karate haiN| 'abhidharmakoSa' aura brahmasUtrazAMkarabhASya meM bhI isa loka vicitratA tathA jIvoM kI vibhinnatAoM kA kAraNa 'karma' ko hI mAnA gayA hai| " siddha aura saMsArI jIvoM ke antara kA kAraNa : karma isa virAT vizva meM cAroM ora dRSTipAta, cintanacaJcupAta aura vizleSaNa karane se yatra-tatra sarvatra sarvatovyApI viSamatA, vividhatA aura vicitratA dRSTigocara hotI hai / nizcayadRSTi se sabhI jIva (samasta AtmAe~) svabhAva aura svarUpa kI apekSA se samAna haiN| jaisA sarvakarmamukta siddha-paramAtmA kA svarUpa hai, vaisA hI eka nikRSTatama nigoda ke jIva kA svarUpa hai / usameM nizcayadRSTi se koI bheda yA koI antara nahIM hai / phira 1 (ka) karmajaM lokavaicitryam / - abhidharmakoSa 4 / 1 (kha) brahmasUtra, zAMkarabhASya 2/1/14 2 savve suddhA hu suddhaNayA / - dravyasaMgraha For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva kA mukhya kAraNa : jagatvaicitrya 117 kyA kAraNa hai ki eka jIva to samasta sAMsArika sukha-duHkhoM se sarvathA rahita hai, janma-maraNAdi duHkhoM ke kAraNoM se bhI sarvathA vimukta hai, aura dUsarA abhI kaSAyAdi vikAroM se lipaTA huA hai / sAMsArika sukha-duHkhoM se grasta hai, iSTaviyoga-aniSTasaMyoga athavA iSTasaMyoga aura aniSTaviyoga meM saMvedanazIla banakara rAga aura dveSa ke, Asakti aura ghRNA ke, yA moha aura droha ke jhUle meM jhUla rahA hai ? eka siddha paramAtmA hai aura dUsarA saMsArI AtmA hai, isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? "bRhadAloyaNA" meM zrAvaka raNajItasiMhajI ne isa antara kA rahasyodghATana karate hue kahA hai siddhA jaiso jIva hai, jIva sohI siddha hoya / karma-maila kA AMtarA, bUjhe biralA koya // vastutaH siddhajIva aura saMsArIjIva ke svabhAva (AtmabhAva), Atma guNa, evaM sva-rUpa meM nizcayadRSTi se sadRzatA hone para bhI vyavahAra meM itanA jo gahana antara hai, vaha karmoM ke kAraNa hai / siddhoM kI AtmA parama vizuddha aura samasta karmoM se rahita hai, jabaki saMsArI jIvoM kI AtmAe~ karmamala se lipta haiM / ina donoM meM antara kA kAraNa 'karma' ke sivAya aura koI nahIM haiM / AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa meM azuddhi kA kAraNa : karma jainadarzana kA yaha nizcita siddhAnta hai ki svarUpa kI dRSTi se sabhI - AtmAe~ eka haiM - samAna haiM / ' AtmAoM kI yaha vibhinnatA, pRthaktA, vividhatA yA virUpatA usakI svarUpagata yA nijaguNagata nahIM hai, apanI nahIM hai / AtmA to zuddha sau TaMcI sone ke samAna apane Apa meM zuddha hai / jaise - sau TaMcI sone kI DaliyoM meM koI antara nahIM hotA / jisa kisI sarrApha kI dikhAie, sau TaMce sone kA dAma aura bhAva vaha eka hI btaaegaa| adhyAtmajagat ke siddhahasta jaina kavi zrI 'dyAnatarAyajI' bhI yahI kahate hai jo nigoda meM so mujha mAhI, soI hai ziva - thAnA / 'dyAnata' hice raMca bheda nahIM, jAne so mativAnA // ApA prabhu jAnA, maiM jAnA / arthAt - jo AtmA kA svarUpa nigoda ke jIva kA hai, vahI merA hai, aura vahI svarUpa nArakoM, tiryaJcoM, manuSyoM aura devoM kI AtmA kA hai tathA 11 ege AyA / - ThANAMga sUtra 1 / 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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118 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) mokSagat mukta-siddha AtmAoM kA bhI vaisA hI svarUpa hai / isameM tilabhara bhI bheda nahIM hai / samyagdRSTi puruSa nizcayadRSTi se isa tathya ko bhalI-bhAMti jAnatA-mAnatA hai ki merI AtmA aura siddhaprabhu kI AtmA meM dravya-dRSTi se koI antara nahIM hai / " sAMsArika jIvoM meM vibhinnatA yA vicitratA vijAtIya tattva ke kAraNa prazna hotA hai, dravyadRSTi yA nizcayadRSTi se jaba svarUpa kI apekSA se vizva ke samasta jIva (AtmAe~) eka samAna haiM, taba yaha bheda DAlane vAlA, AtmAoM meM vibhinnatA evaM viSamatA paidA karane vAlA kauna sA aisA vijAtIya tattva hai, jo inakI pRthak-pRthak AkRti - prakRti, svabhAva kI mAtrA meM nyUnAdhikatA aura AtmaguNoM meM tathA cetanA ke vikAsa meM hInAdhikatA utpanna kara detA hai ? isakA samAdhAna jaina karmavijJAna-marmajJoM ne bahuta hI sundara DhaMga se kiyA hai / unhoMne batAyA ki dravyadRSTi se arthAt - apane mUlasvarUpa kI dRSTi se vizva kI sabhI AtmAe~ zuddha haiM, eka svarUpa haiM, azuddha nahIM hai, kintu jo bhI azuddhatA hai, viSamatA, visadRzatA yA vibhinnatA hai, vaha saba vibhAva ke kAraNa-paryAyadRSTi se hai / jisa prakAra dUdha apane ApameM zuddha hai, parantu usameM dahI Adi kI khaTAI par3ate hI usakI paryAya badala jAtI hai, kaI bAra dUdha phaTa jAtA hai / zuddha dUdha se usakI pRthaktA khaTTe padArtha ke saMyoga ke kAraNa hotI hai / isI prakAra jala kA apane Apa meM zItala svabhAva hai, kintu bAhara ke taijas padArthoM ke saMyoga se usameM uSNatA A jAtI hai / isI prakAra sau TaMcI sonA apane ApameM zuddha hai, kintu usameM miTTI aura kiTTikA ke mila jAne se azuddhatA A jAtI hai / yahI bAta AtmA ke sambandha meM samajhie / 2. zuddha sau TaMcI sone meM bAhara ke vijAtIya tattvoM (miTTI, pItala Adi ) kI khoTa mila jAne para bhI koI vyakti zuddha sone kI DalI aura khoTa mile hue sone kI DalI sarrApha ke pAsa becane hetu le jAegA to vaha donoM ke mola-bhAva meM bahuta hI antara batAegA / becane vAlA yadi usase kahegA ki sonA-sonA to sabhI eka haiM, phira inake mUlya evaM bhAva meM itanA antara kyoM batA rahe ho ? taba sarrApha yahI kahegA - yaha DalI to zuddha sone kI hai, 1 2 (ka) karma mImAMsA pR. 6 (kha) karmavAda : eka adhyayana pR. 5-6 karmavAda : eka adhyayana pR. 5-6 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva kA mukhya kAraNa : jagatvaicitrya 119 parantu dUsarI DalI meM khoTa milI huI hai / isalie ina donoM ke mola-bhAva meM kamI-vezI honA svAbhAvika hai / mUlya meM itanA bheda maiM yA sonA nahIM DAla rahe haiM, sone kI eka DalI meM jo khoTa milI huI hai, vahI vijAtIya tattva yaha bheda DAla rahA hai / isI prakAra saMsArI AtmA meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, moha, rAga, dveSa Adi vikAroM kI khoTa milI huI hai, ina vijAtIya tattvoM kA jo saMyoga hai, vahI zuddha aura saMsArI AtmA meM bheda DAla rahA hai / yaha vibhinnatA yA vicitratA bAhara se hI AtI hai, andara se nhiiN| aMdara meM to pratyeka AtmA meM caitanya kA zuddha prakAza dedIpyamAna hai| AtmAoM meM yaha azuddhi sakAraNa hai, akAraNa nahIM ___AtmAoM meM yaha azuddhi (khoTa) sakAraNa arthAt sahetuka mAnI jAtI hai / yadi usa bAhara se AI huI azuddhi ko ahetuka yA akAraNa mAnI jAegI, taba to AtmA meM sthAyI rUpa se sadA-sarvadA kAyama rahegI, kabhI miTa hI nahIM sakegI, aisI sthiti meM AtmA meM suSupta anantajJAnAdi ke asIma prakAza ko kadApi anAvRta nahIM kiyA jA sakegA, na hI AtmA meM virAjamAna paramAtma-tattva ko jagAyA jA sakegA / phira samyagdarzanAdi ratnatraya dvArA AtmA ko parama vizuddha banAne tathA mokSa kI sAdhanA bhI nirarthaka duSpuruSArtha siddha hogii| ataH jala meM bAhara se AI huI uSNatA ke samAna AtmA meM bhI bAhara se AI huI azuddhi sahetuka-sakAraNaka mAnanI cAhie, akAraNaka nahIM / AtmA para AI huI usa azuddhi ko sakAraNaka mAnane para usa (jIva) ke dvArA ratnatrayasAdhanA meM kiyA huA puruSArtha sArthaka hotA hai, eka dina vaha AtmA zuddha-buddha mukta ho sakatI hai| usameM suSupta ananta jJAnAdi kA prakAza punaH jAgRta hokara jagamagA sakatA hai / 2 / ___ prazna hotA hai-isa dRzyamAna vizva meM do hI padArtha mukhya haiM-jar3a (ajIva) aura cetana (ajIva aatmaa)| donoM kA apanA-apanA pRthak astitva hai, donoM kA svabhAva, sva-rUpa aura guNadharma alaga-alaga hai / jIva aura ajIva donoM apane mUlarUpa meM zuddha haiN| taba phira saMsArI AtmAoM meM jo azuddhi, vikRti yA vibhinnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai, usakA kyA kAraNa hai, kauna-sA hetu hai ? jaina manISiyoM ne isakA kAraNa batAyA haivijAtIya padArthoM kA sNyog| azuddhi sajAtIya padArthoM ke saMyoga se nahIM AtI sajAtIya padArthoM ke saMyoga se azuddhi yA vikRti nahIM AtI, azuddhi 1 karmamImAMsA pR. 6-7 2 karmamImAMsA, pR. 7 For Personal & Private Use Only

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120 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) yA vikRti tathA vibhinnatA AtI hai-vijAtIya padArthoM ke saMyoga se / pratyeka padArtha ke apane samAna sva-bhAva, guNadharma aura usakI kriyA se mela khAne vAle padArtha sajAtIya kahalAte haiM, jabaki ukta padArtha ke svabhAvAdi se viparIta svabhAva Adi vAle padArtha vijAtIya kahalAte haiM / jIva (AtmA) ke lie ajIva (jar3a-acetana) vijAtIya padArtha haiM / jaba jIva ke sAtha ajIva (jar3a yA pudgala rUpa acetana) kA saMyoga hotA hai, taba jIva (AtmA) meM vikRti, azuddhi yA vibhinnatA utpanna hotI hai / ' bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhI isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahA thA-"karma se hI jIva sukha-duHkha tathA zarIrAdi nAnA upAdhiyA~ prApta karatA hai / "2 "karma se hI jIva vibhinna avasthAoM, viSamatAoM tathA vividhatAoM ko prApta karatA hai, akarma se nahIM / "3 niSkarSa yaha hai ki karma nAmaka ajIva (pudgala) hI eka aisA vijAtIya padArtha hai, jo AtmAoM kI zuddha sthiti ko bhaMga karake unameM bheda DAlatA hai tathA vibhinnatA, visadRzatA aura virUpatA paidA karatA hai| caudaha dvAroM ke mAdhyama se karmarUpa kAraNa kA vicAra ___ aba dekhanA yaha hai ki kina-kina padArthoM ko lekara karma ke kAraNa jIvoM ko kaisI-kaisI nAnA upAdhiyA~, viSamatAe~, visa dRzatAe~ athavA vibhinnatAe~ prApta hotI haiM ? jaina karma-marmajJoM ne ve 14 dvAra batAye haiM-(1) gati, (2) indriya, (3) kAya, (4) yoga, (5) veda, (6) kaSAya, (7) jJAna, (8) saMyama, (9) darzana, (10) lezyA, (11) bhavya, (12) samyaktva, (13) saMjJI aura (14) AhAra / ina caudaha bAtoM ko lekara jIvoM meM jo vibhinnatAe~ hotI haiM, unakA mUla kAraNa karma hI hai| gati, indriya aura kAya ko lekara karmakAraNaka viSamatAe~ (1) gati-hama dekhate haiM ki sAMsArika jIvoM meM manuSya, deva, naraka, tiryaJca Adi aneka prakAra kI viSamatA, visadRzatA, virUpatA evaM vividhatA 1 karma-mImAMsA pR. 7-8 2 'kammuNA uvAhI jAyai / ' -AcArAMga 1/3/1 3 "kammaoNaM jao, No akammao vibhattibhAvaM pariNamaI / " - bhagavatIsUtra 12/5 4 nimnokta gAthA ke anusAra gati Adi 14 dvAroM ko lekara jIvoM kI karmajanya viSamatA hotI haiM:'gai-iMdiya-kAe joe vee kasAya nANesu / saMjama daMsaNa lessA, bhavva samme sanni AhAre // ' -caturtha karmagrantha gA. 9 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva kA mukhya kAraNa : jagatvaicitrya 121 pratyakSa dRSTigocara hotI hai / isakA bhI koI na koI kAraNa honA cAhie / eka jIva narakagati meM par3A vividha yAtanAe~ bhoga rahA hai, eka jIva devagati meM vividha vaiSayika sukhoM kA upabhoga kara rahA hai, eka manuSya gati meM sukha aura duHkha, unnati aura avanati, vikAsa aura hrAsa, tathA preya aura zreya ke hiMDole meM jhUla rahA hai, aura eka jIva tiryaJca gati' meM utpanna 'hokara paravazatA aura parAdhInatA ke kAraNa nAnA duHkha bhoga rahA hai / jIvoM kI isa gati ko lekara jo vibhinnatA hai, usakA kyA kAraNa hai ? jaina dArzanikoM ne una una jIvoM ke dvArA vibhinna prakAra se bAMdhe hue karmoM ko hI isakA kAraNa mAnA hai / 1 (2) indriya - phira dekhiye, una sAMsArika jIvoM meM indriyoM kI vibhinnatA / koI eka (sparza) indriya vAlA hai, to koI do indriyoM vAlA hai, koI tIna indriyoM vAlA jIva hai to koI cAra indriyoM vAlA aura koI pA~coM indriyoM vAlA hai / jIvoM ko indriyoM kI prApti kA yaha antara bhI karma ke astitva ko spaSTa kara rahA hai / isake atirikta koI andhA, kAnA, baharA hai, yA lUlA, la~gar3A, i~TA yA aMgavikala hai, koI nakaTA hai| ina saba indriya vikalatAoM - virUpatAoM kA mUla kAraNa bhI karma ke sivAya aura kucha nahIM ho sakatA / (3) kAya - isake pazcAt dekhiye unake kAya (zarIra) meM bhI kitanA antara hai? kaI sakAya (dvIndriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke jIva) haiM, jabaki dUsare sthAvarakAya (pRthvIkAya se vanaspatikAya taka ke jIva) ananta haiM / unameM bhI koI pRthvIkAyika hai, koI aSkAyika hai, koI tejaskAyika hai, koI vAyukAyika jIva hai to koI vanaspatikAyika hai / phira inhIM SaTkAyika jIvoM meM pratyeka kAya ke asaMkhya - asaMkhya prakAra haiM, vanaspatikAyika jIvoM ke ananta prakAra haiN| ina SaTkAyika jIvoM kI kAyA ko laikara jo itane-itane antara haiM, unakA kAraNa bhI 'karma' ke sivAya aura koI nahIM ho sakatA / -vacana-kAyA ke yoga ko lekara jIvoM meM vibhinnatA kA kAraNa : karma (4) yoga - yoga kI do paribhASAe~ jainAcAryoM ne kI haiM - ( 1 ) mana-vacana-kAyA kA vyApAra yA pravRtti - prayoga (2) pudgalavipAkI gatiyoM ko lekara vibhinnatA bhI karmajanya hai - "jaM Naraya-tirikkha maNussa devANaM *NivvattayaM kammaM taM gadiNAmaM / " - dhavalA 13/5/5 gati Adi ke lakSaNoM ke lie dekhiye - tRtIya karmagrantha vivecana ( marudhara kesarI zrI mizrImala jI ma. ) pR. 4-5 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma - vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) zarIranAmakarma ke udaya se mana-vacana kAyA se yukta jIva kI karmoM ko grahaNa karane meM kAraNabhUta zakti ko bhI yoga kahate haiN| " samasta prakAra ke sAMsArika jIvoM ke mana, vacana aura kAyA ke yogoM (mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRttiyoM - vyApAroM) ko lekara bhI vibhinnatAe~ dRSTigocara hotI haiM / samasta jIvoM ke mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti karane kI zakti, azakti, unakI cetanA ke vikAsa - hrAsa kI sthiti, unake trividha yogoM ke prayoga kI kSamatA - akSamatA, tathA paMcendriya, mana Adi trividha bala, ucchvAsa-niHzvAsa aura Ayu, ina dazavidha prANoM kI balavattA abalavattA' tathA inakI yogyatA - ayogyatA meM jo tAratamya dikhAI detA hai, use bhI karmajanya mAne-binA koI cArA nahIM hai| 122 (ka) manoyoga - kI apekSA se koI prANI mananazIla hai, manasvI hai, vicArazIla hai to koI manana- cintana hI nahIM kara pAtA, na hI manasvI aura vicAraka hai| koI vivekI aura tArkika hai, to koI vicAramUr3ha hai, avivekI hai| koI bhAvuka hai, sahRdaya hai, udArabhAvoM se yukta haiM, to koI niSThura, hRdayahIna aura pASANavat kaThora hRdaya hai, kRpaNa aura anudAra hai / koI maMdabuddhi aura mUrkha hai to koI prakharabuddhi, prAjJa vidvAn evaM suzikSita hai| koI saMskArahIna aura anaghar3a hai, phUhar3a hai to koI susaMskArI, pratibhAsampanna aura catura hai| mana kI pravRtti (yoga) ke ye asaMkhya prakAra karma ke kAraNa hI sambhava haiN| - (kha) vacanayoga- vANI-prayoga ko lekara jIvoM ke asaMkhya prakAra haiMpRthvIkAya Adi pAMca prakAra ke sthAvarakAya jIvoM ko to vANI hI prApta nahIM hai| ve bilakula bhASA - paryApti se rahita haiM / dvIndriya aura trIndriya jIvoM ko bhASA ke lie jihvA (rasanA) to milI hai, parantu unakI cetanA bahuta hI avikasita hai, isalie ve jihvA se padArtha kA svAda cakhane ke sivAya anya upayoga nahIM kara sakate / ve mUka hI rahate haiM / aba rahe caturindriya prANI, ve bhASA kA prayoga to karate haiM, kintu unakI bhASA avyakta hai / na ve kisI kI bolI ko suna pAte haiM aura na hI usakA uttara de pAte haiM / sabhI paMcendriya jIvoM ko bhASA (vANI) to prApta huI hai, kintu tiryaJca paMcendriya jIvoM kI bhASA avyakta hai, spaSTa nahIM hai, vyavasthita nahIM 1 (ka) maNasA vAyA kAeNa vA vi juttassa viriya- pariNAmo / jihappaNijogo jogo tti, jiNehiM NiddiTTho // -paMcasaMgraha 88 karmagrantha vivecana bhA. 3 ( marudhara kesarI mizrImala jI ma. pa. 5 (kha) For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva kA mukhya kAraNa : jagatvaicitrya 123 1 hai / ve kAnoM se dUsaroM kI bolI yA vANI ko suna aura samajha sakate haiM, parantu usakA uttara aspaSTa dhvani ke rUpa meM hI de sakate haiM / eka jAti ke pazu apane sajAtIya kI avyakta bhASA ko samajha sakate haiM / kucha manuSya bhI unakI avyakta-aspaSTa bhASA ko samajha sakate haiM / manuSya ko spaSTa bhASA kI paryApti milI hai, parantu unameM bhI koI mUka (gUMgA) aura aspaSTa bhASI ( mummuNa zabda karane vAlA) hotA hai, koI vyavasthita rUpa se bhASaNa yA saMbhASaNa nahIM kara sakatA, koI spaSTa nahIM bola pAtA, jabaki koI bhASaNa- saMbhASaNapaTu hotA hai, vAgmI tathA vAcAla bhI hotA hai / isa prakAra vacanakRta ina vibhinnatAoM meM karma ko hI kAraNa samajhanA cAhie / (ga) kAyayoga' - kisI ko choTA yA bar3A, saroga yA nIroga, durbala yA balavAna, hRSTa-puSTa yA mariyala, sphUrtimAna athavA susta, suDaula yA beDaula, laMbA yA ThiganA, kAlA kurUpa yA gorA - surUpa zarIra milatA hai athavA amuka saMhanana aura amuka saMsthAna se yukta zarIra milatA hai / athavA kisI ko kutte-billI Adi pazuoM yA mora, cir3iyA Adi pakSiyoM kA yA kITa-pataMga, sAMpa Adi kA zarIra milatA hai to kisI ko vibhinna AkRti va ceSTA vAlA mAnava zarIra milatA hai / jIvoM ke zarIroM meM jo visadRzatA, vibhinnatA aura vicitratA dikhAI detI hai, isake lie pUrvakRta karma ko kAraNa mAnanA hI par3egA / anyathA amuka AtmA ko amuka prakAra kA zarIra milatA hai, aisI vyavasthA kA samAdhAna karma ke atirikta nahIM ho sakatA / nyAyadarzana bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra karatA hai / bhautika tattvoM kA - zarIrotpatti kA nirapekSa kAraNa mAnane para to saba jIvoM ke zarIra aura unakI pravRtti eka sI honI cAhie, vaha nahIM dikhAI detii| isalie zarIrotpatti meM vividharUpatA karmasApekSa mAnanI caahie| veda ko lekara jIvoM meM vibhinnatA kA kAraNa : karma (5) veda-sAMsArika jIvoM meM puruSa aura strI, yA nara aura mAdA ke antara ke atirikta jIvoM kI kAmavAsanA (veda-vedana) meM jo antara pAyA jAtA hai, vaha bhI karma-kAraNaka mAnanA cAhie / veda kI paribhASA haistrI, puruSa yA napuMsaka ke sAtha ramaNa karane kI (maithuna kI ) abhilASA / 1 dekhiye - gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) meM bhI gati Adi ko lekara jIvoM kI vibhinnatA kA mUla kAraNa karma ko batAyA gayA hai "gai-iMdiesu kAye joge vede kasAya NANe ya / saMjama-daMsaNa-lessA- bhaviyA sammatta saNNi AhAre // " gA. 141 2 (ka) jaina dRSTie karma, pR. 24 (kha) nyAyadarzana sUtra 3 / 2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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124 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) sAMsArika jIvoM meM koI strI vedI hai, koI puruSa - vedI hai aura koI napuMsaka - vedI hai| ekendriya jIva napuMsaka - vedI mAne jAte haiN| zeSa jIvoM meM hI prakAra ke veda pAye jAte haiN| kisI meM kisI veda kI adhikatA hai, kisI meM nyUnatA / isa prakAra sAMsArika jIvoM kI kAmavAsanA (indriyaramaNa karane kI abhilASA) meM bhI bahuta taratamatA hai| kisI kI kAmavAsanA anyanta manda, kisI kI tIvra aura tIvratara bhI hotI hai / ina saba taratamatAoM kA kAraNa karma ke atirikta aura kyA ho sakatA hai ? manovaijJAnika isakA cAhe koI bhI zArIrika yA mAnasika kAraNa batAe~, anya dArzanika ise cAhe AnuvaMzika yA pUrvajanmIya saMskAroM ko kAraNa mAneM; magara una saba kAraNoM kA mUla kAraNa karma ko mAnane para hI pUrNa manaHsamAdhAna hotA hai| kaSAya ko lekara jIvoM meM tAratamya kA kAraNa : karma (6) kaSAya- isake pazcAta jIvoM ke krodha - mAna-mAyA-lobharUpa cAra kaSAyoM kI mAtrA meM jo antara pAyA jAtA hai, vaha bhI akAraNa nahIM hai / kisI meM krodha tIvra hotA hai, kisI meM lobha, kisI meM ahaMkAra (mAna) tIvra hotA hai, kisI meM mAyA (chala-kapaTa ) tIvra hotI hai / kisI meM ye cAroM, athavA inameM se koI eka, do yA tIna manda hote haiM, kisI meM cAroM hI kaSAya atyanta manda hote haiN| isa prakAra jIvoM meM kaSAyoM kI mandatA, tIvratA kI mAtrA meM nyUnAdhikatA pAI jAtI hai, usakA mUla kAraNa 'karma' ko hI mAne binA koI cArA nahIM / " karma hI jIvoM ke jJAna, saMjJA, saMjJitva - asaMjJitvAdi meM antara kA mUla kAraNa (7) jJAna - jIvoM ke jJAna meM bhI paryApta antara hai / eka ko paripUrNa kevalajJAna hai, kisI ko avadhijJAna taka tIna jJAna haiM, kisI ko manaHparyAyajJAna taka cAra jJAna haiM aura kisI ko sirpha mati, zruta ye do hI jJAna haiM / athavA ananta jIvoM meM samyagjJAna hI nahIM, do kujJAna, athavA tIna kujJAna hI haiM / nArakIya jIvoM meM samyagdRSTi ke sivAya sabhI ko 1 (ka) jAtinAmakarma ke avinAbhAvI trasa athavA sthAvara nAmakarma ke udaya se hone vAlI AtmA kI paryAya ko 'kAya' kahate haiM / - karmagrantha tRtIya vivecana ( marudhara kesarI mizrImala jI ma.), pR. 5 - dhavalA 1/1/1/4 (kha) Atma pravRttermaithuna - sammohotyAdo vedaH / (ga) "kaSatyAtmAnaM hinastIti kaSAya ityucyate / " - rAjavArtika 6/7 "cAritra pariNAmakaSaNAt kaSAyaH / " (gha) ina sabake lakSaNoM ke lie dekhiye- karmagrantha bhA. 3 vivecana ( marudhara kesarI mizrImala jI ma.), pR. 5 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva kA mukhya kAraNa: jagatvaicitrya 125 vibhaMgajJAna hotA hai, yahI hAla devoM kA hai / unheM bhI yA to tIna jJAna hote haiM, yA phira tIna kujJAna / manuSyoM meM avadhijJAna, manaHparyAyajJAna aura kevalajJAna, ina tIna pratyakSa jJAnoM ko chor3akara mati zruta jaise do parokSa jJAnoM (indriya-pratyakSa jJAnoM) meM bhI asaMkhya prakAra ke tAratamya pAe jAte haiN| ina sabakA kAraNa dArzanika, manovaijJAnika yA nAstika loga cAhe bauddhika kSamatA-akSamatA yA jJAna - tantuoM kI sabalatA - durbalatA batA deM, parantu ina sabake mUla kAraNa jIvoM ke apane-apane 'karma' hI haiM / " (8) saMjJA, saMjJI - jainazAstroM meM cAra prakAra kI saMjJA batAI gaI haiM'AhArasaMjJA, bhayasaMjJA, maithunasaMjJA aura parigraha- saMjJA / ina cAroM saMjJAoM meM bhI kisI jIva meM koI saMjJA adhika aura koI saMjJA kama dikhAI detI hai / kisI meM ye cAroM hI saMjJAeM atyanta manda hotI haiM aura kisI meM atyanta tIvra / isa prakAra ke tAratamya kA kAraNa pratyeka jIva ke apane-apane karma hI hote haiM / athavA kaI jIva samanaska (labdhi aura upayogarUpa bhAvamana va dravya manavAle -saMjJI) hote haiM aura nigoda Adi ke ananta jIva amanaska (dravyamana se rahita - asaMjJI) hote haiM / samanaska jIvoM kI mAnasika cetanA ke vikAsa meM bhI agaNita prakAra kA antara pAyA jAtA hai| mana ke sAtha citta, buddhi aura hRdaya kA ghaniSTha sambandha hai, isalie inheM bhI jaina AgamoM meM mana ke hI antargata mAna liyA gayA hai / isa dRSTi se ekendriya se lekara caturindriya jIvoM taka meM bhAvamana hone para bhI unakI mAnasika cetanA, *bauddhika sphuraNA, cittIya ekAgratA, Adi kaI bAtoM meM bahuta antara pAyA jAtA hai / saMyama, darzana aura lezyA ko lekara jIvoM meM vibhinnatA bhI karma ke kAraNa (9) saMyama' - saMyama pAMcoM indriyoM para niyaMtraNa kA nAma hai / saMsAra meM kaI jIva aise haiM, jinakA indriyoM para koI niyaMtraNa nahIM hai, kucha jIva aise 1 jJAyate paricchidyate vastva tenAsmAdasminveti vA jJAnam / - anuyogadvAra TIkA 2 (ka) saMjJinaH samanaskAH / - tattvArtha sUtra (kha) AhArAdi viSayAbhilASaH saMjJA / - sarvArthasiddhi 2/4 (ga) No iMdiya AvaraNa khaovasamaM, tajjabohaNaM saNNA / sA jassA so du saNNI idaro sesiMdiyaavaboho // - gommaTasAra ( jI.) 630 (ka) cauvvihe saMjame - maNasaMjame, vaisaMjame, kAyasaMjame, uvagaraNasaMjame / - sthAnAMga 4/2 (kha) garahA-saMjame, no agarahA saMjame / - bhagavatI 1/9 . For Personal & Private Use Only

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126 karma - vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) haiM, jinakA sImita niyaMtraNa hai aura thor3e se aise mahAvratI haiM, jinake vaza meM unakI indriyA~ haiN| sAvadya (pApamaya) pravRtti para pApajanaka hiMsAdi pravRttiyoM para niyaMtraNa ko bhI saMyama kahate haiN| isa prakAra kA sarAga-saMyama bhI kucha thor3e-se sAdhu-sAdhviyoM meM hotA hai, jo paMcamahAvratarUpa saMyama meM pravRtta hote. haiM, aura samasta sAvadya vyApAroM se nivRtta hote haiM / kaI gRhastha saMyamAsaMyamI haiM, jo aNuvratoM kA pAlana karate haiN| ve AMzika rUpa se saMyama meM pravRtti karate. haiN| isake sivAya ananta jIva asaMyama meM par3e haiM / unameM bhI bahuta tAratamya hai| yaha saba saMyama-asaMyama ko lekara jo tAratamya hai, usakA mUla kAraNa zubhAzubha karma kA udaya, kSaya yA kSayopazama hI hai| (10) darzana - padArtha ke vizeSa aMza kA grahaNa na karake; kevala sAmAnya aMza kA nirvikalpa rUpa se grahaNa (jJAna) karanA darzana' kahalAtA hai| darzanaH ko lekara jIvoM meM aneka prakAra ke bheda haiN| caturindriya aura paMcendriya jIvoM ke cakSudarzana hotA hai / vaha ekendriya se trIndriya taka ke jIvoM ke nahIM hotA / isI prakAra cakSurindriya ke sivAya sparzana, rasana aura ghrANendriya se darzana bhI kramazaH ekendriya, dvIndriya aura trIndriya jIvoM ko hotA hai / zrotrendriya se darzana sirpha paMcendriya jIvoM ko hotA hai / aura avadhidarzana to nArakoM aura devoM ko to janma se hotA hai / zeSa paMcendriya jIvoM meM se kisI virale hI manuSya yA tiryaMca ko hotA hai / aura kevaladarzana to vItarAga kevalI ko hI hotA hai / darzana ko lekara jIvoM meM itanI vibhinnatA aura visadRzatA kA kAraNa bhI karma ke udaya, kSaya yA kSayopazama ko hI samajhanA cAhie / (11) lezyA' - lezyA se AtmA karmoM se zliSTa - lipta hotI hai kaSAyodaya se anuraMjita hone para AtmA (jIva) ke jaise-jaise pariNAma hote haiM, vaisI-vaisI lezyA usakI hotI jAtI hai / isa dRSTi se kRSNa, nIla, kApota Ada tIna lezyAe~ pahale se lekara chaThe guNasthAna vAle jIvoM taka meM pAI jAtI haiM / tejolezyA aura padmalezyA Adi ke sAta guNasthAnoM meM hotI haiM, aura zuklalezyA meM pahale se lekara terahaveM guNasthAna taka ke jIva hote haiM / isake atirikta kisI meM kRSNa, kisI meM nIla, kisI meM kApota 1 darzanaM sAmAnyAvabodha lakSaNam / - SaDdarzanasamuccaya 2/18 2 (ka) kaSAyAnuraMjitA yogapravRttiH lezyA / (kha) lippai appA kIrai eyAe puNNa- pAva ca ...... jIvotti hoi lessA, lessAguNa jANamakkhayA // -- paMcasaMgraha 142 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva kA mukhya kAraNa : jagatvaicitrya 127 aura kisI jIva meM tejolezyA aura kisI meM padmalezyA adhika hotI hai / yaha jo jIvoM meM lezyAoM kA tAratamya hai, vaha bhI karma ke kAraNa hai / bhavya, samyaktva aura AhAra kI apekSA se karmakRta vibhinnatA (12) bhavya-jisa jIva meM mokSa-prApti kI yogyatA ho, use bhavya' kahate haiM, jisameM yaha yogyatA na ho, vaha abhavya kahalAtA hai / abhavya kI apekSA bhavya adhika haiM / abhavya kA prathama guNasthAna hai, zeSa teraha guNasthAna bhavya jIvoM ke haiM / parantu unameM bhI ekendriya se lekara caturindriya taka ke jIvoM meM mokSa-prApti kI yogyatA nahIM hai / paMcendriya jIvo meM bhI bhavya aura abhavya donoM prakAra ke jIva haiM / manuSyoM meM bhI kaI Asanna bhavya hote haiM, kaI dUrabhavya / isa prakAra bhavya-abhavya ko lekara karmakRta vibhinnatA pAI jAtI hai / kahIM karma kA atyanta nibir3a udaya hotA hai isa kAraNa jIvaM abhavya hI banA rahatA hai, kahIM karmoM ke kSaya-kSayopazama se jIva bhavya hote haiN| jaba taka mokSa na ho jAya taba taka sabhI jIvoM kA eka yA dUsare rUpa meM karma se sambandha rahatA hai / (13) samyaktva'-samyaktva aura mithyAtva ko lekara bhI karmakRta vibhinnatAe~ pAI jAtI haiM / samyaktva ke bhI kaI bheda hai-aupazamika, mAyika, kSAyopazamika Adi tathA isake viparIta mithyAtva ke bhI pAMca tathA paccIsa bheda hote haiM / isa prakAra samyaktva aura mithyAtva ko lekara bhI jIvoM meM karmakRta vividhatA hotI hai| samyaktvamohanIya, mithyAtva-mohanIya evaM mizramohanIya karma ke udaya se kahIM trividha mithyAtva ko lekara aura kahIM ina tInoM ke kSaya, upazama yA kSayopazama se jIvoM kI vibhinna sthitiyA~ banatI hai| ina vibhinnatAoM kA mUla kAraNa karma hai| . (14) AhAra'-isI prakAra AhAra aura anAhAra ko lakara bhI jIvoM kI qaI vibhinnatAe~ banatI hai / AhAra kahate haiM-zarIranAmakarma ke udaya se deha, vacana aura dravyamanarUpa banane yogya nokarma-vargaNA ke grahaNa ko / athavA tIna zarIra aura chaha paryAptiyoM ke yogya pudgaloM ke grahaNa ko bhI 1 karmagrantha bhA. 3 vivecana (marudhara kesarI mizrImala jI ma.) pR. 6 2 chadavva NavapayatyA satta tacca niddiTThA / / saddahai tattANa rUva so saddiTTI munneyvvo|| -darzanapAhuDa 1/2 3(ka) karmagrantha bhA. 3 vivecana (marudhara kesarI mizrImala jI ma.) pR. 7 .. (kha) trayANA zarIrANAM SaNNAM paryAptInAM yogya-pudgala-grahaNamAhAraH / -sarvArthasiddhiH 2/30 For Personal & Private Use Only

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128 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) AhAra kahate haiM / AhAra grahaNa karane vAle AhAraka jIva ke prathama guNasthAna se lekara terahaveM sayogi kevalI paryanta 13 guNasthAna hote haiM, anAhAraka jIvoM ke pahalA, dUsarA, cauthA, terahavA~ aura caudahavA~ ye 5 guNasthAna hote haiM / eka gati se dUsarI gati meM jAte hue jIva eka yA do athavA tIna samaya taka anAhAraka rahate haiM / isa prakAra AhAraka aura anAhAraka ko lekara jIvoM kI vibhinnatA bhI karmakRta hotI hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki ina caudaha mArgaNA-dvAroM ko lekara jIvoM kI vibhinna sthitiyA~ hone kA mUla kAraNa karma hai| AtmA kI vibhinna avasthAe~, karmoM ke kAraNa __ AtmA kI ina vibhinna avasthAoM ko karmakRta batAte hue tattvArtha zlokavArtika meM bhI kahA gayA hai-"jisa prakAra mala se AvRta maNi kI abhivyakti vividha rUpoM meM hotI hai, usI prakAra vividha (jJAnAvaraNIyAdi) karmoM (karmamaloM) se AvRta AtmA kI bhI vividha avasthAe~ dRSTigocara hotI caurAsI lAkha jIvayoni ke ananta prANiyoM kI karmakRta vibhinna avasthAeM isake atirikta vizva ke vizAla raMgamaMca para jaba hama dRSTipAta karate haiM to hameM ananta-ananta jIvoM kI sukha-duHkha, sampatti-vipatti, saubhAgya-durbhAgya, susvara-duHsvara, Adeya-anAdeya, sugati-durgati, sujAtidurjAti, susparzavattA-duHsparzavattA, surasatA-virasatA, sugandhimattA- durgandhimattA, anukUlatA-pratikUlatA, iSTasaMyoga-aniSTasaMyoga, iSTaviyogaaniSTaviyoga Adi vibhinna avasthAe~ dRSTigocara hotI haiN| manuSyoM meM hI nahIM kula caurAsI lAkha jIvayoni ke prANiyoM meM bhI vicitratA aura visadRzatA dekhI jAtI hai| manuSya jAti ke vibhinna jIvanakSetroM meM vibhinnatAe~ karmakRta haiM inameM se eka manuSya jAti ko hI le liijie| usameM bhI agaNita prakAra kI vibhinnatAe~ aura viSamatAe~ pratIta hotI haiN| manuSya ke vaiyaktika jIvana meM hI nahIM, pArivArika, sAmAjika, rASTrIya, sAmpradAyika, Arthika evaM AdhyAtmika-naitika jIvana meM bhI nAnA prakAra kI bhinnatAe~ dRSTigocara hotI haiN| 1 malAvRtamaNervyaktiryathA'nekavidhekSyate / karmAvRtAtmanastadvat yogyatA vividhA na kim ?" - tatvArtha zlokavArtika 191 2 dekhiye-nAmakarma ke udaya se prApta hone vAlI vibhinna karma prakRtiyoM kA varNana prathama karmagrantha (vivecana) (paM. sukhalAlajI) pR. 50 se 89 taka 3 jJAna kA amRta (paM. jJAnamunijI) pR. 27 se 28 taka For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva kA mukhya kAraNa: jagatvaicitrya 129 (1) vyaktigata jIvana meM koI vyakti apane Apa meM sarala hai, koI kuTila hai, koI udAra hai to koI anudAra hai, koI lobhI hai to kisI meM lobha atyanta manda hai, koI tIvra krodhI hai to koI manda - krodhI hai| kisI meM tIvra ahaMkAra hai to kisI meM ahaMkAra kI mAtrA atyanta kama hai| koI chala-kapaTa karane meM pravINa hai, to koI chala-kapaTa se dUra rahatA hai| vaiyaktika jIvana kI ina vibhinna avasthAoM kA mUla kAraNa karma ke vaividhya ke atirikta aura koI nahIM ho sktaa| vyaktigata bhinnatA kA mUla AdhAra : karma yA AnuvaMzika saMskAra ? karmavijJAna, manovijJAna aura zarIrazAstra kA tulanAtmaka vizleSaNa karate hue zrI ratanalAla jaina ne apane lekha meM likhA hai - "vaiyaktika bhinnatA bhI pratyakSa dekhI jA sakatI hai / kucha vyakti gore hote haiM, kucha kAle, kucha baune hote haiM, kucha lambe / katipaya vyakti beDaula hote haiM, kucha suDaula / kaI prakhara buddhi ke dhanI hote haiM, koI mandabuddhi / smaraNazakti aura adhyayana (adhigama) zakti yA grahaNazakti bhI sabakI samAna nahIM hotI / sabakA svabhAva bhI eka-sA nahIM hotA / kucha atikrodhI hote haiM to kaI zAntaprakRti ke hote haiM / kucha loga prasanna rahate haiM, kucha sadA mAyUsa-udAsa rahate haiN| 'kaI loga niHsvArtha vRtti ke hote haiM, to kaI tuccha svaarthpraaynn|' niSkarSa yaha hai ki karmazAstra meM isa prakAra kI vaiyaktika bhinnatA aura vicitratA kA mUla kAraNa karma ko hI mAnA gayA hai, AnuvaMzika saMskAroM ko nahIM / (2) pArivArika jIvana meM bhI aneka vibhinnatAe~ hama pratyakSa dekhate haiN| kaI logoM ko atIva susaMskArI, dhArmika, kulIna, udAra yA mAnavatAparAyaNa tathA naitika niyamoM kA pAlaka parivAra milatA hai, to kisI ko milatA hai-kusaMskArI, pApAcAra-parAyaNa, dharma-karma se dUra, anudAra, mAnavatA-vihIna, nIti-dharma ke niyamoM kI upekSA karane vAlA tathA kulaparamparA ko tAka meM rakha dene vAlA privaar| kaI vyaktiyoM ko susaMskAroM kI kamI ke kAraNa, dharma - kAryoM ke prati udAsIna, kintu pApakarmoM se dUra, sirpha nIti-niyama-parAyaNa parivAra milatA hai| AnuvaMzika yA paitRka saMskAra pArivArika vibhinnatAoM ke mUla kAraNa nahIM ho sakate / "uttarAdhyayana sUtra" meM batAyA gayA hai ki "jIva pUrvakRta puNyakarmoM ke 1 dekhiye zramaNopAsaka ke 10/8/89 ke aMka meM zrI ratanalAla jaina kA 'karma kI vicitratA : manovijJAna ke sandarbha meM lekha / For Personal & Private Use Only

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130 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) phalasvarUpa aise parivAra meM janma lete haiM, jahA~ unheM uttama kheta, sundara gRha, svarNAdi dhana, pAlatU pazu aura vaphAdAra dAsa Adi milate haiM / tathA jahA~ (manuSyaloka meM) ve sanmitroM se yukta, uccajJAtimAna, uccagotrIya, sundara, surUpa, nIroga, mahAprAjJa, kulIna, yazasvI, pratiSThita evaM baliSTha hote haiN|' isake viparIta anya kaI logoM ko aisA parivAra milatA hai, jahA~ jIvana-yApana ke susAdhanoM ke abhAva meM ve pIr3ita, zoSita, padadalita evaM abhizapta jIvana jIte haiM / isase bhI bar3hakara vicitra evaM Azcaryajanaka bAta yaha hai ki kaI logoM ko kusaMskArI, dharma-satkarma-vihIna, . pApAcAraparAyaNa, naitikatA se bhraSTa, mAnavatA-vihIna, anudAra evaM ghRNita parivAra milatA hai, kintu vaise parivAra meM janma lene para bhI kucha vyakti ahiMsaka, saccaritra, udArasvabhAva ke evaM dharmaniSTha nikalate haiN| ve ukta parivAra ke pApAcaraNa se udAsIna evaM dUra rahate haiN| jaise-rAjagRha-nivAsI kAlasaukarika kA putra sulasa kasAI-karma se bilakula udAsIna, pApabhIru evaM ahiMsAparAyaNa rahA / isI prakAra harikezabala muni ko apane gRhasthajIvana kA parivAra cANDAlakula vAlA, kusaMskArI evaM mAnavatAvihIna milA thA, kintu vaha apane pUrvakRta zubhakarma ke kAraNa usI parivAra meM rahakara mRdusvabhAva kA evaM nirlipta banA / 2 ___ Azaya yaha hai ki vibhinna prakAra ke parivAra kA milanA to pUrvakRta karmajanya hI hai, AnuvaMzikatAjanya nahIM / (3) sAmAjika jIvana-sAmAjika jIvana meM nAnA prakAra kI visadRzatAe~ pAI jAtI haiN| samAja samavicAra-AcArazIla manuSyoM kA samUha hotA hai / parantu vaha bhI aneka jAtiyoM-upajAtiyoM, kaumoM, vaMzoM aura kuloM tathA aneka varNoM, khAnadAniyoM aura birAdariyoM meM ba~TA huA hai| phira pratyeka jAti (jJAti), vaMza, kula, khAnadAna aura birAdarI Adi ke rahana-sahana, saMskAra, paramparA, rIti-rivAja, dharma-sampradAya (dharmasaMgha) gata saMskAra Adi meM bahuta hI antara pAyA jAtA hai / kaI jAtiyoM, kaumoM evaM dharma-sampradAyo (paMthoM) meM pazubali, narabali, kurbAnI (pazuvadha), mAMsAhAra, madyapAna Adi kI krUra, amAnavIya evaM ghRNita hiMsaka prathAe~ haiM to kaI jAtiyoM, kaumoM, dharmasampradAyoM yA vaMza paramparA meM madya, mAMsa, pazubali, Adi krUra hiMsaka prathAeM bilakula nahIM haiN| 1 uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 3 gA. 16-17-18 2 (ka) Avazyaka kathA, (kha) uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 12 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva kA mukhya kAraNa : jagatvaicitrya 131 kaI samAja akAraNa hI yA sAmAnya kAraNavaza dUsaroM se lar3anebhir3ane aura sattA hAsila karane meM apanA gaurava samajhate haiM, jabaki kaI samAja zAnti se jIvana-yApana karanA pasanda karate haiM / kaI samAja bahuta hI sAtvika DhaMga se alpa - Arambha aura alpaparigraha se apanA gujara-basara karate haiM, jabaki kaI samAja bahuta hI ADambara, pradarzana aura ThATha-bATa se mahArambha aura mahAparigraha se jIvana bitAne meM apanI zAna-zaukata samajhate pa isake atirikta eka vyakti sAmAjika dRSTi se sammAnita aura pratiSThita hai / use samAja kA adhyakSa yA mahAmaMtrI banAyA jAtA hai| vaha samAja kI zraddhA kA kendra bana jAtA hai / jabaki kisI ko adhyakSAdi padoM se cyuta kara diyA jAtA hai| usake prati avizvAsa prastAva pArita karake use samAja yA saMsthA se bahiSkRta kara diyA jAtA hai| vaha samAja meM ghRNA evaM upahAsa kA pAtra bana jAtA hai| ina aura aisI hI sAmAjika viSamatAoM yA vibhinnatAoM kA mUla kAraNa karma ko hI mAnanA pdd'egaa| (4) rASTrIya jIvana - rASTrIya jIvana meM bhI nAnA prakAra ke vibheda dRSTigocara hote haiM / eka hI rASTra kaI prAntoM, prakhaNDoM, pradezoM, janapadoM, paMcAyatoM, jiloM Adi meM baMTA huA hotA hai / phira pratyeka rASTra kI hI nahIM, usake antargata prAnta Adi kI vezabhUSA, prakRti, saMskRti, sabhyatA, ziSTAcAra, bhASA Adi ke sAtha-sAtha unakI prakRtigata krUratA - saumyatA, mAnavIyatA-amAnavIyatA, dezadroha - dezamoha, rASTrabhakti-abhakti, baphAdArI-gairavaphAdArI, nirbalatA sabalatA, durvyasanatA-durvyasanamukti Adi vibhinnatAe~ dRSTipatha meM AtI haiN| unakA kAraNa usa usa rASTra yA prAnta meM janme hue logoM ke pUrvakRta karma hI ho sakate haiN| (5) manuSyoM kA sAmpradAyika jIvana' bhI vibhinna sampradAyoM, majahaboM, toM-pathoM kA ajAyabaghara banA huA hai| usameM vartamAna meM dharma kI mAtrA lAyaH kama aura pArasparika sampradAyAdigata rAga-dveSa, IrSyA, Asakti, moha tathA prasiddhi aura pratiSThA kI lAlasA, padoM aura upAdhiyoM kI tamannA, dUsare sampradAyAdi kI nindA, AlocanA, apratiSThA, AkSepa-pratyAkSepa, khaNDana karmagrantha bhA. 1, (vivecana, paM. sukhalAlajI) pR. 33 jJAna kA amRta, pR. 28 (ka) jJAna kA amRta, pR. 38 . (kha) karmavAda : eka paryavekSaNa ( upAcArya devendramuni) (dharma aura darzana) pR. 43 For Personal & Private Use Only

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132 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) Adi ke AdhAra para apane sampradAyAdi kI pUjA-pratiSThA meM vRddhi kI buddhi, dUsare sampradAyAdi ke prati droha, ghRNA, azraddhA, badanAmI, Adi durbhAvanA phailAnA Adi ke kAraNa baMdhane vAle azubha (pApa) karmoM kI hI mAtrA adhika hotI hai / isase sAmpradAyika jIvana se jo zAnti, samAdhi, manaHsthiratA, ahiMsAdi kI niSkAma sAdhanA, bAhyAbhyantara tapazcaraNa dvArA Atmazuddhi Adi kI upalabdhi honI cAhie, usakI apekSA azAnti, asamAdhi hiMsAdi, bAhya niSprANa karmakANDoM kA ghaTATopa, ADambara, pradarzana, sukhasuvidhA, sukhazIlatA, sakAma sAdhanA Adi hI dRSTigocara hote haiM, je. karmamukti ke nahIM, karmavRddhi ke kAraNa hote haiM / sAmpradAyika jIvana kI ina vibhinna vikRtiyoM-virUpatAoM kA kAraNa bhI karmakRta mAnanA caahie| (6) isake atirikta manuSyoM ke Arthika jIvana meM nAnA prakAra ke vibhinnatAe~ pratIta hotI haiN| koI atyanta daridra hai, aura dhanAbhAva ke kAraNa duHkhI evaM azAnta hai, to koI dhanasampanna hai, usake pAsa sukha-sAdhanoM kI pracuratA hai / koI vyakti anAyAsa hI kisI jariye se prabhUta dhana prApta kara letA hai, aura koI vyApAra-dhaMdhe meM apAra parizrama karane para bhI ghATe hI ghATe meM rahatA hai / kisI vyakti ko janma lete hI pitA kI sArI sampatti kA uttarAdhikAra prApta ho jAtA hai, to kisI ko dhana-sampanna pitA ke hone para bhI pitA kI sampatti meM se jarA bhI hissA nahIM milatA / kisI ko dhana milane para bhI vaha use aiza-ArAma, mauja-zauka, vyabhicAra, kumitroM kI saMgati meM yA nirarthaka kAryoM meM ur3A detA hai athavA bImArI, aMgavikalatA Adi ke kAraNa dhana yA sAdhanoM kA upabhoga nahIM kara pAtA; to koI dhana prApta hone para dharma-pracAra, ahiMsA-pracAra, dharma-zikSaNasaMskAra, tathA anyAnya satkAryoM meM, pAtroM aura supAtroM ko dAna dene meM, abhAvagrastoM ko sahayoga dene meM, abhayadAna, auSadhadAna Adi meM usa dhana kA sadupayoga karatA hai / eka kI bhAvanA alpaparigraha se sAdagI aura ADambararahita jIvana bitAne kI hai, dUsare kI bhAvanA pracura dhana se ThATha-bATa, ADambara, tar3aka-bhar3aka, jue tathA phaizana evaM vilAsa meM aphalAtUna kharca karake samAja meM apanI dhAka jamAne kI hai / Arthika jIvana meM ye aura isa prakAra kI viSamatAe~ vyakti ke zubhAzubha karmoM ko spaSTa dyotita kara rahI haiN| (7) isI prakAra manuSyoM ke AdhyAtmika aura naitika jIvana ko lIjie, isameM bhI asaMkhya vibhinnatAe~ haiM / eka-eka manuSya kI mAnasika bauddhika evaM caitasika agaNita paryAyeM hotI haiM / isIlie AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai-manuSya kA mana aneka vikalpoM vAlA hai / ' eka ghaMTA pahale 1 "aNegacitte khalu ayaM purise / " -AcArAMga sUtra zru. 1, a. 3, u. 2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva kA mukhya kAraNa: jagatvaicitrya 133 upavAsa karane kA mana hotA hai, eka ghaMTe bAda rasoIghara meM khAdya padArtha kI bhInI-bhInI sugandha AI, kisI ne thor3I-sI manuhAra kI, basa, bhojana karane kA mana ho gayA / isa prakAra eka vyakti kA mana eka ghaMTe meM nahIM, apitu eka-eka kSaNa meM badala jAtA hai / buddhi kA nirNaya bhI badala jAtA hai / citta kA ravaiyA bhI bahuta zIghra palaTa jAtA hai / eka vyakti ahiMsA, satya, brahmacarya, acaurya aura aparigraha vRtti ko ThIka samajhatA hai aura yatkiMcitrUpeNa yA pUrNarUpeNa usa para calanA cAhatA hai athavA parISahoM aura upasargoM para vijaya pAnA cAhatA hai, Atmazuddhi ke lie bAhya-Abhyantara tapa karanA cAhatA hai, kSamA Adi dazavidha dharmoM kA bhI pAlana karanA cAhatA hai, kintu vaha na to vratoM - mahAvratoM yA niyamoM kA pAlana yA samyagdarzanAdi dharma kA AcaraNa kara pAtA hai, na hI parISahoM aura upasargoM ko saha pAtA hai, vaha sukhazIla banakara sukha-suvidhApUrNa jIvana vyatIta karatA hai, bAhyAbhyantara tapazcaraNa bhI nahIM kara pAtA, na hI apanI zakti kSamAdi dharmoM ke AcaraNa meM lagA pAtA hai / jabaki dUsarA vyakti vrataniyamAdi kA pAlana, parISahoM-upasargoM para vijaya prApta kara pAtA hai, usakA jIvana tapazcaraNa se sadhA huA - sAdhanAmaya hotA hai / apanI samasta zaktiyoM ko vaha AdhyAtmika jIvana meM- AtmasvarUpa meM ramA detA hai / ina donoM prakAra ke vyaktiyoM ke antara kA kAraNa karma hI hai / eka vyakti ke darzanamohanIya evaM cAritramohanIya karma kA tathA vIryAntarAya karma kA udaya hai, jabaki dUsare ke ina karmoM kA kSayopazama hai / isI prakAra AdhyAtmika jIvana meM aneka prakAra kI cAritrika paryAyoM kA honA karma ke hI adhIna hai| jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya ye cAra Atma-guNaghAtaka (ghAtI) karma manuSyoM ke AdhyAtmika evaM naitika jIvana meM viSamatA, visadRzatA, virUpatA aura vibhinnatA paidA karate haiM / ' nyAyamaMjarIkAra kI dRSTi meM jagat kI vicitratA kA kAraNa : karma nyAyamaMjarIkAra bhI jagat ke prANiyoM kI vicitratA kA kAraNa ( adRSTa) karma ko hI batAte hue kahate haiM- "jagat meM jo bhI vicitratA prANiyoM ke sukhI - duHkhI Adi bheda ko lekara dikhAI detI hai, athavA kRSi tathA naukarI (sevA) Adi samAnarUpa se karane para bhI kisI ko vizeSa lAbha hotA hai aura isake viparIta kisI ko nukasAna uThAnA par3atA hai| kisI ko akasmAt hI sampatti mila jAtI hai aura kisI para baiThe-baiThe hI bijalI gira jAtI hai; kisI ko prayatna kiye binA hI phala kI prApti ho jAtI hai 1 dekhiye - mohanIya karma kA svarUpa bandhakAraNa aura sthiti ko / For Personal & Private Use Only

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134 karma - vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) aura kisI ko prayatna karane para bhI phala nahIM milatA, ye aura aisI hI anya bAteM dRSTa kAraNa se ghaTita honI sambhava nahIM hai, isalie ina saba bAtoM kA koI na koI adRSTa kAraNa mAnanA cAhie / vaha adRSTa kAraNa karma hI hai|"1 bauddhadarzana kI dRSTi meM visadRzatA kA kAraNa : karma sArAMza yaha hai ki saMsAra meM jidhara dRSTi DAlate haiM, udhara hI viSamatA, virUpatA aura vicitratA dikhAI detI hai / tathAgata buddha ke prasiddha ziSya sthavira 'nAgasena' aura rAjA 'milinda' kA praznottara bhI isI tathya kA samarthana karatA hai| milinda nRpa ne pUchA "bhaMte! kyA kAraNa hai, manuSya eka sarIkhe nahIM hote ? koI alpAyu aura koI dIrghAyu hai, koI bahuta rogI hai, to koI nIroga hai, koI kurUpa hai, to koI surUpa-atisundara hai, koI prabhAvazAlI haiM to koI prabhAvahIna hai, koI nirdhana hai to koI dhanavAn hai, koI nIcakula meM janmA hai to koI uccakula meM, tathA koI mUrkha aura koI catura hai ? aisA antara kyoM hai ? "1 sthavira ne pratiprazna kiyA- "mahArAja ! kyA kAraNa hai ki sabhI vanaspatiyA~ eka sI nahIM hotIM ? koI khaTTI, koI namakIna, koI tikta, koI kar3avI, koI kasailI aura koI mIThI kyoM hotI hai ?" milinda - "bhaMte maiM samajhatA hU~ ki bIjoM ke bhinna-bhinna (svabhAvavAle) hone se hI vanaspatiyA~ bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI hotI haiM / " sthavira - "rAjan ! isI prakAra sabhI manuSyoM ke apane-apane karma-bIja bhinna-bhinna (svabhAva vAle) hone se ve sabhI eka se nahIM haiM / " isase phalita hotA hai ki jisa prakAra khaTTI, mIThI, namakIna Adi vanaspatiyoM kI vibhinnatA ke kAraNa ve bIja haiM, jo bhinna-bhinna svabhAva vAle hote haiM, isI prakAra prANi jagat kI sthiti - vibhinnatAoM, viSamatAoM aura visadRzatAoM kA bhI eka bIja hai, jo alaga-alaga svabhAva vAlA hai / usa 1 jagato yacca vaicitryaM sukha - duHkhAdibhedataH / kRSi-sevAdi-sAmye'pi, vilakSaNaphalodayaH // akasmAnnidhilAbhazca vidyutpAtazca kasyacit / kvacitphalamayatne'pi, yatne'pyaphalatA kvacit / tadetad durghaTaM dRSTAtkAraNAt vyabhicAriNaH / tenA'dRSTamupetakarmasya kiMcana kAraNam // - nyAyamaMjarI (uttara bhAga) pR. 42 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva kA mukhya kAraNa : jagatvaicitrya 135 bIja kA nAma hI karma hai / isa karma - bIja ke kAraNa hI jIva kI ye nAnA upAdhiyA~ haiM / sthavira nAgasena ne phira tathAgata buddha ke vacanoM ko prastuta karate hue kahA--"rAjan ! bhagavAn (tathAgata) ne bhI kahA hai ki he mAnava ! sabhI jIva apane-apane karmAnusAra phala bhogate haiM / sabhI jIva apane karmoM ke svayaM mAlika haiM, ve apane karmoM ke anusAra hI nAnA yoniyoM meM utpanna hote haiM / svakRtakarma hI apanA bandhu hai, svakarma hI apanA AdhAra hai / karma se hI jIva ucca-nIca hote haiM / "" jainadRSTi se mAnava-vicitratA kA kAraNa : karma jainakarmazAstrakAra zrI devendrasUri ne spaSTa zabdoM meM isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai ki rAjA-raMka, buddhimAn-mUrkha, surUpa-kurUpa, dhanika-nirdhana, baliSTha - nirbala, rogI nIrogI, tathA bhAgyazAlI - abhAgA, ina saba meM manuSyatva samAnarUpa se hone para bhI jo antara dikhAI detA hai, vaha karma-kRta hai aura vaha karma jIva (AtmA) ke binA honA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai|' 'paMcAdhyAyI' meM bhI isI siddhAnta kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai - "saMsAra meM eka vyakti daridra hai aura eka dhanika hai, yaha karma ke hI kAraNa hai| " 3 prANimAtra kI vibhinnatA kA kAraNa bhI karma kevala manuSyoM kI vibhinnatA hI nahIM, prANimAtra kI vibhinnatA aura viSamatA kA kAraNa karma ko mAne binA koI cArA nahIM hai / pazuoM, pakSiyoM tathA kITa-pataMgoM kI yoniyA~ bhI isa viSamatA se baca nahIM sakI haiN| udAharaNa ke lie- kuttoM ko hI dekhiye / adhikAMza kutte aise haiM, jo peTa bharane ke lie idhara-udhara mAre-mAre phirate haiM, jinake zarIra para khujalI aura ghAva ho rahe haiM, phira bhI becAre mAra khAte hue ghUmate haiM; dUsare aise bhI kutte haiM, jinakA pAlana-poSaNa rAjakumAroM kI taraha hotA hai, ve moTaroM meM baiThe 1 (ka) milinda prazna pR. 80-81 (kha) bhAsitaM yetaM mahArAja ! bhagavatA - "kammassakA mANavasattA, kammadAyAdA, kammayonI, kammabaMdhU, kammapaTisaraNA, kammaM sate vibhajaMti, yadidaM hIna - paNItatA yAti / - miliMda prazna 3/2 2 kSmAbhRd- raMkayormanISi - jaDyoH sadrUpa - nIrUpayoH / zrImad-durgatayorbalAbalavato nIroga - rogArttayoH / saubhAgyA'subhagatva-saMgamajuSostulye'pi nRtve'ntaram / yattat-karma- nibandhanaM, tadapi no jIvaM vinA yuktimat // - karmagrantha prathama, TIkA (devendrasUri kRta ) 3 eko daridra ekohi zrImAniti ca karmaNaH || - paMcAdhyAyI 2 / 5 For Personal & Private Use Only

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136 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) saira karate haiM, jinheM bharapeTa dUdha-roTI milatI hai / bhUtapUrva paTiyAlA nareza ne apane yahA~ kaI kutte pAla rakhe the| unakI sevA ke lie AdamI tainAta kara rakhe the / unako rAjasI ThATha se rakhA jAtA thaa| kaI aMgrejadampatI bhI apane yahA~ kutte pAlate haiM / kaI rAjAoM ko ghor3oM ko uttama DhaMga se pAlane aura prazikSita karane kA zauka thaa| nyAyamaMjarIkAra jayaMtabhaTTa ne pazu-pakSiyoM kI viSamatA karmamUlaka prastuta karate hue kahA hai-"koI-koI cUhe Adi atyanta lobhI hote haiM / ve aharniza padArthoM kA saMgraha karane meM tatpara rahate haiN| tathA kaI kabUtara Adi vizeSa kAmuka hote haiM / yaha vicitratA bhI' adRSTa (kama) kRta hai|"2 jainadharma ke jyotirdhara dArzanika AcArya samantabhadra bhI isI cintana ko prastuta kara rahe haiM-"jIva kI kAma, krodha, sukha-duHkha Adi vividha avasthAe~ apane dvArA baddha karma ke anurUpa hI hotI haiN|" - ataH karma kA astitva siddha karane ke lie ye saba akATya pramANa evaM tarka hI paryApta haiN| jAgatika raMgamaMca para vibhinna jIvoM ke dvArA vicitra karmakRta abhinaya niSkarSa yaha hai ki tAttvika dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAe to yaha jagat eka raMgamaMca ke samAna pratIta hogaa| yahA~ jIva (AtmAe~) vividha citra-vicitra veza dhAraNa karake nATaka khelate haiM, apanA abhinaya dikhAte haiM, tathA apanA-apanA pArTa adA karate haiM / apanA-apanA khela dikhAne ke pazcAt ve veSa badalate haiM / "jo kucha khelA jA rahA hai, vaha hamAre sAmane hai| parantu saba kucha sAmane (pratyakSa) nahIM hai / kucha parde ke pIche hai / sAmane jo kucha ho rahA hai, vaha bhI citra-vicitra hai / parde ke pIche pRSThabhUmi meM jo abhinaya ho rahA hai, vaha bar3A vicitra hai / " . ".....karma eka aisA abhinetA hai, jo parde ke pIche nirantara abhinaya kara rahA hai / sote-jAgate, dina aura rAta meM, vaha nirantara kriyAzIla rahatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bAra-bAra veSa-parivartana aura abhinaya-parivartana karma-vipAka ke anusAra huA karatA hai / prAyaH sabhI Astika darzana aura vizeSataH jainadarzana isa tathya se sahamata haiM / prasiddha pAzcAtya nATakakAra 2 1 karmagrantha paMcama (prastAvanA) (paM. kailAzacandrajI siddhAntazAstrI) tathA ca kecijjAyante lobhamAtra-parAyaNAH / dravya-saMgrahaNaikAgramanaso mUSikAdayaH / manobhAvamayAH kecit santi pArAvatAdayaH // -nyAyamaMjarI pR. 42 3 kAmAdi prabhavazcittaM karmabandhAnurUpatAH / -AptamImAMsA 4 (ka) mahAbandho bhA. 1 prastAvanA (paM. sumerucandra divAkara) pR. 55 (kha) karmavAda (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) pR. 157, 161 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva kA mukhya kAraNa : jagatvaicitrya. 137 zaiksapiyara ne bhI apane nATaka 'eja yu lAika iTa' meM isI tathya kA samarthana kiyA hai| isa prakAra vizva ke prANiyoM (jIvoM) kA vaicitrya karmakRta siddha hotA hai| vizvavaicitrya IzvarakRta siddha nahIM hotA ___ kaI loga vizvavaicitrya ko karmakRta svIkAra karate hue bhI kahate haiM ki AtmA (jIva) ajJa hai, anAtha hai, isalie samasta jIvoM (AtmAoM) ke sukha-duHkha, svarga-narakAdi evaM gamanAgamana saba IzvarakRta haiN| Izvara hI jagat ke vaicitrya kA kartA, dhartA, hartA hai / vaidika saMskRti ke mUrdhanya grantha mahAbhArata meM bhI isI tathya kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH IzvarakartRtvavAdI jitane bhI darzana yA IsAI, islAma Adi majahaba haiM, ve saba Izvara ko kendrabindu mAnakara calate haiN| ve mAnate haiM ki jIva kI pratyeka kriyA yA pravRtti kA niyAmaka Izvara hai| usakI icchA yA preraNA ke binA eka pattA bhI nahIM hila sktaa| AptaparIkSA meM isakA nirAkaraNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki yaha bhAvasaMsAra kAma, krodha, ajJAna, mohAdirUpa vibhinna svabhAvavAlA hai, usake sukha-dukhAdi sadkArya meM vicitratA dRSTigocara hotI hai| ataH bhinna svabhAva vAle padArtha yA jagat eka svabhAva (zuddha Atma-svabhAva) vAle Izrvara se utpanna nahIM ho skte| jisa vastu ke All the world's a stage; And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts.---'As You Like It'Act II, Scene VII 2 (ka) aNNANI hu aNAho appA tassa ya suhaM ca dukkhaM c| saggaM niraya gamaNaM savva IsarakayaM hodi|-gommttsaar (karmakANDa) zlo. 800 (kha)- ajJo janturanIzo'yamAtmanaH sukh-duHkhyoH| Izvaraprerito gacchet svarga vA zvabhrameva vaa|-mhaabhaart vanaparva 30/28 (ga) karmavAda : eka adhyayana, pR. 3 3 (ka) aSTasahasrI pR. 268-273 ... (kha) naikasvabhAvezvarakAraNakRtaM (bhuvanAdi) vicitrkaarytvaat| -AptaparIkSA 9/51-68 (ga) "saMsAro'yaM naikasvabhAvezvarakRtaH, tatkArya-sukhaduHkhAdi vaicitryaat| - nahi kAraNasyaikarUpatve kArya-nAnAtvaM yukta shaalibiijvt|" - aSTazatI (gha) isa sambandha meM vizada carcA ke liye dekhiye-tattvArthazlokavArtika, syAdvAdamaMjarI, prameyaMkamalamArtaNDa, ratnAkarAvatArikA Adi grnth| For Personal & Private Use Only

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138 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) kArya meM vicitratA pAI jAtI hai, usakA kAraNa eka svabhAva - viziSTa nahIM hotA / jaise- aneka dhAnya - aMkurAdirUpa vicitra kArya, aneka zAlibIjAdi se utpanna hote haiM, usI prakAra sukha - duHkhAdi viziSTa vicitra kAryarUpa jagat eka svabhAva vAle Izvara ke dvArA kRta nahIM ho sktaa| Azaya yaha hai ki eka svabhAva vAlA Izvara kSetra, kAla tathA svabhAva kI apekSA bhinna zarIra, indriya tathA jagat Adi kA kartA siddha nahIM hotaa| yadi kaheM ki yathAvasara Izvara ko vaisI icchA utpanna ho jAtI hai, jo (jagat ko) vibhinna kAryoM ko utpanna karatA hai; taba yA to sAre jagat meM eka hI prakAra kA kArya hotA rahegA, yA phira icchA ke sthAna se atirikta anya sthAnoM meM kArya kA abhAva hI ho jaaegaa| ataH yaha jagat vaicitrya IzvarakRta nahIM, sva-svakarmakRta hai| gItA meM bhI kahA hai - Izvara jagat ke kartRtva, aura karmoM kA sRjana tathA karmaphala- saMyoga nahIM karatA, jagat apane-apane svabhAva tathA karmAnusAra pravartamAna hai / " 1 na kartRtvaM na karmANi lokasya sRjati prabhuH / na karmaphala-saMyogaM svabhAvastu pravartate // - bhagavadgItA a. 5 zlo. 14 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vilakSaNatAoM kA mUla kAraNa : karmabandha 139 (da) vilakSaNatAoM kA mUla kAraNa : karmabaMdha vilakSaNatA ke sambandha meM jaiva-vaijJAnika mAnyatA "AtmA kI avicchinnatA eka sacAI hai| navInatama vaijJAnika anveSaNoM kA bhI niSkarSa yahI hai ki jIvana kI nirantaratA to hai hI; kintu jaiva-vaijJAnika yaha mAnate haiM ki jIvana UrjA kA rUpAntaraNa hotA rahatA hai| unakI mAnyatAnusAra jIvana - kozikAe~ aura mastiSka ke vibhinna cetana - prakoSTha prANI kI mRtyu ke pazcAt idhara-udhara bikhara jAte haiN| ve bhUmi, jala, vanaspatiyoM Adi meM samAhita ho jAte haiM aura bAda meM ve AhAra ke mAdhyama se prANiyoM ke bhItara rasa, rakta, majjA Adi dhAtuoM meM ghula-milakara unakI santati meM 'selsa', 'jInsa', proToplAjma Adi ke rUpa meM sakriya rahate haiN|" pUrvajanma - smRti bhI unakI dRSTi meM AtmA kI avicchinnatA nahIM aneka vyaktiyoM dvArA pUrvajanma kI smRtiyoM ke prAmANika vivaraNa milane ke bAda jaiva-vaijJAnika usakA vizleSaNa isI rUpa meM karate haiM ki ina vyaktiyoM ke pUrvavartI kisI mRta prANI ke cetana prakoSTha yA proToplAjma kA koI aMza garbha sthiti meM inake nirmANakAla meM ghAsapAta yA per3a-paudhoM meM mila gayA, vahI aMza AhAra dvArA manuSya zarIra meM pahu~cA hai, aura saMtAna meM abhivyakta huA hai| ye vaijJAnika abhI yaha nahIM mAnate ki pUrvavartI vyakti kA sampUrNa manojagat yA AtmA se jur3e samasta (karma) saMskAra naye zarIra meM usI purAnI AtmA ke sAtha svAbhAvika rUpa se A gaye haiM / pUrvajanma kI prAmANika punaH prastuti mAtra unakI dRSTi meM usI AtmA dvArA nayA zarIra dhAraNa karane kA yatheSTa pramANa nahIM hai| jaiva-vaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi meM vilakSaNatA kA kAraNa AnuvaMzikatA jaiva-vaijJAnikoM kI isa parikalpanA ko yathArtha mAnA jAe taba to yaha siddha hotA hai, kisI bhI naI saMtAna ke vyaktitva nirmANa meM AnuvaMzika 1 akhaNDa jyoti julAI 1979 pR. 9 se sAbhAra sArAMza uddhRta 2 vahI, julAI 1979 pR. 9 For Personal & Private Use Only

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140 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) vizeSatAe~ hI sarvapradhAna kAraNa hotI haiM, kucha chuTa-puTa naI vizeSatAe~ proToplAjma Adi ke rUpa meM avazya santAna meM praviSTa ho sakatI haiN| kintu . inakA mantavya hai ki usa prANI kA sampUrNa vyaktitva AnuvaMzika vizeSatAoM (guNoM) ke saMvAhaka 'jInsa' se hI gaThita hotA hai, usake guNadharma, svabhAva Adi kA nirmANa ye vaMzAnugata 'jInsa' hI karate haiN|' jaiva-vaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi meM vilakSaNatA ke AdhAra jInsa jaiva-vijJAna ne vaiyaktika vilakSaNatAoM kA AdhAra jInsa ko mAnA hai| usakA vizleSaNa isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai-jIvavijJAna zArIrika evaM mAnasika vilakSaNatAoM tathA vaiyaktika vibhinnatAoM kI vyAkhyA AnuvaMzikatA (Heredity) aura pariveza (Environment - vAtAvaraNa) ke AdhAra para karatA hai| usakA mantavya hai ki jIvana kA prArambha mAtA ke Dimba aura pitA ke zukrANu se hotA hai| vyakti ke AnuvaMzika guNoM kA nizcaya 'kromosoma ke dvArA hotA hai| 'kromosoma' aneka 'jInoM kA samuccaya hai| eka 'kromosoma' meM lagabhaga hajAra 'jIna' mAne jAte haiN| ye 'jIna' hI mAtA-pitA ke AnuvaMzika guNoM ke saMvAhaka hote haiN| vyakti-vyakti meM jo bheda dikhAI detA hai, vaha 'jIna' ke dvArA kiyA huA hai| pratyeka viziSTa guNa ke liye viziSTa prakAra kA 'jIna' hotA hai| inhIM meM nihita hotI hai-vyakti ke zArIrika aura mAnasika vikAsa kI kSamatAe~ (Potentialities) / vyakti meM aisI koI vilakSaNatA prakaTa nahIM hotI, jisakI kSamatA usake 'jIna' meM na ho,"2 isa dRSTi se vyakti-vyakti meM pAI jAne vAlI vilakSaNatA yA vibhinnatA kA AdhAra jaiva-vaijJAnika 'jIna' kI kSamatA ko mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki mAtA-pitA ke AhAra-vihAra kA, vicAra-vyavahAra kA aura zArIrika-mAnasika avasthAoM tathA vAtAvaraNa kA prabhAva garbhAvasthA se hI bAlaka para par3ane lagatA hai|' 1 akhaNDa jyoti, julAI 1979 pR. 9 2 (ka) karmavAda (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) (kha) karma kI vicitratA : manovijJAna ke saMdarbha meM (ratanalAla jaina) 3 (ka) zramaNopAsaka 10 agasta 79 ke aMka meM prakAzita ratanalAlajI jaina ke, 'karma kI vicitratA : manovijJAna ke sandarbha meM,' lekha se sArAMza : pR. 35 (kha) Human Anatomy and Physiology [Edited By David A. Myshne] (ga) manovijJAna aura zikSA (DaoN. sarayUprasAda caube) pR. 161 saMskaraNa san 1960 4 karma granya bhAga 1, prastAvanA (sampAdaka-paM. sukhalAlajI saMghavI) pR. 32 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vilakSaNatAoM kA mUla kAraNa : karmabandha kucha manovaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi meM vilakSaNatA kA kAraNa : maulika preraNAe~ kucha manovaijJAnika zArIrika aura mAnasika vilakSaNatAoM tathA vaiyaktika vibhinnatAoM kA kAraNa maulika preraNAoM (Primary motives) ko mAnate haiN| unakA mantavya yaha hai ki "mUla preraNAe~ sabameM hotI haiM, kintu kisI meM koI eka mukhya hotI hai, kisI meM koI duusrii| adhigama kSamatA (Leaming Capacity) bhI sabameM hotI hai, kisI meM adhika hotI hai, kisI meM km|"1 parantu inase pUrNatayA manaHsamAdhAna nahIM hotA kintu AnuvaMzikatA, pariveza yA jInoM kI kSamatA kI nyUnAdhikatA ko athavA mUlapreraNAoM kI gauNatA mukhyatA ko zArIrika-mAnasika vilakSaNatAoM yA vaiyaktika vizeSatAoM kA kAraNa batAne mAtra se pUrNa tathA manaHsamAdhAna nahIM hotA / vilakSaNatA kA sambandha 'jIvana' se nahIM, 'jIva' se hai antatogatvA yahI prazna uThatA hai ki amuka vyakti ko aisI hI preraNA, aisI hI AnuvaMzikatA, athavA jInoM kI kSamatA meM aisI hI nyUnAdhikatA kyoM prApta huI ? eka hI vaMza paramparA ke eka sAtha hone vAle bAlakoM meM jo antara pAyA jAtA hai, unake svabhAva meM, unakI yogyatA aura bauddhika kSamatA meM jo nyUnAdhikatA pAI jAtI hai, usakA saMtoSajanaka samAdhAna na to AnuvaMzikatA se hotA hai, aura na hI manovijJAnamAnya mUla preraNA se yA pariveza (vAtAvaraNa) se hotA hai| 141 ucita manaHsamAdhAna na hone kA eka viziSTa kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki manovijJAnagata jaivavijJAna dvArA mAnya AnuvaMzikatA jIna siddhAnta yA mUla preraNAoM kA sambandha 'jIvana' se hai, 'jIva' se nhiiN| jabaki karma kA sambandha 'jIva' se hai, jIva ke aneka janmoM ke saMcita karma se hai| manovijJAna meM abhI taka 'jIvana' aura 'jIva' kA bheda spaSTa nahIM hai kintu karmavijJAna meM jIvana aura jIva kA bheda spaSTa hai| manovijJAna AnuvaMzikatA, athavA 'jIna' yA pariveza kA sambandha ihalaukika 'jIvana' se jor3atA hai, arthAt - isa janma ke prArambhika jIvana se jor3atA hai, aura usI kAraNa se vaiyaktika vibhinnatA aura vilakSaNatA batAtA hai|' 1 'karma kI vicitratA : manovijJAna ke sandarbha meM, lekha se sAMrAza pR. 35-37 2 (ka) vahI, (lekhaka - zrI ratanalAla jaina ) se sAMrAza pR. 38 (kha) karmavAda (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) For Personal & Private Use Only

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142 karma - vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) vilakSaNatAoM kA mUla kAraNa aneka janma saMcita karma hI yadyapi jainAgamoM meM jIvana kA prArambha (garbha meM Agamana) mAtA-pitA ke raja aura vIrya ke saMyoga se hI mAnA gayA hai| tathA bAlaka ke 'jIvana' se sambaddha zarIra aura usake aMgopAMga bhI mAtA aura pitA donoM ke hote haiN| tathA mAtA kI rasa- - haraNI nAr3I ke dvArA garbhastha jIva ko AhArAdi milatA hai, jo usake jIvana ko puSTa karatA hai|' isalie karmazAstrIya dRSTi se jIva ke jIvana kA prArambha bhale hI manovijJAna se sammata hai, kintu prANiyoM kI vilakSaNatAoM yA vibhinnatAoM kA samAdhAna ihajIvana se yA AnuvaMzikatA se nahIM ho sktaa| isakA samAdhAna jIva ke sAtha pravahamAna pUrvajanmakRta karma-saMcaya se hI ho sakatA hai| arthAt jIva ke aneka janmoM se saMcita yA kRtakarmoM ke hI pariNAmasvarUpa vyakti-vyakti meM bhinnatA yA vilakSaNatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| jIvana ke prArambha aura jIva ke prArambha meM antara Azaya yaha hai ki 'jIvana' kA prArambha mAtA-pitA ke raja-vIrya - saMyoga Adi se ho sakatA hai, kintu jIva kA prArambha yAnI usako jo yogyatA, vilakSaNatA, yA dUsare prANiyoM se bhinnatA prApta hotI hai, usakA prArambha mAtA-pitA se yA AnuvaMzika athavA pArivezika nahIM hotaa| jIvoM meM jo vilakSaNatAe~ haiM, vibhinnatAe~ haiM, unakI AkRti - prakRti, DIla-Daula, sundaratA-asundaratA, lambApana - baunApana Adi jo vibhinnatAe~ haiM, unake mUla kAraNa na to mAtA-pitA ho sakate haiM na ve AnuvaMzika yA pArivezika ho sakatI haiM / na hI mUlabhUta tathArUpa preraNAe~ jIvoM kI vilakSaNatAoM kA kAraNa ho sakatI haiM, apitu usa usa jIva kI janma-janmAntarakRta nAmakarma - prakRtiyA~ hI unakA mUla kAraNa ho sakatI haiN| 'jIna' kevala sthUla zarIra kA ghaTaka, karma sUkSmatara kArmaNazarIra kA dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki manovaijJAnika yA jaivavaijJAnika vizva ke prANiyoM meM pAI jAne vAlI taratamatA yA viSamatA kA kAraNa 'jIna' ko mAnate haiN| unakI mAnyatA hai ki jaisA 'jIna' yA guNasUtra hotA hai, vaisA hI 1 (ka) bhagavatI sUtra (kha) sthAnAMgasUtra, ThANA 3 2 (ka) zramaNopAsaka (karma kI vicitratA : manovijJAna ke sandarbha meM) se pR. 37 (kha) dekheM, prathama karmagrantha meM nAma karma kI prakRtiyoM kI vyAkhyA / (ga) gadi Adi jIvabheda, dehAdI poggalANa bhedaM ca / gadiyaMtara pariNamanaM, karedi NAmaM aNegavihaM / gommaTasAra, karmakANDa gA. 12 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vilakSaNatAoM kA mUla kAraNa : karmabandha 143 AdamI kA svabhAva aura vyavahAra ho jAtA hai| 'jIna' hI samasta saMskAra sUtroM aura vibhedoM kA mUla kAraNa hai| parantu 'jIna' to kevala isa sthUla zarIra kA hI ghaTaka hai, isa sthUla (audArika) zarIra ke bhItara tejasa zarIra (vidyutIya zarIra) hai, jo usase sUkSma hai aura isase bhI sUkSma zarIra aura haikaarmnnshriir| isalie 'jIna' jIva ke vartamAna jIvana ke sthUla zarIra kI vicitratA kA samAdhAna kara pAtA hai| atIta se jur3e hue kArmaNazarIra meM aneka janmoM se saMcita karmoM para se hI vyakti-vyakti kI vilakSaNatAoM kA vAstavika samAdhAna ho pAtA hai| jaivika vizeSatAoM ke lie viziSTa 'karma' hI uttaradAyI hai| granthiyoM kA srAva jIvoM kI vilakSaNatA kA mUla kAraNa nahIM . zarIravijJAna zarIra meM avasthita granthiyoM ke srAva ko manuSya kI vilakSaNatAoM kA AdhAra mAnatA hai| zarIravijJAnazAstrI 'hArmonsa' ko "sikrIzana oNpha gleNDsa" (granthiyoM kA srAva) kahate haiN| granthiyoM ke srAva kI mAtrA meM nyUnAdhikatA ko ve vilakSaNatA kA kAraNa mAnate haiN| parantu granthiyoM ke srAva kA siddhAnta bhI to isa sthUla zarIra kA hI vizleSaNa karatA hai| vaha sUkSma aura sUkSmatara zarIra taka nahIM pahu~catA, jo jIva ke sAtha aneka janmoM se cale A rahe haiN| ataH granthiyoM kA srAva (hArmonsa) aisA hI kyoM ? eka samAna kyoM nahIM ? isakA uttara zarIravijJAna ke pAsa nahIM, karmavijJAna hI isakA yathArtha samAdhAna karatA hai| jIva ke pUrvakRta karmoM ke anusAra hI granthiyoM ke srAva hote haiN| kArmaNazarIra meM karmavargaNA ke ekaeka skandha para ananta-ananta karmalipiyA~ aMkita hai, ataH vilakSaNatAoM kA mUla kAraNa karma hI siddha hotA hai| vilakSaNatA kA mUla kAraNa zarIravijJAnamAnya saMskAra sUtra nahIM, karmaparamANu hI .. vartamAna zarIravijJAna 'jIna' ko zarIra kA mahatvapUrNa ghaTaka mAnatA hai| vaha. mAnatA hai ki sthUla zarIra meM kharaboM kozikAe~ (Biological cells) haiN| una kozikAoM meM guNasUtra hote haiN| pratyeka guNasUtra dasa hajAra jInoM se banatA hai / ye sAre 'jIna' atIva sUkSma saMskArasUtra haiM, jinase eka kromosoma' banatA hai| mAnavazarIra meM 46 'kromosoma' hote haiN| parantu 'karmavijJAna-mAnya karma zarIravijJAnamAnya ina kromosoma nAmaka saMskArasUtroM se bhI sUkSmatara hai| usake niyamoM ko samajhanA bahuta hI / zramaNopAsaka (10 agasta 79 meM prakAzita) ratanalAlajI kA lekha pR. 37 / vahI, pR. 37 For Personal & Private Use Only

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144 * karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) kaThina hai| sthUla buddhi se ve niyama samajha meM nahIM A skte| kyoMki 'jIna', AnuvaMzikatA aura rAsAyanika parivartana, ye tInoM siddhAnta sthUla zarIra aura isa jIvana taka hI pahu~ca pAe haiN| Adhunika zarIravijJAna bhI 'jIna' taka hI pahu~ca pAyA hai, jo (jIna) mAnava ke isa janma ke sthUla zarIra kA hI avayava hai, jabaki karma sUkSmatara (kArmaNa) zarIra kA aMga hai| ataH karma isase eka caraNa aura Age hai, kyoMki vaha janma-janmAntara ke karmavargaNA ke paramANuoM kA saMvahana karatA hai| isalie jIvoM kI vaiyaktika vibhinnatAoM aura mAnasika-bauddhika vilakSaNatAoM kA mUla kAraNa karma hI siddha hotA hai| bauddhika aura mAnasika kSetra kI vilakSaNatAe~ karmajanya hI haiM AnuvaMzikI kI ye mAnyatAe~ zArIrika saMracanA ke kSetra meM to prAyaH kharI utaratI rahI haiN| saMtAna kI A~kha, nAka, kAna, dAMta, muMha, deha-yaSTi, aMgopAMga Adi kI banAvaTa to prAyaH vaMzAnugata viziSTatAoM ke kisI na kisI anupAta meM sammizraNa kA pariNAma hotI haiN| kintu buddhi, bhAvanA, svabhAva aura AdatoM Adi ke mAnasika-bauddhika kSetra meM aisI kaI vilakSaNatAe~ santatiyoM meM ubharatI dekhI-pAI aura sunI-par3hI jAtI haiM ki unakA AnuvaMzikI se dUra kA bhI sambandha nahIM siddha ho paataa| bar3I dimAgI jor3a-tor3a ke bAvajUda bhI yaha nahIM spaSTa ho pAtA ki Akhira amuka vyaktiyoM kI amuka saMtAna meM ye bauddhika evaM bhAvanAtmaka vilakSaNatAe~ AI kahA~ se, jo na to usake mAtA-pitA ke vaMza meM thIM, na hI vAtAvaraNa meM ? ve vizeSatAe~ 'proToplAjma' Adi ke aMza kI abhivyakti bhI nahIM mAnI jA sakatIM, kyoMki aise vyaktiyoM meM ye vilakSaNatAe~ AMzika rUpa meM nahIM hotI, apitu unake samagra vyaktitva kA hI vaisA gaThana hotA hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha mAnane ko bAdhya honA par3atA hai ki vyaktitva kI ye vilakSaNatAe~-vizeSatAe~ 'AnuvaMzikI', paryAvaraNa, vAtAvaraNa, yA paryaTanazIla 'proToplAjma' kI kRpA nahIM, balki usI vyakti dvArA pichale janma (yA janmoM) meM arjita-varddhita, saMcita-surakSita (karma saMskAra janita) vizeSatAeM haiM, jo janma se hI usameM ubhara kara AI hai| 1 (ka) karmavAda (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) pR. 165 se sArAza . (kha) zramaNopAsaka 10/8/79 meM prakAzita 'karma kI vicitratA : manovijJAna ke sandarbha meM lekha se sAMrAza pR. 38 2 akhaNDajyoti julAI 1979 pR. 9 se sArAMza sAbhAra uddhRta For Personal & Private Use Only

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vilakSaNatAoM kA mUla kAraNa : karmabandha 145 ina vilakSaNatAoM ke mUla kAraNa AnuvaMzikatA Adi nahIM, pUrvajanma saMcita karma hI hama dekhate-sunate haiM ki bahudhA bAlaka kI yogyatA mAtA-pitA se alaga prakAra kI hotI hai| jo baliSThatA aura vIratA mahArANA pratApa meM thI, vaha unake pUrvajoM yA mAtA-pitA meM nahIM thI / jo prakharabuddhi Izvaracandra vidyAsAgara meM thI, vaha unake pitA meM nahIM thI / hemacandrAcArya kI pratibhA * aura vidyArjana ke kAraNa unake mAtA-pitA nahIM mAne jA sakate, unake guru bhI unakI pratibhA ke mukhya kAraNa nahIM the| zrImatI enIbeseMTa meM jo vilakSaNa zakti thI, vaha unake mAtA-pitA meM nahIM thI, na hI unakI putrI meM thii| aise bhI aneka udAharaNa dekhe jAte haiM ki mAtA-pitA zikSita aura saMskArI the, kintu unakA putra nirakSara bhaTTAcArya rahA / jo udAra svabhAva akabara bAdazAha kA thA, vaisA usake pUrvajoM kA nahIM thaa| jo krUratA aura dharmAndhatA auraMgajeba meM thI, vaha usake pitA aura anya bhAiyoM meM nahIM thI / yahA~ taka dekhA jAtA hai ki jisa bAta meM mAtA-pitA kI ruci bilakula nahIM hotI, usameM unakA bAlaka siddhahasta ho jAtA hai| ina saba vilakSaNatAoM kA kAraNa kevala AnuvaMzikatA yA pAripArzvika vAtAvaraNa yA saMyoga ko nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki eka sAtha janme hue do bAlakoM meM bhI kaI bAra AkRti, prakRti aura kaSAyAdi vikRti meM samAnatA pratIta nahIM hotii| mAtA-pitA kI eka samAna dekhabhAla hone para bhI eka sAdhAraNa hI rahatA hai, dUsarA usase kaI gunA Age bar3ha jAtA hai| eka kA roga se piNDa nahIM chUTatA, jabaki dUsarA bar3e-bar3e pahalavAnoM se hAtha milAtA hai| eka dIrghajIvI banatA hai, jabaki dUsarA saikar3oM prayatna karane para bhI yama kA atithi bana jAtA hai| eka kI icchA saMyata hotI hai, dUsare kI asaMyata / eka sarIkhI paristhiti aura samAna dekhabhAla hote hue bhI aneka vidyArthiyoM meM vicAra aura vyavahAra kI bhinnatA dekhI jAtI hai| yaha pariNAma bAlaka ke pRthak-pRthak jJAna- tantuoM kA bhI ekAntataH nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki bAlaka kA zarIra to mAtA-pitA ke raja-vIrya se banA hotA hai, phira unameM avidyamAna jJAna-tantu bAlaka ke mastiSka meM kahA~ se Ae ? hA~, mAtA-pitA kI jJAnazakti bAlaka meM kahIM-kahIM avatarita hotI haiM, parantu bAlaka ko vaisA suyoga kyoM milA ? bAlaka ke janmajanmAntara-saMcita pUrva karma hI ina sabake mUla kAraNa haiN| ' 1 karmagrantha bhA. 1 prastAvanAM (vivecana - paM. sukhalAlajI) pR. 33 se sArAMza For Personal & Private Use Only

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146 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) bauddhika vilakSaNatA kA pratIka : yahUdI menuhina hama dekhate haiM ki azikSA, ajJAna aura abhAva ke vAtAvaraNa meM bhI medhAvI, vidvAna, saMgItajJa, gaNitajJa Adi bAlaka paidA hote haiN| yahUdI 'menuhina' ke mAtA-pitA Adi meM se koI bhI saMgItakAra nahIM the| pitA skUla ke sAdhAraNa zikSaka the| kintu menuhina meM bacapana se hI saMgIta kI vilakSaNa sAmarthya thii| sirpha 8 varSa kI Ayu meM usane brIthoveva brAhama, bArava jaise mahAnatama saMgItakAroM kI kaThina saMgIta racanAoM ko kuzalatA se prastuta kara logoM ko Azcaryacakita kara diyA thaa| una dinoM use bhArata meM neharU puraskAra se sammAnita kiyA gayA thaa| zreSTha saMgItajJoM aura saMgIta-samIkSakoM ne jaba usakA vAyalina-vAdana sunA to vismayavimugdha ho ge| ToskAnina jaise vizvavikhyAta saMgIta-saMcAlakoM ne use alaukika vAyalina-vAdaka khaaN| vizva ke zIrSastha kalAkAroM, vaijJAnikoM, lekhakoM, rAjanItijJoM aura saMgItazAstriyoM ne eka svara se usakI prazaMsA kii| mahAn vaijJAnika AinsTAina ne usakI vilakSaNa pratibhA dekhakara bhAvAvezavaza AnandAtireka meM Akara use bAhoM meM uThA liyA thaa| tIna varSa ke zizu 'menuhina' kI vAyaliMna-vAdana kI sAmarthya vilakSaNa DhaMga se prakaTa huii| usake mAtA-pitA usake liye nakalI vAyalina khelane ke liye laaye| menuhina ne use bajAyA to usakA saMgIta use acchA nahIM lgaa| usane vaha khilaunA pheMka diyaa| taba mAtA-pitA ne asalI vAyalina lAkara diyaa| use pAte hI vaha bAlaka usI meM lIna rahane lgaa| usakI dakSatA ubhara aaii| taba jAkara cAra varSa kI Ayu meM mAtA-pitA ne use saMgIta-zikSaka se saMgIta zikSA dilAnI zurU kii| usakI vilakSaNa gati-mati, lagana aura pratibhA se saMgIta-zikSaka bhI vismita ho utthtaa| kahane ko to menuhina ne zreSTha saMgIta zikSakoM se saMgIta zikSA grahaNa kI, kintu usake pratyeka zikSaka ne yaha kahA ki 'hamane ise sirpha sikhAyA hI nahIM, isase bahuta kucha sIkhA bhI hai|' - chaha varSa ke 'menuhina' ne senphrAMsisko meM hajAroM zrotAoM ke samakSa eka zreSTha saMgIta-racanA prastuta kii| agale dina amarIkI akhabAra usakI prazaMsA se bhare the| spaSTa hai ki 'menuhina' kI yaha vilakSaNa pratibhA aura kSamatA AnuvaMzika nahIM hai| yaha usake pUrvajanmakRta karmoM ke saMcita saMskAroM kA hI 2 akhaNDajyoti julAI 1979 pR. 10 se sArAMza For Personal & Private Use Only

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vilakSaNatAoM kA mUla kAraNa : karmabandha 147 pratiphala hai, jo isa janma meM binA kisI paitRka saMskAra, vAtAvaraNa evaM bacapana meM zikSaNa-prazikSaNa ke hI svataH sahaja prAdurbhUta kSamatA hai| isa vilakSaNatA kA mUla kAraNa pUrvakRta karma ke sivAya aura kisI ko nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / " syUthiniyana bAlaka meM aneka bhASAjJAna kI vilakSaNatA isI prakAra jisa bAlaka ko mAtA-pitA, vidyAlaya yA anya prAdezika vAtAvaraNa se vibhinna bhASAoM kA jJAna nahIM prApta huA, vaha sahasA vibhinna bhASAoM meM bedhar3aka bolatA hai, yaha vilakSaNatA bhI pUrvakRta zubha karma ke kAraNa hai, isase koI inkAra nahIM kara sakatA / suprasiddha vaijJAnika pro. pharDIneDa vAna nyUTrAiTara ko unake eka sahayogI ne batAyA ki "eka lyUthiniyana bAlaka kisI bhI bhASA kA kitanA hI bar3A vAkya gadya athavA padya meM Apa kaheM, vaha baccA usI bhASA meM arddhavirAma, pUrNavirAma sahita doharA detA hai| yahI nahIM, Apa bolanA prArambha kareM to vaha svayaM bhI vahI zabda usI mor3a yA lacaka ke sAtha isa taraha zabda se zabda milAkara bolatA calA jAtA hai, mAno, use svayaM ko hI vaha pATha kaNThastha ho|" 1 pro. phaeNrDIneDa ne kahA-"sambhava hai, vaha hoThoM kI harakata se uccAraNa pahacAnane meM siddhahasta ho| " ataH unhoMne svayaM usakI jAMca karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| unhoMne usa bacce ko eka kamare meM aura dUsare eka vyakti ko dUsare kamare meM biThAkara use kaI bhASAoM meM lagAtAra badala-badala kara bolane ko khaa| donoM kamaroM se mAika lAkara eka sAmane ke kamare meM rakhe gae jisameM pharDIneDa svayaM baitthe| prayoga prArambha huA to vAkaI meM ve atIva Azcaryacakita raha gae ki yaha baccA eka-do bhASAoM kA jJAtA ho sakatA hai / parantu vaha to kisI ko bhI lAkara khar3A karane para usI kI bhASA doharA detA thaa| isakA artha yaha huA ki binA kisI se zikSaNa-prazikSaNa liye tathA AnuvaMzika paramparA se binA upalabdha kiye hI, usa bAlaka kA zivAvasthA meM hI pratyeka bhASA evaM vidyA meM niSNAta honA / pro. pharDIneDa ko mAnanA par3A ki aisI vilakSaNatA kisI bhI pArthiva bhautika siddhAnta se, AnuvaMzika paramparA se yA proToplAjma se sambhava nahIM hai, yaha vilakSaNa kSamatA bhautika bAyolojI (jaivavijJAna) Adi se bhI alaukika hai| akhaNDa jyoti, julAI 1979 se sAbhAra uddhRta pR. 10 vahI, mArca 1978 se sAbhAra uddhRta pR. 3 akhaNDa jyoti, mArca 1978 ke aMka se sAbhAra uddhRta pR. 4 For Personal & Private Use Only

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148 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) meraTha jile meM 'zAmahama' nAmaka eka choTe-se gA~va meM 'mirajA amIra ahamada' nAmaka pA~ca varSa kA bAlaka kurAna kI AyateM aura rAmAyaNa ke dohe eka bhI galatI ke binA jaldI-jaldI bola jAtA thaa| Azcarya yaha hai ki vaha abhI taka skUla meM nahIM gayA thaa| AsTreliyA meM nau varSa kI umra ke eka bhAratIya lar3ake ne bI. e. pAsa kara liyaa| phira vaha Age par3hane lgaa| sarakAra ne use skaoNlarazipa dene kA nizcaya kiyA hai| vaha phreMca, jarmana Adi kaI bhASAe~ bhI jAnatA hai| ye janmajAta vilakSaNatAe~ pUrvajanmArjita karma ke sivAya aura kisI kAraNa nahIM ho sktii|' aisI vilakSaNatA bhI karma (pUrvakRta kama) ke astitva kI sAkSI hai| : phreDarika gaoNsa kI gaNitIya vilakSaNatA mahAn gaNitajJa jaoNna kArla phreDarika gaoNsa bhI bacapana se hI aisI hI vilakSaNa pratibhA kA dhanI thaa| 30 apraila 1677 ko jarmanI ke brasavika nagara meM janme gaoNsa ke pitA garIba kisAna the| ve choTI-moTI ThekedArI bhI karate the| tIna sAla kI Ayu meM gaoNsa ne majadUroM kA hisAba kara rahe apane pitA kI hisAba se bhUla pakar3a lI, aura use sudhAra bhI dii| nau varSa kI Ayu meM usane kakSA ke adhyApaka ko usa samaya vismita aura camatkRta kara diyA, jaba gaNita kA lambA prazna blaika borDa para likhakara jaise hI adhyApaka rukA, gaoNsa ne usa kaThina prazna kA sahI uttara prastuta kara diyaa| caudaha varSa kI Ayu meM gaoNsa kI gaNitajJa ke rUpa meM prasiddhi phaila gii| brasavika.ke rAjA ne use apane darabAra meM bulaayaa| vahA~ bhI usane apanI gaNitavidyA kI sahaja upalabdhi se sabako Azcaryacakita kara diyaa| 19 varSa kI umra meM usane yUklIDiyana gaNitasUtroM meM eka mUlabhUta saMzodhana prastuta kiyA ki 17 samAna bhujAoM kI AkRti ko parakAra tathA sIdhI rekhAoM dvArA bhI banAyA jA sakatA hai| bAIsa varSa kI Ayu meM usane apanI thIsisa meM-'phaMDAmeMTala thyorama oNpha alajabrA' nAmaka siddhAnta prastuta kiyaa| jisane gaNitIya jagat meM tahalakA macA diyaa| yaha vilakSaNatA bhI pUrvajanma meM uparjita karma ke phala ko pramANita karatI hai| kArlaviTa kI bauddhika vilakSaNatA kA mUla kAraNa : pUrvajanmakRta karma hI jarmanI ke kArlaviTa nAmaka bAlaka ne alpa Ayu meM hI Azcaryajanava bauddhika pragati karane vAle bAlakoM meM apanA kIrtimAna sthApita kiyA hai| 1 bAla jIvana (gujarAtI mAsika patra) disambara 1964 se 2 akhaNDa jyoti, janavarI 1978 ke aMka se sAbhAra uddhRta pR. 8 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vilakSaNatAoM kA mUla kAraNa : karmabandha 149 vaha 9 varSa kI Ayu meM mAdhyamika parIkSA uttIrNa karake 'lipajiMga' vizvavidyAlaya meM praviSTa huaa| aura 14 varSa kI Ayu taka pahu~cane para usane na kevala snAtakottara parIkSA uttIrNa kI, varan vizeSa anumati lekara sAtha hI pI-eca. DI. kI DigrI bhI prApta kara lI / 16 varSa kI Ayu meM usase bhI U~cI ela ela. DI. kI upAdhi arjita kara lI aura unhIM dinoM vaha barlina vizvavidyAlaya meM prophesara bhI niyukta kiyA gyaa| 'nyurona phijiyolaoNjI inTroDakzana' ke lekhaka DaoN. jI. sI. ekilsa ne isa ghaTanA para TippaNI karate hue likhA hai- ye anubhava yaha batAte haiM ki manuSya kA bAlyAvasthA meM upalabdha itanA jJAna janmAntaroM ke (saMcita karma) saMskAroM ke atirikta kyA ho sakatA hai ? " paM. sukhalAlajI ne karmagrantha bhA. 1 kI prastAvanA meM vilakSaNatAoM ke pratIka kaI aitihAsika udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiM, ve bhI pUrvajanma aura karma ke astitva kI sAkSI de rahe haiN| prakAza ke AviSkAraka DaoN. yaMga kI vilakSaNa bauddhika kSamatA `prakAza kI khoja karane vAle DaoN. yaMga do varSa kI Ayu meM pustaka ko bahuta acchI taraha par3ha sakate the / cAra varSa kI Ayu meM ve do daphA bAibala par3ha cuke the| sAta varSa kI Ayu meM unhoMne gaNitazAstra par3hanA prArambha kiyA thaa| aura 13 varSa kI umra meM leTina, hibrU, grIka, phreMca, iTAliyana Adi aneka bhASAe~ sIkha lI thIM / bacapana se hI vilakSaNa prakharabuddhi kA dhanI : rovana hemilTa sara viliyama rovana hemilTa ne tIna varSa kI umra meM hibrU bhASA sIkhanI zurU kI aura sAta varSa kI Ayu meM to isa bhASA meM itanI nipuNatA prApta kara lI ki Dabalina kI TriniTI kaoNleja ke eka phelo ko yaha svIkAra karanA par3A ki "kaoNleja ke phelo- pada ke prArthiyoM meM bhI usake jitanA jJAna nahIM hai|" teraha varSa kI Ayu meM usane kama se kama 13 bhASAoM para adhikAra prApta kara liyA thA / sAhitya kSetra meM kIrtimAna sthApita karane vAlI bAlikA I. san 1892 meM janmI huI eka bAlikA san 1902 meM sirpha 10 varSa kI Ayu meM eka nATaka maNDalI meM sammilita huii| usane usa Ayu meM akhaNDa jyoti, janavarI 1978 ke aMka se sAbhAra pR. 8 prathama karmagrantha prastAvanA. (paM. sukhalAlajI) se sAbhAra pR. 33 For Personal & Private Use Only

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150. karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) kaI nATaka bhI likhe the| usakI mAtA ke kathanAnusAra vaha 5 varSa kI vaya meM kaI choTI-moTI kavitAe~ likha letI thii| usake dvArA likhI huI kucha kavitAe~ mahArAnI vikToriyA ke pAsa thiiN| usa samaya usa bAlikA kA iMgliza bhASA kA jJAna bhI Azcaryajanaka thaa| vaha kahatI thI-"maiM aMgrejI paDhI nahIM hU~, kintu use jAnatI jarUra huuN|" ina vilakSaNatAoM kA mUla kAraNa : AnuvaMzikatA Adi nahIM ye aura isa prakAra ke kaI vilakSaNa bAlaka Aye dina dekhane ko milate haiM, jo calate-phirate jJAnakoza haiM, adbhuta smaraNa zakti ke dhanI haiN| ina saMbaM vilakSaNatAoM para vicAra karane se spaSTa jJAta ho jAtA hai ki isa janma meM dekhI jAne vAlI ye saba vilakSaNatAe~ na to vartamAna janma kI kRti (karaNI) kA hI phala haiM, aura na mAtA-pitA ke AnuvaMzika saMskAroM kA pariNAma haiM, aura na hI vAtAvaraNa yA paristhiti meM kisI vidyamAna vizeSatA kA hI yaha pariNAma hai| vajrasvAmI ko prakhara zAstrIya jJAna : pUrvajanmakRta karma kA pariNAma AcArya vajrasvAmI jaba choTe-se zizu the, ve pUrvajanma ke saMskAravaza mAtA ke pAsa na rahakara AcAryazrI ke pAsa virakta banakara A gaye the| abhI unakI munidIkSA nahIM huI thii| eka zrAvikA unakA pAlana-poSaNa karatI thii| vaha zrAvikA jaba bAlaka vajra ko sAdhviyoM ke pAsa le jAtI, vahA~ sAdhviyA~ usa samaya jo zAstroM kA svAdhyAya evaM adhyayana-adhyApana karatI thI, use pAlane meM leTe-leTe vajrakumAra sunate rahate the| isa samaya kA grahaNa kiyA zAstrajJAna unhoMne apanI prakharabuddhi se tathA padAnusAriNIlabdhi se itanA pallavita kiyA ki bAda meM alpavaya meM dIkSita hone para evaM guru se zAstravAcanA na lene para bhI ve zAstroM kI vistRta vyAkhyA karane lge| yahA~ taka ki gurujI kI anupasthiti meM ve hI anya saba sAthI sAdhuoM ko zAstra kI vAcanA de dete the| vajrasvAmI ko itane vizAlajJAna kI upalabdhi AnuvaMzika yA pAripArzvika vAtAvaraNajanya nahIM thI kintu pUrvajanmakRta karma ke kSayopazama ke kAraNa huI thii| ye svabhAvagata evaM bhAvanAtmaka vilakSaNatAe~ bhI karmakRta haiM, AnuvaMzika nahIM bauddhika vilakSaNatAoM ke atirikta aisI bhI svabhAvagata, evaM . bhAvanAtmaka vilakSaNatAe~ dekhane meM AtI haiM, jo una bAlakoM ke mAtA-pitA .1 prathama karmagranya prastAvanA (paM. sukhalAla jI) pR. 34 / 2. jaina jagata ke jyotirdhara AcArya-(upAcArya devendramuni) For Personal & Private Use Only

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vilakSaNatAoM kA mUla kAraNa : karmabandha 151 meM bhI nahIM thIM, na hI vAtAvaraNa yA kula ke saMskAra unheM prApta hue the| jisa deza, samAja aura parivAra meM cAroM ora mAMsAhAra eka sAmAnya AhAra ke rUpa meM pracalana ho, vahA~ kisI abodha bAlaka dvArA mAMsa ko chUne se bhI asvIkAra kara denA tathA sAtvika zAkAhArI bhojana paMsada karanA, pUrvajanmakRta karma ke saMskAroM ke kAraNa hai, jo karma aura AtmA astitva ko spaSTa: siddha karate haiN| jArja barnArDa zaoN ke kula meM sabhI mAMsAhArI the| unake samAja meM bhI mAMsAhAra kA pracalana thA, pAripArzvika vAtAvaraNa meM bhI mAMsAhAra kA daura calatA thA kintu ve bacapana se zAkAhArI rhe| unhoMne mAMsa ko chuA taka nhiiN|' isI prakAra zreSTha paramparAoM aura utkRSTa vAtAvaraNa vAle parivAroM meM durguNI-durAcArI saMtati kA janma lenA, tathA dezabhakta parivAroM meM vidrohI evaM durAcArarata parivAroM meM sajjana-sAdhu vyaktiyoM kA janma lenA, tathA krUratA ke vAtAvaraNa meM janma lene vAle bAlaka meM janma se hI athAha karuNA kI pravRtti kA pAyA jAnA Adi aneka vilakSaNatAe~ dekhane-sunane meM AtI haiM, jo AnuvaMzikI sambandhI, athavA jIvAtmA ke maraNoparAnta paMcabhUtoM ke bikhara jAne sambandhI mAnyatAoM ko khaNDita karatI haiN| isa prakAra kI vilakSaNa ghaTanAe~ usI AtmA dvArA pUrvajanma meM upArjita karma ke anusAra nayA janma-nayA zarIra dhAraNa karane kI puSTi karatI haiN| ___ ilAyacIkumAra zreSThIputra thaa| vaha acche dharma-saMskArI kula meM janmA thaa| mAtA-pitA Adi kisI kI bhI ruci yA bhAvanA nATyakalA kI ora nahIM thii| kintu ilAyacIkumAra kA naTakanyA ke rUpa-lAvaNya ko dekhakara sahasA usa para mohita ho jAnA aura nATyakalA meM pravINatA prApta kara lenA, saMskAroM kI dRSTi se vaMzAnukrama evaM vAtAvaraNa se bhinna hI hai|' vastutaH yaha mohodreka pUrvajanmakRta karma kA phala thaa| ... zivAjI caritravAn, vIra aura dezabhakta the, jabaki unake putra prAmbhAjI duzcaritra, kAyara, zarAbI aura vidrohI siddha hue| . buddhi, svabhAva, bhAvanA aura guNoM kI ye vilakSaNatAe~ jo AnuvaMzikatA tathA paryAvaraNa (proToplAjma) ke prabhAvoM se sarvathA bhinna hotI 1 . akhaNDajyoti, julAI 1979 ke lekha se sAbhAra uddhRta aMza 2. vahI, julAI 79 se 3. jainakathAkoSa (muni zrI chatramalajI) se For Personal & Private Use Only

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152 . karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) haiN| ve sambaddha vyakti ke svataH pUrvajanmArjita karmajanya saMskAroM kA hI pariNAma mAnI jA sakatI haiN| pUrvajanmArjita karma hI janmajAta vilakSaNatA ke mUla kAraNa - aba to parAmanovaijJAnikoM ke prayatna se kinhIM-kinhIM vyaktiyoM meM aisI janmajAta vizeSatAe~ dikhAI par3atI haiM, jinheM dekhakara Azcaryacakita ho jAnA par3atA hai| bar3e-bar3e vicAraka bhI una vilakSaNatAoM kA kAraNa spaSTataH nahIM jAna ske| pUrvajanma ke siddhAnta ko mAnane se yaha gutthI sahaja hI sulajha jAtI hai| antatogatvA yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki isa janmajAta vilakSaNatA ke mUla kAraNa usa jIva dvArA pUrvajanmoM meM saMcita yA arjita karma hI haiN| mAnavIya guNoM meM vikAsa kI janmajAta vibhinnatA paitRka nahIM vikAsavAda ke samarthakoM ne mAnavIya guNa evaM pravRttiyoM ke AdhAra taka kI hI vyAkhyA kI hai, aura vaha bhI isa janma ko lekara hii| mAnavetara prANiyoM kI vilakSaNatAoM aura vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra kA koI ullekha unhoMne nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne mAnavIya guNoM aura pravRttiyoM kA AdhAra paitRka mAnA hai| vikAsavAda ke mUla AviSkAraka DArvina ne mAnavIya vizeSatAoM kI vivecanA paitRka guNoM ke AdhAra para karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| arthAt baccA apane mAtA-pitA se apanI mUla vizeSatAoM ke anurUpa kucha viziSTa guNoM ko prApta karatA hai| kintu yaha tathya eka sImA taka hI sahI hai| sampUrNa vizeSatAoM kA AdhAra paitRka mAnanA sahI nahIM hai| aneka baccoM meM janmajAta aisI vizeSatAe~ hotI haiM, jo unake mAtA-pitA meM nahIM thiiN| vaijJAnika ina vizeSatAoM ke kAraNoM kI khoja pitA-pitAmaha se lekara aneka pIr3hiyoM taka kI karate haiM; kintu khoja karane para bhI ina pIr3hiyoM meM koI aisI vizeSatA nahIM milatI, jo usa bAlaka meM thii| ataH isa prakAra ke vizleSaNa se nirAzA hI unake hAtha lagatI hai| vastutaH baccoM meM ve guNa maulika hote haiM, jinheM ve janma-janmAntara ke apane karmajanya saMskAroM ke rUpa meM sAtha lAte haiN| paitRka guNoM ke AdhAra para vyAkhyA karane se vaijJAnikoM ko prAyaH asaphalatA hI milatI hai| unheM vAstavikatA mAlUma ho jAtI hai ki usa bacce kI paitRka-pIr3hiyoM meM koI bhI ina guNoM se yukta nahIM thaa| tathya yaha hai ki pratyeka jIva apane-apane pUrvakRta karmAnusAra apanI maulika kSamatA, vizeSatA aura vilakSaNatA lekara yahA~ AtA hai|' 1 akhaNDa jyoti sitambara 1979 meM prakAzita lekha ke AdhAra para sAra-saMkSepa For Personal & Private Use Only

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vilakSaNatAoM kA mUla kAraNa : karmabandha 153 yadi paitRkaguNa hI saMtAna ke guNoM ke AdhAra hote to, eka hI paristhiti meM paidA hone vAle, samAna suvidhA prApta bAlaka, yahA~ taka ki eka hI pitA ke putra itane asamAna yA bhinna kyoM dikhAI dete haiM? yaha asamAnatA unakI maulika vizeSatA, kSamatA evaM yogyatAoM meM bhinnatA ko lekara hotI hai| eka unhIM paristhitiyoM aura asuvidhAoM meM bhI vidvAna, vicakSaNa, yogya, pratibhAzAlI bana jAtA hai, jabaki dUsarA dayanIya avasthA meM hI par3A rahatA hai| yaha pUrvajanmoM meM kRta karmoM dvArA upArjita sUkSma kSamatA yA saMskAroM kI hI vizeSatA hai, jo eka ko vikAsa kI ucca avasthA meM pahu~cA detI hai, jabaki dUsare ko avikasita sthiti meM par3A rahane detI hai| vikAsa kI yaha pArasparika bhinnatA isa bAta kI pramANa hai ki pratyeka vyakti apane sAtha pUrvajanmoM kI kucha maulika vizeSatAe~ apane sAtha bIja rUpa meM lekara AtA hai / ' isase janma-janmAMtara-kRta karmoM kA astitva tathA AtmA kA avinAzitva siddha hotA hai| mAnavetara prANiyoM meM vilakSaNatAe~ karma ko mUla kAraNa mAnane para hI siddha hotI haiN| karmavijJAna ne to pUrvajanmakRta karmoM ke kAraNa mAnavIya guNoM meM hI nahIM, mAnavetara prANiyoM, yahA~ taka ki vRkSa-vanaspatiyoM meM bhI vizeSatAe~ evaM vilakSaNatAe~ pramANita kI haiN| sunA hai, bIkAneranareza gaMgAsiMha jI ke yahA~ do baila aise the, jinameM se eka baila gyArasa ke roja aura eka bArasa ke roja bilakula nahIM khAtA thaa| una donoM ke nAma kramazaH gyArasiyA aura bArasiyA rakhe hue the| mahArANA pratApa ke cetaka ghor3e kI svAmibhakti itihAsa prasiddha hai / isI prakAra lohAvaTa (phalaudI jile) meM eka aisA kuttA thA, jo aSTamI ko bilakula nahIM khAtA thaa| kaI-kaI kutte bar3e svAmibhakta aura vilakSaNa hote haiM jo apane mAlika ke lie prANa taka de dete haiN| eka aMgreja ne to apane svAmibhakta kutte ke marane para usakI zavayAtrA nikAlI thI, aura sammAnapUrvaka daphanA kara usa jagaha para usakI samAdhi banavA dI thii| eka videzI dhanADhya ne apane marane ke bAda apanI sArI sampatti kutte ke nAma se vasIyata kara dI thii| ise pUrvajanmakRta karmoM kA hI phala mAnanA par3atA hai| kaI pazuoM ke svabhAva meM itanA vilakSaNa parivartana A jAtA hai, usase aisA pratIta hone 1 akhaNDa jyoti, sitambara 1979 ke 'gatizIla jIvana pravAha' lekha se sAra saMkSepa pR. 18 2 'A~khoM se dekhI, kAnoM se sunI' pustaka se sAra-saMkSepa For Personal & Private Use Only

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154 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) lagatA hai jaise manuSyoM jaisA AcaraNa karane vAlA yaha pazu pUrvajanma meM manuSya ho| agasta 1979 meM kAnapura se prakAzita hone vAle dainika 'Aja' meM eka bar3A manoraMjaka samAcAra chapA thA-bambaI ke upanagarIya kSetra cembUra ke eka vidyAlaya kI eka kakSA meM jaba par3hAI cala rahI thI, to eka baMdara na jAne kahA~ se ghusa AyA aura chAtroM ke bIca meM baiTha gyaa| baMdara ko dekha kara chAtra cuhalabAjI karane lage, phira bhI vaha cupacApa zAntipUrvaka baiThA rhaa| use bhagAne kI koziza kI gaI, phira bhI vaha vahA~ se bhAgA nhiiN| aura jaba kakSA samApta huI, tabhI vaha vahA~ se uThakara gyaa| vaha bandara kaI dinoM taka lagAtAra isI prakAra vidyAlaya meM AtA aura kakSA meM Akara baiTha jaataa| jaba taka vidyAlaya ke adhikAriyoM ne damakala vAloM ko bulA kara usa bandara ko cir3iyAghara meM nahIM bhijavA diyA, taba taka vaha niyamita rUpa se samaya para vidyAlaya meM AtA aura cupacApa par3hAI kA Ananda letA rhaa|' 6 aprela 1979 ke samAcArapatra 'Aja' meM eka vicitra ghaTanA prakAzita huI hai-unnAva (u. pra.) meM gaMgAghATa ke pAsa rahane vAlI eka mahilA ne mAnava zizu ke sthAna para kutte ke do pilloM ko janma diyaa| pratyakSadarziyoM ke anusAra ye pille eka dUsare se jur3e hue the| unake mu~ha to do the, parantu paira cAra hI the| kAna aura mUMcha saba kutte jaise hI the|"2 kucha varSoM pahale 'kalyANa' (mAsika patra) meM eka ghaTanA chapI thI eka bhakta gAya kii| pAlI (rAjasthAna) jile ke pUnAgara (pAlI se 13 mIla) gA~va meM eka choTI-sI pahAr3I para durgA devI kA eka choTA-sA mandira banA huA hai| isI gA~va kI eka gAya pratidina U~cI pahAr3I para car3hakara isa durgA mandira meM jA pahu~catI aura bhaktibhAva se durgA ke sAmane baiThI rhtii| cAhe kaisA hI mausama ho, apane mAlika ke ghara se khulate hI vaha sarvaprathama mandira meM avazya pahu~ca jaatii| gAya ke mAlika ne usakI isa bhaktibhAvanA meM bAdhA DAlane kI bahuta koziza kI, para vaha na maanii| pichale sAta varSoM se usakA yaha darzanakrama jArI rhaa| loga usa gAya ko dekhane Ate, aura use khAdya padArtha bheMTa kara jaate| kahate haiM ki vaha gAya Aja taka garbhavatI nahIM huii| bhaktakanyA kI taraha kAmavAsanA se sarvathA dUra rahakara vaha durgAsAdhanA meM saMlagna rahatI thii| 1 dainika 'Aja' (kAnapura) kI akhaNDajyoti sitambara 1979 meM prakAzita - ghaTanA se 2 vahI, tA. 6 apraila 1979 meM prakAzita ghaTanA se 3 kalyANa (mAsika patra) jUna 1967 meM prakAzita ghaTanA For Personal & Private Use Only

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vilakSaNatAoM kA mUla kAraNa : karmabandha 155 . isa prakAra kI kIrtana premI ahiMsaka sarpa kI eka ghaTanA 'akhaNDa jyoti' meM prakAzita huI thii| devariyA janapada kI tahasIla salemapura ke antargata grAma 'mADopAra' ke grAmapradhAna kI sUcanAnusAra tA. 11-1-65 ko usa grAma meM akhaNDakIrtana ho rahA thaa| bhaktamaNDalI tanmaya hokara dhArmika bhajana gA rahI thI, bhaktirasa kA vAtAvaraNa thaa| zrotAgaNa bhI madhura-svara meM gunagunA rahe the| paramAtma-prArthanA ke kAraNa pArasparika dveSa, durguNa tathA duSTa manobhAva dUra ho gae the| isI bIca saMgIta mAdhurya tathA kIrtana ke pavitra vAtAvaraNa se prabhAvita hokara eka sarpa na jAne kahA~ se A gayA, aura akhaNDakIrtana ke maMca para car3ha gyaa| dUsaroM kI taraha vaha bhI phana U~cA kiye, vahIM cupacApa baiTha gyaa| pahale to saba loga bhayabhIta hue| kintu bhakta sarpa ne kisI ko bhI parezAna nahIM kiyaa| vaha tanmaya evaM bhAvavibhora hokara cupacApa kIrtana sunatA rhaa| vaha hilA-DulA nhiiN| gA~va vAloM ne jaba sunA to darzanArthiyoM kA tAMtA laga gyaa| kIrtana pUrvavat calatA rhaa| taba taka vaha sarpa na to thakA aura na utthaa| kIrtana samApta hote hI vaha na jAne kahA~ raphUcakkara ho gyaa| gA~va vAloM ke Azcarya kA ThikAnA na rhaa|' isI prakAra roDeziyA (aphrIkA) ke eka kaue dvArA kutte ke bacce para dayAlutA kI, ajarabejAna ke svAmibhakta garur3a kI, dhobI ke svAmibhakta gadhe kI, tAMgAnikA (aphrIkA) meM eka billI dvArA manuSya ko sAMpa se bacAne kI, baMdaroM dvArA tote ke bacce ko tathA bhaisa dvArA gAya ke bachar3e ko pAlane kI ghaTanAe~ bhI prANiyoM ke pUrvajanma ke karma-saMskAroM kI muMhabolatI kahAniyA~ haiN| itanA hI nahIM, pazupakSiyoM kI taraha, per3a-paudhoM meM bhI vilakSaNatAe~ pAI jAtI haiN| baMgAla meM nadiyA jile ke 'bhAmajoAna' gA~va meM eka zikSaka ke ghara nAriyala kA eka per3a lagA huA hai, jisake bIja yA phala se nahIM, 'kintu zAkhAoM se hI usakI santAna janmane lagatI haiN| pichale pA~ca varSoM meM " isa per3a ne karIba 100 paudhoM ko janma diyA hai| ve sabhI paudhe usa per3a ke pattoM ke mUla sthAna meM aMkura ke rUpa meM phUTe the| pratyeka aMkura ke kucha bar3e hone para ukta zikSaka ne use vahA~ se nikAla kara dUsare sthAna para ropa diyaa| kucha dinoM bAda usa per3a para punaH vaisA hI aMkura phuuttaa| ukta zikSaka kA kahanA hai ki agara una aMkuroM ko ukta per3a se alaga nahIM kiyA jAtA, to 1 akhaNDajyoti (mAsika) julAI 1974 meM prakAzita 11-1-1965 kI ghaTanA 2. akhaNDa jyoti, jUna 1976 meM prakAzita ghaTanAoM ke AdhAra se For Personal & Private Use Only

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156 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva.(1) ve naSTa ho jAte haiM, jabaki aMkura nikAla kara dUsare sthAna para lagAne se vaha nayA per3a bana jAtA hai| pichale 5 varSoM meM ukta nAriyala ke per3a dvArA 100 paudhoM ko janma dene ke uparAnta aba bhI naye paudhoM ko janma dene kA krama jArI hai| Amataura para Ama kA per3a 15-20 phuTa U~cA bar3hane ke bAda hI baurAtA aura phala detA hai| lekina jabalapura meM kisI vyakti ne kucha mahIne pUrva Ama kA eka paudhA lagAyA, vaha do phuTa U~cA bar3hakara hI Amraphala dene lgaa| kucha mahInoM kI Ayu vAle isa paudhe meM 80 Ama lge| koI bhI yaha nahIM samajha sakA ki itanI kama Ayu ke, itane choTe-se Ama ke paudhe meM kaise itane phala-phUla laga gye| isa Ama ke paudhe ko dekhane ke lie dUra-dUra se hajAroM loga Ane lge| per3a-paudhe aura vanaspatiyoM meM pAI jAne vAlI ina vilakSaNatAoM kA rahasyodghATana 'jInsa', AnuvaMzikatA yA vikAsavAda ke AdhAra para nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki ye saba to mAnavIya vilakSaNatAoM kI aura vaha bhI isa janma (jIvana) kI hI vyAkhyA karate haiM, jabaki karmavijJAna ne lAkhoM karor3oM varSa pahale kI, pratyeka prANI kI nitya AtmA ke sAtha pUrvajanmakRta karma paramANuoM kA agale janma yA janmoM meM avicchinnarUpa se anugamana ke siddhAnta se ina vilakSaNatAoM kA rahasyodghATana kara diyA hai| ina saba manuSyetara prANiyoM tathA per3a-paudhoM Adi ke svabhAva, guNadharma evaM paramparAgata-saMskAroM meM vilakSaNa parivartana na to AnuvaMzika hai, na hI 'jInsa' kA camatkAra hai aura na hI proToplAjma (pariveza yA vAtAvaraNa) kA AMzika avataraNa hai, kyoMki manovijJAna yA jaivavijJAna kevala mAnavIya vilakSaNatAoM kI vyAkhyA 'jIvana' (kavala ihalaukika janma) ke AdhAra para karatA hai, jabaki karmavijJAna mAnavIya hI nahIM, mAnavetara sabhI prANiyoM tathA per3a-paudhoM Adi meM pAI jAne vAlI vilakSaNatAoM kI vyAkhyA 'jIva' ke AdhAra para karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ye saba prANI tathA per3a-paudhe Adi bhI janma-janmAntara meM arjita karmajanya saMskAra lekara isa janma meM pazuyoni meM hote hue bhI mAnavagata vilakSaNatA ke dhanI hote haiM tathA per3a-paudhe bhI pUrvajanmakRta puNyakarma ke phalasvarUpa vizeSatA ko liye hue 1 akhaNDajyoti sitambara 1979 ke aMka meM prakAzita lekha se sAra saMkSepa pR. 27 2 vahI, sitambara 1979 ke aMka se pR. 27 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vilakSaNatAoM kA mUla kAraNa : karmabandha 157 Ate haiN| ina saba prANi-vilakSaNatAoM ko dekhate hue janma-janmAntara se karma kA astitva tathA AtmA kA pariNAmI-nityatva siddha hotA hai| phira bhI yuvAcArya mahAprajJa ne eka naI AzA vyakta kI hai"jaise-jaise vijJAna kI nirantara naI-naI khojeM hotI haiM, mujhe vizvAsa hai ki eka dina yaha tathya bhI anusandhAna meM A jAyegA ki 'jIna' kevala mAtA-pitA ke guNoM yA saMskAroM kA hI saMvahana nahIM karate, kintu ye hamAre (tathA anya prANiyoM ke) kiye hue karmoM kA bhI pratinidhitva karate haiM, ye (jIna) karma se bhI jur3e hue haiN| yaha tathya abhI taka khojA nahIM gayA, para bahuta sambhava hai, yaha zIghra khoja liyA jaaegaa|..... donoM zarIra se jur3e hue haiM-eka sthUla (audArika yA vaikriya) zarIra se aura dUsarA sUkSmatara (kama) zarIra se|- AnuvaMzikatA ke ye niyama karmavAda ke saMvAdI niyama hai| Aja ke AnuvaMzikatA ke siddhAnta ne karmasiddhAnta ko samajhane meM suvidhA dI hai aura praveza-dvAra kholA hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekhA jAe to AnuvaMzikatA, jIna aura rAsAyanika parivartana-ye tInoM siddhAnta karma ke hI siddhAnta haiN| AnuvaMzikatA ke siddhAnta kI khoja ke AdhAra para karmavAda ko jAnane meM eka kadama Age bar3hA jA sakatA hai| - / "" .1 'karmavAda (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) se sAbhAra saMkSipta, pR. 164-165 For Personal & Private Use Only

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158 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) (3) karma kA astitva vibhinna pramANoM se siddha karmavijJAna : jaina saMskRti kI raga-raga meM ramA huA jaina saMskRti kI mUla cintanadhArA kA eka maulika viziSTa evaM svataMtra tattva hai - karma / jainadharma aura saMskRti ke karmamarmajJoM ne karmatattva ko : lekara jitanA gahana manthana evaM sUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA hai, utanA anyatra kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotA / 'karmavijJAna' ke vizleSaNakAra jIvana kI antaraMga aura bahiraMga kriyA-prakriyA ke sambandha meM jaba sUkSma cintana prastuta karate haiM, taba aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki pratyeka prANI ke jIvana kA kaNa-kaNa aura kSaNa-kSaNa karmasUtra ke sAtha avicchinna rUpa se jur3A huA hai| itanA hI nahIM, prANijagat kI tamAma gatividhiyoM, halacaloM, mAnasika - vAcika kAyika parivartanoM evaM vRtti pravRttiyoM kA sArA lekhA-jokhA karmavijJAna ke darpaNa meM pratibimbita dekhA jA sakatA hai| jIva sRSTi kA samUcA cakra karma kI dhurI para hI ghUma rahA hai| karma hI madArI kI taraha jIvarUpI vAnara ko manacAhA nacA rahA hai| karma ke astitva para praznacihna parantu dUsarI ora cArvAka Adi dArzanikoM ne karma-vijJAna ke rahasya se tathA isake sUkSma vizleSaNa se sarvathA A~kheM mUMda kara 'karma' ke astitva para hI praznacihna lagA diyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki ghaTa, paTa, kaTa Adi ke samAna 'karma' nAma kA koI bhI padArtha pratyakSa dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| kisI ke mastaka para bhI yaha aMkita nahIM hotA ki yaha karma se yukta hai athavA viyukta hai| jisa prakAra bhUta-preta Adi se AviSTa vyakti kI ceSTAoM para se yaha jAna liyA jAtA hai ki yaha vyakti bhUta-grasta hai, yA yakSAviSTa hai, usa prakAra karmagrasta jIva kI koI bhI aisI vilakSaNa ceSTA pratIta nahIM hotI, jisase yaha jJAta ho sake ki yaha jIva karmagrasta hai| pratyeka jIva kI zarIra, indriyA~, mana, vANI Adi kI samasta kriyAe~ bhI sahajarUpa se hotI rahatI haiN| unase kucha bhI patA nahIM lagatA ki yaha jIva karma se yukta hai| jaba zarIra kA anta ho jAtA hai, taba ye kriyAe~ bhI baMda ho jAtI haiN| usake For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA astitva vibhinna pramANoM se siddha 159 socane, samajhane, sunane, dekhane, bolane, sUMghane aura sparza karane tathA halanacalana karane kI zakti naSTa ho jAtI hai| basa, yahIM usakA khela khatma ho jAtA hai| isake bAda use na kahIM AnA hai, na jAnA hai| ina saba kriyAkalApoM meM 'karma' nAma kI koI vastu dikhAI nahIM detii| tIrthakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dvitIya gaNadhara agnibhUti ne bhI bhagavAn se dIkSita hone se pUrva karma ke viSaya meM isI prakAra kI zaMkA uThAI thI ki karma pratyakSa Adi kisI bhI pramANa se siddha nahIM hotA, ataH vaha gadhe ke sIMga ke samAna atIndriya hone se pratyakSa nahIM hai|" isake uttara meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne karma kA astitva pratyakSAdi pramANoM se siddha karake unakI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna kiyA hai| pratyakSapramANa dvArA karma ke astitva kI siddhi (dravya) karma pudgala hai aura vaha catuHsparzI hone ke kAraNa sUkSma hai, isalie parokSajJAniyoM ko indriyoM se pratyakSa nahIM dikhAI detA, jaiseparamANu bhI pudgala hai, kintu vaha bhI sUkSma evaM atIndriya hone ke kAraNa pratyakSa nahIM dikhAI detA, kintu sarvajJa Apta vItarAga puruSoM ko donoM hI pratyakSa dikhAI dete haiN| dUsarI bAta, jo vastu eka ko pratyakSa ho, vaha sabako hI pratyakSa ho, aisA koI niyama nahIM hai| saMsAra meM siMha, vyAghra Adi aneka vastue~ haiM, jinakA pratyakSa sabhI manuSyoM ko nahIM hotA, phira bhI yaha koI nahIM mAnatA ki saMsAra meM siMha Adi prANI nahIM haiN| isa prakAra karma kA astitva bhI sarvajJoM ko pratyakSa hai, isalie alpajJoM ko bhI usakA astitva mAnanA hI caahie| tIsarI bAta, jisa prakAra (alpajJoM ko) paramANu pratyakSa nahIM hai parantu usake ghaTa Adi kArya to pratyakSa hI haiM, isI prakAra karma (alpajJoM ko) cAhe pratyakSa na ho, usake sukha-duHkhAdi rUpa kArya (phala) ke pratyakSa hI haiN| isalie karma ko kAryarUpa meM pratyakSa mAnanA hI caahie| 2 anumAna-pramANa dvArA karma kI astitva-siddhi vividha anumAnoM se bhI karma kA astitva siddha hotA hai- (1) jisa prakAra aMkurarUpa kArya kA kAraNa bIja hai, usI prakAra sukha-duHkhAdi rUpa kArya kA jo kAraNa (hatu) hai, vaha karma hI hai|' (2) isa sambandha meM gaNadhara indrabhUti kA kathana hai ki jisa prakAra sugandhita puSpa mAlA, candana Adi padArtha sukha ke aura sarpaviSa, kAMTA Adi 1. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM gaNadharavAda gA. 1610 pR. 29 2 vahI, gA. 1611 pR. 30 3 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1612 pR. 31 . For Personal & Private Use Only

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160 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) padArtha duHkha ke pratyakSa hetu haiM, ina dRSTa kAraNoM se sukha-duHkha hotA hai, taba adRSTa kAraNa rUpa karma ko kyoM mAnA jAe?". isakA samAdhAna karate hue bhagavAn ne kahA-sukha-duHkha ke bAhya kAraNa (sAdhana) samAna rUpa se upasthita hone para bhI unake phala (kAya) meM jo taratamatA (vizeSatA) dikhAI detI hai, usakA bhI koI na koI kAraNa avazya honA cAhie, kyoMki vaha vizeSatA bhI ghaTa ke samAna kAryarUpa hai| ataH sukha-duHkha meM vizeSatA (taratamatA) kA kAraNa (hetu) vahI karma hai| jaise-sukha-duHkha ke bAhya-sAdhana eka sarIkhe hone para bhI do vyaktiyoM ko una (sAdhanoM) se milane vAle sukha-duHkharUpa phala meM tAratamya dRSTigocara hotA hai| arthAt-jina sAdhanoM se eka ko sukha milatA hai, dUsare ko usase kama yA adhika sukha milatA hai, athavA nahIM bhI miltaa| mAlA ko sukha kA dRSTa kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai, parantu usI mAlA ko kutte ke gale meM DAla dI jAe to vaha use duHkha kA kAraNa mAnakara usase chUTane kA prayAsa kyoM karatA hai ? isI prakAra viSa bhI sadaiva duHkha kA dRSTa kAraNa ho to vaha kaI rogoM ke nivAraNa ke rUpa meM sukha kA kAraNa kyoM banatA hai ? ataH mAnanA cAhie ki mAlA, viSa Adi sukha-duHkha ke bAhya sAdhana (kAraNa) dikhAI dete . haiM, unake atirikta bhI unase bhinna antaraMga kAraNa karma hai, jo sukha-duHkha kI taratamatA kA adRSTa kAraNa hai| __ ataH sukha duHkha ke adRSTa kAraNa ke rUpa meM karma kA astitva siddha hotA hai| . (3) jisa prakAra yuvAzarIra bAlazarIrapUrvaka hotA hai, usI prakAra bAlazarIra kisI anya zarIrapUrvaka honA caahie| vaha anya zarIra kArmaNa zarIra hai, kArmaNa zarIra hI karma hai| isa prakAra zarIrarUpa kArya ke nirmANa ke kAraNarUpa meM karma kA astitva siddha hotA hai| nyAyadarzana meM bhI dharmAdharma (zubhAzubha kama) se prerita paMcabhUtoM se zarIra kI utpati batalAI hai| __ yadyapi pUrvabhavIya sthUla (audArika) zarIra to yahIM chUTa jAtA hai, usase AgAmI janma ke naye zarIra kI utpatti nahIM hotii| naye zarIra ke 1 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1612 pR. 31 2 vahI, gA. 1613 pR. 31 3 (ka) vahI, gA: 1614 pR. 31-32 (kha) nyAyadarzana sUtra, 3/2/63 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA astitva vibhinna pramANoM se siddha 161 rUpa meM prANI kA nayA janma kArmaNa-zarIrapUrvaka hI hotA hai, jo karmarUpa hI hai| vahI tatkAla-utpanna bAlazarIra kA kAraNa hotA hai|' (4) dAnAdi kriyAoM kA kucha na kucha phala avazya honA cAhie kyoMki ye kRSi kriyA kI taraha sacetana vyakti dvArA kI huI kriyAe~ haiN| jisa prakAra sacetana kRSaka kI kRSikriyA niSphala nahIM hotI use dhAnyAdi rUpa phala prApta hotA hai, usI prakAra sacetana vyakti kI dAna Adi kriyAe~ bhI niSphala nahIM honI caahie| use kucha na kucha phala milanA hI caahie| jo phala prApta hotA hai, vaha (zubha-azubha-puNya-pApa) karma hai| isa prakAra karma kA astitva siddha hotA hai| dAna Adi kI kriyAoM ke phala meM jo tAratamya dikhAI detA hai, usameM vyakti dvArA kriyA karane meM sAdhanoM kI vikalatA-sakalatA yA nyUnAdhikatA athavA kriyA kI ajJAnatA-sajJAnatA Adi usake kAraNa hote haiN| athavA tAratamya kA kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki jaise-dAnAdi zubha kriyAe~ haiM, vaise hI corI Adi azubhakriyAe~ bhI haiM, isa apekSA se zubhakriyAoM kA phala zubhakarma (puNya) aura azubhakriyAoM kA phala azubhakarma (pApa) prApta hotA hai| vaidika (bRhadAraNyaka) upaniSad meM bhI isa Azaya kA vAkya milatA hai ki "puNyakarma (zubhakama) se puNya hotA hai aura pApakarma (azubhakama) se pApa hotA hai"|2 . ... ataH karma ko pramANasiddha hI mAnanA caahie| ___ "yadi yaha kahA jAe ki kRSi Adi kA dhAnyAdi phala to dRSTa hai, usI prakAra cetana kI dAnAdi samasta kriyAoM kA phala dRSTa hI mAna lenA cAhie, adRSTa karma ko phala mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? jisa prakAra 'saMsAra meM jo loga pazuvadha Adi kriyAe~ karate haiM, ve azubhakarma (adhama) rUpa adRSTa phala ke lie nahIM, kintu mAsa-bhakSaNa Adi dRSTa phala ke prayojana se hI karate haiM; isI prakAra sabhI kriyAoM kA koI na koI dRSTa phala hI mAnanA cAhie ataH adRSTa phala mAnanA anAvazyaka hai| Azaya yaha hai ki jaise-loka-vyavahAra meM loga kRSi, vyavasAya Adi kriyAe~ dhAnyAdi dRSTa phala-prApti ke lie karate haiM, vaise hI adhikAMza loga dAnAdi kriyAe~ bhI yaza-kIrti Adi dRSTa phala ke lie karate dekhe jAte haiN| adRSTa karma (zubhakama) rUpa phala kI prApti ke lie dAnAdi kriyAe~ karane vAle virale hI hote haiN| 1 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1614 pR. 32 2 vahI, gA. 1615-1616 pR. 32-33 3 'puNyaH puNyena karmaNA, pApaH pApena karmaNA' / -bRhadAraNyaka 4/4/5 4 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (gaNadharavAda) gA. 1615 pR. 33 For Personal & Private Use Only

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162. karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) bha. mahAvIra ne isakA samAdhAna isa prakAra kiyA hai ki adhikatara loga jaba dRSTaphala ke lie kRSi, vANijya yA pazuvadha, Adi zubha - azubha kriyAe~ karate haiM, taba yaha svataH siddha ho jAtA hai ki kRSi Adi kriyAo kA dRSTa ke atirikta adRSTa (zubhAzubha karmarUpa) phala bhI honA cAhie / " ve loga adRSTa adharma ( azubhakarmarUpa phala ) ke lie cAhe azubha kriyAe~ calAkara na karate hoM, phira bhI yaha mAnanA anivArya hai ki kArya kA AdhAra usakI sAmagrI para hai| jisa kArya kI sAmagrI hotI hai, vaha kArya avazya hotA hai| kisAna bIja bote samaya yadi ajJAnatAvaza gehU~ ke sthAna para kodoM dhAnya ke bIja bo degA, to use havA, pAnI, sUrya kA tApa Adi anukUla sAmagrI milane para kisAna kI icchA - anicchA kI upekSA karake dhAnya utpanna ho hI jaaegaa| isI prakAra hiMsAdi kArya karane vAle yAM mAMsAhArI vyakti cAheM yA na cAheM; azubha karma (adharma) rUpa adRSTakarma (phala ke rUpa meM) utpanna hotA hI hai| isI prakAra dAnAdi zubha kriyAe~ karane vAle vivekI puruSa bhI cAheM yA na cAheM unheM zubhakarma (dharma) rUpI adRSTa phala: milatA hai| "yadi zubha yA azubha kriyAoM se zubhAzubha karmarUpa adRSTa phala nahIM mAnA jAegA to zaMkAkAra ke matAnusAra pApajanaka azubha kriyAe~ karane vAle sabhI pApiyoM dvArA naye karmoM kA grahaNa na karane se mRtyu ke bAda anAyAsa hI karma ke abhAva meM ve mukta ho jAne caahie| isake viparIta jo loga adRSTa zubha karma ke vibhinna dAnAdi kriyAe~ kareMge, ve isa klezabahula-duHkha-pracura saMsAra meM hI rheNge| yaha bhI pratyakSa anubhava hai ki saMsAra meM ananta jIva haiM, unameM azubha kriyAe~ karane vAle adharmAtmA hI adhika haiM / ataH mAnanA hogA ki samasta kriyAoM ke dRSTaphala ke atikti adRSTakarma rUpa phala bhI hotA hai| yadyapi aniSTarUpa adRSTa (karma) phala kI prApti ke lie koI bhI jIva icchApUrvaka kriyA nahIM karatA, phira bhI isa jagat meM aniSTaphalabhoktA jIva atyadhika dRSTigocara hote haiN| ataH hameM mAnanA par3egA ki kriyA zubha ho yA azubha usakA adRSTa rUpa meM zubhAzubha karma phala avazya hotA hai| * 4 " 1 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ( gaNadharavAda) gA. 1620 pR. 34 2 vahI, gA. 1620 pR. 35 3 vahI, gA. 1621 pR. 35 4 vahI, gA. 1622-23 pR. 36 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA astitva vibhinna pramANoM se siddha 163 isake viparIta (zubha) dRSTa phala kI icchA karane para bhI dRSTaphala kI prApti ho hI, aisA ekAnta niyama nahIM hai; kyoMki isakA mUla kAraNa to pUrvabaddha adRSTa karma hI hotA hai| jaise- koI vyakti dRSTa phala dhAnya Adi ke lie kRSi Adi kriyA karatA hai, use usakA dhAnya Adi dRSTa phala pUrvabaddhakarma ke kAraNa kadAcit na bhI mile, magara adRSTa karma rUpa phala to avazya milegA hI ; kyoMki sacetana dvArA prArambha kI gaI koI bhI kriyA niSphala nahIM hotI / ' yahI tathya vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM anyatra vyakta kiyA gayA hai ki "eka sarIkhe sAdhana hone para bhI phala (pariNAma) meM jo antara mAnava jagat meM dikhAI de rahA hai, vaha binA kAraNa ke nahIM ho sktaa| jaise - eka sarIkhI miTTI aura eka hI kumhAra dvArA banAye jAne vAle ghar3oM meM paMcabhUta samAna hote hue bhI antara (tAratamya) dikhAI detA hai, isI prakAra eka hI mAtA-pitA ke, eka sAtha utpanna hue do bAlakoM meM sAdhana aura paMcabhUta eka samAna hone para bhI unakI buddhi, zakti Adi meM jo antara pAyA jAtA hai, usakA koI na koI kAraNa avazya honA cAhie / gautama ! isa antara yA tAratamya kA kAraNa karma - pUrvakRta karma hI hai| kArya aura kAraNa bhinna-bhinna hone caahie| sacetana dvArA kI gaI kriyA kAraNa hai, aura karma (phala) usakA kArya hai / isa dRSTi se bhI sacetana dvArA kI gaI kriyA kA koI na koI adRSTa karmarUpa phala aisA honA cAhie, jo usa kriyA se bhinna ho / isalie dRSTa phala vizeSa rUpa kArya kA bhI koI na koI adRSTa pUrvakRta karmarUpa phala avazya honA caahie| ina saba anumAnoM se karma ke astitva kI siddhi meM koI bhI sandeha nahIM raha jaataa| ' 'mAtA ke garbha meM Ane se lekara janma hone taka bAlaka ko jo bhI duHkha bhogane par3ate haiM, unheM bAlaka ke isa janma ke karmoM kA phala to nahIM kahA jA sakatA; kyoMki garbhAvasthA meM avikasita cetanAzIla bAlaka ne koI bhI acchA yA burA kAma nahIM kiyA hai| una duHkhoM ko mAtA-pitA ke karmoM kA 1 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ( gaNadharavAda) gA. 1622-23 pR. 36 2 (ka) jo tulla sAhaNANaM phale viseso Na so viNA heu / kajjataNao goyamA ! ghaDovva heU ya so kamma // (kha) karmamImAMsA pR. 9-10 3. karmamImAMsA pR. 11-12 - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA. 1613 For Personal & Private Use Only

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164 karma - vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) phala bhI nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki mAtA-pitA jo bhI acche yA bure AcaraNa yA kArya karate haiM, unakA phala akAraNa hI bAlaka ko kyoM bhoganA par3e ? tathA bAlaka bhI garbhAvasthA meM jo bhI duHkha bhogatA hai, use bhI akAraNa mAnanA bilkula ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki kAraNa ke binA koI bhI kArya nahIM ho sakatA, yaha nyAyazAstra kA siddhAnta hai / yadi yaha kahA jAe ki garbhAvasthA meM hI mAtA-pitA ke AhAra-vihAra, AcAra-vicAra aura saMskAra-vikAra tathA zArIrika-mAnasika avasthAoM kA prabhAva garbhastha zizu para par3ane lagatA hai aura unhIM ke kAraNa use duHkha bhogane par3ate haiM; aisI sthiti meM yaha prazna uThatA hai ki garbhastha zizu ko aise mAtA-pitA mile hI kyoM ? antatogatvA, isa prazna kA samAdhAna yahI hogA ki garbhastha zizu ke. jaise pUrvajanmakRta karma the, tadanusAra use vaise mAtA-pitA, sukha-duHkhaM yA anukUla-pratikUla saMyoga mile / ' isa yukti se bhI karma kA astitva siddha hotA hai| 'tattvArtha rAjavArtika' meM karma ke astitva ko siddha karane hetu yaha tarka prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki siMha, bher3iyA, cItA, vyAghra, sAMpa, manuSya Adi meM zUratA krUratA Adi dharma (svabhAva) hote haiM, ve paropadezapUrvaka na hokara sahaja (naisargika) hote haiN| tathA ye guNadharma Akasmika yA akAraNa bhI nahIM hote| inakA koI na koI kAraNa avazya honA cAhie, vaha kAraNa pUrvakRta karma hI haiM, karmodaya ke nimitta se ye una una jIvoM meM utpanna hote haiN| ' 'pravacanasAra (tattva pradIpikA)' meM batAyA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra jyoti tela ke svabhAva ko nijasvabhAva se naSTa karake pradIpta hone kA kArya karatI hai, usI prakAra karma jIva ke sva-bhAva (Atma-bhAva) kA vighAta karake usake manuSya, pazu, pakSI Adi paryAya rUpa kAryoM kA janaka (kAraNa) banatA hai / arthAt - karma jIva kI vibhinna paryAyoM (manuSya, pazu, pakSI Adi avasthAoM) kA usI prakAra kAraNa hai, jisa prakAra dIpaka kA tela jyoti kA kAraNa hai| jIva kI manuSya, pazu, pakSI Adi kAryarUpa nAnA paryAe~ (avasthAe~) akAraNa nahIM hotiiN| unakA koI na koI kAraNa avazya honA cAhie, vaha kAraNa karma hI hai| isa prakAra AtmA ke svabhAva kA ghAta karake 1 karmamImAMsA pR. 12 2 (ka) tattvArtha rAjavArtika 1/3/6 (kha) jaina darzana meM AtmavicAra pR. 190 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA astitva vibhinna pramANoM se siddha 165 usakI vibhinna avasthAoM ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM karma kI sattA siddha hotI hai / " isI prakAra 'kaSAyapAhuDa' meM karma kA astitva siddha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "jIvoM kA jJAna sadaiva eka-sA nahIM rhtaa| jJAna kI mAtrA kI isa prakAra kI nyUnAdhikatA yA taratamatA kA koI na koI kAraNa avazya honA caahie| jJAna ke nyUnAdhika bhAva kA jo bhI kAraNa hai, vaha karma hI hai| anya darzanoM meM bhI 'karma' kI astitva siddhi jainadarzana ke atirikta anya darzanoM meM bhI karma ke astitva ko mAnA gayA hai aura vibhinna pramANoM, yuktiyoM aura tarkoM se karma ke astitva ko siddha bhI kiyA gayA hai| bhagavadgItA meM batAyA gayA hai ki "koI bhI (saMsArI) vyakti karma kiye binA eka kSaNa bhI nahIM raha sktaa| karma na karane se zarIra nirvAha bhI nahIM hotA" / bauddhadarzana meM batAyA gayA hai ki "pratItya-samutpAda kA cakra karma ke niyama ke AdhAra se hI calatA hai| karma aura phala ke pArasparika sambandha ke kAraNa bhavacakra calatA rahatA hai|" "karma hI prANiyoM ko nikRSTa yA utkRSTa banAtA hai| jo manuSya hiMsA karatA hai, krodha karatA hai, IrSyA karatA hai, lobha aura abhimAna karatA hai, vaha vartamAna zarIra ko chor3akara marane ke bAda durgati meM jAtA hai, agara manuSya yoni meM janma letA hai, to vaha hIna, daridra aura buddhihIna banatA hai| manuSya zubhakarma karatA hai, usakI sugati hotI hai aura yadi vaha manuSya yoni meM janma grahaNa karatA hai to uttama, samRddha aura prajJAvAn hotA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki vizva kI vyavasthA meM karma hI pradhAna hai| 1 (ka) pravacanasAra, tattvapradIpikA gA. 117 (kha) jaina darzana meM AtmavicAra pR. 190 2 (ka) edassa pamANassa vaDDi- hANi - taratama bhAvo Na tAva NikkAraNo 'tamhA sakAraNA hi siddhaM / / jaM taM hANi-taratamabhAvakAraNaM tamAvaraNamiti - kasAya pAhuDa 1/1/1 pra. 37-38 (kha) jaina darzana meM AtmavicAra, pR. 190 3 (ka) bhagavadgItA 3/5 (kha) vahI, 3/8 4 (ka) bauddhadharmadarzana (AcArya narendradeva ) pR. 250 (kha) majjhimanikAya ke cullakammavibhaMgasutta, mahAkammavibhaMgasutta meM dekheM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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166 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) mImAMsA darzana meM svargAdi phaloM kI niSpatti ke lie karma kA astitva anivArya mAnA gayA hai| nyAyadarzana meM zarIrotpatti meM 'karma' ko nimitta kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| sAMkhya aura yogadarzana bhI karma ke astitva kA svIkAra karate haiN| yogadarzana meM janma (jAti), Ayu aura bhoga (sukha-duHkhasaMvedana) rUpa phala kA kAraNa karma ko mAnA gayA hai| jaina aura bauddha darzana meM to karma kA astitva vibhinna pramANoM se siddha kiyA gayA hai| isase pUrva prakaraNa meM Agama pramANa se bhI karma kA astitva siddha kiyA jA cukA hai| 1 taMtravArtika pR. 395. 2 nyAyadarzana sUtra 3/2 pR. 62-67 3 sati mUle tadvipAko jAtyAyurbhogAH / -yogadarzana a. 2, sU. 13 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA astitva kaba se aura kaba taka ? 167 (10) karma kA astitva kaba se aura kaba taka ? saMsAra meM jitane bhI Astika darzana haiM, unhoMne eka yA dUsare prakAra se karma kA astitva svIkAra kiyA hai| pichale prakaraNoM meM hama vibhinna yuktiyoM, sUktiyoM, anubhUtiyoM, pahaluoM aura pramANoM se karma kA astitva siddha kara cuke haiN| karma aura AtmA donoM ke astitva aura sambandha ko samajhanA anivArya Astika dArzanikoM ne adhyAtma ke kSetra meM do mahatvapUrNa zodha kI haiN| eka-AtmA kI, aura dUsarI karma kI / AtmA aura karma ina do mahatvapUrNa upalabdhiyoM ne mahAna satya kA udghATana kiyA hai, adhyAtma ke kSetra meM bahuta bar3I krAnti kI hai, ina do tattvoM kI khoja ne| ye do tattva hI adhyAtma . ke maulika AdhAra stambha haiN| kevala AtmA ke astitva ko mAna lene mAtra se adhyAtma kA prAsAda sthira nahIM raha sakatA / karma ko usake sAtha dvitIya AdhArastambha mAne binA adhyAtma prAsAda DagamagA jaaegaa| kyoMki adhyAtma kI samagra parikalpanA, pUrNatA, lakSyaprApti kI yojanA, aura tattva vyavasthA hai - AtmA (jIva ) ko karma se sarvathA mukta karanA / yadi AtmA kA hI astitva na ho to kisako mukta kiyA jAegA ? aura yadi karma kA astitva hI na ho to kisase mukta kiyA jAegA ? ataH ina donoM ke astitva ko mAne binA adhyAtma - pUrNatA kI koI yuktisaMgata parikalpanA hI nahIM ho sktii| baddha AtmA aura mukta AtmA, ina donoM prakAra kI AtmA ke bIca karma kA eka sUtra hai, jo mukta AtmA taka pahuMcane taka meM aneka upAdhiyoM se yukta banA detA hai| baddha AtmA karma- saMyukta hai, jabaki mukta AtmA karmoM se sarvathA mukta hai| donoM meM antara DAlane vAlA karma hai| jaba taka AtmA baddha hai, saMsArI hai, taba taka karmoM kI parikramA lagatI rahatI hai| ataH jaise . AtmA ke astitva ko tathA usase sambaddha tattvoM ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai, vaise hI una bAdhaka - sAdhaka (Amrava - saMvarAdi) tattvoM ke kAraNabhUta 'karma' ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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168 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) astitva ko bhI samajhanA Avazyaka hai / ' AdhyAtmika vikAsa aura hAsa ko samajhane ke lie AtmA ke sAtha-sAtha karma ko bhI samajhanA Avazyaka hai| AtmA ke astitva ko samajhanA jitanA prAthamika aura anivArya hai, utanA hI prAthamika aura anivArya hai- 'karma' ke astiva ko jAnanA, mAnanA aura vizvAsa karanA; tathA antatogatvA karma ke jAla se sarvathA mukti pAnA / tabhI AdhyAtmika pUrNatA ke zikhara para AtmA pahu~ca sakatI hai| karma kA astitva kaba se ? kaba taka ? jina manISiyoM ne karmavijJAna ke mahAsAgara meM gote lagAe, unake samakSa yaha prazna AyA ki 'karma kA astitva kaba se hai aura kaba taka rahegA' ? isakA sIdhA aura sarala samAdhAna unhoMne yahI diyA ki jaba se jIva (AtmA) saMsArI huA aura jaba taka vaha saMsArI (baddha) rahegA. taba se taba taka karma kA astitva hai| donoM kA sambandha anAdi kyoM ? kaise ? prazna yaha hai ki jIva saMsAradazA ko kyoM prApta hotA hai, jabaki rAgadveSa ke binA karmabandha nahIM ho sakatA aura karmabandha hue binA rAga-dveSa nahIM ho sktaa| aisI sthiti meM jIva kI yaha (saMsArI) avasthA kaise aura kaba se huI hai ? isakA samAdhAna jainakarmamarmajJoM ne yaha diyA ki saMsAra kI yaha cakra-paramparA anAdikAla se bIja - vRkSa yA pitA-putra se samAna calI A rahI hai| bIja se vRkSa hotA hai, vRkSa se bIja; ina donoM meM se kisakA prArambha sarvaprathama huA, yaha koI nahIM kaha sktaa| isI prakAra karma aura jIva (saMsArI jIva ) kI paramparA anAdi hai| arthAt jIva ke saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta rAga-dveSa aura karmabandha kI paramparA ko anAdikAlika samajhanA caahie| saMsAra AnAdi hai, ataeva jIva aura karma kA sambandha bhI anAdi saMsAra anAdi hai| isa apekSA se jIva aura karma kA sambandha bhI jaba taka saMsAra hai, taba taka hai, arthAt - pravAharUpa se jIva aura karma kA sambandha anAdi hai| vedAntadarzana ke mUrdhanya grantha 'brahmasUtra' meM saMsAra kA anAditva svIkAra karate hue, karma ko bhI anAdi mAnA gayA hai| jIva aura karma ke sambandha ko anAdi batAte hue 'gommaTasAra' meM kahA gayA hai: - 'kanaka 2 1. (ka) jainayoga (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) pR. 35 (kha) Anandaghana caubIsI padmaprabhastavana 2. brahmasUtra zAMkarabhASyasahita, 2-1-35 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA astitva kaba se aura kaba taka ? 169 timroNo parikSA mA padmA na ho, isasa bAja-vRkSanyAyana kama Ara jAva kI sambandha prakRti, zIla aura svabhAva ke kAraNa anAdi hai| isake astitva ko siddha karane ke lie anya pramANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM, yaha svataH siddha hai / ' tAttvika dRSTi se karma aura jIva kA sAdi aura anAdi sambandha 1 ise tAttvika dRSTi se samajhanA cAheM to yoM samajha sakate haiM - jIva kI mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika zubhAzubha pravRtti (kriyA yA vyApAra) jaba se zurU huI hai, athavA jaba se kaSAyAdi kA saMyoga huA hai, taba se karma AtmA ke lage haiM aura taba taka lage raheMge, jaba taka jIva ke yoga (manavacana kAyA kI pravRtti) aura kaSAya (krodhAdi tathA rAga-dveSa- mohAdi) rheNge| ataH anekAntavAda kI bhASA meM yoM kahA jA sakatA hai - eka jIva (AtmA) kI apekSA se karma kA astitva sAdi (Adi- prArambhayukta) siddha hotA hai, jabaki jagat ke samagra jIvoM kI apekSA se karma pravAharUpa se anAdi hai| vikAsavAda aura jIva kA sambandha yadyapi vartamAnakAla meM DArvina Adi ke vikAsavAda - siddhAnta ko mAnane vAle.yaha kahate haiM ki manuSya apanI prArambhika vikAsa kI avasthA meM bandara thA, dhIre-dhIre use yaha avasthA prApta huI hai / vikAsavAda kA yaha siddhAnta kaisA bhI kyoM na ho, isase bIja - vRkSanyAyena karma aura jIva kI saMsArI dazA kI anAdikAlIna mAnyatA meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI / atItakAla meM jahA~ bhI jAkara hama prANiyoM kI utpatti ke krama kA vicAra karate haiM, vahA~ hameM yahI mAnanA par3egA ki jisa krama se isa samaya prANiyoM kI utpatti hotI hai, usI krama se atItakAla meM bhI unakI utpatti hotI rahI hogii| yaha nahIM ho sakatA ki pahale unakI utpatti binA mAtA-pitA ke yA binA bIja ke vRkSa ke hotI thI, aura aba unakI utpatti isa krama se hone lagI hai| AtmA anAdi hai to kyA karma bhI anAdi hai ? : eka vizleSaNa * bhAratIya Astika darzanoM kI dRSTi meM AtmA anAdi hai, vaha aja, avinAzI, amara, ajara, nitya aura zAzvata tattva hai| bhagavadgItA aura tyAnAMgasUtra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai - "yaha AtmA na to kabhI utpanna hotI gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) gA. 2 - payaDI sIla sahAvo, jIvaMgANa aNAisaMbaMdho / kaNayovale malaM vA, tANatthittaM sayaM siddhaM // 2 // mahAbaMdha bhA. 2 kI prastAvanA (bhAratIya jJAnapITha) pR. 16 For Personal & Private Use Only

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170 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) hai, na maratI (naSTa hotI) hai, arthAt-na to yaha kabhI (upanna) huI hai, na hogI, aura na hotI hai| yaha nitya, ajanmA, purANa aura zAzvata hai| zarIra ke hanana kiye jAne para bhI AtmA kA hanana nahIM hotaa|' karma aura AtmA meM pahale kauna ? pIche kauna ? jaba AtmA anAdi hai to karma bhI anAdi honA cAhie, kyoMki karma karane vAlA to AtmA hI hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha jvalanta prazna karmamarmajJoM ke samakSa upasthita kiyA gayA ki karma aura AtmA; ina donoM meM pahale kauna hai, bAda meM kauna hai ? karma pahale hai athavA AtmA ? karma AtmA ke sAtha kaba se lage ? ve pahale lage yA pIche lage ? jaina karmavijJAna ke mahAmanISI tIrthakaroM evaM talasparzI adhyetA AcAryoM ne isa prazna para yuktipUrNa evaM anubhavapUrNa samAdhAna kiyA hai ki karma aura AtmA, ina donoM meM pahale kauna, pIche kauna ? yaha prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| paMcAdhyAyI Adi granthoM meM spaSTa kahA hai "jaise AtmA anAdi hai, vaise pudgala (kama) bhI anAdi hai| AtmA aura karma donoM kA sambandha bhI anAdi hai| AtmA kArmaNAtmaka karmoM ke sAtha anAdi kAla se baddha hokara calA A rahA hai|"2 karma pahale yA AtmA ?, isakA yuktisaMgata samAdhAna jaina saMskRti ke unnAyaka tIrthaMkaroM tathA karmamarmajJa AcAryoM ne karma pahale hai yA AtmA pahale ? AtmA se sAtha karma kaba se lage ? ityAdi praznoM kA yuktisaMgata samAdhAna murgI aura aNDe ke, athavA bIja aura vRkSa ke nyAya se kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA ki murgI aura aNDA, ina donoM meM pahale kauna, pIche kauna ? yadi aNDe ko pahale mAnate haiM to prazna hotA hai-'murgI ke binA aNDA kahA~ se utpanna huA yA AyA ?' yadi murgI ko pahale mAnate 1. (ka) na jAyate mriyate vA kadAcinnAya bhUtvA bhavitA vA na bhUyaH / ajo nityaH zAzvato'yaM purANo, na hanyate hanyamAne shriire|| - bhagavadgItA 2/20 (kha) kAlao NaM kayAI NAsI, Na kayAi na bhavai, Na kayAI na bhavissaitti, bhUviya bhavai ya bhavissai ya, dhuve, Nitie, sAsae, akkhae, avvae, avaTThie Nicce / -ThANAMga 5/3/530 2. (ka) yathA'nAdiH sa jIvAtmA, tathA'nAdizca pudgalaH / dvayorbandho'pyanAdiH syAt, sambandho jiiv-krmnnoH|| -paMcAdhyAyI 2/35 (kha) astyAtmA'nAdito baddhaH karmabhiH kArmaNAtmakaiH / - lokaprakAza, 424 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA astitva kaba se aura kaba taka ? 171 haiM to prazna uThegA-aNDe ke binA murgI kahA~ se AI ? isI prakAra dUsarI yaha yukti bhI prastuta kI jAtI hai ki bIja aura vRkSa ina donoM meM pahale kauna, bAda meM kauna ? yadi vRkSa ko pahale mAnate haiM to prazna uThegA ki bIja ke binA vRkSa kahA~ se utpanna huA ? aura yadi bIja ko pahale mAnate haiM to prazna uThegA ki vRkSa ke binA bIja kahA~ se AyA ? isI prakAra AtmA aura karma donoM jaba anAdi haiM, to prazna hotA hai AtmA aura karma, ina donoM meM pahale kauna huA, pIche kauna ? yadi AtmA ko karma se pahale mAnate haiM to prazna uThegA-jainadRSTi se nizcayanaya kI apekSA se AtmA vizuddha mAnA jAtA hai| jaba AtmA vizuddha hai, taba usa para karma kAlimA kaise laga gaI ? zuddha AtmA para to karma laganA hI nahIM caahie| yadi zuddha AtmA para bhI karmamala kA laganA mAnA jAegA to karmamukta zuddha paramAtmA para bhI karmamala laga jaaegaa| aisI sthiti meM zuddha AtmA bhI karmalipta hokara punaH punaH saMsAra meM AvAgamana karane lgegii| parantu dazAzrutaskandha ke anusAra karmabIja dagdha ho jAne ke pazcAt karmamukta zuddha siddha paramAtmA saMsAra meM phira kabhI nahIM aate|' 'AtmA prathama hai yA karma ?' yaha aisI praznAvalI hai, jisakA koI uttara AtmA ko yA karma ko prathama mAnane vAloM ke pAsa nahIM hai| isalie karma aura AtmA, ina donoM meM bhI pahale-pIche kA prazna khar3A kiyA jAegA, to aneka ulajhaneM Akara vyakti ke dimAga ke cAroM ora gherA DAlakara khar3I ho jAe~gI, vibhinna tarka-vitarka apanA tIra tAna kara samAdhAna prApta karane ke lie upasthita ho jaaeNge| karma akAraNa hI kaise laga gae AtmA ke? yadi AtmA kA astitva karma ke astitva se pahale mAnA jAe to zaMkA hogI ki agara karma pahale astitva meM nahIM thA to isakA matalaba yaha huA ki AtmA para kisI prakAra kA karmamala nahIM lagA thA, vaha apane pUrNa zuddha rUpa meM thaa| aisI dazA meM, karma akAraNa hI haThAt kaise laga gae AtmA ke ? AtmA (jIva) ke binA kiye hI karma usake sAtha kaise lipaTa gae ? jaba 'karma' kA pahale astitva hI nahIM thA, aura AtmA ke sAtha usake lagane - dazAzrutaskandha 5/15 1. jahAM daDDhANaM bIyANaM Na jAyaMti puNa aNkuraa| / ... kammabIesu daDDhesu, Na jAyaMti bhvaakuraa|| 2. (ka) karmamImAMsA pR.17 (kha) karmavAda : eka adhyayana, pR. 11/12/13 3. (ka) karmavAda : eka adhyayana, pRSTha 12 For Personal & Private Use Only

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172 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) kA koI kAraNa hI nahIM thA, taba binA hI kAraNa ke karma kahA~ se kaba aura kaise laga gae ? koI bhI kArya binA kAraNa ke nahIM hotaa| aisI sthiti meM karma ke kAraNabhUta rAgadveSAdi ke abhAva meM zuddha AtmA ke sAtha karma kA saMyoga kyoM aura kaise ho gayA ? agara kaheM ki AtmA ke sAtha karma yoM hI laga gae taba to yoM hI, binA kAraNa ke AkAza, pASANa, dIvAra Adi jar3apadArthoM ke bhI karma laga jAne caahie| kintu aisA nahIM hotaa| ataH karma se pUrva astitva meM Aye hue AtmA ke akRta karma laganA to kArya-kAraNa niyama ke viruddha hai| kahA bhI hai "yadi jIva (AtmA) ko pahale karmarahita mAna liyA jAe to usake bandha kA abhAva ho jaaegaa| aura zuddha AtmA ke bhI karmabandha mAnane para usakI mukti kaise hogI ? paMcAdhyAyIkAra kA Azaya yaha hai ki pUrva-azuddhatA ke binA bandha nahIM hotaa| pUrva meM zuddha jIva ke bhI karmabandha mAna lene para nirvANa-prApti asaMbhava ho jaaegii| jaba zuddha jIva ke bhI karma baMdhane lagegA, taba saMsAracakra bAra-bAra calate rahane se mukti kabhI nahIM ho skegii|" zuddhi aura azuddhi kA krama kaise TUTegA ? agara vizuddha AtmA ke akasmAt hI karma laga jAte haiM, aisA mAnA jAegA, taba to tapa, tyAga, saMyama, vairAgya, evaM ratnatrayarUpa dharma evaM kSamAdi dazavidha uttama dharma kI sAdhanA kA kyA artha rahegA ? aura karmoM ke bandha aura mokSa kI dUragAmI vyavasthA bhI kaise banegI ? eka ora, loga tapa, saMyama Adi kI sAdhanA karake karmamala ko dhokara AtmA ko vizuddha banAe~ge, dUsarI ora unakI vizuddha huI AtmA para bhI karma akasmAt cipaTate rheNge| yaha to hastisnAnavat kriyA ho jaaegii| jaise hAthI sarovara meM nahA kara apane zarIra ko svaccha karatA hai, phira kucha dera ke bAda hI vaha apane zarIra para kIcar3a uchAla kara use gaMdA kara detA hai| hAthI kI taraha AtmA ke aise zuddhIkaraNa se kyA lAbha huA ? pUrvokta sAdhanA kA antima prayojana to kucha bhI siddha nahIM huaa| eka bAra AtmA vizuddha huI, usake phira karmamaila lagA aura phira vahI azuddhi A dhmkii| phira to AtmA aura karma kI yaha paramparA sadA-sadA ke lie calatI rahegI, isa paramparA ke TUTane kA avasara kadApi nahIM aaegaa| aisI sthiti meM pratyeka jIva zuddhi ke bAda azuddhi aura 1. karmavAda : eka adhyayana pR. 12 2. tadyathA yadi niSkarmA jIvaH prageva tAdRzaH / bandhAbhAve'tha zuddhe'pi bandhazcennirvRtiH katham ?-paMcAdhyAyI 2/37 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA astitva kaba se aura kaba taka ? 173 azuddhi ke bAda phira zuddhi ke utAra car3hAva ke daura meM calatA rhegaa| yaha kahA~ kA siddhAnta hai ki zuddhi ke bAda phira azuddhi A jaae| vastutaH use zuddhi hI nahIM kahanA cAhie / ' jJAnasAra meM isI tathya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai - jo sAdhaka samatA - kuNDa meM snAna karake ananta - ananta kAla ke lie kaSAya tathA rAgadveSAdi janita karmakRta mala ko dho DAlatA hai; vaha phira kabhI azuddha (malina) nahIM hotA / vAstava meM, vaha antarAtmA hI parama zuddha vimala hai| 2 karma pahale thA, AtmA bAda meM? yaha bhI ThIka nahIM yadi kahA jAye ki karma pahale se hI thA, AtmA bAda meM Akara khar3A ho gayA, taba yaha pratiprazna hogA ki AtmA (jIva) ke binA karma kiyA kisane ? cUMki AtmA to pahale thA nahIM, jisake dvArA kiye jAne se vaha 'karma' khlaataa| phira karma kI sattA aura karma kI 'karma saMjJA' AtmA se pahale ho hI kaise sakegI ? arthAt AtmA ke dvArA kiye binA karma hI kaise kahalAegA ? dUsarI bAta - 'karma pahale aura AtmA bAda meM,' isa mantavya ke anusAra yaha mAnanA par3egA ki AtmA ne bhI eka dina janma liyaa| AtmA bhI eka utpanna- vinaSTa hone vAlA padArtha huaa| saMsAra kA yaha niyama hai ki jisakA janma hotA hai, usakA maraNa bhI avazya hotA hai, parantu AtmA ke utpanna- vinAza yA janma-maraNa kA vicAra bhArata ke kisI bhI Astika darzana ko mAnya nahIM hai| sabhI Astika darzanoM ne AtmA ko ekasvara se ajanmA, nitya, avinAzI aura zAzvata mAnA hai / " aisI duvidhApUrNa sthiti meM jainadarzana ke mahAmanISiyoM ne 'AtmA aura karmI, ina donoM meM pahale kauna aura pIche kauna ? yaha gutthI donoM ko anAdi, tathA donoM ke sambandha ko bhI anAdi kahakara sulajhA dI hai| 1. (ka) karmamImAMsA pR. 17 (kha) karmavAda : eka adhyayana pR. 13 yaH snAtvA samatAkuNDe, hitvA kazmalanaM malam / punarnayAti mAlinyaM so'ntarAtmA paraH zuciH / / - jJAnasAra (upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI) vidyASTaka 5 . karmavAda : eka adhyayana pR. 14 (ka) vahI pR. 14 (kha) jAtasya hi dhruvo mRtyu rdhruvaM janma mRtasya ca / ' - gItA (ga) ajo nityaH zAzvato'yaM purANa......... -. gItA For Personal & Private Use Only

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174 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) IzvarakRta sRSTi racanA kA sayuktika nirAkaraNa yadyapi saMsArI AtmA (jIva) aura karma ke anAdi sambandha kI yuktipUrNa mAnyatA se IzvarakartRtvavAdI sahamata nahIM haiN| unakA kathana hai ki vizva kI utpatti aura racanA kA mukhya kAraNa karma nahIM, Izvara hai / upaniSad meM batAyA gayA hai- 'Izvara ne icchA kI maiM eka (akelA hU~, bahuta ho jAU~' / isa prakAra usane jagata kI sRSTi kii| isakI vistRta carcA manusmRti tathA anya vaidika purANoM meM kI gaI hai / vahA~ likhA hai -. "yaha saMsAra pahale tama-prakRti meM lIna thaa| isase yaha dikhalAI nahIM detA thA / sarvatra gAr3hanidrA kI sI avasthA thI / taba avyakta svayambhU andhakAra kA nAzakara paMca mahAbhUtoM (pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura AkAza ) ko prakaTa karate hue svayaM vyakta hue........ / aneka prakAra ke jIvoM kI sRSTi kI / icchA se usa Izvara ne dhyAna karake sarvaprathama apane zarIra se jala utpanna kiyA aura usameM zakti rUpa bIja ddaalaa| vaha bIja sUrya ke samAna camakane vAlA sone kA sA aNDA bana gayA / ' "usa aNDe meM vaha brahmA eka varSa taka rhaa| phira usane apane dhyAna se svayaM hI usa aNDe ke do Tukar3e kara DAle / brahmA ne ina do Tukar3oM se svarga aura pRthvI kA nirmANa kiyaa| madhya meM AkAza, AThoM dizAe~ aura jala ke zAzvata sthAna - samudra kA nirmANa kiyaa| phira AtmA se mana aura mana se ahaMkAra tattva ko prakaTa kiyaa| sAtha hI buddhi, tInoM (satva, raja aura tama ) guNa, aura viSayoM ko grahaNa karane vAlI pAMcoM indriyoM ko kramazaH utpanna kiyaa| ......phira usa Izvara ne sRSTi ke Arambha meM veda ke zabdoM se sabake alaga-alaga nAma aura kArya niyata kara diye / aura unakI saMsthAe~ banA diiN| sanAtana brahmA ne yajJasiddhi ke liye agni, vAyu aura sUrya se kramazaH Rgveda, yajurveda aura sAmaveda, ina tInoM vedoM ko prakaTa kiyaa| phira samaya, samaya ke liye vibhAga, nakSatra, graha, nadI, samudra aura parvata banAe / " "hiraNyagarbha ne apane zarIra ke do bhAga kie aura Adhe se puruSa aura Adhe se strI bana gyaa| usa strI meM usene virAT puruSa kI sRSTi kii|" "maiMne prajAoM kI sRSTi kI icchA se atiduSkara tapasyA karake dasa maharSiyoM ko utpanna kiyA. .. / isa prakAra merI AjJA se ina mahAtmAoM ne apane tapa yoga se karmAnusAra sthAvara-jaMgama kI sRSTi kii| " 2 1. (ka) 'so'kAmayata - eko'haM bahusyAm / taittirIya upaniSad - (kha) jainagajat meM prakAzita bhadanta Ananda kauzalyAyana ke lekha para se (ga) mahAbandho bhAga 2 kI prastAvanA pR. 15 se sArAMza / 2. 'jainajagat' meM prakAzita 'bhadanta Ananda kauzalyAyana" ke lekha se For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA astitva kaba se aura kaba taka ? 175 isa para se yaha prazna uThatA hai ki brahmA yA Izvara ke mana meM isa krama se sRSTi-racanA kA vicAra kyoM AyA ? usane jisa krama se Adi meM pazu, pakSI, matsya, sarIsRpa aura manuSya kI utpatti kI thI, Aja bhI usI krama se vaha unakI utpatti kyoM nahIM karatA ? kyoM nahIM vaha vandhyA yA pativihInA (vidhavA yA tyaktA) striyoM ko kama se kama eka putra de detA, jisase ve apane vandhyApana yA pati ke abhAva ke duHkha ko bhUla jAeM ? ve manuSya jo kaSTa se jarjara (pIDita) ho rahe haiM yA jo dhanAbhAva ke kAraNa pazuoM kA sA jIvana bitA rahe haiM, unheM kyoM nahIM aise sAdhana juTA detA hai, jinakA Alambana pAkara ve apane kaSTa ko kucha kama karane meM samartha hoM ? unake pApa Izvara ko aisA nahIM karane dete, isa kathana meM kucha bhI sAra nahIM hai, kyoMki puNya ke samAna pApa kA nirmANa bhI to usane kiyA hai| usane pApa kA nirmANa hI kyoM kiyA ?' yukti, tarka, pramANa aura anubhava ke AdhAra para vicAra karane se sacce mAne meM yahI jJAta hotA hai ki isa prakAra vizva kI utpatti yA racanA mAnanA bhAvuka kalpanA hai| jo darzana IzvarakartRtvavAdI mAne jAte haiM, unase bhI isa kalpanA kA samarthana nahIM hotaa| Izvara-kartRtvavAda ke samarthaka do mukhya darzana haiM-eka nyAyadarzana aura dUsarA vaizeSika drshn| parantu ye donoM darzana pUrvokta sRSTikrama ko svIkAra nahIM krte| taTasthatayA yuktipUrvaka vicAra karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vizva kI yaha racanA anAdi hai aura svataH racita hai| usameM jo yatkiMcit parivartana samaya-samaya para dikhAI detA hai, usameM kisI kI icchA kAraNa na hokara paraspara-sambaddha ghaTanAkrama hI usake lie uttaradAyI hai| sUrya niyata samaya para udita hotA hai aura niyata samaya para asta hotA hai| isameM kisI bhI ajJAta zakti kA hAtha nahIM hai| jagat kA yaha krama anAdikAla se isI prakAra calatA A rahA hai, aura anantakAla taka calatA rhegaa| jina vicArakoM kA jagat ke isa svAbhAvika krama kI ora dhyAna gayA hai, unhoMne jagat kI yathArtha sthiti kA vizleSaNa karake vizva meM sthita aneka padArthoM ke saMyoga aura svabhAva ko hI isakA kAraNa mAnA hai| isI prakAra jIva aura karma kA aisA svabhAva hai, jisase ve anAdikAla se sambaddha ho rahe haiM aura jaba taka unheM paraspara bandha ke kAraNoM (mithyAtvAdi) kA saMyoga milatA rahegA, taba taka ve bandha ko prApta hote rheNge| 1. mahAbaMdho bhAga-2 kI prastAvanA se pR. 15-16 2. mahAbandho bhAga-2 kI prastAvanA pR. 16 (sArAMza) For Personal & Private Use Only

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176 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) donoM ke anAdi sambandha kA anta kaise ? AtmA (jIva) aura karma kA anAdi sambandha mAnane para usa sambandha kA anta kaise hogA ? vaha sambandha tor3A kaise jAegA ? kyoMki sAmAnya niyama yaha hai ki jo anAdi hotA hai, vaha ananta bhI hotA hai, usakA kabhI anta nahIM ho sktaa| jainakarmavijJAna-marmajJoM ne isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahA ki karma aura AtmA ke anAdi sambandha ke bAre meM yaha niyama sArvakAlika nahIM hai| anAdi ke sAtha anantatA kI koI vyApti nahIM hai| anAdi hote hue bhI sAntatA pAI jAtI hai| bIja - vRkSa - santati ko paramparA kI apekSA anAdi kahA jAtA hai, kintu bIja ko jalA dene para phira vRkSa kI paramparA kA anta A jAtA hai / isI prakAra tattvArthasAra meM kahA gayA hai. " - AtmA (jIva) se karmabIja ke dagdha ho jAne para phira bhavAMkura kI (saMsAra meM utpanna hone kI) utpatti nahIM hotii| bIja- vRkSa paramparA jaise TUTa jAtI hai, vaise hI karma kA AtmA ke sAtha sambandha TUTa sakatA hai| isI tathya kA sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM iMgita kiyA gayA hai - "pahale baMdhana ko jAno - samajho, phira usako tor3a ddaalo|"" jo dhIra-vIra munipuMgava hote haiM, ve apane-tapa-saMyama meM sudRr3ha rahate haiN| unheM anAyAsa hI karma se chuTakArA milatA rahatA hai| ataH yadyapi jaise svarNa aura miTTI kA dUdha aura ghI kA bIja aura vRkSa kA anAdi sambandha hai, tathApi prayatna-vizeSa se ve pRthaka-pRthaka hote dekhe jAte haiM; vaise hI AtmA aura karma ke anAdi sambandha kA anta ho jAtA hai| paMcAdhyAyI meM AtmA aura karma donoM ke sambandha ko svarNa aura miTTI ke sambandha ke samAna anAdi batAyA hai| yogIzvara AnandaghanajI ne bhI isI tathya kA samarthana kiyA hai ki karmaprakRti aura puruSa (AtmA) kI jor3I svarNa aura upala ke samAna anAdi hai / " sonA khAna se nikalatA hai, taba azuddha hotA hai, usameM miTTI aura patthara mile rahate haiM, ve donoM usa samaya 1. (ka) dagdhe bIje tathA'tyantaM prAdurbhavati nAMkuraH / karmabIje tathA dagdhe na prarohati bhavAMkuraH / - tattvArthasAra (kha) karmagrantha bhA. 1 (vivecana) kI prastAvanA (marudhara kesarI zrI mizrImala jI ma.) pR 40 se * (ga) bujjhijjatti tiuTTijjA, baMdhaNaM parijANiyA / ' - sUtrakRtAMga 1/1/1/1 2. (ka) 'dvayorapyanAdisambandhaH kanakopalasannibhaH / ' - paMcAdhyAyI 2 / 36 (kha) 'kanakopalavat payaDI- puruSa taNI re, jor3I anAdi - svabhAva / " Anandaghana caubIsI (adhyAtmadarzana) se For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA astitva kaba se aura kaba taka ? 177 ekameka se dikhate haiM, kintu svarNakAra dvArA vaha miTTI-mizrita svarNa Aga meM tapAyA-galAyA jAtA hai, to svarNa meM se miTTI Adi maila kaTa-chaTakara alaga ho jAtA hai; taba svarNa aura miTTI kA jo anAdi-sambandha thA, vaha TUTa jAtA hai, azuddha svarNa zuddha ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra AtmA aura karma kA sambandha bhI anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai| jIva apane pUrvakRta karmoM kA paribhoga karatA rahatA hai aura naye karmoM kA bandhana bhI karatA rahatA hai| karmabandhama kI yaha prakriyA anAdikAlIna hote hue bhI caitanyavAna jIva apane puruSArtha ke dvArA karmoM ko bilaga karake apane amUrta, zuddha, niraMjana, nirAkAra, anantajJAnAdi catuSTaya rUpa svarUpa ko prakaTa kara sakatA hai| spaSTa zabdoM meM kaheM to karma aura AtmA kA sambandha anAdi hone para bhI use tapa, tyAga, vrata, saMyama Adi kI sAdhanA se tor3A-kATA jA sakatA cAra prakAra ke sambandha ___ AtmA aura karma ke sambandha ke rahasya ko samajhane ke lie hameM sarvaprathama ina cAra prakAra ke sambandhoM kA parijJAna kara lenA caahie| sambandha cAra prakAra ke hote haiM-(1) anAdi-ananta, (2) anAdi-sAnta, (3) sAdi-ananta aura (4) saadi-saant| jisa sambandha kA na to AdikAla ho, na hI antakAla, vaha anAdi-ananta hotA hai| jisakA AdikAla to na ho, kintu antakAla ho, vaha anAdi-sAnta hotA hai| jisakA AdikAla ho, para antakAla na ho, vaha sAdi-ananta hotA hai, aura jisakA AdikAla bhI ho tathA antakAla bhI, vaha sambandha sAdi-sAnta hotA hai|' AtmA aura karma kA tIna prakAra kA sambandha AtmA aura karma kA sambandha kaba se hai aura kaba taka rahegA ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna jainadarzana ne isa prakAra kiyA hai- 'AtmA aura karma kA sambandha anAdi-ananta bhI hai, anAdi-sAnta bhI hai, aura sAdi-sAnta bhii'|2 1. jJAna kA amRta (paM. jJAnamuni jI) se pR. 36 2. goyamA ! atyegaiyANaM jIvANaM kammovacae sAdIe sapajjavasie, atyegaie aNAdIe sapajjavasie, atyegaie aNAdIe apajjavasie; no ceva NaM jIvANaM kammovacae sAdIe apajjavasie / se keNaTeNaM ? goyamA! iriyAvahiya baMdhayassa kammovacae sAdIe sapajjavasie, bhavasiddhiyassa kammovacae aNAdIe sapajjavasie, abhavasiddhiyassa kammovacae aNAdIe apajjavasie, se teNaTeNaM / -bhagavatIsUtra za. 6, u. 3 For Personal & Private Use Only

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178 * karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) pravAharUpa se AtmA aura karma kA anAdi sambandha karma-pravAha kI dRSTi se AtmA aura karma kA sambandha anAdi mAnA gayA hai| pravAharUpa yA samaSTi kI dRSTi se karmasaMtati kI koI Adi (prArambha) nahIM hai| anAdikAla se jIva karmoM kI ber3iyoM meM jakar3A huA hai| atIta kAla meM aisA koI samaya nahIM AyA, jaba yaha AtmA kabhI karmoM se jakar3A huA yA pRthaka nahIM thaa| bhUtakAla meM aisI koI ghar3I nahIM thI ki AtmA aura karmaparamANu pRthaka-pRthaka par3e hoM, aura kisI ne. kisI samaya unheM mizrita kara diyA ho| aisA hone para to karmamukta sarvathA vizuddha siddhAlayasthita AtmA bhI akAraNa hI svataH karmabaddha ho jAegI, apanI akarma sthiti ko surakSita nahIM rakha paaegii| ataH AtmA aura karma ke sambandha ko pravAharUpa se anAdi hI mAnanA caahie|' bhavya aura abhavya jIva kA lakSaNa / karmamukti kI sAdhanA kI dRSTi se do prakAra ke jIva mAne jAte haiMbhavya aura abhvy| jisa jIva meM mokSa prApta karane kI yogyatA hai, jJAnadarzana-cAritrarUpI saddharma kI ArAdhanA karake mukta hone kI kSamatA hai vaha jIva bhavya kahalAtA hai aura jisa jIva meM mokSa prApta karane kI yogyatA, samyagdarzana kI jyoti se apanI antarAtmA ko Alokita karane kI sAmarthya nahIM hai vaha abhavya kahalAtA hai| abhavya jIva kA karma ke sAtha anAdi-ananta sambandha - - jainadRSTi se abhavyajIva apane Atma-pradezoM se karma-paramANuoM ko sarvathA pRthak kadApi nahIM kara paate| unake Atma-pradezoM ke sAtha karmaparamANuoM kA sambandha sadaiva satata kisI na kisI rUpa meM banA hI rahatA hai| ataeva abhavyajIvoM (AtmAoM) kA karma ke sAtha sambandha anAdiananta mAnA gayA hai| vandhyA nArI lAkha prayatna karale, phira bhI vaha mA~ banane kA saubhAgya prapta nahIM kara sakatI, vaise hI abhavya jIva bhI apanI svabhAvasiddha prakRti ke kAraNa samyagdarzana kA sparza kadApi nahIM kara paataa| vaha mithyAtva ke gahana andhakAra meM DUbA huA hI samagra jIvana yApana karatA hai| ataH aise abhavya jIva (AtmA) kA karma-sambandha sadaiva sthAyI hone se anAdi-ananta kahalAtA hai|' 1. jJAna kA amRta se, pR. 37 2. jJAna kA amRta, pR. 37 3. vahI, pR. 37 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA astitva kaba se aura kaba taka ? 179 bhavyajIva kA karma ke sAtha sambandha anAdi-sAnta bhavyajIva kA karma ke sAtha sambandha anAdi-sAnta mAnA jAtA hai| kyoMki bhavyajIva sAdhanAnurUpa yogya sAdhana prApta hone para samyagdarzana prApta karatA hai, tattvoM kA jJAna karatA hai, tatpazcAta samyakcAritra kA pAlana karake karmoM ko AMzikarUpa se AtmA se pRthak (nirjarA) kara detA hai| isake pazcAt samyagdarzanAdi ratnatraya kI samyak ArAdhanA sAdhanA karake samasta karmoM ko kSaya kara DAlatA hai, arthAt AtmA ke sAtha karmoM ke sambandha ko sarvathA samApta kara detA hai, aura siddha-buddha-mukta ho jAtA hai| isI kAraNa bhavyajIva ke karma-sambandha ko anAdi-sAnta mAnA gayA hai| arthAt-karmapravAha kI dRSTi se bhavyajIva kA karma-sambandha anAdi hai kintu usakA anta avazya hai| AtmA aura karma kA saMyoga viyogapUrvaka nahIM hotA ___ isa sambandha meM eka zaMkA uThAI jAtI hai ki AtmA aura karmoM ke sambandha (saMyoga) ko yahA~ anAdikAlIna kahA gayA hai, yaha kaise ? kyoMki vizva meM jitane bhI saMyoga (sambandha) hote haiM, ve saba sAdi (AdikAla vAle) hote haiM, arthAt saMyoga-viyogamUlaka hote haiN| jina do vastuoM kA saMyoga pAyA jAtA hai, ve pahale kabhI na kabhI viyukta avazya thiiN| ataH kisI bhI saMyoga ko anAdi nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isakA samAdhAna bhI jainAcAryoM ne yoM kiyA hai-"saMyoga viyogapUrvaka hI ho, aisA koI ekAnta niyama nahIM hai| saMyoga viyogapUrvaka bhI hotA hai, viyoga pUrvarahita bhii| vyavahAra meM aise kaI saMyukta padArtha bhI dekhe jAte haiM, jo pahale kabhI viyukta the hI nhiiN| jaise-khAna ke nikale hue sone ko hI le leN| vaha svarNa miTTI se saMyukta hotA hai, sunAra ke hAthoM meM jAkara jaba usakA mala dUra kiyA jAtA hai, taba vaha zuddha svarNa kahalAtA hai| yadi koI pUche ki isa sone ke sAtha miTTI kA saMyoga kaba se huA ? kyA aisA bhI koI samaya thA, jaba sonA aura miTTI alaga-alaga par3I hoM, aura kisI ne donoM ko milAkara saMyukta kara diyA ho ? isakA uttara yahI milegA ki svarNa sadA se aisA hI thA, svarNa aura miTTI kA saMyoga viyogapUrvaka (viyogamUlaka) nahIM thaa| aisA koI kAla nahIM thA, jaba ina donoM kA saMyoga kabhI viyuktadazA meM rahA ho| jaise-svarNa aura miTTI Adi ke saMyoga (sambandha) kA koI AdikAla nahIM hai, vaha anAdi hai, vaise hI jIva (AtmA) aura karma paramANuoM kA saMyoga (sambandha) bhI anAdi samajhanA caahie| 1. jJAna kA amRta. pR. 39 For Personal & Private Use Only

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180 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) jIva aura karma kA saMyoga pravAhasantati kI apekSA anAdi yaha to sabhI anubhava karate haiM ki saMsArI jIva sote-jAgate, uThatebaiThate, calate-phirate kisI na kisI taraha kI halacala kiyA karatA hai; halacala kA honA hI karma-sambandha (saMyoga) kA kAraNa hai| saMsArI jIvoM ke karma kA pravAha kaba se calA ? ise koI bhI nahIM jAnatA, aura na koI batA sakatA hai| bhaviSyakAla ke samAna bhUtakAla bhI ananta hai| ananta kA varNana anAdi. yA ananta zabda ke sivAya kisI dUsare zabda se honA asambhava hai| isalie karma ke pravAha ko anAdi kahe binA anya koI cArA nahIM hai| jisa prakAra khAna ke bhItara svarNa aura pASANa, dUdha aura ghRta, aNDA aura murgI, yA bIja aura vRkSa kA saMyoga (sambandha) anAdikAlIna calA A rahA hai, usI prakAra jIva aura karma kA bhI pravAha santati kI apekSA svayaMsiddha anAdikAlIna mAnanA caahie| ' anAdi kI vyAkhyA ko samajhakara sAdi mAnane meM doSa kucha loga anAdi kI aspaSTa vyAkhyA kI ulajhana se ghabarA kara karmapravAha ko sAdi batAne lagate haiM, ve loga svamatikalpita doSa kI AzaMkA karake use dUra karane ke prayatna meM bar3e doSa ko svIkAra kara lete haiM ki yadi karmapravAha kI Adi mAnate haiM to jIva ko pahale hI atyanta zuddha-buddha honA caahie| phira use karmalipta hone kA kyA kAraNa ? yadi sarvathA zuddha buddha jIva bhI karmalipta ho jAtA hai to mukta hue jIva bhI karmalipta hone lgeNge| vaisI sthiti meM mukti ko soyA huA saMsAra hI kahanA pdd'egaa| parantu isa siddhAnta kA nirAkaraNa karake sabhI pratiSThita Astika darzanoM ne karmapravAha ke anAditva ko tathA mukta jIvoM ko punaH saMsAra meM na ate kI bAta ko ekasvara se svIkAra kiyA hai| sAdi-sa 2 da- sAnta sambandha kI mImAMsA ataH yaha spaSTa ho gayA ki abhavya jIvoM kA karma sambandha anAdiananta hai, aura bhavyajIvoM kA karma-sambandha anAdi- sAnta hai| aba rahI bAta tIsare sAdi - sAnta sambandha kii| aisA karma sambandha to bhavya aura abhavya donoM prakAra ke jIvoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| arthAt - vyaktirUpa se koI eka karma anAdi nahIM hai / vyakti kI apekSA se karma sAdi hai| AdikAla vAlA hai aura eka dina usa karma kI samApti (bhogane ke bAda kSaya) ho jAne se vaha sAnta (antakAla vAlA) bhI hai| eka jIva (AtmA) se pUrvabaddha karma apanI-apanI sthiti pUrNa hone para pRthak (viyukta) hote jAte haiM aura 1. karmagrantha bhA. 1 prastAvanA (marudhara kesarI mizrImalajI ma.) pR. 38 2. vahI, pR. 39 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA astitva kaba se aura kaba taka ? 181 naye-naye karma baMdhate jAte haiN| AtmA se purAne karmoM ke viyukta (alaga) hone ko jaina paribhASA meM 'nirjarA' kahate haiM aura AtmA ke sAtha naye karmoM ke sambandha (yukta) ho jAne ko 'bandha' kahate haiN|' isa prakAra pravAharUpa se karma ke anAdi hone para bhI vyaktizaH vaha anAdi nahIM hai / aura ahiMsAdi ke AcaraNa se naye karmoM kA pravAha ruka jAne (saMvara) se tathA tapa, saMyama Adi ke dvArA prAcIna (pUrvabaddha) karmoM ke naSTa ho jAne se AtmA mukta ho jAtI hai| yoM karmoM kI anAdi-paramparA prayatna-vizeSoM se samApta ho jAtI hai aura naye karmoM kA Asrava aura bandha punaH nahIM hotaa| ataH bhinna-bhinna karmoM ke saMyoga kA pravAha hI anAdikAlIna hai, kisI eka karma - vyakti kA saMyoga nahIM / vaha to sAdi - sAnta hai| kisI eka karmavizeSa kA AtmA ke sAtha anAdikAla se sambandha calA A rahA ho, aisI jaina karmavijJAna mAnyatA nahIM hai| ise eka udAharaNa se samajhie - mAna lIjie, eka manuSya ne kisI kI hatyA kara dii| hatyA karane ke bAda vaha pakar3A gyaa| usa para abhiyoga calA aura aparAdha siddha hone se nyAyAdhIza ne use mRtyudaNDa kA Adeza diyaa| yathAsamaya use phA~sI para laTakA diyA gyaa| jisa karma (mohanIyakarma) ke kAraNa use mRtyudaNDa milA, usa karma kI dRSTi se vaha karma sambandha sAdi huA, kyoMki eka dina usa karma kA prArambha huA thA, aura daNDa bhogane * ke bAda Aja usa kI samApti (kSaya) ho gii| isa dRSTi se vaha sAnta huA / isa dRSTi se yaha karma-sambandha - sAdi - sAnta kahalAtA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki kisI eka karmavizeSa ko lekara jaba cintana kiyA jAtA hai, taba vaha karma-sambandha sAdi - sAnta siddha hotA hai aura jaba karmapravAha ko lekara cintana kiyA jAtA hai, taba karma-sambandha anAdikAlIna siddha hotA hai, kyoMki jaba vyakti ke jIvana ke atItakAla kI ora dRSTipAta kiyA jAtA hai, taba koI aisI ghar3I nahIM milatI, jaba AtmA karmamala se yA karma-paramANuoM ke sambandha se sarvathA rahita rahA ho| isa 1. (ka) jJAna kA amRta (kha) karmavAda : eka adhyayana pR. 15 (ka) sa vIyarAgo kayasavvakicco, khavei nANAvaraNaM khaNeNaM / taheva jaM daMsaNamAvareI, jaM cAMtarAya pakareI kammaM / / savvaMtao jANai pAsae ya, amohaNe hoi niraMtarAe / aNAsave jhANa samAhipatte, Aukkhae mokkhamuvei saddhe / / (kha) karmamImAMsA (ga) jJAnamImAMsA pR. 39/40 3. jJAna kA amRta, pR. 39,40 -uttarAdhyayana a. 32/108-109 For Personal & Private Use Only

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182 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) dRSTi ko mukhyatA dekara jIva aura karma ke sambandha ko anAdikAlIna kahA N gayA hai / " AtmA ke sAtha karma ke anAdi aura sAdi sambandha kA spaSTIkaraNa pravAha - santati kI apekSA se AtmA ke sAtha karma ke anAdi sambandha at aura vyakti kI apekSA se sAdi sambandha ko spaSTataH samajhAne ke lie paMcAstikAya meM gayA gayA hai "jo jIva saMsAra meM sthita hai, arthAt janma-maraNAdirUpa saMsAracakra meM par3A huA hai, use mana-vacana-kAyA meM parispandana se rAga-dveSarUpa pariNAma hote haiN| pariNAmoM se naye karma baMdhate haiM / karmoM ke kAraNa nAnA gatiyoM meM gamana karanA (janma lenA) par3atA hai| usa gati ko prApta kara lene para vahA~ janma lenA par3atA hai, janma lene se zarIra milatA hai| zarIra prApta hone se usameM indriyA~ hotI haiN| indriyoM se vaha viSayoM kA grahaNa karatA hai| viSayoM grahaNa se phira rAgadveSadirUpa pariNAma hote haiN| isa prakAra saMsAra cakra meM par3e hue jIva ke (rAgAdi) bhAvoM se karma aura karma se bhAva utpanna hote rahate haiN| yaha karmapravAha abhavya jIva kI apekSA se anAdi - ananta hai aura bhavyajIva kI apekSA se anAdi - sAnta hai / " 2 saiddhAntika dRSTi se dekhA jAye to AtmA ke sAtha karma kA saMyoga prathama (mithyAtva guNasthAna) se prArambha hotA hai aura terahaveM (sayogI kevalI) guNasthAna taka yaha calatA hai| caudahaveM (ayogI kevalI) guNasthAna meM yogoM (mana-vacana kAyA kI pravRtti) kA sarvathA nirodha ho jAne para AtmA karma se sarvathA viyukta (mukta) ho jAtA hai| AtmA kA phira karma ke sAtha punaH saMyoga nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra karma kA astitva anAdi siddha hone ke sAtha-sAtha 'AtmA ke sAtha karma kaba se lagate haiM aura kaba taka rahate haiM ?', isa sandarbha meM - 'AtmA pahale yA karma ?', AtmA ke sAtha karma ke trividha sambandha kauna se aura kaise haiM ? ina saba zaMkAoM kA yuktisaMgata yathocita samAdhAna diyA gayA hai| 1. jJAna kA amRta pR. 40 2. (ka) jo khula saMsAratyo jIvo, tatto du hodi pariNAmo / pariNAmAdo kammaM, kammAdo hodi gadi su gadi / / 128 / / gadimadhigadassa deho, dehAdo iMdiyANi jAyaMte / hiMdu visayahaNaM, tatto rAgo va dosA vA // 129 // jAyadi jIvasseva bhAvo, saMsAracakkavAlammi / idi jiNavarehiM bhaNido aNAdiNidhaNo, saNidhaNo vA // 130 // (kha) karmagrantha bhA. 1 prastAvanA, pR. 39-40 - paMcAstikAya 128 se 130 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva ke prati anAsthA anucita 183 karma astitva ke prati anAsthA anucita AtmA aura karma ke prati AsthA : taba aura aba prAcIna bhArata ke ujjvala itihAsa kI pRSThabhUmi AtmA, karma, loka tathA paraloka ke prati AsthA ke tattvajJAna dvArA samRddha huI thii| una dinoM adhikAMza loga AtmA aura dharma-karma ke prati dRr3ha AsthAvAn the| unheM koI bhaya yA pralobhana dekara vicalita karane AtA to bhI ve kisI bhI mUlya para apanI AtmA ke zAzvata astitva ke, karmoM kI janma-janmAntara calane vAlI avicchinnatA ke, sva-para-kalyANakara dharma ke AcaraNa evaM phala ke prati apane sudRr3ha vizvAsa ko kabhI nahIM chor3ate the, aura na hI kabhI use jarjara evaM zithila hone dete the| aise pavitra vAtAvaraNa meM vyaktigata, pArivArika, sAmAjika aura rASTrIya evaM AdhyAtmika pragati kI anekAneka upalabdhiyA~ dRSTigocara hotI thiiN| unase agaNita logoM ko preraNA bhI milatI thii| ___ Aja AtmA aura karma ke astitva para AsthA kA sunaharI mulammA to car3hA huA hai, parantu tAttvika dRSTi se, tathA AdhyAtmika cintana kI dRSTi se vaha khokhalA hI nahIM, vikRta bhI hotA jA rahA hai| phalataH usakA lAbha milane kI apekSA usakI vikRti kI sar3Ana kI durgandha se hAni hI adhika uThAnI par3a rahI hai| AtmA aura karma ke astitva ke sambandha meM Aja anekoM pratyakSa aura parokSa pramANoM aura lekhoM ke bAvajUda bhI, arthAt AtmA aura karma ke astitva aura tatva ke jJAna-vijJAna meM vRddhi hone para bhI saMsAra ke adhikAMza buddhijIviyoM kI AsthA ina para se DagamagAne lagI hai| vartamAna meM AsthA-saMkaTa ke duSpariNAma aba prAyaH yaha samajhA jAne lagA hai ki hama cAhe jaisA ulaTA-sIdhA vyavahAra yA karma kareM, AtmA ke lie vaha hitakara ho yA ahitakara, isakA vicAra, AlocanA, pratikramaNa, pazcAttApa yA prAyazcitta karake Atmazuddhi kI dizA meM bar3hane kI apekSA saste nuskhe apanAe jA rahe haiN| unhIM saste nuskhoM ke AdhAra para manuSya svayaM ko parama Astika, samyaktvI, vizvAsI For Personal & Private Use Only

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184 karma - vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) aura phethaphula mAnane lagA hai| isI koTi ke adhikAMza loga apane duSkRtyoM para pardA DAlane ke liye mandira, masjida, girjAghara, sthAnaka, rAmadvArA, upAzraya, saMgata, gurudvArA Adi dharmasthAnoM meM jAkara paramAtmA, bhagavAn, gaoNDa, khudA yA prabhu kI thor3I-sI stuti, bhakti, pUjA-patrI, kriyAkANDa Adi yA dharmakriyA, stotrapATha Adi karake svayaM ko paramAtmA ke bhakta, Astika, zraddhAlu evaM dharmAtmA mAnane lagate haiN| ' deva Adi dvArA mAnava kA bhAgya badalane kI andhazraddhA Aja eka prakAra kI andhazraddhA adhikAMza logoM ke dimAga meM ghusa gaI hai ki amuka deva yA bhagavAn apanI marjI aura mauja ke mutAbika kisI ke bhAgya ko burA aura kisI ke bhAgya ko acchA likhate yA banAte rahate haiN| manuSya apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA nahIM hai, vaha ajJa hai, asamartha hai, bhalA usake kiye se kyA hogA ? isa prakAra svayaMkRta zubhakarmoM (satkRtyoM) dvArA apane bhAgya kA nirmANa karane yA use badalane kA tathya bhulAkara manuSya karma evaM karmaphala ke prati saMdehazIla, dvividhAgrasta, bana jAtA hai| parantu jaina dArzanikoM ne isa tathya ko spaSTa zabdoM meM abhivyakta karake karma ke astitva ke prati saMzaya, duvidhA, bhrAnti, andhavizvAsa Adi kI AMdhI ko ur3A diyA hai| "isa AtmA ne pahale (isase pUrva yA pUrvajanma meM) jo zubhAzubha karma svayaM kiyA hai, usakA zubhAzubha phala vaha svayaM hI pAtA hai| yadi koI dUsarA (deva, devI yA bhagavAn Adi) kisI vyakti dvArA svayaM na kiye hue karma kA phala de detA hai to aisI sthiti meM svakRta karma nirarthaka hI ThaharegA ! "2 yoM devI- deva yA bhagavAn Adi koI bhI zakti agara apanI icchAnusAra kisI ko karma phala dene lage to inheM zaktisampanna pAgaloM ke atirikta aura kyA kahA jA sakatA hai ? bhalA, pUjA-patrI aura mithyA yA atiraMjita prazaMsA tathA atyanta sastI upahAra sAmagrI pAkara koI bhI zakti yA devI-deva, bhagavAn apanI naitikatA- prAmANikatA ko tAka meM rakha dene vAle hote to Adhunika asta-vyasta rizvatakhora yA khuzAmada se bahakane 1. jaisA ki tulasIdAsajI ne rAmAyaNa meM kahA hai "vaMcaka bhakta kahAya rAma ke, kiMkara kaMcana koha kAma ke / " je janme kalikAla karAlA, vAyasa ke guNa, veSa marAlA // " 2. jaisA ki sAmAyika pATha meM kahA gayA hai svayaM kRtaM karma yadAtmanA purA, phalaM tadIyaM labhate zubhAzubham / pareNa dattaM yadi labhyate sphuTaM, svayaM kRtaM karma nirarthakaM tadA / / - zloka 30 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva ke prati anAsthA anucita 185 vAle sarakArI adhikAriyoM yA bAbuoM se bhI gaye-bIte bhoMdU siddha hote / parantu andhavizvAsa prerita vyakti sva-karma ke astitva ko bhUlakara inakA svarUpa aura kArya bhI aisA hI mAna baiThatA hai| vartamAna jIvana meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki jo vidyArthI kasakara mehanata karatA hai, use hI avazya usa satkRtya kA zubha phala (uttIrNa hone ke rUpa meM) milatA hai| jo vyAyAma karatA hai, vahI vyakti sudRr3ha va sazakta zarIra vAlA banatA hai| dUsarA koI deva yA bhagavAn aisA nahIM hai, jo kisI ko binA hI adhyayana kiye parIkSA meM uttIrNa kara de yA binA hI vyAyAma Adi kiye kisI ke bhI zarIra ko sudRr3ha evaM suDaula banA de, taba deva yA bhagavAn zubhAzubha karma ko kiye binA hI vyakti ko zubha yA azubha karma kA acchAburA phala kaise de degA? karma ke astitva ke prati AsthAhInatA : kyoM aura kaise ? __isI prakAra duSkarmoM kA tatkAla phala na milane ke kAraNa kucha logoM kI AsthA karma aura karmaphala se DagamagAne lagatI hai| ve isa tarja meM socane lagate haiM ki hamAre duSkRtoM ko kauna dekhatA hai ? phala to tatkAla milane vAlA hai nahIM / bAda meM bhI kisI janma meM milegA, taba dekhA jAegA; paramAtmA se apane una duSkRtyoM evaM pApoM ke lie mAphI mAMga kara unake duSpariNAmoM se baca jaaeNge| kaI loga zubhakarma karane vAloM ko nirdhana, abhAva-pIr3ita aura dara-dara ke mohatAja banate aura azubhakarma-pApakarma yA adharma karane vAloM ko sukha-suvidhAoM aura Arthika sampannatA se yukta dekhate haiM, to unakA hRdaya bhI karma ke astitva ke prati AsthAhIna hone lagatA hai| yaha to pratidina kA anubhava hai ki Aga ko chUte hI tatkAla hAtha jala jAtA hai, mirca khAne se muMha bhI tatkAla jalatA hai, isalie Aga ko chune aura mirca ko binA soce-samajhe khAne kI koI mUrkhatA nahIM karatA, kintu anya zubha yA azubha karmoM kA phala prAyaH tatkAla nahIM milatA, unake paripAka meM vilamba ho jAtA hai, isI meM bAlabuddhi ke adUradarzI loga adhIra hokara yaha socane lagate haiM ki karma nAma kI koI cIja saMsAra meM nahIM hai| yadi zubha yA azubha karma hotA to usakA phala tatkAla kyoM nahIM milatA hai| kaI nAstika to yahA~ taka kahane lagate haiM ki "barpha khAte hI tatkAla muMha ThaMDA ho jAtA hai, pAnI meM kUdate hI tatkAla DUbate haiM, zikaMje meM hAtha phaMsAte haiM to tatkAla hamArA hAtha daba jAtA hai| taba phira acche yA bure karmoM kA phala dera se milane yA isa janma meM na milane kI bAta se karma ko hI kyoM mAnA jAe ? jo kucha acchA yA burA karanA ho karate jaao|" For Personal & Private Use Only

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186 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) karma ke astitva ke prati AsthAhIna do varga isa prakAra karma ke astitva ko na mAnane vAle do varga bana jAte haiMeka varga aisA hai, jo paramparA se karma aura karmaphala kI bAta sunatA AyA hai, para isa samaya usakI AsthA karma ke astitva ke prati saMzayagrasta ho gaI hai| dUsarA varga - bilakula nAstika hai| vaha karma ke astitva ke viSaya meM saMzaya-sAgara meM magna hokara ulTe-sIdhe kutakaM karatA hai, aura karma ke astitva se sarvathA inkAra karatA hai| prathama varga kI azraddhA kA kAraNa prathama varga ke loga karma ke astitva se sarvathA inkAra to nahIM karate, kintu unakI zraddhA karma ke astitva ke viSaya meM DAMvADola ho jAtI hai| isakA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hotA hai ki aise vyakti kaI bAra aisI Akasmika durghaTanAoM, saMkaToM aura vipadAoM se ghira jAte haiM ki unase jUjhate jUjhate ve thaka jAte haiN| jaba unheM isa janma meM prApta saMkaToM evaM duHkhoM kA kucha bhI kAraNa samajha meM nahIM AtA, apanI smRti para bahuta jora lagA lene para bhI unheM apanI aisI koI tAtkAlika bhUla, galatI, aparAdha yA truTi nahIM mAlUma hotI, taba karma aura karmaphala ke prati unakI rahI-sahI zraddhA bhI vidA hone lagatI hai| taba ve karma ke astitva ke prati bhI azraddhAzIla hokara yaha socane lagate haiM ki dharma-karma kucha nahIM hai| agara karma hotA to itane Akasmika saMkaToM kI vRSTi mujha para kyoM hotI ? amuka vyakti ne hI mujhe hAni pahu~cAI hogI yA amuka devI, deva yA zakti ne mujhe para kopa kiyA hogA ! isa prakAra vaha nimittoM yA devI - devoM ko kosane lagatA hai| apane pUrvakRta duSkarmoM- sukarmoM kI ora usakA dhyAna hI nahIM jaataa| karma ke prati AsthAhIna : arthalipsu logoM ke cakkara meM aise samaya meM devI- devoM, graha-nakSatroM yA bhUta-pretoM ke arthalipsu svArthI ejeMTa apanI dUkAna lagAkara baiThe milate haiN| saMkaTagrasta vyakti kiMkartavyavimUr3ha hokara una nipaTa svArthI ejeMToM ke pAsa jAkara Akasmika saMkaToM kA kAraNa pUchate haiM to ve tapAka se bhUta-pretoM, amuka devI- devoM yA amuka graha-nakSatroM kA prakopa batalA kara pUjA-pATha, grahazAnti athavA bhUta-pretoM ke vazIkaraNa ke bahAne unase paryApta dhana aura sAdhana aiMTha lete haiN| athavA koI maMtra-taMtravAdI loga usake mana-mastiSka meM aisA bahama ghusA dete haiM ki kisI ne usa para tAMtrika prayoga yA mAraNa, mohana, uccATana yA vazIkaraNa maMtra kA prayoga kara diyA hai| karma ke prati pahale se saMdigdha saMkaTagrasta vyakti jhaTapaTa aise logoM ke cakkara meM A jAte haiN| vaha aisA nahIM soca pAtA ki For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva ke prati anAsthA anucita 187 isa janma meM dUsare kisI ko koI trAsa nahIM pahu~cAI hai, phira kyoM koI akasmAt hI mujhe trAsa degA yA mujhe akAraNa hI hAni pahu~cAegA ? aise samaya meM arthalipsu mAMtrika yA tAMtrika loga usake dimAga meM yaha bAta ThasA dete haiM ki kisI ne use DarA kara usase kucha dhana yA amuka vastu prApta karane ke irAde se aisA kiyA hogA, athavA kisI ko pralobhana dekara usase aisA jAdU-TonA yA ToTakA karAyA hogaa| isa prakAra ke arthalolupa vyakti usa saMkaTagrasta ko vAgjAla meM pha~sAkara athavA ulaTe-sIdhe kAraNa batAkara use Akasmika saMkaTa ke vAstavika kAraNa kI khoja se haTA dete haiM aura andhazraddhA ke mArga para calAkara use adhikAdhika saMkaTa ke bIhar3a vana meM bhaTakA dete haiN| saMkaToM ke vAstavika nidAna na hone se aisI visaMgata aTakalabAjiyoM se vyaktiyoM kA manaHsamAdhAna nahIM ho pAtA / ' phalataH aise bhole-bhAle loga karma ke astitva ke prati saMdigdha hI bane rahate haiN| nAstikoM kI karma ke astitva ke prati azraddhA kA kAraNa aura nivAraNa nAstika varga ke loga ina aura aise kisI andhavizvAsa, guruDama, jhAr3aphU~ka yA maMtra-taMtroM ke cakkara meM to prAyaH nahIM phaMsate, kyoMki adhikAMza nAstika buddhijIvI, tArkika yA pratyakSavAdI hote haiN| ve apane kisI bhI Akasmika saMkaTa, vighna, vipatti, duHkha, roga yA cintA ko sahasA pUrvakRta karma kA phala mAnane se katarAte haiN| ve 'karma' ke astitva ko jhaTapaTa mAnanA hI nahIM cAhate, pratyuta aise Akasmika saMkaToM ke viSaya meM UTapaTAMga kalpanA karake mana ko samajhA lete haiM, parantu jaba unake kisI putra, putrI, patnI yA mAtA-pitA Adi kisI svajana ko koI bhayaMkara roga ho jAtA hai, to ve pahale to yahIM kahakara samAdhAna kara lete haiM - khAna-pAna kI amuka galatI ke kAraNa isake yaha duHsAdhya roga huaa| parantu jaba khAna-pAna kI koI bhI tAtkAlika galatI ukta rogI kI nahIM mAlUma hotI, aura ve usa Akasmika roga kA kAraNa nahIM khoja pAte, taba sAdhAraNa sardI-garmI Adi ke lagane kI kisI kAraNa kI kalpanA karake manaHsamAdhAna kara lete haiN| usakI cikitsA ke lie nita naye cikitsakoM ke daravAje khaTakhaTAte rahate hai, unake dvArA batAI huI naI-naI davAiyA~ tathA peTeMTa auSadhiyA~ rogI ko khilAte rahate haiN| itane para bhI jaba bImArI nahIM miTatI; ulaTe, vaha bar3hatI hI jAtI hai, taba ve AzA-nirAzA ke jhUle meM jhUlate rahate haiM / auSadha, upacAra, cikitsA Adi saba vyartha siddha ho jAte haiN| bImArI kisI bhI 1. (ka) samatAyoga (ratanamuni) se bhAva- grahaNa, pR. 496 (kha) akhaNDa jyoti jUna 1977 ke aMka se sAra saMkSepa For Personal & Private Use Only

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188 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) upAya se miTane kA nAma hI nahIM letI, balki usake sAtha hI nita-naye / upadrava khar3e ho jAte haiN| aisI sthiti meM nAstika kahalAne vAle logoM ko bhI yaha mAnane ke lie majabUra honA par3atA hai, ki "yaha bImArI jo asAdhya-sI ho rahI hai, isa rogI ke kisI na kisI pUrvakRta karma kA hI . phala hai|" jaisAki yogazAstra meM kahA hai - "paMgupana, kor3hIpana aura kuNitva (ToMTApana) Adi hiMsAjanita karma ke phaloM ko dekhakara vivekI puruSa niraparAdha trasajIvoM kI saMkalpI hiMsA kA tyAga kreN|" vaidyoM evaM nItikAroM kI dRSTi meM rogAdi kA mUla kAraNa : karma prasiddha vaidya caraka, dhanvantari Adi bhI rogoM kA mUla kAraNa pUrvakRta azubha karmoM ko hI mAnate haiN| eka bAra jijJAsu agniveza ne AcArya caraka se pUchA- "saMsAra meM jo agaNita roga pAye jAte haiM, unakA kAraNa kyA hai ?" 'caraka saMhitA' meM AcArya ne batAyA ki-"vyakti ke pAsa jisa stara ke pApa saMcita ho jAte haiM, usI ke anurUpa zArIrika aura mAnasika . vyAdhiyA~ utpanna hotI haiN|"2 nItikAra cANakya ne bhI spaSTa kahA-"daridratA, duHkha, roga, zoka bandhana, saMkaTa aura vipattiyA~ ye saba, prANiyoM ke apane aparAdha (duSkama) rUpI vRkSa ke phala haiN|" manusmRti meM bhI isI tathya kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai-pApakarma se vyAdhi, bur3hApA, dInatA-nirdhanatA, duHkha evaM bhayaMkara zoka kI prApti hotI hai| choTe aura bar3e pApoM ke kramazaH choTe-bar3e phala prANI ko bhogane par3ate haiN| durAcArI puruSa loka aura samAja meM nindita hotA hai, vaha sadA duHkhI rahatA hai, rogI rahatA hai aura alpAyu hotA hai| jo pApa karma karatA hai, vaha unake phalasvarUpa daridra hotA hai, tathA kleza, duHkha, saMtApa, bhaya, saMkaTa aura rogoM se ghirA rahatA hai aura anta meM bemauta maratA hai|' -yogazAstra pra. 2 zlo. 19 1. paMgu-kuSTi-kuNitvAdi dRSTvA hiMsA phalaM sudhiiH| nIrAgastrasajantUnAM hiMsA saMkalpatastyajet // 2. caraka-saMhitA 3. (ka) AtmAparAdha vRkSasya phalAnyetAni dehinAm / dAridrya-duHkha-rogAni bandhana vyasanAni ca / (kha) pApena jAyate vyAdhiH pApena jAyate jarA / pApena jAyate dainyaM, duHkhaM zoko bhyNkrH|| durAcAro hi puruSo loke bhavati ninditH| duHkha bhAgI ca satataM, vyAdhito'lpAyureva ca // -cANakya nIti -manusmRti For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva ke prati anAsthA anucita 189 karmoM ke astitva ke prati azraddhA hone para ___ karma ke astitva ke sambandha meM vividha mahAna puruSoM ke anubhavayukta pramANa hone para bhI ye donoM koTi ke vyakti bAra-bAra karma ke prati azraddhA prakaTa karate rahate haiN| Age calakara donoM varga ke loga puNya (zubhakama) ke sambandha meM nirAza aura udAsIna tathA pApa (azubha kama) ke sambandha meM DhITha, nirbhaya aura niHzaMka ho jAte haiM, bedhar3aka hokara pApakarma karane lagate haiN| pApakarmoM ke prati niHzaMkatA-nirbhayatA aura satkarmoM ke prati upekSA yA udAsIna kA pramukha kAraNa karma ke astitva ke prati saMzaya, viparyaya yA anadhyavasAya hI pratIta hotA hai| yahI hai, vaha pramukha avarodharUpa caTTAna, jisase TakarA kara unakI Atmika pragati dhvasta ho jAtI hai yA cUra-cUra ho jAtI hai| manuSya karma kI sattA ke prati avizvAsarUpa avarodha ke kAraNa dhairya, gambhIrya, sadvicAra-sadAcAra ke prati niSThA, phala ke prati anAsakti, pavitratA, sAtvikatA, kSamAzIlatA, dayA, sahRdayatA Adi Atmika guNoM se bhI prAyaH bhraSTa, zithila aura udAsIna ho jAtA hai| vaha nahIM jAnatA ki karma ke astitva ke prati avizvAsa karanA, AtmA aura paramAtmA ke prati avizvAsa karanA hai| kyoMki AtmA aura karma donoM kA paraspara saMyogasambandha hai| isI ko dUsare zabdoM meM nAstikatA, anAsthA, mithyAdRSTi athavA azraddhA kahate haiN|' AsthAhIna apane lie aniSTa saMyogoM ko nimaMtraNa detA hai karmatattva ke prati azraddhAlu vyakti apane jIvana meM jo bhI dharmakriyAe~ tapa, japa, vrata, niyama Adi karate haiM, ve saba mithyAdRSTi se yukta hone se saMsArakSaya (karmakSaya) kAraka nahIM apitu saMsAravarddhaka hI hote haiM, aura jo AtmA aura karma ke astitva ke prati nAstika hokara nirbhayatAniHzakatApUrvaka aniSTa duSkRtyoM kA AcaraNa karate haiM aura sukRtyoM kI ghora nindA va upekSA karate haiM, ve to apane hI pairoM para svayaM kulhAr3I mArane kA-sA kArya karate haiN| sumArga ko chor3akara kumArga kI kaMTIlI rAha para calane se apane hI paira kAMToM se biMdhate haiN| apane hI aMgopAMga chilate aura kapar3e phaTate haiN| arthAt-karmoM kA kSaya karane kI apekSA hiMsA, jhUTha1. akhaNDa jyoti apraila 1977 se sAra-saMkSepa .2. (ka) tulanA kIjie - .... yenaiva dehena vivekahInAH saMsAramArga pripossynti| tenaiva dehena vivekabhAjaH saMsAramArga parizoSayanti // (kha) akhaNDa jyoti, sitambara 1977 se sAra-saMkSepa -adhyAtmasAra For Personal & Private Use Only

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190 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) phareba, corI-DakaitI, vyabhicAra - anAcAra Adi duSkarmoM meM niHzaMka pravRtta hone se ve bhayaMkara mahAmohanIya karmoM kA bandha kara lete haiM, jinase janma-janmAntaroM taka piNDa chur3AnA duSkara ho jAtA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM batAyA hai ki pracura karmoM ke lepa se lipta jIvoM ko aneka janmoM taka bodhi (samyaktva yA samyagdRSTi) prApta honI' ati durlabha hotI hai aura jo loga karma ke astitva ke prati saMdigdha hokara duSkarma to nahIM karate, kintu pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kSaya karane tathA naye Ate hue karmoM ko rokane ke lie koI puruSArtha nirjarA aura saMvara meM nahIM karate, ve bhI pUrvakRta karmoM ke udaya meM Ane para akasmAt ghora saMkaTa, vipatti aura duHkhoM se ghira jAte haiN| aisI duSparisthiti meM unheM pazcAttApa ke sivAya koI cArA nahIM rahatA / azraddhAluoM dvArA ghora duSkarma ananta saMsArabhramaNa kA kAraNa jo vyakti karma aura karmaphala ke astitva ke prati azraddhAlu hokara bhayaMkara duSkRtya karate rahate haiM, unake ghora duSkarmoM ke duSpariNAmoM kA to kahanA hI kyA ? maMkhalIputra gozAlaka bhagavAn mahAvIra se pRthak hokara unakA kaTTara virodhI bana gyaa| vaha svataMtra AjIvaka sampradAya kI sthApanA karake karmavAda ke prati AsthAhIna bana gyaa| usane niyativAda kI sthApanA kii| karma aura karmaphala vyavasthA ko mAnane se usane inkAra kara diyaa| jIvoM ko sukha-duHkha, sampatti - vipatti saba kucha niyati, bhavitavyatA yA honahAra se hotA hai| phalataH use hiMsAdi se karmabandha hone aura usake udaya meM Ane para una duSkarmoM ke kaTuphala bhogane kA koI vicAra nahIM rhaa| vaha mithyAgrasta ho gyaa| svacchandAcArI banakara manamAnI prarUpaNA karatA rhaa| ahaMkAra se uddhata hokara vaha bhagavAn kI ghora nindA karatA rahA, svayaM ko tIrthaMkara batAkara janatA kI dRSTi meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ko girAne kA upakrama karatA rhaa| hiMsA jaise ghora duSkarma kA vicAra na karake usane bhagavAn mahAvIra ke do ziSyoM - sarvAnubhUti aura sunakSatra muni ko tejolezyA ke prahAra se bhasma kara diyaa| yahA~ taka ki vizvavatsala bhagavAn mahAvIra jaise upakArI guru para bhI usane tejolezyA kA prahAra karake unheM bhasma karanA caahaa| parantu usakA yaha dA~va ulaTA hI usa para pdd'aa| bhagavAn mahAvIra para chor3I gaI tejolezyA punaH gozAlaka para hI par3I aura usakA sArA tana-vadana usakI atyanta uSNatA ke kAraNa prajvalita hone lgaa| usake prabhAva se vaha vikSipta aura unmatta-sA idhara-udhara ghUmatA rahA 1. bahukammaleva - littANaM bohI hoi sudullahA tesiM / For Personal & Private Use Only uttarAdhyayana sUtra 8/15

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karma astitva ke prati anAsthA anucita 191 aura kucha hI dinoM meM usakA prANAnta ho gyaa| yadyapi vaha sAdhudharma ke kaThora kriyAkANDa aura kaSTakAraka caryA kA pAlana karatA thA, parantu mithyA prarUpaNA aura karma evaM dharma ke astitva ke prati saMdehazIlatA tathA duSkRtya pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa use dIrghakAla taka saMsAra-paribhramaNa kA bhAgI honA pdd'aa| yaha thA, gozAlaka kI karma aura karmaphala ke astitva ke prati azraddhA ke duSpariNAma kA jvalanta nidarzana !' karma ke astitva ke prati zraddhAhInoM ke dvArA kI gaI kaThora sAdhanA niSphala niSkarSa yaha hai ki karma aura karmaphala ke astitva ke prati zraddhAhIna vyakti duSkarmoM ke bandhanoM se jakar3a jAte haiM aura digbhrAnta tathA kiMkartavyavimUr3ha hokara duSkarmoM kI bhUlabhulaiyA meM ulajhate tathA bhaTakAvoM se khinna aura udvigna bane dikhAI dete haiN| aise logoM kI kaThora caryA aura sAdhanA kI kamAI kusaMskAroM, mithyA-mAnyatAoM aura duSkarmoM ke garta meM girakara naSTa ho jAtI hai| dharma-karma ke prati zraddhAhInatA ke kAraNa jo vyakti nikRSTa cintana aura ghRNita kartRtva banAe rakhate haiM athavA durbuddhi aura duSpravRtti ko apanAte rahate haiM unheM kisI bhI pUjApATha kaThora kriyAkANDa yA sAdhanA meM saphalatA prApta nahIM hotii| karma ke astitva ko jhuThalAyA nahIM jA sakatA Aja jaba ki sArA saMsAra karma-vyavasthA ke AdhAra para cala rahA hai, taba isa prakAra phala ke prati saMdehazIla athavA sadyaH phalAkAMkSI loga bhrama meM par3eM rahate haiM aura karma ke astitva se hI inkAra karane lagate haiN| parantu kisI vastu ke astitva se inkAra karane mAtra se usake astitva ko jhuThalAyA nahIM jA sktaa| sUrya kA gamagAtA prakAza va Atapa sAre saMsAra ke prANiyoM ke dvArA dRzyamAna yA anubhUyamAna (spRzyamAna) hone para bhI agara ullU kahe ki sUrya hai hI nahIM, yA sUrya nAmaka kisI bhI padArtha kA astitva saMsAra meM nahIM hai, to kauna usakI bAta mAnegA ? kisI vastu kI anubhUti yA pratyakSa abhivyakti dera se hone para usa vastu ke astitva se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| karma tathA usake phala kI anubhUti dera-sabera se hone para usake astitva yA vastutva se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 1. (ka) dekhie-bhagavatI sUtra zataka 15 meM gozAlaka prakaraNa (kha) bhagavAna mahAvIra : eka anuzIlana (upAcArya devendra muni) 2. akhaNDa jyoti jUna 1977 se sAra-saMkSepa For Personal & Private Use Only

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192 karma - vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) ina kRtyoM kA phala tatkAla kahA~ milatA hai ? yaha to sabakA anubhava hai ki Aja kA boyA huA bIz2a kAphI samaya ke bAda vRkSa banatA hai| Aja kA jamAyA huA dUdha kala yA kama se kama cAra-pA~ca ghaMTe bAda dahI banatA hai| Aja hI par3hanA zurU karane vAlA Az2a kA Aja hI kahA~ vidvAn bana jAtA hai ? Aja se vyAyAma karanA prArambha karane vAlA Aja hI kahA~ bhIma yA hanumAna jaisA baliSTha aura rAmamUrti; gAmA yA seMDo ke samAna pahalavAna bana jAtA hai ? Aja se hI yama-niyama kI sAdhanA prArambha karane vAlA Aja hI nahIM, kabhI - kabhI eka janma meM bhI nahIM, kaI janmoM ke pazcAt siddhi prApta kara pAtA hai| bhagavadgItA meM bhI kahA gayA hai- "aneka janmoM ke pazcAt samyak siddhi prApta hotI hai, aura tatpazcAt jIva parA-gati (mokSagati) ko prApta hotA hai|" ataH yaha niyama ekAntarUpa se lAgU nahIM hotA ki karma karate hI usakA phala turaMta hI mila jaae| bhUmi meM bIja DAlate hI turaMta vaha aMkurita nahIM ho jAtA, na hI phUla-phala dene lagatA hai| kadama uThAte hI koI apane: gantavya sthAna taka nahIM pahu~ca jaataa| yAtrA prArambha karate hI koI apane nirdhArita sthAna para nahIM pahu~ca jaataa| bhojana peTa meM DAlate hI turaMta paca nahIM jAtA, use pacane meM bhI kAphI samaya laga jAtA hai|' vyavasAya zurU karate hI prArambha meM kahA~ jama pAtA hai ? vyavasAyI eka hI dina meM kahA~ vyavasAya jagata meM prasiddha hotA hai? isI prakAra kyA netA, kyA abhinetA, kyA rAjanetA, sabhI eka hI dina meM netRtva, abhinetRtva yA rAjanetRtva nahIM karane laga jaate| unheM bhI samaya paka jAne para loga parakhate haiM, tabhI netA, abhinetA yA rAjanetA mAnate haiN| kRSaka phala na milane para bhI AzA aura vizvAsa nahIM chor3atA kisAna bIja bote samaya isI AzA aura vizvAsa ke sAtha botA hai ki yaha bIja eka dina aMkurita, puSpita phalita hogA / vaha dhairya ke sAtha asaMdigdha mana se pratIkSA karatA hai aura eka dina apane puruSArtha kA phala svayaM dekhatA hai| yadyapi bIja bone se lekara phasala kATane taka kisAna DaTakara puruSArtha karatA hai, phira bhI kadAcit anna paidA nahIM hotA, yA 1. (ka) akhaNDa jyoti jUna 1977 (kha) samatAyoga (ratanamuni) se sAra-saMkSepa (ga) aneka janma- saMsiddhistato yAti parAM gatim - - bhagavadgItA a. 4, zloka 45 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva ke prati anAsthA anucita 193 ativRSTi - anAvRSTi Adi ke prakopa se phasala naSTa ho jAtI hai phira bhI kisAna mana meM kadApi avizvAsa nahIM lAtA ki bIja bonA bekAra hai, isase anna utpanna nahIM huaa| ataH vaha na to bIja ke astitva ke viSaya meM sandeha karatA hai, aura na hI usake bone ke pariNAma ke viSaya meN| vaha bIja aura usake AropaNa ke phala ke viSaya meM saMdigdha hokara agale varSa bIja bone kA puruSArtha chor3a nahIM detaa| duSpravRttiyoM se apanA hI ahita hai isI prakAra satkarma yA duSkarma karane para usakA sukha-duHkha rUpa phala turaMta yA isa janma meM na mile to bhI karmabIja aura usake phala ke hone meM saMdeha karanA apanI hI Atmika pragati ko rokanA yA apanI hI durgati ko nimaMtraNa denA hai| karma aura karmaphala ke astitva ke prati zraddhAhIna logoM dvArA duSkRtyoM, durbhAvanAoM aura duSpravRttiyoM se dUsaroM kA ahita aura apanA hita hone kI bAta socI jAtI hai, parantu vastusthiti isake sarvathA viparIta hai / " jaisA booge, vaisA kAToge duSkarma hoM yA sukarma ve to samaya para apanA phala diye binA hIM rhte| samagra jagat karma - vyavasthA ke AdhAra para calatA hai| 'jaisA tuma 'booge vaisA hI kAToge', yaha kahAvata prasiddha hai| kriyA kI pratikriyA avazya hotI hai| ghar3I kA peNDulama jisa ora se calatA hai, use lauTa kara vApasa usI ora AnA par3atA hai| geMda jahA~ se phaiMka kara mArI jAtI hai, vahA~ se lauTa kara vaha vApasa usI jagaha para AnA cAhatI hai / zabdavedhI bANa kI taraha zubha-azubha vicAra yA uccAra bhI antarikSa meM cakkara kATakara vApasa usI mana-mastiSka meM A virAjate haiM, jahA~ se unheM chor3A gayA hai| karma ke sambandha meM bhI yahI bAta hai| 2 'kriyA kI pratikriyA avazya hotI hai dUsaroM ke hita-ahita ke lie jo vicAra, uccAraNa yA AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, usakI pratikriyA kartA para to anivAryarUpa se hotI hai, jisake lie vaha vicAra Adi kiye gaye the, use lAbha-hAni bhale hI na ho| akhaNDa jyoti jUna 1977 se sAra saMkSepa (ka) 'Asyousow,soyou will reap' - English Proverb (kha) akhaNDa jyoti sitambara 1977 se sAra saMkSepa For Personal & Private Use Only

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194 karma - vijJAna : karma kA astitva ( 1 ) "jo jo kriyA hotI hai, vaha vaha avazya hI phalavatI hotI hai" yaha nyAya prasiddha hai| karma bhI vandhya, phalahIna yA napuMsaka nahIM hote, ve bhI tathArUpa pratirUpa pratikriyA - santati avazya utpanna karate haiN| ' dUradarzI vyakti karmaphala na milane para bhI duSkRtyoM meM pravRtta nahIM hotA hama pratyakSa anubhava karate haiM ki koI vyakti kupathya sevana karatA hai, usI dina usakA zarIra jarjara evaM asvastha nahIM ho jaataa| khAna-pAna meM saMyama na karane para usI dina zarIra rugNa nahIM ho jaataa| kisI vyakti ne vyabhicAra yA anAcAra kiyA, use usI dina hI jela kI sajA mila jAeM, aisA kahA~ hotA hai ? phira bhI vicArazIla evaM karma ke prati zraddhAvAn vyakti yaha socakara una aniSTa kRtyoM meM pravRtta nahIM hotA ki eka-do dina nahIM, parantu Akhira to eka na eka dina usa duSkRtya yA aniSTa pravRtti kA pariNAma bhugatAna hI paDegA / 'mahAbhArata' meM kahA gayA hai- "he sajjana ! jo vyakti zubha yA azubha jaisA bhI karma karatA hai, use usa karma kA phala avazya milatA hai|" vilamba meM hI dUradarzitA aura buddhimattA kI parIkSA ataH satkarmoM aura duSkarmoM ke sunizcita pariNAma ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue dUradarzitA apanAnI caahie| jaise adhyayana, vyAyAma aura vyavasAya kA phala tatkAla nahIM milatA, ina saba kriyAoM kI pratikriyA utpanna hone meM kucha samaya laga jAtA hai, isI prakAra satkarma aura duSkarma ke pariNAma meM kucha vilamba ho jAe to bhI nirAza aura bhramagrasta hokara karma evaM usake phala ke. sambandha meM avizvAsa nahIM prakaTa karanA cAhie / 1 isI vilamba meM manuSya kI dUradarzitA aura buddhimattA kI parIkSA hai| -yadi karma kA phala tatkAla milA karatA, taba kisI ke acche-bure kA nirNaya karane kI AvazyakatA hI na rahatI / corI karane vAloM ke hAtha TUTe ho jAte, para - strI para kudRSTi karane vAloM kI A~kheM phUTa jAtIM, aura jhUTha bolane vAle kA mukha sUja jAyA karatA yA hatyA karane vAle kA zIghra hI prANAnta ho jAtA athavA ThagI karane vAle ke dimAga kI nasa phaTa jAtI / parantu aisA kvacit hI hotA hai, karma aura usake phala ke bIca meM samaya kA vyavadhAna rahatA hai| jo manuSya isa dhIratA, buddhimattA aura dUradarzitA kI parIkSA meM phela ho jAte haiN| ve karma ke astitva ke prati saMdigdha hokara satkarmoM ke 1. ( ka ) akhaNDa jyoti, sitambara 1917 se sAra saMkSepa (kha) 'yA yA kriyA, sA sA phalavatI' For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva ke prati anAsthA anucita 195 sukhada phala kI sambhAvanA para avizvAsa karake unheM chor3a baiThate haiM aura duSkarmoM kA hAthoMhAtha phala na milate dekhakara unheM dhar3alle ke sAtha karane lagate haiN| adUradarzI prANI svayaM durdazA ke jAla meM phaMsate haiM ___ karma evaM usake phala ke anizcita hone kI bAta socakara hI adhikAMza adUradarzI vyakti duSkRtya karate haiM, kumArga para calate haiM, aura durdazA ke jAla meM phaMsate haiN| saMsAra meM pratyeka adUradarzI prANI durdazA aura duravasthA kA zikAra hotA hai| aisI hI adUradarzitA ke kAraNa pakSI pAradhI dvArA phailAye hue jAla meM phaMsa jAte hai, ve annakaNa dekhate haiM, jAla nhiiN| adUradarzI machalI ATe ke lobha meM apanA galA phaMsAtI hai aura bemauta mArI jAtI hai| rozanI para aMdhAdhuMdha TUTa par3ane vAle pataMge, kevala prakAza ko dekhate haiM, apanI mRtyu ko nhiiN| isI prakAra makkhI cAzanI ke lobha meM usa para baiThakara apane paMkha cipakA letI hai aura tar3apha-tar3aphakara prANa de detI hai| karma ke astitva ke prati saMdigdha duSkarmoM ke kAraNa daNDita hotA hai isa dUradarzitA, buddhimattA aura dhairya ko tilAMjali dekara jo vyakti niHsaMkoca duSkarma karate rahate haiM, ve bhale hI kucha logoM kI dRSTi meM bhale bane raheM, parantu unheM apane duSkarmoM kA phala kaI rUpa meM milatA hI hai| samAja meM unakI nindA hotI hai| caritravAn loga unase ghRNA karane lagate haiN| aise loga dUsaroM kI A~khoM meM avizvasta, aprAmANika aura asammAnanIya Thaharate hai| unheM kisI kA Thosa sahayoga evaM vizvAsa nahIM miltaa| pArivArika jana bhI unheM sadA AzaMkA kI dRSTi se dekhate haiN| parijanoM se unheM AtmIyatA evaM ghaniSThatA kA lAbha nahIM miltaa| janatA ke vizvAsa aura sahayoga ke abhAva meM ve naitika, AdhyAtmika, Arthika evaM sAmAjika kSetra meM pragati se vaMcita rahate hai| samAja dvArA ghRNA, tiraskAra, apamAna, asahayoga, apratiSThA, upekSA Adi ke rUpa meM duSkarmoM kA jo daNDa milatA hai, vaha kama nahIM hai| usakI antarAtmA bhI apane duSkarmoM ke kAraNa pIr3ita, cintita evaM vyathita rahatI hai| vaha aMdara hI aMdara sadaiva use kacoTatI rahatI hai| 1. (ka) akhaNDa jyoti sitambara 1977 se sAra saMkSepa / (kha) yatkarotyazubhaM karma, zubhaM vA yadi sattama / _avazyaM tatsamApnoti puruSo nA'tra saMzayaH / / - mahAbhArata vanaparva, a. 208 1. akhaNDa jyoti sitambara 1977 se sAra saMkSepa For Personal & Private Use Only

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196 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) pApakarma chipa nahIM sakate pApa aura pArA chipa nahIM sakatA, vaha dera-sabera meM phUTa-phUTa kara bAhara nikalatA hI hai| jaise hIMga kI gandha kaI thailiyoM meM banda karake rakhane para bhI phailatI hai, vaise hI pApakarmoM yA duSkarmoM kI durgandha havA meM isa taraha phailatI hai ki vaha chipAne para bhI nahIM chiptii| kahAvata hai . "pApa chipAye nA chipe, chipe to moTA bhaag| dAbIbI nA rahai, ruI-lapeTI aaNg|" eka savaiyA meM isa tathya ko eka vicAraka kavi ne anAvRta kiyA hai - "tAroM kI jyoti meM candra chipe nahIM, sUrya chipe nahIM bAdala chaaye| indra kI ghora se mora chipe nahIM, sarpa chipe nahIM pUMgI bjaaye| jaMga jur3e rajapUta chipe nahIM, dAtAra chipe nahIM mAMgana aae| jogI kA veSa aneka karo para, ____ karma chipe na bhabhUta ramAe / " duSkarmI samAjadaNDa, rAjadaNDa aura prakRtidaNDa pAtA hai __ kaI bAra aise duSkarmI ko samAja ke dvArA pratizodha, pratyAkramaNa aura Akroza ke rUpa meM ugradaNDa milatA hai| bahudhA aise loga mitravihIna, samAja bahiSkRta, ekAkI evaM nIrasa jIvana jIte haiN| AtmapratAr3anA aura naitika mRtyu to aise logoM kI pada-pada para hotI hai| kadAcit aisA vyakti samAjadaNDa se kisI taraha baca jAe kintu kitanI hI caturatA baratane para bhI vaha kabhI na kabhI zAsakIya daNDa kI pakar3a meM A hI jAtA hai| duSkarmI logoM kA damana karane ke lie hI korTa-kacaharI, pulisa, jela, phA~sI Adi zAsakIya daNDa kI vyavasthA hai| rAjadaNDa meM Arthika, zArIrika, mAnasika yAtanAe~ duSkarmI ko prApta hotI haiN| kabhI-kabhI apane duSkarmoM ke phalasvarUpa ve badanAma bhI hote haiM aura nAgarika adhikAroM se bhI vaMcita ho jAte haiN| duSkarma itane para bhI usakA piNDa nahIM chodd'te| kaI bAra duSkarmI logoM ko aneka zArIrika vyAdhiyA~ tathA cintA, tanAva, bhaya Adi mAnasika vyAdhiyA~ A gheratI haiM jo ribA-ribAkara mAratI haiN| kaI bAra aise 1. akhaNDa jyoti, jUna 1977 se sAra saMkSepa For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva ke prati anAsthA anucita 197 vyaktiyoM para akasmAt hArTaphela, brena hemareja, hRdayaroga kA AkramaNa Adi ho jAtA hai, kaI bAra ve svayaM vikSipta yA ardha vikSipta hokara yA mAnasika santulana khokara Atma-hatyA taka kara baiThate haiN| ina sAre pApakarmoM yA duSkRtyoM ke phala pratyakSa anubhava meM Ane para bhI jo vyakti karma aura karmaphala ke astitva ke viSaya meM zraddhAhIna banA rahatA hai, samajhanA cAhie, vaha apane lie svayaM durgati kA dvAra kholatA hai|' karmaphala vilamba se mile to bhI usake astitva ke prati zraddhA rakho karmaphala tatkAla na milane, dera se milane yA isa janma meM na milane ke kAraNa kaI adhIra loga AsthA kho baiThate haiM, aura vilamba hone ke kAraNa ve daNDa se bace rahane kI bAta socate haiM, magara pApakarmoM kA daNDa kisI na kisI rUpa meM milatA hI hai, isa viSaya meM sabhI dharmazAstra eka svara se sAkSI dete haiN| tatkAla phalavAdiyoM ke avyavahArya kutarka kaI tatkAla phalavAdI kaha baiThate haiM - hama to karma aura karmaphala ko tabhI satya mAneM aura karma ke astitva meM tabhI AsthA rakheM, jaba idhara karma kareM aura udhara usakA phala mila jaae| yadi kumArgagAmiyoM kI calanephirane kI zakti tatkAla khatma ho jAtI, SaDyaMtrakAriyoM kI smaraNazakti usI kSaNa naSTa ho jAtI, uddaNDatA karane vAle ko tatkAla asAdhya vyAdhiyA~ ghera letIM, DakaitI karane vAle ko usI dina lakavA mAra jAtA, bhraSTAcArI tatkAla daridra ho jAtA, to phira kisI ko dhokhAdhar3I, ThagI, corI, DakaitI, bhraSTAcAra, jAlasAjI, uddaNDatA yA SaDyaMtrakAritA sUjhatI hI nahIM, kisI ko pApakarma yA anaitika duSkRtya karane kA sAhasa hI na hotaa| isI prakAra sajjanoM ko unake dvArA apanAI gaI satpravRttiyoM, satkAryoM ke phalasvarUpa sampannatA, vidvattA, nIrogatA evaM saphalatA jaise lAbha mila jAyA karate to unheM bhI satkarmoM ke prati aruci, anutsAha yA nirAzA na hotii| samAdhAna aura anubhava isa avyavahArya tarka kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki yadi karmoM ke pratyakSa phala prApta hone kI kaThora vyavasthA saMsAra meM hotI to phira dharmazAstroM, 1. (ka) akhaNDa jyoti jUna 1977 se sAra saMkSepa ... (kha) pApena jAyate vyAdhiH, pApena jAyate jraa| pApena jAyate dainya, duHkha zoko bhayaMkaraH / / -manusmRti 2. (ka) akhaNDa jyoti, sitambara 1977 se sAra saMkSepa (kha) samatAyoga pR. 501 se sAra saMkSepa For Personal & Private Use Only

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198 karma - vijJAna : karma kA astitva. (1) dharmopadezakoM yA dharmasaMsthApakoM, sudhArakoM yA janasevakoM kI AvazyakatA hI na rahatI, aura na hI rAjakIya, sAmAjika evaM nyAyika daNDa vyavasthA kI jarUrata pdd'tii| phira to kisI ko nIti aura dharma kI maryAdA tor3ane kI naubata hI na aatii| satkAryoM se loga pratyakSa lAbhAnvita hote aura duSkRtyoM se svayameva daNDita ho jaate| karmaphala vilamba se milane para bhI sabhI vyavahAra hote haiM karmaphala para jo pUrNa AsthAvAna hote haiM, ve karma ke astitva ke viSaya kabhI sandeha nahIM krte| unakA anubhava yaha hai ki karmaphala vilamba se milane meM apavAda adhika nahIM, kama hI dRSTigocara hote haiN| lokavyavahAra meM hama dekhate haiM ki adhikAMza karmoM ke phala yathAsamaya milate hI haiN| jaisegRhastha jIvana meM kRSi, pazupAlana, cikitsA, zikSA, vyavasAya, naukarI, zizupAlana Adi aneka upayogI pravRttiyA~ calatI haiM, unakA phala bhI yathAsamaya milatA hai| anyathA inameM se koI bhI satpravRtti anizcitatA kI sthiti meM na cltii| pArasparika vyavahAra meM bhI sajjanatA - durjanatA, nyAyaanyAya, naitikatA - anaitikatA, sabhyatA - asabhyatA Adi kI pratikriyA bhI hotI hai, yadi pratikriyA na hotI to loga inake pariNAmoM ko dekha-sunakara svayaM ke svabhAva aura AcaraNa ko acchAI kI ora na DhAlate; vaijJAnika, adhyApaka, cikitsaka, upadezaka Adi bhI apane - apane satkAryoM meM pravRtta na hote| isalie yaha to kadApi nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki- zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala nahIM miltaa| rahI dera-sabera kI baat| yaha to karmoM ke paripakva hone para nirbhara hai| kArakhAnA lagAne se lekara paryApta lAbha milane taka kI prakriyA meM samaya kA kAphI antara rahatA hai, rope hue paudhe ko vizAla vRkSa banane aura phalane meM kaI varSa laga jAte haiN| isakA matalaba hai, pratyeka kArya ko saphalatA ke zikhara taka pahu~cane meM kAphI samaya lagatA hai| isalie karma kA phala tatkAla na milate yA kucha vilamba se milate dekha dhairya kho baiThanA aura karma yA phala ke viSaya meM saMdeha kara baiThanA, yA abhI phala nahIM milA to kabhI nahIM milegA, yaha mAna baiThanA bAlabuddhi kA lakSaNa hai| ' mahAn puruSoM ko milane vAle azubhakarmaphala kA kAraNa pUrvajanmakRta karma hai kaI loga karma aura karmaphala ke sambandha meM adhikAdhika anAsthA taba prakaTa karate haiM jaba ve dekhate - sunate haiM ki sadAcArI, nItimAna, dharmAtmA evaM 1. samatAyoga pR. 502 se sAra saMkSepa For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva ke prati anAsthA anucita 199 sajjana vyaktiyoM kI apekSA cora, DAkU, luTere, vyabhicArI, anyAyI, atyAcArI evaM bhraSTAcArI vyakti adhika sampannatA aura sukha-suvidhA prApta karate haiM aura jaba ve par3hate haiM ki itihAsa prasiddha mahAn caritravAn vyaktiyoM kA jIvana kaSToM aura yAtanAoM se pUrNa thA, taba to unheM aisA lagatA hai ki ghora andhera hai / karma - vyavasthA nAma kI koI vastu saMsAra meM nahIM hai| unakA tarka hai ki lokamaMgala kI bhAvanA se AjIvana prema pujArI, pavitra jIvana-jIvI IsAmasIha ko krUsa para laTakAyA gayA, yaha unakI vyApaka karuNA thI ki duSTa prakRti ke logoM ko unhoMne anucita mArga se haTAkara sanmArga meM lagAyA aura AjIvana logoM ko naitikatA aura sadAcAra kA upadeza dete rhe| AjIvana satyaniSTha, sadAcAra-parAyaNa, caritravAn evaM naitika AdarzoM ke dRr3ha anugAmI sukarAta ko jabarana viSa kA pyAlA pilAkara akAla meM hI mauta ke gAla meM dhakela diyA gyaa| pavitra jIvanajIvI svAmI zraddhAnanda aura satya-ahiMsA ke parama upAsaka mahAtmA gAMdhI ko golI kA zikAra honA pdd'aa| maryAdA puruSottama zrI rAma ko caudaha varSa taka vana-vana kI khAka chAnanI pdd'ii| zrI kRSNa ko anyAyI atyAcArI logoM ke trAsa se mukti pAne ke liye mathurA chor3akara saurASTra taka kUca karanI par3I aura vahIM dvArikA nagarI basAnI pdd'ii| aise karmayogI kI bhI ihalIlA jarAkumAra ke bANa se araNyabhUmi meM pUrNa huii| deza-videza meM vyAvahArika vedAnta kA pracAra karane vAle naiSThika brahmacArI svAmI vivekAnanda ko bhayaMkara roga ne A gherA, jisase asamaya meM hI unakA nidhana ho gyaa| svAmI rAmatIrtha bhI alpAyu meM hI isa saMsAra se vidA ho ge| rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa bhI gale ke kaiMsara ke kAraNa maraNa-zaraNa hue| parama dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika tapomaya jIvana jIne vAle bhagavAn mahAvIra ko apane jIvanakAla meM ghora kaSToM aura upasargoM kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| Adya zaMkarAcArya 28-30 varSa kI alpAyu meM hI paralokagAmI ho gae / ' ina saba tathyoM ko dekhakara sthUla dRSTi vAle adUradarzI vyakti karma evaM karmaphala ke astitva ke prati saMdigdha hokara kahane lagate haiM-saMsAra jinheM Adarza puruSa mAnatA hai, ve AjIvana pavitra jIvana-jIvI, sanmArgagAmI vyakti kyoM duHkhI, rogagrasta yA asamaya meM hI mauta ke mehamAna hue ? pUrvajanmakRta karmoM ke kAraNa hI vipatti, vartamAnajanmakRta nahIM bhArata ke sabhI Astika darzana ina saba zaMkAoM kA yuktiyukta samAdhAna isa prakAra karate haiM ki vartamAna jIvana hI kisI jIva kA samagra 1. samatAyoga, pR. 503 For Personal & Private Use Only

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200 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) . . jIvana nahIM hai| AtmA kI jIvanayAtrA aneka gatiyoM aura yoniyoM ke zubha-azubha karma-saMskAroM ko sAtha meM liye hue calatI hai| isalie isa janma meM sadAcArI, dharmaniSTha, pavitra, ahiMsA-satyamaya jIvana jIne vAle mahAn vyaktiyoM aura satiyoM para yadi koI saMkaTa, duHkha evaM kaSTa AtA hai yA AyA hai to samajhanA cAhie ki yaha unake kisI pUrvajanmakRta azubhakarma kA phala hai| pUrvajanmoM meM kiye hue duSkarmoM ke phalasvarUpa kaI vyakti janma se hI aMdhe, lUle, laMgar3e, kubar3e, apaMga evaM baiDola hote haiN| aSTAvakra pavitra, sadAcArI, jJAnI evaM saralatama vyakti the, phira bhI unake ATha aMga janma se hI Ter3he-mer3he the| duHkhavipAka sUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki mRgAlor3hA rAjA kA putra thA, usakA zarIra janma se hI phuTabAla kI taraha golamaTola mAMsapiNDa thaa| usake sAre zarIra meM sar3Ana ho gaI thI, jisase itanI durgandha AtI thI, ki pAsa meM khar3A rahanA bhI kaThina thaa| vaha na to svayaM khA-pI sakatA thA aura na hI usako khAyA huA pacatA thaa| usakI mA~ (mRgArAnI) mamatAvaza usake mu~ha meM kaura detI thI, magara vaha bhI mavAda banakara sar3a jAtA thaa| batAie, janma se hI mRgAlor3hA kI aisI durdazA kyoM huI, jabaki usane isa janma meM koI bhI duSkarma nahIM kiyA thA ? spaSTa hai ki yaha usake pUrvajanmakRta bhayaMkara duSkarmoM kA phala thaa| ataH karma ke astitva ke viSaya meM saMdeha kI koI guMjAiza nahIM hai| inakI janma se vilakSaNatA meM karma hI kAraNa hai| kaI loga janma se hI daridra, vipanna, mAnasika dRSTi se avikasita dekheM jAte haiN| isameM unakA isa janma kA koI duSkarma yA doSa nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra kaI loga janma se hI pratibhAzAlI, kalAkuzala, prakhara buddhizAlI evaM uttarAdhikArajanya sampannatA Adi se yukta hote haiN| unakI ina vizeSatAoM ke pIche isa janma kA koI puruSArtha yA abhibhAvakoM kA sahayoga athavA anukUla paristhiti bhI kAraNa nahIM hotii| ataH mAnanA hogA ki ina saba vizeSatAoM ke pIche pUrvajanmakRta zubhAzubha karma hI kAraNa hai| ataH karma ke astitva meM dRr3ha zraddhA rakhane vAle dUradarzI, vicArazIla vyaktiyoM kI taraha kaSToM aura vipattiyoM ke A par3ane para bhI na to karma aura karmaphala ke astitva ke prati anAsthA pragaTa karanI cAhie aura na hI nimittoM ko kosanA cAhie, balki Ae hue saMkaTa aura kaSTa ko pUrvajanmakRta karmoM kA phala mAnakara samabhAva se zAntipUrvaka saha lenA caahie| For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva ke prati anAsthA anucita 201 ye cAra siddhAnta adhyAtma kI sabhI zAkhAoM dvArA svIkRta (1) zarIra kI nazvaratA, (2) AtmA kI amaratA, (3) karma aura karmaphala kI sunizcitatA tathA (4) paraloka-punarjanma kI avazyambhAvitA, ye cAra siddhAnta aise haiM, jo kisI na kisI rUpa meM adhyAtma kI sabhI zAkhAoM meM pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN| kaI dharma-sampradAyoM meM amuka (kayAmata-pralaya ke) dina pApoM ke (svIkAra karane para) kSamA ho jAne kI aura maraNottara jIvana kI sthiti ke viSaya meM matabheda hai phira bhI vaha mAnyatA lacIlI hai, usameM punarjanma aura karma tathA karmaphala ke astitva kA kisI na kisI rUpa meM svIkAra kA svara hai| vaha mAnyatA itanI kaThora (kaTTara) nahIM ki usase uparyukta cAra adhyAtma-siddhAnta jar3a-mUla se kaTa jAte hoM, kyoMki ye cAroM adhyAtma siddhAnta vyaktigata jIvana ke adhikAdhika pAvana evaM zAlIna banAne kI bhUmikA taiyAra karate haiM, tathA sAmAjika, pArivArika evaM rASTrIya jIvana ko bhI sukha-zAntimaya banAne kI AdhArazilA rakhate haiN| karma ke astitva ko bhale hI naitika rUpa meM na mAnakara sAmpradAyika vizvAsoM kI paridhi meM lapeTa liyA gayA ho, phira bhI yaha nahIM kahA gayA ki acche-bure karma kA koI phala nahIM miltaa| isa jIvana meM nahIM, to maraNottara jIvana meM bhI karma kisI na kisI rUpa meM banA rahatA hai, vaha samaya Ane para phala detA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki choTe-moTe matabhedoM ke rahate hue bhI mUla siddhAntoM se prAyaH sabhI dharma-sampradAya yA darzana sahamata haiN| maraNottara jIvana meM karma aura karmaphala ke mAnane se lAbha ___ vartamAna jIvana meM zubha karma karane para bhale hI isa janma meM usakA sukhada pratiphala na mile, parantu maraNottara jIvana meM usakA maMgalamaya pariNAma upalabdha ho jAegA, isI vizvAsa ke AdhAra para loga tyAga aura balidAna ke bar3e se bar3e sAhasapUrNa kadama uThAte rahate haiN| karma aura karmaphala maraNottara jIvana meM bhI kartA ke pIche AtA hai, yadi isa siddhAnta meM vizvAsa na hotA to bhagavAn mahAvIra, tathAgata buddha, zrI rAma aura zrI kRSNa, IsAmasIha, sukarAta, hajarata mohammada athavA anya mahAn AdhyAtmika puruSa kyoM apane jIvana meM bhayaMkara kaSTa sahate, tapasyA karate, tyAga aura balidAna krte| isI prakAra isa janma meM kiye gae pApoM ke daNDa se bhale hI isa samaya cAlAkI yA cAturI se bacAva kara liyA jAe, para Age calakara usakA daNDa bhugatanA hI par3egA, yaha socakara manuSya duSkarma karane se apane hAtha roka letA hai aura kumArga para paira bar3hAne se DaratAjhijhakatA rahatA hai| adhikAMza krUrakarmA pApaparAyaNa vyakti antima samaya meM maraNottara jIvana meM milane vAle karmaphala kA vicAra karake zokasaMtapta ho For Personal & Private Use Only

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202 karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) jAte haiM, usa samaya ve karma evaM karmaphala ke astitva ko mAnane ke lie bAdhya ho jAte hai| krUrakarmA vyakti bhI mRtyu ke samaya svakRta-duSkarma-phala ke bhaya se satrasta 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra' meM batAyA gayA hai ki jo loga karma aura paraloka meM usake milane vAle phala ko na mAnakara ina sabako bekAra samajhate haiN| una nAstikoM kI dRSTi meM kAmabhogoM ke vartamAna meM hastagata sukha hI jIvana kI saphalatA ke kendrabindu haiM jo bhaviSyakAlIna sukha hai, vaha abhI parokSa hai, dUra hai, usa para use kataI vizvAsa nahIM hotaa| vaha socatA hai-kisane paraloka dekhA hai ? kise yAda hai- bhUtakAla kA sukha ? isa mAnyatA se prerita hokara jo loga hiMsAdi pApakarmoM meM rata rahate haiM, ve karmamala saMcita hone para antima samaya meM kisI bhayaMkara roga yA AtaMka se AkrAnta hone para khinna hokara atyanta paritApa karate haiN| ve isa jIvana meM kiye hue pApa karmoM ko yAda karake becaina aura zokamagna hokara socane lagate haiM ki "maiMne una nArakIya sthAnoM ke viSaya meM sunA hai, jahA~ tIvra vedanA hai| jo zIla se rahita krUra karmA ajJAnI jIvoM kI gati hai|"..... "isa prakAra mRtyu ke mukha meM par3A huA ajJAnI jIva usI prakAra zoka, pazcAttApa karatA rahatA hai, jaise ki dhurI TUTa jAne para gAr3IvAna karatA hai| isa prakAra maraNottara jIvana meM karma aura karmaphala ke anugamana ko na mAnane vAlA krUrakarmA ajJAnI jIva mRtyu ke samaya paraloka ke bhaya se atyanta saMtrasta hotA hai|" Azaya yaha hai ki krUrakarmA vyakti bhI antima samaya meM karma aura karmaphala ke astitva ko bAdhya hokara avyakta rUpa se mAna letA hai| sikandara antima samaya meM svakRta duSkarmaphala se trasta itihAsa-prasiddha sikandara jaba maraNAsanna thA, taba usane apane saba maMtriyoM, vidvAnoM tathA maulaviyoM Adi se pUchA-"maiMne jindagI meM itane krUrakarma karake AdhI duniyA para jo vijaya pAI hai tathA AdhI duniyA kI daulata ikaTThI kI hai, kyA yaha mere sAtha paraloka meM nahIM jAegI ?" isa para unhoMne spaSTa kahA- "hajUra ! Apake sAtha to eka tAgA bhI nahIM jaaegaa| Apake acche-bure karma hI Apake sAtha jaaeNge|" yaha sunakara sikandara bahuta royA aura pachatAne lagA-"hAya ! mujhe yaha mAlUma hotA ki mere sAtha paraloka meM na dhana jAegA, na jamIna aura na koI aiza-ArAma kA sAmAna, to maiM itanI ukhAr3a-pachAr3a kyoM karatA ? kyoM itane logoM ko satAkara, mArakara tathA trasta karake itane deza jItatA, kisI kI hatyA karatA aura itanA dhana ikaTThA krtaa| aba to yahI ho sakatA hai ki duniyA ko nasIhata 1. akhaNDa jyoti, maI 1976 se sAbhAra sAra saMkSipta 2. uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 5 gA. 5 se 16 taka kA sArAMza For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva ke prati anAsthA anucita 203 dene ke lie marane ke bAda mere donoM hAtha janAje (arthI) ke bAhara laTakA kara rakhe jAe~, tAki loga dekha sakeM ki sikandara paraloka meM khAlI hAtha jA rahA hai|"" aisA hI kiyA gyaa| sikandara kI isa kahAnI se spaSTa hai ki vaha isa loka se vidA hote samaya apane krUra pApakarmoM ke lie paraloka meM milane vAle phala ke viSaya meM socakara atyanta bhayabhIta aura zokasaMtapta huA thA / parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne yaha anubhava kiyA hai ki duSkarma kartA aura durbuddhigrasta manuSya marate samaya DarAvane dRzya dekhate haiN| unheM apane cAroM aura bhaya tathA AtaMka kA vAtAvaraNa chAyA dIkhatA hai| yamadUtoM kI DarAvanI AkRtiyA~, unakI dhamakiyA~ tathA pratAr3anAe~ bhI unheM anubhava hotI haiM tathA vaisI hI kaSTakAraka anubhUti hotI rahatI hai| yadi antaHkaraNa zAnta aura saMtulita huA to usa sthiti meM susaMskAroM aura satkarmoM kI pratikriyA svargIya sukhAnubhUti jaisI hotI rahatI hai| ihajIvanavAdiyoM dvArA anaitika evaM svecchAcArI pravRtti bhautikavijJAnI yaha kahate rahe haiM ki prANI eka prakAra kA rAsAyanika saMyoga hai| cArvAk Adi darzana paMcabhUtoM yA cArabhUtoM ke santulana krama se zarIra kI utpatti aura sthiti mAnate haiN| ina paMcabhUtoM ke bikharate hI yaha zarIra mara jAtA hai, usake sAtha hI yaha jIva bhI samApta ho jAtA hai| zarIra se bhinna AtmA (jIva ) kI koI svataMtra sattA nahIM hai / yaha mAnyatA manuSya ko nirAza hI nahIM, anaitika, svacchandAcArI aura . niraMkuza bhI banAtI hai| vaha socatA hai - jaba zarIra ke sAtha hI saba kucha mara jAtA hai taba ihalaukika kAmabhogajanya sukhoM kA jitanA upabhoga kiyA jA sake, mauja kI jA sake, utanI kyoM nahIM kara lI jAe ? yadi rAjadaNDa yA samAjadaNDa se bacA jA sakatA hai, to jaghanya aparAdhoM aura pApakarmoM dvArA zIghrAtizIghra adhika mAtrA meM sukha-sAdhana kyoM na juTA liye jAe~ ! ataH karma aura karmaphala meM anAsthA rakhakara maraNottara jIvana meM unakA astitva na mAnane vAle ajJa aura adUradarzI mAnava zubhakarma kA phala tatkAla na milane kI sthiti meM usake lie utsAhita nahIM hote aura yahI socate haiM ki puNya-paramArtha kA hAthoMhAtha koI lAbha nahIM milatA, taba kyoM samaya * aura dhana kI barbAdI kI jAe ? isI prakAra azubha karmoM kA phala tatkAla na milane kI kalpanA meM manuSya pApakarmoM ke daNDa se sAmAjika evaM rAjakIya 'bhAratIya itihAsa ke nAyaka' se saMkSipta akhaNDa jyoti jUna 74 ke 'mRtyu na to jaTila hai, na duHkhada' lekha se pR.29 akhaNDa jyoti, julAI 1974 se sArAMza uddhRta For Personal & Private Use Only

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204 - karma-vijJAna : karma kA astitva (1) bacAva kara lene kI upalabdha tarakIbeM DhU~Dhakara anIti apanAne se milane vAle arthalAbhAdi ko chor3anA nahIM caahtaa| samAja aura rAjya ke saMgaThana meM itane chidra haiM ki satkarmoM kA satpariNAma milanA to dUra, duSkRtyoM kA daNDa bhI prAyaH nahIM miltaa| aparAdhI khulakara khelate rahate haiM aura apanI cAlAkI aura caturatA ke AdhAra para kukRtyoM kA kisI prakAra kA daNDa pAye binA mauja karate rahate haiN|' karma ko paralokAnugAmI na mAnane se bahuta bar3I hAni __ isa sthiti ko dekhakara sAmAnya manuSyoM kA mana bhI anaitikatA apanAne aura duSkRtya karake adhika lAbha uThAne ke lie lAlAyita ho jAtA hai| isa pApalipsA para aMkuza rakhane ke lie karma aura karmaphala para dRr3ha AsthA rakhakara maraNottara jIvana ko mAnanA bahuta hI Avazyaka hai| anyathA vyakti, samAja aura rASTra ke jIvana meM anaitika-avAMchanIya tatvoM kI bAr3ha-sI A jAegI aura maryAdAoM ke bA~dha TUTa jaaeNge| dhArmika . mAnyatAoM kA aMkuza rahane para bhI jaba loga duSpravRttiyA~ apanAne meM saMkoca nahIM karate, taba mAnasika niyaMtraNa na rahane kI sthiti meM to bhayaMkara svacchandAcAra, niraMkuzatA evaM ucchaMkhalatA ke phaila jAne para samUcI mAnavajAti kA hI nahIM, samagra prANi jagat kA bhArI ahita hogaa| yaha bhISaNa mAnyatA vyakti kI garimA aura samAja kI surakSA, donoM dRSTiyoM se khataranAka hai| AstikatA ke mukhya cAra aMga apanAne Avazyaka bhautika vijJAna ne zarIra ke sAtha jIva kI sattA kA anta ho jAne kA jo nAstikavAdI pratipAdana kiyA hai, usakA pariNAma to hama naitikatA aura paropakAravRtti kI satpravRttiyoM kA bAMdha tor3a dene vAlI vibhISikA ke rUpa meM dekha rahe haiN| ataH vyakti kI AdarzavAditAA, garimA, samAja aura rASTra kI svastha paramparA aura surakSA ke lie AtmA, paraloka-punarjanma, karma aura karmaphala ke prati pUrNa AsthA rakhane kI AvazyakatA hai| isI AstikatA ke ina cAra mahatvapUrNa aMgoM kA pratipAdana 'AcArAMga sUtra' meM isI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai ki "AtmA kI zAzvatatA, loka paraloka (svarga-narakAdi) tathA punarjanma ke astitva, karma evaM satkriyA-duSkriyA ke phala (karmaphala) ke astitva para jo dRDha zraddhA rakhatA hai, vahI saccA Astika hai|"2 1. (ka) akhaNDa jyoti, julAI 1974 se sArAMza uddhRta (kha) akhaNDa jyoti, maI 76 2. 'se AyAvAdI loyAvAdI kammAvAdI kiriyAvAdI / ' - AcArAMga sUtra zru. 1, a. 1, u.1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma astitva ke prati anAsthA anucita 205 karma ko maraNottara jIvana meM anugAmI mAnane se lAbha AstikatA kA mahatvapUrNa aMga hai - maraNottara jIvana / maraNottara jIvana evaM punarjanma ke siddhAnta ko Aja to parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne aneka pratyakSa ghaTanAoM dvArA siddha karake batA diyA hai| isa AsthA ko akSuNNa rakhane se jo isa janma meM nahIM pAyA jA sakatA, vaha agale janma meM avazya mila jAegA, yaha soca kara manuSya bure karmoM se bacA rahatA hai aura satkarma karane ke utsAha ko banAye rahatA hai| tatkAla bhale-bure karmoM kA phala na milane ke kAraNa jo nirAzA utpanna hotI hai, usakA samAdhAna punarjanma kI mAnyatA para dRr3ha vizvAsa rakhe binA nahIM ho pAtA / karma kA maraNottara jIvana meM astitva na mAnanA kitanA ahitakara ? maraNottara jIvana kI saccI ghaTanAe~ karma aura karmaphala ke astitva ko to siddha karatI hI haiM, sAtha hI mAnava jAti ko utkRSTa cintana ke . kitane hI utkRSTa AdhAra pradAna karatI haiN| Aja koI hindU hai, bhAratIya hai yA ucca jAtIya vyakti hai, kala ko agale janma meM vaha karmaphalAnusAra IsAI, muslima, yUropiyana yA nIca jAtIya bhI bana sakatA hai athavA duSkarmoM ke phalasvarUpa vaha caNDakauzika Adi kI taraha sAMpa, bher3iyA, U~Ta, bakarA Adi bhI bana sakatA hai| phira kyoM isa siddhAnta ko na mAnakara vyakti anaitika evaM svacchanda pravRtti kare aura apane lie vipatti ke bIja boe ? Aja kA sattAdhIza yA uccakulIna mAnava kala apane nikRSTa karmAnusAra sAmAnya jana, achUta yA pazu bana sakatA hai| vaha anaitika vyavahAra, svecchAcAra yA pApayukta karma usake bhAvI jIvana ke lie kitanA aniSTakara, duHkhada evaM ahitakara hogA ? yaha socakara kauna samajhadAra aura dUradarzI vyakti karma ke yathAtathya siddha hone vAle astitva ko mAnane se inkAra karegA karma ke astitva ke prati AsthA - saMkaTa se baciye ataH dIrghadarzI, vicArazIla evaM janahitaiSI vyaktiyoM ko cAhie ki karma aura karmaphala ke astitva ke prati vartamAna meM Ae hue AsthA- saMkaTa se bacakara caleM, duSkarmoM se apanI AtmarakSA kareM, apanI sthiti, kSamatA aura zakti ke anusAra anivArya satkarmoM ko kareM aura samasta karmoM se mukta hone ke lakSya kI ora bddh'eN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAtma-zaktiyoM ke vikAsa kA utpreraka : karmavAda 207 THIERHITE karma-vijJAna (dvitIya khaNDa) HHHHHHETHERE For Personal & Private Use Only

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208 'karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana 1. adhyAtma - zaktiyoM ke vikAsa kA utpreraka : karmavAda . 2. vibhinna karmavAdiyoM kI samIkSA : cAra puruSArthoM ke sandarbha meM 3. karmavAda kA AvirbhAva 4. karmavAda kA tirobhAva - AvirbhAva kyoM aura kaba 5. karmavAda ke samutthAna kI aitihAsika samIkSA 6. karmazAstroM dvArA karmavAda kA adhyAtmamUlaka sarvakSetrIya vikAsa 7. karmavAda para prahAra aura parihAra 8. karmavAda ke astitva - virodhI vAda - 1 9. karmavAda ke astitva-virodhI vAda-2 10. paMcakAraNavAdoM kI samIkSA aura samanvaya For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAtma-zaktiyoM ke vikAsa kA utpreraka : karmavAda 209 (adhyAtma-zaktiyoM ke vikAsa kA utpreraka : karmavAda bhAratavarSa prAcInakAla se AdhyAtmikatA kI krIr3AsthalI rahA hai / yahA~ eka se eka bar3hakara tIrthakara, avatAra, sarvajJa, kevalajJAnI, vItarAgI, karmayogI, dharmaguru, AcArya, upAdhyAya, RSi-muni, sAdhu-saMnyAsI evaM mahAmanISI, dharma-dhurandhara hue haiN| jinhoMne azana, vasana, zayana-jAgaraNa, svapna, gamanAgamana, Asana, upavezana, bhojana, bhASaNa, yahA~ taka ki tyAga, tapa, vrata-niyama, zrama, vyavasAya, AvAsa, zikSaNa, Avazyaka Adi pratyeka pravRtti evaM kriyA ke sAtha adhyAtma kA Aloka pradAna kiyA aura usa kriyA yA pravRtti ko viveka, saMyama evaM upayoga sahita karane kA vidhAna kiyaa|' __sAtha hI una mahAn manISiyoM ne yahA~ taka mArga-nirdeza kiyA ki pratyeka kArya, phira vaha dhArmika, AdhyAtmika yA naitika hI kyoM na ho, use karate samaya AtmA kA hI zravaNa, manana aura nididhyAsana karanA caahie| tapa, japa, dharmAcaraNa-ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha yA parigraha-parimANa Adi vratAcaraNa, dayA, dAna, saMyama, sAmAyika, pauSadha Adi dhArmika kriyA evaM sAdhanA karate samaya bhI unhoMne ihalaukikapAralaukika phalAkAMkSA, tathA kIrti, prazaMsA, prasiddhi evaM pratiSThA, ahaMkAravRddhi evaM Asakti kI dRSTi se na karane kA spaSTa mArgadarzana diyA, aura ekamAtra Atmazuddhi evaM vItarAgatA kI dRSTi se hI sabhI dharmAcaraNoM evaM AdhyAtmika sAdhanAoM ko karane kA nirdeza diyaa| 1. jayaM care jayaM ciTTe jayamAse jaya se| - jayaM bhuMjato bhAsaMto pAvakamma na bdhi|| -dazavaikAlika sUtra, a. 4, gA.8 2. AtmA vA're zrotavyo, mantavyo, nididhyaasitvyshc| -bRhadAraNyaka 2/4/5 3. (ka) no ihalogaTThayAe tavamahiTThijjA, no paralogaTThayAe tavamahiTThijjA, no kiti-vana-silogaTThayAe tavamahiTThijjA, nanatya nijjara?yAe tvmhitttthijjaa|| (kha) no ihalogaTThayAe AyAramahiTThijjA, no paralogaTThayAe AyAramahiTThijjA, no . kitti-vanna-silogaTThayAe AyAramahiTThijjA, nanatya ArahatehiM heuhiM aayaarmhitttthijjaa|| -dazavaikAlika sUtra a. 9 u. 4 sU. 4-5 For Personal & Private Use Only

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210 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) yahI kAraNa hai ki una mahAmanISiyoM ne sabhI sAdhakoM ko sAvadhAna kara diyA ki pratyeka kadama vivekayukta ho tathA phUMka-phUMka kara kadama rakho, tumhAre cAroM ora bandhana aura pAza ke srota haiM, yadi tumane jarA-sI bhI asAvadhAnI (pramAda) kI to unameM phaMsa jaaoge| una maharSiyoM ne apane anubhavajJAna meM dekhA ki AtmA jaba pramAdayukta hokara apane zuddhasvarUpa ko chor3a detA hai, sAdhanA-patha para calatA huA bhI asAvadhAnI rakhatA hai, rAga-dveSa-moha Adi vijAtIya padArthoM-parabhAvoM ke cakkara meM par3a jAtA hai, taba vaha unase baMdha jAtA hai, adhyAtma-dRSTi ko cUka jAtA hai, usake phalasvarUpa use janma-maraNarUpa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karanA par3atA hai| isIlie unhoMne apane anugAmI sAdhakoM ko sAvadhAna karate hue kahA-"UrdhvadizA meM srota (zubhAzubhakarmapravAha) haiM, adhodizA meM srota haiM, tiryaka dizAoM meM bhI srota haiN| inheM dekho| inheM hI zubhAzubha karmapravAha (srota) kahA gayA hai, jinase AtmA ke sAtha (karmoM kA) saMga-bandha hotA hai|"2 yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne kahA-"dayA, kSamA, samatA, mRdutA Adi AtmaguNoM kI sAdhanA karate samaya bhI pahale ina saba guNoM kA samyagjJAna aura phira dayA (kSamAdi guNoM kA AcaraNa), isa prakAra sabhI saMyamI sAdhaka AtmabhAvoM meM sthita hote haiN| becArA ajJAnI kyA kara sakatA hai ? vaha kaise jAna sakegA ki kyA zreya hai kyA pApa ?" isa prakAra una pratibhAsampanna adhyAtmavijJoM ne adhyAtma kSetra ke pratyeka pahalU kA samyak adhyayana-manana-cintana kiyA aura jisa cirantana satya kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA, apane jIvana ko bhI usI sAMce meM ddhaalaa| unhoMne AtmA ke sAdhaka-bAdhaka padArthoM kA, AtmA ke lie hita-ahita, kalyANa-akalyANa, zreya-preya, lAbha-alAbha, guNa-avaguNa ityAdi tattvoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue Atma-hitakara padArthoM evaM tattvoM kA Azraya liyaa| saMsAra ke samakSa apanI anubhUtiyoM kI prabhAsvara razmimAlA prastuta karate hue unhoMne kahA-"sadaiva AtmA kA hita hI socanA aura karanA caahie| 1. care payAI parisaMkamANo, jaM kiMci pAsa iha mannamANo / -uttarAdhyayana a.4, gA.7 2. uDDha soyA ahe soyA, tiriya soyA viyaahiyaa| ee soyA vi akkhAyA jehi saMgati paashaa| -AcArAMga sUtra zru. 1, a. 6, u. 5 3. paDhama nANaM tao dayA, evaM ciTThai svvsNje| annANI kiM kAhI, kiMvA, nAhI u sey-paavgN|| -dazavaikAlika sUtra a. 4 gA. 10 For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAtma-zaktiyoM ke vikAsa kA utpreraka : karmavAda 211 pahale Atmahita hai usake pazcAt hI parahita hai| parahita gauNa hai, Atmahita hI mukhya hai / ' bhAratIya adhyAtma evaM dharma kA itihAsa evaM sAhitya isa tathya kA jvalanta pramANa hai ki AdhyAtmika anveSaNa, anusandhAna, zodha, gaveSaNA, evaM tadanusAra AtmakalyANa kI sAdhanA hI una mahAmanISI mahApuruSoM ke jIvana kA ekamAtra abhISTa lakSya rahA hai| isI AdhyAtmika dRSTi, AdhyAtmika utkrAnti aura AdhyAtmika preraNA ke dvArA bhAratavarSa ne sAre vizva kA netRtva kiyA aura vizva ke AdhyAtmika guru ke mahatvapUrNa pada ko alaMkRta kiyaa| bhArata kI puNyabhUmi para sabhyatA aura saMskRti kI, dharma aura adhyAtma kI, AdhyAtmika cintana-manana kI, darzana aura dharma kI tathA saMskRti aura nIti kI vicAradhArA AdikAla se hI surasaritA gaMgA kI pAvana dhArA kI taraha abAdhagati se bahatI calI A rahI hai| sAMkhya, yoga, nyAya, vaizeSika, mImAMsA, vedAnta, bauddha aura jaina prabhRti aneka darzanoM aura vaidika, jaina, bauddha Adi dharmoM ne yahA~ janma grahaNa kiyaa| ye sabhI yahA~ puSpita- phalita hue| ina sabakI vicAradhArAe~ Asetu himAlaya taka phailiiN| usa yuga sabhI varga ke logoM ne samudra se bhI adhika gambhIra evaM gagana se bhI vyApaka usa adhyAtma vidyA kA Acamana kiyaa| itanA hI nahIM, yahA~ ke manasvI tattvajJAniyoM ne AtmA-paramAtmA, ihaloka-paraloka, karma-akarma, puNya-pApa, dharma-adharma, Adi kamanIya tattvoM kI gagana- vihArI kalpanA evaM preraNA hI nahIM kI, jIvana ke gambhIra evaM aTapaTe praznoM para bhI apanI yukti, anubhUti aura sUkti ke AdhAra para vivecana, evaM vizleSaNa kiyA hai, svayaM bhI una tathyoM para anuzIlanaparizIlana kiyA hai| unhoMne adhyAtmavidyA kA gaurava gAna bhI kiyA aura svayaM bhI AtmA se paramAtmA banane meM Amrava, bandha Adi bAdhaka tattvoM se dUra rahakara samatA, kSamA, saMyamazIlatA, tapa, tyAga, vItarAgatA, saMvara evaM nirjarA ke Agneya patha para agrasara hue| 1. AdahidaM kAdavvaM 2. parisaha - riu - dantA, dhUyamohA jiindiyA / savvadukkhapahINaTThA, pakkamanti mahesiNo // dukkarAI karittANaM, dussahAI sahittu ya / ittha devaloesu, kei sijjhanti nIrayA // khavittA puvvakammAI, saMjameNa taveNa ya / siddhimaggamaNupattA, tAiNo pariNivvuDA // 4000 - dazavaikAlikasUtra a. 3 gA. 13-14-15 For Personal & Private Use Only

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212 * karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) AtmaguNoM ke vighAtaka cAra ghAtikarmoM kA samUla unmUlana karake ve svayaM vItarAga, jIvanmukta paramAtmA bne| apanA maulika evaM svayambhU anubhava-prasAda bhI unhoMne saMsAra ko vitarita kiyaa| jisa samaya una para bhayaMkara saMkaTa, vighna, kaSTa aura upasarga Ae, usa samaya bhI unhoMne kisI bhI anya zakti, bhagavAn yA prabhu se sahAyatA kI athavA usa saMkaTa evaM kaSTa se ubArane kI prArthanA/yAcanA nahIM kI; unhoMne apane Apako TaTolA, apanI deha meM virAjamAna videha (zuddha AtmA) kI zakti kI khoja kI aura apanI Atma-zakti ke sahAre usa saMkaTa evaM kaSTa kA samabhAva se sAmanA kiyA, use apanI titikSAzakti se parAjita kiyaa| unhoMne apane vizuddha jJAna meM dekhA ki mere pUrvakRta azubha karma hI mere isa saMkaTa aura kaSTa ke kAraNa haiN| usameM nimitta koI bhI ho sakatA hai| ataH mujhe nimitta para kisI prakAra kA doSAropaNa yA roSa-dveSa kiye binA apane upAdAna (AtmA) ko hI doSayukta mAnakara ukta pUrvakRtakarma ke phalasvarUpa prApta kaSTa yA saMkaTa ko samabhAva se bhoga kara kSaya karanA cAhie aura apanI AtmA kI zuddhi karanI caahie| udAharaNArtha-zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana ko hI leN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dekhA ki zuddha AtmA ke sAtha karma lagakara use vikRta evaM durbala banAye hue haiN| ataH ve akele hI una karmoM se jUjhane ke lie udyata hue / sAdhanA-kAla meM pUrvakRta azubha karmoM ke phalasvarUpa kitane hI saMkaTa, upasarga evaM kaSToM ke pahAr3a una para TUTe; parantu bhagavAn mahAvIra akele hI samabhAva se sahakara una karmoM ko kSaya karate jA rahe the| eka bAra bhaktipUrNa hRdaya se devendra ne Akara prabhu-caraNoM meM nivedana kiyA- "bhagavan / Apa para bar3e-bar3e saMkaTa A rahe haiN| abodhajana Apako pIr3A pahu~cAte haiN| ataH maiM ApakI sevA meM rahakara ApakI hara prakAra se sevA karU~gA tAki koI Apako kaSTa na de ske|" bhagavAn mahAvIra ne indra ko uttara diyA- "devraaj| aisA nahIM ho sktaa| agara koI kaSTa detA hai to isameM merA kyA bigar3atA hai ? miTTI ke isa zarIra ko koI hAni pahu~cA sakatA hai, acchedya-abhedya AtmA ko kaise naSTa kara sakatA hai ? rahI bAta merI sAdhanA meM tumhArI sevA aura sahAyatA kii| tumhArI yaha dhAraNA ThIka nahIM hai| sahAyatA lene se maiM parAzrita aura suvidhA kA gulAma bana jaauuNgaa| phira maiM kaSTa-sahiSNu evaM titikSu hokara karmo ko kSaya nahIM kara skuuNgaa|' 1. "svavIryeNaiva gacchanti jinendrAH paramaM pdm| -triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAtma-zaktiyoM ke vikAsa kA utpreraka : karmavAda 213 jitane bhI arhat (vItarAga) paramAtmA hote haiM ve sahAya nirapekSa hokara apanI Atmazakti ke bala para hI karmakSaya karake parama (paramAtma) pada ko prApta karate haiN|" karma-mukti ke usa amara sAdhaka ne indra se kahA "indra ! koI bhI sAdhaka kisI deva, indra yA cakravartI Adi kI sahAyatA ke bala para na to atIta meM karmamukta pUrNa paramAtmA ho sakA hai, na hI vartamAna meM ho sakatA hai, aura na bhaviSya meM hI ho sakegA / " " yaha thA, bhArata ke mahAn AtmaniSTha mahApuruSoM kA ucca Adarza ! unhoMne pUrvakRta karmoM se malina AtmA ko pUrNa zuddha paramAtmA banAne ke lie apane satpuSArtha se, ananta Atmazakti, pUrNa AtmajJAna- darzana, evaM pUrNa Ananda kI sAdhanA kA Azraya liyaa| aura jagat ko bhI unhoMne adhyAtma kI pUrNatA ke lie karmavAda ko jAnane tathA navIna karmoM ke Agamana ko rokane (saMvara) aura pUrvakRta karmoM ke kSaya karane (nirjarA) kA mahatvapUrNa upadeza diyaa| unhoMne batAyA ki karmavAda ke rahasya ko jAnesamajhe binA adhyAtmavAda kA yathArtha parijJAna tathA AtmA ke parimArjanapariSkaraNa kA bodha nahIM ho sktaa| unhoMne jagat ke samakSa apanI anubhavasiddha vANI meM kahA "AtmA hI apane kRtakarmoM ke anusAra vividha gatiyoM aura yoniyoM . meM bhaTakatA hai" aura "apane hI puruSArtha se karma-paramparA kA sarvathA ucchedakara siddha buddha aura mukta paramAtmA banatA hai| " 3 yahI kAraNa hai ki bhArata ke sabhI Astika dArzanikoM, dharma-dhurandharoM evaM adhyAtmavijJoM ne kisI na kisI rUpa meM karmavAda kI carcA - vicAraNA kI hai| yadyapi karma ke svarUpa nirdhAraNa meM pratyeka darzana aura dharma meM mata - vibhinnatA rahI hai, phira bhI AtmA ke pUrNa vikAsa ke lie prAyaH sabane batAyA ki "AtmA jaba karmoM se mukta ho jAtA hai, tabhI vaha paramAtmA banatA hai|"4 ataH karma - vijJAna ko hRdayaMgama kiye binA koI bhI sAdhaka adhyAtma-vikAsa ke sarvocca zikhara taka nahIM pahu~ca sakatA, yaha nirvivAda siddha hai| 1. "indA ! na evaM bhUyaM, na evaM bhavvaM, na vA bhavissaI ... 2. jamiNaM jagaI puDho jagA, kammehiM luppati pANiNo / sayameva kaDehiM gAii, no tassa muccejja'puTThayaM // 3. jUhU ya parihINakammA siddhA siddhAlayamuventi / 4. appo vi ya paramappo, kamma-vimukto ya hoi phuDaM / 1 - mahAvIra cariya - sUtrakRtAMga 12/1/4 - aupapAtika - bhAvapAhuDa 151 For Personal & Private Use Only

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214 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) vibhinna karmavAdiyoM kI samIkSA : cAra puruSArthoM ke sandarbha meM cAra puruSArtha aura unake svarUpa bhAratIya saMskRti ke puraskartAoM ne dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa-ye cAra puruSArtha mAne haiM aura mAnava-jIvana ko vyAvahArika dRSTi se sucAru rUpa se saphala banAne ke lie ina cAra puruSArthoM kI ora unhoMne saMketa kiyA hai| artha-puruSArtha kA artha hai-jIvanayApana ke lie vividha sAdhanoMpadArthoM kA juTAnA aura kAma-puruSArtha kA artha hai-una juTAe hue padArthoM athavA indriyoM aura mana se grahaNa kiye hue vibhinna sajIva-nirjIva 'para'(Atma-bAhya) padArthoM kA rAga-dveSa evaM kaSAyapUrvaka upabhoga krnaa| dharmapuruSArtha kA yahA~ abhipreta artha hai-zubha yA kuzala karma (kartavya) karanA, naitika dRSTi se upAdeya, samAjamAnya zubha karmoM ko karanA, puNya kArya krnaa| dharma-puruSArtha yahA~ karmakSaya (nirjarA) yA karmanirodha (saMvara) karane ke artha meM vivakSita nahIM hai| cauthe mokSa-puruSArtha kA artha hai-pUrvakRta karmoM kA kSaya, navIna Ate hue karmoM kA nirodha karane hetu samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra aura samyaktapa meM puruSArtha krnaa| mokSa-puruSArtha ke mArga (sAdhana) ke rUpa meM tattvazradhdA tathA deva-gurudharma evaM zAstra para zraddhA dvArA samyagdarzanAcaraNa, zAstrIya jJAna, svAdhyAya Adi dvArA jJAnAcaraNa, ahiMsA-satya Adi vratoM-mahAvratoM tathA kSamA Adi dazavidha uttama dharmoM kI yA saMyama kI sAdhanA karanA cAritrAcaraNa evaM dvAdazavidha tapazcaraNa kA vidhAna hai| tapazcaraNa kA samAveza cAritrAcaraNa meM ho jAtA hai| 1. (ka) jaise ki bha. mahAvIra ne kahA hai nANaM ca daMsaNaM ceva carittaM ca tavo tahA / esa maggotti panatto, jiNehi varadaMsihi // -uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 28 gA. 2 (kha) samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritrANi mokSamArgaH / -tattvArthasUtra a. 1 sU. 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vibhinna karmavAdiyoM kI samIkSA : cAra puruSArthoM ke sandarbha meM 215 cAroM hI puruSArthoM kA sAdhya ina cAroM hI puruSArthoM kA sAdhya ihalaukika aura pAralaukika aura lokottara sukha-prApti rahA hai| kintu zarta yaha thI ki dharma aura mokSa ke aMkuza meM artha aura kAma puruSArtha raheM, tabhI ihalaukika evaM pAralaukika tathA lokottara sukha (AtmAnanda) prApta ho sakatA hai| yadi artha aura kAma niraMkuza raheM to unase kSaNika vaiSayika sukha bhale hI prApta ho jAya, ihalaukikapAralaukika jIvana meM saccA sukha athavA Atmika (AtmAdhIna-svAdhIna) sukha (Ananda) prApta honA bahuta hI duSkara hai| ekAnta dharma puruSArtha yadi kevala zubhakarma (puNya) ke upArjana karane artha meM ho, to vaha bhI janma-maraNa rUpa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karAne kA kAraNa hai| pracura puNyarAzi ke upArjana ke kAraNa kadAcit svarga (devaloka) meM devajanma yA mAnavajanma prApta ho jAe, parantu vaha bhI to saMsAra kA kAraNa hai| dharma-puruSArtha yahA~ saMvara-nirjarA kA hetu nahIM - koI kaha sakatA hai ki dharma to sAkSAt mokSaprApti kA kAraNa hai| jainadarzana ke mahAn vidvAn AcArya samantabhadra ne bhI samyagdarzana-jJAnacAritra rUpa ratnatraya ko dharma mAnA hai| jisase Atmazuddhi ho, karmoM kA kSaya yA nirodha jisa anuSThAna se ho, jisa anuSThAna ke sAtha kisI prakAra kI Asakti, mamatva, phalAkAMkSA athavA kaSAyavRtti na ho, vaha zuddha dharma hai| kintu jahA~ dharma-pAlana ke sAtha rAga, dveSa, phalAkAMkSA, yA bar3appana kI AkAMkSA, pratisparddhA, kaSAyavRtti, Asakti Adi kAluSya kI milAvaTa ho, vahA~ vaha zuddhatA nahIM rhtii| yahI kAraNa hai ki zuddha saMyama (saMvaranirjarArUpa dhama) jahA~ karma-kSaya evaM karmanirodha evaM mokSaprApti kA kAraNa hai, vahA~ sarAga-saMyama, saMyamAsaMyama, akAma nirjarA, tathA samyagjJAnarahita tapa se zubhakarma (puNya) bandha hone se ye devajanma-prApti ke kAraNa haiN| 'mokSapuruSArtha kA phala evaM upAdeyatva - isIlie zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra Adi samasta tIrthaMkaroM, avatAroM, mahApuruSoM evaM RSi-muniyoM ne mAnava-jIvana kA antima lakSya mokSa yA paramAnanda kI prApti batAyA hai| unhoMne mokSa ko hI ekAnta nirAbAdha 1. saddarzana-jJAnavRttastu dharma dharmezvarA viduH / yadIya-pratyanIkAni bhavanti bhavapaddhatiH // -ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra zlo. 3 2. sarAga saMyama-saMyamAsaMyamAkAmanirjarA-bAlatapAMsi devasya / -tattvArthasUtra a. 6 sU. 20 For Personal & Private Use Only

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216 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) Atmika sukha (Ananda) prAptirUpa kahA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pAvApurI ke apane antima pravacana meM yahI kahA thA-(karmabandha ke mUla kAraNa) rAga aura dveSa ke samyagtayA kSaya se, ajJAna aura moha se vivarjita (rahita) hone se tathA samasta samyagjJAna kA prakAza ho jAne se sAdhaka ekAnta (nirAbAdha) sukharUpa mokSa ko prApta karatA hai|" yaha hai mokSa-puruSArtha kI sAdhanA para bhAratIya adhyAtmavidoM evaM adhyAtmaniSThoM dvArA bala dene kA mukhya kaarnn| jainadarzana ke anusAra mokSa kA artha hai-2 sampUrNa karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya ho jaanaa| isalie ekamAtra mokSa hI mAnava-jIvana kA antima lakSya hone se pichale tIna puruSArthoM ke kAraNa hone vAle karmamAtra, cAheM ve puNyarUpaM hoM yA pAparUpa, heya haiN| mokSa puruSArtha hI sarvathA upAdeya hai| mokSa puruSArtha ko upAdeya mAnane kA prabala kAraNa mokSa-puruSArtha ko sarvathA upAdeya mAnane kA eka prabala kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki usI puruSArtha ko mukhyarUpa se apanAne ke kAraNa vyakti avyAbAdha evaM aikAntika ananta Atmika sukha (Ananda) ko prApta kara sakatA hai aura samasta duHkhoM se sarvathA aura sarvadA mukta bhI ho sakatA hai| 'dazavaikAlika sUtra' meM isI tathya kA samarthana karate hue kahA gayA hai"parISaharUpI zatruoM kA damana karane vAle, moha ko prakampita (dharAzAyI) karane vAle jitendriya maharSi samasta duHkhoM ko naSTa karane ke lie (karma-mokSarUpa) puruSArtha (parAkrama) karate haiN|"3 / yaha nizcita hai ki jaba taka ATha karmoM meM se cAra ghAtI (AtmaguNavighAtaka) karmoM se jIva mukta vItarAga kevalajJAnI nahIM ho jAtA, taba taka use saMsAra kI vividha gatiyoM aura yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karanA par3atA hai| aura saMsAra samasta duHkhoM se otaprota hI hai| ___ 'bhagavAn mahAvIra ne janma-maraNAdirUpa saMsAra ko duHkhamaya batAyA hai-saMsAra meM janma duHkharUpa hai, maraNa duHkharUpa hai, jarA (vRddhAvasthA) bhI 1. nANassa savvassa pagAsaNAe, annANa-mohassa vivajjaNAe / rAgassa dosassa ya saMkhaeNa, egaMtasokkhaM samuvei mokkhaM / / - uttarAdhyayana a. 32, gA.2 2. kRtsna-karmakSayo mokSaH / -tattvArthasUtra a. 10 sU. 3 3. parIsaha-riudantA dhUyamohA jiiMdiyA / savva dukkhapahINaTThA pakkamati mahesiNo / 4. mohakSayAjJAna-darzanAvaraNAntarAyakSayAcca kevalam / -tattvArtha a. 10./1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vibhinna karmavAdiyoM kI samIkSA : cAra puruSArthoM ke sandarbha meM 217 duHkharUpa hai, aura vividha Adhi-vyAdhi-upAdhi (zArIrika mAnasika roga) bhI duHkhakAraka haiN| aho / nizcita hI yaha saMsAra ekAnta duHkharUpa hai, jisameM sAMsArika prANI kleza pA rahe haiN|"1 / isalie mokSa ko chor3akara yA mokSapuruSArtha kI upekSA karake pUrvokta tInoM puruSArthoM ko apanAnA saMsAra-paribhramaNa kA kAraNa hone se ekAnta svAdhIna evaM nirAbAdha Atmika sukha kA kAraNa nahIM hai| mokSapuruSArtha hI ekAnta, avyAbAdha evaM svAdhIna pUrNa sukha (AtmAnanda) kA kAraNa hai| isalie kahA gayA hai-"kuru kuru puruSArtha nirvRtaanndhetoH|" mokSa ke Ananda ke lie puruSArtha kro|" kauna-sI pravRtti upAdeya, kauna-sI heya ? yahA~ zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki puruSArtha mAtra meM pravRtti hai, bhale hI vaha zArIrika ho, vAcika ho yA mAnasika ho| tInoM prakAra kI pravRttiyoM ko jainAgamoM kI paribhASA meM trividha 'yoga' kahA gayA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA haikAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika karma yoga hai, aura vahI Asrava (karmoM ke Agamana kA kAraNa) hai| vaha Asrava zubha (puNya) aura azubha (pApa) donoM prakAra kA hotA hai| ataH mokSa puruSArtha bhale hI zubha pravRtti (zubha yoga) rUpa ho, phira bhI vaha zubhakarmoM ke Asrava kA kAraNa to hai hii| taba phira mokSa puruSArtha ke dvArA karmoM se chuTakArA (mukti) kaise saMbhava hai ? isakA yuktiyukta samAdhAna jainakarmazAstriyoM ne isa prakAra kiyA hai| sAmparAyika karmabandha se baco, aipithika se bacanA kaThina yaha satya hai ki pratyeka kriyA yA pravRtti se karma Ate haiN| kintu phalAkAMkSArahita yA kaSAya (krodhAdi yA rAga-dveSAdi) se rahita manavacana-kAyA kI zubha pravRtti yA kriyA ho, to usase karmoM kA Asrava to hotA hai, parantu usase una karmoM meM rasabandha yA sthitibandha nahIM hotA hai, prakRtibandha aura pradezabandha hI hotA hai, vaha aipithika karmabandha hai| isameM 'zubha karma Ate haiM kintu ve eka samaya taka rahate haiM aura dUsare samaya meM jhar3a jAte haiN| kaSAyasahita mana-vacana-kAyA kI pravRtti karane vAle ke sAmparAyika karmabandha hote haiN| isase karmoM kA rasabandha aura sthitibandha bhI 1. jamma dukkhaM jarA dukkhaM rogA ya maraNANi ya / ___ aho dukkho hu saMsAro, jatya kIsati jaMtuNo // -uttarAdhyayanasUtra 19/15 2.. 'kAya-vAG-manaH karma yogaH / sa AmravaH / zubhaH puNyasya, azubhaH pApasya / ' -tattvArthasUtra 6/1-2-3 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma - vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) hotA hai / saMsAracakra kA mukhya kAraNa kaSAya-rAga-dveSa- moha Adi haiN| kaSAyasahita pravRtti hI saMsAracakra kA pramukha kAraNa hai| "" dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa puruSArtha kI maryAdAe 218 ataH manuSya jaba taka caudahaveM guNasthAna kI ayoga (yogoM kA sarvathA nirodha) kI bhUmikA para na pahu~ca jAe vahA~ taka vaha saMsAra meM hai| yadyapi bArahaveM-terahaveM guNasthAna meM mohakSaya ho jAne se kaSAyoM kA sarvathA abhAva ho jAne se cAra ghAMti karmoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra artha aura kAma puruSArtha bhI sAmAnya manuSya se lekara gRhastha-sAdhaka aura ucca sAdhaka ko karanA par3atA hai| uccasAdhakoM ko bhI apane jIvana nirvAha ke lie AhAra, pAnI, vastra-pAtrAdi upakaraNa yA grantha-pustaka Adi padArthoM ko juTAnA eka taraha se artha puruSArtha hai| hA~, vaha arthapuruSArtha kisI phalAsakti yA tIvra kaSAyAdi se yA mUrcchA-mamatvabhAva se prerita nahIM hotA / tathA paMcendriya viSayoM (indriyArthI) tathA manojanya viSayoM kA bhI use grahaNa karanA aura AhArAdi padArthoM kA saMyamI jIvana yAtrA ke lie upabhoga karanA eka taraha se unakA kAma - puruSArtha hai, kintu nirgranthoM - uccasAdhakoM kA artha-kAma- puruSArtha dharma se yukta evaM mokSa puruSArtha kI sAdhanA meM sahAyaka hone se vaha azubha karmabandha kA kAraNa nahIM hotaa| isIlie dazavaikAlika sUtra meM nirgranthoM ke dharmayukta artha - kAmapuruSArtha kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 2 gRhastha sAdhaka (samyaktvI aura vratI zrAvaka) ko bhI jIvana nirvAha evaM jIvana-yAtrA calAne ke lie artha aura kAma puruSArtha karanA par3atA hai| parantu vahA~ ve donoM puruSArtha vrata, niyama, maryAdA, tyAga, pratyAkhyAna AdirUpa dharma-puruSArtha se yukta hote haiN| sAmAnya mArgAnusArI sadgRhasya bhI jIvana meM nIti, nyAya aura grAmadharma, nagaradharma, rASTradharma Adi sAmAnya dharmoM kA pAlana karate hue artha aura kAma kA sevana maryAdApUrvaka karatA hai| mokSalakSya dharmayukta artha-kAma- - puruSArtha niSkarSa yaha hai ki uccasAdhaka ho, gRhastha-sAdhaka ho athavA sAmAnya sadgRhastha ho, usake sAtha jaba taka zarIra aura mana hai, indriyA~ 1. (ka) jogA payaDipaesa ThiI aNubhAgaM kasAyao vuccai / (kha) sakaSAyAkaSAyayoH sAmparAyikeryApathayoH / - tattvArthasUtra a. 6 sU. 5 (ga) rAgaM dosaM ca taheva moha uddhattukAmeNa samUlajAla...... / - uttarAdhyayana 32/9 (gha) dukkhaM jAi maraNaM vayaMti / vahI, 32/7 2. 'haMdi dhammatthakAmANaM niggaMthANaM suNeha me / ' - dazavaikAlikasUtra a. 6 gA. 4 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vibhinna karmavAdiyoM kI samIkSA : cAra puruSArthoM ke sandarbha meM 219 aura prANa haiM; taba taka use inheM TikAne, inase dharmapAlana karane, AdhyAtmika sAdhanA karane tathA gRhasthavarga ko AjIvikA karane evaM kuTumba, samAja tathA samaSTi ke prati apane karttavyoM ke nirvAha ke lie artha aura kAma puruSArtha kA sevana karanA par3atA hai, parantu vaha karatA hai dharmayukta, tathA mokSa-lakSya meM sAdhaka puruSArtha / artha aura kAma ke sAtha dharma- maryAdA kA tathA naitika maryAdAoM kA dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hotA hai| dharma se aviruddha artha aura kAma vyakti ko azubha karmabandha se roka dete haiN| jaisA ki 'dazavaikAlika niyukti' meM kahA gayA hai - 'dharma, artha aura kAma ye bhale hI paraspara virodhI kahe jAte haiM, kintu ve yadi jinavacana ke anusAra (dharma se anubandhita yA dharmAnukUla) rahate haiM, to ve kuzala (puNya) anuSThAna meM pariNata hokara (avirodhI) ho jAte haiN| mahAbhArata meM bhI dharma kI maryAdA meM artha aura kAma kA sevana karane kI preraNA kI hai| 2 saMyama ke hetu mokSapuruSArthalakSyI pravRtti nirdoSa hai sabhI koTi ke sAdhaka apane jIvana meM mana, vacana, kAyA se Avazyaka pravRttiyA~ karate haiM / parantu yadi ve pravRttiyA~ saMyama ke hetu se kI jAtI haiM to 'bRhatkalpabhASya' ke anusAra, "usI prakAra nirdoSa haiM, jisa prakAra vaidya ke dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA vRNaccheda (phor3e kA oNparezana) Arogya ke liye hone se nirdoSa hotA hai| " isI prakAra jahA~ nIti- dharmamaryAdAoM evaM saMyama sAdhanA kI dRSTi se mokSa puruSArtha kA lakSya rakhakara vivekapUrNa pravRtti kI jAtI hai, to vahA~ bhI vaha pravRtti pApakarma-bandhakAraka nahIM hotI / 'dazavaikAlika sUtra' meM sAdhaka ko mana-vacana-kAyA se kI jAne vAlI pratyeka pravRtti ( calane, uThane, baiThane, sone, khAne-pIne, bolane Adi kI kriyA) karate samaya yatanA (viveka) rakhane kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, tAki pASakarma kA bandha na ho| isake atirikta jo pravRttiyA~ (ratnatraya kI zuddha 1. dhammo atyo kAmo bhinne te piMDiyA paDisavattA / jiNavayaNe uttinnA, asavattA hoMti nAyavvA // 2. dharmAdarthazca kAmazca sa dharmaH kiM na sevyate ? 3. saMjamaheU jogo paujjamANo adosavaM hoi / jaha Arogga nimittaM gaNDacchedo vva vijjassa / / 4. jayaM care jayaM ciTThe, jayamAse jaya sae / jayaM bhujato bhAsato pAvakammaM na baMdha | Jain Education international - dazavai. niyukti 262 - mahAbhArata - bR. ka. bhASya gA. 3951 For Personal & Private Use Only - dazavai. a. 4

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220 * karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) . sAdhanA yA samyak-tapazcaraNa Adi) kevala karmakSaya kI dRSTi se kI jAtI haiM, ve abandhaka bhI hotI haiM, ve saMvara-nirjarAmaya hotI haiN| jaise ki 'dazavaikAlika sUtra meM nirjarA (karmakSaya) ke uddezya se tapazcaryA karane tathA vItarAgatA ke hetu se jJAna-darzana-cAritrAcaraNa kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai|' sarvathA pravRtti tyAga to caudahaveM guNasthAna kI bhUmikA se pUrva honA asambhava hai| ataH sAdhaka ke lie kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra kAMTe se kAMTA nikAlA jAtA hai, usI prakAra azubha (pApajanaka) pravRttiyoM ko nikAlane ke lie zubhapravRttiyoM kA Azraya liyA jA sakatA hai| isI kAraNa 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra' meM batAyA gayA hai ki khar3e hone, baiThane, karavaTa badalane, lAMghane aura tIvragati se gamana karane meM tathA indriyoM kA prayoga karane meM, saMrambha, samArambha aura Arambha karane meM zarIra ko pravRtta karate samaya sAdhu yatnapUrvaka apane para niyaMtraNa rakhe tathA pravRtti ke lie ina pAMca samitiyoM meM aura nivRtti ke liye tIna guptiyoM meM tathA cAritra meM pravRtti karate samaya azubha viSayoM se sarvathA nivRtta hokara ArAdhanA-sAdhanA kre|"3 pravRtti-nivRtti kA viveka isI dRSTi se jainAcAyoM ne vyavahAra-cAritra kI paribhASA kI haiazubha se nivRtti aura zubha meM pravRtti ko cAritra smjho| ataH mana ko pravRtta karate samaya pravRtti ko vyavahAra cAritra jAnanA caahie| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bhI pratyeka sAdhaka ko vidhi-niSedhAtmaka, athavA grahaNa-tyAgAtmaka yA pravRtti-nivRttyAtmaka AcaraNa meM bhI sAvadhAna karate hue kahA gayA haieka ora se sAdhaka nivRtti kare aura eka ora se pravRtti kre| arthAtasaMyama se vaha nivRtti kare aura saMyama meM pravRtti kreN| 5 1. (ka) 'nannatya nijjaraTThAe tavamahiTThijjA / " (kha) nanatya ArahatehiM heUhiM AyAramahiTThijjA / -dazavakAlikasUtra a. 9, u. 4 2. kaNTakenaiva kaNTakam iti nyAyaH -nyAyavijayajI 3. ThANe nisIyaNe ceva taheva ya tuyaTTeNa / ullaMghaNa-pallaMghaNe iMdiyANa ya jhuMjaNe // ' saraMbha-samArambhe AraMbhammi taheva y|| kAyaM pavattamANaM tu niyaMtejja jayaM jaI / / eyAo paMca samiIo, caraNassa ya pavattaNe / guttI niyattaNe vuttA, asubhatyesu savvaso // -uttarAdhyayana a. 24 gA. 24 se 26 taka 4. asuhAdo viNivitti, suhe pavitti ya jANa cArittaM / / 5. egao viraI kujjA, egao ya pavattaNaM / asaMjame niyattiM ca, saMjame ya pavattaNaM // - uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 31/2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vibhinna karmavAdiyoM kI samIkSA : cAra puruSArthoM ke sandarbha meM 221 __ adhyAtma sAdhaka zrImadrAjacandra ne isI satya tathya ko svIkAra karate hue apane bhAva isa prakAra vyakta kiye haiM, saMyama sAdhanA ke lie mana, vacana, kAyA kI pravRtti karate hue yadi sAdhaka sva-svarUpa meM lIna rahatA hai, sadA sarvadA vItarAga-AjJA kA lakSya rakhatA hai to vaha sAdhaka Ayu samApta hone para paramAtmabhAva meM lIna ho jAtA hai|' isalie jainadharma na to ekAntataH pravRttipradhAna hai aura na hI ekAnta nivRtti-prdhaan| isake matAnusAra nIti, nyAya, ahiMsAdi dharma athavA samyagdarzanAdi ratnatrayarUpa dharma, evaM AdhyAtmikatA pradhAna saMvara-nirjarAmaya mokSa-sAdhaka dharmalakSyI pravRtti upAdeya hai, aura kaSAya rAga-dveSa-moha, mamatva Adi jisa pravRtti se bar3hate hoM, usase nivRtti upAdeya hai| asaMyama, pApa evaM adharma kI ora le jAne vAlI pravRtti, athavA Alasya, pramAda, asAvadhAnI, saMyama ke prati upekSA, kriyAoM ke sAtha aviveka-ayatanA kI ora le jAne vAlI nivRtti heya hai| do puruSArthoM ko mAnane vAle pratyakSavAdI cArvAka Adi ____ karmatattva ko mAnane vAle sabhI Astika darzana evaM dharma-sampradAya dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa, ina cAroM puruSArthoM meM se koI varga do puruSArthoM ko, koI. tIna ko aura koI cAra puruSArthoM ko mAnate the| isa viSaya meM vibhinna vicArakoM ne apane-apane dRSTikoNa se vibhinna mantavya prastuta kiye haiN| jinakI dRSTi meM pratyakSa dRzyamAna jagat hI saba kucha hai| vaha paMcabhUtoM se utpanna zarIra ko hI saba kucha mAnatA hai| vahI cetanAzIla tattva hai, usake 'sivAya AtmA nAma kA koI svataMtra padArtha nahIM hai| isa zarIra ke samApta hone ke sAtha yahIM saba kucha samApta ho jAtA hai| ve karma aura karma ke phala ko nahIM mAnate, isalie svarga, naraka Adi paraloka ko bhI nahIM maante| aura na hI zubha karma karane kI, pUrvakRta karmoM ke kSaya karane yA Ate hue naye karmoM ko rokane kI preraNA inake dvArA racita granthoM meM hai, na hI inakI aisI mAnyatA hai, aura na utsukatA hai| aise pratyakSavAdiyoM kI vicAradhArA meM puruSArthadvaya - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM aisI mAnyatA ko 'tajjIva-taccharIravAda' kahA gayA hai| isI taraha usa yuga meM caturbhUtavAdI evaM paMcabhUtavAdI darzana bhI isI mata 1. saMyamanA hetuthI yoga-pravartanA, svarUpalakSe jina-AjJA-AdhIna jo| te paNa kSaNa-kSaNa ghaTatI jAtI sthitimA, ante thAye nijasvarUpamA lIna jo ||apuurv.|| -Atmasiddhi gA. 5 For Personal & Private Use Only

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222 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) se milatA-julatA thaa| bhAratIya chaha yA nau darzanoM meM 'cArvAka darzana' isa viSaya meM prasiddha huaa| ina saba pratyakSavAdiyoM yA bhUtavAdiyoM kI dRSTi meM ihaloka hI puruSArtha thaa| ye AtmA evaM karma nAmaka kisI tatva ko svataMtrarUpa se mAnane ke lie pratibaddha evaM utsuka nahIM the, jisase acche bure phala kI yA bhale-bure para-loka athavA janmAntara kI prApti hotI ho| karmatattva se apratibaddha svacchanda pravRtti (mana-vacana-kAyA se manamAnA AcaraNa yA kama) karanA hI unakA puruSArtha thaa| unakA mukhya mantavya sUtra thA-"jaba taka jIo, sukha se jIo; karja karake bhI ghI piio|' arthAtsvAdiSTa bhojya padArthoM kA manacAhA upabhoga kro| indriyoM aura mana kA jI meM Ae vaisA upayoga kara lo| jo kucha upabhoga yA mauja-zauka karanA hai, yahIM kara lo| marane ke bAda zarIra ko yahIM jalA dene ke pazcAt phira kahIM AnA hai, na jAnA hai| yahIM saba khela khatma hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM aise logoM kI vRtti ke viSaya meM kahA gayA haikAmabhogoM meM Asakta vyakti narakagAmI hote haiN| vaha kahatA hai-ye kAmabhoga hAtha meM Ae hue haiN| bhaviSya yA paraloka meM milane vAle kAmabhoga saMdigdha haiN| kauna jAnatA hai paraloka hai yA nahIM ? maiMne paraloka to dekhA nhiiN| yahA~ kAmabhogoM kI mauja (rati) to pratyakSa A~khoM ke sAmane isa prakAra ye pratyakSavAdI dArzanika karmavAda ko bilakula nahIM mAnate the| isalie paraloka ko mAnanA to dUra rahA, isa loka meM bhI ve dharma aura mokSa puruSArtha kI maryAdAoM ko tAka meM rakhakara dharmanirapekSa niraMkuza artha aura kAma ko hI jIvana ke sAdhya mAnate the| niSkarSa yaha hai ki ye aura isa prakAra ke pakSa yA darzana 'kAma' aura usake sAdhana ke rUpa meM artha-puruSArtha ke sivAya anya kisI puruSArtha ko nahIM mAnate the| niraMkuza jIvana-yApana hI unake jIvana kA lakSya thaa| apane hitAhita, kartavya-akartavya kA koI bhAna yA vicAra karanA aise logoM ko abhISTa nahIM thaa| 1. yAvajjIvet sukhaM jIvet, RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pibet / ___ bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutaH / / 2. je giddhe kAmabhogesu ege kUDAya gacchaI / na me diTe pare loe, cakkhudiTThA imA raI // hatyAgayA ime kAmA, kAliyA je aNAgayA / ko jANai pare loe, atthi vA natthi vA puNo // -uttarAdhyayana 5/5-6 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vibhinna karmavAdiyoM kI samIkSA : cAra puruSArthoM ke sandarbha meM 223 tripuruSArthavAdI karmavAda-samarthaka sAtha hI usa ati prAcIna yuga meM aise bhI cintaka the, jo yaha mAnate the ki mRtyu ke bAda janmAntara bhI hai| itanA hI nahIM, ve isa pratyakSa dRzyamAna loka ke atirikta anya zreSTha aura nikRSTa loka bhI mAnate the| ve punarjanma aura paraloka ko mAnate aura usakA yuktisaMgata pratipAdana bhI karate the| punarjanma aura paraloka ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM 'karmatattva' ko svIkAra karate the| unakA kahanA thA ki agara punarjanma aura paraloka na ho to yahA~ kiye hue zubhAzubha karma kA phala yadi yahA~ na mile to phira kabhI mila hI nahIM sktaa| isalie karma-siddhAnta ko mAnanA anivArya hai| yadi karma na hoM to janma-janmAntara evaM zreSTha-nikRSTa, ihaloka-paraloka kA sambandha ghaTita hI nahIM ho sktaa| ataeva punarjanma aura paraloka kI mAnyatA ke AdhAra para karmatattva kA svIkAra karanA anivArya hai| ye karmavAdI svayaM ko Astika evaM paralokavAdI kahate the| isa prakAra Astika mAne jAne vAle pratyeka vicAraka, mAnava, yA darzana, dharma-sampradAya yA mata ne ihaloka-paraloka tathA inake kAraNa ke rUpa meM karma aura karmaphala kA vicAra eka yA dUsare rUpa meM kiyA hai| karma aura karmaphala ke viSaya meM vicAra : kyoM aura kaise ? bhAratIya hI nahIM, vaidezika saMskRti kA anugAmI pratyeka vyakti, jo kucha svayaM karatA hai, usakA kyA phala hai ? isa viSaya meM jAnanA-samajhanA aura vicAra karanA cAhatA hai| isI dainandina anubhava ke AdhAra para vaha nizcita karatA hai ki usake lie kauna-sA kArya karaNIya hai, kauna-sA akaraNIya ? kauna sI pravRtti heya hai, kauna-sI upAdeya ? kisa karma, yA karma-tyAga se, athavA niSkAma sAdhanA se use prApta hue yA prApta hone vAle duHkha, saMkaTa, aniSTa, vipatti athavA durgati se yA durdazA se bacA jA sakatA hai ? kisake sAtha kaisA vyavahAra karanA cAhie, kaisA nahIM ?' yahI kAraNa hai ki prAgaitihAsika kAla se Adhunika kAla taka kA samasta pArivArika, * dhArmika, sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika cintana-manana aura nirdhAraNa eka yA dUsare rUpa meM karma aura karmaphala ke viSaya meM hotA A rahA hai| isI para se zruti, smRti, Agama, veda, upaniSad, itihAsa, purANa Adi meM vibhinna manISiyoM ne apane anubhava, siddhAnta evaM niSkarSa prastuta kiye haiN| 1. pratyahaM pratyavekSeta narazcaritamAtmanaH / - kinnu me pazubhistulya, kinnu satpuruSairiva / / For Personal & Private Use Only

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224 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) . karmavAdiyoM ke mukhya do dala ina karmavAdiyoM ke bhI mukhyatayA do dala rahe haiN| eka thA-pravartaka dharmavAdI aura dUsarA thA-nivartaka dhrmvaadii| yaha to donoM dharmavAdI mAnate the ki paMcabhUtAtmaka yA paugalika zarIra se bhinna, kintu usameM vidyamAna eka anya tattva-AtmA jIva hai, jo anAdi-ananta hai, ajara-amara-avinAzI hai| karma-vizeSa se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa anAdikAlIna saMsAra (janma-maraNa) yAtrA ke daurAna vaha vibhinna bhautika zarIroM ko dhAraNa karatA aura tyAgatA rahatA hai| parantu pravartaka dharmavAdI dala kA yaha mantavya thA ki janma-janmAntara ke isa cakra (saMsAra-paribhramaNa) kA sarvathA uccheda kadApi zakya nahIM hai| ina karmatattvavAdiyoM ke mata meM pravRtti hI pradhAna thI, vaha bhI ihalaukika-pAralaukika pravRtti hI inake matAnusAra upAdeya thii| lokottara karmakSayakAraka pravRtti inheM abhISTa nahIM thii| unakI prarUpaNA isa prakAra kI thI ki karma kA phala, janma-janmAntara aura paraloka avazya hai, yadi acchA' loka aura adhika sukha pAnA hai, athavA sukha-sAmagrI evaM bhoga-sAmagrI pAnA hai to usake lie karma bhI zreSTha honA cAhie; garhita aura nindita niSiddha karma kA tyAga usake lie anivArya hai| zreSTha loka aura adhika sukha-bhoga pAne ke lie dharma-vizeSataH vedavihita karma hI AcaraNIya evaM karaNIya isa mata ke anusAra adharma-pApa heya hai aura dharma-puNya upAdeya hai| isakA mantavya thA-"adharma-azubha karma yA doSa kA phala naraka Adi nikRSTa loka hai aura dharma-puNya yA zubha karma kA phala svargaloka hai| dharmaadharma hI prakArAntara se puNya-pApa haiM, ve hI 'adRSTa' kahalAte haiN| unhIM ke dvArA ihaloka-paraloka meM janma-janmAntara evaM maraNa Adi kA cakra calatA rahatA hai| usa cakra kA anta karanA kadApi saMbhava nahIM hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki pravartaka dhArA eka nizcita paridhi se Age nahIM bddh'ii| vaha zubhakarma aura usake phala taka hI sImita rhii| phalataH vaha jIva (AtmA) ko usakI asIma aura zuddha zakti kA samyagdarzana na karA skii| isa prakAra yaha pravartaka dharmavAdI dala paralokavAdI hote hue bhI svargaloka ko sarvazreSTha aura antima lakSyarUpa mAnatA thaa| aura usake sAdhana ke rUpa meM dharma, artha aura kAma, ina tIna puruSArthoM ko hI svIkAra karatA thaa| isI kAraNa yaha dala tripuruSArthavAdI athavA pravartaka-dharmavAdI ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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vibhinna karmavAdiyoM kI samIkSA : cAra puruSArthoM ke sandarbha meM 225 rUpa meM prasiddha huaa| mokSa aura usake sAdhana ke rUpa meM saMnyAsa, samyagjJAnAdi ratnatraya-sAdhanA, tapa, tyAga, saMyama, saMvara-nirjarArUpa dharma Adi isa dala ko bilakula mAnya nahIM the| yaha dala gRhastha-varga kI sAmAjika-suvyavasthA kA hI vizeSataH pratipAdaka evaM samarthaka rhaa| isalie isane bahujana-sammata, ziSTa puruSoM dvArA mAnya, evaM vedavihita AcaraNoM se dharma kI tathA nindya evaM vedaniSiddha AcaraNoM yA karmoM se adharma kI utpatti batalAkara karmaphala ke rUpa meM prAyaH sAmAjika suvyavasthA hI nizcita kii| isI suvyavasthA kA saMketa yatra-tatra vedAdi granthoM meM milatA hai| yahI pravartaka dharmavAdI dala Age calakara brAhmaNa-mArga, mImAMsaka aura karmakANDI nAma se vikhyAta huaa| nivartaka dharmavAdI dala : mokSa puruSArtha pradhAna karmatattvavAdiyoM kA dUsarA dala pUrvokta dala ke dRSTikoNa se AMzika rUpa se sahamata hote hue bhI mAnava-jIvana ke antima lakSya ke viSaya meM sarvathA bhinna mata rakhatA thaa| usakA mantavya thA ki tathAkathita zreSTha loka (svargaloka) prApta kara lene meM hI jIva ke puruSArtha kI vizeSataH mAnava-jIvana ke parAkrama kI antima pariNati nahIM hai, aura na hI zubhAzubha karma ke kAraNa janma-maraNarUpa saMsAracakra meM hI paribhramaNa karate rahanA, usakA antima lakSya ho sakatA hai| usakI antima maMjila athavA antima pariNati yahI hai, aura honI cAhie ki vaha (sAMsArika AtmA-jIva) apane Apa ko karmoM se sarvathA vimukta tathA tapa-saMyama kI saMvara-nirjarAmaya sAdhanA se AtmA ko sarvathA zuddha karake isa janma-maraNarUpa saMsAracakra se sadA-sadA ke lie mukta hokara saccidAnandaghanarUpa athavA ananta-jJAna-darzana-zakti-AnandarUpa siddha-paramAtmA kI sthiti prApta kara le| aisI dhruva, anAdinidhana, ziva, acala, aruja, ananta, akSaya, avyAbAdha, aura apunarAgamanarUpa siddhi, mukti evaM sthiti prApta karanA hI jIvamAtra kA, vizeSataH mAnava kA yathArtha puruSArtha hai| usake puruSArtha kA tejasvI evaM UrjasvI rUpa tabhI pragaTa hogA, jaba vaha siddha, buddha, mukta hokara samasta duHkhoM kA anta kregaa| aura samasta 1. (ka) savvadukkhapahINaTTA pakkamati mhesinno| dazavai. 3/13 uttarA. 28/36 (kha) savvakamma khavittANaM siddhi pattA aNuttaraM // -unarA. a. 23, gA. 48 2. "sivamayalamaruamaNaMtamakkhayamabbAvAhamapuNarAvitti siddhi gaI nAmadheyaM tthaannN....|" - AvazyakasUtra meM praNipAtasUtra (zakra-stava) pATha / For Personal & Private Use Only

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226 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) duHkhoM kA anta bhI tabhI hogA, jaba unake kAraNabhUta karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya hogaa|' nivartaka dharmavAdI dala kA abhISTa, karmoM se mukti ___jahA~ kahIM nivartaka (nivRtti-pradhAna) dharma kA ullekha AtA hai, vahA~ sarvatra isI (nivartakadharmavAdI) dala kA saMketa hai| isa dala ke mantavyAnusAra Atyantika karma-nivRtti arthAt-karmoM se sarvathA mukti aura usake lie mokSa nAmaka caturtha puruSArtha karanA abhISTa hai aura vaha zakya bhI hai| karmoM kI Atyantika nivRtti kisI dUsarI zakti devI-deva, yA Izvara Adi ke sahAre se yA unake varadAna, AzIrvAda mAtra se nahIM, apitu svayaM AtmA ke samyak puruSArtha se hI sambhava hai| karma cAhe zubha hoM yA azubha, zreSTha hoM yA nikRSTa, puNya-rUpa hoM yA pAparUpa, donoM hI Asrava (karmAgamana) ke kAraNa. haiM, aura una tathAkathita karmoM (kAryo) ke sAtha rAga, dveSa, kaSAya, moha, : ajJAna (mithyAtva) Adi kA jAla hone se unase bandha avazya hogaa| aura karmabandha hotA rahegA, vahA~ taka janma-maraNa rUpa saMsAra-cakra se chuTakArA nahIM hogaa| isa prakAra karma kI utpatti ke mUla kAraNa kI mImAMsA karate hue isa nivartakadala ne kahA ki avazya hI punarjanma kA kAraNa karma hai; aura ziSTajanasammata vedavihita evaM tathAkathita samAja meM usa yuga meM mAnya yA pracalita karmoM (kAryo) ke AcaraNa se svarga bhI prApta ho sakatA hai, kintu svarga-prApti meM hI santoSa mAnanA, usase Ane kA zakya puruSArtha na karanA saMsArI jIva kA-vizeSataH mAnava kA carama lakSya nahIM hai aura na hI isameM AtmA ke samyak puruSArtha kI pUrNatA hai| isameM AtmA. ke dvArA zuddha, sva-svarUpa kI upalabdhi karake paramAtmapada ko prApta karane kA puruSArtha nahIM hai| ataH zuddha AtmabhAva kI upalabdhi, dUsare zabdoM meM karmoM se sarvathA mukta hokara paramAtmapada kI prApti, aura tadanusAra samyak puruSArtha kI pUrNatA ke lie adharma-pApa (azubhakama) kI taraha tathAkathita dharma-puNya (zubhakama) bhI heya hai| kaisI bhI ziSTa-sammata aura vihita sAmAjika pravRtti kA AcaraNa ho, usake pIche rAga, dveSa, kaSAya evaM tattvajJAna kI ajJAnatA hone se vaha adharmotpAdaka athavA karmabandhakAraka hI hotA hai| isalie puNya-pApa kA antara sthUla dRSTivAle vyaktiyoM ke lie hai, tAttvika dRSTi se to puNya aura pApa ye donoM hI rAga-dveSAdimUlaka hone se prakArAntara se Asrava aura bandha ke kAraNa haiN| ataH ye adharma evaM heya hI haiM; 1. khavittA puvvakammAI saMjameNa taveNa ya / siddhimaggamaNupattA tAiNo pariNivvuDA / -dazavaikAlika a.3,gA.15 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vibhinna karmavAdiyoM kI samIkSA : cAra puruSArthoM ke sandarbha meM 227 kyoMki AtmA kI pUrNa svataMtratA, karmabandhana se sarvathA mukti evaM samasta duHkhoM ke anta ke lie rAga-dveSa-moha-mithyAtva-mUlaka samAjapracalita ziSTa evaM vihita karma antatogatvA pApakarmoM kI taraha tyAjya hI samajhe jAne caahie| donoM daloM kI dhyeya dizA meM antara niSkarSa yaha hai ki pravartaka aura nivartaka dharma kI dhyeya-dizA eka dUsare se viruddha hai| pravartaka-dharmavAdI dala kA dhyeya "gRhasthavarga kI pArivArika' evaM sAmAjika surakSA aura vyavasthA se vaiSayika sukha kI prApti hai, jabaki nivartaka dharmavAdI dala kA dhyeya sva-puruSArtha se karmoM se sarvathA mukta hokara mokSasukha-Atyantika avyAbAdha zAzvata Atmika sukha kI prApti hai| nivartaka dala ke dvArA karmasiddhAnta kA vyavasthita vikAsa isa dala ne jaba karmoM kA sarvathA uccheda aura mokSa-puruSArtha ko mukhyarUpa se upAdeya aura abhISTa mAna liyA, taba ise karmoM ke ucchedaka evaM mokSa ke janaka kAraNoM para yukti, sUkti evaM anubhUti ke mAdhyama se cintana-manana evaM saiddhAntika dRSTi se nizcaya karanA anivArya ho gyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa dala ne vyavasthita rUpa se jIva (AtmA) ke sAtha ajIva padArthoM ke sambandha, tathA karmoM ke Agamana, bandha, evaM karmoM ke nirodha, AMzika kSaya evaM sarvathA kSaya karane ke sambandha meM (sAta yA nau tattvoM ke viSaya meM) vyavasthita DhaMga se yuktisaMgata cintana-manana karake siddhAnta sthira kiyaa| karmoM kI pravRtti ajJAna, moha, mithyAtva evaM rAga-dveSa, ... jaisAki uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM saMketa hai(ka) imaM vayaM veyavio vayaMti, jahA na hoi asuyANa logo / ahijja vee parivissa vippe, putte pariThappa gihasi jAyA / bhocvANa bhoe saha itthiyAhiM, AraNNagA hoi muNI pasatyA / / -uttarA. a. 14 gA. 8-9 (kha) ghorAsamaM caittANaM anna patthesi AsamaM / iheva posaharao bhavAhi mnnuyaahivaa!||42|| jaittA viule janne, bhoittA samaNa-mAhaNe / dattA bhoccA ya jaTThA ya, tao gacchasi khattiyA! // 38 // -uttarA. a. 9 gA. 42, 38 2. (ka) jIvAjIvA ya baMdho ya puNNaM pAvAsavo tahA / .: saMvaro nijjarA mokkho, satee tahiyA nava // -uttarAdhyayana a. 28, gA. 14 (kha) jIvAjIvAsava-bandha-saMvara-nirjarA-mokSAstaccam ||-tttvaarthsuutr a. 1 sU.4 3. rAgo ya doso vi ya kammabIya, kammaM ca mohappabhavaM vayaMti / / -uttarA. a. 32, gA.7 For Personal & Private Use Only

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228 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) kaSAyAdi-janita hone se usakI Atyantika nivRtti ke mukhya upAyasamyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra evaM samyak-tapa mAne ge| inhIM kI sAdhanA ke rUpa meM svAdhyAya, dhyAna, suzraddhA, mahAvrata-aNuvrata, tapa saMyama, samabhAva, parISahajaya, kSamAdi dazavidha dharma Adi mAne ge| nivartaka karmavAdiyoM dvArA mokSa puruSArtha ke viSaya meM vizeSa ciMtana nivartaka dharmavAdiyoM ne jaba mokSa ke svarUpa aura mokSa prApti ke vividha upAyoM ke viSaya meM gaharAI se cintana-manana aura vizleSaNa kiyA, taba unheM unake sAtha-sAtha karmavAda para bhI gahana manomanthana karanA pdd'aa| tIrthaMkaroM aura unake pazcAt mahAn jyotirdhara caturdaza-pUrvadhAraka gaNadharoM evaM jJAnI AcAryoM ne karma-siddhAnta ke viSaya meM apane jo anubhava prarUpita kiye the, "pUrva" nAmaka zAstroM meM jo gumphita hue the, unake AdhAra para paravartI AcAryoM evaM karmazAstriyoM ne karma ke svarUpa, prakAra, unakI vividha prakRtiyA~, tathA unake svarUpa tathA karmabandha ke kAraNoM aura vividha karmoM ke bandha se mukta hone, azubha ko zubha meM tathA zubhakarma ko azubha-karma meM pariNata hone ke kAraNoM para vicAra kiyA, sabakI paribhASAe~ aura vyAkhyAe~ sunizcita kiiN| karma kI phalagata zaktiyoM kA vivecana kiyaa| karmoM ke vipAkoM kI avadhi ke sambandha meM nirUpaNa kiyaa| karmoM ke pArasparika sambandhoM para bhI cintana kiyaa| AtmA kI karma-kSayakAraka zakti Adi kA bhI vicAra kiyaa| niSkarSa yaha hai ki karmatattva se sambandhita sabhI pahaluoM para sAMgopAMga kramabaddha evaM vyavasthita vicAra kiyaa| __ isa prakAra nivartaka dharmavAdI jainamanISiyoM ke karmatattvaviSayaka vyavasthita cintana-manana evaM nirUpaNa se qarma-zAstra kA prAmANika evaM sAMgopAMga nirmANa ho gyaa| isake pazcAt bhI uttarottara naye-naye praznoM evaM vivAdoM ke ubharane para unake samucita samAdhAnoM se karma-siddhAnta adhikAdhika pallavita-puSpita hotA gyaa| yahI dala Age calakara zramaNa dharma, saMnyAsa mArga, yogamArga, parivrAjakavarga, tapasvIgaNa Adi nAmoM se prasiddha huaa| samasta nivartaka dharmavAdiyoM dvArA mokSa ko sarvocca sthAna sabhI nivartaka dharmavAdiyoM ke cintana ne puruSArtha ke rUpa meM mokSa ko sarvocca sthAna diyA aura usI dizA meM apanI samagra vicAradhArA aura 1. nANaM ca daMsaNaM ceva, carittaM ca tavo tahA / ___esa maggutti paNNatto, jiNehiM varadaMsihiM / -uttarA a. 28, gA.2 2. sa gupti-samiti-dharmAnuprekSA-parISahajaya-cAritraiH / tapasA nirjarA ca / -tattvArthasUtra a. 9 sU. 2-3 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vibhinna karmavAdiyoM kI samIkSA : cAra puruSArthoM ke sandarbha meM 229 kriyAoM ko niyojita kiyaa| isa viSaya meM to sabhI nivartaka dharmavAdiyoM kA mataikya rahA ki kisI prakAra se karmoM ko samUla naSTa karake, aisI avasthA ko prApta kara lenA jisase punaH janma-maraNa rUpa saMsAra ke cakra meM paribhramaNa karanA na pdd'e| AtmA apane sAtha lage hue karmoM se sarvathA mukta tathA AtyantikarUpa se nivRtta hokara apane parama zuddha svarUpa ko upalabdha kara le, paramAtmapada ko-saccidAnanda pada ko prApta kara le| nivartaka dharmavAdiyoM ke mukhya tIna pakSa kintu ina nivartaka dharmavAdiyoM meM bhI aneka pakSa pracalita the| yaha pakSa-bhinnatA kucha to vAdoM kI svabhAvamUlaka ugratA-mRdutA ke kAraNa thI, aura katipaya aMzoM meM tattvacintana kI vibhinna prakriyAoM ke kAraNa thii| jo bhI ho, usa yuga ke nivartakavAdI cintakavarga ko mukhyatayA tIna pakSoM meM vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai-(1) paramANuvAdI, (2) pradhAnavAdI aura (3) pradhAna-chAyApanna prmaannuvaadii| ___ inameM prathama pakSa paramANuvAdI thA, vaha mokSa-samarthaka hone para bhI pravartaka dharma kA utanA virodhI nahIM thA, jitanA dUsarA aura tIsarA pakSa thaa| yaha (paramANuvAdI) pakSa nyAya aura vaizeSika darzana ke rUpa meM prakhyAta huaa| . dUsarA pakSa pradhAnavAdI thaa| yaha pakSa Atyantika karma-nivRtti tathA duHkhoM se sarvathA mukti kA samarthaka thA, aura pravartaka dharma arthAt-zrautasmArta-karma ko heya batalAtA thaa| yaha pakSa sAMkhya-yogadarzana ke nAma se prakhyAta huaa| inhIM ke tattvajJAna kI pRSThabhUmi para tathA inhIM ke nivRttivAda ke Azraya meM Age calakara vedAnta-darzana, aupaniSadika darzana, AraNyaka evaM saMnyAsamArga sthApita hue| tIsarA pakSa hai-pradhAnachAyApanna paramANuvAdI, arthAt prinnaamiiprmaannuvaadii| yaha bhI dUsare pakSa ke samAna pravartaka dharma kA prabala virodhI rhaa| yaha pakSa jaina-darzana yA nirgranthadarzana ke nAma se prakhyAta huaa| yadyapi bauddhadarzana bhI pravartaka dharma kA virodhI mAnA jAtA hai, parantu vaha svataMtra nahIM, balki dvitIya aura tRtIya pakSa ke mizraNa kA uttaravartI vikAsa hai| lakSya ke prati saba ekamata, karma ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM nahIM .. parantu sabhI nivartaka dharmavAdiyoM kA isa lakSya ke prati sarvAtmanA mataikya rahA ki jIva kisI na kisI prakAra se karmoM ko samUla naSTa karake apanI svAbhAvika maulika zuddha avasthA ko prApta kare aura janma-maraNa ke cakra se sarvathA mukta saccidAnanda dazA ko prApta kare, jisase use punaH saMsAra ke janma-maraNa ke cakra meM na AnA pdd'e| Azaya yaha hai ki karma ke bandhaka kAraNoM aura unake ucchedaka harapAyoM ke sambandha meM to nivarttaka dhArA ke sabhI cintaka sAmAnyatayA gauNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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230 karma - vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) mukhyarUpa se sahamata rahe, kintu karmatattva ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM ekamata nahIM hue| pravartaka dharma pahale pracalita thA yA nivartaka dharma ? pravartaka dharma pahale pracalita thA athavA nivartaka dharma ? isa sambandha meM hama paMcama karmagrantha ke pUrvakathana ke pAda TippaNa meM ullikhita mantavya ko akSarazaH uddhRta kara rahe haiM "merA aisA abhiprAya hai ki isa deza meM kisI bhI bAharI sthAna se pravartaka dharma yA yAjJika dharma AyA aura vaha jyoM-jyoM phailatA gayA, tyoM-tyoM isa deza meM usa pravartaka dharma ke Ane se pahale se hI vidyamAna nivartaka dharma adhikAdhika bala pakar3atA gyaa| yAjJika pravartaka dharma kI dUsarI zAkhA IrAna meM jarasthostriyana - dharmarUpa se vikasita huii| aura bhArata meM Ane vAlI yAjJika pravartaka dharma kI zAkhA kA nivartaka dharmavAdiyoM ke sAtha pratidvandvIbhAva zurU huaa| yahA~ ke purAne - nivartakadharmavAdI AtmA, karma, mokSa, dhyAna, yoga, tapasyA Adi vividha mArga, yaha saba mAnate the / ve na to janma siddha cAturvarNya mAnate the aura na cAturAzramya kI niyata vyvsthaa| unake matAnusAra kisI bhI dharmakArya meM pati ke lie patnI kA sahacAra anivArya na thA, pratyuta tyAga meM eka dUsare kA sambandha viccheda ho jAtA thaa| jabaki pravartakadharma meM isase saba kucha ulTA thaa| mahAbhArata Adi prAcIna granthoM meM gArhasthya aura tyAgAzrama kI pradhAnatA vAle jo saMvAda pAye jAte haiM, ve ukta donoM dharmoM ke virodhasUcaka haiN| pratyeka nivRttidharmavAle darzana ke sUtragranthoM meM mokSa ko hI puruSArtha likhA hai, jabaki yAjJika mArga ke vidhAna svargalakSI batalAe haiN| Age jAkara aneka aMzoM meM una donoM dharmoM kA samanvaya bhI ho gayA hai| " " isa para se yaha mata sthira nahIM jA sakatA ki kisI samaya kevala pravartaka dharma hI pracalita rahA aura nivartaka dharma kA prAdurbhAva bAda meM huA / tathApi aisA prArambhika kAla avazya vyatIta huA hai, jaba samAja meMvizeSataH gRhasthavarga meM pravartakadharma kI pratiSThA hI pramukha thii| usa samaya meM jo bhI RSi-muni Adi hue, ve bhI pravartaka dharmavAda se prabhAvita the, ve sapatnIka rahakara vanoM meM apane-apane Azrama calAte the| varNoM meM brAhmaNa varNa ko gurutva prApta thA aura AzramoM meM gRhasthAzrama ko jyeSThatA prApta thI / brAhmaNavarNa usa yuga ke sapatnIka RSivarga ke sAnnidhya meM yajJa, homa Adi anuSThAna calAte the, Sor3aza saMskAra bhI karAte 1. karmagrantha paMcama bhAga (paM. kailAzacandajI zAstrI dvArA saMpAdita ) ke pUrva kathana (paM. sukhalAlajI) ke pAdaTippaNa se uddhRta For Personal & Private Use Only

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vibhinna karmavAdiyoM kI samIkSA : cAra puruSArthoM ke sandarbha meM 231 the| pravartakadharma kI isa prabalatA ke kAraNa nivartaka dharma kucheka vyaktiyoM taka sImita aura pravartaka dharmavAdiyoM kI ora se upekSita bhI rhaa| nivartaka dharmavAdiyoM ko usa samaya pravartaka dharmavAdiyoM ke dvArA samaya-samaya para hone vAle virodha, nindA, tiraskAra, upekSA aura prahAra Adi ke kar3ave pUMTa bhI pIne par3e haiN| pravartaka dharmI yAjJikoM dvArA virodha aura prahAra ke pramANabIja 'uttarAdhyayana' Adi AgamoM meM yatra-tatra milate haiN|' pANini ne apane dvArA racita vyAkaraNa (bhaTTojI dIkSita dvArA sampAdita vaiyAkaraNa siddhAnta kaumudI) dvandvasamAsa ke sandarbha meM yeSA ca zAzvatiko virodhaH' (jinakA zAzvata virodha ho) isa sUtra ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM brAhmaNa-zramaNam, ahi-nakulam (jaise-brAhmaNa aura zramaNa, sAMpa aura nevalA) Adi zabda prastuta kiye haiN| parantu vibhinna paramparAoM ke nivartaka dharmavAdiyoM ne apane siddhAntoM para aTala rahakara jJAna, dhyAna, tapa, yoga, kSamAdi dharma, tathA aNuvratamahAvrata, saMyama, niyama Adi Atmazuddhi-sAdhaka antaraMga sAdhanAoM kA niSThApUrvaka itanA adhika vikAsa kiyA, tathA savarNa-asavarNa ke bhedabhAva se Upara uThakara pratyeka jAti aura dharma-sampradAya ke strI-puruSoM ko ina sAdhanAoM meM sammilita kiyA ki pravartakadharma kI jar3eM hila utthiiN| pravartaka dharma kA prabhAva kSINa hone lagA, samagra samAja tathA gRhasthavarga evaM tyAgIvarga para nivartaka dharma eka taraha se jAdU kI taraha chA gyaa| AbAla-vRddha logoM kI jihvA para nivRttidharma kI hI carcA hone lagI, usa yuga kA racita sAhitya bhI nivRtti ke (tyAga-vairAgya, tapa-saMyama ke) raMga meM raMgA huA prakAzita-pracArita hone lgaa| nivartakadharmavAdiyoM ko bhI janasamUha kI vibhinna samasyAoM tathA aTapaTe praznoM ke samAdhAna ke lie AtmA-paramAtmA, karmabandha aura karmakSaya, tathA mokSa aura usake sAdhanoM evaM Atmazuddhi ke upAyoM ke viSaya meM cintana-manana, UhApoha karanA hI par3atA thaa| isa kAraNa nivartaka dharmavAdiyoM kA prabhAva jhoMpar3I se lekara mahaloM taka, zUdravarga se lekara brAhmaNavarga para, aura bAlaka-yuvaka-vRddha varga para acUka rUpa se pdd'aa| 1. (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 12 gA. 4 se 7, tathA 18, 19 (kha) vahI, a. 14 iSukArIya gA. 7 se 15 taka (ga) vahI, yajJIya a. 24 gA. 6 se 30 taka 2. vaiyAkaraNa siddhAntakaumudI (dvandvasamAsa prakaraNa) 3. (ka) dekhiye uttarAdhyayanasUtra kA harikezIya (a. 12) aura cittasambhUtIya adhyayana (13) / (kha) antakRddazAMga-arjunamAlI evaM atimuktakakumAra kA varga. For Personal & Private Use Only

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232 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) 'nivRttidharmI mokSavAdiyoM ke samakSa pahale se yaha eka jaTila prazna thA ki "pratyeka jIva ke-vizeSataH mAnava ke pUrvavaddha karma ananta haiM, phira kramazaH unakA phala bhogate samaya bhI pratikSaNa naye-naye karma baMdhate haiM, taba ina saba karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya kaise aura kina sAdhanoM se ho sakatA hai ?" . parantu mokSavAdiyoM ne isa jaTila prazna kA bhI yuktiyukta evaM akATya tarkasaMgata samAdhAna diyA thaa| Aja hama ukta nivRttivAdI darzanoM ke sAhitya meM isa aura aise hI karmavAda sambandhI kaI jaTila praznoM ke samAdhAna kA saMkSipta yA vistRtarUpa meM eka sarIkhA nirUpaNa pAte haiN| ... isa vastusthiti para se itanA tathya to avazya hI pratiphalita hotA hai ki nivartakavAdiyoM ke vibhinna pakSoM meM yadA-kadA karmavAda aura mokSa Adi viSayoM para paryApta vicAra-vinimaya hotA thaa| itanA jarUra hai ki ye nivartakavAdI vibhinna pakSa paraspara vicAra vimarza ke lie apanI-apanI suvidhAnusAra jaba taba paraspara milate rahe, pRthak-pRthak bhI cintana karate . rhe| aura jaba taka ye pravartaka dharmavAda kI siddhAnta viruddha tathA tattva se asaMgata bAtoM kA nirAkaraNa karate rahe, taba taka inameM ekavAkyatA bhI rhii| yahI kAraNa hai ki sAMkhya-yoga, nyAya-vaizeSika, jaina aura bauddha darzana ke sAhitya meM karma viSayaka varNana ke saMdarbha meM lakSaNa, artha, paribhASA, bhAva, vargIkaraNa Adi bAtoM meM kahIM zabdazaH aura kahIM arthazaH sAmya pracuramAtrA meM parilakSita hotA hai| yaha sAmya bhI una-una nivartakavAdI darzanoM ke vidyamAna racita sAhitya meM usa samaya aMkita huA, jabaki una-una darzanoM meM paraspara sadbhAva evaM vicAroM kA AdAna-pradAna bahuta hI kama ho gayA thaa| durbhAgya se, zanaiH zanaiH aisA samaya A gayA, jaba ye nivRttivAdI pakSa pahale jitane nikaTa nahIM rahe, phira bhI pratyeka pakSa karmavAda ke viSaya meM UhApoha to karatA hI rhaa| phira bhI eka samaya aisA AyA ki nivRttivAdiyoM ke eka pakSa-jainadarzana meM karmasiddhAnta para gaharAI se cintana-manana aura adhyayana-adhyApana karane vAlA eka acchA-khAsA varga taiyAra ho gyaa| yaha varga mokSasambandhI praznoM kI apekSA karmasambandhI praznoM para gaharAI se vicAra karatA thaa| isa karmasiddhAntavizeSajJa varga ne karmazAstra-viSayaka kaI grantha bhI likhe haiN| jo Aja bhI naI pIr3hI hI nahIM, jaina-jainetara sabhI varga ke adhyAtma-cintakoM ke lie paryApta mArgadarzana dete sArAMza yaha hai ki dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa, ina cAroM puruSArthoM meM karmavAda kA kyA aura kitanA sthAna hai ? yaha viveka karmanivRtti ke antima lakSya ke sandarbha meM karanA Avazyaka hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda kA AvirbhAva 233 karmavAda kA AvirbhAva AtmA aura paramAtmA ke bIca meM antara kA kAraNa : karma isa virATa vizva meM bhAratavarSa ke mukha ko ujjvala-samujjvala rakhane tathA mAnava-mastiSka ko UrjasvI, varcasvI evaM tejasvI banAne meM aura prANI mAtra ke jIvana kI vividha sukha- duHkhamUlaka guru gaMbhIra samasyAoM ke samucita samAdhAna hetu atIta kAla se lekara vartamAna yuga taka AdhyAtmika mahAmanISI mahApuruSoM ne prabala prayAsa kiyA hai| unhoMne AtmA se paramAtmA banane ke mArga meM sAdhaka aura bAdhaka tattvoM kA bhalI-bhAMti parizIlana kiyaa| unhoMne sAdhakoM ko yaha preraNA pradAna kI ki tumheM bAdhaka tattvoM se sadA sarvadA dUra rahanA hai aura una bAdhaka tattvoM kI caTTAnoM ko cIrate hue tumheM sAdhanA ke patha para vIra senAnI kI taraha Age bar3hanA hai| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra aura samyaktapa ke kaThora kaMTakAkIrNa mahAmArga ko apanAnA hai, yaha hamArA apanA anubhUta mArga hai| eka dina hamArI AtmA bhI moha ke dala-dala meM phaMsI huI thii| rAga kA dAvAnala dhU-dhUkara hamAre antarhRdaya meM jala rahA thaa| una durguNoM ko hamane naSTakara apane zuddha svarUpa ko prakaTa kiyA hai| AtmA hI paramAtmA hai| AtmA aura paramAtmA ke bIca meM vyavadhAna paidA karane vAlA karmatattva hai| karmayukta jIva AtmA kI abhidhA se sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai aura karmamukta jIva .. paramAtmA kI saMjJA se pahacAnA jAtA hai| eka kavi ke hRdayatantrI ke sukumAra tAra isa prakAra jhanajhanA uThe AtmA-paramAtmA meM karma kA hI bheda hai| kATa de gara karma to phira bheda hai na kheda hai|| zuddha nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se AtmA hI paramAtmA hai appA so prmppaa| AtmA aura paramAtmA meM koI antara nahIM hai| para vyavahAranaya kI dRSTi se saMsArI jIvoM kI AtmA para karmoM kA saghana AvaraNa hai, jisake kAraNa AtmA kA vizuddha rUpa AcchAdita ho gayA hai| jitanI bhI sAMsArika For Personal & Private Use Only

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234 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) AtmAeM haiM ve sabhI karmamala se AvRta haiN| hA~, usa karmamala meM taratamatA avazya hI hotI hai| prazna hai, ve karma kisa-kisa prakAra ke haiM, kitane haiM? una karmoM kA Agamana kina kAraNoM se hotA hai ? ve karma kisa prakAra baMdhate haiM aura kisa anupAta se unakA baMdhana hotA hai? una karmoM kA nirodha, kSaya, kSayopazama aura upazama kisa prakAra ho sakatA hai ve karma kaba aura kitane samaya ke pazcAt apanA phala dete haiM ? una karmoM se AtmA kaise sadA ke lie pUrNatayA mukta ho sakatA hai? ye aura isa prakAra ke karma se sambandhita praznoM para una maharSiyoM ne gaMbhIra cintana kiyaa| unhoMne zAnta mastiSka se cintana karate hue socA - adhruva, azAzvata aura duHkhabahulaM saMsAra meM vaha kauna sA karma yA anuSThAna hai, jisase maiM durgati meM na jAU~ / ' phira unhoMne apanI anubhava-pUta vANI meM kahA thA 'tavasA dhuyakammaMse siddhe havai sAsae / 2 - - tapasyA se karmoM kA kSaya karake ve zAzvata siddha-mukta ho jAte haiN| jainadRSTi se karmavAda kA AvirbhAva sarvathA karmamukti kI ora jAnA anivArya jainadharma ke AgamoM aura paurANika granthoM meM karma ke AvirbhAva kI kucha-kucha jhAMkI milatI hai| usase itanA to spaSTa rUpa se jAnA jA sakatA hai ki prAgaitihAsika kAla meM bhI tIrthaMkaroM aura RSi-muniyoM ne AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sandarbha meM karmavAda kI carcA- vicAraNA avazya kI hai| jainadharmazAstroM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra isa avasarpiNI kAla meM AditIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva se lekara zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra taka jo caubIsa tIrthaMkara hue haiM, unase pahale bhI utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI kAla ke kAlacakra meM bhI ananta caubIsI (caubIsa - caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI zrRMkhalA) ho cukI hai| yaha siddhAnta sabhI tIrthaMkara, kevalajJAnI (sarvajJa), jIvanmukta (sadehamukta) mahAn AtmAoM ke lie abAdhita hai ki cAra ghAtI (AtmaguNaghAtaka) karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya kiye binA koI bhI mAnava tIrthaMkara, kevalajJAnI yA arhat - jIvanmukta paramAtmA nahIM ho sakatA, aura siddha 1. adhruvaM asAsayammi saMsArammi dukkhpuraae| kiM nAma hojja taM kammayaM jeNA'haM doggaiM na gacchejjA // 2. uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 3 gA. 20 - uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 8 gA. 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda kA AvirbhAva 235. buddha-mukta paramAtmA hone ke lie AThoM hI karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya karanA anivArya hai| anAdi karma pravAha ko tor3e binA sadeha - videha paramAtmA nahIM banate isalie bhale hI prAgaitihAsika kAla kA koI likhita yA maukhika paramparAgata zrutisammata karNopakarNa dhAraNA rUpa meM pracalita pramANa na milatA ho, phira bhI itanA to niHsandeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jagat ke jIvoM ke sAtha jaise AtmA anAdikAla se hai, vaise hI karma bhI pravAharUpa se anAdikAla se hai, kintu jaise vyaktizaH karma kI Adi hai, vaise usakA anta bhI hai| AtmA nizcayadRSTi se anAdi ananta hai / yadi aisA na hotA to tIrthaMkara, arhat- jIvanmukta vItarAga paramAtmA cAra ghAtika karmoM kA kSaya kyoM aura kaise karate? aura vItarAga banane ke pazcAt bhI zeSa rahe cAra aghAti karmoM kA kSaya kyoM aura kaise karate aura siddha-buddha-mukta niraMjana- nirAkAra paramAtmA kaise hote ? isalie yaha nirvivAda hai ki 'karma' kA pravAha anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai| jaisA ki 'pramANamImAMsA' meM kalikAla sarvajJa zrI hemacandrAcArya ne kahA hai - ' "anAdikAla se pravAharUpa se, zabdarUpa se nahIM to bhAvarUpa se calI A rahI karmavAda Adi vidyAoM kA AditIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva se lekara bhagavAn mahAvIra taka samaya-samaya saMkSipta athavA vistRtarUpa meM nayI-nayI zailI meM pratipAdana hotA rahA hai| isa dRSTi se karma siddhAnta ke pratipAdana- kartA ve-ve tIrthaMkara, gaNadhara yA AcArya Adi kahalAte haiN|" yoM to jainadharma kA abhAva kisI deza - vizeSa yA kAla- vizeSa meM eka 'samAna bhale hI dikhAI na detA ho, kintu jainadharma aura karmavAda kA sUrya aura usakI kiraNa ke samAna ghaniSTha sambandha rahA hai| isalie yaha kahanA atyukti nahIM hogI ki karmavAda bhI pravAharUpa se anAdi hai, vaha abhUtapUrva nahIM hai| naye-naye DhaMga se usakA vizleSaNa - vivecana vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya avazya huA hai| ataH jaina itihAsa kI dRSTi se kAlacakra ke antargata isa avasarpiNI kAla meM Adi - tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke yuga se karma siddhAnta kA AvirbhAva mAnanA anupayukta nahIM hogA / ' karmavAda ke AvirbhAva kA eka aura prabala kAraNa Adi - tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva se karmavAda kA AvirbhAva yA AviSkaraNa (abhivyaktikaraNa) mAnane meM eka prabala kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki 1. anAdaya evaitA vidyAH saMkSepa - vistAra - vivakSayA navanavI bhavanti, tattatkartRkAcocyante / - pramANamImAMsA sU. 1 * karmagrantha prathama bhAga kI paM. sukhalAlajI kI prastAvanA pR. 7 For Personal & Private Use Only

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236 . karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) .. jaina itihAsa ke anusAra usa yuga se pahale taka bhogabhUmi kA sAmrAjya thaa| yaugalika kAla thaa| sabhyatA, saMskRti, dharma aura karma ke viSaya meM ve loga sarvathA anabhijJa the| dharma aura saMskRti kA, karma aura sabhyatA kA zrIgaNeza nahIM huA thA / bAlaka-bAlikA yugalarUpa se janma lete the aura yugalarUpa se hI ve dAmpatya sambandha jor3a lete the| anta meM, eka yugala ko janma dekara ve isa loka se vidA ho jAte the / ve apanA jIvana nirvAha vanoM meM rahakara per3a-paudhe, patra-puSpa phala ghAsa evaM vanaspati Adi se kara lete the| or3hanebichAne Adi ke lie vividha vanaspati se upakaraNa banA lete the| vRkSoM ke cAroM ora gherA DAlakara athavA vRkSa-latAoM se cAroM ora AveSTita karake ghara banA lete the| khetI-bAr3I, agni ke upayoga, vinimaya, vyavasAya, bartana Adi ke nirmANa kA AviSkAra usa samaya taka nahIM huA thaa| yadyapi una logoM kA jIvana bahuta hI zAnta, madhura aura prAkRtika (prakRti-nirbhara) thA; pRthvI, vanaspati, havA, sUrya kA tApa aura prakAza, candra kA zItala, saumya prakAza, pAnI ke jharane, srota, nadI-nAle Adi hI unake jIvanayApana ke AdhAra the| janasaMkhyA sama rahatI thI, usameM vRddhi-hAni nahIM hotI thI, isa kAraNa kisI vastu kA abhAva yA nyUnatA nahIM thii| prAkRtika sampadAe~ pracuramAtrA meM yatra-tatra milatI thiiN| isa kAraNa unameM kabhI Apasa meM saMgharSa, kalaha, tU-tU-maiM-maiM yA mana-muTAva nahIM hotA thaa| unake krodhAdi kaSAya atyanta manda the| svArtha, lobha, lAlasA, tRSNA, saMgrahavRtti, atyadhika upabhogalipsA athavA paMcendriya viSayoM kI kAma-bhogajanyavRtti Adi bhI unameM atyanta kama thii| kintu isa bhogabhUmika kAla kA jaba tirobhAva hone jA rahA thA, taba ina sabameM parivartana Ane lge| yaugalika kAla lagabhaga samApta ho calA thaa| saMtativRddhi hone lgii| isase janasaMkhyA bhI bar3hane lgii| udhara prAkRtika sampadA meM koI vRddhi nahIM ho rahI thii| vaha utanI hI thii| ataH jIvana-nirvAha ke sAdhanoM meM kamI hone lgii| jahA~ abhAva hotA hai, vahA~ janasvabhAva bhI badalane lagatA hai| isa dRSTi se yaugalika janoM meM jIvana-nirvAha ke sAdhanoM ke lie paraspara saMgharSa hone lgaa| pratidina ke saMgharSa se logoM kA jIvana kaluSita hone lgaa| paraspara kalaha aura manomAlinya bar3hane lge| . 1. dekhiye jambUdvIpa prajJapti prathama vakSaskAra "jugaliyA kimAhArA paNNatA ? pattAhArA, puphphAhArA phalAhArA For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda kA AvirbhAva 237 aisI sthiti meM yaugalika janatA usa yuga ke kulakara nAbhirAya ke sAnnidhya meM pahu~cI aura apane vartamAna saMkaTa ke nivAraNa ke lie upAya pUchane lgii| nAbhirAyajI ne apane suputra bhAvI tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke pAsa jAne aura unase parAmarza evaM mArgadarzana lene ko khaa| ataH mukhya-mukhya loga milakara zrIRSabhadevajI kI sevA meM pahu~ce aura saMkaTApanna paristhiti ke nivAraNa kI prArthanA kii| karmabhUmika kAlAnusAra zubhakarma yukta jIvana jIne kI preraNA bhagavAn RSabhadeva' usa yuga meM parama-avadhijJAna sampanna mahAn puruSa the| unhoMne yaugalikajanoM ke asantoSa aura pArasparika saMgharSa ke kAraNa aura usake nivAraNa kA upAya batAte hue kahA-"prajAjano! aba bhogabhUmikAla samApta ho calA hai, aura karmabhUmi-kAla kA prArambha ho cukA hai| aba tuma loga usI purAne Dharre ke anusAra prAkRtika sampadAoM se hI apanA nirvAha karanA cAho, yaha sambhava nahIM hai| tuma dekha hI rahe ho ki janasaMkhyA tejI se bar3hatI jA rahI hai aura vanasampadA yA prAkRtika sampadA kama hotI jA rahI hai| aisI sthiti meM aba tumheM karmabhUmi ke anusAra jIvana-nirvAha ke lie kucha na kucha karma (vartamAnakAlika puruSArtha) karanA caahie| isake binA koI cArA nahIM hai| tuma cAho ki kucha bhI karma (kArya yA pravRtti) na karanA par3e aura prakRti se sIdhe hI jIvana-nirvAha ke sAdhana mila jAe~, aisA aba nahIM ho sktaa| yadyapi kisI bhI kriyA yA pravRtti ke karane se karmoM kA Agamana (Asrava) avazyambhAvI hai aura tuma loga ekadama karma se akarma (karmamukta) sthiti prApta kara lo, yaha bhI abhI atIva duSkara hai tathApi kriyA karate samaya agara tuma meM rAga, dveSa, Asakti, moha, mamatA Adi kama hoMge aura sAvadhAnI evaM jAgRti rakhI jAegI to.pApakarmoM kA bandha nahIM hogaa| isalie gRhastha-jIvana kI bhUmikA meM tumheM ve hI karma (kriyA yA pravRttiyA~) karane haiM, jo atyanta Avazyaka hoM, sAtvika hoM, ahiMsaka hoM, paraspara premabhAvavarddhaka hoN|' - isake lie unhoMne mukhyatayA asi, masi aura kRSi ye tIna mukhya karma evaM vividha zilpa tathA kalAe~ usa samaya ke strI-puruSoM ko sikhaaii| kRSi karma, kumbhakAra karma, gRhanirmANa, vastranirmANa, bhojananirmANa Adi karma unhoMne svayaM karake janahita kI dRSTi se janatA ko sikhaae| 1. dekhiye-jambUdvIpa-prajJapti sUtra meM bha. RSabhadeva ke yuga kA vrnnn| 2. (ka) zazAsu kRSyAdiSu karmasu prajA -bRhatsvayambhU stotra (kha) jambUdvIpa prajJapti prathama vakSaskAra (ga) 'payAhiyAe uvadisaI / ' - jambUdvIpa prajJapti For Personal & Private Use Only

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238 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) ___ ina saba kalAoM, vidyAoM, zilpoM Adi se janatA ko prazikSita karane ke pIche unakA uddezya yahI thA ki janatA paraspara saMgharSazIla evaM kaSAyAviSTa hokara azubha (pApa) karma se bace tathA bhaviSya meM zubha karma karate hue zuddhapariNati kI ora mur3akara saMvara-nirjarArUpa Atma-dharma kI ora mur3a ske| agara bhagavAn RSabhadeva usa samaya kI yaugalika janatA ko ina sAtvika kAryoM kA upadeza evaM prazikSaNa na dete to bahuta sambhava thA, janatA. paraspara lar3a-bhir3akara, saMgharSa aura kalaha karake tabAha ho jaatii| sabala loga nirbaloM para anyAya-atyAcAra karate, unheM mAra-kATakara samApta kara dete, athavA atyAcAra evaM zoSaNa se pIr3ita janatA roTI, rojI, surakSA evaM zAnti ke abhAva meM svayaM hI samApta ho jAtI, yA phira vaha pIr3ita janatA vidroha, lUTa, mAra-kATa aura arAjakatA para utara jaatii| isa prakAra arAjaka evaM niraMkuza janatA hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, ThagI, beImAnI, anyAya, atyAcAra Adi pApa karmoM meM pravRtta ho jaatii| karmamukti ke lie dharmapradhAna samAja kA nirmANa ___ niSkarSa yaha hai ki usa samaya kI janatA jisa bhUmikA meM thI, usa bhUmikA ke anurUpa bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne use vividha kalAe~, vidyAe~, zilpa aura karmoM kA prazikSaNa bhaviSya meM sambhAvita pApakarma se virata karane aura zuddha (dharma) kI ora mor3ane hetu kama se kama zubhakarma (puNya) meM TikAne kA prayAsa kiyA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne sarvaprathama samagra janatA ko rAjyasaMgaThana (rAjyazAsana) meM Abaddha kiyA / phira unhoMne brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ina cAroM varga ke logoM ko prazikSaNa dekara janazAsana (janasaMgaThana) bnaayaa| sabako apane-apane loka-dharma (kartavya) kA mArgadarzana kiyA / isa prakAra bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne zubhakarma (sAtvika kAya) aura dharma donoM se sambandhita tathyoM kA mArgadarzana diyaa| tatkAlIna samagra janatA ne unheM vidhivat rAjyAbhiSeka karake apanA rAjA aura jananAyaka bnaayaa| jaba bhagavAn ne dekhA ki aba rAjyazAsana aura janazAsana donoM vyavasthita DhaMga se cala rahe haiN| naitikatApradhAna zubhakarma evaM lokadharma donoM janajIvana meM vyApta ho gae haiN| hAkAra, mAkAra aura dhikkAra, ina tInoM daNDakramoM ke kAraNa janatA meM arAjakatA, anIti, anyAya-atyAcAra Adi aparAdha bahuta hI kama ho pAte the| parantu bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko to samagra janatA ko zuddha-lokottara dharma-pAlana kI ora mor3anA thA, tAki janatA karmoM se mukta hone kA puruSArtha kara sake aura zuddha (svabhAvarUpa), buddha, mukta (siddha) paramAtmA bana ske| For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda kA AvirbhAva 239 isake lie sarvaprathama nimnokta kahAvata "Charity begins at home" ke anusAra svayaM se prArambha kiyaa| svayaM sarvavirata mahAvratI anagAra bane aura jinazAsana (dharma-saMgha) kA nirmANa kiyaa| prathama tIrthaMkara bane / rAjyazAsana apane donoM pratApI evaM zAsanakuzala putroM - bharata aura bAhubalI ko sauNpaa| aura zeSa 98 putroM ko choTe-choTe rAjyoM ke zAsaka banAe / bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke sAtha 4000 anya vyaktiyoM ne dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| unhoMne apane dharmasaMgha (jinazAsana) meM do prakAra ke dharmoM kA pratipAdana kiyaa| sadgRhasthoM ke lie zrAvakadharma aura sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke lie sAdhu dharma / ' donoM dharmoM kA lakSya eka hI thA - karmoM se sarvathA mukti pAnA, mokSa prApta krnaa| bAda meM unake 99 putroM aura do putriyoM (brAhmI aura sundarI) ne bhI sAdhu dharma kI dIkSA aMgIkAra kI / dharma, karma, saMskRti Adi kA zrIgaNeza niSkarSa yaha hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva se pUrva usa yuga meM dharma, karma, saMskRti aura sabhyatA kA zrIgaNeza nahIM huA thaa| unhoMne usa yuga kI janatA ko grAma aura nagara basAkara, sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA prazikSaNa diyA, karmavAda se bhalIbhAMti paricita kiyaa| azubhakarma karane se rokA, zubhakarma se bhI Age bar3hakara zuddha dharma kA pAlana karane aura karmoM se mukta hone athavA karmakSaya karane kI preraNA dii| karma ko hI sRSTi kI vividhatA evaM vicitratA kA kAraNa batAyA unhoMne prArambha se hI dharmapradhAna samAja racanA kI, usameM artha aura kAma ko gauNa rakhA aura mokSa puruSArtha ko jIvana kA antima lakSya btaayaa| isameM kahIM bhI unhoMne devI, deva yA kisI prAkRtika zakti (indra, agni, varuNa, kubera, yama, maruta Adi) kA Azraya lene, usake Age gir3agir3Ane, usakI manautI karane athavA usake kAraNa se lokottara AdhyAtmika zaktiyA~ prApta karane kA vidhAna nahIM kiyaa| na hI unhoMne yaha batAyA ki sRSTi meM vividha prakAra ke pazu-pakSiyoM, kITa-pataMgoM evaM manuSyoM aura unameM bhI sukhI duHkhI, unnata - avanata, alpAyu - dIrghAyu, buddhimAn athavA mandabuddhi, yogya-ayogya, suDaula - beDaula Adi vicitratAoM ke hone kA kAraNa koI brahmA, indra yA koI zakti - vizeSa yA puruSa - vizeSa (Izvara) Adi hai arthAt - isa sRSTi kI racanA (nirmANa) yA saMvardhana athavA ina vicitratAoM aura vividhatAoM kA nirmANa kisI zakti- vizeSa yA puruSa - vizeSa dvArA 1. vistRta varNana ke lie dekhiye - jambUdvIpaprajJapti sUtra, kalpasUtra, AdipurANa, triSaSTi . zalAkA puruSa caritra Adi / For Personal & Private Use Only

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240 * karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) huA hai| balki unhoMne sRSTi ke prANiyoM kI vividhatA evaM vicitratA kA kAraNa bAhya tattvoM meM DhUMDhane aura mAnane kI apekSA antarAtmA (antaraMga) meM DhUMDhane va mAnane kI preraNA dI tathA janatA ko yahI upadeza diyA ki tumhAre evaM sabhI jIvoM ke hI apane pUrvakRta karmoM ke phalasvarUpa ye saba vividhatAeM. evaM vicitratAe~ haiN| ye acche yA bure nimitta sabhI ke apane-apane kRtakoM ke AvaraNayukta upAdAna (AtmA) ke kAraNa mile haiN| bhaviSya meM bhI tumheM yA sabhI prANiyoM ko apane dvArA kiye hue acche yA bure (zubha yA azubha) koM ke phala acche yA bure rUpa meM tatkAla bhI mila sakate haiM, kucha dera-sabera se bhii| parantu jaise karma karoge, vaisA hI phala tumheM milane vAlA hai, dUsare prANiyoM ko bhI apane acche-bure karmoM ke anusAra zubha-azubha phala prApta hoNge| isakA jvalanta pramANa hai, unake svayaM ke dvArA tathA unake putroM dvArA karmamala se AvRta apanI AtmA ko ujjvala-samujjvala banAne tathA paramavizuddha mokSa sukha-ananta Atmika sukha kI prApti ke lie kisI. zaktivizeSa, devavizeSa, puruSavizeSa kA Azraya na lekara ekamAtra munidharma dIkSA aMgIkAra karake tapa-saMyama evaM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra kI sAdhanA meM svayaM puruSArtha krnaa| una mahAn AtmAoM ko tathA bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke dvArA preri anugAmI AtmAoM ko anantajJAna-darzana, ananta-zakti evaM ananta Atmika Ananda kI jo upalabdhi huI, vaha bhI kisI zaktivizeSa ke varadAna se nahIM, kintu tapa, tyAga, saMyama evaM ratnatraya kI sAdhanA-ArAdhanA meM apane hI vivekapUrvaka puruSArtha se huI thii| jainAgamoM evaM AdipurANa, triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra Adi granthoM se yaha spaSTataH pramANita hai| karmavAda kA prathama upadeza : bha. RSabhadeva ke dvArA __unhoMne saMsAra kI viSamatAoM se pIr3ita evaM vyathita apane 98 putroM ko jo upadeza diyA, vaha bhI bhAgavata-purANa evaM jainAgama-sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM aMkita hai| usa upadeza se yaha spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai ki unhoMne apane gRhasthAzramapakSIya putroM ko na to svayaM hI varadAna diyA hai aura na hI kisI indra, kubera, brahmA Adi devavizeSa yA puruSavizeSa kI manautI karake sukhI hone kA upAya batAyA hai, balki unhoMne unakI karmamalAvRta AtmAoM ko apane tapa-saMyama ke puruSArtha se karmavimukta zuddha banAkara mokSa kA rAjya athavA mokSa kA avyAbAdha sukha (ananta Ananda) prApta karane kI preraNA dI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda kA AvirbhAva 241 1 unake dvArA putroM ko diye gaye zrImad bhAgavat purANa meM aMkita upadeza kA bhAvArtha yaha hai ' "putro ! dehadhAriyoM kI yaha deha una bhogoM ko bhogane ke liye nahIM hai, jinheM prApta karane meM, bhogane meM aura bhogane ke pazcAt bhI atyanta kaSTa sahanA par3atA hai| ataeva ina kAma bhogoM para garva na kro| ina bhogoM ko to viSTA khAne vAle zUkara Adi pazu bhI bhogate haiM / tuma rAjaputra ho, tumhArA yaha zarIra kAma bhogoM ke sevana ke lie nahIM, kintu mukti ke hetu divyatapa karane ke lie hai, jisase antaHkaraNa (antarAtmA) zuddha ho kyoMki zuddha antaHkaraNa se ananta brahma (Atma) sukha kI prApti hotI hai|" isI prakAra sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM ullikhita bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke upadeza kA tAtparya yaha hai ki "he putro ! tuma sambodha prApta karo, smjho| yaha bhautika rAjya, sukha-sampadA, bhogasAmagrI Adi prApta bhI kara lo to bhI tumheM zAnti, samAdhi aura svataMtratA nahIM milegii| saccI zAnti, svataMtratA aura samAdhi, mokSasukhasampanna zAzvata AdhyAtmika rAjya pAne se hI ho skegii| jAgRti kA yaha amUlya avasara hai| lobhavRtti ke kAraNa bharata kI vartamAna dazA dekhakara tumheM bodha pAnA (samajhanA cAhie ki rAjya pA lene para bhI, saccI zAnti, karmamukti aura svAdhInatA nahIM prApta hotI / tuma ise jAna-bUjhakara kyoM nazvara sAmrAjya ke cakkara meM par3anA cAhate ho ? sambodhi kA yaha sundara avasara khoo mt| yahA~ yaha maukA cUka gae to paraloka meM sambodhi kA pAnA bahuta durlabha hai| jo rAtriyA~ bIta jAtI haiM, ve lauTakara vApasa nahIM AtIM aura yaha manuSya jIvana bhI jo karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya karake mokSa pAne ke lie hai, punaH sulabha nahIM hai"| karmavAda ke puraskartA : bhagavAn RSabhadeva kitanI sundara preraNAe~ haiM, bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI apane putroM ke lie / unhoMne apane upadezoM meM kahIM bhI kisI zaktivizeSa yA devI - deva athavA puruSavizeSa se svarga, mokSa yA anya kisI vastu ko pAne kI prArthanA yA 1. bha. RSabhadeva kA upadeza bhAgavat meM (ka) nAyaM deho dehabhAjAM nRloke kaSTAn kAmAnarhate viDbhujAM ye| tapo divyaM putrakA ! yena sattvaM, zuddhayedasmAd brahmasaukhya tvanantam // - * zrImad bhAgavata paMcama skandha (kha) jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM saMbujjhaha, kiM na bujjhaha, saMbohI khalu pecca dullahA / no hUvaNamaMti rAio, no sulaha puNarAvi jIviyaM // For Personal & Private Use Only

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242 * karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) yAcanA karane kI preraNA nahIM dii| unhoMne svayaM ke tapa-saMyama-tyAga aura vairAgya ke puruSArtha se apanI AtmA ko vizuddha evaM karmamala rahita banAne kI hI dezanA dI hai| ___ isase spaSTa dhvanita hotA hai ki AditIrthakara bhagavAn RSabhadeva karmavAda ke rahasya aura dharmAcaraNa meM puruSArtha ke puraskartA the| ve devavAda, yajJavAda athavA purohitavAda ke preraka yA puraskartA kataI nahIM the| isalie yaha niHsandeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki prAgaitihAsika kAla me karmavAda kA AvirbhAva jaina dRSTi se AditIrthakara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke yuga se huA hai| vaidika paramparA meM karmavAda kA praveza : kaba se, kahA~ se? vedoM aura unakI RcAoM kA anuzIlana-parizIlana karane se unameM karmavAda kA kahIM atA-patA nahIM lgtaa| yaha to nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vaidikakAlIna RSiyoM ko mAnava nara-nAriyoM meM tathA vividha prakAra ke pazuoM, pakSiyoM, sarIsRpoM, kITa-pataMgoM tathA vanaspatiyoM, per3a-paudhoM tatha vividha prakAra kI pRthviyoM, jaloM, havAoM Adi meM vidyamAna vicitratAoM virUpatAoM kI anubhUti nahIM huI ho, lekina aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki una RSiyoM ne una vicitratAoM evaM vividhatAoM kA kAraNa antarAtmA re khojane aura patA lagAne kI apekSA unheM bAhya padArthoM meM hI khoja kara manaHsamAdhAna kara liyA thaa| sRSTi ke prANiyoM kI isa prakAra kI vividhatAyukta racanA yA utpatti kA kAraNa kisI ne varuNa, marut, agni, yama, indra, kubera Adi eka ya aneka sajIva-nirjIva padArthoM ko mAnA, kisI ne brahmA yA prajApati ko isa vaividhyapUrNa sRSTi kI utpatti kA kAraNa maanaa| vibhinna vaidika RSiyoM vividhatAoM se pUrNa sRSTi kI utpatti ke AdhAra kI kalpanA ina aura airaM hI bAhya tattvoM meM kii| parantu kisI bhI RSi ne vividhatApUrNa sRSTi ka kAraNa una-una prANiyoM kI antarAtmA meM hone kI kalpanA nahIM kI itanA hI nahIM, isa sRSTi meM prANiyoM kI vividhatA kA AdhAra yathArtha / kyA hai ? isakA spaSTa samAdhAna karane kA prayAsa bhI nahIM kiyaa| sRSTi ve 1. (ka) 'Adi purANa' . (kha) 'triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra' se saMkSipta (ga) javAhara kiraNAvalI bhA. 14 (rAmavanagamana bhA. 1) se saMkSipta (gha) zrImad bhAgavata (Ga) sUtrakRtAMgasUtra zru. 1 a. 2 se For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda kA AvirbhAva 243 dUsare dUsare prANivarga kI bAta to dUra rahI, kevala mAnava jagat meM bhI zarIra, indriya, mana, buddhi, prANa ke tAratamya, zakti - azakti, nyUnAdhika yogyatA, nyUnAdhika sukha-duHkha, dhanI - nirdhana, rogI nIroga, mandamati - prakharamati Adi ko lekara jo vibhinnatAe~ evaM virUpatAe~ haiM, unake kAraNoM kI bhI khoja-bIna kI gaI ho, aisA pratIta nahIM hotaa| vedoM ke parizIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki sarvaprathama vedakAlika RSiyoM ne indra, varuNa, marut, agni, yama, savitA Adi aneka devoM kI evaM tatpazcAt prajApati brahmA jaise eka deva kI parikalpanA kii| phira una devoM se svarga, putra, strI, pazu, vRSTi, dhana-dhAnya, surakSA Adi bhautika sukhasAmagrI kI prApti kI laukika manokAmanA pUrNa karane hetu stuti kI gaI / vedoM meM batAyA gayA ki sukhI evaM sampanna hone ke lie athavA apanI samRddhi ke lie yA zatruoM se apanI aura apanoM kI surakSA ke lie athavA zatruoM kA nAza karane ke lie tathA duSToM kA damana karane ke lie amuka-amuka deva yA devoM kI stuti evaM manautI kare / tadanantara kahA gayA ki usa usa bhogya sAmagrI kI zIghra prApti ke lie yajJa kare, aura usameM sajIva yA nirjIva abhISTa padArtha arpaNa kre| aisA karane se devatA santuSTa aura tRpta hokara usakI manovAMchA pUrNa karate haiN| niSkarSa yaha hai ki vaidika samasta anuSThAna yA tattvajJAna devavAda aura yajJavAda meM kendrita hokara puSpita phalita huA / vividha devoM ko apanI vibhinna manokAmanAoM kI pUrti ke lie prasanna karane kA tathA usake sAdhana ke rUpa meM yajJa karma kA kramazaH vikAsa huaa| kAlakrama se yajJa yAgoM kA vidhi-vidhAna itanA jaTila aura durUha ho gayA ki sAdhAraNa vyakti bhI yajJa karanA cAhatA to yajJakarma meM pUrNa nipuNa yAjJika purohitoM ke binA sambhava nahIM thaa| isa prakAra devavAda aura yajJavAda ke sAtha purohitavAda kA bhI bolabAlA huaa| jo vyakti jitane adhika yajJa karAtA, vaha utanA hI bar3A, puNyazAlI aura svarga kA adhikArI samajhA jAtA / brAhmaNa granthoM meM yajJakarma ke protsAhana ke lie - 'putrakAmo yajeta', 'vRSTikAmo yajeta', 'rAjyakAmo yajeta', 'svargakAmo yajeta' ityAdi vaidika vAkya prastuta kiye jaate| yaha mAnyatA vedavAda (devavAda, yajJavAda evaM purohitavAda) se lekara brAhmaNa granthoM ke praNayana-kAla ke prArambha taka vikAsa pAtI rhii| isa kAla ke anta taka vedoM kI racanA pUrNa ho cukI thI, phira brAhmaNa granthoM (gRhyasUtroM Adi) kI racanA huii| isameM bhI yajJAdi anuSThAnoM kI vidhiyoM, yAjJikoM kI yogyatA For Personal & Private Use Only

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244 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) Adi kA varNana thaa| isa prakAra vedakAla se lekara brAhmaNa kAla taka sArA tattvajJAna devoM kI pUjA aura unheM prasanna karane ke sAdhanabhUta yajJa-yAgAdi kI paridhi meM sImita rahA / brAhmaNa kAla ke pazcAt vividha upaniSadoM kI racanA huii| inakA tattvajJAna vedoM aura brAhmaNa granthoM se nirAlA hI thA / vedoM aura brAhmaNoM meM jahA~ kAmanAmUlaka yajJa yAgAdi karmoM kA hI vidhAna thA, vahA~ upaniSadoM ne niSkAma karma, AtmA evaM indriya, mana, buddhi, prANa Adi ke vikAsa kI nUtana vicAradhArA pravAhita kI / vedoM aura brAhmaNa granthoM kA bhAMga hone ke kAraNa ye vedAnta ke rUpa meM prasiddha hue / vedAnta zabda svataH yaha sUcita karatA hai ki ye vedavAda (devavAda, yajJavAda aura purohitavAda) kA antaH ( parisamApti) karane vAle haiM, athavA inake bAda veda- paramparA kA lagabhaga visarjana nikaTa A gayA hai| ataH upaniSad vaidika sAhitya ke aMgabhUta hone para bhI vedavAda ke virodhI se the| inameM sRSTi tathA adRSTa (karma kA paryAya: vAcaka) ke viSaya meM naI vicAradhArA kA ullekha thA jo vedoM aura brAhmaNa granthoM meM nahIM thA / ' bhagavadgItA Adi paravartI vaidika sAhitya meM upaniSadoM ke pUrvakAlIna vedavAda kA khaNDana milatA hai| unakA bhAvArtha isa prakAra hai "sakAmI (ajJAnI) tathA anizcayI puruSoM kI buddhiyA~ aneka bhedoM vAlI aura ananta hotI haiM / he arjuna! jo sakAmI (ajJAnI) puruSa kevalaphalaprApti meM prIti rakhate haiM, svarga ko hI parama lakSya mAnate haiM. ve vedavAdarata kAmanAparAyaNa loga 'isase bar3hakara aura kucha nahIM haiM,' aisA kahate haiN| ve vivekamUr3ha jana janma-maraNarUpa karmaphala ko dene vAlI tathA bhoga aura aizvarya kI prApti ke lie bahuta-sI kAmanAmUlaka yajJAdi kriyAoM kI pracuratA se yukta lacchedAra bhASA se suzobhita vANI bolate haiN| usa vANI dvArA jinake citta apahRta ho jAte hai, aura jo bhoga aura aizvarya meM Asakta ho jAte haiM, unake antaHkaraNa meM vyavasAyAtmikA (nizcayAtmikA) buddhi nahIM hotii| isalie samasta veda tInoM guNoM (satva, raja, tama) ke kAryarUpa saMsAra viSaya ke hI pratipAdaka haiN| ataH he arjuna ! tU triguNoM se (saMsAra) se 1. isake vistRta varNana ke lie 'AtmamImAMsA' (DaoN. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ) meM karma vicAraNA prakaraNa dekhiye / 2. AtmamImAMsA pR. 80 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda kA AvirbhAva 245 rahita niSkAma, sukha-duHkhAdi dvandvoM se rahita, nitya vastu meM sthita tathA yoga-kSema se niHspRha hokara AtmaparAyaNa bana" / karmavAda kA mUla srota saMsAra aura adRSTa ke ye vedavAdaviruddha vicAra vaidika sAhitya ke aMga mAne jAne vAle upaniSadoM meM kahA~ se Ae ? vaidika paramparA ke vicAroM se hI ye vicAra prAdurbhUta hue, athavA avaidika paramparA ke vicAraka manISiyoM se ye vicAra vaidika manISiyoM dvArA liye gae ? isa tathya kA nirNaya abhI taka Adhunika vidvAn evaM dArzanika nahIM kara paae| yaha nirvivAda hai ki upaniSadoM se pUrvakAlIna vaidika sAhitya meM kahIM bhI sRSTi aura adRSTa kI carcA nahIM miltii| upaniSadoM meM bhI spaSTarUpa se 'karma' zabda kA puNya-pApakarma ke artha meM ullekha nahIM miltaa| kahIM-kahIM 'karma' zabda (kurvanneha karmANi ) AtA hai, vaha kArya karane artha meM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki upaniSadoM ne bhI karma ko saSTi kI vividhatA kA kAraNarUpa sarvasammata vAda nahIM maanaa| ataH ise vaidika paramparA kA maulika vAda yA vicAra nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| zvetAzvatara upaniSad meM jahA~ kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA, bhUta athavA puruSa Adi aneka kAraNoM kA athavA ina sabake saMyoga kA kathana hai, vahA~ ina kAraNoM meM 'karma' kA ullekha nahIM hai| isalie vidvAnoM ke lie yaha avazya anveSaNIya hai ki karma yA adRSTa tattva kA vaidika paramparA meM kisa paramparA se AyAta huA ? ___katipaya vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki AryoM ne ye vicAra bhArata ke AdivAsiyoM se grahaNa kiye| AdivAsiyoM kA yaha mata thA ki manuSya kA 1. bahuzAkhA hyanantAzca baddhayo'vyavasAyinAm // 41 // yAmimAM puSpitAM vAcaM, pravadantyavipazcitaH / vedavAdaratAH pArtha! nAnyadastIti vAdinaH // 42 // kAmAtmAnaH svargaparA janma-karmaphala pradAm / kriyAvizeSabahulA bhogaizvaryagati prati / / 43 / / bhogaizvaryaprasaktAnAM tayA'pahRta-cetasAm / vyavasAyAtmikA buddhiH samAdhau na vidhiiyte||44|| traiguNya viSayA vedA, nisvaiguNyo bhavArjuna ! nirdvandvo nityasattvastho niryogakSema AtmavAn // 45 // - bhagavadgItA a. 2, zlo. 41 se 45 taka 2. "kurvaneha karmANi jijIviSecchataM samAH / " - IzopaniSad 3. kAlaH svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintym| saMyoga eSAM na svAtmabhAvAdAtmApyanIzaH sukha-duHkha hetuH // - zvetAzvatara upaniSad

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246 . karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) jIva marakara paraloka meM vanaspati Adi ke jIvoM meM janma grahaNa karatA hai| yadyapi isa mAnyatA ko andhavizvAsa (Superstition) kahakara pro. hiriyannA ne nirAkRta kara diyA thaa| magara tathya yaha hai ki jisa karmavAda ko vaidika devavAda, yajJavAda Adi se vikasita evaM samanvita nahIM kiyA jA sakA, usa karmavAda kA mUla AdivAsiyoM ke ukta mata se AsAnI se sambaddha hotA hai| isa tathya kI satyatA kA patA usa samaya lagatA hai, jaba hama jainadharmasammata karmavAda aura AtmavAda ke gahana mUla ko khojane kA prayatna karate haiN| niSkarSa yaha hai ki jainadharmasammata karmavAda kI paramparA kA cAhe jo nAma ho, vaha upaniSadoM se svataMtra aura purAtana hai| vaidiko para jaina paramparA ke karmavAda kA prabhAva __ jainadarzana ke udbhaTa vidvAna paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA kA yaha mantavya yahA~ vicAraNIya hai___ "ataH yaha mAnanA nirAdhAra hai ki upaniSadoM meM prasphuTita hone vAle karmavAda viSayaka navIna vicAra jaina-sammata karmavAda ke prabhAva se rahita haiN| jo vaidika paramparA devoM ke binA eka kadama bhI Age nahIM bar3hatI thI, vaha karmavAda ke isa siddhAnta ko hastagata kara yaha mAnane lagI ki phala dene kI zakti devoM meM nahIM, pratyuta svayaM yajJakarma meM hai| vaidika vidvAnoM ne devoM ke sthAna para yajJakarma ko AsIna kara diyaa| deva aura kucha nahIM, veda ke maMtra hI deva haiN| isa yajJakarma ke samarthana meM hI apane ko. kRtakRtya mAnane vAlI dArzanika kAla kI mImAMsaka vicAradhArA ne to yajJAdi karma se utpanna hone vAle 'apUrva' nAma ke padArtha kI kalpanA kara vaidika darzana meM devoM ke sthAna para adRSTa karma kA hI sAmrAjya sthApita kara diyaa|" yadi hama isa samasta itihAsa ko dRSTi-sammukha rakheM to "vaidikoM para jainaparamparA ke karmavAda kA prabhAva spaSTataH pratIta hotA hai|" adRSTa kI kalpanA bhI vedetara prabhAva kA pariNAma "vaidika paramparA ke lie adRSTa athavA karma kA vicAra navIna hai aura bAhara se usakA AyAta huA hai, isa bAta kA eka pramANa yaha bhI hai ki vaidika loga pahale AtmA kI zArIrika, mAnasika kriyAoM ko hI 'karma' mAnate the| tatpazcAt ve yajJAdi bAhya anuSThAnoM ko bhI 'karma' kahane lge| kintu ye asthAyI anuSThAna svayameva phala kaise de sakate haiM ? unakA to usI samaya nAza ho jAtA hai| ataH kisI mAdhyama kI kalpanA karanI caahie| 1. isake ullekha aura khaNDana ke lie dekhiye 'Outlines of Indian Philosophy'-P.79 (Prof. Hiriyanna) For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda kA AvirbhAva 247 isa AdhAra para mImAMsA darzana meM 'apUrva' nAma ke padArtha kI kalpanA kI gii| yaha kalpanA veda meM athavA brAhmaNoM (granthoM) meM nahIM hai| yaha dArzanika kAla meM dikhAI detI hai| isase bhI siddha hotA hai ki apUrva ke samAna adRSTa padArtha kI kalpanA mImAMsakoM kI maulika dena nahIM, parantu vedetara prabhAva kA pariNAma hai / " d vaidika dvArA sRSTi ke anAditva kI mAnyatA para jaina paramparA kA prabhAva "vaidika paramparA meM mAnya veda aura upaniSadoM taka kI sRSTi prakriyA ke anusAra jar3a aura cetana sRSTi anAdi na hokara sAdi hai / yaha bhI mAnA gayA ki vaha sRSTi kisI eka yA kinhIM aneka jar3a athavA cetana tattvoM se utpanna huI hai| isake viparIta karma siddhAnta ke anusAra yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki jar3a athavA jIvasRSTi anAdikAla se calI A rahI hai| yaha mAnyatA jaina paramparA ke mUla meM hI vidyamAna hai| usake anusAra kisI aise samaya kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI, jaba jar3a aura cetana kA astitva - karmAnusArI astitva na rahA ho / yahI nahIM, upaniSadoM ke anantarakAlIna samasta vaidika matoM meM bhI saMsArI jIva kA astitva isI prakAra anAdi svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha karmavAda kI mAnyatA kI hI dena hai| " 2 anAdi saMsAra siddhAnta kA mUla : vedetara paramparA meM "karmatattva kI kuMjI isa sUtra se bhI prApta hotI hai ki janma-maraNa kA kAraNa (mUla) karma hai| isI siddhAnta ke AdhAra para saMsAra ke anAdi hone kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| anAdi saMsAra ke jisa siddhAnta ko bAda meM sabhI vaidika darzanoM ne svIkAra kiyA, vaha ina darzanoM kI utpatti ke pUrva hI jaina - evaM bauddha paramparA meM vidyamAna thA / kintu veda athavA upaniSadoM meM ise sarvasammata siddhAnta ke rUpa meM svIkRta nahIM kiyA gyaa| isase patA calatA hai ki isa siddhAnta kA mUla vedabAhya paramparA meM hai| yaha vedetara paramparA bhArata meM AryoM ke Agamana se pahale ke nivAsiyoM kI ho sakatI hai aura unakI ina mAnyatAoM kA hI sampUrNa vikAsa vartamAna jaina paramparA meM sambhava hai|"4 - 1. (ka) AtmamImAMsA (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) se uddhRta pR. 82, 84 (kha) gaNadharavAda prastAvanA (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) se uddhRta pR. 120, 122 2. AtmamImAMsA se uddhRta 'kammaM ca jAI - maraNassa mUla' 4. gaNadharavAda kI prastAvanA pR. 121 se uddhRta uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 32 For Personal & Private Use Only

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248 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) karmavAda kA mUla udgama : jaina-paramparA Age calakara paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki "jaina-paramparA prAcIna (prAgaitihAsika) kAla se hI karmavAdI hai, usameM devavAda ko kabhI bhI sthAna prApta nahIM huaa|" . vaidika vicAraka yajJa kI kriyA ke cAroM ora hI samasta vicAraNA kA Ayojana karate haiN| jaise unakI maulika vicAraNA kA stambha yajJakriyA hai, vaise hI jaina vidvAnoM kI samasta vicAraNA karma para AdhArita hai| ataH upakI maulika vicAraNA kI nIMva karmavAda hai|' vaidika paramparA meM yajJAdi ke sAtha karma kA samAveza - vaidika paramparA meM yajJakarma tathA deva donoM kI mAnyatA thii| jaba deva kI apekSA karma kA mahatva adhika mAnA jAne lagA, taba yajJa kA samarthana karane vAloM ne yajJa aura karmavAda kA samanvaya kara yajJa ko hI deva banA diyA aura ve yaha mAnane lage ki yajJa hI karma hai tathA isI se saba phala milate haiN| dArzanika vyavasthA kAla meM ina logoM kI paramparA kA nAma 'mImAMsA darzana' pdd'aa| prajApati devAdhideva ke sAtha karmavAda kA samanvaya __ Age calakara vaidika paramparA meM yajJa ke vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha devoM kI vicAraNA kA bhI vikAsa huaa| brAhmaNa kAla meM prAcIna aneka devoM ke sthAna para eka prajApati ko devAdhideva mAnA jAne lgaa| jina logoM kI zraddhA isa devAdhideva para aTala rahI unakI paramparA. meM bhI karmavAda ko sthAna prApta huA aura unhoMne bhI prajApati tathA karmavAda kA samanvaya apane DhaMga se kiyaa| ve mAnate haiM ki jIva ko apane karmAnusAra phala to milatA hai, kintu isa phala ko dene vAlA devAdhideva Izvara hai| Izvara jIvoM ke karmAnusAra unheM phala detA hai, apanI icchAnusAra nhiiN| isa samanvaya ko svIkAra karane vAle vaidika darzanoM meM nyAya, vaizeSika, vedAnta aura uttarakAlIna sezvara sAMkhyadarzana (yogadarzana) kA samAveza hai|" vaidikoM meM karmavAda kA praveza kyoM, kaba aura kisa rUpa meM ? vaidika vidvAnoM ne yajJa, deva yA devAdhideva ke sAtha karmavAda kA samanvaya bhI tabhI kiyA, jaba karmasiddhAnta kA prAbalya hone lgaa| jisa prakAra 1. gaNadharavAda kI prastAvanA pR. 121 se uddhRta 2. AtmamImAMsA se uddhata pR.84 3. 'gaNadharavAda kI prastAvanA' pR. 122 se uddhRta For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda kA AvirbhAva 249 upaniSadkAla meM adhyAtmavAda kA prabalatA se pratipAdana hone lagA, taba pazuvadhamUlaka yajJoM evaM anya karmakANDoM para se logoM kI zraddhA kSINa hone lagI, usI prakAra karmavAda ke vyavasthita DhaMga se pratipAdana hone para aneka devoM se sambandhita zraddhA kA bhI hrAsa hone lgaa| yAjJavalkya jaise upaniSadkAlIna RSi bhI karmavAda kA rahasya samajhAte hue kahate haiM-puNyakarma (zubha kArya) se manuSya puNyavAn banatA hai, aura pApakarma se paapii|' jo jaisA kArya yA AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha vaisA hI bana jAtA hai| acchA kArya karane vAlA acchA banatA hai aura burA kArya karane vAlA buraa|2 ___ "isIlie kahA gayA hai ki manuSya kAmanAoM kA banA huA (kAmamaya) hai| jaisI usakI kAmanA hotI hai, tadanusAra vaha nizcaya karatA hai, aura jaisA nizcaya karatA hai, vaisA hI karma vaha karatA hai, tathA jaisA karma karatA hai, vaisA hI phala pAtA hai|"3 vaidikoM dvArA karmavAda kI spaSTa dhAraNA nahIM .. isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vaidika vidvAnoM ne karmavAda kA samAveza to apane-apane granthoM meM kiyA, kintu saMsAra ke samasta prANiyoM kI vividhatA tathA manuSyoM kI anekarUpatA ke kAraNabhUta karma kA rahasyodghATana nahIM kara ske| karmakANDI mImAMsakoM ne devoM aura yajJoM kI paridhi meM hI karmavAda ko samAviSTa kiyA, tathA devAdhidevavAdI, prajApativAdI yA IzvaravAdI bhI apanI sArI bauddhika zakti Izvara-kartRtva evaM Izvara kI siddhi meM lagAte rhe| ve saMsAra kI vicitratA ke kAraNabhUta vividha karmoM tathA unake bandha ke kAraNoM aura vividha phaloM ke viSaya meM koI spaSTa dhAraNA nahIM banA ske| karmavAda kA mUla aura vikAsa jaina paramparA meM hI ataH karmavAda mUlarUpa meM jisa jainaparamparA kA thA, usI ne isa vAda para gaharAI se chAnabIna karake usa siddhAnta ko vaijJAnika aura manovaijJAnika DhaMga se prastuta kiyaa| saMsAra ke vibhinna varga ke prANiyoM ke jitane bhI uccAvaMca prakAra sambhava haiM, tathA eka hI jIva kI AdhyAtmika dRSTi se sAMsArika nikRSTatama avasthA se lekara usakI uccatama avasthA taka 1. 'puNyo vai puNyena karmaNA bhavati, pApaH paapen|" - bRhadAraNyaka 3/2/13 2. "yathAkArI yathAcArI tathA bhavati / sAdhukArI sAdhurbhavati, pApakArI pApI bhvti|" "bRhadAraNyaka 4/45 3. "athA khalvAhuH kAmamaya evA'yaM puruSa iti sa yathAkAmo bhavati, tatkarturbhavati, yatkarturbhavati tatkarmakurute, yatkarma kurute, tdbhismpdyte|" -vahI, 4/45 For Personal & Private Use Only

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250 karma - vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) vikAsa ke jitane bhI mukhya sopAna (zreNiyA~) ho sakate haiM, una sabakA ullekha karake una saba avasthAoM meM kisa-kisa karma kA kyA kyA prabhAva hai ? evaM usa prabhAva se mukta hone ke lie jIva kisa prakAra kA puruSArtha kare ? yaha saba vistRta evaM vyavasthita varNana jaisA jainaparamparA ke zAstroM evaM granthoM tathA jaina kathAoM meM hai, vaisA anyatra dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| isalie yaha nirvivAda kahA jA sakatA hai ki karmavAda kA maulika vicAra, usakA sayuktika vikAsa tathA use vyavasthita rUpa dene kA prayAsa jainaparamparA meM huA hai| jainaparamparA dvArA pratipAdita karmasiddhAnta ke sphuliMga anya paramparAoM meM pahu~ce aura unhoMne bhI apane- apane granthoM meM usakA samAveza kiyA, isase unakI vicAradhArA bhI tejasvI banI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda kA tirobhAva-AvirbhAva : kyoM aura kaba 251 (3) karmavAda kA tirobhAva-AvirbhAva : kyoM aura kaba AvirbhAva yA AviSkAra AvazyakatA hone para hotA hai saMsAra meM koI bhI vastu aisI nahIM hai, jisakA AviSkAra AvazyakatA ke binA huA ho| pAzcAtya jagat kA yaha mAnA huA siddhAnta hai ki "AvazyakatA AviSkAra kI jananI hai|" jaba manuSya ko kRtrima prakAza kI AvazyakatA huI to bijalI kA AviSkAra huaa| jaba use samudra ke athAha jala para sahI-salAmata calane aura apane gantavya sthAna para pahu~cane kI icchA huI to usane sTImara (vASpa-jalayAna) kA AviSkAra kiyA, jo eka hI sAtha saikar3oM Tana vajana apanI chAtI para uThAye, samudra ke athAha jala para tairatA huA manuSya ko dUra-sudUra gantavya sthAna taka le jAtA hai| jaba manuSya ko AkAza meM ur3akara drutagati se kucha hI ghaMToM meM hajAroM mIla dUra gantavya sthAna para pahu~cane kI AvazyakatA huI, samaya kI bacata karane kI icchA huI to usane eka se eka bar3hakara zIghragAmI vAyuyAnoM kA AviSkAra kiyaa| sthala para zIghragati se pahu~cane kI icchA se usane relagAr3I, moTaragAr3I, basa Adi kA AviSkAra kiyA, jo zIghra hI gantavya sthala taka pahu~cA detI haiN| saikar3oM Tana mAla eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para pahu~cAne ke lie mAlagAr3I, bhAra vAhaka Traka kA AviSkAra mAnava buddhi kI upaja hai| isI prakAra mAnava ne apane bhautika jIvana yApana ke lie jina-jina vastuoM kI AvazyakatA huI, una-una vastuoM, utpAdaka yaMtroM, mazInoM, Adi kA AviSkAra kiyaa| dUra-sudUra baiThe hue vyakti se bAtacIta karane ke lie usane phona, kebila, vAyaralesa Adi kA; usakA citra, usakI mukhamudrA evaM AkRti dekhane tathA usakI vANI sunane Adi kI AvazyakatA par3I to usane reDiyo, Telivijana, vIDiyo keseTa Adi kA AviSkAra kiyaa| candraloka 1. Necessity is the mother of invention.' For Personal & Private Use Only

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252 karma - vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) tathA anyAnya grahoM para pahu~cane aura vahA~ kI gatividhi jAnane ke lie usane kRtrima upagrahoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| eka sAtha hajAroM lAkhoM, karor3oM manuSyoM ke sukha-zAnti se rahaneM, apane-apane parivAra ke sAtha sukha se jIvana yApana karane evaM usakI vividha AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karane ke lie manuSya ne grAma, nagara basAe, AvAsa-gRha banAe, vyApAra ke lie dukAneM Adi kholI, kisI bhI manuSya para anyAya-atyAcAra na ho, koI bhI vyakti corI, vyabhicAra, lUTa-pATa, beImAnI, ThagI, hatyA Adi anaitika kukRtya yA aparAdha na kara sake, isake lie manuSya ne nyAyAlaya, kArAgAra, ArakSaka dala (pulisa dala) Adi kI racanA kii| isI prakAra naitika, dhArmika sAdhanA sAmUhika rUpa se karane tathA zraddhA-bhakti ko jAgRta karane ke lie manuSyoM ne vividha mandira, dharmasthAna, devAlaya, tIrthasthala banAe / manuSyoM kI vicArazakti ko jAgRta karane evaM Atma-1 - cintana, AtmazaktiyoM ko jagAne ke lie vividha manISiyoM ne AdhyAtmika sAhitya kA sRjana kiyaa| isa prakAra mAnava ne eka se eka bar3hakara AviSkAra jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM kI AvazyakatA kI pUrti ke lie kiye| naitika, sAmAjika, pArivArika, nAgarika, rASTrIya, antarrASTrIya, rAjanaitika, Arthika, dhArmika, sAMskRtika, AdhyAtmika Adi mAnava jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM mAnava ne apanI AvazyakatA ke anurUpa nAnAvidha vastuoM kA AviSkAra kiyA / itanA hI nahIM, kitanI hI aisI vastue~ bhI mAnava ne AviSkRta kI haiM, jo sabako Azcarya meM DAlane vAlI haiN| kitane hI aise padArthoM kA AviSkAra bhI usane kiyA, jo usake nagara, gA~va, rASTra yA vizva ke mAnava bandhuoM ke lie atyanta hAnikAraka evaM vinAzakArI haiN| karmavAda kA AviSkAra kyoM kiyA gayA ? niSkarSa yaha hai ki ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM hamAre samakSa yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki karmavAda kA AviSkAra kyoM kiyA ? hamAre mahAmanISI tIrthaMkaroM, vizvahitaiSI mahApuruSoM evaM sarvajJoM ko karmavAda ko AvirbhUta (AviSkRta) karane kI kyA AvazyakatA thI ? AditIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva Adi ke samakSa kauna-sI aisI paristhitiyA~ thIM, kaunasI aisI AvazyakatAe~ thIM athavA kauna-sI aisI vivazatAe~ yA apekSAe~ thIM, jinake kAraNa unheM karmavAda sambandhI itanA sUkSma cintana jagat ke samakSa prastuta karanA par3A ? prazna bahuta hI sAmayika hai, aura buddhigrAhya bhI / For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda kA tirobhAva - AvirbhAva : kyoM aura kaba 253 prAgaitihAsika kAla meM bha. RSabhadeva dvArA AvirbhUta karmavAda yoM to hamane pratyeka kAlacakra meM hone vAle tIrthaMkaroM dvArA prastuta aura AviSkRta hone ke kAraNa karmavAda ko pravAharUpa se anAdi mAnA hai aura isa avasarpiNI kAla meM prAgaitihAsika kAla se- Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva se karmavAda kA AvirbhAva, AviSkaraNa yA prArambhika prastutIkaraNa mAnA hai| unhoMne karmavAda kA AviSkaraNa yA AvirbhAva kyoM kiyA ? usa samaya kyA AvazyakatA thI, karmavAda ke AviSkaraNa kI ? isa sambandha meM hama 'karmavAda kA AvirbhAva zIrSaka nibandha meM spaSTa kara cuke haiN| usa samaya yaugalika janatA kA bhoga bhUmikA se karmabhUmikA meM saMkramaNa, janatA ke samakSa jIvana-yApana kA saMkaTa, ApAdhApI, anaitikatA, anyAyaatyAcAra kA daura, chInA-jhapaTI, kalaha, svArthalipsA, AdhyAtmika, naitika aura dhArmika tattvoM ke prati anabhijJatA, phalataH manamAnA AcaraNa evaM svacchandAcAra Adi aneka vikaTa saMkaTa upasthita the| saMkramaNakAlika paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa usa yuga kA mAnava dharma, karma, kartavya aura dAyitva se bilkula abodha thaa| aise samaya meM AditIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne usa yuga kI janatA ko naitika, dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika patha para lAne ke lie karmavAda kA sAMgopAMga bodha diyaa| unhoMne svayaM anagAra banakara pUrvabaddha (purAkRta) karmoM se mukti pAne tathA AtmA aura paramAtmA ke bIca meM dIvAra bane hue karmoM se chuTakArA pAne kA jvalanta jIvita udAharaNa prastuta kiyA / karmavAda kA cintana-manana- zravaNa, adhyayana karane tathA apane jIvana meM mana-vacana-kAyA se hone vAlI pratyeka kriyA yA pravRtti ke bAre meM caukasI rakhane, yatanA evaM sAvadhAnI rakhane kA nirdeza kiyaa| unhoMne apanA dharmasaMgha (dharmatIrtha) sthApita kiyaa| usake mAdhyama se janatA meM karmavAda kA AvirbhAva hI nahIM, pracAra-prasAra bhI huA / ' yaha huA prAgaitihAsika kAla karmavAda ke sarvaprathama AvirbhAva kA kAraNa / naye naye tIrthaMkaroM dvArA apane-apane yuga meM karmavAda kA AvirbhAva - isa avasarpiNIkAla meM kAlakrama se caubIsa tIrthaMkara ho cuke haiN| eka tIrthaMkara ke pazcAta dUsare tIrthaMkara ke hone meM saikar3oM, hajAroM, lAkhoM varSoM kA antarAla' ho jAtA hai| isa avasarpiNI yuga ke AditIrthaMkara bhagavAn 1. isake vistRta vivaraNa ke lie dekhiye - triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra, kalpasUtra, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, Adi grantha evaM zAstra / 2. eka tIrthaMkara se bAda dUsare tIrthaMkara ke Ane ke antarAla ke lie dekhiye kalpasUtra meM varNita caubIsa tIrthakaroM kA antarAviSayaka paatth| For Personal & Private Use Only

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254 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) . RSabhadeva ke siddha-buddha-mukta ho jAne ke bAda Age ke dvitIya tIrthakara ke Ane taka meM lAkhoM varSoM kA samaya ho gyaa| itanA lambA vyavadhAna janatA kI tattvajJAna kI smRti, dhAraNA yA paramparA ko dhUmila kara detA hai| janatA apane samaya ke tIrthaMkara ke dvArA AvirbhUta karmavAda ke saiddhAntika tattvoM evaM tathyoM ko dhIre-dhIre vismRta ho jAtI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki eka tIrthakara ke mokSa padhArane ke pazcAt janatA saikar3oM-hajAroM varSoM taka usa AviSkRta karmavAdIya siddhAnta ko avikala rUpa se smaraNa nahIM rakha paatii| usameM mizraNa ho jAtA hai| isalie yuga-yuga meM eka tIrthaMkara ke mukta ho jAne ke bAda dUsarA tIrthakara AtA hai, aura janatA meM suSupta, vismRta evaM dhUmila par3e hue evaM tirohita hue karmavAda ke saMskAroM ko punaH jAgRta evaM AviSkRta karatA hai, smaraNa karAtA hai aura usa para par3I huI vismRti kI dhUla kI parata ko haTAtA hai| isa prakAra hara mahAyuga meM nayA Ane vAlA tIrthakara apane-apane yuga kI paristhitiyoM aura AvazyakatAoM ko dekhakara karmavAda kA AvirbhAvaAviSkAra karatA hai| itihAsa isa viSaya meM mauna hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke pazcAt bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi taka hone vAle bIsa tIrthakaroM ne apane-apane mahAyuga meM kina-kina AvazyakatAoM, paristhitiyoM evaM apekSAoM ko lakSya meM rakhakara karmavAda kA AvirbhAva-AviSkAra kiyA thA ? bAIsaveM tIrthakara (ariSTanemi) se lekara isa mahAyuga ke antima tIrthakara jJAtaputra nirgrantha zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra taka ko aitihAsika mahApuruSa mAnA jAtA hai| unhoMne apane-apane jIvanakAla meM kinakina AvazyakatAoM, paristhitiyoM evaM apekSAoM ko lekara karmavAda kA AviSkaraNa-AvirbhAva kiyA, isakI kucha-kucha jhAMkI jainAgameM meM tathA jainAcAryoM evaM manISI muniyoM dvArA likhita granthoM meM milatI hai| bhagavAn ariSTanemi dvArA tirobhAvApanna karmavAda kA AvirbhAva bAIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAn ariSTanemi (neminAtha) ke dvArA karmavAda ke AviSkaraNa-abhivyaktIkaraNa kI eka jhAMkI uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM milatI hai| saMkSepa meM vaha isa prakAra hai-jaba ariSTanemi zrIkRSNajI Adi yAdavapuMgavoM ke anurodha para rAjImatI (rAjula) se vivAha karane ke lie bArAta lekara prasthAna karate haiM aura jyoMhI ugrasena rAjA ke mahaloM ke nikaTa pahu~cate haiM, tyoM hI unakI dRSTi vahA~ eka vizAla bAr3e meM piMjaroM meM baMda pazuoM para For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda kA tirobhAva-AvirbhAva : kyoM aura kaba 255 par3atI hai| ve jAna gaye ki ye pazu yahA~ kyoM baMda kiye gaye haiM ? unake mana meM manthana jAgA ki "ye becAre mUka aura nirdoSa pazu, apane pUrvakRta karmoM ke kAraNa tiryaJcayoni pAye haiN| ye apanI vedanA, vyathA, mAnavabhASA meM kisI se kahakara pragaTa nahIM kara skte| phira bhI inakA karuNa cItkAra pragaTa kara rahA hai, inheM apanI karuNa mRtyu kA AbhAsa atyanta pIDAjanaka evaM duHkhada laga rahA hai| manuSyoM ko kyA adhikAra hai-ina nirdoSa, niraparAdha pazuoM ko mArakara inakA mAMsa khAne kA ? kyA isa prakAra ke krUra evaM pazughAtaka mAnava ko apane isa duSkarma kA phala bhaviSya meM dAruNaphala ke rUpa meM nahIM bhoganA par3egA ? pazuoM ke sAtha bA~dhI huI isa vaira-paramparA kA anta bhI to aneka janmoM taka nahIM A pAegA, aura una-una janmoM meM kugatiyA~ aura kuyoniyA~ aura duSparisthitiyA~ pAkara isa mAnava nAmaka prANI ko hiMsAkRtya ke duSkarmoM ko kATane yA naSTa karane kA subodha kahA~ milegA? phalataH janma-janmAntara taka duSkarmoM kA yaha kucakra calatA rhegaa| vartamAna meM abodha hiMsAkRtya para utArU ina mAnavoM kI karmoM se mukti bahuta hI duSkara ho jaaegii| ataH isa prasaMga para mujhe ina aMbodha mAnavoM ko samajhAnA cAhie aura mujhe bhI-mere nimitta se hone vAle isa pazuhiMsA ke kukRtya se bacanA caahie|" isa prakAra ke manomaMthana' ke phalasvarUpa unhoMne janatA ko karmavAda kA bodha dene kI dRSTi se apane sArathI se pUchA-'ye saba sukhArthI prANI kisa lie ina bAr3oM aura piMjaroM meM roke hue haiM ?' usane vinamratApUrvaka uttara diyaa-'svaamin| Apa ke vivAha-kArya meM upasthita hone vAle bahuta se logoM ko mAMsa-bhoja dene ke lie ina prANiyoM ko isa vizAla bAr3e meM ekatrita kiyA gayA hai|' isa para neminAtha ne ukta ratha ko vahIM rukavA diyaa| bArAta Age nahIM bar3ha skii| karuNAzIla mahAprAjJa ariSTanemi ne karmavAda ke rahasya ko apratyakSa rUpa se janatA ke samakSa AviSkRta karane tathA upadeza dene hetu kahA-"yadi mere nimitta se ina bahuta se prANiyoM kA vadha hotA hai, to usase hone vAlA yaha karmabandha paraloka meM mere lie zreyaskara nahIM hogaa|" 2 1... "citei se mahApanne, sANukkose jiehiu|" -uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 22, gA. 18 1. kassa aTThA ime pANA, ee savve suhesiNo bADehi paMjarehiM ca saniruddhA ya acchAhi ? // 16 // aha sArahI tao bhaNaha ee bhaddA u paanninno| tujjha vivAha kajjami bhoyAveu bahu jaNaM / / 17 / / jai majjhakAraNA ee hammahiMti bahU jiyaa| na me eyaM tu nissesaM paraloge bhvissi||19|| -uttarAdhyayana a. 22 gA. 15 se 19 taka For Personal & Private Use Only

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256 karma - vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) isa prasaMga meM isa duSkarma kA pariNAma paraloka (AgAmI janma) meM zreyaskara na hone ke bha. neminAtha dvArA nikAle gae udgAraM kyA karmavAda ke AviSkaraNa- AvirbhAva ke spaSTa saMketa nahIM haiM ? isI prakAra karmayogI trikhaNDAdhipati vAsudeva zrI kRSNa jaba tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi se dvArikA nagarI ke bhAvI vinAza ke mUla (kAraNa) ke viSaya meM pUchate haiM, ' taba bhI unakA uttara karmavAdagarbhita hotA hai| surApAna tathA agnikumAra dvaipAyana RSi para marmAntaka prahAra ke kAraNa hue ghora pApa karmabandha kA hI pariNAma dvArikAnagarI ke vinAza ke rUpa meM phalita hotA hai| yaha bhI unake dvArA karmavAda kI abhivyakti hai / zrI kRSNajI ke sahodara laghubhrAtA gajasukumAla muni jaba mahAkAla: zmazAna meM kAyotsarga meM sthita the, taba unake sira para somala brAhmaNa ne khaira ke dhadhakate aMgAre rakhakara unako nirmama prANAnta karane kA upakrama kiyA thA / kintu use samabhAva se sahana karate hue Atma-svabhAva meM aDola rahane ke kAraNa samasta karmoM se mukta, siddha-buddha ho ge| dUsare dina prAtaH zrI kRSNa jI dvArA bhagavAn ariSTanemi se gajasukumAla muni kA vRttAnta pUchane para unhoMne kahA-kRSNa ! gajasukumAla aNagAra ne apanA kArya (AtmArtha) siddha kara liyA / zrI kRSNajI dvArA vizeSa vivaraNa pUche jAne para bhagavAna ariSTanemi ne kahA- "jaise tumane usa vRddha puruSa ko sahAyatA dI, ThIka usI prakAra, usa puruSa ne gajasukumAla anagAra ko unake apane aneka zata-sahasra arthAt lAkhoM (99 lAkha) bhavoM (janmoM) meM saMcita kiye hue karmoM kI udIraNA karakeM sampUrNa karmoM kA kSaya karane meM sahAyatA dI hai| ...isalie he kRSNa ! tuma usa manuSya para pradveSa (roSa) mata kro| arthAt usa vyakti ne gajasukumAla muni ko samasta karmoM ko nirmUla karane meM tathA sarvaduHkhoM kA anta karane meM bar3I sahAyatA pahu~cAI hai| aba tuma usa para roSa karake naye duSkarma mata bA~dho / ' 11Y ........ "1. "imI se NaM bhaMte! vAravattIe NayarIe duvAlasa joyaNa AyAmAe jAva paccakkha devaloga bhUyAe ki mUlAe viNAse bhavissai ?" 2. "imI se vAravattIe NayarIe suraggidIvAyaNamUlAe viNAse bhavissai / " - antakRddazAMga sUtra varga 5 a. 1 3. "sAhie NaM kahA gayasukumAleNaM aNagAreNaM appaNI a........." 4. (ka) jahA NaM kaNhA! tumaM tassa purisassa sAhijje dinne, evameva kaNhA! teNaM puriseNaM gayasukumAlassa aNagArassa aNegabhava - saya sahassa - saMciyaM kamma udI remANeNa bahukamma NijjaratthaM sAhijje dine / - antakRt dazAMga varga 3 a. 8 (kha) "mANaM tumaM tassa purisassa padosa bhAvajjAhi evaM khalu kaNhA / teNaM puriseNa gaya sukumAlassa aNagArassa sAhijje dinne / " - vahI, varga 3 a. 8 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda kA tirobhAva- AvirbhAva : kyoM aura kaba 257 isa prasaMga meM tathA pUrvaprasaMga meM bhI ghora saMkaTa, maraNAntaka kaSTa, evaM upasarga ke samaya tIrthaMkara neminAtha ne kisI Izvara, devI- deva, yA kisI zakti se sahAyatA kI prArthanA karane, use manAne yA usake dvArA dUsare ko mukta karane kI bAta nahIM kI, balki unhoMne duSkarmoM ke phala kI, sAtha hI pUrvabaddha (99 lAkha janmoM pUrva bA~dhe hue) karmoM ko samabhAva se kSaya karane, Atma-svarUpa meM tanmaya hone tathA zukladhyAna ke dvArA Atma-jyoti meM lIna hokara samasta karmoM se rahita siddha buddha mukta paramAtmA ho jAne kI bAta khii| ye prasaMga bhI unake dvArA tirohita hue karmavAda ke AviSkaraNaAvirbhAva ko dyotita kara rahe haiN| - bhagavAn pArzvanAtha dvArA tirohita karmavAda kA AvirbhAva bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn neminAtha ke mukta ho jAne ke bAda bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke samaya taka meM karmavAda ko loga lagabhaga bhUla gae the| karmavAda ke mUla siddhAntoM para vismRti kI dhUla par3a cukI thii| usa yuga meM tApasoM kA prabala prabhAva thaa| Ama janatA unake bAhyADambara, paMcAgni tapa, dhUnI meM kASTa-prajvAlana tathA vividha prakAra ke varadAna aura zApa ke daura, bhUtabhaviSya-kathana Adi ke vAgjAla ko dekhakara prabhAvita hotI thii| vArANasI kA aMcala usa samaya tApasoM kA kendra thaa| nadI taToM para aura suramya vanoM meM saikar3oM hajAroM tApasa maTha, Azrama yA kuTI banAkara vicitra-vicitra prakAra ke ajJAnayukta kaThora kriyAkANDa, ADambara aura mAyAcAra phailAe baiThe the / prajvalita agni meM, prajvalita kASToM meM evaM vividha ajJAnamUlaka tapa ke AcaraNa se, evaM jarA-jarA-sI bAta para roSa, dveSa, ahaMkAra evaM zApa kA pradarzana karane se tathA hiMsAjanaka kRtyoM se hone vAle azubha karmabandha aura unase bhaviSya meM prApta hone vAle kaSTadAyaka karmaphala se ve bilkula anabhijJa the / janatA bhI andhavizvAsa, pAkhaNDa aura ADambara kI cakAcauMdha meM par3akara karma siddhAnta ko bhulA baiThI thii| . karma-siddhAnta ke isa prakAra ke tirobhAva ke yuga meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA janma huaa| janma se hI unheM tIna jJAna the| isa kAraNa unakI pratibhA zakti, nirNayazakti, vizleSaNazakti, nirIkSaNa-parIkSaNazakti kAphI vikasita thii| ve ajJAna aura andhavizvAsa, kurUr3hiyoM aura kuprathAoM meM jakar3e hue manuSyoM ko duHkhita pIr3ita dekhakara dayArdra ho uThate the| asatya aura pAkhaNDoM ko dekhakara ve karmavAda para gaharAI cintana karate phira apane mitroM aura sevakoM ke samakSa unakA prativAda karate aura asatya aura pAkhaNDa mAdi se hone vAle karmabandha aura prApta hone vAle kaThora pariNAma kA tattva samajhAte / For Personal & Private Use Only

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258 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) pArzvanAtha ne karmavAda kA tirobhAva dUra kiyA usa samaya ke prasiddhi prApta tApasa kamaTha ke ADambara aura ajJAnamUlaka tapa tathA usake pAkhaNDa ke prabhAva ko dekhakara eka dina pArzvakumAra apane sevakoM ke sAtha usake Azrama meM pahu~ca ge| usa samaya vaha paMcAgni se AtApanA le rahA thaa| bIca-bIca meM Aga kI AMca maMdI hote hI vaha usameM bar3e-bar3e lakkar3a binA dekhe - bhAle hI jhauMkatA jA rahA thaa| usake cAroM ora logoM kA jamaghaTa lagA huA thaa| rAjakumAra pArzvanAtha ne apane jJAna se lakkar3a meM chipe hue sarpa ko Aga kI lapaToM meM chaTapaTAte dekha, unake karuNAzIla hRdaya ne tApasa se kahA - "tapasvI! ina Aga kI lapaToM meM paMcendriya prANiyoM ko homakara AtmakalyANa karanA cAhate ho? yaha to nirA ajJAna hai, dayAzUnya kriyAkANDa meM dharma nahIM, apitu prANihiMsA se kaThora duSkarmoM kA bandha hai|" yaha sunate tApasa kI bhRkuTiyA~ tana gaI, vaha ahaMkAra se garja uThA-' 'rAjakumAra! tumheM kyA patA dharma aura karma kA ? tuma abhI abodha bAlaka ho| maiM koI hiMsA nahIM kara rahA huuN|' pArzvanAtha ne jaba kahA ki isa lakkar3a meM sarpa jala rahA hai, chaTapaTA rahA hai| to usake kathana ko asatya batAte hue tApasa ne kahA - "tuma dveSavaza merI sAdhanA ko bhaMga karanA cAhate ho| mere prabhAva ko dekhakara tumheM IrSyA ho rahI hai| " pArzvakumAra ne vivAda meM samaya na bitAkara zIghra hI apane sevakoM ko jalate lakkar3a ko sAvadhAnI se cIrane kI AjJA dii| lakkar3a cIrA gayA to usameM se agni kI tIvra jvAlAoM meM jalatA huA sarpa bAhara nikala aayaa| vaha antima sAMsa le rahA thaa| pArzvakumAra ne sarpa ko navakAra maMtra sunAkara sambodhita karate hue kahA - " nAgarAja ! mana meM zAnti aura zubha bhAvanA rkho| navakAra maMtra dhyAna se suno, tumhArI sadgati avazya hogI / " . jhulasate hue sarpa ko dekhakara tApasa kA ceharA phakka ho gyaa| usakI andhabhakti karane vAle loga bhI aba usakI dayAhInatA aura ajJAnatA kI bhartsanA karane lge| rAjakumAra pArzva para use bahuta hI krodha aayaa| para rAjakumAra ne use sAntvanA dekara zAnta kiyA / isa apamAna aura parAjaya se tilamilAkara vaha vArANasI se DerA uThAkara kahIM dUra dUsare jaMgala meM calA gyaa| vahA~ bhI vaha kaThora ajJAna tapa aura dehadaNDa kI kriyAe~ karane lgaa| mana meM pArzvakumAra se badalA lene kI krUra bhAvanA karatA rhaa| anta meM, raudrabhAvoM ke sAtha marakara vaha 'meghamAlI' nAmaka asurakumAra deva banA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda kA tirobhAva-AvirbhAva : kyoM aura kaba 259 karmavAda se anabhijJa kamaTha ne vaira-paramparA bar3hAI __bhagavAn pArzvanAtha dIkSita hokara vihAra karate hue eka bAra jaMgala meM tApasoM ke eka Azrama ke pAsa pahu~ce aura nikaTavartI eka vaTa vRkSa ke nIce kAyotsarga karake khar3e ho ge| kamaTha tApasa meghamAlI deva ke rUpa meM vahA~ aayaa| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko dhyAnastha khar3e dekha pUrva-vaira kA smaraNa karake ekadama roSAviSTa hokara TUTa par3A una pr| kabhI siMha kA, kabhI hAthI kA evaM kabhI jaharIle sAMpa evaM bicchU kA rUpa banAkara unheM bhayaMkara yAtanAe~ dene lgaa| . karma-siddhAnta se anabhijJa tApasa isa prakAra hiMsA, roSa, evaM dveSa tathA vairazodhana karane lgaa| kintu karmavAda ke marmajJa prabhu usa para kisI prakAra kA roSa-dveSa na karate hue kaSTa ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahate rhe| prabhu ko zAnta aura nizcala dekha meghamAlI ne uttejita hokara pracaNDa tUphAna ke sAtha ghanaghora jalavRSTi zurU kara dii| cAroM ora jala-pralaya-sA ho gyaa| vRkSa, Azrama, pazu-pakSI saba pAnI meM DUba gye| pAnI bar3hatA-bar3hatA kAyotsargastha prabhu ke nAka ke agrabhAga ko chUne lgaa| phira bhI prabhu dhyAna meM sthira aura prasanna the| ... prabhu ke isa vikaTa upasarga ko dekhakara dharaNendra zIghra prabhu-caraNoM meM phuNcaa| usane virAT saptaphana phailAkara unake mastaka para chatra kara diyaa| kamala kI bhA~ti prabhu kA Asana svataH U~cA Ane lgaa| phira dharaNendra ne meghamAlI deva ko phttkaaraa-"dusstt| kyoM trilokanAtha Anandakanda prabhu ke prati upadrava karake ghora karmoM kA baMdha kara rahA hai ?" yaha suna kamaTha kA jIva meghamAlI deva hataprabha hokara bhAga khar3A huaa| parantu pArzvanAtha prabhu ke sAtha isase pUrva kaI janmoM taka vaha vairabhAva dhAraNa karake rhaa| aura jahA~ kahIM dA~va calatA vaha unheM kaSTa dene meM koI kasara nahIM chodd'taa| parantu karma-siddhAnta ke marmajJa prabhu usa para dayAbhAva rakhakara zAnta aura samabhAvI rhe| . jaina itihAsakAra kahate haiM-dIkSA lene ke 83 dina taka bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kaThora aura ugra kaSTa (upasaga) samabhAva se sahate hue janapadoM meM vicarate rhe| caurAsIveM dina vArANasI ke bAhara A~vale ke vRkSa ke nIce parama zukladhyAna karate hue cAra ghanaghAtI karmoM kA kSaya karake ve kevalajJAnI vItarAga bne| 1. dekheM-'pAsaNAha cariu' meM vistRta varNana For Personal & Private Use Only

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260. karma - vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) prabhu pArzvanAtha dvArA karmavAda kA rahasyodghATana usa samaya prabhu pArzvanAtha ne janapariSad ke bIca apanI prathama divyadezanA dI jisameM unhoMne kaSAya aura vidveSa ke kaTu pariNAmasvarUpa hone vAle kaThora duSkarmabandha aura karmakSaya, kaSAyazamana, indriyadamana Adi karane ke vividha upAyoM kA mArmika varNana kiyA / karmavAda kA rahasya sunakara janatA kI suSupta cetanA jAga utthii| aneka nara-nAriyoM ne karmakSaya karane ke lie vividha yama, niyama, tapa, tyAga, pratyAkhyAna aMgIkAra kiye| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne karmakSaya karane ke lie udyata saMsAravirakta AtmAoM ko muni dIkSA dI / caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kI / karmakSaya karane ke lie unhoMne cAturyAma dharma kA pravartana kiyA / 1 isa prakAra teIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne vismRta aura dhUmila hue karmavAda ke rahasya kA, apane jIvana se, tathA kamaTha ke dvArA calAI huI vaira-paramparA ke viruddha zAnti evaM samatA ke AcaraNa se, tathA apane upadezoM se AvirbhAva- AviSkaraNa kiyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA karmavAda kA AvirbhAva bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana kA lekhA-jokhA to AcArAMga, kalpasUtra, Avazyaka niyukti, AvazyakacUrNi, bhagavatI sUtra, mahAvIra cariyaM, triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra, mahApurANa Adi zAstroM evaM granthoM meM vizada - rUpa se aMkita hai| unakA jIvana eka taraha se karmoM se- pUrvakRta karmoM se samabhAvapUrvaka jUjhane aura unheM parAsta karane vAle ajeya dharmayoddhA kA jIvana hai| bha. mahAvIra ke samyaktvaprApti ke pazcAt hue khAsa-khAsa 27 'bhavoM (nayasAra ke janma se lekara varddhamAna mahAvIra ke rUpa meM janma lene taka ke 27 janmoM) kA vRttAnta milatA hai| jisameM kaI janmoM meM unhoMne kaThora karmabandhana ke tathA kaI janmoM meM karmakSaya karane ke anubhava kiye| inameM marIci, vizvabhUti, tripRSTha vAsudeva, sevAparAyaNa tapodhanI nandana muni bhavoM meM vizeSa rUpa se karmavAda kI sAkSAt anubhUti unheM huI / marIci ke bhava meM ve tApasa ke rUpa meM karmavAda kI sAdhanA karate-karate jAtimada evaM kulamada ke kAraNa usa zreSTha sAdhanA ke phala se vaMcita ho gae / vizvabhUti ke bhava meM Avezavaza aMgIkRta muni jIvana meM kaThora tapazcaryA karake karmakSaya kI 1 1. isake vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekhiye - kalpasUtra, triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra, 'pAsaNAhacariu', aura bhagavAn pArzva eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana le upAcArya devendra muni Adi grantha | For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda kA tirobhAva-AvirbhAva : kyoM aura kaba 261 amRtamayI sAdhanA krodhAviSTa hokara rAkha meM milA dii| phira usa azubhakarmavaza kaI janmoM meM DUbate-utarAte ve tripRSTha vAsudeva ke rUpa meM zaktizAlI parAkramI rAjA hue| isa janma meM karmakSaya karane ke uttama avasara ko khokara rAjasattA ke ahaMkAra ke naze meM apane zayyApAlaka kI jarA-sI bhUla ke kAraNa usake kAnoM meM khaulatA huA garmAgarma zIzA uMDelavA kara use prANAnta daNDa de diyaa| isa krUra karma ke kAraNa samyaktva se bhraSTa hokara ve aneka janmoM taka naraka aura tiryaJcagati meM janma lekara vividharUpa meM yAtanAe~ bhogate rhe| anta meM 25 veM 'nandana' rAjakumAra ke bhava meM unhoMne gRhasthajIvana tathA sAdhujIvana donoM meM tapa, sevA, dayA, virakti, gurubhakti, kSamA Adi ke phalasvarUpa bahuta se azubha karmoM kA kSaya karake uccatara Atmavizuddhi ke kAraNa saMcita puNyarAzi ke phalasvarUpa tIrthakara gotra kA upArjana kiyaa| usake pazcAt 26veM bhava meM ve dazama devaloka meM pahu~ce aura vahA~ se cyavakara isI bharatakSetra meM jJAtaputra tIrthakara varddhamAna mahAvIra bne|' __mahAvIra ne 30 varSa ke yauvanavaya meM nikAcita rUpa se ba~dhe hue apane avaziSTa karmoM ko svakIya puruSArtha se kSaya karake siddha-buddha-mukta paramAtmA banane hetu munidIkSA aMgIkAra kI / munijIvana meM bhI unheM pUrvajanmoM meM baddha nikAcita karmoM ke udaya ke kAraNa aneka bAra prANAnta kaSTa bhogane pdd'e| unameM kahIM gopAlaka, kahIM saMgamadeva, kahIM tApasa, kahIM yakSa, kahIM aparicita grAmINa, kahIM anArya dezIya loga, kahIM sudaMSTra nAgakumAra Adi kaThora yAtanAe~ dene meM nimitta bne| zramaNaziromaNi dIrgha tapasvI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne karmakSaya ke sundara avasara ko na khone kA nizcaya kiyA aura samabhAva, kSamA, dhairya, kaSTasahiSNutA Adi bhAvoM ke sAtha una karmoM ko bhoga kara kSaya kara ddaalaa| __pUrvakRta karmodayavaza vikaTa saMkaTa-ghaTAoM se ghire hone para bhI ve una karmoM se parAsta nahIM hue| ajeya yoddhA kI taraha sAhasapUrvaka pUrvakarmoM kA kaTuphala unhoMne samabhAvapUrvaka bhogA, ghora yAtanAe~ sahIM, aura anta meM, una kaThora AtmaguNaghAtI karmoM ko dhvasta karake parAjita kiyaa| sAtha hI, sAdhanAkAla meM bhI tIvra sAvadhAnI rakhI, tAki koI nayA kaThora karma Akara unake jIvana ke sAtha na baMdha jaae| isa prakAra unhoMne apane jIvana se 1. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekhiye-AvazyakacUrNi, kalpasUtra Adi tathA bha. mahAvIra : eka anuzIlana (le. upAcArya devendra muni) For Personal & Private Use Only

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262 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) janatA ko karmavAda kA jItA-jAgatA rahasya abhivyakta AvirbhUta kara diyaa| jo loga karmavAda ke siddhAnta ko vismRta ho gae the, unheM bhI karma aura karmaphala ke rahasya kA sAkSAtkAra ho gyaa|' usa yuga meM karmakANDI mImAMsakoM kA jora thaa| yajJa-yAgoM kA bolabAlA thaa| jagaha-jagaha yajJoM meM nirdayatApUrvaka pazuoM kA vadha karake unakI bali dI jAtI thii| Ama janatA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke dvArA upadiSTa evaM abhivyakta karmavAda ke rahasyoM aura tattvoM ko lagabhaga bhUla-sI gaI thii| usa samaya ke brAhmaNa paNDitoM ko bhI isa karmatattva kA rahasya jJAta nahIM thaa| phalataH jAti-mada, pANDitya-mada, evaM pazuvadhamUlaka yajJa-yAgAdi ke anuSThAna meM rata, brAhmaNavarga hI nahIM, unake sAtha-sAtha kSatriya varga evaM Ama janasamUha bhI karmavAda ke rahasya se anabhijJa ho gayA thaa| devavAda, yajJavAda evaM purohitavAda kA bolabAlA thaa| sRSTi ke mUla kAraNa tathA saMsAra meM itanI vividhatA, vicitratA evaM bhinnatA kA vAstavika kAraNa ve vividha devoM ko hI samajhate the| bAda meM prajApati-brahmA ko hI isa vicitra sRSTi ke sRjana-saMhAra kA kAraNa mAnane lage, aura vividha duHkhoM kA kAraNa apane karmoM ko na samajhakara devoM yA prajApati ke dvArA diye hue samajha kara unake nivAraNa ke lie svayaM tapa, tyAga, saMyama, niyama ke AcaraNa meM puruSArtha karake karmakSaya karane ke badale, ve una devoM yA prajApati kI stuti, manautI, yajJAdi ke rUpa meM karake sukha-suvidhA pAnA cAhate the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne uttarAdhyayana, bhagavatI (vyAkhyAprajJapti) Adi AgamoM meM vividha prakAra se karmavAda kA rahasya kholA hai| . gaNadharoM kI karmavAdasambandhita zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tIrthakara banane ke pazcAt jo gyAraha dhurandhara vidvAn paNDita unake samparka meM Ae, ve vedapAThI brAhmaNa the, parantu AtmAparamAtmA, svarga-naraka, mokSa, karma evaM karmaphala ke viSaya meM unake mana meM saMzaya thaa| una gyAraha bhAvI gaNadharoM kI kyA-kyA zaMkAe~ thIM, aura unakA samAdhAna karmavAda ke pariprekSya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kisa prakAra kiyA? isakA samasta vivaraNa 'gaNadharavAda' meM vizadarUpa meM milatA hai| gyAraha gaNadharoM kI saMkSepa meM kramazaH ye zaMkAe~ thIM 1. indrabhUti gautama-jIva (AtmA) kA astitva hai yA nahIM? 2. agnibhUti gautama-karma hai yA nahIM? 3. vAyubhUti gautama-jIva (AtmA) aura zarIra eka hI haiM, yA bhinna bhinna? 1. dekhiye, vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie- bhagavAn mahAvIra : eka anuzIlana le. upAcArya devendra muni For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda kA tirobhAva-AvirbhAva : kyoM aura kaba 263 4. vyakta bhAradvAja-pRthvI Adi paMcabhUtoM ke viSaya meM zaMkA; (zUnyavAda) 5. sudharmA agnivezyAyana-ihaloka-paraloka, sAdRzya-vaisAdRzya kA sNshy| 6. maNDika vaziSTha-bandha aura mokSa ke viSaya meM sNshy| 7. mauryaputra kAzyapa-svargalokavAsI deva haiM yA nahIM? 8. akampita gautama-nAraka haiM yA nahIM? isa viSaya meM sndeh| 9. acalabhrAtA hArita-puNya aura pApa haiM yA nahIM? 10. maitArya kauNDinya-paraloka hai yA nahIM? 11. prabhAsa kauNDinya-nirvANa (mokSa) hai yA nahIM ? gyAraha bhAvI gaNadharoM kI zaMkAe~ aura unakA samAdhAna par3hane se yaha spaSTa pratIta ho jAtA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne unakI zaMkAoM ke samAdhAna meM karmavAda ke astitva ko vividha pahaluoM se abhivyaktaAvirbhUta kiyA hai| .. prathama bhAvI gaNadhara indrabhUti ne jIva (AtmA) ke astitva ke viSaya meM zaMkA kI hai| usakA samAdhAna bhI vibhinna yuktiyoM aura pramANoM se siddha kiyA hai| saMsArI jIvoM (AtmAoM) ke sAtha karma kA pravAharUpa se anAdikAla se sambandha hai| isalie AtmA kA astitva mAnane para karmavAda kA astitva mAnanA hI par3atA hai| . dUsare bhAvI gaNadhara agnibhUti ne to karma ke astitva ke viSaya meM hI zaMkA uThAI hai| usake samAdhAna ke prasaMga meM bha. mahAvIra ne karma kA astitva siddha kiyA hai| sAtha hI karma mUrta, pariNAmI, vicitra, anAdikAlasambaddha aura adRSTa hai, ityAdi karmavAda sambandhI rahasyoM kA bhI udghATana kiyA hai| . ... tIsare bhAvI gaNadhara kA AtmA (jIva) aura zarIra kI bhinnatAabhinnatA kA prazna bhI AnuSaMgika rUpa se karmavAda se sambaddha hai| karma ke phalasvarUpa jIva ko vibhinna gatiyoM yoniyoM meM vibhinna zarIra prApta hote haiM, jabaki AtmA (jIva) to vahI rahatA hai| cauthe bhAvI gaNadhara ke sAtha paMcabhUtoM ke viSaya meM carcA huI hai| bahudhA : zUnyavAdI hI paMcabhUtoM ke astitva se inkAra karate haiN| jaina dRSTi se karma bhautika (paudgalika) haiN| ataH paMcabhUtoM kI carcA ke sAtha AnuSaMgikarUpa se karmavAda kI carcA bhI A jAtI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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264 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) paMcama bhAvI gaNadhara sudharmA ke sAtha loka-paraloka ke sAdRzyavaisAdRzya se sambandhita zaMkA-samAdhAna hue haiM, usa sandarbha meM bhagavAn ne batAyA hai ki yaha loka ho athavA paraloka Adi ke mUla meM karma kI sattA hai| sAre janma-maraNarUpa saMsAra kA mUla karma hai / " chaThe bhAvI gaNadhara ke sAtha carcA huI hai-bandha aura mokSa ke sambandha meN| donoM ke sAtha karmoM ke lagane aura chUTane kA sambandha hai| isalie karmavAda kA spaSTa digdarzana bhagavAn ne use karAyA hI hai| sAtaveM aura AThaveM bhAvI gaNadharoM ke sAtha deva aura nArakoM ke astitva ke sambandha meM carcA hai| usakA samAdhAna bhI karmavAda se sambandhita hai| kyoMki zubhakarmoM ke phalasvarUpa devatva aura azubha karmoM ke phalasvarUpa nArakatva kI prApti hotI hai| nauveM bhAvI gaNadhara kI carcA kA pramukha viSaya hai - puNya pApa / usameM bhI zubha - azubha karma ke astitva kI carcA pradhAna hai| isI sandarbha meM karma - grahaNa kI prakriyA, karmasaMkramaNa, karmoM kA zubhAzubha rUpa meM pariNamana ityAdi. karmavAda viSayaka carcA bhI huI hai| dasaveM bhAvI gaNadhara ne paraloka ke sambandha meM zaMkA uThAI hai, usakA samAdhAna bhI isa tathya ke sAtha huA hai ki paraloka karmAdhIna hai| karma hai to paraloka avazya hai| gyArahaveM gaNadhara ke sAtha nirvANa viSayaka carcA huI hai, usameM bhI bhagavAn ne abhivyakta kiyA hai ki anAdi karma- saMyoga kA sarvathA kSaya hI nirvANa hai - mokSa hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ina gyAraha vidvAna brAhmaNoM kI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna karmavAda kI dRSTi se kiyA hai| apanI-apanI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna hone para sabane satya ko aMgIkAra kiyA aura karmakSaya kI sAdhanA karake siddha-buddha mukta banane hetu unhoMne svecchA se apane-apane ziSya- samudAya sahita munidharma aMgIkAra kiyaa| kisI bhI zakti, devI- deva yA prajApati, Izvara Adi kA sahArA, Azraya na lekara tathA kisI kI manautI evaM yajJAdi se kisI deva Adi ko prasanna na karake unhoMne svayameva mokSasAdhaka jJAnAdi kI sAdhanA se sarvathA karmakSaya kiyA / AtmA ko svapuruSArtha se parama zuddha banA karake siddha-buddhamukta hue| 1. 'kammaM ca jAI - maraNassa mUla' - uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 32, gA. 7 2. dekhiye - gaNadharavAda aura usakI prastAvanA (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ) For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda kA tirobhAva-AvirbhAva : kyoM aura kaba 265 ye gyAraha hI diggaja vidvAn bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma-saMgha (gaNa) meM samyagjJAna-darzana-cAritra evaM tapa kI supratiSThA evaM caturvidha saMgha kI suvyavasthA karane hetu 'gaNadhara' pada se alaMkRta hue| kevalajJAna hote hI caturvidha saMgha sthApanA ke pazcAt bhagavAn karmavijJAna sambandhI apanI anubhavajJAnanidhi sArvajanikarUpa se vitarita karane lge| unhoMne sAMsArika jIvoM kI vividha Adhi, vyAdhi, upAdhi, vividha avasthAoM kA mUla karma ko btaayaa| kRtakarmoM ko bhoge binA chuTakArA nahIM ho paataa| AtmA se paramAtmA ke pRthakbhAva ko bhI karmajanita btaayaa| jahA~-jahA~ bhI avasara milA, athavA jo-jo jijJAsu unake yA unake saMgha ke sAdhuoM ke samparka meM Aye, vahA~-vahA~ inhoMne yajJavAda, devavAda yA IzvarakartRtvavAda ke sambandha meM yuktisaMgata carcA kI aura 'karmavAda kI hI pratiSThA kii| brAhmaNa, kSatriya, zUdra aura vaizya vargoM ko janma se na mAna kara karma se mAnane ke siddhAnta kA nirUpaNa kiyaa| uttarAdhyayana aura bhagavatIsUtra meM yatra-tatra kamavAda ke AviSkaraNa kI carcA milatI hai| karmavAda ke tirobhAva hone meM tIna prabala kAraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dekhA ki bhArata meM karmavAda ke tirobhAva hone meM tIna prabala bhrAnta mAnyatAe~ pracalita haiM jinako lekara sAmAnya janasamUha hI nahIM, vidvAna paNDita varga bhI bhrAnta hai| una tIna mAnyatAoM ko yukti, anubhUti aura pramANoM se nirAkaraNa karake aura janatA ko anekAnta (sApekSa) dRSTi se satya samajhAne ke lie ve kaTibaddha hue| karmavAda ke AvirbhAva meM ye tIna mAnyatAe~ prabala bAdhaka thIM-(1) vaidika paramparAM kI Izvara-sambandhI bhrAnta mAnyatA, (2) bauddha dharma ke ekAnta kSaNikavAda kI ayukta mAnyatA aura (3) AtmA kA jar3atattvoM ke antargata sviikaar|' Izvara kartRtvavAda kI mAnyatA meM tIna mukhya bhUle ___bhag2avAn mahAvIra ke yuga meM jaina ke atirikta vaidika aura bauddha ye do dharma bhI bhAratavarSa meM mukhya the| parantu donoM ke siddhAnta mukhya-mukhya viSayoM meM nitAnta pRthak the| vedoM, brAhmaNagranthoM, upaniSadoM, smRtiyoM meM tathA vedAnugAmI katipaya anya darzanoM meM Izvara sambandhI aisI kalpanAe~ thIM, jo yukti, sUkti, anubhUti aura prAmANikatA kI kasauTI para kharI nahIM utara rahI thiiN| jaisA ki Rgveda meM kahA gayA hai-"usa vidhAtA (brahmA ..1.. karmagrantha prathama bhAga (paM. sukhalAla jI) kI prastAvanA pR. 9 For Personal & Private Use Only

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266 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) prajApati) ne sUrya, candra, dyau, pRthvI, antarikSa tathA svarga Adi sabakI racanA yathApUrva kI / ' taittirIya upaniSad meM bhI kahA hai- "jisase ye saba bhUta (prANI) janma lete haiM, jisase jAtaka (jIva) jIte haiM, vahI pAlana-poSaNa karatA hai, jisame sabhI samAviSTa (vilIna) ho jAte haiM, use vizeSarUpa se jaano| vaha brahma hai / " isI prakAra manusmRti meM kahA gayA hai - "yaha sRSTi AdikAla meM tamomaya thI; ajJAta, alakSita, apratarksa, avijJeya, cAroM ora se prasupta (vyApta) thI, usa avyakta bhagavAn svayambhU ne ise vyakta kiyaa| mahAbhUta Adi meM andhakAra nivAraka oja dhAraNa karake vaha svayaM prAdurbhUta huA / usane yaha kahakara apane zarIra se vividha prajA (prANiyoM) kA sRjana kiyaa| usane sarvaprathama jala kA sRjana kiyaa| usameM bIja kA sRjana kiyaa| phira vaha sahasrAMzu (sUrya) ke samAna prabhA vAlA svarNamaya aNDA ho gyaa| usameM svayaM sarvaloka-pitAmaha brahmA ne janma liyA / "" ina uddharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki vidhAtA, brahma, brahmA tathA Izvara Adi ke viSaya meM Ama dhAraNA yaha bana gaI thI ki jagat (sRSTi) kA karttA, dhartA aura saMharttA Izvara brahmA hI hai| vahI samasta jar3a-cetana sRSTi kA utpAdaka hai| sRSTi meM jo kucha acchA-burA hotA hai, vaha saba Izvara kI lIlA hai| Izvara hI acche yA bure karmoM kA phala jIvoM se bhugavAtA hai| karma apane Apa meM jar3a haiN| ve apanA phala svayaM nahIM de skte| isI taraha saMsAra meM sabhI prANI ajJa haiM, ve apane acche yA bure karmoM kA phala svayaM nahIM bhoga skte| ataH karma bhI Izvara kI preraNA se apanA phala dete haiM, aura Izvara ke dvArA hI acche-bure karmoM kA sukha-duHkha rUpa phala kA bhugatAna hotA hai| 1. "sUryAcandramasau dhAtA yathA puurvmklpyt| divaM ca pRthivI, cAntarikSamatho svaH // - Rgveda ma. 10, sU. 19 maM. 3 2. yato vA imAni bhUtAni jAyate / yena jAtAni jIvanti / yatprayantyabhivizanti, - taittirIyopaniSad 3-1 tadvijijJAsasya tadbrahmeti / 3. AsIdidaM tamobhUtamaprajJAtamalakSaNam / apratarkyamavijJeyaM prasuptamiva sarvataH // 5 // tatsvayambhUrbhagavAnavyakto vyaJjayannidam / mahAbhUtAdiSu sutejaH prAdurAsIttamonudaH // 6 // so'pi vidhAya zarIrAt svAt sisRkSurvividhAH prajAH / apa eva sa sarjAdau, tAsu bIjamivAsRjat // 8 // tadaNDamabhavaddhaimaM sahasrAMzu samaprabham / tasmiJjajJe svayaM brahmA sarvaloka-pitAmahaH // 9 // - manusmRti a. 1. zloka 5 se 9 taka For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda kA tirobhAva- AvirbhAva : kyoM aura kaba 267 dUsarI bAta yaha hai, jIvoM meM utkRSTa mAnava hai, parantu vaha bhI jIva hI rahatA hai, cAhe vaha ucca koTi kI sAdhanA karale, cAhe kitane hI tapa, saMyama kA AcaraNa karale, vaha paramAtmA nahIM bana sakatA hai| naukara cAhe jitanA U~cA vetana pA le, cAhe jitanA uccakoTi kA kArya karale, vaha naukara hI rahatA hai, mAlika nahIM bana sktaa| isI prakAra jIva cAhe jitanI kriyAe~, tapasyAe~ evaM arcanA- prArthanA karale, apanA sarvocca vikAsa karake Izvara nahIM ho sktaa| 'Izvara kI kRpA ke binA saMsAra sAgara se koI bhI jIva pAra nahIM ho sktaa| isI prakAra vaidika paramparA kI Izvara - sambandhI mAnyatAe~ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke karma-siddhAnta ke bilkula viparIta evaM yuktiviruddha pratIta huiiN| ina mAnyatAoM meM unheM mukhyataH tIna bhUleM dRSTigocara huI - (1) kRtakRtya Izvara kA niSprayojana sRSTi kI racanA Adi kAryoM meM hastakSepa karanA, (2) AtmA kI zakti evaM svataMtratA kA Izvara ke nIce daba jAnA, saba kAryoM meM IzvarAdhInatA svIkAranA aura (3) karma kI pracaNDa zakti ke camatkAra kA abodha / inhIM tIna bhUloM kA parimArjana karane aura saMsAra ke samakSa vastusthiti kA yathArtha pratipAdana karane ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne karmavAda kA rahasya prakaTa kiyaa| Izvara dvArA sRSTi kA sRjana mAnanA, kRtakRtya aura siddha-buddha sarvakarmamukta, niraMjana - nirAkAra Izvara ko vyartha hI saMsAra ke prapaMca meM aura janma-maraNarUpa saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta karmoM ke pacar3e meM DAlanA hai| Izvara jaba kRtakRtya aura karmoM se sarvathA mukta ho gayA, taba use sRSTi kI racanA karane kI kyoM AvazyakatA par3I? sRSTi kI racanA kiye binA Izvara ko kyA takalIpha thI ? phira racanA bhI kI to, aisI sRSTi kyoM banAI, jisameM Adhi, vyAdhi aura upAdhi se prANI pIr3ita hote raheM? jisameM kAmanAoM aura vAsanAoM kI jvAlAe~ dhadhaka rahI ho, jahA~ zAnti kI suvyavasthA kA nAmonizAna na ho, jahA~ duHkha hI duHkha vyApta ho ? yadi Izvara hI sarvesarvA hai, usI kI preraNA se saMsAra meM saba kucha hotA hai, vaha sarvazaktimAna hai, to * janajIvana ke duHkhoM kI bhaTTI jalAne kA kAma kyA usI kI preraNA se huA hai? cora aura DAkU bhI kyA usI kI preraNA se corI aura DakaitI karate haiM ? AtatAyI, guMDe aura vyabhicArI loga kyA usI kI preraNA se nirdoSa abalAoM kA zIlabhaMga evaM unake sAtha balAtkAra karate haiM ? kasAI kyA .. usI kI preraNA se pazuoM kI gardanoM para churiyA~ calAtA hai ? ataH na to aise kisI krUra vyakti ko Izvara kahA jA sakatA hai aura na hI sarvazaktimAna hokara tathAkathita Izvara aisA kara sakatA hai| ataH yahI For Personal & Private Use Only

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268 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) mAnyatA ucita hai ki saMsAra kI racanA tathA sAMsArika prANiyoM ko karmaphala bhugavAne tathA sukha-duHkha dene meM Izvara kA koI hAtha nahIM hai| saMsArI jIva jo kucha karatA hai usakA dAyitva usI para rahatA hai| karmaphala bhugavAne ke lie use kisI Izvara yA vidhAtA kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI, koI cAhe yA na cAhe, karma apanA phala svayaM dete haiN| koI prANI cAhe yA na cAhe, karmoM meM svataH aisI zakti hai ki ve svayaM karttA ko apanA phala de dete haiN| jaise - bhAMga yA zarAba kA cetana ke sAtha saMyoga hote hI ve donoM nazA car3hA detI haiM vaise karma bhI vividha rUpa meM cetanA para AvaraNa DAla kara use sukha-duHkha rUpa phala pradAna karate haiN| jIva sadA-sadA ke lie jIva hI rahatA hai, vaha AtmA se paramAtmA nahIM bana sakatA, yaha mAnyatA bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki pUrvabaddha karmoM ke Atyantika kSaya aura naye Ate hue karmoM kA virodha karane se vaha jIva (AtmA) bhI sarvakarma rahita hokara siddha-buddha mukta paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| koI bhI yukti, tarka yA anubhUti isakA khaNDana nahIM kara sktii| pratyeka AtmA paramAtmA bana sakatI hai, bazarte ki vaha karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya kara DAle / isake atirikta karma jar3a (pudgala ) avazya haiM, kintu yaha apanI vilakSaNa zakti kA cetana para avazya prabhAva dikhAtA hai| jaise rasAyana Adi auSadhiyA~ jar3a hotI huIM bhI apanA prabhAva cetana para dikhAtI haiN| vaise hI karma jar3a hote hue bhI apanA prabhAva cetana para dikhalAte haiM, taba Azcaryacakita kara dete haiN| bauddha darzana karmavAda ko mAnane para bhI kSaNikavAdI thA bhagavAn mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha donoM samakAlIna mahApuruSa the| jainadharma kI taraha bauddha dharma bhI usa samaya pracalita thaa| usameM IzvarakartRtva kA niSedha nahIM thA, to usakA svIkAra bhI nahIM thA / isa tathya ke sambandha meM tathAgata buddha udAsIna the| unakA uddezya usa yuga meM pracalita vividha yajJAdi anuSThAnoM meM hiMsA ko rokanA aura nirvairabhAva ko phailAnA thA / unakI tatvanirUpaNa paddhati bhI usa tAtkAlika uddezya kI pUrti ke anurUpa thii| ve karmavAda ke sandarbha meM karma aura usake vipAka ko mAnate the| suttanipAta meM isakA spaSTa rUpa se nirUpaNa bhI hai ki yaha samagra loka karma 1. (ka) appA vi ya paramappo, kamma vimukto ya hoi phuDaM / (kha) tavasA dhuyakammaMse, siddhe havai sAsae / (ga) "khavittu kammaM gaimuttamaM gayA / " - bhAvapAhuDa 151 - uttarAdhyayana 3/20 - dazavaikAlika a. 9 u. 2 gA. 24 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda kA tirobhAva-AvirbhAva : kyoM aura kaba 269 se pravartita hai aura sArI prajA (prANigaNa) bhI karma se pravartita hai| jaise dhurI ke AdhAra para ratha kA saMcAlana hotA hai, vaise hI karma ke kAraNa sabhI prANiyoM kA bhavabhramaNa hotA hai| isI prakAra aMguttaranikAya meM bhI spaSTa pratipAdana hai ki "maiM jo kucha bhI kalyANakArI aura pApakArI karma karU~gA, usakA uttaradAyI (dAyAda= bhAgI) maiM hI houuNgaa|"2 karmavAda ko isa rUpa meM mAnane para bhI bauddhadarzana meM kSaNikavAda kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna thaa| kSaNikavAda ke anusAra pratyeka vastu utpanna hokara dUsare hI kSaNa naSTa ho jAtI hai| arthAt pratyeka padArtha pratikSaNa badalatA rahatA hai| koI bhI sajIva-nirjIva padArtha sthAyI nahIM hai| bauddha darzana ke anusAra AtmA ko yadi kSaNika mAna liyA jAe to karmaphala kI upapatti kathamapi nahIM ho sktii| kyoMki karma kA jo karane vAlA thA, vaha dUsare hI kSaNa samApta ho gayA, taba usa kRtakarma kA phala kauna bhogegA? phalataH svakRta-karmaphalabhoga kI samasyA AtmA ko kSaNika mAna lene se kisI bhI prakAra hala nahIM ho sktii| ataH svakRta karma kA svayaM phalabhoga aura parakRta karma ke phalabhoga kA abhAva tabhI ghaTita ho sakatA hai, jaba AtmA ko ekAnta kSaNavidhvaMsI na mAnakara pariNAmI-nitya mAnA jAe, arthAtAtmA ko na to ekAnta kSaNika mAnA jAe aura na hI ekAnta nity| yaha mAnyatA karmavAda ke siddhAnta ke viruddha hone se bhagavAn mahAvIra ne karmavAda kA upadeza diyaa| bhUtacaitanyavAdiyoM kA mata karmavAda virodhI thA AtmA ko svataMtra tattva na mAnakara cArvAka Adi darzana, vartamAna bhautikavAdI nAstikoM kI taraha pRthvI Adi paMcabhUtoM se niSpanna mAnate the| unakA kahanA thA ki paMcabhUtoM ke saMyoga se isa zarIra meM cetanA A jAtI hai, aura pA~ca bhUtoM ke naSTa hote hI vaha cetanA bhI naSTa ho jAtI hai| saMyoga z2aba viyoga kA rUpa le letA hai to vaha zarIragata caitanya (jise cAhe AtmA mAna lo) vahIM samApta ho jAtA hai| usake bAda vaha na kahIM jAtA hai, na AtA hai| 1. kammanA vattatI loko, kammanA vattatI pjaa| . kammanibaMdhanA sattA rathassANIva yaayto|| -suttanipAta-vAsiTThasutta 61 . 2. yaM kamma karissAmi kallANaM vA pAvakaM vA tassa dAyAdo bhvissaami| - aMguttaranikAya For Personal & Private Use Only

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270 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) niSkarSa yaha hai ki ye bhautikavAdI nAstika zarIra ke nAza hone ke bAda kRtakarmoM kA phala-bhoga karane vAle tathA punarjanma grahaNa karane vAle kisI sthAyI tattva ko nahIM mAnate / bhagavAn mahAvIra ko yaha mAnyatA bhrAntijanaka, yuktiviruddha aura aniSTakArakaM pratIta huii| unhoMne sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM IzvarakartRtvavAda, tathA tajjIva- taccharIravAda - sambandhI bhrAnta mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai| ve AtmA ko eka svataMtra, zAzvata, anAdi - ananta evaM pariNAmI nitya dravya mAnate haiN| paMca mahAbhUtoM ke samudAya se AtmA kI utpatti unheM kathamapi abhISTa nahIM hai| isI bhrAnta mAnyatA kA nirAkaraNa karane hetu bhagavAn mahAvIra ne karmavAda siddhAnta ko jagat ke samakSa udghoSita kiyaa| karmavAda kI dRSTi se AtmA mUlarUpa meM kabhI naSTa nahIM hotI / karma ke kAraNa vibhinna yoniyoM aura gatiyoM meM bhramaNa karatI hai| ina aura aise hI vibhinna kAraNoM se tirohita hue karmavAda siddhAnta kA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne AvirbhAva kiyaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke samutthAna kI aitihAsika samIkSA 271 karmavAda ke samutthAna kI aitihAsika samIkSA) karmavAda kA mUla srota ___karmavAda ke AvirbhAva ke viSaya meM jainaparamparA aura vaidika paramparA . donoM dRSTiyoM se vizleSaNa kara cuke haiN| usase yaha to spaSTataH pratIta ho jAtA hai ki karmavAda yoM to pravAharUpa se anAdi hai, nayA nhiiN| phira bhI isa kAlacakra ke avasarpiNIkAla ke prArambha se-AditIrthakara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke yuga se prAgaitihAsika kAla prArambha hotA hai| isalie prAgaitihAsika kAla se karmavAda kA AvirbhAva AditIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva (jinakI jIvanI bhAgavata purANa meM bhI ullikhita hai) se mAnA jAnA caahie| usI karmavAda kA praveza sarvaprathama mImAMsAdarzanakAla meM, aura tatpazcAt upaniSadkAla meM apane-apane DhaMga se huA hai| parantu karmavAda kA mUlasrota aura usase sambandhita pratyeka pahaluoM kA vaijJAnika paddhati se sayuktika vizada pratipAdana jitanA jainaparamparA meM milatA hai, utanA anya . paramparAoM meM nhiiN|' jainadRSTi se karmavAda kA samutthAnakAla yaha to huA karmavAda ke udbhava aura tatpazcAt usake AvirbhAva (AviSkaraNa) kA kAla sambandhI nirNaya, kintu itane para se vartamAna tarkapradhAna yuga ke zikSitoM aura adhyAtmapremI jijJAsuoM, itihAsapremI jainoM, tathA jainetara jijJAsu vicArakoM kA manaHsamAdhAna nahIM hotaa| ve paramparAvAda ko yA sudUra atIta kI bAta ko binA nanu-naca kiye mAnane ko 'sahasA taiyAra nahIM hote| hA~, yadi aitihAsika pramANa ke AdhAra para unakA samAdhAna kiyA jAe to ve use svIkAra karane meM jarA bhI nahIM hickicaate| yadyapi karmatattvasambandhI prakriyA itanI prAcIna hai ki usa viSaya meM nizcitarUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki karmavAda kA samutthAna 1. isake viSaya meM vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie 'karmavAda kA AvirbhAva' lekha dekhiye| For Personal & Private Use Only

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272 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) aura vikAsa kaba se prArambha huA-2 itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki pUrvakAla meM bhI karmatattva-cintakoM meM paraspara vicAra-vimarza paryApta mAtrA meM huA karatA thaa| pratyeka nivartaka-dhArA ke cintaka-varga ne apane-apane darzana meM karmavAda kA eka yA dUsare rUpa meM avazya hI vicAra kiyA hai| parantu jaina paramparA meM karmavijJAna para jitanI gaharAI se zrRMkhalAbaddha aura sUkSmAtisUkSma vizleSaNa aura usake pratyeka pahalU para jitanA adhika vivecana huA hai, utanA kisI anya-paramparA meM nahIM huaa| isase eka tathya spaSTatayA abhivyakta hotA hai ki jainaparamparA kI karmavidyA kA viziSTa nirUpaNa pratyeka tIrthakara ne kiyaa| aitihAsika dRSTi se teIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha se pahale vaha avazya sthira ho cukA thaa| isI vidyA ke kAraNa jaina manISI karma-zAstravettA kahalAe aura yahI karmavidyA caturdaza pUrvazAstroM meM se agrAyaNIya pUrva tathA karmapravAdapUrva ke rUpa meM upanibaddha evaM vizruta huii| yadyapi yaha prazna uThAyA jA sakatA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUrva bhI unake samAna hI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha, neminAtha Adi jainadharma ke tIrthakara evaM mukhya-mukhya pravartaka hue haiM, aura unhoMne bhI apane-apane yuga meM jainazAsana (dharmasaMgha) kA pravartana bhI kiyA hai| sabhI itihAsajJa unheM jainadharma ke dhurandhara nAyaka evaM aitihAsika puruSa mAnate haiN| aisI sthiti meM jainadRSTi se karmavAda ke samutthAna evaM vikAsa kA kAla una tIrthakaroM ke samaya se mAnA jAe to kyA Apatti hai ? isa viSaya meM prajJAcakSu paM. sukhalAlajI kA samAdhAna draSTavya hai'"yaha bAta bhUlanI na cAhie ki bhagavAn neminAtha tathA pArzvanAtha Adi jaina dharma ke mukhya pravartaka hue haiM aura unhoMne jainazAsana ko pravartita bhI kiyA hai; parantu vartamAna meM jaina-Agama, jina para isa samaya jainazAsana avalambita hai, ve unake upadeza kI sampatti nhiiN|"........ "yaha bAta nirvivAda siddha hai ki isa samaya jo jainadharma zvetAmbaradigambara zAkhA rUpa se vartamAna hai, isa samaya jitanA jaina tattva jJAna hai, aura jo viziSTa paramparA hai, vaha saba bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vicAra kA citra hai| ataH karmavAda ke samutthAna kA.....yahI samaya.....azaMkanIya samajhanA caahie|" karmavAda ke samutthAna kA mUlasrota zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAe~ samAnarUpa se mAnatI haiM ki bAraha aMga aura caudahapUrva bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vizada upadezoM kA 1. karmagrantha prathama bhAga kI prastAvanA, pR. 9 se uddhRta For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke samutthAna kI aitihAsika samIkSA 273 sAkSAt phala haiN| phalitArtha yaha hai ki vartamAna meM upalabdha samagra karmazAstra zabdarUpa se nahIM to, bhAvarUpa se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dvArA gaNadharadevoM ke samakSa sAkSAt upadiSTa hai| . dUsarA abhimata yaha bhI hai ki samasta aMgazAstra (dvAdazAMgI) bhAvarUpa se bhagavAn mahAvIrakAlika hI nahIM, apitu pUrva-pUrva meM hue anyAnya tIrthakaroM se bhI pUrva-kAla ke haiN| arthAt ve anAdi haiN| kintu pravAharUpa se anAdi hote hue bhI samaya-samaya hone vAle tIrthaMkaroM dvArA ve aMgazAstra (aMgavidyAe) nayA nayA rUpa dhAraNa karatI rhiiN| gaNadharadeva artharUpa (bhAvarUpa) se upadiSTa aMgavidyAoM ko zabdabaddha, sUtrabaddha evaM vyavasthita rUpa se saMkalita-grathita karate haiN| karmavAda sambandhI sAMgopAMga varNana kA mUlasrota yadyapi jaina-AgamoM meM se koI bhI Agama yA dvAdazAMgI ke dRSTivAda ko chor3akara gyAraha aMgoM meM se koI bhI aMgazAstra aisA nahIM hai, jisameM kevala karmavAda sambandhI vistRta vivecana ho| vartamAna meM upalabdha jaina-AgamoM meM jainakarmavAda kA svarUpa evaM vivecana amuka pramANa meM kisI eka do adhyayana, zataka yA uddezaka meM chuTapuTa rUpa se huA hai, vaha bhI bahuta hI saMkSepa meN| ataH itane alpa pramANa meM upalabdha vivecana karmavAda ke mahattva evaM rahasya ko ujAgara karane meM aMgarUpa nahIM bana sktaa| aisI sthiti meM yaha prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai, aura uThanA bhI cAhie ki jainadarzana ke prANarUpa karmavAda kI vistRta vyAkhyA kA mUlasrota kauna-sA hai? jaina karmavAda ke puraskartAoM evaM vyAkhyAtAoM kA kahanA evaM mAnanA hai ki jainakarmavAda ke tattvoM para maulika evaM vistRta samagra vyAkhyA kA, dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai, jainadRSTi se karmavAda ke samutthAna evaM vikAsa kA mUla srota 'karmapravAda-pUrva nAmaka mahAzAstra hai| karmapravAda pUrva gaNadharadeva dvArA saMkalita evaM zAstrarUpa meM grathita (nibaddha) caudaha pUrva zAstroM meM se AThavauM pUrvazAstra hai| 'karmapravAda' nAma se hI spaSTa bodha hotA hai ki . isameM karmavAda' athavA karmatattva se sambandhita sAMgopAMga evaM vistRta varNana ____ isake atirikta 'agrAyaNIya' nAmaka dvitIya pUrva ke eka vibhAga kA nAma thA-karmaprAbhRta (kamma-pAhuDa), tathA paMcama pUrva ke eka vibhAga kA nAma 1. atyaM bhAsaI arahA, sutta gathaMti gnnhraa| 2. pramANamImAMsA pR. 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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274 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) thA - kaSAya prAbhRta (kasAya - pAhuDa) / ina donoM prAbhRtoM (pAhuDoM) meM bhI karma se sambandhita vibhinna pahaluoM para sAMgopAMga vizada vivecana thA / caturdaza vibhAgoM meM vibhakta pUrvavidyA kA yaha (karmavAda - sambandhI) vibhAga sabase bar3A, atIva mahattvapUrNa evaM sabase pahalA thA / karmavAdasambandhI ina pUrvazAstroM kA astitva taba taka mAnA jAtA hai, jaba taka pUrvavidyA kA viccheda nahIM huA / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke nau sau athavA eka hajAra varSa taka pUrvavidyA sarvathA vicchinna nahIM huI thI / ataH yahIM se hI karmavAda ke samutthAna evaM vikAsa kA prArambha samajhanA caahie|' yadyapi kAla ke prabhAva se pUrvavidyAgata ye mUla mahAzAstra vismRti aura vilupti ke garbha meM cale gae haiN| kAlakrama se ukta pUrvavidyA kA hrAsa ho jAne para bhI Aja hamAre samakSa upalabdha karmavAda sambandhI sAhitya pUrvagata karma mahAzAstra ke AdhAra para racita sAhitya hai| isa samaya zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI jainadharma - zAkhAoM ke sAhitya meM pUrvAtmaka karmazAstra kA mUla aMza upalabdha nahIM hai| phalataH karmazAstra sambandhI sAhitya ke paravartI racayitAoM ko karmavAda - viSayaka kitane hI tathyoM kI vyAkhyA prasaMga-prasaMga para chor3a denI par3I hai| sAtha hI, kaI sthaloM para visaMvAdI pratIta hone vAle karmatattva sambandhI varNana zrutadharoM, zrutakevaliyoM athavA kevalajJAniyoM para chor3a diye gae haiN| mUla ke AdhAra para racita karma - sAhitya vastutaH mUla mUla hI hai| usake AdhAra para racita sAhitya mUla kI samAnatA nahIM kara sktaa| samaya ke prabhAva se mUla vastu meM kucha na kucha parivartana honA svAbhAvika hai| samaya ke prabhAva se jainakarmasiddhAnta viSayaka sAhitya ke puraskarttA AcArya zvetAmbara aura digambara ina do sampradAyoM meM vibhakta ho gae the| bha. mahAvIra ke bAda aisA saMkaTApanna madhyavartI kAla AyA--bAraha-bAraha varSa ke do duSkAloM ne jainakarmavidyA ke marmajJoM kI smRti, mati evaM dhAraNAzakti tathA pallavitazakti chinna-bhinna kara dI thI / isake atirikta AgamoM evaM pUrvo kA jo kucha bhI jJAna thA, vaha zruta-paramparA se calA A rahA thaa| abhI taka vaha lipibaddha nahIM kiyA gayA thaa| isalie bahuta sambhava hai, isa vikaTa paristhiti ke kAraNa pUrvagata karmazAstrIya vidyA ke mUla pravartaka kI bhASA aura zailI se bAda ke donoM jaina sampradAyoM ke karmazAstrajJa AcAryoM kI zAstrIya bhASA aura pratipAdana zailI meM kucha antara A gayA ho| parantu itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki pUrvagata karmavidyA ke AdhAra para racita karmavAda - sambandhI sAhitya meM varNita For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke samutthAna kI aitihAsika samIkSA 275 tattvajJAna aura tAttvika vyAkhyAna meM donoM paramparAoM kA pratipAdana samAna rhaa| mUla tattvoM aura tattva - prarUpaNA meM koI antara nahIM par3A / hA~, granthakAroM ke kSayopazama ke anusAra vastuvarNana evaM tattvoM ke vivecana meM vizadatA-avizadatA, sugamatA durgamatA yA nyUnAdhikatA avazya huI hai aura honI sambhava hai| kintu donoM sampradAyoM ke mahAn manISiyoM dvArA racita vipula karmasAhitya ko dekhate hue yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki unhoMne karmasiddhAnta kA gaurava kama kiyA hai| isa para sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki karmavAda kA uttarottara samutthAna aura vikAsa jaina manISiyoM ne kisa prakAra kiyA hai| yahI karmaviSayaka vipula - sAhitya jainadarzana kI bahumUlya nidhi hai / nayavAda Adi ke samAna karmavAda kA samutthAna bhI bha. mahAvIra se vartamAna zvetAmbarIya z2ainAgama bhagavatI ( vyAkhyA - prajJapti) sUtra evaM uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI karmavidyA ke sambandha meM vividha pahaluoM se varNana kiyA gayA hai| vartamAna jaina AgamoM kI racanA kisa samaya aura kisake dvArA huI ? yaha prazna itihAsajJoM kI dRSTi se bhale hI vivAdAspada ho, kintu itanA to sabhI vicArakoM ko mAnya hai ki vartamAna AgamoM meM varNita nayavAda, nikSepavAda, pramANavAda, syAdvAda evaM karmavAda Adi sabhI viziSTa evaM pramukha vAMda zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke hI mUla vicAroM ke aMkura haiN| karmavAda jainadarzana kA asAdhAraNa evaM pramukha vAda hai| ataH nayavAda, pramANavAda Adi vAdoM kI taraha karmavAda kA samutthAna bhI bha. mahAvIra se hI samajhanA caahie| jainadarzana kA gaharAI se adhyayana karane vAle jAnate haiM ki karmavAda kA bha. mahAvIra ke zAsana (dharmasaMgha) ke sAtha itanA ghaniSTha sambandha hai ki karmavAda ko usase pRthak kara diyA jAya to aisA pratIta hogA, mAno jIva se prANa ko alaga kara diyA ho / vastutaH karmavAda jaina siddhAnta kI carcAoM kA mUlasrota hai| bhAratIya tattva cintana meM usakA viziSTa sthAna hai| aneka praznoM kA samAdhAna bhI karmavAda para AdhArita hai| karmavAda kA sAMgopAMga adhyayana evaM use hRdayaMgama kiye binA koI bhI vyakti jaina siddhAnta kA samyak marmajJa nahIM ho sakatA, na hI usakI aneka aTapaTI gutthiyoM ko AsAnI se sulajhA sakatA hai| vaidika dRSTi se karmavAda kA samutthAna katipaya vidvAnoM kA yaha bhI abhimata hai ki vedoM ke racayitA katipaya RSigaNa karmavAda ke jJAtA the|' unakA mantavya hai ki vedoM 1. dekhiye - 'karmavAda : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana' se (jinavANI karmasiddhAnta vizeSAMka) pR. 20 For Personal & Private Use Only

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276 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) saMhitAgranthoM meM bhale hI 'karmavAda' yA 'karmagati' Adi zabdoM kA prayoga na ho, kintu unameM karma se sambandhita kucha tathyoM kA pratipAdana avazya huA hai| 'Rgveda' meM yaha varNana hai ki pUrvajanma ke nikRSTa karmoM ke bhoga ke lie jIva kisa prakAra vRkSa, latA Adi sthAvara-zarIroM meM praviSTa hotA hai| vaidika maMtroM meM yaha bhI varNana hai ki pUrvajanma ke duSkarmoM ke kAraNa hI loga pApakarma meM pravRtta hote haiN| 'vAmadeva' ne apane aneka pUrvajanmoM kA varNana bhI kiyA hai| katipaya vedamaMtroM meM saMcita aura prArabdha karmoM kA bhI saMketa hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki zreSThakarma karane vAle loga devayAna se brahmaloka meM jAte haiM, aura sAdhAraNa karma karane vAle pitRyAna se candraloka meM jAte haiN| kitane hI maMtroM meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha nirUpaNa hai ki karmoM ke anusAra hI jIva aneka bAra saMsAra meM janma letA hai aura maratA hai| zubha karma karane se amaratva kI prApti hotI hai| kaI vedamaMtroM meM pUrva-janmakRta pApakRtyoM se tathA parakRta pApoM se mukta hone ke lie athavA bacane ke lie mAnavoM dvArA devoM se prArthanA kI gaI hai| nimnokta maMtra isI tathya ko pramANita karate haiM 'mA vo bhujemaanyjaatmeno|" "mA vA eno anyakRtaM bhujema // " 'hama anya janma ke pApa ko na bhogeM, aura na hI anya-kRta pApa ko bhogeN|' ina maMtroM se yaha bhI parilakSita hotA hai ki vaidikakAla mAnya devoM se prArthanA karane se jIva apane pUrvajanmakRta pApa ke phala- bhoga se tathA anyajIvakRta pApoM ke phala-bhoga se baca sakatA thaa| yadyapi mukhyarUpa se karmasiddhAnta kA niyama yaha hai ki jo jIva karma karatA hai, vahI usakA phala bhogatA hai, cAhe ve karma pUrvajanmakRta hoM, cAhe isa janmakRta hoN| parantu yahA~ devavAda kI mAnyatA se prabhAvita vaidika loga mAnate the ki viziSTa zakti ke nimitta se eka jIva ke karmaphala ko dUsarA bhI bhoga sakatA hai| isake atirikta devoM ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM RgvedasaMhitA meM katipaya maMtroM kA ullekha milatA hai, jo karma se sambandhita haiN| jaise- zubhaspatiH' (zubhakarmoM ke rakSaka) "dhiyaspatiH' (bauddhika sat kAryoM ke rakSaka), vicarSaNiH' 'vizvacarSaNiH' (zubha aura azubha kAryoM ke draSTA) tathA vizvasya karmaNo dhartA (samasta karmoM ke AdhAra) ityAdi pada karmavAda ke bIjarUpa meM vyavahata hue haiN| ina aura aise hI anya pramANoM ke AdhAra para isa niSkarSa para pahu~cA jA sakatA hai ki vedoM meM karma-sambandhI mantavyoM kA pUrNarUpa se abhAva to nahIM hai, parantu devavAda, yajJavAda evaM purohitavAda ke prAbalya se karmavAda kA For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke samutthAna kI aitihAsika samIkSA 277 yukti - tarka saMgata spaSTa aura vyavasthita vizleSaNa nahIM kiyA gyaa| isa tathya se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki karma kyA hai ? vaha kitane prakAra kA hai ? karma kisa prakAra se baMdhate haiM aura kauna - sA karma kisa prakAra kA phala detA hai ? karmoM kA phala jIva kaise aura kaba bhogatA hai ? kyA zubhakarma ko azubha meM aura azubha karma ko zubha meM badalA jA sakatA hai ? yA phala dene kI avadhi se pahale hI phala bhogA jA sakatA hai ? karmoM kA bandha kisa prakAra, kitane aura kitanI mAtrA meM, kisa anupAta meM hotA hai ? karmoM se prANI aMzataH aura sarvAMzataH kaise mukta ho sakatA hai ? kisa karma kA kSaya karane kA kyA upAya hai ? ina aura inase sambandhita jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna vaidika saMhitAoM meM nahIM hai| vahA~ mukhyarUpa se yajJa yA vedavihita anuSThAna yA karmakANDa ko hI karma mAnA gayA hai aura pada-pada para una kAmanAmUlaka karmoM kI saphalatA ke lie vividha devoM se yAcanA kI gaI hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki vahA~ vividha karmoM meM race-pace rahane kA hI ullekha hai| adhika se adhika huA to yajJoM aura devoM kI pUjA - prArthanA se una karmoM para zubha kI muharachApa lagavAkara svarga prApta karane kA avazya vidhAna hai, kintu karmoM kA kSaya karane kI, tathA kurmoM se AMzikarUpa se yA sarvAMzataH mukta hone kA vidhAna vahA~ bilkula nahIM hai| mokSa kI - karmoM se sarvathA mukti kI vahA~ carcA hI nahIM hai / karmakANDI mImAMsakoM kI daur3a to svargaloka taka hI hai, usase Age nhiiN| yaha huI karmavAda ke samutthAna kI vaidika dRSTi se aitihAsika samIkSA | aitihAsika dRSTi se karmavAda ke vikAsa para cintana karate samaya hameM vedakAlIna karmasambandhI vicAroM para itanA cintana karanA Avazyaka thA; kyoMki upalabdha sAhitya meM veda sabase prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai| vaidika kI apekSA jainaparamparA meM karmavAda kA sAMgopAMga vikAsa * donoM paramparAoM kI dRSTi se jaba hama karmavAda ke samutthAna evaM vikAsa kI aitihAsika samIkSA karate haiM to hamAre samakSa yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai, ki jaina-darzana ke karmatattva - marmajJoM ne karmavAda kA jitanA samutthAna evaM vikAsa kiyA hai, utanA vaidika manISiyoM ne nahIM / jainakarmazAstriyoM ne karmatattva kA sAMgopAMga cintana manana evaM vizleSaNa kiyA hai| unakA dhyAna karmavAda ke pratyeka pahalU para gayA hai| sAtha hI unhoMne karmavAda ke sambandha meM lokamAnasa meM uThatI huI zaMkAoM kA bahuta hI sundara DhaMga se yuktiyukta samAdhAna kiyA hai, yugasamasyAoM kA bhI For Personal & Private Use Only

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278 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) karmavijJAna ke dvArA hala sujhAyA hai| jabaki sAMkhya aura yogadarzana ne karmavAda para apane DhaMga se cintana avazya kiyA thA, magara ina donoM ne prAyaH dhyAna aura tattvacintana para hI adhikAdhika dhyAna diyaa| Age calakara tathAgata buddha Ae, unhoMne bhI dhyAna para adhika jora diyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki karmavAda kI bArIkI aura vyApakatA para jainakarmazAstriyoM ne sarvAdhika dhyAna diyaa| usI ke phalasvarUpa vipula karmasAhitya kI racanA huI, jisakA asAdhAraNa mahatva hai, darzanazAstra ke adhyetA ke lie| phira bhI sAMkhya, yoga evaM bauddha Adi darzanoM ke sAtha jainakarmavAda kA bahuta kucha sAmya hai, maulaka bAtoM meM bhI kAphI samAnatA hai| jainasAhitya meM karmavAda kI prAMjala vyAkhyA vaidika sAhitya aura bauddha sAhitya meM bhI yatra-tatra karmasambandhI cintana milatA hai, parantu vaha itanA svalpa hai ki karmavAda ke viziSTa jijJAsu athavA zodhArthI vidvAna, utane bhara se apanA manaHsamAdhAna nahIM kara skte| unakA koI viziSTa grantha bhI dRSTipatha meM nahIM aataa| prAsaMgika rUpa meM yatra-tatra yatkiMcit prakIrNaka vicAra avazya kiyA gayA hai| kintu isake viparIta jaina vAGmaya meM karmavAda ke sambandha meM amekoM grantha upalabdha haiM, jinameM karmavAda kA pUrvAparazrRMkhalAbaddha, kramabaddha, suvyavasthita evaM vyApakarUpa meM nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| itanA hI nahIM, karmavijJAnavizeSajJoM ne karma se sambaddha vibhinna tathyoM ko pAribhASika zabdoM meM Abaddha karake saiddhAntika rUpa de diyA hai| yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina-vAGmaya meM karma-sAhitya kA vahI sthAna hai, jo saMskRta-sAhitya meM vyAkaraNa kA hai| jaise vyAkaraNa saMskRtabhASA meM nibaddha sAhitya ko anuprANita evaM nirvacanIkRta karatA hai, vaise hI karmazAstra jaina darzana evaM jainadharma ke samagra sAhitya ko anuprANita evaM supuSTa karatA hai| zabdazAstra zabdaracanA ko niyamabaddha karatA hai, usI prakAra karmazAstra bhI karmatattvoM ko niyamabaddha karatA hai| ataH jainavAGmaya meM karmazAstra athavA karmagrantha ke rUpa meM prakhyAta karmasAhitya kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| svataMtra karmagranthoM ke atirikta vyAkhyAprajJapti, prajJApanA, uttarAdhyayana, vipAkasUtra, nirayA- valikA Adi AgamoM meM tathA paravartI AcAryoM evaM karmazAstra ke marmajJoM dvArA racita granthoM meM karma-sambandhI carcA-vicAraNA vizadarUpa se huI hai| yadyapi tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa karmavAda ke AdhAra para saMkalita evaM racita karma-viSayaka granthoM meM sampradAyabheda aura bhASAbheda kI dRSTi se kucha na kucha parivartana avazya huA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA zAsana (dharma-saMgha) jisa samaya do zAkhAoM meM vibhakta huA, taba se karmazAstra For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke samutthAna kI aitihAsika samIkSA 279 bhI vibhAjita-sA ho gyaa| sampradAya-bheda ke kAraNa donoM sampradAyoM ke manISiyoM ko parama pitAmaha bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa karmatattva para mila-baiThakara vicAra-vinimaya karane kA puNya avasara nahIM milaa| phalataH mala tattvoM ke viSaya meM matabheda na hone para bhI unakI paribhASAoM, pAribhASika zabdoM evaM vyAkhyAoM meM aura kahIM-kahIM tAtparya meM yatkiMcit antara avazya ho gyaa| phira bhI donoM saMpradAyoM ke vidvAnoM dvArA racita karma-sAhitya meM kAphI sAmya hai| taTastha daSTi se soceM to jainadarzana kI maulika dena karmavAda kI garimA ko surakSita rakhane meM ubhayasampradAyIya jainAcArya sarvAtmanA sajaga rhe| karmavAda ke mUla hArda ko unhoMne surakSita rkhaa| ___karmavAda ke vikAsa ke sandarbha meM jaba hama jainadharma kI donoM sampradAyoM dvArA racita karma-viSayaka sAhitya para dRSTipAta karate haiM, to hameM gaurava kA anubhava hotA hai, ki jo karma siddhAnta pAribhASika zabdAvaliyoM aura gUr3ha paribhASAoM meM jaTila aura durUha banA huA thA, use karmavAda-marmajJoM ne bahuta hI sarala. aura sarasa tathA lokabhogya banA diyaa| karmavAda kA vikAsakrama : sAhityaracanA ke.sandarbha meM karmavAda kA yaha vikAsa kisa krama se huA, kaba-kaba huA ? isa sambandha meM anAdikAla se pravAharUpa se cale A rahe karmavAda kA. bhagavAn mahAvIra se lekara aba taka DhAI hajAra varSa se kucha adhika samaya taka uttarottara jo saMkalana huA hai, usa para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai|. ukta saMkalana ko hama tIna vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiN| ye hI tIna vibhAga karmavAda ke uttarottara vikAsa ke tIna mahAyuga samajhe jAne caahie| ve tIna vibhAga isa prakAra haiM-(1) pUrvAtmaka karmazAstra, (2) pUrvoddhRta athavA Akara karmazAstra, aura (3) prAkaraNika krmshaastr| ..(1) pUrvAtmaka karmazAstra-karmavAda kA pUrvAtmaka rUpa meM saMkalana karmavAda ke vikAsa kA prathama mahAyuga thaa| pUrvAtmakarUpa meM saMkalita karmazAstra sabase vizAla aura sabase prathama huA thaa| isakA pratipAdana hama pahale kara cuke haiN| (2) pUrvodata-karmazAstra-pUrvoddhRta rUpa meM karmavAda ke vikAsa kA yaha dvitIya mahAyuga thaa| ise Akara-karmazAstra bhI kahate haiN| yadyapi pUrvAtmaka karmazAstra se yaha vibhAga kAphI choTA hai| kintu karmazAstra ke vartamAna adhyetAoM kI dRSTi se yaha bhI kAphI bar3A hai| ... jaba bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bAda lagabhaga 900 yA 1000 varSa taka pUrvavidyAoM kA hrAsa hone lagA thA, tabhI aisA samaya A gayA thA ki kucha For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma - vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2. dazapUrvadhara yA kucheka pUrvoM ke jJAtA the, unheM jitanA aura jaisA karmaviSayaka jJAna kA smaraNa thA, unase grahaNa - dhAraNa karake ye Akara - karmazAstra likhe gye| yaha bhAga sAkSAt pUrvI se uddhRta mAnA jAtA hai| aisI mAnyatA hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI jaina sampradAyoM ke vidvAnoM dvArA racita karmazAstroM meM yaha pUrvoddhRta aMza vidyamAna hai; kyoMki aisA dekhA gayA hai kiM pUrvavidyA kA mUla aMza vidyamAna na rahane ke kAraNa inameM kahIM-kahIM zrRMkhalA khaNDita ho gaI hai| phira bhI pUrva se uddhRta paryApta aMza inameM surakSita hai| 280 Akara - karmazAstroM kI racanA ke samaya taka sampradAya - bheMda rUr3ha hUM jAne ke kAraNa pUrva mahAzAstroM se uddhRta aMza pRthak pRthak nAmoM se prakhyAta haiN| jaise- zvetAmbara-sampradAya meM karmaprakRti, zataka, paMcasaMgraha aura saptatikA, ye cAra mahAgrantha pUrvoddhRta mAne jAte haiN| karmaprakRti AcArya zivazarmasUri dvArA racita hai, jisakA samaya vikrama kI pAMcavI zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| isameM karma sambandhI bandhana, saMkramaNa, udvartanA, apavartanA, udIraNA, nidhatti, nikAcanA, evaM niSecanA ina 8 karaNoM kA, tathA udaya aura sattA ina do avasthAoM kA varNana hai / 'paMcasaMgraha' mahAgrantha AcArya candrarSi mahattara dvArA racita hai| isameM yogopayoga, mArgaNA, bandhavya, bandha hetu aura bandhavidhi, ina pAMca dvAroM tathA zatakArdi' pAMca granthoM kA samAveza hone se isakA paMcasaMgraha nAma sArthaka hai| digambara sampradAya meM mahAkarmaprakRti prAbhRta tathA kaSAya- prAbhRta, ye do grantha pUrvoM se uddhRta mAne jAte haiN| (3) prAkaraNika karmazAstra - pUrvoddhRta karmazAstra ke pazcAt karmavAda ke sarala aura prAMjala vikAsa kA yaha tIsarA mahAyuga thA / yaha vibhAga tRtIya saMkalana kA phala hai| isameM karma sambandhI aneka choTe-bar3e prakaraNa-granthoM kA adhyayana-adhyApana vizeSataH pracalita hai| ina prakaraNagranthoM kA sAMgopAMga adhyayana karane ke pazcAt medhAvI abhyAsI pUrvoddhRta Akara-granthoM kA adhyayana karate haiN| ina prAkaraNika karmazAstroM kA saMkalana- sampAdana vikrama kI AThavIM-nauvIM zatAbdI se lekara solahavIM satrahavIM zatAbdI taka huA hai| yaha karmasAhitya racanA kA utkarSakAla hai| isa kAla meM karmasiddhAnta para vibhinna AcAryoM dvArA racita prakaraNa granthoM ke paThana-pAThana kI ora vizeSa ruci jagI / karmavAda - viSayaka prakaraNagranthoM ke paThana-pAThana ko isa yuga meM 1. zatakAdi pAMca grantha isa prakAra haiM - ( 1 ) zataka. (2) saptatikA, (3) kaSAya- prAbhRta, (4) satkarma - prAbhRta aura (5) karma prakRtiyA~ / For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke samutthAna kI aitihAsika samIkSA 281 adhikAdhika protsAhana bhI milaa| isake mukhyatayA do kAraNa haiM- madhyayuga ke AcAryoM kA dhyAna anyAnya viSayoM se haTakara karmaviSayaka prAkaraNika granthoM kI racanA kI ora AkarSita huA / phalataH unhoMne kramabaddha evaM vyavasthita DhaMga se karmazAstroM ko nirmita evaM pallavita kiyA / isalie ina prakaraNa granthoM ke adhyayana-adhyApana ko protsAhana milane kA pahalA kAraNa yaha hai ki karmaprakRti, paMcasaMgraha Adi pUrvoddhRta grantha bahuta hI vizAla evaM gahana haiN| unameM sAdhAraNa buddhivAle vyakti kA prathama to praveza hI duSkara hai| yadi praveza ho jAe to bhI unameM se kucha matalaba kI bAta nikAla lenA to aura bhI duSkara hai| ataH yadi pratyeka viSaya ko lekara pRthak-pRthak karmagranthoM tathA navya paMcasaMgraha ke dasa bhAgoM kI racanA na kI jAtI to karmaviSayaka sAhitya ke adhyayana-adhyApana ko protsAhana nahIM miltaa| zvetAmbara karmasAhitya meM 6. prAcIna karmagranthoM kI racanA, bhinna-bhinna AcAryoM dvArA bhinna-bhinna samaya meM kI gii| prAcIna SaTkarmagranthoM ke nAma kramazaH isa prakAra haiM - ( 1 ) karmavipAka, (2) karmastava, (3) bandha - svAmitva, (4) SaDazIti, (5) zataka aura (6) saptatikA / ina prAcIna karmagranthoM kA anusaraNa karate hue AcArya devendrasUri ne pAMca navyaM karmagranthoM kI racanA kii| unake nAma bhI prAcIna karmagranthoM ke jo nAma the, ve hI diye haiN| itanA avazya hai ki unhoMne prAcIna karmagrantha aura naye meM antara batAne ke hetu pratyeka bhAga ke nAma ke pUrva bRhat zabda lagAyA hai| prAcIna karmagranthoM se navIna karmagranthoM meM yaha vizeSatA thI ki eka to ye prAcIna karmagranthoM se choTe the, dUsare, inameM unameM varNita koI bhI viSaya chUTA nahIM hai, tathA anya aneka naye viSayoM kA samAveza bhI kiyA gayA hai| udhara digambarasampradAya meM pUrvoddhRta karmazAstra ke sandarbha meM AcArya . puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ne vikrama kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI meM mahAkarmaprakRti prAbhRta (dUsarA nAma karmaprAbhRta) kI racanA kii| isake chaha khaNDoM ke nAma yoM haiM - (1) jIvasthAna, (2) kSudrakabandha, (3) bandhasvAmitva vicaya, (4) vedanA, (5) vargaNA aura (6) mahAbandha / ise 'SaTkhaNDAgama' bhI kahate haiN| isa para ativismRta dhavalA TIkA hai| isI taraha kaSAyaprAbhRta (aparanAma-pejjadosapAhuDa-preyodveSaprAbhRta) kI racanA AcArya guNadhara ne kii| isameM jayadhavalAkAra ke anusAra nimnokta 15 arthAdhikAra haiM- (1) preyodveSa, (2) prakRtivibhakti, (3) sthitivibhakti, (4) anubhAga-vibhakti, (5) pradezavibhakti, (6) bandhaka, (7) vedaka, (8) For Personal & Private Use Only

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282 . karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) upayoga (9) catuHsthAna, (10) vyaMjana, (11) samyaktva, (12) dezavirati, (13) saMyama, (14) cAritramohanIya kI upazamanA, (15) cAritramohanIya kI ksspnnaa| isakI jayadhavalA TIkA prasiddha hai| isake pazcAt dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM AcArya nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI dvArA 'gommaTasAra karmakANDa' kI racanA huI hai| isameM karmasambandhI nau prakaraNa haiN| inhIM AcArya kI eka kRti hai-labdhisAra (kSapaNAsAra grbhit)| isameM karma se mukta hone ke upAya kA pratipAdana hai| isameM tIna prakaraNa haiM-(1) darzanalabdhi, (2) cAritralabdhi aura (3) kSAyika caaritr|' vartamAna meM zvetAmbara sampradAya meM karmagrantha aura paMcasaMgraha ke tathA digambara sampradAya meM gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) ke paThana-pAThana ko bahuta hI mahattva aura protsAhana milA huA hai| isa protsAhana kA dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki karmavAda jainadarzana kA pramukha aMga hai, adhyAtmavAda ke sAtha usakA ghaniSTha sambandha hai| karmazAstra ke gahana vana meM praviSTa hone ke bAda pAThaka kI cittavRtti svataH ekAgra hone lagatI hai| prArambha meM kaThinatara pratIta hone vAlA karmazAstra, abhyAsa ho jAne ke bAda atIva rasaprada lagatA hai| usameM cintana-mananapUrvaka DubakI lagAne para aneka durlabha tattvaratna mila jAte haiM, vyakti adhyetA se dhyAtA bana jAtA hai| karmagranthoM evaM gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) ke rUpa meM karmasiddhAnta kA sarvAMgINa varNana hone se pAThakoM ko karmatattva ke sAMgopAMga adhyayana-manana 'evaM smaraNa karane meM bahuta AsAnI ho gii| parantu pUrvoddhRta karmazAstroM meM varNita samagra karmarahasya kA pUrvApara samparkasUtra vicchinna ho gayA, aura UparI taura para karma-siddhAnta ke sthUla aMzoM kA jAna lenA hI paryApta samajha liyA gyaa| phalataH karmasiddhAnta ke sarvAMgapUrNa adhyayana-adhyApana meM vyavadhAna AyA aura ukta pUrvoddhRta granthoM ko durUha evaM kliSTa samajhakara upekSA kI jAne lgii| yadi karmazAstroM kA manoyogapUrvaka kramabaddha adhyayana kiyA jAe to isase sugama aura citta ko dharmadhyAna ke caraNabhUta apAyavicaya aura vipAkavicaya ke dhyAna meM tanmaya karane meM AsAna anya koI zAstra nahIM hai| dharmadhyAna ke binA prArambhika dazA meM mana ko ekAgra 1. karmasAhitya ke vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekheM 'jainasAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa-bhA.4 pR. 27 se 142 taka For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke samutthAna kI aitihAsika samIkSA 283 karanA atIva duSkara hai| aura karma siddhAnta ke cintana-manana- dhyAna dvArA sva-svarUpa meM lInatA ho jAne se paramAtmapada prApti yA mukti bhI saMhaja ho sakatI hai| isa zatAbdI meM bhI karmavAda kA gahana adhyayana karane vAle kaI AcArya, munivara evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikAgaNa haiN| zvetAmbara AcAryoM meM sva. vijayapremasUrI jI ma. karmasiddhAnta ke marmajJa mAne jAte haiN| unake prayatna evaM preraNA se unake samudAya meM karmazAstra ke vizeSajJa ke rUpa meM unakI samasta ziSyamaNDalI taiyAra ho gaI hai| unhoMne upalabdha samasta zvetAmbara evaM digambara karmasAhitya kA adhyayana, manana, manthana karake prAkRta evaM saMskRta bhASA meM naI zailI meM lagabhaga do lAkha zloka parimita 'khavagaser3hI' 'payaDIbaMdho,' 'ThiIbaMdho' 'rasabaMdho,' 'paesabaMdhI' Adi mahAn granthoM kI racanA kI hai| " aura bhI kaI choTI bar3I aneka pustakeM hiMdI, gujarAtI, aMgrejI Adi prAdezika bhASAoM meM kaI muniyoM evaM vidvAnoM ne likhI haiN| phira bhI karmasiddhAnta ke sambandha meM abhI bahuta kucha zodhakArya apekSita hai|, pUrvAtmaka, pUrvoddhRta, evaM prAkaraNika karmazAstra kI mUlagAthAe~ prAkRta bhASA meM haiM / kintu una para vyAkhyAeM, TIkAeM, niyuktiyA~ prAyaH saMskRta bhASA meM haiN| prAkaraNika karmasAhitya para hindI, gujarAtI, kannaDa Adi tIna bhASAoM meM anuvAda, vivecana, TIkA-TippaNI Adi haiM / digambara sAhitya ne kannar3a, tamila evaM hindI Adi prAdezika bhASAoM kA tathA zvetAmbara sAhitya ne hindI, gujarAtI tathA rAjasthAnI bhASA kA Azraya liyA hai| ina saba vivaraNoM kA paryAlocana karane se eka bAta spaSTataH parilakSita hotI hai ki vartamAna meM darzanazAstra ke adhyetAoM, adhyAtmazAstra ke cintakoM, dharmadhurandhara sAdhu-sAdhviyoM evaM katipaya zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga meM, tathA zikSita varga meM karmasiddhAnta ke adhyayana adhyApana kI pravRtti bar3hI hai| karmasiddhAnta ke sabhI aMgoM aura rahasyoM ko jAnane kI utsukatA meM bhI 1. isake vistRta vivaraNa ke liye dekhiye (ka) 'karmasiddhAnta sambandhI sAhitya' saM. 2021 meM zrI mohanalAlajI jJAnabhaNDAra sUrata se prakAzita (kha) karmasAhityanuM saMkSipta itihAsa (muni zrI nityAnandavijayajI) (ga) jainakarmasAhitya kA saMkSipta vivaraNa (le. agaracanda nAhaTA ) jinavANI karmasiddhAnta vizeSAMka For Personal & Private Use Only

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284 . karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) vRddhi huI hai| kaI vizvavidyAlayoM, dhArmika parIkSA borDoM evaM dhArmika pAThazAlAoM meM karmazAstra ko pAThyakrama meM sthAna diyA gayA hai| karmasiddhAnta para risarca karane vAle bhI kaI zodhasnAtaka taiyAra ho rahe haiN| kaI sthAnoM para darzanAntarIya karmavivecana ke sAtha jainakarma siddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana evaM anusandhAna bhI ho rahA hai| yaha kArya karmavAda ke. vikAsa meM cAra cAMda lagAne vAlA siddha ho rahA hai| vikAsa ke sarvocca zikhara para karmavAda : kaba aura kaise ? isa prakAra karma-viSayaka sAhitya kA sRjana uttarottara karmavAda ke samutthAna se lekara vikAsa ke sopAnoM para car3hatA rahA hai| aura isa pragatizIla vaijJAnika yuga meM to hindI, aMgrejI evaM prAdezika gujarAtI, baMgalA, marAThI, kannar3a Adi bhASAoM meM karmavijJAna kA vivecana manovijJAna, samAjazAstra, zikSAvijJAna, jIvavijJAna, zarIravijJAnazAstra, tathA bhautika vijJAna Adi ke pariprekSya meM tulanAtmaka adhyayana, manana, parizIlana evaM sAhitya-sRjana ho rahA hai| isalie vaha dina dUra nahIM, jaba karmavijJAna AdhyAtmika pRSThabhUmi para vizva ke samasta vijJAnoM ke sAtha anekAntadRSTi se paraspara sAmaJjya sthApita karatA huA vikAsa ke sarvocca zikhara ko chU legaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmazAstroM dvArA karmavAda kA adhyAtmamUlaka sarvakSetrIya vikAsa 285 @ karmazAstroM dvArA karmavAda kA adhyAtmamUlaka sarvakSetrIya vikAsa karmazAstra meM zarIrAdi kA varNana AdhyAtmika pRSThabhUmi para karmavAda ke samutthAna evaM vikAsa ke sopAnoM para uttarottara ArohaNa meM karmazAstra se sambandhita samagra sAhitya ke sRjana kA mahattvapUrNa hAtha hai| parantu dekhanA yaha hai ki karmazAstra ke ina aMgopAMga kA sRjana kisa pRSThabhUmi para huA hai ? yadi karmazAstra se sambandhita sAhitya kA sRjana kevala bhautika dRSTi se hI hotA to jaina- karmavAda kA samutthAna evaM vikAsa itanI drutagati se nahIM hotA / karmazAstra meM zarIrasambandhI varNana : eka samIkSA karmazAstra meM zarIra, usake sthUla sUkSma prakAra, usake aMgopAMga, unakI sudRr3hatA- adRr3hatA, vRddhi- hrAsa, alpAyuSkatA - dIrghAyuSkatA tathA unase sambandhita mana, vacana aura prANa tathA indriyoM Adi kI banAvaTa, unake vividha prakAra evaM tana, mana, vacana, prANa Adi kI zaktiyoM ke prayoga, prabhAva, tathA pravRttiyoM Adi kA varNana hai, joki Upara-Upara se dekhane vAle ko ekAnta bhautika hI pratIta hotA hai| kaI nAsamajha athavA tattva se anabhijJa loga to sahasA kaha baiThate haiM ki karmazAstra jaise AdhyAtmika zAstra meM zarIrasambandhI varNana kyoM ? parantu jarA gaharAI se soceM to isa bhrAnti kA samAdhAna zIghra hI ho jAtA hai| karmazAstra meM jahA~ eka ora zarIrazAstra kA varNana hai, vahA~ dUsarI ora vaise zarIrAdi avayava prApta hone ke mUlakAraNabhUta amuka-amuka karmoM kA bhI pratipAdana hai| amuka karmoM ke upArjana se zarIra se sambandhita bhautika sukha-sAmagrI prApta hone kA bhI vidhAna hai| sAtha hI zarIrAdi ke bandhanoM se mukta hone ke bhI upAya batAye gae haiN| udAharaNArtha - uttarAdhyayana sUtra batAyA hai-"tathA-kathita puNyakarmoM ke phalasvarUpa ve daza prakAra kI sukha-sAmagrI se yukta hote haiM - zubha kSetra, vAstu (acchA makAna), svarNa, pazu, meM For Personal & Private Use Only

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286 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) . .. dAsa-pauruSeya tathA sanmitra, sujJAtijana, uccagotra, saundarya, svasthatA, mahAprajJA, kulInatA, yazasvitA evaM baliSThatA Adi se yukta hote haiN| phira ve pUrvakRta tapa-saMyamAdi zuddha dharma ke kAraNa vizuddha bodhi kA anubhava karate haiN| isake pazcAt isa manuSya zarIra se tapa-saMyamAdi kI sAdhanA se sabhI karmoM kA kSaya karake siddha, buddha, zAzvata mukta paramAtmA ho jAte haiN|' kahanA hogA ki karmazAstroM meM zarIrazAstra kA varNana manuSyoM ko bhautikatA evaM kAmabhogoM meM phaMsAne ke lie nahIM, apitu prApta zarIrAdi avayavoM se tapa, tyAga, saMyamAdi dharmoM kI adhyAtma-sAdhanA karake mukti prApta karane ke lie hai| isalie karmazAstra meM, zarIrazAstra kA varNana bhI AdhyAtmika pRSThabhUmi para AdhArita hai| zarIrazAstra aura mAnasazAstra kI apekSA karmazAstra kI vizeSatA zarIrazAstra zarIra kI paridhi meM hI vicAra karatA hai| koI vyakti nahIM jAnatA hai ki use kyA karanA hai ? athavA koI vyakti jAnatA to hai, parantu use karane meM sakSama nahIM hai| koI vyakti karatA to hai, kintu yathArtha DhaMga se nahIM krtaa| parantu eka vyakti aisA hai, jo jAnatA bhI nahIM, aura kara bhI nahIM sktaa|shriirshaastrii se pUchA jAegA ki ina cAroM ke pRthak-pRthak vyaktitva athavA pRthak-pRthak kSamatA-akSamatA kA kyA kAraNa hai ? zarIrazAstra isakA kAraNa aura kucha nahIM batAkara snAyavika uttejanA aura paristhiti ke tAratamya ko hI kAraNa btaaegaa| parantu aisI snAyavika uttejanA aura aisI paristhiti hI ina cAroM ko kyoM milIM? yaha zarIrazAstra nahIM batA sktaa| mAnasazAstra inhIM cAroM prakAra ke vyaktiyoM kI kSamatA-akSamatA ke samAdhAna ke lie cAroM ke avacetana mana kA manovizleSaNa karake mAnasika samasyA ko hI kAraNa rUpa meM prastuta karegA aura anta meM vaha paristhiti aura paristhitijanita snAyavika uttejanA ko hI kAraNa btaaegaa| mAnasazAstra kI daur3a avacetana mana taka hI to hai| vaha avacetana mana ke sandarbha meM hI uttara degaa| kintu avacetana mana meM cAroM kI kSamatA meM aisA tAratamya kyoM? isakA samAdhAna mAnasazAstra ke pAsa nahIM hai| karmazAstra cAroM prakAra kI kSamatA-akSamatA vAle ina cAra vyaktiyoM ke sAmarthya ke mUla kAraNoM para vicAra karatA hai, usI ke sandarbha meM uttara detA hai| vaha paristhitiyoM ko nimitta jarUra mAnatA hai| parantu aisI paristhitiyoM, kSamatA-akSamatA kA mUla hetu kyA hai ? isake samAdhAna ke lie karmazAstra kahegA-isake pIche koI na koI karma avazya hI mUla kAraNa hai| 1. uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 3 gA. 16 se 20 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmazAstroM dvArA karmavAda kA adhyAtmamUlaka sarvakSetrIya vikAsa 287 udAharaNArtha-koI vyakti jAnatA nahIM hai ki use kyA karanA hai ? usakI buddhi atIva manda hai| isakA kAraNa mAnasa-zAstrI se pUchoge to vaha yahI uttara degA ki ukta vyakti kA mastiSka vikasita nahIM hai| usake jJAnatantu durbala haiN| isa kAraNa isakA jJAna kama vikasita hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki mAnasa-zAstra jJAna ke hrAsa yA bauddhika mandatA kA kAraNa zarIra meM DhUMr3hegA, tadanusAra ukta samasyA kA samAdhAna kregaa| parantu ukta vyakti kI bauddhika mandatA, jJAnatantu kI durbalatA athavA mastiSka kA nyUna vikAsa kyoM hai ? isake kAraNa ke viSaya meM mAnasazAstra niruttara ho jaaegaa| ___ karmazAstra ke pAsa isakA anukUla evaM yuktiyukta samAdhAna hai| vaha kahegA-ukta vyakti ke mastiSka kA vikAsa nahIM huA, yA usake jJAnatantu kamajora hai, isakA mUla kAraNa sthUla zarIra meM DhUMDhane jAoge to patA nahIM lgegaa| sUkSmatama zarIra-kArmaNa zarIra meM isakA kAraNa chipA hai| isake jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA prabala udaya hai, jisake kAraNa bauddhika vikAsa nahIM huA hai, jJAnatantu durbala ho rahe haiN| aura jJAnAvaraNIya karmabandha ke bhI mukhyatayA 5 kAraNa haiN| jinake kAraNa isake jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA bandha huA hai| vaha pUrvabaddha jJAnAvaraNIya karma aba udaya meM A rahA hai, phala de rahA hai| jo vyakti jAnatA to hai, parantu karane meM sakSama nahIM hai| usakA kAraNa bhI mAnasazAstra yA zarIrazAstra zarIra kI zakti-azakti ko athavA vaMzaparamparA se prApta azakti ko btaaegaa| parantu karmazAstra se pUchege to vaha vIryAntarAya karma ke udaya ko mUla kAraNa btaaegaa| yahI karma usakI kAryakSamatA, karane kI zakti ko roka rahA hai, zakti prakaTa karane meM bAdhaka banA huA hai| usakI kartRtva zakti meM avarodha paidA kara rahA hai| - yadyapi bauddhika mandatA yA kartRtva-akSamatA meM jJAna ke sAdhanoM, sahAyaka adhyApakoM yA gurujanoM ke saMyoga, adhyayana-smaraNa meM pramAda, Alasya, akarmaNyatA, hInatA kI bhAvanA, AtmavizvAsa kI kamI, vaise poSaka khAdya kA abhAva Adi kaI nimitta evaM paristhitijanya sahAyaka kAraNa ho sakate haiN| una sahAyaka kAraNoM ko mAnane meM karmazAstra ko Apatti nahIM hai, kintu ina sabake mUla kAraNa kI mImAMsA meM karmazAstra kA uttara sarvAdhika yukti-saMgata evaM prAmANika hogaa| ... niSkarSa yaha hai ki karmazAstra pratyeka ghaTanA, AcaraNa yA vyavahAra athavA samasyA ke mUla kAraNa kI mImAMsA karatA hai, jabaki zarIrazAstra, mAnasazAstra yA bhautika vijJAna bAhya nimitta kAraNoM kI mImAMsA karake raha For Personal & Private Use Only

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288 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) jAtA hai| yadyapi karmazAstra zarIrazAstra aura mAnasazAstra kI dRSTi se bhI vicAra karatA hai aura usa-usa karma ke udaya meM amuka-amuka nimitta evaM paristhiti ko svIkAra karatA hai| karmazAstra adhyAtma zAstra se bhinna nahIM ___karmazAstra kA nAma sunate hI kaI sthUladRSTi vAle loga yaha samajhane lagate haiM ki isameM khAnA-pInA, uThanA-baiThanA, sonA-jAganA Adi zarIra se sambaddha vividha karmoM-kAryoM kA varNana hogA athavA kevala acche-bure karmoM kA hI vivaraNa hogaa| kintu yaha mahAn bhrAnti hai| karmazAstra meM karma kA svarUpa, prakAra Adi kA varNana karane ke sAtha-sAtha AtmA aura karma kA kyA . sambandha hai ? karma AtmA ke sAtha kaba lage, kaise lage, kina-kina kAraNoM se lage ? karma pahale thA yA AtmA ? AtmA balavAn hai yA karma ? karma AtmA ko sadA ke lie parAdhIna kara detA hai yA AtmA isase sarvathA mukta, svataMtra bhI ho sakatA hai ? karma AtmA ke sAtha kisa-kisa rUpa meM baMdhate haiM ? karma AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa ko kaise AvRta-AcchAdita kara dete haiM ? ye aura aisI AtmA se sambandhita vividha samasyAoM kA samAdhAna jisa karmazAstra meM ho, kyA use bhautikazAstra yA daihika kAryazAstra kahA jAegA, athavA AdhyAtmika zAstra ? nahIM, vaha sarvAMga pUrNa adhyAtmazAstra hI khlaaegaa| ... AdhyAtmika zAstra meM bhI AtmA se sambandhita pratyeka atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna viSayoM para carcA-vicAraNA kI jAtI hai| vaha AtmA ko nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM dRSTiyoM se taulatA hai| AtmA kI vividha zaktiyoM kA bhI pratipAdana karatA hai, kintu vartamAna meM AtmA kI una zaktiyoM para kisakA kAlA pardA par3A huA hai ? isakA bhI sAMgopAMga vizleSaNa karatA hai| AtmA se sambandhita pratyeka pahalU para vicAra-cintana prastuta karanA hI adhyAtmazAstra kA uddezya hai| ataeva adhyAtma-zAstra AtmA ke pAramArthika svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karane ke sAtha-sAtha usake vyAvahArika svarUpa kA bhI nirUpaNa karatA hai| arthAt-AtmA kA vAstavika svarUpa kyA hai aura vartamAna meM usakI cetanA kuNThita, AvRta, evaM bujhI huI kyoM aura kisa kAraNa se hai ? isa prakAra AtmA ke Adarza aura vyavahAra, prakRti aura vikRti donoM kA yathArtha pratipAdana karanA hI adhyAtmazAstra kA prayojana hai| yadi adhyAtmazAstra kevala nizcaya kA ekAMgI pratipAdana karatA hai to usake samakSa gatiyoM, yoniyoM evaM zarIra, indriya, mana, prANa, yoga, upayoga, veda (kAya), kaSAya, jJAna, AhAra Adi ko lekara prANI ke rUpoM kI vividhatA, sukhI-duHkhI, dhanI-nirdhana, For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmazAstroM dvArA karmavAda kA adhyAtmamUlaka sarvakSetrIya vikAsa 289 vidvAn-mUrkha Adi AtmA kI vibhinna avasthAe~ kyoM, kaise aura kaba taka ? ityAdi vikaTa prazna mu~ha bAe khar3e rheNge| apane sAtha lagI huI ina upAdhiyoM se vikRta banI huI, zuddha svarUpa se dUra AtmA kaise aura kaba apane zuddha svarUpa ko prApta hogI ? niSkarSa yaha hai ki AtmA kI vartamAna dRzyamAna avasthAoM kA svarUpa bhalIbhAMti, jAne binA, usa avasthA se Upara uThane kI yA usase pAra paripUrNa zuddha, buddha-mukta AtmA hone kI yogyatA evaM tadanukUla tattvadRSTi kaise prApta ho sakatI hai ? tathA dRzyamAna vibhinna dazAe~ AtmA kA svabhAva kyoM nahIM hai ? AtmA svabhAva ko chor3akara parabhAvoM - meM kaise aura kaba calA jAtA hai ? isIlie adhyAtmazAstra AtmA ke ina saba dRzyamAna vartamAna avasthAoM kI upekSA karake kevala zuddha AtmA kI hI nizcaya-dRSTi kI hI bAta karegA to vaha apane adhyetA yA pAThaka ko kevala havAI kalpanAoM ke paMkha lagAkara AdhyAtmika AkAza meM ur3ane kI preraNA karegA, kintu vyAvahArika dharAtala para usakI AtmA Asrava aura bandha ke bhAra se pUrI nahIM to, AtmaguNa ghAtaka karmoM se kucha aMzoM meM jaba mukta hotI jAegI, tabhI vaha zuddha AtmA halakI hokara adhyAtma-gagana meM ur3Ana bhara skegii| arthAt-adhyAtmazAstra ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha pahale AtmA ke dRzyamAna virUpa kI saMgati evaM upapatti biThAkara phira Age bddh'e| yahI kArya karmazAstra karatA hai| vaha dRzyamAna samasta sAMsArika avasthAoM ko karmajanya batAkara ukta avasthAoM se AtmA ke svarUpa kA pArthakya batalAkara AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa ko prApta karane ke lie karmoM se sarvathA mukta honA Avazyaka batAtA hai| isa dRSTi se dekheM to karmazAstra adhyAtmazAstra kA hI eka pramukha aMga hai| karmazAstra kI upekSA karake adhyAtma-zAstra kI vyAkhyA sarvAMgapUrNa nahIM ho sktii| adhyAtmazAstra ke uddezya kI pUrti hI karmazAstra karatA hai| yadi adhyAtmazAstra kA uddezya kevala AtmA ke zuddhasvarUpa kA varNana karanA aura AtmA se paramAtmA bananA hI mAnA jAe, taba bhI karmazAstra ko usakA pahalA par3Ava mAnanA pdd'egaa| kyoMki jaba taka AtmA zarIra se sambaddha hai, taba taka vividha prakAra kI anubhava meM Ane vAlI vaibhAvika pariNatiyoM athavA vikRta avasthAoM, rAga, dveSa, moha, kaSAya Adi se sampRkta vividha saMvedanoM ke sAtha usakA kyA sambandha hai ? vaha sambandha trikAlasthAyI hai yA parivartanazIla hai ? taba taka AtmA ke zuddhasvarUpa kI bAta karanA divAsvapnavat hogaa| jaba yaha bhalIbhAMti pratIta ho jAtA hai ki sAMsArika AtmA kA yaha vartamAna rUpa aupAdhika hai, karmajanya hai, mAyika hai For Personal & Private Use Only

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290 karma - vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) yA vaibhAvika hai, taba sahaja hI yaha jijJAsA hotI hai ki taba phira AtmA . kA vAstavika zuddha svarUpa kyA hai ? aura tabhI AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA pratipAdana kRtakArya hotA hai / karmazAstra isI krama se AtmA ke paramazuddha svarUpa taka pahuMcane kA patha-pradarzana karatA hai| paramAtmA ke sAtha AtmA kA kyA aura kaisA sambandha hai ? yaha jaise adhyAtmazAstra kA viSaya hai, vaise hI karmazAstra kA bhI hai| vaha ghAtikarma- catuSTayamukta athavA aSTavidhakarmamukta hone para AtmA kA paramAtmasvarUpa banane kA pratipAdana karatA hai| AtmA hI paramAtmA hai, isa tathya kA pratipAdana karake usakI karmAvRta evaM anAvRta avasthA ko lekara karmazAstra AtmA ke tIna rUpoM kA bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ke nAma se pratipAdana karatA hai| bhagavadgItA, upaniSad, yogavaziSTha, yogadarzana Adi AdhyAtmika granthoM meM AtmA se sambandhita jaise vicAra milate haiM, vaise hI vicAra karmazAstra meM bhI pAye jAte haiN| karmazAstra kI dRSTi se AtmA kA paramAtmA meM mila jAne kA phalitArtha bhI yahI hai ki apanI karmAvRta avasthA ko dUra karake zuddha hokara paramAtmabhAva ko vyakta karanA, AtmA kA paramAtmarUpa ho jaanaa| jIva paramAtmA kA aMza hai, isakA abhiprAya bhI karmazAstra kI dRSTi se yaha hai ki jIva meM jJAna-darzana-Ananda-zakti ko jitanI kalA vyakta hai, vaha paripUrNa kintu avyakta (AvRta) cetanacandra kI pUrNakalAoM kA eka aMza bhara hai| karmoM kA AvaraNa dUra ho jAne se cetanacandra pUrNarUpa se anAvRta - vyakta ho jAtA hai| karmazAstra jIva ko karmoM meM baMdhe rahane kI preraNA nahIM detA, kintu vaha karmoM se baMdhI huI AtmA ko usake karmabaddha rUpa kA jJa-parijJA se jJAna karA kara, pratyAkhyAna- parijJA se karmoM se mukta hone, unheM kSaya karane kI preraNA detA hai| zarIra, indriyA~, bAhya sukha sAmagrI, dhana- kuTumba, makAna Adi para-padArthoM meM Atmabuddhi arthAt - sajIva-nirjIva para-padArthoM meM ahatvamamatvabuddhi karanA bahirAtmA kA lakSaNa batAkara karmazAstra bahirAtmabhAva ko chor3ane kI hI preraNA detA hai| jinake saMskAroM meM bahirAtmabhAva kUTa-kUTakara bharA ho, unheM bhale hI karmazAstra kI yaha zikSA rucikara na lage, parantu usake dvArA satya tathya meM kiMcit bhI antara nahIM par3atA / AtmA ke svabhAva ko chor3akara parabhAvoM meM mana vacana kAyA ko ramaNa karAne vAle, tathA viSaya kaSAyoM meM DUbe hue unake phalasvarUpa zubhAzubha karma bA~dhane vAle logoM ko karmazAstra una sabake aniSTa pariNAma, janma-maraNAdi duHkhAkrAnta saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kI cetAvanI bhI detA hai| karmazAstra zarIra aura AtmA kI yA svabhAva - parabhAvoM kI abhinnatA ke bhrama ko miTAkara bhedavijJAna (viveka - khyAti) ko jAgRta karatA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmazAstroM dvArA karmavAda kA adhyAtmamUlaka sarvakSetrIya vikAsa 291 jisase AtmasvarUpa kA bhAna hote hI vyakti kI antardRSTi khula jAtI hai| samyagdRSTi khulate hI vyakti AtmA meM suSupta paramAtmabhAva ko jAna dekha pAtA hai| usI paramAtmabhAva ko pUrNataH anubhava meM lAne, arthAt-svabhAva meM pUrNataH lIna hone kI prakriyA karmazAstra batalAtA hai| yahI jIva kA brahma (ziva) honA hai| isI parabrahma bhAva ko jIva meM zIghra vyakta karAne kI vidhi dharma- zukladhyAna ke mAdhyama se karmazAstra batAtA hai| pahale vaha abhedajJAna ke bhrama se haTAkara jIva ko bhedavijJAna kI ora le jAtA hai, phira abheda-dhyAna (zukla - dhyAna) kI uccabhUmikA para AtmA ko ArUr3ha hone kI preraNA dene bhara kA kArya karmazAstra kA hai| eka dRSTi se dekhA jAe to hiMsAdi pAMca AsravoM evaM mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya, evaM yoga Adi pAMca Asrava kAraNoM ko dUra haTAkara AtmA ko, tapa, saMyama, vrata- mahAvrata, (yama), niyama, tyAga pratyAkhyAna, dhyAna, mauna, samiti - gupti, parISaMhajaya Adi ke dvArA adhyAtma ke ucca- sarvocca zikhara taka le jAne kA kArya bhI karmazAstra karatA hai| vaha AtmA ke uttarottara vikAsa ke lie zubhAzubha karmoM ke AsravoM kA nirodha karane aura saMvara, saMyama tathA samatva meM ramaNa karane kA upadeza detA hai| sAtha hI purAkRta zubhAzubha karmoM ke kSaya ke lie bhI vividha upAya batAtA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki karmazAstra prANiyoM ke zubhAzubha AcaraNoM kA kArya-kAraNa ke rUpa meM vizleSaNa karatA hai| vaha manuSyoM kI acchI burI vRtti - pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa acche-bure phala prApta hone kI spaSTa mImAMsA karatA hai| karmazAstra adhyAtma ko samajhane kI kuJjI hai| adhyAtma ke sahI aura galata rUpa kA nirNaya karane ke lie karmazAstra hI nyAyAdhIza kA kArya karatA hai| adhyAtma kA ucita mUlyAMkana karmazAstra ke sAMgopAMga adhyayana se hI ho sakatA hai| karmazAstra kA gambhIra adhyayana karane se hI adhyAtma kI gUr3ha gutthiyA~ sulajhAI jA sakatI haiN| jo vyakti karmazAstra ko najaraaMdAja karake adhyAtmavAda kA parizIlana karanA cAhate haiM, ve adhyAtma kI gUr3ha bAtoM ko na to samajha sakate haiM, na hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kara pAte haiM, ve adhyAtma ke nAma para idhara-udhara ke kaThora kriyA-kalApoM meM hI ulajha jAte haiM, usI ko ve adhyAtmavAda samajha lete haiM / isalie karmazAstra adhyAtmavAda kA paripoSaka evaM pUrNa samarthaka hai| vaha prANiyoM ko karmoM ke jAla meM ulajhAne aura phaMsAne ke lie nahIM hai, apitu kArya-kAraNoM kI pUrNa mImAMsA karake jIvoM ko unakI saMsAragata azuddha evaM parAdhIna dazA batalAkara karmoM se chuTakArA pAne kA mArga batAne ke lie hai|. For Personal & Private Use Only

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292 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) karmazAstra antaraMga kAraNa batAtA hai mana-vacana-kAyA kI pratyeka pravRtti ke pIche do prakAra ke kAraNa hote haiM-antaraMga kAraNa aura bAhya kaarnn| bAhya kAraNa to hameM jhaTapaTa samajha meM A jAte haiM, kintu antaraMga kAraNa ko gaharAI meM jAkara khojanA par3atA hai| eka vyakti bImAra hai| vaha vaidya, DaoNkTara, prAkRtika cikitsaka, Adi alaga-alaga cikitsakoM ke pAsa jAegA to ve ukta roga kA kAraNa bhI alaga-alaga btaayeNge| phira jyotiSI, mAMtrika-tAMtrika, manazcikitsaka Adi ke pAsa jAegA to ve bhI apane-apane DhaMga se bImArI kA kAraNa btaaeNge| eka hI roga ke vibhinna kAraNa vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se batAye jaaeNge| sambhava hai, ve ukta roga ke nivAraNa ke lie apane-apane tarIke se upacAra bhI kreN| parantu kaI bAra aisA hotA hai ki vibhinna prakAra ke sabhI sambhava upacAra karane para bhI vaha roga nahIM mitttaa| usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ye sabhI roga-pratIkAraka vibhinna vyakti roga ke kevala bAhya kAraNoM ko hI batA pAte haiM, jo unake granthoM meM likhe hote haiN| roga ke Antarika kAraNa kI taha meM ve nahIM pahu~ca paate| isIlie eka prAcIna zloka prasiddha hai "vaidyA vadanti kapha-mAruta-pittakopam, jyotirvido grahagaNasya phala vdnti| bhUtAbhiSaga iti bhUtavido vadantiH / prAcInakarma balavad munayo vdnti||" vibhinna vaidyoM se jAkara pUchege to ve zarIragata vAta, pitta yA kapha kA vikRta-kupita honA btlaaeNge| jyotiSiyoM se pUchane para ve viparIta grahagati btaaeNge| bhUtavAdI kaheMge-tuma bhUtAviSTa ho gae ho, yA tuma para bhUta-preta kI chAyA par3a gaI hai| isI prakAra vibhinna paithiyoM ke DAkTaroM meM koI kITANuoM ke kAraNa, koI zarIra meM vijAtIya dravya ikaTe hone ke kAraNa tathA koI amuka lavaNa kI kamI ke kAraNa, athavA haDDI vizeSajJa amuka haDDiyoM kA santulana ThIka na hone ke kAraNa aura raMga cikitsA zAstrI (Colour therapist) zarIragata vibhinna raMgoM kI hAni-vRddhi hone ke kAraNa ukta roga kA honA btlaaeNge| parantu karmazAstra-vizeSajJa munivara roga kA antaraMga kAraNa batAyeMge-pUrvakRta karmoM kA vipAka; athavA pUrvabaddha azubha (asAtAvedanIya) karmoM kA udy| karmazAstra pratyeka acchI-burI ghaTanA ke mUla (antaraMga) kAraNa ko abhivyakta karatA hai| roga bhI eka ghaTanA hai, usakA antaraMga kAraNa koI na koI pUrvakRta azubha AcaraNa hai, jisake kAraNa karmabandha huA hai, aura usI prAk-baddha karma kA phala isa roga ke rUpa meM vyakti ko mila rahA hai| ataH For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmazAstroM dvArA karmavAda kA adhyAtmamUlaka sarvakSetrIya vikAsa 293 karmazAstra kisI bhI acche-bure pariNAma kI-kArya kI paSThabhUmi kI vAstavika khoja karanA sikhAtA hai| jIva kI jo bhI vartamAna-kAlika avasthA hai, athavA usakI AkRti, prakRti, vyavahAra yA AcaraNa hai, vaha aisA kyoM hai ? isake samAdhAna ke lie karmazAstra usake mUla udma-utsa kI khoja karane kI preraNA detA hai| karmazAstra prAyaH mukhya-mukhya vRttiyoMpravRttiyoM ke, bhinna-bhinna paristhitiyoM ke bAhya kAraNoM yA bAhya nimittoM para doSAropaNa na karake athavA usI meM ekAnta AgrahI na banakara unake antaraMga kAraNa ko DhUMDhane kI preraNA detA hai| vaha zvAnavRtti kI nahIM, siMhavRtti kI preraNA detA hai; apane upAdAna (AtmA) ko gaharAI se TaTolane kA sujhAva detA hai| karmazAstra dvArA dharmadhyAna kA nirdeza ___ jainAgamoM meM dharmadhyAna ke cAra prakAra batAe gae haiM-(1) AjJAvicaya, (2) apAyavicaya, (3) vipAkavicaya aura (4) sNsthaanvicy|' ina cAroM kA karmavAda se sambandha hai| AjJA se matalaba hai-jinAjJA kaa| jinAjJAsammata kArya karane se azubhakarma kA bandha nahIM hotA aura na karane se hotA hai| para jinAjJA kina kAryoM ke lie hai ? isI prakAra saMsthAna-vicaya meM loka ke samasta saMsthAna aura usakI vibhinna gatiyoM, yoniyoM meM utpanna hone kA cintana bhI karmavAda se sambandhita hai| SadravyAtmaka loka kA cintana karanA bhI usakA eka aMga hai| parantu karmavAda se prabala sambandha vipAkavicaya aura apAya-vicaya kA hai| vipAka kA artha hai-karma kA pariNAmaphala aura apAya kA artha hai-koI na koI aniSTa kaarnn| karmazAstra batAtA hai ki jaba koI vipAka-pariNAma-phala sAmane hai, to usakA koI na koI kAraNa bhI honA caahie| vipAka vartamAna kSaNa kA pAka-phala hai, aura apAya usa vipAka ke pIche rahA huA hetu hai-kAraNa hai, jo dIrghakAlika atIta hai| ina donoM kI khoja karmavAda ke sandarbha meM sAtha-sAtha calatI hai| tathyoM kI athavA kisI ghaTanA yA AcaraNa Adi kAryoM kI jAnakArI ke lie, karmazAstra sudUra dIrghakAlika atIta ko dekhanA Avazyaka batAtA hai| atIta ko samajhe binA, vartamAna ke vipAka, pariNAma tyA kArya ko samajhanA atIva duSkara hai| ataH sarvaprathama atIta ko dekhanA anivArya hai, kyoMki atIta kA pariNAma hI vartamAna banatA hai| dharmadhyAna kA ullekha karmazAstroM meM karmoM 1. (ka) dhamme jhANe cauvvihe paNNatte tajahA-ANAvijae, avAyavijae, . vivAgavijae, sNtthaannvije|' -vyAkhyAprajJapti za. 25 u.7 / (kha) AjJApAyavipAkasaMsthAnavicayAyadharmyam / -tattvArthasUtra a. 9, sU. 36 For Personal & Private Use Only

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294 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) ko kSaya karane ke sandarbha meM hai| vizeSataH vipAka-vicaya aura apAyavicaya, ina donoM ko bhalIbhAMti samajha lenA hI karma kA marma samajha lenA hai, jise karmazAstra batalAtA hai| dUsarI dRSTi se socA jAe to karmazAstra adhyAtmazAstra kA sahacara hai, athavA donoM anyonyAzrita haiN| donoM kA eka dUsare ke binA kArya nahIM cala sktaa| adhyAtma-sAdhanA kA uddezya bhI yahI hai ki kisI bhI pariNAma-phala yA vartamAna avasthA ke anAdi (atItakAlika) hetu ko. khojanA aura usakA anta karanA hai| kisI bhI AcaraNa yA vyavahAra ke pIche, athavA AcaraNa yA vyavahAra kI asvAbhAvikatA (asAdhAraNatA) ke pIche jo bhI kAraNa yA hetu hai, use khojane ke liye prerita karanA adhyAtmazAstra ke sahAyaka ke rUpa meM karmazAstra kA kAma hai| akele adhyAtmazAstra se yaha kArya nahIM ho sktaa| karmazAstra isase bhI Age bar3hakara yaha karatA hai ki jo kAraNa vyakti ke AcaraNa yA. vyavahAra meM visaMgati, viSamatA yA asvAbhAvikatA paidA karatA hai, ekarUpatA, samarasatA yA samatulyatA (santulana) nahIM rahane detA, usa hetu yA kAraNa kA anta kaise-kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? isa tathya kA anveSaNa karanA karmazAstra kA uddezya hai|| niSkarSa yaha hai karmazAstra kArya-kAraNa bhAva kI samyak mImAMsA karake jIva ko ukta pUrvakRta karmarUpa kAraNa se mukta hone yA usakA anta karane kI preraNA detA hai| isake atirikta dhyAna, dhAraNA, cittasamAdhi, samatA, AtmazAnti, Atmabala, santoSa, Atmika Ananda evaM samyagjJAna Adi yogazAstra ke mukhya pratipAdya viSayoM kA varNana bhI karmazAstra karmakSaya karake AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM kA vikAsa karane ke sandarbha meM karatA hai| yogazAstra meM cittavRttinirodha ke sandarbha meM tathA mAnasazAstra meM manovijJAna ke sandarbha meM mana ke pUre vizleSaNa evaM mana kI sUkSma se sUkSma prakriyAoM aura pravRttiyoM kI jAnakArI dI gaI hai, jabaki karmazAstra mana kI gahanatama avasthA ke kAraNoM kI mImAMsA karake una kAraNoM se hone vAle pariNAmoM kA vizleSaNa karane ke sAtha-sAtha ukta kAraNoM ke nivAraNa kA pUrNa upAya batAkara, mana-vacana-kAyA kI pravRtti kA pUrNa nirodha (yoganirodha) batAtA hai aura AtmA kI pUrNazuddha niSkampa avasthAparamAtmabhAvApanna dazA kA varNana karatA hai| isa prakAra karmazAstra nAnAvidha adhyAtmazAstrIya vicAroM kI khAna hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda para prahAra aura parihAra 295 karmavAda para prahAra aura parihAra) yadyapi karmavAda manovijJAna, darzana, dharmaparamparA, bhautika vijJAna, zarIrazAstra, mAnasazAstra, zikSaNazAstra Adi sabhI pahaluoM se yukti, pramANa, anubhava Adi ke AdhAra para siddha siddhAnta hai| vizva kI samasta vyavasthAoM, vicitratAoM, prANiyoM kI vividha manodazAoM, zArIrika avasthAoM, bauddhika vibhinnatAoM Adi ke sambandha meM yukti, tarka, pramANa aura anubhava ke AdhAra para karmavAda ko prastuta karatA hai| Adhunika yuga kI vibhinna samasyAoM aura vyavasthAoM kA samAdhAna bhI jainadarzana karmavAda kI dRSTi se karatA hai| phira bhI "muNDe-muNDe matirbhinnA, tuNDe-tuNDe sarasvatI, mukhemukhe navA vANI" isa prAcIna lokokti ke anusAra vizva meM pratyeka vyakti ke mastiSka meM buddhi aura vicArazakti kI bhinnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai, pratyeka vyakti ke vidyAdhyayana, vidvattA, pANDitya athavA zikSA-dIkSA meM bhI antara pAyA jAtA hai aura vastu tattva ko prakaTa karane kI zailI, tathya ko prastuta karane kI vANI, aura saMsAra kI vibhinnatAoM ke kAraNoM ko abhivyakta karane ke kathana meM paryApta vibhinnatA bhI pratIta hotI hai| jainadarzana dvArA mAnya, sarvajJa tIrthakaroM dvArA vividha pahaluoM dvArA pallavita-vikasita karmavAda jaise siddhAnta para bhI Izvara ko sRSTi-kartA yA preraka mAnane vAle darzanoM, dharma-sampradAyoM athavA mata-panyoM ke kucha AkSepa hai| ve.AkSepa dUsare pakSa para zAntipUrvaka vicAra-vimarza na karake aikAntika, aura svakathana hI satya ke haThAgrahamUlaka ho jAte haiM, taba ve zAbdika prahAra kA rUpa le lete haiN| jaba ekAnta-Agrahavaza manuSya apane vicAroM ko hI satya mAnakara tathA apanI hI bAta ko khIMca-tAnakara siddha karane para tula jAtA hai, apane hI pakSa ke samarthana meM yuktiyoM ko khIMcatA hai, dUsare pakSa kI bAta ko amuka apekSA se sunane-mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM hotA, taba vaha ekAnta khaNDanAtmaka AkSepa, nindA, virodha, vitaNDA aura vidveSa ke zastroM 1. 'pramANamImAMsA' se uddhRta For Personal & Private Use Only

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296 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) ko apanA letA hai| samanvayavAdI jainAcArya haribhadrasUri ke zabdoM meM "AgrahI kudArzanika yuktiyoM ko usI ora khIMcatA hai, jahA~ (jisa viSaya meM) usakI buddhi, abhiprAya yA mata pahale se hI banA hotA hai, kintu anAgrahI, pakSapAta evaM pUrvAgraha se rahita saccA dArzanika apanA mata usI ke anusAra banAtA hai, jahA~ yukti jAtI hai, arthAt-jo yuktisiddha ho pAtA hai|" ataH haThAgrahI vyakti pUrvAgrahagrasta hokara kisI dUsare kI acchI yuktiyukta aura kalyANakArI bAta ko bhI viparItarUpa meM grahaNaM karatA hai| acchI se acchI hitakara evaM yuktisaMgata tathya meM se bhI vaha apanI asamyak-dRSTi dvArA doSa aura truTi DhUMr3hane kA prayatna karatA hai| karmavAda para mukhyataH tIna prahAra jo bhI ho, jainadarzanasammata karmavAda para sRSTikartRtvavAdiyoM dvArA mukhyataH tIna prahAra kiye jAte haiM prathama prahAra-makAna, mahala, ghara, paTa, yaMtra Adi vizva kI choTIbar3I sabhI vastue~ jaba kisI na kisI vyakti dvArA nirmita hotI haiM, taba samagra sRSTi (jagata) jo kAryarUpa dikhAI detI hai, prAkRtika vana, vRkSa, latAe~, phala, phUla, pahAr3a, nadiyA~ tathA kITa, pataMga, pazu, pakSI, mAnava Adi vividha prANigaNa jo dRSTigocara hote haiM, una sabakA bhI koI na koI utpAdaka, nirmAtA yA racayitA honA caahie| vaha utpAdaka Izvara ke sivAya aura koI ho nahIM sktaa| . dvitIya prahAra-sabhI prANI acche hI karma karate hoM, aisA nahIM hai| adhikAMza prANI bure karma bhI karate haiN| acche karmoM kA phala to sabhI cAhate haiM, magara bure karma kA phala koI nahIM caahtaa| aura karma apane Apa meM jar3a hone se kisI cetana kI preraNA ke binA phala dene meM asamartha haiN| aisI sthiti meM karmavAdiyoM ko mAnanA hI cAhie ki Izvara hI prANiyoM ko karmaphala bhogavAne meM kAraNarUpa hai| __ tRtIya prahAra-Izvara kevala eka hI vyakti honA cAhie, jo sadA se mukta ho, aura mukta jIvoM kI apekSA bhI usameM kucha vizeSatA ho| vahI sarvazaktimAna, samartha, nitya, svataMtra, sarvAdhipati evaM sarvajJa ho| isalie karmavAda kA yaha mAnanA ucita nahIM hai, ki karma se chUTa jAne para sabhI jIva 1. AgrahI vata ninISati yukti, tatra yatra matirasya nivissttaa| pakSapAta rahitasya tu yuktiryatra tatra matireti niveshm|| -haribhadrasUri 2. vAdI bhadraM na pazyati For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda para prahAra aura parihAra 297 mukta athavA Izvara ho jAte haiN|' aneka Izvara ho jAne para jagat kI vyavasthA meM gar3abar3ajhAlA paidA ho jaaegii| syAdvAda - maMjarI meM isI Azaya kI eka kArikA bhI hai| ukta prahAroM kA kramazaH parihAra prathama prahAra kA parihAra - yaha jagat anAdikAla se hai, kisI kAla meM nayA nahIM banA hai| hA~, isameM parivartana avazya hote rahe haiM, hote rahate haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI hote rheNge| adhikAMza parivartana aise bhI hote haiM, jinameM manuSya Adi prANivarga kA prayAsa apekSita hotA hai| kaI parivartana aise bhI hote haiM, jinameM kisI ke prayAsa kI apekSA nahIM rhtii| jar3a padArthoM ke vibhinna prakAra ke saMyogoM yA viyogoM se unameM svataH parivartana uSNatA, vega, kriyA hote dekhe jAte haiN| jaise - idhara-udhara se pAnI kA pravAha mila jAne se nadI rUpa meM bahanA; miTTI patthara Adi vastuoM ke ekatrita ho jAne se choTe-bar3e TIle yA parvata kA bana jAnA, evaM bhApa kA pAnI bana jAnA, tathaiva pAnI kA phira se bhAparUpa bana jAnA, samudra se sUryakiraNoM dvArA pAnI khIMcA jAne se AMkAza meM megharUpa bana jAnA aura una bAdaloM kA dharatI para barasanA evaM bhUkampa ho jAnA; ye aura aise kaI parivartana svataH anAyAsa nirmita haiM, jinake nirmANa meM Izvara yA kisI prANI vizeSa kA hAtha nahIM hai| aura phira ghar3A, kapar3A Adi ke nirmANa ke sAtha usakA kartA pratyakSa yA parokSa (anumAna, Agama Adi pramANa) rUpa meM dekhA jAtA hai, magara sRSTi ke yA sRSTi ke ina prAkRtika jar3a padArthoM ke parivartana yA nirmANa ke sAtha kadApi Izvara nAma kA koI cetanAzIla puruSa nahIM dekhA gyaa| bAMdha, pula, sar3aka, mazIneM Adi banatI haiM, unake sAtha to koI na koI nirmANakarttA avazya hI dekhA jAtA hai, athavA par3hA- sunA jAtA hai| isalie Izvara ko sRSTi kA karttA, nirmAtA yA utpAdaka mAnane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM / " dvitIya prahAra kA parihAra - yaha ThIka hai ki karma jar3a haiM, aura koI bhI prANI apane dvArA kiye hue bure karma kA phala nahIM cAhatA, parantu yaha dhyAna * rakhanA cAhie ki jIva (cetana) ke sAtha saMyoga hone se karma meM svataH eka prakAra kI zakti paidA ho jAtI hai; jisase vaha niyata samaya para jIva para acche-bure vipAkoM (zubhAzubhakarmaphaloM) ko prakaTa karatA hai| arthAt - jo 1. karmagrantha bhA. 1 vivecana (paM. sukhalAlajI) se sAbhAra 2. karttA'sti kazcid jagataH sa caikaH, sa sarvagaH sa svavazaH sa nityaH / - syAdvAdamaMjarI 3. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekhiye - ratnAkarAvatArikA, syAdvAdamaMjarI, prameyakamalamArttaNDa, jainadarzana ( DaoN. mahendrakumAra) Adi grantha / For Personal & Private Use Only

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298 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) prANI jaisA aura jisa kisma kA karma karatA hai, use vaisA aura usa kisma kA phala karma ke dvArA hI mila jAtA hai| prANI apane bure karma kA phala cAhe yA na cAhe, usakA phala karma dvArA mila hI jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha-koI prANI jahara khA le, aura phira cAhe ki usakA phala na mile, yaha asambhava hai| jainadarzana-mAnya karmavAda itanA avazya mAnatA hai ki cetana ke sAtha sambandha ke binA jar3a karma phala dene meM samartha nahIM hai| parantu karmavAda kA yaha sayuktika evaM sapramANa kathana hai ki phala dene ke lie IzvararUpa cetana kI preraNA mAnane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / kyoMki sabhI jIva cetana haiN| ve jaisA karma karate haiM, tadanusAra unakI gati-mati bhI vaisI ho jAtI hai| isa kAraNa bure karma kA phala na cAhane para bhI ve aisA kRtya kara baiThate haiM, jisase unheM apane kRtakarma ke anusAra vaisA. hI, usI kisma kA phala mila jAtA hai| isIlie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA : hai-"pahale jaisA bhI kucha (acchA-burA) karma kiyA gayA hai, vaha bhaviSya meM usI rUpa meM phala dene AtA hai|" "jaisA kiyA huA karma, vaisA hI usakA phala bhog|"2 "acche karmoM kA phala acchA hotA hai, aura bure karmoM ko phala burA hotA hai| karma karanA aura usakA phala na cAhanA, ye do alaga-alaga sthitiyA~ haiN| koI vyakti hatyArA, DAkU, cora yA balAtkArI hai, AtatAyI hai, vaha hatyA, DakaitI, corI, balAtkAra Adi duSkarma karake yaha cAhe ki mujhe apane kukRtya kA phala na mile, rAjadaNDa, lokanindA, samAjadaNDa, athavA anta meM paraloka meM bhayaMkara daNDa se maiM baca jAU~, yaha kathamapi sambhava nahIM hai| ihalaukika daNDa se kadAcit vaha baca jAya, parantu pAralaukika daNDa se bacanA duSkara hai| hA~, jisa vyakti ne amuka aparAdha yA duSkarma kiyA hai, vaha vyakti pazcAttApapUrvaka niSpakSa guru ke samakSa apanI AlocanA-nindanA kare, samAja yA sambandhita jana-samUha ke samakSa apanA aparAdha namratApUrvaka sapazcAttApa svIkAra kare aura tadanurUpa prAyazcitta aMgIkAra karake Atmazuddhi kara le to usake ukta duSkarma kA daNDarUpa meM phala use bahuta hI / svalpa milatA hai| isI prakAra zubha phalAkAMkSA ke binA koI bhI satkArya yA paropakAra kA kArya-sevAkArya karatA hai, taba bhI use usakA phala zubha hI milatA hai| 1. 'ja jArisa puvvamakAsi kamma, tameva Agacchati sNpraae|' -sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 2. 'jahAkaDaM kamma, thaasibhaare|' -sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 3. 'suciNNA kammA suciNNaphaMlA bhavaMti, ... duciNNA kammA duciNNaphalA bhvNti|' -aupapAtika sUtra .. .. For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda para prahAra aura parihAra 299 parantu burA karma kare aura phira cAhe ki usakA phala na mile, to kevala na. cAhane se ukta duSkarma kA phala milane se ruka nahIM jaataa| jaise-sAmagrI ikaTThI hone para kArya apane-Apa hone lagatA hai, isI prakAra corI Adi duSkarmoM ke lie vicAra karane, tadanurUpa sAdhana, sahAyaka aura upAya juTAne para, evaM corI ke lie dRDhanizcayapUrvaka cala par3ane para vaha ukta cora dvArA svataH hone lagatI hai| isI prakAra eka vyakti sUrya ke pracaNDa tApa meM khar3A ho, mirca-masAlA bharI huI garma cIja khA rahA ho, aura phira vaha cAhe ki mujhe pAnI kI pyAsa na lage to kyA kisI taraha vaha jalapipAsA ruka sakatI hai ? kadApi nhiiN| isI prakAra duSkarma kA phala na cAhane para bhI cetanAzIla vyakti ke sAtha karma kA saMyoga hone para usakA phala mile binA nahIM rhtaa| yadi IzvarakartRtvavAdI yaha kaheM ki Izvara kI icchA se prerita hokara hI karma apanA phala prANiyoM para pragaTa karate haiM, karma sIdhe hI (Directly) phala nahIM de dete, to yaha kathana bhI yuktiyukta nahIM hai| kisI ne mirca khAne kI kriyA kI, usa samaya kyA mu~ha jalAne Izvara AegA ? use to tatkAla ukta kriyA se hone vAle karma kA phala prApta hotA hai| vAstava meM karma karane ke samaya meM jIva ke pariNAmoM ke anusAra svataH hI usameM aise saMskAra par3a jAte haiM, jinase prerita hokara karmakartA karma kA phala svayameva bhogatA hai| usameM Izvara ko karmaphala bhugavAne ke lie bIca meM DAlane kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| isI tathya kA samarthana bhagavadgItA ne kiyA hai|' ___agara Izvara pratyeka prANI ke prati dina aura prati rAtri meM hone vAle hajAroM-lAkhoM karmoM kA phala dene lagegA, to use saMsAra ke ananta-ananta jIvoM ke karmoM kA lekhA-jokhA rakhanA par3egA, phira phala ke viSaya meM socane, phala bhugavAne, tathA jIva dvArA phala bhogate samaya bhI pariNAmoM ke anusAra baMdhane vAle karmoM kA phala bhugavAne meM Izvara ko itanA samaya kahA~ milegA? phira vaha apane ananta jJAna-darzana-anantazakti aura AnandarUpa parama Atmika aizvarya se rahita ho jaaegaa| usa para nAnA prakAra ke AkSepa bhI Ae~ge, vaha sAMsArika prANiyoM kI taraha karmoM se lipta hokara phira janma-maraNa rUpa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karane lgegaa| ataH jIva karma karane meM 1. na kartRtvaM na karmANi lokasya sRjati prabhu / . na karma-phala-saMyoga, svabhAvastu prvrtte|| -bhagavadgItA a. 5 zlo. 14 prabhu (Izvara) loka (jagata) ke kartRtva aura karmoM kA sRjana nahIM karatA, na hI karmaphala kA saMyoga karAtA hai| yaha jagat apane svabhAvAnusAra pravRtta hotA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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300 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) jaise svataMtra hai, vaise hI karmaphala bhogane meM bhI svataMtra hI rahatA hai, Izvara kA vahA~ koI hastakSepa nahIM hotaa| mukta Izvara ko karmaphala bhugavAne ke prapaMca meM DAlanA ucita nhiiN| tIsare prahAra kA parihAra-Izvara bhI cetana hai aura jIva bhI cetana hai| phira unameM antara hI kyA hai ? antara kevala itanA hI ho sakatA hai ki Izvara kI sabhI zaktiyA~ pUrNarUpa se vikasita haiM jabaki jIva kI sarvazaktiyA~ karma ke AvaraNoM se AcchAdita haiN| jaba jIva apane jJAnAdi ratnatraya meM samyak puruSArtha dvArA apane karmAvaraNoM ko dUra kara detA hai, taba usakI samagra Atmika zaktiyA~ pUrNa rUpa se vikasita-abhivyakta ho jAtI haiN| phira jIva aura Izvara meM viSamatA aura taratamatA kisa bAta kI raha . gaI ? viSamatA aura taratamatA kA kAraNa to aupAdhika karma haiN| jaisepUrNarUpa se prakAzita madhyAhna ke sUrya ke prakAza aura Atapa ko bAdala cAhe jitanA AcchAdita aura manda kara deM, phira bhI bAdaloM ke haTate hI sUrya punaH pUrNarUpa se prakAzita ho uThatA hai, vaise hI samagra zaktiyoM se paripUrNa sAMsArika AtmA bhI karmoM ke bAdaloM se kitanA hI AvRta ho jAe, kintu samyagjJAnAdi ratnatraya evaM tapa, saMyama ke kAraNa karmameghoM kA AvaraNa haTate hI vaha apanI zuddha aura pUrNa prakAzayukta avasthA meM A jAtI hai| sone meM se maila nikAla diyA jAe to phira malina sone ko zuddha sonA hone meM koI saMdeha nahIM raha jaataa| isI taraha AtmA meM se karmamala ko dUra karane para zuddha AtmA hI paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| aupAdhika karmoM ke haTane para bhI yadi viSamatA banI rahI to phira karma-mukti kI sAdhanA kisa kAma kI ? vaha mukti hI kyA, jo karmamukta ho jAne para bhI AtmA ko punaH viSamatAmaya saMsAra meM DAla de| isalie yaha mAnane meM kisI prakAra kI saiddhAntika bAdhA yA Apatti nahIM hai, ki karmoM se mukta ho jAne para sabhI jIva mukta paramAtmA (Izvara) ho jAte haiN| yukti-pramANa-viruddha korI kalpanA yA gatAnugatikatA athavA andhaparamparA ke AdhAra para yaha pratipAdana karanA ki Izvara eka hI honA cAhie, kathamapi ucita nahIM hai| AtmAe~ ananta haiM, aura ve sabhI svarUpa evaM tattva kI dRSTi se Izvara hI haiN| isIlie 'bRhadAloyaNA' meM kahA gayA hai siddhA jaiso jIva hai, jIva sohI siddha hoy| karmamaila kA AntarA, bUjhe viralA koya // saMsAra meM ananta-ananta AtmAe~ (jIva) haiM, kevala karma-bandhanarUpa upAdhi ke kAraNa ve choTe-bar3e, vibhinna rUpoM meM sAMsArika dRSTigocara hotI For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda para prahAra aura parihAra 301 haiN| yaha siddhAnta saMsAra ke samasta jIvoM (AtmAoM) ko apane meM suSupta evaM pracchanna-AvRta Izvaratva - paramAtmatva pragaTa karane kA pUrNa utsAha evaM bala pradAna karatA hai| aura tadanurUpa samyak puruSArtha karane kI preraNA detA hai| atIta meM bhI karmavAda ke isa siddhAnta ke anusAra ananta - ananta mAnavAtmA svakIya samyak puruSArtha dvArA siddha-buddha-mukta paramAtmA (Izvara) hue haiM, bhaviSya meM bhI hoMge, aura vartamAna meM bhI mahAvidehakSetra meM ho rahe haiN| sRSTikartRtva evaM ekezvaratva kA samanvayAtmaka samAdhAna jainadarzana ke prakhara puraskarttA AcArya haribhadrasUri ne Izvara (paramAtmA) ke viSaya meM jaina, vaidika donoM dharmadhArAoM kA samanvayAtmaka zloka diyA hai| usakA bhAvArtha yaha hai ki ' AtmA hI (nizcayadRSTi se ) ananta jJAna-darzana-Ananda- zaktirUpa parama Atmika aizvarya se yukta hone ke kAraNa Izvara mAnA gayA hai| vaha nizcayadRSTi se to apane jJAnAdicatuSTaya rUpa svabhAva kA karttA- bhoktA hai, aura vyavahAradRSTi se jo jIvanmukta (aghAtikarmayukta) Izvara athavA aSTakarmayukta baddha Izvara hai, vaha apane zubha-azubha karmoM kA karttA-bhoktA hai| ise hI dUsare zabdoM meM hama kaha sakate haiM, - siddha, mukta evaM baddha tInoM prakAra ke Izvara apanI-apanI sRSTi ke karttA - bhoktA haiN| aura ye tInoM prakAra ke Izvara akele-akele (ekAkI) hI apanI sRSTi ke karttA-bhoktA tathA karmakSayakarttA haiN| isa apekSA se Izvara-kartRtvavAda evaM aikezvaravAda, donoM hI siddhAntoM kA samanvaya evaM sAmaMjasya sthApita ho gyaa| isa prakAra 'karmavAda' para jo jo AkSepa the, una sabakA yathAyogya samAdhAna evaM samanvaya jainadarzana ne kiyA hai| 1. pAramaizvarya - yuktatvAt Atmaiva mata IzvaraH / sa ca karteti nirdoSaM, kartRvAdovyavasthitaH // - zAstravArtAsamuccaya stavaka 3, zlo. 14 -uttarAdhyayana 20/37 2. appA kattA vikattA ya duhANa ya suhANa ya / For Personal & Private Use Only

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302 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) karmavAda ke astitva - virodhI vAda - 1 karmavAda ko cunautI dene vAle chaha vAda jainadarzana ne vizva kI vividhatAoM, vicitratAoM tathA vibhinnatAoM ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM karmavAda ko prastuta kiyA hai / parantu vizva kI racanA evaM pariNamanarUpa ghaTanA kI vicitratA ke kAraNoM ke sambandha meM aneka vAda dRSTigocara hote haiN| aupaniSadika yuga se pUrvakAla meM vaidika manISiyoM ne isa vicitratAmayI sRSTi, vaiyaktika vibhinnatAoM, prANI kI vibhinna sukhaduHkhajanaka anubhUtiyoM tathA zubhAzubha pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa kI khoja eka yA aneka devavAda, yajJavAda aura brahmavAda meM kii| unakI khoja kA mukhya AdhAra bAhya thaa| Rgveda se bhI yaha pragaTa nahIM hotA ki usa samaya vizvavaicitrya arthAt-jIvasRSTi ke vaicitrya ke nimitta ke kAraNa para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA ho| upaniSadakAla se sRSTi kI pUrvokta vividhatAoM kA samAdhAna karane ke lie vibhinna dArzanikoM evaM vicArakoM ne apane- apane mantavya evaM dRSTikoNa prastuta kiye haiM / isa viSaya kA sarvaprathama ullekha zvetAzvataropaniSad' meM milatA hai| vahA~ prazna kiyA gayA hai ki isa vizvavaicitrya kA kyA kAraNa hai ? kahA~ se hama saba utpanna hue haiM? kisake bala para hama saba jIvita haiM ? hama kahA~ sthita haiM ? apane sukha - duHkha meM kisake adhIna hokara hama pravRtta hote haiM ? uttara diyA gayA--"kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA, pRthvI Adi (paMcabhUta) aura puruSa ye jagat ke kAraNa (yoni - utpatti ke mUla) haiM, yaha cintanIya hai| ina sabakA saMyoga bhI kAraNa nahIM hai| sukha - duHkha hetu hone se AtmA bhI jagat ko utpanna karane meM asamartha hai| " isa zloka se spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki usa samaya ke cintaka vizvavaicitrya ke kAraNa kI khoja meM tatpara ho gae the kintu ve kisI eka 1. 'kAlaH svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA, bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyam / saMyoga eSAM na svAtmabhAvAdAtmA'pyanIzaH sukha-duHkhahetoH // ' - zvetAzvataropaniSad 1 / 1/2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke astitva - virodhI vAda - 1 303 nirNaya para nahIM pahu~ca sake the ki kAla Adi meM se kauna-sA vAda mAnA jAe? isalie unhoMne isa upaniSad meM ina saba vAdoM ke alaga-alaga nAma ginAkara inameM se kisI eka ko athavA sabake saMyoga ko mAnane vAle vAdoM kA pratipAdana mAtra kiyA hai, apanA nirNaya nahIM diyA hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki vizvavaicitrya kI vyAkhyA usa samaya ke cintaka apaneapane dRSTakoNa se karate the| yaha to nizcita hai ki pratyeka kArya kA koI na koI kAraNa avazya hotA hai| vizva racanA yA vizvavaicitryarUpa kArya (pariNAma) ke pIche bhI koI na koI kAraNa avazya honA caahie| yadyapi jainadarzana meM vizvavaicitrya kI vyAkhyA karmavAda ke AdhAra para kI gaI, tathApi nimnokta pA~ca kAraNoM (vAda) para vicAra karanA anivArya batAyA hai- (1) kAla, (2) svabhAva, (3) niyati, (4) karma aura (5) puruSArtha / ekAntavAda mithyA hai ina vAdoM ke puraskartAoM ne apane-apane vAda ko hI pradhAnatA dii| ina pA~coM vAdoM kA paraspara bhayaMkara saMgharSa rhaa| phalataH ina sabhI ne paraspara eka-dUsare ke vAda kA khaNDana aura apane mAne hue vAda ke dvArA hI kAryasiddhi kA maNDana kiyA / isalie apane-apane vAda ke ekAnta Agraha ke kAraNa ye sabhI vAda ekAMgI ho gae; kyoMki ye prANiyoM ke sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa ekAMgI rUpa se batAte haiM / zvetAzvataropaniSad ke alAvA, sUtrakRtAMga, sanmatitarka, mahAbhArata, gommaTasAra, aMguttaranikAya, bhagavadgItA evaM mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva Adi meM bhI kAla Adi vAdoM ke sambandha meM carcA upalabdha hotI hai| kAlavAda-mImAMsA . zvetAzvatara upaniSad Adi meM ukta vAdoM meM kAlavAda prAcIna pratIta hotA hai| atharvaveda meM eka kAlasUkta hai, usameM batAyA gayA hai ki kAla ne pRthvIko utpanna kiyaa| kAla ke AdhAra para sUrya tapatA hai / kAla ke AdhAra para hI samasta bhUta rahate haiN| kAla ke kAraNa hI netra dekhate haiM / kAla hI Izvara hai| vaha prajApati kA bhI pitA hai| isa prakAra kAla ko samagra sRSTi kA mUlAdhAra mAnA gayA hai| kAla ko samasta prANiyoM ke sRjana-saMhArAdi kA kAraNa batAte hue 'mahAbhArata' meM bhI kahA gayA hai - "kAla hI samasta 1. atharvaveda kAlasUkta 19/53-54 2. kAlaH sRjati bhUtAni kAlaH saMharate prajAH / kAlaH supteSu jAgarti, kAlo hi duratikramaH // For Personal & Private Use Only - mahAbhArata 1/248

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304 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) bhUtoM (prANiyoM) kA sRjana karatA hai, vahI saMhAra karatA hai, sabhI ke so jAne para bhI kAla jAgrata rahatA hai| kAla duratikrama hai|" mahAbhArata ke Adiparva (1/272-276) meM kAlavAda ke mahatva kA vistRta vivecana hai| jagat ke samasta bhAva, abhAva, sukha aura duHkha kAlamUlaka haiN| kAla hI saMsAra ke sAre zubhAzubha vikAroM-atIta-anAgata-vartamAna bhAvavikAroM kA utpAdaka evaM kAraNa hai| yaha duratikrama mahAkAla jagat kA Adi-kAraNa hai| usameM yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki karma athavA yajJa-yAgAdi anuSThAna. yA kisI puruSa dvArA manuSya ko sukha-duHkha prApta nahIM hotA, apitu kAla dvArA hii| prANI saba kucha prApta karatA hai| samagra kAryoM meM kAla hI samAna rUpa se kAraNa hai| tathA kAla hI vizva kI vicitratA kA mUla kAraNa hai, yahI samagra jIvasRSTi ke jIvana-maraNa Adi kA AdhAra hai, ityaadi| dArzanika kAla meM naiyAyika Adi dArzanikoM ne jagat ke prANiyoM ke janaka ke rUpa meM IzvarAdi kAraNoM ke sAtha kAla ko bhI sAdhAraNa kAraNa mAnA hai| ___gommaTasAra' meM kAla ko saba kI utpatti aura vinAza kA tathA sote hue prANiyoM ko jagAne kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM kahA gayA hai-baTaloI Adi sAdhanoM ke hone para bhI anukUla kAla ke binA mUMga bhI paka nahIM skte| tathA jIvoM kA garbha meM praveza, kisI avasthA (vaya Adi) kI prApti evaM zubhAzubha kA anubhava Adi samasta ghaTanAe~ kAla para nirbhara haiN| kAla ke prabhAva se hI saMsAra kA pratyeka kArya (kriyA) ho rahA hai| jisa vastu, bAta yA banAva kA samaya paka jAtA hai, tabhI vaha vastu, bAta yA banAva banatA hai| samaya Ane para hI amuka vastu paidA hotI hai, aura samaya pUrA hote hI naSTa ho jAtI hai| bAlaka yA bAlikA amuka mAsa ke hone para hI bolane lagate haiM, janmate hI to ve sirpha ro sakate haiN| amuka vaya hone para hI bAlaka svayaM cala-phira sakatA hai, janma hone ke bAda zIghra hI vaha cala-phira nahIM sktaa| amuka varSa kA hone para hI puruSa ke dAr3hI-mUMche AtI haiN| dUdha meM 1. mahAbhArata, zAntiparva adhyAya 25, 28, 32, 33 Adi 2. janyAnAM janakaH kAlaH, jagatAmAzrayo mtH| -nyAya-siddhAnta-muktAvalI kA. 45 3. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) gAthA 879 4. (ka) kiJca kAlAdRte naiva mudgpktirpiikssyte| sthAlyAdi-saMnidhAne'pi, tataH kAlAdasau mtaa|| -zAstravArtA samuccaya 2/55 (kha) zAstravArtA samuccaya 2/165 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke astitva - virodhI vAda- 1 305 chAcha kA jAbaNa DAlane ke bAda amuka kAla ke bAda hI usakA dahI jamatA hai| vRkSa meM phala bhI amuka samaya ke bAda hI pakatA hai, pahale nahIM / kAla ke pake binA svabhAva, puruSArtha, niyati Adi bhI kucha nahIM kara skte| acche-bure karmoM kA phala bhI turaMta nahIM milatA, yogya samaya Ane para hI unakA phala prApta hotA hai| grISma Rtu meM sUrya tapatA hai aura zIta Rtu meM ThaMDa par3atI hai| grISma Rtu meM barpha aura varSA nahIM pdd'tii| kaI bAra manuSya ke dvArA prayatna karane para bhI kArya nahIM hotA, vaha samaya Ane para hI yathAyogya DhaMga se ho jAtA hai| satayuga, tretA, dvApara aura kaliyuga athavA utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI kAlacakra ke chaha-chaha Are, tathA usa usa samaya janatA ke bhAva kAla ke AdhAra para parivartita hote rahate haiN| akAla meM koI bhI vastu nahIM bntii| samaya Aye binA usa vastu ko banAne kA cAhe jitanA prayatna kiyA jAe nahIM banatI, pratyuta sArI mehanata bekAra jAtI hai| ataH koI kArya banane, na banane kA kAraNa kAla hai| samaya paka jAne para usa vastu ke banane ko koI roka nahIM sktaa| akAla meM Ama nahIM pakate / mosaMbI, aMjIra Adi phala tathA cane, gehU~ Adi anna sardiyoM meM hI hote haiN| moTha, bAjarI caumAse meM hI hotI hai / . bhAratavarSa meM basanta, grISma, varSA, zarada, hemanta aura zizira ye chaha Rtue~ apane-apane samaya para hI AtI haiN| dina ke bAda rAtri aura rAtri ke bAda punaH dina AtA hai| amuka samaya hone para hI sUrya aura candramA, nakSatra aura tAre gaganamaNDala meM udita hote haiN| bAlyAvasthA, yuvAvasthA aura vRddhAvasthA kAla kI mahattA ko hI ujAgara kara rahI haiN| jIvana ke ina tIna par3AvoM meM usa-usa avasthA meM yogya bhAva, hArdika vikAsa, bauddhika bala evaM zaktiyoM kA vikAsa-hrAsa bhI kAla kA hI AbhArI hai| vastue~ galatI haiM, sar3atI haiM, vidhvasta hotI haiM, unakA raMga-rUpa badala jAtA hai, unakI kAryakSamatA bhI uttarottara kama ho jAtI hai, isameM kAla hI kAraNa banatA hai| pratyeka caubIsI meM caubIsa tIrthaMkara tathA bAraha cakravartI hote haiM, ve bhI apane-apane samaya meM Ate haiN| usI samaya meM hote haiN| avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNIkAla ke amuka-amuka Are meM hI ye hote haiM, anya AroM meM ye janma nahIM lete| niSkarSa yaha hai ki samasta kriyAoM, ghaTanAoM, banAvoM tathA samagra bhAva aura vinAza kA kAraNa sirpha kAla hai| kAla ke sivAya anya kAraNa yojanA nirarthaka bauddhikaM vyAyAma karanA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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30.6 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) kAlavAda kA nirAkaraNa zAstravArtAsamuccaya' tathA mATharavRtti kArikA meM kiyA gayA hai| svabhAvavAda - -mImAMsA svabhAvavAda bhI apane anUThe tarka aura dRSTikoNa prastuta karatA hai| svabhAvavAda kA kahanA hai ki jagat meM jo kucha bhI kArya ho rahe haiM, ve saba padArthoM ke apane-apane svabhAva ke prabhAva se ho rahe haiN| isameM kAla, niyati, karma Adi kyA kara sakate haiM? Ama kI guThalI meM hI Ama kA vRkSa aura phala hone kA svabhAva hai, nIma kI nimbolI meM Ama kA vRkSa yA phala hone kA svabhAva nahIM hai| isalie nimbolI meM hI nIma kA per3a aura phala hone kA svabhAva hai| gannA mIThA aura nIma tathA karelA Adi svabhAva se hI kar3ave kyoM hote haiM? isameM unakA apanA-apanA svabhAva hI kAraNa hai| sUrya aura agni svabhAva se garma haiM, candramA zItala hai, kyA kAla, niyati yA karma inheM ThaMDA yA garma karate haiM? inakA svabhAva hI vaisA hai| barpha kA svabhAva hI ThaMDA hai| kyA kAla use garma kara sakatA hai ? kAla hajAroM varSoM taka maMDarAtA rahe to bhI vaTavRkSa para Ama kA phala, gulAba ke paudhe para campA, camelI Adi ke phUla utpanna nahIM kara sktaa| sabhI vastue~, sabhI prANI aura sabhI ghaTanAe~ apane- apane svabhAva ko lekara hotI haiN| svabhAva na ho to kAla becArA kyA kara sakatA hai ? koI bhI dravya apanA svabhAva nahIM chor3atA, isameM kAla kA kyA kAma hai ? jisakA jaisA svabhAva hotA hai, vaisA hI usakA pariNAma yA paripAka hotA hai| prakAza kI prakAzakartrI zakti, andhakAra kI andhakArazakti tathA vAyu kI apratibaddha evaM adRzya gativAhanazakti svabhAva kI hI AbhArI hai| parvata kA sthira rahanA, havA kA calanA, nadI aura jharane kA bahanA, samudra meM uttAla taraMgeM uThanA, sarovara ke jala kA zAnta rahanA Adi saba svabhAva ke kAraNa hI haiN| kyA kAla inheM vaisA banAtA hai ? kASTha cAhe jitanA bar3A yA bhArI bharakama kyoM na ho, pAnI para taira jAtA hai aura lohe kA choTA-sA Tukar3A pAnI meM DAlane para DUba jAtA hai, 1. (ka) zAstravArtAsamuccaya 252-9 (kha) mATharavRtti, kA. 31 svabhAvavAda - bodhaka nimnokta zloka prasiddha haiMnityasattva bhavatyanye, nityAsattvAzca kecana / vicitrAH kecidityatra tatsvabhAvo niyAmakaH // agniruSNo jala zIta, samasparzastathAnilaH / kenedaM citritaM tasmAt svbhaavaattdvyvsthitiH|| 2. For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke astitva-virodhI vAda-1 307 isI prakAra tumbA pAnI para taira jAtA hai aura patthara pAnI meM DUba jAtA hai, ina sabameM svabhAva kA hI camatkAra hai, kAla isameM kyA kara sakatA hai ? gommaTasAra, buddhacarita aura sUtrakRtAMga TIkA meM kahA gayA hai-babUla Adi ke kAMToM ko kauna tIkhA (nukIlA) karatA hai ? mRga, mora tathA anya pakSiyoM ko vicitra raMgoM se kauna citrita karatA hai ? ina sabakA ekamAtra kAraNa svabhAva hai| ataH isa saSTi kI vicitratA yA racanA kA anya koI Izvara, kAla Adi kAraNa nahIM dikhtaa| vizva meM saba kucha svabhAva se nirhetuka hotA hai, dUsare ke prayatna yA icchA ko isameM avakAza nahIM hai|' __gItA aura mahAbhArata meM bhI svabhAvavAda kA ullekha hai| svabhAvavAdI jagat kI pratyeka ghaTanA, kArya, gatividhi, pragati yA racanA Adi ko svabhAvamUlaka mAnatA hai| vaha jagat kI vicitratA kA koI niyAmaka yA kartA nahIM maantaa| zAstravAsimuccaya meM svabhAvavAda kA pakSa prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai-jIva kA garbha meM praviSTa honA, vividha avasthAoM ko prApta karanA, zubha-azubha anubhavoM kA honA svabhAva ke binA zakya nahIM hai| isalie samasta ghaTanAcakra kA kAraNa svabhAva hI hai| jagat ke sabhI padArtha (bhAva) svabhAvavaza apane-apane sva-bhAva-svarUpa meM usa-usa prakAra se rahate haiM, aura kisI kI icchA ke binA hI phira svabhAva se nivRtta ho jAte hai| kAlAdi ke maujUda rahane para bhI svabhAva ke binA abhISTa kArya nahIM hotaa| eka strI yuvAvasthA meM hai, usakA zarIra bhI svastha aura sazakta hai, pati kA yoga bhI hai, phira bhI santAnotpattirUpa.abhISTa kArya nahIM hotA, kyoMki vaha vandhyA hai| saMtAna rahita rahanA vandhyA kA svabhAva hai| 1. (ka) ko karai kaTayANaM, tiktattaM miy-vihNgmaadiinn| vivihattaM tu sahAo, idi savvaMpi ya shaaotti| -gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) 883 (kha) kaH kaNTakAnAM prakaroti taiSNya, vicitrabhAvaM mRga-pakSiNA c|| - svabhAvataH sarvamidaM pravRttaM na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prytnH?|-suutrkRtaaNg TIkA (ga) buddhacarita 52 tathA 18/31 . 2. (ka) bhagavadgItA 5/14 (kha) mahAbhArata zAntiparva 25/16 3. (ka) zAstravAsimuccaya 2/171-172 (kha) sarve bhAvAH svabhAvena sva-svabhAve tathA tthaa| ... vartante'tha nivartante kAmacAra-parAGmukhAH // -zAstravArtAsamuccaya 2/58 For Personal & Private Use Only

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308 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2), ataH saMsAra meM pratyeka vastu apane-apane mUla svabhAva ke anusAra kArya kara rahI hai| varSA Adi RtuoM meM prAtaHkAla aura sandhyAkAla meM AkAza meM raMga-biraMgeM bAdala chA jAte haiM, unake raMgoM kI vividhatA, navInatA aura AkarSakatA darzaka ko mugdha kara detI hai aura eka ghaMTe ke pazcAt dekho to saba adRzya evaM lupt| kAlAdi kauna citrakAra inheM citrita kara gayA aura bAda meM miTA gayA ? koI nhiiN| ye saba apane svabhAva se hI bane aura svabhAva se hI bigdd'e-bikhre| mogarA, camelI, jAI, jUI, gulAba, campA Adi phUloM ko alaga-alaga * . DijAina, AkRti, sugandhiyA~, raMga-rUpa meM kisane banAe ? aNubama Adi meM pracaNDa zakti kahA~ se AI ? kisane inameM zakti bharI? oNksIjana aura hAIDrojana ke milane para unase pAnI kauna niSpanna karatA hai ? vidyut kA pravAha eka saikaMDa meM lAkhoM mAila taka pahu~ca jAtA hai, kauna ise itanI dUra dhakelatA hai ? inameM svabhAva ke sivAya aura koI kAraNa nahIM hai| usa-usa vastu ke svabhAva para hI yaha saba nirbhara hai| jisakA jaisA svabhAva hotA hai, vaha usI prakAra kAma karatA hai| isake pramANa meM saikar3oM udAharaNa prastuta kiye jA sakate haiN| jaise-sUTha khAne se vaha vAta nAza karatI hai, aura hare khAne se vaha kabja miTAtI hai| isI prakAra kAle koyale para cAhe jitanA sAbuna ragar3o, vaha sapheda nahIM hogA, mUMga ke koraDU ko pAnI meM cAhe jitanA ubAlo, cAhe jitanI A~ca do, vaha kabhI sIjhegA nhiiN| Azaya yaha hai ki koI bhI padArtha apanA svabhAva nahIM chodd'taa| svabhAva kA atikramaNa karanA atIva duSkara hai|' jagat meM jo bhI ghaTita huA hai, hotA hai athavA hogA, usakA AdhAra vastu kA nijasvabhAva hai| svabhAva ke samakSa becAre kAla Adi akiMcitkara ho jAte haiN| mAThara vRtti, nyAyakusumAMjali, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya prabhRti granthoM meM evaM anya aneka dArzanikoM ne svabhAvavAda kA sayuktika nirAkaraNa kiyA yadRcchAvAda-mImAsA yadRcchAvAda kA mantavya hai ki koI bhI ghaTanA niSkAraNa, ahetuka yA -paMcataMtra 1. 'svabhAvo duratikramaH' 2. (ka) mAThara vRtti kA. 61 (kha) nyAya-kusumAMjali 1/5 3. nyAyabhASya 3/2/31 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke astitva-virodhI vAda-1 309 akasmAt hI hotI hai| kisI nizcita kAraNa ke binA hI kArya kI utpatti hotI hai| nyAyasUtrakAra ke anusAra yadRcchAvAda kA mAnanA hai ki animitta hI, arthAt-kisI nimittavizeSa ke binA hI kAMTe kI tIkSNatA ke samAna bhAvoM kI utpatti hotI hai| yadRcchAvAda eka prakAra kA aTakalapaccUvAda hai| manuSya jisa viSaya meM kArya-kAraNa-paramparA kA sAmAnya bodha bhI nahIM kara pAtA, usake sambandha meM vaha 'yadRcchA' kA pallA pakar3atA hai| yadRcchAvAda ke anusAra kisI kArya kA koI bhI kAraNa yA nimitta nahIM khoz2A jaataa| isameM kArya-kAraNabhAva Adi ke viSaya meM koI bhI vicAra nahIM kiyA jaataa| eka prakAra se isake prati upekSA hI hai| isalie yadRcchAvAda ko sarala zabdoM meM akAraNavAda, animittavAda, ahetuvAda, akasmAtvAda yA aTakalapaccUvAda kahA jA sakatA hai| nyAyasUtrakAra ne isa vAda kA nirAkaraNa bhI kiyA hai| mahAbhArata meM bhI yadRcchAvAda kA ullekha hai| ___'kucha loga svabhAvavAda aura yadRcchAvAda ko eka hI mAnate haiM, kintu donoM meM maulika antara yaha hai ki svabhAvavAdI svabhAva ko kAraNarUpa mAnate haiM, jabaki yadRcchAvAdI kAraNa kI sattA se hI inkAra karate haiN|' yadRcchAvAda karmavAda, IzvaravAda evaM niyativAda ke virodha meM prayukta eka pratizabda hai| kintu karmavAda Adi meM to kArya-kAraNabhAva evaM nimitta-naimittika bhAva kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai, yadRcchAvAda meM to kArya-kAraNabhAva aura vaijJAnikatA donoM ke prati bilkula upekSA hai| niyativAda-mImAMsA dArzanika aura dhArmika jagat meM karmavAda ke sthAna meM bahudhA niyativAda chAyA huA hai| niyativAda kA artha bhI aneka prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| isalie yaha vAda kAphI jaTila bana gayA hai| niyati kA eka artha pracalita hai-bhavitavyatA yA honhaar| yaha artha Ama janatA meM vizeSa pracalita hai| niyati ke isa artha ke anusAra usakI vyAkhyA yoM kI gaI hai ki-'jisakA, jisa samaya meM, jahA~, jo honA hai, vaha 1. nyAyasUtra 4/1/22 2. vahI, 4/1/22 3. mahAbhArata zAntiparva 33/23 4. pa. phaNibhUSaNakRta nyAyabhASya kA anuvAda 4/1/24 For Personal & Private Use Only

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310 karma - vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) hotA hI hai; jo nahIM honA hai, vaha usakA, usa samaya, vahA~ nahIM hogaa|' sUtrakRtAMgasUtra kI TIkA meM isa Azaya kA eka zloka bhI uddhRta hai, jisakA bhAvArtha hai--' "manuSyoM ko niyati ke prabala Azraya se jo bhI zubha yA azubha prApta honA hai, vaha avazya hI hogaa| prANI kitanA bhI prayatna kara le, parantu jo nahIM honA hai, vaha nahIM hI hogaa| jo bhavitavya hai, arthAt -- honA hai, use koI miTA nahIM sktaa|" lokatattva' meM isI Azaya kI vyAkhyA milatI hai| zvetAzvatara 'upaniSad' ke sivAya anya upaniSadoM meM isa vAda kA vizeSa vivaraNa nahIM. milatA / nandIsUtra kI TIkA meM eka zloka isa sambandha meM uddhRta hai, jisakA Azaya yaha hai ki samasta jIvoM ke sabhI bhAva niyata rUpa se sthita haiN| isalie usake svarUpAnusAra apanI gati se sabhI kArya niyatijanya hote haiN| gommaTasAra' evaM zAstravArtAsamuccaya' meM niyativAda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA hai - jo bAta jisa samaya, jisa rUpa meM honI hotI hai, vaha usI rUpa meM, usI samaya, usI kAraNa se, usI rUpa meM niyata (nizcita) hI hotI hai| kauna ise rokane meM samartha hai ? ataH bhavitavyatA, honahAra yA avazyambhAvitA ko pratyeka ghaTanA yA sthiti kA kAraNa mAnanA niyativAda kA sarvamAnya pracalita prathama artha hai| niyativAda ke isa artha ke anusAra jo honA hotA hai, vaha avazya hotA hai, usameM manuSya kI dhAraNA, yojanA yA kartRtvakSamatA kI gaNanA kAma nahIM AtI, na hI usameM kAla, svabhAva yA puruSArtha ko koI avakAza hai| vaisA hone kA kAla paka gayA ho, aura usakA svabhAva bhI vaisA hone kA ho, kintu bhavitavyatA (niyati) na ho to vaisA nahIM hotaa| jagat meM pratyeka banAva yA banAne kA AdhAra honahAra para hI hai| eka dRSTi se yaha akasmAt hai, parantu vaha niyata hai, isI taraha se hotA hai, dUsarI taraha se nhiiN| isameM 1. prAptavyo niyatibalAzrayeNa yo'rthaH so'vazyaM bhavati nRNAM zubho'zubho vA / bhUtAnAM mahati kRte'pi prayatnenAbhAvyaM bhavati na bhavino'sti nAzaH // - sUtrakRtAMga TIkA 1/1/2 2. lokatattva a. 29 3. zvetAzvatara upaniSada 1/2 4. niyatenaiva rUpeNa sarve bhAvA bhavanti yat / tato niyatijA hyete tatsvarUpAnuvedhataH // 5. jattu jadA jeNa jahA jassa ya NiyameNa hoti tattu tadA / teNa tahA tassa have idi vAdo NiyadivAdo hu || 6. yad yadaiva yato yAvat, tat tadeva tatastathA / niyataM jAyate nyAyAt ka enAM bAdhituM kSamaH // - nandIsUtra TIkA - gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) 882 - zAstravArtA- samuccaya 2/174 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke astitva - virodhI vAda - 1 311 jarA bhI sandeha nahIM hai / udAharaNArtha-koI vyakti samudra pAra karake sudUra deza kI yAtrA karatA hai, bar3e-bar3e gahana aura bhayAnaka jaMgaloM ko pAra karatA hai, apane zarIra kA lAkhoM prakAra se jatana karatA hai, parantu jo honI hotI hai, vahI hotI hai, anahonI kabhI nahIM hotii| mahAn niSNAta DaoNkTara pandraha - pandraha minaTa meM iMjekzana lagAte hoM, hajAroM sevaka sevA aura paricaryA meM upasthita hoM, parantu jo jIva marane vAlA hotA hai, vaha isa loka se vidA ho hI jAtA hai| dUsarI ora eka vyakti gAr3ha jaMgala meM ho, sudUra para deza yAtrA para ho, usa samaya duHsAdhya roga kA zikAra ho jAe, aura pAsa meM ilAja karane vAlA koI vaidya, DaoNkTara, hakIma athavA paricaryA karane vAlA koI kuTumbIjana na ho, phira bhI mRtyu ke mukha se use bacanA ho to vaha baca hI jAtA hai| hama dekhate haiM ki koI vyakti tIna maMjile makAna se girane para bhI baca jAtA hai, aura koI vyakti kele ke chilake se paira phisalate hI khatma ho jAtA hai| isalie jIva kA jIne kA svabhAva hone para bhI tathA hajAroM prakAra se rakSA ke lie puruSArtha karane para bhI aura kAla dvArA bhI satata jIva ko kavalita karane ke lie udyata hone para bhI pariNAma jo honA hotA hai, vahI hotA hai| honahAra yA bhavitavyatA ko koI miTA nahIM sakatA; usameM kAla, svabhAva yA puruSArtha kA dAva nahIM calatA / ' jagat meM hama dekhate haiM ki jisake viSaya meM socA nahIM thA, vaha apratyAzita, atarkitarUpa se ghaTita ho jAtA hai, aura pahale se socA huA . niSphala ho jAtA hai| duniyA meM eka hI rAta meM zAsana parivartana, pada-parivartana evaM vyaktitva parivartana ho jAtA hai| socA thA eka aura ho jAtA hai dUsarA hI / eka rUpaka dvArA ise samajhiye - eka vRkSa para koyala kekArava kara rahI thii| eka zikArI ne sAmane Akara usa para tIra kA nizAnA taakaa| udhara se use jhapaTane ke lie bAja usake sira para maMDarAne lgaa| agara koyala Upara ur3e to bAja use jhapaTa kara khA jAe aura yadi vaha sAmane ur3e to zikArI use khatma kara de| phira bhI bhavitavyatA usake anukUla hai jisase vaha baca jAtI hai| kyoMki zikArI ke pIche eka viSadhara sarpa baiThA thA, usane zikArI ko Dasa liyA / tIvra vedanAvaza zikArI ke hAtha se tIra chUTa gayA, vaha usa bAz2a ke jA lgaa| zikArI dharatI para par3A aura vahIM usane dama tor3a diyA / 1. niyativAda kA vizeSa varNana dekhiye - 'utthAna' kA mahAvIrAMka pR. 74 (zve. sthA. jaina kaoNnphresa bambaI dvArA prakAzita) For Personal & Private Use Only

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312 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) bAja bhI ghAyala hokara jamIna para gira pdd'aa| koyala yaha suavasara dekhakara vahA~ se ur3a gii| isa prakAra cAroM ora ke saMyoga pratikUla the, phira bhI bacanA ho, taba bhavitavyatA (niyati) ke yoga se bacA jA sakatA hai| brahmadatta cakravartI kI sevA meM do-do hajAra deva upasthita the, phira bhI. bhavitavyatA aisI thI ki eka gopAlaka ne usakI donoM A~kheM phor3a ddaaliiN| . isalie jo honA hotA hai, vaha hue binA rahatA nhiiN| usake na hone meM AsapAsa ke sahAyaka, saMyoga evaM sAdhana bilkula upayogI nahIM hote| do vyakti eka hI roga ke rogI haiM, donoM kA oNparezana kiyA gayA hai, parantu unameM se eka jI jAtA hai, aura dUsarA sepTika ho jAne se maraNa-zaraNa ho jAtA hai| isameM bhI bhavitavyatA (niyati) kAraNa hai| hajAroM prayatna kiye jAe~, aneka vyaktiyoM se satparAmarza, sahAyatA aura sahAnubhUti milane para bhI anta meM jo honahAra hotA hai, vahI hotA hai| isalie kAla, svabhAva yA karma Adi kI apekSA niyati balavAn hotI hai| niyati ke isa artha ke anusAra saMsAra kI pratyeka ghaTanA pahale se hI niyata hai| usameM prANI kA icchA - svAtaMtrya kucha bhI kara dhara nahIM sktaa| pAzcAtya dArzanika 'spinojA' isI vAda kA samarthaka thA / usakA mantavya thA ki vyakti apanI ajJAnatAvaza socatA hai ki maiM bhaviSya ko parivartita kara skuuNgaa| parantu bhaviSya pahale se hI usI prakAra sunizcita (niyata) evaM aparivartanIya hai, jisa prakAra atiit| ataH jo kucha honA hogA, vaha avazya hogA, usake lie cintA karane, Darane yA AzA lagAe baiThanA vyartha hai|" isI prakAra acchA hone para kisI kI prazaMsA karanA yA burA hone para kisI kI nindA karanA athavA usa para doSAropaNa karanA bhI vyartha hai / niyati hI aisI thI, isalie aisA huA / niyati kA dUsarA artha haiM - isa jar3a-cetanamaya vizva meM prakRti ke aTala niyama / isa artha ke anusAra jagat ke sabhI kArya niyati ke adhIna hote haiN| koyala kAlI kyoM hai ? kharagoza aura bagulA sapheda kyoM ? agni kI lapaTeM Upara kyoM uThatI haiM, nIce kyoM nahIM jAtIM ? gAya, baila Adi pazuoM ke cAra aura manuSyoM ke do paira hI kyoM ? pakSI gagana meM ur3a sakate haiM, gadhe ghor3e kyoM nahIM ? kamala jala meM hI kyoM paidA hotA hai, sthala para kyoM 1. nItikAra kahate haiM - yad bhAvi na tadabhAvi, bhAvi cenna tadanyathA / iti cintA viSaghno'yamagadaH kiM na pIyate ? . - hitopadeza 2. isa artha kA ullekha jainatva kI jhAMkI, karmagrantha bhA. 1 (prastAvanA) Adi meM huA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke astitva - virodhI vAda - 1 313 nahIM ? dinakara pUrva meM hI kyoM udaya hotA hai, pazcima meM kyoM nahIM ? machalI pAnI meM hI jindA raha sakatI hai, jamIna para kyoM nahIM ? ina saba praznoM kA eka hI uttara hai, vaha yaha hai vizva - prakRti ke aTala niyama ke anusAra jo niyata hai, vahI hotA hai, anyathA nhiiN| agara niyati ke aTala niyamAnusAra kArya na ho to saMsAra meM koI suvyavasthA hI nahIM rhegii| isalie saMsAra meM abhI taka jo kucha huA hai, bhaviSya meM jaisA jo kucha honA hai aura vartamAna meM bhI jaisA, jo kucha ho sakatA hai, vaha saba pahale se niyata hai| niyati ke aTala niyama ke samakSa kAla, svabhAva, karma Adi saba tuccha aura akRtakArya haiN| niyativAda kA varNana AkarSaka DhaMga se sUtrakRtAMga, vyAkhyA-prajJapti, upAsakadazAMga' Adi jainAgamoM meM huA hai| gozAlaka ke niyativAda kA vivaraNa bhavitavyatA, akarmaNyatA, bhAgyavAda athavA akriyAvAda se anuprANita hai| bauddhatripiTaka dIghanikAya ke sAmaJJaphalasutta meM maMkhalI gozAlaka ke niyativAda kA vivaraNa isa prakAra milatA hai- "prANiyoM kI apavitratA kA koI kAraNa nahIM, ve binA kAraNa hI apavitra hote haiM, isI prakAra prANiyoM kI pavitratA (zuddhatA) kA bhI koI kAraNa yA hetu nahIM hai, hetu aura kAraNa ke binA hI ve zuddha hote haiN| apane sAmarthya ke bala para kucha nahIM hotaa| puruSa ke sAmarthya ke kAraNa kisI padArtha kI sattA nahIM hai| na AtmakAra hai, na parakAra hai, na puruSakAra hai, na bala hai, na vIrya (zakti) hai, aura na hI puruSa kA parAkrama hai| sabhI sattva, sabhI prANI, sabhI bhUta aura sabhI jIva avaza haiM, durbala haiM, balavIrya-rahita haiN| unameM niyati, jAti, vaiziSTya evaM svabhAva ke kAraNa parivartana hotA hai| niyati se nirmita avasthA meM pariNata hokara chaha abhijAtiyoM meM se kisI eka jAti meM rahakara prANI duHkhoM kA anubhava karate haiN| caurAsI lAkha mahAkalpa ke cakra meM ghUmane ke bAda buddhimAn aura mUrkha donoM ke duHkha kA nAza ho jAtA hai|" 'Age 'buddhacarita' meM batAyA gayA hai - "yadi koI yaha kahe ki maiM zIla, .- vrata, tapa athavA brahmacarya se aparipakva karmoM ko paripakva karUMgA athavA paripakva hue karmoM ko bhogakara unheM nAmazeSa kara dUMgA, to aisI bAta 1. (ka) sUtrakRtAMga 2/1/12 (kha) vyAkhyA - prajJapti zataka 15 (ga) upAsakadazAMga a. 6 aura 7 2. dIghanikAya - sAmaJJaphalasutta For Personal & Private Use Only

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314 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2). . kadApi hone vAlI nhiiN| isa saMsAra meM sukha aura duHkha isa prakAra avasthita haiM ki unheM parimita pAyalI (droNa) se nApA jA sakatA hai| saMsAra meM (unameM) ghaTanA-bar3hanA (hAni-vRddhi) athavA utkarSa-apakarSa nahIM ho sktaa| jaisesUta kI golI phaikane para khulatI huI utanI hI dUra jAtI hai, jitanA lambA usameM dhAgA hotA hai, usI prakAra buddhimAn aura mUrkha donoM ke duHkha-saMsAra kA anta isI parivarta (AvAgamana) meM par3akara hotA hai|" niyativAda kA AdhyAtmika rUpa-niyativAda kA eka aura AdhyAtmika rUpa vartamAna meM AviSkRta huA hai| isake anusAra-"pratyeka dravya kI prati samaya kI paryAya niyata-sunizcita hai| jisa samaya jo paryAya honI hai, vaha apane niyata svabhAva ke kAraNa hogI hI, usameM prayatna nirarthaka hai| upAdAna zakti se hI vaha paryAya prakaTa ho jAtI hai, nimitta vahA~ svayameva upasthita ho jAtA hai| usake milAne kI AvazyakatA nhiiN|" ___inake mata se peTrola se moTara nahIM calatI, kintu moTara ko calanA hI hai aura peTrola ko jalanA hI hai aura yaha saba pracArita ho rahA hai-dravya ke zuddha svabhAva ke nAma pr| isake bhItara bhUmikA yaha jamAI jAtI hai ki"eka dravya dUsare dravya kA kucha bhI nahIM kara sktaa| saba apane Apa niyaticakravaza pariNamana karate haiN| jisako jahA~ jisa rUpa meM nimitta bananA hai, usa samaya usakI vahA~ apane Apa upasthiti ho hI jaaegii| isa niyativAda se padArthoM ke svabhAva aura pariNamana kA Azraya lekara bhI unakA pratikSaNa kA anantakAla taka kA kAryakrama banA diyA hai, jisa para calane ko hara padArtha bAdhya hai| kisI ko kucha nayA karane kA nahIM hai|". ___DaoN. mahendrakumAra tathAkathita niyativAda ke duSpariNAma ke viSaya meM likhate haiM-"isa taraha niyativAdiyoM ke vibhinna rUpa vibhinna samayoM meM hue haiN| inhoMne sadA puruSArtha kI reDa mArI hai aura manuSyoM ko bhAgya ke cakkara meM DAlA hai|" 1. (ka) majjhimanikAya 2/3/6 (kha) buddhacaryA (sAmaJaphalasutta) pR. 462-63 (ga) buddhacarita pR. 171 (kauzAmbI) 2. (ka) jainadarzana (DaoN. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya) se uddhRta (kha) isa prakAra ke niyativAda apara nAma 'kramabaddhaparyAyavAda' ke vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekhiye-vastuvijJAnasAra, kramabaddhaparyAya Adi (zrI kAnajI svAmI dvArA likhita) pustkeN| 3. (ka) buddhacarita pR. 191 (kauzAmbI) (kha) jainadarzana (DaoN. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcAya) pR. 84 se uddhRta For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke astitva - virodhI vAda - 1 315 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM niyativAda kA yaha nirapekSika rUpa karmavAda aura puruSArthavAda para kuThArAghAta karane vAlA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ko bhI kaI niyativAdiyoM se vAda-vivAda karake unakA yukti-yukta samAdhAna karanA par3A thaa| AjIvakoM aura jainoM meM bahuta sI bAtoM meM samAnatA thI, kintu mukhya bheda niyativAda aura puruSArthavAda kA thA / jainAgamoM meM aise kaI ullekha haiM, jinase spaSTa pratIta hotA hai, ki svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhI usa yuga ke kaI prasiddha niyativAdayoM ko ekAnta evaM nirapekSa niyativAda ke doSa batAkara unakI mAnyatA puruSArthavAda evaM karmavAda se sApekSa zuddha niyativAda ke rUpa meM parivartita karAI thI / ' 1. (ka) upAsakadazAMga a. 6 evaM 7 (kha) sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 2/1/6, 2/1/12 (ga) vyAkhyA - prajJapti sUtra, zataka 15 For Personal & Private Use Only

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316 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) . karmavAda ke astitva-virodhI vAda-2) bhUtavAda-samIkSA zvetAzvatara upaniSad meM batAye gae sRSTi-vaicitrya ke chaha kAraNoM meM se bhUtavAda pA~cavA~ kAraNa hai| bhUtavAda sRSTi ke sabhI padArthoM kI utpatti pRthvI Adi cAra bhUtoM ke viziSTa saMyoga se mAnatA hai| bhUtavAdiyoM kI mAnyatA hai ki pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu, ina cAra bhUtoM,' (koI AkAza ko pA~cavA~ bhUta mAnakara paMcamahAbhUtoM) se jagat ke samasta cetana-acetana yA mUrta-amUrta padArtha utpanna hote haiN| ina bhUtacatuSTaya ke atirikta koI svatantra jar3a yA cetana padArtha isa sRSTi meM nahIM hai| jise jaina karmavAdI Atmatattva yA cetana tattva kahate haiM, vaha inhIM cAra bhUtoM kI hI eka viziSTa pariNati hai; jo viziSTa prakAra kI paristhiti meM utpanna hotI hai, aura usa paristhiti kI anupasthiti meM vaha vahIM svataH bikhara jAtI hai-naSTa ho jAtI hai| 1. (ka) 'pRthivyApastejovAyuriti tattvAni, tatsamudAye shriirendriyvissy-sNjnyaa|' -tattvopaplavasiMha pR.1 (kha) 'tebhyshcaitnym|' -tattvasaMgrahapaMjikA pR. 205 2. (ka) gaNadharavAda gA. 1649-1650 (kha) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA. 1553 (ga) sUtrakRtAga pauNDarIka adhyayana (zru. 2, sU. 10) meM-'docce purisajAe __ paMcamahabbhUe tti Ahie', tathA isI adhyayana ke nauveM sUtra meM-'iti paDhame purisajAe tajjIva-taccharIraetti Ahie' kahA hai| (gha) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gA. 30 (Ga) bRhadAraNyaka 2/4/12. (ca) bauddhapiTaka meM dIghanikAya sAmaJaphalasutta For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke astitva - virodhI vAda- 2 317 bhUtacatuSTaya kI prakriyA jisa prakAra mahuA, gur3a Adi vastuoM ke vizeSa prakAra ke sammizraNa se madya yaiyAra ho jAtI hai aura usameM mAdakatA (nazA) paidA karane kI zakti svayameva A jAtI hai| jaise- cUnA, katthA, pAna, supArI Adi padArthoM ke viziSTa saMyoga se yukta padArtha ke sevana karane se mukha meM lAla raMga utpanna ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra bhUta catuSTaya ke viziSTa saMyoga se sammizraNa se zarIra-sambaddha caitanya kI utpatti ho jAtI hai, jisakA prabhAva samagra zarIra, indriya Adi meM viziSTa zakti ke rUpa meM dekhA jAtA hai| usa tathAkathita caitanya kA sadaiva zarIra se sambandha rahatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to, vaha tathAkathita caitanya zarIra kA hI dharma hai; AtmA nAma ke kisI svataMtra tattva kA nhiiN| zarIra ke naSTa yA vizIrNa hote (bikharate) hI; arthAt-bhUtacatuSTaya ke saMyoga meM kucha gar3abar3I hote hI vaha caitanya bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai| bauddhapiTka meM 'ajita keza kambalI' ke bhUtacatuSTayavAda kA varNana hai / 'gaNadharavAda' meM vAyubhUti kI zaMkA ke rUpa meM, tathA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM bhI isa vAda kA ullekha hai / sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke pauNDarIka adhyayana meM paMcabhUtoM se jIva ke paidA hone kA varNana hai| bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM vijJAnaghana caitanya kA bhUtoM se utpanna hokara usI meM vilIna hone kA ullekha hai| sAtha hI "na ca pretyasaMjJA'sti" aisA bhI saMketa hai| bhUtacatuSTayavAda kA mantavya jisa prakAra eka mazIna aneka choTe-bar3e kala-purjoM se taiyAra hotI hai| unhIM ke paraspara saMyoga se usameM gati evaM zakti A jAtI hai, kintu amuka avadhi ke bAda usa mazIna ke kala-purjoM ke ghisa jAne yA bigar3a jAne athavA yaMtra meM koI gar3abar3I ho jAne para usakI vaha gati aura zakti bhI naSTa ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra kA yaha caitanya sambaddha zarIrayaMtra hai, jo amuka avadhi ke bAda yA kisI prakAra kI asAdhya bImArI, eksIDeMTa (durghaTanA) athavA kisI prakAra kI gar3abar3I Adi hone para cAra yA pAMca mahAbhUtoM kA yaha viziSTa saMyoga TUTakara yahIM bikhara jAtA hai, naSTa ho "jAtA hai| yaha jIvana kI dhArA garbha se lekara maraNa - paryanta calatI hai| maraNakAla meM zarIra - yaMtra meM vikRti A jAne se jIvanazakti samApta ho 1. (ka) nyAya siddhAnta muktAvalI TIkA (kha) jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhA. 4 pR. 10 2. vijJAnaghana evaitemyo bhUtebhyaH samutthAya tAnyevAnuvinazyati, na ca pretya saMjJA'sti / -bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad 2/4/12 For Personal & Private Use Only

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318 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) jAtI hai| isake bAda na to kahIM jAnA hai aura na kahIM se AnA hai| yaha khela yahIM samApta ho jAtA hai| jo kucha hai, yaha pratyakSa dRzyamAna itanA hI loka hai| paraloka yA anya loka kI kalpanA karanA mUrkhatA hai| AtmA, paramAtmA, svarga, naraka, dharma, adharma, zubha-azubha karma (puNya-pApa) Adi saba bhrAnti meM DAlane vAle tattva haiN| bhUtacatuSTaya yA paMca mahAbhUtoM se caitanya kI utpatti aura vinAza mAnane vAle bhUtavAdiyoM ke anusAra ihalaukika sukha ko chor3akara anya kisI loka ke sukhoM yA anya Atmika sukhoM.kI kalpanA karanA svayaM ko dhokhe meM DAlanA hai| inake mata se pratyakSa hI pramANa hai|' mAnava-jIvana meM zuddha vicAra aura tadanusAra AcaraNa kA inake vAda meM koI sthAna nahIM hai| yaha bhUtAtmavAda upaniSadkAla se hI yahA~ pracalita hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM 'tajjIva-taccharIravAda' ke rUpa meM isakA vivaraNa hai| vahA~ batAyA gayA hai ki koI manuSya myAna meM se talavAra ko alaga dikhAtA hai yA hathelI para A~valA pratyakSa dikhAtA hai, athavA dahI meM se makkhana aura tila meM se tela nikAla kara alaga dikhAtA hai, isI prakAra jIva aura zarIra ko bhinna mAnane vAle zarIra se jIva ko pRthaka karake dikhA nahIM sakate, ataH jo zarIra hai, vahI jIva (AtmA) hai| DArvina kA vikAsavAda : bhautikavAda kA rUpa DArvina kA vikAsavAda bhI isI bhUtacaitanyavAdI bhUtavAda se milatAjulatA hai| vaha isI kA pariSkRta rUpa hai| isake siddhAntAnusAra cetana tattva (jIva jAti) kA vikAsa jar3a aura mUrtika tattvoM se hI mAnA jAtA hai| isa bhautikavAda kI mAnyatA hai ki amIbA, ghoMghA Adi binA rIr3ha ke prANiyoM se rIr3hadAra pazuoM aura manuSyoM kI utpatti huI hai| jar3a tattvoM se bhinna svatantra koI cetanatattva (Atmatattva) nahIM hai| jar3a tattvoM ke vikAsa aura hrAsa ke sAtha hI caitanya tattva kA vikAsa-hrAsa hotA jAtA hai| arthAt prANiyoM kI zarIrika zakti ke vikAsa-hrAsa ke anurUpa hI unameM prANazakti tathA bauddhika zakti kA vikAsa-hrAsa hotA hai| parantu isa vAda kA 1. (ka) jainadarzana (DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina) (kha) etAvAneva loko'yaM yaavaanindriygocrH| bhadre! vRkapadaM pazya, yad vadanti vipshcitH|| -SaDdarzana samuccaya zloka 81 -lokatattvanirNaya zloka 290 2. (ka) sarvadarzana saMgraha, pariccheda-1 (kha) jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhA. 4 pR. 10 (ga) sUtrakRtAMga zru. 2, a. 1, sU. 9 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke astitva-virodhI vAda-2 319 nirAkaraNa isI se ho jAtA hai ki jar3a aura mUrtika bhUtoM se cetana aura amUrtika AtmA kI utpatti kisI bhI prakAra saMbhava nahIM hai|' yaha tathAkathita bhUtavAda karmavAda ke siddhAnta se sarvathA viparIta hai| kyoMki bahuta-sI bAra acchA yA burA karma karane vAle ko usakA phala tatkAla nahIM milatA, agale janma yA kaI janmoM ke bAda milatA hai| paraloka yA anya loka na mAnane para to saMsAra meM sArI hI avyavasthA aura arAjakatA ho jaaegii| phira to kyoM koI apane pUrvakRta karmoM ko kSaya karane tathA ahiMsA, vizvamaitrI, kSamA, samatA, kaSAyavijaya Adi kI sAdhanA karegA ? AtmA ko zarIra kI taraha maraNadharmA, vinAzazIla mAnane se yaha bAta banatI nahIM hai| AtmA ko zarIra se svataMtra caitanya tattva mAnane para hI yaha saba sambhava ho sakatA hai| deha se bhinna AtmA kI svataMtra sattA siddha karane ke lie "maiM sukhI, maiM duHkhI" ityAdi rUpa meM aha-pratIti hI sabase bar3A pramANa hai| pratyeka prANI ko aisA anubhava hotA hI hai| bhUtaMvAda ke viSaya meM vicAraNIya yahI hai ki isa bhautika zarIra yaMtra meM icchA, dveSa, prayatna, jJAna, jijIviSA, saMkalpazakti, bhAvanA, ahiMsAdi ke AcaraNa kI vRtti, dayA, kSamA, Adi komala bhAvanAoM kA udbhava, kArya-kAraNabhAva kA nizcaya ityAdi bAteM jo pAI jAtI haiM, ve akasmAt kaise A jAtI haiM ? pUrvakAlika smRti hI aisI vRtti hai jo cirakAlIna pUrvakRta karmasaMskAroM ke binA A nahIM sktii| ve karmasaMskAra AtmA ke sAtha pravAharUpa se anAdikAla se sambaddha hai| __manuSyoM ke apane janma-janmAntarIya karmAnurUpa saMskAra hote haiM, jinake anusAra ve isa janma meM tathArUpa meM vikAsa karate haiM, unheM vaisI hI buddhi, zakti, prANa, indriyA~, zarIra ke aMgopAMga Adi sAmagrI (paryApti) milatI hai| anyathA eka hI samaya meM paMcabhUtoM ke viziSTa saMyoga se utpanna hone vAle do vyaktiyoM meM jo antara pAyA jAtA hai, vaha bhUtavAda ko mAnane se ghaTita nahIM ho sktaa| .. karmavAda ke anusAra pUrvajanmoM ke karmasaMskAroM ko mAnane se hI yaha ghaTita ho sakatA hai| janma-janmAntarIya-smaraNa kI anekoM ghaTanAe~ atIta meM bhI huI haiM, vartamAna meM bhI par3hI-sunI jAtI haiN| jinase yaha siddha hotA hai ki vartamAna zarIra ko chor3akara AtmA jaba taka saMsArI hai, taba taka naye-naye zarIra ko apane pUrvakRta karmAnusAra dhAraNa karatA hai, aura vaise hI saMyoga use milate haiN| 1. (ka) jainadarzana (DaoN. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya) pR. 145 / (kha) jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhA. 4, pR. 10 For Personal & Private Use Only

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320 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2). . saMsArIdazA meM AtmA karma-paratantra hone se usake nijI guNoM kA vikAsa bhI zarIra, indriya, prANa, mana Adi ke Azraya ke binA nahIM ho sktaa| ye bhautika (paudgalika) dravya dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, Adi kI taraha usake guNa vikAsa meM nimitta rUpa se sahAyaka banate haiM, jaise ki jharokhe se dekhane vAle ko jharokhA dekhane meM sahArA detA hai| AtmA kI saMsAradazA meM vartamAna sthiti bahuta kucha zarIra aura usase sambaddha aMgopAMgoM ke adhIna ho rahI hai| isIlie jainadarzana saMsArI AtmA ko deha parimANa vAlA, kintu deha se svatantra mAnatA hai| cUMki jIva . kA vartamAna vikAsa jina AhAra, zarIra Adi paryAptiyoM ke sahAre hotA hai, ve saba paudgalika (bhautika) haiM, isa nimitta kI apekSA se AtmA (jIva) ko bhagavatIsUtra meM tathA dhavalATIkA meM paudgalI (poggalI) mAnA hai| jIva ko yaha 'pudgala' vizeSaNa zarIrAdi nimittoM kI dRSTi se diyA gayA hai, svarUpa kI dRSTi se nhiiN| ataH jainadarzana AtmA ko zarIrarUpa na mAnakara, zarIraparimANa pRthak dravya mAnatA hai| isase karmavAda kI isa saiddhAntika vyAkhyA se bhautikavAda (bhUtavAda) dvArA kiye jAne vAle kAlpanika nirUpaNa kA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai| puruSavAda-mImAMsA puruSavAda kA sAmAnya artha yaha kiyA jAtA hai ki puruSa hI isa jagat kA kartA, dhartA aura hartA hai aura pralayakAla taka usa puruSa kI jJAnAdi zaktiyoM kA lopa nahIM hotaa| prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM ise samajhAne ke lie eka zloka uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| usakA bhAvArtha hai-"jaise makar3I jAle ke lie, candrakAntamaNi jala ke lie aura vaTavRkSa prarohoM-jaTAoM ke lie kAraNa hotA hai, usI prakAra puruSa bhI jagat ke samasta prANiyoM kI utpatti, sthiti aura pralaya meM nimitta kAraNa hotA hai|"2 puruSavAda meM do vicAradhArAe~ antarhita haiN| eka hai-brahmavAda aura dUsarI hai-IzvaravAda (iishvrkrtRtvvaad)| brahmavAda-isameM brahma hI jagat ke cetana-acetana, mUrta-amUrta Adi samasta padArthoM kA upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai| brahmasUtra kA' 'janmAdyasya yataH' 1. (ka) bhagavatIsUtra zataka 8, u. 10, sU. 361 (kha) jIvo kattA ya vattA ya pANI bhottA ya pogglo| -dhavalATIkA 2. urNanAbha ivAzUnA, candrakAnta ivaambhsaam| prarohANAmiva plakSaH, sa hetuH srvjnminaam|| -upaniSad (prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM uddhRta) pU. 65 3. brahmasUtra 1/1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke astitva-virodhI vAda-2 321 sUtra isI brahmavAda kA sampoSaka hai| uparyukta zloka bhI brahmavAda ke mantavya ko sUcita karatA hai| Rgveda puruSasUkta meM batAyA gayA hai-vaha yaha (jagat kA) sarvasva puruSa hI hai, jo huA hai, jo hogA, jo amRtatva (mokSa) kA Iza (svAmI) hai, anna (AhAra) se vRddhiMgata hotA hai|' IzAvAsyopaniSad meM ukta brahma kI gatividhi ke viSaya meM batAyA hai ki vaha saMcaraNa karatA (gatimAna) hai, vaha saMcaraNa nahIM karatA (sthira) hai, vaha dUra bhI hai, nikaTa bhI, vaha jar3a aura cetana sabake antara (bhItara) meM vyApta hai, aura ina sabase bAhya (pRthak) bhI hai| chAndogya-upaniSad meM adRzya brahma kA paricaya diyA gayA hai ki jagat meM jitanA saba (jar3a-cetana) hai, vaha brahma hI hai, isalie isameM nAnAtva nahIM hai, brahma eka aura advitIya hI hai| lekina jo kucha bhI loga dekhate haiM, vaha brahma ke prapaMca (ArAma) ko dekhate haiM, use (brahma ko) koI nahIM dekhtaa| tarka kI kasauTI para kasane para brahmavAda kA yaha rUpa upahAsAspada evaM yuktiviruddha pratIta hotA hai| sarvaprathama, yaha vicAraNIya hai ki eka hI brahmatattva vibhinna jar3acetana-padArthoM ke pariNamana meM upAdAna kAraNa kaise bana sakatA hai ? Adhunika bhautika vijJAna ne ananta aNuoM (eTamoM) kA svatantra astitva mAnakara unake paraspara saMyoga aura vibhAga se isa jagat kI utpatti mAnI hai| yaha mata yuktisaMgata aura anubhavagamya bhI hai| jagat ke samasta padArthoM ko kevala 'mAyA' kaha dene mAtra se ananta jar3a padArthoM tathA ananta cetana padArthoM (AtmAoM) kA pArasparika yathArtha bheda tathA unake pRthak-pRthak astitva evaM vyaktitva ko kaise naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai ? jagat meM ananta-ananta jIva (AtmAe~) apane-apane karmoM (vAsanAoM tathA saMskAroM) ke anusAra pRthak-pRthak vibhinna paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karate haiN| unakA astitva aura vyaktitva apanA-apanA hai| eka ke bhojana kara lene se dUsare kI udarapUrti-tRpti nahIM ho jaatii| eka jIva kA sukha aura duHkha, buddhihInatA aura bauddhika prakharatA, karma-kauzala aura akarmaNyatva dUsare ke sukha-duHkha Adi nahIM mAne jA skte| isI prakAra jar3a padArthoM ke 1. puruSa eveda sarvaM yad bhUta, yacca bhaavym| uttAmRtatvasyezAnA ydnnenaatirohti|| -Rgveda puruSasUkta 1. yadejati yannejati yadre ydntike| yadantarasya sarvasya, yaduta sarvasyAsya baahytH|| -IzAvAsyopaniSad 1. sarva vai khalvidaM brahma, neha nAnA'sti kiNcn| mArAma (AyAma) tasya pazyanti, na taM pazyati kNcn||-chaandogy upaniSad 3/14 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma - vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) ananta-ananta paramANuoM kA apanA svatantra astitva hai / lAkha prayatna karane para bhI do paramANuoM ke svatantra astitva ko miTAkara unameM ekatva sthApita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH jagat meM pratyakSasiddha ananta jar3acetana sat-padArthoM ke svatantra astitva kA apalApa karake kevala eka hI puruSa ko ananta kAryoM ke prati upAdAna kAraNa mAnanA kAlpanika, pratItiviruddha evaM upahAsAspada hai| 322 yadi anumAna Adi pramANoM se isa advaitaikAnta kI siddhi kI jAtI hai to hetu aura sAdhya, donoM ke pRthak pRthak hone se dvaita kI hI siddhi hotI hai, advaita kI nahIM / phira isa tathAkathita advaitaikAnta' meM kAraNa aura kArya kA, puNya aura pApakarma kA kAraka aura kriyAoM kA, ihaloka aura paraloka kA, vidyA aura avidyA kA, bandha aura mokSa kA tathA Asrava aura saMvara Adi kA vAstavika bheda hI nahIM raha jAtA, jo ki pratItisiddha hai| ataH pratItisiddha vizva vyavasthA ke viruddha advaitaikAnta brahmavAda kI kalpanA kathamapi yuktiyukta siddha nahIM hotI / dUsarI bAta - samagra jagat ke padArthoM meM sat kA anvaya dekhakara ekamAtra eka sattattva kI kalpanA karanA aura use hI yathArtha mAnanA pratItiviruddha hai| jaise 'nAgarika maNDala' meM 'maNDala' zabda to pRthak-pRthak sattA vAle nAgarikoM kA sAmUhika rUpa se vyavahAra karane ke lie kalpita hai, kintu svatantra astitva vAlA amuka-amuka nAgarika hI isameM paramArthasat hai; eka maNDala nhiiN| isI taraha aneka jar3a-cetana sat padArthoM meM kalpita eka sat kadAcit vyavahAra satya ho sakatA hai; paramArtha satya nahIM / tIsarI bAta yaha hai ki 'sarvaM khalvidaM brahma' kahakara dRzyamAna prapaMca ko brahma kI mAyA kahA gayA hai, vaha bhI tarkaviruddha hai| prazna hotA. hai - 'mAyA brahma se bhinna hai yA abhinnaM ? yadi bhinna hai to mAyA aura brahma ina do padArthoM kA astitva mAnanA par3egA, phira advaitavAda nahIM rahA, dvaitavAda hI siddha huaa| yadi kaheM ki mAyA brahma se abhinna hai taba yaha jAgatika prapaMca kahA~ se AyA? kisane aura kaise kiyA ? isa mAnyatA meM anavasthA doSa utpanna hogA / yadi yaha kahA jAe ki yaha dRzyamAna - prapaMca mithyArUpa hai, vaha mithyA hai, asat hai / kintu jaise sIpa ke Tukar3e meM cA~dI kI pratIti. mithyA hotI hai, usI prakAra yaha dRzyamAna jagat-prapaMca bhrAnta aura mithyA pratIta 1. dekhiye- 'AptamImAMsA' 2/1-6 2. isake nirAkaraNa ke lie dekheM- syAdvAdamaMjarI kI isa kArikA kI vyAkhyA - 'mAyA satI ced dvayatattvasiddhiH, athAsatI hanta kutaH prapaJca ?' For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke astitva-virodhI vAda-2 323 nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra yaha sArA brahmavAda kAlpanika aura managar3hata hone se mithyA siddha hotA hai| IzvaravAda-puruSavAda kA dUsarA rUpa IzvaravAda hai| IzvaravAda kA phalitArtha IzvarakartRtvavAda hai| arthAt-isa vizva meM vyApta samasta vicitratAoM-vividhatAoM kA kartA Izvara hai| usakI icchA ke binA jagat kA koI bhI kArya nahIM ho sktaa| Izvara kI arhatA batalAte hue IzvarakatatvavAdI kahate haiM-vaha advitIya hai, sarvavyApI hai, svatantra hai, sarvajJa hai aura nitya hai| Izvara ko eka, advitIya isalie mAnA gayA ki bahuta-se Izvara hone para paraspara icchAvirodha utpanna hone para jagat ke nirmANa meM eka-rUpatA, kramabaddhatA evaM vyavasthA nahIM raha paaegii| Izvara ko sarvavyApI na mAnakara niyata dezavyApI mAnA jAegA to aniyata sthAnoM ke sarva padArthoM kA yathAyogya utpAdana sambhava nahIM hogaa| Izvara ko sarvajJa nahIM mAnA jAegA to yathAyogya upAdAna karaNoM se anabhijJa rahakara vaha tadanurUpa kAryoM ko utpanna nahIM kara skegaa| Izvara ko svatantra mAnane para hI vaha svecchA se samasta prANiyoM ko sukha-duHkhAdi kA anubhava karA sakatA hai| isI prakAra Izvara ko nitya, ajanmA, avinAzI aura sthirarUpa na mAnane para anitya eka Izvara se dUsare Izvara kI, aura dUsare se tIsare kI utpatti hone lagegI, phira isa paramparA kA anta nahIM A pAegA aura vaha (mUla) Izvara apane astitva ke lie parAzrita ho jaaegaa| IzvaravAda kA pakSa prastuta karate hue gommaTasAra meM batAyA gayA hai ki AtmA anAtha hai usakA sukha-duHkha, svarga-narakagamana Adi saba Izvara ke hAtha meM hai| . IzvarakartRtvavAda anumAna pramANa se isa prakAra siddha kiyA jAtA hai"sthAvara aura jaMgama (jar3a-cetana) rUpa jagat kA koI na koI puruSa- vizeSa kartA hai, kyoMki pRthvI, vRkSa Adi padArtha kArya haiN| ye kArya haiM, isalie kisI na kisI buddhimAna kartA dvArA nirmita hai, jaise ghaTa Adi ke nirmANa meM kumbhkaar| pRthvI Adi bhI viziSTa kArya hai, isalie ye bhI buddhimAn kartA dvArA banAye hue hone caahie| inakA jo buddhimAn kartA hai, usI kA nAma Izvara hai|" 1. IzvarakartRtvavAda ke sandarbha meM Izvara ke ina vizeSaNoM kI samIkSA ke liye dekheM syAdvAdamaMjarI ke "kartAsti kazcid jagataH sa caikaH sa sarvagaH sa svavazaH sa .nityH| kArikA kI vyaakhyaa| 2. karmagrantha bhA. 1 prastAvanA (marudhara kesarI mizrImala jI ma.) se 3. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) 880 For Personal & Private Use Only

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324 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) IzvarakartRtvavAda yuktibAMdhita nyAya kusumAMjali meM Izvara dvArA sRSTikartRtva ke 7 kAraNa batAe gae haiM- (1) kArya-kAraNabhAva, (2) Ayojana, (3) AdhAra, (4) nirmANa kAryoM kA zikSaka, (5) zruti racayitA, (6) vedavAkya karttA, (7) jJAtA / parantu eka hI tarka se ukta sabhI kAraNoM kA khaNDana ho jAtA hai ki Izvara niraMjana nirAkAra kRtakRtya hai, taba vaha sRSTi, veda, tathA vastu nirmANa Adi racanA kaise karagA? koI bhI nirAkAra vyakti aisA kara nahIM sakatA / ataH ye sAre kAraNa kAlpanika siddha hote haiN| dUsarI bAta - Izvara yadi kAruNika hai, vaha ajJa, dIna aura paratantra jagat ke prANiyoM ko sukha-duHkha, svarga-naraka Adi prApta karAne meM kAraNa hai, parantu jagat ke jar3a aura cetana padArtha anAdikAla se apane astitva : aura svarUpa se svatantra siddha haiM, ve saba paraspara sahakArI hokara prApta sAmagrI ke anusAra pariNamana karate haiM, Izvara ne asat se kisI bhI eka sat ko utpanna nahIM kiyA hai| aisI sthiti meM sarvazaktimAn Izvara ko jagatkarttA mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI / Izvara yadi kAruNika hai to aisI viSama sRSTi kA nirmANa nahIM krtaa| karuNAzIla vyakti to yaha dhyAna rakhatA ki jagat meM koI bhI prANI duHkhI na ho, sabhI sukhI hoN| parantu aisA to hai nahIM / adhikAMza prANI duHkhI haiM aura Izvara unakI pukAra sunakara bhI duHkhanivAraNa karane nahIM aataa| yadi kaheM usa-usa prANI ke adRSTa ke anusAra Izvara use sukhI yA duHkhI karatA hai, parantu adRSTa bhI to Izvara se hI uddhRta tattva hai / phira apane hI dvArA samutpanna adRSTa se jagat ke prANiyoM ko duHkhI banAnA kAruNika Izvara ke lie ucita nahIM / sRSTi racanA ke pUrva to kisI prANI meM 'adRSTa' nahIM thA, na hI anukampAyogya prANI the, phira usane aisA azubha adRSTa una prANiyoM meM kyoM bharA, aura kisa para anukampA karake zubha adRSTa bharA ? isa prakAra IzvaravAda kI niHsAratA siddha ho jAtI hai| . jagat ke nirmANa karane meM usa Izvara kI pravRtti apane lie hotI hai yA dUsaroM ke lie ? Izvara svayaM to kRtakRtya ho cukA hai, usakI koI bhI icchAe~ zeSa nahIM rhiiN| ataH vaha apanI icchAoM kI pUrti yA lIlA ke lie jagat kA nirmANa nahIM kara sktaa| yadi vaha dUsaroM ke lie sRSTi 1. (ka) nyAyakusumAMjali (kha) nyAya siddhAnta muktAvalI TIkA 2. jaisA ki kahA jAtA hai - ajJojanturanIzo'yamAtmanaH sukhaduHkhayoH / Izvaraprerito gacchet svargaM vA zvabhrameva vA // For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke astitva-virodhI vAda-2 325 racanA karatA hai, taba to vaha buddhimAna nahIM kahA jA sktaa| usakI svatantratA meM bAdhA AegI, use dUsaroM kI icchA para nirbhara rahanA pdd'egaa| __ yadi sRSTi racanA karanA Izvara kA svabhAva mAnA jAe taba to sRSTi racanA ke kArya se use kabhI vizrAma hI nahIM milegaa| yadi vizrAma letA hai, to usake isa svabhAva meM kSati phuNcegii| yadi yaha kaheM ki saSTi racanA karanA Izvara kA svabhAva nahIM hai, taba to vaha kadApi sRSTi racanA nahIM kara skegaa| phira sRSTi kI racanA aura saMhAra ye donoM pRthak-pRthak kArya haiM, eka hI svabhAva se donoM kArya utpanna nahIM ho skeNge| hoMge to sRSTi kI racanA aura saMhAra donoM eka ho jaaeNge| phira to usameM do svabhAva mAnane par3eMge, joki saMbhava nahIM hai| yadi Izvara sarvagata (sarvavyApI) mAnA jAegA to vaha akelA hI zarIra se tInoM lokoM meM vyApta ho jaaegaa| phira dUsare banane vAle jar3acetana padArthoM ko rahane ke lie avakAza kahA~ rahegA? yadi use jJAna kI apekSA se sarvagata mAnA jAegA to vaha vedavAkya se viruddha hogaa| zukla yajurveda-saMhitA meM Izvara ke zarIra kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai-Izvara ke netra, mukha, hAtha aura paira vizva meM sarvatra vyApta haiN| koI bhI sthAna aisA nahIM hai, jahA~ Izvara ke ye zarIrAvayava na hoN|" Rgveda meM bhI batAyA gayA hai ki "vaha puruSa (para-brahma) hajAra mastakoM vAlA hai, usake hajAra netra haiM, hajAra paira hai| vaha saba ora se vizva ko dhAraNa karake kevala dasa aMgulabhara bhUmi para ThaharA huA hai|"2 . Izvara ko zarIravAn mAnane para sAdhAraNa prANiyoM ke zarIra kA nirmANa adRSTa (bhAgya yA pUrvakRta kama) dvArA hone kI taraha Izvara ke zarIra kA nirmANa bhI adRSTa dvArA nirmita mAnanA pdd'egaa| aura taba phira Izvara bhI sAdhAraNa prANiyoM ke samAna karmAvRta ho jaaygaa| aura Izvara ko azarIrI mAnane para to usase kisI bhI dRzyamAna padArtha kI utpatti nahIM ho sktii| jagat ke uddhAra ke lie Izvara kI jarUrata nahIM jagat ke uddhAra ke lie Izvara kI kalpanA karanA padArthoM ke apane svarUpa ko paratantra banAnA hai| pratyeka prANI svayaM apane karmoM ke kAraNa vikAsa evaM vinAza tathA utthAna aura patana ke patha para agrasara hotA hai| 1. vizvatazcakSuruta vizvato mukho, vizvataH pANiruta vizvataH paad| -zukla yajurveda-saMhitA 17/19 2. sahasrazIrSA puruSaH sahasrAkSaH shsrpaat| sa bhUmi vizvato dhRtvA'tyatiSThad dshaaNgulm|| -Rgveda 10/90/1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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326 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) apane viveka aura sadAcAraNa ke lie pratyeka prANI svayaM svatantra evaM uttaradAyI hai| yadi Izvara hI apanI icchA se prANiyoM ko karma karAtA hai, aura vahI usakA phala bhugavAtA hai, taba to vaha Izvara svayaM hI aparAdha evaM daNDa kA pAtra tthhregaa| aisI sthiti meM corI Adi pApa karma karane vAle ko nahIM, Izvara dvArA usa usa pApa kArya meM prerita hone se vahI ( Izvara hI) doSI mAnA jaaegaa| isalie Izvara ko jagat-kartRtva Adi ke prapaMca meM na DAlakara karmavAda ko mAnanA hI zreyaskara hai| karmavAda kI dRSTi se Izvara karmoM se mukta, siddha, buddha, anantajJAnAdi - catuSTaya se yukta hote haiM, ve jagat-racanA Adi ke prapaMcoM meM nahIM pdd'te| 'jIva kisI vidhAtA yA Izvara ke Azrita yA usase prerita hokara na to karma karatA hai, na hI usakI preraNA se usakA phala bhogatA hai| karmoM meM itanI zakti hai ki ve svayaM hI usakA phala de dete haiM, aura jIva svayameva apanI karmAnusAriNI buddhiM evaM icchA ke anusAra zubhAzubha karma karatA hai, aura yathAsamaya usakA phala pAtA hai| ataH jagat-vaicitrya kA kAraNa puruSavAda ko mAnanA nirarthaka hai| Izvara yA brahma jagat-vaicitrya kA kAraNa kathamapi siddha nahIM hotA / kauna-se vAda heya, kauna-se upAdeya ? jainadarzana ne jagat-vaicitrya ke kAraNarUpa ukta vAdoM ko anekAntavAda kI kasauTI para kasA aura jinakA jitanI mAtrA meM, jisa apekSA se samanvaya ho sakatA thA, unakA samanvaya kiyA aura jina vAdoM kI koI upayogitA nahIM thI, jina vAdoM se AtmA ke svAtantrya meM, AtmA ke svayaM vikAsa meM bAdhA pahu~catI thI, unakA sayuktika nirAkaraNa kiyA aura vicitratA ke mUla kAraNoM ko karmavAda ke sandarbha meM prastuta kiyaa| jagat ke samakSa jainadarzana ne karmavAda ke usa satya ko sthApita kiyA, jo AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM, AtmasvAtantrya meM, samasta duHkhoM kA anta karane meM aura anantajJAna-darzana, Atmika Ananda evaM zakti ko prApta karane meM preraka ho / isa dRSTi se jainadarzana ne 'zvetAzvatara upaniSad' meM vizva - vaicitrya ke kAraNoM ke rUpa meM ullikhita kAla Adi chaha vAdoM meM se yadRcchAvAda, bhUtavAda aura puruSavAda kI koI upayogitA na samajhakara sayuktika khaNDana kiyA tathA zeSa kAla, svabhAva, niyati, ina tIna vAdoM kI samIkSA karake yathocita rUpa se samanvaya kiyA / karmavAda kI jar3a kATane vAle kucha vAda akriyAvAda - bauddhapiTaka meM tathAgata buddha ke yuga meM hue 6 dArzanikoM kA tathA unake mata kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| unameM akriyAvAdaM bhI eka hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke astitva - virodhI vAda - 2 327 tripiTaka meM akriyAvAdI 'pUraNa kAzyapa' ke mata kA saMkSepa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai - "kisI ne kucha bhI kiyA ho, athavA karAyA ho, kATA ho, athavA kaTavAyA ho, trAsa diyA ho, athavA dilavAyA ho..... prANI kA vadha kiyA ho, corI kI ho, ghara meM seMdha lagAI ho, DAkA DAlA ho, vyabhicAra kiyA ho, jhUTha bolA ho, to bhI use pApa nahIM lgtaa| yadi koI vyakti tIkSNa dhAra vAle cakra se pRthvI para mAMsa kA Dhera lagA de, to bhI isameM lezamAtra pApa nahIM hai| gaMgAnadI ke dakSiNa taTa para jAkara koI mAra-pITa kare, katla kare yA karAe, trAsa de yA dilAe, to bhI rattIbhara pApa nahIM hai| gaMgAnadI ke uttara taTa para jAkara koI dAna kare, yA karAe, yajJa kare yA karAe, to isameM kucha bhI puNya nahIM hai| dAna, dharma, saMyama, satyabhASaNa ina sabase kucha bhI puNya nahIM hotaa| isameM tanika bhI puNya nahIM hai" / " sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI akriyAvAda' kA aisA hI varNana hai| yaha mata karmavAda ke bilakula viparIta hai, puNya-pApa kA samUla uccheda karane vAlA siddhAnta hai| isa mata para calakara manuSya na to AdhyAtmika vikAsa kara sakatA hai aura na hI naitikatA kA AcaraNa kara sakatA hai| isa siddhAnta para calane se karmamukti kI koI preraNA nahIM miltii| ataH akriyAvAda nirarthaka hai| ajJAnavAda - ajJAnavAdiyoM kA kahanA hai ki jJAna kA bojha mastaka para ladA rahatA hai| jJAnavAdI ulaTI-sIdhI tarphe karane lagatA hai| usameM jJAna kA ahaMkAra ho jAtA hai| jJAna ke kAraNa vyakti meM hara samaya apanI bauddhika zakti se dUsaroM ko dabAne, satAne, hairAna karane, parAjita karane, gulAma banAne, zoSaNa karane kI raTa rahegI / bahuta-se loga isa prakAra apane pakSa, dala yA mata kA ati Agraha karake satya kA apalApa karate haiN| jJAna hone se manuSya eka para rAga karegA, eka para dveSa, eka ke pakSa meM bolegA, eka ke vipakSa meN| isa prakAra kI jhaMjhaToM se bacane kA sUtra hai - tasmAdajJAnameva zreyaH isalie ajJAna hI zreyaskara hai / parantu bhalA ajJAna se kabhI karmoM se mukti ho sakatI hai| ajJAnI vyakti bar3e-bar3e pApakarma karate hue nahIM hickicaataa| ajJAnavAda karmavAda kI jar3oM para sIdhA prahAra karatA hai| bauddhapika meM 'saMjayavelaTThiputta' ke mata ko ajJAnavAda yA saMzayavAda kahA gayA hai| jainAgamoM meM ajJAnavAdiyoM ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki ye 1. buddhacarita pR. 170 dIghanikAya sAmaJJaphalasutta 2. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 1/1/1/13 3. vahI, 1/1/1/13 For Personal & Private Use Only

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328 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) ajJAnavAdI tarkakuzala hote haiM, parantu asambaddha pralApa karate haiN| ajJAnavAda kA pratipAdana karate samaya prayukta kiye jAne vAle tarka, yukti yA anumAnAdi pramANa ye sabhI jJAna se hI kiye jAte haiN| isalie yaha to 'vadato vyAghAta' jaisA ho gyaa| unake UTapaMTAga tarkoM se unakA apanA hI saMzaya nahIM mitttaa| ve svayaM ajJAnI haiM aura ajJajanoM meM mithyA pracAra karate haiN| saMjaya velaTThiputta se paraloka, deva, nAraka, karma, nirvANa Adi ke astitva ke sambandha meM pUche jAne para usane ina adRzya padArthoM ke viSaya meM spaSTa rUpa se ghoSaNA kI-"inake sambandha meM vidhirUpa, niSedharUpa, ubhayarUpa yAM anubhayarUpa, kucha bhI nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| usa yuga meM aise adRzya padArthoM ke viSaya meM aneka kalpanAoM kA sahArA liyA jA rahA thaa| eka ora cArvAka jaise nAstika loga unakA sarvathA niSedha kara rahe the, jabaki dUsarI ora kucha vicAraka loga ina donoM pakSoM ke balAbala para vicAra karane meM tatpara ho rahe the| isa prakAra pakSa aura vipakSa ke dvArA apane-apane pakSa meM pratipAdana ho rahA thaa| vahA~ katipaya vAdI kisI nizcita rUpa se kisI bAta ko mAnane yA prarUpaNa karane meM samartha nahIM ho rahe the, aisI sthiti meM kucha vAdI to pratyeka viSaya meM saMzayavAdI banakara saMzaya karane laga gaye athavA sabhI padArthoM kA jJAna sambhava hI nahIM hai, yaha kahakara vaha ajJAnavAda kI ora jhuka gae the| anizcayavAda yA saMzayavAda-isI prakAra 'Rgveda' ke 'nAsadIyasUkta' meM bhI sRSTi-vaicitrya ke nirmANa ke viSaya meM RSiyoM kA anizcaya rhaa| unhoMne kahA-"sAkSAt kauna jAnatA hai ? yahA~ kauna kahegA ki kahA~ se yaha (sRSTi) paidA huI ? kahA~ se yaha sRjana huA? isake sRjana ke pazcAt deva hue| ataH kauna jAnatA hai ki kisameM se (yaha saba) huA ?" 1. (ka) buddha carita pR. 178 (kha) nyAyAvatAra vArtika vRtti kI prastAvanA dekheM, pR. 39 se Age (ga) isa mata ke viruddha bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sUtrakRtAMga Agama meM anekAntavAda (sApekSavAda) kI dRSTi se vastu kA anekarUpeNa varNana kiyaa| (gha) sUtrakRtAMga 1/12/2 (Ga) mahAvIra svAmIno saMyama dharma pR. 135 (ca) sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi pR. 255 / / (cha) Creative Period meM vizeSa vivaraNa dekheM, pR. 444 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke astitva - virodhI vAda - 2 329 "jisameM se yaha visRSTi huI, usane usakA nirmANa kiyA yA nahIM ? jo isakA adhyakSa parama vyoma meM hai, vahI jAnatA hai, athavA vaha bhI na jAnatA ho ? "" isase spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki RgvedIya isa maMtra ke RSigaNa sRSTi-vaicitrya evaM sRjana ke viSaya meM zaMkAzIla the, anizcaya meM hI par3e rhe| kaI RSigaNa dRzya jagat (jagat ke dRzyamAna padArthoM) ko asat mAnate the, phira ve asat se sat (asti rUpa) kI utpatti mAnane lge| phira kisI RSi ne zaMkA kI asat se sat (dRzya jagat) kaise paidA ho sakatA hai ? taba yaha vicAra sthira kiyA ki pahale sat hI ekamAtra thA, usI se sat (dRzya jagat) utpanna huaa| ataH dRzyamAn vizva kA mUla kAraNa sat mAnA gyaa| jainadarzana bhI mUla tattvoM kA astikAya ke rUpa meM varNana karatA hai, tathA utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvya se yukta ko usane 'sat' mAnA / -pracchanna niyativAda - bauddhapiTaka meM 'pakudha kAtyAyana' ke vAda kA varNana hai, jise par3hane se pracchanna niyativAda kI hI pratIti hotI hai| usake mata kA varNana vahA~ isa prakAra hai- "sAta padArtha aise haiM, jo kisI ne banAe nahIM, banavAe nhiiN| unakA na to nirmANa kiyA gayA aura na karAyA gyaa| ve vandhya.haiM, kUTastha haiM aura stambha ke samAna acala haiN| ve hilate nahIM, badalate nahIM, aura eka dUsare ke lie trAsadAyaka nhiiN| ve eka dUsare ke duHkha ko, sukha ko yA donoM ko utpanna nahIM kara skte| ve sAta tatva ye haiMpRthvIkAya, apkAya, tejaskAya, vAyukAya, sukha, duHkha aura jiiv| inakA nAza karane vAlA, inako sunane vAlA, kahane vAlA, jAnane vAlA athavA inakA varNana karane vAlA koI bhI nahIM hai|" yadi koI vyakti tIkSNa zastra dvArA kisI ke mastaka kA chedana karatA hai, to vaha usake jIvana kA haraNa nahIM krtaa| isase kevala yahI samajhanA cAhie ki ina sAta padArthoM ke 1. ko addhA veda ka iha pravocat ? kuta A jAtA ? kuta iyaM visRSTi ? arvAgdevA * asya visarjanenA'thA ko veda yata AbabhUva ? iyaM visRSTiryata AbabhUva ? yadi vA yadi vA na ? yo asyA'dhyakSaH parame vyoman tso aMga veda yadi vA na veda // - Rgveda nAsadIya sUkta 10, 129 2. (ka) asadvA idamagra AsIt / tato vai sadajayata / - taittirIyopaniSad 2/7 (kha) asadevedamagra AsIt / tat sadAsIt tat samabhavata tadA'NDa niravartata / - chAndogyopaniSad 3/19/1 (ga) taddheka Ahurasadevedamagra AsIdekamevAdvitIyam / tasmAdasataH sajjAyeta / kutastu khalu saumyaivaM syAditi hovAca kathamasataH sajjAyeteti / sattvaiva saumyedamagra AsIdekamevAdvitIyam / - vahI, 6 / 2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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330 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) antaHsthita sthala meM zastroM kA praveza huaa|" pakudha kA yaha vAda karmavAda kA kaTTara virodhI hai| isase karmavAda kI dhajjiyA~ hI ur3a jAtI haiN| vinayavAda-saMsAra ke pratyeka padArtha kA vinaya karanA, hAtha jor3anA, usake Age namratA dikhAnA, usakI bhakti karanA evaM usakI satya ke viruddha bAta ko bhI hA~ jI hA~ kahakara mAna lenA, virodha na karanA, yahA~ taka ki svayaM ko hIna aura dUsare ko utkRSTa mAna lenA yaha ekAnta vinayavAda kA svarUpa hai| yaha prAcInakAla meM pracalita thaa| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM isakA varNana milatA hai| vinayavAdI manuSya hI nahIM, kutte, kaue, billI Adi sabakA vinaya karane meM hI puNya, dharma aura svarga samajhate the| yaha ekAnta vinayavAda bhI vivekavikala, anekAnta dRSTi se viruddha aura karmavAda siddhAnta ke pratikUla hone se anupAdeya mAnA gyaa| kriyAvAda-yadyapi kriyAvAda karmavAda kA samarthaka hai, kintu vahA~ kriyAvAda kA artha satkriyAvAda hai| jJAnakriyAbhyA mokSaH' isa sUtra ke anusAra vahA~ kriyAvAda samyakcAritra evaM samyaktapa ke AcaraNa meM rUr3ha hai| usa vyavahAra cAritra se tathA bAhyAbhyantara tapazcaraNa se nizcayacAritra (svarUparamaNarUpa cAritra tathA tapa) ko prApta kiye binA sAdhaka mokSagAmI nahIM ho sakatA sarvakarmoM se mukta, siddha-buddha nahIM ho pAtA hai| ataH samyagjJAnapUrvaka kriyAvAda karmamukti kA poSaka hone se karmavAda ke anukUla hai| parantu yahA~ kriyAvAda ajJAnapUrvaka kriyA tathA andhavizvAsapUrvaka pravRtti yA ajJAnapUrvaka tapa karane ke artha meM hai| vartamAna bhautika vijJAnavAdI bhI isa antima lakSyavihIna kriyAvAda ke antargata A jAte haiN| aura ve loga bhI A jAte haiM, jo ekAnta rUpa se avidyA, asmitA, rAga-dveSa, abhiniveza, mithyAgraha Adi se yukta hokara aharniza zrama karane kI preraNA dete haiN| sUtrakRtAMga meM aise ekAnta kriyAvAdiyoM ko mithyAtvI mAnA hai| ekAnta-jJAnavAda-ekAnta jJAnavAdI kevala tattvajJAna se hI mukti mAnate haiN| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM "ekAnta jJAna baghArane vAle cAritra se 1. (ka) sAmaJaphala sutta, dIgha nikAya 2, . (kha) buddhacarita pR. 173 2. gaNadharavAda prastAvanA pR. 126 3. dekhiye- sUtrakRtAMga-1/1/2/2 meM vinayavAda kA vrnnn| 4. aguNissa Natyi mokkho|-uttraa 28/30 gA. 5. je AyAvAI loyAvAI kammAvAI kiriyaavaaii| -AcArAMga zru. 1 a. 1 6. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 1/1/2/2 meM ekAnta kriyAvAda kA varNana dekheN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmavAda ke astitva-virodhI vAda-2 331 vimukha sAdhakoM ko avidyAgrasta kahA gayA hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM kevala tatvajJAna se hI mokSa mAnA gayA hai| jisa prakAra tairane ke jJAnamAtra se tairanA nahIM A jAtA, usa jJAna ko kriyAnvita karane arthAt tAlAba Adi meM kUdakara abhyAsa karane se hI vaha tairane kI kalA sIkha pAtA hai| isI prakAra koI vyakti aneka bhASAoM, darzanoM, tattvoM yA bAtoM kA jJAna karale, kintu AtmavikAsa ke anurUpa, jJAna ke anurUpa usakA AcaraNa na kare, to usakA jJAna niSphala hai| vandhya hai| nirarthaka hai| isalie jaina-darzana ne jJAna ke sAtha cAritra ko Avazyaka batAyA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne karmoM se sarvathA mukti ke liye samyagdarzana aura jJAna ke sAtha cAritra kA guNa honA anivArya batAyA hai| cAritra ke binA ekAnta jJAna se karmamukti nahIM ho sktii| prakRtivAda-sAMkhyadarzana kA yaha mata thA ki sattva, raja aura tama isa triguNAtmaka prakRti se hI samagra jagat kA vikAsa-hrAsa hotA hai| samasta prANiyoM ke, vizeSataH mAnavIya sukha, duHkha, sampannatA, vipannatA, iSTaviyogaaniSTasaMyoga, aniSTaviyoga-iSTasaMyoga Adi kA tathA bandhana Adi kA kAraNa bhI vaha prakRti ko hI mAnatA hai| yaha karmavAda ke siddhAnta ke pratikUla hai, kyoMki prakRti apane Apa meM jar3a hai, vaha apane hitAhita ko nahIM smjhtii| yaha cetana AtmA ke hI adhIna hai ki vaha acchA yA burA kArya yA AcaraNa kre| bandha prakRti ke na hokara paruSa (AtmA) ke hI hotA hai, vahI bandha kA kSaya karake mukta ho sakatA hai| avyAkatavAda-AtmA Adi ke sambandha meM maulukyaputta dvArA pUche jAne para tathAgata buddha ne kahA-AtmA na to zAzvata hai aura na hI ucchinn| isake atirikta 'loka sAnta hai athavA ananta, zAzvata hai yA azazvata ? jIva aura zarIra bhinna haiM yA abhinna ? evaM 'marane ke bAda tathAgata hote haiM yA nahIM ?' ye aura isa prakAra ke praznoM kA uttara na dekara 'avyAkRta' kahakara TAla diyaa| unhoMne avyAkRta isalie kahA ki 'unake bAre meM kahanA sArthaka nahIM hai, na bhikSucaryA aura brahmacarya ke lie upayogI haiN| aura na hI yaha nirvANa, nirveda, zAnti evaM paramajJAna ke lie Avazyaka haiN|"2 -uttarA. a.6/10 1. (ka) bhaNatA akaratA ya bndh-mokkh-pippinno| vAyAvIriyametteNa samAsAseMti appyN|| (kha) pacaviMzati tattvajJo yatrakutrAzrame rataH, ___ jaTI muNDI zikhI vApi mucyate nA'tra sNshyH| (ga) jJAnAgniH sarvakarmANi bhasmasAt kurute'rjuna! 2. (ka) bauddhapiTaka maulukyaputta saMvAda (kha) jainadarzana (DaoN mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya) pR. 108 -sAMkhyatatvakaumudI -bhagavadgItA For Personal & Private Use Only

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332 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2). tathAgata buddha kI yaha avyAkRtatA janatA ko bhrama meM DAlane vAlI hai| kabhI-kabhI manuSya ina sabake viSaya meM niSedhAtmaka uttara sunakara anaitika yA viparIta mArga para cala par3atA hai| phira use vApasa mor3anA bahuta hI duSkara ho jAtA hai| avyAkRtavAda karmavAda ke siddhAnta meM bAdhaka hai| manuSya ko yaha nizcaya ho jAne para ki use jina karmoM se mukti pAnI hai, ve kauna-kauna-se haiM ? kaise phala dete haiM ? ityAdi tathyoM ko to vaha bhalIbhA~ti hRdayaMgama kara hI sakatA hai| phira unheM avyAkRta kahakara saMzaya meM DAlane yA anizcayAtmaka sthiti meM rakhane se kyA lAbha? isa prakAra jagat ke prANiyoM meM nAnArUpatA aura vicitratA ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM jaba se bhUta, puruSa, prakRti ityAdi vAdoM ko mAnane kI vicAradhArAe~ calIM taba se, mAnava-vicAraka, UhApoha, saMzaya, bhrama aura saMdeha ke jhUle meM jhUlate rahe haiN| tathAgata buddha aura mahAvIra ke yuga taka meM bhI kaI karmavAda-bAdhaka vAda pracalita hue aura ve kAlAntara meM vilIna ho ge| janatA ke antaHkaraNa meM ve rama nahIM ske| jaina karmavAda hI janatA ke mana meM bhalIbhA~ti hRdayaMgama ho sakA, kyoMki ise bAda ke AcAryoM ne yukti, tarka evaM anubhava ke AdhAra para pallavita evaM vikasita kiyaa| ,. For Personal & Private Use Only

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paMca-kAraNavAdoM kI samIkSA aura samanvaya 333 karmavAda ke sandarbha meM (paMca-kAraNavAdoM kI samIkSA aura samanvaya anekAntavAdI jainadarzana kA mantavya jainadharma aura usakA darzana anekAntavAdI hai| anekAntavAda ke channe se pahale vaha pratyeka tattva ko chAnatA hai| agara vaha tattva kisI apekSA se AtmA ke liye hitakara hai, AtmA kI svataMtratA ko chInatA nahIM hai, AtmA se paramAtmA banane ke carama lakSya ko prApta karAne meM upayogI hai; to vaha usa tattva ko usa apekSA se apanAne aura karmavAda ke sAtha sAmaMjasya biThAne meM jarA bhI nahIM hickicaataa| jainadarzana eka aisA vaphAdAra mAlI hai, jo AtmArUpI udyAna meM uge hue nirarthaka kaTIle jhAr3a-jhaMkhAr3oM aura nirupayogI per3a-paudhoM kI kAMTachAMTa karatA hai, anekAntavAda-sApekSavAda kI bar3I kaiMcI lekara calAtA hai aura jo AtmA ke lie jitane aMza meM ahitakara, akiMcitkara evaM AtmasvAtaMtrya yA AtmA ke samyak puruSArtha meM bAdhaka ho, usa darzana, vAda yA mata yA mAnyatA kA utane aMzoM meM nirAkaraNa karake zeSa satyAMza ko apanA letA hai| jo darzana, vAda yA mata sarvathA ahitakara, AtmavikAsa ke lie ghAtaka evaM Atma-svAtaMtrya meM sarvathA bAdhaka ho, use heya samajhatA hai| vizva-vaicitrya ke pAMca kAraNa isa dRSTi se jainadarzana jaba sRSTi kI vividhatA, visadRzatA evaM . vicitratA ke kAraNoM kI mImAMsA karatA hai, taba usake gahana sudRSTipatha meM vizvavaicitrya ke pAMca mahattvapUrNa kAraNa Ate haiN| unake nAma se pAMca vAda pracalita the-(1) kAlavAda, (2) svabhAvavAda, (3) niyativAda (4) karmavAda aura (5) purussaarthvaad| chaha kAraNavAdoM meM karma aura puruSArtha kA ullekha kyoM nahIM ? ... zvetAzvatara upaniSad meM jina 6 kAraNavAdoM kA ullekha haiM, unameM karmavAda tathA puruSArthavAda ko bilakula sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai, usakA 1. sanmatitarka prakaraNa 3/53 For Personal & Private Use Only

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334 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) kAraNa yaha hai ki upaniSadkAla se pUrva taka vaidika paramparA ke manISI vizva vaividhya evaM vaicitrya kA kAraNa antarAtmA meM DhUMDhane kI apekSA bAhya padArthoM meM hI mAnakara santuSTa ho gae the| yahI kAraNa hai ki upaniSadkAla meM sarvaprathama zvetAzvatara upaniSad meM vizvavaicitrya ke chaha nimitta kAraNoM kA ullekha milatA hai| saMbhava hai, isameM karmavAda evaM puruSArthavAda kA AtmA se sIdhA sambandha hone se unakI dRSTi meM ye donoM vAda na Ae hoN| isase yaha bhI sUcita hotA hai ki taba taka aupaniSadika manISI RSigaNa karmavAda aura puruSArthavAda se bhalIbhAMti paricita nahIM hue hoNge| jo bhI ho, .. pazcAdvartI vaidika manISiyoM evaM dArzanikoM ne avazya hI ina donoM ko kisI na kisI rUpa meM apanAyA hai| pratyeka kArya meM pAca kAraNoM kA samavAya aura samanvaya mAnanA ucita jisa prakAra vaidika manISiyoM ne vaidika paramparA-sammata yajJakarma aura devAdhideva (brahmA yA prajApati) ke sAtha apanI dRSTi se 'karma' kA samanvaya kiyA, usI prakAra jaina-manISiyoM ne dArzanika yuga meM kAlAdi kAraNoM kI gaharAI se samIkSA karake pUrvokta pAMca kAraNavAdoM ko sRSTi-vaicitrya ke kAraNoM meM upayukta samajhA aura unameM se yathocita aMzoM ko apanAkara karma ke sAtha unakA samanvaya kiyaa| pazcAdvartI jaina dArzanika AcAryoM ne isa siddhAnta kA nirUpaNa kiyA ki kisI bhI kArya kI utpatti kevala eka hI kAraNa para nirbhara nahIM hai, apitu vaha Azrita hai-pAMcoM kAraNoM ke samavAya (kAraNa-sAkalya) pr| kAla, svabhAva, niyati, karma (svayaM dvArA pUrvakRta kama) aura puruSArtha, ye pAMca kAraNa haiN| inhIM pA~coM ko jaina dArzanikoM ne 'paMcakAraNa-samavAya' kahA hai| ye pAMcoM sApekSa haiN| inameM se kisI bhI eka ko kAraNa mAna lene se kArya-niSpatti nahIM ho sktii| AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne kahA hai ki "kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSArtha, ina pAMca kAraNoM meM se kisI eka ko hI kAraNa mAnA jAe aura zeSa kAraNoM kI upekSA kI jAe, yaha mithyA dhAraNA hai| samyak dhAraNA yaha hai ki kArya ke niSpanna hone meM kAla Adi sabhI kAraNoM kA samanvaya kiyA jaae|"2 AcArya haribhadra ne bhI zAstravArtAsamuccaya' meM ina ekAntakAraNa-vAdoM kI samIkSA karate hue kahA 1. zvetAzvatara-upaniSad 1/2 2. kAlosahAvaNiyaI puvakamma puriskaarnnegtaa| micchattaM taM ceva u, samAsao huMti sammattaM // -sanmati tarka prakaraNa 3/53 3. ataH kAlAdayaH sarve samudAyena kaarnnm| garbhAdeH kAryajAtasya vijJeyA nyAyavAdibhiH // na caikaikataH eveha kvacit kinycidpiikssyte| tasyAt sarvasya kAryasya sAmagrI janikA matA // - zAstravArtAsamuccaya 2/79-80 For Personal & Private Use Only

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paMca-kAraNavAdoM kI samIkSA aura samanvaya 335 hai ki "nyAyavAdiyoM ko yaha samajha lenA cAhie ki jisa prakAra garbhAdhAnAdi kAryoM ke lie kAla, svabhAva, niyati, karma aura puruSArtha ina pAMcoM kA samudAya honA Avazyaka hai, vaise hI jagat ke samasta kAryoM ke lie kAla Adi pAMcoM samudAyarUpa se kAraNa haiN| ina pAMcoM kAraNoM meM se kisI eka ko hI kAraNa mAnanA kathamapi abhISTa evaM apekSita nahIM hai| isalie samasta kAryoM kI niSpatti ke lie paMca-kAraNa-sAmagrI hI abhISTa mAnI gaI hai|" saMsAra kA pratyeka kArya : pAca kAraNoM ke mela se sRSTi meM do prakAra ke padArtha haiM-jar3a aura cetn| ina donoM prakAra ke padArthoM meM vairUpya, vaividhya evaM vaicitrya dRSTigocara hotA hai| jahA~ taka jar3a padArtha sambandhI vicitratAoM evaM vividhatAoM tathA AMzika rUpa se sacetana padArthoM kI vividhatAoM kA savAla hai, jaina dArzanikoM kA yaha mantavya hai ki unameM kAla Adi paMcavAdoM kA samanvaya kAraNa hai| saMsAra meM jo bhI kArya hotA hai, vaha ina pAMcoM ke mela se-samavAya se hI hotA hai| aisA kadApi nahIM hotA ki koI eka hI vAda apane bala para kArya siddha kara de| yaha to saMbhava hai ki kisI kArya meM koI eka pradhAna kAraNa ho, dUsare gaunn| parantu eka hI svataMtra rUpa se kArya siddha kara de, aisA sambhava nahIM hai| kAlAdi tIno vAda : kaba Azika satya, kaba sampUrNa satya ? ___'karmavAda ke astitva-virodhIvAda ?-' meM hamane kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda aura niyativAda ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA hai| pratyeka vAda apane-apane dRSTibindu se AMzikarUpa se to satya hai, kintu vaha pUrNasatya (pramANasatya) nahIM hai| sampUrNa satya to anekAntavAda meM hai, donoM netra khule rakhakara naya aura pramANa donoM dRSTiyoM se vicAra karane meM hai| ekAntakAlavAda kI samIkSA agara kAlavAdI yaha kahane laMga jAe ki saMsAra ke samasta kAryoM kA ekamAtra kAla hI AdhAra hai, to usakA yaha kathana nirapekSa hone se satya nahIM hogaa| kAlarUpI samartha kAraNa ke sadaiva rahate hue bhI amuka kArya kadAcit hotA hai, kadAcit nahIM bhI hotaa| ataH yaha niyata vyavasthA akele kAla se sambhava nahIM hai| phira kAla acetana hai, usameM svayaM niyAmakatA nahIM ho sktii| svataH parivartita hone vAle sAMsArika padArthoM meM kAla kadAcit udAsIna nimitta bana jAe, kintu vaha akelA preraka nimitta yA ekamAtra asAdhAraNa nimitta nahIM ho sktaa| yaha niyata kArya-kAraNabhAva ke sarvathA viparIta hai| kAla samAnarUpa se hetu hone para bhI For Personal & Private Use Only

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336 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) kapar3A tantu se tathA ghar3A miTTI se hI utpanna ho, yaha pratiniyata lokavyavasthA kAla ke dvArA ghaTita nahIM ho sktii| pratiniyata kArya ke lie pratiniyata upAdAna kAraNa kA svIkAra karanA hI abhISTa hai|' ekAntasvabhAvavAda kI samIkSA svabhAvavAdI yadi yaha kahe ki jagat ke samasta kArya ko niSpanna karane meM svabhAva hI ekamAtra kAraNa hai, to yaha kathana ekAnta hone se mithyA hogaa| pratyeka padArtha kA apane dvArA sambhAvita kArya karane kA svabhAva hone para bhI usa kArya kI niSpatti yA vikAsazIlatA kevala svabhAva se nahIM ho sakatI, usake lie anya kAraNa sAmagrI bhI apekSita hotI hai| miTTI ke piNDa meM ghar3e ko utpanna karane kA svabhAva hone para bhI usakI utpatti kumbhakAra, daNDa, cakra, cIvara Adi pUrNa sAmagrI ke hone para hI ho sakatI hai| usa ghar3e ko pakAne, Upara se raMgane, Adi vikAsa kA kArya bhI kumbhakAra Adi ke puruSArtha se hotA hai, svabhAva se nhiiN| yadi kisAna kheta jotane, bIja bone Adi kA puruSArtha (pUrvaprayatna) na karatA to bIja kA anna utpanna hone kA vaha svabhAva bore meM par3A-par3A sar3a jaataa| ataH akele svabhAva se hI abhISTa kArya niSpanna nahIM hotaa| svabhAvavAda ko ahaitukavAda mAnanA bhI pratyakSa aura anumAna se bAdhita hai, kyoMki jagat meM pratyeka kArya kisI na kisI kAraNa-sAmagrI se niSpanna hotA dekhA gayA hai| isI prakAra svabhAvavAda ko lekara nirAzA kA avalambana lenA bhI ucita nahIM hai ki isa padArtha kA svabhAva amuka padArtha banane kA hai hI nahIM; taba phira puruSArtha karane se athavA kAla kI pratIkSA karane, yA bhAgya ko kosane se kyA hogA ? retIlI jamIna meM kapAsa, gannA, gehU~ Adi paidA hone kA svabhAva nahIM hai, kintu Aja ke vaijJAnikoM ne registAna kI retIlI bhUmi ko bhI apane puruSArtha se rAsAyanika mizraNoM dvArA upajAU banA diyA hai| Aja vahA~ kapAsa, gannA, gehU~ Adi bhI hone lage haiN| ataH svabhAvavAda kA Azraya lekara nirAzAvAda ko sthAna denA ucita nhiiN| svabhAvaniyatatA hone para bhI anya kAraNa sAmagrI se A~kheM mUMda lenA ThIka nhiiN| 2. ekAntaniyativAda kI samIkSA ____ekAnta niyativAda ko mAnakara yaha samajha baiThe ki jo honA hogA, vahI hogA, hamAre karane se kyA hogA ? athavA sarvajJa prabhu ne jaisA dekhA 1. vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa ke lie dekhiye-jainadarzana (DaoN. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya) pR.80-81 2. svabhAvavAda ke vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa ke liye dekheM-jainadarzana (DaoN. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcAya) For Personal & Private Use Only

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paMca- kAraNavAdoM kI samIkSA aura samanvaya 337 hogA, vahI hogA, yA vidhAtA ne bhAgya meM jo kucha bhI likhA hogA, vahI hogA; isako lekara apane puruSArtha ko, apane karttavya ko tilAMjali dekara hAtha para hAtha dharakara baiTha jAnA ucita nahIM / yaha niyativAda kI oTa meM sva- puruSArthahInatA ko Azraya denA hai, apane Alasya evaM akarmaNyatA kA poSaNa karanA hai| gozAlaka kA niyativAda ekAnta hai, vaha akAraNavAda tathA akarmaNyatA kA Azraya lene tathA utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya evaM puruSArtha ko ThukarAkara ekAntarUpaM se niyati ke adhIna hone kI peraNA detA hai| agara samyak niyativAda kA Azraya liyA jAe to vahA~ kabhI aisA vicAra nahIM hotA ki saba kucha niyata hai, phira mujhe kucha puruSArtha karane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? kyoMki usakA puruSArtha bhI to niyata hotA hai, kArya kA kAla bhI niyata hogA, usakA vaisA svabhAva bhI avazya nizcita hogA aura vaisA zubha karma kA udaya athavA azubha karma kA nAza bhI niyata hogA, taba phira svakartRtvarUpa puruSArtha meM niyativAda kahA~ bAdhaka hai ? yaha ThIka hai qi parokSajJAnI ko yaha nahIM jJAta hotA ki kyA niyata hai, kyA bhavitavya hai, aura kyA hone vAlA hai ? ataH use mokSamArga meM samyak puruSArtha karane meM pIche nahIM haTanA cAhie / anantakAla taka kA kramabaddha paryAya parivartana honA niyata hai, isa prakAra kA niyativAda AdhyAtmika jagat meM mAnA gayA hai, aisA mAne binA sarvajJa kevalI bhagavAn apane jJAna meM tIna kAla, tIna loka ke ghaTanAkrama ko * yugapat kaise jAna pAe~ge ? yahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kevalajJAna hone ke pazcAt bhI isI niyativAda ko kAlAdi kA sahakArI kAraNa mAnakara samyak puruSArtha karate rhe| alpajJAniyoM ke lie bhI anya kAraNoM ke rahate hue kArya na hone yA uddezya ke viparIta hone para niyativAda bahuta bar3A AzvAsanadAyaka sambala banatA hai ki aisA hI honA thA, isase ghabarAkara mujhe baiThanA nahIM cAhie, kintu kamara kasakara Age ke lie taiyAra ho jAnA caahie| yaha to niyativAda kA durupayoga hai, yA usake svarUpa ko bhalIbhAMti na samajhanA hai ki cora ne corI kI, usameM usakA kyA doSa ? vaisA hI honA thaa| jisakI corI huI, usakA bhI vaisA honA nizcita thA, ataH cora ko sajA nahIM milanI cAhie ityAdi / kintu cora kI giraphtArI, 1. niyativAda kI spaSTa samIkSA ke lie dekhiye - jainadarzana ( DaoN. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya) For Personal & Private Use Only

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338 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) beijjatI, sajA Adi bhI to niyata thI, jisake yahA~ corI huI use talAza Adi kA puruSArtha karane se curAyA huA apanA mAla vApisa milanA bhI to niyata ho sakatA hai| ekAntaniyativAda kA Azraya lene se manuSya isa prakAra kA UTapaTAMga kathana karane lagatA hai| isalie anekAntadRSTi se kArya meM samyak niyati ko bhI yathAyogya apekSA se kAraNarUpa meM svIkAra karanA caahie| karmavAda-mImAMsA karmavAda kA mantavya yaha hai ki jagat meM jo bhI ghaTanA hotI hai, jo kucha kArya, vyavahAra yA AcaraNa hotA hai, athavA prANiyoM kA jahA~ bhI jisa gati, yoni yA loka meM janma hotA hai, tathA use zarIra se sambandhita jo bhI acchI-burI, anukUla-pratikUla sAmagrI milatI hai, athavA prANiyoM ko jo bhI sukha-duHkha, hAni-lAbha, iSTa-aniSTa, hita-ahita, saMgharSa-mela, Adi kA vedana hotA hai, usake pIche karma hI ekamAtra kAraNa hai| usameM kAla yA svabhAva kA kucha bhI vaza nahIM cltaa| cAhe jitanA puruSArtha kiyA jAe, pUrvakRta karma zubha nahIM haiM to prANI ko usakA anukUla phala nahIM miltaa| jisa samaya kisI vastu ke milane kA avasara AtA hai, usake lie pUrA udyama bhI kiyA jAtA hai, parantu azubha karmodayavazAt aina vakta para manuSya maraNa-zaraNa ho jAtA hai| athavA kisI vastu kI upalabdhi meM antarAya A jAtA hai, manuSya kI buddhi bhraSTa ho jAtI hai, vaha viparIta mArga para car3hakara usa upalabdhi ke avasara ko kho baiThatA hai, yaha saba pUrvakRta karmoM ke phala kA hI khela hai| isake sivAya usake yathArtha samAdhAna kA koI upAya nahIM hai| dazarathaputra yugapuruSa rAmacandrajI ko prAtaHkAla rAjagaddI milane vAlI thii| ayodhyA meM sarvatra rAjyAbhiSeka kA mahotsava ho rahA thaa| sarvatra khuziyA~ chA rahI thiiN| vaziSThaRSi ne zrIrAma ke rAjyAbhiSeka kA prAtaHkAla muhUrta nizcita kiyA thaa| kintu karmalIlA bar3I vicitra hai ki rAjyAbhiSeka ke badale rAmacandrajI ko vanagamana karanA pdd'aa| unako 14 varSa kA vanavAsa svIkAranA pdd'aa| sItA jaisI pavitra mahAsatI ko bhI garbhAvasthA meM zrIrAma jaise mahAn AtmA dvArA vanavAsa diyA jAnA bhI karma-zakti ko pratyakSa ghoSita kara rahA hai| isa yuga ke AditIrthakara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko munidIkSA lene ke pazcAt bAraha mahInoM taka yathAkalpa AhAra na milanA bhI unake pUrvakRta karma-phala kA hI dyotaka hai| bha. RSabhadeva ko AhAra-prApti meM kAla aura svabhAva to anukUla hI the, puruSArtha bhI unhoMne bharasaka kiyA thaa| phira bhI AhAra-prApti na huI, isake pIche pUrvakRta karma ke sivAya aura kyA kAraNa ho sakatA hai ? zrI sanatkumAra jaise saundaryamUrti cakravartI For Personal & Private Use Only

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paMca - kAraNavAdoM kI samIkSA aura samanvaya 339 samrATa ko akasmAt roga utpanna ho jAnA, satI damayantI aura satI aMjanA ko dIrghakAla taka pativiyoga ho jAnA, trikhaNDAdhipati vAsudeva zrIkRSNa jaise pracaNDa parAkramI puruSa kI jarAkumAra ke bANa se mRtyu honA, satyamUrti harizcandra jaise pratApI rAjA ko cANDAla ke yahA~ naukara rahakara zmazAna ghATa kA praharI bananA par3e, rAjakumArI 'candanabAlA' jaisI pavitra kanyA ko dAsI banakara bikanA par3e aura usakI mAlakina ke dvArA dI gaI vividha yAtanAe~ sahanI par3IM, subhadrA jaisI pavitra satI para mithyA kalaMka car3hAyA jAe, satI madanarekhA ko pativiyoga, vana meM bhramaNa ityAdi aneka kaSTa sahane par3e, ye aura isa prakAra kI atarkita evaM apratyAzita ghaTanAe~ karma kI mahimA ko ujAgara kara rahI haiN| vyakti cAhe jitanA upAya kara le, amuka kArya ke lie puruSArtha bhI pUrA-pUrA kara le, usakA vaisA abhyAsa aura svabhAva bhI ho, samaya bhI usa kArya kI saphalatA ke lie anukUla ho, . phira bhI pUrvakRta karma kA udaya ho to usake Age kisI kI nahIM calatI / eka bhaurA kamala ke koza meM baMda ho gayA hai| usakA svabhAva lakar3I ko bhI kATa sakane kA hai, phira bhI usa samaya vaha apane svabhAva ko bhUlakara komala kamala ko nahIM kATa paataa| vaha socatA hai-rAta bIta jAegI, prabhAtakAla ho jAegA, sUryodaya hote hI kamalakoza khila utthegaa| isa kamala kA mukha khulate hI maiM sahI-salAmata bAhara nikala jAU~gA / isameM svabhAva, kAla aura niyati tInoM ke hone para bhI pUrvakRta krUra karmoM kA paMjA aisA par3atA hai-ki becArA bhauMrA socatA hI raha jAtA hai aura kamala sahita usa bhaura ko eka hAthI Akara pairoM tale rauMda DAlatA hai| bhauMrA samApta ho jAtA hai| isa ghaTanA meM bhI karma kI balavattA siddha hotI hai / " eka cUhe ne sAMpa ke eka piTAre meM ghusane ke liye AdhA ghaMTA parizrama karake eka chidra kara ddaalaa| phira svayaM usameM ghusaa| ghusate hI piTAre meM banda sarpa ke mu~ha meM jA pdd'aa| sarpa ko binA mehanata ke bhojana mila gyaa| vaha khA-pIkara cUhe ke dvArA banAye cheda se piTAre ke bAhara niklaa| madArI kI kaida se bhI use chuTakArA mila gyaa| yaha karma kA hI prabhAva thA ki puruSArtha karane vAle cUhe ko mRtyu milI aura piTAre kI kaida meM banda sarpa ko bhojana aura chuTakArA milA / isa vizva meM jo kucha bhI vicitratA, vividhatA, abhinavatA yA virUpatA dRSTigocara ho rahI hai, usakA mUla kAraNa ekamAtra karma hI hai| 1. dekhiye isa ghaTanA ko abhivyakta karane vAlA zloka "rAtrirgamiSyati bhaviSyati suprabhAta, bhAsvAnudeSyati hasiSyati paMkajazrIH / itthaM vicintayati kozagate dvirephe hA hanta hanta / nalinIM gaja ujjahAra // " For Personal & Private Use Only

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9 340 : karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) karma ke kAraNa tIrthaMkara mahAvIra jaise mahApuruSa ke kAnoM meM kIle Thoke gaye * aura zAlibhadra jaise vyakti ke lie binA mehanata ke divyaloka se ratnoM kI peTiyA~ utara kara AtI thIM / karma ke prabhAva se eka samaya kA karor3apati' dUsare dina hI ror3apati ho jAtA hai| karmaprabhAva se dhanika evaM sukha- sAmagrI se sampanna hone para bhI roga, zoka, cintA, iSTa-viyoga, aniSTa - saMyogaM Adi duHkhoM se manuSya pIr3ita rahatA hai| karma ke kAraNa hI eka vyakti kI jiMdagI rone-dhone, pIr3A sahane aura abhAvagrasta rahane meM hI vyatIta ho jAtI hai, jabaki dUsare vyakti ko pAnI mAMgane para aura binA mA~ge bhI dUdha. milatA hai, binA mehanata kiye hI sukhasAmagrI milatI hai| karma ke prabhAva se hI prANI ko vividha gatiyA~, yoniyA~, zarIra Adi prApta hote haiN| ataH saMsAra meM samasta kriyAoM, antaroM, vaira-virodhoM, antarAyoM, rAga-dveSa Adi vikAroM tathA samasta vyavahAroM, vicAroM aura AcaraNoM ke pIche karma kA hI eka mAtra hAtha hai| kAla aura svabhAva to nimittamAtra haiM, bhavitavyatA (niyati) bhI akasmAt mAtra hai| koI dUsarA kAraNa nahIM milatA taba mana ko samajhAne ke lie kahA jAtA hai ki aisA hI honA thA, honahAra ko kauna TAla sakatA hai ? karma anukUla ho to kAla bhI vaisA hI A jAtA hai, svabhAva bhI vaisA hI bana jAtA hai aura bhavitavyatA bhI vaisI ho jAtI hai; puruSArtha karane kI buddhi bhI zubhakarma hoM, tabhI hotI hai, anyathA Alasya, gapazapa, nidrA, lAparavAhI Adi meM hI manuSya kA samaya calA jAtA hai| kaI bAra udyama karane para bhI zubha karmodaya na ho to abhISTa vastu nahIM milatI, athavA mila jAne para bhI hAtha se calI jAtI hai, yA naSTa ho jAtI hai / " ataH karma kI zakti acintya, agAdha, gahana evaM aparampAra hai| vizva ke pratyeka kArya meM karma kAraNa hai| prANI kI pratyeka kriyA karmAdhIna hotI hai| jisane jaisA karma bA~dhA hai, usake vipAka ke anusAra usakI vaisI - vaisI buddhi aura pariNati svataH hotI calI jAtI hai| purAne karma kA paripAka hotA hai, usI ke anusAra saMsArI chadmastha prANI naye karma bA~dhatA jAtA hai| sRSTikartRtvavAdiyoM ke matAnusAra unakA tathAkathita Izvara bhI karmAnusAra phala detA hai| isa prakAra jagat kI vicitratA kA samAdhAna karma ko mAne binA ho nahIM sktaa| ataH karmavAda kA mUla uddezya vizva kI dRzyamAna viSamatA kI gutthI ko sulajhAnA hai| 1. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekhiye 'jainadRSTie karma' pR. 21 For Personal & Private Use Only

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paca - kAraNavAdoM kI samIkSA aura samanvaya 341 karmavAda kI samIkSA kucha logoM meM yaha bhrAnti phailI huI hai ki karma sarvazakti sampanna hai / usI kI saMsAra meM sArvabhaumasattA hai / parantu yaha bahuta bar3I bhrAnti hai| ise tor3anA hI caahie| karma hI saba kucha nahIM / kucha aisI bhI sthitiyA~ haiM, jo karma se prabhAvita nahIM hotIM / AtmA meM aisI eka zakti hai, jo karma se pUrNarUpeNa kadApi AvRta nahIM hotii| yadi AtmA para karma pUrNarUpa se hAvI ho jAtA to vaha use kadApi tor3a nahIM paataa| yadi karma hI saba kucha hotA to manuSya samasta bandhanoM ko tor3akara kabhI siddha - buddha - mukta nahIM ho pAtA / karma hI sArvabhauma sattA-sampanna hotA to koI bhI prANI avyavahArarAzi se nikalakara vyavahArarAzi meM nahIM A sakatA thA / arthAt - avikasita jIvoM kI zreNI se vaha vikasita jIvoM kI zreNI meM kabhI nahIM A pAtA / avyavahArarAzi vanaspatijagat ke anantakAyika sUkSma jIvoM kA vaha koSa hai, jo kabhI samApta nahIM hotaa| usameM eka sAtha ananta jIva rahate haiN| unameM se dRzyamAna sthUla jagat meM jitane bhI jIva Ate haiM, ve saba avyavahArarAzi se Ate haiN| avyavahArarAzi meM par3A huA jIva kadApi mukta nahIM ho sakatA, jo bhI mukta hotA hai, vaha vyavahArarAzi se hotA hai| caitanya kA vikAsa bhI vyavahArarAzi meM hI hotA hai| prazna hotA hai, avyavahArarAzi vAle jIva vyavahArarAzi meM Ae, ve kyA karma ke bala se Ae ? nahIM / yadi karma hI saba kucha hotA to ve vahIM par3e rahate, kintu kAla kI aisI zakti hai, jo karma se aprabhAvita rahatI hai| avyavahArarAzi meM par3e hue jIva ke lie eka kAla, eka avasara, eka cAMsa aisA AtA hai, ki kAlalabdhi ke prabhAva se usakI AtmA apane astitva ke viSaya meM jAgRta ho jAtI hai| mithyAtva - moha karma kI jar3eM hila uThatI haiM, usa AtmA ko adhyAtma kI kiraNeM prApta ho jAtI haiN| vaha avikasita cetanA kI bhUmikA se vikasita cetanA kI bhUmikA ko prApta kara letA hai| yadi karma kA hI ekachatra sAmrAjya hotA to anAdikAla se mithyAtvagrasta vyakti mithyAtva ke usa gAr3ha andhakAra kA bhedana nahIM kara pAtA / kintu AtmA meM aisI zakti hai ki jaise sUrya ke udaya hote hI cirakAla kA da andhakAra ekadama vilupta ho jAtA hai, vaise hI jaba AtmA apanI zakti ke prati jAgrata ho jAtI hai, taba vaha karmacakra ko tor3ane meM samartha ho jAtI hai| yadi karma kA hI ekachatra sAmrAjya hotA to AtmA kI zakti kabhI use cunautI nahIM de paatii| karma para sarvAdhika niyaMtraNa hai- AtmA ke caitanya svabhAva ke svataMtra astitva kA / yadi AtmA ke caitanya svabhAva kA sarvadA svataMtra astitva na For Personal & Private Use Only

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342 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) hotA to karma hI saba kucha ho jaataa| parantu AtmA kA, caitanya svabhAva, kabhI apane Apako naSTa hone yA badalane nahIM detaa| isalie karma AtmA para kitanA hI prabhAva DAle, vaha ekAdhikAra nahIM jamA sktaa| karma tabhI taka TikatA hai, jaba taka cetanA nahIM jaagtii| cetanA ke jAgRta hote hI karma svataH naSTa hone laga jAtA hai| siddhAnta yaha hai ki karma kA pUrNa sAmrAjya yA Adhipatya AtmA para ho jAe to. bhI vaha use pUrNatayA prabhAvita nahIM kara sktaa| mohakarma kA Adhipatya tabhI taka AtmA para rahatA hai jaba taka AtmA apane svarUpa tathA apanI zakti ke prati jAgarUka na ho jaae| jaba AtmA kA caitanya svabhAva jAgRta ho jAtA hai taba karma kI sattA DagamagAne lagatI hai| dUsarI bAta-vizva kI pratyeka ghaTanA kA kAraNa akelA karma hI nahIM hai| yadi pratyeka ghaTanA ke pIche karma kA hI hAtha hai, aura hara ghaTanA karma se prabhAvita hokara ghaTita hotI hai, taba phira isa anAdikAlIna karmacakra ko kaise tor3A jA sakatA hai ? jIvana meM aneka ghaTanAeM aisI bhI hotI hai, jo karma se prabhAvita nahIM bhI hotii| satya to yaha hai ki jo ghaTanAe~ karma kI sImA meM AtI haiM, karma ke yogya hotI hai, ve hI karma ke prabhAva se ghaTita hotI haiN| saba ghaTanAe~ karma ke prabhAva se ghaTita nahIM hotii| Aja prAyaH Ama AdamI kI dhAraNA aisI bana gaI hai ki vaha sahasA kaha baiThatA hai-"kyA kareM, aise hI karma kiye the, isalie aisA ho gyaa| karmoM kA aisA hI bhoga thaa| hamAre basa kI bAta nahIM rhii|" vyAvahArika kSetra meM karmavAda se anabhijJa vyakti yaha kaha baiThate haiM"hamase yaha sAdhanA nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki karmoM kA aisA hI yoga hai|" isakA matalaba yaha hai ki aise vyaktiyoM ke mana meM yaha pakkI dhAraNA baiTha gaI hai ki 'hama saba karmAdhIna haiN| karma jaise nacAegA, vaise naaceNge| hama to karma ke hAtha kI kaThaputalI haiN|' isa kAraNa pratyeka ghaTita ghaTanA, cAhe vaha acchI ho yA burI, aise vyakti use karma ke sAtha jor3a dete haiM, aura yahI vizleSaNa karane lagate haiM-'yaha karma kA hI prabhAva hai| karma ke kAraNa hI aisI ghaTanA huI hai| anyathA, aisA nahIM hotaa|' parantu yaha karmavAda ke rahasya kI nAsamajhI hai, bahuta bar3I bhrAnti hai| yaha to vaisA hI huA-jisa prakAra IzvarakartRtvavAdI sArA uttaradAyitva Izvara para DAlakara svayaM nirdoSa ho jAte haiN| kahate haiM-'hama atyanta anajAna aura azaktimAna haiN| apane sukha-duHkha ke viSaya meM kyA For Personal & Private Use Only

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paMca-kAraNavAdoM kI samIkSA aura samanvaya 343 jAneM, Izvara hI jAnatA hai, usI kI preraNA se jIva naraka yA svarga meM jAte hai| sArA uttaradAyitva Izvara kA hI hai|' isI prakAra karmavAdI bhI karma para sArA uttaradAyitva DAlakara svayaM nirdoSa aura alaga ho jAte haiN| becArA karma phaMsa jAtA hai, AdamI svayaM baca jAtA hai| acchA-burA jo kucha bhI pariNAma hotA hai, sabakA uttaradAyitva karma para DAlakara svayaM alaga chiTaka jAte haiN| unake muMha se prAyaH ye hI udgAra nikalate haiM-"maiM kyA karatA / aisA hI karma thA, isalie usane aisA karAyA !" / isakA matalaba yaha huA ki unhoMne Izvara ko sarvazaktisampanna mAnane kI taraha karma ko hI sarvazaktisampanna mAna liyaa| phira to ve Izvara ko mAne yA karma ko, koI antara nahIM pdd'taa| kevala nAma kA hI antara rhaa| sarvazaktisampanna sattA meM parivartana koI nahIM huaa| parantu unheM isa mithyA dhAraNA ko mastiSka se nikAla denA cAhie ki karma yA anya kAla Adi koI bhI sarvazaktimAn sattA hai| sabhI kI zaktiyA~ sImita haiN| sarvesarvA karma, kAla Adi koI bhI zakti nahIM hai| prakRti ke vizAla sAmrAjya meM kisI ko adhinAyakatva yA ekAdhikAra (Monopoly) prApta nahIM hai| kucha zaktiyA~ kAla meM nihita haiM, kucha sva-puruSArtha meM, kucha paristhiti meM aura kucha svabhAva meM nihita haiM, to kucha zaktiyA~ karma meM bhI rahI huI haiN| caitanya kI vAstavika zakti puruSArtha meM nihita hai, jisake jariye vaha karma ko bhI badala sakatA hai| hamArI caitanyazakti kA pratIka athavA hamArI kSamatA kA abhivyakta rUpa puruSArtha hai| yadyapi kAla, svabhAva, niyati aura karma, ina sabhI tattvoM se manuSya baMdhA huA hai| aura jaba taka bandhana hai, taba taka vaha pUrNatayA svataMtra nahIM hai| ye sAre tattva manuSya kI svataMtratA ke pratibandhaka haiN| ve usakI parataMtratA ko bar3hAte haiM; tathApi yaha nizcaya samajha lIjie ki koI bhI prANI pUrNarUpa se parataMtra nahIM hai| agara vaha pUrNarUpa se parataMtra hotA to usakI cetanA kA astitva yA usakA vyaktitva hI samApta ho jaataa| ataH kAla, karma Adi jitane bhI tattva haiM, ve zaktimAna hote hue bhI sarvazaktisampanna nahIM haiN| ina sabakI zakti maryAdita hai| karma kI bhI apanI eka sImA hai| vaha AtmA para prabhAva DAlatA hai, parantu DAlatA hai usI AtmA para jisameM rAga-dveSa hoM, kaSAya hoM; rAgadveSarahita yA kaSAyarahita AtmA para karma kA koI bhI prabhAva nahIM par3atA, usakA vaza vahA~ nahIM cltaa| agara karma kI sArvabhauma sattA aura zaktisampannatA hotI to manuSya kI sAdhanA kA koI artha nahIM rhtaa| yadi manuSya bhrAntivaza aisA hI mAnatA calA jAe ki karma meM jo bhI jaisA bhI likhA hai, vaisA hI hogA; taba to For Personal & Private Use Only

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. 344 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) karmamukti kI kucha bhI sAdhanA karane kI jarUrata hI nahIM hai, na hI usa viSaya meM cintana-manana, zravaNa karane kI AvazyakatA hai, phira to karma ke bharose baiThe rahanA hogA-karma meM sAdhanA karanA likhA hogA, amuka bolanA, sunanA yA karanA likhA hogA, vaisA hI ho jaaegaa| parantu yaha mithyA dhAraNA hai| isI mithyA dhAraNA ke sahAre aneka logoM ne apanI garIbI, bImArI, duravasthA, vipatti, ajJAna Adi meM vRddhi kI hai| karmavAda kI isa galata dhAraNA ne bhAgyavAda ko prazraya diyaa| manuSya bhAgya ke bharose baiThA rahakara apane karmoM ko kosatA rahatA hai| vaha nahIM samajhatA ki sadbhAgya yA durbhAgya bhI to pUrvakRta zubha yA azubha puruSArtha kA phala hai| parantu karmavAda ke rahasya se anabhijJa loga apane puruSArtha ko bhUlakara mAnava jaisA karma kiyA hai, yA karatA hai, vaisA hI phala bhoganA par3egA, isa ekAnta dhAraNA ko mana meM biThA lete haiN| karmavAda ko ekAntataH uttaradAyI mAnakara ajJa loga apane puruSArtha kA dIpa svayaM bujhA dete haiN| aura jAne-anajAne isa prakAra ke gahana andhakAra meM bhaTaka jAte haiM ki "merA jaisA karma hai, tadanusAra hI phala prApta hogaa| maiM to asahAya hU~, karmaparavaza hU~, maiM kucha nahIM kara sktaa|" isalie jainadarzana sAdhanA kA mUlasUtra yahI batAtA hai ki jo karma kiyA hai, athavA kara rahe ho, usakA phala bhI karmAnusAra aura zIghra hI prAyaH nahIM miltaa| manuSya sAdhanA meM puruSArtha karane meM svataMtra hai| agara usakI cetanA jAga jAe, apane svarUpa aura zakti ko bhalIbhAMti samajhane laga jAe, tathA use karmamukti kA zuddha mArga mila jAe to koI bhI zakti use Age bar3hane se roka nahIM sktii| vaha AtmA ko karmoM se pUrNa anAvata karane meM sakSama ho sakatA hai| phira AtmA kI zakti karma ke sabhI bandhanoM ko tor3akara mukti kI ora agrasara ho sakatI hai, parataMtratA kI ber3iyoM ko tor3akara pUrNa svataMtratA prApta kara sakatI hai| ___ ataH karmavAda ke sAtha lagI huI isa bhrAnta dhAraNA ko mana se nikAla phaikiye ki karma hI saba kucha hai| karma bhI eka mAdhyama hai, jo apanI sImA meM pratyeka ajAgRta pramatta prANI ko prabhAvita karatA hai| agara karma hI saba kucha hotA to bhogoM meM AkaNTha DUbe hue dhannA evaM zAlibhadra jaise laukika Rddhisampanna vyakti kabhI unakA tyAga nahIM kara sakate the, na hI karmamukti ke lie itanI kaThora tapa-saMyama kI sAdhanA svIkAra kara sakate the| kyoMki karma svayaM acetana hai, vaha svayaM kisI ko tyAga, tapa, saMyama, pratyAkhyAna, saMvara Adi nahIM karA sktaa| jitane bhI karma haiM, unakA prayojana AtmA ko saMsAradazA meM bAMdhe rakhanA hai| tyAga karAnA karma kA prayojana nahIM hai| phira For Personal & Private Use Only

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paMca- kAraNavAdoM kI samIkSA aura samanvaya 345 bhI sAMsArika jar3a-cetana padArthoM meM atyanta Asakta athavA bhogoM meM AkaNTha DUbe hue yA kaSAyAdi vikAroM se atyanta grasta vyaktiyoM ko sahasA inheM tyAga karane kI prabala bhAvanA kyoM jAga jAtI hai ? isakA kAraNa karma nahIM hai, kintu vyakti kI antazcetanA hai, jo prabala zaktimAna hai, vahI vijAtIya tattvoM se nyUnAdhikarUpa meM satata saMgharSarata hai| AtmA ko apane sahaja saccidAnandasvarUpa avasthA kI ora jAne kI preraNA usI se milatI hai| agara vyakti jAgarUka hotA hai to kiye hue ghora karmoM ko bhI kSaNabhara kATa sakatA hai| karma se milane vAle saMbhAvita phala meM bhI vaha apane zuddha pariNAmoM kI dhArA se pracura parivartana kara sakatA hai| prasannacandra rAjarSi ke kAyotsargamudrA meM sthita rahate hI mana se ghora pApakarma baMdha gae the, kintu kucha hI samaya bAda unakI cetanA jAgRta huI, unhoMne apane svarUpa ko saMbhAlA aura utkRSTa zuddha pariNAma- dhArA meM bahakara pazcAttApa kI agni meM samasta karmoM ko bhasma kara ddaalaa| ve samasta karmabandhanoM se sarvathA mukta, siddha paramAtmA bana ge| ataH karma kI zakti aura usakI sImA ko samajhane se hI karmavAda kA rahasya hRdayaMgama ho skegaa| yadyapi kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda aura niyativAda, ina sabase karmavAda vyApaka hai / IzvarakartRtvavAdI bhI karmavAda ko mAnate haiM aura AtmakartRtvavAdI bhI karmavAda ko svIkArate haiN| phira bhI ekAnta karmavAda ko hI saba ghaTanAoM kA kAraNa mAna lenA mithyA dhAraNA hai| puruSArthavAda kI mImAMsA pAMca kAraNoM meM antima kAraNa puruSArtha hai / vaise dekhA jAe to pUrvakRta puruSArtha 'karma' kahalAtA hai aura vartamAna meM kiyA jAne vAlA karma 'puruSArtha kahalAtA hai| ye donoM karma ke hI do rUpa haiM / puruSArtha karma ko kATane yA badalane ke lie varttamAnakAlIna udyama hai - jJAnAdi ratnatraya - sAdhanA meM / ise puruSArtha, prayatna, udyama Adi bhI kahA jAtA hai / puruSArthavAda kA apanA darzana hai| usakA kathana hai ki saMsAra meM sabhI padArthoM yA dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa Adi padArthoM kI siddhi - prApti ke lie puruSArtha hI ekamAtra samartha hai| binA puruSArtha ke koI bhI kArya siddha nahIM hotaa| saMsAra meM pratyeka kArya ke lie nItikAra bhI udyama (puruSArtha) kA hI samarthana karate haiN| saMsAra meM jo kucha unnati, pragati, abhyudaya yA preya- zreya kI prApti hotI hai yA huI hai, vaha saba puruSArtha kA hI pariNAma hai| saMsAra ke vaicitrya, vaiSamya evaM vaisAdRzya kA kAraNa bhI prANI kA apanA-apanA puruSArtha hai / puruSArtha karane se manuSya apane abhISTa manoratha ko siddha kara sakatA hai, cAhe jisa vastu kI upalabdhi kara sakatA hai| bar3I-bar3I zaktiyA~, labdhiyA~, upalabdhiyA~ aura For Personal & Private Use Only

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346 karma - vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) siddhiyA~ bhI sAdhanA meM puruSArtha ke dvArA manuSya prApta kara letA hai / puruSArtha se vyakti bar3e se bar3e saMkaTa ko pAra kara letA hai| vanavAsI evaM sAdhanahIna zrIrAma ne puruSArtha kiyA to rAvaNa jaise mahAyoddhA ko parAjita karake laMkA para vijaya prApta kI aura rAvaNa dvArA apahRta mahAsatI sItA ko usake caMgula se mukta karake ayodhyA le aae| nItikAra bhI kahate haiM- "udyama se hI kArya siddha hote haiM, kevala manasUbe bAMdhane se nahIM / soye hue siMha ke muMha meM mRga praviSTa nahIM ho jAtA / " jo vyakti hAtha para hAtha dharakara baiThA rahatA hai, usake ghara ke AMgana meM lakSmI Akara nahIM basatI / udyogI puruSasiMha ke pAsa hI lakSmI AtI hai| jo kAyara aura AlasI hote haiM - ve hI kahA karate haiM ki daiva (bhAgya) svayaM degaa| ataH daiva ko chor3akara apanI zaktibhara puruSArtha kro| puruSArtha karane para bhI kArya siddha nahIM hotA hai to isameM kauna-sA doSa hai ? " : vyAvahArika dRSTi se soceM to bhI udyama kiye binA koI bhI vastu taiyAra nahIM hotii| tapelI meM pAnI garma karake usameM dAla DAle binA dAla nahIM pakatI, usameM cAvala DAle binA bhAta bhI nahIM pakatA / udyama se bar3e-bar3e abhedya durga manuSya ne banAe, aNubama, udjanabama Adi bhI banAe, jinase sAre vizva ko kampita kiyA jA sakatA hai| udyama dvArA mAnava ne jala, sthala aura AkAza para vijaya prApta kI / vaha una para vividha yAnoM dvArA drutagamana karane lgaa| bar3e-bar3e bA~dha aura sarovara udyama ke hI pratiphala haiN| udyama dvArA manuSya ne bar3e-bar3e uttuMga prAsAda (bilDiMga) banAe / karma bhI udyama (puruSArtha) ke binA nahIM hote| isalie karma kA janaka karttA yA pitA to udyama hI hai| ataH karma to udyama kA putra hai| karma ( pUrvakRta karmabandha) kA mUla kAraNa bhI to udyama hai| mokSamArga kI sAdhanA meM puruSArtha karake mAnava karmoM kI jaMjIroM ko tor3akara mukta ho jAtA hai| bharata aura bAhubalI, jo eka dina paraspara yuddharata the, saMgharSamagna the, apane samyak puruSArtha se karmoM ko khader3akara usI 1. (ka) udyamena hi sidhyanti kAryANi na manorathaiH / nahi suptasya siMhasya pravizanti mukhe mRgAH // (kha) udyoginaM puruSasiMhamupaiti lakSmI vena deyamiti kApuruSA vadanti / daivaM nihatya kuru pauruSamAtmazaktyA, yatkRte yadi na sidhyati, ko'tra doSaH // For Personal & Private Use Only - hitopadeza - hitopadeza

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paMca-kAraNavAdoM kI samIkSA aura samanvaya 347 bhava (janma) meM siddha-buddha-mukta ho ge| arjunamAlI jaisA krUra hatyArA banA huA mAnava tapa-saMyama evaM kSamA, samatA Adi dharmoM kI sAdhanA meM puruSArtha karake dIkSA lene ke chaha mahIne bAda hI samasta karmoM ko kSaya karake siddha-buddha-mukta ho ge| aise lokottara samyak puruSArtha ke eka nahIM, aneka udAharaNa haiN| puruSArtha se prANI karmoM para vijaya prApta karake ananta Atmika sukha ko prApta kara letA hai| aura to aura samyak puruSArtha se karma aura karmaphala meM bhI parivartana kiyA jA sakatA hai| karmoM meM paraspara saMkramaNa, udvartanA, apavartanA, udIraNA, upazamanA Adi karaNa puruSArtha para hI AdhArita haiN| jo kArya sahaja rUpa se nahIM ho sakatA, use puruSArtha ke bala para kiyA jA sakatA hai| kabhI-kabhI kAla aura svabhAva para bhI puruSArtha vijaya pA letA hai| puruSArtha se akAla (asamaya) meM Ama paidA kiyA aura pakAyA jA sakatA hai| svabhAva bhI puruSArtha se palaTA jA sakatA hai| udyama se abhyAsa hotA hai, abhyAsa se kAryakuzalatA aura vizeSajJatA AtI hai, aura inase Adata yA Teva (Habit) bana jAtI hai| Adata se pratyeka satkArya karane meM AsAnI ho jAtI puruSArtha kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki agara eka bAra meM kAma nahIM banatA hai to dUsarI bAra prayatna kiyA jA sakatA hai| dRr3hasaMkalpa, lagana aura utsAha ke sAtha puruSArtha karane se kaThinatama kArya bhI siddha hote haiN| dRr3hasaMkalpa aura puruSArtha ke bala para hI tenasiMha aura hilerI ne himAlaya kI 29202 phITa U~cI sarvocca coTI bhI sara kara lI thii| prabala puruSArthI ke lie prakRti bhI sahAyaka ho jAtI hai, vaha bhI mArga de detI hai| ___ ataH pAMcoM kAraNoM meM puruSArthavAda hI vizvavaicitrya kA prabala kAraNa hai| isIlie eka mahAn AcArya ne kahA hai-"kuru kuru puruSArtha nirvtaanndhetoH|" mokSa ke parama Ananda ko pAne ke lie puruSArtha karo-puruSArtha kro| puruSArthavAda-samIkSA - yaha ThIka hai ki pratyeka kArya kI siddhi meM puruSArtha bhI eka kAraNa hai, : parantu yadi kAla anukUla na ho, usa vastu kA vaisA banane yA karane kA svabhAva na ho, vaha vizva ke aTala naisargika niyama ke viruddha ho, tathA puruSArtha karane vAle ke pUrvakRta karma anukUla na hoM to cAhe jitanA puruSArtha karane para bhI vaha kArya siddha nahIM ho paataa| .. gautama gaNadhara tapa saMyama ke dhanI the, prabala puruSArthI the, bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pramukha antevAsI paTTaziSya the, karmoM ko jItane kA ve satata puruSArtha karate rahe, parantu jaba taka kAla nahIM paka gayA, taba taka unake mana For Personal & Private Use Only

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348 karma-vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) .. se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prati jo prazasta rAga (zubha moha) thA, vaha kSINa na ho skaa| unakA puruSArtha tabhI kRtakArya huA, jaba unhoMne apane svabhAva se usa prazasta rAga ko bhI dUra kara diyA, phalataH ghAtI karma bhI naSTa hue aura kAlalabdhi kI anukUlatA huii| isIlie ekAnta puruSArthavAda ko mAnanA zreyaskara nahIM hai| AcArya samantabhadra kA kathana hai ki daiva, karma, bhAgya aura puruSArtha ke viSaya meM ekAntadRSTi ko chor3akara sApekSadRSTi-anekAntavAdI dRSTi rakhanI caahie| jahA~ manuSya ke dvArA buddhipUrvaka puruSArtha (kama) na karane para . bhI use iSTa yA aniSTa vastu kI prApti ho, vahA~ daiva ko mukhya mAnanA cAhie, kyoMki usameM puruSaprayatna gauNa hai, daiva pradhAna hai aura jahA~ buddhipUrvaka prayatna se iSTAniSTa kI prApti ho, vahA~ sva-puruSArtha ko mukhya mAnanA cAhie, daiva aura karma ko gaunn| isa prakAra kahIM daiva pradhAna hotA hai, kahIM purussaarth| donoM eka dUsare ke pUraka-sahAyaka banakara hI kArya ko pUrNa karate haiN| niSkarSa yaha hai ki daiva aura puruSArtha ke samyak samanvaya se hI kAryasiddhi hotI hai| pAMca kAraNavAdoM kA samanvaya bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yaha siddhAnta hai ki ye pAMcoM kAraNa samanvita hone para hI karmavAda ke pUraka evaM sahayogI banate haiN| ye pAMcoM sApekSa haiM aura apane-apane sthAna para ThIka haiN| kAla prakRti kI vastu ke vyavasthitarUpa se pariNamana hone meM eka pramukha bhUmikA nibhAtA hai| pratyeka padArtha kA svabhAva bhI usake dvArA kArya hone meM sahAyaka tattva hai| niyati sArvabhauma jAgatika niyama (yUnivarsala laoN Universal law) hai, jo pratyeka kArya ke sAtha samAnarUpa se lAgU hotA hai| vyakti ne mana-vacana-kAyA se, jAne-anajAne, pUrvakAla meM sthUla-sUkSmarUpa se jo kucha kiyA-karAyA yA anumodita kiyA hotA hai, usa kriyA kA aMkana karmabandha ke rUpa meM hotA hai| aura phira samaya Ane para usa kriyA (karmarUpa se baddha kriyA) kI pratikriyA hotI hai| yahI purAkRta karma hai, jo pratyeka acchI-burI ghaTanA ke sAtha hotA hai| vartamAna meM jo kriyA kI jAtI hai, jisase karmoM kA Asrava yA bandha tathA saMvara, nirjarA yA mokSa hotA hai, vaha puruSArtha hai| vaise dekhA jAe to karma aura puruSArtha eka hI sikke ke do pahalU haiN| karma pahale kiyA huA (atIta kA) puruSArtha hai aura puruSArtha vartamAna kA puruSArtha hai| puruSArtha karane kA prathama kSaNa 'puruSArtha' kahalAtA hai aura usake vyatIta ho jAne para vahI puruSArtha atIta ho jAne se 'karma' kahalAne lagatA hai| 1. AptamImAMsA kArikA 88-91 / 2. karmavAda (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) se sAbhAra uddhRta pR. 130 For Personal & Private Use Only

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paMca-kAraNavAdoM kI samIkSA aura samanvaya 349 sarvatra paMcakAraNa-samavAya se kAryasiddhi saMsAra meM dekhA jAtA hai, pAMcoM kAraNa milane para yAnI pAMcoM kAraNoM ke samavAya-mela yA samanvaya se kArya hotA hai| pAMcoM meM se eka bhI kAraNa na ho to kArya niSpanna nahIM ho sktaa| pAMcoM aMguliyA~ ikaTThI hotI haiM, tabhI 'hAtha' banatA hai| hathelI ke lie pAMcoM aMguliyA~ eka dUsare se saMlagna hotI haiN| inameM choTI-bar3I aMgulI avazya hotI haiM, magara pAMcoM ke milane para hI 'pahoMcA' hotA hai| vastranirmANa kArya meM paMcakAraNasamavAya ___ kapar3A banAne ke lie bhI pAMcoM kAraNoM kA mela honA Avazyaka hai| ruI ke svabhAva se vaha kAtI jAtI hai, kAlakrama se vaha sUta bunA jAtA hai, aura usakI bhavitavyatA (niyati) ho, tabhI vastra taiyAra hotA hai| anyathA usameM aneka vighna Ate haiM, bunakara bImAra par3a jAtA hai, athavA kisI kAraNavaza anupasthita rahatA hai, Adi aadi| bunakara puruSArtha karatA hai, tabhI vastra bananA zurU ho jAtA hai, sAtha hI pahanane vAle ke zubhakarmodaya ho tabhI vastra pUrNarUpa se taiyAra hotA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki vastranirmANa meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, karma aura puruSArtha ye pAMcoM upasthita hoM tabhI kArya sampanna hotA hai, anyathA nhiiN| ina pAMcoM meM se eka bhI na ho to kArya sampanna nahIM hotA, yaha anubhavasiddha hai| AgraphalaprApti meM paMcakAraNa-samavAya .. mAna lIjie, eka bAgavAna hai, vaha apane bAga meM Ama kA vRkSa lagAkara usake phala pAnA cAhatA hai| vaha pahale yaha dekhegA ki Ama kI guThalI meM hI Ama hone kA svabhAva hai, aura Ama se Ama honA prakRti kA aTala niyama (niyati) bhI hai| kintu bhUmi ThIka karake Ama kI guThalI bone kA puruSArtha na karegA to Ama nahIM hogaa| ataH bone kA puruSArtha karatA hai| sAtha hI nizcita kAla kA paripAka huA yA nahIM ? yaha bhI bAgavAna dekheNgaa| kyoMki kAla kI avadhi pUrI hue binA Ama ke per3a para usakA phala nahIM lgegaa| kAla kI maryAdA pUrNa hone para bhI yadi karma anukUla nahIM ho to bhI Ama laganA kaThina hai| itanA saba hone para bhI kabhI-kabhI bhavitavyatA na ho to samaya para lagane vAlA Amra-phala bhI nahIM lgtaa| honI ko kauna TAla sakatA hai ? ataH pAMcoM kAraNoM meM se eka yA do hoM aura bAkI ke na hoM to bhI kArya meM saphalatA nahIM mila sktii| vidyAdhyayanakArya meM paMcakAraNa-samavAya vidyAdhyayana karake vidvAn bananA cAhane vAle vidyArthI ko bhI ina pAMcoM kAraNoM kA vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| adhyayana karane meM citta kI For Personal & Private Use Only

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350 karma - vijJAna : karmavAda kA aitihAsika paryAlocana (2) ekAgratArUpa svabhAva, tatpazcAt par3hane meM samaya kA yogadAna, phira adhyayana karane kA puruSArtha ye tInoM to Avazyaka haiM hii| sAtha hI par3hane vAle ke jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSaya kSayopazama kA tathA zubhakarma kA udaya ho evaM prakRti ke niyama kI anukUlatA (niyaMti) kA bhavitavyatA kA bhI dhyAna rakhA jAe to adhyayana karane vAlA vidyArthI vidvAn bana sakatA hai| mokSaprAptirUpa kArya meM paMcakAraNa samavAya mokSaprApti jaise kArya ke lie bhI pAMcoM kAraNoM kA samavAya Avazyaka hai| kAla bhI mokSaprApti meM anivArya hai| kAla ke binA sampUrNa.. karma-mokSarUpa kArya kI siddhi asambhava hai| yadi kAla ko hI kAraNa mAna liyA jAe, taba to abhavya jIva bhI mokSa prApta kara leMge, parantu unakA svabhAva mokSa prApta karanA nahIM hai| bhavyoM kA hI mokSa prApti kA svabhAva hone se ve hI mokSa prApta kara skeNge| yadi kAla aura svabhAva donoM ko hI mokSarUpa kArya ke kAraNa mAna liye jAe~ to sabhI bhavya eka sAtha mokSa meM cale jAe~ge, aisA asambhava hai| kintu ina donoM ke sAtha niyati kA yoga jinheM milegA, ve hI bhavya jIva samaya para mokSa meM jaaeNge| yadi kAla, svabhAva aura niyati, ye tInoM hI mokSaprApti ke kAraNa mAna liye jAte to magadharAja zreNika kabhI ke mokSa prApta kara lete, kintu ve apane jIvana meM mokSa ke anurUpa sampUrNa karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya karane kA puruSArtha nahIM kara sake, isalie pUrvokta kAraNatraya kA yoga hone para bhI ve mokSa na pA sake / isalie mokSa prApti ke lie pUrvokta tIna kAraNoM ke sAtha hI pUrvakRta karmakSaya aura ratnatrayasAdhanA meM puruSArtha ye donoM kAraNa hone bhI anivArya haiN| zAlibhadramuni pUrvakRta karmoM kA sampUrNa kSaya na hone ke kAraNa mokSa prApta nahIM kara skeN| marudevI mAtA ne bhI svabhAvaramaNarUpa bhAvoM ke puruSArtha tathA kSapakazreNI para ArUr3ha hokara zukladhyAnarUpapuruSArtha ke kAraNa mokSa prApta kiyA thaa| ataH pAMca kAraNoM kA sApekSa samanvaya hI kAryasiddhi ke lie Avazyaka hai| kArya meM ina pAMcoM kI gauNatA - mukhyatA sambhava yaha ThIka hai ki kisI kArya meM koI eka mukhya ho, dUsare saba gauNa hoN| parantu aisA sambhava nahIM hai ki akelA koI eka hI tattva svataMtrarUpa se kArya siddha kara de| isalie yaha to mAnA jA sakatA hai ki kisI samaya kAla kI, kisI samaya svabhAva kI, aura kisI samaya niyati kI mukhyatA pratIta hotI hai / kisI samaya bhoktA kA bhAgya mukhyarUpa se sAmane AtA hai, tathA kisI samaya apratyAzita rUpa se kisI anirdhArita prasaMga meM honahAra (bhavitavyatA) Age A jAtI hai| parantu pAMcoM meM se eka bhI anupasthita ho to kArya nahIM bana sktaa| mukhyatA-gauNatA to uthalI dRSTi se dekhane para mAlUma hotI hai, For Personal & Private Use Only

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paMca - kAraNavAdoM kI samIkSA aura samanvaya 351 vastutaH gaharAI meM utarakara bArIkI se dekhane para pAMcoM hI kAraNa dRSTigocara hote haiN| jagatvaicitrya kA pradhAna kAraNa : karma vAstava meM jagat-vaicitrya evaM vaividhya kA pradhAna kAraNa karma hai| puruSArtha usakA sahacara hai| vaha karma ke antargata hI A jAtA hai| isalie karma pAMcoM kAraNoM meM sabase vyApaka hai| bAkI ke kAlAdi tIna kAraNa karma ke sahakArI kAraNa haiN| karma ko pradhAnatA dene se puruSArtha ko poSaNa aura samarthana milatA hai, jo ki pratyeka kArya ke bAhya yA antaraMgarUpa meM anivArya hai| puruSArtha se prANiyoM meM Atmabala evaM AtmavizvAsa paidA hotA hai| caitanya kA svapuruSArtha hI uttaradAyI isake atirikta ina pAMcoM kAraNoM meM uttaradAyI bhI AtmA kA apanA puruSArtha hai / vyakti kA apanA kartRtva- puruSArtha isalie uttaradAyI hai ki kAla, svabhAva, niyati aura karma meM cAroM to acetana (jar3a) haiM, paristhiti aura vAtAvaraNa, bhavitavyatA aura zarIra ke avayava Adi bhI acetana haiN| acetana kadApi uttaradAyitva kA vahana nahIM kara skte| uttaradAyitva kA vahana cetana hI kara sakatA hai / puruSArtha kA sambandha cetana se hai| jisameM caitanya, jJAna, viveka yA bodha ho, usI meM dAyitva nibhAne kI kSamatA hotI hai| vyakti kA sArA puruSArtha cetanA ke sAtha sambaddha hai| vaha dAyitvabodha, usakA svIkAra aura nirvAha karane se baca nahIM sktaa| isalie kahanA hogA ki kAla, svabhAva, niyati aura karma, ye cAroM uttaradAyI nahIM haiM, uttaradAyI hai caitanyazIla jJAnamaya mAnavAtmA kA apanA puruSArtha / vaha apane kisI bhI AcaraNa, vyavahAra yA kartRtva kI jimmevArI se chUTa nahIM sktaa| vaha isase kathamapi TAlamaTUla nahIM kara sakatA ki- "maiM kyA jAnUM - karma ne mujhase aisA karAyA, yA svabhAva ke kAraNa aisA huA athavA honahAra hI aisA thA, jamAnA hI paMcamakAla yA kaliyuga kA hai, usameM maiM kyA karatA ?" kAla Adi saba sahakArI kAraNa evaM dAyitvanirvAha meM parokSa evaM taTastha nimitta va sahAyaka ho sakate haiM, kintu vyavahAra, AcaraNa yA kArya ke morce para to vyakti ke apane puruSArtha ko hI dAyitva kI bAgaDora saMbhAlanI hogii| isa prakAra karmavAda ke aitihAsika paryAlocana ke sandarbha meM hamane karmavAda kI jar3oM ko sIMcane evaM ukhAr3ane meM sAdhaka-bAdhaka kAraNa vAdoM kI samIkSA kI hai| ina para manoyogapUrvaka cintana karane se karmavijJAna kA sArA rahasya samajha meM A jaaegaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-vijJAna (tRtIya khaNDa) For Personal & Private Use Only

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354 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) karma kA virAT svarUpa 1. karma - zabda ke vibhinna artha aura rUpa 2. karma ke do rUpa : dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma 3. karma : saMskArarUpa bhI, pudgalarUpa bhI 4. karma kA parataMtrIkAraka svarUpa 5. kyA karma mahAzaktirUpa hai ? 6. karma mUrtarUpa yA amUrta AtmaguNarUpa ? 7. karma kA prakriyAtmaka svarUpa 8. karma aura nokarma : lakSaNa, kArya aura antara 9. karmoM ke karma, vikarma aura akarmarUpa 10. karma kA zubha aura azubha rUpa 11. sakAma aura niSkAma karma : eka vizleSaNa 12. karmoM ke do kula : ghAtIkula aura aghAtIkula 13. karma ke kAlakRta trividha rUpa 14. karma kA sarvAMgINa svarUpa For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-zabda ke vibhinna artha aura rUpa 1 karma-zabda ke vibhinna artha aura rUpa karma kA sArvabhauma sAmrAjya aura vizvAsa bhAratIya jana-jIvana meM karma - zabda bAlaka, yuvaka aura vRddha sabhI kI jabAna para car3hA huA hai| yahI nahIM, vizva ke samasta zreNI ke vicAraka, dArzanika, manovaijJAnika, tattvacintaka, sAhityakAra, patrakAra, kavi, lekhaka tathA svarNakAra, lohakAra, darjI, nAI Adi zilpI evaM kRSaka, zramajIvI, gRhodyogI tathA sabhI prakAra ke vyavasAyI, kArakhAnedAra, naukarI peze vAle evaM rAjanaitika eka yA dUsare prakAra se karma se sambandhita evaM prabhAvita haiM / bhAratIya dharma, rAjanIti, samAjataMtra, arthataMtra, sAhitya, saMskRti, vijJAna, darzana, kalA, parivAra, jJAti, nIti Adi jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM karma kA sArvabhauma sAmrAjya hai| karma aura usase milane vAle phala para vizvAsa rakhakara ina sabhI kSetroM ke mAnava kArya karate haiM, aura dhairyapUrvaka usake pariNAma (phala) kI pratIkSA karate haiN| kRSaka, zramajIvI, pahalavAna, vidyArthI, vyavasAyI Adi jo bhI karma karate haiM, kyA usakA phala unheM turanta mila jAtA hai ? phira bhI ve zraddhA aura niSThApUrvaka satkarma karate haiM aura usakA phala bhI pAte haiN| karmazabda kA prayoga vibhinna kSetroM meM, vibhinna arthoM meM isa prakAra karmazabda sabhI Astika dharmagranthoM, darzana, upaniSadoM tathA dharmazAstroM, zabdazAstroM, vidhi (kAnUna) zAstroM, samAjavijJAna, bhautikavijJAna, manovijJAna, arthazAstra, nAtizAstra, kAmazAstra Adi lokottara evaM laukika zAstroM tathA jagat ke pratyeka vyavahAra, pravRtti athavA kArya meM prayukta. hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vibhinna vyavahAroM meM 'karma' zabda kA prayoga vibhinna arthoM meM hotA hai / isa dRSTi se khAnA-pInA, calanA-phiranA, uThAnA rakhanA, nahAnA-dhonA, sonA- jaganA, bolanA - mauna rahanA, dekhanAsunanA, sUMghanA sparza karanA, zvAsocchvAsa lenA chor3anA, socanAvicAranA, cintana karanA, jInA maranA ityAdi samasta zArIrika 355 For Personal & Private Use Only

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356 . karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT. svarUpa (3) . . mAnasika-vAcika kriyAoM ko karma kahA jAtA hai| isI ko kArya, kAma vyApAra yA pravRtti bhI kahate haiN| itanA hI nahIM, jIvana ke kisI bhI spandana, halacala yA kriyA ke lie 'karma' zabda kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai phira vaha kriyA cAhe jar3azakti kI ho yA caitanyazakti kii| zilpI, karmakara tathA AjIvikAparAyaNa logoM ke AcAryopadezaja zilpa yA anAcAryopadezaja kRSi, gopAlana, vANijyAdi kAryoM yA luhAra, suthAra, sunAra Adi ke kAryoM ko arthAt-sabhI kAma-dhandhoM aura vyavasAyoM ko bhI 'karma' kahate haiN| bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne asi, masi, kRSi ke antargata vividha karma yaugalikoM ko sikhAye the|' karmazabda : kriyAparaka artha meM, vibhinna paramparAoM meM isI apekSA se nyAya aura vaizeSika darzanoM ne calanAtmaka artha meMAtmA ke saMyoga aura prayatna ke dvArA hAtha Adi se hone vAlI kriyA ko karma kahA hai| vahA~ karma kA lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai-"jo eka dravya hodravyamAtra meM Azrita ho, jisameM koI guNa na rahe tathA jo saMyoga aura vibhAga meM kAraNAntara kI apekSA na kare, vaha karma hai|" vahA~ karma ke utkSepaNa, avakSepaNa, AkuMcana, prasAraNa aura gamana, ye pA~ca bheda batalAye gae haiN| 1. (ka) 'kriyate nivartyate yat tatkarma ghaTa-prabhRti lakSaNe kaarye|' -vizeSAvazyakabhASya (kha) yat kriyate tatkarma -SaTkhaNDAgama bhA. 6, pR. 18 (ga) 'yogo vyApAraH karma kriyetynrthaantrm|' -vizeSAvazyaka (gha) bhramaNAdi kriyAyAm (Ga) karmano siddhAnta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara) pR.3 meM 'karma eTale zuM ?. (ca) karma-mImAMsA pR. 2 (cha) 'jIvanavRttauM, -upAsakadazAMga a.1 (ja) 'jIvikArthe Arambhe;-paMcAzaka, vivaraNa 1 (jha) 'kammANi taNahAragAdINi' --AcA. cU. 1 a.. (Ja) kammaM jamaNAyariovadesa sippmnnhaa'bhihiy| kisi-vANijjAIya, ghaDa-lohAi-bheyaM vaa| -A. ma. dvi. abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa meM 'kamma' zabda pR. 244 (Ta) "anAcAryakai karma, sAcAryakaM zilpamathavA'kAdAcitkaM zilpaM kAdAcitka tu karma, zilpaM tu nitya vyaapaarH|" -bhagavatI sUtra za. 12, u. 5 vRtti 2. (ka) "Atma-saMyoga-prayatnAbhyA haste krm|" -vaizeSika darzana 5/1/1/150 (kha) eka dravyaguNaM saMyoga-vibhAgeSvanapekSakAraNamiti krm-lkssnnm| -vahI 1/117 (ga) utkSepaNaM tato'vakSepaNamAkuJcanaM tthaa| prasAraNaM ca gamana karmANyetAni paMca c||' -nyAya-siddhAnta-muktAvalI 6 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-zabda ke vibhinna artha aura rUpa 357 vaiyAkaraNoM ne karma-kAraka ke artha meM karma zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| aura karma kI paribhASA kI hai - kartA ke lie jo atyanta iSTa ho, arthAtkartA apanI kriyA ke dvArA jise prApta karanA cAhatA hai, vaha karma hai| " dUsare zabdoM meM- jisa para kartA ke vyApAra kA phala giratA hai, vaha karma hai| vaidika paramparA meM vedoM se lekara brAhmaNa (grantha) kAla taka yajJa-yAga Adi nitya naimittika kriyAoM ko 'karma' kahA gayA hai| arthAt - 'vaidika kAla ke prasiddha azvamedha, naramedha, gomedha Adi, putrakAma, svargakAma, kArIrI Adi veda - vihita yajJoM ke lie jo kriyAe~ kI jAtI haiM, tathA unake sampAdana ke liye jo bhI vidhi-vidhAna nizcita kiye gaye haiM, ve saba 'karma' mAne gae haiN| vaidika yuga meM yaha mAnA jAtA thA ki ina yajJAdi karmoM kA anuSThAna devoM ko prasanna karane ke lie karanA cAhie tAki deva prasanna hokara - usake kartA kI manokAmanA pUrNa kara skeN| smArta-vidvAnoM ne brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ina cAra varNoM tathA brahmacarya, gRhastha, vAnaprastha evaM saMnyAsa, ina cAra AzramoM ke lie niyata yA vihita karttavyoM evaM maryAdAoM ke pAlana karane ko 'karma' kahA hai|' paurANikoM ke mata meM vrata, niyama Adi dhArmika kriyAe~ 'karma' kahalAtI hai| bhagavadgItA meM karmavAda kevala mImAMsakoM dvArA pratipAdita yajJa-yAga Adi kriyAkANr3oM ke artha meM athavA varNAzrama dharma ke anusAra kiye jAne vAle smArta-kAryoM ke hI saMkucita artha ke prayukta nahIM huA hai, apitu phalAkAMkSArahita hokara anAsaktabhAva se yA samarpaNabhAva se kRta karma tathA sahajakarma, jJAnayuktakarma, karmakauzala Adi sabhI prakAra ke kriyA- vyApAroM ke vyApaka artha meM 'karma' zabda prayukta huA hai / " bauddha dArzanikoM ne bhI zArIrika, vAcika aura mAnasika, ina tInoM prakAra kI kriyAoM ke artha meM 'karma' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| tathApi vahA~ kevala 'cetanA' ko ina kriyAoM meM pramukhatA dI gaI hai| cetanA ko 'karma' * 'karturIpsitatamaM karma' (ka) AtmamImAMsA (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ) (kha) jJAna kA amRta (paM. jJAnamunijI) manusmRti dharmanirNayasindhu Adi (ka) gItA rahasya pR. 55-56 (kha) bhagavadgItA a. 5 zlo. . 8-11 - pANinikRta aSTAdhyAyI 1/4/49 For Personal & Private Use Only

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358 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . . kahate hue tathAgata buddha ne kahA hai-"bhikssuo| cetanA hI karma hai, aisA maiM kahatA huuN| cetanA ke dvArA hI (jIva) karma ko vANI se, kAyA se yA mana se karatA hai|" isakA Azaya itanA hI hai ki cetanA ke hone para hI ye sabhI karma (kriyAe~) sambhava haiN| Azraya, svabhAva aura samutthAna kI dRSTi se trividha karma bauddha dRSTi se isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne likhA hai-" usameM sabhI karmoM kA sApekSa mahatva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| Azraya, svabhAva aura samutthAna kI dRSTi se tInoM prakAra ke karmoM ko apanA-apanA viziSTa sthAna hai| Azraya kI dRSTi ke kAyakarma hI pradhAna hai| kyoMki manaHkarma aura vAcAkarma bhI kAyA para hI Azrita haiN| svabhAva kI dRSTi se vAkkarma hI pradhAna haiM, kyoMki kAya aura mana svabhAvataH karma nahIM haiN| karma unakA sva-svabhAva nahIM hai| yadi samutthAna (Arambha) kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to manaHkarma hI pradhAna hai; kayoMki sabhI karmoM kA Arambha mana se hai|" samutthAna ke AdhAra para karmoM kA dvividha vargIkaraNa bauddhadarzana meM samutthAna kAraNa ko pramukhatA dekara hI yaha kahA gayA hai ki cetanA hI karma hai| sAtha hI isI AdhAra para karmoM kA eka dvividha vargIkaraNa bhI kiyA gayA hai-"cetanA karma aura cetayitvA krm| cetanA mAnasa karma hai aura cetanA se utpanna hone ke kAraNa zeSa donoM vAcika aura kAyika karma cetayitvA karma kahe gae haiN|"2 / karma ke artha meM kriyA se lekara phalavipAka taka samAviSTa AcArya narendradeva ke nimnokta udgAroM se yaha spaSTa hai ki kevala cetanA (Azaya) aura karma hI sakala karma nahIM haiN| (unameM) karma ke pariNAma kA bhI vicAra karanA hogaa|' tAtparya yahI hai ki bauddhadarzana meM 'karma' zabda kA artha 'kriyA' taka hI sImita nahIM hai, apitu kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika kriyAe~ vizuddha cetanA dvArA hone se, usa para prabhAva par3anA svAbhAvika hai| tathA usake phalasvarUpa bhAvI kriyAoM kA nizcaya aura una bhAvI kriyAoM se samutpanna anubhava Adi bhI kriyA meM parigaNita ho jAte haiN| isalie yahA~ bhI 'karma' zabda ke artha meM kriyA, kriyA kA uddezya, usake 1. bauddha dharmadarzana aura anya bhAratIya darzana meM uddhRta aMguttaranikAya ke zloka se 2. (ka) jaina karmasiddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) (kha) bauddhadharmadarzana pR. 249 (AcArya narendradeva) For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-zabda ke vibhinna artha aura rUpa 359 karane kI icchA aura usake prabhAva evaM phalavipAka taka ke samasta tathyoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai|' jainadRSTi se karma ke artha meM kriyA aura usake hetuoM kA samAveza jainadarzana meM sAmAnyarUpa se karma kA artha kriyAparaka hI kiyA gayA hai, kintu yaha usakI eka AMzika vyAkhyA hai| karmagrantha meM karma kI spaSTa paribhASA isa prakAra kI gaI hai - "jIva (AtmA) ke dvArA mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya evaM yoga Adi hetuoM (kAraNoM) se jo kiyA jAtA hai, vahI 'karma' kahalAtA hai| " jainadarzana ke anusAra karma ke antargata karma ke hetu aura tadanurUpa kriyA, ye donoM tattva sannihita haiN| karmazabda samagra kArya - artha meM vyApaka yadi vyApaka dRSTi (nizcaya aura vyavahAra ubhaya dRSTi) se dekhA jAe to karma-zabda samagra kAryoM ke artha meM ghaTita ho jAtA hai| phira vaha kArya dravyAtmaqa ho yA bhAvAtmaka, parispandanarUpa ho yA pariNamanarUpa, kriyArUpa ho yA pryaayruup| kyoMki 'kArya' use hI kahA jAtA hai - jo kisI eka samayavizeSa meM prArambha hokara kisI dUsare samayavizeSa meM samApta ho jaae| isa dRSTi se 'karma' yA 'kArya' nitya na hokara utpanna-dhvaMsI hote haiN| yahI 'paryAya' kA lakSaNa hai|' karmazabda meM kriyA se lekara phala taka ke sAre artha samAviSTa ataH jainadarzana ke anusAra karmazabda kevala kriyA, kArya yA saMskAra ke artha meM hI parisImita nahIM hai, apitu vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa se AtmA se sambaddha aisA artha liyA gayA hai, jisameM jIva ke dvArA hone vAlI pratyeka kriyA se lekara phala taka ke sAre artha samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| karma : spandanakriyArUpa trividha yoga yaha to pratyeka vyakti kA anubhava hai ki jIva kA spandana tIna prakAra kA hotA hai - kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika / pratyeka jIva zarIra se kucha na kucha kriyA karatA hai| jina (dvIndriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke) prANiyoM ke rasanendriya (jihvA) hai, ve vacana se kucha na kucha bolate haiM tathA jina " asaMjJI jIvoM ke dravyamana nahIM hai, unake sivAya zeSa samasta saMjJI (samanaska) jIva mana se kucha na kucha socate - vicArate haiN| ye tIna kriyAe~ haiM, jo pratyeka ke anubhavagocara hotI haiN| ye kriyAe~ to bAhya haiN| inake sivAya tIna 1. bauddha dharma darzana pR. 255 (AcArya narendradeva) 2. "kIrai jieNa heuhiM jeNaM to bhaNNaeM kammaM / " 3. karma siddhAnta ( jinendra varNI) pR. 42 For Personal & Private Use Only - karmagrantha prathama, gA. 1

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360 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) Abhyantara kriyAe~ bhI haiM, jo vizeSa spandana rUpa hotI haiN| inheM yoga kahate haiN| jaise ki tattvArthasUtra meM kahA hai-"kAya, vacana aura mana kA vyApAra, yoga hai| - yoga eka viziSTa prakAra kI spandana kriyA hai, jo kAya, vacana aura mana ke nimitta se hotI hai| isI ko SaTkhaNDAgama meM trividha prayoga karma' kahA gayA hai| yathA-"vaha tIna prakAra kA hai-manaHprayoga-karma, vacanaprayogakarma aura kaay-pryogkrm| vaha saMsAra-avasthA meM sthita jIvoM ke aura sayogikevaliyoM ke hotA hai|"2 ___ ina tInoM yogoM yA prayogoM meM kAya, vacana aura mana Alambana haiM aura jIva kI spandanakriyA karma hai| ataH kAya ke nimitta se jIva kI spandanakiyA ko kAyayoga, vacana ke nimitta se usakI spandanakriyA ko vacanayoga aura mana ke nimitta se hone vAlI usakI spandanakriyA ko manoyoga kahate spandanakriyAjanya saMskAra bhI karmazabda ke artha meM sannihita jIva kI karmarUpI yaha spandanakriyA yahIM samApta nahIM ho jAtI, apitu jina-jina bhAvoM se yaha spandanakriyA hotI hai, usake saMskAra apane pIche chor3a jAtI hai| isI tathya ko 'karmavAda aura janmAntara' meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai-"ye (karmajanya) saMskAra cirakAla taka sthAyI rahate haiN| isakA dRSTAnta hamAre liye aparicita nahIM hai| hama jise smRti kahate haiM, jisake phalasvarUpa pUrvAnubhUta vastu kA smaraNa hotA hai, vaha saMskAra ke sivA aura hai hI kyA ? smRti kI yaha karAmAta hama pratidina dekhate haiN| prAkRtika jagat meM bhI saMskAra ke kucha kama dRSTAnta nahIM haiN| phonogrApha (yA TeparikArDara) yaMtra ke samIpa koI gIta gAyA jAe to vaha gIta saMskAra ke rUpa meM usa yaMtra meM surakSita rahatA hai| pIche yukti se usakA udbodhana karane para vahI gIta punaH zrutigocara hone lagatA hai|" (Telivijana, vIDiyo kaiseTa Adi yaMtroM meM zabdoM ke atirikta vaha dRzya bhI aMkita hokara saMskArarUpa meM surakSita ho jAtA hai, jise punaH-punaH dekhA-sunA jA sakatA hai|) "kintu ina (prakRtijanya) saMskAroM kA AdhAra jIva ko nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki jIva kA saMskAra pudgala ke Alambana se hotA hai| ataH 1. "kAya-vAG-manaHkarma yogH|" -tattvArthasUtra a. 6, sU. 1 2. te tiviha - maNappaoakammaM vacipaoakamma kAyapaoakammaM // 16 // taM saMsArAvatyANaM vA jIvANaM sajogi-kevalINaM vaa||17|| -SaTkhaNDAgama 13/5, 4 sU. 16-17 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-zabda ke vibhinna artha aura rUpa 361 jina bhAvoM se spandanakriyA hotI hai, unake saMskAra kSaNa-kSaNa meM jIva dvArA gRhIta pudgaloM meM hI saMcita hote rahate haiN|"1 pudgaloM kA yoga aura kaSAya ke kAraNa karmarUpa meM pariNamana isI tathya kA samarthana tattvArtha rAjavArtika meM kiyA gayA hai-jisa prakAra pAtra-vizeSa meM DAle gaye aneka rasa vAle bIja, puSpa aura phaloM kA madyarUpa meM pariNamana ho jAtA hai usI prakAra AtmA meM sthita pudgaloM kA bhI yoga aura kaSAya ke kAraNa karmarUpa se pariNamana ho jAtA hai| kArmaNapudgaloM kA hI karmarUpa se pariNamana . yadyapi pudgaloM kI mukhya jAtiyA~ aneka (teIsa) haiM, parantu ve saba pudgala isa kAma nahIM aate| mAtra kArmaNavargaNA nAmaka pudgala hI isa kAma meM Ate haiN| ye atisUkSma aura samasta loka meM vyApta haiN| jIva (mana-vacana-kAya kI) spandana-kriyA dvArA inheM pratisamaya grahaNa karatA hai aura apane bhAvoM ke anusAra inheM saMskArarUpa meM saMcita karake karmarUpa se pariNata kara letA hai| ___isa prakAra karmazabda jainadarzana ke anusAra tIna arthoM meM prayukta hotA (1) jIva kI spandana-kriyA, (2) jina bhAvoM se spandana-kriyA hotI 1, (ka) mahAbandho pustaka 2 meM karmamImAMsA (pa. phUlacanda siddhAntazAstrI) se pR. 16-17 . (kha) 'karmavAda aura janmAntara' se 2. yathA bhAjanavizeSa prakSiptAnA vividha rasa-bIja-puSpa-phalAnA madirAbhAvena pariNAmaH, tathA pudgalAnAmapi Atmani sthitAnAM yoga-kaSAyavazAt karmabhAvena pariNAmo veditvyH| -tattvArtha rAjavArtika (akalaMkadeva) pR. 294 3. (ka) pudgaloM kI mukhya 23 jAtiyA~ (vargaNAe~) hai-(1) aNuvargaNA, (2) saMkhyAtANuvargaNA, (3) asaMkhyAtANuvargaNA, (4) anantANuvargaNA, (5) AhAravargaNA, (6). agrAhyavargaNA, (7) taijasavargaNA, (8) agrAhyavargaNA, (9) bhASAvargaNA, (10) agrAhyavargaNA, (11) manovargaNA, (12) agrAhyavargaNA, (13) kArmaNavargaNA, (14) dhuvavargaNA, (15) sAntara-nirantaravargaNA, (16) zUnyavargaNA, (17) pratyekazarIravargaNA, (18) dhruvazUnyavargaNA, (19) bAdara-nigodavargaNA, (20) zUnyavargaNA, (21) sUkSma-nigodavargaNA, (22) zUnyavargaNA aura (23) mhaaskndhvrgnnaa| -gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 14 kha. 5 A. 6 (kha) paramANUhi aNantAhi vaggaNa-saNNA du hodi ekkA hu|' -gommaTasAra jIvakANDa gA. 244 (eka vargaNA anantAnanta paramANuoM ke pracayarUpa hotI hai|) For Personal & Private Use Only

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362 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) hai, unake saMskAra se yukta kArmaNa-pudgala aura (3) ve bhAva (rAgadveSAdi), jo kArmaNa pudgaloM meM saMskAra ke kAraNa hote haiN| ' saMskArayukta kArmaNapudgala : cirakAla taka jIva se sambaddha jIva kI spandanakriyA aura bhAva usI samaya nivRtta ho jAte haiM, kintu saMskArayukta kArmaNa-pudgala jIva ke sAtha cirakAla taka sambaddha rahate haiN| ye yathAsamaya yathAyogyarUpa se apanA kAma karake hI nivRtta hote haiN| ye kAlAntara meM phala dene meM sahAyatA karate haiM, isalie inakI dravyakarma meM parigaNanA kI jAtI hai / trividha dravyakarma : vibhinna apekSAoM se Azaya yaha hai ki saMsArI jIva ke rAgAdi pariNAma aura spandanakriyA hotI hai, isaliye ye donoM to usake karma haiM hI, kintu inake nimitta se kArmaNa nAmaka pudgala karmabhAva ( jIva kI AgAmIparyAya ke nimitta bhAva ) ko prApta hote haiN| isa dRSTi se inheM bhI karma kahate haiM / ye trividha dravyakarma haiN| kArmaNa pudgala 'karma' kyoM aura kaise kahe jAte haiM ? paMcAdhyAyI meM batAyA gayA hai ki "jIva tathA pudgala meM bhAvavatI tathA kriyAvatI zakti pAI jAtI hai| zeSa cAra dravyoM (dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla) meM tathA pUrvokta do sahita chahI dravyoM meM bhAvavatI zakti upalabdha hotI hai| pradezoM ke saMcalanarUpa parispandana ko kriyA kahate haiM aura eka vastu meM hI jo dhArAvAhI pariNamana hotA hai, vaha bhAva hai|" isase spaSTa hai ki jIva aura pudgala meM halana calana pAye jAne se jIva aura pudgalavizeSa kA bandha hotA hai, kyoMki jIva meM vaibhAvika zakti kA sadbhAva hai| isalie rAgAdi bhAvoM ke kAraNa vaibhAvikazaktiviziSTa jIva kArmaNavargaNA ko apanI ora AkarSita karatA hai| isa kAraNa jIva kA karmoM ke sAtha sambandha (saMzleSa) hotA hai| isase kArmaNa pudgala bhI karmabhAva ko prApta hone se ve bhI karma kahalAte haiN| ' 1. mahAbandho pu. 2 kI 'karmamImAMsA prastAvanA' se pR. 17 2. (ka) vahI, pR. 17 (kha) tadvyatirikta dravyakarma-nikSepa 3. (ka) bhAvavantau kriyAvantau dvAvetau jIva- pudgalau / tau ca zeSa-catuSkaM ca SaDete bhaav-sNskRtaaH|| tatra kriyA- pradezAnAM parispanda-saMcalanAtmakaH / bhAvastatpariNAmo'sti dhArAvAhyekavastuni // (kha) ayaskAntopalAkRSTa-sUcIvat tada- dvayoH pRthak / - paMcAdhyAyI a. 2/ 25-26 asti zaktiH vibhAvAkhyA mitho bandhAdhikAriNI // -paMcAdhyAyI a. 2/42 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-zabda ke vibhinna artha aura rUpa 363 dravyakarma kI vyAkhyA DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra "karma-pudgala se tAtparya una jar3aparamANuoM (zarIra-rAsAyanika tattvoM) se hai, jo prANI kI kisI kriyA ke kAraNa AtmA kI ora AkarSita hokara usase apanA sambandha sthApita karake karma-zarIra kI racanA karate haiM aura samaya-vizeSa ke pakane para apane phala (vipAka) ke rUpa meM vizeSa prakAra kI anubhUtiyA~ utpanna kara alaga ho jAte haiN| inheM dravyakarma kahate haiN|" karmazabda kA abhidheyArtha aura vyaJjanArtha ___abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'karma' zabda kA sAmAnya abhidheyArtha kriyA hai, kintu jaba usake vyaMjanArtha ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, taba jIva ke dvArA hone vAlI kriyA meM AtmazaktiyoM ko AvRta karane vAle kArmaNa vargaNA ke tathA anya paudgalika paramANuoM ke saMyoga ko, tathA usa saMyoga ke kAraNa AtmA meM samutpanna viSaya-kaSAyoM ke saMskAroM ke karmarUpa se pariNamana ko bhI karma kahA jAtA hai| karma ke samAnArthaka zabda : vibhinna paramparAoM meM __ inhIM saMskAroM ko lekara paralokavAdI jitane bhI darzana haiM, unakA mantavya hai ki pratyeka zubha yA azubha kArya apane pIche saMskAra chor3a jAte haiN| inhIM saMskAroM kA 'karma' ke samAnArthaka zabda ke rUpa meM unhoMne prayoga kiyA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne jise 'karma' kahA hai, usake bhI paryAyavAcI vibhinna zabdoM kA prayoga AgamoM aura granthoM meM yatra-tatra milate haiN| jaina Adi purANa meM 'karma' zabda kevala kriyArUpa meM hI parilakSita nahIM hotA, apitu karmarUpI brahmA ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke rUpa meM vibhinna arthoM ko abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai-"vidhi (kAnUna yA prakRti ke aTala niyama), sraSTA, vidhAtA, daiva, purAkRta aura Izvara, ye karmarUpI brahmA ke paryAyavAcI zabda haiN|"2 anya darzanoM ne bhI karmazabda ke samAnArthaka mAyA, avidyA, apUrva, vAsanA, avijJapti, Azaya, adRSTa, saMskAra, bhAgya, daiva, dharmAdharma Adi zabda prayukta kiye haiN| ____ Azaya yaha hai ki sabhI Astika dharmoM aura darzanoM ne eka aisI sattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai, jo AtmA kI vibhinna zaktiyoM ko, tathA AtmA kI 1. jainakarma-siddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) pR. 12 2. vidhiH sraSTA vidhAtA ca daivaM karma puraakRtm| . Izvarazceti paryAyA vijJeyAH krmvedhsH|| -AdipurANa (mahApurANa) 4/37 For Personal & Private Use Only

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364 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) zuddhatA ko prabhAvita, AvRta evaM kuNThita kara detI hai| usake nAma, karma ke badale, una-una darzanoM aura dharmo ne bhale hI bhinna-bhinna diye hoN| jaise kibauddha darzana meM use vAsanA aura avijJapti kahA gayA hai| " vaidAntadarzana meM usI ko mAyA aura avidyA kahA hai / " sAMkhya darzana meM usako prakRti yA saMskAra kahA gayA hai| ' yogadarzana meM usake lie kleza, karma, Azaya Adi zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai / " nyAyadarzana meM prayukta adRSTa aura saMskAra zabda bhI isI artha ke dyotaka haiN| " vaizeSika darzana meM 'dharmAdharma' zabda bhI jainadarzana prayukta karma zabda kA samAnArthaka hai / " zaivadarzana kA 'pAza' zabda bhI jainadarzana meM prayukta karma zabda kA paryAyavAcaka hai| mImAMsA darzana meM apUrva zabda bhI karma ke artha meM prayukta hai| " daiva, bhAgya, puNya-pApa Adi aneka zabda aise haiM, jinakA prayoga sAmAnyatA sabhI darzanoM meM huA hai| jainAgamoM meM 'karma' ke baddale kahIM karmaraja, karmamala Adi zabda bhI milate haiN| " bhAratIya darzanoM meM cArvAkadarzana (lokAyatika) hI aisA darzana hai, jisakA karmavAda meM vizvAsa nahIM hai; kyoMki vaha AtmA kI svataMtra sattA hI nahIM maantaa| isalie vaha karma aura usake dvArA hone vAle svarga-naraka, tiryaJcaloka evaM manuSyaloka Adi paraloka aura punarjanma ko nahIM maantaa| 1. abhidharma koSa, pariccheda 4 2. brahmasUtra zAMkarabhASya 2/1/14 3. (ka) sAMkhyakArikA (kha) sAMkhya tattva - kaumudI 4. (ka) yogadarzana (vyAsabhASya) 1-5, 2-3; 2-12; 2-13 (kha) yogadarzana bhAsvatI tathA tattvavaizAradI (ka) nyAyabhASya 1/1/2 (kha) nyAyasUtra 1/1 / 17, 4/1/3-9 (ga) nyAyamaMjarI pR. 471 5. 6. evaM ca kSaNabhaMgitvAt, saMskAradvArikaH sthitaH / karmajanya-saMskAro, dharmAdharmagirocyate // 7. (ka) mImAMsA sUtra, zAbarabhASya 2/1/5 (kha) tantravArtika 2 / 1/5 (ga) zAstradIpikA 2/1/5 pR. 80 8. (ka) adRSTa karma - saMskArAH puNyApuNye zubhAzubhau / dharmAdhamau tathA pAzaH paryAyAstasya kIrtitAH // (kha) ummuM ca pAsaM iha macciehiM (ga) tayA dhuNai kammarayaM / (gha) sa niddhaNe dhuttamalaM pure kaDaM / - nyAyamaMjarI pR. 472 - zAstravArtA- samuccaya 107 - AcArAMga 1/3/2 - dazavai. 4/20 - dazavai. a. 7 gA. 57 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-zabda ke vibhinna artha aura rUpa 365 IsA, mohammada aura mUsA ne 'karma' zabda ke artha ke dyotaka 'zaitAna' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| karmazabda ke hI ye paryAyavAcI zabda haiM, jinheM vibhinna darzanoM aura dharmaparamparAoM ne apane-apane granthoM meM aMkita kiyA hai| chaha dravyoM meM kathaMcit dravyakarmatva kriyA zabda karma kA paryAyavAcaka hai| isa apekSA se 'dhavalA' meM kahA gayA hai-"dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, kAla, jIvAstikAya aura pudgalAstikAya ye chahoM dravya svabhAva se pariNamanazIla haiN| apane-apane svabhAva ke anurUpa unameM prati samaya pariNamana kriyA hotI rahatI hai| isI kAraNa chahoM dravyoM kA 'dravyakarma' se bhI grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai-"jo dravya sadbhAvakriyAniSpanna haiM, ve saba dravyakarma haiN| jIva dravya kA jJAna-darzanAdirUpa se hone vAlA pariNAma usakI sadbhAvakriyA. hai| pudgala dravya kA varNa-gandha-rasa-sparzavizeSarUpa se hone vAlA pariNAma usakI sadbhAva kriyA hai| isI prakAra dharma-adharma dravya kA jIva evaM pudgaloM ko gati-sthiti meM heturUpa honA, tathA kAla aura AkAza dravya kA sabhI dravyoM ke pariNamana evaM avagAha meM nimitta rUpa hone vAlA pariNamana una-una dravyoM kI sadbhAvakriyA hai| ityAdi kriyAoM dvArA ve dravya sadbhAva se hI niSpanna haiM, isalie saba dravyakarma haiN| dravyakarma hone se ye karma bhAvakarmatA kI koTi meM taba taka nahIM Ate, jaba taka ve jIva ke rAgadveSAdi pariNAmoM se AkRSTa hokara sambaddha na ho jaaeN| vAstava meM vahI kriyAe~ bandhakakarmarUpa hotI haiM, jo AtmA ke dvArA prApta hoM, yAnI jo rAgadveSayukta cetanakRta hoN| phira jIva ke kaSAyAdiyukta pariNAma (bhAvakama) ke nimitta se pariNamana ko prApta huA pudgala bhI karma (dravyakarma=baMdhakAraka kama) kahalAte haiN| jainadRSTi se karma sAmAnya kA vyutpattilabhya artha karma zabda kA vyutpattilabhya artha kartRvAcya, karmavAcya aura bhAvavAcya, tInoM prakAra ke vigrahoM (vyutpattiyoM) se niSpanna hotA hai| rAjavArtika 1. (ka) bAibila (kha) kurAnazarIpha 2. "jIvadavvassa NANadaMsaNehi pariNAmo sabbhAva-kiriyA, poggaladavvassa vaNNa-gaMdha-rasa-phAsa-visesehiM pariNAmo sbbhaav-kiriyaa|..... evamAdIhi kiriyA hi jANi (davvANi sabbhAva kiriyA) NipphaNANi sahAvado ceva davvANi, taM savvaM dvvkmmnnaam||" -dhavalA khaNDa 13/5, 4 sUtra 14/43/7 For Personal & Private Use Only

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366 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) meM batAyA gayA hai ki karmazabda kartA, karma aura bhAva tInoM sAdhanoM meM vivakSAnusAra (karmAsrava ke prakaraNa me) parigRhIta hai| Azaya yaha hai ki kAraNabhUta pariNAmoM kI prazaMsA kI vivakSA meM kartRdharma kA Aropa karane para vahI pariNAma svayaM dravya-bhAvarUpa kuzala-akuzala karmoM ko karatA hai, ataH vahI karma hai| AtmA kI pradhAnatA meM vahI kartA hotA hai, aura pariNAma hotA hai-krnn| taba yaha vyutpatti (vigraha) hotI hai-jinake dvArA kiye jAe~, vaha karma hai|' sAdhya-sAdhana-bhAva kI vivakSA na hone para svarUpa mAtra kA kathana karane se kRti (kriyA) ko bhI karma kahate haiN| isI taraha anya : kArakoM kI bhI upapatti kI jA sakatI hai| jainadarzana kI dRSTi se karmasAmAnya ke ye vyutpattilabhya artha bhI ho sakate haiN|' 1. "karmazabdasya kAdiSu sAdhaneSu saMbhavatsu icchAto vizeSo'dhyavaseyaH / .... karaNaprazaMsAvivakSAyA kartRdharmAdhyArope sati yaH pariNAmaH kuzalamakuzala vA dravyabhAvarUpaM karotIti krm| AtmanaH prAdhAnyavivakSAyAM kartRtve sati pariNAmasya karaNatvopapatteH, bahulApekSayA kriyate'nena karme tyapi bhvti| sAdhyasAdhana- bhAvAnabhidhitsAyAM svarUpAvasthita-tattvakathanAt kRtiH karmetyapi bhvti| evaM zeSakArakopapattizca yojyaa|" -tattvArtha rAjavArtika 6/1/7/504/26 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma ke do rUpa : bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma 367 2 karma ke do rUpa : bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma karma kA dravyAtmaka evaM bhAvAtmaka rUpa jainadarzanasammata karma ke svarUpa ko sarvAMgINa rUpa se samajhane ke lie karma ke bhAvAtmaka aura dravyAtmaka donoM pakSoM para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| AtmA ke mAnasika vicAra aura una vicAroM (manobhAvoM) ke preraka yA nimitta; ye donoM hI tattva 'karma' meM tAne-bAne kI taraha mile hue haiN| karmavijJAna kI samucita vyAkhyA ke lie karma ke AkAra (Form) aura usakI viSayavastu (Matter) donoM para dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai| AtmA ke manobhAva usake AkAra haiM, aura jar3a-karma-paramANu usakI viSayavastu hai / ' 'gommaTasAra' meM karma ke ina cetana aura acetana pakSoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA hai- karmasAmAnya bhAvarUpa karmatva kI dRSTi se eka hI prakAra kA hai, kintu vahI karma dravya aura bhAva ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| jJAnAvaraNIyAdi pudgaladravya kA piNDa dravyakarma hai aura usakI cetanA ko prabhAvita karane vAlI zakti, athavA usa piNDa meM phala dene kI zakti bhAvakarma hai| karma kA nirmANa : jar3a aura cetana donoM ke mizraNa se parantu jainadarzanasammata karma - vijJAna kA adhyayana - manana karate samaya isa tathya ko avazya yAda rakhanA cAhie ki karma kA nirmANa jar3a aura cetana donoM ke sammizraNa se hI hotA hai| jar3a aura cetana donoM ke sammizraNa hue binA karma kI racanA ho nahIM sakatI / dravyakarma ho yA bhAvakarma, donoM meM jar3a aura cetana donoM prakAra ke tattva mile rahate haiN| yadyapi dravyakarma meM pudgala kI mukhyatA aura Atmika tattva kI gauNatA hotI hai, jabaki bhAvakarma meM 1. dekheM - jaina karma siddhAnta : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) pR. 13 2. (ka) "poggalapiMDo davvaM tassatti bhAvakammaM tu / " - gommaTasAra karmakANDa 6 ( AcArya nemicandra ) --vahI, (karmakANDa) 6/6 (kha) kammattaNeNa ekkaM davvaM bhAvoti hodi duvihaM tu / For Personal & Private Use Only

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368 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) Atmika tattva kI mukhyatA aura paudgalika tattva kI gauNatA hotI hai| yadyapi bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma meM AtmA aura pudgala kI pradhAnatAapradhAnatA hote hue bhI donoM meM eka-dUsare kA sadbhAv-asadbhAva nahIM hotaa|' Azaya yaha hai ki AtmA, AtmA rahatI hai aura pudgala, pudgala / samayasAra (tAtparya vRtti) meM kahA gayA hai ki sunAra Adi zilpI AbhUSaNa Adi ke nirmANa kA kArya karatA hai, kintu vaha AbhUSaNa-svarUpa nahIM hotaa| usI prakAra jIva (dravya-bhAva) karma (bandha) karatA huA bhI karmasvarUpa nahIM hotaa| isI kAraNa bhAvakarma ko do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai-jIvagata aura pudgalagata / krodhAdibhAva kI vyaktirUpa bhAvakarma jIvagata hai aura pudgalapiNDa kI zakti pudgaladravyagata bhAvakarma hai| jaise-mIThe-khaTTe dravya ko khAte samaya mIThe-khaTTe svAda kI vyakti kA vikalpa paidA hotA hai, vaha jIvagata bhAva hai, tathA usa vyakti ke kAraNabhUta mIThe-khaTTe dravya kI jo zakti hai, vaha pudgaladravyagata bhAva hai| karmabaddha saMsArI jIva meM hI jar3a-cetana-mizraNa se karmadvaya rUpa yadi bhAvakarma ko AtmA kA zuddha pariNAma (vatti) aura dravyakarma ko pudgala-paramANuoM kA zuddhapiNDa mAnA jAegA to phira zuddha AtmA aura karma meM tathA karma aura pudgala meM koI antara hI nahIM raha jaaegaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki vyavahAranaya se karma ke kartRtva aura bhoktRtva kA sambandha saMsArI (karma-sambaddha) AtmA se hai, mukta AtmA se nhiiN| mukta AtmA to karmoM se sarvathA rahita zuddha-buddha-mukta vizuddha-caitanyarUpa hI hotA hai| saMsArI AtmA karmo se baddha hotA hai| usameM jar3a aura caitanya kA mizraNa hotA hai| baddha AtmA kI kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika pravRtti ke kAraNa jo pudgalaparamANu AkRSTa hokara paraspara mila jAte haiM, nIra-kSIravat yA agni se taptalohagolakavat ekameka-se ho jAte haiM, ve karma kahalAte haiN| isa taraha karma meM jar3a aura cetana kA mizraNa gauNa-mukhyarUpa se rahane ke kAraNa karma ke mukhyataH do rUpa batalAe haiN| 1. karmavAda : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana (jinavANI karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka meM upA. devendramuni) ke lekha se pR. 26 2. (ka) jaha sippio u kamma kuvvai Na ya so u tammao hoi| taha jIvo vi ya kamma kuvvadi Na tammao hodi|| -samayasAra gA. 349 (kha) samayasAra tAtparyavRtti gA. 190-192 : bhAvakarma dvividha bhavati-jIvagataM pudgalakarma-gataM c| tathAhi-bhAvakrodhAdi-vyaktirUpa jIvabhAvagataM bhnnyte| pudgalapiNDa-zaktirUpaM pudgldrvygtN| 3. upAcArya devendra muni : karmavAdaH eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana pR. 26 (jinavANI karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka) For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma ke do rUpa : bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma 369 karma ke do rUpa : ajIvakarma aura jIvakarma isI tathya kA vizleSaNa karate hue 'samayasAra' meM kahA gayA hai - jo mithyAtva, yoga, avirati aura ajJAna ajIva hai, vaha to pudgala karma hai aura jo mithyAtva, avirati aura ajJAna jIva ( sambaddha) hai, vaha upayoga rUpa rAgadveSAdika jIva karma hai / ' inhIM donoM ko kramazaH dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma kahate haiN| dravyakarma dravyarUpa aura bhAvakarma bhAvarUpa hote haiN| saMsArI AtmA aura karma meM antara kyA ? prazna hotA hai - saMsArI AtmA bhI jar3a aura cetana kA mizraNa hai aura karma meM bhI vahI bAta hai, taba donoM meM antara kyA hai? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki saMsArI AtmA kA cetana aMza jIva kahalAtA hai, aura jar3a aMza krm| kintu ve cetana aura jar3a aMza isa prakAra ke nahIM haiM jinakA saMsAra - avasthA meM alaga-alaga rUpa se anubhava kiyA jA ske| inakA pRthakkaraNa muktAvasthA meM hI hotA hai / saMsArI AtmA sadaiva karma se yukta hotI hai| jaba vaha karma se mukta ho jAtI hai, taba saMsArI AtmA nahIM, muktAtmA kahalAtI hai| karma jaba AtmA se pRthak ho jAtA hai, taba vaha karma nahIM, zuddha pudgala kahalAtA hai|' dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma : donoM AtmA se sambaddha yahI kAraNa hai ki AtmA se sambaddha pudgala ko dravyakarma aura dravyakarma se yukta AtmA kI pravRtti ko bhAvakarma kahA jAtA hai| paM. sukhalAlajI ne bhI dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma donoM ko jIva se sambaddha batAte hue kahA hai- bhAvakarma AtmA kA vaibhAvika pariNAma hai, isase usakA upAdAnarUpa karttA jIva hI hai aura dravyakarma, jo ki kArmaNajAti ke pudgaloM kA vikAra hai; usakA bhI karttA nimittarUpa se jIva hI hai / ' 'AptaparIkSA' meM bhI isI tathya kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai - jIva ke jo dravyakarma haiM, ve paudgalika haiM aura unake aneka bheda haiM tathA jo bhAvakarma haiM, ve AtmA ke caitanya- pariNAmAtmaka haiM, kyoMki ve AtmA se kathaMcit abhinnarUpa se sva-vedya pratIta hote haiM aura ve krodhAdikaSAya rUpa haiN| 1. "puggala kammaM micchaM jogo aviradi aNNANamajIvaM / uvaogo aNNANaM avirai micchaM ca jIvo du || " 2. karmagrantha prathama bhAga prastAvanA (paM. sukhalAlajI) pR. 21 3. karmavAda : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana ( jinavANI karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka meM prakAzita upAcArya devendra muni ke lekha) se, pR. 26 4. " dravyakarmANi jIvasya pudgalAtmAnyanekadhA // " bhAvakarmANi caitanya-vivarttAtmani bhAnti nu / krodhAdIni svavedyAni kathaMcida bhedataH // " - samayasAra gA. 88 - AptaparIkSA zlo. 113, 114 For Personal & Private Use Only

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370 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) 'tattvArthasAra' meM bhI isI lakSaNa kA samarthana karate hue kahA gayA haijIva ke rAgadveSAdi vikAra bhAvakarma kahalAte haiM aura rAgadveSAdi bhAvakarmo ke nimitta se AtmA ke sAtha baMdhane vAle acetana (kArmaNa) pudgala paramANu dravyakarma kahalAte haiN| paM. jJAnamunijI ke anusAra-"jIva ke mAnasa meM jo vicAradhArA calatI hai, saMkalpa-vikalpa hote haiM, krodhAdi kaSAya Adi manobhAva utpanna hote haiM; kisI ko lAbha-hAni pahu~cAne kA mAnasika Ayojana calatA hai, phalAkAMkSA hotI hai, ye saba mAnasika vikAra 'bhAvakama' meM parigaNita hote haiN| una mAnasika vikAroM ke AdhAra para jIva ke jo pArzvavartI paramANu AtmA ke sAtha jur3ate haiM, Atma-pradezoM se sambandha sthApita karate haiM, unheM 'dravyakarma ke antargata mAnA jAtA hai| jIvoM ke sukha-duHkhAdi anubhavoM athavA zubhAzubha karma-saMkalpoM ke lie karma-paramANu bhautika kAraNa haiM aura unake manobhAva caitasika kAraNa haiN| jainakarmavijJAna ke anusAra karma-paramANuoM kI prakRti kA nirdhAraNa manovikAroM ke AdhAra para aura manovikAroM kI prakRti kA nirdhAraNa karmaparamANuoM ke AdhAra para hotA hai| jinendravarNI ke zabdoM meM-"karma do prakAra kA hotA hai-dravyarUpa aura bhaavruup| gamanAgamana (saMkoca-vikAsAdi) rUpa kriyA dravyakarma hai aura pariNamana rUpa paryAya bhAvakarma hai|.....pryojnvshaat pudgala ko dravyAtmaka padArtha aura jIva ko bhAvAtmaka padArtha mAnA gayA hai| isalie pudgala kI paryAya dravyakarma aura jIva kI paryAya bhAvakarma hai| jainazAstroM meM batAyA gayA hai-pudgala kI paryAya kriyApradhAna hai aura jIva kI bhaavprdhaan|" donoM kramazaH yoga aura upayoga se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa donoM karmoM kA sambandha jIva ke sAtha hai| karma aura pravRtti meM kArya-kAraNa bhAva ko lekara dravya-bhAva karma anAdikAlIna karmamaloM se yukta sAMsArika jIva rAgAdi kaSAyoM se saMtapta hokara apane mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRttiyoM yA kriyAoM se karmavargaNA ke pudgala-paramANuoM ko AkarSita kara letA hai| mana, vacana, kAyA kI pravRtti tabhI hotI hai, jaba jIva ke sAtha karma sambaddha ho, isI 1. tatvArthasAra 5/24/9 2. jJAna kA amRta (paM. jJAnamunijI) se pR. 10 3. jaina karma siddhAnta : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) se pR. 13 4. karma-siddhAnta (jinendravarNI) pR. 43 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma ke do rUpa : bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma 371 prakAra jIva ke sAtha karma tabhI sambaddha hotA hai, jaba mana-vacana-kAyA kI kriyA yA pravRtti ho| isa taraha pravRtti se karma aura karma se pravRtti kI paramparA anAdi kAla se cala rahI hai| karma aura pravRtti meM kArya-kAraNabhAva ko lakSya meM rakhate hue kArmaNajAti ke pudgala-paramANuoM ke piNDarUpa karma ko dravyakarma aura tajjanita rAga-dveSAdi pariNAmoM se huI pravRttiyoM ko bhAvakarma kahA gayA hai| dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma kI utpatti kI prakriyA Azaya yaha hai ki yadyapi karma zabda kA artha kriyA yA pravRtti hai, kintu jainadarzana kevala yahI artha svIkAra nahIM krtaa| saMsArI jIva kI pratyeka mAnasika-vAcika-kAyika pravRtti yA kriyA to karma hai hI, parantu vaha bandhakAraka tabhI banatA hai jaba jIva ke pariNAma rAga, dveSa, moha, kaSAya Adi se yukta hoN| vahI rAgadveSAtmaka pariNAma bhAvakarma kahalAtA hai| - jainadarzana kA mantavya hai ki isa samagra loka meM DibiyA meM bhare hue kAjala kI taraha sUkSma aura bAdara karma-pudgala-paramANu ThasAThasa bhare hue haiN| aisA koI bhI sthAna nahIM hai, jahA~ karma-pudgala-paramANu na hoN| lekina ye samasta karma-pudgala-paramANu karma nahIM khlaate| inakI vizeSatA yahI hai ki inameM 'karma' banane kI yogyatA hai| kintu pahale mAnasa meM kisI bhI taraha kA kampana-spandana hotA hai, arthAt-mana meM prazasta, aprazasta, puNyarUpa, pAparUpa saMkalpa-vikalpa paidA hotA hai| karmayogya pudgala sarva lokavyApI hone se, jahA~ AtmA hai vahA~ pahale se vidyamAna rahate haiN| jisa kSetra meM Atma-pradeza haiM, usI kSetra meM rahe hue anantAnanta karmayogya pudgala karmayukta jIva ke rAga-dveSAdirUpa pariNAmoM se AtmapradezoM ke sAtha baddha ho jAte haiN| arthAt-pUrvokta zubhAzubha adhyavasAyoM se bAhara ke anantAnanta karma-pudgala paramANu AtmA kI ora AkRSTa hokara AtmA se cipaka (sambaddha ho) jAte hai| AtmapradezoM se sambaddha yA saMyukta ye karma-paramANu hI jainadRSTi se dravyakarma kahalAte haiN| upAdAna, nimitta aura naimittika kAraNa ke siddhAntAnusAra dravya-bhAvakarma . yaha to sarvamAnya tathya hai ki kisI bhI kArya ke lie nimitta aura 1. karmavAda : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana (upAcArya devendramuni) (jinavANI karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka) se pR. 25 2. AtmamImAMsA se (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) pR. 95 3. (ka) paMcAstikAya gA. 64 (AcArya kundakunda) (kha) paMcAstikAya TIkA (AcArya amRtacandra) se (ga) jainadarzana aura AtmavicAra (DaoN. lAlacandra jaina) pR. 184 For Personal & Private Use Only

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372 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) upAdAna donoM hI kAraNa anivArya haiN| kArya sadaiva kAraNa-sApekSa hotA hai| upAdAna aura nimitta donoM hI prakAra ke kAraNa pratyeka kArya meM hote haiN| viziSTa-saMyoga ko prApta hone vAle do yA aneka padArthoM meM se vaha padArtha jisameM ki kArya prakaTa hotA hai, upAdAna kahalAtA hai, jabaki zeSa eka yA aneka padArtha, jinakI sahAyatA kI apekSA ke binA vaha kArya honA asambhava hotA hai, vaha nimitta hai aura vaha kArya usakA naimittika hai| dUsare zabdoM meM nimitta nAma 'kAraNa' kA hai aura naimittika usa kArya kA hai, jo kisI vivakSita padArtha meM usa nimitta kI sahAyatA se utpanna huA hai| 'upAdAna' nAma usa vivakSita padArtha kA hai, jo svayaM usa kArya yA paryAya ke rUpa meM pariNata huA hai| jaise-ghaTa kI utpatti meM kumhAra, daNDa, cakra, cIvara Adi nimitta kAraNa haiM, ghaTa naimittika haiM aura miTTI upAdAna hai| jaina karmavijJAna ke anusAra AtmA (jIva) ke pratyeka karma-saMkalpa ke lie upAdAna rUpa meM bhAvakarma (manovikAra) aura nimittarUpa meM 'dravyakarma' (karma-paramANu) kA honA anivArya hai| bhAvakarma AtmA ke vaibhAvika pariNAma (mithyAtva-kaSAyAdi rUpa AtmA ke bhAva) haiM isalie svayaM AtmA hI usakA upAdAna hai, kyoMki ghaTa ke Antarika (upAdAna) kAraNa miTTI kI taraha bhAvakarma kA Antarika (upAdAna) kAraNa AtmA hai| dravyakarma sUkSma kArmaNa jAti ke paramANuoM kA vikAra hai| jaise kumbhakAra ghar3e kA nimitta kAraNa hai, vaise hI AtmA usakA nimitta kAraNa hai| bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma kI paraspara nimitta naimittika zrRMkhalA jIva ke yoga (mana-vacana-kAyA kI pravRtti arthAt-pradeza parispanda) kA nimitta pAkara karmavargaNAe~ usake prati svataH AkarSita ho jAtI haiM aura idhara-udhara se gatimAna hotI huI usa jIva ke pradezoM meM praveza karake dravyakarma ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtI haiN| phira jIva ke upayoga kA arthAt-rAga-dveSa-mohAtmaka 'bhAvakarma' kA nimitta pAkara ke 'dravyakarma' anubhAga tathA sthiti (bandha) ko dhAraNa karake kucha kAla paryanta usI avyakta avasthA meM jIva ke sAtha ba~dhe rahate haiN| yaha sthiti pUrNa hone para dravyakarma paripAkadazA ko prApta hokara udaya meM AtA hai, yAnI phalonmukha hotA hai| jisakA nimitta pAkara jIva meM yoga aura upayoga utpanna hote haiN| isa prakAra bhAvakarma se dravyakarma aura dravyakarma se bhAvakarma kI yaha aTUTa nimitta-naimittika zrRMkhalA pravAharUpa se anAdikAla se calI A rahI hai| 1. karmasiddhAnta (jinendra varNI) se pR. 48-49 2. (ka) vahI, pR. 49 (kha) jainakarma siddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) pR. 13 3. karmasiddhAnta (jinendra varNI) pR. 159 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma ke do rUpa : bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma 373 donoM kAraNoM kA svarUpa aura paraspara eka dUsare ke nimitta isase spaSTa hai ki jIva kI zubhAzubha pravRtti kA mUla kAraNa bhAvakarma (mAnasika) hai, lekina usa mAnasika vRttiyoM ke lie jisa bAhya kAraNa kI apekSA hai, vahI dravyakarma hai| Azaya yaha hai ki manovikAroM, kaSAyoM yA vaibhAvika bhAvoM kI utpatti svataH nahIM ho sakatI, usake lie bhI kAraNa apekSita hai| sabhI bhAva jisa nimitta kI apekSA rakhate haiM, vahI 'dravyakarma' hai| isI prakAra jaba taka AtmA meM rAga-dveSa-kaSAyAtmaka bhAvakarma kI upasthiti na ho, taba taka karma-pudgala-paramANu jIva ke lie karma (karmabandhana) ke rUpa meM pariNata nahIM ho skte| ataH zrI amaramuni jI ke anusAra bhAvakarma ke hone meM pUrvabaddha dravyakarma nimitta hai aura vartamAna meM badhyamAna dravyakarma meM bhAvakarma nimitta hai|' bhAvakarma dvArA dravyakarma kI utpatti ___ tAtparya yaha hai ki bhAvakarma dvArA yAnI jIva kI ukta kriyA dvArA kArmaNajAti ke ajIva-karma-pudgala AtmA ke saMsarga meM Akara usase cipaka jAte haiN| AtmA ko ve bandhana meM DAla dete haiM, AtmA kI svAbhAvika zaktiyoM ko kuNThita kara dete haiM, isa kAraNa ve dravyakarma kahalAte haiN| bhAvakarma kriyA hai, dravyakarma hai-phala yadyapi dravyakarma pudgala haiM, kintu ve jIva ke dvArA kaSAyAdivaza AkRSTa kiye jAte haiM, isalie unheM aupacArika rUpa se karma kahA gayA hai| vastutaH AtmA kI kriyA yA usake karma se utpanna hone ke kAraNa yahA~ kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra kiyA gayA hai| bhAvakarma kAraNa hai, aura dravyakarma kaary| jIva kI pravRtti yA kriyA bhAvakarma hai, aura usakA phala hai-drvykrm| ina donoM meM kArya-kAraNa bhAva hai| dravya-bhAvakoM meM dvimukhI kAryakAraNabhAva . arthAt-rAga-dveSAdimaya vaibhAvika pariNAma bhAvakarma haiM aura usa vaibhAvika pariNAmoM se AtmA meM jo kArmaNa vargaNA ke pudgala sarvAtmanA cipakate haiM, ve dravyakarma kahalAte haiN| isa apekSA se dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma meM nimitta-naimittika rUpa dvimukha kArya-kAraNabhAva sambandha hai| arthAtbhAvakarma ke hone meM dravyakarma nimitta hai aura dravyakarma meM bhAvakarma nimitt| 1. (ka) jaina karma siddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) se pR. 14 (kha) zrI amarabhAratI nava. 1965 pR. 9 2. AtmamImAMsA (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) se pR. 96 3. dharma aura darzana (upA. devendramuni) se pR. 45 For Personal & Private Use Only

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374 . karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . . yaha kArya-kAraNabhAva murgI aura aNDe ke paraspara kAryakAraNabhAva ke samAna hai| murgI se aNDA utpanna hotA hai, isalie murgI kAraNa hai aura aNDA kArya; kintu yaha bhI tathya hai ki jisa prakAra aNDA murgI se utpanna hotA hai, usI prakAra murgI bhI to aNDe se hI utpanna huI hai| ataH donoM meM kArya-kAraNabhAva to hai, kintu donoM meM pahale kauna, pIche kauna ? yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| saMtati kI apekSA se inakA pArasparika kAryakAraNa bhAva anAdi hai|' isI prakAra bhAvakarma se dravyakarma utpanna hotA hai, isa nAte bhAvakarma ko kAraNa aura dravyakarma ko kArya mAnA jAtA hai, kintu bhAvakarma kI utpatti bhI dravyakarma ke abhAva meM nahIM ho sktii| isa kAraNa' dravyakarma bhAvakarma kA kAraNa aura bhAvakarma usakA kArya hotA hai| isa prakAra murgI aura aNDe ke samAna bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma meM bhI saMtati kI apekSA pArasparika anAdi kArya-kAraNabhAva siddha hotA hai| donoM meM bIjAMkuravat kArya-kAraNabhAva katipaya karma-vijJAna-marmajJoM ke ina donoM kA bIjAMkura kI taraha paraspara kArya-kAraNabhAva-sambandha mAnA hai| arthAt-jainadarzana-sammata dravyakarma (acetanapradhAna) aura bhAvakarma (cetana-pradhAna) donoM meM bIjAMkuravat. kArya-kAraNabhAva hai| jaise-bIja se vRkSa aura vRkSa se bIja banatA hai, usameM kisI ko bhI pahale yA pIche nahIM kahA jA sakatA, vaise hI dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma meM bhI kisI ke pahale yA pIche hone kA nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| inameM saMtati kI apekSA se pArasparika anAdi kAryakAraNa bhAva hai| saMtati kI apekSA se dravya-bhAvakarma kA paraspara anAdi kAryakAraNabhAva yadyapi saMtati kI apekSA se bhAMvakarma aura dravyakarma kA pArasparika kArya-kAraNabhAva anAdi hai, tathApi vyaktizaH vicAra karane para jJAta hotA hai ki pratyeka bhAvakarma ke lie usakA dravyakarma pUrva hogA aura pratyeka dravyakarma ke lie usakA bhAvakarma bhI pUrva hogaa| arthAt-kisI eka dravyakarma kA kAraNa koI eka bhAvakarma hI hotA hogA, aura kisI eka bhAvakarma kA bhI kAraNa koI eka dravyakarma hotA hogaa| ataH inameM pUrvAparatA kA nizcaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki kisI eka 1. Atma-mImAMsA (pa. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) se pR. 96 2. AtmamImAMsA (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) se pR. 96 3. jaina karma siddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) se pR. 13 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma ke do rUpa : bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma 375 bhAvakarma se koI viziSTa dravyakarma utpanna hotA hai, taba vaha (bhAvakama) usa dravyakarma kA kAraNa hai, aura dravyakarma usakA kArya hai| isa prakAra vyaktizaH pUrvAparabhAva kA nizcaya saMbhava hone para bhI samasta saMsArI jIvajAti kI apekSA se donoM meM pUrvAparabhAva kA nizcaya asambhava hone ke kAraNa dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma donoM kA pArasparika kAryakAraNabhAva anAdi hai, inameM pUrvAparatA nahIM hotii| bhAvakarma kI utpatti meM dravyakarma kAraNa kyoM mAne ? .. yadi yaha zaMkA kI jAe ki bhAvakarma se dravyakarma kI utpatti hotI hai, yaha to ThIka hai; kyoMki jIva apane rAga-dveSa-mohAtmaka pariNAmoM ke kAraNa hI dravyakarma ke bandhana meM baddha hotA hai, aura janma-maraNAdirUpa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai; kintu bhAvakarma kI utpatti meM dravyakarma ko kAraNa mAnanA kahA~ taka ThIka hai ? . - isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki yadi dravyakarma ke abhAva meM bhI bhAvakarma kI utpatti saMbhava-mAnI jAegI to muktajIvoM meM bhI bhAvakarma prAdurbhUta hone lagegA, aura unheM bhI bhAvakarmavaza saMsAra meM punaH janma-maraNAdi ke cakra meM par3anA pdd'egaa| phira to saMsAra aura mokSa meM koI antara nahIM rhegaa| saMsArI jIvoM kI taraha mukta jIvoM meM bhI karma-bandhana-yogyatA mAnanI pdd'egii| aisI sthiti meM koI bhI vyakti karma-mukta hone kI sAdhanA meM puruSArtha kyoM karegA? phira to koI bhI vyakti apane pUrvakRta karmoM kA kSaya karane tathA naye Ane vAle karmoM kA nirodha (saMvara) karane ke lie utsAhita nahIM hogaa| ataH jainakarma-vijJAna kA suspaSTa mata hai ki mukta jIvoM meM dravyakarma kA abhAva hone se bhAvakarma bhI nahIM hotaa| saMsArI jIvoM meM pUrvakRta dravyakarma ke hone se bhAvakarma kI aura bhAvakarma se phira dravyakarma kI utpatti hotI hai| isI kAraNa baddha AtmA ke lie saMsAra anAdi hai| donoM meM pArasparika kArya-kAraNabhAva kA spaSTIkaraNa - "dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma meM pArasparika kArya-kAraNabhAva kA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra hai-jaise miTTI kA piNDa ghaTarUpa meM pariNata hotA hai, isalie miTTI ko ghaTa kA upAdAna kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| kintu miTTI meM ghar3A banane kI yogyatA hone para bhI agara kumbhakAra na ho to ghar3A nahIM bana sktaa| isalie kumbhakAra ghaTarUpa kArya kA nimitta kAraNa hai| isI prakAra 1. Atma mImAMsA (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) pR. 96-97 se 12. (ka) karmavAda : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana (devendramuni) pR. 26 / (kha) AtmamImAMsA pR. 97 . For Personal & Private Use Only

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376 . karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) pudgala meM karmarUpa meM pariNata hone kI yogyatA hai isalie karma-pudgala ko dravyakarma kA upAdAna kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai, kintu jaba taka jIva' meM bhAvakarma vidyamAna na ho, taba taka pudgala dravya kA karmarUpa meM pariNata honA asambhava hai| isa apekSA se bhAvakarma dravyakarma kA nimitta kAraNa hai| isI prakAra dravyakarma bhI bhAvakarma kA nimitta kAraNa hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma kA jo kArya-kAraNabhAva-sambandha hai, vaha nimittanaimittika rUpa hai, upAdAna-upAdeyarUpa nhiiN| bhAvakarma kI utpatti kaise : eka vizleSaNa yadyapi saMsArI AtmA kI pravRtti yA kriyA ko bhAvakarma kahA gayA hai| parantu jainakarmavijJAna-marmajJoM ne rAga aura dveSa ina donoM ko hI mUla meM (bhAva-) karma kA bIja kahA hai| sAtha hI karma (bhAvakama) kI utpatti moha (mohanIya kama) se mAnI hai| ataH jaise rAga-dveSa ke sAtha (bhAva) karma kA kArya-kAraNa bhAva mAnA jAtA hai, vaise hI tRSNA aura moha kA bhI paraspara kAryakAraNa-bhAva batAyA gayA hai| jaise-tRSNA se moha aura moha se tRSNA paidA hotI hai, vaise hI rAga-dveSa se karma aura karma se rAga-dveSa utpanna hotA hai| AtmA ke krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina cAra kaSAyoM rUpI Abhyantara pariNAmoM ko bhI bhAvakarma kahA gayA hai| ina cAra kaSAyoM kA antarbhAva bhI rAga-dveSa meM ho jAtA hai| ina cAroM meM se mAyA (kapaTa) aura lobha ko rAga kA tathA krodha aura mAna ko dveSa kA bodhaka samajhanA caahie| moha (mohanIya kama) meM rAga, dveSa, moha (Asakti) tathA krodhAdi cAroM kaSAya samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| mithyAtva (ajJAna), avirati (asaMyama), pramAda evaM kaSAya ye cAroM mohakarma ke hI antargata haiM, tathA AtmA ke vaibhAvika Antarika pariNAma haiM, isalie ye bhI bhAvakarma haiN|' yoga aura kaSAya : donoM hI AtmA kI pravRtti ke do rUpa saMsArI AtmA sadaiva sazarIra hotI hai, isalie usakI pravRtti mana, vacana, kAyA ke avalambana binA nahIM ho sktii| mana-vacana-kAyA se hone 1. Atma mImAMsA (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) pR. 97 2. Atma mImAMsA (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) se pR. 98 3. (ka) 'rAgo ya doso vi ya kmmbiiyN|'-uttraadhyyn a. 32 gA. 7 (kha) kammaM ca mohappabhavaM vynti|- vahI, gA.7 (ga) 'emeva mohAyayaNaM khu taNhA, mohaM ca taNhAyayaNaM vyNti|' -vahI, a. 32, gA.6 (gha) jJAna kA amRta (paM. jJAnamuni jI) se pR. 20 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma ke do rUpa : bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma 377 vAlI pravRtti ko jaina-paribhASA meM 'yoga' kahA jAtA hai| saMsArI jIvoM ke kaSAyarUpa yA rAga-dveSAdirUpa Antarika pariNAmoM kA prAdurbhAva bhI yogoM (mana-vacana-kAyA kI pravRttiyoM) se hotA hai| spaSTa zabdoM meM kaheM tosAMsArika AtmA kI mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRtti jaba rAga-dveSamoha yA kaSAya se raMjita hotI hai, tabhI bhAvakarma kahalAtI hai aura ina se dravyakarma ko grahaNa karake jIva baMdhanabaddha hotA hai| isa dRSTi se AtmA kI pravRtti eka hote hue bhI apekSA se usake pRthak-pRthak do nAma-yoga rUpa aura kaSAyarUpa rakhe gae haiN|' donoM karma sAtha-sAtha AtmA se sambaddha ____ Azaya yaha hai ki bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma donoM hI sAtha-sAtha AtmA se sambaddha hote haiN| krodhAdi cAra kaSAyoM yA rAga-dveSAdi pariNAmoM ke kAraNa AtmapradezoM meM eka prakAra kI halacala-sI paidA hotI hai| phalataH AtmapradezoM ke pArvavartI anantAnanta karma-pudgala-paramANu AtmA kI ora AkRSTa hokara usase sambaddha ho jAte haiN| ve dravyakarma kahalAte haiM, inake sAtha hI bhAvakarma lage hue hote haiN| yadyapi karma ke bandha meM yoga aura kaSAya donoM ko hI sAdhAraNatayA nimitta kAraNa mAnA gayA hai, tathApi kaSAya ko bhAvakarma mAnane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki yoga-vyApAra kI apekSA raMga se raMjita karane vAlA kaSAya kA mahatva adhika hai| jitanA kaSAya tIvra-manda utanA hI karma kA bandha tIvra-manda - jainakarmavijJAna-marmajJoM kA kathana hai ki jisa prakAra raMga se rahita kapar3A ekarUpa hI hotA hai, usa prakAra kaSAya ke raMga se arajita (rahita) mana-vacana-kAyA kA yoga (vyApAra) ekarUpa hotA hai| jisa prakAra raMge hue kapar3e kA raMga kabhI halakA aura kabhI gaharA hotA hai, isI prakAra yogavyApAra ke sAtha kaSAya kA raMga bhI kabhI tIvra hotA hai, kabhI mnd| kaSAya ke raMga kI tIvratA-mandatA ke anusAra hI yoga-pravRtti tIvra-manda hogii| isakA phalitArtha yaha nikalA ki bhAvakarma kI jitanI-jitanI tIvratAmandatA hogI dravyakarma kA bandha bhI utanA-utanA tIvra-manda hogaa| spaSTa zabdoM meM kaheM to AtmA ke rAga-dveSa Adi bhAva (bhAvakama) jitane-jitane tIvra hoMge, pudgala karma-dravyakarma bhI AtmA ke sAtha utane-utane tIvra-rUpa meM bNdhege| isake viparIta, yadi AtmA meM rAga-dveSa Adi bhAva (bhAvakama) 1. 'Atma mImAMsA' se pR. 98 2. vahI, pR. 99 For Personal & Private Use Only

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378 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) mandarUpa meM hoMge to dravya karma bhI AtmA ke sAtha utane hI mandarUpa meMzithilarUpa meM bNdhege|' dravya-bhAvakarma kI tIvratA-mandatA kyA hai, kyA nahIM? dravyakarma kI tIvratA kA artha hai-kArmaNavargaNA ke pudgala-paramANuo kA saMkhyA meM adhika honA, unameM zubha-azubha rasa bhI utkaTa mAtrA meM honA tathA unakI sthiti bhI lambI honaa| isake viparIta dravyakarma kI mandatA kA artha hai-kArmaNa-vargaNA ke pudgala-paramANuoM kA AtmA ke sAtha kama saMkhyA meM cipaTanA, unameM zubhAzubha rasa bhI mandarUpa meM honA aura unakI sthiti-kAlAvadhi bhI alpa honii|2 ise eka udAharaNa se spaSTataH samajhaleM-do ghar3e haiM, eka ghar3A tela kA hai, aura dUsarA bAlU se bharA huA sUkhA ghar3A hai| raja jar3a hai, ajJAnI hai, use sva-para kA koI jJAna nahIM hai| phira bhI vaha tela vAle ghar3e para hI adhika mAtrA meM cipakegI aura adhika dera taka lagI rahegI, kyoMki tela meM snigdhatA, cikanAI tathA cipakane kI zakti adhika hai| bAlU vAle ghar3e para raja kama aaegii| AegI to bhI thor3I dera Tikakara havA meM ur3a jaaegii| jitanA bhAvakarma tIvra-manda, utanA hI sUkSmakarma tIvra-manda isI prakAra sUkSmakarma-raja samagra loka meM vyApta hai| AtmA meM bhAvakarma kI arthAt rAga-dveSAdi pariNAmoM kI jitanI adhika snigdhatA, tIvratA yA tIvra adhyavasAya hoMge, dravyakarma bhI utane hI adhika tIvrarUpa se AtmA para cipkeNge| isake viparIta rAgAdi pariNAmarUpa bhAvakarma kI snigdhatA-tIvratA jitanI kama hogI, dravyakarma bhI utane hI kama aura zithilarUpa meM AtmA ke sAtha lgeNge|' vastutaH dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma eka hI AtmArUpI sikke ke do pahalU haiN| jainakarma-vijJAna-vettAoM ne dravyakarma kI apekSA bhAvakarma ko adhika gambhIra aura utkaTa mAnakara isase bacane kA evaM zubhadhyAna, anuprekSA, samabhAva, kSamA, titikSA Adi dvArA bhAvoM ko zuddha banAkara karmoM kI tIvratA ko kama karane, prabhAva ko kSINa karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| . __anya darzanoM ne karma ke do rUpa-bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma ko pRthakpRthak nAmoM se svIkAra kiyA hai| 1. (ka) Atma mImAMsA se pR. 98-99 (kha) karmavAda : eka adhyayana (paM. surezamuni) se pR 34-35 2. vahI, pR. 34-35 3. vahI pR. 35 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma ke do rUpa : bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma 379 vedAnta darzana meM AvaraNa aura vikSepa ke rUpa meM dravya-bhAvakarma ___jainadarzana ke prakhara puraskartA AcArya vidyAnandI ne 'aSTasahasrI' meM dravyakarma ko 'AvaraNa' aura bhAvakarma ko 'doSa' ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai| dravyakarma ko 'AvaraNa' isalie kahA gayA hai ki vaha AtmazaktiyoM ke prakaTIkaraNa ko rokatA hai, isI prakAra bhAvakarma to svayaM AtmA kI vibhAvadazA hai isalie vaha apane Apa meM doSa' hai| jisa prakAra jainadarzana meM karma ke AvaraNa aura doSa, ye do kArya batAe gae haiM, usI prakAra vedAnta darzana meM bhI AvaraNa aura vikSepa ina donoM ko 'mAyA' ke do kArya mAne gae haiN| ataH ye hI do kArya prakArAntara se dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma ke nAma se karma ke do rUpa haiN|' naiyAyika-vaizeSikoM kI dRSTi meM dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma vaise to naiyAyika-vaizeSikoM ke granthoM meM dravyakarna aura bhAvakarma ke nAma se spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA; kintu unake darzana kA anuzIlana karane se yaha spaSTataH pratIta ho jAtA hai ki donoM hI darzana prakArAntara se karma ke ina donoM rUpoM se sahamata haiN| jainakarma-vijJAna meM dravyakarma yA paudgalikakarma kA jo sthAna hai, usI kA naiyAyikoM ne pravRttijanya dharmAdharma saMskAra aura vaizeSikoM ne 'adRSTa' ke nAma se ullekha kiyA hai| isI prakAra naiyAyikoM ne jina rAga, dveSa aura moha, ina tIna doSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jainadarzana ne unhIM tIna doSoM ko karma ke bIja mAnakara 'bhAvakarma ke nAma se abhihita kiyA hai| naiyAyikasammata 'saMskAra' aura jainadarzana-sammata 'pudgala' meM vizeSa antara nahIM hai| nyAyadarzana ke matAnusAra guNa aura guNI meM bheda hone se ve AtmA ko hI cetana mAnate haiM, saMskAra ko nahIM, kyoMki saMskAra AtmArUpI guNI kA eka guNa hone se vaha acetana hai| caitanya kA saMskAra ke sAtha samavAya sambandha nahIM hai| jaina-sammata pudgalakarmadravyakarma bhI acetana hai| isalie saMskAra kaheM yA dravyakarma donoM eka-se pratIta hote haiN| itanA avazya hai ki naiyAyika saMskAra ko guNa kahate haiM, jabaki jaina dravyakarma ko pudgala dravya kahate haiN| gaharAI se soceM to yaha antara bhI tuccha mAlUma hogaa| jainadarzana dravyakarma kI utpatti bhAvakarma se aura bhAvakarma kI utpatti (vizeSa pariNati) dravyakarma se mAnatA hai| naiyAyika-vaizeSika darzana bhI saMskAra kI utpatti mAnate haiN| aura jainoM dvArA mAnya bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma kI pUrva-pRSThoM meM varNita anAdi paramparA ke 1. (ka) aSTasahasrI pR. 51, uddhRta sTaDIja ina jaina philaoNsAphI pR. 227 __(kha) jaina karma siddhAnta H eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) pR. 13 For Personal & Private Use Only

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380 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) samAna naiyAyika aura vaizeSika bhI rAgAdi doSoM se saMskAra kI tathA saMskAra se janma, janma se doSa aura phira doSa se saMskAra kI utpatti paramparA bIjAMkuravat anAdi mAnate haiN| bhAvakarma ne dravyakarma ko utpanna kiyA, isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki bhAvakarma ne pudgala dravya ko utpanna kiyA, kintu usakA bhAvArtha jainakarma-vijJAna-marmajJoM ke anusAra yahI hai ki bhAvakarma ke nimitta se karmayogya pudgala meM aisA saMskAra nirmita huA, jisake phalasvarUpa vaha pudgala karmarUpa meM pariNata huaa| ataH naiyAyikoM ke saMskAra evaM vaizeSikoM ke adRSTa meM tathA jainasammata dravyakarma meM koI vizeSa antara. nahIM raha jaataa| yoga aura sAkhyadarzana meM dravyakarma-bhAvakarma ke sAtha sAmajasya yogadarzana kI karma-viSayaka mAnyatA bhI lagabhaga jainadarzana jaisI hI hai| yogadarzana ke anusAra avidyA, asmitA, rAga, dveSa aura abhiniveza, ye pA~ca kleza haiN| ina pA~ca klezoM se kliSTa cittavRtti utpanna hotI hai, phira usase dharma-adharma-rUpa saMskAra utpanna hote haiN| yogadarzana-sammata klezoM ko jainadarzanasammata mithyAtva-avirati-pramAda-kaSAyarUpa bhAvakarma, cittavRttipravRtti ko mAnasika-vAcika-kAyika pravRtti (yoga) evaM saMskAra ko dravyakarma mAnA jA sakatA hai| yoga-darzana meM saMskAra ko vAsanA, karmAzaya aura apUrva bhI kahA gayA hai| kintu jainadarzana aura yogadarzana kI prakriyA meM matabheda hai| yoga-darzana meM kleza, kliSTa vRtti aura saMskAra ina sabakA sambandha AtmA ke sAtha na mAna kara citta athavA antaHkaraNa ke sAtha mAnA gayA hai| aura antaHkaraNa 'prakRti' kA vikAra (pariNAma) hai, sAMkhyadarzana kI karma-viSayaka mAnyatA bhI yogadarzana ke samAna hai| sAMkhyadarzana ne puruSa (AtmA) ko kUTastha aura apariNAmI mAnakara pariNAma jar3a prakRti meM hI maanaa| jabaki jainadarzana ne AtmA ko pariNAmI-nitya mAnakara ajJAna, moha, kaSAya Adi AtmA meM hI mAne, prakRti ke dharma nhiiN| isa kAraNa sAMkhya ko yaha mAnanA par3A ki bandha aura mokSa puruSa (AtmA) kA nahIM, prakRti kA hotA hai| isa matabheda ko 1. (ka) AtmamImAMsA se bhAvArtha pR. 99-100-101 (kha) nyAyabhASya 1/1/2 (ga) nyAyasUtra 4/1/3-4, 1/1/17 (gha) nyAyamaMjarI pR. 471, 472 (Ga) prazastapAda bhASya 47, 637, 643 (ca) nyAyamaMjarI pR. 513 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma ke do rUpa : bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma 381 najaraaMdAja karake saMsAra aura mokSa kI karma sambandhI prakriyA para vicAra kiyA jAe to donoM meM atIva samAnatA pratIta hotI hai| jainadarzana meM jaise rAga-dveSa-mohAdi bhAva janita bhAvakarma ke kAraNa AtmA ke sAtha anAdi kAla se paudgalika kArmaNa zarIra-dravyakarma kA sambandha bIjAMkuravat tathA eka kI utpatti meM dUsarA kAraNarUpeNa vidyamAna hote hae, donoM kA saMsarga AtmA ke sAtha anAdi mAnA gayA hai, isI prakAra sAMkhyadarzana bhI liMga zarIra ko anAdikAla se puruSa ke saMsarga meM mAnatA hai| tathA liMga zarIra kI utpatti bhI jainasammata kArmaNa zarIravat rAga-dveSa-moha jaise bhAvoM se mAnatA hai| isa prakAra rAgAdi bhAva (bhAvakama) aura liMga zarIra meM bhI bIjAMkuravat kArya-kAraNa bhAva mAnA hai| sAtha hI, jaise jainadarzana kArmaNa (sUkSma) zarIra ko sthUla (audArika) zarIra se pRthak mAnatA hai, vaise sAMkhya bhI liMga (sUkSma) zarIra ko sthUla zarIra se bhinna mAnate haiN| jainamatAnusAra sthUla aura sUkSma donoM zarIra paudgalika haiM, sAMkhyamatAnusAra ukta donoM zarIra prakRtijanya haiN| paudgalika mAnakara jainadarzana ne donoM kI vargaNAe~ pRthak-pRthak mAnI haiM, jabaki sAMkhya bhI eka ko tAnmAtrika tathA dUsare ko mAtR-pitRjanya mAnatA hai| jainamatAnusAra mRtaka kA mRtyu ke samaya audArika zarIra yahIM chUTa jAtA hai aura agale janma ke samaya navIna zarIra utpanna hotA hai| kArmaNazarIra mRtyu ke bAda paraloka meM sAtha jAtA hai, aura usa jIva ke sAtha-sAtha rahatA hai| sAMkhyamatAnusAra mAtR-pitRjanyasthUla zarIra paraloka jAte samaya sAtha nahIM rahatA, dUsare janma meM nayA zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai| kintu liMga zarIra kAyama rahatA hai, jahA~ bhI AtmA jAtI hai, vahA~ sAtha meM rahatA hai| sAMkhyamata meM dravyabhAvakarma kI tulanA jaina darzana se ... jainamatAnusAra anAdikAla se sambaddha kArmaNa zarIra mokSa ke samaya nivRtta ho jAtA hai, isI prakAra sAMkhyamata meM bhI mokSa ke samaya liMga zarIra 1. (ka) AtmamImAMsA (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) pR. 101 se 103 taka (kha) yogadarzanabhASya 1/5, 2/3, 2/12-13 tathA usakI tattvavaizAradI, bhAsvatI * Adi TIkAe~ (ga) sAMkhyakArikA 52 kI mATharavRtti, (gha) sAMkhyatattvakaumudI kA. 17, 19, 20, 40 (Ga) sAMkhyakArikA kA.39 (ca) yogadarzana (mAThara)44-40 (cha) sAMkhyakArikA 41, 40, 46 (ja) sAMkhyatattvakaumudI 40, 52 For Personal & Private Use Only

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382 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) nivRtta ho jAtA hai| jaina darzana meM mAnA gayA hai ki kArmaNa zarIra aura rAga-dveSAdibhAva anAdi kAla se sAtha-sAtha haiM, eka ke binA dUsarA nahIM rahatA, isI prakAra sAMkhya bhI mAnatA hai ki liMga zarIra bhAva ke binA aura bhAva liMga zarIra ke binA nahIM hote| jainamatAnusAra kArmaNa zarIra pratighAta rahita tathA upabhogazaktirahita hai, vaise hI sAMkhyamata meM liMga zarIra avyAhata gati tathA upabhogarahita hai| yadyapi sAMkhyamata meM rAgAdibhAva, liMga zarIra anya bhautika padArtha prakRti ke vikAra haiM; tathApi ina vikAroM ke jAtigata bheda ko sAMkhya svIkAra karate haiN| ve tIna prakAra ke sarga mAnate haiM-pratyayasarga, tAnmAtrika sarga aura bhautika srg| rAga-dveSAdi bhAva pratyaya-sarga meM, tathA liMga zarIra tAnmAtrika sarga meM samAviSTa haiN| yadyapi jainadarzana meM rAgAdibhAva evaM kArmaNa zarIra ko pudgalakRta mAnA gayA hai, tathA bhAvoM kA upAdAna kAraNa AtmA ko aura nimitta pudgala ko, tathA kArmaNa zarIra kA upAdAna 'pudgala ko aura nimitta AtmA ko mAnA hai, parantu sAMkhyamata meM prakRti acetana hote hue bhI puruSa-saMsarga ke kAraNa cetanavat vyavahAra karatI hai| jainoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai ki pudgala dravya acetana hote hue bhI Atma-saMsarga se karmarUpa meM pariNata hotA hai, taba cetana-sadRza vyavahAra karatA hai| jisa prakAra jainadarzana saMsArI AtmA aura zarIra Adi ajIva padArthoM kA aikya kSIra-nIravat mAnatA hai, tathaiva sAMkhyadarzana bhI puruSa aura zarIra, indriya, buddhi Adi jar3a padArthoM kA aikya kSIranIravat mAnatA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki jainasammata bhAvakarma kI tulanA sAMkhya-sammata bhAvoM se, 'trividha yoga' kI tulanA vRtti se aura dravyakarma yA kArmaNa zarIra kI tulanA liMga zarIra se kI jA sakatI hai| jainadarzana evaM sAMkhyadarzana donoM hI karmaphala athavA karma-niSpatti meM Izvara jaise kisI kAraNa ko nahIM maante| 1. (ka) AtmamImAMsA se pR. 104-105 (kha) sAMkhyakArikA 41 (ga) sAMkhyatattvakaumudI 40 (gha) sAMkhyakArikA 46 (Ga) sAMkhyatattvakaumudI 52 (ca) mATharavRtti pR. 9, 29 2. (ka) AtmamImAMsA pR. 105 (kha) sAMkhyakArikA 28, 29, 30, 40 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma ke do rUpa : bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma 383 bauddhadarzana meM bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma prakArAntara se mAnya jainadarzana ke samAna bauddhadarzana meM bhI lobha (rAga), dveSa aura moha ko karma (bhAvakarma) kI utpatti kA kAraNa mAnA hai| kintu amUrta caitasika (nAmarUpa) tattva ke AdhAra para jar3a-cetanamaya athavA bauddha paribhASA meM nAma-rUpamaya jagat kI vyAkhyA karanA sambhava nahIM hai| kyoMki bauddhadarzana mAnatA hai ki amUrta caitasika tattva hI amUrta cetanA ko prabhAvita karate haiN| isIlie 'visuddhimagga' meM tathA sautrAntika mata meM karma ko jaba arUpI kahA gayA to 'abhidharma koSa meM karma ko avijJapti' aura avijJapti ko 'rUpa' mAnakara samAdhAna kiyA hai ki caitasika tattvoM (lobha, dveSa- moha yA vAsanA) aura bhautika tattvoM (mana vacana kAyA kI pravRtti-rUpAtmaka) ke madhya kAraNa-kAryabhAva sambandha sthApita ho jaaegaa| 'pratItyasamutpAda' meM to spaSTataH vijJAna (cetanA) aura nAma-rUpa ke madhya kArya-kAraNa-sambandha mAnA gayA hai| saMyuttanikAya meM mana-vacana-kAya kI pravRtti ko karma kaha use vijJaptirUpa (pratyakSa) mAnI hai / aMguttaranikAya meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki rAga-dveSa-mohayukta hokara prANI (satva) mana-vacana-kAya kI pratyakSa pravRttiyA~ karatA hai, una pravRttiyoM se phira rAga-dveSa- moha. ko utpanna karatA hai| isa prakAra yaha saMsAra cakra anAdi kAla taka calatA rahatA hai, isakA koI AdikAla nahIM hai|' miliMda prazna meM to spaSTarUpa se pratipAdita hai ki nAma (cetana-pakSa) aura rUpa (bhautika pakSa) donoM anyonyAzraya-sambandha se sambaddha haiN|' isalie gaharAI se vicAra karane para pratIta hotA hai ki bauddhadarzana bhI nAma aura rUpa donoM ke anyonyAzraya se karma kI niSpatti mAnatA hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki bauddha sammata rAga-dveSa moha yA vAsanA jainasaMmmata bhAvakarma hai, aura mana-vacana-kAya kI pratyakSa (vijJaptirUpa) pravRtti jainadarzana - mAnya 'yoga' hai aura isa pratyakSa karma se utpanna vAsanA aura avijJapti dravyakarma hai| kyoMki abhidharma koSa meM 1. (ka) visuddhimagga 17 / 110 (kha) abhidharma koSa 1/9 2. (ka) pratItyasamutpAda (kha) saMyuttanikAya 3. (ka) aMguttaranikAya tikanipAta sUtra 33/1, pR. 134 (kha) saMyuttanikAya 15/5/6 (bhAga-2 pR. 181-182) 4. milinda prazna, lakSaNa prazna dvitIya For Personal & Private Use Only

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384 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) 'mAnasika kriyAjanya saMskAra-karma ko vAsanA aura vAcika-kAyika.. kriyA-janya saMskAra-karma ko avijJapti kahA gayA hai| mImAMsAdarzana meM bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma kI saMgati 'mImAMsAdarzana' yajJa-yAgAdi kAmanAjanya karma ko 'karma' mAnakara usake phalapradAna ke lie 'apUrva' nAmaka padArtha ko svIkAra karatA hai| kumArila bhaTTa ne 'apUrva kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki apUrva kA phalitArtha hai-yogytaa| jaba taka yajJAdi karmoM kA anuSThAna nahIM kiyA jAtA taba taka yajJAdi karma aura puruSa donoM hI phala-svargarUpaphala utpanna karane meM ayogya-asamartha hote haiN| anuSThAna ke pazcAt aisI yogyatA utpanna hotI hai, jisase kartA ko svargarUpa phala milatA hai| apUrva se saMskAra yA zakti prAdurbhUta hotI haiM, vaha veda-vihita karma se hI hotI hai, anya karmajanya saMskAra se nhiiN| mImAMsakoM kA kathana hai apUrva eka zakti yA yogyatA hai, jisakA Azraya AtmA hai / ataH AtmA ke samAna 'apUrva bhI amUrta hai / yadyapi dravyakarma amUrta nahIM, tathApi vaha apUrva ke sadRza atIndriya to hai hI, isalie apUrva ko jainasammata dravyakarma ke sthAna meM mAnA jA sakatA hai| mImAMsakoM ko nimnokta krama mAnya hai- kAmanAjanya karma, yAgAdi pravRtti aura yAgAdi-pravRttijanya apUrva / jaina dRSTi se mImAMsAsammata kAmanA yA tRSNA ko bhAvakarma, yAgAdi pravRtti ko yoga vyApAra, tathA apUrva ko dravyakarma kahA jA sakatA hai| bhagavadgItA meM prakArAntara se dravyakarma-bhAvakarma yadyapi bhagavadgItA sAMkhyadarzana ke mantavya se prabhAvita hai / vaha bandhana ko sAMkhyokta prakRti' (triguNAtmaka jar3a prakRti) se sambaddha aura AtmA ko 'akartA mAnatI hai / parantu gItA meM batAyA gayA hai ki jaba taka AtmA (puruSa) ahaMkAra se yukta nahIM hotA, taba taka bandhana nahIM hotaa| ataH siddha hai ki AtmA kA ahaMbhAva jo cetanAtmaka (bhAvAtmaka) hai aura bandhana kA upAdAna kAraNa hai, aura jar3a-prakRti usa ahaMbhAva kA nimitta kAraNa hai / arthAt ahaMkAra ke lie nimitta ke rUpa meM prakRti, aura upAdAna 1. (ka) AtmamImAMsA (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) pR. 107 (kha) abhidharma koSa, caturtha pariccheda (ga) Keith: BuddhistPhilosophy,p.203. 2. taMtravArtika 2/1/15, tathA pR. 395-396 3. taMtravArtika pR. 398 4. AtmamImAMsA (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) pR. 109 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma ke do rUpa : bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma 385 ke rUpa meM caitanyayukta puruSa (AtmA) donoM hI jainadarzanasammata kramazaH dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma ke samAna haiM / donoM meM paraspara kArya-kAraNabhAva yA nimitta naimittika sambandha hai| ina donoM kI upasthiti meM hI karma dravya-bhAva rUpa meM ba~dhatA hai / isa prakAra gItA meM pracchannarUpa se dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma kA saMketa milatA hai| niSkarSa karma ke ina donoM rUpoM para vibhinna dArzanikoM ke mantavyoM kA vistRtarUpa se adhyayana karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhAvakarma ke viSaya meM kisI dArzanika ko koI Apatti nahIM hai / sabhI dArzanikoM ke matAnusAra rAga, (lobha) dveSa, aura moha-bhAva karma athavA karma ke kAraNarUpa haiM / jainadarzana meM jise dravyakarma kahA gayA hai, usI ko anya dArzanika karma kahate haiM, isI ko hI ve saMskAra, vAsanA, avijJapti, mAyA, adRSTa yA apUrva nAma se pukArate haiM / vastutattva vahI hai / ataH jainakarma-vijJAnazAstriyoM dvArA karma ko bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma, ina do rUpoM meM prastuta karanA yuktiyukta hai / karma ke dravyAtmaka aura bhAvAtmaka donoM pakSoM ko svIkAra karane para hI karma kI sarvAMgINa vyAkhyA ho sakatI hai / 1. jaina karma-siddhAnta : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jI jaina) se .. sAra-saMkSepa pR. 17 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #408
'386 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) | karma : saMskAra rUpa bhI, pudgala rUpa bhI karma H kArya-kAraNa kA eka niyama ___ karma sAMsArika prANiyoM ke jIvana se ba~dhA huA eka niyama hai| yaha pratyeka kriyA ke sAtha sannihita hone vAlA siddhAnta hai| jina pratyakSadarzI sarvajJa Apta puruSoM ne karma kI khoja aura anubhUti kii| unhoMne karma ke niyama ko bhI khojA aura usakA anubhava bhI kiyaa| jaise vaijJAnika prakRti ke niyama kI khoja karatA hai, vaise hI karma-vijJAna ke jJAtA-draSTA mahApuruSoM ne buddhi ke stara para hI nahIM, anubhUti ke stara para bhI karma ke niyama kI zodha kii| vaha niyama hai-kArya-kAraNa kA yA kriyA-pratikriyA kA niym| arthAt-koI bhI kArya kAraNa ke binA nahIM hotaa| AtmA kA bandhana bhI binA kAraNa ke nahIM hotaa| niyama eka prakAra kI zAzvata evaM aMTala vyavasthA hai| vaha svAbhAvika hotA hai, banAyA nahIM jaataa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA- "jo niyama hai, dharma hai; vaha dhruva hai, nitya hai, zAzvata hai, jinopadiSTa hai|" vaha niyama isa prakAra hai- jahA~ svAbhAvika kriyA nahIM hai, vaibhAvika kriyA hai, vahA~ AtmA karma se baddha hotI hai| AtmA kI vaibhAvika kriyAe~ karma haiM 'maiM jAnatA-dekhatA hU~' yaha AtmA kA apanA svabhAva hai, kintu 'maiM kahatA hU~, maiM sunatA hU~, maiM socatA hU~,' ityAdi kriyAe~ yA pravRttiyA~ svAbhAvika nahIM haiM, sAMyogika haiM, vaibhAvika haiN| AtmA aura zarIra kA yaha saMyoga prANa-zakti ko utpanna karane kA nimitta banatA hai| prANa-zakti arthAt-zarIrastha taijas zakti-UrjA shkti| usI UrjA zakti ke saMcAlana se kahane, sunane, socane, khAne-pIne aura zvAsa lene-chor3ane Adi kI kriyAe~ hotI haiM, jo AtmA kI na hone se asvAbhAvika haiM, vaibhAvika haiN| ve samasta kriyAe~ mAnasika, vAcika yA kAyika haiM, ve saMyogaja haiN| 'maiM amuka kArya karatA hU~,' isameM "maiM" alaga ho gayA, 'kArya' alaga ho gyaa| isameM For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma : saMskAra rUpa bhI, padla rUpa bhI 387 kartA (maiM) aura kArya (bolanA, sunanA, socanA Adi) spaSTataH alaga-alaga pratIta hote haiN| ataH yaha svAbhAvika kriyA nahIM hai| parantu jahA~ AtmA ke dvArA jAnane-dekhane kI kriyA hotI hai, vaha svAbhAvika hai, kyoMki jAnanA dekhanA AtmA kA apanA svabhAva hai, apanI kriyA hai| isalie niyama yaha huA ki jahA~ AtmA jAnane-dekhane kI apanI svAbhAvika kriyA se haTakara mana, vacana yA kAya se saMyukta hokara koI bhI kriyA karatI hai, vahA~ AtmA ke lie bandhana hotA hai; vahI baMdhana manarUpa, vacanarUpa aura kAyarUpa karma banatA hai| kriyA-pratikriyA kA niyama bhI karmasaMskArarUpa. niSkarSa yaha hai ki sAMsArika jIvoM kI pratyeka kriyA yA pravRtti ke sAtha pratikriyA-svarUpa rAga, dveSa, kaSAyAdi Ate haiM aura ve eka saMskAra chor3a jAte haiN| ve hI karma ke kAraNa haiN| usI saMskAra ko vibhinna Astika dArzanikoM ne karma ke artha meM pratipAdita kiyA hai| . unakA Azaya yaha hai ki pratyeka kriyA, pravRtti yA kArya (saMyogaja hone para) AtmA ke lie karma-bandha kA kAraNa hotA hai| ise spaSTataH samajhane ke lie kriyA-pratikriyA ke siddhAnta ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| kriyA-pratikriyA kA niyama bhI karma kA niyama hai| kriyA kI punaH punaH pratikriyA prANI jo kucha bhI kriyA yA pravRtti karatA hai, usakI pratikriyA hotI hai| jo kucha bhI kiyA jAtA hai, bolA jAtA hai yA socA jAtA hai, vaha eka kriyA yA pravRtti hai| pravRtti samApta ho jAtI hai, parantu usakI pratikriyA samApta nahIM hotii| ghaMTe para eka bAra kisI ne DaMDA mAra kara dhvani kii| vaha dhvani samApta ho gaI; parantu usakI pratidhvani samApta nahIM huii| pratidhvani raha gii| bahuta gahare kUpa meM kisI ne jhAMka kara kucha bhI bolA, usakI dhvani huI, kintu dhvani samApta hone ke sAtha hI pratidhvani prArambha ho gii| vaha lambe samaya taka clii| dhvani choTI hotI hai, pratidhvani lmbii| isI prakAra kriyA choTI hai, pratikriyA bdd'ii| kyoMki kriyA kI pratikriyA, athavA pravRtti kI pratipravRtti yA dhvani kI pratidhvani kI taraha punaH punaH Avartana hotA rahA eka hI kriyA kI aneka bAra pratikriyA - adhikAMza manuSya eka bAra jaba dekhane Adi kI kriyA karate haiM aura samajha lete haiM ki vaha samApta ho gaI, kintu sacce mAne meM vaha samApta nahIM 1. jainayoga se sArAMza pR. 37, 39 For Personal & Private Use Only

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380 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) samAna naiyAyika aura vaizeSika bhI rAgAdi doSoM se saMskAra kI tathA saMskAra se janma, janma se doSa aura phira doSa se saMskAra kI utpatti paramparA bIjAMkuravat anAdi mAnate haiN| bhAvakarma ne dravyakarma ko utpanna kiyA, isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki bhAvakarma ne pudgala dravya ko utpanna kiyA, kintu usakA bhAvArtha jainakarma vijJAna-marmajJoM ke anusAra yahI hai ki bhAvakarma ke nimitta se karmayogya pudgala meM aisA saMskAra nirmita huA, jisake phalasvarUpa vaha pudgala karmarUpa meM pariNata huaa| ataH naiyAyikoM ke saMskAra evaM vaizeSikoM ke adRSTa meM tathA jainasammata dravyakarma meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM raha jaataa| yoga aura sAMkhyadarzana meM dravyakarma-bhAvakarma ke sAtha sAmaMjasya yogadarzana kI karma - viSayaka mAnyatA bhI lagabhaga jainadarzana jaisI hI hai| yogadarzana ke anusAra avidyA, asmitA, rAga, dveSa aura abhiniveza, ye pA~ca kleza haiN| ina pA~ca klezoM se kliSTa cittavRtti utpanna hotI hai, phira usase dharma-adharma-rUpa saMskAra utpanna hote haiN| yogadarzana- sammata klezoM ko jainadarzanasammata mithyAtva - avirati pramAda - kaSAyarUpa bhAvakarma, cittavRttipravRtti ko mAnasika - vAcika - kAyika pravRtti (yoga) evaM saMskAra ko dravyakarma mAnA jA sakatA hai| yoga-darzana meM saMskAra ko vAsanA, karmAzaya aura apUrva bhI kahA gayA hai| kintu jainadarzana aura yogadarzana kI prakriyA meM matabheda hai| yoga-darzana meM kleza, kliSTa vRtti aura saMskAra ina sabakA sambandha AtmA ke sAtha na mAna kara citta athavA antaHkaraNa ke sAtha mAnA gayA hai| aura antaHkaraNa 'prakRti' kA vikAra (pariNAma) hai, sAMkhyadarzana kI karma-viSayaka mAnyatA bhI yogadarzana ke samAna hai| sAMkhyadarzana ne puruSa (AtmA) ko kUTastha aura apariNAmI mAnakara pariNAma jar3a prakRti meM hI maanaa| jabaki jainadarzana ne AtmA ko pariNAmI nitya mAnakara ajJAna, moha, kaSAya Adi AtmA meM hI mAne, prakRti ke dharma nhiiN| isa kAraNa sAMkhya ko yaha mAnanA par3A ki bandha aura mokSa puruSa (AtmA) kA nahIM, prakRti kA hotA hai| isa matabheda ko 1. (ka) AtmamImAMsA se bhAvArtha pR. 99-100-101 (kha) nyAyabhASya 1/1/2 (ga) nyAyasUtra 4 / 1/3-4, 1/1/17 (gha) nyAyamaMjarI pR. 471, 472 (Ga) prazastapAda bhASya 47, 637, 643 (ca) nyAyamaMjarI pR. 513 For Personal & Private Use Only 1

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388 karma - vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) huii| dekhanA to baMda ho gayA, kintu dekhane kI vaha smRti mastiSka ke smRti koSThoM meM usI prakAra aMkita ho gaI, jaise phonogrApha kI cUr3I para yA TeparikArDara ke keseTa para AvAja aMkita ho jAtI hai| jo aMkita ho gayA, vaha samApta na hokara apanA saMskAra chor3a gyaa| usa kriyA kI eka vRtti bana gaI aura eka pratikriyA avaziSTa raha gii| bAda meM jaise hI koI nimitta milatA hai, usa saMskAra kI smRti ubhara AtI hai, vaha vRtti uttejita ho jAtI hai| usa vastu yA kriyA kI smRti Ate hI use phira dekhane kI lalaka uThatI hai| jaise khIra Adi mIThI cIja khAne ke bAda usakI mIThIDakAra AtI hai, athavA khaTTI cIja khAne para jisa samaya usa khaTTI cIja kI smRti hotI hai, usa samaya muMha meM pAnI Ane lagatA hai| isase yaha tathya phalita hotA hai ki kriyA samApta ho jAtI hai, parantu pratikriyA samApta nahIM hotii| vaha calatI rahatI hai| usakI zrRMkhalA dIrghakAla taka calatI rahatI hai| eka bAra kI kriyA sahasrAdhika bAra doharAI jAtI hai| Azaya yaha hai ki eka bAra jaba pravRtti kI jAtI hai to dUsarI-tIsarI bAra bhI usa pravRtti ko karane kI bhAvanA jAgatI hai| phira usakA smaraNa hotA hai aura punaH use karane kI lalaka hotI hai| yaha bAra-bAra usI kriyA - pravRtti ko karane kA tathya hI 'karma' kA siddhAnta hai / ' eka bAra bhI pravRtti karanA - karmabandhana meM svayaM ko DAlanA hai| yaha aisA bandhana hai ki phira usa pravRtti kI pakar3a se chUTanA usake vaza kI bAta nahIM rhtii| eka bAra bhI yadi mana se, vacana se yA zarIra se kucha kiyA to phira na karanA AsAna nahIM rahatA / phira to aisA hI ho jAtA hai; jaiseeka bAra jo mArga bana gayA, use miTA pAnA AsAna nahIM hotaa| phira to AdamI jAne-anajAne usI mArga se jAne kA abhyasta ho jAtA hai| pramAda hI saMskArarUpa karma (Asrava) kA kAraNa isIlie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA - "( pravRtti meM ) pramAda ko karma (karma kA hetu-Asrava) aura apramAda ko akarma (saMvara) kahA hai|" isalie 'samaya mAtra bhI pramAda mata karo'; kyoMki eka samaya kI yA eka bAra kI bhUla (pramAda) kI hajAra bAra AvRtti ho sakatI hai| saMskAra kA nirmANa : kaba aura kaba nahIM ? abhiprAya yaha hai ki agara vyakti jAgarUka aura apramatta rahakara mana, vacana, kAyA se kisI pravRtti yA kriyA ko nahIM karatA hai to usakI 1. jainayoga se sArAMza uddhRta pR. 40 2. (ka) 'pamAya' kammamAhaMsu appamAyaM tahAvaraM / ' (kha) 'samayaM goyama ! mA pamAyae / ' sUtrakRtAMga 1/14 / 1 - uttarAdhyayana a. 10 gA. 1 se 36 taka For Personal & Private Use Only

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390 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . pratyeka prANI ke na cAhate hue bhI usake sAtha 'kArmaNa zarIra nAmaka eka aisA sAdhana pradAna kara rakhA hai, jisake dvArA usa-usa prANI ke dvArA kiye gaye acche yA bure samasta karmoM ke saMskAra binA kisI prayatna ke svataH usa para aMkita hote rahate haiN|' bAhara kA yaha sthUla audArika zarIra rahe yA na rahe, kArmaNa zarIra to marate-jIte, paraloka jAte tathA vividha gatiyoM aura yoniyoM meM rahate hue hara samaya prANI ke sAtha rahatA hai aura usakI samagra kAryavAhI kA sUkSma nirIkSaNa-parIkSaNa karatA rahatA hai| yaha jar3a (pudgala) hote hue bhI cetanavat hai athavA cidAbhAsI hai| kArmaNa zarIra : kArya bhI hai, kAraNa bhI cetanA kI tamAma pravRttiyoM ke prati yaha kArya bhI hai aura kAraNa bhI hai| yaha (kArmaNa zarIra) karma ke saMskAroM ko grahaNa karake sthita rahatA hai| isa kAraNa yaha usakA kArya bhI hai aura yathAsamaya phalonmukha hokara jIva ko punaH usI prakAra ke karma karane ke lie ukasAtA hai| cAhate yA na cAhate hue bhI prANI ko usakI preraNA se karma karanA par3atA hai| isa kAraNa yaha usakI samasta pravRttiyoM kA kAraNa bhI hai| kArmaNa zarIra bhI upacAra se dravyakarma yadyapi cetana-pravRtti ko 'kama' kahA jAtA hai, tathApi usakA kArya tathA kAraNa hone se kArmaNa zarIra ko bhI upacAra se 'kama' kahA jAtA hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM AcArya pUjyapAda ne 'samasta zarIroM kI utpatti ke mUla kAraNa hone se kArmaNazarIra ko karma (dravyakama) kahA hai| vizeSatA itanI hai ki cetana pravRtti kI bhAMti yaha sIdhA bhAvAtmaka na hokara paramANuoM se nirmita hone ke kAraNa dravyAtmaka hai, isalie isakA dravyakarma nAma sArthaka hai| pravRtti aura saMskAroM kA cakra, kArmaNa zarIra dvArA zrI jinendravarNI ke zabdoM meM-cetana kI karmapravRtti se kArmaNa zarIra para saMskAra aMkita hote haiM aura kucha kAla ke bAda usa para aMkita saMskA jAgRta hote haiN| una jAgRta saMskAroM kI preraNA se jIva punaH karmoM meM pravRtra 1. karmarahasya pR. 124 2. karma rahasya se pR. 125 3. vahI, pR. 125 4. 'sarva-zarIra-prarohaNa-bIjabhUtaM kArmaNa zarIraM krmetyucyte|' -sarvArthasiddhi 2/5/182/ 5. karmarahasya se sArAMza pR. 126 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma : saMskAra rUpa bhI, pudgala rUpa bhI 391 hotA hai, usa pravRtti se punaH kArmaNa zarIra para saMskAra aMkita hote haiN| kucha kAla pazcAt aMkita hue ve saMskAra punaH jAgRta hote haiM aura una jAgRta saMskAroM kI preraNA se jIva punaH karmoM meM pravRtta hotA hai| isa prakAra pravRtti aura saMskAroM kA yaha cakra pravAharUpa se anAdikAla se calatA A rahA hai aura taba taka calatA rahegA, jaba taka jIva karmoM kI kArya-kAraNa paramparA se sarvathA virata nahIM ho jaataa| pravRtti ke sAtha hI cittabhUmi para padacihna aMkana koI bhI jIva apane bAhya jagat yA Abhyantara jagat meM jo kucha bhI pravRtti, kArya yA karma karatA hai, vaha kArya, pravRtti yA karma to usI samaya samApta ho jAtA hai kintu jAte-jAte usa jIva kI cittabhUmi para apanA padacihna usI prakAra aMkita kara jAtA hai, jisa prakAra kacce rAste para calate hue vyakti ke paira usa para apane cihna aMkita kara jAte haiN| yaha to pratyeka vyakti kI anubhava-gocara vastu hai| jisa prakAra mahilAe~ ghara ke dvAra para hAtha ke thApe lagAtI haiM, unake hAthoM kI vaha chApa (aMkana) lagAnA samApta ho jAne ke pazcAt bhI vahA~ chApa sthita rahatI hai| isI prakAra prANI ke dvArA kiyA gayA kArya yA karma samApta hone se pUrva hI cittabhUmi parakAmaNa zarIra para-apanA cihna aMkita kara detA hai| yadyapi yaha aMkana (cihna) dhuMdhalA athavA aspaSTa hone se pahale-pahala hamAre dRSTipatha meM nahIM AtA, tathApi kAlAntara meM kucha gaharA ho jAne para vaha pratyakSa rUpa se sAmane Akara kisI na kisI rUpa meM khar3A ho jAtA hai| yadyapi apanI pUrvAvasthA meM yaha atyanta bArIka hotA hai| kaccI miTTI para par3e padacihna kI bhAMti zIghra hI naSTa ho jAtA hai, tathApi kAlAntara meM paripakva ho jAne para yaha pASANa para utkIrNa rekhA kI taraha miTAne se bhI nahIM mitttaa| saMskAra, dhAraNA, Adata, vRtti, smRti Adi samAnArthaka haiM : kyoM aura kaise? .. kArya yA karma ke padacihna kA artha yahA~ miTTI para par3e hue padacihna jaisA kucha nahIM hai| na hI cittabhUmi yA kArmaNa zarIra miTTI ke jaisA hai, jisa para cihna aMkita huA dikhAI de ske| yaha to samajhAne ke lie upamA dI gaI hai| vastutaH cittabhUmi yA kArmaNa zarIra donoM hI jJAnAtmaka yA bhAvAtmaka haiN| isalie usa para par3A huA cihna bhI jJAnAtmaka yA bhAvAtmaka jaisA hI kucha hai| use zAstrIya bhASA meM vRtti, dhAraNA yA saMskAra kahate haiN| eka 1. karmarahasya, (bhAvAtha) pR. 125 2. vahI, (sArAMza) pR. 159 3. karmarahasya se pR. 159 For Personal & Private Use Only

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392. karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) prakAra se smRti kA cyuta na honA hI dhAraNA hai / ' koI bhI kArya, kriyA yA pravRtti kyoM na ho, use nirantara karate rahane para usakI Adata yA Teva par3a jAtI hai, usakA abhyAsa ho jAtA hai| jaise TAIpa kI mazIna para Tipa Tipa karate rahane se kucha hI dinoM meM TAIpa karane kI Adata par3a jAtI hai| . baiThe-baiThe paira hilAte rahane se yA sadaiva gardana laTakAkara calane se athavA kucha arse taka kisI eka bhASA ko bAra-bAra bolate rahane se kramazaH paira hilAne, gardana laTakAkara calane tathA usa bhASA ke bolane kI Adata par3a jAtI hai| ataH kArya jAnane kA ho, bolane kA ho, yA kucha bhI karane kA ho, satata hote rahane para usakI Teva yA Adata par3a jAtI hai| vaha Adata, Teva yA vRtti hI saMskAra zabda kI vAcaka hai| ise hI jAnane ke kSetra meM dhAraNA yA smRti kahate haiN| bolane yA karane ke kSetra meM yA bhogane ke kSetra meM ise saMskAra yA vRtti bhI kahate haiN| kisI bhI pATha yA maMtra ko bAra- bAra raTane yA doharAne se vaha smRti kA viSaya hokara jJAnagata dhAraNAmaya saMskAra bana jAtA hai| madyapAna yA dhUmrapAna karate rahane se usakI kuTeva par3a jAtI hai| ye saba karmagata saMskAra kahalAte haiN| bure vyaktiyoM kI bAra-bAra saMgati se bure tathA acche vyaktiyoM, sajjanoM yA sAdhujanoM kI bAra- bAra saMgati karane se acche saMskAra par3a jAte haiN| nazIlI cIja kA sevana karane vAle vyaktiyoM ke mana para prArambha meM usakA thor3A sA prabhAva par3atA hai, parantu bAra-bAra usakA sevana karane se vaha usake roma-roma meM saMskAragata vastu bana jAtI hai| citta para par3A prabhAva hI saMskArarUpa bana jAtA hai niSkarSa yaha hai ki acchA yA burA koI bhI kArya karane para, usakA prabhAva citta para avazya par3atA hai| kArya samApta hone para bhI citta para par3A prabhAva samApta nahIM hotaa| bhale hI pahalI bAra meM usa kArya kI Adata nahIM par3atI, parantu bAra-bAra karate rahane para vaha Adata pakkI ho jAtI hai, vahI saMskAra rUpa bana jAtI hai| prArambhika kArya bAra-bAra karane para sudRr3ha karma - saMskAra kisI ne degacI meM cAvala DAlakara pakane ke lie Aga para rakha diye| prathama, dvitIya Adi kSaNoM meM cAvala sarvathA nahIM pake, kintu Adha ghaMTe ke 1. 'aviccuI dhAraNA hoI / ' - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 2. karmarahasya pR. 160 3. vahI, pR. 161 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma : saMskAra rUpa bhI, pudgala rUpa bhI 393 pazcAt ve cAvala sarvathA paka gye| isI prakAra kisI cetanA dvArA kisI kArya ko prArambha karane para prathama Adi kSaNa meM hI usake saMskAra Adata ke rUpa meM nahIM par3e, kintu bAra-bAra karane para vahI Adata sudRr3ha hokara saMskAra kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai| isa para se yaha siddhAnta nirdhArita huA ki citta para par3A Adya prabhAva dhImA hI kyoM na ho, hotA avazya hai| kArmaNa zarIra use karma-saMskAra ke rUpa meM grahaNa kara letA hai aura dIrgha kAla ke pazcAt pRthaMka-pRthaka prabhAvoM ke samUha ke rUpa meM vaha saMcita saMskAra yA Adata ghanIbhUta ho jAtI hai| Azaya yaha hai ki karmagata atyanta kSINa prabhAva pratyeka bAra meM uttarottara gaharA hokara dRr3ha saMskAra ke rUpa meM rUpAntarita ho jAtA hai| jainazAstrIya bhASA meM pratyeka samaya meM prApta karma ke sUkSma prabhAva ko hama Asrava tathA saMskAra yA Adata ke rUpa meM unhIM aneka prabhAvoM ke ghanIbhUta ho jAne ko bandha tattva kaha sakate haiN|' avidyAgrasta jIvoM kI pratyeka pravRtti bandhakAraka isa para se yaha spaSTa hai ki janma-jarA-maraNarUpa saMsAra-cakra meM paribhramaNa karate hue prANI avidyA, ajJAna yA mithyAtva se grasta haiN| ve jo bhI kriyA yA pravRtti karate haiM, vaha ajJAnamUlaka hotI hai| rAgadveSAdivaza unakI pravRtti hotI hai, jo apane pIche saMskAra ko chor3a detI hai| isa kAraNa . unakI pratyeka pravRtti yA kriyA AtmA ke lie bandhanakAraka ho jAtI hai| yogadarzana meM saMskArarUpa meM karma __yogadarzana meM vRtti-pravRtti aura saMskAra ke cakra ko samajhAne ke lie kahA hai- (pravRttiyoM kI kAraNabhUta) vRttiyA~ pA~ca prakAra kI hotI haiM, jo kliSTa bhI hotI haiM, akliSTa bhii| jina vRttiyoM kA kAraNa kleza hotA hai aura jo karmAzaya ke lie AdhArabhUta hotI haiM, ve kliSTa vRttiyA~ kahalAtI haiN| Azaya yaha hai ki jJAtA jaba artha (padArtha) ko jAna kara usake prati rAga yA dveSa karatA hai, taba aisA karake vaha 'karmAzaya' ko saMcita karatA hai| isa prakAra dharma aura adharma ( puNya-pApa) ko utpanna karane vAlI vRttiyA~ kliSTa kahalAtI haiN| tathA kliSTajAtIya yA akliSTajAtIya saMskAra vRttiyoM ke 1. karmarahasya se sArAMza rUpa meM uddhRta pR. 161-162 2. karma kA svarUpa (paM. kailAzacandra jI zAstrI ke jinavANI karmasiddhAnta vizeSAMka meM . prakAzita lekha) se pR. 61 For Personal & Private Use Only

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394 karma - vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) dvArA hI hote aura vRttiyA~ saMskAra se prAdurbhUta hotI haiN| isa prakAra vRtti aura saMskAra kA cakra sarvadA calatA rahatA hai| ' pravRtti ke sAtha hI karma - saMskAra aura anubhava - saMskAra yogasUtra kI TIkA meM batAyA gayA hai ki anubhavajanya saMskAra vAsanA hai aura pravRttijanya saMskAra karma hai| vAsanA smRti ko utpanna karatI hai aura karma (klezayukta ho to) jAti, Ayu aura bhogarUpa vipAka ko utpanna karatA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki jaba-jaba prANI pravRtti karatA hai, taba-taba karma-saMskAra citta meM par3ate haiM aura pravRtti kAla meM hue anubhava ke saMskArabhI usI samaya citta meM par3ate haiN| isa prakAra pravRtti karma saMskAra aura anubhava-saMskAroM ko eka sAtha hI citta meM DAlatI hai| klezapUrvaka pravRtti hI citta meM karmasaMskAra kI kAraNa yogadarzana vyAsabhASya meM kahA gayA hai ki jIva jo pravRtti karatA hai, usake saMskAra citta meM par3ate haiN| ise hI karmasaMskAra, karmAzaya yA kevala karma kahA jAtA hai|.... klezapUrvaka pravRtti kI jAtI hai| tabhI karma-saMskAra citta par3ate haiM / yadi pravRtti klezarahita ho to karmasaMskAra citta meM nahIM pdd'te| isa dRSTi se 'kleza' hI karmabandha kA kAraNa hotA hai| karma saMskAra klezamUlaka hI hote haiN| puNyarUpa aura pAparUpa, donoM hI prakAra ke karma klezamUlaka hote haiM, isalie karma saMskAra arthAt karma bhI puNyarUpa aura pAparUpa, yoM do prakAra ke hote haiN| udAharaNArtha - eka vyakti svargAdi ke prati rAga se prerita hokara dharmarUpa pravRtti karatA hai, vaha pariNAmasvarUpa puNyarUpa karma bAMdhatA hai tathA dhanAdi ke prati rAga se prerita hokara koI corI Adi duSkRtya karatA hai, vaha pariNAmasvarUpa pAparUpa karma bAMdhatA hai| -yogadarzana 1/5 1. (ka) 'vRttayaH paMcatayyaH kliSTA akliSTAzca / ' (kha) 'kleza hetukAH karmAzaya-pracaya-kSetrIbhUtAH kliSTAH / ' -yogadarzana vyAsabhASya (ga) "pratipattA arthamavasAya tatra sakto dviSTo vA karmAzayamAcinotIti bhavanti dharmAdharmaprasavabhUmayo vRttayaH kliSTAH iti / " - tattva vaizAradI (gha) "tathAjAtIyakA kliSTajAtIyA akliSTajAtIyA vA saMskArA vRttibhireva kriyante / vRttibhiH saMskArAH saMskArebhyazca vRttaya ityevaM vRtti-saMskAracakre nirNtrmaavrtte|" - bhAsvatI TIkA 2. yogasUtra 4 / 8 kI vyAkhyA 3. (ka) yogadarzana, vyAsa bhASya 4/7 (kha) vahI, 2 / 12 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma : saMskAra rUpa bhI, pudgala rUpa bhI 395 bauddha paramparA meM pravRtti aura lobhAdi tripuTIvaza saMsAra-cakra .. bauddha paramparA ne karma kI adRSTa zakti para gahana cintana kiyA hai| usakA mantavya hai ki lobha (rAga), dveSa aura moha se karmoM kI utpatti hotI hai| tathA lobha (rAga), dveSa aura moha se hI prANI mana-vacana-kAya kI pravRttiyA~ karatA hai aura pravRttiyoM se vaha punaH rAga, dveSa aura moha utpanna karatA hai| isa prakAra pravRtti aura lobhAdi tripuTIvaza saMsAracakra satata calatA rahatA hai| isa cakra kA na Adi hai, na anta hai, vaha anAdi hai|' bauddha paramparA meM karma ke saMskArarUpa meM sthAnApanna zabda bauddhoM ne karma ko sUkSma aura mana-vacana-kAya pravRtti se janita mAnA hai| pravRtti ke pariNAmasvarUpa jo saMskAra (vAsanA) citta meM par3ate haiM, ve bhI karma kahalAte haiN| ataH bauddha dRSTi se karma se tAtparya pratyakSa pravRtti hI nahIM; kintu pratyakSa karmajanya saMskAra bhI hai| bauddha paribhASA meM ise vAsanA aura avijJapti kahAM gayA hai| mAnasika kriyAjanya saMskArarUpa karma ko vahA~ vAsanA aura vAcika evaM kAyika kriyAjanya saMskArarUpa karma ko avijJapti kahA hai| 'abhidhammakoSa' meM ise avijJaptirUpa aura visuddhimagga meM ise 'arUpI' kahA hai| sautrAntika matAnusAra karma kA samAveza arUpa meM hai| ve avijJapti ko nahIM maante| vijJAnavAdI bauddha dArzanika 'kama' ke lie 'vAsanA' zabda kA prayoga karate haiN| prajJAkara kA mata hai ki jitane bhI kArya haiM, ve sabhI vAsanAjanya haiN| zUnyavAdI bauddha anAdi avidyA kA aparanAma hI 'vAsanA' batAte haiN| . karma ke sandarbha meM; avidyA-paramparA se saMsAracakra kI paramparA - .. 'milindaprazna' meM isakA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA gayA ......avidyA ke hone se saMskAra, saMskAra ke hone se vijJAna, vijJAna ke hone se nAma aura rUpa, nAma aura rUpa ke hone se SaDAyatana aura SaDAyatanoM ke hone se sparza, sparza ke hone se vedanA, vedanA ke hone se tRSNA, tRSNA ke 1. (ka) pramANa vArtikAlaMkAra pR. 75 (kha) karmavAda : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana (jinavANI vizeSAMka) pR.21 2. (ka) jinavANI karmasiddhAMta vizeSAMka se pR. 21-22 - (kha) pramANavArtikAlaMkAra pR. 75 (ga) vahI, pR. 75 (gha) jaina darzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, pR. 424 (Ga) visuddhimaggo 17/110 (ca) abhidhamma koSa 1/9 For Personal & Private Use Only

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396 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) hone se upAdAna, upAdAna ke hone se bhava, bhava ke hone se janma aura janma ke hone se jarA, maraNa, roga, zoka, ronA-pITanA, duHkha aura becainI-parezAnI hotI hai| isa prakAra ina duHkhoM ke silasile kA prArambha kahA~ se huA? isakA kucha patA nhiiN|' isa prakAra vAsanAvaza pravRtti-pratipravRtti yA kriyA-pratikriyA ke niyamAnusAra karma saMskAracakra ke rUpa meM uttarottara anavarata calate rahate haiN| klezarUpa karmasaMskAra saMsAra meM purnajanma kA kAraNa isI grantha meM janma-maraNAdirUpa saMsAra paribhramaNa kA kAraNa kleza ko batAte hue eka sthAna para saMvAda hai milindanRpa-"(marane ke bAda) kauna janma grahaNa karate haiM, kauna nahIM ?" sthavira- "jinameM kleza (citta kA maila) lagA hai, ve janma grahaNa karate haiM aura jo klezarahita ho gae haiM, ve janma grahaNa nahIM krte|" / nRpa- "bhaMte / Apa janma grahaNa kareMge yA nahIM?" sthavira-"mahArAja ! yadi saMsAra ke prati Asakti lagI rahegI to janma grahaNa karUMgA aura yadi Asakti chUTa jAegI to nahIM kruuNgaa|" __isa saMvAda se spaSTa pratIta hotA hai, kleza zabda hI yahA~ saMskArarUpa 'kama' kA sthAnApanna hai| mImAMsAdarzana meM apUrva nAmaka vedavihita karmajanya saMskAra mImAMsaka cAra prakAra ke karma mAnate haiM- (1) kAmya (2) pratiSiddha, (3) nitya aura (4) naimittik| kAmya karma-kAmanA vizeSa kI siddhi ke lie hai| pratiSiddhi karma-anarthotpAdaka hone se niSiddha hai| nityakarma-phalAkAMkSA ke binA karaNIya karma hai, jaise-sNdhyaavndnaadi| aura avasara vizeSa para kiyA jAne vAlA zrAddha Adi naimittika karma hai| mImAMsAdarzana meM niSkAma bhAva se kiye jAne vAle veda-vihita nitya aura naimittika karma duHkha aura karmabandha ke kAraNa nahIM mAne jAte, duHkha aura bandhana se mukta hone ke lie kAmyakarma aura niSiddhakarma tyAjya mAne jAte hai| 1. milindaprazna pR. 62 2. milindaprazna, pR. 39 3. (ka) jainadRSTie karma kI prastAvanA (nagInadAsa jIvaNalAla zAha) se pR. 28 (kha) AtmamImAMsA (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) pR. 108 (ga) zAbarabhASya 2/1/5 (gha) taMtravArtika 2/1/5, pRSTha 395 (Ga) zAstradIpikA pR. 80 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma : saMskAra rUpa bhI, pudgala rUpa bhI 397 yajJAdi karma (anuSThAna) karate hI turaMta phala kI niSpatti nahIM hotI, kAlAntara meM hotI meM hai; kyoMki vaha anuSThAna (kama) kriyArUpa hone se kSaNika hotA hai| aisI sthiti meM karma ke abhAva meM vaha (kama) phalotpAdaka kaise ho sakatA hai ? isake uttara meM mImAMsakoM ne kahA- "apUrva dvArA karmaphala niSpanna hotA hai| pratyeka karma meM apUrva (puNyApuNya) ko utpanna karane kI zakti yA yogyatA hotI hai| karma se apUrva aura apUrva se phala utpanna hotA hai| apUrva hI eka prakAra se karma-saMskAra hai; jo karma aura karmaphala ko jor3ane vAlA hai| apUrva veda dvArA vihita karma se utpanna hone vAlI yogyatA yA zakti hai| anya dArzanika jise saMskAra, yogyatA, sAmarthya yA zakti kahate haiM, usI ko mImAMsaka 'apUrva' kahate haiN| parantu ve yaha avazya mAnate haiM ki veda-vihita karma se jisa zakti yA saMskAra kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai, usI ko apUrva kahanA cAhie, anya karmajanya saMskAra ko nhiiN| ___ mImAMsakoM kA mantavya hai ki yajJAdi karma aura puruSa, donoM apane Apa meM svargarUpa phala dene meM asamartha yA ayogya hote haiM, kintu yajJAdi karma ke anuSThAna ke pazcAt eka aisI yogyatA paidA ho jAtI hai, jisase kartA ko svargarUpa phala milatA hai|' sAMkhyadarzana meM saMskAra ke artha meM karma kA grahaNa . sAMkhyadarzana meM karma ke rUpa meM saMskAra cakra kA sAtatya batAte hue kahA gayA hai-dharmAdharma saMskAra haiN| usI saMskAravaza, arthAt-karmavaza zarIrotpatti hotI hai| sAMkhyakArikA meM kahA hai-samyagjJAna (tattvajJAna vivekakhyAti) kI prApti ho jAne para saMcita dharma-adharma ityAdi karmoM kA bIja bhAva to naSTa ho jAtA hai, kintu prArabdha karmoM ke avaziSTa saMskAroM (karmoM) ke sAmarthya se sAdhaka vaise hI zarIra dhAraNa kiye rahatA hai, jaise daNDa se calAe gaye cAka (cakra) kA sambandha kumhAra se haTa jAne para (daNDacAlana baMda ho jAne para) bhI pUrva-utpanna vega nAmaka saMskAravaza ghUmatA rahatA hai| arthAt-puruSa 1. (ka) karmabhyaH prAgayogyasya karmaNaH puruSasya vaa| yogyatA zAstragamyA yA parA saa'puurvmissyte| -taMtravArtika 2/1/15 (kumArila bhaTTa) (kha) vahI, pR. 395, 396, 399 For Personal & Private Use Only

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398 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . + 2 samyagjJAna kI prApti ho jAne para bhI karma-saMskAravaza saMsAracakra meM sthita rahatA hai| kyoMki phala diye binA saMskAra kA kSaya nahIM hotaa| klezarUpI jala hI karma-bIjAkurotpatti kA kAraNa vAcaspati mizra kA kathana hai- "klezarUpI jala se siMcita buddhirUpI bhUmi meM karmarUpI bIja aMkuroM ko utpanna karate haiN| jisakA samasta karmarUpI jala tattvajJAnarUpI grISmakAla se sUkha cukA hai, usa zuSka-USara bhUmi meM karma-bIjoM kA aMkura kaise utpanna ho sakatA hai ? 2 vaizeSikadarzana meM karmAzaya (saMskAra) vaza punaH punaH saMsArabandha prazastapAdabhASya meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya Adi ko dharma ke aura hiMsA, asatya aura steya (corI) Adi ko adharma ke sAdhana batalAte hue kahA gayA hai- "ajJAnI jIva ko rAga-dveSayukta vRtti se kucha adharmasahita; kintu prakRSTadharmamUlaka pravRtti karane se brahmaloka, indraloka, prajApatiloka, pitRloka aura manuSyaloka meM apane-apane Azaya ( karmAzayasaMskAra) ke anurUpa iSTa zarIra, manojJa indriyaviSaya aura sukhAdi kA saMyoga prApta hotA hai| isake viparIta kucha dharmayukta, kintu prakRSTa adharmamUlaka pravRttiyoM ke karane se pretayoni, tiryagyoni Adi sthAnoM meM aniSTa zarIra, amanojJa indriya-viSaya evaM duHkhAdi kA yoga prApta hotA hai| isI prakAra adharmasahita, kintu pravRttimUlaka dharma se deva, manuSya, tiryaJca aura nArakoM meM (janma lekara) bAra-bAra saMsAra-bandha ko karatA hai| AcArya prazastapAda ne caubIsa guNoM ke antargata mAne gae 'adRSTa' guNa ko saMskAra se pRthak mAnakara do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai- dharma aura 1. (ka) "samyagjJAnAdhigamAddharmAdInAmakaraNa praaptau| - tiSThati saMskAravazAt cakra bhramivat dhRtazarIraH // " -sAMkhyakArikA 67 (kha) "saMskAro nAma dharmAdharmI nimitta kRtvA shriirotpttirbhvti|........ saMskAravazAt krmvshaadityrthH|" -mAThara vRti 2. "klezasalilAvasiktAyAM hi buddhibhUmau karmabIjAnyaMkura prsvte| tattvajJAnanidAgha-nipIta-sakalaklezasalilAyAmUSarAya kutaH karmabIjAnAmaMkura-prasavaH ? -sAMkhyatattva kaumudI pR. 315 3. "aviduSo rAgadveSavataH pravartakAd dharmAt prakRSTAt svalpA'dharmasahitAt brahmendra prajApati-pitR-manuSya-lokeSu AzayAnurUpairiSTa-zarIrendriya-viSayasukhAdibhiryogo bhvti| tathA prakRSTAdadharmAt svalpadharmasahitAt preta-tiryagyoni-sthAneSu aniSTa-zarIrendriya-viSaya-duHkhAdibhiryogo bhvti| evaM pravRttilakSaNAd dharmAd adharmasahitAd deva-manuSya-tiryaGa-nArakeSu punaH punaH saMsAra-bandho bhvti|" -vaizeSika darzana, prazastapAdabhASya pR. 280-281 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma : saMskAra rUpa bhI, pudgala rUpa bhI 399 adhrm| isI prakAra vaizeSika darzana ne dharmAdharma kA samAveza nyAyadarzana kI taraha 'saMskAra' meM na karake 'adRSTa' meM kiyA hai; kintu hai vaha karmAzaya ke anurUpa hii|' dharma-adharma kA svarUpa aura adRSTa kA kArya icchA-dveSa-pUrvaka kI jAne vAlI acchI (zubha) kriyA (pravRtti) dharma kahalAtI hai aura burI (azubha) kriyA adharma kahalAtI hai| isI prakAra zubhaazubha pravRttijanya adRSTa ko bhI kramazaH dharma-adharma kahA jAtA hai| dharmarUpa adRSTa AtmA meM sukha paidA karatA hai, jabaki adharmarUpa adRSTa duHkha; kyoMki zubhakriyA kA phala sukha hotA hai aura azubhakriyA kA phala duHkh|' vaizeSikadarzanamAnya adRSTa bhI karmajanya saMskArarUpa hai ___ cUMki kriyA to kSaNika hai, isalie vaha kAlAntara meM yA janmAntara meM phala kaise de sakatI hai ? isI samasyA ke hala ke lie vaizeSikoM ne "adRSTa" kI kalpanA kI, jo ki kriyA aura usake phala ke bIca meM kar3I ke samAna hai| kriyA ko lekara AtmA meM adRSTa paidA hotA hai, jo apanA sukharUpa yA dukharUpa phala AtmA meM utpanna karake pUrNatayA bhoga liye jAne ke pazcAt hI nivRtta hotA hai| AtmA meM adRSTa aura usake phala utpanna hone meM kAraNa vastutaH kriyA (pravRtti) nahIM icchA-dveSa hI dharmAdharmarUpa adRSTa kAraNa mAne gaye haiN| prazna hotA hai-kriyA to zarIra yA mana karatA hai, aisI sthiti meM adRSTa aura usakA phala AtmA meM kaise utpanna ho sakatA hai| vaizeSikoM kA uttara hai ki dharmAdharmarUpa adRSTa kI utpatti meM hamane kriyA ko kAraNa na mAnakara icchA-dveSa ko hI kAraNa mAnA hai| arthAt jisa AtmA meM icchA-dveSa utpanna hote haiM, usI AtmA meM tajjanya adRSTa utpanna . hotA hai, aura usI AtmA meM vaha adRSTajanya sukha yA duHkha utpanna hotA hai| icchA-dveSanirapekSa kriyA adRSTotpAdaka nahIM hai| saMsakAra aura adRSTa meM kevala nAma kA antara . naiyAyika aura vaizeSikoM kI mAnyatA prAyaH samAna hai| antara kevala yaha hai ki naiyAyika jahA~ dharmAdharma kA ullekha saMskAra zabda se karate haiM, vahA~ 1. prazastapAdabhASya 2. (ka) jainadRSTie karma (prastAvanA) pR. 24-25 (kha) prazastapAda bhASya, guNasAdharmya-prakaraNa 3. dekheM- prazastapAdabhASya guNa-sAdharmya prakaraNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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400 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) vaizeSika usakA ullekha adRSTa zabda se karate haiN| yaha kevala nAma bheda samajhanA caahie| vaise donoM hI darzana doSa se saMskAra, saMskAra se janma, janma se doSa aura phira doSa se saMskAra evaM janma; yaha paramparA bIja aura aMkura ke samAna anAdi mAnate haiN|2 / nyAyadarzana dvArA mAnya dharmAdharmarUpa saMskAra kA svarUpa nyAyasUtra evaM usake vAtsyAyanabhASya meM naiyAyikoM ne rAga, dveSa aura moha ina tInoM ko 'doSa' mAnA hai| ina tIna doSoM se preraNA prApta kara jIvoM kI mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRtti hotI hai| ina pravRttiyoM se dharma-adharma kI utpatti hotI hai| dharmAdharma kA hI dUsarA nAma saMskAra hai| nyAyamaMjarI meM spaSTa kahA hai ki usa karmajanya saMskAra ko hI naiyAyika dharmAdharma zabdoM se pukArate haiN| dharmAdharmarUpa Atma-saMskAraH karmaphalabhoga-paryanta sthAyI isake atirikta nyAyamaMjarIkAra ne yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki "deva, manuSya tathA tiryaJcoM meM jo zarIrotpatti dekhI jAtI hai, pratyeka padArtha ko jAnane ke lie jo buddhi utpanna hotI hai aura AtmA ke sAtha mana kA jo saMsarga hotA hai, vaha saba pravRtti ke pariNAma kA vaibhava hai| sabhI pravRttiyA~ kriyAtmaka haiM, ataH kSaNika haiM, phira bhI unase utpanna hone vAlA dharmAdharmapadavAcya Atma-saMskAra karmaphala ke bhogane taka sthira rahatA hai| vibhinna darzanoM meM karma saMskArarUpa siddha hotA hai ___ isa prakAra vibhinna dArzanikoM ke mantavyoM se yaha spaSTa pratIta ho jAtA hai ki 'kama' nAma kriyA yA pravRtti kA hai tathA usa pravRtti ke mUla meM rAga-dveSa rahate haiN| yadyapi vaha kriyA, karma yA pravRtti kSaNika evaM nAzavAna hotI hai, phira bhI usakA saMskAra phala bhoga-paryanta sthAyI rahatA hai| saMskAra se pravRtti 1. AtmamImAMsA pR. 101 2. prazastapAdabhASya pR. 47, 637, 643 3. (ka) nyAyabhASya 1/1/2 (kha) nyAyasUtra 1/1/17, 4/1/3-9 (ga) evaM ca kSaNabhaMgitvAt saMskAradvArikaH sthitH| ___sa karmajanya saMskAro dhrmaadhrmgirocyte||" -nyAyamaMjarI pR. 472 4. "yo hyayaM deva-manuSya-tiryagbhUmiSu zarIrasargaH, yazca prativiSayaM buddhi sargaH, yazcAtmanA saha manasA saMsargaH; sa sarvaH pravRttereva prinnaam-vibhvH| pravRttezca sarvasyAH kriyAtvAt kSaNikatve'pi tadupahito dharmAdharma-zabda-vAcya Atma-saMskAraH krm-phlopbhog-pryntsthitirstyev| - nyAyamaMjarI pR. 70 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma : saMskAra rUpa bhI, pudgala rUpa bhI aura pravRtti se saMskAra kI paramparA niyamabaddharUpa se yA kriyA-pratikriyA rUpa meM, anAdi kAla se calI A rahI hai| yahI janma- jarA mRtyu - vyAdhirUpa saMsAra hai| isa dRSTi se karma saMskArarUpa siddha hotA hai| kintu jainadarzana meM karma kA svarUpa saMskArarUpa se atirikta bhI hai|" jainadarzana ke anusAra karma : saMskArarUpa bhI aura pudgalarUpa bhI jainadarzana 'karma' ko saMskArarUpa bhI mAnatA hai| isakA vivecana hama 'karmazabda ke vibhinna artha aura rUpa' nAmaka prakaraNa meM bhI kara Ae haiN| usakA niSkarSa yahI hai ki jainadarzana meM karma kevala saMskAra mAtra hI nahIM hai, apitu pudgalarUpa bhI hai| yahA~ karma ko eka vastubhUta padArtha bhI mAnA hai| vaizeSika Adi darzanoM aura jainadarzana meM karma ke lakSaNa meM antara vaizeSika Adi darzanoM aura jainadarzana meM karma- sAmAnya ke lakSaNa meM antara itanA hI hai ki ve pariNamanarUpa bhAvAtmaka paryAya ko karma na kahakara kevala parispandanarUpa kriyAtmaka paryAya ko hI karma kahate haiM, jabaki jainadarzana donoM prakAra kI paryAyoM ko 'karma' kahatA hai| ubhayavidha karma kI vyAkhyA 401 jainadarzana kA mantavya yaha hai ki jaise - karmakAraka yA utkSepaNa, avakSepaNa Adi meM karmazabda rAgAdi pariNAmayukta parispandanarUpa kriyA ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai, vaise hI jIva ke rAgAdi pariNAmoM ke kAraNa kArmaNamudgala karmatva ko prApta hote haiN| isalie pariNamanarUpa bhAvAtmaka kriyA ko bhI karma kahanA caahie| isakA kucha spaSTIkaraNa hama 'karmazabda ke . vibhinna artha aura rUpa' nAmaka prakaraNa meM kara Ae haiN| pravacanasAra TIkA meM AcArya amRtacandrasUri bhI isI tathya kA samarthana karate haiM- "AtmA ke dvArA prApya hone ke kriyA ko karma kahate haiM aura usake nimitta se pariNamana ko prApta 'pudgala' (kArmaNa-pudgala) bhI 'karma' kahalAtA hai"|' isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki AtmA meM kampanarUpa kriyA hotI hai, isa kriyA ke nimitta se pudgala ke vizaSTa paramANuoM meM jo pariNamana hotA hai use bhI karma kahate haiN| 1. dekheM, jinavANI karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka meM paM. kailAzacandra jI zAstrI kA 'karma kA svarUpa' lekha pR. 61 2. jainendra siddhAnta koSa bhA. 2, pR. 26 3. "kriyA khalvAtmanA prApyatvAt karma, tannimitta prApta pariNAmaH pudgalo'pi karma / " - pravacanasAra TIkA (amRtacandra sUri) For Personal & Private Use Only

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402 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) pudgala kA karmarUpa meM pariNamana: kaise ? jIva ke rAgAdi-pariNAmoM ke nimitta se pudgala kA karmarUpa meM pariNamana kaise ho jAtA hai ? ise samajhAne ke lie kezavasiMha ne kriyAkoSa meM kahA hai- koI vyakti sUrya ke sammukha darpaNa rakhakara usa darpaNa ke Age rUI rakha detA hai to sUrya aura darpaNa kA teja milakara agni prakaTa ho jAtI hai, vaha rUI usase jala jAtI hai| na to akelI rUI meM hI agni hai, na hI. darpaNa meM kahIM agni hai| sUrya aura darpaNa ke sAtha rUI kA saMyoga milane se niHsandeha agni paidA ho jAtI hai| isI prakAra jIva ke sAtha usake rAgAdi pariNAmoM ke saMyoga se AtmA meM sthita pudgaloM kA karmarUpa meM pariNamana ho jAtA hai| karma kevala saMskArarUpa hI nahIM, pudgalarUpa bhI hai isalie karma kebala saMskArarUpa hI na hokara, pudgalarUpa bhI hai; eka vastubhUta padArtha hai; rAga-dveSa pariNAmayukta jIva kI kriyA se AkRSTa hokara jIva ke sAtha usI taraha ghulamila jAtA hai, jaise dUdha meM pAnI / vaha padArtha hai to bhautika- paudgalika, kintu usakA karma nAma isalie rUr3ha ho gayA hai ki jIva ke karma arthAt - kriyA ke kAraNa se AkRSTa hokara jIva ke sAtha baMdha jAtA hai, cipaka jAtA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki jahA~ anyadarzana rAga-dveSa-mohAdi se AviSTa jIva kI pratyeka kriyA ko karma kahate haiM aura usa karma ke kSaNika hone para bhI adRSTa, dharmAdharma, apUrva, karmAzaya, kleza Adi se mAdhyama se janita saMskAra ko sthAyI mAnate haiM, vahA~ jaina darzana kA mantavya hai ki karma kA isa saMskArarUpa ke sivAya bhI eka aura rUpa haipudglruup| rAgadveSAviSTa jIva kI pratyeka kriyA ke sAtha AtmA meM eka prakAra kA dravya-pudgala AtA hai, jo usake rAga-dveSa pariNAmoM kA nimitta pAkara AtmA ke sAtha baMdha jAtA hai| kAlAntara meM yahI (karma) pudgala - dravya jIva ko zubhAzubha phala detA hai| 1. sUraja sammukha darpaNa dharai, rUI tAke Age karai / ravi-darpaNa ko teja milAya, agana upaja rUI bali jAya // 54 // nahiM aganI ikalI rUI mAhi, darpaNamadhya kahU~ hai nAMhi / duni ko saMyoga milAya, upajai agani na saMzai thAya // 55 // -kriyAkoSa (kezavasiMha) 2. "kriyA nAma AtmanA prApyatvAt karma, tannimitta prApta pariNAmapudgalo'pi karma / " - pravacanasAra TIkA gA. 25 3. dekheM - jinavANI karma-vizeSAMka meM paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI kA 'karma kA svarUpa' lekha pR. 64 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma : saMskAra rUpa bhI, pudgala rUpa bhI 403 jIva ke rAgAdi pariNamana meM paudgalika karma nimitta mAtra isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue 'puruSArtha siddhayupAya' meM kahA gayA hai; jaise--megha ke avalambana se sUrya kI kiraNoM kA indra- dhanuSAdirUpa pariNamana ho jAtA hai, isI prakAra svayaM apane caitanyamaya (vaibhAvika) bhAvoM se pariNamanazIla jIva ke rAgAdirUpa pariNamana meM paudgalika karma nimitta mAtra ho jAtA hai| vastutaH jIva ke rAgAdi- pariNAmoM kA nimitta pAkara pudgaloM kA karmarUpa meM pariNamana svataH ho jAtA hai| 1 jIva aura pudgala ke pariNamana meM donoM eka-dUsare ke lie nimitta isI tathya kA tAttvika dRSTi se vizleSaNa karate hue samayasAra meM kahA gayA hai - " tAttvikaM dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAe to jIva na to karma meM guNa utpanna karatA hai aura na karma hI jIva meM koI guNa utpanna karatA hai, kintu jIva aura pudgala kA eka-dUsare ke nimitta se viziSTa pariNamana huA karatA hai / " ataH jIva ke pariNAmoM kA nimitta pAkara pudgala (karmagarvaNA ke pudgala) kA karmarUpa meM pariNamana hotA hai| isI prakAra paudgalika karma ke nimitta se jIva kA bhI pariNamana hotA hai| 2 pudgaloM kA karmabhAva meM pariNamana svataH 'pravacanasAra' meM bhI isa tathya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai- "jIva kI rAgAdirUpa pariNati- vizeSa ko prApta kara karmarUpa pariNamana zakti ke yogya pudgalaskandha svayameva karmabhAva se pariNata hote haiN| unakA karmatvapariNamana jIva ke dvArA nahIM kiyA gayA hai| cUMki karma ke kAraNa malinatA ko prApta AtmA karma- saMyukta pariNAma ko (ka) pariNamamAnasya citazcidAtmakaH, svayamapi svakairbhAvaiH / bhavati hi nimitta bhAva paudgalikaM karma tasyApi // - puruSArtha siddhayupAya 13 (TIkA) (kha) jIvakRtaM pariNAma nimitta mAtra prapadya punaranye / svayameva pariNamante'tra pudgalAH karma bhAvena // 1. (ka) Na vi kuvvaI kammaguNo jIvo, kamma taheva jIvaguNe / aNoNa NimitreNa du pariNAma jANa doNhapi // (kha) jIvapariNAma- heduM kammata puggalA pariNamati / puggala - kamma NimittaM taheva jIvovi pariNaI // - puruSArtha siddhayupAya 12 For Personal & Private Use Only - samayasAra 81 samayasAra 80

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404 karma - vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) prApta karatA hai| isase phira karma zliSTa ho (cipaka) jAte haiN| ataH pariNAma: ko bhI karma kahate haiM / ' karma- pudgaloM ke karmarUpa meM pariNamana kI prakriyA karma-pudgaloM ke karmarUpa meM pariNamana kI prakriyA ke sambandha meM jainadarzana kA kathana hai ki jainadarzana meM loka meM 6 dravya mAne gaye haiM- dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, jIvAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya aura kAla / hama apane cAroM ora carma netroM se jo kucha dekhate haiM, vaha saba. pudgala-dravya hai| yaha pudgala dravya 23 prakAra kI vargaNAoM meM vibhakta hai| una vargaNAoM meM eka kArmaNa vargaNA bhI hai, jo samasta loka meM vyApta hai| yaha kArmaNa-vargaNA hI rAgAdi-grasta jIvoM ke karmoM kA nimitta pAkara karmarUpa meM pariNata ho jAtI hai| " pravacana sAra meM isI tathya ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai- "jaba rAga-dveSa se yukta AtmA zubha - azubha kAryoM meM pravRttapariNata hotI hai, taba usameM jJAnAvaraNIyAdi - rUpa se karma-raja praviSTa hotI haiN| " 3 pariNAmoM se karma aura karma se pariNAma kA cakra niSkarSa yaha hai ki jo karma baddha jIva janma-maraNAdirUpa saMsAracakra meM par3A hai, usake rAgadveSAdirUpa pariNAma avazya hote haiN| pariNAmoM se naye karma baMdhate hai| karmoM se gatiyoM meM janma, janma se zarIra aura indriya-prApti, indriyoM se viSayagrahaNa tathA viSayagrahaNa se rAga-dveSarUpa pariNAma hote haiN| isa prakAra saMsAracakra meM par3e hue jIva ke pariNAmoM se karma aura karma se pariNAma hote rahate hai| * jIva- pudgala karmacakra pahale kriyA-pratikriyA ke niyamAnusAra karmabaddha jIva (AtmA) ke rAgAdi-pariNAmajanya saMskAra ke rUpa meM karma rahate haiM, phira AtmA meM sthita prAcIna karmoM ke sAtha hI naye karma bandhana ko prApta hote rahate haiN| isa prakAra 1. (ka) kammattaNa- pAoggA khaMdhA, jIvassa pariNaI pappA / gacchati kammabhAva, Nahite jIveNa pariNamidA || (kha) AdA kammamalimaso pariNAma lahadi kammasaMjuttaM / tato silasAdikammaM tamhA kammaM tu pariNAmo // 2. paMcama karmagrantha prastAvanA (paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI) se pR. 9 3. pariNamadi jadA appA, suhammi asuhammi rAga - dosajudo / taM pavisadi kammarayaM NANAvaraNAdi bhAvehiM || 4. paMcAstikAya gA. 128, 129, 130 kA bhAvArtharUpa sArAMza For Personal & Private Use Only - pravacanasAra 2 / 77 pravacanasAra 2/29 -pravacanasAra gA. 94

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karma : saMskAra rUpa bhI, pudgala rUpa bhI 405 paramparA se kadAcit karmabaddha mUrtika AtmA ke sAtha mUrtika karma-dravya kA sambandha hai| saMsArI jIva aura karma ke isa anAdi-sambandha ko 'jIvapudgala-karmacakra' ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| pudgaladravya tathA tannimittaka bhAva bhI karmarUpa abhiprAya yaha hai ki anya darzana jahA~ jIva kI pravRtti (kriyA) aura tajjanya saMskAra ko hI karma kahakara ruka gaye, vahA~ jainadarzana karmabaddha saMsArI jIva (AtmA) ko kathaMcit mUrta mAnakara pudgala dravya ko aura usake nimitta se hone vAle rAga-dveSarUpa bhAvoM ko bhI karma kahatA hai|' pudgalarUpa karma kA nirUpaNa jainadarzana meM hI itane vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki karma kAraka jagat prasiddha hai| tathA jIva mana-vacana-kAya dvArA kucha na kucha karatA hai, yaha sabhI usakI kriyA yA karma hai, ise jIvakarma yA bhAvakarma kahate haiN| ye do prakAra ke karma to sabako svIkAra haiN| parantu isa prakAra ke bhAvakarma se prabhAvita (AkRSTa) hokara kucha sUkSma jar3a (kama) pudgala-skandha jIva ke aneka pradezoM meM praviSTa ho jAte haiM, usake sAtha ba~dha jAte haiN| yaha bAta kevala jainadarzana hI batAtA hai| ye sUkSma pudgalaskandha ajIvakarma yA dravyakarma kahalAte hai| ye rUpa-rasAdidhAraka mUrtika hote haiN| jIva jaise-jaise karma karatA hai, usake svabhAva ko lekara ye dravyakarma usake sAtha baMdhate haiN| ataH siddha hai ki karma pudgalarUpa bhI haiM, jinake prabhAva se jIva ke jJAnAdi guNa tirohita ho jAte hai| sUkSma hone ke kAraNa ye carmacakSuoM se dRSTa nahIM haiN| 1. paMcama karmagrantha prastAvanA pR. 11 se sAra-saMkSepa 2. jainendra siddhAnta koSa bhA. 2 pR. 25 For Personal & Private Use Only

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406 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . karma kA parataMtrIkAraka svarUpa karma-pudgala hI jIva ko bandhana meM jakar3a kara parataMtra banAte haiM / jainadarzana meM jIvana aura jagat ke saMcAlana se sambaddha chaha dravya mAne jAte haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM-dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, kAla, jIvAstikAya aura pudglaastikaay| ina sabhI dravyoM kA apanAapanA pRthak-pRthak svabhAva hai| inakA apanA svabhAva kabhI nirmUla nahIM hotaa| vibhAva (sva-bhAva se viparIta bhAva) svabhAva ko vikRta kara sakatA hai, AvRta kara sakatA hai, usake svabhAva ke prakaTIkaraNa meM bAdhaka bana sakatA hai tathA svabhAva ko dabA sakatA hai, kintu vaha kisI dravya ke svabhAva ko nirasta nahIM kara sakatA, na hI sarvathA lupta yA vinaSTa (zUnya) kara sakatA hai| pUrvokta chaha dravyoM meM se dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla, ye cAra dravya to AtmA (jIva) se svabhAvataH alipta aura taTastha haiN| ye jIva kI gati, sthiti, avakAza aura samayAdi vyavahAra meM sahAyaka yA taTastha nimitta bana sakate haiM, kintu jIva (AtmA) ko apanI giraphta meM lene, jakar3ane, bAMdhane aura parataMtra banAne kA inakA svabhAva yA sAmarthya nahIM hai| baMdhate hai to do hI dravya, paraspara zliSTa hote haiM, donoM apane-apane svabhAva kA prabhAva eka dUsare para DAlate haiN| donoM dravya (jIva aura pudgala) eka dUsare para hAvI hone kA prayatna karate haiN| inameM se jo prabala hotA hai, vaha apane svabhAva se dUsare ko vikRta kara detA hai, athavA dUsare ko dabA detA hai, adhIna banA letA hai| __ isake viparIta yoM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIva aura pudgala donoM meM caitanyazIla-jJAnavAn to jIva hI hai, pudgala to jar3a aura jJAnazUnya hai| isalie jIva (AtmA) jaba apane svabhAva ko bhUlakara para-bhAva yA vibhAva meM ramaNa karane laga jAtA hai, para-bhAva tathA vibhAva ko hI apanA tathA apanA svabhAva samajhane lagatA hai; para-bhAva yA vibhAva meM hI mana-vacana For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA paratatrIkAraka svarUpa 407 kAyA se pravRtta hone lagatA hai, taba ve para-dravya yAnI pudgala vizeSataH karmapudgala usa para hAvI ho jAte haiM, use jakar3a lete haiM, bAMdha lete haiM, yA usake sAtha cipaka jAte haiM, usako (jIva ko) parataMtra aura nijAdhIna banA lete haiM, use vikRta kara dete haiN| karma : jIva ko parataMtra banAne vAlA ahitakara zatru jo kisI ko parataMtra banAtA hai, apane zikaMje meM kasakara use manacAhA nacAtA hai, paravaza kara detA hai, vaha vyAvahArika jagat meM eka prakAra se zatru yA virodhI kahalAtA hai| virodhI yA zatru sadaiva apane pratipakSI kA ahita karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki 'padmanandi-paMcaviMzatikA meM kahA gayA hai-"dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla, ye cAra dravya merA ahita nahIM krte| ye cAroM gamanAdi kAryoM meM merI sahAyatA karate haiN| eka pudgalaH / dravya hI karma aura nokarmarUpa hokara mere samIpa rahatA hai, yaha baMdhana (bandha) meM jakar3ane aura paratantra banAne vAlA merA zatru hai| ataH maiM aba usa karmarUpI zatru ko bhedavijJAnarUpI talavAra se vinaSTa karatA huuN| samayasAra (AtmakhyAti) meM kahA gayA hai-jIva ke lie karmasaMyoga aisA hI hai, jaisA. sphaTika ke lie tmaalptr| arihanta tIrthaMkaraH karmarUpI-zatruoM ke hAraka - arihantoM-tIrthakaroM ke lie AgamoM tathA unakI vyAkhyAoM evaM granthoM meM yatra-tatra karmarUpI ari-zatruoM ko cUra-cUra karane vAle, karmazatru kA dhvaMsa karane vAle kahA gayA hai| vastutaH karmoM ko 'baMdhavihANe' (baMdhavidhAna) meM AtmA ke jJAna, darzana, cAritra, Ananda evaM zaktirUpI dhana ko lUTane vAle luTere kahA gayA hai|' 1. "dharmAdharma-nabhAsi kAla iti me naivAhitaM kurvate, catvAro'pi sahAyatAmupagatAstiSThanti gtyaadissu| - eMkaH pudgala eva sannidhigato, nokarma-karmAkRtiH, vairI bandhakRdeSa samprati mayA bhedAsinA khnndditH|" -padmanandi paMcaviMzatikA 25 , AlocanAdhikAra 2. samayasAra (AtmakhyAti) 89 3. (ka) karmArIn ripUna hanti -nazyatIti arihn| ___ (kha) bhettAraM karmabhUbhRtAm -sarvArthasiddhi TIkA 4. "iha karmaluNTAkairluNTitajJAnAdyAtmadhanA..................karma prakRtInAM gati'manavagAhamAnAH............." -baMdhavihANe uttarapayaDibaMdho (pUrvAMza) TIkA pR. 9 (saMzodhaka- zrI vijayapremasUrijI) For Personal & Private Use Only

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408 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . karmabandha kA vyutpattilabhya artha : paratatratA meM DAlane vAlA isI prakAra karmabandha kA vyutpattimUlaka artha karate hue 'baMdha vihANA meM kahA gayA hai-"jo bAMdha detA hai, arthAt-parataMtratA-asvataMtratA meM DAla detA hai vaha (karma-) baMdha hai|' jJAnIjana karmavipAka kI parataMtratA ko bhalI-bhAMti jAnate haiM karmavijJAna-marmajJoM ne karmAdhInatA athavA karma-vipAka-paravazatA ko bhalI-bhAMti jAna liyaa| isIlie ve kahate haiM-"duHkha to tIrthaMkaroM, jJAnIpuruSoM aura nirgrantha muniyoM para bhI Ate haiM; parantu ve yaha jAnakara ki sArA saMsAra karma-vipAka ke adhIna hai; na to duHkha pAkara dIna banate haiM, aura na hI sukha ko pAkara vismita hote haiN|"2 . karma kA lakSaNa : jo jIva ko parataMtra karatA hai jaba manuSya apane aura saMsAra ke anyAnya jIvoM ke jIvana ke sabhI. pakSoM, mor3oM, yA pahaluoM para dRSTipAta karatA hai. aura jaba use jisa bhASA aura udAharaNoM, kathAnakoM yA granthoM ke dvArA samajhAyA ki usakA vyaktitva tathA pUrA vartamAna atIta kRtakarmoM se baMdhA huA hai taba yaha dhAraNA sahaja hI bana jAtI hai ki karma prANiyoM ko baMdhana meM DAlatA hai, parataMtra banA detA hai| isIlie karma kA vyutpattimUlaka artha 'AptaparIkSA' meM isI prakAra kiyA gayA hai-"jo jIva ko parataMtra karate haiM, athavA jIva jinake dvArA parataMtra kiye jAte haiM, ve karma kahalAte haiN|" saMsArI jIva hInasthAna ko apanAne ke kAraNa karma-parataMtra - ___ 'Apta parIkSA meM kahA gayA hai ki saMsArI jIva karmoM se ba~dhA-jakar3A huA hai, isalie parAdhIna hai; parataMtra hai| jaise-hastizAlA meM stambha se baMdhA huA hAthI parataMtra rahatA hai, isI prakAra saMsArI jIva bhI karma se ba~dhA huA hone ke kAraNa parataMtra hai| saMsArI jIva kI karma-parataMtratA siddha karane hetu AcArya vidyAnandi kahate haiM-"yaha saMsArI jIva parAdhIna (karma-parataMtra) hai, kyoMki isane hInasthAna ko grahaNa kiyA hai; jaise-vezyA kA ghara hIna (nindya) sthAna hai| yadi kAmavAsanAvaza zrotriya ucca brAhmaNa vezyA ke ghara 1. badhyate - asvAtaMtryamApAdayati yenA''tmA sa bndhH| -baMdhavihANe mUla payaDibaMdho pR. 12 2. "duHkhaM prApya na dInaH syAt, sukhaM prApya ca vismitH| ____ muniH karmavipAkasya jAnan paravazaM jagat // " 3. jIvaM parataMtrIkurvanti, sa parataMtrIkriyate vA yastAni krmaanni| -AptaparIkSA TI. 113/296 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA parataMtrIkAraka svarUpa 409 ko aMgIkAra karatA hai, to samajhA jAtA hai ki vaha kAmodrekavaza hInasthAna aMgIkAra karake atyanta parAdhIna ho cukA hai, isI prakAra saMsArI jIva bhI kAma-krodhAdi kaSAyavaza hInasthAna ko aMgIkAra karake karma-parataMtra (parAdhIna) ho jAtA hai|" saMsArI jIva kA zarIra hI hInasthAna hInasthAna kyA hai ? isa para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki "saMsArI jIva kA zarIra hI hInasthAna hai, kyoMki yaha zarIra hI duHkha kA (karmotpatti kA kAraNa hai| jaise-kArAgara duHkhaprada hone ke kAraNa hInasthAna mAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra karmoM ke kAraNa prApta yaha zarIra bhI hInasthAna AtmA zarIra se sambaddha hone se punaH punaH karmAdhIna - AtmA yadi svataMtra hotA, karmAdhIna na hotA to vaha mUtra-purISabhaNDArarUpa isa atIva ghRNita apAvana zarIra ko apanA AvAsa-sthala na bnaataa| jaba taka AtmA karmAdhIna hotA hai taba taka use karma-parataMtra (karma ke vazIbhUta) hokara zarIra meM rahanA par3atA hai| vaha phira mohakarmavaza isa para Asakta hotA hai, zarIra aura zarIra se sambaddha sajIva-nirjIva 'para'-padArthoM ke prati rAga-dveSAviSTa yA kaSAyAviSTa hotA hai, ataH punaH punaH karmabandhana se baddha hokara parataMtra banatA jAtA hai| isase yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki karmoM ke dvArA jIva bAra-bAra parataMtra aura vivaza kara diyA jAtA hai| tattvArtha rAjavArtika meM batAyA gayA hai, ki vaha (kama) AtmA ko paratantra karane meM mUla kAraNa hai|' Apta parIkSA meM bhI kahA gayA hai-'karma jIva ko parataMtra karane vAle haiN| . . zarIra ko lekara hI AtmA karma-paratantra hotI hai kyoM aura kaise? niSkarSa yaha hai ki jIva kI karma-parataMtratA kA Adi-bindu zarIra hai| AtmA ke sAtha zarIra kA saMyoga hone se hI karma AtmA ko prabhAvita kara lete haiN| jahA~ zarIra hai, vahA~ vItarAga na hone taka rAga-dveSa kA pariNAma AtmA ke sAtha jur3A rahatA hai| rAga-dveSa kI dhArA satata pravAhita hotI rahane se AtmA meM karmayogya pudgala AkarSita hote haiM, karma-paramANu jur3ate 1. (ka) Apta parIkSA-pR.1 - (kha) mahAbandhoM bhA. 1 kI prastAvanA (paM. sumerucandra divAkara zAstrI) pR. 54-55 2. mahAbandho bhA. 1 prastAvanA (paM. sumerucandra divAkara) pR. 55 3. tattvArtha rAjavArtika 5/24/9/488/21 "tadAtmano'svataMtrIkaraNe mUla kaarnnm|" 4. Apta parIkSA 114-115/246-247 For Personal & Private Use Only

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410 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . haiN| AtmA ke sAtha zarIra hai, vahA~ taka mAnava eka yA dUsare prakAra se prabhAvita aura paratantra rahatA hai| yaha paudgalika zarIra hI saMsArastha prANI kI parataMtratA kA dyotaka hai| isa parataMtratA kA mUla kAraNa karma hai| ataH jaba taka zarIra hai, taba taka AtmA svataMtra nhiiN| karma-parataMtra rahatA hai| isI kAraNa karma kA svabhAva jIva (AtmA) ko parataMtra karane kA batAyA gayA hai| zarIra ko AhAra kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, AtmA ko AhAra kI kadApi AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| vaha apane Apa meM anAhArI hai| use kabhI kSudhA nahIM lgtii| bhUkha-pyAsa lagatI hai zarIra ko-pudgala ko| AtmA zarIra se baMdhI huI hone se use zarIra kI bhUkha-pyAsa, sardI-garmI, sukha-duHkha, hAni-vRddhi Adi kI cintA karanI par3atI hai| sAtha hI zarIra kA aMga mana priya-apriya, acchA-burA, lAbha-alAbha, yazaapayaza, sammAna-apamAna, nindA-prazaMsA Adi dvandoM meM rAga-dveSa, moha Adi kaSAyAviSTa hokara bhAvakarma ke adhIna ho jAtA hai| zarIra kI surakSA tathA jIvanayAtrA ke lie use kucha na kucha AjIvikA karanI par3atI hai| roTI-rojI ke lie, peTa kI Aga bujhAne ke lie manuSya saba kucha karatA hai| zarIra hai, isIlie to yaha sArA cakra calatA hai, sAtha meM rAga-dveSa kA bhI cakra calatA hai| ataH AhAra kI vRtti, kAmavAsanA kI vRtti, surakSA kI vRtti, sammAnAdi kI vRtti Adi saba zarIra ko lekara hai| manuSya zarIra kI kAmavRtti ko lekara santAnotpatti, pAlana-poSaNa, parivAra Adi ke prati mamatva tathA dhana-sampatti, jamIna-jAyadAda Adi arjita karake ahaMtAmamatApUrvaka unakI surakSA ke lie prayatna karatA hai| ye saba parataMtratAe~ zarIra ko lekara hI to haiN| ina samasta, parataMtratAoM ke kAraNa rAgadveSAdi pariNAmarUpa bhAvakarma aura bhAvakarma ke kAraNa dravyakarma kA cakra calatA rahatA hai| isa apekSA se AtmA ko karma kA pArataMtrya svIkAranA par3atA jIva kI kaba svataMtratA aura kaba karma-parataMtratA ? vastutaH dekhA jAe to zuddha caitanya ke kAraNa jIva meM svataMtratA kI dhArA sadaiva pravAhita rahatI hai, kintu jaba vaha caitanya rAga-dveSAdiyukta hotA hai to parataMtratA kI dhArA bhI sAtha-sAtha pravAhita hotI rahatI hai| isIlie chadmastha jIva (AtmA) meM ina donoM hI pakSoM-svataMtratA aura parataMtratA kA saMgama banA rahatA hai| use kisI eka pakSa meM bAMTA nahIM jA sktaa| zarIra, karma aura rAgadveSa se baMdhA hone ke kAraNa jIva svataMtratA kI apekSA parataMtratA 1. karmavAda se sArAMza pR. 88-89 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA parataMtrIkAraka svarUpa 411 kA adhika anubhava karatA hai| isa prakAra karma-parataMtratA ke kAraNa usakI nikhAlisa svataMtratA Tika nahIM paatii| svataMtratA calatI hai, para parataMtratA AvRta kara detI hai, parantu pUrNatayA nhiiN|' karma jIva ko kyoM paratatra banA DAlate haiM? __karma jIva (AtmA) ko parataMtra kyoM banA DAlate haiM ? isa viSaya meM gaharAI se vicAra karane para spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki AtmA kA sva-bhAva, sva-guNa yA sva-rUpa hai-jJAna, darzana, cAritra, sukha (Ananda) aura zakti (viiy)| AtmA (jIva) jaba jJAnAdi sva-bhAva yA svarUpa ko chor3akara, vismRta karake rAga-dveSa, kAma, krodha, lobha, ahaMkAra, mAyA-kapaTa, viSayAsakti Adi para-bhAvoM yA vibhAvoM meM ramaNa karane lagatA hai; taba una vaibhAvika pariNAmoM se karma-pudgala AkRSTa hokara ba~dha jAte haiN| jainAcArya kundakunda ke zabdoM meM-"jaba AtmA apane sva-bhAva ko chor3akara rAgadveSAdi pariNAmoM (vibhAvoM) se yukta hokara zubha yA azubha kAryoM (yogoM) meM pravRtta hotI hai taba karmarUpI raja jJAnAvaraNIyAdirUpa se usameM praviSTa ho jAtI hai"| aisI sthiti meM AtmA nijasvarUpa-svabhAva ko bhUla jAtI hai, vibhAvoM ke kAraNa vimUr3ha hokara karmAdhIna bana jAtI hai| saMkSepa meM kaheM toAtmavismRti se yA svabhAva kI vismRti se karma AtmA ko parataMtra banA detA hai| yaha parataMtratA taba adhikAdhika jaTila hotI hai, jaba use sva-rUpa yA svabhAva kA bhAna yA dRr3hanizcaya nahIM hotA; tathA vaha karma ke pAza meM jakar3ane vAle mithyAtvAdi mUla kAraNoM ko chor3ane kA parAkrama nahIM krtaa| karmacakra AtmA ko kaise parAdhIna banAte haiM? .. AtmA jaba taka janma-maraNAdi cakrarUpa saMsAra meM sthita hai, aura jaba taka vaha AtmA aura Atma-svabhAva ko bhUlA huA hai, usake jJAna, darzana, Ananda (sukha) aura zakti rUpa nijaguNoM para karmoM kA AvaraNa AyA huA rahatA hai| aise saMsArI AtmA kI karmAdhInatA arthAt-karma-parataMtra avasthA upanyAsa ke kathAnaka kI ghaTanA ke tulya hai| eka ghaTanA apanI pUrva ghaTanA ke pariNAmasvarUpa ghaTita hotI hai aura pariNAmasvarUpa ghaTita yaha ghaTanA bhI AgAmI ghaTanA ke lie AdhAra banatI hai| karmacakra bhI isI prakAra gatizIla rahakara AtmA ko apane adhIna (parataMtra) banAye rakhatA hai| bIja se vRkSa aura vRkSa se pariNAmasvarUpa punaH bIja kI utpatti kI taraha rAgadveSAdi vaibhAvika pariNAmoM se naye karma baMdhate haiN| karmoM se vividha gatiyoM meM janma, 1. karmavAda se pR. 89 2. karma aura karmaphala (jinavANI karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka meM prakAzita lekha) se pR. 148 For Personal & Private Use Only

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412 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) / janma se zarIra-mana-indriyA~ Adi kI prApti, unakI prApti se viSayoM kA rAgadveSapUrvaka grahaNa, phira karmabandha aura gati, zarIrAdi kI prApti aadi| isa prakAra karmoM ke udaya meM Ane para phalabhoga aura phalabhoga ke samaya samabhAva na rahane se rAgadveSAdi se AtmA dvArA kucha karma aura arjita ho jAte haiN| jinake phala phira kAlAntara meM yA agale janma yA janmoM meM bhogane par3ate haiN| isa prakAra AtmA sarvathA karmAdhIna pratIta hotI hai| karma AtmA ko apane svabhAva ke anusAra parataMtra banA dete haiN| jaba taka AtmA saMvara aura nirjarA dvArA Ane vAle karmoM ko sthagita aura pUrvabaddha karmoM ko kSINa nahIM kara detI, taba taka usakI (AtmA kI) karma-parataMtratA miTa nahIM sktii| . aSTavidha karmoM dvArA jIvoM kA parataMtrIkaraNa kaise-kaise ? ... AtmA kA mUla lakSaNa upayoga hai| upayoga ke do bheda haiM-sAkAra aura anaakaar| sAkAra upayoga ko jJAna aura anAkAra upayoga ko darzana kahA gayA hai| yahA~ para sAkAra kA artha savikalpa hai aura anAkAra kA artha nirvikalpa hai| jo upayoga vastu ke vizeSa aMza ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha savikalpa hai aura jo upayoga sAmAnya aMza ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha nirvikalpa hai| isa prakAra AtmA kI jJAna zakti aura darzana zakti donoM asIma-ananta haiN| vartamAna meM saMsArI chamastha AtmA kI jJAnazakti aura darzanazakti 'donoM hI AvaraNa se mukta nahIM haiN| eka para jJAnAvaraNIya karma chAyA huA hai, dUsarI para darzanAvaraNIya krm| AtmA kI ananta (asIma) jJAnazakti kisa prakAra AvRta hai ? isa sambandha meM gommaTasAra meM eka upamA dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra kisI ke netra para kapar3e kI paTTI bAMdha dene se use kisI vastu kA vizeSa jJAna nahIM ho pAtA, isI prakAra AtmA ke asIma jJAna para jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA AvaraNa lagA huA hai| athavA darpaNa khulA ho (AvaraNarahita ho yA dhuMdhalA, athavA andhA na ho) to usameM pratyeka vyakti apanA pratibimba hubaha dekha sakatA hai, parantu usa para pardA par3A ho, athavA vaha dhuMdhalA yA aMdhA ho to usameM pratibimba yathArtharUpa se nahIM dikhAI de sktaa| isI prakAra AtmArUpI darpaNa para jJAnAvaraNIya karmarUpI pardA par3A hone se AtmA kA asIma jJAna (caitanya) pragaTa nahIM ho paataa| samyagjJAna kA adhikAMza bhAga AvRta ho jAtA hai| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki saMsArI chadmastha AtmA (jIva) kA jJAnasvabhAva jJAnAvaraNIya karma se AvRta hai, usakA jJAna karma-parataMtra hai, svataMtra nahIM hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA parataMtrIkAraka svarUpa 413 isI prakAra saMsArasya AtmA kI darzanazakti bhI svataMtra nahIM hai, vaha bhI darzanAvaraNIya karma se AvRta hai| AtmA kI darzanazakti kisa prakAra AvRta hai? ise bhI gommaTasAra meM eka rUpaka dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai- 'eka vyakti rAjA se sAkSAtkAra karanA cAhatA thaa| rAjasabhA ke dvAra para Akara jaba vaha rAjA se milane ke lie sIdhA praveza karane lagA tabhI dvArapAla ne use roka liyaa| isI prakAra saMsArI chadmastha AtmA ke darzana svabhAva ko . darzanAvaraNIya karmarUpI dvArapAla roke hue hai| ataH darzana AvRta hone ke kAraNa vaha bhI parataMtra hai- karmAdhIna hai / " saMsArI chadmastha AtmA kI samyagdarzana aura samyakcAritra tathA ina donoM kI zakti bhI avaruddha hai, kuNThita hai| mohanIya karma isa AtmA ke sAtha aisA lagA huA hai ki usane manuSya kI samyagdRSTi aura samyak cAritra donoM ko viparyasta evaM vikRta kara diyA hai| AtmA ko parataMtra banAkara duHkhI karane meM sabase pramukha sthAna mohanIya karma kA hai| mohanIya karma ke kAraNa jIva kA jJAna ajJAnarUpa bana jAtA hai, jIva apane svarUpa meM sthita na hokara krodhAdi vikRta avasthA ko prApta karatA hai| darzanamohanIya ke kAraNa deva, guru, dharma, zAstra tathA tattvoM ke viSaya meM samyak zraddhA se vaMcita rahatA hai| mohanIya karma nai ghAtikarmabaddha saMsArI jIva ko itanA parataMtra banA diyA ki ise apane svarUpa kA tathA svarUpa kI prApti kA nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM dRSTiyoM se yathArtha bhAna nahIM ho paataa| isa karma ke kAraNa na to jIva Atmadarzana kara pAtA hai aura na hI kalyANa mArga meM lagatA hai| kaSAyAviSTa tathA rAgadveSAviSTa hokara vaha bAra-bAra moha-mUrcchita hokara yA dRSTiviparyAsa ke kAraNa AtmA se sambandhita pratyeka guNa evaM svabhAva ko viparItarUpa meM jAnatA-mAnatA hai, athavA dRSTi samyak ho to bhI rAgadveSa kaSAyAdi ke Avega ke kAraNa usakI cAritra - pAlana kI zakti avaruddha, kuNThita yA vikRta ho jAtI hai| yaha mohanIya karma hai, jo AtmA ko dIrghakAla taka parataMtra banAye rakhatA hai| 'gommaTasAra' meM ise madya-pAna kI upamA dekara samajhAyA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra madirA piyA huA manuSya apanA bhAna bhUla jAtA hai| vaha madya 1. (ka) dekhiye gommaTasAra kI yaha gAthA aura usakI vyAkhyA "paDa- paDihArasi-majjAhali-citta- kulAla- bhaMDayArINaM / " jaha edesiM bhAvA, taha vi ya kammA muNeyavvA // 21 // - gommaTasAra karmakANDa pR. 9 (paramazruta prabhAvakamaMDala dvArA prakAzita) (kha) dekheM - karmavAda pR. 122 For Personal & Private Use Only

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414 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . . ke naze meM cUra hokara na to kisI vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kA nizcaya kara sakatA hai, na hI usakI ceSTA yA vyavahAra sahI hotA hai| isa prakAra usakI dRSTi, samajha, AcaraNa yA vyavahAra sabake saba viparIta ho jAte hai| isI prakAra mohanIyakarmarUpI madya meM moha-mUr3ha hokara vyakti na to apanI AtmA ke svabhAva ko yathArtharUpa se samajhatA-mAnatA hai, aura na hI tadanurUpa, svarUparamaNarUpa, nizcaya tathA samyakcAritrarUpa vyavahAra cAritra kA pAlana kara pAtA hai| prAyaH chadmastha jIva mohamadya se mUrcchita hai| usakI cetanA pramatta hai, mohakarma-parataMtra hai| mohanIya karma use aisA.parataMtra banA DAlatA hai ki vaha samyagdarzana tathA samyakcAritra ina donoM ke yA donoM meM se samyakcAritra ke AcaraNa meM mUda, parataMtra evaM vismRta ho jAtA ___ AtmA kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai-anantazakti smpnntaa| vaha zakti kramazaH pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai-dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIrya (praakrm)| saMsArI chadmastha jIva kI isa viziSTa asIma Atmazakti ko antarAyakarma sphurita evaM prasphuTita-prakaTita nahIM hone detaa| yaha karma pratyeka kArya meM vighna upasthita karatA hai| prANivadha, jJAna kA niSedha karanA, dharma-kAryoM meM tapa, sevA tathA deva, guru, dharma Adi kI bhakti meM bAdhA upasthita karanA antarAyakarma kA kArya hai| AtmA kI isa asIma zakti meM antarAyakarma aisA bAdhaka bana jAtA hai ki vaha ise dAnAdi kAryoM meM vyApta nahIM hone detaa| vaha mAnasika bAdhA upasthita karatA hai| isake kAraNa jIva zaktihIna evaM parAdhIna bana jAtA hai| antarAyakarma itanA prabala AtmaguNaghAtaka hai ki vaha cirakAla taka AdhyAtmika dAnAdi kAryoM ko karane meM zakti lagane hI nahIM detaa| isIlie karmazAstriyoM ne antarAyakarma kI tulanA rAjA ke bhaNDArI se kI hai| rAjA dvArA prasanna hokara eka lAkha rupaye dene ke Adeza kA rukkA likha dene para aura bhaNDArI (koSAdhyakSa) ko rukkA dikhAne para bhI use rupaye dene meM AnAkAnI karatA hai, TarakAtA rahatA hai| isI prakAra AtmArUpI yA paramAtmArUpI rAjA kA amuka AdhyAtmika Adeza-nirdeza hone para bhI antarAyakarma rUpI bhaNDArI usa zakti ke prakaTIkaraNa meM bAdhA upasthita karatA hai| isa prakAra antarAyakarma AtmA kI zakti ko kuNThita karake parataMtra banA detA hai| yaha dinoM, mahInoM yA varSoM taka kArya meM vyavadhAna utpanna kara detA hai|' 1. (ka) vahI, go. karmakANDa gA. 21 kI vyAkhyA (kha) dekheM- karmavAda pR. 123 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA paratatrIkAraka svarUpa 415 ye jJAnAvaraNIyAdi cAroM ghAtI karma haiM, jo AtmA ke svabhAva kIAtmaguNoM kI ghAta karate haiN| jIva ke sukha-duHkha, janma-maraNa, zarIrAdi tathA yaza-apayaza karmAdhIna haiM sAMsArika prANI ke jIvana ke do abhinna sAthI haiM-sukha aura duHkh| ye donoM zarIra ke sarvathA anta hone yA janma-maraNa se sarvathA mukta hone taka jIva ke sAtha-sAtha rahate haiM, alaga nahIM hote| aisA nahIM hotA ki sadA sukha hI sukha rahe yA sadaiva duHkha hI duHkha rhe| sukha aura duHkha kA sambandha vedana se hai| jIva agara kisI sajIva yA nirjIva padArtha ko lekara sukha kA anubhava veidana) karatA hai to sukha hai, duHkha kA vedana karatA hai to duHkha hai| ye sukha aura duHkha ke vedana bhI karmAdhIna haiN| vedanIya karma se ye donoM isa prakAra jur3e hue haiM ki vaha vAstavika Atmika sukha (Ananda) kA bhAna nahIM hone detaa| isake prabhAva se jIva sAMsArika sukha-duHkha ko sukha-duHkha athavA vastuniSTha duHkha-sukha ko duHkha-sukha samajhane yA mahasUsa karane lagatA hai| ___ vedanIya karma kI tulanA karmagrantha meM madhulipta talavAra se kI gaI hai| eka tIkhI dhAra vAlI talavAra para zahada kA lepa lagA huA hai| usa madhu ke svAda ke lobha meM Akara eka vyakti usa talavAra para jIbha lagA kara zahada cATatA hai| parantu usa prakriyA se usakI jIbha kaTe binA nahIM raha sktii| kyoMki talavAra itanI tIkhI hai ki jIbha se usa para lagA huA madhu cATate hI talavAra usake Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara degii| madhu kI madhuratA kA svAda aura jIbha kA kaTanA, donoM eka sAtha sambhava haiN| - hitaiSI puruSa use isa madhu kA lobha chor3ane ko kahate haiM, kintu vaha kahatA hai-eka bUMda madhu aura cATa luuN| eka-eka bUMda madhu ke lie vaha tarasa rahA hai| duHkha aura vipatti kI saMbhAvanA hote hue bhI vaha ise chor3anA nahIM caahtaa| - isI prakAra kA vedanIya karma hai jo sukha aura duHkha donoM kA ghaTaka hai| manuSya kSaNika sukha ke lobha meM duHkhabIja sukha ko apanAtA hai| jAnatA hai ki isa viSayasukha yA vastuniSTha, kSaNika sukha ke pIche janma-maraNAdi ke agaNita duHkhoM kA ambAra lagA huA hai, phira bhI vaha mohAndha hokara chor3atA nhiiN| ..adhyAtmavettA AcArya kahate haiM ki jo sukha bhogA jA rahA hai, vaha duHkha kA bIja hai| duHkhada vedanIya karma kA bIjAropaNa sukha nahIM, duHkha ko hI lAne vAlA hai| isalie yaha sukhAsakti ghora duHkhajanaka asAtAvedanIya / karmoM ko utpanna karatI hai| isa prakAra vedanIya karma jIva ko parAdhIna For Personal & Private Use Only

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416 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) banAkara sAMsArika kSaNika sukha - duHkha ke jhUle meM jhulAtA rahatA hai| duHkhabIja sukha ke moha meM manuSya jJAnI mahApuruSoM kI bAta ko nahIM maantaa| rAjavArtika meM kahA gayA hai - sukha - duHkha kI utpatti meM karma balAdhAna hetu hai| ' saMsArI jIvoM kA janma aura maraNa bhI AyuSyakarma ke adhIna hai| usake janma-maraNa kI DorI AyuSyakarma se baMdhI huI hai| vaha apane hI karmAnusAra janma letA hai, svakarmAnusAra hI maratA hai| AyuSyakarma jaba taka pUrNa nahIM hotA, taba taka na to usakI mRtyu ho sakatI hai, na hI usakA nayA jnm| donoM hI karma ke paravaza hai| AyuSyakarma kI tulanA karmamarmajJoM ne eka baMdI se kI hai, jisake pairoM meM ber3iyA~ par3I haiN| pahale hI sAMsArika jIva karmoM kI giraphta meM kaida to hai hii| phira usake pairoM meM AyuSyakarma ber3I DAlakara use sarvathA parataMtra banA detA hai| jIva kA zarIra bhI AtmAdhIna nahIM hai, vaha AtmA kI apanI racanA nahIM hai| AtmA apanA manacAhA zarIra nahIM banA sktii| zarIra kA sRjana tathA zarIra se sambandhita indriyA~, aMgopAMga, mana tathA usakI AkRti, saMsthAna, majabUtI tathA zarIra se saMlagna indriya viSaya tathA mana se sambaddha yaza-apayaza, saubhAgya-durbhAgya Adi saba kI racanA nAmakarma ke adhIna hai| nAmakarma ko eka citrakAra kI upamA dI gaI hai| citrakAra nAnA citra banAtA hai, usI prakAra nAmakarma saMsAra meM sthita 84 lAkha prakAra ke jIva-yonigata jIvoM ke vividha citra-vicitra zarIroM aura unase sambaddha aMgopAMgoM kI racanA karatA hai| vahI mastiSka, mana, buddhi, citta tathA hAtha, paira, peTa, jIbha, kAna, nAka Adi aMgopAMgoM kA nirmANa usa usa jIva ke karmAnusAra karatA hai| dhavalA meM kahA gayA hai - nAmakarmodaya kI vazavartitA se indriyA~ utpanna hotI haiN| tathA karmoM kI vicitratA se hI jIva (Atma) pradezoM ke saMghaTana kA viccheda va bandhana hotA hai / dravyasaMgraha (TIkA) meM kahA gayA hai - jIvapradezoM kA vistAra karmAdhIna hai, svAbhAvika nahIM / tattvArthasAra meM batAyA gayA hai ki Urdhvagamana ke atirikta anyatra gamanarUpa kriyA karma ke pratighAta se tathA nija prayoga se samajhanI caahie| syAdvAdamaMjarI meM bhI 1. rAjavArtika 5 / 24/9/488/21 2. (ka) dekheM, go. karmakANDa; tathA karmavAda (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) (kha) karmagrantha prathama bhAga (vivecaka - paM. sukhalAla jI) For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA parataMtrIkAraka svarUpa 417 isI tathya kA samarthana hai-sva-jJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama-vizeSa ke vaza jJAna kI nizcita padArthoM meM pravRtti hotI hai|' nAmakarma itanA zaktizAlI hai ki koI bhI jIva usakI racanA kA prativAda nahIM kara sktaa| usake nirmANa ke adhIna parataMtra hokara use zarIrarUpI kArAgAra meM rahanA par3atA hai| ataH jIvoM ke zarIra aura usase sambaddha sArI racanA nAmakarma ke adhIna hai| koI bhI jIva isa viSaya meM svataMtra nahIM hai| eka aura karma hai-gotrkrm| usake sAtha manuSya kI sammAnanIyatAasammAnanIyatA jur3I huI hai| gotrakarma do prakAra kA hai-uccagotra aura niicgotr| gotra kA artha kisI varNa, kauma yA jAti-jJAti Adi se nahIM hai usakA artha hai-lokadRSTi meM jIva ke acche-bure vyavahAra, AcaraNa aura kArya ke anusAra ucca aura nIca-zreSTha aura nikRSTa zabdoM se pukArA jaanaa| jo jIva acche kArya, vyavahAra yA AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha abhijAta kahalAtA hai aura nindya, ghRNita aura nIca kArya karatA hai, vaha anabhijAta kahalAtA hai, yahI ucca-nIca gotrakarma kA Azaya hai| gotrakarma ko kumbhakAra se upamita kiyA gayA hai| kumbhakAra buhamUlya ghaTa Adi kA bhI nirmANa karatA hai, jise sabhI kharIdanA cAhate haiM aura aisA raddI ghar3A Adi bhI banAtA hai jise koI lenA paMsada nahIM karatA hai| isI prakAra gotrakarma ke adhIna hokara manuSya kI uccatA-nIcatA, zreSThatA-nikRSTatA dyotita hotI hai| yoM jIva (AtmA) gotrakarma ke adhIna rahakara apanI svataMtratA ko kho detA hai| karma jIva kI svAbhAvika zaktiyoM ko kuNThita evaM vikRta banAte haiN| isa prakAra AThoM hI karma AtmA ke sAtha ba~dhakara usakI svAbhAvika jJAnAdi zaktiyoM ko AvRta, kuNThita evaM vikRta kara DAlate haiN| ye jIva ko usI prakAra moha se unmatta karake parataMtra kara dete haiM, jisa prakAra madya madonmatta karake pIne vAle ko parAdhIna banA detA hai| 'samayasAra' meM kahA gayA hai-"jisa prakAra maila zveta vastra ko malina banA detA hai, usI prakAra 1. (ka) dhavalA 1/1/1/33/242-8, tathA 234-3 (kha) dravyasaMgraha TIkA 14/44/10 (ga) tattvArthasAra 8/33 (gha) syAdvAdamaMjarI 17/238/6 2. (ka) karmavAda pR. 123 (kha) gommaTasAra karmakANDa gA. 21 kI vyAkhyA For Personal & Private Use Only

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418. karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) mithyAtva, ajJAna aura kaSAya pariNAmarUpa karmamala jJAna darzana - cAritra - svarUpa zuddha svaccha AtmA ko malina kara dete haiM / " paramAtma prakAza meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki "karma AtmA ko parataMtra karake tInoM lokoM meM paribhramaNa karAtA hai|" dhavalA meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki "karma AtmA kI jJAnAdi svAbhAvika zaktiyoM kA ghAta karake isa prakAra parataMtra kara dete haiM ki AtmA vibhAvarUpa se pariNamana karane lagatI hai / " " vastutaH jIvana ke sabhI mahatvapUrNa aMga karma ke sAtha sambaddha aura zliSTa haiN| dekhA jAe to manuSya kA vartamAna atIta se ba~dhA huA hai| na vaha samyagjJAna prApta karane meM svataMtra hai, na samyadRSTi upalabdha karane meM svataMtra hai| aura to aura cAritra kA vikAsa evaM apanI AtmazaktiyoM kA upayoga karane meM bhI vaha svataMtra nahIM hai| na hI vaha zarIra aura zarIra se sambandhita vibhinna sthitiyoM ko svecchAnusAra mor3ane yA banAne meM svataMtra hai| vaha karma kI ber3iyoM meM jakar3A huA, pakar3A huA baMdI hai| karmoM ke hAtha kI vaha kaThaputalI hai / vahI madArI banakara baMdara kI taraha jIva ko manacAhA nacAtA hai| karmAdhIna banA huA saMsArI chadmastha jIva apane Apa ko bhUla jAtA hai| vaha svayaM ko karmopAdhika mAnakara saMsAra kI bhUlabhulaiyA meM phaMsa jAtA hai| AtmA apane svabhAva - svaguNoM kA vikAsa karane meM svataMtra hai mUla meM AtmA (jIva ) kA svabhAva hai - caitanya, jJAnaghana, Ananda, nitya, darzanarUpa, zaktimaya / AtmA sat-cit-Ananda-svarUpa hai, ananta - jJAna-darzana-Ananda- zaktimaya hai| AtmA apane caitanya kA, apane jJAnadarzana kA, apane Ananda kA aura apanI Atmazakti kA vikAsa karane meM svataMtra hai| AdhyAtmika dizA meM jitanA bhI vikAsa hotA hai yA huA hai; usameM jIva (AtmA) kA svataMtra vikAsa spaSTatayA parilakSita hotA hai| AtmA apane nijI guNoM kA, apane svabhAva kA vikAsa karane meM pUrNa svataMtra hai| balki yoM kahanA cAhie ki AtmA (jIva ) ke caitanya, jJAna- darzana, 1. (ka) samayasAra gA. 160-163 (kha) paramAtma prakAza gA. 1 / 66 (ga) tattvArtha vArtika 5/24/9 pR. 488 (gha) dhavalA pu. 15 sU. 34 (Ga) tattvArtha vArtika 1/4/17 pR. 26 (ca) bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA gA. 38 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA paratatrIkAraka svarUpa 419 Ananda evaM zakti kA vikAsa isIlie hotA hai ki vaha isa viSaya meM svataMtra hai| yadi AtmA isa viSaya meM svataMtra nahIM hotA to usake caitanya evaM jJAnAdi kA vikAsa kabhI nahIM ho sakatA thaa| AtmA ke svataMtra hone kA athavA AtmA ke svabhAva ke avicchinna rahane kA sabase bar3A pramANa yaha hai ki usakA vikAsa hotA hai, aura jJAnAdi kA vikAsa isalie hotA hai ki AtmA isa viSaya meM svataMtra hai|' AtmA kA svabhAva : vikAsa karanA, karma kA svabhAva : avarodha karanA karma kA svabhAva jJAnAdi AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM ke vikAsa karane kA nahIM hai| usakA svabhAva jIva ke jJAnAdi svabhAva ke vikAsa meM avarodha utpanna karanA, jIva ke mUla svabhAva ko vikRta karanA tathA jJAnAdi guNoM ko AvRta karanA aura jIva ke jJAnAdi AtmaguNoM ke vikAsa ko bAdhita karake use parataMtra banAnA hai| karma jIva ke caitanya, jJAna-darzana, Ananda aura Atmazakti ke vikAsoM ko rokatA hai, unameM bAdhA DAlatA hai, unameM avarodha paidA karatA hai| koI bhI pudgala, vizeSataH karma-pudgagala bhI Atmika vikAsa-AtmaguNoM ke vikAsa kA mUla kAraNa nahIM bntaa| karma jIva ke nijI guNoM kA vikAsa karane meM bAdhaka banatA hai, isalie AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke kartRtva meM vaha jIva kI svataMtratA para hAvI ho jAtA hai| usakA svabhAva hI jIva kI svataMtratA meM bAdhA DAlanA hai, jIva ko parataMtra karanA hai, athavA aisI sthiti paidA kara denA hai, jisase jIva usake (karma ke) adhIna (parataMtra) ho jaae| jJAnAdi svabhAva AtmA kA upAdAna hone se vaha vikAsa kara pAtA hai karmoM ke udaya se bAdhAe~ upasthita hotI haiM, vikAsa karane kI zakti kuNThita ho jAtI hai, phira bhI vikAsa isalie hotA hai ki jIva (AtmA) kI svataMtra caitanyarUpa sattA hai, jJAnAdi svabhAva usakA upAdAna hai, vaha karma se pRthak hai| jJAnAdi paryAyoM kI utpatti aura vikAsa AtmA hI kara sakatI hai, karma nahIM upAdAna vaha hotA hai, jo usa dravya kA ghaTaka ho| jaise-miTTI ghar3e kA upAdAna hai| usameM ghar3A banane kI yogyatA hai| kumbhakAra Adi dUsare sAdhana sahAyaka yA nimitta bana sakate haiM, upAdAna nhiiN| ghar3e ke rUpa meM parivartita hone vAlI miTTI hI ghar3e kA upAdAna ho sakatI hai, anya sAdhana nhiiN| isI prakAra AtmA ke jJAnAdi paryAyoM ke vikAsa ke lie AtmA hI 1. dekheM-karmavAda meM isa sambandha meM vivecana pR. 87-88 2. vahI, pR.87-88 For Personal & Private Use Only

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420 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) v i ..de . ghaTaka hai| caitanyaM, jJAna-darzana, Ananda aura zakti, ye AtmasvabhAva hI usake (AtmA ke) upAdAna haiN| AtmA meM hI vaha zakti hai, usI kA yaha svabhAva hai ki vaha jJAnAdi paryAyoM ko utpanna kara sakatI hai, athavA unakA vikAsa kara sakatI hai| karma meM yaha zakti nahIM hai ki vaha AtmA meM jJAna, darzana, Ananda aura zakti ke tathA caitanya ke paryAyoM ko utpanna kara sake; athavA jJAnAdi kA vikAsa kara ske| kyoMki ye saba karma ke svabhAva nahIM haiM, AtmA ke hI svabhAva haiN| isa dRSTi se AtmA. meM hI apane jJAnAdi svabhAva ke paryAyoM ko utpanna karane tathA vikasita karane kA svataMtraabAdhita kartRtva hai| zarIrAdi-sambaddha vikAsa Atmika vikAsa nahIM hai jaina karma-vijJAna se anabhijJa vyakti kadAcit yaha kahe ki karmoM ke kAraNa zarIra tathA zarIra se sambandhita aMgopAMga Adi acche milate haiN| yaza milatA hai, manojJa padArtha milate haiM, iSTa vastuoM kA saMyoga prApta hotA hai| kyA yaha AtmA ke vikAsa kA pariNAma nahIM hai ? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki yaha saba AtmA kA vikAsa nahIM hai| ye saba karmopAdhika vastue~ haiN| paudgalika vikAsa hai, jo zubha-nAmakarma ke dvArA ghaTita hotA hai| nAmakarma yA koI bhI karma AtmA ke jJAnAdi svabhAva ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka nahIM, avarodhaka hai, ror3A aTakAne vAlA hai, bAdhaka hai, kyoMki jJAnAdi guNa AtmA ke svabhAva haiM, karmoM ke svabhAva nahIM hai| AtmA hI apane jJAnAdi svabhAva kA vikAsa karatA hai| karma to jJAnAdi ke vikAsa meM bAdhA DAlate haiM, avarodha paidA karate haiN| karma kA svabhAva : tapa-tyAgAdi kI ora prerita karanA nahIM dUsarI dRSTi se dekheM to pratIta hogA ki karma sAMsArika jIvana ke sAtha jur3A huA aisA mAdhyama hai, jo pratyeka jIva ko prabhAvita karatA hai, parantu vahI saba kucha nahIM hai| yadi karma hI saba kucha hotA, vahI sarvazaktimAn hotA to vyakti karma ko kATane ke lie tapa, saMyama evaM tyAga kI sAdhanA-ArAdhanA kyoM karatA ? koI bhI karma apane Apa meM aisA nahIM hai, jo tapa, saMyama evaM tyAga kI preraNA detA ho| karma kA aisA svabhAva hI nahIM hai ki vaha prANI ko tapa, saMyama evaM tyAga kI ora le jA ske| karma kA svabhAva hai-vyakti ko asaMyama, pramAda evaM bhoga kI ora le jaanaa| cAra prakAra ke aghAtI karma mAne jAte haiM-vedanIyakarma, AyuSyakarma, nAmakarma aura gotrkrm| ye cAroM hI AtmA (jIva) kA paudgalika vikAsa karAne 1. dekheM-karmavAda pR.88 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA parataMtrIkAraka svarUpa 421 vAle, use asaMyama, pramAda, mithyAtva, kaSAya evaM bhoga kI ora le jAne vAle haiN| Atmika vikAsa inase nahIM ho sakatA / ' Atmika vikAsa hotA haitapa, tyAga, saMyama aura apramAda se| ghAtI karma bhI AtmA ko tapa tyAgAdi kI ora prerita nahIM kara sakate zeSa cAra ghAtI karma haiM- jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antraaykrm| inameM se bhI koI karma aisA nahIM hai, jo AtmA ko tapa, tyAga evaM saMyama kI ora le jA sake; pratyuta, ye karma AtmA ko asaMyama, bhoga, pramAda, kaSAya evaM mithyAtva meM phaMsAkara usake jJAnAdi svabhAva ko bAdhita, AvRta evaM kuNThita karate haiN| jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIyakarma AtmA kI jJAna aura darzana kI zakti ko AvRta karate haiM, mohanIyakarma AtmA kI dRSTi aura cAritra kI zakti ko mUrcchita, bAdhita evaM kuNThita karatA hai aura antarAyakarma AtmA kI dAnAdi zaktiyoM ko avaruddha karatA hai| mithyAtvAdi meM DUbe hue bhI AtmA meM tapa tyAgAdi kI sAdhanA - bhAvanA kyoM ? niSkarSa yaha hai ki yadyapi ATha prakAra ke karmoM meM se koI bhI karma AtmA ko tapa, tyAga evaM saMyama kI ora le jAne meM samartha nahIM hai tathApi karmoM ke kAraNa mithyAtva, asaMyama (atyAga - bhoga), pramAda evaM kaSAya meM AkaNTha DUbA huA jIva tapa, tyAga, saMyama-niyama kI sAdhanA ke lie kyoM prerita hotA hai? usake antaHkaraNa meM tapa, tyAga evaM saMyama kI bhAvanA kyoM jAgatI hai? isakA kAraNa karma nahIM, AtmA hI hai; AtmA kA svabhAva hI svayameva kAraNa hai| AtmA meM vizuddha caitanya zakti aisI hai, jo ina vijAtIya tattvoM - AtmabAhya padArthoM se satata saMgharSa karatI hai| vahI caitanyazakti jIva ko paramavizuddha paramAtmaavasthA taka le jAnA cAhatI hai| vaha AtmA ke sahaja saccidAnanda svarUpa kI avasthA hai| pratyeka AtmA meM vaha caitanya kI antarjyoti satata jalatI rahatI hai, vaha kabhI bujhatI nahIM / usI kA prakAza jIva ko tapa, tyAga evaM saMyama Adi kI ora le jAtA hai| tyAga, tapa, saMvara, saMyama Adi kisI karma (acetana) kI preraNA se nahIM hote, ye hote haiM - sacetana AtmA kI preraNA se / 2 acetana kI preraNA apane svabhAva kI ora le jAtI hai| karma acetana hai aura usase prerita vyakti asaMyama, bhoga Adi meM Asakta ho jAtA hai| karma-preraNA se jIva asaMyama - bhoga- parataMtra hI hotA hai| isake bAvajUda bhI AtmA meM antarnihita zuddha caitanya kI jyoti tyAga, paramArtha evaM saMyama kI 1. dekheM - karmavAda meM isakA vivecana pR. 138 2. dekheM - karmavAda pR. 138-139 For Personal & Private Use Only

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422 karma - vijJAna : karma kA virAda svarUpa (3) ora le jAtI hai| isakA kAraNa karma nahIM, AtmA hai| AtmA meM svabodha kI sahaja svarUpacetanA kI, svakIya Ananda aura Atmazakti kI sahaja preraNA hotI hai; vahI use tapa, tyAga, paramArtha evaM saMyama kI ora le jAtI hai| yadi jIva meM yaha sahaja preraNA na hotI to vaha tyAga, saMyama evaM paramArtha kI bAta kabhI nahIM soca pAtA, na hI usa mArga kI ora kadama rakhatA / anAdikAlIna saMskAroM ke kAraNa jIva ko indriyaviSayabhoga, asaMyama, svArtha evaM sukhazIlatA priya hotI hai, phira bhI inheM tyAgane, saMyama evaM saMvara karane kI bhAvanA jAgatI hai, isakA kAraNa AtmA kA vaha sahaja jJAnAdi, svabhAva hai| tapa, tyAga Adi kI preraNAoM ke sAtha karma kA koI vAstA nahIM hai| isa preraNA kA mUla srota AtmA hai / usameM caitanya kI eka zuddha dhArA satata bahatI rahatI hai, vaha eka kSaNa bhI rukatI nahIM, sarvathA lupta bhI nahIM hotI / caitanya dhArA sarvathA lupta yA avaruddha ho jAe to AtmA cetana se acetana bana jaaegii| parantu aisA honA asambhava hai / ' jIva cetanA ke sAtha svataMtra, karma ke sAtha parataMtra isa dRSTi se jIva svataMtra bhI hai, aura parataMtra bhI / jahA~ cetanA ka prazna hai, vahA~ vaha svataMtra hai aura jahA~ karma kA prazna hai, vahA~ parataMtra hai jahA~ jIva cetanA ke sAtha - yAnI AtmA ke caitanya jJAnAdi svabhAva ke sAdha hotA hai, vahA~ pUrNa svataMtra hotA hai, kintu jahA~ parabhAva - karma vibhAvakaSAyAdi ke sAtha hotA hai, vahA~ parataMtra hotA hai / vahA~ usakI svataMtrata china jAtI hai, AvRta ho jAtI hai| pratyeka AtmA prabhu (svayambhU) hai, prabhutva zaktisampanna hai paMcAstikAya meM AtmA kI svataMtratA aura parataMtratA para prakAza DAla hue kahA gayA hai ki samasta AtmAe~ prabhu aura svayambhU haiN| ve kisI vazIbhUta (parataMtra) nahIM haiN| pratyeka AtmA apane zarIra kA svayaM svAmI hai prastuta grantha meM isakI (AtmA ke prabhutva guNa kI) vyAkhyA karmaviyukta ho kI apekSA se isa prakAra kI gaI hai - " vItarAgadeva dvArA batalAye gae mA para calakara jIva samasta karmoM ko upazAnta tathA kSINa karake viparI abhiprAya ko naSTa karake prabhutva- zakti - sampanna hokara jJAnamArga meM vicara karatA huA AtmA ke parama- vizuddha svarUpa- mokSamArga ko prApta kara le hai|"3 1. dekheM - karmavAda meM isakA nirUpaNa pR. 138 - 139 2. dekheM - karmavAda meM isakA nirUpaNa, pR. 139 3. (ka) paMcAstikAya gA. 27 (kha) paMcAstikAya, tAtparyavRtti TIkA gA. 70 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA parataMtrIkAraka svarUpa AtmA zubhAzubha karmoM ko karane, bhogane tathA kSaya karane meM samartha - svataMtra tAtparya yaha hai ki prabhutva zakti sampanna AtmA (sabhI jIva) apane acche-bure karmoM ke lie svayaM uttaradAyI hai| jIva zubhakarmapUrvaka apanA pUrNa vikAsa karake ananta catuSTaya ko prApta kara sakatA hai, aura isake viparIta duSkarma karake abhavya hI banA raha sakatA hai| prabhu pravRtti ke dvArA aizvaryazAlI bananA, zubhapadArthoM kA upabhoga karanA, ananta sukha (asIma Ananda) kA anubhava karanA bhI AtmA ke hAtha meM hai, aura duSpravRtti karate hue dIna-hIna - parAdhIna banakara asIma- agaNita duHkhoM ko bhogane tathA janmamaraNa ke cakra meM ghUmate rahane kA sAmarthya bhI AtmA meM hai| paMcAstikAya kI tattvadIpikA vyAkhyA meM isI tathya ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai- "AtmA nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se bhAvakarmoM ko aura vyavahAranaya kI apekSA se dravyakarma tathA Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ko prApta karane meM svayaM (AtmA) hI Iza (samartha) hone se 'prabhu' hai| AtmA ke prabhutvaguNa ke isa vizleSaNa se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki AtmA svayaM prabhu - samartha hai, vaha apane zubhAzubha karma karane, tathA una karmoM kA nirodha evaM kSaya karane ke lie svayameva svataMtra hai, samartha hai / bandhana meM bhI vaha svayaM ba~dhatA hai aura mukta hone meM bhI svayaM samartha = svataMtra hai / ' AtmA ke 'prabhu' vizeSaNa kI vyAkhyA se isa vaidika vicAradhArA kA bhI khaNDana ho jAtA hai ki "ajJa jIva apane sukha-duHkha ko pAne aura bhogane meM samartha nahIM hai, Izvara kI preraNA se hI vaha (ajJajIva) zubha-azubha karma karatA hai aura Izvara hI use baMdhana meM bAMdhatA aura mukta karatA hai| vahI use svarga yA naraka meM bhejatA hai| isakA phalitArtha yaha huA saMsArI jIva karmAdhIna nahIM, IzvarAdhIna haiN|"2 423 uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI yaha gAthA bhI pUrvokta tathya kA samarthana karatI hai ki AtmA hI apane sukhoM aura duHkhoM kA svayaM karttA hai aura svayaM hI vikarttA - kSayakarttA yA bhoktA hai| sat pravRtti meM sthita AtmA hI apanA mitra haiM aura duSpravRtti meM sthita AtmA hI apanA zatru hai| isa para se bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki AtmA sukhajanaka aura duHkhajanaka donoM hI prakAra ke karmoM qo karane aura unakA phala bhogakara kSaya karane meM svataMtra hai| apane Apako zatru yA mitra banAnA bhI AtmA ke apane hAtha meM hai / 1. paMcAstikAya, tattvadIpikA gA. 27 2. Izvara prerito gacchet svargaM vA zvabhrameva vA / ajJo janturanIzo'yamAtmanaH sukha-duHkhayoH / / 3. "appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa y| appA mittamamittaM ca duppaTThiya- suppaTThio // " - syAdvAda maMjarI kArikA 6 - uttarAdhyayana 20/37 For Personal & Private Use Only

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424 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3). AtmA kA uddhAra aura patana tathA svataMtratA- paratantratA apane hAtha meM isa sambandha meM gItAdarzana aura jainadarzana eka ho jAte haiN| gItA meM bhI AtmasvAtaMtrya kA upadeza dete hue kahA gayA hai - "manuSya ko cAhiye ki vaha apanI AtmA kA uddhAra apane Apa hI kre| nirAza hokara apane dvArA apanI AtmA kA patana yA avanati na kre| kyoMki pratyeka jIva kA AtmA hI apanA bandhu hai aura AtmA hI apanA zatru hai|" " 1 mahAbhArata (zAntiparva) meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki "yaha AtmA svataMtrapreraNA se zuddha AtmA (paramAtmA) ke nikaTa pahu~cane para zuddhAtmA bana jAtA hai| yaha jIvAtmA jo mUla meM svataMtra hai, vaha bhI sva-bhAva yA sva-svarUpa ke adhIna (sva-taMtra) hokara cale to nitya, zuddha, buddha (siddha) svataMtra paramAtmA meM mila jAtA hai, paramAtmabhAva ko prApta ho jAtA hai|" isake viparIta jaba jIvAtmA sva- taMtra ko chor3akara zarIra, indriya, mana tathA durAcaraNoM ke cakkara meM (para-bhAvoM ke taMtra meM) par3a jAtA hai, taba karmAdhInatA kI prabalatA ho jAtI hai, aura tabhI usakA adhaHpatana prArambha ho jAtA hai| saccA svAtaMtryayukta AtmA kaba karma-parataMtra, kaba svataMtra ? pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kA 'icchA svAtaMtrya' zabda bhI bhAratIya Astika darzanoM kI dRSTi se ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki icchA - svAtaMtrya kA spaSTArtha ho jAtA hai - manamAnA- AcaraNa- svecchAcAra / icchA mana kA dharma hai| buddhi, citta, mana Adi sabhI karmAtmaka jar3a prakRti ke vikAra mAne jAte haiN| isalie saccA svAtaMtrya na to buddhi kA hai aura na mana Adi karmopAdhika padArthoM kA hai, vaha kevala AtmA kA hai| yaha svAtaMtrya na to koI AtmA ko detA hai aura na hI koI usase chIna sakatA hai| svataMtra paramAtmA ke samAna svataMtra jIvAtmA jaba apane sva-bhAva - svarUpa ko bhUlakara parabhAvoM tathA kaSAyAdi vibhAvoM meM ramaNa karane laga jAtA hai, taba vaha karma - parataMtra bana jAtA hai| karmopAdhika bandhana meM par3atA hai| isake bAvajUda bhI mUla meM svataMtra AtmA yadi karmakSaya karane kA svataH parAkrama kare to vaha karma - parataMtratA kI ber3iyoM ko tor3akara punaH svataMtra - karmamukta ho sakatA hai| 1. uddharedAtmanA''tmAnaM, nA''tmAnamavasAdayet / Atmaiva hyAtmano bandhurAtmaiva ripurAtmanaH // 2. vizuddhadharmA zuddhena buddhena ca sa buddhimAn / vimalAtmA ca bhavati sametya vimalA''tmanA / svataMtrazca svataMtreNa svataMtratvamaznute // - mahAbhArata zAntiparva 308/27-30 3. karmavipAka aura AtmasvAtaMtrya (lokamAnya tilaka) (jinavANI karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka) se pR. 263 - bhagavadgItA 6/5 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA paratatrIkAraka svarUpa 425 niSkarSa yaha hai ki jIvAtmA ko isa prabhutva-sAmarthya ke lie arthAt-karma kI parAdhInatA se chuTakArA pAne ke lie svayaM prayatna karanA caahiye| jIvAtmA dvArA aisA Atma-prayatna hI, adhyAtmazAstra meM paryAya se AtmasvAtatrya mAnA gayA hai| AtmA kI icchA ke binA karma Adi use paravaza nahIM kara sakate isakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki AtmA kI icchA (saMkalpa) ke binA karma Adi koI bhI sattA use na to apane adhIna kara sakatI hai, na hI usake svabhAvoM para hAvI hokara AtmaguNoM ko AcchAdita, vikRta yA kuNThita kara sakatI hai| jIva apanI icchA se hI zubhAzubha karma karatA hai, nayA janma pAtA hai, aura tadanusAra vaise hI sajIva-nirjIva padArthoM kA saMyoga milatA hai| isIlie muni se apramatta rahane kA kahA gayA hai| sArA jagat karmavipAka ke adhIna hai, yaha jAnakara muni duHkha ko pAkara dIna na ho, aura sukha ko pAkara vismita na ho| donoM hI sthitiyoM meM samabhAvapUrvaka rhe| isa prakAra samagra jagat ke jIvoM kI karma-parataMtratA jAnakara bhI AtmA cAhe to apramatta evaM samabhAvastha rahakara svataMtra raha sakatI hai| yaha satya hai ki AtmA una icchAoM yA vAsanAoM-kAmanAoM ko samajhapUrvaka, samyagdRSTipUrvaka nahIM krtii| AtmA kI svAbhAvika gati-mati agnizikhA kI bhAMti UrdhvagAminI hai, parantu sva-bhAva ke viruddha icchAe~-vAsanAe~ yA vikalpa uThate haiM, taba usakI gati-mati adhogAminI ho jAtI hai, karmapudgala use jakar3a lete haiN| usakI svataMtra adhyAtma vikAsa kI Urdhvagati ko roka dete haiN| Atma-vismRti yA jainapAribhASika zabdAnusAra pramAda ke kAraNa jaba AtmA apanI maulika maryAdAoM se bAhara bhaTaka jAtI hai, taba vaha bhAvakarma-dravyakarma ke vazIbhUta ho jAtI hai| karmoM para zAsana karane ke badale, karma usa para zAsana karane laga jAte haiN| samayasAra kalaza meM kahA gayA haijahA~ taka jIva kI nirbalatA hai, vahA~ taka karma kA jora calatA hai|2 / jIva svataMtra hai yA parataMtra ? sApekSa samAdhAna ___ jIva svataMtra hai yA parataMtra ? yaha prazna jaba karmavijJAna-marmajJoM se pUchA gayA to unhoMne anekAnta (sApekSavAda) kI zailI meM uttara diyA-jIva svataMtra bhI hai, parataMtra bhii| yaha sApekSa kathana hai| jIva caitanyavAn hai| jIva 1. duHkhaM prApya na dInaH syAt, sukhaM prApya na vismitH| muniH karmavipAkasya jAnan paravazaM jagat // ' -jinavANI karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka meM prakAzita lekha se pR. 122 2. samayasAra 317; kalaza 198 (paM. jayacandajI) For Personal & Private Use Only

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426 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . (AtmA) kA mUla svabhAva cetanA hai, yaha sabhI dravyoM se vilakSaNa hai| jIva ke sivAya kisI bhI dravya meM cetanA nahIM pAI jaatii| jIva kA caitanya svabhAva hone se vaha svataMtra hai| lekina jaba-jaba jIva apane caitanya-svabhAva ko bhUla jAtA hai, cetanA kI agni vismRti kI rAkha se Dhaka jAtI hai taba-taba vaha karma-parataMtra yA pudgala-parataMtra ho jAtA hai| AtmA karma (kriyA) karane meM svataMtra, phala bhogane meM parataMtra ... isa dRSTi se jaba hama vicAra karate haiM to eka tathya sAmane ubhara kara AtA hai| jIva koI bhI kriyA, pravRtti athavA kArya karane meM svataMtra hai, parantu usa kriyA kI pratikriyAsvarUpa jo phala prApta hotA hai, use bhogane meM svataMtra nhiiN| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM isa tathya ko sApekSadRSTi se udAharaNa dekara samajhAyA gayA hai ki karma kI mukhyatayA do avasthAe~ haiM-baMdha (grahaNa) aura udaya (phl)| jIva karmoM ko karane (bA~dhane) meM svataMtra hai, kintu una karmoM ke udaya meM Ane para phala bhogane meM vaha parataMtra hai, svataMtra nahIM hai, phala karmAdhIna milatA hai| jaise koI vyakti nAriyala yA tAr3a ke per3a para car3hatA hai| vaha car3hane meM svataMtra hai| apanI icchAnusAra vaha car3ha sakatA hai| kintu asAvadhAnIvaza gira jAe yA gaphalata se girane lage, taba vaha svataMtra nahIM hai| athavA ukta vRkSa se jhaTapaTa utarane meM bhI svataMtra nahIM hai, kyoMki car3ha gayA to use utaranA to par3egA hii| car3hanA to usakI icchA se huaa| lekina utaranA icchA se nahIM, vivazatA se hai| isalie car3hane meM vaha svataMtra hai, kintu utarane meM parataMtra hai|' car3hane kA pariNAma utaranA hai| vahA~ Age kahA gayA hai-"prAyaH saMsArI jIva adhikatara karma-paravaza hI haiN| kintu kahIM-kahIM prabala dhRti-balAdi ke sadbhAva se karma bhI jIvavaza ho jAte haiN| udAharaNArtha-kahIM kisI zahara Adi meM dhanika (sAhUkAra-RNadAtA) balavAna hotA hai; jabaki yadi karjadAra (RNI) kahIM kisI choTe se gA~va meM jAkara basa jAtA hai to vahA~ vaha nirdhana karjadAra (RNI) bhI balavAna ho jAtA hai; kyoMki vahA~ usa (nagaravAsI) sAhUkAra (RNadAtA) kI nahIM cltii| prastuta prasaMga meM karma dhanika (RNadAtA) sadRza hai aura karjadAra (RNI) karmayukta jIva hai| jisa prakAra nagara Adi meM sAhUkAra (dhanI) balavAn hotA hai| vaha sarakAra dvArA use giraphtAra karavA 1. (ka) antarmana kI graMthiyA~ kholeM (AcArya nAneza ke jinavANI ka.si. meM prakAzita pravacana) se pR. 127 (kha) 'svataMtra yA parataMtra ? (karmavAda meM yuvAcArya mahAprajJa ke prakAzita lekha se bhAvAMza) pR.86-87 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA parataMtrIkAraka svarUpa 427 kara karja vasUla kara letA hai, usI prakAra jIva (sakarmaka AtmA) meM yadi dhRti, utsAha, parAkrama Adi bala na ho to karma use apane adhIna kara letA hai| kintu jaise grAma Adi meM karjadAra balavAn hotA hai, usI prakAra jahA~ jIva dhRti, bala, zarIra saMhanana meM sudRr3ha, utsAhI aura parAkramI ho, vahA~ vaha balavAn hotA hai aura karma ko apane adhIna kara letA hai|' karma kA svabhAva : parataMtra banAnA, AtmA kA svabhAva : svataMtra honA jo kriyA karatA hai, usakI pratikriyA nizcita hI hotI hai| ataH kriyA karane meM manuSya svataMtra hai, kintu pratikriyA meM vaha parataMtra hai| eka jainAcArya ne kahA hai-'kaDeNa mUDho puNo taM karei'-eka bAra jo kArya kiyA jAtA hai, usase sAdhAraNa ajJa, mAnava ko moha utpanna ho jAtA hai aura mohamUr3ha vyakti punaH punaH usI kArya ko karatA hai| punaH punaH usI kArya ko doharAne se eka saMskAra bana jAtA hai| phira manuSya ke mana meM ukta saMskAra ke kAraNa usa kriyA ko bAra-bAra karane kI lalaka uThatI hai| vyakti vivekamUr3ha banakara punaH punaH usa kriyA ko karatA jAtA hai| isase eka saMskAra bana jAtA hai jo karmarUpa meM usake sAtha baddha hokara karmAnusAra manacAhA nAca nacAtA hai| karma kA svabhAva hai ki jo jIva usakI giraphta meM AegA, use vaha apane adhIna-parataMtra banA letA hai| yaha to huI AtmA kI karma-parataMtratA kI baat| yadi AtmA apane mUlasvarUpa ko apramatta hokara jAna le, mAna le to usakI cetanA-zakti atIva prabala ho jAtI hai| ataH yadi vaha prabalarUpa se jAgRta ho jAe aura dRr3hasaMkalpapUrvaka pratijJAbaddha ho jAe ki mujhe yaha kArya kataI nahIM karanA hai, to phira saMskAra yA karma kitane hI prabala kyoM na hoM, eka jhaTake meM vaha unheM tor3a sakatA hai| karma karane meM jIva svataMtra, phala bhogane meM parataMtra .. isalie svataMtratA aura parataMtratA donoM sApekSa haiM, sarvathA nirapekSa nhiiN| jaise-eka vyakti bhAMga pI letA hai| vaha bhAMga pIne meM to svataMtra hai| icchA ho to pIe, icchA na ho to na piie| kintu usake pariNAmasvarUpa 1. (ka) kamma ciNaMti savasA tassudayammi u paravasA hoti| rukkhaM durUhai savaso, vigalai ya paravaso tatto / / dhaNiya-sarisaM tu kamma, dhAraNiga-samA u kammiNA hoti| saMtAsaMta dhaNA jaha dhAraNiga dhiibala taNu // kammavasA khalu jIvA, vasAI kahiM vi kmmaaii| katthai dhaNio balavaM, dhAraNao katthai balava / / (kha) dekhiyaM 'karmavAda' meM isakA nirUpaNa pR. 87 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #450
428 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . nazA cddh'aa| usakA phala to use bhoganA hI pdd'egaa| usakI icchA na hote hue bhI bhAMga apanA camatkAra dikhAegI hii| ataH bhAMga pIne meM vyakti svataMtra hai, parantu usakA pariNAma bhogane meM parataMtra hai| - bhagavadgItA meM isI siddhAnta kI prarUpaNA kI gaI hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai-terA karma karane meM adhikAra hai| arthAt-kArya (kama) karane meM tU svataMtra hai, kintu usake phala meM terA adhikAra kadApi nahIM hai| arthAtusakA phala bhogane meM tU parataMtra hai|' ataH siddhAnta yaha huA hai ki jIva apane kartRtva meM svataMtra hai, kintu phala bhogane meM parataMtra hai| arthAt-kartRtva kAla meM vaha svataMtra hai, kintu pariNAmakAla meM parataMtra hai| pratyeka karma karane meM jIva svataMtra, kintu pariNAma avazya svIkAranA hogA mohammada sAhaba ke alI nAmaka eka anuyAyI ne eka bAra unase pUchA-"karma karane meM maiM svataMtra hU~ yA parataMtra ?" __ mohammada sAhaba ne kahA-"eka paira U~cA rakhakara dUsare paira se khar3e rho|" __alI ne apanA dAhinA paira U~cA kiyA aura bA~ye paira se khar3A ho gyaa| phira mohammada sAhaba ne kahA-"acchA, aba bAMyA paira U~cA utthaao|" alI ne kahA-"paigambara! Apa bhI merA majAkaM karate haiN| dAhinA paira U~cA uThAne ke bAda, bA~yA paira kaise U~cA uThA sakatA haiM ? aisA karane para to maiM nIce gira pdduuNgaa| maiM to dA~yA paira U~cA uThAkara baMdha gayA, aba bA~yA paira nahIM uThAyA jA sktaa|" ___ isa para mohammada sAhaba ne pUchA-"parantu yadi tumane pahale se hI bA~yA paira U~cA uThAyA hotA to uThA sakate the yA nahIM ?" vaha bolA-"avazya uThA sakatA thaa| pahale se maiMne bA~yA paira uThAyA hotA to maiM vaisA karane meM svataMtra thA, vahA~ taka maiM ba~dhA nahIM thaa| vahA~ taka maiMne donoM meM se koI bhI paira uThAne kI kriyA nahIM kI thii| magara bA~yA paira pahale uThAyA hotA to bhI maiM baMdha jAtA. phira maiM dA~yA paira nahIM uThA paataa|" 1. (ka) dharma aura darzana (upAcArya devendramuni) se pR. 50 (kha) "karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kdaacn|" . -gItA a. 2, zlo. 47 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #451
karma kA parataMtrIkAraka svarUpa 429 mohammada sAhaba ne kahA-"basa, isI prakAra tuma pratyeka karma karane meM to svataMtra ho, parantu karma karane ke sAtha hI vaha tumheM baMdhana meM jakar3a degaa|" karma karane kI svataMtratA kA phalitArtha niSkarSa yaha hai ki eka bAra karma karane ke pazcAt jo bhI pariNAmabaMdhana A par3e, vaha vyakti ko svIkAranA hI par3atA hai| karma karane meM manuSya svataMtra hai, isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki karma karanA, na karanA, kaisA karanA, kaisA karma na karanA? ityAdi vicArapUrvaka zuddhabuddhi kA upayoga karake karma meM pravRtta hone meM manuSya svataMtra hai, parantu usakA phala bhogane meM vaha parataMtra hai| usakI icchA phala bhogane kI na ho to bhI use vaha phala barabasa bhoganA hI pdd'egaa| usameM TAlamaTUla, AnAkAnI yA kinArAkasI nahIM clegii| dRSTAnta dvArA karma karane meM svataMtratA, phalabhoga meM parataMtratA kA spaSTIkaraNa eka vyakti kisI ke yahA~ mehamAna bnaa| yajamAna ne usake lie khIra, pUr3I, do sAga, pakaur3e, caulA, cabainA, acAra Adi aneka khAdya padArtha banavAkara usakI thAlI meM parosa diye| aba vaha mehamAna kyA khAne, kyA na khAne aura kauna sI cIja kama yA adhika khAne meM svataMtra hai| jo cIja mehamAna adhika khAnA cAhatA hai, use yajamAna prema se adhika se adhika parosatA jAtA hai| kauna-sI vastu mere svAsthya ke anukUla hai? isakA dhyAna mehamAna ko rakhanA caahie| mehamAna yaha jAnate hue bhI kupathyakAraka cIja adhika khAtA hai, ise khAne meM vaha svataMtra hai| parantu isake pariNAmasvarUpa mehamAna ko TaTTiyA~ lagane lgiiN| aba dinabhara zauca jAne ke lie vaha parataMtra ho gyaa| arthAt-kupathyakAraka cIja khAne meM mehamAna svataMtra thA, lekina usake phala bhogane meM vaha parataMtra hai, vaha phala bhogane se baca bhI nahIM sktaa| karma : parataMtratA kaba hote haiM, kaba nahIM ? . isakA phalitArtha yoM to rAga-dveSa-kaSAya-yukta pariNAmoM se kiye gae samasta karma bandhanakAraka parataMtrakartA hai, parantu ve tabhI parataMtratA meM DAlane vAle hote haiM, jaba ve kartA dvArA kara liye jAte haiN| baddha hone se pahale taka manuSya karma karane meM pUrNa svataMtra hai| manuSya sajjana yA durjana banane, dAna 1. (ka) karmano siddhAnta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara) se pR.76 (kha) karmavAda se pR. 87 2. karmano siddhAnta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara) se pR. 75-76 3. vahI, pR. 26 se sArAMza For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #452
430 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) karane yA na karane, satya bolane yA asatya bolane, yahA~ taka ki AtmahatyA karane, na karane meM bhI vaha pUrNa svataMtra hai| karma karane kI jitanI svataMtratA : utanI hI jimmevArI meM parataMtratA ___karma-svAtaMtrya kA phalitArtha yaha hai ki karmakartA durjanatA yA sajjanatA ke cAhe jaise karma karane meM svataMtra hai, parantu usakA phala bhogane meM vaha utanA hI parataMtra hai| use karma karane ke bAda usakA manacAhA phala bhogane yA na bhogane kI svataMtratA nahIM hai| manuSya karma karane meM to svataMtra ho, kintu usakA pariNAma bhogane kI jimmevArI se mukta ho jAe, aisI dvimukhI svataMtratA nahIM hai| isalie karmakartA kI jitanI svataMtratA karma karane kI hai, utanI hI jimmevArI usa karma ke pariNAma bhogane kI usakI hogii| kahAvata hai Freedom implies responsibility. jitanI svataMtratA, utanI hI jimmevArI; isakA yathArtha bhAna karmakartA ko rakhanA Avazyaka hai| kucha bhI karane ke bAda phira manuSya cAhe ki usakA phala na bhoganA par3e, yaha asambhava hai| yaha pUrNa svataMtratA nahIM, usakA majAka hai| . pUrNa-svataMtratA kA itanA hI yA aisA artha nahIM hai ki acche karma karane kI svataMtratA to ho, bure karma karane kI nhiiN| aisI svataMtratA pUrNa nahIM khlaatii| yaha to vaisI hI svataMtratA huI, jaise-koI apanI patnI ko ghara kI pUrNa svataMtratA dekara kahe ki "maiMne use sArI tijorI sauMpa dI hai, parantu usakI cAbiyA~ apane pAsa rakhI haiN|" aisI svataMtratA pUrNa svataMtratA nahIM kahalAkara svataMtratA kI majAka kahalAtI hai|' amerikA meM 'henarI phorDa' ne jaba sarvaprathama moTareM banAI to usane sabhI moTareM kevala eka hI raMga-kAle raMga kI banAI aura unheM sela-Dipo meM katArabaMdha khar3I karake grAhakoM ko AkarSita karane ke lie sela-Dipo para eka borDa lagAyA 'You can choose any colour you like, provided itis black.' "tuma cAhe jo raMga (raMga kI moTara) pasaMda kara sakate ho, bazarte ki vaha kAlA ho|" isameM svataMtratA to pUrI dI gaI, parantu usake sAtha kAlA raMga hone kI zarta lagA dI; yaha svataMtratA nahIM, nija-taMtratA (apanI icchA ke adhIna karane kI cAturI) thii| 1. karmano siddhAnta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara) se pR. 74-75 2. vahI, pR.75 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #453
karma kA parataMtrIkAraka svarUpa karma karane ke nirNaya meM manuSya svataMtra : parantu bAda meM karma - parataMtra niSkarSa yaha hai ki rAgAdi pariNAmayukta karmamAtra parataMtratAkArakabandhanakAraka hai| isalie karma karane se pahale manuSya yaha nirNaya karane meM svataMtra hai ki mujhe zubha karma karanA cAhie yA azubha ? athavA mujhe abandhaka zuddha karma karanA cAhie ? zubha pariNAma hoM yA azubha pariNAma, donoM se kiye jAne vAle karma karane meM manuSya svataMtra hai, parantu ina donoM prakAra ke bandhanakAraka sAmparAyika karmoM kA svabhAva jIva ko parataMtra banAne kA hai, yaha samajha lenA cAhie / airyApathika karma, rAgAdi pariNAmoM se rahita zuddha niSkAma karma, bandharahita hone se ve manuSya ko parataMtra nahIM banA skte| karma ke parataMtrIkaraNa svarUpa kA yahI phalitArtha hai / 431 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #454
432 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) kyA karma mahAzaktirUpa hai ? karmarAja kA sarvatra sArvabhauma rAjya karma saMsArastha pratyeka prANI ke sAtha lagA huA hai / jIva jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, sukha, zarIra, mana, buddhi, zakti, prANa, aMgopAMga, yaza-apayaza, mAna-sammAna Adi saba karma kI zakti ke nIce dabe hue haiN| saMsArastha jIva kA koI bhI kArya aisA nahIM hai, jisa para karma chAyA huA na ho| karma hI use sAMsArika sukha-duHkha, hAni-lAbha, jIvana-maraNa, bhautika unnatiavanati, nindA-prazaMsA, sammAna-apamAna Adi dvandvoM ke hiMDole meM lagAtAra Upara-nIce jhulAtA rahatA hai| saMsAra kI koI bhI gati, yoni, janma-sthAna, vAtAvaraNa, paristhiti, kakSA, zreNI, bhUmikA Adi aisI nahIM bacI hai, jahA~ karma kA sArvabhauma rAjya na ho| saMsAra meM sarvatra abAdhagati se isakA praveza aura prabhAva hai| paMcataMtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai-"manuSyoM kA pUrvakRta karma AtmA ke sAtha-sAtha rahatA hai| vaha sote hue ke sAtha soyA rahatA hai, calate hue ke pIche-pIche calatA hai|" uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai- "karma kartA ke sAtha-sAtha anugamana karatA (pIche calatA) hai|" karma hI vidhAtA, zAstA, brahmA, dharmarAja Adi hai __ vaidika manISiyoM ne jise varuNadeva, yamarAja, citragupta yA dharmarAja ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai, jise vaidika paurANikoM ne brahmA, viSNu aura maheza ke rUpa meM utpatti, sthiti aura saMhAra kA pratIka batAyA hai, vaha jagad-vyApI mahAzakti vastutaH 'karma' hI hai| vahI jagat kI vividha-vaicitrya-paripUrNa vyavasthA kA vidhAtA, zAstA aura kartA-dhartA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina AdipurANa (mahApurANa) meM karma ko brahmA kA 1. (ka) zete saha zayAnena, gcchntmnugcchti| narANAM prAktanaM karma, tiSThatyatha shaatmnH|| (kha) "kattArameva aNujAi kmm|" 2. 'karma rahasya' (bra. jinendra varNI) se pR. 125 -paMcataMtra 2/130 uttarAdhyayana 13/23 For Personal & Private Use Only

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kyA karma mahAzaktirUpa hai ? 433 paryAyavAcI batAte hue kahA gayA hai-"vidhi, sraSTA, vidhAtA, daiva, purAkRta karma, aura Izvara, ina saba zabdoM ko karmarUpI brahmA ke paryAyavAcI samajhane caahie|" karmarUpI vidhAtA kA vidhAna aTala hai vizva ke isa vidhAtA kA vidhAna aTala hai| mAnava, dAnava, deva, devendra, narendra, dharaNendra, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva, narapAla, Adi yahA~ taka ki brahmA, viSNu aura maheza, tIrthakara, paigambara, RSi-maharSi, avatAra Adi koI bhI isake daNDa se baca nahIM sakA hai, aura na hI baca sakatA hai| sabhI eka yA dUsare rUpa meM isake pAza meM jakar3e hue haiM, aura jakar3e gaye haiN| karmarUpI mahAzakti ko namaskAra karate hue bhartRhari ko kahanA par3A- . "jisa karma ne (vaidika purANoM ke anusAra) brahmA ko kumbhakAra kI taraha brahmANDa rUpI bhANDa (bartana) banAne meM niyaMtrita (niyojita) kara rakhA hai; jisane viSNu ko dasa avatAra grahaNa karane tathA sRSTi kA pAlana karane kA gahana kArya dekara ghora saMkaTa meM DAla diyaa| jisa karma ne rudra (mahAdeva) ko khappara hAtha meM lekara bhikSATana karane kA kArya sauMpa diyaa| jisa karma ke prabhAva se tejasvI aMzumAlI sUrya ko nitya hI gagana-maNDala meM bhramaNa karanA par3atA hai| usa karma ko namaskAra hai|"2 niSkarSa yaha hai ki rAjA ho yA raka, dhanika ho yA nirdhana, samrATa ho cAhe parivrAT, sevaka yA dAsa ho cAhe svAmI, zramika ho yA azramika, nirakSara ho cAhe sAkSara, buddhimAn ho cAhe mUrkha, yuvaka ho yA bAlaka, yuvatI ho cAhe vRddhA, praur3ha ho cAhe vRddha, sabhI karmazakti ke Age nata-mastaka haiN| karma : zaktizAlI zAstA evaM anuzAstA ... karma eka aisA pracaNDa zaktizAlI zAstA athavA anuzAstA hai, jo apane kAnUna kAyadoM ko bhaMga karane, yA maryAdAoM ko tor3ane vAloM ko daNDa detA hai aura zubha karma evaM paropakAramUlaka sukRtya karane vAloM ko puraskAra 1. vidhiH sraSTA vidhAtA ca daiva karma puraakRtm| Izvarazceti paryAyA vijJeyAH karmavedhasaH // _ -AdipurANa (mahApurANa) 4/37 2. "brahmA yena kulAlavaniyamito brahmANDa- bhANDodare; viSNuryena dazAvatAra-gahane kSipto mhaasNktte| rudro yena kapAlapANipuTake bhikSATanaM sevate, sUryo bhrAmyati nityameva gagane tasmai namaH krmnne|" __ -bhartRhari : nItizataka, zlo. 92 . For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #456
434 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . bhI detA hai| use pratyeka prANI ke dvArA kiye jAne vAle kriyamANa, saMcita aura prArabdha karmoM kA lekhA-jokhA rakhane kI jarUrata nahIM pdd'tii| usane pratyeka prANI ke kRta, bhukta aura kSINa karmoM ke saMskAroM kA saMcaya karane ke liye pratyeka prANI ko apanI ora se 'kArmaNa zarIra' nAmaka aisA sAdhana pradAna kara rakhA hai, jo usake dvArA kiye gae, bhoge gae yA kSaya kiye gae samasta acche-bure kRtaka karmoM ke saMskAroM ko TelIpaithI kI taraha usa para anAyAsa hI aMkita karatA rahatA hai| ve hI karma-saMskAra yathAsamaya udita hokara use daNDa yA puraskAra dete rahate haiN| bAhara kA dikhAI dene vAlA yaha. sthUla zarIra (audArika yA vaikriya zarIra) rahe yA na rahe parantu yaha kArmaNa zarIra (sUkSmatama zarIra) marate yA jIte rahate hara samaya pratikSaNa saMsArI jIva ke sAtha rahatA hai aura usakI samasta kAryavAhI kA sUkSma-nirIkSaNa-parIkSaNa karatA rahatA hai| zAstA aura anuzAstA ke rUpa meM samaya-samaya para pratyeka prANI ko usake karma kA phala detA rahatA hai| hindU dharma ke puraskartA gosvAmI tulasIdAsa jI bhI kahate haiM "karma-pradhAna vizva kari raakhaa| jo jasa karahi so tasa phala caakhaa|"2 isalie kisI ko usake zubhAzubha karmAnusAra yathocita daNDa-puraskAra, yA apamAna-sammAna dilAnA, svarga-naraka meM yA manuSyatiryaJca meM bhejanA, alpAyu yA dIrghAyu, sukhI-duHkhI, dhanI-nirdhana, vipanna-sampanna athavA svastha-asvastha banAnA usake bAMye hAtha kA khela hai| karma kA zAsana kaheM yA anuzAsana vizva meM sarvatra sabhI baddha jIvoM para calatA hai| mukti na hone taka karma chAyA kI taraha pichalaggU tathAgata buddha jaise mahAn vyaktiyoM ko bhI karma kI mahAzakti kA lohA mAnakara kahanA pdd'aa-"bhikssuo| isa janma se ikAnave janma pUrva merI zakti ('bhAlA' nAmaka zastra vizeSa) se eka puruSa kI hatyA huI thI; usI karma ke phala (vipAka) svarUpa merA paira Aja kATe se biMdha gayA hai| ___ karmoM se jIva sarvathA mukta nahIM ho jAtA, taba taka ve chAyA kI taraha pratipala pIche lage rahate haiN| vedapaMthI kavi sihaMlana mizra bhI yahI kahate 1. karmarahasya (jinendra varNI) se sArAMza 2. rAmacaritamAnasa (gosvAmI tulasIdAsa) 3. ita ekanavatitame kalpe, zaktacA me puruSo htH| tena karmavipAkena, pAde viddho'smi bhikssvH|| -SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA meM uddhRta For Personal & Private Use Only

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kyA karma mahAzaktirUpa hai ? 435 haiM-"Apa AkAza meM ur3a jAya~, dizAoM ke parale pAra cale jAyeM, agAdha mahAsAgara ke tala meM jAkara baiTha jAyeM, kahIM bhI jAkara chipa jAya~, jahA~ cAhe, vahA~ pahu~ca jAe~, lekina Apane janma-janmAntara meM jo bhI zubhAzubha karma kiye haiM, unake phala to ApakI chAyA kI taraha Apake sAtha hI rheNge| ve Apako phala diye binA kadApi nahIM chodd'eNge|" phala bhogane taka karmazakti pIchA nahIM chor3atI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne to spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA ki "kRtakarmoM (nikAcita rUpa se bA~dhe hue karmoM) kA phala bhoge binA AtmA kA chuTakArA nahIM ho sktaa|"2 kaI vyakti yaha socate haiM ki paraloka meM kiye hue karma to vahA~ ke zarIra chUTane ke sAtha hI chUTa gae, aba to isa loka meM hama jo acche karma karate haiM, unhIM kA phala bhoganA rahA, kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI anubhava siddha vANI meM kahA-"jIva ne jo karma paraloka meM kiye haiM, unakA phala bhoganA yadi bAkI raha gayA hai to unake phala isa loka meM bhoge jAte haiM, tathA kaI karma aise bhI hote haiM, jo isa loka meM kiye gae haiM, unake phala isa loka meM bhI bhoge jAte haiN|" karmoM kI sarvatra apratihata gati tAtparya yaha hai ki karmoM kI sarvatra abAdha gati hai| kisI mahAn se mahAn kahalAne vAle vyakti dvArA yA kahIM bhI chipakara, ekAnta meM, aMdhere meM 'kiye gaye karma ke phala ko bhI bhugatAye binA karma nahIM chodd'taa| tathAgata buddha bhI isI tathya kA samarthana karate haiM-"cAhe antarikSa meM cale jAo, cAhe samudra meM ghusa jAo, evaM cAhe parvata kI guphA meM chipakara baiTha jAo, kintu jagat meM aisA koI bhI pradeza (sthAna) nahIM hai, jahA~ sthita hone para pApa karmoM (ka phala) se chuTakArA mila jaae|" jIva dvArA vibhAva meM ramaNa karane meM karma kI sAmarthya hI kAraNa hai| karma kI zakti acintya hai| 1. AkAzamutpatatu gacchatu vA digantamambhonidhiM vizatu tiSThatu vA ythessttm| - janmAntarArjita-zubhAzubha-kRnnarANAM, chAyeva na tyajati krmphlaanubndhi|| -zAntizatakam 82 2. "kaDANa kammANa na mokkha atthi|" -uttarAdhyayana sUtra 4/3 3. "paralogakaDA kammA ihaloe veijjnti| ... ihalogakaDA kammA ihaloe veijjti||" - bhagavatI sUtra 4. (ka) na aMtalikkhe na samuddamajhe, na pavvatAnaM vivaraM pviss| . na vijjati so jagatippadeso, yatthaTThito muJceyya paavkmmaa|" -dhammapada 9/12 (kha) paMcAdhyAyI uttarArddha 105/925 For Personal & Private Use Only

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436 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) karma ke niyama aTala hai vizva meM pratyeka rAjya ke hara DipArTameMTa ko vyavasthita rUpa se calAne aura niyaMtraNa meM rakhane ke lie kAnUna-kAyade bane hote haiN| samAja ke sucAru rUpa se saMcAlana aura niyamana karane hetu niyamopaniyama bane hote haiN| isI prakAra dhArmika kSetra meM bhI dharmasaMghoM ko suvyavasthApUrvaka calAne, dharma tathA dhArmikoM ke prati AsthA, zraddhA aura bhakti ko sudRr3ha-susthira rakhane evaM dharmAnusAra jIvana-vyavahAra calAne ke liye AcAra-saMhitA tathA samAcArI. banI hotI hai| pulisa vibhAga ke liye pulisa menyuala tathA pI. Dablyu. DI. vibhAga ke liye usakA menyuala hotA hai| isI prakAra vizva ke pratyeka prANI ke apane-apane acche-bure, kaTu-mRdu, krUra-karuNa, tathA ahatva-nirahaMtva, lobha-nirlobha, svArtha-paramArtha Adi se yukta vicAroM, vacanoM evaM kAryoM kA use yathocita suphala-duSphala mila sake, isake lie karma kA sArvabhauma tathA aTala niyama (kAnUna) hai| sArA vizva karma ke aTala niyama (kAnUna) ke anusAra calatA hai, isameM rattIbhara bhI gar3abar3I nahIM hotii| karma ke niyamoM meM koI apavAda nahIM __karma ke kAnUna kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM kisI ke liye koI bhI rU-riyAyata yA mulAhijA nahIM hotaa| vizva ke samasta kAnUna-kAyadoM meM koI na koI apavAda (ExceptiontotheruleProviso) Adi hote haiM; dhArmika niyamoM aura AcAra-saMhitAoM meM bhI utsarga aura apavAda hotA hai, magara karma ke kAnUna meM prAyaH apavAda nahIM hotaa| jar3a karma pudgaloM meM bhI asIma zakti sAdhAraNa vyakti yaha samajhate haiM ki karma to pudgala haiM, jar3a haiM, unameM kyA zakti hogI? parantu yaha unakA bhrama hai| jar3a padArthoM meM bhI asIma zakti hotI hai| aNubama, paramANu bama bahuta choTA hotA hai, krikeTa kI geMda ke AkAra kA-sA, usa choTe-se bama kA camatkAra to hama suna cuke haiMhIrozimA aura nAgAsAkI jaise do vizAla aura sundara zaharoM ko bilakula naSTa-bhraSTa kara diyA thaa| jar3a bama kA dhamAkA lAkhoM manuSyoM ke lie vinAzalIlA kA sRjana kara sakatA hai, yaha vastu Aja ke mAnava se chipI nahIM hai| aNubama (Atom bomb) AkAra meM bahuta hI choTA hotA hai, kintu zakti kI apekSA vaha sahasroM vizAla bamoM se adhika kArya karatA hai| aba to 1. karmano siddhAnta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara) se sArAMza pR. 2 2. karmano siddhAnta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara) pR. 2 se For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #459
kyA karma mahAzaktirUpa hai ? 437 usase bhI pAMca-sau gunI zakti vAlA hAiDrojana bama nikalA hai| bhautika vijJAnavettAoM kA prayatna rAI ke dAne se bhI choTA bama banAne kA ho rahA hai| vaha eka hI bama sAre vizva kA sarvanAza kara sakatA hai| ___isIlie paMcAdhyAmI (u.) meM kahA gayA hai-"karma kI zakti AtmA kI zakti meM bAdhaka hai|" tAtparya yaha hai ki jar3a pudgala meM bhI ananta zakti hotI hai| isa kAraNa vaha AtmA kI pracaNDa zakti ko tathA AtmA ke ananta nijIguNoM ko bhI dabA sakane meM samartha hotA hai| karma zakti yadyapi jar3a hai, tathApi cetanA zakti ko Abaddha karane ke isake prAbalya tathA pariNAma meM isakA tANDava atyadhika zocanIya evaM kalpanAtIta dekhA jAtA hai| samayasAra meM kahA gayA hai-karma kI balavattA se jIva ke rAgAdi pariNAma abuddhipUrvaka bhI hote haiN| sUkSma karma-paramANupuMja meM ananta prakAra kI pariNAma-pradarzana zakti yadyapi AtmA atyanta sUkSma hai, phira bhI use bA~dhane vAlI karma-vargaNAoM (kArmaNavargaNAoM) kA puMja atyanta sUkSma hai| usa sUkSma karmapuMja meM ananta prakAra ke pariNamana-pradarzana kI zakti hai| baddha-AtmA ke sAtha milI huI kArmaNavargaNAoM meM anantAnanta pradeza kahe gae haiM, jo abhavya jIvoM se bhI ananta guNe haiN| tathA sUkSma hone ke kAraNa indriyagocara nahIM haiN| unameM vidyamAna karma-zakti (Karmicenergy) adbhuta camatkAra dikhAtI hai| yaha duSTa karmazakti hI hai, jo gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM upazama zreNI para car3he hue zrutakevalI jaise mahApuruSa ko bhI anantakAla taka saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karAtI hai| samayasAra meM yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki karma mokSa ke hetu (jJAnAdi) kA tirodhAna karane vAlA hai| karmazakti ke prabhAva se caturdaza pUrvajJAnadhAraka mahApuruSa bhI pramAdavaza anantakAla taka bhavabhramaNa karate haiN|' karmazakti AtmA kI ananta jJAnazakti ko Dhakakara akSara ke anantaveM bhAga-parimita banA detI hai| yaha (Ayu) karma kI hI pracaNDa zakti hai, jo apane prabhAva se kisI jIva ko aparyAptaka nigoda paryAya vAlA jIva 1. paMcAdhyAyI uttarArddha 328 2. samayasAra 172/ka. 116 (paM. jayacaMda jI). Atmatattva vicAra (vijayalakSmaNa sUrI jI) se pR. 280 4. (ka) mahAbaMdho bhA. 1 (prastAvanA) (paM. sumerucandra divAkara) se pR. 74-75 (kha) ArUDhAH prazamazreNiM zrutakevalino'pi c| . bhrAmyante'nantasaMsAramaho! duSTena krmnnaa|" -jinavANI karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka meM uddhRta pR. 123 (ga) samayasAra 157-159 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #460
438 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) banAkara eka zvAsa meM 18 bAra zarIra ke nirmANa aura dhvaMsa dvArA jIvana-maraNa ko pradarzita karatI hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA' meM kahA gayA hai"(karmarUpa) pudgala dravya kI koI aisI apUrvazakti dikhAI detI hai, jisake kAraNa jIva kA kevalajJAna-svabhAva bhI vinaSTa ho jAtA hai|" karmazakti : dhanAdi sabhI zaktiyoM se bar3hakara saMsAra meM dhanabala, pazubala, janabala, bhujabala Adi anekavidha zaktiyA~ dRSTigocara hotI haiM, parantu karma kI zakti ina sabase prabala evaM pracaNDa mAnI gaI hai| isI dRSTi se bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM karma kI balavattA batAte hue kahA gayA hai-"jagat ke sabhI balavAnoM se karma balavAn hai| karma se bar3hakara saMsAra meM koI balavAn nahIM hai| jaise-hAthI nalinIvana ko naSTa kara detA hai, vaise hI 'karmabala'2 samasta baloM kA mardana kara detA hai| paramAtma-prakAza meM bhI spaSTa kahA gayA hai-karma hI isa paMgu AtmA ko tInoM lokoM meM paribhramaNa karAtA hai| karma balavAn hai| ve bahuta haiN| unheM vinaSTa karanA azakya ho jAtA hai| ve cikane, bhArI aura vajra ke samAna durbhedya hote haiN| karmazakti ke sammukha manuSya kI bauddhika aura zArIrika zakti athavA jitanI bhI anya bhautika zaktiyA~ haiM, ve sabakI saba dharI raha jAtI haiN| anya saba bhautika zaktiyoM ko karmazakti ke Age natamastaka honA par3atA hai| kyA jainAgama, kyA mahAbhArata aura kyA anya dharmagrantha sabhI isa tathya ke sAkSI haiM ki karmarUpI mahAzakti ke sammukha manuSya kI sArI zaktiyA~ nagaNya haiM, tuccha haiN| __ manuSya bahuta-sI lambI-caur3I yojanAe~ taiyAra karatA hai, AkAza-pAtAla eka kara detA hai| mRtyu se bacane ke lie, jIvana meM Ane vAle saMkaToM se surakSA ke lie, tathA apane dhana, jana Adi kI rakSA evaM vRddhi ke lie aneka upAya socatA hai aura ajamAtA hai, kintu jaba use karma kA pracaNDa zaktizAlI daitya A gheratA hai, taba usake sAre manasUbe, evaM samasta upAya dhUla meM milA detA hai| itihAsa isa tathya-satya kA pUrNarUpa se 1. kA vi apuvvA dIsadi puggala-davvassa erisI sttii| kevalaNANa-sahAvo viNAsido jAi jiivss|| -kArtikeyAnuprekSA 211 2. "kammAI baliyAI balio kammAda Natthi koi jge|| savva balAI kamma maledi, hatthIva NaliNivanaM // " - bhagavatI ArAdhanA gA. 1621 3. paramAtma-prakAza (mUla) For Personal & Private Use Only

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kyA karma mahAzaktirUpa hai ? 439 samarthana kara rahA hai| saMsAra meM dainandina ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAe~ pUrNarUpa se isa anubhavasiddha tathya kI sAkSI haiN|' pracaNDa karmazakti ke Age bar3e-bar3e mahArathI parAsta mahAbhArata ke prasiddha nAyaka pANDavoM kI zakti ko kauna nahIM jAnatA ? parantu karmoM kI pracaNDa zakti ke Age unakI koI bhI zakti kAma na A skii| pANDuputra arjuna mahAbhArata ke saMgrAma meM apane sainyadala ke senApati the| ve itane adhika baliSTha the ki akele hI hajAroM vyaktiyoM ko pIche dhakela dete the, kintu karmazakti ke Age ve bhI parAsta ho ge| ___ mahAbhArata kahatA hai ki pUrvakRta karmodayavaza pANDavoM ko bAraha varSa taka vanavAsa ke uparAnta eka varSa kA ajJAtavAsa bhI rAjA virATa kI nagarI meM vyatIta karanA pdd'aa| ajJAtavAsa kI zarta bar3I kaThora thii| duryodhana Adi kauravoM ko patA na cala sake, isa prakAra se gupta veSa meM chipakara samaya-yApana karanA thaa| jinake yahA~ saikar3oM dAsa-dAsiyA~ sevA meM tainAta rahatI thIM, usI pANDava-parivAra ko karmarAja ke prakopa ke kAraNa svayaM dAsa banakara rahanA par3A / mahAbalI arjuna bRhannalA ke nAma se napuMsaka ke rUpa meM rahakara rAjakumAriyoM ko nRtya evaM gAyanakalA sikhAyA karate the| prabala zaktimAn bhIma ne virATarAja kA rasoiyA banakara samaya bitaayaa| jisakI sevA meM saikar3oM dAsiyA~ rahatI thIM, usa mahArAnI draupadI ne sairindhrI ke nAma se dAsI banakara kAlayApana kiyaa| . eka pANDava parivAra kyA, hajAroM-lAkhoM una jaise zaktizAlI parivAra saMsAra meM hue haiM, jinakI zaktiyoM se, jinakI dhAka se eka dina saMsAra kAMpatA thA, lekina karmoM kI pracaNDa zakti ne unheM bhI pachAr3a diyaa| karmoM ke darabAra meM lAkhoM zaktizAlI yoddhAoM, cakravartiyoM, narendroM aura devendroM taka ko jhukanA pdd'aa| karmoM kI pracaNDa AMdhI ne unakI jar3eM ukhAr3a diiN| karmarUpI mahAzakti ke prakopa kI bhayaMkaratA . karma eka mahAzakti hai, isake Age kisI kA vaza nahIM cltaa| jisake jIvana para karmazakti kA prakopa ho jAtA hai, use atIva bhayAvaha evaM lomaharSaka paristhitiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| jana-sAdhAraNa kI bAta to jAne diijie| karmazakti ke prakopa kI bhayaMkaratA ne anantabalI 1. jJAna kA amRta (zrI jJAna muni jI ma.) pR. 12, 81 se sArAMza 2. vahI (paM. jJAnamuni jI ma.) pR. 81 For Personal & Private Use Only

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440 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) tIrthakara, SaTkhaNDAdhipati cakravartI, tIna khaNDa ke adhipati vAsudeva, mahAn aizvarya ke svAmI baladeva Adi mahAn zlAghya puruSoM ko bhI aise bhISaNa duHkha diye haiM, jinheM par3ha-sunakara tathA jinakA smaraNa karake rauMgaTe khar3e ho jAte haiN| jaina itihAsa isa tathya kA sAkSI hai ki Adi-tIrthakara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko bAraha mahIne taka apane kalpa-niyamAnusAra anna kA eka kaMNa bhI prApta nahIM huaa| pUrvakRta karmoM ke phalasvarUpa unheM. itane lambe kAla taka nirAhAra hI rahanA pdd'aa| zrIkRSNajI ke laghubhrAtA mahArAnI devakI ke lAla gajasukumAla muni ko 99 lAkha varSoM pUrva ke kRta-karma udaya Ane para somila vipra dvArA unake mastaka para khaira ke dhadhakate aMgAre rakhe ge| ayodhyAnareza satyavAdI harizcandra ko apanI rAnI tArA ke sahita kAzI ke bAjAra meM pazuoM kI bhAMti bikanA pdd'aa| pUrvakRtakarmodayavaza dharmavIra seTha sudarzana ko zUlI para laTaka jAnA pdd'aa| karmoM ke prakopa ke kAraNa munirAja skandakakumAra ko apane pAMca-sau ziSyoM ke sAtha sarasoM ke dAnoM kI bhAMti kolhU meM pilanA pdd'aa|' karma-mahAzakti ke prakopa ke viSaya meM eka AcArya kahate haiM "nIcargotrAvatArazcarama-jinapatermallinAthe'balAtvamandhya zrI brahmadatte bharata-nRpa-jayaH sarvanAzazca kRssnne| nirvANa nArade'pi prazama-pariNatiH syAccilAtIsUte vA, trailokyAzcaryaheturjayati vijayinI krm-nirmaann-shktiH|"2 isakA bhAvArtha yaha hai ki saMsAra kA sarvazreSTha pada tIrthakara hotA hai| ve uccakSatriyakula meM janma grahaNa karate haiM, phira bhI isa yuga ke antima tIrthakara zrI mahAvIra svAmI dazaveM prANata svarga se cyavakara RSabhadatta brAhmaNa kI patnI devAnandA kI kukSi meM avatarita hote haiN| tIrthakara hote hue bhI kSatriyetara kula meM avatIrNa honA karma-paravazatA kA paricAyaka hai| isI prakAra tIrthakara kA uttama puruSa ke rUpa meM avataraNa hotA hai, lekina unnIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI mallinAtha ne abalA (mahilA) ke rUpa meM avatAra pAyA, yaha bhI karma kI zaktimattA kA sUcaka hai| cakravartiyoM kA zarIra uttama lakSaNoM se yukta sarvAMga sundara evaM pUrNa svastha hotA hai, kintu brahmadatta cakravartI ko 1. (ka) jJAna kA amRta pR. 115 (pa. jJAnamuni jI) se (kha) antakRddazA sUtra (gajasukumAra prakaraNa) se 2. Atmatattva vicAra (pravaktA-vijayalakSmaNa sUrI jI) meM uddhRta zloka pR. 281 For Personal & Private Use Only

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kyA karma mahAzaktirUpa hai ? 441 solaha varSa taka andhatva bhoganA pdd'aa| yaha karmazakti-janita Azcarya nahIM to kyA hai ? mahAbaliSTha SaTkhaNDAdhIza bharata cakravartI apane laghubhrAtA bAhubalI se dvandvayuddha meM parAjita ho ge| yaha bhI karmazakti kA prabhAva thaa| trikhaNDAdhipati zrI kRSNa vAsudeva vilakSaNa zaktizAlI evaM apUrva Rddhi-siddhi ke svAmI the, kintu pracaNDa karmabala ke Age unakI bhI eka na clii| jIvana ke antima dinoM meM unakA lagabhaga sArA parivAra, parijana, sage-sambandhI Adi dvArikA ke dahana kI bheMTa car3ha ge| mAtA-pitA ko unhoMne bacAne kA bharasaka prayatna kiyA, kintu dvArikA ke mukhya dvAra kI zilA ke girane se ve bhI maraNa-zaraNa ho ge| ve aura unake bar3e bhAI balabhadra bace the| vana meM zrIkRSNa kI pipAsA zAnta karane hetu balabhadra jala lene gae aura udhara jarAkumAra ke bANa se zrI kRSNa jI kA dehAvasAna ho gyaa| isa sarvanAza kA kAraNa karmagati nahIM to kyA hai? durdAnta dasyu hatyArA cilAtIputra jo eka dina ghora pApakarmoM se AkrAnta thA, zubhakarmoM ke udaya se vaha zAnti aura samatA kA dhanI bana gyaa| nArada ke jIvana meM nirvANa kI pariNati bhI karmasattA kI paricAyikA hai| isa prakAra tInoM lokoM meM karma kI AzcaryotpAdikA nirmANa zakti sarvopari vijayinI hai|" karmazakti se prabhAvita jIvana , ____ karmazakti kI pratikUlatA yA prakupita vakradRSTi ke kAraNa hI carama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ko sAr3he bAraha varSa anekAneka asahya evaM bhISaNa upasargoM aura kaSToM kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| manuSyoM, tiryaJcoM aura devoM ne unake jIvana meM yAtanAoM kA eka jAla-sA bichA diyA thaa| yadyapi ve caturvidhazramaNa saMgha ke adhinAyaka, evaM sarvesarvA the, kintu chadmastha avasthA ke daurAna saMgama deva dvArA ghora kaSTa diyA gyaa| eka gvAle ne unake kAnoM meM kIle Thoka diye| kahIM guptacara samajhakara ve giraphtAra kiye ge| kahIM una para bhayaMkara prahAra bhI hue| jaba ve anAryadeza meM padhAre, taba to anAryoM ne unheM kaSTa dene meM koI kasara nahIM rkhii| una para zikArI kutte chor3e gae; jinhoMne unake zarIra se mAMsa noca-noca kara khaayaa| lAThI, DaMDoM, DheloM Adi se una para nirdayatApUrvaka prahAra kiyaa| unheM taraha-taraha se apamAnita kiyaa| kevalajJAnI tIrthakara banane para bhI unake bhUtapUrva ziSya gozAlaka dvArA una para tejolezyA chor3I gii| yadyapi vaha tejolezyA unakA prANAnta nahIM kara sakI, phira bhI unake zarIra meM kaI dinoM taka 1. Atmatattva vicAra (pravaktA-vijayalakSmaNa sUrI jI) se sAra-saMkSipta pR. 285-287 For Personal & Private Use Only

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442 karma-vijJAnaM : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3). raktAtisAravyAdhi pIr3A pahu~cAtI rhii| yaha saba pUrvakRta nikAcita karmoM ke avazyameva phaladAyinI zakti kA prabhAva thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana eka taraha se pracaNDa karmazakti se prabhAvita jIvana thaa|' karma kI gati atyanta gahana - karma kI dazA aura gati atyanta gahana hai| zrI kRSNa jI ke bAlyakAla ke mitra sudAmA karma kI gahanatA ko abhivyakta karate hue karate haiM-"hama donoM eka hI guru ke ziSya, sahapAThI the, kintu hama donoM meM se eka (kRSNa) pRthvIpati ho gayA, aura maiM dAne-dAne kA mohatAja bana gyaa| isalie karma kI gati atyanta gahana dikhAI detI hai|"2 karma kI gati ko bar3e-bar3e RSi, muni, mahAtmA aura avatArI puruSa bhI bhalIbhAMti jAna nahIM ske| saMsAra meM jitane bhI duHkha, kleza evaM kaSTa dikhAI dete haiM, jo bhI azAnta evaM vikSubdha vAtAvaraNa dikhAI detA hai, una sabhI ke pIche karma kI gahana zakti aura gati kAma kara rahI hai| saMkSepa meM kaheM to, saMsAra meM sabhI choTe-bar3e jIva karma ke prakopa se trasta haiM, duHkhita haiN| karmazakti kI vilakSaNatA karmazakti kI vilakSaNatA vyakta karate hue eka hindI ke kavi kahate "sItA ko haraNa bhayo, lakA ko jaraNa bhayoH rAvaNa-maraNa bhayo, satI ke sarApa te| pANDava-araNya bhayo, drupada-sutA ko sAtha; bhAmA (satyabhAmA) ko Darana bhayo, nArada-milApa te|| rAma-vanavAsa gayo, sItA-avisAsa bhayo; dvArikA-vinAza bhayo, yogI ke durApa te|| 1. (ka) jJAna kA amRta (paM. jJAnamuni jI ma.) pR. 115 se sArAMza (kha) dekhiye kalpasUtra meM mahAvIra jIvana (ga) bhagavAn mahAvIra : eka anuzIlanaH (upAcArya devendramuni) (gha) bhagavatIsUtra za. 15 (Ga) 'mahAvIracariya se 2. (ka) 'gahanA karmaNo gatiH' - bhagavadgItA (kha) gahana dIse che karmanI gati, eka gurunA vidyaarthii| te thaI baiTho pRthvIpati, mArA gharamA raja nthii|" -sudAmA kathana (karmano siddhAnta) pR. 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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kyA karma mahAzaktirUpa hai ? 443 bar3e-bar3e rAjA kete, saMkaTa sahe aneka sohana bakhAnA eka karma ke pratApa te||" eka vAkya meM kaheM to-'yaha saba karmazakti ke prakopa kA pariNAma hai| vastutaH karmazakti kA prakopa bar3A hI bhayaMkara hotA hai| usake sAmane kisI kA vaza nahIM cltaa| saMsAra kI bar3I se bar3I zakti ko bhI usake Age natamastaka honA par3atA hai|' karmazakti kA prakopa kitanA bhayakara? ___ yaha karmoM kI zakti kA hI prakopa thA ki sagara cakravartI ko eka sAtha apane 60 hajAra putroM ke maraNajanya viyoga kA kaSTa bhoganA pdd'aa| chaha khaNDa ke adhipati sanatkumAra cakravartI ko 16 mahA bhayaMkara rogoM kA zikAra honA pdd'aa| jisa rAjAdhirAja ke samakSa 32000 mukuTabaddha rAjA mastaka jhukAyA karate the, hajAroM deva jinakI sevA kiyA karate the; unakI kaMcana-sI kAyA ko kor3ha sarIkhe duHkhada rogoM ne dhara dbocaa| maryAdA-puruSottama bhagavAn rAma ko rAjyAbhiSeka ke sthAna para vanavAsa milaa| ve 14 varSa taka vana-vana kI khAka chAnate rhe| pUrvakRta ghora karma ke phalasvarUpa dazaratha kA dehAnta tulasI rAmAyaNa ke anusAra rAjA dazaratha maryAdA puruSottama bhagavAn rAma ke pitA the| parantu tAlAba se pAnI bharate hue zravaNa kumAra ko vanyapazu samajhakara anajAne meM tIra chor3A, jisase zravaNa kumAra kI jIvanalIlA samApta ho gii| zravaNa kumAra ke mAtA-pitA ko jaba apane putra ke maraNajanya viyoga kA patA calA to unakI antarAtmA atyanta duHkhita huii| anajAne meM hue usa ghora karma ke phalasvarUpa rAjA dazaratha kI mRtyu apane jyeSTha-putra zrI rAma ke viraha meM huii| zrI kRSNa para janma se lekara mRtyu taka karmoM kI kAlI chAyA trikhaNDAdhipati karmayogI zrIkRSNa vAsudeva bhautika dRSTi se saba prakAra se samRddha the| parantu unheM bhI pUrvakRta karma ke phalasvarUpa bacapana meM ghora kaSTa sahane par3e the| kaMsa ke kArAgAra meM prahariyoM ke kaThora paharoM meM unakA janma huaa| janma se pahale hI mauta maMDarA rahI thii| phira mAtA-pitA se dUra rahakara gokula meM gopAlanAyaka nanda aura yazodA ke yahA~ bar3e hue| 1. jJAna kA amRta (paM. jJAnamuni jI) se uddhRta pR. 116-117 2. vahI, pR. 115 se saMkSipta 3. rAmacarita mAnasa se| For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma - vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa ( 3 ) isa bIca bhI mauta kI kAlI chAyA una para maMDarAtI rhii| kaMsa aura jarAsaMdha Adi ke dvArA unako mArane ke kaI SaDyaMtra race ge| parantu prabalapuNya karmavaza ve hara bAra bace rhe| kintu kaMsa aura jarAsandha ke ghora atyAcAra ke kAraNa unheM yAdavagaNa ko lekara brajabhUmi se kUca karake sudUra dvArikA nagarI basA kara rahanA pdd'aa| 444 isa para bhI unake sAtha lage hue karmoM ne unakA piNDa nahIM chodd'aa| unheM apanI A~khoM ke sAmane hI dvArikA nagarI evaM svajana - parijanoM kA vinAza dekhanA pdd'aa| karmazakti ke prakopa se bar3e-bar3e tejasvI mahArathiyoM ke jIvana nisteja aura khedakhinna ho jAte haiM / " brahmadatta cakravartI para karmazakti kA prakopa brahmadatta cakravartI asAdhAraNa zakti sampanna evaM apAra Rddhi tathA aizvarya kA svAmI thA, kintu karmoM kI zakti ke prakopa ke Age usakA kucha bhI vaza nahIM claa| apane upakArI eka brahmaNa ko apane rAjya meM pratyeka ghara se pratidina saparivAra bhojana karane kI svIkRti de dI thii| eka dina jaba cakravartI ke yahA~ bhojana karane kI bArI AI to cakravartI ne usase savinaya kahA - "vipravara ! mere yahA~ kA bhojana Apako paca nahIM sakegA, vaha mujhe hI paca sakatA hai, isalie isa Agraha ko chor3a deN| maiM Apake bhojana kI anyatra acchI vyavasthA kara detA hU~ / " lekina ukta brAhmaNaM apane Agraha para ar3A rahA ki Aja to maiM Apake yahA~ hI saparivAra bhojana kruuNgaa| brahmadatta cakravartI ne usakA atyAgraha dekhakara usakI bAta mAna lii| cakravartI ke rAjamahala meM vaha ThIka samaya para sakuTumba bhojana ke lie pahu~ca gyaa| sabakI thAlI meM tIvra mAdaka vastuoM se banAyA huA bhojana parosA gyaa| usa bhojana ne brAhmaNa parivAra kI manovRtti badala dii| unake hoza guma ho ge| ve bhAna bhUlakara kAmottejanAvaza ayogya ceSTAe~ karane lge| subaha jaba nazA utarA to apane ayogya vyavahAra ke lie atyanta lajjita hue| brAhmaNa ke mana meM yaha zaMkA pakkI ho gaI ki "brahmadatta ne mujhe jAna-bUjha kara kucha khilA diyA, jisase merI hAlata aisI bigar3a gii| isakA badalA liye binA nahIM choDUMgA / " aisA dRr3ha nizcaya karake vaha isI avasara kI phirAka meM thaa| eka dina vaha eka jaMgala meM hokara jA rahA thA ki eka nizAnebAja gvAlA mila gayA jo gulela se pIpala ke pattoM meM cheda kara rahA thaa| brAhmaNa ne usake pAsa 1. (ka) mahAbhArata se (kha) zrImadbhAgavata se (ga) jJAna kA amRta pR. 17. For Personal & Private Use Only

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- kyA karma mahAzaktirUpa hai ? 445 mauharoM kI thailI rakha dii| gvAlA bolA-"mere yogya koI sevA ho to btlaaie|" brAhmaNa ne use kahA-"maiM tumheM jo AdamI batAU~, usakI donoM A~kheM gulela se phor3a do|" brAhmaNa ke batAye anusAra gvAle ne brahmadatta kI donoM A~kheM phor3a diiN| gvAlA niraphtAra kara liyA gyaa| usane sAre SaDyaMtra kA bhaMDAphor3a kara diyaa| phalataH brahmadatta ke Adeza se pratidina thAla bhara kara brAhmaNoM kI A~kheM nikAla kara usake samakSa prastuta kI jAtIM aura vaha (brahmadatta) unheM apane hAthoM se sparza karake masala kara Ananda kA anubhava karatA thaa| 16 varSa vaha jIvita rahA, taba taka yaha nitya krama calatA rhaa| isa ghora krUratama karma ke phalasvarUpa andhA banA huA brahmadatta cakravartI marakara sAtaveM naraka kA atithi bnaa| yaha thA karmazakti kA adbhuta khela, jisane brahmadatta cakravartI jaise ko pUrvakRta duSkarmoM ke phalasvarUpa andhA banAyA, aura andhatva-prApti ke pazcAt kiye hue ghoratama krUrakarmoM ke phalasvarUpa saptama naraka kI yAtanA bhogane ke lie bAdhya kara diyaa| karmazakti ke kAraNa hI vibhinna gatiyo-yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa jisa prakAra phuTabAla ke maidAna meM phuTabAla (dar3A) kabhI idhara kabhI udhara ThokareM khAtA phiratA hai, vaise hI yaha jIva bhI karmoM se ba~dhA huA saMsAra kI krIr3AbhUmi meM anAdikAla se ThokareM khAtA calA A rahA hai| karmoM ke kAraNa kabhI tiryaMcagati meM jAkara zera, bAgha, sAMpa, bicchU Adi pazu kI, aura kabhI pakSI kI, aura kIr3e-makaur3e Adi kITa-paMtagoM kI vividha avasthAe~ prApta karatA hai| kabhI manuSyagati meM aura kabhI deva gati meM bhI kRtakarmoM ke anusAra jIva jAtA hai| aura kabhI naraka ke bhISaNa duHkhoM kI jvAlAoM meM jalatA rahatA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki karmarUpI mahAbalI jIva ko apane-apane karmAnusAra saMsAra ke svarga, naraka, manuSya aura tiryaMca sabhI sthAnoM kI saira karAtA hai| isa dRSTi se yaha kahanA adhika saMgata hai ki jaise bIja se vRkSa aura vRkSa kA pariNAma punaH bIja rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai, isI prakAra karma 1. Atma-tattva vicAra (vijayalakSmaNasUrI jI ma.) se sArAMza pR. 283-284 1. dekhiye uttarAdhyayana meM-egayA devaloesu naraesu vi egyaa| egayA Asura kAya, AhAkammehi gcchii|| egayA khattio hoi, tao cAMDAla vukkso| tao kIDapayaMgo ya tao kuNthu-piviiliyaa|| -uttarAdhyayana a. 3/3-4 / . . For Personal & Private Use Only

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446 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) karane aura unakA sukha-duHkha rUpa phala bhogane meM saMsArI jIva lagA rahatA hai| karmoM ko bhogate-bhogate AtmA kAma, krodha, mada-mohAdi maloM se lipta hokara phala bhogate samaya aura naye-naye karma arjita kara letI hai| isa prakAra karma kA pariNAma phala aura phala kA pariNAma karma rUpa meM udita hokara ajasra gati se karmacakra calatA rahatA hai| aura eka ke bAda eka janma grahaNa karatA calA jAtA hai| isa karmacakra kA kabhI anta AtA dikhAI nahIM detaa| aisI sthiti meM prAyaH sAmAnya jIva ko karma kI sabalatA pratIta hotI hai, karmazakti hI AtmA para hAvI hotI jAtI hai|' rAjavArtika meM karmazakti kA paricaya dete hue kahA gayA hai-"sukhaduHkha kI utpatti meM karma balAdhAna hetu hai| cakSurdarzanAvaraNa aura vIryAntarAya ke kSayopazama se tathA aMgopAMga nAma-karma ke avaSTambha (bala) se cakSudarzana kI zakti utpanna hotI hai|" bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM batAyA gayA haiasAtAvedanIya kA udaya ho to auSadhiyA~ bhI sAmarthyahIna ho jAtI haiN| sarvArthasiddhi bhI isI kA samarthana karatI hai-prabala zrutAvaraNa ke udaya se zrutajJAna kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| samayasAra bhI isI tathya kA samarthaka haiM"samyakdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra' ke pratibandhaka kramazaH mithyAtva, ajJAna evaM kaSAya nAmaka karma hai| karmarUpI sUtradhAra kI vilakSaNa zakti isa karmazakti ke kAraNa hI jIva ko U~Ta, hAthI, baila, makkhI, macchara Adi kA nAnA AkAra-prakAra, DIla-Daula, saundarya-asaundarya, AdeyatAanAdeyatA, acchI-burI prakRti Adi prApta hotI hai| saMsAra meM aisA kauna-sA kArya hai, jo karmazakti kI paridhi ke bAhara ho| nATaka meM abhinaya karAne vAle sUtradhAra ke saMketa ke anusAra kArya hotA hai, usI prakAra saMsArarUpI nATaka kA abhinaya karAne vAlA karmarUpI mahAbalI sUtradhAra hai, jo jIvoM ko apane-apane karmAnusAra hInatA-uccatA, vakratA-saralatA, samalatA-vimalatA Adi vibhinna bhAvoM kA abhinaya karAtA hai| ataH karmarUpI sUtradhAra kI vilakSaNa zakti hI saMsAra kA vicitra nATaka karAne meM samartha hai| 1. jinavANI (karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka) meM prakAzita lekha se pR. 149 2. (ka) rAjavArtika 5/24/9/488/21, tathA 1/15/13/61/15 (kha) bhagavatI ArAdhanA mUla 1610 (ga) sarvArtha siddhi 1/20/101/2 (gha) samayasAra mUla 161-163 3. mahAbaMdho bhA..1 prastAvanA (paM. sumerucandra divAkara) se sArAMza pR.75 For Personal & Private Use Only

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kyA karma mahAzaktirUpa hai ? 447 karma aura AtmA donoM meM prabala zaktimAn kauna ? prazna hotA hai - karma meM jisa prakAra ananta zakti hai, usI prakAra AtmA meM bhI to ananta zakti hai| donoM samAna zakti vAle haiM, phira kyA kAraNa hai ki karma AtmA kI zakti ko dabA detA hai, AtmA ke svabhAva aura guNoM para hAvI ho jAtA hai ? kyA Atmazakti karmazakti se Takkara nahIM le sakatI ?1 isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki nizcayadRSTi se AtmA meM ananta zakti hai; ve zaktiyA~ do prakAra kI haiM - (1) labdhivIrya (yogyatAtmaka zakti) aura (2) karaNavIrya (kriyAtmaka zakti) / vartamAna meM saMsArI AtmA meM yogyatAtmaka zakti to hai lekina kriyAtmaka zakti utanI prakaTa nahIM ho skii| isIlie vyavahAranaya se dekheM to vartamAna meM AtmA kI ananta zakti bAdhita hai, avaruddha hai, AvRta hai, dabI huI hai, vaha pUrNarUpa se vikasita nahIM hai| AtmA kI zakti pUrNarUpa se vikasita hone para hI ananta hotI hai| ) isa kAraNa AtmA prArambha meM alpazaktimAn hotA hai, kintu dhIredhIre manuSyajanma pAkara jaba apanI una suSupta, bAdhita yA AvRta zaktiyoM ko jagAtA aura vikasita karatA hai, aura eka dina una zaktiyoM kI paripUrNatA taka pahu~ca jAtA hai, taba vaha karmazakti ko, cAhe vaha kitanI hI prabala ho, pachAr3a detA hai| parantu jaba taka apanI ananta zakti ko paripUrNa vikasita nahIM kara letA, taba taka vaha alpazaktimAn hotA hai, usa daurAna karmazakti use bAra-bAra dabA sakatI hai, use badhita aura parAjita kara sakatI hai| samayasAra meM kahA gayA hai- jahA~ taka jIva kI nirbalatA hai, vahA~ taka karma kA jora calatA hai| karma jIva ko parAbhUta kara dete haiN| yaha nizcita samajha lenA cAhie ki AtmA kI paripUrNa vikasita ananta zakti karma kI ananta zakti se kahIM adhika prabala hotI hai| ' ) jaise - do manuSyoM, do ghor3oM, do hAthiyoM kI balavattA meM antara yA tAratamya hotA hai, usI prakAra karma aura AtmA ina donoM kI anantatA meM antara yA tAratamya hotA hai| arthAt - eka ananta mahAbalI aura dUsarA alpabalI yA durbala ho sakatA hai| jaba AtmA balavAn hotA hai, to usake sAmane karma kI zakti nagaNya ho jAtI hai aura jaba karma prabala hotA hai, usake Age AtmA ko jhukanA-dabanA par3atA hai| 1. dharma aura darzana ( upAcArya devendra muni) se sArAMza pR. 46. 2. (ka) Atma-tattva vicAra (zrI vijayalakSmaNa sUrI jI) se sArAMza pR. 280 (kha) samayasAra 317/ka- 198 (paM. jayacaMda) For Personal & Private Use Only

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448 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) isa tathya ko bhalIbhAMti samajhane ke lie eka udAharaNa lIjie-jaba jIvakRta koI karma tapa, japa, tyAga, saMyama, dhyAna, cAritra sAdhanA Adi AdhyAtmika sAdhanoM se, satpuruSArtha se naSTa kara diyA jAtA hai, taba AtmA balavAna dikhAI detI hai, kintu jaba karma tapa, tyAga, saMyama Adi se kSINa nahIM kiyA jAtA, yA vaha nikAcita rUpa se ba~dha jAtA hai, taba jIvAtmA ke chakke chur3A detA hai| taba zaktizAlI karma use narakAdi durgatiyoM meM le jAkara yAtanAoM ke mahAsAgara meM paTaka detA hai|' isI dRSTi se 'vizeSAvazyaka bhASya-gaNadharavAda' meM kahA gayA hai"kabhI karma balavAna hote haiM aura kabhI (AtmA) jIva balavattara ho jAtA hai| (AtmA) jIva aura karma meM isa prakAra pUrvAparaviruddha Takkara hotI rahatI hai|" Azaya yaha hai ki kabhI jIva, kAla Adi labdhiyoM kI anukUlatA hone para karmoM ko pachAr3a detA hai aura kabhI karmoM kI bahulatA hone para jIva unase daba jAtA hai| dvitIya vizvayuddha prArambha huA, taba briTena aura phrAMsa ke sainika burI taraha hAra rahe the, cAroM ora hiTalara kA jaya-jayakAra ho rahA thaa| aisA pratIta hotA thA ki hiTalara kI senA zIghra hI samasta dezoM ko jIta legI aura hiTalara vizvavijetA ke rUpa meM prakaTa ho jaaegaa| kintu dIrghakAla taka yuddha claa| isI bIca paristhitiyA~ isa hada taka badalIM ki hiTalara hAra gayA aura use AtmahatyA karanI pdd'ii| AtmA aura karma ke yuddha meM bhI ThIka aisI hI sthiti dikhalAI par3atI hai|' vastutaH AtmA kI zakti hI prabala bAhya dRSTi se dekhane para karma kI zakti hI prabala dikhAI detI hai; parantu vAstava meM AtmA kI zakti hI prabala hai| sthUla dRSTi vAle loga vyavahAra ke yA sAdhanA ke kSetra meM bhramavaza yaha kaha baiThate haiM ki karma kA kucha aisA hI yoga hai ki maiM yaha tyAga, tapa, saMyama yA sAdhanA nahIM kara skuuNgaa| mAnA ki karma balavAn hai, parantu AtmA kI cetanAzakti usase bhI prabala hai| ataH karma hI saba kucha hai athavA karma sarvazakti sampanna hai, usI kI sArvabhauma sattA hai, aisA mAnanA bahuta bar3I bhrAnti hogaa| karma bhI eka niyaMtrita tattva hai| usa para bhI aMkuza hai| vaha aisA niraMkuza nahIM hai ki 1. (ka) Atma-tattva vicAra (zrI vijayalakSmaNasUrI jI) se sArAMza pR. 280 (kha) jJAna kA amRta se sArAMza pR. 115 2. kattha vi balio jIvo, kattha vi kammAI huti bliyaaii| jIvassa ya kammassa ya, puvva viruddhAI veraaii| -vizeSAvazyakabhASya gaNadharavAda 2/25 3. Atmatattva vicAra (zrI vijayalakSmaNasUrI jI) pR. 281 se For Personal & Private Use Only

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kyA karma mahAzaktirUpa hai ? 449 cAhe jo kucha kara de| karmazakti prabala hotI hai cetana kA saMyoga pAkara (karma meM svayaM meM binA kAraNa kisI ko sukha-duHkha Adi pradAna karane kI zakti nahIM hai| karma meM vaha zakti cetanA dvArA pradatta hotI hai| rAgadveSAdi yA kaSAyayukta cetana kA saMyoga pAkara Atma-pradezoM meM kampana hotA hai| phalataH jaise kemarA AkRti ko, reDiyo dhvani ko aura cumbaka lohe ko apanI ora khIMca letA hai vaise hI kaSAyAdi yukta AtmA karmavargaNA ke pudgaloM ko khIMca letA hai| karmapudgagala AkRSTa hokara cipaka jAte haiN| isa prakAra karma kI zakti balavattara ho jAtI hai|) AtmA ke caitanya-svabhAva kA svataMtra aura pRthak astitva hI karma para sarvaprathama aMkuza hai| AtmA kA svataMtra svabhAva hai, vaha cetanAzIla tattva kabhI apane svabhAva ko tor3ane yA naSTa hone nahIM detaa| yahI kAraNa hai, karma kI zakti AtmA para cAhe jitanA prabhAva DAle, kintu vaha usa para ekachatra zAsana nahIM kara sktii| jaba AtmA sabhAna hokara apane soye hue zuddha caitanya svabhAva ko jagA letA hai, taba karma kI sattA hI DagamagA jAtI hai| kitanA hI ghanA andhakAra ho, prakAza ke Ate hI vaha bhAga jAtA hai| jyoM hI Atma-cetanA jAga jAtI hai, karma svataH samApta hone laga jAte haiN| karma tabhI taka TikatA hai, jaba taka AtmA ke apane svarUpa aura svabhAva kA jAgaraNa nahIM hotaa| karmavijJAna marmajJoM ke samakSa jaba yaha prazna upasthita huA to unhoMne mukti-tarka-purassara uttara diyA-yathArtha meM AtmA kI zakti ke Age karma kI zakti kucha nahIM hai| yadi AtmA ko tejomaya, ojapUrNa aura sabhAna banA leyA jAe tathA AtmA ko apanI zakti kA pUrNataH jJAna-bhAna ho jAe, apanI zakti para use dRr3ha zraddhA evaM saccI niSThA ho, to AtmA meM bAhya karmoM para niyaMtraNa karane kI kSamatA prApta ho jAtI hai| AtmA meM antarviveka kA yaha prakAza jagamagA uThe ki "maiMne hI makar3I kI taraha karmoM kA jAla bachAyA hai| merI hI ajJAnajanita bhUloM, truTiyoM aura mohamUlaka bhrAntiyoM kAraNa yaha karma kA pasArA hai|" yadi AtmA AtmajAgRti kI gaharI raMgar3AI lekara uTha khar3A ho evaM apanI virodhI kaSAyAdi zaktiyoM aura rmoM se lar3ane ke lie udyata ho jAe to karmajAla ke chinna-bhinna hote dera na . (ka) karmavAda : eka adhyayana (sureza muni) se pR. 18 (kha) karmavAda (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) se sAra saMkSipta pR. 102 karmavAda (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) se sArAMza pR. 102 / / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #472
450 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) lge|' karmazakti ko parAsta kiyA jA sakatA hai| karmacakra kI anavarata gati se yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki pratyeka AtmA ke lie yaha krama zAzvata hI rhegaa| tapa, tyAga, saMyama aura samatva kI sAdhanA ke dvArA utkRSTa pAtratA pAkara AtmA karmacakra kI isa gati ko samApta kara sakatI hai| AtmA karmacakra meM grasta tabhI hotI hai, jaba vaha rAga, dveSa, moha, krodhAdi kaSAyoM ke Avega ke kAraNa karmabandhanoM se baddha ho jAtI hai| vyakti cAhe to svayaM ko ina vikAroM se bacAkara bandhanamuktaM rakha sakatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yaha sandeza una karma-mukti- gaveSakoM ke lie parama preraka ho sakatA hai - " AtmahitaiSI vyakti pApa-karmavarddhaka krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha, ina cAra kaSAyoM kA tyAga kara de|" krodhAdi kaSAya hI karmoM ke mUla srota haiN| jaba ye naSTa kara diye jAte haiM to inakI nIMva para sthita karmarUpI prAsAda svataH hI dharAzAyI ho jAtA hai| AtmA meM svataH aisI zakti hai ki vaha cAhe to karmacakra ko sthagita kara sakatI hai, svayaM bandhana ko kATa sakatI hai| karma cAhe jitane hI zaktizAlI hoM, AtmA usase bhI adhika zaktisampanna hai| jaise agni ke bar3hate hue kaNoM ko rokA jA sakatA hai, vaise hI AtmA meM praviSTa evaM vRddhi pAte hue vijAtIya karmaparamANuoM ko bhI rokA jA sakatA hai| AtmA kI zakti karma kI zakti se adhika kyoM ? sthUla dRSTi se dekheM to pAnI mulAyama aura patthara kaThora mAlUma hotA hai, kintu pahAr3a para se dhArA pravAha bahane vAlA mulAyama pAnI bar3I-bar3I kaThora caTTAnoM meM bhI cheda DAlakara unake Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara DAlatA hai| lohA pAnI se kaThora pratIta hotA hai, kintu usI lohe ko pAnI ke samparka meM rakhane para vaha use jaMga lagAkara kATa DAlatA hai| isI prakAra sthUla dRSTi se kaThora pratIta hone vAle karmoM ko AtmA ke tapa, tyAga, saMyama Adi zastroM se tor3A jA sakatA hai| karma sthUladRSTi se balavAn pratIta hotA hai, kintu 1. ( ka ) jinavANI karma siddhAnta meM prakAzita lekha se pR. 149 (kha) karmavAda : eka adhyayana (surezamuni) se sArAMza pR. 19 (ga) dharma aura darzana ( upAcArya devendra muni) pR. 47 se 2. (ka) jinavANI karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka meM prakAzita lekha se pR. 149 (kha) kohaM mANaM ca mAyaM ca, lobhaM ca pAvavaDDhaNaM / vame cattAri dose u, icchanto hiyamappaNo // 1 For Personal & Private Use Only - dazavaikAlika 8/3

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kyA karma mahAzaktirUpa hai ? 451 balavAn hai vastutaH AtmA hii| AtmA kI zakti karma se adhika hai| apanI zaktiyoM kA bhAna hote hI AtmA, karmazakti ko pachAr3a sakatA hai vAstava meM AtmA ko jaba taka apane svarUpa aura zaktiyoM kA jJAnabhAna nahIM hotA, taba taka vaha karmoM ko apane se adhika zaktizAlI samajhakara unase dabA rahatA hai| aisI sthiti meM jaba AtmA apanI zakti ke 'srota ko vismRta ho jAtA hai, taba karma usa para hAvI ho jAte haiM, parantu jaba AtmA ko apanI zaktiyoM kA bhAna ho jAtA hai, vaha bhedavijJAna kA mahAn astra hAtha meM le letA hai taba AtmA Upara aura karma nIce hotA hai| vIra hanumAn ko jaba taka apane sva-rUpa kA, sva-zakti kA parijJAna nahIM huA thA, taba taka vaha nAgapAza meM ba~dhA rahA, rAvaNa kI ThokareM khAtA rahA aura apamAna ke kaTu cUMTa pItA rahA; kintu jyoM hI use svarUpa kA bhAna huA, tyoM hI vaha nAgapAza tor3akara bandhanamukta ho gyaa| ___ eka bAra sandhyA ke jhuTapuTe meM eka siMhazizu apanI mA~ se bichur3akara eka jhAr3I meM chipa gayA thaa| eka gar3ariyA bhI bher3oM ke jhuNDa se pRthak hue bacce ko DhU~Dha rahA thaa| jhAr3I meM dubake hue siMhazizu ko dekhakara usane usa para do cAra lAThiyA~ jamA diiN| aura use bher3oM ke Tole meM le aayaa| aba vaha siMhazizu apane svarUpa aura zakti ko bhUla kara svayaM ko bher3a samajhane lgaa| eka dina nadI meM pAnI pIte samaya usane apanI ceharA dekhA to bher3oM se pRthak mAlUma huaa| saMyogavaza nadI ke usa pAra eka babbarazera A gyaa| usakI garjanA aura AkRti dekhI to use apane svarUpa kA bhAna huaa| usa siMhazizu ne jyoM hI apanI pUrI zakti lagA kara garjanA kI; tyoM hI saba bher3eM bhAga khar3I huii| isI prakAra AtmA bhI anAdikAla se kaSAya aura rAga-dveSa-moha se grasta hokara sva-svarUpa ko bhUlA huA hai, jaba ise apane asalI svarUpa kA bhAna ho jAtA hai aura apanA parAkrama kaSAyAdi vikAroM ko jItane aura karmoM ko tor3ane meM karatA hai, taba karmazakti Atmazakti ke sAmane nagaNya ho jAtI hai| upAdhyAya zrI devendra jI isI tathya kA samarthana karate haiM "ajakulagata kesarI lahai re, nijapada siMha nihaal| tima prabhu bhakte bhavI lahai re, Atama zakti sNbhaal||" 1. dharma aura darzana (upAcArya devendramuni) se pR. 47 2. dharma aura darzana (upAcArya devendramuni) se pR. 47 / / 3. adhyAtma darzana (Anandaghana caubIsI padmagna bhASya) RSabhajina stavana se saaraaNsh| 4. devacandra caubIsI (ajita jina stavana) se For Personal & Private Use Only

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452 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) karmazakti para Atmazakti vijayI na ho to sAdhanA nirarthaka 'karmazakti para AtmA kI zakti kI vijaya avazya ho sakatI hai, . agara isa mAnyatA ko ThukarA deM to kaThora tapazcaraNa, utkRSTa tyAgavairAgya, saMyama, parISahajaya, cAritrapAlana, ratnatraya-sAdhanA Adi saba meM puruSArtha karanA nirarthaka ho jaaegaa| usa puruSArtha kA tathA sAdhudharma aura zrAvakadharma ke pAlana kA kyA artha raha jAegA? jaba sAdhaka ko sadaiva parAjita khilAr3I yA hAre hue pahalavAna hI rahanA hai, yadi usake bhAgya meM : sadA hAra hI likhI hai, taba phira karmoM ke sAtha saMgharSa karane, kaSAyAdi vikAroM ke sAtha yuddha karane aura dharmasAdhanA meM puruSArtha karane kA kyA prayojana raha jAegA? karmavijetA tIrthaMkaroM ne karmazakti para vijaya kA sandeza diyA kintu jainadharma ke samasta tIrthaMkaroM ne aneka janmoM meM manuSya janma pAkara pUrvakRtakoM kI nirjarA karane aura naye karmoM ko Ane se rokane (saMvara karane) kA anavarata puruSArtha kiyA hai aura sampUrNa karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya karake mokSa prApta karane kI sAdhanA kI hai| aura unhoMne mokSa kA lakSaNa bhI samasta karmoM kA kSaya ho jAnA batAyA hai| usakI prakriyA bhI pUrvakarma-kSaya aura nUtana karmanirodha kI batAI hai| jainAgamoM meM yatra-tatra kahA gayA hai ki tapazcaraNa se purAtana pApoM kA dhvaMsa tathA koTijanmoM ke saMcita karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| unhoMne spaSTa udghoSaNA kI hai ki bAhyAbhyantara tapazcaryA ke amogha zastra se karmajAla ko chinna-bhinna karake AtmA sadA-sarvadA ke lie vItarAga, karmavijetA aura karmamukta bana sakatA hai| kahA bhI hai-jaise svarNa meM rahe hue mala ko agni kA tApa, tathA dUdha aura pAnI ko haMsa kI coMca pRthak kara detI hai, vaise hI prANI ke karmamala ko tapasyA pRthak kara detI hai| ananta-ananta tIrthakara aura vItarAga-pathAnugAmI asaMkhya sAdhu, sAdhviyoM kI AtmA ne karmazakti para vijaya prApta kI hai| unhoMne sacce 1. karmavAda : eka adhyayana (surezamuni) se sArAMza 2. (ka) kRtsna karma kSayo mokSa-tatvArthasUtra 10/3 (kha) 'tavasA dhuNai puraannpaavgN|' (ga) 'taveNa vodANaM jnnyi|' (gha) bhavakoDI-saMciyaM kamma tavasA nijrijji| (Ga) 'evaM bhAvuvahANeNaM sujjhae kmmmtttthvihN|' 3. malaM svarNagataM vahniH, haMsaH kSIragata jlm| yathA pRthak karotyeva jantoH karmamala tpH|| - uttarA. 29/27 -uttarA. 30/6 -AcArAganiyukti 282 For Personal & Private Use Only

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kyA karma mahAzaktirUpa hai ? 453 karmavijetA banakara nirAza hatAza, karma- parAjita, karmaphala se udvigna jana-mAnasa ko yaha AzvAsanapUrNa sandeza diyA ki "maharSigaNa tapa aura saMyama ke dvArA apane pUrvakRta karmoM ko kSINa kara - unheM parAsta karake samasta duHkhoM ko naSTa karane kA parAkrama karate haiN| " 1 AtmavirodhI karma - mahAzakti para vijayI hI saccA vijetA unhoMne kahA ki "durjaya saMgrAma meM lAkhoM (subhaToM) ko jItane vAlA saccA vijetA nahIM, pratyuta apane Apa ko arthAt AtmA ke virodhI karmoM tathA kaSAyAdi vikAroM ko jItane vAlA hI saccA vijetA hai / pA~coM indriyoM (viSayoM ke prati rAga-dveSa) ko tathA krodhAdi cAra kaSAyoM ko, yAnI inake kAraNa azuddha bane hue durjaya AtmA aura usake durjaya karmoM ko jisane jIta liyA, usane saba kucha jIta liyA / " 2 * niSkarSa yaha hai ki yadyapi karma mahAzaktirUpa hai, kintu jaba AtmA ko apanI ananta zaktiyoM kA bhAna ho jAtA hai aura vaha bhedavijJAna kA mahAn astra hAtha meM uThA letA hai aura tapa-saMyama meM puruSArtha karatA hai, to karma usakA kucha bhI bAla bAMkA nahIM kara sakate / vastutaH vijayI hone kA zreya antataH AtmA ko hI milatA hai| 1. khavittA puvvakammAI saMjameNa taveNa ya / savva- dukkha pahINaTThA pakkamaMti mahesiNo // 2. jo sahassaM sahassANaM, saMgAme dujjae jiNe / evaM jiNejja appANaM, esa se paramo jao // paMciMdiyANi koha mANaM mAyaM taheva lohaM ca / dujjayaM caivamappANaM, savvaM appe jie jiyaM // - uttarAdhyayana 28/36 - uttarAdhyayanasUtra 9 / 34, 36 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #476
454 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) karma : mUrtarUpa yA amUrta Atma-guNarUpa ? karmazabda kA rUpa aura svarUpa : durgamya evaM gahana karma zabda itanA gahana aura jaTila hai ki usakA yathArtha rUpa aura svarUpa sahasA hRdayaMgama nahIM ho sktaa| yoM to bhAratIya jana-jana ke mana, vacana aura tana para karma zabda car3hA huA hai| jhopar3I se lekara mahaloM taka karma kI carcA AbAlavRddha kI jihvA para eka yA dUsare prakAra se hotI rahI hai, hotI rahatI hai| parantu karma ke yathArtha rUpa ko jAnane-samajhane kA upakrama koI viralA vyakti hI karatA hai| yA to vaha jisa dharma-sampradAyaparamparA kA hai, usake dvArA mAnya zAstroM-dharmagranthoM athavA guruoM se jaisA bhI sunatA-samajhatA hai, use hI A~kheM mUMdakara andhavizvAsa-pUrvaka mAna letA hai, athavA apane pUrvajoM, bujurgoM athavA kauTumbika paramparA ke saMskAravaza 'kama' kA rUpa aura svarUpa jAna letA hai| bhArata ke sabhI Astika darzanoM ne karma zabda para apane-apane DhaMga se vicAra prastuta kiyA hai| parantu pUrNa taTasthatA evaM niSpakSatA ke sAtha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'karma' ke rUpa aura svarUpa para jitanI gaharAI aura vaijJAnika DhaMga se vizleSaNa jainadarzana ne kiyA hai, utanA anya darzanoM meM nahIM miltaa| karma ko mUrtarUpa na mAnane kA kyA kAraNa ? kucha bhautikavAdI tathA cArvAka Adi pratyakSavAdI darzana apanI adUradarzitA athavA kevala bAhyadarzitA-pratyakSadarzitA ko lekara karma ke rUpa aura svarUpa ko mAnanA to dUra rahA, 'kama' ke astitva taka ko mAnane se inkAra karate haiN| ve mahaja isalie inkAra karate haiM ki 'karma' ina carmacakSuoM se pratyakSa dikhAI nahIM detA; karma kA koI rUpa yA cinha unheM ina sthUla A~khoM se dRSTagocara nahIM hotaa| kintu ve amuka zabda, yA maMtra adRzya hone para bhI usake prabhAva yA kArya ko jAnakara use to pratyakSavat mAna lete haiN| vidyut-taraMgeM sthUla A~khoM se na dikhAI dene para bhI bhautika vijJAnI usake astitva aura svarUpa ko mAnate haiN| vartamAna meM to vAyaralesa, Telivijana, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #477
karma : mUrtarUpa yA amUrta Atma-guNarUpa ? 455 TelIpriMTara, TelIphona Adi samasta dUra-saMcAra praNAliyA~ adRzya evaM avyakta hote hue unake dvArA hone vAle kAryoM ko dekhakara unake astitva aura svarUpa ko mAnate haiN| phira sArA prANijagata karma ke dvArA saMcAlita, racita aura vyavasthita hone para bhI evaM karma ke dvArA hone vAle kArya pratyakSa dazyamAna hone para bhI karma ko mUrta-pudgalarUpa, bhautikarUpa, pratyakSavat na mAnane kA kyA kAraNa hai ? - gaNadharavAda meM karma ke mUrta-amUrta hone kI carcA 'gaNadharavAda' meM bhAvI gaNadhara agnibhUti ne bhaMgavAn mahAvIra ke samakSa yaha carcA uThAI hai| usakA sAra yaha hai ki "karma adRSTa hai, arthAt-carmacakSuoM se dikhAI nahIM detA, aise adRSTaphala vAle karma ko kyoM mAnA jAe? adRSTa (kama) phala-prApti ke lie dAnAdi kriyA karane ko zAyada hI koI vyakti taiyAra ho| isalie jIva kI sabhI kriyAoM kA phala dRSTa hI mAnanA caahie| adhikAMza vyakti yaza Adi dRSTa phala kI prApti ke lie dAnAdi kriyA karate haiN|" isakA nirAkaraNa karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-kRSi, vyApAra Adi kriyAoM kA phala adRSTa hai, phira bhI loga karate haiM, aura unheM unakA phala avazya milatA hai| jo loga adharma ko adRSTa mAnakara azubha kriyAe~ karate haiM, unheM unakA phala (ve cAheM yA na cAhe) mile binA nahIM rhtaa| . . ataH zubha yA azubha kriyAoM kA phala karma ke adRSTa hone para bhI milatA hI hai| anyathA, isa saMsAra meM ananta saMsArI jIvoM kI sattA hI sambhava nahIM hai; kyoMki adRSTa karma ke abhAva meM sabhI pApI anAyAsa hI mukta ho jAe~ge aura jo loga adRSTa zubhakarma ko mAnakara dAnAdi kriyAe~ karate hoMge, unake lie yaha klezabahula saMsAra raha jaaegaa| isase sAre saMsAra meM arAjakatA evaM avyavasthA utpanna ho jaaegii| yadyapi adRSTa (kama) ke aniSTarUpa phala kI prApti ke lie icchApUrvakaM koI bhI jIva kriyA nahIM karanA cAhatA, phira bhI isa saMsAra meM hiMsAdi azubha kriyA karane vAle atyadhika loga aniSTaphala bhogate najara Ate haiN| ataH mAnanA cAhie ki pratyeka kriyA kA adRSTa (kama) phala hotA hI hai| isa prakAra adRSTa (kama) ke zubhAzubha phala-rUpa kArya ko dekhakara usake kAraNa ko avazya mAnanA caahie| 1. dekhiye-vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ke antargata gaNadharavAda (anuvAdaka sampAdaka-paM. ... dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA) se pR. 37-38 gA. 1619,1620 2. vahI, pR. 38 gA. 1621 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #478
456 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) sukha-duHkhAdi amUrta kA samavAyikAraNa : AtmA, nimittakAraNa : karma ____ agnibhUti gaNadhara ne punaH zaMkA uThAI ki zarIra Adi kArya mUrta hone se usakA kAraNa rUpa 'kama' bhI mUrta honA caahie| bhagavAn ne kahA-maiMne kaba kahA ki karma amUrta hai ? maiM to karma ko mUrta hI mAnatA hU~, kyoMki usakA kArya mUrta hai| jaise-paramANu Adi sUkSma padArtha A~khoM se pratyakSa nahIM dikhAI dete, phira bhI paramANu kA kArya ghaTa mUrta hone se paramANu bhI mUrta hai, vaise karma bhI mUrta hI hai| jo kArya amUrta hotA hai, usakA upAdAna kAraNa bhI amUrta hotA hai| jaise jJAna amUrta hai to usakA samavAyi (upAdAna) kAraNa AtmA bhI amUrta hai| phira zaMkA uThAI gaI ki sukha-duHkha amUrta haiM, ve karma ke kArya haiM, karma unakA kAraNa hai, isalie use amUrta mAnanA caahie| bhagavAn ne samAdhAna kiyA-yaha niyamaviruddha hai| jo mUrta hai, vaha kadApi amUrta nahIM hotA aura jo amUrta hai, vaha kadApi mUrta nahIM hotaa| mUrta kArya kA kAraNa mUrta hotA hai, amUrta kArya kA amUrta, yaha siddhAnta hai| isa dRSTi se sukha-duHkha Adi amUrta kA samavAyi kAraNa athavA upAdAna kAraNa AtmA hai aura vaha amUrta hai| karma to sukha-duHkhAdi kA annAdi ke samAna nimitta kAraNa hai| mUrta kA lakSaNa aura upAdAna . jainadarzana meM karma ko paudgalika, bhautika athavA mUrta batalAyA gayA hai| mUrta kA artha hI hai-rUpI yA paudglik| pudgala yA mUrta kA lakSaNa hai-jisameM varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza hoN| ye hI cAra pudgala ke upAdAna haiN| amUrta kA artha hai-jisameM varNAdi na hoN| AtmA amUrta hai| usake varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza, AkAra-prakAra, zarIrAdi nahIM hote| AtmA kA maulika svarUpa evaM upAdAna hai-jJAna, darzana, Ananda (Atmika sukha) evaM shkti| pudgala pudgala hI rahate haiM, aura cetanA cetanA hI rahatI hai| donoM apanA maulika svabhAva aura svarUpa nahIM chodd'te| SadravyoM meM pudgalAstikAya hI mUrta hai dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, kAla, jIvAstikAya aura pudgalAstikAya; ina chaha prakAra ke dravyoM meM ekamAtra pudgala dravya hI 1. gaNadharavAda (dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA) pR. 39 gA. 1625-26-27 2. (ka) rUpiNaH pudglaaH| pudgala rUpI (mUtta) hai|- (vivecaka paM. sukhalAlajI) tattvArtha sUtra a. 5/4 pR. 117 (kha) sparza-rasa-gandha-varNa vantaH pudglaaH|- tattvArtha sUtra a. 5/23 (ga) dhavalA pu. 13 khaM. 5 bhA. sU. 24 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma : mUrtarUpa yA amUrta Atma-guNarUpa ? 357 varNa-gandha-rasa-sparza-viziSTa hone se mUrtika hai| ataH karma mUrta siddha hone para unakI paudgalikatA (bhautikatA) to svayaM siddha ho jAtI hai| karma amUrta AtmA kA guNa nahIM hai naiyAyika aura vaizeSika darzana karma ko adRSTa mAnakara use AtmA kA guNa mAnate haiN| kintu jainadarzana karma ko AtmA kA guNa na mAnakara karma aura AtmA (jIva) donoM ko bhinna-bhinna dravya mAnatA hai| agara karma ko AtmA kA guNa mAnA jAtA, to AtmA kI taraha karma bhI amUrta hotaa| aisI sthiti meM (kama) amUrtika (AtmA) kA bandha nahIM ho paataa| yaha parakhA huA siddhAnta hai ki jisa padArtha kA jo guNa hotA hai, vaha usakA vighAtaka nahIM hotaa| phira to amUrtika karma, amUrtika AtmA kA anugraha aura nigraha, upakAra aura apakAra karane meM samartha nahIM hotaa| ataH karma AtmA kA guNa hotA to vaha usake lie AvaraNa, pAratantrya aura duHkha kA hetu nahIM ho pAtA; kyoMki karma AtmA ke guNoM kA ghAtaka, bAdhaka, AvaraNa hai tathA usake pAratantrya aura duHkha kA hetu hai| karma AtmA kA guNa hone para apane AdhArabhUta guNI (AtmA) ko bandhana meM nahIM DAla paataa| saMsArI AtmA ko bhI (kama) bandhana-baddha na hone ke kAraNa sadA-sarvadA ke lie svatantra, zuddhabuddha-mukta mAnanA pdd'egaa| kintu aisA mAnanA yuktisaMgata evaM siddhAntasammata nahIM hogaa| : dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki karma ko AtmA kA guNa mAnane para koI bhI AtmA karma-baddha na hone se saMsArI nahIM raha pAegA, saMsAra kA sarvathA abhAva ho jAegA, sabhI AtmA mukta ho jaaeNge| aura phira mukti ke lie kiye jAne vAlA tapa, saMyama, vrata-niyama Adi saddharmAcaraNa-puruSArtha bhI vyartha ho jaaegaa| ataH karma ko AtmA kA guNa mAnanA yuktiyukta nahIM hai|' ___ yadi karma ko AtmA kA guNa mAnakara bhI use AtmA ke bandha kA kAraNa mAnA jAegA to AtmA kabhI mukta na ho sakegI, kyoMki guNa ke naSTa ho jAne se guNI bhI naSTa ho jaaegaa| karma ko AtmA kA guNa mAnane se eka doSa yaha bhI AegA ki guNa guNI se kadApi pRthaka nahIM ho paaegaa| phalataH jaise saMsArI AtmAoM ke sAtha karma rahatA hai, usI prakAra mukta 1. (ka) karma : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana (upAcArya devendra muni) se pR. 24 (kha) na karmA'tmaguNo amUrtastasya bndhaaprsiddhitH| ___ anugrahopaghAtau hi nAmUrteH kartumarhati // -tattvArthasAra 5/14 (ga) tattvArtha-sarvArthasiddhi (A. pUjyapAda) 8/2 pR. 377 2. tattvArtha rAjavArtika 8/2/10 pR. 566 For Personal & Private Use Only

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458 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . AtmAoM ke sAtha bhI sadaiva karma saMlagna rhegaa| aisI sthiti meM saMsArI aura mukta, donoM prakAra kI AtmAoM meM koI bhI antara nahIM raha jaaegaa|' ____ ataH karma AtmA kA guNa nahIM hai| vaha mUrta hai, AtmA amUrta hai, isalie donoM vijAtIya dravya haiN| karma sUkSma hote hue bhI mUrta hai yadyapi karma catuHsparzI pudgala hone se sUkSma hai, isalie vaha sthUla netroM se dRSTigocara nahIM hotA, tathApi vaha mUrtika (mUta) hai, paudgalika hai; kyoMki usakA kArya jo audArika Adi zarIra hai, vaha mUrtika hai| mUrtika kI racanA mUrta se hI ho sakatI hai| isalie dRzyamAna mUrta audArikAdi zarIroM (kAya) se adRzyamAna karma (kAraNa) meM mUrttatva siddha hotA hai| paudgalika (mUrtika) kArya kA samavAyI-kAraNa bhI paudgalika yA mUrtika hotA hai| jaise-miTTI Adi paudgalika (mUrtika) hai to usase nirmita hone vAle ghaTAdi padArtha bhI paudgalika (mUrtika) hI hoNge| gaNadharavAda meM karma kI mUrtatva-siddhi _ 'gaNadharavAda' meM karma kA mUrtatva siddha karane ke lie kahA gayA haikarma mUrta haiM, kyoMki AtmA ke sAtha unakA sambandha hone se sukha-duHkha Adi kI anubhUti hotI hai| jaise-"mUrta anukUla AhAra Adi se sukhAnubhUti aura mUrta zastrAdi ke prahAra Adi se duHkhAnubhUti hotI hai| AhAra aura zastra donoM hI mUrta haiM, isI prakAra sukhaH-duHkha kA anubhava karAne vAle karma bhI mUrta haiN| jo amUrta padArtha hotA hai, usase sambandha hone para sukhAdi kA anubhava nahIM hotaa| jaise-aakaash| karma se sambandha hone para AtmA sukha-duHkhAdi kA anubhava karatI hai| ataH karma mUrta haiN|" "jisase sambandha hone para vedanA kA anubhava ho, vaha mUrta hotA hai| jaise-mUrta agni se sambandha hone para vedanA kI anubhUti hotI hai, usI prakAra karma ke sAtha sambandha se prANiyoM ko vedanA kI anubhUti hotI hai, jo use mUrta siddha karatI hai| agara karma amUrta hotA to usase sambandha hone para vedanA kA anubhava nahIM hotA, lekina karma ke sambandha se vedanA kA anubhava hotA hai, isalie karma mUrta hai, amUrta nhiiN|" karma mUrta hai, kyoMki AtmA aura usake jJAnAdi bhinna bAhya padArtha se 1. (ka) tattvArtha vArtika 8/2/10 pR. 566/8 2. (ka) karma vicAra (DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA-jinavANI meM prakAzita lekha) pR.72 (kha) audArikAdi kAryANAM kAraNaM karma muurtimt| __na hyamUrtena mUrtAnAmArambhaH kvApi dRshyte|| -tattvArthasAra a. 5 zloka 15 : For Personal & Private Use Only /

Page #481
karma : mUrtarUpa yA amUrta Atma- guNarUpa ? 459 usameM balAdhAna hotA hai, arthAt snigdhatA AtI hai; jaise ghar3e Adi para tela Adi bAhya vastu kA vilepana karane se usameM balAdhAna ho jAtA hai, vaise hI vanitA, candana, mAlA Adi bAhya vastuoM ke saMsarga se karma meM bhI balAdhAna hotA hai| isalie ghaTa ke samAna karma bhI mUrta hai / AtmA Adi (amUrta) se bhinna hone se karma dUdha kI taraha pariNAmI hai, isalie mUrta hai| jo pariNAmI hotA hai, vaha mUrta hotA hai| jaise - dUdha AtmA' se bhinna aura pariNAmI hai, isa kAraNa mUrta hai, vaise hI karma bhI mUrta hai| karma pariNAmI hai, kyoMki usakA kArya zarIrAdi pariNAmI hai| jisakA kArya pariNAma hotA hai, vaha svayaM bhI pariNAmI hotA hai| jaise- dUdha kA kArya dahI pariNAmI hai, kyoMki dahI chAcha Adi meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| ataH dahI ke pariNAmI hone se usakA kAraNarUpa dUdha bhI pariNAmI hai, vaise karma ke kArya zarIra Adi ke pariNAmI (parivartanazIla - vikArI) hone se unake kAraNarUpa karma bhI pariNAmI haiM / pariNAmI hone se karma mUrta rUpa haiM / karma ko mUrta siddha karane ke lie eka yukti yaha bhI hai - karma kA pariNAma amUrta AtmA ke pariNAma se bhinna hotA hai| ataH pariNAma kI bhinnatA se AtmA aura karma (pudgala) ina donoM dravyoM meM viparItatA evaM vibhinnatA siddha hotI hai| arthAt karma amUrta AtmA se viparIta mUrtasvabhAva vAle haiN| anya jainadArzanika granthoM meM karma kI mUrtatva siddhi 'paMcAstikAya' meM karmoM ko mUrta (paudgalika) siddha karate hue likhA hai - "jIva karmoM ke phalasvarUpa sukha-duHkha ke heturUpa indriya viSayoM kA mUrta indriyoM ke dvArA upabhoga karatA hai; isa kAraNa karma mUrta haiN| " Apta parIkSA bhI isI kA samarthana kiyA hai| spaSTa zabdoM meM kaheM to - 'indriyoM ke viSaya - sparza, rasa, gandha, rUpa aura zabda, ye mUrta haiM, aura unakA upabhoga karane vAlI indriyA~ bhI mUrta haiN| unase prApta hone vAlA sukha - duHkha bhI mUrta hai| ataH unake kAraNabhUta karma . bhI mUrta haiN| * 1. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ke antargata gaNadharavAda (saM. paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ) gA. 1626-27 2. (ka) vahI (saM. paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) gA. 1627-28 (kha) jainadarzana meM AtmavicAra (DaoN. lAlacandra jaina) se, pR. 193 3. (ka) jamhA kammassa phalaM visaya, phAsehiM bhuMjade niyadaM / jIveNa suhaM dukkhaM, tamhA kammANi muttANi / / (kha) Apta parIkSA zlo. 115 (ga) karma : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana (upA. devendramuni) se pR. 25 For Personal & Private Use Only - paMcAstikAya gA. 133

Page #482
460 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) 'jayadhavalA' TIkA meM kahA gayA hai-karma mUrta hai, yaha kaise jAnA? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki yadi karma ko mUrta nahIM mAnA jAe to mUrta auSadhi ke sambandha se pariNAmAntara utpanna nahIM ho sktaa| arthAtrugNAvasthA meM auSadhi grahaNa karane se roga ke kAraNabhUta karmoM kI upazAnti dekhI jAtI hai| anyathA, vaha nahIM ho sktii| auSadhi ke dvArA pariNAmAntara kI prApti asiddha nahIM hai; kyoMki pariNAmAntara na hotA to jvara, kuSTa tathA kSaya Adi roga naSTa nahIM ho sakate the| ataH karma meM pariNAmAntara-prApti siddha hone se vaha mUrta siddha hotA hai|' ___AcArya guNadhara ne "kasAyapAhuDa" meM kahA hai-kRtrima hote hue bhI karma mUrta hai; kyoMki mUrta davA ke sevana se pariNAmAntara hotA hai, arthAtrugNAvasthA svastha avasthA meM parivartita ho jAtI hai| yadi karma mUrta na hotA to mUrta auSadhi se karmajanya zarIra meM parivartana na hotaa| 'anagAra dharmAmata' meM karma ko mUrta siddha karate hue kahA gayA hai-karma mUrta hai, kyoMki usakA phala mUrtika dravya ke sambandha se anubhavagocara hotA hai| jaise-cUhe ke kATane se utpanna huA viss| Azaya yaha hai ki jaise-cUhe ke kATane se utpanna zotha Adi vikAra indriyagocara hone se vaha mUrta hai, usase usakA mUla kAraNa viSa bhI mUrta honA cAhie, isI prakAra yaha jIva maNi-puSpa-vanitAdi ke nimitta se sukha tathA sarpa-siMhAdi ke nimitta se duHkharUpa karma ke vipAka kA anubhava karatA hai| ataH isa sukha-duHkha ke kAraNabhUta karma ko bhI mUrta mAnanA ucita hai| karma ke mUrta kAryoM ko dekhakara mUrtattva-siddhi ____ sau bAta kI eka bAta hai-karma ke kAryoM ko dekhakara bhI usakA mUrtika honA svataH siddha hotA hai| tattvArthasAra meM yahI kahA hai-jisa prakAra miTTI ke paramANuoM se nirmita ghaTa kArya ko dekhakara usake paramANuoM 1. (ka) taM pi muttaM cev| taM kathaM Navvade? muttosahasambandheNa pariNAmA ntr-gmnn-jhaannuvvttiido| Na ca pariNAmAMtaragamaNamasiddha, tassa teNa viNA jara-kuTTha-kkhayAdINaM viNAsANavavattIe prinnaamntrgmnn-siddhido|| -jayadhavalA TIkA 1/57 2. kasAyapAhuDa (AcArya guNadhara) 1/1/1 pR. 57 3. (ka) ydaakhu-vissvnmuurt-smbndhenaanubhuuyte| ___ yathAsvaM karmaNaH puMsA phalaM tatkarma muurtimt|| -anagAra dharmAmRta 2/30 (kha) mUrta karma muurt-smbndhenaanubhuuymaan-muurtphltvaadaakhuvissvt| -paMcAstikAya TIkA (amRtacandra sUri) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #483
karma : mUrtarUpa yA amUrta Atma-guNarUpa ? 461 ko mUrta mAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra karma ke kArya audArika Adi zarIroM ko mUrtika dekhakara unakA kAraNabhUta karma bhI mUrtika siddha ho jAtA hai| yadi aisA nahIM mAnA jAegA to amUrta padArthoM se mUrta padArthoM kI utpatti mAnanI hogI, jo siddhAntaviruddha hai, kyoMki amUrta kAraNoM se mUrta kAryoM kI utpatti nahIM hotii| . bauddhadarzana ne karma ko vAsanA nAma se svIkAra kiyA hai, parantu vAsanA amUrta hone se vaha amUrta AkAza kI taraha jIvoM para anugraha yA upaghAta nahIM kara sakatI / ataH yaha kathana yuktiyukta nahIM hai| isI prakAra vedAntadarzana ne avidyA nAma se karma ko svIkAra kiyA hai, vaha bhI ucita nahIM; kyoMki unake siddhAntAnusAra avidyA asat hai, vaha AkAzakusumavat jIva kA kucha bhI banAne-bigAr3ane meM samartha nahIM ho sakatI / 2 - tattvArtha sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA gayA hai ki "kArmaNa zarIra paudgalika hai, kyoMki vaha mUrtimAn padArthoM ke sambandha se phala detA hai| jisa prakAra jalAdi padArthoM ke saMsarga se pakane vAle dhAnya paudgalika (mUtta) hote haiN| usI prakAra kArmaNa zarIrarUpa karma bhI gur3a, kAMTA Adi iSTa-aniSTa mUrta padArthoM ke samparka se phala pradAna karatA hai| isase bhI karma paudgalika-mUrta siddha hotA hai| tattvArtha vArtika meM bhI isI tathya kA samarthana kiyA gayA Aptavacana se karma mUrtarUpa siddha hotA hai ... AgamoM aura karmagranthoM Adi se bhI karma mUrta siddha hotA hai| samayasAra meM kahA gayA hai-"AThoM prakAra ke karma pudgalasvarUpa haiM, aisA jinendradeva ne kahA hai|" niyamasAra meM bhI kahA gayA hai-"AtmA pudgalakarmoM kA kartA bhoktA hai, yaha sirpha vyavahAra-dRSTi hai|" pudgala mUrtika hai, isalie karma bhI mUrtika siddha hote haiN|' 1. (ka) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gaNadharavAda gA. 1625 (kha) audArikAdikAryANAM kAraNaM karma muurtimt| . na hyamUrtena mUrtAnAmArambhaH kvApi dRshyte||-tttvaarthsaar 5/15 2. dekheM-baMdhavihANe mUlapayaDibaMdho graMtha 9 (prema prabhA TIkA) pR. 16 3. (ka) tattvArtha sarvArthasiddhi 5/19 pR. 285 . (kha) tattvArtha vArtika 5/19/19 4. (ka) samayasAra gA. 45 (kha) kattA bhottA AdA, poggala-kammassa hodi vvhaaro| -niyamasAra 18 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #484
462 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . ___ isa samagra vivecana se spaSTa parilakSita ho jAtA hai ki jainadarzana meM karma na to amUrta AtmaguNa-rUpa hai, aura na hI AtmA ke samAna amUrta hai, apitu vaha mUrtarUpa hai, paudgalika hai, bhautika hai| apekSA se karma jar3a-cetana-ubhaya pariNAmarUpa bhI hai parantu jainadarzana anekAntavAdI hai, sApekSavAdI hai, vaha pratyeka tattva kI samIkSA anekAntAtmaka cintana zailI se karatA hai| isalie jahA~ paramANuvAdI vaizeSika Adi ne karma ko ekAnta cetananiSTha mAnakara use cetanadharmA kahA, isI prakAra pradhAnavAdI sAMkhyayogadarzana ne use antaHkaraNa (mana) niSTha mAnakara jar3adharmA batAyA; vahA~ AtmA aura paramANu ko pariNAmI mAnane vAle jainadarzana ne apanI anekAntaviziSTa cintana zailI ke anusAra karma ko cetana aura jar3a ubhayapariNAma (bhAvakarma aura dravyakama) kI apekSA evaM vivakSA se ubhayarUpa bhI mAnA hai| kintu ubhayapariNAmI hote hue bhI karma AtmaguNarUpa nahIM hai aura na hI AtmA ke samAna amUrta hai|' 1. paMca saMgraha bhA. 1 prAkkathana (marudhara kesarI mizrImala jI ma.) se pR. 10 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #485
karma kA prakriyAtmaka svarUpa 463 karma kA prakriyAtmaka svarUpa karma dvArA AtmA ko malina karane kI prakriyA jAnanA Avazyaka ananta AkAza apane Apa meM atyanta svaccha, nirmala, nirlepa hai; parantu usa para jaba bAdala chA jAte haiM, bijalI camacamAne lagatI hai, A~dhI aura tUphAna Ane lagate haiM, varSA kI jhar3I laga jAtI hai; taba vahI AkAza svacchatA, nirmalatA, nirlepatA aura nirAvaraNatA se rahita dikhAI detA hai| AkAza kI isa asvaccha, samala, sAvaraNa aura lepayukta hone kI prakriyA se pratyeka vyakti jAna letA hai ki isa samaya AkAza svaccha, nirmala tathA AvaraNa aura lepa se rahita nahIM hai| isI prakAra AtmA bhI apane-Apa meM nizcayadRSTi se zuddha, svaccha, karmamala se rahita evaM karmoM se nirlepa hai, parantu jaba usa para karmoM ke bAdala chA jAte haiM, usakI zakti, gati, mati ko AvRta kara dete haiM, kaSAyoM aura viSayoM ke AMdhI tUphAna calane lagate haiM, hiMsA Adi ke krUrabhAvoM kI athavA Arta-raudra dhyAna kI varSA hone lagatI hai, sAMsArika sukha-duHkhoM tathA kSaNika sampannatA-vipannatA kI bijalI mAnasika gagana para A~kha-micaunI karane lagatI hai, taba spaSTa pratIta hone lagatA hai ki AtmA karmameghoM se Acchanna hai, vaha karmoM se grasta hai| karmoM ne apanA jAla svaccha, zuddha, svataMtra AtmA para phailA kara use jakar3a rakhA hai, usakI zaktiyoM ko kuNThita kara rakhA hai| . parantu jaise AkAza meM prakRti ke isa parivartana kI prakriyA ko athavA usakI prakRti aura vikRti ko nahIM jAnane vAlA usake mUla svarUpa aura rahasya ko hRdayaMgama nahIM kara paataa| isI prakAra AtmA para karmoM kI prakriyA ko tathA.AtmA kI prakRti aura vikRti ke rahasya ko vyakti jaba taka nahIM jAna letA; taba taka vaha karmoM se mukta, svaccha, zuddha, nirlepa evaM nirmukta hone kA upakrama evaM puruSArtha nahIM kara sktaa| isalie karma ke prakriyAtmaka svarUpa ko jAnanA bahuta.hI Avazyaka hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #486
464 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) jJaparijJA se karma ko bhalIbhAti jAnakara hI karma kATane kA puruSArtha karanA hitAvaha AgamoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki kisI bhI heya (tyAjya) padArtha ko pahale jJa-parijJA se pUrI taraha jAnane para hI pratyAkhyAna-parijJA se usakA tyAga bhalIbhA~ti dravya aura bhAva se sAdhaka kara sakatA hai| isI prakAra karma kI sarvAMgINa prakriyA ko jAne binA karmoM se mukta hone kA arthAt-pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kSaya karane evaM navIna Ate hue karmoM ko rokane kA tathA samabhAva meM sthita rahane kA upakrama bhalIbhAMti nahIM kara sktaa| mazIna-maina ko mazIna kI prakriyA ke jJAna kI taraha sAdhaka ko karma-prakriyA kA jJAna Avazyaka eka bar3I bhArI mazIna hai, usase vastra-utpAdana hotA hai| usameM aneka choTe-bar3e kala-purje lage hue hote haiN| yadi mazIna-maina usa mazIna kI pUrI prakriyA aura gatividhi ko tathA jina kala-purjI ke sahAre se vaha mazIna calatI hai, unakI kAryapraNAlI aura kSamatA ko nahIM jAnatA-samajhatA to vaha mazIna jaba calatI-calatI sahasA Thappa ho jAegI, yA puoM meM kahIM koI bigAr3a A jAegA, taba vaha usa mazIna ko ThIka nahIM kara sakegA, na hI usako saMcAlita kara skegaa| isI prakAra karmarUpI yaMtra vividha indriya, mana, vANI, zarIra, buddhi Adi upakaraNoM (kala-purjI) se jIva ko kaise gatimAna karatA hai, usakI prakriyA (Process) kyA hai ? isa samagra prakriyA aura kAryapraNAlI ko jaba taka jIva nahIM samajha legA, taba taka karma ke zubha, azubha evaM zuddha rUpa kA viveka nahIM kara sakegA, na hI vaha AtmA ko azubha yA pApa karmoM se bacAkara zuddha rakha skegaa| bhautika-rAsAyanika prakriyA kI taraha jaivika-rAsAyanika prakriyA ke prati jAgarUka honA jarUrI jisa prakAra gandhaka, zorA, tejAba Adi ke milane para bhautika rAsAyanika prakriyA prArambha ho jAtI hai aura usase bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke padArthoM kI upalabdhi hotI hai| isI prakAra karmoM kA jIva ke sAtha sammilana hone para bhI jaivika-rAsAyanika prakriyA (Chemicalaction) prArambha ho jAtI hai| usa prakriyA ke phalasvarUpa jIva ke bhAvoM ke anusAra ananta prakAra kI vicitratAe~ vyakta hotI dikhAI detI haiN| jIva ke rAgAdi pariNAmoM meM vaha bIja vidyamAna hai ki vaha prasphuTita aura vikasita hokara anantavidha vicitratAoM ko vaTa vRkSa se samAna dikhA detA hai| ataH isa 1. "jJaparijJayA jAnAti, pratyAkhyAna-parijJayA pratyAcakSate tyjti|" -sthAnAMga, sthAna 2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA prakriyAtmaka svarUpa 465 jaivika-rAsAyanika prakriyA ko samajhanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| agara hama usa rAsAyanika prakriyA ke prati jAgarUka nahIM haiM, asAvadhAna yA gAphila haiM, to Ane vAle una paulika karmaparamANujanya karmoM ko hama roka nahIM skeNge| agara ve Ane vAle karma roke nahIM jAe~ge to ve apanA prabhAva DAle binA nahIM rheNge| ve dravyakarma bhAvakoM ke nimitta baneMge aura phira dveSAdi pariNAmoM kA cakra calanA banda nahIM ho skegaa| bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma donoM kI sandhi tor3ane ke lie prakriyAtmaka rUpa jAnanA Avazyaka ve dravyakarma hI haiM, jo bhAvakoM ko jilAte haiM aura bhAvakarma phira dravyakarmoM ko jilAte haiN| donoM paraspara eka-dUsare ko jIvanI-zakti pradAna karate haiN| donoM meM paraspara aisI sandhi hai ki ye donoM eka-dUsare ko ukasAne aura pallavita hone meM sahAyatA karate haiN| donoM kI isa avyakta aura vicitra sandhi ko tor3ane ke lie ina donoM kI AtmA ko sAtha saMlagna hone kI rAsAyanika prakriyA ko jAnanA jarUrI hai| yadi sAdhaka cAhatA hai ki bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma ina donoM kI sandhi tor3a de, yA donoM meM aisA vibheda utpanna kara de ki ye donoM alaga-alaga ho jAe~, mila na sakeM; anAdikAla se calI A rahI donoM kI.guTabAjI samApta kara de to isake lie donoM karmoM ke Ane ke srota tathA mAdhyamoM ke rokanA hogaa| una srotoM evaM mAdhyamoM kA mArgAntarIkaraNa karanA hogaa| parantu yaha saba karmoM ke Agamana aura AtmA meM praviSTa hone ke prakriyAtmaka rUpa ko jAne binA nahIM ho skegaa| amUrta ke sAtha mUrtakarma kA saMyoga sambandha kaise? sarvaprathama to yaha prazna hotA hai ki mUrta karma kA amUrta AtmA meM praveza kaise ho gayA ? kaise ina donoM vijAtIya padArthoM meM milana yA sambandha sthApita ho gayA ? jainakarmavijJAnazAstrI yaha samAdhAna dete haiM ki mUrta aura amUrta meM koI virodha nahIM hai ki donoM kA saMyoga na ho ske| mUrta kA amUrta ke sAtha aura amUrta kA mUrta ke sAtha sambandha pratyakSa dRSTigocara hotA hai| AkAza amUrta hai, usake sAtha saMsAra ke pratyeka padArtha kA saMyoga hotA hai| nyAyazAstra meM ghaTAkAza, maThAkAza Adi ke rUpa meM asIma evaM amUrta, akhaNDa AkAza ke sAtha ghaTa, maTha Adi padArthoM kA yoga batAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra eka amUrta AkAza aneka rUpoM meM vibhAjita ho gyaa| 1. (ka) mahAbaMdho bhA. 1 kI prastAvanA (paM. sumeru candra divAkara) pR.74 _ (kha) karmavAda se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 27 2. vahI, bhAvAMza pR. 27 . . For Personal & Private Use Only

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466 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virATa svarUpa (3) dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya aura AkAza dravyoM ko arUpI (amUtta) kahA gayA hai, phira bhI ye mUrta padArthoM ko avagAha, gati, sthiti Adi meM sahAyaka banate hai| isalie upakArI haiN| ye AkAzAdi dravya acetana hote hue bhI ina amUrta dravyoM kA mUrta ke prati upakAra' hai aura mUrta ke dvArA amUrta dravyoM kA pariNamana paryAya-parivartana bhI hotA hai| isI prakAra amUrta AtmA (jIva) kA bhI mUrta karmapudgaloM ke prati upakAra hai| donoM eka-dUsare se upakRta hote haiN| donoM ke upAdAna pRthak-pRthak, donoM meM saMyoga sambandhakRta parivartana karmapudgaloM kI AtmA ke sAtha tadAtmatA-ekAtmatA to tIna kAla meM nahIM ho sktii| tAdAtmya hone para karma aura AtmA do nahIM raha sakate, eka ho jaayeNge| isalie siddhAnta yaha hai ki AtmA ke apane svabhAva, guNa aura upAdAna alaga haiM aura karmapudgala ke upAdAna, svabhAva aura guNa alaga haiN| AtmA ke mukhya cAra upAdAna hai-jJAna, darzana Atma-sukha (Ananda) aura shkti| ye AtmA ke maulika guNa evaM upAdAna haiN| inameM kabhI parivartana nahIM aataa| karma-paudgalika padArtha hai| usake mukhya upAdAna cAra haiMsparza, rasa, gandha aura vrnn| usake upAdAna evaM guNa, svabhAva meM AtmA kadApi parivartana nahIM lA sakatI aura na hI AtmA ke guNa aura upAdAna meM 'karma' koI parivartana lA sakate haiN| donoM kA upAdAna apanA-apanA hogaa| ye eka-dUsare ke sahAyaka bana sakate haiN| ataH pudgalakarma, pudgala hI rahate hai| AtmA, AtmA hii| donoM kA saMyoga sambandha ho sakatA hai| saMyoga-sambandhakRta parivartana donoM meM ho sakatA hai| ina donoM kA upAdAna apanA-apanA rahegA, kevala nimitta bdleNge| arthAt-AtmA ke upAdAnoM ke kiMcit parivartana meM karma nimitta bana sakate haiM aura karmoM ke upAdAnoM ke yatkiMcit badalane meM AtmA nimitta bana sakatI hai| eka-dUsare ke upAdAnoM kI ye donoM jarA bhI kSati nahIM kara skte| nimitta kI sImA meM donoM eka-dUsare se upakRta evaM prabhAvita hote haiM tatpazcAt hameM yaha socanA hai ki AtmA aura karma eka-dUsare para kyA prabhAva DAlate haiM ? ye eka-dUsare para kyA upakAra karate haiM ? isakA samAdhAna yahI hai ki ye donoM nimitta kI sImA meM jitanA kucha ho sakatA hai, karate haiM; kintu upAdAnagata yA astitvagata kucha bhI nahIM krte| apane-apane astitva kI sImA meM AkAzAdi dravyoM kI taraha ye donoM bhI 1. karmavAda se bhAvAza pR. 22 2. karmavAda se bhAvAMza uddhRta, pR. 22-23 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA prakriyAtmaka svarUpa 467 rahate haiN| inakA astitva bilkula nahIM badalatA; kevala paridhiyA~ badalatI haiM; kendra nahIM bdltaa| paridhi meM hI samasta parivartana hote haiN| karma kA nimitta milane para amUrta AtmA mUrta-sama prayukta hone lagatA hai, cetana AtmA acetana rUpa meM-paudgalika rUpa meM vyavahRta hone lagatI hai|' nizcayadRSTi se amUrta AtmA, vartamAna meM mUrtavat banI huI hai / yadyapi nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se AtmA amUrta hai, cetanAmaya hai, parantu vartamAna meM to saMsArI AtmAe~ mUrta haiN| amUrta banane kA lakSya avazya hai, parantu vaha lakSya tabhI siddha hogA, jaba samasta karmoM kA anta A jAegA, karmoM ke sAtha jo sambandha hai vaha sarvathA TUTa jaaegaa| bhAvakarma ke sAtha-sAtha dravyakarma bhI samApta ho jaaeNge| taba AtmA samasta AvaraNoM, karmoM se sarvathA mukta hogaa| caitanya candra pUrNa niSkalaMka aura zuddha akhaNDa jyotirmaya ho jaaegaa| jisa dina AtmA pUrNa amUrta ho jAegA, mUrta sarvathA chUTa jAegA, aMza-mAtra bhI nahIM rhegaa| kevala amUrta zeSa rhegaa| taba AtmA niraMjana, nirlepa, nirAkAra, anantacatuSTaya-sampanna, zuddha niSkalaMka ho jaaegii| vartamAna meM bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma donoM AtmA ke sAtha lipaTe hue haiM parantu vartamAna meM amUrta AtmA ke sAtha mUrta bhI jur3A huA hai| AtmA akhaNDa cetanAvAn hai, kintu vartamAna meM usa para acetana dravya chAyA huA hai| AtmA ke sAtha bhAvakarma kA isa samaya saMyoga hai| bhAvakarma AtmA kA rAMgAdimaya pariNAmarUpa hai| dUsarA dravyakarma hai, jo bhAvakarma kA zArIrika AkAra dhAraNa karane vAlA-bhAvakarma kA saMvAdi kArya karane vAlA hai| ise paudgalika karma bhI kaha sakate haiN| bhAvakarma ko bhAvacitta aura dravyakarma ko paudgalika citta bhI samajhA jA sakatA hai| dravyakarma meM bhAvakarma pratibimbita hotA hai; yAnI, jaisA bhAvakarma nirmita hotA hai, vaisA hI dravyakarma ko-karmapudgaloM kA nirmANa hotA jAtA hai| TeparikArDara meM bharI jAtI huI AvAja kI taraha, bhAvakarma ke saMskAra dravyakarma meM bhara jAte haiM, aMkita ho jAte haiN| samajhanA yaha hai ki bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma ke AtmA meM Ane, praviSTa hone athavA AtmA se sambaddha hone kI prakriyA (Process) kyA hai ? isa prakriyA ko jAna lenA hI karma ke prakriyAtmaka rUpa ko jAnanA hai| 1. karmavAda se bhAvAMza pR. 23 2. vahI, bhAvAMza pR. 23-24 3. karmavAda se bhAvAMza pR. 24. For Personal & Private Use Only

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468 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . bhAvakarma-dravyakarma kI prakriyA bhI karma kA prakriyAtmaka rUpa ___karma kI eka prakriyA yaha hai-bhAvakarma AmravarUpa hai| mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ye pAMca Asrava haiN| AtmA meM ina pAMcoM AsravoM arthAt-bhAvakarma ke pAMca srotoM se bhAvakarma kA tIvra-manda-madhyama rUpa se sambandha hotA hai, to ve bhAva-karma apane saMvAdi dravyakarmoM ko AkarSita kara lete haiN| yAnI bhAvakarma kA ThIka saMvAdI dravyakarma hotA hai aura dravyakarma zarIrarUpa hotA hai, jisake saMvAdI hote haiM-audArika aura tejasa shriir| Azaya yaha hai ki eka jaisA hogA, dUsarA bhI vaisA hI hogA aura dUsarA jaisA hogA, tIsarA bhI vaisA hI hogaa|' jaivika aura paudgalika rAsAyanika prakriyAoM kA yoga hI karma kA prakriyAtmaka rUpa yaha nizcita hai-AtmA bhAvakarma ke binA dravyakarmoM-karmapudgaloM ko AkarSita nahIM kara sktii| bhAvakarma se phira dravyakarmoM kA AkarSaNa hotA hai| vaijJAnika bhASA meM kaheM to bhAvakarma jIva (AtmA) meM hone vAlI rAsAyanika prakriyA hai, ise hama jaivika-rAsAyanika prakriyA kaha sakate haiM aura dravyakarma sUkSma (kArmaNa) zarIra kI rAsAyanika prakriyA hai, ise paudgalika rAsAyanika prakriyA kaha sakate haiN| ina donoM-jaivika aura paudgalika rAsAyanika prakriyAoM meM paraspara sambandha sthApita hotA hai, ye donoM eka-dUsare ko prabhAvita karatI haiN| ina donoM meM sambandha tabhI sthApita hotA hai jaba jaivika rAsAyanika prakriyA ke sAtha sUkSma zarIra kI (paudgalika) rAsAyanika prakriyA kA yoga ho, sAtha hI sUkSma zarIra kI rAsAyanika prakriyA ke sAtha jaivika rAsAyanika prakriyA kA yoga ho| AkAzIya graha-nakSAdi kA bhUmaNDala Adi para prabhAva vartamAna vaijJAnikoM ne bhI mAnA hai ki candramA, sUrya tathA AkAzIya graha-nakSatra isa pRthvI para, pRthvI para rahane vAle jIvoM, vizeSataH manuSyoM para bhI prabhAva DAlate haiN| jyotiSa zAstra ne to pahale se hI yaha siddha kara diyA hai| samagra jyotiSazAstra kA gaNita aura phalita graha-nakSatroM ke prabhAva para AdhArita hai| jyotiSazAstra batA detA hai ki amuka graha nakSatra kA yoga ho to usakA prabhAva amuka prakAra kA par3atA hai| karma kI eka prakriyAtmaka praNAlI ____ saMsAra kA pratyeka jIva prabhAvayukta hai| aprabhAvita koI nahIM hai| eka dravya kA dUsare dravya meM saMkramaNa evaM prabhAva pratyakSa dRSTigocara hotA hai| isI 1. karmavAda se, (bhAvAMza) pR. 25 2. vahI. pR. 28 (bhAvAMza) For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA prakriyAtmaka svarUpa 469 prakAra karmoM se baMdhI huI pratyeka AtmA prabhAvayukta hai| prabhAva kA mUla srota karma hai| sarvaprathama karma se jIva prabhAvita hotA hai| jIva meM jyoM hI rAgadveSAtmaka yA kaSAyAtmaka bhAva Ae ki bhAvakarma se vaha prabhAvita ho gayA, bhAvakarma ke prabhAva kSetra meM A gyaa| bhAvakarma se phira saMvAdI dravyakarma prabhAvita hue| donoM AtmA ko prabhAvita karate haiN| donoM kA prabhAva kSetra bana gyaa| donoM karmoM kI rAsAyanika prakriyA kA sambandha ho jAne para AtmA aura karma kA bandhayukta sambandha ho jAtA hai| phira bhAvakarma dravyakarma ko aura dravyakarma AtmA ko prabhAvita karate haiM, AtmA bhI dravyakarmoM ko prabhAvita karatI hai| yaha hai-karma kI eka prakriyAtmaka prnnaalii|' Agama meM karma ke prakriyAtmaka rUpa kA eka citra eka viziSTa karma kI prakriyA kA citra bhagavatI sUtra meM gaNadhara gautama aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke praznottara ke rUpa meM milatA hai| vaha isa prakAra - gautama svAmI ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA-"bhagavan! jIva kAMkSAmohanIya karma kisa kAraNa se karatA hai ?" bhagavAna ne kahA- "pramAda se|" gautama- "bhte| pramAda kaise hotA hai ?" bhagavAn- "yoga (mana-vacana-kAyA kI pravRtti) se|" gautama- "yoga kisase hotA hai ?" . bhagavAn- "vIrya (kriyAtmaka zakti) se|" gautama- "vIrya kisase hotA hai ?" bhagavAn- "zarIra (audArika yA vaikriya zarIra) se|" gautama- "zarIra kisase hotA hai ?" bhagavAn- "karma (kArmaNa) zarIra se|" gautama- "karma zarIra kisase hotA hai ?" bhagavAn- "jIva se|" isake viparIta krama se calane para kArmika prakriyA kA sthUla citra samajha meM A jAtA hai| jIva se karmazarIra, karmazarIra se sthUla zarIra, phira sthUla zarIra se kriyAtmaka zakti, kriyAtmaka zakti (vIya) se yoga, yoga se pramAda aura pramAda se karma (bndh)| yaha karma kA eka prakriyAtmaka rUpa hai| 1. karmavAda se sArAMza pR. 28-29 2.. bhagavatI (vyAkhyA prajJapti) sUtra zataka 1, u. 3, sU. 27 se 37 taka For Personal & Private Use Only

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470 karma - vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) isa prakriyA meM garbhita eka aura prakriyA isa prakriyA kI bhI eka prakriyA aura samajhane yogya hai| yaha karma kisa prakAra se aura kahA~ se AtA aura Akara kisa prakAra AtmA se sambaddha ho jAtA hai ? karmavijJAnamarmajJa isakA vaijJAnika dRSTi se samAdhAna karate haiM - jisa prakAra bhASA vargaNA ke paramANu - pudgala samagra brahmANDa meM vyApta haiM, ve jyoM-jyoM bole jAte haiM, unheM Aja ke vaijJAnika reDiyo, TrAMjisTara, vAyaralesa, TelIvijana Adi yaMtroM se AkarSita kara lete haiM / usI prakAra samagra AkAza-maNDala meM karmavargaNA ke paramANu vyApta haiM / ve sAre AkAza meM ThasAThasa bhare haiN| eka sUta bhara jagaha bhI rikta nahIM haiN| jaba taka kisI jIva ke dvArA ve paramANu svIkRta yA gRhIta nahIM hote, taba taka ve AkAza maNDala meM avyavasthitarUpa se phaile hue paramANu mAtra hote haiM, karma nahIM hote| alabattA, unameM karma banane kI yogyatA hotI hai, ve karma-prAyogya avazya kahalAte haiN| kintu jaba jIva ke mana meM rAga-dveSAtmaka yA kaSAyAtmaka bhAvakarma (bhAvacitta) nirmita ho jAtA hai| jIva ke jisa prakAra kA rAgAtmaka bhAva hotA hai, yAnI bhAvakarma kA nirmANa vaha karatA hai, tadanurUpa karma-pudgala-paramANuoM ko vaha vahA~ baiThe-baiThe hI pArzvavartI AkAzamaNDala se khIMca letA hai - grahaNa kara letA hai| khIMca lene ke bAda ve karma-pudgala paramANu jIva ko apane prabhAva kSetra meM le lete haiM yAnI baMdhana meM baddha kara lete haiM, eka kSaNa pahale jo karmaparamANu AkAza meM phaile hue the, dUsare kSaNa ve hI karma-paramANu AtmA se sambaddha ho ge| Azaya yaha hai ki jIva apane sthAna meM thA aura karma - paramANu apane sthAna meM, kintu jyoM hI jIva meM rAga-dveSAtmaka bhAvakarma udita huA ki ve Asa-pAsa ke AkAzamaNDala- vyApta karmapudgala AkarSita hokara jIva ke sAtha sambandha sthApita kara cuke / yAnI ve karmapudgala jIva ke bhAvakarma kaheM, yA Asrava kaheM yA bhAvacitta kaheM, usake dvArA ve dravyakarma dAna liye jAte hai, taba ve jIva ko bandhana baddha kara lete haiM / ' yaha dhyAna rahe ki jIva ke dvArA grahaNa yA svIkAra kiye jAne se pUrva ve karma-prAyogya paramANu vyavasthita nahIM hote, asta-vyasta hote haiM; jIva jaba 1. (ka) paMcAstikAya gA. 64 (kha) tattvArtha rAjavArtika 6/2/51 (ga) karmavAda se bhAvAMza pR. 31 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA prakriyAtmaka svarUpa 471 una karmaparamANuoM ke grahaNa karatA hai aura apane sAtha sambaddha kara letA hai, taba ve vyavasthita ho jAte haiN| AkAza maNDala meM aneka prakAra ke paramANu haiN| hAIDrojana, oNksIjana, athavA gaisa evaM bhASA Adi ke pacAsoM prakAra ke paramANuoM ke samUha (vargaNA) haiM, ve saba paramANu karma nahIM bnte| vibhinna paramANuoM kI apanI-apanI yogyatA aura kSamatA hotI hai| jina paramANuoM meM karma banane kI yogyatA yA kSamatA hotI hai, ve hI karma banate haiN| unheM Agama kI bhASA meM karmavargaNA ke pudgala kahA jAtA hai| zAstra meM 23 prakAra kI dravyavargaNAe~ batAI gaI haiM, unameM se jo vargaNA karma ke rUpa meM pariNata ho sakatI hai, vahI karmavargaNA kahalAtI hai| vaha karmavargaNA jIva ke mana-vacana-kAya kI kriyA yA pravRtti athavA caMcalatA ke dvArA AkRSTa hotI hai| karmavargaNA ke paramANu jyoM hI AkarSita hokara Ate haiM, tyoM hI unakI vyavasthA, chaMTanI (Sorting) yA vibhAjanakriyA svataH prArambha ho jAtI hai|' karma-paramANuoM kI svataH saMcita kriyA-prakriyA cAra vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita pahale hama batA cuke haiM ki 'karma' svayaM niyantA, anuzAstA, yA zAstA hai| usakI zAsana vyavasthA vaha svayaM karatA hai| karma-paramANuoM kI svataH saMcAlita kriyA-prakriyA hotI hai| jo karma-paramANu AkarSita hokara Ate haiM, unakI pRthaka-pRthaka cAra vibhAgoM meM vibhAjana-vargIkaraNa kI vyavasthA svataH hotI hai| sarvaprathama jo karma-paramANu jisa svabhAva ke haiM, unakI prakRti ke anurUpa svabhAva-nirmANa vyavasthA hotI hai, arthAt-ve paramANu kyA kArya kareMge? kisa svabhAva meM kAma kareMge? isa prakAra kI prakRti vyavasthA hotI hai| phira hotI hai-pradeza vyvsthaa| arthAt-ve karmaparamANu kitanI mAtrA meM haiM, kitane jatthe meM haiM ? isakI vyvsthaa| tatpazcAt unake anubhAva yAnI rasa ke paripAka kI tIvra-manda mAtrA ke anusAra phala dene kI zakti ke anurUpa chaMTanI hotI hai, ise rasa-vyavasthA yA anubhAva-vyavasthA kahate haiN| ye rasANu kisa prakAra ke rasa kA kitanI mAtrA meM saMvedana karAyeMge? isakI vyavasthA hotI hai| aura anta meM usa karmapudgala kI kAlAvadhi (sthiti) nizcita ho jAtI hai| bandha kI yaha catuSprakArI yojanA vyavasthA tathA karmoM ke phalapradAna kI zakti ke viSaya meM vistRta rUpa se hama Age carcA kreNge| 1. (ka) karmavAda se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 31-32, . (kha) dhavalA 14/5-6, 71/52/5 2. (ka) isakI vistRta prakriyA ke lie 'bandha' ke prakaraNa dekhiye| (kha) karmavAda se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 32 For Personal & Private Use Only

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472 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) yahA~ to itanA hI kahanA hai karma kI yaha svataH saMcAlita prakriyA hI karma kA prakriyAtmaka rUpa hai| karmoM kI svataH saMcAlita prakriyA vyavasthA kaise aura kisa rUpa meM ? isa prakriyA ke sambandha meM eka prazna aura hai, ki cAroM bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hone kI karmoM kI yaha svataH saMcAlita prakriyA kaise sampanna ho jAtI hai? isakA saMtoSajanaka samAdhAna karmavAda grantha meM isa prakAra diyA hai .. hamAre zarIra meM donoM prakAra kI vyavasthAe~ haiN| zarIra ke kucha hisse aise haiM jo nAr3I - saMsthAna dvArA saMcAlita haiM / hamArI bahuta sArI kriyAe~ unhIM se saMcAlita haiN| maiM hAtha hilA rahA hU~, yaha svAbhAvika..... svataH saMcAlita kriyA nahIM hai, kintu nAr3iyoM kI uttejanA se hone vAlI kiyA hai| maiM zvAsa le rahA hU~, yaha kisI ke dvArA niyaMtrita kriyA nahIM hai, yaha svataH saMcAlita kriyA hai / hamArI aneka kriyAe~ svataH saMcAlita hotI haiM aura aneka kriyAe~ preraNA - janita hotI haiN| ye donoM prakAra kI kriyAe~ hamAre zarIra meM ho rahI haiN| " 46 " hama bhojana karate haiN| bhojana karane ke bAda hama usa kriyA se nivRtta ho jAte haiN| Age kI sArI kriyAe~ apane Apa...... svataH saMcAlita hotI haiN| hamane khAyA, (yAnI bhojana kA kaura kara peTa meM DAlA) / khAne ke sAtha pacAne vAlA rasa svataH usake sAtha mila jAtA hai / cabAyA phira vaha (khAyA huA AhAra) nIce utraa| pAcana huA / chnaa| rasa kI kriyA bnii| rasa bnaa| sAre zarIra meM phailA (yathAyogya mAtrA meM phuNcaa)| jo sAra-sAra thA vaha phailaa| (rasa se) rakta (Adi sapta sAdhu) ke rUpa meM banA / kriyAe~ (vibhinna vibhAga kI svataH) saMcAlita huii| jo asAra thA, vaha bar3I AMta meM gyaa| ( mala, mUtra, sveda Adi ke rUpa meM) utsarga kI kriyA sampanna huii| ye sArI kriyAe~ apane Apa hotI calI gii| Apako patA hI nahIM claa| na Apane usake lie koI prayatna kiyaa| phira bhI ve kriyAe~ sampanna ho gii|" "kyA Apa kabhI isa bAta para dhyAna dete haiM ki aba bhojana ko pacAnA hai, rasa banAnA hai, rakta banAnA hai, mAMsa banAnA hai? nahIM socate, koI prayatna nahIM karate; phira bhI ye sAre kArya sampanna hote haiN| jahA~ jo honA hotA hai, vaha svataH hotA calA jAtA hai| jo zakti milanI hai, vaha mila jAtI hai| jo UrjA meM badalanA hai, vaha UrjA meM badala jAtA hai|" " 1 1. karmavAda se sAbhAra uddhRta pR. 34-35 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA prakriyAtmaka svarUpa 473 "isI prakAra hama rAgadveSAdirUpa bhAvakarma ke dvArA karma-pudgalarUpa dravyakarma ko apanI ora AkarSita karate haiM, hama unakA grahaNa-AharaNa karate haiN|" ".... ve pudgagala Akara hamAre (jIva ke) sAtha mila jAte haiM, (AtmA ke sAtha) cipaka jAte haiN| cipakane ke bAda unameM jo vyavasthA hotI hai, vaha khAye hue bhojanoparAnta hone vAlI pUrvokta prakriyA kI taraha) svataH saMcAlita vyavasthA hotI hai| vaha apane Apa hone vAlI vyavasthA hai| (arthAt-) una gRhIta (kama) pudgaloM kA vargIkaraNa bhI...vibhAjana ho jAtA hai| aura jaise bhojana meM khAye bahuta prakAra ke padArthoM ke svabhAva kA nirNaya hotA hai, (usI prakAra una gRhIta karmapudgaloM) ke svabhAva kA nirNaya bhI ho jAtA hai|" ___ "(jaise-) zarIra ko proTIna kI AvazyakatA hai to (khAye gae) bhojana meM jo proTIna kA bhAga hai, vaha proTIna kI pUrti kara detA hai| cikanAI kI jarUrata hotI hai, vaha (khAye hue) snigdha padArthoM se pUrI ho jAtI hai| zvetasAra kI jarUrata hotI hai, vaha (bhukta) khAdyoM se pUrI ho jAtI hai| jina tattvoM yA viTAminoM kI jarUrata hotI hai, ve viTAmina (bhukta) bhojana ke mAdhyama se (yathAyogya avayavoM-sthAnoM) meM pahu~ca jAte haiM aura apanA kAma prArambha kara dete haiN|" ___"jaise zarIra ke kisI bhI hisse (sira, peTa, pITha Adi ) meM darda ho aura Apa peTa meM davA DAlate haiM ki vaha rugNa hissA svastha ho jAtA hai| arthAt-jahA~ darda hogA, vahIM usa davA kI svataH kriyA-prakriyA hogI aura vaha rugNa avayava svastha ho jaaegaa| aisA kyoM hotA hai ?" "isakA samAdhAna hai-zarIra meM aisI svAbhAvika vyavasthA hai| jisa avayava meM jisa tattva kI kamI hogI, vaha tattva usI dizA meM svataH AkRSTa ho jAegA, vahIM jAyegA aura usa kamI ko pahale pUrI kregaa| zarIra ke jina selsa yA avayavoM meM proTIna kI kamI hogI, proTIna kA bhojana (peTa meM) lete hI vaha proTIna unhIM selsa-avayavoM kI ora AkarSita hogA, kyoMki zarIra meM AkarSaNa kI aisI eka vyavasthA hai| vaha apane-apane anukUla tattvoM ko athavA sajAtiyoM ko sajAtIya mAna letA hai|" hamAre karma-paramANuoM kI bhI yahI vyavasthA hai| (jIva dvArA apane rAgAdirUpa bhAvakarma se) jo (kama) paramANu gRhIta hote haiM, ve apane-apane sajAtIya karma-paramANuoM dvArA khIMca liye jAte haiM aura usI dizA meM ve sakriya ho jAte haiN| ve apanA kAma karane laga jAte haiN| unameM phala dene kI zakti (svataH) ho jAtI hai| 1. karmavAda se sAbhAra uddhRta pR. 36 For Personal & Private Use Only

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474 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3). jaise-DaoNkTara ne carmaroga nivAraNa ke liye rogI ko 'viTAmina DI'. kI kaipsUla likha dii| rogI ne vaha davA sevana kara lii| usake pazcAt usa davA kA manacAhA pariNAma lAnA na to DaoNkTara ke vaza kI bAta hai, na hI rogI ke vaza kii| (kintu prAyaH anukUla) pariNAma svataH udbhUta hotA hai| jisa prakAra vizva ke pratyeka padArtha meM tathA paramANuoM meM apane-apane prakAra kI eka viziSTa kSamatA, zakti yA yogyatA hotI hai, athavA svataH nirmita ho jAtI hai| jo karma-paramANu jIva ke dvArA AkRSTa hote haiM, unameM tatkAla eka viziSTa prakAra kI zakti yA kSamatA nirmita ho jAtI haiN| usa kSamatA ko zAstrIya paribhASA meM anubhAva (anubhAga) bandha kahate haiN| anubhAva yA rasAnubhAva bandha se baddhakarmoM meM phala-pradAna kI zaktikSamatA svataH nirmita ho jAtI hai| karmoM meM phalaMdAna kI zakti eka-sI nahIM hotI, vaha rAga-dveSa kI tIvratA-mandatA ke AdhAra para nirmita hotI hai| isa vivecana se karma meM pUrvokta prakRti nirmANAdi catuSprakArI vyavasthA svataH saMcAlita kyoM aura kaise hai ? ise bhalIbhAMti samajha gae hoNge| sAtha hI AkRSTa karmaparamANuoM ke svataH vargIkaraNa evaM vibhAjana svataH hone vAlI sUkSma prakriyA bhI jJAta ho jAtI hai| kRtaka karmoM kI prakriyA kA svarUpa aura usakI vyavasthA isake pazcAt eka aura prakriyA jAnanI jarUrI hai| zAstra meM karma kA tyAga karane kI bAta kahI gaI hai| yadi pratyeka kriyA karma hai, taba zvAsa yA bhojana-pAcana Adi jaisI svataH saMcAlita kriyAe~ bhI tyAjya ho jAe~gI, unakA tyAga zarIradhArI ke lie asaMbhava hai| isakA samAdhAna karate hue zrI jinendravarNI ne kahA-"karma vAstava meM do prakAra kA hai-kRtaka aura akRtk| 'maiM yaha kruuN|' ityAkAraka saMkalpapUrvaka kiyA gayA karma kRtaka kahalAtA hai aura isa prakAra ke saMkalpa se nirapekSa jo svataH hotA hai, vaha akRtaka kahA jAtA hai| loka meM jitane kucha bhI kArya yA karma hameM dikhAI dete haiM, ve saba prAyaH saMkalpapUrvaka kiye gae hone se kRtaka haiN| inhIM ke tyAga kA upadeza zAstroM meM diyA gayA hai, sahajarUpa se hone vAle akRtaka karma ke tyAga kA nhiiN|" bhagavadgItA bhI sahaja karma ko tyAjya nahIM btaatii| ataH isa kRtaka karma kI prakriyA jAnanI Avazyaka hai| isakI prakriyA kA krama isa prakAra hai- (1) trividha kRtaka karma, (2) inake karane ke trividha karaNa (kAraNa yA sAdhana), (3) cetanAzakti kA yoga 1. karmavAda pR. 36-37 se bhAvAMza uddhRta 2. (ka) karmarahasya (jinendravarNI) se sAbhAra pR. 91 (kha) "sahaja karma kaunteya ! sadoSamapi na tyjet|" -gItA 18/48 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA prakriyAtmaka svarUpa 475 aura upayoga meM niyojana, (4) trividha yoga kA vizleSaNa, (5) trividha zarIra, (6) zarIra nirmANa ke kAraNabhUta karma-paramANu aura unakI vrgnnaa| trividha kRtakakarmoM kA rUpa aura unakA kArya pUrvokta kRtaka karma tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-jJAtRtvarUpa, kartRtvarUpa aura bhoktRtvruup| sAmAnyatayA 'maiM ise jAneM,' isa prakAra ke saMkalpa se kiyA huA kArya jJAtRtvarUpa hai| 'maiM yaha kArya karU~, isa prakAra ke saMkalpa se kiyA gayA kArya kartRtvarUpa karma hai aura 'maiM isakA upabhoga karU~, isa prakAra ke saMkalpa se kiyA gayA kArya bhoktRtvarUpa karma hai| indriya, mana, zarIra Adi karaNoM ke mAdhyama se ye tInoM karma hote haiN| isa dRSTi se pUrvokta tInoM prakAra ke kRtaka karmoM ke aneka avAntara bheda ho sakate haiN| jaise-indriyoM ke dvArA dekha-sunakara jAnanA, sUMghakara, cakhakara yA sparza karake jAnanA, tathA mana, buddhi Adi ke dvArA cintana-manana karake jAnanA, athavA samajhanA aura nirNaya karanA, ye aura isa prakAra ke saba kArya jJAtRtva koTi ke kRtaka. karma haiN| hAtha-paira Adi uThAnA-rakhanA, calanA-phiranA, baiThanA-leTanA, sonA Adi kriyAe~ athavA vANI ke dvArA bolanA, par3hanA, bhASaNa denA, vArtAlApa karanA, samajhAnA Adi saba kArya kartRtva koTi ke kRtaka karma haiN| jJAtRtva karmoM se kevala jAnanA hotA hai; calanA-phiranA, bhAganA-daur3anA Adi nhiiN| ye kartRtvakoTi karma haiN| ____ aba tIsare haiM-bhoktatva koTi ke krm| jAne gaye yA kiye gaye kisI viSaya ke sAtha tanmaya hokara usameM dilacaspI lenA, rucipUrvaka use apanAnA, usake sAtha sukha-duHkha mahasUsa karanA, athavA priyatA-apriyatA kA anubhava karanA yA jAnateM tathA karate samaya harSa-viSAda yA prIti-aprIti, ruci- aruci athavA moha-droha, lalaka-ghRNA Adi kA anubhava karanA bhoktRtva. karma haiN| isI prakAra TakaTakI lagAkara kisI rUpa ko nihAranA, strI Adi kA kAma-vAsanA kI dRSTi se sparza karanA, pUrvopabhukta viSayoM kA rasapUrvaka smaraNa karanA, cintana karanA, svAdiSTa padArthoM kA tanmaya hokara smaraNa, cintana yA upabhoga karanA tathA manojJa, abhISTa evaM anukUla padArthoM yA viSayoM va saMyogoM ke prati harSa aura sukha kI evaM amanojJa, aniSTa evaM pratikUla padArthoM, viSayoM yA saMyogoM ke prati ghRNA, viSAda yA duHkha kI anubhUti yA pratIti karanA bhoktRtva koTi ke karma ke antargata hai| . isI prakAra apane dvArA banAye-banavAye, kharIde yA adhikRta kiye hue ghara, pharnIcara, bartana, AbhUSaNa, vastra, upakaraNa yA sukha-suvidhA ke sAdhanoM For Personal & Private Use Only

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476 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) Adi para mamatva yA svAmitva karanA yA vyakta karanA Adi bhI bhoktRtva karma meM garbhita hai| apanI likhI huI pustaka, racanA yA apane dvArA kiye hue kArya, bhASaNa, gAyana Adi kI prazaMsA karanA aura dUsare ke dvArA likhI huI pustaka Adi tathA kiye hue bhASaNa, gAyana Adi kArya kI nindA - AlocanA, karanA, yahA~ taka ki apane se sambandhita samasta kAryoM meM garva, mada, ahaMkAra kI anubhUti evaM abhivyaktikaraNa karanA bhI bhoktRtvakarma kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra bhUtakAla meM upabhoga kiye hue kA smaraNa karake tathA vartamAna meM prApta iSTAniSTa viSayoM kA sevana karate samaya sukha-dukha yA harSa - viSAda kI pratIti honA evaM AgAmIkAla meM prApta hone kI sambhAvanA se sambhAvita iSTAniSTa viSayoM ke lie sukha-duHkha kI kalpanA evaM pratIti karanA bhI bhoktRtvakoTi ke karma' kahalAte haiN| ina aura aise hI saMkalpa yA icchApUrvaka kiye gae jJAtRtva, kartRtva aura bhoktRtva karma kRtaka kahalAte haiN| kRtaMka koTi ke karma hI Asrava aura bandha ke hetu hote haiN| vividha kRtaka karmoM ke caudaha karaNa aura unakA prakAra kintu tInoM prakAra ke kRtaka karmoM meM se kisI bhI koTi kA karma ho, binA kAraNa yA 'karaNa' (sAdhana) ke honA asambhava hai| kAraNa yA karaNa ke binA koI bhI kArya sambhava nahIM, yaha nyAyazAstra kA mukhya siddhAnta hai| jisake dvArA yA jisakI sahAyatA se koI kArya yA karma kiyA jAe, use karaNa yA kAraNa kahate haiM / kAraNa, karaNa, hetu aura sAdhana ye cAroM zabda ekArthaka hai| pUrvokta trividha kRtaka karma ke hone meM pramukha sAdhakatama karaNa do prakAra kA hai - antaHkaraNa aura bahiHkaraNa / A~kha, kAna, hAtha, paira Adi bahiHkaraNa haiM aura mana Adi antaHkaraNa haiM / bahiHkaraNa ke do vibhAga haiM - jJAnasAdhaka karaNa aura karmasAdhaka karaNa / jJAtRtva karma ke sAdhana ko jJAna-karaNa aura kartRtva karma ke sAdhana ko karma-karaNa kahA jAtA hai / bhoktRtva karma kA sAdhana antaHkaraNa hai| pAMca jJAnakaraNa prasiddha haiM - zrotra (karNa), netra, ghrANa, jihvA (rasanA) aura tvk| `inase kramazaH sunakara, dekhakara, sUMghakara, cakhakara aura chUkara apaneapane pratiniyata viSaya ko jAnA jAtA hai| cUMki ye jAnane ke kAma meM hI sAdhaka hote haiM, halana-calana rUpa se kucha kriyA karane ke kAma meM nahIM isalie inheM jJAnakaraNa kahate haiN| 1. karmarahasya (jinendravarNI) se pR. 92-93 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA prakriyAtmaka svarUpa 477 jJAnakaraNa kI bhAMti karmakaraNa bhI pAMca haiM-vANI, hAtha, paira, gudA aura upastha (guhyendriy)| vANI se bolane kA, hAtha se lene-dene kA yA uThAne-rakhane kA, paira se calane-phirane kA, uchalane-kUdane tathA daur3anebhAgane kA, gudA se mala tyAga kA tathA upastha yAnI mUtrendriya yA jananendriya se mUtravisarjana kA aura kAmakrIr3A kA kAma kiyA jAtA hai, isalie inheM karma-karaNa kahA jAtA hai| cUMki ina pA~coM se kisI na kisI rUpa meM halana-calana rUpa kriyA kI siddhi hotI hai, kucha jAnane kI nhiiN| isalie inheM karma-karaNa kahate haiN| vaidika granthoM meM jJAnakaraNa ko jJAnendriya aura karma-karaNa ko karmendriya kahA gayA hai| zarIra ke aMga hone ke kAraNa jaina zAstroM meM karmendriyoM kA pRthak ullekha nahIM hai| phira bhI karma-prakriyA ko bhalIbhAMti samajhane ke lie inakA pRthak ullekha karanA nyAyasaMgata hai| ye dasoM hI indriyA~ apane-apane pratiniyata viSayoM ko jAnane tathA karane ke sAtha-sAtha una-una viSayoM ke prati tanmaya hokara viSaya rasAsvAdana bhI karatI haiM, ruci-aruci yA prIti-aprIti kA anubhava karatI haiN| jaise-A~kheM apane samakSa upasthita hue rUpa (dRzya) ko jAnane ke sAtha-sAtha manojJatA- amanojJatA kI anubhUti antaHkaraNa kI sahAyatA se karatI haiN| isI kAraNa kabhI-kabhI tanmaya hokara ukta rUpa ko nihAratI pratIta hotI haiN| hAtha kisI padArtha ko grahaNa karane ke sAtha-sAtha usakI komalatA-kaThoratA Adi kA sparza bhI karate haiM aura antaHkaraNa kI sahAyatA se manojJatA-amanojJatA kI rasAnubhUti bhI karate haiN| sUkSma dRSTi se dekheM to inake bhoktRtva (bhogane) kA kAma antaHkaraNa kA hai, bahiHkaraNa rUpa 10 indriyoM kA nhiiN| yadyapi jJAnendriyoM meM rasanendriya, ghrANendriya aura sparzendriya tathA karmendriyoM meM upastha ye cAra indriyA~ vyAvahArika dRSTi se bhogendriyA~ mAnI jAtI haiM, kintu sUkSma dRSTi se vicAra karane para ye cAroM tathA inake sAtha zeSa chaha indriyA~ bhI vastutaH sIdhI taura para (Directly) jJAtRtva aura kartRtva kI hI karaNa (sAdhana) haiM, bhoktRtva kI nhiiN| paramparA se bhoga kI sAdhana hone para bhI antaHkaraNa hI inakI sahAyatA se vAstavika bhoktA hotA hai| . antaHkaraNa ke cAra vibhAga haiM-mana, buddhi, citta aura ahNkaar| zAstroM meM 'mana' zabda kA hI prayoga adhikAMza rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| anya tIna zabdoM kA prayoga vahA~ atyanta alpa hai| vahA~ 'mana' zabda ke kahane se 1. karmarahasya (jinendravarNI) se pR. 95-96 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #500
478. karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . hI cAroM kA samavetarUpa se grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| kintu karma ke prakriyAtmaka svarUpa ke sandarbha meM sarvasAdhAraNa ko ina cAroM kA spaSTa antara batAnA abhISTa hone se ina cAroM kI pRthak-pRthak kArya-praNAlI batAnA Avazyaka hai| mana kA kArya manana karanA hai, buddhi kA kArya hai-satya-asatya kA viveka karanA, citta kA kAma bhUta-bhaviSya kA cintana karanA hai aura ahaMkAra kA kArya-apane iSTa viSaya kA upabhoga karanA hai, athavA maiM-merA, tU-terA ityAdi kI muhara-chApa lagA-lagAkara una viSayoM para apanA svAmitva sthApita karanA yA amanojJa-aniSTa viSayoM ke prati apanI aruci dikhalAnA hai| netra Adi indriyoM kI bhAMti sthUla dRSTi meM pratyakSa na hone ke kAraNa antaHkaraNa (mana) ko zAstroM meM anindriya athavA no-indriya (ISat-indriya) kahA gayA hai| kintu vAstava meM dekhA jAe to bahiHkaraNarUpa pUrvokta dasoM indriyoM kA zAstA hone ke kAraNa yahI pradhAna indriya hai| jJAnakaraNa ke dvArA jAnA gayA yA grahaNa kiyA gayA pratyeka viSaya aura karma-karaNa ke dvArA kiyA gayA pratyeka kArya upabhoga karane ke lie antaHkaraNa ko hI prApta hotA hai| antaHkaraNa kI preraNA se hI donoM prakAra ke bahiHkaraNa apaneapane kArya meM niyukta hote haiM, saMlagna hote haiN| antaHkaraNa ke sakriya hone para hI ye saba bahiHkaraNa sakriya ho uThate haiM aura antaHkaraNa ke niSkriya yA zAnta ho jAne para ye bhI niSkriya yA zAnta ho jAte haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to antaHkaraNa inakA svAmI haiM, ye usake sevaka (sevikAe~) haiN| antaHkaraNa ke saMketa yA preraNA se hI ye bahiHkaraNa prAyaH sakriya-niSkriya yA kArya-niyukta-aniyukta hote hai| antaHkaraNa kA kArya vibhAjana evaM prakriyA jinendravarNI jI ne inake kArya evaM prakriyA kA vizleSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai-"antaHkaraNa (zAsaka) kI zAsana vyavasthA atyanta vaijJAnika tathA paripUrNa hai|......(in bahiHkaraNa rUpa) dasoM indriyoM kA svAmI mana hai aura mana kI svAminI buddhi hai| buddhi kA svAmI citta hai aura citta kA svAmI ahNkaar| dUsare prakAra se kaheM to ahaMkAra rAjA hai, citta usakA (maMtrI) mitra hai aura buddhi prdhaanmNtrii| mana ina donoM maMtriyoM kA sekreTarI (saciva) hai| indriyA~ unake adhIna vibhinna vibhAgoM kI adhikAriNI haiN|" 1. karmarahasya (jinendravarNI) se pR. 97 2. vahI, pR. 98 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #501
karma kA prakriyAtmaka svarUpa 479 inakI prakriyA kA krama batalAte hue ve likhate haiM- "svAmibhakta sevikAoM kI bhA~ti jJAnendriyA~ apane-apane pratiniyata viSaya ko grahaNa karake use apane svAmI mana ke prati hastAntarita kara detI haiN| usa viSaya ke prApta ho jAne para kyA, kyoM, kaise Adi ke anekoM vikalpa uThAkara vaha (mana) usakA saba ora se nirIkSaNa-parIkSaNa karatA hai| yahI usakA manana kahalAtA hai| manana kara cukane para vaha use citta kI prayogazAlA meM bheja detA hai| vaha bhUta kI smRtiyoM ke sAtha, tathA bhAvI kI sambhAvanAoM ke sAtha milAna karane ke lie cintana kI kasauTI para kasatA hai| Age jAne para yaha kadAcit mere ahaMkAra ko hAni to nahIM pahu~cAyegA athavA jitanA lAbha use pahu~cAnA cAhie, usase kucha kama to nahIM karegA ?....... ityAdi (vizleSaNapUrvaka) apanA kAma kara cukane para citta use apane mitra ahaMkAra ke pAsa usakI bhogazAlA meM bheja detA hai| vaha maiM-merA, tU-terA, iSTa-aniSTa ityAdi rUpa dvandvoM kI mudrA se aMkita karake use antima nirNaya ke lie apane maMtrI buddhi kI nyAyazAlA meM bheja detA hai| mana tathA citta ke dvArA kiye gae parIkSaNa kA aura ahaMkAra ke dvArA aMkita kI gaI (dvandvAtmaka) mudrAoM kA punarapi sUkSma nirIkSaNa-parIkSaNa karake vaha (buddhi)"yaha viSaya grAhya hai, athavA tyAjya hai; kartavya hai, athavA akartavya aisA nirNaya sunA detI hai|" "buddhi ke isa nirNaya ko sunakara ahaMkAra yadi use anukUla pAtA hai to harSita ho jAtA hai, aura pratikUla pAtA hai to udAsa..... / harSita avasthA meM utsAha ke sAtha aura udAsa avasthA meM kucha anamane bhAva se vaha buddhi kI usa AjJA ko citta ke prati pradAna karatA hai| jise prApta karake vaha bhI ahaMkAra kI bhAMti harSita tathA udAsa hokara AgA-pIchA dekhane lagatA hai aura use samucita kAryavAhI ke liye mana ke pAsa bheja detA hai|" "tadanusAra mana karmendriyoM (tathA bahiHkaraNarUpa jJAnendriyoM ) ko AjJA karatA hai ki turanta isa viSaya ko baMdI banAkara mere darabAra meM upasthita karo, athavA ise yahA~ se haTAkara sAgara meM DubA Ao, athavA isameM kucha isa prakAra kA parivartana karo, ityaadi| apane svAmI kI AjJA pAkara hAtha-paira Adi karmendriyA~ (tathA netrAdi jJAnendriyA~) nirvilamba apane-apane kAma meM juTa jAtI haiM, aura usa samaya taka athaka parizrama karatI rahatI haiM, jaba taka ki apane svAmI mana ko santuSTa na kara leN"| "ye adhikAdhika utsAha ke sAtha usa (mana) kI sevA meM isa prakAra juTI rahatI haiM ki unheM yaha socane kA bhI avakAza nahIM milatA ki hama kyA kara rahI haiM aura kyoM kara rahI hai ?" For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #502
480 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3), antaHkaraNa jaba taka bahirmukhI rahatA hai, taba taka jJAtRtva, kartRtva aura bhoktRtva sabhI karma bandhanakAraka hote haiN| trividha karaNa ke pAMca jJAnakaraNa, pA~ca karmakaraNa aura cAra antaHkaraNa, yoM 14 bhAgoM meM vibhakta karaNoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM, cetanA ( AtmA) nAma kI prasiddha zakti hai, jo apane saMkalpa dvArA ina sabako apane-apane kAryoM meM niyukta karatI haiN| vaha caudaha prakAra kI na hokara eka hI hai| jisa karaNa ke prati yaha zakti (AtmA) upayogayukta hotI hai, vaha karaNa hI kAma karatA hai, zeSa saba karaNa usa samaya nizceSTa rahate haiN| cetanAzakti kA karaNoM ke prati upayuktikaraNa __AkAzIya vidyuta ke samAna zIghratA ke sAtha caudaha karaNoM meM upayogayukta rahane ke kAraNa yaha eka hI zakti caudaha rUpa meM huI pratIta hotI hai| parantu vastutaH eka samaya meM vaha eka hI karaNa ke prati upayukta hotI hai| usa samaya eka hI karaNa kArya karatA hai, zeSa nhiiN| jaise-TaoNrca ke prakAza ko kisI eka hI vastu para phokasa (kandrita) kara dene para kevala vahI vastu dikhAI detI hai, isI prakAra isa cetanA zakti (AtmA) ko bhI eka viSaya ke prati (eka karaNa ko) upayukta (kandrita) kara dene para vahI eka viSaya jAnA yA kiyA jAtA hai, anya nhiiN| eka hI cetanAzakti kA upayuktikaraNa do prakAra kA karaNoM ke prati cetanA zakti (AtmA) kA yaha upayuktikaraNa do prakAra kA jainAgamoM meM mAnA gayA hai- (1) kartRtva pakSa meM yoga (trividha) ke rUpa meM aura jJAtRtva tathA bhoktRtvapakSa meM upayoga ke rUpa meN| jJAtRtva pakSa meM viSaya kI pratIti pradhAna hai, tathA bhoktRtva pakSa meM kisI viSaya ko AtmasAt karake tajjanita harSa-viSAda kI yA sukha-duHkha kI pratIti hI pradhAna hotI hai; kartRtva nhiiN| isI prakAra kartRtva pakSa meM halana-calana rUpa kriyA pradhAna hotI hai| kintu jJAtRtva tathA bhoktRtva pakSa meM viSayoM kI tathA tajjanita harSa-viSAda kI pratIti karane vAlI cetanA to koI anya ho aura karanedharane vAlI cetanA koI anya ho, aisA nahIM hotaa| eka hI cetanA do kArya karatI hai| jAnane tathA bhogane ke samaya vaha viSaya kI evaM harSa-viSAda kI pratIti karatI hai aura karane ke samaya vaha halana-calana rUpa kArya meM pravRtta hotI hai| pratIti karate samaya usakI 'upayoga' evaM kArya karate samaya 'yoga' nAmaka zAstrIya saMjJA hai| cetanA meM donoM prakAra kI zaktiyA~ haiM-jJAnazakti 1. karmarahasya (jinendravarNI) se pR. 98-99-100 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #503
karma kA prakriyAtmaka svarUpa 481 aura kriyaa-shkti| jJAna ke prati upayukta hone para upayoga tathA kriyA ke prati upayukta hone para 'yoga' kahalAtI hai|' yahA~ karma ke prasaMga meM kriyArUpa yoga hI pradhAna hai ____yadyapi prasaMgavazAt yahA~ 'upayoga' (jJAna-darzana upayoga) kA kathana kara diyA hai, tathApi 'karma' ke pakSa meM kriyArUpa yA pravRttirUpa 'yoga' hI pradhAna hai, upayoga nhiiN| yadyapi samagra ko yugapat jAnanA tathA AtmAnubhava karanA vAstavika jJAtRtva-bhoktRtva hai, tathApi karma kI prakriyA ke rUpa meM jisa jJAtRtva tathA bhoktRtva kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha saba kriyArUpa yA pravRttirUpa hai| arthAt-jJAtRtva evaM bhoktRtva kA grahaNa bhI yahA~ karma ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai| cUMki samagra ko jAnanA jJAtRtva mAtra na hokara jJAtRtva kriyA hai, kyoMki isameM bhI pUrva-pUrva viSaya ko chor3akara uttara-uttara viSayoM ke prati netrAdi jJAnendriyA~ daur3atI rahatI haiM, isalie jJAtRtva bhI kriyArUpa hai| tathA iSTa viSaya ko grahaNa karake aniSTa viSaya kA tyAga karanA bhoktRtva pakSa kI kriyA hai, jo antaHkaraNa kI bhAga-daur3a hai aura karmendriyoM dvArA to pratyakSa kriyA dRSTigocara hotI hai| ye tInoM prakAra ke karaNa kriyArata-pravRttirUpa hote haiN| isalie karma ke prasaMga meM ina tInoM kI kriyA ko 'yoga' kahA gayA hai| yoga zabda kA zAstrIya artha yoga zabda kA vyutpattilabhya artha hai-do padArthoM kA pArasparika judd'naa| pUrvokta tInoM prakAra kI kriyAoM-pravRttiyoM meM cetanA kA jur3Ana (yoga) karaNoM ke sAtha hotA hai, isalie zAstra meM ina tInoM (mana, vacana, kAya) kI pravRtti ko 'yoga' kahA gayA hai| yoga : karaNoM ke mAdhyama se cetanAzakti kA cacala honA vastutaH karaNoM ke mAdhyama se cetanAzakti kA kSubdha, caMcala, spandita athavA kriyAzIla ho uThanA usakA 'yoga' kahalAtA hai| yoga kA lakSaNa caMcalatA yA parispandana hone se vaha eka hI prakAra kA pratIta hotA hai, kintu kriyA yA karma kI dRSTi se dekhane para vaha jJAtRtva, kartRtva evaM bhoktatva rUpa se tIna prakAra kA hai, tathaiva karaNoM kI apekSA bhI tIna prakAra kA hai| yoga tIna prakAra ke haiM- mana, vacana aura kaay| mana kahane se mana, buddhi, citta aura ahaMkAra ina cAroM (antaHkaraNa) kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai| vacana 1. karmarahasya ( jinendravarNI) se pR. 101-102 2. vahI, pR. 105-106 . For Personal & Private Use Only

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482 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) kahane se vANIkriyA karane vAlI vAgindriya kA evaM kAya kahane se isake atirikta zeSa cAra indriya kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai|' karma-prakriyA kA prArambha bhAvakaraNarUpa yoga se 'karma' kI prakriyA jaba prArambha hotI hai, taba sIdhA sambandha ina manavacana-kAyA ke sthUla rUpa dravyakaraNarUpa se nahIM hotA, apitu inake bhAvakaraNarUpa sUkSma rUpa se hotA hai| isIlie zAstra meM mana-vacana-kAyarUpa (athavA pUrvokta tInoM karaNa rUpa) yoga do-do rUpa meM batAe gae haiM-dravyarUpa meM aura bhAvarUpa meN| arthAt ye donoM hI mana-vacana-kAya ke bheda se tInatIna prakAra ke haiM:-dravyamana-bhAvamana, dravyavacana- bhAvavacana, drvykaaybhaavkaay| dravyarUpa aura bhAvarUpa mana-vacana-kAyA kA svarUpa aura kArya zrI jinendravarNI ne inakA vizleSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai-mana kahane se jJAnendriyoM sahita pUre antaHkaraNa kA grahaNa hotA hai| isalie mana se pahale jJAnendriyoM kA vicAra karate haiN| jJAnendriyA~ do prakAra kI mAnI gaI haiMdravyendriyA~ aura bhaavendriyaaN| paramANuoM se nirmita netragolaka Adi kI racanA aura pRthak-pRthak Akuti rUpa upakaraNa dravyendriyA~ haiM aura inakI pRSThabhUmi meM avasthita dekhane-sunane Adi kI cetanA zakti (arthAtdekhane-sunane Adi kI labdhi, kSamatA evaM yogyatA tathA dekhane sunane Adi kA upayoga) bhAvendriyA~ hai|" ___mana bhI do prakAra kA hai-dravyamana aura bhAvamana / isa zarIra ke bhItara hRdaya-sthAna para sUkSma prANavAhinI nAr3iyoM kI eka aSTadala-kamala ke AkAra vAlI granthi hai| yogadarzana ke AcArya ise anAhata cakra kahate haiN| yahI jainAcAryoM kA abhipreta dravyamana hai| 2. ........paramANuoM se nirmita hone ke kAraNa aSTadala kamala vAlA ukta cakra dravyamana hai, aura bhAvendriya kI bhAMti isakI pRSThabhUmi meM sthita saMkalpa-vikalpa karane kI, tathA cetanA kA upayoga hone ke kAraNa manana karane kI vaha cetanAzakti bhAvamana hai| antaHkaraNa ke zeSa tIna aMga bhI dravya aura bhAva ke bheda se do-do prakAra ke haiN| donoM bhakuTiyoM ke madhya meM sthita dvidalIya kamala ke AkAra kA AjJAcakra dravyabuddhi hai aura usakI pRSThabhUmi meM sthita nirNaya karane kI (cetanA-zakti bhAvabuddhi hai| kaNThasthAna meM sthita dvAdaza dala-kamala ke 1. karmarahasya (jinendravarNI) se pR. 109-111 2. digambara paramparA meM dravyamana kA sthAna hRdaya mAnA hai para zvetAmbara granthoM meM dravyamana kA sthAna sampUrNa zarIra hai| dekheM- darzana aura cintana-bhAga 1, pR. 140 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA prakriyAtmaka svarUpa 483 AkAra vAlA vizuddhi cakra dravyacitta hai aura usakI pRSThabhUmi meM sthita cintana karane kI (cetanA-) zakti bhAvacitta hai| nAbhisthAna para sthita caturdala kamala ke AkAra vAle maNipUra cakra ko hama dravya-aMhakAra samajha sakate haiN| isakI pRSThabhUmi meM sthita maiM-merA, tU-terA rUpa dvandva karane vAlI (cetanA-) zakti bhAva-ahaMkAra hai|" vacana bhI do prakAra kA hai- dravyavacana aura bhaavvcn| kaNTha, tAlu aura jihvA ke spandana se jisakI abhivyakti hotI hai aura kAnoM ke dvArA jo sunA jAtA hai, zabdavargaNA (bhASA varSaNA) nAmaka kinhIM vizeSa jAti ke paramANuoM se nirmita hone ke kAraNa, vaha dravyAtmaka vacana dravyavacana hai| ina (paramANuoM) ke spandana se sunA jAne yogya jo zabda hotA hai, vaha bhI vAstava meM dravyAtmaka hai| dravyavacana bhI do prakAra kA hai-antarjalpa aura bhirjlp| . bhAvavacana, mana kA vaha vikalpa hai, jisakI preraNA se kaNTha, tAlu Adi kriyA karate haiN| mana ke isa vikalpa ko bAhara meM prakaTa karanA hI dravyavacana kA uddezya hai| jaisA bhI vaha vikalpa hotA hai, vaisA hI vacana nikalatA hai, vikalpa satya ho to satya vacana, asatya ho to asatyavacana, mizra ho to mizravacana aura vikalpa anubhaya rUpa (vyavahAra bhASAgata) ho to anubhayarUpa vyavahAra vacana nikalatA hai| 'kAya ke prakaraNa meM karmendriyoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| jJAnendriyoM kI bhAMti karmendriyA~ bhI do prakAra kI hotI haiM-dravyarUpa aura bhaavruup| paramANuoM se nirmita hone ke kAraNa hAtha-paira Adi dravyAtmaka haiM aura unakI pRSThabhUmi meM sthita cetanA kI vaha yogazakti bhAvAtmaka hai, jisake dvArA ye ceSTA karate haiN| karmendriyoM kI bhA~ti dravyAtmaka jJAnendriyA~ aura dravyAtmaka antaHkaraNa bhI (zarIra ke aMga hone se) dravyakAya meM garbhita haiN| vizeSatA itanI hai ki upayogAtmaka hone ke kAraNa unake bhAvAtmaka pakSa kA kAya meM grahaNa honA sambhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra paramANuoM se nirmita karmendriyA~, paramANuoM se nirmita jJAnendriyA~ tathA paramANuoM se nirmita antaHkaraNa, ye saba kAya ke antargata haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki paramANuoM se nirmita zarIra tathA usake sakala aMgopAMga dravyakAya hai, aura inakI pRSThabhUmi meM sthita cetanA kI vaha yogazakti bhAvakAya hai, tathaiva zarIra aura usake aMgopAMgoM kI (saMkalpapUrvaka hone vAlI) ceSTA yA halana-calana rUpa kriyA bhI bhAvakAya hai|' 1. vahI, (jinendravarNI) se pR. 111-112 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #506
484 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) karma kI trividha yogAtmaka-caturdazavidha karaNAtmaka prakriyA "dravyamana, dravyavacana tathA dravyakAya, ye tInoM hI paramANuoM kI. racanAe~ haiM, kriyA nahIM; isalie karmoM ke AsravakAraka yA bandhakAraka yoga. ke prakaraNa meM inakA grahaNa nahIM hotaa| ye yoga ke kAraNa haiM, kintu svayaM yoga nahIM / jisa prakAra netra rUpa grahaNa karane vAle jJAnopayoga kA karaNa hai, parantu svayaM upayoga nahIM hai| ceSTArUpa (pravRttimaya) hone ke kAraNa bhAvamana (bhAvAntaHkaraNa sahita), bhAvavacana aura bhAvakAya hI trividha yoga hai| inhIM bhAvamana-vacana-kAyA ke kahane se karmavidhAna ke pUrvokta 14 karaNoM kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai| saMkalpapUrvaka pravRttirUpa kRtakakarma bhAvanA kA kArya hai, kintu ina tInoM bhAvayogoM ke pIche cetanAzakti kA sIdhA sambandha hone se karma kI prakriyA pUrvokta 14 bhAvakaraNoM ke mAdhyama se niSpanna hotI hai| yaha bhI karma kA bhAva-prakriyAtmaka rUpa hai| __ karma ke pUrvokta sabhI prakriyAtmaka rUpoM ko samajha lene para karmoM kA nirodha aura kSaya karane meM sAdhaka sAvadhAna raha sakatA hai| . For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #507
8 karma aura nokarma : lakSaNa, kArya aura antara karma : zabda eka : artha aura Azaya aneka karma - zabda aisA vilakSaNa hai ki vaha apane meM aneka arthoM ko sameTe hue hai| zabda kI eka sImA hotI hai, zabda meM aneka artha aura nAnA Azaya sannihita hote haiM, usake aneka arthoM aura AzayoM ko sandarbha se hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| sandarbha kA patA bhI usa zabda ke vyavahAra yA prayoga se lagatA hai| karmazabda jaba-jaba prayukta hotA hai, taba-taba vaha apane vyaktitva evaM vyApakatva kI chaTA dikhalAtA hai| karmazabda kA sAmAnyatayA artha hotA hai - kArya, kriyA, kartavya yA pariNati / kArya yA kartavya kI apanI koI AkRti nahIM hai, kintu jaba vaha adhyAtma ke kSetra meM, deha meM videha ko prApta karane ke Azaya se prayukta hotA hai, to usakI eka Thosa AkRti hotI hai ! jainakarma-vijJAna-marmajJoM ne use lakSaNa ke sAMce meM isa taraha vyavasthita rUpa se DhAlA hai ki karma-vijJAna kA vidyArthI yA jijJAsu sAdhaka use zIghra hI pahacAna jAegA ki yaha karma hai, vikarma hai, akarma haiM, athavA nokarma hai; kyoMki jaina darzana meM karmazabda gaNitIya hai| manovijJAna, bhautikavijJAna evaM yoga-darzana Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se vaha napA- tulA vyavasthita aura tarkasaMgata hai| rAjahaMsa jaise apanI coMca se dUdha aura pAnI ko alaga-alaga kara detA hai, usI prakAra karma - vaijJAnikoM ne apanI viziSTa jJAnacaMcu se karma aura nokarma kA pRthakkaraNa kara diyA hai| karma evaM dvividhadravyavargaNA: karma-vargaNA aura nokarmavargaNA "samAna guNayukta sUkSma aviccheda avibhAgI samUha ko vargaNA kahate haiM / " gommaTasAra, SaTkhaNDAgama Adi granthoM meM aisI kula 23 vargaNAe~ mAnI gaI haiN|' ina teIsa vargaNAoM meM kArmaNa vargaNA, bhASA vargaNA, manovargaNA 1 aNu, saMkhyatANu, asaMkhyatANu, anantANu, AhAra, agrAhya, taijasa, agrAhya, bhASA, . agrAhya, mano, agrAhya, kArmaNa, dhruva, sAntara - nirantara, zUnya, pratyeka zarIra, dhruvazUnya, bAdaranigoda, zUnya, sUkSmanigoda nabho aura mahAskandha-ye pudgala vargaNA ke 23 bheda haiN| - dhavalA pu. 14 kha 5 bhA. 6 sU. 71 pR. 52 - gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 594-595 485 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #508
486 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3).. aura taijasavargaNA, ye cAra prakAra kI karma-vargaNAe~ haiN| zeSa 19 vargaNAe~ nokarmavargaNAe~ haiN| isa prakAra dravyavargaNA do prakAra kI hai-karmavargaNAM aura nokrmvrgnnaa| kArmaNa vargaNA karma banane yogya pudgala paramANu ko kahate haiN|' anAdikAlIna karmamaloM se yukta jIva jaba rAgAdi kaSAyoM se saMtapta hokara koI mAnasika, vAcika yA kAyika kriyA yA pravRtti karatA hai, taba kArmaNavargaNA ke pudgala-paramANu AtmA kI ora usI prakAra AkRSTa hote haiM, jisa prakAra lohA cumbaka kI ora AkRSTa hotA hai| ye hI kArmaNavargaNA ke pudgala-paramANu AtmA kI svAbhAvika zakti kA ghAta karake usakI svataMtratA ko roka dete haiM, isalie ye pudgala-paramANu 'karma' kahalAte haiN| SaTkhaNDAgama kI TIkA meM pUrvokta 23 dravyavargaNAoM meM se cAra kArmaNavargaNA (kArmaNa, bhASA, mana aura taijasa) ko karma aura zeSa 19 vargaNAoM ko 'nokarma' kahA hai| kArmaNazarIra karmarUpa aura audArikAdi zarIra nokarmarUpa zarIra pA~ca prakAra ke haiM-(1) audArika, (2) vaikriya, (3) AhAraka, (4) taijasa aura (5) kaarmnn| inameM se kArmaNazarIra karmarUpa hai, aura zeSa audArika Adi cAra prakAra ke zarIra nokarmarUpa haiN| 3 kArmaNazarIra ko upacAra se karma kahA gayA yadyapi karma vAstava meM cetana-pravRtti kA nAma hai, jisake viSaya meM pichale prakaraNoM meM vistRta rUpa se likhA jA cukA hai, tathApi usakA kArya tathA kAraNa hone se kArmaNazarIra ko bhI upacAra se karma kahA jAtA hai| vizeSatA itanI hai ki cetana kI rAgAdi pravRtti kI bhAMti yaha bhAvAtmaka na hokara karmavargaNA ke paramANuoM se nirmita hone ke kAraNa dravyAtmaka haidravyakarma hai| 1 (ka) davvavaggaNA duvihA-kammavaggaNA, nokammavaggaNA ceti tattha kammavaggaNA NAma aTThakammakkhandha-niphphaNa // (kha) sesa ekkoNavIsavaggaNAo NokammavaggaNAo -dhavalA 14/5/6/71/52/5-6 2 (ka) tattvArthavArtika 6/2/51 (kha) jainadarzana meM AtmavicAra (DaoN. lAlacanda jaina) se pR. 183 "oraaliy-veuvviy-aahaary-tej-nnaamkmmudye| cau NokammasarIrA, kammeva ya hodi kammaiyaM // -gommaTasAra (jI.) mU. 244/507 4 karmarahasya (jinendra varNI) se pR. 126 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma aura nokarma : lakSaNa, kArya aura antara 487 karma se pRthaka nokarma-saMjJA kyoM? jisa prakAra kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karake kArmaNazarIra ko 'dravyakama' kahA gayA hai, usI prakAra audArika Adi zarIroM ko dravyakarma kahA jA sakatA hai| parantu kArmaNazarIrarUpa dravyakarma jisa prakAra AtmA kI zakti kA ghAta karatA hai, usa prakAra ye (dravya) karma AtmA kI zakti kA ghAta nahIM krte| yahI kAraNa hai ki inheM 'karma' na kahakara AcAryoM ne 'nokarma' kI saMjJA dI hai| 'nokarma zabda kI vyAkhyA gommaTasAra meM isakI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki 'no' zabda do arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai-viparyaya artha meM aura ISat yA kiJcit artha meN| cU~ki kAryaNazarIra kI bhAMti ye cAra zarIra (audArikAdi) AtmA ke guNoM kA ghAta nahIM karate, athavA gati Adi meM paribhramaNarUpa se parAdhIna nahIM kara sakate, isaliye 'karma' se isakA (nokarma kA) lakSaNa viparIta hone se inheM nokarma kahA gayA hai; arthAt-inameM karma kA niSedha yA karma se viparyaya hone se inheM akarmazarIra kahA gayA hai| athavA karmazarIra ke ye sahakArI haiM, isalie inheM nokarma arthAt-ISat karma-zarIra kahA hai| ataH samasta zarIroM kI utpatti ke mUla kAraNabhUta kArmaNazarIra ko karma (dravyakama) aura zeSa zarIroM ko 'nokarma' kahA hai| kyoMki audArikAdi cAroM zarIra karmazarIra ke sahakArI hote haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki 'nokarma' karma to nahIM hai, kintu karma kA sahAyaka hai| 'nokarma' karma ke phala-pradAna meM athavA karma ke udaya meM sahAyaka tattva hai| kyA karma kI taraha nokarma bhI bandhanakAraka hai? kaI jainakarmavijJAna se anabhijJa loga karma aura nokarma ko eka samajha lete haiM aura jisa prakAra karma ko bandhanakAraka, Atma-guNa-ghAtaka, 1 (ka) karmarahasya (jinendra varNI) se pR. 126 (kha) jainadarzana meM AtmavicAra (DaoN. lAlacanda jaina) se pR. 197 2. (ka) "nozabdasya viparyaye ISadarthe ca vRtteH| teSAM zarIrANA karmavadAtma-guNa-ghAtitva-gatyAdi pArataMtrya-hetutvAbhAvena karma-viparyayatvAt karmasahakAritvena ISatkarmatvAcca nokarma zarIratva-sambhavAt no-indriyvt||" -gommaTasAra jIvakANDa (jIvatattvaprabodhinI) gA. 244/508/2 (kha) sarva zarIra-prarohaNa-bIjabhUtaM karmiNazarIraM karmetyucyate / -tattvArtha sarvArthasiddhi 2/25/182/8 3 (ka) karmavAda se pR. 93 ... (kha) karma-mImAMsA (sva. yuvAcArya madhukara muni) se pR. 30 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #510
488 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3). Atmazakti pratibandhaka evaM Avaraka samajhate haiM, isI prakAra zarIra aura zarIra se sambaddha mAtA-pitA, parivAra, patnI, putrAdi sajIva tathA dhana makAna, jamIna-jAyadAda Adi nirjIva padArthoM ke viSaya meM bhI kaha dete hai| ki ye bhI bandhanakAraka haiN| prazna yaha hai ki kyA jainadarzana ina saba padArthoM ko bandhanakAraka, AtmaguNaghAtaka yA Atmazakti-pratibandhaka mAnatA hai ? kyA AtmA inake bandhana meM baMdha jAtI hai? nokarma ke do prakAra : baddhanokarma, abaddhanokarma jainakarmavijJAnamarmajJoM ne isakA samAdhAna isa prakAra kiyA hai-zarIra aura zarIra se sambaddha parivAra, dhana-sampatti, sAdhana, indriyA~, aMgopAMga Adi sabako nokarma kahA gayA hai| ___nokarma bhI do prakAra ke haiM-baddhanokarma aura abddhnokrm| saMsArI dazA meM jahA~ zarIra hai, vahA~ AtmA hai, donoM eka dUsare ke sAtha baMdhe hue tathA dUdha-pAnI kI taraha paraspara mile hue haiN| zarIra (cAroM zarIra) AtmA se baMdhe hue hone ke kAraNa baddha-nokarma haiN| isake viparIta jo zarIra kI taraha AtmA ke sAtha sampRkta-saMyukta nahIM rahate, na hI ve saba AtmA ke sAtha dUdha-pAnI kI taraha ekameka hokara rahate haiM, aura na zarIra kI taraha sadaiva aura sarvatra sAtha rahate haiM, arthAt ye nizcitarUpa se hara samaya, hara kSetra meM sAtha nahIM rahate; isalie ye abaddhanokarma kahalAte haiN| dhana-sampatti, parivAra, makAna Adi abaddhanokarma haiN|' donoM prakAra ke nokarmoM meM AtmA ko bA~dhane kI zakti nahIM baddha ho yA abaddha, donoM hI prakAra ke nokarmoM meM AtmA ko svayaM bAdhita karane, bA~dhane tathA AtmazaktiyoM yA AtmaguNoM kA ghAta karane kI zakti nahIM hai| inakI kyA tAkata hai ki ye ananta zaktizAlI AtmA ko bA~dha leM ? yadi inameM AtmA ko bA~dhane kI zakti hotI to ye bhagavAn mahAvIra Adi tIrthaMkaroM, kevalajJAnI mahApuruSoM yA mahAmuniyoM yA bharatacakravartI jaise Rddhi-vaibhavasampanna vyaktiyoM ko bhI bAMdha lete, mukta na hone dete| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa karmaphalabhogarUpa meM zarIra, indriyA~, bhUmi, AkAza Adi kaI nokarmarUpa padArtha the aura rahe, phira bhI ve unheM nahIM bA~dha ske| ataH bandhana na zarIrAdi meM hai, na indriya-aMgopAMga Adi nokarmoM meM hai| samayasAra ke anusAra vastuoM se karmabandha nahIM hotA, bandha hotA hai-rAgadveSayukta adhyavasAya-saMkalpa se| 1 2 karmamImAMsA (sva. yuvAcArya zrI madhukaramuni) se pR. 30 Na ya vatyudo du baMdho, ajjhavasANeNa baMdho'tyi / -samayasAra 265 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #511
karma aura nokarma : lakSaNa, kArya aura antara 489 ataH nokarma vAstava meM karma nahIM hai; magara vaha lagatA hai, karma jaisA hI / no kA artha ISat hone se vaha ISat arthAt - choTA yA kiJcit karma hai|' sthUla sUkSma sabhI paMcabhautika padArtha zarIra meM antarbhUta hone se nokarma haiM zrI jinendravarNI ke anusAra "yadyapi audArika Adi zarIra (aMgopAMga, indriya Adi) kahane se cetana kI samasta pravRttiyoM ke pradhAna kAraNa bhUta isa sthUla zarIra kA grahaNa hotA hai, tathApi tAttvika dRSTi se dekhane para jagat meM sthUla yA sUkSma, jo bhI, jitane bhI dRSTa padArtha haiM, ve saba isI meM garbhita haiM, (isI se sambaddha haiM); kyoMki jitane bhI dRSTa padArtha haiM, ve saba yA to Aja kisI ke zarIra haiM yA pahale kisI ke zarIra raha cuke haiN| jIvAtmA ke dvArA tyakta ho jAne se bhale hI Aja ve saba bhautika (paudgalika) yA jar3a padArthoM ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiye jAte hoM, parantu unakA pUrva - itihAsa khojane para patA calatA hai ki ye saba pahale kisI na kisI jIva ke zarIra (kalevara) raha cuke haiM jaise ki kASTha, kar3I, pharnIcara Adi saba vanaspatikAya ke mRtaka zarIra haiM, aura mahala, makAna, mazIneM, dhana, AbhUSaNa, sonA-cAMdI Adi dhAtu, bartana, peTrola Adi saba pRthvIkAya ke mRta zarIra (kalevara) haiN| 'isa prakAra paMca-bhautika nAma se prasiddha jitane kucha bhI padArtha hamAre vyavahArapatha meM A rahe haiN| ve saba isa jIvita zarIra kI bhAMti hI zarIra haiN|" " 2: sAkSAt karma na kahakara nokarma kyoM kahA gayA ? jJAnendriyoM ke dvArA hone para hI unake saMyoga tathA viyoga ke liye hamArI sakala pravRttiyA~ prArambha hotI haiN| ataH ye hamArI pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa avazya haiM, isalie (dravya) karma haiM, parantu karma hote hue bhI kArmaNazarIra kI bhAMti ye karmoM ke saMskAroM ko grahaNa karane meM samartha nahIM haiN| isalie inheM sAkSAt karma na kahakara, nokarma athavA kiJcit (ISat) karma kahA gayA hai / "3 isI kAraNa eka AcArya ne nokarma kA lakSaNa kiyA hai - "audArika, vaikriya aura AhAraka zarIra tathA AhArAdi chaha paryAptiyoM ke yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karane ko 'nokarma' kahate hai| 14 1 karmamImAMsA (sva. yuvAcArya zrI madhukaramuni) pR. 30-31 2 karmarahasya (jinendravarNI) se pR. 126-127 3 vahI, pR. 127 jainadarzana meM AtmavicAra (DaoN. lAlacanda jaina) meM uddhRta pR. 197 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #512
490 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . karma aura nokarma meM antara kA spaSTIkaraNa tattvArtha rAjavArtika meM karma aura nokarma ke antara ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai-"AtmA ke yoga (mana-vacana-kAyAjanya pravRttiyoM) pariNAma ke dvArA jo kiyA jAtA hai, use karma kahate haiM, yaha (kama) AtmA ko parataMtra banAne kA mUla kAraNa hai| karma ke udaya se prApta audArika zarIra Adi rUpa pudgala-pariNAma, jo AtmA ke sukha-duHkha-balAdhAna meM sahAyaka kAraNa hotA hai, vaha 'nokarma' kahalAtA hai| sthiti ke bheda se bhI karma aura nokarma meM antara hai|" nokarma kA lakSaNa ___ 'adhyAtmarahasya' meM nokarma kA lakSaNa bhI isI se milatA-julatA kiyA gayA hai-"saMsArI jIvoM ke karmoM ke udaya se unake aMgAdi (zarIra aura paryAptiyoM) kI vRddhi-hAni ke rUpa meM jo pudgala paramANuoM kA samUha pariNata hotA hai, vaha nokarma kahalAtA hai| nokarma : karmavipAka meM sahAyaka sAmagrI "prajJApanA sUtra" kI vRtti meM nokarma ko karmavipAka kI sahAyaka sAmagrI batAte hue kahA gayA hai "kaI bAhya dravya bhI karmoM ke udaya aura kSayopazama Adi meM sahAyaka kAraNa dekhe jAte haiN| jaise-jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama meM bAhya auSadhi (brAhmI, bAdAma, sarasvatIcUrNa Adi) sahAyaka nimitta hotI hai, isI prakAra madirApAna jJAnAvaraNIyakarma ke udaya meM sahAyaka nimitta banatA hai| aisA na ho to, auSadhi se yuktAyuktaviveka aura surApAna se vivekavikalatA kyoM hotI hai ?" 1. "atrAha-karma-nokarmaNaH kaH prativizeSaH ? ucyate-AtmabhAvena yoga- bhAva lakSaNena kriyate iti krm| tadAtmano'svataMtrIkaraNe muulkaarnnm| tadudayApAditaH pudgala-pariNAma AtmanaH sukha-duHkha-balAdhAna hetuH audArikazarIrAdiH ISatkarma nokrmtyucyte| kiM ca sthitibhedAdabhedaH / " -tattvArtha rAjavArtika 5/24/488/20 2. adhyAtma-rahasya gA. 63 3. (ka) karmamImAMsA (sva. yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni) se pR. 30 (kha) "bAhyAnyapi dravyANi karmaNAmudaya-kSayopazamAdi-hetava uplbhynte| yathA bAhyoSadhiAnAvaraNa-kSayopazamasya surApAna jJAnAvaraNodayasya, kathamanyathA yuktaayuktvivek-vikltopjaayte||" / -prajJApanA pada 17 vRtti For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #513
karma aura nokarma : lakSaNa, kArya aura antara 491 bhrAnta mAnyatA jaina-karmavijJAna se anabhijJa kaI loga bhrAntivaza yaha kaha baiThate haiM ki jIva ke vividha prakAra ke rAgAdi pariNAma hone meM kevala karma hI nimitta nahIM hai apitu bAhya padArthoM ke rUpa meM 'nokama' bhI una pariNAmoM ke hone meM nimitta hote haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki jisa samaya bhAva kI uttejaka bAhya sAmagrI upasthita hotI hai, usa samaya saMsArI jIva ke tadanukUla rAgAdi pariNAma ho jAte haiN| jaise-"sundara surUpa lalanA ke milane yA dekhane para rAga hotA hai| jugupsA (ghRNA) kI sAmagrI milane para glAni yA ghRNA paidA ho jAtI hai| viSa Adi ke bhakSaNa karane para maraNa ho jAtA hai| dhana-sampatti ko dekhakara lobha ke pariNAma ho jAte haiM aura lobhavaza usa dhana ko arjana karane, har3apane, chInane yA curA lene kA bhAva ho jAtA hai| Thokara lagane para duHkha aura sugaMndhita padArtha yA mAlA Adi ke milane para sukha hotA hai|" karma aura nokarma ke kAryoM meM antara dIrghadRSTi se vicAra karane para nokarma ke kArya ke sambandha meM yaha mata yuktiyukta nahIM mAlUma hotaa| eka aisA nirgrantha muni hai, jisakA citta samabhAva se ota-prota hai, sphaTika sama nirmala hai, vItarAgatA kI dizA meM usakI sAdhanA evaM niSThA cala rahI hai, yadi usake samakSa komala gudagudI lacIlI zayyA upasthita kI jAegI, yA citta ko mohita karane vAlI zrRMgAra-susajjita mahilA athavA paMcendriyaviSayoM ko uttejita karane vAlI koI sAmagrI prastuta kI jAegI aura use upabhoga karane, apanAne yA grahaNa karane kA kahA jAegA, phira bhI usake mana meM rAga, moha.yA lobha ke pariNAma nahIM hoNge| athavA use koI vastu aniSTakara pratIta hotI hai, athavA aprItikara mAlUma hotI hai, bhale hI dUsare logoM ko vaha prItikara yA iSTa-priya lagatI ho, phira bhI aisA sAdhaka ukta vastu ko dekhakara aprasannatA vyakta kregaa| isase antaraMga meM yogyatA ke abhAva me bAhya-sAmagrI apane Apa meM kucha bhI karane meM samartha nahIM haiN| ye karma hI haiM, jo AtmA meM jisa samaya rAgAdi jisa prakAra ke bhAva rahate haiM, usa samaya una bhAvoM ke saMskAroM se yukta karmaraja AtmA se sambaddha ho jAtI hai, phira kAlAntara meM ve hI karma udaya meM Akara AtmA ko sukha-duHkha kA vedana karAte haiN| kintu bAhya-sAmagrI (nokama) kI yaha sthiti nahIM hai| karma aura nokarma (bAhya sAmagrI) ke kAryoM meM maulika antara hai| 1. mahAbandho pustaka 2 (prastAvanA) (paM. phUlacaMda jI siddhAntazAstrI) se pR. 21 2. mahAbaMdho pu.2 prastAvanA (paM. phUlacaMdajI siddhAntazAstrI) se bhAvAMza uddhRta, pR. 22 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #514
492 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa ( 3 ) karma aura nokarma kA pArasparika sambandha tAtparya yaha hai ki karma ke udaya se jIva ke rAga, dveSa, kAma, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, sukha-duHkha, moha, mithyAtva, ajJAna, adarzana, kAma, (vedatraya) hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya aura jugupsA Adi pariNAma hote avazya haiM, para ina bhAvoM ke nimittabhUta karma ke udaya meM prAyaH vastra, gandha, alaMkArAdi bAhya padArthoM (nokama) kI sahAyatA se hI ve pariNAma hote haiN| nokarma (bAhya padArtha) apane Apa meM pariNAma utpanna nahIM krte| ve karma ke udaya hone para anukUla yA pratikUla saMvedana meM sahAyaka ho jAte haiN| * * isalie inheM 'karma' na kahakara 'nokarma' kahA hai|' nokarma : karma ke udaya meM sahAyaka nimitta jaise--kisI ke asAtAvedanIya karma kA bandha huA, usakA pariNAma hai - pratikUla saMvedana kraanaa| usake vipAka (udaya meM Ane para phala-bhoga) meM pratikUla saMvedana ho bhI sakatA hai, nahIM bhI / yadi sAdhaka kI samatA kI sAdhanA paripakva hai to nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai| aparipakva sAdhaka ko pratikUla saMvedana hotA hai / parantu pratikUla saMvedana kisa prakAra kA yA kisa rUpa meM hogA? tathA usake vipAka meM kauna-sA kAla, kSetra yA pudgaladravya nimitta hogA ? yaha saba gauNa nimittabhUta nokarma para nirbhara hai| nokarmarUpa bAhya sAmagrI vividha dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAva ke bheda se 5 prakAra kI hai, vaha karmoM ke vipAka, kSaya aura kSayopazama meM sahAyaka nimitta hotI hai| 'kaSAyaprAbhRta' meM AcArya guNadhara ne karma-vipAka ke udaya aura kSaya meM pudgala - dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva aura bhava (sthiti) rUpI nokarma ko sahAyaka batAye haiN| vividha prakAra ke pudgaladravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAva apane-apane yogya karma ke udaya meM sahakArI banate haiN| Azaya hai ki karma kA udaya hone para dravya, kSetra, kAla Adi nokarmabhUta padArtha jIva ko iSTa-aniSTa (zubha-azubha) phala bhugavAne yA phala pradAna karane meM sahAyaka nimitta ho jAte haiN| dravyanimittaka nokarma kA udAharaNa udAharaNArtha-eka manuSya kSudhA se vyAkula ho rahA hai| usake sAtAvedanIya karma udaya meM AtA hai| aisI sthiti meM vahA~ eka anya vyakti 1. mahAbandho pu. 2, prastAvanA se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 22 2. (ka) karmavAda (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 92 (kha) 'khetta- bhava-kAla-poggala - Thidi vivogodaya-khayo du / (ga) mahAbaMdha pu. 2, prastAvanA (paM. phUlacaMda jI siddhAntazAstrI) se For Personal & Private Use Only - kaSAyaprAbhRta

Page #515
karma aura nokarma : lakSaNa, kArya aura antara 493 AtA hai, aura usakI kSudhAjanya pIr3A ko dekhakara use susvAdu bhojana karAtA hai| isase kSudhAjanya vedanA dUra hone se use parama sukha kA saMvedana (anubhava) huaa| yahA~ parama sukha kA anubhava karAne meM sAtAvedanIya karma kA udaya mukhya kAraNa (nimitta) hai, aura sAtA ke udaya meM anya manuSya dvArA diyA gayA sundara susvAdu bhojana kAraNa (gauNa nimitta) hai| yaha dravya (pudgala) rUpa nokarma kA udAharaNa hai|' kSetra-kAla nimittaka nokarma kA udAharaNa isI prakAra kSetrarUpa nokarma kA udAharaNa lIjie-mAna lIjie, kisI vyakti ko rAjasthAna jaisA uSNatA pradhAna kSetra milaa| rAjasthAna meM lU bahuta calatI hai| usa vyakti ko lU laga gii| lU laganA yA na laganA asAtAvedanIya karma ke adhIna nhiiN| la laganA hI yadi asAtAvedanIya karma ke kAraNa hI ho to rAjasthAna vAle ko hI kyoM lage, dakSiNa bhArata ke bhI uSNatA pradhAna kSetra ke logoM ko kyoM nahIM lagatI? karma aisA pakSapAta to nahIM krtaa| phira to jaise kaI IzvarakartRtvavAdI loga Izvara para pakSapAta kA Aropa lagAte haiM, vaise hI karma para bhI pakSapAta kA Aropa lagAne lgeNge| kintu yaha pakSapAta nahIM hai| lU Adi laganA asAtAvedanIya karma kA kArya nhiiN| rAjasthAna ke bhI sabhI logoM ko lU nahIM lgtii| jisa vyakti meM garmI sahana karane kI zakti hotI hai, tathA jo sAvadhAnI rakhatA hai, usako sahasA lU nahIM lgtii| jisake dvArA asAtAvedanIya karma bAMdhA huA hai, usako lU lagane para usake kAraNa asAtAvedanIya karma kA udaya ho jAtA hai, aura lU use kSetrIya nokarma ke rUpa meM pratikUla saMvedana meM gauNanimitta yA sahAyaka bana jAtI hai| jisake asAtAvedanIya karma bA~dhA huA hotA hai, use sardI ke mausama meM phlU, najalA, jukAma Adi roga ho jAte haiM, usa samaya kAlagata nokarma pratikUla'vedana karAne meM sahAyaka bana jAtA hai, asAtAvedanIya kA udaya ho jAtA hai| pratyeka manuSya kA dravyagata, kSetragata, kAlagata aura bhAvagata nokarma pRthak pRthak hotA hai| . bhaugolikatA, vAtAvaraNa, paryAvaraNa, paristhitiyA~, Adi saba bhI nokarma haiN| bhaugolikatA evaM prAdezikatA (kSetrIya) nokarma ke nimitta se kahIM kA manuSya kAlA, kahIM gorA, kahIM pIlA aura kahIM gehU~varNA hotA hai, unake hone para jaisA-jaisA zubhAzubha saMvedana hotA hai, tadanukUla asAtA yA sAtAvedanIya karma kA udaya hotA hai| 1. mahAbandhoM pu: 2 prastAvanA (paM. phUlacanda siddhAntazAstrI) se pR. 22 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #516
494 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) dakSiNa bhArata ke manuSyoM ke hAthIpagA (paira kA zotha) roga adhikAMza rUpa meM pAyA jAtA hai, parantu yaha roga unhIM ke hotA hai, jinake asAtAvedanIya kA bandha hotA hai, tathA usa karma vipAka se pratikUla saMvedana hotA hai - kSetrIya nokarmavaza, usake asAtAvedanIya karma kA udaya hotA hai| jinake asAtAvedanIya karma nahIM baMdhA huA hai, usako yaha bhayaMkara roga nahIM hotA, na hI asAtAvedanIya karma kA nayA bandha hotA hai| ' karma : mukhya nimittakAraNa, nokarma: gauNa nimittakAraNa niSkarSa yaha hai ki karmamarmajJa manISiyoM ne do prakAra ke nimittakAraNa mAne haiM- karma aura nokarma / ina donoM ke svabhAva aura kArya meM antara spaSTa hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki inameM karma mukhya nimittakAraNa hai, aura nokarma gauNa nimittkaarnn| donoM eka dUsare ko dabAte nahIM, kintu nokarma karmodaya meM sahayaka bana jAte haiN| kisa-kisa karma ke kauna-kauna se nokarma haiM ? AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ne nokarma kI mImAMsA karate hue kahA - "vastra jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA, pratIhAra darzanAvaraNIya karma kA, zahada lapeTI talavAra vedanIyakarma kA, madya mohanIya karma kA AhAra Ayukarma kA, zarIra nAmakarma kA, ucca-nIca kula gotrakarma kA, tathA bhaNDArI. antarAyakarma kA nokarma hai| " isI tathya ko vizeSa spaSTa karane kI dRSTi se ve Age kahate haiM-. matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kA vyAghAta karane vAle vastrAdi padArtha matijJAnAvaraNIya aura zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karma ke nokarma haiM / avadhijJAna aura manaHparyAyajJAna kA vyAghAta karane vAle saMklezakara padArtha avadhijJAnAvaraNIya aura manaHparyAyajJAnAvaraNIya karma ke nokarma haiN| bhaiMsa kA dahI Adi padArtha nidrAdi paMcarUpa darzanAvaraNIya karmoM ke nokarma ( ISat - karma) haiN| iSTaaniSTa anna-pAnAdi sAtAvedanIya tathA asAtAvedanIya karmoM ke nokarma haiM, SaDAyatana samyaktva yA samyagdarzana kA, anAyatana mithyAtva kA, baiDaula putra hAsya kA, suputra rati kA, iSTa-viyoga tathA aniSTasaMyoga arati kA aura mRtaputrAdi zoka kA nokarma hai|"2 karma aura nokarma ke kAryoM kA vizleSaNa isakA niSkarSa yaha hai ki karma kA kArya hai-usa-usa karma ke udaya se jIva ke vibhinna prakAra ke ajJAna, adarzana, sukha-duHkha, mithyAtva tathA * 1. karmavAda (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 92 2. (ka) mahAbaMdha pu. 2 prastAvanA (paM. phUlacaMdajI siddhAntazAstrI) se pR. 22 (kha) gommaTasAra (karmakANDa ) ( A. nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI) For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma aura nokarma : lakSaNa, kArya aura antara 495 krodhAdi cAra kaSAya Adi ke pariNAma honaa| kintu nokarma kA kArya isase bhinna hai| ina pariNAmoM ke nimittabhUta karma ke udaya meM prAyaH ve vastrAdi bAhya padArtharUpa nokarma sahAyaka hote haiN| unhIM bAhya padArthoM kI sahAyatA se ve pariNAma hote haiN| _isa prakAra karma aura nokarma ke kArya meM antara hai| jJAnAvaraNAdi karmodaya ke sAtha ajJAnAdi bhAvoM kI samavyApti hai, nokarma ke sAtha nhiiN| isake atirikta jisa prakAra vivakSita karma kA vivakSita pariNAma (bhAva) ke sAtha anvaya-vyatireka sambandha hai, usa prakAra nokarma ke sAtha ina pariNAmoM kA anvaya-vyatireka sambandha nahIM hai| udAharaNArtha-jIva kA ajJAnabhAva jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke udaya se hotA hai, anya prakAra se nhiiN| yaha sarvathA asambhava haiM ki jJAnavaraNIya karma kA udaya rahe, kintu ajJAnabhAva na ho| isI prakAra jJAnAvaraNIya karma naSTa hone para bhI ajJAnabhAva banA rahe, yaha bhI sambhava nahIM hai| jisake jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA udaya hotA hai, usake ajJAnabhAva avazyameva hotA hai| isI prakAra jisake ajJAna bhAva hotA hai, usake jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA udaya avazya hI hotA hai| ina donoM kI samavyApti hai| kintu nokarma ke sAtha jIva ke ajJAna Adi bhAvoM kI samavyApti nahIM hai| jaise vastra Adi padArtha ajJAna ke kAraNa mAne jAte haiM, unake rahane para bhI kisI ke ajJAna hotA hai, aura kisI ke nahIM bhI hotaa| isI abhiprAya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara bAhya padArthoM ko nokarma kI saMjJA dI hai| karma vaisI yogyatA kA sUcaka hai, parantu bAhyasAmagrI (nokama) kA vaisI yogyatA ke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai| kabhI vaisI yogyatA ke sadbhAva meM bhI bAhyasAmagrI nahIM milatI; isake viparIta kabhI usake abhAva meM bhI bAhya sAmagrI kA saMyoga dekhA jAtA hai| kintu karma ke sambandha meM yaha bAta nahIM hai| usakA sambandha AtmA se tabhI taka rahatA hai, jaba taka usameM tadanukUla yogyatA upalabdha hotI hai| ina donoM tattvoM ko karma aura nokarma saMjJA dene kA yahI kAraNa hai| karma kA mukhya kArya : saMsArI avasthAoM meM mukhya nimitta bananA karmavijJAnamarmajJa paM. phUlacaMdajI siddhAntazAstrI ke anusAra-karma kA mukhya kArya hai jIva ko saMsAra-avasthA meM Abaddha rkhnaa| jIva ke parAvartana 1. mahAbandho pu. 2 (prastAvanA) (paM. phUlacaMda jI siddhAntazAstrI) se pR. 22 2. vahI, pR. 22 3. mahAbaMdho pu. 2 prastAvanA (paM. phUlacaMda jI siddhAntazAstrI) se pR. 22-23 For Personal & Private Use Only

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496 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) ko 'saMsAra' kahate haiN| dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAva ina pA~ca prakAra ke parAvartanoM meM jIva karma ke nimitta se paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| cAra gatiyoM aura caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM ke prApta hone aura unameM paribhramaNa karane meM saMsArI jIva kI jo vividha avasthAe~ hotI haiN| unameM bhI mukhya nimitta karma hai| saMsArI avasthAoM kA mukhya aura gauNa nimitta : karma aura nokarma saMsAra paribhramaNa karate hue jIva kI mukhya avasthAe~ isa prakAra hotI haiM-kabhI vaha ekendriya hotA hai, kabhI dvIndriya, kabhI trIndriya hotA hai; kabhI caturindriya aura kabhI paMcendriya hokara bhI kabhI nAraka hotA hai, kabhI tiryaJca, kabhI manuSya hotA hai to kabhI dev| kabhI vaha bahuta kAmI hotA hai, kabhI krodhI hotA hai, labhI mAnI hotA hai, kabhI maayii| kabhI vidvAn aura kabhI mUrkha hotA hai| eka hI jIva bahuta prakAra ke AkAra aura zIlasvabhAvoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| AptamImAMsA meM isI tathya kA samarthana karate hue kahA gayA hai-"jIva ke kAmAdi bhAvoM kI utpatti apane-apane karmoM ke bandha ke anurUpa citra-vicitra prakAra se hotI rahatI hai|"2 ina mukhya avasthAoM kA mukhya nimitta kAraNa karma hai, arthAt-ye mukhya avasthAe~ karma ke kArya haiN| ina mukhya avasthAoM ke rahate jIva kI pratyeka samaya kI pariNati bhinna-bhinna hotI rahatI hai| ina bhinna-bhinna pariNatiyoM ke hone meM nimitta kAraNa karma ke sahAyaka ISat karma rUpa dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava, bhAvarUpa nokarma mAne gae haiN| arthAt-pUrvokta mukhya avasthAoM (saMsArI azuddha avasthAoM) meM jIva kI pratisamaMya kI pariNati dravya-kSetrAdi nokarmarUpa nimitta-sApekSa hone se badalatI rahatI hai| nokarmarUpa ye nimitta saMskArarUpa meM AtmA se sambaddha hote rahate haiN| kAlAntara meM tadanukUla pariNati paidA karane meM sahAyatA pradAna karate haiN| jIva kI zuddhatA aura azuddhatA ina nimittoM ke sadbhAva- asabhAva para nirbhara hai| yaha nokarma kA kArya hai| jaba taka jIva ina nimittoM ke saMcita hone meM svayaM sahAyaka hotA hai aura ve nimitta usakI pratisamaya kI avasthA ke hone meM sahAyaka hote haiM, taba taka jIva kI azuddhatA banI rahatI hai| jainadarzana meM jIva kI azuddhatA ke kAraNabhUta ina nimittoM ko 'nokarma' kahA gayA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki karma saMsArI jIva kI pUrvokta vibhinna avasthAoM meM mukhya nimitta arthAt-naimittika haiM, aura nokarma ina mukhya avasthAoM ke rahate 1. mahAbaMdho pu. 2 prastAvanA (paM. phUlacaMdajI siddhAntazAstrI) se sAbhAra bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 21 2. "kAmAdiprabhavazcitraM krmbndhaanuruuptH|" -AptamImAMsA (AcArya samantabhadra) For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma aura nokarma : lakSaNa, kArya aura antara 497 pratisamaya badalatI rahane vAlI pariNatiyoM kI utpatti meM sahAyaka hone se gauNa nimitta hai / karma aura nokarma meM nimitta - naimittika sambandha hai aura isa nimitta-naimittika paramparA kA anta hone para jIva para nirapekSa zuddhadazA (svAbhAvika dazA) ko prApta ho jAtA hai| yahI mukta avasthA hai| isa prakAra karma aura nokarma ke kArya meM antara hai| ye donoM hI saMsAra- avasthA meM nimitta haiN| ' 1 jIva kI saMsArI avasthA kina-kina karmoM ke kAraNa hotI hai ? isalie karma kA mukhya kArya jIva ko saMsArI banAnA hai| saMsAra kI vibhinna avasthAoM meM jIva ko rakhane kA kArya karma kaise karatA hai ? ise vizadarUpa se samajhane ke lie karmoM kA mukhya ATha prakAroM meM vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai-jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura antraay| inameM se cAra ghAtI aura cAra aghAtI karma haiN| prakArAntara se ye AThoM karma jIva - vipAkI, pudgalavipAkI, bhava- vipAkI aura kSetravipAkI ina cAra bhAgoM meM baMTe hue haiN| jIvavipAkI karma ve haiM, jinakA vipAka jIva meM hotA hai| jinake vipAkasvarUpa zarIra, vacana aura mana kI prApti hotI hai, ve haiM - pudgalavipAkI karma / bhava ke nimitta se jinakA phala milatA hai, ve bhavavipAkI karma kahalAte haiM aura kSetravizeSa meM jo apanA kArya karate haiM, ve kSetravipAkI karma haiN| inameM karmoM ke mukhya bheda to do hI haiM- jIvavipAkI aura pudglvipaakii| bhavavipAkI aura kSetravipAkI karma jIvavipAkI karma ke hI avAntara bheda haiN| kevala kArya-vizeSa kA bodha karAne kI dRSTi se inakA pRthak nirdeza kiyA hai| jIva kI nara-nArakAdi vividha avasthAe~, sukha-duHkha, ajJAna Adi bhAva jIvavipAkI karmoM ke aura vividha prakAra ke zarIra, vacana aura mana pudgalavipAkI karmoM ke kArya haiN| cUMki jIva kA saMsAra jIva aura pudgala ina donoM ke saMyoga kA phala hai| na to akelA jIva saMsArI ho sakatA hai aura na akelA karma hI kucha kara sakatA hai| ina do tattvoM ke milana se jIva kI saMsArI avasthA hotI hai| bAhya sAmagrI kA saMyoga-viyoga karAnA karma kA kArya nahIM karma ke do bheda (jIvavipAkI aura pudgalavipAkI) jIva kI vividha avasthAoM aura pariNAmoM ke hone meM (mukhya) nimitta hote haiN| ina donoM 1. mahAbaMdha pu. 2 prastAvanA (paM. phUlacaMdajI siddhAntazAstrI) se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 21 2. mahAbaMdha pu. 2 prastAvanA (paM. phUlacanda jI siddhAnta zAstrI) se sAbhAra uddhRta pR. 23 3. vahI, pu. 2 se pR. 23 For Personal & Private Use Only

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498 karma - vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3). prakAra ke karmoM meM aisA eka bhI karma nahIM batalAyA hai, jisakA kAma bAhya sAmagrI kA prApta karAnA ho / sAtAvedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya, ye svayaM jIvavipAkI haiM / 'tattvArtha rAjavArtika' meM inake kArya kA nirdeza karate hue kahA gayA hai - jisa karma ke udaya se devAdi gatiyoM meM zArIrika-mAnasika sukha prApti (sukhAnubhava) ho, vaha sAtAvedanIya hai, jisakA phala anekavidha duHkha hai, vaha asAtAvedanIya hai| isakI vyAkhyA karate hue vahA~ spaSTa kiyA gayA hai - " aneka prakAra kI devAdi gatiyoM meM jIvoM ko prApta hue dravya ke sambandha kI apekSA zArIrika aura mAnasika nAnA prakAra kA sukharUpa pariNAma hotA hai, vaha sAtAvedanIya hai; tathA nAnA prakAra kI narakAdi gatiyoM meM jisa karma ke phalasvarUpa janma, jarA, maraNa, iSTaviyoga- aniSTasaMyoga, vyAdhi, vadha aura bandhanAdi se utpanna huA vividha prakAra kA mAnasika aura kAyika duHkharUpa pariNAma hotA hai, vaha asAtAvedanIya hai / " tattvArtha sarvArthasiddhi meM bhI sAtAvedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM isI kathana kI puSTi kI hai| karmagrantha Adi meM bhI ina dvividha karmoM kA yahI artha kiyA gayA hai| ' aisI sthiti meM ina karmoM ko anukUla tathA pratikUla nokarma rUpa bAhyasAmagrI ke saMyoga-viyoga meM nimitta mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| vastutaH bAhyasAmagrI kI prApti apane-apane (pUrvoktaM nimittoM- nokarmoM) kAraNoM se hotI hai| inakI prApti kA kAraNa koI bhI karma nahIM hai| bAhyasAmagrI karma kA kArya nahIM, kyoM aura kaise ? tattvataH bAhyasAmagrI na to sAtAvedanIya yA asAtAvedanIya kA hI phala hai aura na hI lAbhAntarAya Adi karma ke kSaya-kSayopazama kA hI phala hai| ina donoM matoM ko thor3A-bahuta prazraya diyA jA sakatA hai, to upacAra se hI diyA jA sakatA hai| svarga, bhogabhUmi aura naraka meM sukha-duHkha kI AdhArabhUta sAmagrI ke sAtha vahA~ utpanna hone vAle jIvoM ke sAtA aura asAtA ke udaya kA sambandha dekhakara upacAra se bAhyasAmagrI ko sAtAasAtA phala batalAyA hai| isI prakAra bAhyasAmagrI se lAbha Adi rUpa pariNAma lAbhAntarAya Adi ke kSayopazama kA phala jAnakara upacAra se kahA 1. (ka) karma aura kAryamaryAdA (jinavANI karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka meM prakAzita paM. phUlacaMda jI ke lekha) se pR. 244 (kha) "yasyodayAd devAdigatiSu zArIra- mAnasa - sukha prAptistan sadvedyam, yatphalaM duHkhamanekavidhaM tadasadavedyam / ' - tattvArtha rAjavArtika 6/12-13 pR. 304 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma aura nokarma : lakSaNa, kArya aura antara 499 gayA hai ki lAbhAntarAya Adi ke kSaya yA kSayopazama se bAhyasAmagrI kI prApti hotI hai| bAhyasAmagrI apane-apane kAraNoM se prApta hotI hai vastutaH bAhyasAmagrI ina (karmaphalarUpa) kAraNoM se prApta na hokara apane-apane kAraNoM se hI prApta hotI hai| jaise--udyoga, vyavasAya yA majadUrI karanA, dhana ko vividha vyavasAyoM meM lagAnA, khetI-bAr3I Adi dhaMdhe karanA, corI, ThagI, beimAnI, bhraSTAcAra, dyUta Adi anaitika upAyoM ko karanA; ityAdi ina aura aise kAraNoM se bAhyasAmagrI kI prApti hotI hai / agara bAhyasAmagrI kI prApti kisI karma ke kAraNa ho to, vaha cetana kI taraha jar3a tijorI Adi ko bhI prApta hotI, magara jar3a ke rAgAdi bhAva nahIM hotA, cetana ke hotA hai| isalie apane kAraNoM se bAhyasAmagrI prApta hone para unameM rAgAdi bhAvoM kA saMvedana honA karma kA kArya hai| cetana hI dhanAdi bAhyasAmagrI meM ahaMkAra-mamakAra karatA hai / hA~, bAhyasAmagrI karma ke udaya meM sahAyaka bana sakatI hai, isa kAraNa use 'nokarma' kahA gayA hai| ataH karma bAhyasAmagrI ke saMyoga-viyoga kA kAraNa nahIM haiN| usakI kArya maryAdA jIva meM vibhinna bhAva utpanna kara dene kI hai| jIva ke vividha bhAva karma ke nimitta se hote hai| isalie kahIM-kahIM ye (karma) bAhyasAmagrI ke arjana Adi meM nimitta kAraNa bana jAte haiN| yahI karma kI kArya maryAdA hai| ' karma aura nokarma kI kAryamaryAdA kA saMkSipta vizleSaNa pUrvokta vizleSaNa se hama karma aura nokarma ke kArya ko bhalIbhAMti hRdayaMgama kara sakate haiN| jIva kI vividha prakAra kI avasthA aura bhAva honA karma kA kArya hai, aura unake kAraNa jIva meM vaisI yogyatA honA saMbhAvita hai, jisase vaha yogatraya dvArA yathAyogya zarIra, vacana aura mana ke yogya pudgaloM kA grahaNa karake unheM zarIrAdirUpa meM pariNamAtA hai| ataH dhana, sampatti, mahala, bagIcA, rAjya, putra, strI Adi sukhakara vastue~ tathA roga, zoka, dAridrya, nirdhanatA, pIr3A, glAni, bhaya Adi duHkhakara vastue~ karma ke kArya nahIM hai| arthAt - na to dhanAdi prApta honA sAtAvedanIya kA pariNAma hai aura na hI rogAdi asAtAvedanIya ke 1. karma aura kArya maryAdA (paM. phUlacaMda jI siddhAnta zAstrI ke jinavANI meM prakAzita lekha) se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 245-246 2. mahAbaMdha pu. 2 prastAvanA (paM. phUlacaMdajI siddhAnta zAstrI) se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 22-23 For Personal & Private Use Only

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.500 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) prinnaam| kintu satpuruSArtha, nyAya-nItipUrvaka kArya, vyAvahArika kauzala, ahiMsAdi dharmAcaraNa meM anurAga, saumya vyavahAra Adi se dhanAdi prApta hote haiN| kintu dhanAdi prApta hone kI ghaTanA ke kAraNa sAtAvedanIya karma udaya meM A gayA; vaha vipAkonmukha ho gyaa| isI prakAra rogAdi kI utpatti bhI ahitakara bhojana, vyAvahArika akuzalatA, satkArya meM puruSArthahInatA, dharmAcaraNa meM Alasya, aruci, samabhAva kA anabhyAsa Adi se hotI hai| rogAdi kI ghaTanA ke kAraNa asAtAvedanIya karma udaya meM A gyaa|.. abhiprAya yaha hai ki sAtAvedanIya yA asAtAvedanIya karma ke udaya meM Ane para nokarma sahAyatA kara detA hai| yahI nokarma kA kArya hai|' 1. karmavAda (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 91 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #523
karmoM ke rUpa : karma, vikarma aura akarma sabhI sAMsArika prANI karma ke caMgula meM vizva meM jitane bhI sAMsArika prANI haiM, ve saba eka yA dUsare prakAra se 'karma' ke caMgula meM phaMse hue haiM, karma kI DorI se ve saba baMdhe hue haiN| jaba se prANI isa saMsAra meM AyA hai, tabhI se karma usake sAtha kisI na kisI rUpa meM lagA huA hai| vaha kitanA hI bacakara cale, phira bhI karma use kisI na kisI rUpa meM karanA hI par3atA hai| vaidika dharma-paramparA ke mUrdhanya grantha bhagavadgItA meM isI dRSTi se kahA gayA hai - 1 "karmoM kA sarvathA tyAga nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki koI bhI jIva kisI kAla meM kSaNabhara bhI karma ko kiye binA raha nahIM sakatA, na hI rahatA hai| niHsaMdeha sabhI puruSa (saMsArI AtmA) prakRti (karmaprakRti) se utpanna hue (udaya meM Ae hue) guNoM ke dvArA paravaza hokara karma karate haiM / "" ataH koI bhI puruSa (jIvAtmA) karmoM ke na karane mAtra se niSkarmatA' ko prApta nahIM ho jaataa| aura na hI (binA zubha uddezya ke) karmoM ko tyAgane mAtra se siddhi (mukti yA paramAtmatvaprApti) ko prApta hotA hai / " 2 indriyA~ nizceSTa : manakAmanAvaza : mithyAcAra hai bhagavadgItA ke anusAra "koI vyakti karmendriyoM ko rokakara mana se una-una karmoM (kriyAoM) kA cintana-manana- smaraNa karatA rahatA hai, athavA indriyoM ke vibhinna viSayoM ko prApta karane, bhogane aura sukha pAne kI mana hI mana kAmanA karatA rahatA hai, vaha mithyAcArI ( dambhI) hai|" indriyoM ko nizceSTa kara dene mAtra se kisI sAMsArika prANI kA karma karanA baMda nahIM ho 1. nahi kazcit kSaNamapi jAtu tiSThatyakarmakRt / kAryatehyavazaH karma sarvaH prakRtijaiH guNaiH // 2. na karmaNAmanArambhAnnaiSkarmyaM puruSo'znute / na ca saMnyasanAMdeva siddhiM samadhigacchati // 50.1 For Personal & Private Use Only - gItA 3/5 - vahI, 3/4

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502 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) jaataa| aisI nizceSTatA kI sthiti meM bhI vaha mana se to vicAra karatA rahatA hai, vaha bhI eka prakAra kA karma hai| ataH koI bhI prANI bAhara se bhale hI karma karatA na dikhAI de, parantu cetanAzIla hone ke kAraNa antara se to karma karatA hI rahatA hai| sthUlarUpa se karma na karane mAtra se koI bhI prANI 'akarma' yA 'niSkarma nahIM ho jaataa| kArya na karane mAtra se niSkarSa yA nirlipta nahIM jainadarzana ke mUrdhanya vidvAn paM. sukhalAlajI prathama karmagrantha kI bhUmikA meM likhate haiM-"sAdhAraNa loga yaha samajha baiThate haiM ki amuka kAma nahIM karane se apane ko puNya-pApa kA lepa nahIM lgegaa| isase ve kAma ko . chor3a dete haiM, para bahudhA unakI mAnasika kriyA nahIM chuutttii| isase ve icchA rahane para bhI puNya-pApa ke lepa (bandha) se apane ko mukta nahIM kara skte|"2. sAMsArika jIva avirata karma saMlagna ataH sAMsArika prANiyoM ke sAtha karma avirata saMlagna hone se vahI unheM vividha yoniyoM aura gatiyoM meM paribhramaNa karAtA hai| jaba taka prANI saMsAra meM sthita hai, taba taka purAne karma AMzikarUpa se kSINa hote jAte haiM, aura naye karma baMdhate jAte haiN| isa taraha pravAharUpa se karmoM kA silasilA jArI rahatA hai| zarIra-prApti ke sAtha hI karma kA silasilA prArambha jabase prANI ko zarIra milatA hai, tabhI se karma kA silasilA prArambha ho jAtA hai| mana, vacana, kAyA, ye tInoM zarIra ke hI mahatvapUrNa aMga haiN| phira zarIra ke sAtha vividha indriyA~, vANI tathA aMgopAMga Adi milate haiN| aisI sthiti meM prANI isa zarIra ke nirvAha ke lie nAnAvidha kriyAe~ mana, vacana, zarIra, indriyoM Adi se karatA hI rahatA hai| zarIra kI surakSA, svasthatA, sukha-zAnti aura nizcintatA ke lie koI na koI kArya kie binA vaha raha hI nahIM sktaa| zarIra aura zarIra se sambaddha sajIva-nirjIva padArthoM ke rahane-rakhane ke lie vaha makAna banAtA hai, zarIra ko svastha rakhane ke lie cikitsA karAtA hai, zarIra kI surakSA ke lie vaha kaI prakAra kI vyavasthA karatA hai| zarIra ko bhojana cAhie, vaha taraha-taraha ke bhojya-peya padArtha juTAtA hai| zarIra ko sardI-garmI se bacAne tathA lajjAnivAraNa ke 1. karmendriyANi saMyamya ya Aste manasA smrn| indriyArthAn vimUDhAtmA mithyAcAraH sa ucyte| -gItA, 3/6 2. karmagrantha, prathama bhAga kI bhUmikA pR. 25-26 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmoM ke rUpa : karma, vikarma aura akarma 503 lie vastra cAhiye, vaha nAnA AkAra-prakAra ke vastroM kA saMgraha karatA hai| aura bhI zArIrika, mAnasika evaM sAMskRtika prayojanoM evaM AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke liye aneka prakAra ke sukha ke sAdhana juTAtA hai| saMkSepa meM pratyeka prANI zarIra-nirvAha ke liye eka yA dUsare prakAra se kucha na kucha karma karatA hai| itanA hI nahIM, apanI icchA ke anukUla, manojJa evaM abhISTa padArtha yA saMyoga milane para vaha harSita hotA hai, rAga, moha yA Asakti karatA hai, tathA apanI icchA ke pratikUla (sajIva yA nirjIva) padArtha yA saMyoga milane para vaha ghabarAtA hai, becaina evaM cintAtura ho jAtA hai, usa padArtha se use ghRNA, dveSa, droha-moha yA bhIti-prIti (Asakti) hone lagatI hai| iSTiviyoga aura aniSTa ke saMyoga se duHkhI aura aniSTa-viyoga evaM iSTasaMyoga se sukhI hotA hai| isa prakAra kI mAnasika aura kabhI-kabhI vAcika kriyAe~ bhI sAMsArika ajJa prANI ke jIvana meM satata calatI rahatI haiN| vaha una kriyAkalApoM se virata nahIM ho paataa| isIlie bhagavadgItAkAra kahate haiM___"karma na karane se terI zarIra-yAtrA (zarIra-nirvAha kI kriyA) siddha nahIM ho sakatI hai| isalie tere lie (uccabhUmikA para na pahu~ce taba taka) karma na karane kI apekSA karma karanA zreyaskara hai| acchA to yaha hai ki (apanI bhUmikA ke anusAra) niyata kiye hue karma (kartavya) ko kro|" dehadhArI prANI taba taka karmamukta yA akarma nahIM ho pAtA.. niSkarSa yaha hai ki dehadhArI prANI jaba taka AThoM hI karmoM se sarvathA mukta, siddha-buddha nahIM ho jAtA taba taka vaha sarvathA karmamukta nahIM ho paataa| aura akarma bhI taba taka nahIM ho pAtA, jaba taka vaha rAga-dveSa rahita yA kaSAyoM se virata hokara karma nahIM krtaa| abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaba taka jIva Atmazuddhi ke uddezya se eka mAtra karmakSaya karane kI dRSTi se sahaja- bhAva se karma nahIM karatA, tava taka eka yA dUsare prakAra se zubha yA azubha rUpa meM vividha karmoM se prabhAvita hotA rahegA, vaha bAhara se karma na karatA huA bhI mAnasika rUpa se karma karatA rhegaa| bAhara se nizceSTa, mana se hiMsA karma karane meM saceSTa : kAlasaukarika . rAjagRha-nivAsI kAlasaukarika ko magadhasamrAT zreNika ne kArAgAra meM baMda karake ulaTA laTakavA diyA thA, tAki vaha kisI bhI prANI, yahA~ taka ki bhaiMse kA vadha na kara ske| kintu paramparAgata saMskAravaza kAlasaukarika 1. "niyataM kuru karmattvaM, karma jyAyo hyakarmaNaH / zarIrayAtrA'pi ca te, na prasiddhayedakarmaNaH / / " - bhagavadgItA 3/8 For Personal & Private Use Only

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504 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3). . apanI pazuvadha kI vRtti ko na roka skaa| vaha hAtha kI aMguliyoM se pAnI para lakIra karake bhaiMse kI pratikRtisvarUpa AkRti banAne lagA phira manaHkalpita zastra banAkara usase mana hI mana bhaise kA vadha karane kA upakrama krtaa|' tandulamaccha kI kevala mAnasika kriyA se saptama narakayAtrA .. isI prakAra cAvala ke dAne jitanA choTA-sA tandulamaccha samudra meM rahane vAle vizAlakAya magaramaccha kI bhauMha para baiThatA hai| vaha baiThA-baiThA kAyika yA vAcika koI bhI kriyA nahIM karatA hai| sirpha mana se hI socatA hai-"yaha magaramaccha kitanA AlasI hai ? agara maiM isakI jagaha hotA to eka bhI prANI ko nahIM chor3atA, sabako nigala jaataa|" yadyapi isa tandulamaccha ne rakta kI eka bUMda bhI nahIM bahAI, phira bhI isa prakAra ke krUrabhAvarUpa karma ke kAraNa marakara sAtavIM naraka bhUmi meM janma letA hai| .. isI prakAra koI vyakti sthUla rUpa se vAcika aura kAyika karma na karatA huA, mana se rAga-dveSa, kAma-krodhAdi kaSAyAviSTa hokara karma karatA hai to vaha ukta aniSTarUpa pApa (azubha) karma ke baMdha se baca nahIM sktaa| dhyAnastha prasannacandra rAjarSi ne mana se hI zubha azubhakarma bAdhe, aura tor3e prasannacandra rAjarSi vana meM dhyAnastha khar3e the| vahA~ ke nikaTavartI mArga se magadhanareza zreNika ke do sevaka jA rahe the| unameM se eka ne unheM dekhakara kahA-"ahA ! kitane zAnta, dAnta, tapomUrti muni haiM ye !" isa para dUsare ne kahA-"kauna kahatA hai, ye muni haiN| ye DhoMgI haiM, dambhI haiM aura palAyanavAdI haiN| becAre alpavayaska putra para rAjakArya kI jimmevArI DAlakara svayaM sAdhu bana baiThe haiN| inheM patA nahIM hai, jina sAmantoM ke hAthoM meM usa rAjaputra ko sauMpA hai, ve use mArakara svayaM rAjya hathiyA leNge| aura ye yahA~ kAyara evaM bhagor3e sAdhu banakara dhyAna meM khar3e haiN|" prasannacanda rAjarSi ke mana para pUrva ke prazaMsAtmaka vacanoM ko sunakara apane prati rAgabhAva paidA huA, aura bAda ke nindAtmaka vacanoM ko sunakara dveSabhAva kI uttejanA paidA huii| phalataH ve mana hI mana socane lage-"kyA mere rahate, mere sAmanta mere putra se rAjya hathiyA leNge| maiM abhI unheM mAra bhagAtA huuN|" yoM socakara mana hI mana unhoMne yuddha kA upakrama kara liyaa| zastraracanA kara DAlI aura ghamAsAna yuddha cher3a diyaa| 1. Avazyaka kathA se 2. tandulaveyAliya prakIrNaka (painnA) se For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmoM ke rUpa : karma, vikarma aura akarma 505 kucha hI dera bAda usI mArga se zreNika rAjA kI savArI niklii| ve prasannacandra rAjarSi ko dhyAnastha dekha atyanta prabhAvita hue aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sevA meM pahu~ca kara sabase pahalA prazna kiyA-"bhagavan / mujhe to Apake sAdhuoM meM prasannacandra rAjarSi uttama sAdhu lagate haiN| agara ve isa samaya kAladharma ko prApta hoM to kahA~ jA sakate haiM, kahA~ utpanna ho sakate ?" . parama sarvajJa vItarAga prabhu ne kahA-"rAjan ! isa samaya agara unakA dehAnta ho to ve saptama naraka meM jA sakate haiN|" Azcaryacakita zreNikarAja ne pUchA-"bhagavan / itane utkRSTa sAdhu aura saptama naraka meM ? kucha samajha meM nahIM AtI yaha bAta!" bhagavAn ne rahasyodghATana karate hue kahA-"rAjan! tuma unakI bAhya mudrA aura zarIra kI nizceSTatA ko dekhakara hI aisA soca rahe ho, kintu unake mana meM to ghamAsAna yuddha macA huA hai| aisI sthiti meM mana se bhI paMcendriya vadha kA vicAra karane se vaha saptama naraka kA atithi bana gayA idhara prasannacandra rAjarSi mana hI mana apane sAmantoM para svamanaHkalpita zastroM se prahAra karate-karate khAlI hAtha ho gae to unhoMne apanA mukuTa phaikane ke lie hAtha mastaka para ghumAyA to ekadama cauke-"are! maiM to muNDita mastaka sAdhu huuN| tIna-karaNa tIna yoga se hiMsA kA sarvathA tyAgI, aura yaha kyA ghora pApakarma kara baiThA! kahA~ maiM vItarAgatA kA pathika, aura kahA~ Aja rAga-dveSa ke bhaMyakara jAla meM A phaMsA! dhikkAra hai mujhe!" isa prakAra pazcAttApa aura kSamAyAcanA karate-karate zubha pariNAmoM kI zreNI para pahu~ca ge| udhara zreNikarAja ne punaH prazna kiyA-"bhagavan! yadi isa samaya prasannacandra rAjarSi kA dehAnta ho to ve kahA~ jA sakate haiM ?" bhagavAn ne karmoM kI gurugranthI kA vizleSaNa karate hue kahA-isa samaya ve kAladharma ko prApta hoM to sarvArthasiddha nAmaka sarvocca devaloka meM jA sakate haiN| taba taka rAjarSi kI pazcAttApa dhArA itane tIvra vega se pravAhita huI ki jitane bhI pApakarmoM kA jAla guMthA thA, ve saba chinna-bhinna hokara puNyarAzi meM parivartita ho gae the| aura eka hI jhaTake ke sAtha ukta puNyakarmoM ko bhI kATa kara ve zukladhyAna kI nirvicAra nirvikalpa kSapaka zreNI para ArUr3ha ho ge| unheM kevalajJAna-kevaladarzana prApta ho gyaa| AkAza meM devadundubhiyA~ bajane lgiiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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506 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) bhagavAn se pUchane para zreNikarAja ko patA lagA ki prasannacandra rAjarSi ko kevalajJAna prApta ho gayA hai| aura kucha hI dera meM to ve dehamukta hokara sarvakarmamukta siddha-buddha paramAtmA bana ge| yaha hai, bAhara se vacana aura kAyA se nizceSTa rahakara mana se ghora karma karane kA, tathA mana se hI una ghora karmoM ko naSTa karane kA jvalanta udaahrnn| kyA sabhI kriyAe~ karma haiM ? aisI sthiti meM sahaja hI yaha prazna hotA hai ki jaba koI prANI nizceSTa nahIM raha sakatA, jo bhI dehadhArI hai, use mana se, vacana se aura kAyA se koI na koI kriyA karanI hI par3atI hai, zarIra kI Antarika kriyAe~, jo svAbhAvika hotI rahatI haiM, ve bhI zarIradhArI se sambandhita haiM, tathaiva zarIradhArI ke dvArA khAnA-pInA, calanA-phiranA, zvAsa lenA-nikAlanA, sonA-jAganA, uThanA-baiThanA Adi prANadhAraNArtha jo Avazyaka kriyAe~ haiM, ve bhI karanI par3atI haiM, to kyA sabhI kriyAe~ 'karma' kahalAtI haiM ? yadi sabhI kriyAe~ karma kahalAtI haiM, taba to koI bhI manuSya yahA~ taka ki tIrthakara bhI, sarvajJa kevalI bhI, karmabandha se baca nahIM sakate, aura na hI karma-paramparA se mukta ho sakate haiM? phira karma se rahita avasthA to ekamAtra siddha-mukta paramAtmA kI hI mAnanI pdd'egii| saMsArastha AtmA, cAhe uccakoTi kA apramatta sAdhaka ho, yA vItarAga arhat-paramAtmA ho, sabhI zarIragata anivArya kriyAoM se nahIM baca sakane ke kAraNa kisI na kisI rUpa meM karma ke lapeTe meM Ate rheNge| bhagavadgItA meM isakA eka samAdhAna isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai"cUMki dehadhArI prANI ke dvArA samagrarUpa se samasta karmoM kA tyAga karanA zakya nahIM hai| ataH jo karmaphala kA va phalAkAMkSA kA bhI tyAgI hai, vahI vastutaH karmatyAgI kahA jAtA hai|"2 paccIsa kriyAe~ : svarUpa aura vizeSatA . isakA dUsarA samAdhAna yaha hai ki jainadarzana meM mukhyatayA paccIsa kriyAe~ prasiddha haiN| unameM se 24 kriyAe~ sAmparAyika haiM aura paccIsavIM kriyA aiyApathika hai| 1. Avazyaka kathA se 2. nahi dehabhRtA zakyaM tyaktu krmaannyshesstH| yastu karmaphalatyAgI sa tyaagiitybhidhiiyte|| -bhagavadgItA 18/11 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmoM ke rUpa : karma, vikarma aura akarma 507 caubIsa kriyAe~ isa prakAra haiM-(1) kAyikI, (2) AdhikaraNikI, (3) prAdveSikI, (4) pAritApanikI, (5) prANAtipAtikI, (6) ArambhakriyA, (7) pArigrahikI, (8) mAyAkriyA, (9) rAgakriyA, (10) dveSakriyA, (11) apratyAkhyAnakriyA, (12) mithyAdarzanakriyA, (13) dRSTijAkriyA, (14) sparzakriyA, (15) prAtItyikI kriyA, (16) sAmantopanipAtikA, (17) svahastikI, (18) naisRSTikI, (19) AjJApanikA, (20) vaidAriNI kriyA, (21) anAbhogakriyA, (22) anAkAMkSA kriyA, (23) prAyogikI kriyA, (24) sAmudAyikI kriyaa| ye sabhI kriyAe~ rAgadveSAdi yukta hone se sAmparAyikI kahalAtI hai|' paccIsavIM aipithikI kriyA hai, jo viveka (yatnAcAraparAyaNa) evaM apramatta saMyamI vyakti kI gamanAgamana tathA AhAra-vihArAdi-caryArUpa hotI hai| sAmparAyika kriyAe~ hI bandhanakAraka, aipithika nahIM jainadarzana pratyeka kriyA ko bandhanakAraka nahIM mAnatA, jo kriyA yA pravRtti (mana-vacana-kAyA kA vyApAra) rAga-dveSa-moha se yukta hotI hai, vahI bandhana meM DAlatI hai| isake viparIta jo kriyA kaSAya evaM Asakti (rAgAdi) se rahita hokara kI jAtI hai, vaha bandhanakAraka nahIM hotii| ataH bandhana kI apekSA se kriyAoM ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai-sAmparAyika kriyAe~ aura Ipithika. kriyaaeN| kriyA se karma kA Agamana avazya, para sabhI karma bandhanakAraka nahIM isalie jaba taka zarIra hai, aura zarIra se sambaddha vacana aura mana hai; tathA indriyA~ aura aMgopAMga haiM, taba taka koI na koI kriyA yA pravRtti honA anivArya hai| aura yaha bhI satya hai ki kriyAoM se karma Ate haiN| parantu ve sabhI karma bandhana meM DAlate haiM, aisA nahIM hotaa| isa sambandha meM samyak viveka karane hetu jaina-jagat meM eka sUtra pracalita hai . kriyAe karma, upayoge dharma, pariNAme baMdha' isakA bhAvArtha hai-"kriyA se karma Ate haiM, upayoga (zuddhopayoga) se dharma hotA hai, aura karmabandha pariNAmoM (rAgAdi zubhAzubha bhAvoM) para AdhArita hai|" gItA ke dRSTikoNa ke anusAra jainadarzana bhI yaha svIkAra karatA hai, jaba taka jIvana hai, taba taka zarIra se sarvathA niSkriya (yogajanita vyApAra se 1. vyAkhyA-prajJapti (bhagavatI) sUtra za.3 u.3 sU.150 se 153 2. jainakarma siddhAnta : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. For Personal & Private Use Only

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508 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) rahita) nahIM rahA jA sktaa| sarvathA akriya avasthA caudahaveM guNasthAna meM hotI hai, usase pahale taka, yahA~ taka ki terahaveM guNasthAna taka koI na koI kriyA avazya rahatI hai| mAnasika vRtti ke sAtha hI zArIrika evaM vAcika kriyAe~ bhI calatI rahatI haiM, aura kriyA ke phalasvarUpa karmoM kA Agamana (Amrava) bhI hotA hai| kintu rAgAdiyukta yA kaSAyayukta prANiyoM kI kriyAoM ke dvArA hone vAle karmAsrava aura kaSAyavRttirahita vItarAga dRSTisampanna vyaktiyoM kI kriyAoM ke dvArA hone vAle karmAsrava meM bahuta hI antara hai| kaSAyayukta prANiyoM kI pratyeka kriyA sAmparAyikI hotI hai, jabaki kaSAyarahita vyaktiyoM kI pratyeka kriyA hotI hai, aipithikii| isI tathya ko vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai"sAmparAyikI kriyA sakaSAyI aura utsUtrI (sUtra-siddhAntaviruddha prarUpaNa, AcaraNa) karane vAle ko lagatI hai jabaki iryApathikI kriyA akaSAyI evaM sasUtrI (sUtrAnusAra prarUpaNa AcaraNa karane vAle) sAdhakoM ko lagatI hai"|' vahA~ yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki mahAvratI zramaNa nirgrantha bhI yadi jJAna-darzanAdi sAdhanA yA mahAvratAdi AcaraNa kI kriyA meM pramAda karate haiM yA kaSAyayukta pravRtti karate haiM to ukta yoga evaM pramAda se unake bhI sAmparAyika kriyAe~ lagatI haiN| karma aura akarma kI phalita paribhASA pUrvokta donoM kriyAoM ke phala meM antara yaha hai ki-donoM kriyAoM se karmoM kA Asrava hote hue bhI sAmparAyika kriyA se hone vAlA karmAsrava bandhanakAraka hotA hai| kaSAyasahita kriyAoM se hone vAlA sAmparAyika karma kahalAtA hai, jo AtmA ke svabhAva ko AvRta karake usameM vibhAva utpanna karatA hai| kintu jo kriyA kaSAyavRtti se Upara uThe hue vItarAgadRSTisampanna vyaktiyoM dvArA hotI hai, usase hone vAlA karma IryApathika kahalAtA hai, vaha karma bandhanakAraka nahIM hotA hai| jisa prakAra mArga kI dhUla ke sUkhe kaNa pahale samaya meM sUkhe vastra para lagate haiM aura dUsare hI kSaNa (samaya) meM gati ke sAtha hI ve vastra se alaga hokara jhar3a jAte haiM; usI prakAra uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke anusAra, "jyoM hI cAra ghAtikarma kSaya karake sAdhaka sayogI kevalI hotA hai, tyoM hI prathama samaya meM karmabaddha hotA 1. 'sakaSAyA'kaSAyayoH saampraayikeryaapthyoH|' -tatvArthasUtra a. 6, sU. 5 2. (ka) vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra za. 8 u. 8 sU. 341-342 (kha) vahI, za. 7 u. 1, sU. 267 3. vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra (maNDitaputra-prazna kA uttara) za. 1 u. 3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmoM ke rUpa : karma, vikarma aura akarma 509 hai, dvitIya samaya meM usakA vedana hotA hai aura tRtIya samaya meM vaha nirjIrNa hokara jhar3a jAtA hai| aura tatkAla vaha akarmA ho jAtA hai| karma kA sukhasparza kevala do samaya taka rahatA hai| "" vastutaH ukta donoM prakAra kI kriyAoM meM jo Asrava ke sAtha bandha kA kAraNa hai, usase hone vAlA karma sthiti aura anubhAva bandha pUrvaka udaya meM Ane para zubhAzubha phala pradAna karane vAlA hotA hai, jabaki jo kriyA akaSAyI vRtti dvArA hotI hai, usase hone vAlA karma prakRti aura pradezodayarUpa hotA hai| bandhakAraka na hone se aisI (airyApathikI) kriyA saMvara (karma-nirodha) evaM nirjarA (karma ke AMzikakSaya) kA kAraNa banatI hai / rAgadveSAdiyukta na hone se aisA karma karttA ke cipakatA nahIM, vaha nAmamAtra kA karma hai| aise karma ko 'akarma kI koTi meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki bandhaka karmoM ko 'karma' aura abandhaka karmoM kA 'karma' hote hue bhI "akarma" kahA gyaa| bandhaka - abandhaka karma kA AdhAra bAhya kriyAe~ nahIM bandhaka karma aura abandhaka karma kA AdhAra bAhya kriyA nahIM hai, apitu vaha karttA ke pariNAma, manobhAva athavA viveka - aviveka para nirbhara hai / yadi kartA ke pariNAma rAgAdiyukta nahIM haiM, zArIrika kriyAe~ bhI anivArya tathA saMyamI jIvana yAtrArtha apramatta hokara yatnAcArapUrvaka kI jA rahI haiM, athavA zArIrika kriyAoM se atirikta nirapekSa bhAva se sva-para-kalyANArtha pravRttiyA~ kI jA rahI haiM, yA karmakSaya (nirjarA) ke hetu jJAna-darzana- cAritra evaM tapa kI apramattabhAva se sAdhanA kI jAtI hai, to usase hone vAle karma rAga-dveSa se rahita hone se bandhanakAraka nahIM hote, isalie akarma hai| isI dRSTi se sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM "pramAda ko 'karma' aura apramAda ko 'akarma' kahA gayA hai|" pramAda meM kaSAya, viSayAsakti, vikathA, asAvadhAnI, ayatnA, mada Adi sabhI kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| tIrthaMkaroM tathA vItarAga puruSoM kI saMgha pravartana Adi loka-kalyANakArI pravRttiyA~ bhI 1. "jAva sajogI (kavalI) bhavai, tAva IriyAvahiyaM kammaM nibaMdhaI, suhapharisaM dusamayaThiiyaM / taM paDhamasamae baddha, biiya samae veiyaM, taiya samae nijjiNNaM / taM baddhaM puDhaM udIriyaM veiyaM nijjiNNaM seyAle ya akammayA ca bhvi|" -uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 29/71 vA~ bola For Personal & Private Use Only

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510 karma - vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) akarma kI koTi meM AtI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM "jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa ke samyak AcaraNa - apramattatApUrvaka rAgAdirahita AcaraNa ko mokSa (karmoM se mukta hone kA) mArga kahA gayA hai| " ? saMkSepa meM ve sabhI kriyAe~, jo Asrava evaM bandha kI kAraNa haiM, karma haiM, aura ve samasta kriyAe~ jo bahudhA saMvara aura nirjarA kI kAraNa haiM, ve akarma haiN| abandhakAraka kriyAe~ bhI rAgAdi pUrvaka kaSAyayukta hone se bandhaka ho jAtI haiM 'karmaNA badhyate-jantuH' (karma prANI ko bAMdhatA hai) mahAbhArata (zAntiparva 240) kI yaha ukti akSarazaH satya nahIM hai| usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki sabhI karma yA kriyA eka sI nahIM hotI / bandhana kI apekSA se unameM antara hotA hai / kriyA eka sarIkhI hote hue bhI koI karmabandhakAraka nahIM hotI, koI karmabandhakAraka hotI hai| isalie kauna-sA karma bandhana kAraka hai, kauna-sA nahIM ? ; isakA nirNaya kevala kriyA ke AdhAra para se nahIM hotA / jainadarzana isakA nirNaya kartA ke bhAvoM, pariNAmoM, tathA usa kriyA ke prayojana-uddezya ke AdhAra para karatA hai| mAna lIjie, eka sAdhaka ahiMsA-satyAdi mahAvratoM kA pAlana kara rahA hai, athavA bAhya tathA Abhyantara dvividha tapasyA kara rahA hai, sevA (vaiyAvRtya) kara rahA hai, pAMca samiti, tIna gupti kA pAlana bhI kara rahA hai, dhArmika kriyAe~ bhI kara rahA hai, parantu ina sabake pIche usakI dRSTi evaM vRtti samyak nahIM hai, yA kaSAyarahita nahIM hai, athavA usakA uddezya utkRSTAcArI, kriyApAtra, yA isI prakAra kI kisI pratiSThA-arjana karane kA hai, athavA apane anuyAyiyoM yA bhaktoM kI saMkhyA bar3hAkara unase uttamottama vastra, pAtra, upakaraNa athavA sarasa svAdiSTa AhAra Adi vastue~ prApta karane kI Antarika icchA hai, athavA utkRSTAcAra-vicAra batAkara yA utkRSTa tapazcaraNa yA utkRSTa kriyAoM kA pradarzana karake apane tathAkathita sampradAya yA mata-paMtha-mArga kA varcasva evaM yazovardhana karane kI lalaka hai, athavA sampanna bhaktoM ko prabhAvita evaM AkRSTa karake apane ziSya - ziSyAoM kI zikSA-dIkSA meM tathA anya va-samArohAdi ADambaroM meM unase artha-vyaya karAne kI avyakta icchA utsava 1. (ka) jainakarma siddhAnta : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 54 -sUtrakRtAMga 1/8/3 (kha) "pamAyaM kammamAhaMsu appamAyaM tahA'varaM / " (ga) nANaM ca dasaNaM ceva, caritaM ca tavo thaa| esa maggetti pannatto jiNehiM varadaMsihiM // - uttarAdhyayana sUtra 28/2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmoM ke rUpa : karma, vikarma aura akarma 511 hai, to pUrvokta karma-abandhaka kahalAne vAlI sAdhanAtmaka kriyAe~ bhI 'akarma ke badale 'karma' meM hI parigaNita hoNgii| sAdhanAtmaka kriyAe~ bhI 'akarma ke badale karma rUpa bana jAtI haiM, kaba aura kyoM ? - agara aisI sAdhanAtmaka kriyAe~ bhI ihalaukika pada, pratiSThA, kIrti, sampatti, sarasa AhAra Adi kisI bhI vastu kI prApti kI kAmanA se prerita hokara kI jA rahI haiM, athavA mahAvratAdi yA ratna-traya kI sAdhanA bhI prazasta rAgavaza kI jA rahI hai, to bhI karmakSaya karane vAlI ye kriyAe~ karmabandhaka ho jaaeNgii| arthAt-ve 'akarma' na kahalA kara 'karma' khlaaeNgii| bhale hI ve kriyAe~ zubha hone se zubhakarma (puNya) bandhaka hoN| dazavaikAlika sUtra meM karmakSaya (nirjarA) kAraka akarmarUpa tapazcaraNa tathA karmamukti ke lie sAdhaka samyagjJAna Adi paMcavidha AcAra' athavA ratnatrayarUpa dharmAcaraNa ke lie spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki ihalaukika yA pAralaukika kAmanApUrti ke lie tathA kIrti, vAhavAhI, prazaMsA, pratiSThA, prazasti, prasiddhi Adi kI dRSTi se koI bhI tapazcaraNa, paMcavidha samyak AcAra kA anuSThAna yA saddharmAcaraNa mata karo; use ekamAtra nirjarA (AtmazuddhikarmakSaya) ke lie athavA vItarAgatA ke hetu se kro| anyathA aisA tapazcaraNa yA dharmAcaraNa karmakSayakAraka hone kI apekSA karmabandhakAraka ho jaaegaa| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM bhI batAyA gayA hai ki "yogyarIti se kiyA huA karmakSaya kA kAraNabhUta tapa bhI. yadi yaza-kIrti kI icchA se kiyA jAtA hai to vaha zuddha karma (akama) kI koTi meM nahIM hogaa|"3 akarma bhI karma aura karma bhI akarma ho jAtA hai, kaba aura kaise ? cUMki ye aura isa prakAra ke zuddha kahalAne vAle karma bhI prazasta rAgayukta hone se zuddhopayogayukta nahIM hote| yahI kAraNa hai ki . karmakSayakAraka kahalAne vAle zuddha karma (akama) samAnarUpa se kiye jAne para bhI ve samyagdRSTi ke "zuddhapayogamUlaka aura mithyAdRSTi ke lie nidAnarUpa phalAkAMkSA mUlaka hone se pRthak-pRthak koTi ke ho jAte haiN|" 1. jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra, viiryaacaar| 2. (ka) no ihalogaTThayAe tavamahiTThijjA, no paralogaTThayAe tavamahiTThijjA, no kittivana-saddasilogaTThayAe tavamahiTThijjA nannatya nijjara?yAe tavamahi tttthijjaa|| (kha) no ihalogaTThayAe AyAramahiTThijjA, no paralogaTThayAe AyAramahiTThijjA, no . kittivanna-saddasilogaTThayAe AyAramahiTThijjA, nannatya ArahaMtehiM heuhiM aayaarmhitttthijjaa|| 3. . sUtrakRtAMga zru. 1 a.8 gA. 22-24 -daza vai. 9/4/4-5 For Personal & Private Use Only

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512 karma - vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) isalie jo karma, kriyA, pravRtti yA AcaraNa zuddha tathA abandhakAraka mAne jAte haiM, ve eka samAna kiye jAne para bhI kartA ke manobhAvoM kI apekSA se bandhaka-abandhaka rUpa meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke ho sakate haiN| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM spaSTarUpa se batAyA gayA hai ki jo jJAnI (prabuddha yA apramattajAgRta) mahAbhAga haiM, vIra haiM, samyaktvadarzI haiM, unakA vaha parAkrama - puruSArtha yA AcaraNa zuddha hai, kyoMki vaha sarvathA phalAkAMkSA rahita hai| kintu isake viparIta jo abuddha (ajAgRta, pramatta yA ajJa) haiM, mahAn bhAgyavAn (puNyazAlI haiM, vIra bhI haiM, kintu asamyakdarzI haiM, unakA vaha parAkrama AcaraNa yA puruSArtha azuddha hai, kyoMki vaha sarvataH phalAkAMkSAyukta hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jJAnI aura ajJAnI donoM hI karmavIratA dikhAte hue cAhe samAnarUpa se karma (AcaraNa) karate hue dikhAI dete hoM, parantu unake pIche dRSTi meM samyaktva - asamyaktva kA antara hone se eka kA vaha puruSArtha zuddha (karma-abandhaka) hotA hai aura dUsare kA hotA hai-azuddha (karma bndhk)| Azaya yaha hai ki jJAna aura bodha se yukta vyakti apramatta hokara kaSAyarahita vRtti se ekamAtra nirjarA (karmakSaya) yA saMvara (karmanirodha) kI dRSTi se parAkrama karatA hai to usakA vaha parAkrama azuddha tathA karmabandhakAraka nahIM hotA, use usakA kucha bhI phala bhoganA nahIM par3atA, jabaki ajJAnI aura samyakbodha se rahita vRtti kA parAkrama sakAma-kAmanAyukta hone se nirjarA evaM saMvara se rahita hotA hai, isa kAraNa vaha parAkrama azuddha aura karmabandhakAraka hotA hai, usakA phala use sarvathA bhoganA par3atA hai|' isalie bandhana- abandhana kI dRSTi se karma akarma kA vicAra usake bAhya rUpa ke AdhAra para nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, usake pIche kartA kI dRSTi, prayojana, pariNAma (bhAva), deza - kAlagata paristhitiyA~ evaM viveka ko bhI dekhA jAtA hai| isI kAraNa bhagavadgItA meM kahA gayA hai - "kauna-sA karma (bandhaka karma) hai aura kauna-sA akarma ( abandhaka karma) hai ? isa viSaya meM vidvAn bhI mohita ho jAte haiM / " " ataH kisI karma, AcaraNa, pravRtti yA puruSArtha ko Upara-Upara se dekhakara yathArtha nirNaya karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai ki vaha karma bandhanakAraka hai yA abandhaka ? 1. je ya buddhA mahAbhAgA vIrA sammattadaMsiNo, suddhaM tesiM parakkantaM aphalaM hoi sasavvaso / yA buddhA mahAbhAgA vIrA'samattadaMsiNo, 'azuddha' tesiM parakkataM saphalaM hoi savvaso / 2. (ka) 'kiM karma, kimakarmeti kavayo'pyatra mohitAH / ' - sUtrakRtAMga zru. 1, a. 8/23-24 - bhagavadgItA 4/16 (kha) jainakarma siddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) ke bhAvAMza uddhRta / For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmoM ke rUpa : karma, vikarma aura akarma 513 isa sambandha meM gItA aura jainadarzana donoM ekamata ho jAte haiN| AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI karma aura akarma kI, arthAt-bandhaka aura abandhaka karma kI bhinnatA spaSTa rUpa se batAI gaI hai| Asrava saMvararUpa aura saMvara AmravarUpa ho jAte haiM kyoM aura kaise ? AcArAMga sUtra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki jo Asrava (karmoM ke Agamana aura bandha ke kAraNa) haiM, ve parisrava (saMvara-karmoM ke nirodha evaM nirjarA ke kAraNa) ho jAte haiM, isake viparIta jo parisrava (saMvara) haiM, ve Asrava bhI ho jAte haiN|" ina donoM sUtroM kA Azaya yaha hai ki jo Asrava evaM baMdha ke sthAna yA nimitta haiM, ve vyakti kI AtmajAgRti, saMvara evaM nirjarA (karma ke aMzataH kSaya) ke bhAvoM ko lekara saMvara evaM nirjarA ke kAraNa yA nimitta bana jAte haiM, isake viparIta jo saMvara aura nirjarA ke sthAna, kAraNa yA nimitta haiM, ve bhI vyakti (kattA) ke kaSAyAdi yA rAgAdi bhAvoM ko lekara Asrava evaM bandha ke kAraNa, nimitta yA sthAna bana jAte haiN| udAharaNArtha-do mitra eka aparicita nagara meM pahu~cate haiN| unameM se eka ne sunA ki isa nagara meM jaina-dharmasthAnaka hai, vahA~ sAdhu-munirAja virAjamAna haiN| usane apane mitra se kahA-"maiM munivara kA pravacana sunane sthAnaka meM jaauuNgaa| unake sarasa sundara pravacana sunuuNgaa|" dUsare ne kahA-"maiM munirAja kA nIrasa pravacana sunane nahIM jaauuNgaa| maiM to vezyA kI mahaphila meM jAU~gA, vahA~ sarasa rocaka gIta sunUgA~, nRtya dekhuugaaN|" / donoM mitra apane-apane manonIta sthala para pahu~ca jAte haiN| parantu munirAz2a kA pravacana sunane vAlA vyakti thor3I hI dera meM Uba gayA aura socane lagA-"maiM kahA~ A phaMsA ? yahA~ rUkhA-sUkhA nIrasa viSaya hai! merA mitra vezyA ke sarasa nRtya-gIta kA darzana-zravaNa kara rahA hogaa| maiM bhI vahA~ jAtA to acchA rhtaa|" ...kintu vezyA kI mahaphila meM pahu~cane vAlA mitra vezyA ke nRtya-gItoM ko dekha-sunakara jhuMjhalA uThatA hai| socatA hai-"maiM kahA~ isa kuTila aura dhanalolupa kAminI ke yahA~ A phNsaa| yaha viSaya sarasa hote hue bhI manuSya ko viSayAsakti ke azubha bhAvoM meM uttejita karake pApa kI khAI meM paTakane vAlA hai| merA mitra munirAja ke sarasa vyAkhyAna sunakara zuddha bhAvoM meM DUba rahA hogaa| maiM Aja saMvara aura nirjarA ke zuddha bhAvoM se vaMcita rhaa|" 1. "je AsavA te parissavA, je parissavA te aasvaa|" -AcArAgasUtra zru. 1, a. 4 u. 2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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514. karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) isa dRSTAnta meM eka mitra saMvara nirjarA ke sthAna meM jAkara bhI Asrava evaM bandha ke utpAdaka karma bAMdha letA hai, jabaki dUsarA mitra Asrava aura bandha ke sthAna meM jAkara bhI saMvara aura nirjarA kA upArjana kara letA hai| donoM ke samakSa manonIta (saMvara evaM Asrava ke anukUla) nimitta ko pAkara bhI viparIta bhAvoM ko lekara karmabandha aura karmakSaya kara lete haiN| sthUlibhadra muni apanI pUrvaparicita kozA vezyA ke (pAparUpa) Asrava evaM bandha ke nimitta-bhUta sthAna meM cAturmAsa vyatIta karake bhI saMvara aura nirjarA kA upArjana kara lete haiN| isIlie kahA gayA hai ki karma bhI akarma ho jAtA hai, aura akarma bhI karmarUpa ho jAtA hai| vastutaH kisI bhI kriyA, pravRtti yA AcaraNa kA bandhakatva mAtra kriyA ke ghaTita hone meM nahIM, varan usake pIche rahe hue manda-tIvra kaSAyabhAvoM tathA rAga-dveSAdi mandatA-tIvratA para nirbhara hai| tathaiva abandhakatva nirbhara hai-kaSAya evaM Asakti se rahita yA vItarAgatA kI dRSTi se yukta hokara kiye gae karma yA kriyA (pravRtti) pr|' karma kA artha kevala sakriyatA aura akarma kA kevala niSkriyatA nahIM jainadRSTi evaM gItA kI dRSTi meM karma kA artha kevala sakriyatA yA pravRttimAtra nahIM hai, aura na hI akarma kA artha-niSkriyatA yA ekAnta nivRtti| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM isa ekAntavAda kA nirAkaraNa karate hue kahA gayA hai- "kucha logoM kA kathana hai-karma (ekAnta pravRtti yA sakriyatA) hI puruSArtha (vIya) hai, jabaki kucha loga kahate haiM-akarma (ekAntanivRttiniSkriyatA) hI puruSArtha (vIya) hai|" isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki adhikAMza vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM sakriyatA yA ekAnta pravRtti hI naitikatA hai, puruSArtha hai; jabaki kucha logoM kI dRSTi meM ekAnta nivRtti yA niSkriyatA hI naitikatA yA puruSArtha hai| kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM ye donoM hI ekAntavAda haiM, mithyAdarzana rUpa haiM, azuddha puruSArtha (parAkrama yA vIya) haiN| karma kA artha kevala pravRtti nahIM, akarma kA artha nivRtti nahIM isa sambandha meM gAMdhIvAdI prasiddha vicAraka sva. kizoralAla mazruvAlA ke vicAra mananIya haiM-"......'zarIra, vANI aura mana kI kriyAmAtra karma hai': 1. (ka) pUjya AcArya zrI javAharalAla jI ma. ke vyAkhyAna (javAhara kiraNAvalI) se bhAvArtha uddhRt| (kha) jainakarma siddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) se bhAvAMza uddhRt| 2. (ka) vahI (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) bhAvAMza (kha) sUtrakRtAMgasUtra zru. 1, a. 8, gA. 1-2 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #537
karmoM ke rUpa : karma, vikarma aura akarma 515 yadi karma kA hama yaha artha lete haiM to jaba taka deha hai, taba taka koI bhI manuSya karma karanA bilakula chor3a nahIM sktaa| kathAoM meM AtA hai-usa taraha koI muni cAhe to varSabhara taka nirvikalpa samAdhi meM nizceSTa hokara par3A rahe, parantu jisa kSaNa vaha uThegA (samAdhi kholegA) usa kSaNa vaha kucha na kucha karma avazya kregaa| isake alAvA hamArI kalpanA aisI ho ki hamArA vyaktitva deha se pare janma-janmAntara pAne vAlA jIvarUpa hai, taba to deha ke binA bhI vaha kriyAvAna rhegaa| yadi karma se nivRtta hue bimA karmakSaya (akama) na ho sake to usakA yaha artha huA ki karmakSaya hone kI kabhI bhI sambhAvanA nahIM hai|"" / karma, vikarma aura akarma (zuddha kama) kI avyakta jhA~kI __karma, vikarma aura akarma kI avyaktarUpa se jhA~kI dete hue ve likhate haiM-"isalie nivRtti athavA niSkarmatA (aMkarmatA) kA artha sthUla niSkriyatA samajhane meM bhUla hotI hai| niSkarmatA (akarmatA) sUkSma vastu hai| vaha AdhyAtmika arthAt-bauddhika-mAnasika-naitika-bhAvanAviSayaka aura isase bhI pare bodhAtmaka (saMvedanAtmaka-jJAtAdraSTAbhAvAtmaka) hai| ka, kha, ga, gha nAma ke cAra vyakti, pa, pha, ba, bha, nAma ke cAra bhUkhe AdamiyoM ko eka-sA anna dete haiN| cAroM bAhya karma karate haiM aura cAroM ko samAna sthUla tRpti hotI hai| parantu sambhava hai-'ka' lobha se detA ho, 'kha' tiraskAra se detA ho, 'ga' puNyecchA se detA ho aura 'gha' AtmabhAva se svabhAvataH detA ho| usI taraha 'pa' duHkha mAnakara letA ho, 'pha' meharabAnI mAnakara (hIna bhAvanA se) letA ho, 'ba' upakAraka bhAvanA se letA ho, 'bha' mitrabhAva se letA ho| annavyaya aura kSudhA tRpti rUpI bAhya phala sabakA samAna hone para bhI ina bhedoM ke kAraNa karma ke bandhana aura kSaya kI dRSTi se bahuta pharka par3a jAtA hai| lobha yA ahaMkAra yA tiraskAra se dene vAle aura duHkha mAnakara yA svayaM ko hIna mAnakara lene vAle dAtA aura AdAtA kA azubha karma (vikama) kA bandha, 'puNyecchA se dene vAle tathA upakAraka bhAvanA se lene vAle dAtA va AdAtA ko zubhakarma (kama) kA bandha, evaM AtmabhAva se svabhAvataH dene vAle dAtA aura mitrabhAva se lene vAle AdAtA kA karmakSaya (akama) hai| usI taraha ka kha ga gha se pa pha ba bha anna mAMgeM aura cAroM vyakti bhojana na karAveM, to isameM karma se samAna parAvRtti hai aura cAroM kI sthUla bhUkha para isakA samAna pariNAma hotA hai, phira bhI bhojana na karAne yA na 1. jinavANI karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka meM ki. gha. mazruvAlA ke prakAzita lekha se pR. 250 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #538
516. karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) pAne ke pIche rahI huI buddhi, bhAvanA, nIti, saMvedanA ityAdi bheda se isa karmaparAvRtti se karma ke bandhana aura kSaya eka-se nahIM hote|" "......parAvRtti kA artha nivRtti nahIM, apitu vartana kA abhAva hai| vRtti yA vartana kA artha bhI pravRtti nahIM, apitu kevala baratanA hai| pravRtti kA artha hai-vizeSa prakAra ke AdhyAtmika bhAvoM se baratanA, tathA nivRtti kA artha hai-vRtti tathA parAvRtti sambandhI pravRtti se bhinna prakAra kI viziSTa AdhyAtmika sNvednaa|"2 bha. mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM : pramAda karma, apramAda akarma bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM, karma kA artha-zarIrAdi ceSTA mAtra yA pravRtti mAtra nahIM hai aura na hI akarma kA artha-zarIrAdi kA abhAva yA ekAnta nivRtti hai| 'sUtrakRtAMgasUtra' meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke karma aura akarma ke dRSTikoNa ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki "pramAda ko hI 'karma' (bandhaka kama) kahA gayA hai, tathA apramAda ko 'akarma' (abandhaka kama) kahA hai|" isakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki karma kevala sakriyatA yA pravRttimAtra nahIM hai, kintu kisI bhI pravRtti yA kriyA ke pIche ajAgRti, pramattadazA yA AtmasvarUpa ke bhAna kA abhAva honA karma hai, isI prakAra akarma kA artha ekAntanivRtti yA niSkriyatA nahIM, apitu pravRtti yA nivRtti ke sAtha satata jAgRti, apramattadazA, athavA Atma-svarUpa kA bhAna hai| Azaya yaha hai ki apramattadazA meM yA AtmajAgRti ke sAtha kI huI kriyA yA sakriyatA (pravRtti) bhI akarma ho sakatI hai, javaki pramattadazA yA AtmajAgRti ke abhAva meM kI huI nivRtti yA niSkriyatA bhI karma (karmabandhaka) ho sakatI hai|" __ isIlie 'AcArAMga sUtra' meM kahA gayA hai-"pramatta ko (vItarAga paramAtmA kI AjJA se-AtmasvarUpa ke bhAna se) bAhara dekha (smjh)| ataH apramatta hokara sadA parAkrama (puruSArtha) kara; (yahI akama) hai|" ekAnta niSkriyatA ko akarma mAnane meM doSApatti agara ekAnta niSkriyatA ko hI akarma kahA jAegA to mRta prANI yA pRthvIkAyAdi pAMca prakAra ke sthAvara jIva sthUladRSTi se niSkriya hone se unakI niSkriyatA yA nivRtti ko 'akarma' kahanA par3egA, jo karma-siddhAnta se sammata nahIM hai| jainasiddhAnta yaha hai ki AtmA nizcayadRSTi se avinAzI aura avinazvara hai| isalie sthUla zarIra cAhe chUTa jAe, sUkSma 1. jinavANI karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka meM ki. gha. mazruvAlA ke prakAzita lekha se pR. 251 2. vahI, pR. 251 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #539
karmoM ke rUpa : karma, vikarma aura akarma 517 evaM sUkSmatara (taijasa aura kArmaNa) zarIra to jIva (AtmA) ke sAtha janma-janmAntara taka aura taba taka rahate haiM, jaba taka vaha karmoM se mukta nahIM ho jaataa| sakaSAyI jIva hiMsAdi meM apravRtta hone para bhI pApakarmaphalabhAgI isI dRSTi se 'puruSArtha siddhayupAya' meM kahA gayA hai ki koI vyakti niSkriya avasthA meM hai, kucha bhI ceSTA nahIM kara rahA hai, kintu rAgAdi ke vaza hai, usake jIvana meM zuddhopayoga nahIM hai, aura na hI vaha hiMsAdi pApoM se kiMcid bhI virata (nivRtta) yA virakta hai, aisA vyakti bAhyarUpa se hiMsAdi na karatA huA bhI hiMsAdi pApa karma ke phala kA bhAgI bana jAtA hai| kyoMki aisA vyakti pravRtti karane se pahale kaSAyayukta hokara hiMsAdi karma karane meM pravRtta hotA hai, isake pazcAt usa prANI kI hiMsA ho yA na ho, usane apanI AtmA kI to bhAvahiMsA kara lii| 'bhagavatI sUtra' meM varNana AtA hai ki eka zikArI kisI mRga Adi para bANa (zastra) calAtA hai, kintu daivayoga se bANa usa para nahIM lgtaa| aisI sthiti meM vaha prANI bhale hI usake bANa se na marA ho, na hI ghAyala huA ho phira bhI usa zikArI (vyakti) ke prANAtipAtarUpa sAmparAyikI kriyA laga cukii| phalataH bAhara se niSkriyatA kI sthiti hone para bhI use prANAtipAta (hiMsA) kI kriyA laga jAtI hai aura pApa karma kA baMdha bhI hotA hai| 2 1. (ka) "pamAyaM kammamAhaMsu appamAyaM tahAvaraM / " - sUtrakRtAgaMsUtra zru. 1 a. 8 gA. 3 (kha) "pamatte bahiyA pAsa, appamatte tayA parikkamijjAsi / " - AcArAMga sUtra zru. 1 a. 4 u. 1 (ga) jainakarma siddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) se bhAvArtha uddhRta pR. 49 2. (ka) vyutthAnAvasthAyAM rAgAdInAM vazapravRttAyAM mriyatAM jIvo mA vA dhAvatyagre dhruve hiMsA // 46 // yasmAt sakaSAyaH san hantyAtmA prathammAtmanA''tmAnam / pazcAjjAyate na vA hiMsA prANyantarANAM tu // 51 // avidhAyA'pi hiMsA, hiMsAphala- bhAjanaM bhavatyekaH / kRtvA'pyaparo hiMsA, hiMsAphalabhAjanaM na syAt // 45 // yuktAcaraNasya sato, rAgAdyAvezamantareNA'pi / na hi bhavati jAtu hiMsA, prANa- vyaparopaNAdeH // 45 // - puruSArtha siddhayupAya 46, 47, 51, 45 (kha) vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra za. 1 u. 8 sU. 65 se 69 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #540
518 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) sakriyatAmAtra karma nahIM, vaha akarma bhI : kyoM aura kaise ? isI prakAra sakriyatA (pravRttimAtra yA yAvatkAya) ko bhI karma mAnanA yukti aura jainakarma-siddhAnta se viruddha hai| yadi isa prakAra pravRttimAtra, yAvat kArya yA kriyA ko karma-hetuka yA karmabandhaka mAnA jAegA to vItarAgakevalI bhagavAn yA tIrthaMkaroM ke bhI karmabandha hone lgeNge| phira to vItarAgadRSTi se tathA akaSAyavRtti se yukta apramatta sAdhaka yA tIrthakara athavA kevalI bhagavAn se hone vAlI kriyA yA pravRtti ko bhI 'bandhaka karma' vAlI kahanI pdd'egii| jabaki siddhAntAnusAra vItarAga sayogI kevalI, tIrthakara Adi ko sazarIrI (sadeha) hone ke kAraNa sAmparAyikI kriyA nahIM lagatI, sirpha IpithikI kriyA lagatI hai| sAmparAyikI kriyA to unheM taba lagatI, jaba ve kaSAyayukta yA rAgAdiyukta hote| sAmparAyikI kriyA hI karmabandha kA kAraNa hai, IryApathikI kriyA nhiiN| ataH sadeha vItarAga kevalI tathA tIrthakara dvArA sarvathA karmamukta na hone taka AhAra-vihAra, upadeza, vArtAlApa, dIkSA-pradAna, tapasyA, mahAvrata-pAlana, tIrthakara sthApita caturvidha saMgha ke zreya ke lie anivArya kartavya, tathA saMyama Adi aneka Avazyaka . kArya hote haiM; kintu ve airyApathika kriyA janita zubhakarmAsrava bandhanakAraka nahIM hote, kyoMki kevala apramatta evaM kaSAyarahita yogoM se hote haiM; pramAda tathA kaSAyayukta yogoM se nhiiN| ataH sakriyatA (pravRtti) hone para bhI vaha karma bandhakAraka nahIM hotii| vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki IryA (dainika caryA, IryAsamiti) zodha kara calate hue bhAvitAtmA sAdhu ke paira ke nIce Akara yadi koI jIva mara jAtA hai, to ukta sAdhu ko IpithikI kriyA lagatI hai, sAmparAyikI nhiiN| arthAt-usakI vaha kriyA pramAda evaM kaSAyayukta yoga se nahIM hotii| isalie karmabandhaka nahIM hotii| karmabandhaka na hone ke kAraNa, vaha karma hone para bhI 'akarma' kahalAtI haiN| balki vItarAga-avasthA meM huI samasta kriyAe~ saMvara aura nirjarA kI kAraNa hone se bhI 'akarma kI koTi meM AtI haiN| isIlie sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai-ajJAnI puruSa karma (vividha puNya karmoM ke anuSThAna ke sAtha rAgAdi yA kaSAyAdi kA maila mila jAne) se karmakSaya nahIM kara pAte; jabaki jJAnI dhIra puruSa akarma (karmabandharahita saMvara nirjarA-rUpa kAryo) se karma kA kSaya kara DAlate haiN|2 1 rA. 7 u.1, za.8 u.8, tathA za. 17 u.1, evaM 18/8 2. (ka) vahI, za. 6 u. 9, sU. 152 tathA 16/3/570 (kha) "na kammuNA kamma khaventi bAlA, akammuNA kamma khati dhiiraa|" -sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 1/12/15 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #541
karmoM ke rUpa : karma, vikarma aura akarma 519 yAvatkarma ko karma mAnanA nyAyasaMgata nahIM, ayuttika bhI ataH naiyAyikoM kA yaha kathana bhI jainakarmasiddhAnta-sammata nahIM hai ki kArya mAtra ke prati karma sAdhAraNa kAraNa hai| naiyAyika darzana jIvAtmA ko vyApaka mAnakara karma ko jIva-niSTha mAnatA hai| usakA kahanA hai-karma jIva kA eka guNa hai| guNa guNI (AtmA) se kabhI pRthak nahIM hotaa| isa dRSTi se jIvAtmA ke dvArA jo bhI kArya hotA hai, usake sAtha karma baMdha jAtA hai| itanA hI nahIM, jaisA ki paM. phUlacaMda jI siddhAntazAstrI likhate haiM'jahA~ bhI jIvAtmA ke upabhoga ke yogya kArya kI sRSTi hotI hai, vahA~ usake karma kA saMyoga hokara hI vaisA hotA hai| amerikA meM banane vAlI jina moTaroM yA anya vastuoM kA bhAratIyoM dvArA upabhoga hotA hai, ve (padAtha) una upabhoktAoM ke karmAnusAra hI nirmita hote haiM aura isI se ve kAlAntara meM apane-apane upabhoktAo ke pAsa pahu~ca jAte haiN|..........arthaat-upbhogy vastuoM ke vibhAgIkaraNa kA tulAdaNDa (bhI) karma hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki rAga-dveSa aura moha se rahita hokara mAtra kartavya evaM zarIra-nirvAha ke hetu kiyA jAne vAlA-karma-airyApathika karma, zuddha (abandhaka) karma athavA akarma hai| isake viparIta karma kA artha hai-rAga-dveSa evaM moha se prerita hokara kiyA jAne vAlA sAmparAyika kriyA janita bandhaka krm| vikarma kA svarUpa aura pahacAna | yaha to huA jainadRSTi se karma aura akarma kA lekhaa-jokhaa| aba thor3A-sA vikarma ke viSaya meM vicAra krleN| jisa prakAra karma se hI 'akarma' prAdurbhUta athavA nirmita hotA hai, usI prakAra 'vikama' bhI karma meM se prAdurbhUta yA nirmita hotA hai| karma ke hI do vibhAga ho jAte haiM-eka zubha aura dUsarA ashubh| tattvArtha sUtra meM Asrava aura bandha ke do bheda batAe gae haiM vahA~ zubhayoga ko puNya Asrava (zubhakarmAsrava) aura azubhayoga ko pApAsava (azubhakarmAsrava) kahA hai| sAtha hI zubhayoga ke sAtha kaSAya ho to zubhabandha aura azubhayoga ke sAtha kaSAya ho to azubhabandha bhI ghoSita kiyA gayA 1. (ka) nyAyadarzana sAra (kha) mahAMbadho pu. 2 prastAvanA (paM. phUlacaMda jI) se pR. 24-25 2. puNya, pApa evaM Asrava tathA baMdha kI vistRta carcA agale prakaraNoM meM dekhiye -saMpAdaka 3.. (ka) zubhaH punnysy| azubhaH paapsy| -tattvArthasUtra a. 6, sU. 3-4 . (kha) tattvArthasUtra (vivecana) (paM. sukhalAla jI) se pR. 149 For Personal & Private Use Only

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520 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) karma aura vikarma meM antara ____ pahale yaha batAyA gayA thA ki sAdhaka jaba taka vItarAga-avasthA (kaSAyamukta rAgadveSarahita dazA) ko prApta nahIM huA hai, taba taka usakI pravRttiyoM meM pramAda evaM kaSAyAdiyukta yoga rahegA, aura usakI sakriyatA karmabandhakAraka hogI hii| kintu ye donoM karma sAmparAyika kriyA se janita hote hue bhI tIvrakaSAya evaM mandakaSAya, ayatanA aura yatanA, jJAta aura ajJAta, zubhabhAva aura azubha bhAva, azubharAga aura zubharAga, tathA pramAda kI tIvratA-mandatA kI dRSTi se usI karmabandha ke do vibhAga ho jAte haiM; eka zubhabandha' aura dUsarA ashubhbndh| jo manuSya abhI chadmastha hai, pUrNataH kaSAyamukta nahIM hai, jise vItarAgadazA prApta nahIM huI hai usake dvArA zubhabhAvoM se jo bhI dAna, zIla, tapa, bhAva, paropakAra, vrataniyama-pAlana Adi kI kriyAe~ hotI haiM, ve saba kriyAe~ zubha Asrava evaM zubhabandha kI kAraNa hone se unheM karma (puNyakarma) kahA jAtA hai| isI prakAra jo kriyAe~ azubha Asrava evaM azubhabandha kI kAraNa haiM, unheM 'vikarma (pApakarma) kahA jAtA hai| yatanAzIla sAdhaka kI kriyA, pApakarmabandhaka nahIM hotI dazavaikAlika sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki "jo chadmastha sAdhaka apramatta hokara yatanApUrvaka sAvadhAnI se calanA, uThanA, baiThanA, sonA, jAganA, khAnA-pInA, bolanA Adi koI bhI kriyA karatA hai, to usakI vaha kriyA pApakarmabandhaka nahIM hotii|"2 isakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki sAdhanAtmaka kriyAe~ yatanApUrvaka karane se pApakarma kA bandha nahIM hotaa| yA to una kriyAoM se puNyakarma kA bandha hogA, yA phira unase karma kA kSaya (nirjarA) hogaa| isI zAstra meM Age kahA gayA hai-"jo sAdhaka sarvabhUtAtmabhUta (samasta prANiyoM ko Atmatulya mAnatA) hai, jo prANimAtra ko samadRSTi se 1. (ka) tIvra-manda-jJAtA-jJAta-bhAva-vIryAdhikaraNavizeSebhyastavizeSaH / -tattvArthasUtra 6/7 (kha) tattvArthasUtra (vivecana) (paM. sukhalAla jI) meM vizeSa vyAkhyA dekheM, pR. 153 2. (ka) jayaM care jayaM ciTTe jayamAse jayaM se| jayaM bhujato bhAsaMto pAvakammaM na bNdhii|| (kha) savvabhUyappabhUyassa samma bhUyAi paaso| pihiAsavassa daMtassa pAvakammaM na bNdhi|| -dazavaikAlika sUtra a. 4 gA. 8-9 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmoM ke rUpa : karma, vikarma aura akarma 521 dekhatA hai, jisane hiMsA Adi AsravoM ko roka diyA hai, jo zAnta-dAnta (upazAnta kaSAya) hai vaha bhI pApakarma kA bandha nahIM krtaa|" karma aura akarma kA viveka karane ke lie AcArAgaMsUtra meM nirdeza kiyA gayA hai-"agrakarma aura mUlakarma kA samyak pariprekSaNa (pratilekhana) karake donoM antoM-rAga-dveSa se bacakara karma kr|" yahA~ agrakarma se tAtparya hai-karma (zubhakama) kA aura mUlakarma se tAtparya hai-vikarma (pApakama) kaa| ina donoM se bacakara abandhaka karma (zuddha karma-akama) karane kI yahA~ preraNA karma ke bandha aura abandha kI mImAsA _bandha aura abandha kI mImAMsA karate hue paM. sukhalAlajI likhate haiM"yadi kaSAya (rAgAdi bhAva) nahIM haiM to Upara kI koI bhI kriyA AtmA ko bandhana meM rakhane meM samartha nahIM hai| isase ulTe, yadi kaSAya kA vega bhItara vartamAna hai to Upara se hajAra yatna karane para bhI koI apane ko bandhana se chur3A nahIM sktaa| isI se yaha kahA jAtA hai ki Asakti chor3akara jo kAma kiyA jAtA hai; vaha bandhanakAraka nahIM hotaa|"2 ataH kaSAya (rAgAdi bhAva) se mukta sAdhaka aise karmoM kA kartA hone para bhI 'akarma' kahalAtA hai; vaha karma se lipta (baddha) nahIM hotaa| akarma meM kuzala vyakti kI pahacAna : akarma meM kuzala sthitaprajJa athavA vItarAga vyakti kI pahacAna ke lie AcArAMgasUtra meM batAyA gayA hai-"vaha alobha vRtti (vItarAgavRtti) se (kyoMki dasaveM guNasthAna taka saMjvalana kA lobha rahatA hai; ataH dasaveM guNasthAna se Upara uThakara) virakta hokara kAmabhoga prApta hone para unheM mana se bhI grahaNa (svIkAra) nahIM karatA, unase nirapekSa rahatA hai| isa prakAra lobha kA sarvathA parityAga karake (yAnI bArahaveM guNasthAna meM praviSTa hokara) vaha niSkramaNa karatA hai (zuddha karma meM pravRtta hotA hai) yahI akarma hai| vaha ise bhalIbhAMti jAnatA-dekhatA hai|" _ "aisA akarma-kuzala vyakti (sadeha evaM rAgAdirahita hone se) na to karmoM se baddha hotA hai aura (zarIra rahane taka bhavopagrAhI cAra aghAtI karmoM ke kAraNa) na sarvathA mukta hotA hai|" 1. (ka) kammaM ca paDilehAe aggaM mUlaM ca vigica dhIre palichandiyA NaM nikkmmdNsii| _ (kha) dohiM antehiM adissamANe taM pariNNAya mehaavii| -AcArAMga sUtra a. 3 u. 2/371, tathA a. 3 u. 3, sU. 378 2. karmagrantha prathama bhAga bhUmikA (paM. sukhalAla jI) pR. 26. For Personal & Private Use Only

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522 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . "aise akarmazIla vyakti ke jIvana se laukika vyavahAra athavA pradarzana, ADambara, prapaMca, nAnA upAdhiyA~ Adi rAga-dveSotpAdaka kArya nahIM hote|" vastutaH karma-vikarma tathA akarma ko pahacAnane meM kriyA yA vyavahAra pramukha tattva nahIM hai| pramukha tattva hai-kartA kA cetn-pkss| yadi kartA kI cetanA prabuddha hai, vizuddha hai, jAgRta hai, kaSAyavRtti-rahita yA rAgAdizUnya hai, tathA apramatta aura samyagdRSTi-sampanna hai, to kriyA yA vyavahAra ke bAhya rUpa kA koI mahatva nahIM hotaa|" iSTopadeza meM isI kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA gayA hai.--"jo AtmasvabhAva meM sthira hai, vaha bolate hue bhI nahIM bolatA, calate hue bhI nahIM calatA, dekhate hue bhI nahIM dekhatA hai|" uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI spaSTa kahA gayA hai-"rAgAdi bhAvoM se virata vyakti zokarahita ho jAtA hai, vaha saMsAra meM rahate hue bhI kamalaM patravat alipta rahatA hai|" AcArAMga ke anusAra "nAnA upAdhiyA~ tathA laukika vyavahAra kA Adhikya karma-vikarma ke kAraNa hI rahatA hai|"2 karma, vikarma aura akarma kA spaSTa lakSaNa saMkSepa meM, jo pravRttiyA~ yA karma rAgAdiyukta hone se zubhabandhanakAraka haiM, ve karma haiM jo azubhabandhanakAraka haiM, ve vikarma haiM, aura jo pravRttiyA~ yA karma rAgadveSa rahita hone se bandhanakAraka nahIM haiM, ve akarma hI haiN| ___'gItA' meM bhI akarmavAn kA lakSaNa yahI kiyA hai ki "jo AzAAkAMkSA se rahita hai, jisakA citta aura AtmA prayata hai arthAtyatanAzIla hai, jisane samasta parigrahavRtti kA tyAga kara diyA hai, vaha sAdhaka kevala zArIrika anivArya karma karatA huA pApa ko nahIM prApta hotaa| svataH (anAyAsa) jo kucha prApta ho, usI meM santuSTa rahane vAlA, 1. (ka) lobhaM alobheNa duguMchamANe, laddhe kAme naabhigaahi| viNaittu lobha nikhamma esa akamme jANati paasti| -AcArAMga zru. 1 a. 2 u. 2 (kha) 'kusale puNa no baddhe no mukke|' -vahI zru. 1 a. 2 u.6 (ga) 'akammassa vavahAro na vijji|' -vahI 1/3/1 (gha) jainakarma siddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) se bhAvAMza pR. 52 2. (ka) iSTopadeza (AcArya pUjyapada)41 (kha) uttarAdhyayana sUtra 32/99 (ga) "kammuNA uvAhI jaayi|"-aacaaraaNg 1/3/1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmoM ke rUpa : karma, vikarma aura akarma 523 harSa - zokAdi dvandvoM se atIta, mAtsarya ( ISyA) se rahita tathA siddhi - asiddhi (saphalatA- asaphalatA) meM samatva rakhane vAlA sAdhaka karma karatA huA bhI usase nahIM bNdhtaa|" 'gItArahasya' meM bhI yahI dRSTikoNa prakaTa kiyA gayA hai ki karma aura akarma kA vicAra isI dRSTi se karanA cAhie ki manuSya ko vaha karma kahA~ taka baddha kregaa| karane para bhI jo karma hameM baddha nahIM karatA, usake viSaya maiM kahanA cAhie ki usakA karmatva athavA bandhakatva naSTa ho gyaa| yadi kisI bhI karma kA bandhakatva arthAt karmatva isa prakAra naSTa ho jAe to phira vaha karma akarma hI huA / karma ke bandhakatva (para) se yaha nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai ki vaha karma (vikama) hai yA akarma ? 1 bhagavadgItA meM karma, vikarma aura akarma kA svarUpa bhagavadgItA meM karma, vikarma aura akarma ke svarUpa para gaharAI se cintana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai - "he arjuna! karma kI gati atIva gahana hai| isalie buddhimAn manuSya ko karma aura vikarma (niSiddha karma) kA svarUpa jAnanA cAhie, sAtha hI akarma (zuddha karma) ke svarUpa kA bodha bhI karanA caahie| isa prakAra kA viveka karane vAlA sAdhaka karma meM akarma ko dekha letA haiM aura akarma kahe jAne kArya meM 'karma' ko bhI pahacAna jAtA hai| aisA vyakti manuSyoM meM zreSTha aura buddhimAn hotA hai| vaha sahaja aura anivArya sabhI zArIrika karma karatA hai|" gItA meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki "svabhAva se niyata kiye hue karma ko karatA huA bhI manuSya pApa ko (pApa karmabandha) ko prApta nahIM hotA / " "ataH doSayukta hone para bhI sahaja (svabhAvaja ) karma kA tyAga nahIM karanA caahie|" gItA ke anusAra 'karma' vaha hai jo phala kI icchA se kiyA jAtA hai, bhale hI vaha zubha ho / yajJa, dAna, tapa, tyAga, vrata, niyama, zraddhA bhakti Adi zubhakArya bhI yadi zubha - rAgAviSTa hokara prasiddhi, prazaMsA yA pratisparddhAviza 1. (ka) nirAzIryatacittAtmA tyakta- sarvaparigrahaH / zArIraM kevalaM karma kurvannApnoti kilviSam / yadRcchAlAbha-santuSTo dvandvAtIto vimatsaraH / samaH siddhAvasiddhau ca kRtvApi na nibadhyate // (kha) gItA rahasya (lokamAnya tilaka) se pR. 684 For Personal & Private Use Only -gItA 4/21-22

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524 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . kiye jAte haiM to, ye aura isa prakAra ke anya karma bhI gItA kI dRSTi meM 'karma' haiN| inheM Age calakara gItA meM rAjasa karma bhI kahA gayA hai|' ___gItA kI dRSTi meM 'vikarma' ve hiMsAdi niSiddha azubha (pApa) karma hai, jo dambha, darpa, abhimAna, chala, ThagI utkaTa krodha, vAsanA, azubha phalecchA, nidAna (niyANA) Adi se prerita hokara kiye jAte haiN| aise pApakarma niSprayojana hI mana-vacana-kAyA se sva-para ko kevala pIr3ita karane vAle hote haiN| isake atirikta dUsaroM ko mAranA, lUTanA, ThaganA, dUsare kA dhanAdi, har3apanA, paraspara phUTa DAlanA, hiMsA bhar3akAnA, Aga lagAnA, hatyA, daMgA, zikAra karanA Adi pApakarma bhI vikarma haiM, jo svapara ke lie hAnikAraka haiN| sAmAnyatayA hiMsA, asatya, corI, ThagI, balAtkAra Adi niSiddha karma yA pApakarma mAtra hI 'vikarma' samajhe jAte haiN| jainadRSTi se raudradhyAna (hiMsAnubandhI, mRSAnubandhI, stenAnubandhI aura saMrakSaNAnubandhI bhayaMkara dhyAna) se prerita pApakarma gItA meM vikarma kahe gae haiN| isake atirikta zubha karma samajhe jAne vAle yajJa, dAna, tapa, tyAga, vrata, niyama, zraddhAbhakti Adi kArya bhI pariNAma (natIjA) hAni tathA hiMsAdi kA vicAra kiye binA mUDhatAvaza haTha-moha-pUrvaka dUsaroM kA aniSTa karane tathA dUsaroM ko pIr3A pahu~cAne kI dRSTi se kiye jAte haiM, to ve tAmasa koTi ke karma vikarma ho jAte haiN| parantu kabhI-kabhI bAhya rUpa se vikarma pratIta hone vAle karma bhI kartA kI buddhi agara vArtha, lobha, Asakti Adi se lipta nahIM hai, na hI ahaMkAra hai to zuddha bhAva se athavA kisI ko 1. (ka) karmaNo hyapi bodhavyaM, bodhavyaM ca vikrmnnH| akarmaNazca bodhavyaM, gahanA krmnnogtiH|| karmaNyakarma yaH pazyedakarmaNi ca krmyH| sa buddhimAn manuSyeSu, sa yuktaH kRtsnkrmkRt|| -gItA a. 4 zlo. 17-18 (kha) svabhAvaniyataM karma kurvannApnoti kilvissm| sahajaM karma kaunteya! sadoSamapi na tyjet|| -vahI, 18/47-48 (ga) yattu phalepsunA karma sAhaMkAreNa vA punH| kriyate bahulAyAsaM tdraajsmudaahRtm| -vahI 18/24 (gha) bhagavadgItA a. 2 zlo. 41, 42, 43 2. (ka) anubandha kSayaM hiMsAmanavekSya ca paurussm| mohAdArabhyate karma yttttaamsmucyte|| -vahI, 18/25 (kha) rAgI karmaphalaprepsurlabdho hiNsaatmko'shuciH| harSa zokAnvita kartA rAjasaH prikiirtitH| (ga) ayukta prAkRtaH stabdhaH zaTho naisskRtiko'lsH| viSAdIdIrghasUtrI ca kartA tAmasa ucyte|| -gItA 18/27-28 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmoM ke rUpa : karma, vikarma aura akarma 525 nyAya dilAne, kisI mahilA ke zIla kI rakSA karane, Adi karttavyabuddhi se kiye jAne vAle pApakarmaphalotpAdaka karma bhI zubhakarma meM athavA akarma meM bhI pariNata ho jAte haiM / " " kintu 'niSkAmabuddhi se prerita hokara yuddha taka lar3A jA sakatA hai| 'tilaka' ke isa mata se jainadarzana sammata nahIM hai, kyoMki akarmAvasthA vItarAgAvasthA hai, vItarAgAvasthA meM sAMsArika pravRttimaya karma kiyA jAnA sambhava nhiiN| hA~, yaha (zubha) karma meM parigaNita ho sakatA hai / vikarma pratIta hone vAlA karma bhI (zubha yA zuddha) karma : kaba aura kaise ? isI prakAra jisa vyakti ke mana meM dehAsakti yA kriyAsakti nahIM hai, jo ahaMkAra, prasiddhi, prazaMsA, laukika-pAralaukika upalabdhi Adi phalAkAMkSAoM se rahita hokara niSkAma - niHsvArtha bhAva se yatanApUrvaka zArIrika kriyAe~ karatA hai, usake zarIra aura indriyoM se yadi kisI prANI kI (sAvadhAnI rakhate hue bhI) hiMsA ho jAtI hai, to vaha hiMsA pApakarmabandhakAraka nahIM hotii| usakA vikarma pratIta honevAlA karttavyabuddhi se kiyA jAne vAlA karma bhI vikarma nahIM hotA; usase hiMsAjanya pApakarma kA bandha nahIM hotA / yahA~ pravacanasAra kA nimnokta kathana hI gItA meM pratidhvanita huA hai - "bAhara meM prANI mare yA jIe, jo ayatAcArI - pramatta hai, usake dvArA hiMsA (janya karmabandha) nizcita hai, parantu jo yatnacArazIla hai, samitiyukta hai, use bAhara se hone vAlI (dravya) hiMsAmAtra se (pApa) karmabandha nahIM hotA; kyoMki vaha antar meM sarvatobhAvena hiMsAdi sAvadya vyApAra se nirlipta hone ke kAraNa niSpApa (niravadya) hai| usase hone vAlI sthUla hiMsA bhAvahiMsA nahIM hai| 2 gItA kI bhASA meM akarma bhI karma, karma bhI akarma : kaba aura kaise ? gItA kI dRSTi meM mana, vANI aura zarIra kI kriyA ke abhAva ko akarma nahIM kahA gayA, apitu jainadarzana dvArA mAnya IryApathika kriyAe~anivArya (rAgAdi rahita) zArIrika kriyAe~ jaise akarma kahalAtI haiM, vaise hI gItA meM bhI anivArya zArIrika kriyAe~, jo indriyoM aura mana para saMyama rakhakara tathA Asakti evaM phalAkAMkSA rahita hokara kI jAtI haiM, unheM akarma kahA gayA hai| 1. (ka) bhagavadgItA a. 18, zlo. 17 (kha) gItArahasya 4 / 16 TippaNI / 2. (ka) bhagavadgItA 18/23 (kha) maradu vA jiyadu vA jIvo, ayadAcArassa nicchidA hiMsA / padassa yi baMdho, hiMsAmetteNa samidassa // For Personal & Private Use Only - pravacanasAra 3/17

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526 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) tAtparya yaha hai ki anAsakti aura kartavyadRSTi se jo karma kiyA. jAtA hai, vaha rAga-dveSa ke abhAva meM akarma hai| kintu prakaTarUpa meM koI bhI karma hotA huA na dikhAI dene para bhI agara kartA ke mana meM tyAga kA abhimAna yA Agraha hai, phalecchA hai, to vaha akarma pratIta hone vAle ko bhI 'karma' banA detA hai| isI prakAra kartavya prApta hone para bhaya, svArtha yA haThAgrahavaza usa kartavya karma se vimukha ho jAnA, vihita karmoM kA tyAga kara denA Adi karmatyAga pratIta hone vAle karma akarma na kahalAkara bhaya yA rAgAdi ke kAraNa 'karma' hI kahalAte haiN|' karma meM akarma kA darzana karane vAle mahAbhAga kI pahacAna ___ akarmazIla vyakti karma karatA huA bhI usa karma se lipta-baddha nahIM hotaa| gItA meM usa mahAbhAga kI pahacAna batAte hue kahA gayA hai-"jo vyakti vizuddhAtmA hai, yogayukta trividha yogoM se hone vAlI pravRtti meM yatanAzIla) hai, AtmavijetA hai, jitendriya hai, tathA sarvabhUtAtmabhUta (Atmavat sarvabhUteSu kI dRSTi vAlA) hai, vaha karma kA kartA hote hue bhI ukta karma se lipta nahIM hotA, kyoMki aisA tattvavettA satata yukta (zuddhopayogayukta) vyakti dekhatA, sunatA, sparza karatA huA, sUMghatA huA, khAtApItA, calatA, sotA, zvAsa letA, bolatA, tathA tyAga aura grahaNa karatA huA evaM A~kheM kholatA-mUMdatA huA bhI isa prakAra mAnatA hai ki maiM (saMkalpapUrvaka) kucha bhI nahIM krtaa| indriyA~ apane-apane viSayoM meM sahajabhAva se pravRtta ho rahI haiN| yaha hai karma meM akarma kA drshn| aisA mahAbhAga puruSa karma kA kartA hone para bhI akarma ke samAna rahatA hai, isalie akarma hai| "aisA yogI puruSa (sayogI kevalI) kevala mana-vacana-kAyA evaM buddhi tathA indriyoM se ahaMtva-mamatva-rahita hokara tathA saba prakAra kI Asakti kA tyAga karake mAtra Atmazuddhi (nirjarA) ke lie karma karate haiN|"2 bauddha darzana meM karma, vikarma aura akarma kA vicAra bauddhadarzana meM bhI karma, vikarma aura akarma kA vicAra kiyA hai| vahA~ inheM kramazaH kuzala (zukla) karma, akuzala (kRSNa) karma aura avyakta (akRSNaazukla) karma kahA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM jinheM puNya (zubha) karma aura pApa 1. (ka) yastvindriyANi manasA niyamyArabhate'rjuna! karmendriyaiH karmayogamasaktaH sa vishissyte|| -gItA 3/7 (kha) niyatasya tu saMnyAsaH karmaNo noppdyte| ___ mohAttasya parityAgaH tAmasaH prikiirtitH|| (ga) duHkhamityevayatkarma kaaykleshbhyaattyjet| sa kRtvA rAjasaM tyAgaM, naiva tyAgaphalaM lbhet|| -gItA 18/7-8 2. bhagavadgItA a. 5/zlo. 7-8-9-10-11. For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmoM ke rUpa : karma, vikarma aura akarma 527 (azubha) karma kahA hai, unheM bauddhadarzana meM kuzala (zukla) aura akuzala (kRSNa) karma kahA hai| bauddhaparamparA meM prAyaH phala dene kI yogyatA-ayogyatA ko lekara 'kama' kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jinheM jaina paramparA meM kramazaH (sAmparAyika) vipAkodayI evaM (Ipithika) pradezodayI karma kahA hai, unheM hI bauddha paramparA meM kramazaH upacita, anupacita karma kahA hai| kRta aura upacita ko lekara caturvidha bhaMga 'mahAkarma-vibhaMga' meM kRta aura upacita ko lekara cAra vikalpa (bhaMga) prastuta kiye gaye haiM-(1) akRta, kintu upacita karma, (2) kRta bhI aura upacita bhI, (3) kRta haiM, kintu upacita nahIM, aura (4) kRta bhI nahIM aura upacita bhI nhiiN| kata kA artha hai-sampAdita aura upacita kA artha hai-phala pradAna karane vaalaa| prathama bhaMga meM una karmoM kA samAveza hotA hai, jo krodha, dveSa, moha Adi vAsanA ke prati tIvra rUpa se vazIbhUta hokara karma-saMkalpa kiye jAte haiM, ve kRta (kAryarUpa meM pariNata) to nahIM hue, kintu upacita (phala dene kI yogyatA se yukta) avazya hote haiN| . dUsare bhaMga meM ve karma Ate haiM, jo kRta bhI haiM, upacita bhii| arthAt-ve karma, jinheM saMkalpapUrvaka sampAdita kiyA gayA hai, aura aise karma saMcita hokara phala dene meM sakSama (upacita) bhI hote haiN| dhyAna rahe ki akRta-upacita aura kRta-upacita, ye donoM prakAra ke karma zubha aura azubha donoM koTi ke ho sakate haiM: ... tIsare bhaMga meM ve karma Ate haiM, jo kRta to haiM, lekina upacita nahIM haiN| arthAt-(1) jo karma saMkalpapUrvaka nahIM kiye jAte, (2) athavA saMcintya hote hue bhI jo sahasAkRta (Akasmika) hote haiM, (3) athavA bhrAntivaza kiye gae hoM, (4) athavA karma karane ke bAda usakA pazcAttApa, glAni, yA AlocanA (prakaTIkaraNa) yA prAyazcitta kiyA gayA ho, athavA (5) zubhakarma kA abhyAsa karane se tathA buddha Adi kI zaraNa grahaNa karane se bhI pApakarma upacita nahIM hotaa| ye aura isa prakAra ke karma kRta hote hue bhI upacita (phalapradAna ke yogya) nahIM hote| ___ cauthe bhaMga meM ve karma Ate haiM, jo kRta bhI nahIM hote aura upacita bhI nahIM hote| aise karma prAyaH svapnAvasthA meM kiye gae hote haiN| . kauna-se karma bandhanakAraka, kauna-se abandhanakAraka ? bauddhadarzana kA mantavya hai ki inameM se prathama do bhaMgoM meM pratipAdita karma prANI ko bandhana meM DAlate haiM, zeSa do bhaMgoM meM ukta karma bandhana meM nahIM For Personal & Private Use Only

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528 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) ddaalte| bauddha-AcAra-paramparA meM rAga-dveSa - moha se yukta hone para hI karma ko bandhanakAraka mAnA jAtA hai, rAga-dveSa- moha - rahita hokara kiye gae karma bandhanakarttA nahIM mAne jAte / bauddha dharma-paramparA meM rAga-dveSa-moha se mukta arhat (buddha) ke dvArA kiye gae avyakta (akRSNa- azukla) karma bandhanakAraka nahIM mAne jaate|' tInoM dhArAoM meM karma, vikarma, akarma ke artha meM prAyaH samAnatA isa prakAra jaina, bauddha aura vaidika (gItA) tInoM dhArAoM meM karma ko bandhaka aura abandhaka ina do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| abandhaka karma (kriyA- vyApAra) ko jainadarzana meM IryApathika karma yA akarma, vaidika (gItA) darzana meM akarma aura bauddhadarzana meM avyakta yA akRSNa- azukla karma kahA gayA hai| tInoM dhArAoM kI dRSTi meM akarma kA tAtparya karma kA abhAva, yA mana-vacana-kAya-kRta kriyA kA abhAva nahIM, apitu karma ke sampAdana meM vAsanA, icchA, rAgAdi prerita kartRtvabhAva kA abhAva hI akarma hai, abandhaka zuddha karma hai| tathA vAsanAdi bhAva se sampAdita karma bandhakAraka haiN| bandhakakarma ke do vibhAga kiye gae haiM - eka ko karma (zubhabandhaka) kahA gayA, dUsare ko vikarma (azuddhabandhaka) / yahI karma, vikarma, akarma kA niSkarSa hai| 1. (ka) bauddhadarzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana a. 1, (kha) mahAkarma- vibhaMga, (ga) jainakarma siddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) se bhAvAMza, pR: 50 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA zubha, azubha aura zuddha rUpa karmajalaparipUrNa saMsAra-samudra meM tIna prakAra ke nAvika aura naukA karmavijJAna itanA gUDha, durUha tathA arthoM aura rahasyoM se bharA hai ki sahasA usakA Akalana aura hRdayaMgama kara lenA AsAna nahIM hai| jisa prakAra jala se paripUrNa mahAsamudra meM jvAra-bhATe Ate rahate haiN| uttAla taraMgeM kabhI-kabhI bAMsoM taka uchalakara mAno AsamAna ko chune lagatI haiN| kabhI ve atyanta dhImI gati se uchalatI haiM aura kabhI atIva tIvra gati se| kabhI madhyama gati se uchalatI hai aura kabhI-kabhI ekadama zAnta aura susthira ho jAtI haiM, usI prakAra vividha karmarUpI jala se paripUrNa saMsAra-samudra meM bhI Asrava, bandha aura saMvara-nirjarA ke jvAra-bhATe Ate rahate haiN| karma-jala kI mahAtaraMgeM bhI pratikSaNa vividharUpa meM tIvra-manda-madhyama gati se uchalatI rahatI haiM aura kabhI ve zAnta aura susthira bhI ho jAtI haiN| saMsArastha jIva ko sadaiva isa mahAsamudra meM taba taka rahanA hai, jaba taka vaha isa saMsAra-sAgara se pAra na ho jaae| jisa prakAra samudra pAra karane ke lie naukA kA Azraya liyA jAtA hai| parantu vaha naukA (jalayAna) jarjara evaM chidravAlI ho, athavA acchI hAlata meM na ho, nAvika calAne meM kuzala na ho, uttAla taraMgeM uchala rahI hoM, usa samaya kuzalatApUrvaka naukA kI surakSA na kara pAtA ho, vaha naukA svayaM to DUbatI hI hai, nAvika ko bhI le DUbatI hai| isI prakAra nAvika yadi naukA meM ardhakuzala ho, vaha samudrI tUphAnoM aura andhar3oM se to nAva ko bacA letA hai, kintu naukA alpa chidrayukta ho to adhabIca meM hI usake DUbane kI AzaMkA banI rahatI hai| parantu jo nAvika bAhoza aura naukAcAlana meM pUrNa kuzala ho, naukA bhI usakI chidrarahita evaM sudRr3ha ho, vaha samudra meM cAhe jitane jvAra Ae~, tUphAna aura aMdhar3a Ae~, apanI naukA ko sakuzala samudra ke pAra taka le jAtA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM isI tathya ko anAvRta karate hue kahA gayA 529 For Personal & Private Use Only

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530 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa ( 3 ) . "jo naukA chidrayukta hai vaha saMsAra - samudra se pAra nahIM jA sakatI; kintu jo naukA chidrarahita hai, vahI pAra jA sakatI hai| zarIra naukA hai| jIva (AtmA) nAvika hai aura (karmajala se paripUrNa) saMsAra samudra haiM, jise maharSi pAra kara jAte haiM / " " samudra meM naukA calAne vAle nAvika tIna prakAra ke hote haiM - (1) akuzala, (2) ardhakuzala aura (3) kuzala / yadi nAvika kuzala nahIM hotA hai, to usakI naukA samudra kI uttAla taraMgoM ke thaper3oM se Ahata hokara jarjara aura sacchidra ho jAtI hai / phira vaha thor3e se jvAra yA tUphAna se 'DAMvADola ho jAtI hai| jo nAvika kucha kuzala hotA hai, usakI naukA uttAla taraMgoM ke thaper3oM ke kucha kSatigrasta evaM chidrayukta to ho jAtI hai parantu bAra-bAra chidra baMda karate rahane, Ate hue pAnI ko rokate rahane tathA aMdara jamA hue pAnI ko samaya-samaya para ulIcate rahane se usakI naukA samudra meM Age se Age bar3hatI rahatI hai| ina donoM ke viparIta jo nAvika atyadhika kuzala hote haiM, ve samudrI tUphAnoM aura jvAra ke samaya pAla bA~dha kara tathA surakSita jalamArga se naukA ko le jAkara ve apanI sudRr3ha naukA ko jarjara aura sacchidra nahIM hone dete| isI prakAra karmajala se paripUrNa saMsArarUpI mahAsamudra meM bhI tIna prakAra ke nAvika hote haiN| jo akuzala nAvika hote haiM, unakI naukA saMsAra-samudra meM pApoM kA jvAra Ane se tathA azubha karmoM kI uttAla taraMgoM kI mAra se jarjara aura sacchidra ho jAtI hai aura zIghra hI pApakarma paripUrNa saMsAra-samudra meM DUba jAtI hai| dUsare prakAra ke nAvika ardhakuzala hote haiN| unakI jIvana naukA sacchidra hote hue bhI DUbatI-utarAtI rahatI hai| dAna, vrata, niyama Adi puNya se apanI naiyA kI ve marammata karate rahate haiN| tIsare prakAra ke atikuzala nAvika ve haiM, jo zubha - azubha karma jala ke jvAra ke samaya DUbate-utarAte nahIM / kaSToM, parISahoM, vipattiyoM ke aMdhar3oM aura tUphAnoM ke samaya samabhAvarUpI cappU se apanI jIvana naiyA ko khete hue zuddha aura prazAnta karmajala meM Age se Age saMvara- nirjarA ke jala mArga se bar3hate rahate haiN| aise mahAbhAga maharSi atikuzala nAvika hote haiM, jo eka dina saMsAra-samudra ko pAra karake sarvakarma-jala se sarvathA mukta ho jAte haiN| 1. jA u assAviNI nAvA, na sA pArassa gAmiNI / jA nirassAviNI nAvA, sA u pArassa gAmiNI // sarIramAhu nAva tti jIvo vuccai nAvio / saMsAro aNNavo vutto, jaM taraMti mahesiNo // - uttarAdhyayana 23/71,73 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA zubha, azubha aura zuddha rUpa 531 karma ke tIna rUpaH zubha, azubha aura zuddha saMsArarUpI samudra meM bhI trividha nAvikoM ke anurUpa tIna prakAra ke karma haiM- (1) azubha, (2) zubha aura (3) shuddh| jaba taka jIva saMsAra-samudra meM hai, taba taka use yaha jAnanA aura samajhanA Avazyaka hai ki ye tIna prakAra ke karma kaise-kaise hote haiM ? inakA lakSaNa aura svarUpa kyA-kyA hai ? yadyapi pUrvaprakaraNa (karma, vikarma aura akama) meM hamane ina tInoM para prakAza DAlA hai, phira bhI ina tInoM meM se prathama do ko pahacAnanA aura unase sAvadhAna rahanA bahuta Avazyaka hai| kyoMki tIsarA, jo karma kA zuddharUpa hai, vaha to sarvathA abandhakAraka hai, parantu ye donoM baMdhakAraka haiN| isalie yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki ye kaise-kaise ba~dha jAte haiM, jIva kI kisa prakAra kI gati, mati, pariNati evaM asAvadhAnI se ye usakI jIvana-naukA meM praviSTa ho jAte haiM, aura aise cipaka jAte haiM ki. sahasA chUTa nahIM paate| isa dRSTi se hama pahale karma ke zubha aura azubha rUpa kA varNana karate haiN| pUrvaprakaraNa meM zubhakarma ko 'karma' azubhakarma ko 'vikama' aura zuddhakarma ko 'akarma' ke rUpa meM batAyA gayA thaa| ina tInoM ko dUsare zabdoM meM kahanA cAheM to kramazaH puNya, pApa aura dharma zabda se abhihita kara sakate haiN| zAstra meM prathama do ko zubhAnava aura azubhAmravarUpa tathA antima ko saMvaranirjarArUpa batAyA gayA haiN| antima akarma yA zuddhakarma ko IryApathika karma bhI kahA gayA hai| pAzcAtya naitika darzana kI dRSTi se tInoM kI jaina-bauddha-vaidika darzana ke sAtha saMgati - DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne karma ke ina tIna rUpoM kA pAzcAtya naitika darzana kI dRSTi se isa prakAra sAmaMjasya biThAyA hai-"jainadarzana kA IryApathika karma atinaitika karma hai, puNya (zubha) karma naitika karma hai aura pApa (azubha) karma anaitika karma hai|" isI prakAra gItA aura bauddhadarzana ke sAtha bhI inakI saMgati isa prakAra biThAI hai-"gItA kA akarma atinaitika, zubhakarma yA karma naitika aura vikarma anaitika hai| bauddhadarzana meM anaitika, naitika aura atinaitika karma ko kramazaH akuzala, kuzala aura avyaktakarma athavA (dUsare zabdoM meM) kRSNa, zukla aura akRSNa-azukla karma kahA gayA zubha aura azubha karma : banAma puNya-pApa vaise to hama puNya (zubha kama) aura pApa (azubha kama) ke sambandha vistRta carcA Age ke prakaraNoM meM kreNge| yahA~ to karma ke ina donoM zubhAzubha 1. jaina karmasiddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) se sAbhAra uddhRta pR. 35 For Personal & Private Use Only

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532 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) rUpoM ke sambandha meM saMkSipta jhAMkI hI de rahe haiN| vastutaH dekhA jAe to zubhakarma aura azubhakarma kAraNa haiM, aura puNya-pApa inake phala haiN| kArya (phala) meM kAraNa kA upacAra karake puNya-pApa ko hI karma kahA jAne lgaa| '. zubhakarma : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa jainakarmavijJAna ke anusAra zubha (puNya) karma, zubha- pudgala paramANu haiM, jo jIva ke zubha pariNAmoM evaM tadanusAra zubhabhAvapUrvaka dAna, paropakAra, sevA, dayA Adi kI kriyAoM ke kAraNa AkarSita hokara zubha Asrava ke rUpa meM Ate haiM aura phira zubha rAgAdivaza baMdha jAte haiN| tatpazcAt apane vipAka (phala- bhoga) ke samaya zubha vicAroM, zubha pariNAmoM aura zubha kAryoM kI ora prerita karate haiN| isake atirikta ve AdhyAtmika, mAnasika, sAmAjika evaM bhautika vikAsa ke anurUpa saMyoga bhI upasthita karate haiN| zubhakarma ke prabhAva se kabhI-kabhI Arogya, sukha-suvidhA, sukha - sAmagrI, bhautika sampadA tathA anurUpa parivAra, mitrajana, samAja bhI upalabdha hote haiM, tathA samyagjJAnAdi dharmAcaraNa kI bhAvanA bhI ve jAgRta kara dete haiM / ' vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra meM zubhakarma (puNya) ke upArjana meM dAna, anukampA, sevA, paropakAra Adi zubha-pravRttiyoM ko kAraNa batAye haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra meM puNyopArjana ke annapuNya Adi nau prakAra bhI batAye haiM / " azubha karma : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa azubha karma (pApa) kA svarUpa jainaMdRSTi se isa prakAra hai - jinase AtmA kA patana ho, jo AtmA ko bandhana meM DAleM, AtmA ke Ananda kA zoSaNa kareM tathA AtmazaktiyoM kA ghAta kareM, ve pApakarma azubhakarma haiN| vAstava meM jisa vicAra aura AcaraNa se sva-para kA patana, ahita ho evaM aniSTa phala prApta ho, vaha azubha karma hai, pApa hai / 'pApAya parapIDana' isa ukti ke anusAra azubha (pApa) karma apane aura dUsaroM ke lie pIr3A, vipatti, duHkha aura vinAza kA kAraNa hai| azubha karma ke antargata hiMsA, asatya, corI, vyabhicAra, parigrahavRtti, saMgrahavRtti, beImAnI, anIti, atyAcAra Adi haiN| jo bhI anaitika karma haiM, ve saba prAyaH atisvArtha, atilobha, ghRNA, 1. puNya pApa ke sambandha meM vistRta jAnakArI ke lie Asrava khaNDa meM dekhiye / 2. zubhaH puNyasya / - tattvArtha sUtra a. 6 pR. 3 3. jainakarma - siddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) se bhAvAMza pR 38 4. bhagavatI sUtra za, 7 u. 10 5. "annapuNNe, pAnapuNNe, layaNapuNNe, sayaNapuNNe, vatyapuNNe, maNapuNNe, vacanapuNe kAya puNe, namokkArapuNNe / " - sthAnAMgasUtra, sthAna 9 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA zubha, azubha aura zuddha rUpa 533 dveSa, IrSyA evaM ajJAnatA Adi ke kAraNa kiye jAte haiN| isalie aisI durbhAvanA, durvicAra evaM duSkarma azubha karma haiN|' zubhatva aura azubhatva ke nirNaya ke AdhAra dekhanA yaha hai ki karma ke zubhatva aura azubhatva ke nirNaya kA AdhAra kyA hai ? isa viSaya meM gaharAI se socane para ina donoM ke nirNaya ke tIna AdhAra pratiphalita hote haiM - (1) kartA kA Azaya, (2) karma kA acchA-burA bAhya rUpa tathA (3) usase sAmAjika jIvana para par3ane vAlA acchA-burA prbhaav| bhagavadgItA evaM bauddhadarzana meM karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA kA AdhAra kartA ke Azaya ko mAnA gayA hai| zubhAzubhatva kA mukhya AdhAra : gItA meM gItA meM batAyA gayA hai ki tyAga, bhakti, yajJa, dAna, tapa Adi sAttvika karma bhI sAttvika DhaMga se kiye jAe~ to sAttvika haiM, anyathA kartA ke rAjasa aura tAmasaM Azaya se kiye jAne para ye sabhI karma rAjasa aura tAmasa khlaaeNge| gItA kA Azaya yahI pratIta hotA hai ki zuddha karma to sAttvika bhAva se kiye jAne vAle yajJa, dAna, tyAga, tapa Adi haiM, parantu rAjasa aura tAmasa bhAva se kiye jAne para ye kramazaH zubha - azubha (puNya-pApa) hone se zubhakarmabandhaka aura azubhakarmabandhaka ho sakate haiN| gItA meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki "yadyapi yajJa, tapa aura dAna meM jo sthiti hai vaha sat kahI jAtI hai, parantu paramAtmA ke artha (phalAkAMkSA tathA ahaMkartRtva Adi kA tyAga karake) ye karma kiye jAe~ tabhI 'sat' ho sakate hai / " kintu " azraddhA se kiye hue yajJa, tapa, dAna Adi jo kucha bhI karma kiye jAte haiM, ve saba asat kahalAte haiM, ve na to isa loka ke lie lAbhadAyaka haiM aura na paraloka ke lie| " vahA~ batAyA gayA hai, ki "jo karma phala kI icchA se, ahaMkAra yukta hokara bahuta hI parizrama se kiyA jAtA hai, vaha rAjasa hai" aura "jo karma pariNAma, hAni, hiMsA aura sAmarthya kA vicAra kiye binA kevala moha yA haThAgrahavaza kiyA jAtA hai vaha tAmasa hai|" "jo kartA Asakti (rAgAdi) se yukta haiM, karmaphala kA icchuka hai, lobhavRtti se prerita hai, dUsaroM ko kaSTa dene vAlA tathA azuddhacArI evaM harSa-zoka se lipta hai, vaha rAjasa hai|" isI 1. jaina karma siddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) se bhAvAMza . 2. dekhiye - bhagavadgItA a. 18 zlo. 17 tathA dhammapada gA. 249 meM isakA pramANa / 3. dekhiye - gItA ke 17veM adhyAya meM varNita yajJa, dAna, tapa, zraddhA Adi ke trividha rUpoM kA varNana / ' For Personal & Private Use Only

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534 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . prakAra "jo kartA vikSiptacitta, mUDha, ahaMkArI, dhUrta, AlasI tathA dUsare kI AjIvikA kA nAza karane vAlA hai, dIrghasUtrI hai evaM kAma ulaTA hone para viSAdamagna ho jAtA hai, vaha tAmasa hai|" isa prakAra dAna, tapa, buddhi, tyAga Adi ke viSayoM meM rAjasa-tAmasa bhAva kA bhI ullekha gItA meM hai| isase spaSTa hai ki gItA kartA ke abhiprAya ko hI mukhyatA detI hai, parantu kahIMkahIM tatkAlIna samAja meM pracalita yajJa, dAna aura tapaHkarma para tathA cAroM varNoM evaM cAroM AzramoM ke niyata karmoM para vizeSa jora dekara karane kI prarUpaNA bhI kI hai| jainadarzana meM karma ke zubhAzubhatva kA mukhya AdhAra H kartA kA abhiprAya jainadarzana karma ke zubhatva aura azubhatva kA mukhya AdhAra zubha-azubha manobhAva ko mAnatA hai| eka hatyArA bhI mAnava kA peTa zastra dvArA cIra DAlatA hai, aura eka cikitsaka bhI rogI ke peTa kA oNparezana karate samaya use zastra dvArA cIratA hai, kintu donoM kI zastra kriyA eka-sI hone para bhI donoM ke manobhAvoM meM antara hone se usI AdhAra para karma ke zubhatvaazubhatva kA nirNaya hotA hai| parantu vahI DaoNkTara agara rogI ke peTa para zalya kriyA (oNparezana) karate samaya usako mArane aura usakA paryApta dhana har3apa jAne kI nIyata rakhatA hai, phira bhale hI rogI mare nahIM, parantu usa DaoNkTara ke azubha karma (pApa) kA bandha ho jAtA hai, jJAniyoM kI dRSTi meM vaha DAkTara zubha karma karane vAlA nahIM kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra eka dUsarA DaoNkTara eka rogI ke peTa kA oNparezana karatA hai, usakA hRdaya karuNA se paripUrNa hai, vaha cAhatA hai, rogI isa zastrakriyA dvArA rogamukta ho jAye; kintu usakA AyuSya bala kSINa ho jAne se DaoNkTara ke dvArA oNparezana ke daurAna hI usakI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| aisI sthiti meM bhI DaoNkTara ke azubha karma kA bandha nahIM hotA, usake zubhakarma kA hI bandha hotA hai| bhale hI sthUla dRSTi vAle loga DaoNkTara ko bhalA-burA kaheM, use koseN| 1. gItA a. 17/27-28 tathA 18/24-25,27,28 2. (ka) adhiSThAna tathA kartA karaNaM ca pRthvidhm| vividhAzca pRthakceSTA daivaM caivAtra pNcmm|| (kha) jJAnaM jJeyaM parijJAtA trividhaakrmcodnaa| ___ karaNaM karma karteti trividhaH karma sNgrhH|| -gItA 18/14-18 (ga) yajJa dAna tapaH karma na tyAjya kAryameva tt| yajJo dAnaM tapazcaiva pAvanAni mniissinnaam|| -gItA 18/5 3. dekhiye-'ahiMsAdarzana' (upAdhyAya amrmuni)| meM isakA spaSTIkaraNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA zubha, azubha aura zuddha rUpa 535 AcArya haribhadrasUri ne dravyahiMsA aura bhAvahiMsA kI caubhaMgI kA pratipAdana karate hue bhI isa tathya ko spaSTa kiyA hai-(1) eka ghaTanA meM dravyahiMsA hotI hai, bhAvahiMsA nahIM, (2) dUsarI ghaTanA meM bhAvahiMsA hotI hai, dravyahiMsA nahIM, (3) tIsarI ghaTanA meM dravyahiMsA aura bhAvahiMsA donoM hotI haiM aura (4) cauthI ghaTanA meM na dravyahiMsA hotI hai, na bhaavhiNsaa|| isa caubhaMgI meM cauthA bhaMga to zUnya hai| prathama bhaMga zubhakarma kA dyotaka hai, dvitIya aura tRtIya bhaMga azubha karma kaa| mukhyatayA bhAvahiMsA kaSAyoM ke kAraNa hotI hai, vahI karmabandha kA mukhya kAraNa hai, dravyahiMsA pramAdayukta zarIra se hotI hai| vastutaH hiMsA kI sadoSatA hiMsAkartA kI bhAvanA para avalambita hai| zAstrIya paribhASA meM aisI apramatta bhAva se huI hiMsA ko dravyahiMsA yA vyAvahArika hiMsA kahI gaI hai| jahA~ bhAvanA zubha ho, vahA~ hiMsA pAparUpa nahIM hotI, jahA~ bhAvanA azubha ho, pramatta bhAva ho, vahA~ hiMsA doSarUpa-pAparUpa hotI hai, usa hiMsA ko bhAvahiMsA kahate hai, vaha nizcayahiMsA hai| oghaniyukti meM isI tathya ko ujAgara karate hue kahA gayA hai"IryAsamiti se yukta caryA karane vAle sAdhaka ke paira ke nIce yadi kITa. pataMga Adi kSudra prANI A jAe~ aura dabakara mara bhI jAe~, parantu ukta hiMsA ke nimitta se usa sAdhu ko siddhAnta meM sUkSma karmabandha bhI nahIM batAyA hai| kyoMki antara meM sarvatobhAvena usa hiMsA vyApAra (prayoga) se nirlipta hone ke kAraNa vaha anavadya-niSpApa hai|"2 bauddhadarzana meM zubhAzubhatva kA AdhAra : ekamAtra kartA kA Azaya ... . bauddhadharma-darzana aura dhammapada meM bhI ina donoM prakAra ke karmoM ke zubhAzubhatva kA AdhAra kartA ke Azaya ko mAnate hue kahA hai ki "kAyika yA vAcika karma kuzala (zubha) hai yA akuzala (azubha)? isakA nirNaya karane kI kasauTI mAnasa karma (Azaya) hai|" ..' eka DaoNkTara tIkhI dhAra vAle zastra se rogI kA peTa cIra DAlatA hai, jabaki eka hatyArA bhI apane zatru ke peTa meM churA bhoMka kara peTa cIra 1. (ka) dazavaikAlika sUtra, haribhadrIyavRtti - (kha) vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa ke lie dekheM-tattvArthasUtra vivecana (nayA saMskaraNa) (pa. sukhalAla jI) pR. 172 se 175 2. uccAliyaMmi pAe, IriyAsamiyassa sNkmtttthaae| vAvajjejakuliMgI, marijja vA taM jogmaasjj| na ya tassa tannimitto, baMdho suhumo vi desio sme| aNavajjo u paogeNa savvabhAvena so jmhaa|| -oghaniryukta gA.748-749 For Personal & Private Use Only

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536 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . DAlatA hai| bAhyadRSTi se donoM kAyika karma eka samAna hote hue bhI donoM karmoM ke kAraNa-(uddezya) rUpa Azaya (mAnasakama) pRthak-pRthak haiN| DaoNkTara kA mAnasakarma rogI ko rogamukta karane kI bhAvanArUpa hone se usakA kAyikakarma kuzala hai jabaki hatyAre kA mAnasakarma vairabhAvarUpa hai, isalie usakA kAyika karma akuzala hai|" - isalie bauddhadarzana meM kartA ke abhiprAya ko hI karma ke kuzalatva (zubhatva) evaM akuzalatva (azubhatva) kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| isakA jvalanta pramANa hai-'sUtrakRtAMga' meM ullikhita bauddha-Ardraka-saMvAda / bauddhoM ne jaba apanA mata pratipAdita kiyA ki-"koI vyakti khalI ke piNDa ko puruSa mAnakara use zUla meM bedha kara pakAe aura khAe, athavA tumbe ko bAlaka samajhakara pakAe aura khAe to vaha hiMsA ke pApa kA bhAgI hotA hai; kintu yadi koI vyakti manuSya ko khalI samajhakara athavA bAlaka ko tumbA samajhakara pakAe aura khAe to vaha prANighAta ke pApa kA bhAgI nahIM hotA, vaha pavitra hai, vaha (AmiSa) AhAra, buddha ke pAraNA yogya hai| isa prakAra kA (AmiSa) bhojana pakAkara jo pratidina do hajAra bhikSuoM ko bhojana karAtA hai, vaha mahAn puNya arjana karake mahAparAkramI Arogya nAmaka deva hotA hai|" ____ ArdrakakumAra ne isakA prativAda karate hue nirgrantha mata kA pratipAdana kiyA ki "prANiyoM kA ghAta karake bhI pApa kA abhAva kahanA aura sunanA, ajJAnavardhaka aura burA hai|.......jo vyakti khalI ke piNDa meM puruSa buddhi athavA puruSa meM yA bAlaka meM khalI ke piNDa yA tumbe kI buddhi karatA hai, vaha anArya aura mUrkha hai| aisA vacana kahanA bhI pApakArI hai, mithyA hai| do hajAra snAtaka bhikSuoM ko pratidina aisA (AmiSa) AhAra karAtA hai, vaha asaMyamI aura rudhira se lAla hAtha vAlA puruSa isa loka meM nindanIya banatA hai| aura jo moTe bher3e ko mArakara use pakAkara bauddha bhikSuoM ko bhojana karAte haiM, ve to anArya haiM hii| jo bauddha bhikSu svAdalolupa hokara isa prakAra kA pracura mAMsa khAte hue bhI kahate haiM ki hama pApa se lipta nahIM hote, ve bhI mithyAvAdI haiM, anArya haiM, anAryakarmA haiN| isa prakAra ke saMvAda se spaSTa hai ki bauddhadarzana ne zubhAzubhakarma ke AdhAra ke sambandha meM ekAnta manobhAva (kartA kA Azaya) hI mAnA hai, 1. (ka) bauddhadharma-darzana (AcArya narendradeva) se pR. 224/225, 256/257 (kha) dhammapada 1/1 2. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra zru. 2, a. 6, gA. 27 se 45 taka For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA zubha, azubha aura zuddha rUpa 537 jabaki jainadarzana ne Azaya (abhiprAya) ke sAtha-sAtha karma ke bAhyasvarUpa ko bhI mAnA hai| bauddhadarzana ke anusAra karma ke zubhAzubhatva kA AdhAra kevala abhiprAya ko mAnane para bhI usameM prakArAntara se mAyAcAra garbhita hai; kyoMki jisakI mAMsa khAne kI Adata hai, vaha puruSa ko khalI kA piNDa yA bAlaka ko tumbA mAnakara khAne kA athavA 'hamAre liye yaha mAMsa nahIM pakAyA gayA hai," isa prakAra kA bahAnA banAkara paMcendriya prANI ke ghAta ko azubhakarma (pApa) ke badale zubha karma (puNya) kaha deM to koI Azcarya nahIM hai aura vaisA hI vidhAna do hajAra snAtaka bhikSuoM ko pratidina aisA mAMsAhAra karAne vAle ko puNya arjita karane vAlA kahakara gumarAha bhI kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM kisI bhI prakAra se mAMsa bhakSaNa karane vAlA paMcendriya vadha ke pApa (azubhakama) kA bandha karatA hai aura narakagAmI banatA hai| zubha Azaya : kintu prANihiMsA ke kAraNa karma azubha isI prakAra kA sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM tathAkathita hastitApasoM kA mata diyA gayA hai, vaha bhI sthUla dRSTi se zubha AzayapUrNa pratIta hone para bhI paMcendriyavadha kA ghora pApa (azubha) karma kA baMdhaka hai| hastitApasoM kA mata thA ki "hama loga zeSa jIvoM kI dayA ke lie varSa bhara meM bANa se eka mahAkAya hAthI ko mArakara usake mAMsa se sAla bhara nirvAha kara lete haiN|" parantu ArdrakakumAra ne isakA bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vyApaka ahiMsaka dRSTi se prativAda karate hue kahA-"aisA gRhastha bhI doSarahati (niSpApa) nahIM mAnA jAtA to sAdhuvratI hokara jo varSabhara meM eka prANI ko mAratA hai, vaha to sarvathA pApI (azubhakarma karane vAlA) evaM anArya kahA jAtA hai|" dharmagranyavihita karma : kintu amaMgalakArI hone se azubha Azaya yaha hai ki ekAnta zubha abhiprAya bhI karma ke zubhatva kA paricAyaka nahIM hotA, usake sAtha usa karma kA maMgala-amaMgalarUpa bhI dekhA jAnA Avazyaka hai| usase ahiMsAdi kisI vrata yA samyaktva ko A~ca to nahIM AtI, yaha bhI dekhanA caahie| pratyeka laukika rIti-rivAja yA prathA 1. barmA Adi bauddha dezoM meM mAMsa kI dUkAnoM para prAyaH isa prakAra kA sAinaborDa lagA rahatA hai-'tumhAre liye yaha bakarA nahIM kATA gayA hai,' yA "yaha mAsa tumhAre lie nahIM pakAyA gayA hai|" 2. "cauhi ThANehiM jIvA neraiyattAe kamma pagareMti, taM..... mahAraMbhayAe, mahApariggahayAe, paMciMdiyavaheNa, kunnimaahaarennN|" -sthAnAMgasUtra 4/4 3. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra zru. 2, a. 6, gA. 52,53,54 For Personal & Private Use Only

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538 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) ke sAtha isa tathya kI kasauTI para kasakara bhI jainAcAra vidhAyakoM ne zubhAzubhatva kA nirNaya diyA hai| karma ke zubhatva ke lie manovRtti aura kriyA donoM kA zubha honA anivArya jaina- AcAra-darzana meM pratyeka pravRtti ke sAtha manovRtti aura kriyA donoM ke zubhatva para bahuta jora diyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcAra saMbaMdhI. jainadRSTi ekAMgI aura nirapekSa nahIM hai| vaha sarvAMgI evaM sApekSavAdI hai| eka ora vaha vRtti - sApekSa hokara manovRtti ko karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA kI nirNAyikA mAnatI hai, to dUsarI ora samAja sApekSa hokara karmoM ke bAhyarUpa para se bhI unakI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karatI hai| jainadarzana meM dravya aura bhAva yAnI bAhya aura Abhyantara donoM kA mUlyAMkana kiyA gayA hai| jaina karmavijJAna meM yoga (kriyA) aura bhAva (manovRtti) donoM hI karmabandha ke kAraNa mAne gae haiN| yadyapi bhAva (abhiprAya) ko yahA~ pradhAna kAraNa mAnA gayA hai, phira bhI vRtti aura kriyA meM vibheda ho, aisA jainadarzana ko svIkArya nahIM hai| manovRtti zubha ho aura kriyA azubha ho, isakA matalaba haimanovRtti hI azubha hai; kyoMki mana meM zubhabhAva hone para hiMsAdi pApAcaraNa sambhava hI nahIM hai / " karma ke zubhatva ke sambandha meM ekAMgI mAnyatA kA khaNDana isIlie sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM jainadRSTi kA prarUpaNa karate hue ArdrakakumAra kahatA hai- "kyA dIkSA dhAraNa kiyA huA puruSa aisI asaMgata bAteM kara sakatA hai ? mana meM hiMsA ko nindanIya evaM doSayukta samajhate hue bhI Azaya badala kara kahanA aura bAhara se azubhAcaraNa karanA kyA AtmapravaMcanA evaM lokachalanA nahIM hai ?" bauddhoM kI ekAMgI dhAraNA kA nirAkaraNa. karate hue ArdrakakumAra spaSTa kahatA hai - " jo mAMsa khAtA ho, cAhe na jAnate hue hI khAtA ho, to bhI vaha nirdoSa nahIM hai, pApa (azubha) karma kA bhAgI hai| 'hama jAnakara nahIM khAte, isalie hameM doSa (pApa) nahIM lagatA,' aisA kahanA mithyA nahIM hai to kyA hai ?' 2 ekAntarUpa se manobhAvoM para hI jora dene vAlI ekAMgI mAnyatA kA nirAkaraNa karate hue sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai- "azubha (pApa) karma ke tIna sthAna haiM- svayaM karane se, dUsare se karAne se aura dUsaroM ke kArya kA 1. jaina karmasiddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 40 2. (ka) sUtrakRtAMgasUtra zru. 2, a. 6, gA. 38-39 (kha) jainakarmasiddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana se bhAvAMza, pR. 40 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA zubha, azubha aura zuddha rUpa 539 anumodana karane se| parantu yadi hRdaya pApamukta ho to ina tInoM ke karane para bhI nirvANa avazya milatA hai|" isa vAda (mAnyatA) ko mAnane vAle, kintu karmabandhana kA samyagjJAna nahIM batAne vAle katipaya vyakti isa janmamaraNAdirUpa saMsAra meM phaMsate aura bhaTakate rahate haiN| kyoMki yaha vAda ajJAnamUlaka hai| jo vyakti mana se pApa ko pApa samajhatA huA bhI doSa karatA hai, use nirdoSa kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? vaha to saMyama (vAsanAnigraha) meM sarAsara zithila hai| parantu bhogAsakta loga unakI ukta cikanIcupar3I bAteM mAnakara pApa meM par3e rahate haiN|" tAMtriko tathA sukhavAdiyoM kI vRtti aura pravRtti donoM hI azubha tAMtrikoM ne kAma, krodha Adi Antarika pazuoM kI bali dene kA vidhAna kiyA, parantu unake Azaya ko na samajha kara nirdoSa pazuoM kI bali dI jAne lgii| bAda ke vAmamArgI tAMtrikoM ne to khullamakhullA madya, mIna, maithuna, mAMsa aura mudrA, ina paMca makAroM ko sukhaprAptikAraka karma batAkara bilkula gumarAha kara diyaa| nandIsUtra' kI malayagirivRtti meM 'ghaTacaTakamokSavAda kI carcA kI hai| vahA~ batAyA gayA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM eka aisA mata thA jo duHkhI manuSyoM ko sukha pahu~cAne aura paraloka meM mokSa yA svarga mila jAne kI bAta batAkara sukha-prApti ke icchuka ko dama ghoTakara mAra DAlate the| jisa prakAra eka ghar3e meM cir3iyA ko baMda karake usa ghar3e kA mukha cAroM ora se bilkula baMda kara diyA jAtA hai to zIghra hI vaha ciDiyA ghar3e meM hI dama ghuTakara mara jAtI hai| isI prakAra jo duHkhI AdamI zIghra sukha pAnA cAhatA thA, usakI sArI saMpatti lekara use dama ghoTakara zIghra paraloka pahu~cA diyA jAtA thaa| kyA yaha sukha pahu~cAne kI manovRtti zubha kahI jA sakatI hai, jabaki mArane kI kriyA azubha hai|2 . bAhyarUpa se vRtti zubha, kRti azubha ___ kyoMki sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM, koI bhI maranA nahIM caahtaa| parantu svarga kA.sabjabAga dikhAkara jaise popa loga dhanikoM se dhana aiMThakara svarga kI huMDI likha dete the, vaise hI ghaTacaTakamokSavAdI bhI sukha-prApti evaM svarga meM nivAsa yA mokSa-prApti kA jhAMsA dekara dukhI vyakti se dhana le lete aura use mAra DAlate the| 1. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra zru. 1, a. 1, gA. 24 se 29 2. (ka) taMtrazAstra : eka adhyayana .. (kha) dekheM-nandIsUtra malayavRtti meM ghaTacaTakamokSa prkrnn| 3. (ka) savve jIvA vi icchati, jIviu na mrijji| -dazavaikAlika 6 (kha) savvesiM jIviyaM piyN| -AcArAMga 1/4/2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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540 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . isIlie 'bhagavadgItA' ke isa kathana ke sAtha bhI jainadarzana sahamata nahIM hai, jisameM kahA gayA hai-'jisake mana meM ahaMkartRtva ke bhAva nahIM hai, jisakI buddhi sAMsArika padArthoM meM lipta nahIM hotii| vaha ina saba logoM ko mArakara bhI vastutaH na kisI ko mAratA hai aura na hI koI mArA jAtA hai| arthAt-vaha ukta hiMsAkarma se bandhana meM nahIM pdd'taa| isI prakAra 'dhammapada' meM pratipAdita yaha buddha-vacana bhI jainakarmavijJAna se sammata nahIM hai"naiSkarmya sthiti ko prApta brAhmaNa mAtA-pitA ko, do kSatriya rAjAoM ko tathA prajA sahita rASTra ko mAra kara bhI niSpApa hokara jItA hai|"2 . yaha zuddha koTi kA karma kadApi nahIM jo itanI ucca koTi para pahu~cA huA hai yA usa patha kA pathika hai, use itanA to avazya jAnanA cAhie ki prANivadha, phira vaha cAhe kisI rUpa meM ho, jisameM paMcendriya prANI-manuSya kA vadha to sarvathA nindanIya, pApamaya evaM ghRNita azubha AcaraNa hai| vaha kaise zubha-azubha se para zuddha koTi kA karma ho sakatA hai ? / kRti azubha hai to mAgalika bhI amAMgalika-azubha isI prakAra jainagRhasthoM ke samakSa jaba laukika rIti-rivAjoM, prathAoM yA vidhi-vidhAnoM ke pAlana kA prazna AyA to unake samakSa jainAcAryoM ne spaSTa nirdeza diyA "sarva eva hi jainAnA, pramANa laukikI vidhiH| yatra samyaktva hAni na, na syAd vrtduussnnm|| "jainoM ke lie sabhI laukika vidhiyA~ (rIti-rivAja) pramANa haiMmAnya haiM, bazarte ki unake pAlana karane meM samyaktva (samyagdarzana) kI kSati na ho, aura na hI ahiMsA Adi vratoM meM koI doSa lge|"3 ___'gobhila gRhyasUtra' meM vidhAna hai ki prAcIna kAla meM vivAha-maNDapa meM vara aura vadhU ko jaba vivAha-prasaMga para biThAyA jAtA thA, to mAMgalika dRSTi se unheM baila ko mAra usakA raktalipta tAjA lAla camar3A or3hAne kA rivAja thaa| kintu jainoM ke samakSa jaba yaha bAta AI to unhoMne isa hiMsAjanita pApakarmayukta rivAja ko badalakara vara-vadhU ko lAla sAlU kA kapar3A pahanAne kA rivAja claayaa| usa yuga meM naramuNDa ko mAMgalika 1. yasya nA'haMkRto bhAvo, buddhiryasya na lipyte| hattvA'pi sa imA~llokAn, nAyaM hanti, na nibdhyte| -gItA 18/17 2. dhammapada gA. 249 3. nItivAkyAmRta (A. somadeva) For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA zubha, azubha aura zuddha rUpa 541 samajhakara vivAhAdi maMgala-prasaMgoM para manuSya kI khopar3I lekara zobhAyAtrA meM calA jAtA thaa| parantu jainoM ko yaha rivAja bilkula amAMgalika aura bhaddA lagA, ataH usake badale nAriyala (zrIphala) ko lekara calane kA rivAja pracalita kiyaa| samAja-sApekSa ina donoM amaMgala kRtyoM ko maMgala (zubha) karma ke nAma para calAyA jA rahA thA, jisako jainoM ne ina donoM kuprathAoM ke badale suprathA calAkara vAstavika maMgalakarma siddha kiyaa| isalie jainadarzana ne kisI karma se samAja para par3ane vAle acche-bure prabhAva ko lekara bhI zubhAzubhatva kA nirNaya kiyA hai| pAzcAtya sukhavAdI vicAraka karma kI phalazruti ke AdhAra para prAya zubhAzubhatva kA nirNaya karate haiN| paropakAra karma zubha H parapIr3ana karma azubha kahIM-kahIM zubhAzubhatA kA AdhAra pariNAma (kriyA ke phala) ko mAnA gayA hai| 'paropakAraH puNyAya, pApAya parapIr3ana' (paropakAra puNya ke lie aura parapIr3ana pApa ke lie hai) isa bhAratIya cintana meM karma ke zubhAzubhatva kA nirNaya paropakAra aura parapIr3ana ke AdhAra para hotA hai| jaina vicArakoM ne puNyabandha (zubhakarmabandha) ko bhI annapuNNe Adi navavidha kAraNAzrita batAyA hai, aura pApakarma ko bhI prANAtipAta Adi aSTAdazapApasthAna para AdhArita batAyA hai| vastutaH puNya-pApa (zubhAzubha kama) ke sambandha meM jina tathyoM kA AgamoM meM pramukharUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA hai, unakA pramukha sambandha samAja-kalyANa tathA lokamaMgala tathA samAja kA akalyANa evaM loka-amaMgala se hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki zubha-azubha (yA puNyapApa) ke vargIkaraNa kA mukhya AdhAra samAja-sApekSa hai| kintu karmabandha kI dRSTi se vicAra karate samaya kartA kI bhAvanA ko pramukhatA dI gaI hai| AtmAnukUla zubha, Atma-pratikUla azubha . ... . karma ke zubhatva aura azubhatva ke pIche eka aura dRSTikoNa hai-dUsare ko apane tulya mAnakara vyavahAra karane kaa| isalie prANiyoM ke prati yA mAnava samAja ke prati kiye gae zubhAzubha vyavahAra, dRSTikoNa yA Azaya ke anusAra zubhAzubhatva kA nirNaya hotA hai| kauna-sA vyavahAra zubha, kauna-sA azubha : isakI kasauTI AtmatulyatA .. parantu dUsare prANI yA mAnava ke prati kisakA kauna-sA vyavahAra yA 1. dekheM-gobhila gRhysuutr| 2. jaina-karmasiddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) se bhAvAMza, pR. 41 3. vahI, bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 42 / / For Personal & Private Use Only

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542. karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . dRSTikoNa zubha hogA, aura kauna-sA vyavahAra yA dRSTikoNa azubha ? isakI kasauTI bhAratIya tattvacintakoM ne yahI batAI hai ki "jo tU apane lie cAhatA hai, vaisA hI vyavahAra dUsare ke prati kara; jo tU apane lie nahIM cAhatA, vaisA vyavahAra dUsare ke prati bhI mata kr|" isakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki jaisA AcaraNa yA vyavahAra vyakti apane lie pratikUla samajhatA hai, vaisA AcaraNa aura vyavahAra dUsare ke prati nahIM karanA tathA jaisA vyavahAra aura AcaraNa vyakti apane lie.anukUla samajhatA hai, vaisA hI AcaraNa aura vyavahAra dUsare ke prati karanA, yaha zubha karma kA AcaraNa hai| isake viparIta jaisA AcaraNa yA vyavahAra apane lie pratikUla hai, vaisA AcaraNa yA vyavahAra dUsare ke prati karanA tathA jaisA vyavahAra yA AcaraNa apane lie anukUla hai, vaisA vyavahAra yA AcaraNa dUsare ke prati na karanA azubha karma kA AcaraNa hai| 'AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSA na samAcaret' (apane lie pratikUla AcaraNoM yA vyavahAroM ko dUsaroM ke prati bhI mata karo) yahI karma ke zubhatva kA mUlAdhAra bhAratIya RSiyoM ne batAyA hai| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM zubhAzubhatva (dharma-adhama) ke nirNaya meM apane samAna dUsare ko mAnane kA- Atmaupamya kA dRSTikoNa svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| anuyogadvAra sUtra meM bhI batAyA gayA hai ki "jisa prakAra mujhe duHkha priya nahIM hai, usI prakAra sabhI jIvoM ko bhI duHkha priya nahIM hai, aisA jAnakara jo svayaM hiMsA nahIM karatA, na hI karavAtA hai, vahI samatvayogI samamanA zramaNa hai|" karma kA zubhAzubhatva : kahA~ vyaktisApekSa, kahA~ samAjasApekSa niSkarSa yaha hai ki jahA~ hama kartA ke abhiprAya kI dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM, vahA~ karma kA zubhatva-azubhatva prAyaH vyaktisApekSa hotA hai, aura jahA~ puNya-pApa kI dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM, vahA~ karma kA zubhAzubhatva prAyaH samAjasApekSa hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina vicArakoM ne karma ke hetu (uddezya) aura pariNAma ke AdhAra para bhI usake zubhAzubhatva kA vicAra kiyA hai, parantu mukhyatA kartA ke abhiprAya ko hI dI hai| eka vyakti aMdhe ko aMdhA, kAne ko 1. (ka) dekheM-haribhadrasUrikRta sambodhasattari grnth| (kha) prANA yathA'tmano'bhISTAH bhUtAnAmapi te tthaa| AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM na smaacret|| -mahAbhArata, zAntiparva 258/21 2. jainakarma siddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana se bhAvAMza pR. 40 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA zubha, azubha aura zuddha rUpa 543 kAnA aura cora ko cora kahatA hai / sthUladRSTi se yaha satya hote hue bhI pAramArthikadRSTi se asatya mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki aisA kahane ( kathanakiyA) ke pIche vaktA kA Azaya usake hRdaya ko coTa pahu~cAnA hai, use heya yA tiraskRta dRSTi se dekhakara usakI AtmA kA apamAna karanA hai| isalie aisA vAcikakarma bAhara se zubha pratIta hone para bhI antaraMga se AdhyAtmika evaM naitika dRSTi se azubha hai| " yadyapi bandhaka aura abandhaka kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para eka mAtra zuddhakarma hI abandhaka hai, zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra ke karma bandhaka haiN| zubha aura azubha donoM hI prakAra ke karmoM meM rAgabhAva to hotA hI hai| rAga ke abhAva meM kiyA huA karma zubhAzubhatva kI bhUmikA se Upara uThakara zuddhatva kI bhUmikA meM pahu~ca jaaegaa| parantu yahA~ karma ke zubhAzubhatva kA AdhAra rAga kI anupasthiti upasthiti nahIM, apitu rAga kI prazastatAaprazastatA hai| prazastarAga zubhakarma ke yA puNya ke bandha kA aura aprazasta rAga azubhakarma ke yA pApa ke bandha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| jisa rAga ke sAtha dveSa kI mAtrA jitanI kama yA manda hogI, vaha rAga utanA hI prazasta hogaa| isake viparIta jisa rAga ke sAtha dveSa kI mAtrA jitanI adhika yA tIvra hogI, vaha utanA hI aprazasta hogA / 2 dveSa kI atyalpatA athavA prazastarAgatA ko hI 'prema' kahate haiN| usa prazasta prema se parArtha pravRtti yA paropakAravRtti kA udaya hotA hai, vahI zubhakarma (puNya) kI sRSTi kA kAraNa hotA hai| usI se lokamaMgalakArI yA samAja kalyANakArI zubha pravRttiyoM ke rUpa meM puNyakarma kA AcaraNa hotA hai| isake viparIta aprazasta rAga ghRNA, vidveSa, IrSyA, asUyA, tuccha svArthavRtti, atilobha Adi vRttiyoM ko janma detA hai| unase pApa yA amaMgalakArI azubhakarma kA sRjana hotA hai| saMkSepa meM yoM kahA jA sakatA hai, jisa karma ke pIche zubhabhAvanA, zubha hetu aura prazastarAga (prema) yA parArthaparopakAravRtti hotI hai, vaha karma zubha hai, aura jisake pIche ghRNA, dveSa, tuccha svArtha, raudradhyAna, parapIr3ana, atilobha Adi kI vRtti hotI hai, vaha karma azubha hai| 1. " taheva kANaM kANatti paMDagaM paMDagetti vA / vAhiya vAvi rogitti, teNaM coretti no vae // 2. jainakarma- siddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR.41 3. vahI, bhAvAMza avatarita, pR. 41 - dazavaikAlika sUtra a. 7 gA. 12 For Personal & Private Use Only

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544 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) ataH mImAMsAdarzana ke anusAra 'karma kA kAraNa koI uddezya-saMtoSa yA sukha-prApti kI icchA hotI hai| karma kA uddezya kevala jIvita prANiyoM ke hotA hai| akarma (zuddha kama) meM bhI uddezya hotA hai| ataH karma, uddezya evaM pariNAma meM usI prakAra kA sambandha hai, jisa prakAra kA sambandha vibhinna aMgoM kA zarIra ke sAtha hotA hai|' isa dRSTi se zubhAzubha karma kA AdhAra bhI pUrvokta siddha hotA hai|' vaidika dharmagranthoM meM zubhatva kA AdhAra : Atmavat dRSTi ___manusmRti, gItA aura mahAbhArata meM karma ke zubhatva kA pramANa vyavahAradRSTi se samasta prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTi hI hai| yaha AdhAra vyaktisApekSa bhI hai, samAjasApekSa bhii| bhagavadgItA meM kahA gayA hai-jo vyakti sukha aura duHkha meM samasta prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTi rakhakara vyavahAra karatA hai, vahI (gItA kI bhASA meM) parama (kama) yogI aura (jaina bhASA meM) parama zubhakarmA hai| mahAbhArata meM bhI kahA gayA hai-"jo jaisA apane liye cAhatA hai, vaisA hI vyavahAra dUsare ke prati bhI kre|" isI prakAra Age kahA gayA hai-"tyAga, dAna, sukha-duHkha, priya-apriya sabhI meM dUsare ko apanI AtmA ke tulya mAnakara vyavahAra kro|" "jo dUsare prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat vyavahAra karatA hai, vahI svarga ke divya sukhoM ko prApta karatA hai|" "jo vyavahAra svayaM ko priya lagatA hai, vahI vyavahAra dUsaroM ke prati kiyA jAe, yahI dharma (zubha) aura adharma (azubha) kI pahacAna hai|" 2 bauddhadharma meM karma ke zubhatva kA AdhAra : AtmaupamyadRSTi , bauddhadharma-vicAraNA meM bhI karma ke zubhatva kA AdhAra Atmavat sarvabhUteSu ko hI sarvatra mAnA gayA hai| dhammapada meM buddha ne spaSTa kahA hai"sabhI prANI daNDa (maraNAnta kaSTa) se Darate haiN| mRtyu se sabhI loga bhayAviSTa ho jAte haiN| sabako jIvana priya hai| ataH sabhI prANiyoM ko Atmatulya samajhakara na mAre aura na mArane kI preraNA kre| sukhAbhilASI prANiyoM ko 1. (ka) jaiminIsUtra a. 1 pAda 3 sU. 19-25 (kha) jinavANI karmasiddhAnta vizeSAMka meM prakAzita 'mImAMsAdarzana meM karma kA svarUpa' lekha se pR. 200 2. (ka) Atmaupamyena sarvatra samaM pazyati yo'rjunaH / sukhaM vA yadi vA duHkhaM, sa yogI paramo mtH|| -gItA 6/32 (kha) mahAbhArata, zAntiparva 258/21 (ga) vahI, anuzAsanaparva 113/6-10 (gha) vahI, 113/6-10 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #567
karma kA zubha, azubha aura zuddha rUpa 545 jo apane sukha kI cAha ko lekara duHkha detA hai, vaha marakara sukha prApta nahIM krtaa| isake viparIta jo sukhAbhilASI jIvoM ko apane sukha kI lipsA se kabhI duHkha nahIM detA; vaha marakara sukha prApta karatA hai / " tathAgata buddha 'suttanipAta' meM svayaM kahate haiM- "jaisA maiM hU~ vaise hI ye anya jIva bhI haiM; jaise ye anya jIva haiM, vaisA hI maiM hU~ isa prakAra sabhI ko Atmatulya samajhakara kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA nahIM karanI caahie| "" yahI karma ke ekAnta zubhatva kA mUlAdhAra hai| dRSTi se karma ke ekAnta zubhatva kA AdhAra : AtmatulyadRSTi jainadarzana ke anusAra bhI karma ke ekAnta zubhatva kA mUlAdhAra Atmaupamya dRSTi hai / anuyogadvAra sUtra meM batAyA gayA hai - " jo trasa aura sthAvara sabhI prANiyoM para samatvayukta (sama) rahatA hai, usI kI saccI sAmAyika (samatvayoga kI) sAdhanA hotI hai, aisA vItarAga kevalI bhagavAn kA kathana hai|" "saMsAra ke (samasta) SaTkAyika prANiyoM ko Atmatulya mAno / prANiyoM ke prati Atmatulya vyavahAra karo" / 2 ityAdi Agamavacana karma ke ekAnta zubhatva ke sUcaka haiM | jaba taka saMsArI : taba taka zubha-azubha donoM karmoM kA udaya parantu eka bAta nizcita hai ki jaba taka jIva saMsArI hai, taba taka eka mAtra zubha karma kA hI bandha ho, yA ekAnta zubha karma kA hI udaya ho aisA sambhava nahIM hai| hA~, yaha bAta avazya hai ki jinake cAra ghAtikarma kSINa ho cuke haiM, unake zeSa aghAtikarmoM kA zubha Asrava kabhI-kabhI ho sakatA hai| parantu baMdha to nAmamAtra kA kevala do samaya kA sukhasparzika hotA hai| prathama samaya meM baMdha hotA hai, dvitIya samaya meM vedana aura tRtIya samaya meM nirjIrNa (kSINa) hokara calA jAtA hai / nikAcitarUpa se pUrvabaddha karma bhogane zeSa rahe hoM to ve karma udaya meM A sakate haiM aura zubhAzubharUpa phala bhugavA sakate haiN| ' "isalie yaha kadApi nahIM ho sakatA ki zubhAzubha karma pravRttiyoM meM eka mAtra zubha karma pravRtti hI udaya meM rahe, dUsarI usake sAtha na aae| 1. (ka) dhammapada 129, 131, 133 (kha) suttanipAta 37 / 27 2. (ka) jo samo savvabhUesu tasesu thAvaresu ya / tassa sAmAiyaM hoi, ii kevali bhAsiyaM // (kha) appasamaM manijja chappikAe / (ga) Ayatule payAsu 3. uttarAdhyayana sUtra a.. 29/71 kA antima vacana / For Personal & Private Use Only - anuyogadvAra sU. 129

Page #568
546 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) jJAnI puruSoM ne batAyA hai ki saMsArI jIvoM ke prAyaH sAta yA ATha zubhAzubha karmoM kA bandha aura udaya cAlU rahatA hai| isa kAraNa sAtA ke sAtha asAtA kA, sukha ke sAtha duHkha kA cakra calatA rahatA hai| ____ kalpanA kIjie-jahA~ para isa samaya cilacilAtI dhUpa dikhalAI de rahI hai vahA~ para kucha samaya ke pazcAta dhUpa ke darzana nahIM hoNge| vahA~ para Apako chAyA dikhalAI degii| jahA~ para Apako pahale chAyA dikhalAI de rahI thI vahA~ para kucha samaya ke pazcAta tejatarrAra dhUpa dikhalAI detI hai| isa prakAra dhUpa aura chAyA kA krama calatA rahatA hai| yaha krama parivartana kA pratIka hai| hama cilacilAtI dhUpa ke sthAna para chAyA dekhate haiM aura chAyA ke sthAna para dhUpa dekhate haiN| vaise hI zubha aura azubha karma ke kAraNa sAtA ke sthAna para asAtA aura asAtA ke sthAna para sAtA ho jAtI hai to usameM koI anokhI bAta nahIM hai|' niSkarSa yaha hai ki sAMsArika aura chadmastha manuSya ke jIvana meM zubhAzubha karmoM kI dhUpa-chAMha calatI rahatI hai| parantu eka bAta nizcita hai ki jo vyakti sabhI prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTikoNa rakhakara vyavahAra karatA hai, aura pratikSaNa, pratyeka kriyA yA pravRtti yA caryA karate samaya apramatta, sAvadhAna, yatanAzIla rahatA hai, usake usa samaya azubha (pApa) karma kA bandha nahIM hotA, kyoMki vaha pratipala sAvadhAna hokara karmoM ke Agamana (Amrada) ke dvAroM ko banda kara detA hai aura mana-indriya-saMyama rakhakara calatA hai| vaha pratyeka kriyA yA pravRtti kA jJAtA-draSTA rahatA hai| usa pravRtti, usa manojJa-amanojJa viSaya yA padArtha athavA anukUla pratikUla saMyoga-viyoga ke prati rAga-dveSa nahIM karatA, priyatA-apriyatA kI bAta nahIM soctaa| vaha pratyeka paristhiti meM, zubhAzubha saMyoga-viyoga meM samabhAva se bhAvita rahatA hai| usameM sirpha jJAnacetanA rahatI hai, karmacetanA aura karmaphalacetanA ko vaha pAsa phaTakane nahIM detaa| aisA mahAbhAga apramatta sAdhaka zuddha karma (jise akarma kahA jAtA hai) kA pratIka hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki aisA sAvadhAna chadmastha sAdhaka zuddhopayoga meM rahane ke lie prayatnazIla rahatA hai, parantu prazasta rAgavaza bIca-bIca meM azubhayoga se virata hone athavA azubhayoga kA nirodha karane hetu zubhayoga meM pravRtta rahatA hai| pUrvabaddha zubha-azubha karma udaya meM Ane para bhI vaha 1. jinavANI karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka meM prakAzita 'karmoM kI dhUpa-chAMha' lekha se pR. 11-12 2. (ka) dekheM- dazavaikAlika sUtra kI ye do gAthAe~:- a. 4 gA.8,9 (kha) karmavAda meM prakAzita lekha se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 208-209 " For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #569
karma kA zubha, azubha aura zuddha rUpa 547 sAvadhAna hokara samabhAva se unheM bhogatA hai, yA saMkramaNa karake azubha ko zubharUpa meM pariNata kara letA hai| yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki acchA kArya (karma) karane vAlA yaha jAnatA hai ki acche karma meM bhI kucha na kucha burAI kA aMza hai, aura burAiyoM (bure phala yA saMyoga) ke madhya jo dekhatA hai ki kahIM na kahIM acchAI hai, vahI karma ke zubhAzubhatva ke rahasya ko jAnatA hai aura karma ke zuddhatva kI ora daur3a lagAne ke lie udyata rahatA hai| ' zuddha karma kI vyAkhyA jainakarmavijJAna kI dRSTi se zuddhakarma se tAtparya usa jIvana-vyavahAra se hai, jisameM kisI bhI kriyA kA pravRtti ke pIche rAga-dveSa nahIM hotA, vyakti kevala usa kriyA yA pravRtti kA jJAtA - draSTA hotA hai| aisA zuddha karma AtmA ko bandhana meM nahIM ddaaltaa| vaha aMbandhaka karma (akarma) hai| jainadarzana ne sAdhaka kA lakSya zubha-azubha athavA maMgala- amaMgala se Upara uThakara zuddha karma kI ora bar3hanA batAyA haiM / mokSa prApti ke lie zubha aura azubha (puNya aura pApa) donoM ko bandhanakAraka evaM heya batAyA hai| AdhyAtmika jIvana kI pUrNatA zubha - azubha se upara uThakara zuddhadazA meM sthita hone meM hai aura aisA tabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba sAdhaka azubha para pUrNa vijaya ke sAtha hI zubha (puNya) se bhI Upara uThakara zuddha pariNati meM sthira ho jAtA hai| jaba taka zubha - azubha kA vikalpa mana meM banA rahegA, taba taka pUrNataH zuddha avasthA meM sthiti nahIM ho sakegI / 2 * zuddha avasthA meM zubha karma kA honA bhI anAvazyaka AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai- "jisa prakAra svarNa kI ber3I bhI lohe kI ber3I ke samAna bandhana meM rakhatI hai, usI prakAra jIvakRta sabhI zubhAzubha karma bhI bandhana ke kAraNa hote haiN|" jaina AcArya donoM ko AtmA kI pUrNa svataMtratA meM bAdhaka mAnate haiN| unhoMne batAyA ki jisa prakAra zuddha svaccha vastra ke lie sAbuna kA lagA honA anAvazyaka hai, use bhI nikAlanA hotA hai, usI prakAra nirvANa, mokSa yA zuddhAtmadazA meM zubhakarma (puNya) kA honA bhI anAvazyaka hai, use bhI kSaya karake nikAlanA hotA hai| 1. jinavANI karmasiddhAnta vizeSAMka meM prakAzita 'karma siddhAnta aura Adhunika vijJAna' lekha se bhAvAMza pR. 321 2. jainakarmasiddhAnta: tulanAtmaka adhyayana pR. 44 3. samayasAra (AcArya kundakunda) 145-146 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #570
548 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) zubha-azubha donoM ko kSaya karane kA krama zubha aura azubha donoM ke kSaya karane kA krama jainAcAryoM ne isa prakAra batAyA hai-jaise eraNDa ke bIja yA anya virecaka auSadhi mala ke rahane taka rahatI hai, mala ke nikala jAne para vaha bhI sAtha hI nikala jAtI hai, vaise hI pApa-mala ke nikala (samApta ho) jAne ke bAda hI puNya bhI apanA phala dekara samApta ho jAte haiN| ve kisI bhI naI karma-saMtati ko utpanna nahIM krte| vastutaH jaise sAbuna maila ko sApha karatA hai, maila sApha hone para vaha svayaM bhI alaga ho jAtA hai vaise hI puNya (zubha kama) bhI pApa (azubha kama) mala ko alaga karane meM pahale sahAyaka hotA hai aura usake alaga ho jAne para svayaM bhI alaga ho jAtA hai| azubha karma se bacane para zeSa zubha karma bhI prAyaH zuddha bana jAtA hai| ____ ataH pahale to sAdhaka ko azubha karma se bacanA caahie| azubha karma se surakSita ho jAne para zeSa rahA zubha karma bhI bahudhA zuddha karma bana jAtA hai| vAstava meM, dveSa para pUrNa vijaya pA lene para.rAga bhI nAmazeSa ho jAtA hai| phira to rAga-dveSa ke abhAva meM usase jo bhI karma hoMge, ve zuddha (IryApathika) karma hoNge| tapa, saMvara Adi kArya anAsaktipUrvaka karane se hI karmakSaya ke kAraNa haiM jainAcAradarzana meM batAyA hai ki tapa, saMyama evaM saMvara mAnA jAne vAlA kArya yadi anAsakta bhAva yA rAga-dveSarahita hokara kiyA jAtA hai to vaha karmakSaya kA kAraNa hai, aura vahI pUrvokta kArya AsaktipUrvaka yA rAgadveSayukta bhAva se kiyA jAe to vaha bandhana kA kAraNa hai| jainadarzana ne sAdhaka kA antima lakSya azubha se zubha karma kI ora bar3hanA aura phira zubha se zuddha karma ko prApta karanA batAyA hai|re .. bhagavadgItA meM to spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki zubha aura azubha karma donoM hI bandhanarUpa haiM, mokSa ke lie unase Upara uThanA Avazyaka hai| "samatva buddhiyukta puruSa zubha (sukRta) aura azubha (duSkRta) donoM karmoM kA tyAga kara detA hai|" sacce bhagavapriya bhakta kA lakSaNa batAte hue vahA~ kahA gayA hai"jo na kabhI harSita hotA hai, na dveSa karatA hai, na zoka (yA cintA) karatA hai, aura na manojJapadArtha yA zubhaphala kI AkAMkSA karatA hai, jo zubha aura azubha donoM karmoM kA parityAgI hai, vahI bhaktimAn sAdhaka mujhe priya hai|"3 1. jainakarma siddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana se bhAvAMza pR. 45 2. vahI, pR. 45-46 3. (ka) buddhiyukto jahAtIha ubhe sukRt-dusskRte| -gItA 2/50 (kha) yo na hRSyati na dveSTi, na zocati na kaaNkssti| zubhAzubha-parityAgI bhaktimAn yaH sa me priyH|| -gItA 12/17 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA zubha, azubha aura zuddha rUpa 549 zubhAzubha karmoM ke bandhana se chUTane kA upAya batAte hue gItAkAra kahate haiM-"tU jo kucha bhI karma karatA hai, jo kucha khAtA hai, jo havana karatA hai, athavA jo kucha dAna detA hai, jo tapa karatA hai, vaha saba zubhAzubhakarma mujhe (paramAtmA ko) arpita kara de| arthAt-una sabhI karmoM ke prati tU ahaMkartRtva, mamakAra yA phalAsaktibhAva mata rkh| isa prakAra ke bhagavadarpaNa se tU saMnyAsayoga-yukta hokara terA mana zubha-azubha phala dene vAle karma-bandhanoM se mukta ho jAegA aura taba tU vimuktAtmA hokara mujhe (paramAtmA ko) prApta kara legaa|" isa prakAra gItA kA bhI saMketa adhyAtmapUrNa jIvana ke lie azubhakarma se zubhakarma kI ora tathA zubha karma se zuddha karma kI ora bar3hane kA hai| jainadarzana ke samAna gItAdarzana bhI yaha batAtA hai ki "puNyakarmoM kA sampAdana karane vAle jina vyaktiyoM ke pApa (azubha) karmoM kA anta ho gayA hai, ve rAga-dveSAdi dvandvarUpa moha (kama) mukta hokara ve dRDhavratI bhakta (sAdhaka) ekAgratApUrvaka merI bhakti karate haiN|' bauddhadarzana kA bhI antima lakSya zubha (zukla) aura azubha (kRSNa) karma se Upara uThakara zuddha (azukla-akRSNa) karma ko prApta karanA hai| 'suttanipAta' meM bhagavAn buddha kA vacana hai-"jo puNya-pApa ko tyAga kara zAnta (nivRta) ho gayA hai; isa loka aura paraloka ke yathArthasvarUpa ko jJAta karake karmaraja se rahita ho cukA hai, jo janma-maraNa se para ho cukA hai, usa sthira zramaNa ko sthitAtmA kahA jAtA hai|" isI prakAra suttanipAta meM sabhiya parivrAjaka dvArA buddhavandanA meM bhI kahA gayA hai-jisa prakAra manohara puNDarIka kamala jala meM lepAyamAna nahIM hotA, isI prakAra buddha puNya-pApa donoM meM lepAyamAna nahIM hote| vastutaH bauddhadarzana bhI jainadarzana kI taraha zubhAzubha karma se Upara uThakara zuddhakarma meM-sva-zuddhasvarUpa meM sthira hone kI bAta kahatA hai| isI prakAra pAzcAtya AcAradarzana ke aneka puraskartAoM ne bhI AdhyAtmika paripUrNatA ke kSetra meM pahu~cane kI bAta ko mahatva diyA hai| -gItA 9/27 -gItA. 9/28 . 1. (ka) yatkaroSi yadaznAsi yajjuhoSi dadAsi yt| yattapasyasi kaunteya! tatkuruSva mdrpnnm|| (kha) zubhAzubhaphalairevaM mokSyase krmbndhnaiH| . saMnyAsayogayuktAtmA vimukto mAmupaiSyasi / / (ga) yeSAM tvantagataM pApaM, janAnA punnykrmnnaam| ... te dvandva-moha-nirmuktA bhajante mAM dRddhvrtaaH| 2. (ka) suttanipAta 32/11 (kha) vahI, 32/38 -gItA 7/28 For Personal & Private Use Only

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550 karma - vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) 'breDale' nAmaka dArzanika ke anusAra pUrNa AtmasAkSAtkAra ke lie naitikatA (zubhAzubha) ke kSetra se Upara uThanA hogA; tabhI Izvara se tAdAtmya sthApita kiyA jA skegaa| vahA~ zubha aura azubha kA dvandva yA virodhAbhAsa samApta ho jaaegaa| niSkarSa yaha hai ki zubhAzubha kA kSetra vyAvahArika naitikatA kA hai,. jisakA AcaraNa samAjasApekSa hai, jabaki pAramArthika naitikatA (AdhyAtmikatA) kA kSetra zuddha cetanA kA hai, anAsakta vItarAga dRSTi kA hai, jo vyaktisApekSa hai| usakA antima lakSya vyakti ko bandhana se bacAkara mukti (pUrNa svataMtratA) kI ora le jAnA hai| yahI karma ke zubha, azubha aura zuddha rUpa kA mUlAdhAra hai| 1. (ka) dekheM - ithikala sTaDIja pR. 314,342 (kha) jainakarmasiddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) pR. 47 For Personal & Private Use Only

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11 sakAma aura niSkAma karma : eka vizleSaNa karma zabda ke arthoM meM bhrAnti adhyAtma kI talahaTI se coTI taka pahu~cane meM karma sAdhaka kI gati-pragati meM sAdhaka bhI banatA hai, bAdhaka bhI / vaha kabhI pracchannarUpa se aura kabhI prakaTarUpa se jIva ke sAtha-sAtha calatA hai| kabhI vaha manuSya ko ha~sAtA hai, kabhI rulAtA hai, kabhI nacAtA hai, aura kabhI udAsa aura kabhI mUka banA detA hai| vijJa manuSya hI usakI gati pragati, sAmarthya aura prAbalya, bAdhakatA aura sAdhakatA ko tathA usa para vijaya pAne evaM usakA nirodha aura kSaya karane ke upAyoM ko jAnatA mAnatA hai| anabhijJa aura ajJa isakI gati - pragati Adi ko tathA isa para vijaya pAne evaM nirodha- kSaya Adi karane ke upAyoM ko na to jAnatA mAnatA hai aura na hI prAyaH jAnanA mAnanA cAhatA hai| vaha pratyeka kAma ko hI karma samajhatA hai aura prAyaH bhrAntivaza yaha bhI mAna letA hai ki kAma yA kArya hI karma kA paryAyavAcI zabda hai / karma zabda ke artha bhI pUrvAgrahagRhIta ho cuke yadyapi karmazabda apane meM jJAta ajJAta, prasiddha - aprasiddha sabhI arthoM ko sameTe hue hai; tathApi sAdhAraNa mAnava kabhI karma zabda para gaharAI se socatA samajhatA bhI nhiiN| vaha prAyaH yahI samajhatA - socatA hai ki kAma, kAma aura basa kAma hI jIvana paryanta karanA hai| usa 'karma' ko jisameM zubha - azubha, acche-bure, utkRSTa - nikRSTa, dravyarUpa - bhAvarUpa tathA sakAmaniSkAma, kuzala- aMkuzala, bandhaka - abandhaka Adi sabhI prakAra ke karma chipe hue haiM, aura samaya Ane para usa karma kI jar3a meM se aMkura kI taraha nAnA artha phUTate pratIta bhI hote haiM, parantu anabhijJa aura ajJa mAnava karmazabda ke saMvedanazIla rahasya kI tathA vibhinna arthoM kI partoM ko viveka vicAra ke cimaTe se kabhI uThAne aura haTAne kA prayatna nahIM krte| kabhI-kabhI paramparA aura pUrvAgraha ke vaza hokara mAnava 'karma' zabda ko haThAgrahapUrvaka vicitra artha meM grahaNa kara letA hai aura karma ke nAma para 551 For Personal & Private Use Only

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552 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . 'jaise ko taisA', 'zaThe zAThyaM samAcareta' / 'jaba taka jIo, sukha se jIo: karja karake ghI pIo2 tathA azvamedha, gomedha, naramedha Adi yajJa karma evaM ajabali, pazubali, mahiSabali, narabali Adi bali karma aura kurbAnI ityAdi hiMsAjanakakarma karake devI-devoM ko santuSTa karo, vaidikI hiMsA, hiMsA na bhvti'| ina aura isa prakAra kI galata mAnyatAoM aura dhAraNAoM ke cakkara meM par3akara apane jIvana ko ananta janma-maraNa kI ghATiyoM meM bhaTakAne kA prayatna karatA hai| vaha tathAkathita karma ke phalitArtha evaM hAnilAbha para jarA bhI vicAra kiye binA gatAnugatika banakara apane jIvana-ratha ko usI patha para sarapaTa daur3AtA rahatA hai| vaha yaha nahIM jAnatA-bUjhatA ki zabdoM ke amuka arthoM kI kucha purAnI paramparAe~ mRta ho cukI haiM aura unakI jagaha naI paramparAe~ A baiThI haiN| bhautikavijJAna, manovijJAna, zarIravijJAna, adhyAtmadarzana, jIvanavijJAna, yoga-darzana Adi sabhI vijJAna aura darzana Aja karma zabda meM suSupta aura gupta naye-naye arthoM tathA usake rahasya kI poM ko uThAne meM lage hue haiN| karma ke sakAma aura niSkAma, donoM rUpoM ko jAnanA Avazyaka ataH karma zabda ke sakAma aura niSkAma, doSapUrNa aura nirdoSa donoM rUpoM ko jAnanA atyAvazyaka hai| jo karma manuSya-jIvana meM eDI se lekara coTI taka vyApta hai, use sApha-sutharA, zuddha aura nirdoSa kaise banAyA jAe? isa yakSa-prazna para vicAra karanA anivArya hai aura yaha tathya karma zabda ke sakAma aura niSkAma donoM rUpoM ko bhalIbhAMti jAne-bUjhe binA nahIM ho sktaa| sakAma aura niSkAma zabda ke arthoM meM viparyAsa yoM to sakAma aura niSkAma, ye donoM zabda kAma zabda se niSpanna evaM 1 khUna kA badalA khUna se lo, jaise ko taisA 'it for tat' isa prakAra kA karma siddhAnta _ 'mUsA' kA thaa| 2 'yAvajjIvet sukhaM jIvet, RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pibet' |-yh kriyAtmaka rUpa cArvAka ... darzana kA thaa| 3. (ka) vedoM, brAhmaNoM aura purANoM meM isa prakAra ke kriyAkarmoM tathA kAmyakarmoM kA varNana milatA hai| (kha) yajJoM meM pazubali kA varNana mImAMsAdarzana dvArA karma ke rUpa meM pratipAdita hai| (ga) usI kA vikRta rUpa zAkta sampradAya ke taMtra granthoM meM hai| (gha) islAma dharma meM bhI hiMsaka karma pracalita hai| 4. gItA ke a. 2 zlo. 41-42-43 meM sakAmI puruSoM kI karmasambandhI vividha bhrAntiyoM tathA karmaphalAkAMkSA, phalAsakti tathA bhoga aura aizvarya kI prApti ke lie aneka kriyAoM vAlI sakAma evaM AkarSaka vANI kA varNana hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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sakAma aura niSkAma karma : eka vizleSaNa 553 vyutpanna hote haiM, parantu donoM zabdoM ke artha meM rAta aura dina kA sA antara hai| pahale kA artha hotA hai - kAma sahita aura dUsare kA artha hotA hainirgata-kAma yAnI kAma-rahita / ye donoM karma ke vizeSaNa haiN| ina donoM meM 'kAma' zabda nihita hai; isalie sarvaprathama 'kAma' zabda ke vibhinna arthoM aura kramAgata paryAyoM para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| sakAma - akAma nirjarA se sakAma niSkAma karma ke artha bhinna haiM jainAgamoM meM nirjarA (aMzataH karmakSaya) ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM do zabda prayukta hote haiM - sakAma aura akaam| vahA~ 'kAma' zabda kA artha isase sarvathA bhinna hai| sakAma nirjarA aura sakAma karma tathA akAma-nirjarA aura niSkAma karma ina donoM ke bhAvArtha meM bahuta andara hai / jisa prakAra sakAma karma upAdeya nahIM mAnA jAtA, usI prakAra sakAma - nirjarA tyAjya nahIM, balki upAdeya mAnI jAtI hai| isI prakAra jaise niSkAma karma kathaMcit upAdeya mAnA jAtA hai, usa prakAra akAma nirjarA kathamapi upAdeya nahIM mAnI jaatii| vahA~ sakAma nirjarA kA artha hai - svecchA se, sudRr3ha manobala se, zuddha uddezya se kI huI karmoM kI nirjarA; aura akAma nirjarA kA artha haibalAt, dabAva se tathA binA icchA se, niruddezyapUrvaka huI nirjarA, jaisenaraka ke nArakIyoM ke dvArA jo kaSTa, yAtanAe~ bhogI jAtI haiM, unase jo nirjarA hotI hai, vaha akAma nirjarA hai| karma ke sandarbha meM kAma zabda meM aneka artha garbhita parantu yahA~ sakAma aura niSkAma karma ke artha hI dUsare haiM; mukhya artha to Upara diye gaye haiN| parantu 'kAma' zabda ke garbha meM aura bhI artha chipe hue haiM, unheM jAnane se usake vyApaka arthoM kA patA lgegaa| sAmAnyarUpa se zAstroM meM do prakAra ke kAma batAe gae haiM- icchAkAma aura madanakAma / yadyapi sthUla dRSTi se vyAvahArika dharAtala para kAma zabda ke ekArthavAcI ye sabhI zabda mAne jAte haiM-vAsanA, rAga, kAmanA, AkAMkSA, icchA, lAlasA, * Asakti, tRSNA Adi; tathApi sUkSmadRSTi se avalokana kareM to kAma zabda meM nihita ye saba artha viparIta krama se uttarottara sUkSma hote hue bAhara se bhItara kI ora cale jAte haiN| aisI sthiti meM (viparIta krama se) pUrva- pUrvavartI kArya aura uttara-uttaravartI kAraNa banatA calA jAtA hai| ina sabakI pRSThabhUmi meM ekamAtra kAmasukhAnubhava kI smRti sthita rahatI hai, jo ki apane-apane viSaya ke bhogAbhyAsa dvArA janita saMskAra ke rUpa meM citta ke antaHvartI akSaya koSa meM par3I rahatI hai / vaha saMskAra hI antima kAraNa hai / " 1 karmarahasya (jinendra varNI) se bhAvAMza, pR. 134-135 For Personal & Private Use Only

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554 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) kAma zabda meM suSupta arthoM kA krama zrI jinendravarNI kAma zabda meM suSupta krama ke sambandha meM likhate haiM isa saMskAra ke kAraNa citta para jo smRti kA raMga car3ha gayA hai, vaha 'vAsanA' zabda kA vAcya hai| saMskAra ke koSa meM se nikalakara vaha vAsanA jaba 'idaM' kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai, aura citta ke samakSa upasthita hotI hai, taba vaha 'rAga' kahalAtI hai| yaha rAga jaba buddhi meM praveza karake viSaya-prApti ke lie usake cuTakiyA~ bharane (kATane) lagatA hai, taba kAmanA' zabda kA vAcya bana jAtA hai| yaha kAmanA hI ahaMkAra kI bhUmi meM Akara use utAvalI karane ke lie prerita karatI hai, taba 'AkAkSA' kahalAtI hai| yaha AkAMkSA hI jaba mana meM praveza pAkara use itanA becaina para. detI hai ki vaha bahiHkaraNa (bAhya karaNa) ko viSaya-prApti ke prati niyojita karane meM eka kSaNa kI pratIkSA bhI sahana nahIM kara sakatI, taba 'icchA' kahI jAtI hai| kisI svAdiSTa padArtha ko dekhakara jisa prakAra svAdalolupa jIvoM ke mukha se lAra Tapakane lagatI hai, usI prakAra jaba indriyA~ usa viSaya ke (upabhoga ke) prati lAlAyita ho uThatI haiM, taba icchA hI 'lAlasA' kahalAtI. hai| viSaya ke prApta ho jAne para jaba citta usake sAtha isa prakAra tanmaya ho jAtA hai, (usa viSaya ko bAra-bAra bhogane kI lAlasA prabala ho jAtI hai) ki ahaM kA lopa hokara kevala 'ida' zeSa raha jAe, taba lAlasA (lolupatA) 'Asakti' kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai| (vahI Asakti utkaTarUpa dhAraNa karake mUrchA evaM gRddhi bana jAtI hai) isa Asakti ke phalasvarUpa jaba mana meM kisI eka hI viSaya ko nirantara punaH punaH prApta karane kI icchA prabala hone lagatI hai, taba vaha 'tRSNA' kahalAtI hai|' 'vAsanA' kI sUkSma bhUmi se 'kAmanA' taka Ane meM 'kAma' madhyavartI ho jAtA hai| usake bAda uttarottara sthUla hotA jAtA hai| trividhakRtaka karma do-do prakAra ke haiM : sakAma aura niSkAma karma kA prakriyAtmaka svarUpa nAmaka prakaraNa meM hamane kutaka karma tIna prakAra ke batAye the-jJAtRtva, kartRtva aura bhoktRtva, arthAt-jAnanA, karanA aura bhognaa| uparyukta tInoM hI kRtaka karma sakAma aura niSkAma ke bheda se do-do prakAra ke ho jAte haiN| sakAma aura niSkAma karma kI vyAkhyA sAmAnyatayA sakAma aura niSkAma karma kA artha hai-phalabhoga kI AkAMkSA se yukta karma sakAma hai, aura usase nirapekSa hai- nisskaam| spaSTa 1. karmarahasya (jinendra varNI) se sAbhAra uddhRta pR. 135 2. kRtaka karmoM kI vyAkhyA ke lie 'karma kA prakriyAtmaka svarUpa' nAmaka prakaraNa dekhiye| For Personal & Private Use Only

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kAma aura niSkAma karma : eka vizleSaNa 555 zabdoM meM kaheM to 'isa vyApAra ke dvArA artha lAbha ho jAne para maiM manamAne bhoga bhogUMgA,' isa prakAra kI AkAMkSA yA vAsanA se lekara tRSNA taka ke krama meM se kisI bhI prakAra kI sthUla yA sUkSma icchA se yukta hokara phalabhogAkAMkSA karanA sakAma karma hai, jabaki pUrvokta kisI bhI prakAra ke svArtha yA kAma se nirapekSa-niHspRha rahakara kevala loka saMgraha ke lie yA paropakAra lie kiye gaye samasta karma niSkAma haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM- phalAkAMkSAyukta svArthakRta karma 'sakAma' kahalAtA hai aura usase nirapekSa dUsare kI prasannatA, parArtha, parahitArtha kiyA huA karma niSkAma kahalAtA hai| anya darzanakAra phalAkAMkSA se ayukta aura yukta hone ke kAraNa jise niSkAma aura sakAma karma kahate haiM, use jainadarzana dazama guNasthAnavartI saMjvalana kaSAya (maMda kaSAya ) se yukta tathA tIvra kaSAya se yukta ko kramazaH niSkAma aura sakAma kahatA hai| donoM kA tAtparya eka hai| bhagavadgItA meM sakAma aura niSkAma karma kI vyAkhyA bhagavadgItA meM niSkAma karma para bahuta jora diyA gayA hai| vahA~ niSkAma karma ko karmayoga kA prArambha batAyA gayA hai| gItA meM niSkAma karma aura akarma kA antara bhI spaSTarUpa se pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ yogaArurukSu aura yogArUr3ha donoM ke antara ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai - samatvabuddhirUpa yoga meM ArUr3ha hone ke icchuka mananazIla vyakti ke lie yoga kI prApti meM 'karma' - niSkAma bhAva se karma karane ko hI hetu (kAraNa) kahA hai| aura yogArUr3ha ho jAne para usa yogArUr3ha puruSa ke lie samasta kAmanAoM, vAsanAoM, saMkalpa-vikalpoM kA zamana hI kalyANa kA hetu kahA hai| yogArUr3ha vaha puruSa hai, jo na to indriya- bhogoM meM Asakta hotA hai, na hI karmoM meN| tathA sarva-saMkalpoM (icchAoM) kA tyAgI hotA hai| jaina paribhASA meM use vItarAga sayogI kevalI kaha sakate haiN| vaha kSapaka zreNI para ArUr3ha hotA hai| ' niSkAma karma aura akarma meM antara niSkAma karma aura akarma meM yaha antara hai ki niSkAma karma yadyapi paropakAra kI dRSTi se kiye jAte haiM, tathA vrata, niyama, tapa, tyAga Adi kI 1. yaM saMnyAsamiti prAhuryogaM taM viddhi pANDava ! na hyasaMnyasta saMkalpo yogI bhavati kazcana // 2 // ArurukSormuneryogaM karma kAraNamucyate / yogArUr3hasya tasyaiva zamaH kAraNamucyate // 3 // yadA hi nendriyArtheSu na karma svanuSajyate / sarva saMkalpasaMnyAsI yogArUDhastadocyate // 4 // - gItA a. 2 zlo. 2-3-4 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #578
556 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . pravRtti yA sAdhanA athavA AcaraNa yA dhArmika pavitra vidhi-vidhAnoM yA kriyAoM kA pAlana bhI AtmakalyANa yA svapara-kalyANa kI dRSTi se kiyA jAtA hai, parantu usake prArambha karane se sukha-zAnti kI prApti, svAsthyalAbha tathA hitakara hone kI icchA yA vikalpa rahatA hai| mana meM sUkSma ahaMkartRtva rahatA hai, vaise puNyakarma karane kI pravRtti adhika rahatI hai| yadyapi niSkAma karma ke phalAkAMkSA yA phalabhoga kI AkAMkSA tathA usake utkaTarUpa vAlI tRSNA, lAlasA Adi nahIM hotI, phira bhI kisI tathya yA vastu ko jAnane aura karane kI icchA to hotI hI hai| niSkAma karma vAle vyakti kI devaguru-dharma ke prati zraddhA rAgayukta hotI hai, usakA saMyama, gRhastha zrAvakavarga kA saMyamAsaMyama Adi bhI rAgayukta hotA hai| yadyapi vaha rAga prazasta hotA hai, phira bhI zubha karmabandhakAraka to hotA hI hai| yadyapi niSkAma karmayukta sAdhaka meM ihalaukika yA pAralaukika AzaMsA (phalAkAMkSA, nidAnarUpa phalabhogAkAMkSA) jIvana-maraNa kI AkAMkSA, phalAsakti Adi bhI nahIM hote aura zaMkA, kAMkSA, vicikitsA, mithyAdRSTiprazaMsA evaM mithyAdRSTisaMstava Adi samyaktva ke aticAroM se bhI vaha prAyaH dUra hI rahatA hai| phira bhI jaba taka vItarAgatA kI bhUmikA para nahIM pahu~ca jAtA, taba taka binA icchA yA kAmanA ke koI bhI karma sambhava nhiiN| laukika kAryoM kI bAta to dUra rahI, lokottara kAryoM yA mokSamArgarUpa samyagjJAna-darzana-cAritra-tapa kI pravRtti bhI binA icchA yA mumukSA ke sambhava nhiiN|' lokasaMgraha ke lie maMgala pATha zravaNa, pravacana, paropakArArtha kArya karanA Adi tathA pratyAkhyAna, tyAga, niyama, vrata Adi pradAna karanA, dIkSA pradAna karanA, zAstrAdhyayana karanA-karAnA Adi kAryoM meM bhI icchA avazya rahatI hai| apane ziSyoM ko adhyayana karAne meM bhI guru kI icchA avazya hotI hai ki yaha zIghra hI vidvAn, zAstrajJa evaM tattvajJa bne| rugNa sAdhusAdhvI kI vaiyAvRtya (sevA) karane meM bhI yahI icchA rahatI hai ki yaha zIghra hI svAsthyalAbha kre| sthavirakalpI sAdhu varga rugNa hone para cikitsA karAne aura zIghra nIroga ho jAne kI icchA karatA hai| 1. (ka) sarAgasaMyama-saMyamAsayamA'kAmanirjarA-bAlatapAMsi devsy|| -tattvArtha sUtra a. 6 sU. 20 (kha) karmarahasya (zrI jinendra varNI) se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 138 -vahI, 7 / 18 tathA 7 / 32 (ga) lokasaMgrahamevApi saMpazyan krtumrhsi| -gItA 3 / 20 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #579
sakAma aura niSkAma karma : eka vizleSaNa 357 isa prakAra laukika niHsvArtha evaM pharArtha kArya ho, yA lokottara kArya, pravRtti yA AcaraNa ho, pratyeka ke pIche koI na koI zubha kAmanA, zubhecchA, prazastarAga Adi rahate hI haiN| yadyapi akarma se yukta vItarAgI sayogIkevalI sAdhaka bhI gamanAgamana, vihAra, AhAra, nIhAra, upadeza Adi caryA to karate haiM, parantu unakI kriyA ke pIche koI vikalpa, icchA, kAmanA, rAgAdibhAva yA kaSAyabhAva nahIM hotA, isalie vaha karma bandhakAraka nahIM hotaa| yahI niSkAma karma aura akarma meM mUlabhUta antara hai| niSkAma aura sakAma karma kI vibhAjaka rekhA ___ aba rahA savAla yaha ki sakAma aura niSkAma karma meM kyA antara hai, jabaki niSkAma karma ke pIche bhI koI na koI zubha kAmanA, icchA rahatI hI hai| aisI sthiti meM kisI karma ko niSkAma aura kisI ko sakAma kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? sakAma aura niSkAma karma kI vibhAjaka rekhA kyA hai ? bhagavadgItA meM sakAma aura niSkAma karma kA sundara vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| tIvra kAmanAmUlaka karmoM ko 'sakAma' aura karmaphalabhoga kI yA karmaphala kI AkAMkSA na karane ko 'niSkAma' kahA gayA hai| niSkAma karma kI vyAkhyA niSkAma karma ko vahA~ karmayoga yA karmakauzala batAkara kahA gayA hai ki "terA kevala karma karane kA adhikAra hai, phalaprApti, phalAkAMkSA yA phalabhoga kI icchA karane meM nhiiN|" sAtha hI "karmaphala kA hetu tU mata bana" arthAt- "maiMne kiyA, maiM karatA hU~, merA kiyA huA hai," 'mere nimitta se yaha huA'- isa prakAra kA ahakartRtva yA mamakartRtva karma ke sAtha mata jodd'| isake atirikta eka zarta aura jor3a dI hai, niSkAma karma ke sAtha, vaha yaha ki kartavya karma na karane meM bhI terI Asakti na ho, arthAt-kartavya karma karate hue nindA-prazaMsA bhI hotI , athavA kArya meM bAdhAe~ bhI AtI haiN| ataH unheM socakara tU agara satkartavya ko, Avazyaka kartavya ko chor3akara nizcinta hokara baiTha jAegA ki karma hI nahIM karU~gA to karma kA tyAga ho jAegA; isa bhrama meM mata pdd'| bAhyarUpa se karma kA tyAga kara dene mAtra se karmatyAgI nahIM ho jAtA; karmaphala kA tyAga hI, svecchA se karmaphalAkAMkSA-tyAga hI karmatyAga hai|'' 1. (ka) karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kdaacn| .. mA karmaphalaheturbhUH, mA te saMgo'stva krmnni|| -gItA 2/47 (kha) yastu karmaphalatyAgI sa tyaagiitybhidhiiyte| -gItA 18/11 (ga) je ya kaMte pie bhoe laddhe vipiTThI kuvvi| sAhINe cayai bhoe se hu cAitti vucci|| -dazavakAlika 2/3 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #580
558 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) niSkAma karma meM bhI phala prApti apane adhIna nahIM isakA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra hai- sakAma karma ho yA niSkAma, pratyeka karma kA phala avazya hotA hai| aisA kadApi sambhava nahIM ki manuSya karma karatA jAe aura usakA phala na mile| phala kA yahA~ sIdhA artha haisukha yA duHkha kI prApti / ' sukha - duHkha ke hetu se karma kA paramparAgata phala viSayaprApti bhI ho sakatA hai| kintu phalaprApti kartRtva ke adhIna na hokara bhoktRtva ke adhIna hotI hai / kisAna bIja bone aura use lagAtAra sIMcane Adi kA kArya kara sakatA hai, phasala paidA kara denA usakA kAma nhiiN| dhAnya-prApti rUpa phala use yathAsamaya svataH milatA hai, athavA nahIM bhI miltaa| eka vidyArthI apane pATha ko par3hane, uccAraNa karane aura raTane kA kAma to svayaM kara sakatA hai, lekina pATha kA yAda ho jAnA usake vaza kI bAta nhiiN| pATha yAda to usake kSayopazama ke anusAra svataH ho jAtA hai| * jisameM adhika yogyatA hai, use pATha zIghra yAda ho jAtA hai; kama yogyatA hai, use pATha dera se yAda hotA hai| karma kA phala yatheSTa - manacAhA mile, yaha bhI koI niyama nahIM hai| mila bhI sakatA hai, nahIM bhii| kabhI-kabhI manuSya satkArya karatA jAtA hai, parantu phala usakI icchA ke viparIta hotA hai| roga - zamana ke liye dI gaI auSadhi bhI kabhI - kabhI rogI ko mRtyu ke mukha meM pahu~cA detI hai| karmaphala tyAga ke cAra AdhAra itane vizleSaNa para se karmaphala ke viSaya meM cAra tathya phalita hote haiM - (1) karma vartamAna meM hotA hai, phaMla bhaviSya meM, kabhI-kabhI sudUra bhaviSya meM, (2) karma karane kI bhAMti phalaprApti meM manuSya kA adhikAra nahIM, vaha hotA hai, kiyA nahIM jAtA, (3) karma kA phala avazya hotA hai, (4) parantu karmaphala sarvathA manacAhA ho, manuSya kI icchAnusAra hI ho, aisA niyama nahIM hai; vaha kabhI kama, kabhI adhika aura kabhI viparIta bhI ho jAtA hai| niSkAmakarmI satkartavya, parArtha karma Adi anAsaktipUrvaka karatA hai isa apekSA se niSkAma karma karane vAlA kevala satkarma, satkartavya, parArtha karma, tadartha karma, yajJArtha karma, anAsakti pUrvaka karma karatA hai| ataH niSkAma karma meM icchA to hai, jAnane aura karane kI, parantu usakI icchA yA kAmanA kevala vartamAna ke sAtha sambaddha hai| kintu vahA~ kartavyakarma karanA 1. karmarahasya pR. 148 se bhAvAMza 2. karmarahasya se bhAvAMza pR. 136 3. vahI, pR. 136 - 137 se bhAvAMza For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #581
sakAma aura niSkAma karma : eka vizleSaNa 559 mAtra hI adhikRta yA abhISTa hai| kintu sakAma karma kI kAmanA vartamAna kI apekSA sudUra bhaviSya ke sAtha adhikAdhika sambaddha hotI hai| skAma karma se yukta mAnava kI buddhi vyavasAyAtmikA (dRr3ha nizcayakAriNI) nahIM hotI / vaha nAnA vikalpoM aura viSayoM meM daur3a lagAtI rahatI hai| isalie avyavasAyAtmikA hotI hai / " kisI bhI kArya ko karane se pahale usakI buddhi svArtha kI ora lagI rahatI hai| vaha apane tuccha svArtha kI, apane phAyade kI, apanI svArthasiddhi kI bAta socatA hai, parahita usake samakSa gauNa evaM upekSita hotA hai| vaha kAma karane se pahale socatA hai ki jisa kAma ko karane kA maiMne socA hai, saMkalpa kiyA hai, usase mujhe arthalAbha, pratiSThAlAbha, svArthasiddhilAbha, yazakIrtilAbha, sAMsArika sukhasAmagrI kA lAbha yA manacAhA yatheSTa lAbha hogA yA nhiiN| usakA dRSTikoNa laukika phAyadAvAdI hotA hai| agara usa kAma se use yatheSTa phala kI prApti hotI dikhAI detI hai to vaha kAma karatA hai, anyathA nahIM / isa prakAra phala kI AkAMkSA ko hRdaya meM saMjokara kAma karanA hI sakAma karma kA lakSaNa hai| sakAmakarmI kI tIvra kAmanA kArya karane se pahale bhaviSyat kI ora daur3a lagAtI hai| vaha vahIM baiThakara pahale eka lambA caur3A plAna banA letA hai, mana meM phala prApti ke vikalpoM kA lambA khAkA khIMca letA hai| udAharaNArtha- merA yaha kAma saphala ho gayA to mere pAsa eka mahala hogA, moTara gAr3iyA~ hoMgI, naukara-cAkara hoMge, bAga-bagIce hoMge, Amoda-pramoda ke pracura sAdhana ho jAe~ge, sAre samAja meM merI prasiddhi, prazaMsA aura pratiSThA hogii| taba maiM apane svajanoM aura abhISTa janoM para anugraha karU~gA, aura apane dveSiyoM-virodhiyoM ko nIcA dikhAU~gA, unakI ijjata dhUla meM milA dU~gA / agara yaha kArya saphala na huA to isameM lagAI gaI sArI pU~jI bekAra ho jaaegii| maiM vartamAna hAlata se bhI gaI -bItI hAlata meM pahu~ca jAU~gA / phira to maiM kisI ko mu~ha dikhAne lAyaka nahIM rahU~gA / sambhava hai, maiM dara-dara kA mohatAja ho jAU~; ityAdi nAnA vikalpoM meM usakA mana ghUmatA rahatA hai| kArya prArambha karane se pahale bhI usake mana meM tuccha svArthakAmanAoM ke ye vikalpa rahate haiM, aura kArya pUrA ho jAne ke bAda bhI ve samApta nahIM hote| saphala hone para harSa aura asaphala hone para viSAda ke vikalpoM kI udher3a-buna meM vaha lagA rahatA hai| 1. tulanA kIjie vyavasAyAtmikA buddhirekeha kurunandana ! bahuzAkhA hyanantAzca buddhayo'vyavasAyinAm // - bhagavadgItA a. 2 zlo. 41 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #582
560 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) isIlie AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai-"kAmanAe~ (kAma) duratikrama haiM, unakA pAra pAnA duSkara hai| jIvana (AyuSya) bar3hAyA nahIM jA sktaa|" kAmanAe~ saphala hone para moha, Asakti, rAgabhAva bar3hatA jAtA hai aura asaphala hone para yaha kAmakAmI (kAmabhogoM kI kAmanA karane vAlA) puruSa nizcaya hI zoka karatA hai, vilApa karatA hai, maryAdA se bhraSTa ho jAtA hai tathA duHkhI aura saMtapta hotA hai|' donoM hI sthitiyoM meM vividha svArthAnuraMjita vikalpa usakA piNDa nahIM chodd'te| gItA meM sakAmakarmiyoM kI pahacAna gItA meM batAyA gayA hai ki "jo sakAmI puruSa hote haiM, ve kevala phala-prApti meM hI prIti rakhate haiM, ve kAmAtmA hote haiM, svarga ko hI ve paramazreSTha mAnate haiN| jinase janma-maraNAdirUpa saMsAra hI phalita hotA hai, aise bhoga aura aizvaryarUpa phala-prApti kI vividha kriyAoM kA prarUpaNa karate haiM, arthAt-svargAdi vividha kAmabhogoM (kAmanAoM aura vAsanAoM) meM parAyaNa rahate haiM aura vedavAdarata ve avivekIjana unhIM kA apanI cittAkarSaka evaM mohaka vANI meM pratipAdana karate haiN|"3 sakAma karma meM kAmanA se lekara tRSNA taka kI daur3a isakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki vyakti 'sakAma kama' meM 'kAma' vAsanA se lekara tRSNA kara daur3a lagAtA rahatA hai, kadAcit bAhara se vaha zArIrika ceSTAoM kA tyAga karake bagule kI taraha dhyAna lagAkara baiTha jAe, phira bhI usake antaHkaraNa-catuSTaya meM phala-sambandhI vividha vikalpoM kI udher3a-buna hotI rahatI hai| kAmyakarmoM kA tathA karmaphala kA tyAga hI karmatyAga hai tAtparya yaha hai ki bAhyarUpa se karma (kAya) kA tyAga kara dene mAtra se karmatyAga yA niSkAma karma nahIM ho jaataa| gItA meM spaSTa batAyA gayA hai 1. "kAmA durtikkmmaa| jIviyaM duppddibuuhgN|" "kAmakAmI khalu ayaM purise, se soyai jUrai, tippai, piTTai pritppi|" -AcArAMga zru. 1, a.2, u.5 2. karmarahasya (jinendravarNI) se sAbhAra uddhRta pR. 139-140 3. kAmAtmAnaH svargaparA janma krm-phlprdaam| kriyA-vizeSabahulA bhogaizvaryagati prti|| yAmimAM puSpitAM vAcaM prvdntyvipshcitH| vedavAdaratAH pArtha! nAnyadastIti vaadinH|| -gItA 2/43-42 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #583
sakAma aura niSkAma karma : eka vizleSaNa 561 ki kAmya (kAmanAmUlaka, tIvrakaSAyamUlaka) karmoM kA nyAsa (tyAga) ko hI vidvAnoM ne saMnyAsa= karmatyAga kahA hai| kaI vicakSaNa puruSoM ne sarvakarmaphala-tyAga ko hI vAstavika karmatyAga yA niSkAma karma kahA hai| ' jainadRSTi se sarvakAma - tyAgI hI vAstavika tyAgI sAdhaka 1 "6 jainazAstra dazavaikAlikasUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki 'jo kAmoM (vividha kAmanAoM tathA vAsanAoM = icchAkAmoM aura madanakAmoM) kA tyAga (nivAraNa) nahIM kara sakatA vaha pada pada para saMkalpa - vikalpoM ke vazIbhUta hokara viSAda pAtA hai|" jaisA ki pahale kahA gayA thA - 'yaha vastu merI ho jAe, maiM isakA upabhoga karU~, mere pAsa yaha vastu hara samaya banI rahe, athavA mere pAsa sundara-sundara vastra, AbhUSaNa, sugandhita padArtha, uttamottama zayanAsana, manojJa sundariyoM kA samAgama Adi banA rahe, ye aura isa prakAra kI kAmanAe~ aura vAsanAe~ mana hI mana saMjotA rahatA hai, magara una vastuoM kI prApti, athavA apane tapa, saMyama aura tyAga ke phala ke rUpa meM unakI prApti apane adhIna nahIM hai, vaha vastutaH (karma) tyAgI (yA niSkAmakarmI) nahIM khlaataa| saccA tyAgI (karma - tyAgI yA niSkAma karmI) usI ko kahA jAtA hai, jo uttamottama vastrAbhUSaNAdi tathA indriyoM ke manojJa viSayoM yA padArthoM kI prApti svAdhIna hone para bhI unakA svecchA se mana se tyAga kara detA hai, antaHkaraNacatuSTaya se unakI prApti yA svAmitva - prApti kI kAmanA taka nahIM krtaa| isalie kAma (vividha kAmanA) tyAgI ko hI vahA~ tyAgI kahA gayA hai, na ki karma (kArya) tyAgI ko / 2 'niSkAmakarmI sAdhaka 'karma' ko na pakar3akara karma ke mUla 'kAma' ko pakar3atA hai - kuttA bandUka se nikalI huI golI yA bandUka ko pakar3ane ke lie lapakatA hai, jabaki siMha bandUka yA golI ko na pakar3akara bandUka yA golI calAne vAle para jhapaTatA hai / yahI siddhAnta yahA~ lAgU hotA hai| niSkAma karma-yukta sAdhaka karma (kArya) ko na pakar3akara usake kAraNabhUta 'kAma' (kAmanA - vAsanA) ko pakar3atA hai| jaise - DAlI kATa DAlane se vRkSa naSTa nahIM hotA; vaha naSTa hotA hai, usake mUla ko ukhAr3ane se / DAlI kATa dene 1. kAmyAnAM karmaNAM nyAsa, saMnyAsaM kavayo viduH / sarvakarmaphalatyAgaM, prAhustyAgaM vicakSaNAH / 2. 'je kAme na nivArae / .pae pae visIyanto saMkappassa vasaM gao // vatya-gaMdhamalaMkAraM ityIo sayaNANi ya / acchaMdA. je na bhuMjaMti na se cAitti vuccai // For Personal & Private Use Only - gItA 18/2

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562 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) se usI jagaha dUsarI DAlI utpanna ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra eka kArya (kama) kA tyAga kara dene se turanta dUsare kArya (kama) meM pravRtti prArambha ho jAtI hai| isalie niSkAma karma ke lie niyatakarma kA tyAga Avazyaka nahIM batAyA, apitu una-una karmoM (kAryo) pIche rahI huI phalaprApti kI kAmanAoM, vAsanAoM yA lAlasAoM (kAmoM) kA tyAga Avazyaka batAyA hai| kAmatyAga ke antargata pUrvokta kAmanA, vAsanA, saMskAra Adi se lekara tRSNA taka kA tyAga samajha lenA caahie|' niSkAmakarma meM karmaphala kI AkAkSA tathA karmaphala kA tyAga isa dRSTi se niSkAmakarma meM do bAteM pratiphalita hotI haiM-(1) niyatakarma kA tyAga nahIM, apitu karmaphala kI AkAMkSA (kAmanA) kA tyAga, evaM (2) karmaphala kA tyaag| isa paribhASA meM gItA aura jainAgama donoM ekamata ho jAte haiN| mImAMsakoM dvArA pratipAdita trividha karma sakAma hai niSkAma karma kI isa kasauTI para jaba hama vedavAdarata mImAM-sakoM dvArA pratipAdita trividha karmoM (kAmyakarma, niSiddha karma aura nitya-naimittika kama) ko kasate haiM to spaSTa pratIta ho jAtA hai ki ina tInoM hI prakAra ke karmoM ke pIche kAmanA nihita hai| 'svargakAmo yajeta', 'putrakAmo yajeta', ityAdi vAkyoM dvArA nihita kAmyakarmoM ke mUla meM to spaSTataH ihalaukikapAralaukika kAmanAe~ haiN| mAMsabhakSaNa, surApAna, brAhmaNahatyA Adi niSiddha karma tyAjya hote hue bhI yadi ina niSiddha karmoM ke tyAga ke pIche lobha, svArtha, bhaya, vAsanA, kAmanA Adi haiM to ve bhI niSkAma na rahakara 'sakAma' ho jaaeNge| yadyapi kAmyakarma 'sakAma' hote hue bhI para-ahitakara nahIM hote, parantu niSiddha karma to sva-para-ahitakara hote haiN| tIsare nitya-naimittika karma bhI prakArAntara se sakAma haiM, vividha laukika suphalAkAMkSAe~, kAmanAe~ unake pIche chipI haiN| jaise-sandhyAvandana, zrAddhakarma, Sor3aza saMskAra, upanayana Adi bhI kisI na kisI laukika kAmanAvaza kiye jAte haiM, isIlie gItA meM vedavAdarata puruSoM dvArA pratipAdita evaM Acarita (pUrvokta trividha)karmoM ko prAyaH kAmanAmUlaka hone se 'sakAmakama' kI koTi meM parigaNita kiyA hai| 1. karmarahasya (jinendra vI) se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 138 For Personal & Private Use Only

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sakAma aura niSkAma karma : eka vizleSaNa 563 gItA pratipAdita sakAma aura niSkAma karma gItA meM bhI sakAma aura niSkAma karma kA antara samajhAte hue kahA gayA hai-yajJa, dAna, tapa yA anya aise hI karma sAttvika hoM, phalAkAMkSArahita buddhi se kiye gae hoM to ve niSkAma haiM, kintu ve rAjasa aura tAmasa hoM to sakAma haiN|' sakAma meM bhI rAjasa karma hai to zubha ho sakatA hai aura tAmasa ho to azubha hai| gItA meM kahA gayA hai ki jo manuSya zAstravidhi se rahita tapa (paMcAgni Adi) tapate haiM yA karate haiM, ve dambha aura ahaMkAra se yukta haiM, aura ve kAmanA, Asakti aura balAbhimAna se yukta hai| tapa aura paMcAcAra kA anuSThAna sakAma na ho, niSkAma ho dazavaikAlikasUtra meM bhI isI prakAra ke kAmanAyukta tapa evaM dharmAcaraNa kA niSedha; aura kevala Atmazuddhi (nirjarA) tathA Arhat (vItarAgatva) prApti ke hetu karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| isakA bhI tAtparya yaha hai ki tapa, saMyama, mahAvrata, yama-niyama Adi kisI kI sAdhanA sakAma nahIM honI cAhie, vaha niSkAma honI caahie| niSkAma karma ke lie samyaktva sarvaprathama Avazyaka yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadarzana ne pratyeka niyama, vrata, dharmAcaraNa, mahAvrata Adi kA AcaraNa karane se pahale samyagdarzana (samyaktva) kA honA anivArya batAyA hai| samyagdarzana ke pA~ca aticAroM se rahita honA Avazyaka hai| zama (yA sama), saMvega, nirveda, anukampA aura AsthA samyagdarzana ke cihna haiN| ina pA~ca lakSaNoM se yukta hogA, vaha samyagdRSTi puruSa pUrNa zraddhA-bhakti - utsAha se yukta hokara tapa, saMyama, tyAga Adi kA mukhya uddezya samajhakara niSkAma buddhi se karegA, taba to usakA vaha tapaHkarma, dharmAcaraNa, mahAvratAdi pAlana deva guru- dharma ke prati zraddhA prazasta rAgayukta hote hue bhI niSkAma kahalAegA, parantu ihalaukika- pAralaukika phalAkAMkSA, phalaprApti, svArtha, lobha, bhaya Adi se prerita hogA, vaha cAhe dAna ho, tapa ho, zIla ho, sAmAyika ho, saMyama ho, vrata niyama ho, tyAga ho, yA jJAna-darzana- cAritra ho vaha sakAma hogA, niSkAma nahIM / * 1. etAnyapi tu karmANi saMge tyaktvA phalAni ca / kartavyAnIti me pArtha! nizcitaM mtmuttmm|| 2. gItA 18 / 23 - 24-25 3. dazavaikAlika a. 9, u. 4, sU. 4-5 4. samyaktvamUlAnyaNuvratAni / For Personal & Private Use Only - gItA 18/6

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564 karma - vijJAna : karma kA virAda svarUpa (3) ye bAta sakAma haiM, niSkAma nahIM yahI kAraNa hai ki aupapAtikasUtra meM samyagdarzana se rahita tApasoM ke vividha prakAra ke tapaHkarma ko bAlatapa evaM sakAmatapa kahA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM tAmalI tApasa Adi ke tapazcaraNa ko bhI kAmanAmUlaka (sakAma) hone se bAlatapa kahA gayA hai| " karma-ta -tyAga kA upadeza paramparA se nirAkula sukha ke lie hai niSkAma karma ke sandarbha meM jinendravarNI jI kA spaSTa abhimata hai ki "karma tyAga kA upadeza vAstava meM karma tyAga na hokara kAmanA-tyAga ke liye hai / vAsanA-tyAga kA upadeza saMskAroccheda ke liye, saMskAroccheda kA upadeza (aha'tva-mamatvAdi ke) bandhana - cheda yA pArataMtryoccheda ke lie tathA pArataMtryoccheda kA ullekha tanmUlaka Abhyantara duHkhoccheda ke liye aura duHkhoccheda kA ullekha nirAkula sukha kI prApti ke lie hai| jisa prakAra andhakAra kA vinAza tathA prakAza kI prApti donoM eka hI bAta hai, usI prakAra Abhyantara duHkha kA uccheda aura nirAkula sukha kI prApti bhI vAstava eka hI bAta hai| " 2 sakAma niSkAma donoM karmoM meM kAmanA hote hue bhI mahAn antara pUrvokta prakAra se niSkAma aura sakAma donoM hI karmoM meM kAmanA vidyamAna hote hue bhI donoM meM mahAn antara hai / sakAmakarma meM vartamAna ke sAtha bhaviSya meM bhI phalabhoga kI AkAMkSA uThatI hai, aura uThatI rahatI hai, jabaki niSkAma karma phalabhoga kI kAmanA se nirapekSa tathA kevala dUsare ke hita aura kalyANa kI bhAvanA se prerita hotA hai / sakAmakarmI aura niSkAmakarmI ke antara ko spaSTa karate hue gItA meM kahA hai-(yukta) niSkAmakarmayogI karma ke phala kA tyAga kara paramAtmaprAptirUpa naiSThika zAnti ko prApta karatA hai, jabaki sakAmakarmI puruSa phala meM Asakta hokara vividha (vartamAna aura bhaviSya) kI kAmanAoM dvArA baMdhana meM par3a jAtA hai / niSkAmakarmayogI indriyoM, mana, buddhi aura kAyA ke dvArA bhI Asakti kA tyAga karake antaHkaraNa kI zuddhi ke lie karma karate haiN| aise jo vyakti apane samasta karmoM ko prabhu samarpaNa karake aura phala ke prati 1 (ka) uvavAIsUtra meM dekheM- bAlatapa aura bAla tapasviyoM kA vivaraNa (kha) dekhiye - bhagavatIsUtra zataka 3, u. 2 meM tAmali bAla tapasvI kA varNana 2 karmarahasya (jinendravarNI) se sAbhAra pR. 138 For Personal & Private Use Only

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sakAma aura niSkAma karma : eka vizleSaNa 565 Asakti kA tyAga karate hue karma karate haiM, ve jala se kamalapatra ke sadRza pApa se lepAyamAna nahIM hote / " sakAma karma kI pravRtti: nipaTasvArthAnuraMjita - isake viparIta, sakAma karma kI pravRtti svArthAnuraMjita hone ke kAraNa tIvra kaSAyamUlaka hotI hai| atisvArtha yA tuccha svArtha kevala apane matalaba ko yena-kena-prakAreNa siddha karanA tathA apane viSaya ko prApta karanA jAnatA hai| vaha nyAya anyAya kI, hitAhita kI, yA svahita ke sAtha para hita kI athavA sva- ahita para ahita kI cintA karanA nahIM jAnatA / isake lie vaha aneka prakAra ke chala-prapaMca, jhUTha- phareba, dhokhAdhar3I, corIThagI yA beImAnI karatA hai / merI isa pravRtti se dUsaroM kA kitanA ahita, nukasAna hogA yA dUsare ko kitanA kaSTa uThAnA par3a rahA hai, isa cintana-manana ke lie usake pAsa vaisA hRdaya hI nahIM hotaa| jisa kisI tarIke se adhikAdhika artha aura padArthoM kA mamatvapUrvaka saMcaya aura upabhoga karate rahanA hI usakA lakSya hotA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jahA~ utkaTa phalAkAMkSA hotI hai, vahA~ usake sAtha tIna bAteM jur3I rahatI haiM- svAmitva, ahaMkartRtva aura ahNbhoktRtv| pahale kisI vastu para kAmanA aura mamatA hotI hai, taba usake sAtha svAmitva jur3atA hai| pUrvakRta puNyodaya se kadAcit manazcitita yA manojJa vastu kI nyUnAdhika rUpa meM pUrti ho jAtI hai, taba use svArtha kI sagI bahaneM ahaMtA, mamatA hotI haiM, phira ahaMkartRtva, svAmitva aura ahaM bhoktRtva ke rUpa meM svArtha ke sahodara bhAI A milate haiM / " Azaya yaha hai ki kisI bhI viSaya para svAmitva prApta karane ke lie pahale kartRtva Avazyaka hai| maiM karatA hU~, maiMne kiyA, isa prakAra kA kartRtva- abhimAna ho jAne para prApta viSaya kA upabhoga karane ke prati rati, yA Asakti ho jAtI hai| dUsare kI vastu ko yA manojJa padArtha ko jAnA jA sakatA hai parantu usakA upabhoga karane kI icchA sahasA nahIM ho sktii| kintu phalAkAMkSA ke garbha meM ahaMtva, mamatva, ahaMkartRtva, svAmitva evaM ahaMbhoktRtva Adi tuccha - svArthabhAva rahate haiN| 1. (ka) karmarahasya (jinendra varNI) se pR. 139 (kha) gItA a. 5 / 12-11-10 2. karmarahasya (jinendravarNI) se pR. 141 3. vahI, pR. 140 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3). kadAcit kisI azubha karma ke udaya se phalAkAMkSA pUrNa na ho, usame koI vighna-bAdhA A jAe to usa samaya eka ora to apane para, bhagavAn para, kAla para yA vighnAdi karane vAle nimittoM para krodha, dveSa, roSa, ghRNA, IrSyA, vairabhAva, jugupsA, jhuMjhalAhaTa, jhallAhaTa Adi tathA dUsarI ora nirAzA, zoka, lobha, kSobha, cintA, vyagratA, udvignatA aura bhIti, arati Adi paidA ho jAtI hai| 566 isa prakAra sakAma karma ke sAtha phalAkAMkSA kI bhUmi para tuccha svArtha ke rUpa meM jIvana ko kaluSita evaM pApakAlimA se tamasAcchanna karane vAle samasta tIvra kaSAya tIvra gati daur3a lagAte rahate haiN| ataH lobha aura ahaMkAra ke rAjya meM hone ke kAraNa sakAma karma meM svAmitva, kartRtva aura bhoktRtva ye tInoM bhAva tuccha svArtha se otaprota haiM / " yadyapi niSkAmakarma meM bhI parArtha tathA paramArtha meM bhI zIghra saphala hone kI icchA vAlA svArtha avazya hotA hai, parantu phalabhoga kI AkAMkSA, ahaMkartRtva, karmaphalAsakti Adi na hone ke kAraNa vaha svArtha tuccha evaM nipaTa svArtha nahIM kahalAtA / niSkAmakarma meM parahitArtha karma hone se vaha nipaTasvArtha se viparIta hai, isa kAraNa svAmitva, ahaMkartRtva evaM ahaM bhoktRtva ye tInoM bhAva usameM sambhava nahIM haiN| nipaTasvArtha se aspRSTa hone ke kAraNa parArtha evaM paramArtha se otaprota niSkAma karma meM ye tInoM bhAva sambhava nahIM hai| isakA yaha artha nahIM ki niSkAmakarmI (gItA kI bhASA meM karmayogI): apane karma kA phala sarvathA nahIM bhogatA athavA usake dvArA prApta viSaya kA vaha sarvathA sevana nahIM krtaa| vaha usakA sevana avazya karatA hai, kintu ahaMkartRtvaviSayaka Asakti tathA ahaMbhoktRtvaviSayaka lAlasA tathA phalaprAptiviSayaka tRSNA, kAmanA, yazolipsA athavA karmaphalAsakti usameM nahIM hone se vaha bAhara se padArthoM yA viSayoM kA yathAyogya maryAdA meM yatanApUrvaka upabhoga yA sevana karatA huA bhI bhItara meM nirlepa rahatA hai| bhagavadgItA meM isa karma ko tadartha karma (paramAtmArtha-zuddhAtma-prAptyarthaM karma) tathA yajJArtha (parArtha yA paropakArArtha) karma kahA gayA hai| vahA~ yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki he arjuna! yajJArtha (paropakArArtha yA paramArtha) karma ke sivAya anya karma meM saMlagna yaha mAnava karma-bandhana kara letA hai| isalie 1. karmarahasya (jinendra varNI) se bhAvAMza pR. 140 2 . vahI, pR. 140 3. vahI, pR. 142 For Personal & Private Use Only

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sakAma aura niSkAma karma : eka vizleSaNa 567 madartha (AtmArtha yA paramAtmabhAvaprAptyartha) karma kA samasta AsaktiyoM se mukta hokara samyak AcaraNa kara / jaina paribhASA meM kahA jA sakatA hai- yatanApUrvaka calanA, phiranA, sonA, khAnA-pInA Adi caryA kriyA karanA hI niSkAma karma hai|' arthAt - sAdhaka ko apanI kisI bhI caryA meM, mahAvratAdi pAlana meM, sAdhanA meM, tapasyA Adi meM dambha, dikhAvA, aviveka, yazakIrti, prasiddhi, pradarzana, lobha, svArtha, phalalipsA, ahaMkartRtva, svAmitva, bhoktRtva, lAlasA Adi se dUra rahanA caahie| aisA niSkAmakarmI sAdhaka pApakarma kA bandhana nahIM karatA, pApa se lipta nahIM hotA / sakAma karma ko niSkAma meM pariNata karane kI tIna vidhiyA~ gItA meM sakAma karma ko niSkAma karma ke rUpa meM pariNata karane ke lie paramAtmasamarpaNa kI tIna vidhiyA~ batAI gaI haiM - (1) paramAtmA meM mana, buddhi aura citta ko sthira karane kA abhyAsa karanA, (2) madartha (paramAtmA ke lie) karma karanA, (3) AtmavAn (AtmArthI) evaM yatnavAn hokara paramAtmaprAptirUpa yoga kI zaraNa meM AnA aura sarvakarmaphalatyAga karanA / ina tInoM meM pUrva-pUrva kI apekSA uttara- uttara kI vidhi zreSTha batAI hai| madartha karma kA vizleSaNa karate hue gItA meM kahA gayA hai - yajJa, dAna, tapa yA zayana, bhojana Adi jo bhI satkarma yA niyatakarma karanA ho, use paramAtmA ko arpaNa karake kr| aisA karane se ahaMkartRtva, ahaM bhoktRtva evaM karmaphalAsakti dUra hogI aura maMda - sakAma karma bhI niSkAma karma ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jaaegaa| z2ainaparibhASA meM isakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki yaMtanApUrvaka - vivekapUrvaka Atmahita kI dRSTi se karma yA pravRtti kare / pravRtti evaM nivRtti kA mukhya svara Atmahita yA AtmArtha kI ora hai| arthAt - azubha se nivRtti evaM zubha meM pravRtti kare, vaha bhI yatanA, viveka, vairAgya, zama, saMvega, nirveda, anukampA, AsthA Adi bhAvoM se otaprota hokara / 2 niSkAma pakSa kA grahaNa kaThina yadyapi jJAtRtva, kartRtva aura bhoktRtva ye tInoM hI prakAra ke kRtaka karma sakAma bhI hote haiM, niSkAma bhI / vyAvahArika dharAtala para pUrvokta trividha 1. (ka) gItA 3 / 9 (kha) dazavaikAlika. a. 4/8 (ga) sAmAyika sAdhanA meM mana ke 10 aticAra / 2. (ka) gItA a. 12/8- 9-10-11 tathA 12/55, 9/26-27 (kha) uttarAdhyayana 31/2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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568 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) kRtaka karma sakAma hI pratIta hote haiM, aisA hI dekhA-sunA evaM paricita tathA vizruta hai| isa kAraNa vyAvahArikadRSTi se yaha vastutaH sakAma hI pratIta hotA hai, niSkAma nahIM / kintu nizcayadRSTi se hRdaya-bhUmi meM praveza kiye binA niSkAma pakSa kA grahaNa sambhava nahIM hai| adhyAtma patha meM Abhyantara hI pradhAna hai, bAhya nahIM / parantu niSkAma - pakSa ke viSaya meM jaba bhI koI vaktA kucha kahane - samajhAne kA prayatna karatA hai, taba sAdhAraNajana usake Azaya ko sparza karane, grahaNa karane evaM hRdayaMgama karane meM asamartha hone ke kAraNa athavA niSkAma - pakSa kA viSaya adRSTa, ananubhUta evaM azruta hone ke kAraNa bahudhA zrotAgaNa ke samakSa sakAmapakSa hI prastuta ho jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM niSkAmapakSa zrotAgaNa ko prAyaH hRdayaMgama nahIM ho pAtA hai / " niSkAma karma meM sUkSma prazastarAgAtmaka kAmanA tathA phalAkAMkSA bhI niSkAma karma ke viSaya meM eka zaMkA yaha bhI ho sakatI hai ki niSkAma karma meM jaise sUkSma prazastarAgAtmaka kAmanA rahatI hai, vaise prazasta phalAkAMkSA bhI to sUkSmarUpa meM rahatI hai| vyAvahArika bhUmikA meM sUkSma phala ke lobharUpa phalAkAMkSA kA sarvathA abhAva honA sambhava nhiiN| laukika paropakArAdi karmakSetra kI bAta to dUra rahI, lokottara sva-para- kalyANasAdhanA ke kSetra meM bhI vItarAga pUrNakAma arhad bhagavantoM yA usa koTi ke kevalI (sarvajJa) bhagavantoM ke sivAya anya kisI guNasthAnavartI jIva ko. zata-pratizata aisI uccatama sthiti prApta nahIM hotii| sAdhakavarga cAhe kitanI hI utkRSTa mahAvratAdi yA dazavidha kSamAdi dharma kA AcaraNa karatA ho, kintu apanI-apanI bhUmikA ke anurUpa usameM prazasta evaM sUkSma phalAkAMkSA kA sadbhAva avazya rahatA hai| saiddhAntika dRSTi se dazama guNasthAna taka lobha rahatA hai kisI bhI bAhya padArtha ke prati niSkAma karmayogI kI phalAkAMkSA na bhI ho, parantu apanI ukta sthiti athavA saphalatA ke prati sUkSma ahaMkAra, adhikAdhika pragati karane kA sUkSma lobha, apanI paddhati ke prati sUkSma Agraha tathA apanI svIkRta sAdhanA meM Age bar3hane kI tathA kabhI-kabhI svIkRta deva - guru- dharma ke prati zraddhA-bhakti ke sAtha-sAtha rAgabhAva evaM kaTTaratA, zAstrIya jJAna Adi meM dUsare se Age bar3hane kI kartRtva viSayaka kAmanA tathA kabhI-kabhI apane AcAra-vicAra evaM mAnyatA, paramparA Adi ke prati halakA-sA pUrvAgraha; ye aura isa prakAra kI jJAtRtva, bhoktRtva, kartRtva viSayaka prazasta kAmanA - prazasta sUkSma phalAkAMkSA kA sadbhAva usameM saMbhAvita hai| 1. karmarahasya (jinendra varNI) se pR. 142-143 2. vahI, pR. 143 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #591
sakAma aura niSkAma karma : eka vizleSaNa 569 jainasiddhAntAnusAra dazaveM guNasthAna taka saMjvalana lobha rahatA hai| ataH niSkAma karmayogI meM prazastarAga kA aMza zeSa hone se vaha pUrNatayA phalAkAMkSA kA tyAga to nahIM kara sakatA, phira kaise kahA jAtA hai ki niSkamaM karane vAlA phalAkAMkSA kA tyAgI hotA hai / " 'siddhAnta aura AcaraNa meM antara rahegA hI isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki yahA~ siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai; siddhAnta sadaiva pUrNa kA, Adarza kA pratipAdana karatA hai kyoMki AtmA ke zuddha svabhAva meM apUrNatA kA prazna nahIM hotA / pUrNatA - apUrNatA kI athavA guNasthAna kI carcA AcArapakSa meM hotI hai| isalie sAdhakadazA meM isa siddhAnta kA sAdhakoM kI apanI-apanI bhUmikA ke anusAra vividha tAratamya rahatA hai| pUrNatA taka pahu~cane taka nyUnAdhikarUpa meM mandamandatararUpa meM-- kaSAyabhAva yA prazastarAgabhAva usameM rahanA svAbhAvika hai / isIlie gItA meM bhI kahA gayA hai - vItarAgatA kI bhUmikA = yogArUr3hatA kI sthiti taka na pahu~cane taka sAdhaka ko apanA kartRtvakarma anAsakta aura phalAkAMkSA-nirapekSa hokara karanA caahie| isIlie kahA gayA hai - niSkAma karma kI bhUmikA meM jitane aMza meM phalAkAMkSA rUpa rAgAMza vidyamAna hai, utane aMza meM cAritra meM kamI hai, aura utane aMza meM usakeM bandha avazya hai| isake viparIta jitane aMza meM phalAkAMkSArUpa rAga kA abhAvarUpa cAritra samabhAva vidyamAna hai, utane aMza meM use bandha nahIM hotA / 2. * appANa vosirAmi : niSkAmakarmI kA mUla maMtra yahI bAta jaina- paribhASA meM 'appANa vosirAmi' kahakara 'sva ke ahatva-mamatvAdi kA visarjana karatA hU~' kahakara tamAma dhArmika kriyA, vrata, tapa Adi anuSThAna karane vAle niSkAmakarmayukta sAdhaka ke viSaya meM samajha lenI cAhie aura gItA kI bhASA meM samarpita aura zaraNAgata hokara 'ida' na mama' kahakara samasta karmoM (kAryoM) ke prati ahaMtva, mamatva yA ahaMkartRtva kA visarjana paramAtmA ko samarpita karane vAle niSkAmakarmI sAdhaka kI samajha lenI caahie| " 1. karmarahasya (jinendra varNI) se pR. 143 2. (ka) vahI, pR. 143 (kha) yenAMzena tu cAritra, tenAMzenAsya bandhanaM nAsti / yenAMzena tuM rAgastenAMzenA'sya bandhanaM bhavati // 3. (ka) karmarahasya (jinendra varNI) se pR. 140 (kha) Avazyaka sUtra meM 'karemi bhaMte' kA pATha / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #592
570 karma - vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) parahitArtha parArtha pravRtti aisA niSkAmakarmI sAdhaka parahitArtha, parArtha, paramArtha yA lokopakArArtha samasta kArya athavA sva-sAdhanAgata samasta pravRtti yA pAramArthika sAdhanA bhI kevala samarpita yA visarjita hokara bAlaka yA vinIta ziSya ke samAna kartavyabuddhi se karatA hai / " saMkIrNa svArtha: sakAmakarma kA; aura vistIrNa svArtha niSkAmakarma kA pratIka samagra ko chor3akara usake aMgabhUta kisI eka 'idaM' ke sAtha baMdhe hue citta se jaba kAmanA kendrita hotI hai, taba vaha svayaM kI tathA ahaMkAra kI tRpti ke prayojana se hotI hai, isalie vaha nipaTa svArtha kahalAtI hai / parantu samagra ko hastagata karane kI kAmanA, ahaMkAra ko pUrNAhaMtA pradAna karane ke prayojana se hotI hai, isalie vaha (kAmanA) paramArtha kahalAtI hai| isI prakAra paropakAra kI kAmanA, dUsaroM kA hita karane ke lie hotI hai, isalie vaha parArtha kahalAtI hai| kAmanA tInoM meM samAna hai, kintu nipaTa svArtharaMjita kAmanA aura paramArtha yA parArtha kI gaI kAmanA meM rAta-dina kA antara hai| sakAmakarma isa padArtha ko prApta karane ke lie 'maiM yaha kAma karU~' isa prakAra kI kAmanA se prerita hokara jo kAma vyakti karatA hai, usameM yaha kAma maiMne kiyA - aisA ahaMkAra hotA hai, ataH usa kArya meM tathA usake dvArA prApta phala meM usakA svAmitva ho jAtA hai, jabaki jisa kArya ko vyakti kevala dUsaroM ke hita evaM prasannatA tathA nirAkula Atma-sukha ke lie karatA hai, usameM tathA usake dvArA prApta phala meM usa vyakti kI ahaMtA - mamatA evaM svAmitva bhAvanA prAyaH nahIM hotii| apane svAmI ke lie kiye gaye kArya meM tathA usase prApta hAni-lAbha meM jaise mainejara kI nipaTa - svArthabuddhi nahIM hotI, vaise nipaTasvArtha se aspRSTa hone ke kAraNa parArtha aura paramArtha donoM hI prakAra ke karmoM meM phalAkAMkSA, azraddhA, saMzaya, bhrAnti Adi kI sambhAvanA nahIM rahatI, kyoMki parahitArtha athavA lokopakArArtha kiye gaye sakala kArya samagra pAramArthika karma bAlakavat kevala kartRtvabuddhi se kiye jAte haiN| yadyapi paramArtha tathA parArtha kArya meM zIghra saphala hone kI icchA vAlA svArtha rahatA hai, para vaha phala bhogAkAMkSA vAlA nipaTa svArtha nahIM hotA | AdhyAtmika dRSTi se vaha svArthaAtmArtha kahalAtA hai, svArtha nhiiN| yahI sakAMmakarma aura niSkAmakarma kI vibhAjaka rekhA hai| 1. karma rahasya (jinendra varNI), pR. 141 2. vahI, pR. 147 3. vahI, pR. 147 - 148 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #593
12 karmoM ke do kula : ghAti kula aura aghAti kula AtmA ke mUla aura pratijIvI guNoM ke ghAtaka karmoM ke do kula jeTha kI dupaharI meM madhyAhna kA sUrya AkAza meM jAjvalyamAna hai, vaha pUrI zakti se tApa aura prakAza de rahA hai / tApa aura prakAza ke atirikta bhI sUrya zakti, sphUrti, viTAmina, jyoti, puruSArtha preraNA, tejasvitA Adi bhI parokSarUpa se pradAna karatA hai / parantu acAnaka AkAza meM kAle-kajarAre bAdala umar3a-ghumar3a-kara A gae, tUphAnI havAe~ calane lagIM ki sUrya kI zaktiyA~ AcchAdita ho gaI, tApa aura prakAza kI usakI zakti kuNThita ho gii| aba prAyaH usase sphUrti ke badale Alasya, jyoti ke badale andhakAra, puruSArtha-preraNA ke badgale akarmaNyatA kI vRtti, tejasvitA ke badale nAmardagI, zakti ke badale rogAdi meM vRddhi hone ke kAraNa azakti bar3hane lagatI hai| sUrya kA tApa na hone se zaitya (ThaMDaka ) bar3ha jAtI hai, prANI kI kartRtvazakti meM kSINatA A jAtI hai| aisA kyoM hotA hai ? pratyakSadarzI yaha kahate haiM ki bAdala sUrya para chA gae haiN| unhoMne sUrya kI sabhI zaktiyoM ko AvRta aura kuNThita kara diyA hai| sUrya ke guNoM ko bAdaloM ne AvRta kara diyA, isa kAraNa vaha apane guNoM ko prakaTa nahIM kara paataa| yahI bAta AtmA ke sambandha meM samajhie / jagadAkAza meM AtmA anantajJAna aura anantadarzana se prakAzamAna hai, asIma Ananda se sphUrtimAna, puruSArthavAn hai, anantazakti (vIrya) se tejasvI aura zaktimAna hai| vaha apane Apa meM nirAmaya, jyotirmAna evaM kSAyika samyaktva, kSAyika cAritra evaM kSAyikadAna tathA kSAyopazamika guNoM se sampanna hai| parantu karmoM ke megha usakI ananta zaktimaya guNarazmiyoM ko AvRta evaM kuNThita kara dete haiN| karma AtmA ke anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantaAnanda (Atmasukha) evaM anantazakti (vIrya) ina cAroM mUlaguNoM ko * prakaTa nahIM hone dete| ye AtmA kI svabhAva - dazA ko vikRta karate haiN| 571 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #594
572 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . parantu jaise kucha bAdala aise hote haiM, jo sUrya ke tApa aura prakAza tathA usakI zaktiyoM aura razmiyoM ko itanA AvRta nahIM kara pAte, jisase ki sUrya tApa evaM prakAza na de sake, zakti aura sphUrti pradAna na kara ske| isI prakAra kucha karma aise hote haiM, jo AtmA ke mUla guNoM ko to AvRta evaM kuNThita nahIM kara pAte, ve AtmA ke pratijIvI guNoM ko prabhAvita karate haiM, kuNThita kara dete haiN| ghAti kula aura aghAti kula ke karma - jaina karmavijJAnavettAoM ne ina donoM meM se eka ko ghAtikarma aura dUsare ko aghAtikarma kahA hai| vaise to ATha mUla karma-prakRtiyoM ke hI ye avAntara bheda haiN| karmavijJAnavidoM ne ATha mUla karmaprakRtiyoM kA do kuloM meM vargIkaraNa kara diyA hai| jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya; ina cAra karmaprakRtiyoM (karmoM) ko ghAtikarma ke kula meM aura vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura gotra ina cAra karma prakRtiyoM ko aghAtikarma (aghAtya) ke kula meM samAviSTa kiyA hai| ghAtikulIna karma kA lakSaNa ghAtikula ke karmoM kA lakSaNa jainAcAryoM ne isa prakAra kiyA hai-jo karma AtmA se ba~dhakara usake svarUpa kA tathA usake svAbhAvika guNoM kA ghAta karate haiM, unheM kSati pahu~cAte haiM, una para pardA banakara chA jAte haiM, unheM AvRta kara dete haiM, jisase ve apanI zaktiyoM ko prakaTa nahIM kara pAte, ve ghAtIkarma yA ghAtika athavA ghAtyakarma kahalAte haiN| 'dhavalA' meM isakA artha yoM kiyA gayA hai-"jo karma AtmA kI svAbhAvika zakti, arthAt-kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana, anantavIrya (parAkrama), kSAyika samyaktva, kSAyika cAritra, kSAyika dAna tathA kSAyopazamika guNoM kA ghAta karate haiM, unheM naSTa karate haiM, ve ghAtI karma kahalAte haiN|"2 ye ghAti karma jIva-mukti meM bAdhaka aura kevalajJAna ke pratibandhaka hote haiN| ina ghAti karmoM kI anubhAgazakti kA asara AtmA ke jJAna, darzana Adi guNoM para hotA hai, jisase Atmika guNoM kA vikAsa avaruddha ho jAtA 1. (ka) "tatraghAtIni catvAri karmANyanvartha saMjJayA / ghAtakatvAd guNAnAM hi jIvasyaiveti vaak-smRtiH|| -paMcAdhyAyI 2/998 (kha) "AvaraNa-moha-vigghaM ghAdI, jiiv-gunn-ghaatnnaattaado|" -gommaTasAra karmakANDa 9 (ga) dharma aura darzana (upAcArya devendramuni) se pR. 13 2. dhavalA pu. 7 khaM. 2 bhA. 1 sU. 15 pR. 62 3. dharma aura darzana (upAcArya devendramuni) se pR. 63-64 . For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmoM ke do kula : ghAti aura aghAti kula 573 ye cAroM ghAtikarma kramazaH AtmA ke anantajJAna, anantadarzana, ananta avyAbAdha sukha aura anantavIrya (zakti), ina cAra mukhya guNoM kA to ghAta karate hI haiM, sAtha hI usake anujIvI guNoM-kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, satya, zauca, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya evaM brahmacarya Adi svabhAvoM (AtmadharmoM) kA vikAsa bhI avaruddha kara dete haiN| ghAtikarma kisa prakAra AtmaguNoM kA ghAta karate haiM ? yadyapi ghAtIkarma AtmA ke guNoM kA pUrNatayA ghAta nahIM kara sakate, AtmA kA mUla evaM abhinna guNa jJAna hai| usakA pUrNatayA ghAta jJAnAvaraNa nAmaka ghAtikarma nahIM kara sktaa| jJAna kA pUrNatayA ghAta kara de to AtmA, AtmA na rahakara anAtmA bana jaaegaa| phira to karma aura AtmA donoM hI jar3a ho jaaeNge| 'nandIsUtra' meM batAyA gayA hai ki "jJAna AtmA kA maulika guNa hai| vaha pUrNarUpeNa kabhI AvRta nahIM ho sktaa| yadi vaha divyaguNa bhI AvRta ho jAe to jIva ajIva ho jaaegaa| ataH sabhI jIvoM ke akSara (jJAna) kA anantavA~ bhAga to nitya udghaTita rahatA hai| meghasamUha kitanA hI saghana ho, sUrya apanI prabhA se ghanaghora ghaTAoM ko vidIrNa karake prakAzamAna hone meM samartha hai| phira bhI ghAtI karma AtmA ke guNoM kA vikAsa karane meM ghAtaka-bAdhaka avazya banate haiN| cAroM ghAtI karmoM kA kArya ___ jJAnAvaraNa karma AtmA kI ananta jJAnazakti kA ghAta karatA hai, vaha jJAnaguNa ko prakaTa nahIM hone detaa| darzanAvaraNa karma AtmA kI ananta darzanazakti ko AvRta karatA hai, use prakaTa hone nahIM detaa| mohanIya karma AtmA ke samyagdarzana aura samyakcAritra ke guNoM ke vikAsa meM ghAtakabAdhaka evaM avarodhaka banatA hai| vaha AtmA ko mohamUr3ha banAkara use sacce mArga (satya) kA bhAna nahIM hone detaa| itanA hI nahIM, vaha usa satyapatha para calane bhI nahIM detA, jisase AtmA ko nirAkula avyAbAdha sukha kI prApti nahIM hotii| antarAya karma AtmA kI ananta vIryazakti Adi kA pratighAta karatA hai, jisase AtmA apanI ananta virAT zakti kA vikAsa evaM jAgaraNa nahIM kara paataa| . ghAtika karmoM kI utkaTatA .. pa. jJAnamuni jI ghAtika karmo kI utkaTatA kA varNana karate hue 1. "savvajIvANaM pi ya NaM akkharassa aNaMta bhAgo NiccugghADio hvi| jai puNa so vi AvarijjA, teNaM jIvA ajIvattaM paavejjaa||| . suTTha vi meha-samudaye hoi pabhA cNd-suuraannN|" -nandIsUtra sU. 43 2. dharma aura darzana (upAcArya devendramuni) se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 64 3. ina AThoM hI karmoM (karma-prakRtiyoM) kI vyAkhyA 'prakRtibandha' prakaraNa meM dekhiye| - saM. For Personal & Private Use Only

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574 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . likhate haiM-jaise megha sUrya ko AcchAdita karake usakI jyoti ko AvRta kara dete haiM, aise hI jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kRSNatama megha AtmA kI jJAnajyoti ko Dhaka dete haiN| anantajJAna kA dhanI hokara bhI AtmA isI ke prabhAva se buddhU-sA bana jAtA hai| darzanAvaraNIya karma sAmAnya bodha kA ghAtaka banakara AtmA ko padArthoM kA sAmAnya bodha bhI acchI taraha nahIM hone detaa| mohanIya karma AtmA ko mohita banAe rakhatA hai| jo manuSya bhagavAn kA pratinidhi mAnA jAtA hai, mohanIya karma isI manuSya ko pazu-tulya banAkara rakha detA hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kI cANDAla caukar3I isI karma kI kRpA se phalatI-phUlatI hai| tathA antarAyakarma dAnAdi kAryoM meM rukAvaTa DAlatA hai, banate hue kArya ko bhI bigAr3a detA hai| isake kAraNa banA-banAyA khela bigar3a jAtA hai| isa taraha jJAnAvaraNIya Adi cAroM karma Atmika guNoM kA ghAta karate haiM, phalataH inheM 'ghAtIkarma' kahA jAtA hai|" ina cAroM meM mohanIya karma prabala evaM pramukha ___ ina cAroM meM mohanIya kI prabalatA batAte hue DaoN. sAgaramala jaina likhate haiM-"ina ghAtI karmoM meM avidyArUpa mohanIya karma hI AtmasvarUpa ke AvaraNa, kSamatA, tIvratA aura sthitikAla (avadhi) kI dRSTi se pramukha hai| vastutaH mohakarma hI eka aisA karma-saMskAra hai, jisake kAraNa karmabandha kA pravAha satata banA rahatA hai| mohanIya karma usa bIja ke samAna hai, jisameM (punaH punaH) aMkuraNa kI zakti hai| (rAga, dveSa aura moha yA kaSAya Adi karmabandha ke mukhya-kAraNa mohanIya karma kI. hI santati hai)| jisa prakAra ugane yogya bIja, havA, pAnI Adi ke sahayoga se apanI paramparA ko bar3hAtA rahatA hai, usI prakAra mohanIyarUpI karma-bIja jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAyarUpa havA, pAnI Adi ke sahayoga se karma-paramparA ko satata banAye rakhatA hai| mohanIya karma hI janma-maraNarUpa saMsAra yA. bandhana kA mUla hai| zeSa ghAtI karma usake sahayogI mAtra haiN| ise (zAstra meM) karmoM kA senApati kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra senApati ke parAjita hone para sArI senA hataprabha hokara zIghra hI parAjita ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra mohakarma para vijaya prApta kara lene para zeSa samasta karmoM ko AsAnI se parAjita kara AtmazuddhatA kI upalabdhi kI jA sakatI hai| jaise hI moha naSTa ho jAtA hai, vaise hI jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa kA pardA haTa jAtA 1. jJAna kA amRta (pa. jJAnamuni jI) se sAbhAra uddhRta pR. 103 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #597
karmoM ke do kula : ghAti aura aghAti kula 575 hai| antarAya yA bAdhakatA samApta ho jAtI hai aura AtmA (vyakti) jIvanmukta bana jAtA hai|" tattvArthasUtra, uttarAdhyayana, dazAzrutaskandha Adi meM batAyA gayA hai ki sarvaprathama mohakarma kA kSaya hone ke pazcAt jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya karma kA zIghra hI eka sAtha kSaya ho jAtA hai, tabhI kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana hotA hai|"2 ghAtikarmoM kA unmUlana hue binA kevalajJAna eva mokSa nahIM hotA ye cAroM ghanaghAtI karma Atmazakti ke ghAtaka, Avaraka, vikAraka aura pratirodhaka haiN| yaha jIva jaba taka ina cAroM ghAtIkarmoM ko naSTa nahIM kara letA, taba taka use na to kevalajJAna hotA hai, aura na hI yaha jIva mokSamandira meM praveza ke yogya jIvanmukta (sadeha mukta) bana sakatA hai| kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi ke liye cAra ghAtI karmoM kA kSaya honA anivArya hai| inake samUla naSTa hone para hI AtmA apane mUlaguNoM ko pUrNarUpa se pragaTa kara sakatI hai, AtmasvarUpa meM satata sthira raha sakatI hai| ghAtIkarma ke do bheda : sarvaghAtI, dezaghAtI - ghAtIkarmoM ke do bheda haiM-sarvaghAtI aura deshghaatii| jo karma AtmA ke kisI guNa ko pUrNatayA, Avarita kara letA hai, jo usakA pUrI taraha se ghAta karatA hai, AtmaguNoM para AcchAdita hokara unheM kiMcit mAtra bhI vyakta nahIM hone detA, use sarvaghAtI kahate haiN| isake viparIta jo karma AtmA ke kisI guNa ke ekadeza (aMza) ko Avarita AcchAdita karatA hai, ghAta karatA hai, vaha dezaghAtI karma hai| 1. (ka) jainakarma-siddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana sAbhAra uddhRta pR. 77-78 (kha) sukkamUle jadhA rukkhe, siccamANe Na rohti| evaM kammA na rohaMti, mohaNijje khayaM gte|| -dazAzrutaskandha 5/14 (ga) 'ega vigiMcamANe puDho vigici|' -AcArAMga 1/3/4 (gha) mUlasitte phaluppattI, mUlaghAte hataM phlN| -RSibhASitAni 2/6 2. (ka) 'mohakSayAjjJAna-darzanAvaraNAntarAyakSayAcca kevlm|' -tattvArthasUtra 10/1 . (kha) "aTThavihassa kammassa kammagaMThi vimoyaNayAe tappaDhamayAe jahANupuvvIe aTThavIsaivihaM mohaNijja kammaM ugghAei, paMcavihaM nANAvaraNijja, navavihaM dasaNAvaraNijja, paMca vihaM aMtarAiyaM, ee tinni vi kammase jugavaM khvei| taopacchA aNuttara.........kevalavaraNANadaMsaNaM smuppaadei|" -uttarA. 29/71 3. (ka) gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) gA. 39, 180 (kha) paMcasaMgraha (prA.) gA. 483 4. (ka) gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) gA. 40 (kha) dravyasaMgraha TIkA gA. 34 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #598
karma - vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) AtmA ke svaguNoM kA ghAta karane vAlI cAroM ghAtIkarmoM kI kula 47 prakRtiyA~ haiM / jJAnAvaraNIya kI 5, darzanAvaraNIya kI 9, mohanIya kI 28 aura antarAya kI 5, yoM kula 47 prakRtiyA~ hotI haiN| unameM se sarvaghAtIkarma prakRtiyA~ 21 haiM aura dezaghAtI 26 haiM / ' sarvaghAtI karma prakRtiyA~ 576 yahA~ sarvaghAta kA artha mAtra ina guNoM ke pUrNa prakaTana ko rokanA hai, na ki ina guNoM kA nAmazeSa kara denA, yA anastitva kara denA; kyoMki jJAnAdi guNoM ke pUrNa abhAva meM Atmatattva aura jar3atattva meM koI antara nahIM rhegaa| isa viSaya meM pahale kahA jA cukA hai| isalie sarvaghAtI karma na to AtmA jJAnAdi guNoM ke pUrNatayA prakaTana ko roka sakatA hai aura na hI usakI prakAza kSamatA ko / sarvaghAtI karma prakRtiyoM se kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana nAmaka - guNoM kA AvaraNa pUrNarUpeNa hotA hai| pAMcoM prakAra kI nidrAe~ bhI AtmA kI sahaja anubhUti kI kSamatA ko pUrNatayA AvRta karatI haiN| AtmA kI svAbhAvika satyAnubhUti nAmaka guNa ko mithyAtva moha tathA mizramoMha sarvathA AcchAdita kara detA hai| anantAnubandhI cAra kaSAya samyaktva kA, apratyAkhyAnI cAra kaSAya dezavirati cAritra kA, aura cAra pratyAkhyAnI kaSAya sarvavirati cAritra kA pUrNa bAdhaka banatA hai| isa prakAra ye kula 21. sarvaghAtI karma prakRtiyA~ haiM / Atma dezaghAtI karma prakRtiyA~ zeSa jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI 4, darzanAvaraNIyakarma kI 3, mohanIya karma kI 14 aura antarAya karma kI 5; yoM kula 26 karma prakRtiyA~ dezaghAtI haiN| aghAtI karma : svarUpa, kArya aura prakAra ghAtIkarma se viparIta svabhAva vAle karma 'aghAtIkarma' kahalAte haiN| arthAt-ye AtmA ke jJAnAdi maulika evaM svAbhAvika guNoM kA ghAta yA hrAsa nahIM karate, kevala AtmA ke pratijIvI guNoM kA ghAta yA hrAsa karate haiN| AtmA kI svabhAva dazA kI upalabdhi aura AtmaguNoM ke vikAsa meM ye (aghAtI) karma bAdhaka nahIM hote / yadyapi aghAtIkarma jIva ko saMsAra meM to bhaTakAte haiM; kintu AtmaguNoM ko hAni nahIM phuNcaate| vastutaH aghAtIkarma bhune hue bIja ke samAna haiM jinameM naye karmoM ko upArjana karane yA AtmaguNoM kA vinAza karane kA sAmarthya nahIM hotA / arthAt - karma - paramparA 1. (ka) karmagrantha paMcama prastavanA (paM. phUlacaMda jaina) se pR. 23 2. (ka) jaina karmasiddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana se bhAvAMza pR. 78 (kha) karmagrantha bhA. 5 prastAvanA pR. 23 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #599
karmoM ke do kula : ghAti aura aghAti kula 577 kA avicchinna pravAha jArI rakhane meM ye karma asamartha hote haiN| samaya kI avadhi pakane ke sAtha hI apanA phala dekara anAyAsa hI ye alaga ho jAte haiN| ye zubha-azubha paudgalika dazA meM nimitta banate haiN| isalie aghAtI karmoM kA sIdhA sambandha paudgalika dravyoM se hotA hai| inake kAraNa AtmA amUrta hote hue bhI mUrtavat rahatI hai| inakA asara zarIra, indriya, Ayu, mana, vacana, aMgopAMga, viSaya-sukha sAdhana Adi para hotA hai| - aghAtI karma cAra haiM-vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura gotr| ye cAroM bAhya arthApekSI haiN| inase bhautika padArthoM kI upalabdhi hotI hai| vaise saMsArI jIvana AtmA aura zarIra ke saMyoga-saha bhAva se banatA hai| isameM nAmakarma zubha-azubha zarIra-nirmANakArI karmavargANA rUpa hai| AyuSyakarma zubha-azubha jIvana ko banAye rakhane vAlI karmavargaNArUpa hai| vyakti ko sammAnanIya-asammAnanIya kahalAne vAlI karmavargaNArUpa gotrakarma hai aura sukha-duHkhAnubhUtikAraka karmavargaNArUpa hai-vedniiykrm|' ghAtI-aghAtI karmoM meM kauna pAparUpa, kauna puNyarUpa? ghAtikarma to pAparUpa haiM hI, aghAtIkarma ke bhedoM meM se kucha puNyakarma haiM aura kucha paapkrm| unakI vyAkhyA evaM carcA hama Age ke khaNDoM meM kreNge| aghAtI karmoM kA kArya aura prabhAva vAstava meM aghAtI karma kI anubhAgazakti AtmA ke guNoM para sIdhA asara nahIM karatI, phira bhI AtmA ke pratijIvI guNoM kA ghAta karane tathA unheM Acchanna karane meM aghAtI karmoM kA hAtha hai hii| aghAtIkarmavaza jIva ko zarIra ke kArAgRha meM baddha rahanA par3atA hai| jIva ke 4 pratijIvI guNa haiM-avyAbAdha sukha, aTala avagAhanA, amUrtatva aura agurulghutv| ina cAroM ko kramazaH ye cAroM aghAtI karma prakaTa nahIM hone dete| vedanIya karma AtmA ke avyAbAdha sukha ko Acchanna karatA hai| AyuSyakarma AtmA kI aTala avagAhanA-zAzvata sthiratA nahIM hone detaa| nAmakarma AtmA kI arUpI-amUrtadazA ko anAvRta nahIM hone detaa| gotrakarma AtmA ke agurulaghutva guNa ko rokatA hai| 1. (ka) paMcasaMgraha gA. 484 / / (kha) gommaTasAra (ka) gA. 9 (ga) jaina karmasiddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana se pR. 78 2. karmagrantha paMcama, prastAvanA (paM. phUlacaMda jI siddhAntazAstrI) se pR. 23 3. dharma aura darzana (upAcArya devendramuni) se pR. 64 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #600
578 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . . ghAtI karmoM ko unmUlana karane kA krama ghAtIkarma ko unmUlana karane kA krama yaha hai-sarvaprathama vaha apramattasaMyata darzanamoha kA kSaya karake kSAyika samyagdRSTi ho jAtA hai| usakI dRSTi atIva nirmala, satyapUrNa evaM nirbhaya ho jAtI hai| usakI zakti itanI bar3ha jAtI hai ki vaha vairAgya, tapa (bAhyAbhyantara tapa) evaM tyAga kI zreNiyoM para samasta bAhyagranthiyoM kA bhedana kara detA hai; aura paramanirgrantha bana jAtA hai| phira vaha kaThora tapa, parISahajaya, upasarga.samatA, samabhAvabhAvita AtmA evaM dharma-zukladhyAna samAdhi Adi ke dvArA antaraMga granthiyoM ko tor3ane kA abhyAsa karatA hai| phalataH karmoM kI sattA meM bhagadar3a maca. jAtI hai| sthiti aura anubhAga kA tIvra vega se apakarSaNa hone lagatA hai| Age-Age uttarottara manda anubhAga ko lekara hI karma udaya meM AtA hai, jisase usakI cAritrika sAdhanA bar3hatI hI jAtI hai| isa prakAra kucha hI samayoM meM cAritramoha kA upazama aura pUrva krama se kSaya ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra cAritramoha kI sattA kA unmUlana ho jAne ke kAraNa vaha 'yathAkhyAtacAritra' nAma pAtA hai| arthAt-usakI samatA tathA prazamatA jaisI lakSita kI gaI thI, vaisI ho jAtI hai; kyoMki moha aura kSobha (rAga-dveSa) hI jJAna, darzana aura zakti ko AcchAdita karate the, unakA abhAva ho jAne se jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa tathA antarAya, ye tInoM ghAtiyA prakRtiyA~ bhI unakA sAtha chor3ane ke lie bAdhya ho jAtI haiN| phalasvarUpa vaha (AtmA) anantajJAna, anantadarzana, ananta Atmika sukha aura ananta Atmazakti kA dhanI sarvajJa, sarvadraSTA aura sarvasamartha ho jAtA hai| yahI hai -usakI arhanta avsthaa| isa avasthA meM vaha zarIrayukta hote hue bhI jIvanmukta vItarAga paramAtmA bana jAtA hai|' ghAtIkarma samUla naSTa ho jAne para isa prakAra ghAtIkarma samUla naSTa ho jAne se vaha (AtmA) kevalajJAnakevaladarzanadhAraka arahanta kevalI bana jAtA hai| kevalajJAna-kevaladarzana ke prabhAva se vaha atIta, vartamAna aura bhaviSyatkAlIna sarvabhAvoM ko jAnatAdekhatA hai| aghAtI karma : prabhAva aura kArya .. yadyapi videhamukta hone meM cAra aghAtIkarma zeSa raha jAte haiN| jaba taka zarIra hai, Ayu hai, tathA kucha karmoM kA bhoganA bAkI hai, taba taka zarIra se sambandhita vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura gotra, ina cAroM aghAtI karmoM kI 1. karmasiddhAnta (jinendra varNI) pR. 168 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #601
karmoM ke do kula : ghAti aura aghAti kula 579 sattA abhI taka banI rahatI hai| vaha samUla naSTa nahIM huI hai| parantu mohanIya karma ke kSaya ke kAraNa jalI huI rassI ke baTa kI taraha ye cAroM aghAtI karma niSphala ho jAte haiN| zarIra, Ayu aura bhoga ko banAye rakhanA hI unakA kArya raha jAtA hai| aisI AtmA sukha - duHkha meM pUrNa samabhAva meM sthita rahatI hai| naye karmoM kA bandhana ekadama ruka jAtA hai, purAne cAra karmoM ke jitane paramANu zeSa rahate haiM, ve bhI kramazaH kSINa hote jAte haiM / ataH arhat-avasthA ko prApta jIvanmukta vaha sazarIra vItarAga paramAtmA jaba taka AyuSya pUrNa nahIM hotI taba taka bhavya jIvoM ke kalyANArtha divyadezanA detA huA sthAna-sthAna para vihAra karatA rahatA hai| AyuSyakarma ke antima kSaNoM meM vaha mana-vacana-kAya tInoM yogoM (pravRttiyoM) kA nirodha karake niSkampanizcala zailezI avasthA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| phalataH cAroM aghAtiyA karma bhI vAyu-vega se ur3ane vAle sUkhe pattoM kI taraha nau do gyAraha ho jAte haiN| aghAtI karma kA sarvathA unmUlana ho jAne para 1 isa prakAra aghAtI karmoM kA sarvathA unmUlana hote hI vaha kevalajJAnI vItarAga sadeha-mukta aba videMha mukta ho jAtA hai| arthAt-vaha AThoM hI karmoM se, samasta duHkhoM se tathA janma, jarA, maraNa, vyAdhi, zarIra Adi se mukta, siddha, buddha ho jAtA hai| zarIra ke chUTate hI vaha aSTavidha karmoM se sarvathA mukta hokara AtmA ke Urdhvagamana svabhAva ke kAraNa adhyAtmaloka ke sarvoccazikhara (loka ke agrabhAga - lokAnta) para pahu~ca jAtA hai| aura vahA~ mokSa dhAma - siddhAlaya meM jA virAjatA hai / mokSa kA artha hI hai-karma ke sAtha hue sambandha se AtmA kI sarvathA mukti - AtmA kA sadA ke lie karmoM se chuttkaaraa| karmoM ke kAraNa hI unakA janma maraNAdi rUpa bAhya tathA yoga- kaSAya Adi Abhyantara saMsAra se sambandha rahatA thA, parantu aba karmoM se sarvathA rahita ho jAne se saMsAra se unakA koI sambandha nahIM rhtaa| janma, jarA, mRtyu, Adhi, vyAdhi, upAdhi tathA saMsAra kI mohamAyA evaM punaH AvAgamana se ve rahita ho jAte haiN| inake kAraNoM kA abhAva ho jAne se aba unheM zarIra dhAraNa karane ko avakAza nahIM rhtaa| jIvana kA lakSya siddha ho jAne tathA kRtakRtya ho jAne se ve siddha ho ge| aisI sthiti meM siddha paramAtmA apane zuddha AtmasvabhAva meM ramaNa karate haiM, apane AtmaguNoM meM lIna rahate haiM / pUrvakAla meM bhI aise ananta siddha paramAtmA ho gae, vartamAna meM bhI hote haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI aise ananta siddha paramAtmA hote raheMge / 2 1. karmasiddhAnta (jinendra varNI) se bhAvAMza pR. 139 2. (ka) vahI, pR. 139 (kha) jainadRSTie karma vicAra (DaoN. motIcaMda) se pR. 182 For Personal & Private Use Only

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580 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . . mumukSu AtmAoM kA lakSya : ghAtI-aghAtI karmoM kA kSaya karanA vastutaH jainadharma kA Adarza evaM caramalakSya karmoM se sarvathA mukti prApta karanA hai| samasta mumukSu AtmAe~ mokSaprApti ke lie apanI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA tathA samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra-tapa kI ArAdhanA karatI haiN| unake lie yaha Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki vaha AtmA ke ananta-catuSTayarUpa mUla guNoM tathA usake pratijIvI guNoM kI ghAta karane vAle ghAtI-aghAtIkula ke karmoM ko bhalIbhA~ti jAna leM tathA AtmA kI svAbhAvika dazA ke vikAsa meM - bAdhaka ghAtI-kula ke karmoM aura unake bandha ke kAraNoM kI chAnabIna karake apramatta hokara unake bandha se pUrNatayA sAvadhAna rheN| sAtha hI, aisI karaNI yA aisA satpuruSArtha kareM, jisase zarIrAdi nirmANakArI tathA bhautika upalabdhikArI aghAtI karmoM se pUrNatayA mukta hokara mokSadhAma prApta kara skeN| jahA~ se saMsAra meM punaH AvAgamana na ho, aura AtmA apane anantajJAna-anantadarzana, anantasukha, anantazakti rUpa maulika guNoM meM pUrNatayA lIna ho jaae| For Personal & Private Use Only

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13 karma ke kAlakRta trividha rUpa kAlakRta karma : traikAlika rUpa meM karma cAhe bhalA ho yA burA, isa janma meM kiyA huA ho, yA pUrvajanma meM yA usase bhI kaI pUrvajanmoM pahale kiyA huA ho, athavA isa janma meM bhI dina, rAta, saptAha, pakSa, mAsa yA varSa athavA kaI varSa pahale kiyA huA ho, vaha karma hai, karma kA hI eka kAlakRta rUpa hai; usakA phala yA to dera sabera se bhoganA par3atA hai; yA phala dene se pUrva usakA saMkramaNa, udIraNa, yA nirjaraNa na kiyA gayA ho to azubha rUpa meM athavA zubhakarma azubharUpa meM, vaha phala detA hai athavA kSINa hokara vaha zuddha karma bana jAtA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki pravAharUpa se anAdi karma janma-janmAntara meM, athavA eka janma meM bhI vividha rUpoM tathA vibhinna kAlakRta pariNamanoM ke rUpoM meM pratyeka sAMsArika prANI ke sAtha baddha hotA hai, saMcita (sattA meM) rahatA hai, aura samaya Ane para phala bhoga karAne ke lie udyata hotA hai| isa prakAra hama karma ko 'anekarUparUpAya' kaheM to koI atyukti nhiiN| karma kI trikAlakRta gatividhi ko jAnanA - samajhanA ati kaThina kaI bAra manuSya isa bhrama meM rahatA hai ki "maiM abhI to dhana, vaibhava, aizvarya evaM sukha-sAdhanoM se sampanna huuN| mere pIche koI bhI karma nahIM hai / karma aba merA kyA kareMge? unhoMne aba merA pIchA chor3a diyA hai| maiM sukhI aura svataMtra hU~, sAMsArika padArthoM kA manacAhA upabhoga kara sakatA huuN| " parantu jo karma pracchanna rUpa se usakI AtmA ke sAtha saMlagna hokara soyA par3A thA, vahI saMcita karma udaya meM Akara phala dene ke lie udyata hotA hai| prArabdha ke rUpa meM vahI karma vyakta-sA hokara kisI bhI rUpa meM duHkha, saMkaTa, vipatti aura upadrava karatA hai taba usakI pUrvokta andhazraddhA aura bhrAnti ko hilA detA hai| use usa samaya taka yaha patA hI nahIM calatA ki yaha karma kisa samaya mere jIvana rUpI kaiseTa ke Tepa para kampana ke rUpa meM aMkita huA thA, aura 581 For Personal & Private Use Only

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582 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) kaba taka yaha saMcita hokara sattA meM par3A rahA aura usakI kAlAvadhi pUrNa hote hI ekadama se vaha prakaTa-sA hokara kaise phala dene lagA ? sacamuca, karma kI isa trikAlakRta gatividhi ko pahacAnanA, samajhanA aura usake gaNitIya niyama ko hRdayaMgama kara lenA bahuta hI kaThina hai| 'karma kA traikAlika rUpa : Agama aura gItA meM isI tathya ko sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM anAvRta karate hue kahA gayA hai"pahale (atIta meM) jaisA bhI jo kucha karma kiyA gayA hai, (saMcita huA yA sattA meM par3A huA) vaha karma bhaviSya meM usI rUpa meM upasthita hotA hai / " bhagavadgItA meM bhI isakA rahasya prakaTa karate hue kahA gayA hai"(divya vaibhava evaM sukha bhogoM meM lIna) ve deva bhI, vizAla svargaloka ke sukhoM kA upabhoga karane ke bAda saMcita puNya karmoM ke kSINa ho jAne para (prArabdhavaza) punaH svakarmAnusAra martyaloka meM Akara janma lete haiM / " 2. karma kA traikAlika rUpa samajhanA atyAvazyaka isa prakAra jaina aura vaidika karmamarmajJoM ne karma ke trikAlavartI aneka rUpa-svarUpa kA vibhinna dRSTiyoM se yukti, zruti aura anubhUti ke AdhAra para vizleSaNa kiyA hai| saMsAra meM karma ke isa trikAlavartI sArvabhauma sarvaprANigata svarUpa ko tathA vibhinna rUpoM meM pariNata hone ke usake aTala gaNitIya niyama ko pratyeka jijJAsu aura mumukSu ko samajhanA bahuta hI Avazyaka hai| jainakarma-vaijJAnikoM ne vibhinna pahaluoM se karma ke lakSaNa, svarUpa aura rUpoM kA varNana kiyA hai| sAtha hI unhoMne karma ke vibhinna rUpoM kI apekSA sAMsArika AtmAoM kI vibhinna avasthAoM kA bhI sarala evaM spaSTa vizleSaNa kiyA hai| d pratyeka darzana meM karma kI kAlakRta tIna avasthAe~ jaina-karmamarmajJoM ne pratyeka karma kI kAlakRta tIna avasthAe~ mAnI haiMbadhyamAna, sat aura udIyamAna / inheM hI ve kramazaH bandha, sattA aura udaya kahate haiN| anya dArzanikoM aura dharmoM ne bhI ina tIna kAlakRta avasthAoM kA bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se prarUpaNa kiyA hai / vedAnta Adi vaidika darzanoM meM 'bandha' ko 'kriyamANa', 'sattA' ko 'saMcita' aura 'udaya' ko 'prArabdha' kahA gayA hai| 1. "jaM jArisaM puvvamakAsi kamma, tameva Agacchati saMparAe / " 2. "te taM bhuktvA svargalokaM vizAlaM, kSINe puNye martyalokaM vizanti / " -sUtrakRtAMga, 1/5/2/23 - bhagavadgItA a. 9, zlo. 21 3. (ka) karmagrantha bhAga 1 prastAvanA (marudhara kesarI mizrImala jI ma.) se pR. 63 (kha) karmagrantha bhA. 2 prastAvanA (marudhara kesarI mizrImalajI ma.) se pR. 22 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma ke kAlakRta trividha rUpa 583 pAtaMjala yoga-darzana meM bhI karma ke kAlakRta tIna rUpa-jAti, Ayu aura bhoga, isa tIna nAmoM se batAe gaye haiN| vAstava meM ye karma-vipAka ke tIna prakAra haiN| karmoM ke bandha, sattA aura udaya ke antargata saMkhyAtIta prazna aura samAdhAna jainakarmamarmajJoM ne badhyamAna, sat aura udIyamAna ina tIna kAlakRta karmoM ke vividha avAntara praznoM ko bhI samAhita kiyA hai| AtmA ke sAtha karma kaba aura kaise baMdhate haiM ? usake kAraNa kyA haiM ? kisa kAraNa se karma meM bAMdhane kI tathA phala bhugavAne kI kaisI zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai yA ho rahI hai ? AtmA ke sAtha kisa karma kA sambandha kama se kama aura adhika se adhika kitane samaya taka rahatA hai ? kisa baddha karma kI kama se kama aura adhika se adhika kitanI kAla-sImA hai ? kauna-sA karma kitane samaya taka phala dene meM samartha rahatA hai ? karma ke phala dene kA niyata samaya badalA bhI jA sakatA hai yA nahIM? yadi badalA jA sakatA hai to usake lie kaise Atma-pariNAma Avazyaka haiM ? badhyamAna evaM baddha tathA sattA meM sthita (saMcita) karmoM kI tIvratA ko vartamAna tathA bhaviSya meM mandatA meM, tathA mandatA ko tIvratA meM athavA zubhakarmoM ko azubharUpa meM evaM azubhakarmoM ko zubharUpa meM pariNata kaise, kina AtmapariNAmoM se aura kaba taka pariNata kiyA jA sakatA hai ? karmabandha se AtmA kaba baddha hotA hai, ora kaba aura kaise usakI muktadazA hotI hai ? karma kI bandhakAlIna tIvra-manda zaktiyA~ kisa prakAra badalI jA sakatI haiM ? pIche se vipAka (phala) dene vAlA karma pahale hI kaba aura kisa prakAra bhogA jA sakatA hai ? kitanA bhI prabala karma ho, usakA vipAka kaba aura kaise zuddha Atmika pariNAmoM se rokA jA sakatA hai ? aura kisI samaya lAkha prayatna karane para bhI karma kA phala binA bhoge kyoM nahIM chUTatA ? AtmA kaba aura kisa apekSA se karma kA kartA aura bhoktA hai, aura kaba aura kisa apekSA se vaha karma kA kartA-bhoktA nahIM hai ? saMklezarUpa pariNAma apanI AkarSaNa zakti se kaba aura kaise eka prakAra kI sUkSmarajaH-paTala AtmA para DAla dete haiM ? aura kaba AtmA apanI vIrya zakti ke prakaTIkaraNa dvArA isa sUkSmarajaH-paTala ko dUra pheMka detI hai ? . svabhAvataH zuddha AtmA bhI karma ke prabhAva se kaba aura kisa-kisa prakAra malina-sI dIkhatI hai ? hajAroM bAhya AvaraNoM ke hone para AtmA 1. (ka) karmagrantha bhAga 2, prastAvanA (marudhara kesarI mizrImala jI ma.) pR. 22 (kha) satimUle tadvipAko jaatyaayurbhogaaH| -yogadarzana 2/13 For Personal & Private Use Only

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584 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) apane zuddha svarUpa se kyoM nahIM cyuta hotI hai? vaha apanI utkrAnti ke samaya pUrvabaddha tIvra karmoM ko bhI kaise haTA detI hai ? vaha apane zuddha Atma(paramAtma) bhAva ko dekhane hetu jisa samaya udyata hotI hai, usa samaya usake aura antarAya karma ke bIca kaisA dvandva-yuddha hotA hai ? anta meM, anantazaktimAn AtmA kaba aura kaise pariNAmoM se balavAn karmoM ko nirbala karake sva-pragatimArga ko niSkaNTaka banA letI hai? Atmamandira meM virAjamAna paramAtmadeva kA sAkSAtkAra karAne meM prabala sahAyaka apUrvakaraNa aura anivRttikaraNa rUpa pariNAma kaba hote haiM aura unakA kyA svarUpa hai ? jIva apanI zuddha pariNatirUpa taraMgamAlA se karmaparvatoM ko kaba aura kisa prakAra cUra-cUra kara DAlatA hai ? gulAMTa khAye hue karma, jo kucha dera ke lie dabe rahate haiM, UvArohaNazIla AtmA ko kaba, kaise aura kitane kAla taka nIce paTaka dete haiM ? kauna-kauna-se karma bandha evaM udaya kI apekSA se paraspara virodhI haiM ? kisa karma kA bandha va udaya kisa avasthA meM niyata (avazyambhAvI) aura kisa avasthA meM aniyata hai ? kisa karma kA vipAka kisa samaya taka kisa avasthA meM niyata aura kisa avasthA aura samaya meM aniyata hai| tathA Atma-sambaddha atIndriya karma kisa prakAra kI AkarSaNazakti se aura kaba sthUla pudgaloM ko khIMcatA hai, aura unake dvArA zarIra, indriyA~, mana, sUkSma (tejasa-kArmaNa) zarIra kA nirmANa kaba kiyA karatA hai ? ye aura isa prakAra ke karmoM ke bandha, udaye aura sattA se sambandhita saMkhyAtIta prazna uThate haiN| jinakA sayuktika, anubhavagamya, vizada evaM sapramANa spaSTIkaraNa jaina karmavijJAna vizArada manISiyoM ne kiyA hai|' phaladAna kI dRSTi se jaina aura vaidika paramparA meM kAlakRta tIna bheda dUsarI dRSTi se dekheM to sAmAnyatayA phaladAna kI dRSTi se karmoM ke kAlakRta ye tIna bheda kiye gae haiN| jainadarzana ke badhyamAna, sat aura udIyamAna karma ko hI vaidika paramparA meM kriyamANa, saMcita aura prArabdha kahA gayA hai| saMcita karma aura sattA-sthita karma kisI prANI ke dvArA isa kSaNa taka kiye gaye samasta karma, cAhe isa janma meM kiye hoM, yA pUrvajanma meM kiye hoM, saMcita karma kahalAte haiN| saMcita 1. (ka) karmagrantha bhA. 1 prastAvanA (marudhara kesarI mizrImalajI ma.) se pR. 63-64 (kha) karmagrantha bhA. 2 prastAvanA (marudhara kesarI mizrImalajI ma.) se pR. 22-23 2. paMcama karmagrantha prastAvanA (paM. phUlacandra jI jaina) se pR. 19 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma ke kAlakRta trividha rUpa 585 karma yA sattArUpa karma, ve hI hote haiM, jinakA phala milanA abhI prArambha nahIM huA hai| adhikAMza karma karane ke bAda yA baMdhane ke bAda tatkAla phala nahIM dete| jainadarzana meM usa-usa karma kI jaghanya aura utkRSTa sthiti (kAlAvadhi) batAI gaI hai| isa prakAra karma ke sattA meM (saMcita) rahane kI kAlAvadhi ko 'abAdhAkAla' kahate haiN| karma baMdhane ke bAda jaba taka phaladAna ke sammukha nahIM ho jAte, taba taka ve usa-usa karmakartA jIva ko tatkAla koI bAdhA, pIr3A, kaSTa yA sukha-duHkha yA hAni-lAbha nahIM phuNcaate| vaidika dRSTi se kriyamANa karma kA svarUpa jo karma vartamAna meM kiye jAte haiM, ve kriyamANa karma kahalAte haiN| subaha se zAma taka, somavAra se ravivAra taka, mahIne kI pahalI tArIkha se antima tArIkha taka, caitra sudI ekama se agalI caitravadI amAvasa taka; saMkSepa meM, janma se lekara mRtyu-paryanta prANI jo-jo karma karatA hai, vaha saba kriyamANa karma kahalAtA hai| ise vizeSa spaSTarUpa se kaheM to janma se lekara mRtyu taka jo-jo kriyA vartamAna meM kI jA rahI hai, cAhe vaha zArIrika ho yA mAnasika, kriyamANa karma kI koTi meM AtI hai| vaidika paramparAnusAra kriyamANa karma prAyaH phala dekara hI zAnta hotA hai| jaise ki-kisI ko pyAsa lgii| usane pAnI pIne kA karma kiyaa| pyAsa miTa gii| basa, karma phala dekara zAnta ho gyaa| isI prakAra bhUkha lagI, bhojana karane kA karma kiyA, bhUkha miTa gii| kriyamANa karma apanA phala dekara zAnta hotA hai| jainadRSTi se badhyamAna aura vaidika dRSTi se kriyamANa meM antara parantu jainadarzana meM pratyeka kriyA karma kI paribhASA meM parigaNita nahIM hotii| karma kI paribhASA meM ve hI kriyamANa Adi trividha kAlakRta karma parigaNita hote haiM, jo rAga-dveSa yA kaSAya se prerita hokara kiye gae haiN| badhyamAna karma hI yahA~ kriyamANa rUpa meM samajhane caahie| kriyamANa karma kaba saMcita, kaba kriyamANa ? kaI kriyamANa karma aise hote haiM, ki karma karane ke sAtha tatkAla phala nahIM dete| unakA phala milane meM amuka samaya lagatA hai| una karmoM kA phala pakane meM dera lagatI hai; taba taka ve apakva rahate haiN| jaba taka karmaphala nahIM de dete, taba taka ve sTaoNka meM jamA yAnI saMcita rahate haiN| unheM saMcita karma 1. (ka) paMcama karmagrantha prastAvanA (paM. phUlacanda jaina) pR. 19 ___ (kha) jainadarzana meM AtmavicAra (DaoN. lAlacandra jaina) se pR. 198 2. karmano siddhAnta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara) se pR. 3 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #608
586 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) kahate haiN| isI saMcitakarma ko naiyAyika - vaizeSika 'adRSTa' aura mImAMsaka 'apUrva' kahate haiN| ina nAmoM ke par3ane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki jisa samaya karma yA kriyA kI jAtI hai, usI samaya ke lie vaha dRzya (dRSTa) rahatI hai, usa samaya ke bIta jAne para vaha kriyA svarUpataH zeSa (dRSTa) nahIM rahatI, kintu usakI sUkSma, ataeva adRSya arthAt apUrva aura vilakSaNa pariNAma hI bAkI raha jAte haiN| una saba saMcita karmoM ko ekadama bhoganA asambhava hai; kyoMki inake pariNAmoM se kucha paraspara virodhI bhale-bure donoM prakAra ke (svargapradanarakaprada) phala dene vAle ho sakate haiM / " udAhAraNArtha-eka vidyArthI vArSika parIkSA detA hai| parIkSA praznapatra kA uttara uttarapustikA meM likhane ke bAda turaMta usakA parIkSAphala nahIM mila jAtA / parIkSAphala eka-Der3ha mahIne bAda prakAzita hotA hai| kisI ne subaha julAba liyA / kintu tatkAla zauca na lagakara lagabhaga 4 ghaMTe bAda lagatI hai| kisI ne kisI ko gAlI dI, usane 10 dina bAda maukA dekhakara gAlI dene vAle ke mu~ha para tamAcA jar3a diyaa| kisI ne apanI javAnI meM apane mAtA-pitA ko kaSTa diyA, usa samaya ta usakA phala nahIM milA; saMbhava hai usakI vRddhAvasthA meM usakA putra use duHkhI krde| kisI vyakti ne isa janma meM saMgItakalA kI upAsanA kI, AgAmI janma meM bacapana se hI vaha saMgItavidyA meM nipuNa ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra kitane hI kriyamANa karma tatkAla phala nahIM dete, kAla pakane para hI ve phala dete haiM, taba taka saMcita karma ke rUpa meM jamA par3e rahate haiN| kRSivijJAnavizAradoM kA anubhava hai ki bAjarI kI phasala 90 dina meM aura gehU~ kI 120 dina meM pakatI hai / Ama 5 varSa bAda phala detA hai| jisa prakAra kA kriyamANa karma kA bIja hotA hai, use usI prakAra phalitaparipakva hone meM nyUnAdhika samaya lagatA hai| ' saMcita aura kriyamANa karma, eka-dUsare se anusyUta saMcita aura kriyamANa karma paraspara eka dUsare se anusyUta haiN| mAnalo, kisI ne Aja sAre dina meM 1000 kriyamANa karma kiye| unameM se nau sau kriyamANa karma aise the, jo tatkAla phala dekara zAnta ho gae, sirpha 100 karma aise the, jinheM phala dene meM dera lagI / ataH ve karma saMcita hokara jamA ho ge| AgAmI kala ko dUsare 125 karma saMcita hue| parasoM unameM se 75 karma 1. paMcama karmagrantha kI prastAvanA (paM. phUlacaMda jaina siddhAntazAstrI) se pR. 19 2. karmano siddhAnta pR. 4 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #609
karma ke kAlakRta trividha rUpa 587 phala dekara zAnta ho ge| cauthe dina phira dUsare 80 karma saMcitarUpa meM jamA ho gae / yo ghaTAbar3hI karate-karate mAnalo, eka saptAha ke anta meM 300 aura mahIne ke anta meM 1100 tathA varSa ke anta meM 14000 karma saMcitarUpa meM jamA ho ge| isa prakAra jamA hote-hote isa jIvana ke anta taka mAno 8 lAkha karma saMcita ho gae, phira dUsare janma ke anta meM inake atirikta 7 lAkha karma aura jamA ho ge| aneka janmoM ke saMcita karma phalabhoga ke sammukha hone para hI phala dekara chUTate haiM isa prakAra saMcita karmoM kI pratyeka jIvana kI gaNanA karate-karate ananta-ananta janmoM ke pratyeka saMsArI jIva ke saMcita karmoM kI jor3a asaMkhya aura ananta taka pahu~ca jAtI hai / yoM eka jIva ke pIche itane saMcita karmoM ke Dhera jamA par3e haiM ki unheM ikaTThe kiye jAe~ to agaNita himAlaya parvata khar3e ho jaaeN| ina samasta saMcita karmoM ko isa janma meM, athavA isake pazcAt AgAmI aneka janmoM meM (jaba taka karmoM se jIva sarvathA mukta na ho jAe taba taka) cAhe jaba koI karma phalabhoga ke lie paripakva ho jAe, aura una karmoM kA phalabhoga kiyA jAe, tabhI ve zAnta hote haiM, chUTate haiN| jaba taka unheM bhogA nahIM jAtA, taba taka zAnta nahIM hote / ' rAjA dazaratha ko tInoM kAlakRta karmoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A vaidika purANoM ke 'AkhyAna ke anusAra rAjA dazaratha ke hAtha se zravaNakumAra kA vadha ho gayA aura apane putra ke viyoga se saMtapta usake mAtA-pitA ne marate-marate rAjA dazaratha ko zApa diyA ki "terI mRtyu bhI tere putra ke viraha se hI hogii|" parantu rAjA dazaratha kA yaha kriyamANa karma tatkAla phala kaise de detA ? kyoMki usa samaya rAjA dazaratha ke eka bhI putra nahIM thaa| isalie yaha kriyamANa karmaphala dekara turaMta zAnta na ho skaa| vaha saMcita karma rUpa meM jamA rhaa| kAlAntara meM rAjA dazaratha ke cAra putra hue| ve bar3e hue| cAroM kA vivAha kiyaa| aura jaba sabase jyeSTha putra rAma ke rAjyAbhiSeka kA dina AyA, taba vaha saMcita karma phala dene hetu tatpara huaa| aura aise zubha avasara para rAjA dazaratha ko vaha saMcitakarma putra- virahaM ke nimitta se mRtyu ke rUpa phala prApta karA kara hI zAnta huaa-chuuttaa| phira usameM eka ghar3I bhara kA bhI vilamba nahIM kiyA jA skaa| isa prakAra eka janma meM karma ke kAlakRta tInoM rUpa kramazaH abhivyakta hue| pahale 'kriyamANa,' phira 'saMcita' aura anta meM 'prArabdha' karma kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| 1. karmano siddhAnta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara) se pR. 4-5 2. (ka) 'rAmAyaNa' se (kha) karmano siddhAnta se pR. 5 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #610
588 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) jaba dhRtarASTra rAjA ke prAkRta karma udaya meM Ae dhRtarASTra rAjA ke eka sau putra eka sAtha hI mara gaye, taba unhoMne karmayogI bha. zrIkRSNa se pUchA ki "maiMne apane jIvana meM koI aisA bhayaMkara pApa nahIM kiyA jisake phalasvarUpa mere sau putra eka sAtha mara jaaeN|" isa para karmayogI zrIkRSNa ne apanI yogamAyA se dhRtarASTra ko apane pichale janma dekhane kI divyadRSTi dii| usake dvArA usane dekhA ki karIba 50 janma pahale vaha eka pAradhI thA / usane eka vRkSa para baiThe hue pakSiyoM ko pakar3ane ke lie jalatI huI jAla usa vRkSa para phaiMkI / usase bacane ke lie kaI pakSI ur3a gae, kintu usa jalatI huI jAla kI garmI se ve aMdhe ho gae aura bAkI ke sau choTe pakSI jala kara khAka ho ge| yaha kriyamANa karma pacAsa janmoM taka binA phala diye saMcita rUpa meM par3A rhaa| aura jaba dhRtarASTra rAjA ke anya sabhI puNyoM ke phalasvarUpa use isa janma meM sau putra prApta hue; taba vahI saMcita karma phala dene ke lie tatpara huaa| isI kAraNa prArabdha phala ke rUpa meM use isa janma meM aMdhatva prApta huA aura usake eka sau putra mAre ge| Azaya yaha hai ki pacAsa janma ke pazcAt bhI dhRtarASTra ke dvArA kiye hue kriyamANa karma ne usakA piNDa nahIM chodd'aa| use sau putra prApta hone. jitanA puNya upArjita ho, taba taka vaha (kriyamANa) karma pratIkSA karake baiThA rhaa| arthAt - saMcita karma ke rUpa meM jamA par3A rhaa| aura jaba pUrA avasara AyA, tabhI tatkAla jarA bhI vilamba kiye binA phala dekara zAnta ho gayA / " kriyamANa karma tatkAla phala kyoM nahIM dete ? jisa prakAra kisI vyakti ne kisI manuSya ko 500=00 ru. karja diye / samaya pUrA ho jAne para vaha usase 500=00 ru. mAMgane jAe, usa `samaya vaha rupaye adA karane se sApha inkAra kara de, to sAhUkAra ukta karjadAra para dIvAnI korTa meM dAvA karatA hai| korTa usake khilApha 500=00 ru. vasUla karane kA hukmanAmA nikAlatA hai| sarakArI belIpha vAraMTa lekara ukta karjadAra ke pAsa pahu~catA hai / kintu karjadAra ke pAsa usa samaya RNa cukAne ke lie paisA hI na ho to belIpha hukmanAmA kA vAraNTa lekara usase RNa-vasUlI kaise kara sakatA hai ? kucha varSoM ke pazcAt ukta karjadAra koI anya vyavasAya karake lagabhaga eka hajAra rupayA kamA letA hai to turaMta belIpha hukmanAmA kA vAraMTa lekara usake pAsa pahu~ca jAtA hai aura 1. karmano siddhAnta meM uddhRta AkhyAna se pR. 6 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #611
karma ke kAlakRta trividha rUpa 589 pA~ca sau rupaye vasUla kara hI letA hai| phira vaha kisI bhI taraha use chor3atA nhiiN| yahI bAta kriyamANa karma ke sambandha meM smjhie| jisa kriyamANa karma kA phala tatkAla nahIM milatA; vaha karma saMcita rUpa meM jamA par3A rahatA hai| aura bhaviSya meM jaba bhI ThIka maukA milatA hai, usa samaya vaha pakakara udaya meM AtA hai, yAnI phala dene hetu tatpara hotA hai, aura phala dekara hI zAnta hotA hai|' isa prakAra jo kriyamANa karma turaMta phala dekara zAnta nahIM hote, ve saMcita karma kahalAte haiN| prArabdha karma : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa jina saMcita karmoM kA phala milanA prArambha ho gayA hai, ve prArabdha karma kahalAte haiN| arthAt-jo saMcitakarma pakaMkara phala dene hetu taiyAra ho jAte haiM, ve prArabdha karma kahe jAte haiN| isa prakAra pUrvabaddha karma ke do bhAga ho jAte haiM-jo bhAga apanA phala denA prArambha kara detA hai, vaha prArabdha (Arabdha) karma kahalAtA hai aura zeSa bhAga jisakA phala bhoga prArambha nahIM huA hai, anArabdha (saMcita) kahalAtA hai| arthAt-saMcita karma ke jisa bhAga kA phalabhoga zurU ho jAtA hai, use hI prArabdha karma kahate haiN| saMcita karmoM ke asaMkhya karor3a himAlaya-parvata jitane Dhera pratyeka jIva ke pIche jamA par3e hote haiM, unameM se jo saMcita karma pakakara phala dene ko udyata ho jAte haiM, ve prArabdha karma kI koTi meM parigaNita hote haiN| una prArabdha karmoM ko bhogane ke liye tadanurUpa zarIra jIva ko prApta hotA hai aura usa zarIra ke vidyamAna kAla ke daurAna prArabdhakarma bhogane ke pazcAt hI vaha zarIra chUTatA hai| yadyapi ukta prArabdhakarma ke phalabhoga ke anurUpa zarIra ke sAtha-sAtha tadanukUla Arogya, patnI, putrAdi tathA sukha-duHkha Adi usI jIvitakAla ke daurAna jIva ko A milate haiM aura una prArabdha karmoM ko pUre-pUre bhoge binA usa zarIra se chuTakArA nahIM hotaa| prArabdha karma pUrNatayA bhoge binA nahIM chUTate kisI-kisI ko bur3hApe meM lakavA mAra jAtA hai aura vaha daza-daza varSa taka rugNazayyA para par3e-par3e sar3atA rahatA hai| bhagavAn se vaha prArthanA karatA. hai-"prbho| kaba isa bImArI se merA chuTakArA hogA ? kaba mere prANa 1. karmano siddhAnta meM uddhRta AkhyAna se, pR. 6-7 2. (ka) jainadarzana meM AtmavicAra (DaoN. lAlacandra jaina) pR. 198 (kha) karmano siddhAnta (zrI hIrAbhAI Thakkara) se pR. 7 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #612
590 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . . nikaleMge? aba to zIghra hI mujhe utthaale|" parantu yoM aneka bAra rocillAkara prArthanA karane ke bAvajUda bhI jahA~ taka prArabdha karma pUrNatayA bhoga nahIM letA, taba taka tana, prANa aura roga nahIM chuuttte| prArabdha karmoM kA phala bhoga kara samApta ho jAne para hI zAnti milatI hai| __phira jo dUsare saMcita karma pakakara phala dene ke lie taiyAra hote haiM, jIva una prArabdha karmoM ke phala-bhoga ke anurUpa dUsarA zarIra dhAraNa kara letA hai aura use tadanurUpa mAtA-pitA, strI-putra Adi milate haiM aura ukta jIvana-kAla ke daurAna usa jIvana meM bhogane ke tamAma prArabdhakarma bhoMgane para hI chuTakArA milatA hai| isa prakAra kabhI-kabhI prArabdha karma ke phalasvarUpa jIva bAra-bAra janma-maraNa ke cakra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai| . . uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI batAyA gayA hai ki AyukSaya hone para ve diva). - vahA~ se lauTate haiM aura manuSya yoni ko prApta karate haiM, jahA~ ve Arya kSetra, uttamagRha, pazu, svarNa Adi dazAMga kAmabhoga sAmagrI se yukta hote haiN|" ye saba prArabdha ke phala haiN| saMcita karma prArabdha ke rUpa meM kaba taka? isa prakAra anAdikAla se aneka janma-janmAntara meM jamA hue saMcita karma pakakara phala dene hetu prArabdha karma ke rUpa meM jyoM-jyoM taiyAra hote jAte haiM, tyoM-tyoM vaha jIva anantakAla taka bhinna-bhinna zarIra (karmAnurUpa) dhAraNa karatA hI rahatA hai| aura use taba taka deha dhAraNa karane par3ate haiM, jaba taka vaha karmoM se sarvathA mukta hokara mokSa prApta na kara le| trividhakAlakRta karmoM se chuTakArA pAye binA mokSa nahIM yahI kAraNa hai ki ina kAlakRta trividhakarmoM se zIghra chuTakArA nahIM hone ke kAraNa hI saMsAra-sAgara ko pAra karanA dustara batAte hue zaMkarAcArya ne kahA-"isa jIva kA punaH-punaH janma aura punaH punaH maraNa, tathA punaH punaH mAtA ke udara meM zayana, hone ke kAraNa hI isa saMsAra-sAgara ko pAra karanA dustara hai| he muraare| kRpA karake isa janma-maraNa ke cakra se mujhe bcaaiye|" saMsAra-sAgara dustara kyoM? Azaya yaha hai ki jIva aneka yoniyoM meM janma letA hI rahatA hai, aura naye-naye kriyamANa karma bhI karatA hI rahatA hai| unameM se aneka karma saMcita rUpa meM jamA hote rahate haiN| ve saMcitakarma amuka kAla ke pazcAt 1. (ka) karmano siddhAnta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara) se pR. 7 (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 3 gA. 16-17-18 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #613
karma ke kAlakRta trividha rUpa 591 pakakara phala dene hetu prArabdha ke rUpa meM jIva ke samakSa Akara khar3e rahate haiM aura anantakAla taka jIva ko ina karmoM se mukta nahIM hone dete| isIlie saMsAra-sAgara ko dustara kahA gayA hai|' kAlakRta karmoM kA yaha cakra anantakAla taka calatA hai karmoM kA yaha roTezana (Rotation) ananta-ananta janmoM taka calatA rahatA hai| kriyamANa se saMcita aura saMcita se prArabdha ke rUpa meM pariNata hokara vibhinna rUpoM meM ananta kAla taka pravAha rUpa se karmoM kI avicchinnatA calatI rahatI hai| lokamAnya tilaka ne kriyamANa karma ke bheda ko ThIka nahIM maanaa| ve likhate haiM ki kriyamANa kA artha hai-jo karma abhI ho rahA hai, athavA jo karma abhI kiyA jA rahA hai, parantu vartamAna samaya meM hama jo karate haiM, vaha prArabdha karma kA hI pariNAma hai| vedAntasUtra meM karma ke prArabdhakArya aura anArabdha kArya ye do bheda hI kiye gae haiN|2 tInoM kAlakRta karmoM kA phala kisI na kisI rUpa meM bhoganA par3atA hai ... kriyamANa arthAt-badhyamAna karma kA bhI phala bhoge binA chuTakArA nahIM hotaa| hA~, jainakarmavijJAna kI dRSTi se itanA jarUra hai ki jaba taka sattA meM par3A huA (saMcita) karma udayonmukha (phala dene hetu taiyAra) nahIM hotA, taba taka unheM (nikAcita rUpa meM na baMdhe hoM to) azubha se zubha meM, yA zubha se azubha meM bhI pariNata kiyA jA sakatA hai| tathaiva phala dene se pahale hI udIraNA karake phala bhogakara unheM kSINa kiyA jA sakatA hai| . phira bhI kriyamANa se saMcita meM cale jAne para bhI, athavA kriyamANa se sIdhA prArabdha meM calA gayA hai, taba bhI phala to avazyameva bhoganA par3atA hai| bhale hI tyAga, tapa, saMyama Adi se azubhaphala zubhaphala ke rUpa meM pariNata. ho jAe, athavA pazcAttApa, prAyazcitta Adi kAraNoM se bRhattama ke badale alpatama azubhaM phala bhoganA pdd'e| parantu yaha bAta prAyaH nizcita hai ki jo karma kiyA hai, arthAt rAga-dveSAdiyukta hokara karma bAMdhA hai, to samajha lo usakA phala bhogane se chaTaka nahIM skte| azubha karmaphala se 1. (ka) karmano siddhAnta se pR.8 (kha) punarapi jananaM punarapi maraNaM punarapi jananI jaThare shynm| . iha saMsAre khalu dustAre kRpayA pari pAhi muraare|| -zaMkarAcArya 2. (ka) gItArahasya (lo. tilaka) se pR. 272 (kha) vedAntasUtra 4/1/15 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #614
592 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . .. bacane ke lie manuSya cAhe jitanA paira pachAr3e, cAhe jitanI uThA-paTaka karale, phala bhugavAe binA vaha karma zAnta nahIM hogaa| ... karma manuSya ke pIche-pIche parachAI kI taraha calatA, rahatA hai| phala bhugavAkara hI chor3atA hai| kadAcit manuSya adhika buddhizAlI ho to catura vakIla rakhakara isa duniyA~ kI korTa se chUTa jAe, yAnI daNDarUpa phala se baca jaae| kintu sarvopari (suprIma) korTa = karma prakRti ke korTa se to kataI chuTa nahIM sktaa| vahA~ kisI bhI vakIla kI dalIla yA kisI bar3e AdamI kI siphAriza nahIM cltii| karma ke korTa meM kisI nyAyAdhIza ko rizvata denA, kisI jhUThe gavAha ko khar3A karanA, ityAdi tikar3amabAjI nahIM cltii| kadAcit kisI vyakti kA puNya prabala ho athavA kriyamANa karma ko pakane-phalapradAna karane meM abhI dera ho, isa kAraNa usa daurAna aparAdhayukta kriyamANa pApakarma karane para bhI jagat kI dRSTi meM aparAdhI siddha na ho, phira bhI saMcita hue ve (pUrvakRta kriyamANa) karma maukA Ane para pakakara prArabdha ke rUpa meM upasthita hokara sAmane A dhamakate haiM aura phala bhugavA kara hI zAnta hote haiN|' prArabdha karma ko ha~sate-ha~sate bhoga lo / ataH karma karane se pUrva hajAra bAra soca lenA caahie| parantu karma ho jAne ke pazcAt unake phala bhoga se bacane yA chUTane ke lie vyartha kI daur3a-dhUpa yA uThA-paTaka nahIM karanI caahie| jaba ve kriyamANa karma pakakara prArabdha ke rUpa meM sAmane Ae~, taba sInA tAna kara unheM saharSa apanA lenA aura bhoga lenA caahie| anyathA, ha~sate-ha~sate kiye (bAMdhe) hue ve pApakarma (phala) rote-rote bhI bhogane hI pdd'eNgeN| rAjA parIkSita ne azubha prArabdha ko svayameva bhoga kara mukti pAI __ yadyapi rAjA parIkSita mahAjJAnI, vidvAn aura saMskArI thaa| phira bhI usase eka mahAn pApa (kama) ho gyaa| krodhAveza meM Akara usane eka marA huA sAMpa eka nirdoSa niraparAdha RSi ke gale meM lipaTA diyA thaa| rAjA ghara aayaa| usakA krodha zAnta huaa| use apanA duSkRtya dhyAna meM A gyaa| aura usakI antarAtmA pazcAttApapUrvaka pukAra utthii-aho| maiMne anArya ke samAna bhaMyakara adhama pApakarma kara ddaalaa| gupta tejasvI niraparAdha brAhmaNa ke prati maiMne kitanA anyAya kara ddaalaa|" 2 1. (ka) karmagranya bhA. 5 prastAvanA se pR. 19 __(kha) karmano siddhAnta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara) se pR. 11 2. (ka) vahI, pR. 11 (kha) aho mayA nIcamanAryavat kRtm| nirAgasi brahmaNi guuddhtejsi|| -mahAbhArata (vyAsa jI) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #615
karma ke kAlakRta trividha rUpa 593 "mere dvArA kiye hue kriyamANa karma ke phalasvarUpa mere pApa ke nAza ke liye mujhe zIghra hI kaThora daNDa mile, jisase bhaviSya meM maiM punaH aisA adhama duSkRtya na kara sakU~ aura na hI mere udAharaNa ko lekara koI zAsaka aisA nIca kRtya kre|" "aura mujhe apane aparAdha ke badale meM aisI sajA mile ki usa brAhmaNa RSi kI kopAgni meM merA samagra rAjya, bala (sainya), samRddhi, koza (rAjya kA khajAnA) Adi tatkAla jala kara khAka ho jaae| tAki mujhe brAhmaNa, devatA aura gAya Adi ke prati aisI kubuddhi kabhI na suujhe|"1 isa prakAra rAjA parIkSita svayaM apane viruddha aparAdha kA abhiyoga lagAkara usakI sajA (zikSA yA daNDa) kI mA~ga kara rahA hai| usane karma ke phala se chUTane ke lie kisI prakAra kI siphAriza kA, sattA ke ahaMkAra kA, apane raktasambandha kA kathamapi upayoga nahIM kiyaa| kyoMki vaha jAnatA thA ki agara inakA upayoma kiyA jAegA to bhI prArabdhakoTi kA karma phalapradAna kiye binA chor3egA nhiiN| ukta kriyamANa azubha karma ke phalasvarUpa takSaka nAga (sapa) ke kATane se mRtyu pAne kA prArabdha rAjA parIkSita ke lie nirmita huaa| parantu isa kaTuphalabhoga se chaTakane ke lie usane kisI prakAra kI siphAriza kA athavA apanI sattA kA jarA bhI upayoga karane kA prayAsa nahIM kiyaa| .usane usa samaya ke zaktizAlI tathA bhagavAn ke rUpa meM mAnya karmayogI kRSNa se bhI prArthanA nahIM kI ki "bhagavAn kRSNa! merA dAdA arjuna aura Apa (zrI kRSNa) donoM sage mAmA-bhuA ke putra-bhAI the, tathA Apa donoM sAlA-bahanoI bhI hote the| usa dRSTi se Apa mere atyanta nikaTa sambandhI hote haiN| tathA merA dAdA arjuna bhI ApakA paramapriya bhakta thaa| usake ratha ke kuzala sArathi bhI Apa bane the| aura svayaM merI bhI rakSA Apane garbhavAsa meM kI thii| ataH sarvazaktimAna haiN| isalie ApakI siphAriza se tathA prabhAva se mujhe apane aparAdha kI sajA (zikSA) na mile, aisI kRpA kro| phira jiMdagI meM merA yaha pahalA hI aparAdha hai| bhaviSya meM maiM aisA aparAdha kadApi nahIM karU~gA, aisI zapatha letA huuN| mujhe kama se kama itane samaya lie isa aparAdha kI sajA se barI kara do to, Apa kaheMge usa mada meM utanI apAra dhana rAzi maiM vyaya kara dUMgA, Apa prasanna hoM, utanA dharmAdA maiM nikAla duuNgaa|" 1. dhruvaM tato me kRtadeva-helanAt, duratyayaM vyasanaM naatidiirghaat| tadastu kAmaM tvadhaviSkRtAya me yathA na kuryA punrevmddhaa| adyaiva rAjyaM bala mRddhakozaM prkopitaa-brhm-phlaanlome| dahatu hyabhadrasya punarname'bhUt pApIyasI dhIH dvij-dev-gobhyH| -mahAbhArata For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #616
594 karma - vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) bhagavAn ke samakSa aisI siphAriza yA rizvatakhorI karma ke aTala kAnUna (niyama) ke amala meM nahIM cltii| mAnA ki parIkSita bar3A rAjA thaa| usake rAjya kI suprIma korTa bhI use sajA pharamA nahIM sakatI thI / phira bhI usane ina sabakA Azraya lekara apane kaThora kriyamANa karma ke prArabdha ke phala (mRtyudaNDa) se bacane kI icchA nahIM kI, balki apane viruddha svayaM ne hI aparAdha kA Aropa lagAyA aura kaThora sajA kI mA~ga kii| yahI kAraNa hai ki parIkSita ne apane kriyamANa karma kA phala = prArabdha svayaM ne svIkAra karake bhoga liyA jisase vaha karma- mukta huA / ' saMcita karma tatkAla phala na de, isalie nizcinta mata hoA kaI loga saMcita rUpa meM sattA meM par3e hue kriyamANa karma ke tatkAla phala-pradAna na karane ke kAraNa nizciMta ho jAte haiM aura anyAnya pApakarma bedhar3aka hokara karate jAte haiM / parantu jaba unakA vaha kriyamANa saMcita karma prArabdha ke rUpa meM phala- pradAna karane ke lie tatpara hotA hai, taba vaha usake kaThora daNDarUpa phala se kisI bhI hAlata meM baca nahIM skte| eka jvalanta ghaTanA : prArabdha karma kI vicitratA kI 'karmano siddhAnta' ke vidvAn pravaktA zrI hIrAbhAI Thakkara ne isa sambandha meM eka saccI ghaTanA prastuta kI hai - varSoM pahale kI bAta hai| usa samaya ahamadAbAda meM eka prakhara vidvAn sezana jaja the| jAti se ve nAgara brAhmaNa aura custa vedAntI the / ve karma ke kAnUna Thosa adhyetA the| sAbaramatI nadI ke pAsa hI unakA baMgalA thaa| eka dina bhora meM halke andhere meM hI ve zaucakriyA ke lie sAbaramatI nadI ke kinAre baiThe; tabhI eka manuSya daur3atA daur3atA unake pAsa se hokara gujraa| usakI pITha meM pIche se Akara kisI manuSya ne talavAra kA prahAra kiyaa| phalataH vaha ghAyala hokara dhar3Ama se dharatI para gira par3A aura tatkAla maraNa-zaraNa ho gyaa| isa ghaTanA ko sezana jaja ne apanI A~khoM se pratyakSa dekhaa| hatyArA bhAga gayA; kintu jaja ne use bhalIbhA~ti pahacAna liyA thaa| sezana jaja ghara aae| parantu isa ghaTanA kA jikra unhoMne kisI ke Age nahIM kiyA, kyoMki ve jAnate the ki yaha hatyA kA mAmalA, anta meM to unakI korTa meM Ane hI vAlA hai / phira usa kesa kI pulisa inkvAyarI zurU huii| chaha mahIne meM pUrI inkvAyarI pUrNa huii| hatyA kA kesa dAkhila kiyaa| sezana jaja ne isa kesa kA adhyayana kiyA to pratIta huA ki jo asalI hatyArA thA, jise unhoMne pratyakSa hatyA karate dekhA thA, usake badale pulisa 1. 'karmano siddhAnta' se pR. 11-12 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #617
karma ke kAlakRta trividha rUpa 595 ne dUsare hI kisI manuSya ko hatyA ke aparAdhI ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA hai / phira to kesa claa| Thosa sAkSI aura pramANa diye gae, aura vaha nakalI hatyArA aparAdhI siddha huA / sezana jaja nizcitarUpa se jAnate the ki yaha nakalI hatyA aparAdhI vAstava meM hatyArA nahIM hai / parantu kAnUna to sabUta aura sAkSI ke AdhAra para calatA hai| ataH nyAyAdhIza ko kAyade ke anusAra pramANa aura sAkSI ke AdhAra para nyAya (jajameMTa) denA hI par3atA hai| usameM nyAyAdhIza kA apanA pratyakSa anubhava kAma nahIM aataa| isalie sezanajaja ko usa nakalI hatyA - aparAdhI ko phAMsI kI sajA pharamAne ke lie bAdhya honA par3a rahA thA / sezana jaja prakhara vedAntI aura IzvarIya karma ke kAnUna ke pakke vizvAsI the| unheM lagA ki isa kesa meM asalI hatyArA baca rahA hai aura nirdoSa nakalI hatyArA mArA jaaegaa| isalie korTa meM hatyA kI sajA kA hukma pharamAne se pahale sezana jaja ne usa nakalI hatyA aparAdhI ko apane cembara meM bulAkara pUchatAcha kii| nakalI aparAdhI rote-rote kahane lagA- "maiM bilakula nirdoSa huuN| maiMne yaha hatyA nahIM kI hai| maiM vyartha hI mArA jA rahA huuN| kyoMki pulisa ko asalI hatyArA milA nahIM, isalie pahale ke mere vyaktigata (Private) kAranAmoM ke AdhAra para pulisa ne mujhe pakar3akara mere viruddha Thosa pramANa prastuta kara diye aura korTa kI dRSTi meM kAnUna ke anusAra maiM hI hatyArA bhI siddha ho gayA huuN| "" . sezana jaja ne kahA- "maiM isa ghaTanA ko bhalIbhA~ti jAnatA huuN| asalI hatyAre ko maiMne apanI A~khoM se dekhA hai| maiM use pahacAnatA bhI hU~ aura tU nirdoSa hai yaha bhI maiM pUrA jAnatA hU~ / parantu mere jajameMTa (phaisale) meM maiM isa bAta ko kAnUna ke anusAra lA nahIM sakatA / kAnUna pramANa ke AdhAra para calatA hai| aura pramANa pUrNarUpa se tumhAre virUddha hone se maiM kAnUna ke anusAra tujhe hatyArA siddha karake phAMsI kI sajA dU~gA / parantu IzvarIya karma ke kAnUna meM kahIM gaphalata to nahIM hai, isakI pratIti karane hetu maiM tujhase prAiveTa meM eka prazna pUchatA huuN| usakA jabAba tU mujhe sahI-sahI aura saccA denaa| mRtyu kI ghar3I meM tU bilakula jhUTha mata bolanA / merA savAla yaha hai ki " tUne kisI samaya kisI kI hatyA kI thI kyA ? " nakalI hatyA - aparAdhI ne gadgada svara meM Izvara kI sAkSI se satya kaha diyA ki maiMne bhUtakAla meM do hatyAe~ kI thiiN| unake kesa (abhiyoga) 1. karmano siddhAnta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara) se pR. 9-10 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #618
596. karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) bhI cale the| parantu donoM hI vakta maiMne hoziyAra vakIla niyukta kiye the aura pulisa vibhAga meM bhI paryApta dhanarAzi luTAI thii| isa kAraNa donoM kesoM meM maiM bilakula nirdoSa chUTa gyaa| parantu isa kesa meM maiM bilakula nirdoSa hote hue bhI mArA jA rahA huuN|" sezana jaja ko usakI bAta sunate hI IzvarIya karmatattva ke prAkRtika kAnUna para pratIti ho gaI ki vaha aTala hai| usameM kahIM gaphalata nahIM hai| pahalI do hatyAoM ke samaya isa hatyA-aparAdhI kA.puNya prabala hogA, isa kAraNa isake una do kriyamANa karmoM ko phala dene meM dera lagI; ve donoM pApa karma' saMcita ke rUpa meM jamA rhe| aba jabaki isako puNya samApta ho gayA, taba pichale kriyamANa hatyArUpa do karmoM ke phalasvarUpa ve saMcita karma pake aura phala dene hetu tatpara hue| arthAt-ve saMcita karma pakakara prArabdha ke rUpa meM upasthita hue| isa kesa meM nirdoSa hone para bhI prArabdha ne use cakkara meM le liyA aura phAMsI ke takhte para car3hA diyaa| kevala prArabdha ko yA kevala kriyamANa ko dekhakara hI jhaTa nirNaya na karo / isalie saMcita rUpa meM jamA kriyamANa karma maukA Ate hI pakakara prArabdha hokara sAmane A hI dhamakate haiM aura phala dekara hI zAnta hote haiN| karma ke isa traikAlika rUpa ko nahIM jAnakara jo vyakti kevala kriyamANa ko hI jAnatA hai athavA kevala prArabdha ko dekhakara hI usake samasta jIvana yA vyaktitva kA nirNaya kara letA hai, aisA vyakti karmavijJAna ke sarvAMgINa rUpa ko bhalIbhA~ti hRdayaMgama nahIM kara paataa| jo vyakti karma ke kevala vartamAna prArabdha rUpa ko hI dekhatA hai, vaha tyAga, tapa, nyAya, nIti aura dharma ke anusAra calane vAle ko duHkhita-pIr3ita tathA anyAya, anIti, . adharma aura pApa ke patha para calane vAle ko sukhI, sampanna aura dhanika dekhatA hai, to karma ke aTala niyama-'yAdRkukaraNa tAdRgbharaNa 'jaisI karanI vaisI bharanI' ke viSaya meM usakI zraddhA DagamagA jAtI hai| isI prakAra jo vyakti kevala prArambhakAlika yA bhUtakAlika kriyamANa karma ko hI dekhakara yaha soca letA hai ki isa zubhakarma kA phala to abhI milA nahIM hai, na mAlUma kaba milegA ? athavA maiMne jo hiMsA Adi pApakarma kiyA hai, usakA phala abhI to milA nahIM hai, bhaviSya meM bhI zAyada hI mile| 1. karmano siddhAnta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara) se pR. 10 2. teNe jahA saMdhimuhe gahIe, sakammuNA kiccai paavkaarii| evaM payA pecca ihaM ca loe, kaDANa kammANa na mokkha atyi| -uttarAdhyayana 4/3 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #619
karma ke kAlakRta trividha rUpa 597 __ aise zAzvatavAdI, vyakti saMcita karma ko A~khoM se ojhala kara dete haiM aura jo puNyakarmaparAyaNa hote haiM, ve zubhakAryoM se bilakula udAsIna evaM vimukha ho jAte haiM, tathaiva jo pApakarma-parAyaNa hote haiM, ve azubhakAryoMduSkRtyoM ko bedhar3aka karate cale jAte haiN| kintu bhaviSya meM jaba ve zubhAzubha karma prArabdha ke rUpa meM udaya meM Akara phala dene ko tatpara hote haiM, taba unake pazcAttApa, duHkha, ghabar3AhaTa, bhaya aura AMtaka kI koI sImA nahIM rhtii| isIlie jainakarmavaijJAnikoM ne karma ke traikAlika rUpa ko jAnanemAnane kI pratyeka jijJAsu aura mumukSu ko cetAvanI dI hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM isakA sundara DhaMga se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| vartamAna meM pApI sukhI, dharmI duHkhI : kyoM aura kaise ? saca to yaha hai ki jo manuSya vartamAna meM pApakarma karatA huA bhI sukha bhogatA mAlUma hotA hai, to vaha sukha usake vartamAnakRta pApakarmoM kA phala nahIM hai, parantu usake dvArA pahale kiye hue karma, jo saMcitarUpa meM jamA par3e the, ve hI pakakara prArabdharUpa meM use sukharUpa phala pradAna karate haiN| aura vartamAna meM kiye jA rahe pApakarma jahA~ taka saMcita raheMge, prArabdharUpa meM phala dene hetu tatpara nahIM hoMge, vahA~ taka unake phala pAne meM vilamba hogaa| parantu jaba usake pUrvakRta puNya karmoM se nirmita prArabdha samApta ho jAegA ki turaMta hI usake vartamAnakRta pApakarmoM kA pakA huA duHkharUpa phala prArabdha ke rUpa meM sAmane Akara use bhugvaaegaa| jahA~ taka pUrvakRta puNya prabala haiM, vahA~ taka prAyaH vartamAnakRta pApakarma usa para hamalA nahIM krte| eka gujarAtI kavi ne kahA hai __ "puNya pUrvenu khAtA, hamaNA sUjhe che tophaan| paNa e kharcI khUTe ke Agala, vasamu che maidaan|| jiivdd'aa| mAna mAna re mAna; hajIe kema na Ave zAna?" - isake viparIta jo vyakti vartamAna nyAya, nIti aura dharma kA AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha kadAcit duHkhI dikhAI de, parantu usakA vartamAna duHkha usake dvArA pUrvakRta pApakarma ke kAraNa hai| jo saMcita rUpa meM jamA the, ve hI pakakara aba prArabdha rUpa meM sAmane upasthita haiN| unhIM ke kAraNa vaha vartamAna meM duHkhI hai| vartamAna meM nyAya-nIti aura dharmAcaraNa ke rUpa meM kRta zubhakarma kAlAntara meM pakeMge, taba ve sukha ke rUpa meM prArabdha rUpa meM avazyameva phalita 1. sa puvvamevaM na labhejja pacchA; esovamA saasivaaiyaannN| visIyai siDhile Auyami, kAlovaNIe sarIrassa bhee| -uttarAdhyayana 4/9 For Personal & Private Use Only

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598 karma - vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) hoNge| isalie karma ke aTala niyama-kAnUna para se zraddhA ko DagamagAkara adharma yA pApa kA AcaraNa karanA kathamapi hitAvaha nahIM hai / " trividha kAlakRta karma ko samajhAne hetu dRSTAnta zrI hIrAbhAI Thakkara ne kriyamANa, saMcita aura prArabdha karma ko saralatA se samajhAne ke lie eka rUpaka diyA hai - gA~voM meM anAja bhara kara saMgraha karane ke lie bar3I-bar3I koThiyA~ hotI haiM, unameM anAja andara DAlA jAtA hai| koThI ke nicale bhAga meM eka cheda rakhA jAtA hai, usake dvArA koThI meM se jarUrata ke mutAbika anAja nikAlA jAtA hai| mAnalo, tumhArI koThI meM gehU~ bharA huA hai aura merI koThI meM bharA huA hai - kodravadhAnya / yadi tuma philahAla apanI koThI meM Upara kodrava DAlo to bhI koThI ke nicale chidra meM se gehU~ hI nikalegA aura maiM yadi philahAla apanI koThI meM Upara se gehU~ DAlU~ to bhI merI koThI ke nicale chidra meM se kodrava hI nikalegA; kyoMki nicale bhAga meM bhare hue kodrava pUrNatayA khatma nahIM hue haiN| parantu mujhe yaha dekhakara ghabarAnA nahIM cAhie ki maiM vartamAna meM acchA dhAnya DAla rahA hU~, phira burA dhAnya kyoM nikala rahA hai ? kAraNa spaSTa haiM, koThI meM pahale kA DAlA huA burA dhAnya jaba taka pUrA khatma nahIM hogA, taba taka usameM bAda meM DAlA huA acchA dhAnya kahA~ se nikalegA ? parantu mujhe yaha jAnakara prasannatA honI cAhie ki jaba merI koThI meM pahale ke saMcita kodrava dhAnya samApta ho jAegA, taba mere dvArA vartamAna meM DAle hue gehU~ ke Ane kI zuruAta hogI hI / aura jaba tumhArI koThI meM pahale ke saMcita gehU~ khatma ho jAe~ge, taba bAda meM tumheM kodrava khAne kA vakta AegA hI yaha nizcita hai| ataH jaba tuma kodrava khAoge, taba maiM gehU~ khAU~gA / yahI bAta karma ke sambandha meM kahI jA sakatI hai| jo pApakarmakArI vyakti vartamAna meM sukha bhoga kara rahA hai, vaha puNya samApta hote hI vartamAna pApa ke phalasvarUpa duHkhabhoga karane lagegA; aura jo puNyakarmakArI vyakti vartamAna meM duHkhabhoga kara rahA hai, vaha pUrvakRta pApa ke samApta hote hI vartamAna puNya ke phalasvarUpa sukhabhoga karane lgegaa| ataH dhairyapUrvaka karma ke aTala kAnUna para vizvAsa rakhanA caahie| mAna lo, eka baiMka mainejara ApakA nikaTa kA sambandhI hai| usake sAtha ApakA bahuta hI madhura sambandha hai / phira bhI usa baiMka meM Apake 1. karmano siddhAnta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara) se bhAvAMza uddhRta, pR. 13-14 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma ke kAlakRta trividha rUpa 599 ekAuMTa meM baileMsa nahIM hogA to Apa pA~ca rupaye kA caika bhI usa baiMka meM bhejeMge, to vaha nahIM svIkAregA aura ApakI usa baiMka mainejara ke sAtha kaTTara duzmanI ho to bhI ApakA hajAroM rupayoM kA caika vaha svIkAra kara legA; kyoMki baiMka ke ekAuMTa meM ApakI bahuta bar3I rakama saMcita rUpa meM baileMsa meM jamA par3I hai| ata. baiMka mainejara ke isa prakAra ke vyavahAra se Apako burA nahIM mAnanA cAhie apitu kamara kasakara Apako baiMka meM apane ekAuMTa meM adhikAdhika rakama jamA karAnI caahie| isI prakAra karma kI baiMka meM bhI vartamAna meM pApI ke bhI pUrvasaMcita puNya dhana jamA haiM, to use saba kAryoM meM saphalatA milegI aura vartamAna meM puNyazAlI ke yadi pUrvasaMcita pApa jamA haiM to use viphalatA milegii| isalie karma ke isa niSpakSa kAnUna aura yathAyoga phalapradAna se nArAja na hokara adhikAdhika puNya karmoM ko saMcita karanA caahie|' tInoM guNoM vAle vyaktiyoM kI kriyamANa karma karane kI paddhati gItA meM satvaguNI, rajoguNI aura tamoguNI jIvoM kI kriyamANa karma karane kI paddhati kA pRthak-pRthak digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| karma kA phala to tInoM hI prakAra ke jIvoM ko nizcita hI milane vAlA hai| parantu satvaguNI jIva kahatA hai-"maiM karma (kartavyakama) karU~gA, phala mile yA na mile," rajoguNI jIva kahatA hai-"maiM karma (kartavyakama) karU~gA, kintu phala nahIM chodduuNgaa|" aura tamoguNI jIva kahatA hai-"phala nahIM milegA, vahA~ taka maiM karma nahIM kruuNgaa|" zrI hIrAbhAI dvArA isa sambandha meM eka rUpaka dvArA isa prakAra spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai eka manuSya kA putra akasmAt rAta ke bAraha baje bImAra pdd'aa| vaha AdhI rAta ko. DaoNkTara ko bulAne gyaa| DaoNkTara satvaguNI thaa| usane gAr3hanidrA se jAgakara jAnA ki usa vyakti kA putra sacamuca sakhta bImAra hai| to vaha turaMta iMjekzana aura davAiyoM kA bega lekara rogI ko dekhane hetu jAne ko taiyAra ho gyaa| usa vyakti ne jaba DaoNkTara ko vijiTa phIsa ke bAre meM pUchA to ukta satvaguNI DaoNkTara ne kahA-vijiTa phIsa kI bAta bAda meM, pahale mujhe tumhAre putra kA roga miTAne do| yadyapi vijiTa phIsa to use milegI hI, parantu usakI vRtti, pravRtti aura vANI yaha hogI-"vijiTa phIsa mile yA na mile, maiM to roga mittaauuNgaa|" 1. karmano siddhAnta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara) se sAbhAra anUdita pR. 14-15 For Personal & Private Use Only

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600 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virATa svarUpa (3) DaoNkTara agara rajoguNI huA to usakI vRtti, pravRtti aura vANI isa prakAra kI hogI- "maiM roga miTAU~gA, magara merI vijiTa phIsa dasa rupaye dene pdd'eNge|" parantu DaoNkTara yadi tamoguNI hai to vaha yahI kahegA-"pahale merI vijiTa phIsa dasa rupaye rakha do, bAda meM maiM rogI ko dekhane aauuNgaa|" prastuta tInoM prakAra ke DaoNkTaroM ko vijiTa phIsa to milegI hI, parantu tInoM kI kriyamANa karma karane kI paddhati evaM vRtti tathA vANI meM antara hai| bImAra putra ke pitA ke Antarika bhAva meM bhI tInoM prakAra ke DaoNkTaroM ko phIsa dete samaya bhI tIna prakAra ke manobhAva hoNge|' kriyamANa karma karate samaya sAvadhAna raho jo kriyamANa karma jitane aura jisa vRtti-vANI pUrvaka kiye jAte haiM, utanA aura usI kisma ke prArabdha kA nirmANa hotA hai| aura utanA hI prArabdha phala milatA hai, nyUnAdhika nhiiN| janmagrahaNa karate samaya jitane saMcita karma pakakara phala dene hetu prArabdharUpa meM nirmita hue hoM, utane hI prArabdhakarma kA phalabhoga karAne hetu tadanusAra zarIra tathA mAtA-pitA, strI-putrAdi bhI vaise prArabdha ko bhugavAne ke lie prApta hote haiN| sabhI sukha-suvidhAe~ yA sukha-duHkha ke nimitta bhI prArabdhavazAt manuSya ko apane jIvana kAla ke daurAna milate jAte haiN| ataH manuSya ko apane kriyamANa karma karate samaya pUrA sAvadhAna rahanA cAhie, kyoMki jaise kriyamANa karma kiye hoMge, ve saMcita hokara yA saMcita na hokara jaba pakeMge, to jaisA aura jitanA prArabdha-nirmANa huA hogA, usase jarA bhI kama yA adhika use nahIM milegaa|2 jainadRSTi se prArabdha bhI badalA jA sakatA hai . zubhakarmoM kA phala sadaiva sukharUpa aura azubhakarmoM kA duHkharUpa hI hotA hai, isameM zaMkA ko koI avakAza nahIM hai| jaisA kriyamANa karma hotA hai, vaisA hI saMcita hotA hai, aura jaisA saMcita hotA hai, vaisA hI prArabdha hotA hai| parantu jainakarmavijJAna ke anusAra saMcita se prArabdha kI bhUmikA para Ane se pUrva taka yadi vyakti ukta karma kA saMkramaNa, nirjaraNa yA udIraNa kara letA hai to prArabdha meM parivartana bhI ho jAtA hai| parantu isa tathya ko na samajhane ke kAraNa hI bahuta-se vyakti prArabdha ke hI bharose hAtha para hAtha dharakara, AlasI banakara baiTha jAte haiM; karmoM kA saMkramaNa, nirjaraNa yA udIraNa Adi karane kA koI bhI puruSArtha nahIM krte| 1. karmano siddhAnta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara) se sAbhAra anUdita pR. 18, 16 2. isake liye dekheM-karmano siddhAnta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara) pR. 19 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma ke kAlakRta trividha rUpa 601 kaTTara prArabdhavAdI puruSArthahIna ho jAte haiM kaI kaTTara prArabdhavAdI yoM mAnane lagate haiM ki manuSya ko kucha bhI satpuruSArtha karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, prArabdha meM jo kucha hogA, vahI milegaa| parIkSA meM pAsa honA hogA to pAsa ho jAe~ge, anyathA cAhe jitanI mehanata karaleM, agara prArabdha meM anuttIrNa hone kA hogA to anuttIrNa hI hoNge| ataH par3hane-likhane kA nAhaka kaSTa kyoM uThAyA jAe ? aisI bhrAnti ke zikAra hokara kaI ekAnta prArabdhavAdI vidyArthI parIkSA kA pariNAma prArabdha yA bhagavAn para chor3akara AlasI banakara baiTha jAte haiN| aise mUrkha prArabdhavAdI puruSArtha kA artha aura rahasya bilakula samajhe nahIM haiN| kahA~ prArabdha ko lagAnA cAhie aura kahA~ puruSArtha ko? isakA viveka jise nahIM hai, vaha na to prArabdha ko sudhAra pAtA hai aura na hI prArabdha ke bharose baiThA rahakara satpuruSArtha karatA hai| laukika dRSTi se prArabdha aura puruSArtha kA tAlamela __prArabdha aura puruSArtha kA samanvaya laukika dRSTi se batAte hue zrI hIrAbhAI Thakkara kahate haiM-naukarI milanA, prArabdha hai; parantu naukarI ko vaphAdArI aura ImAnadArI se TikAye rakhanA puruSArtha hai| baMgalA milanA prArabdha hai, para use sApha-sutharA evaM vyavasthita rakhanA puruSArtha hai| paisA milanA prArabdha, aura usakA sadupayoga karanA puruSArtha hai| putra milanA prArabdha hai, parantu use zikSita aura saMskArI, dharmapriya banAnA puruSArtha hai| Azaya yaha hai ki jo kucha bhI jaise bhI sajIva-nirjIva padArtha yA sAdhana prArabdhavaza mileM, unakA vivekabuddhi se sadupayoga karanA puruSArtha hai| adharma, anIti yA pApa vAsanA se kiye hue puruSArtha se prApta dhana, putra, Adi padArtha anarthakara hI sAbita hote haiM, aura unase naye aniSTakara prArabdha kA bhI nirmANa hotA hai|2 . lokottara AdhyAtmika dRSTi se prArabdha se lAbha uThao, mokSa puruSArtha karo - lokottara AdhyAtmika dRSTi se prArabdha se prApta sAdhanoM evaM paristhitiyoM kA upayoga karane meM kaisA puruSArtha karanA cAhie, isa viSaya meM kucha saMketa sUtra ye haiM-paisA prApta ho to paisA hone kI paristhiti se lAbha uThAkara manuSya ko mokSa mArga para calane kA tathA paisA prApta na ho to paisA na hone kI paristhiti se lAbha uThAkara bhI mokSamArga para calane kA puruSArtha karanA caahie| patnI ho to patnI hone kI paristhiti kA lAbha uThAkara 30 karmano siddhAnta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara) pR. 22 31 vahI pR. 22 . . For Personal & Private Use Only

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602 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) mokSamArga para ArUr3ha hone kA tathA vidhura hone para vidhura hone kI paristhiti kA lAbha uThAkara anAyAsa hI mokSamArga para tIvragati se prayANa karane kA puruSArtha karanA caahie| saMkSepa meM, prArabdhavazAt zarIra, strI, putra, dhana Adi jaisA bhI, jo kucha bhI prApta ho, athavA na ho, to vaisI paristhiti kA lAbha uThAkara mokSamArga kI sAdhanA karane kA puruSArtha karanA caahie|' pratyeka paristhiti meM saMtoSapUrvaka puruSArtha kro| eka zloka meM pratyeka paristhiti meM saMtoSapUrvaka sat puruSArtha karane ke . . lie kahA gayA hai-"dUsaroM ko saMtapta evaM duHkhita kiye binA, nIca manuSyoM kI khuzAmada kiye vagaira tathA apanI AtmA ko kisI prakAra kA kleza= manastApa karAye binA, prArabdhavazAt jo kucha bhI thor3A-bahuta mile, usI meM saMtoSa karake satata satpuruSArtha karate rahanA caahie|"2 artha aura kAma prArabdha para chor3o, dharma, mokSa meM puruSArtha karo __ bhAratIya saMskRti meM mAnava-jIvana ke lie cAra puruSArtha batAe haiM- : dharma, artha, kAma aura mokss| RSi-maharSiyoM ne dharma-puruSArtha se prApta artha (jIvana jIne ke sAdhana-samUha) kA viveka-buddhipUrvaka upayogarUpa-puruSArtha mokSamArga meM karanA cAhie, yahI nIti batAI hai| arthAt artha aura kAma prArabdha para chor3a denA cAhie, unake lie puruSArtha karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM, jinake lie manuSya ko satata jAgrata rahakara. puruSArtha (kama) karanA cAhie ve haiM-dharma aura mokss| kintu vartamAnayuga meM artha aura kAma ko prArabdha para chor3a dene ke badale mAnava unake lie hI prAyaH aharniza adhikAdhika puruSArtha karatA hai| aura dharma evaM mokSa ko prArabdha para chor3a detA hai jisake kAraNa usake kriyamANa karma se jo prArabdha nirmita hotA hai, vaha duHkha, vipatti aura saMkaTa dene vAlA banatA hai| saccA zubha kriyamANa puruSArtha (kama) hI prArabdha banatA hai vastutaH dekhA jAe to manuSya Aja jo kriyamANa karma (puruSAtha) karatA hai, vahI 'saMcita' rUpa meM jamA hotA hai, aura kAlAntara meM usI kA paripAka hone para vaha 'prArabdha' banatA hai| isalie sacce mAne meM to puruSArtha hI kAlAntara meM prArabdha banatA hai| 1. karmano siddhAnta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara) se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 23 2. "akRtvA para-santApaM agatvA khlnmrtaam| aklezayitvA cAtmAnaM yatsvalpamapi tdbhu||" 3. 'karmano siddhAnta' se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 24 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma ke kAlakRta trividha rUpa 603 apane prArabdha kA nirmANa apane hAtha meM isIlie eka pAzcAtya vicAraka ne kahA hai"Man is the architectof his own fortune "manuSya apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA svayaM hI hai|" ise hI vaidika paramparA ke zabdoM meM kaheM to-manuSya apane prArabdha kA nirmANa apane vartamAna ke puruSArtha se svayameva kara sakatA hai| ataH saphala jIvanayAtrA ke lie svayaM satpuruSArtha karanA hI apane sadbhAgya, satprArabdha, puNya yA sukharUpa zubhaphala kA nirmANa karanA hai| aura zubhaprArabdha ke rUpa meM prApta sukha-sAdhanoM yA acche saMyogoM kA bhI dharma-mokSa kI prApti ke lie viveka-buddhipUrvaka upayoga evaM satpuruSArtha karanA caahie| mano'nukUla prArabdha karma ke lie kriyamANa meM sAvadhAna raho niSkarSa yaha hai ki prArabdha mano'nukUla prApta ho, sukharUpa phala mile, isake lie sarvaprathama tI kriyamANa karma karate samaya khUba vicAra aura viveka karanA caahie| mAnalo, pUrvajanma meM yA isa janma meM ajJAnatAvaza yA lAcArIvaza koI bhI duSkarma ho gayA hai to usakA phala prApta ho, usase pUrva hI, yAnI prArabdha ke rUpa meM vaha karma phala dene ke lie udyata ho (udaya meM Ae), usase pUrva hI samyakjJAna, samyagdarzana, samyakcAritra tathA samyaktapa kI ArAdhanA-sAdhanA bahuta zraddhA-vinaya-vivekapUrvaka karanI caahie| kriyamANa karma pAparUpa yA azubha ho gayA ho to bhI yadi manuSya usake lie AlocanA, nindanA (Atma-nindana, pazcAttApa), garhaNA (guru yA mahAn ke samakSa saralatA se prakaTIkaraNa), prAyazcitta (tapa, tyAga, vyutsarga Adi ke rUpa meM), vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, dharma-zukla dhyAna, anuprekSA evaM vrata-niyamAdi kA AcaraNa kare to usakA prArabdha phala dene se pUrva zubha ho sakatA hai| yahI saMcita (sattA meM par3e hue) azubha karmoM ko zubha yA zuddharUpa meM badalane kI cAbI hai| phira bhI yadi pUrvakRta kriyamANa karma, jo aba taka saMcita.the, prArabdharUpa meM Akara duHkharUpa phala pradAna karane lageM to unheM samabhAva se, anudvegapUrvaka, jJAnayoga dvArA bhoga lene se una karmoM se manuSya mukta ho sakatA hai| saMcita karmoM se chuTakArA kaise prApta ho ? __ bhagavadgItA meM batAyA gayA hai ki karmayoga dvArA kriyamANa karmoM para niyaMtraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, athavA unase chuTakArA bhI pAyA jA sakatA hai, tathaiva bhaktiyoga (samarpaNa-yoga) dvArA prArabdhakarma bhogakara unase chuTakArA pAyA jA sakatA hai| parantu saMcita (sattA meM par3e hue) karmoM se kaise chUTA jA sakatA hai ? yaha gambhIra prazna hai-mumukSu sAdhaka ke saamne| For Personal & Private Use Only

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604 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) kyoMki kriyamANa karma karane meM to mAnavamAtra svataMtra hai aura use niyaMtrita karanA usake hAtha kI bAta hai| prArabdha karma bhI usake samakSa Akara khar3e ho jAte haiM, unheM bhI manuSya cAhe to apane jIvanakAla ke daurAna samabhAva se athavA phalAkAMkSA, phalAsakti, kAmanA, vAsanA Adi se rahita hokara bhoge to samApta kara sakatA hai| parantu saMcita karma to abhI paripAka avasthA meM tathA phala dene ke lie taiyAra hue hI nahIM haiN| ve to pratyakSa sAmane Akara khar3e nahIM haiN| phira ve to atIta meM hue kriyamANa karma haiN| ye ve karma haiM jo ho gae haiM, unheM aba 'nahIM.. hue' kaise kiye jA sakate haiM ? jaise eka bAra chUTA huA tIra vApasa tarakaza meM nahIM A sakatA, eka bAra bolA huA vacana vApasa nahIM khIMcA jA sakatA, baMdUka meM se chUTI huI golI vApasa bandUka meM nahIM A sakatI, vaise hI eka bAra jo kriyamANa karma ho gayA, vaha abhI saMcitarUpa meM jamA par3A hai, vaha prArabdharUpa meM Akara sAmane khar3A nahIM huaa| tAki use samabhAva se bhogakara usase chuTakArA pAyA jA ske| aura phira saMcita karma bhI eka-do nahIM, eka dina, saptAha yA varSa ke nahIM kaI varSoM ke, kaI janmoM ke jatthe ke jatthe haiM, unase kaise chUTA jAe? kadAcit unameM se jo karma pakate jAe~ aura prArabdha koTi meM Ate jAe~, unheM bhogate jAe~ phira bhI unake sAtha-sAtha nae-nae asaMkhya kriyamANa karma bhI eka jIvana meM baMdhate jAte haiN| ve saMcita karma anantakAla taka jIva ko janma-maraNa ke cakkara meM bhramaNa karAte rahate haiN| aisI sthiti meM una ananta saMcita karmoM se vyakti kaise mukta ho sakatA hai ? sarva karmoM se mukta hue binA to mokSa ho nahIM sktaa| gItA aura vedAnta isakA samAdhAna isa prakAra karate haiM-aisI paristhiti meM bhI sAdhaka ko ghabarAne kI jarUrata nhiiN| usake mana meM tIvrazraddhA, tar3aphana aura mukti yA paramAtmatattva prApti kI adamya abhilASA (saMvega) honI caahie| jisa prakAra prakoSTha (kamare) meM vyApta saghana andhakAra ko prakAza kI kiraNa kSaNabhara meM miTA detI hai; ghAsa ke bar3e se bar3e Dhera ko eka hI diyAsalAI lagAkara thor3I hI dera meM jalAkara khAka kara diyA jAtA hai, vaise hI asaMkhya varSoM se ananta karmoM ke saMcita Dhera ko bhI jJAnarUpI agni bhasma kara DAlatI hai| meruparvata sama AkAra vAle pAparUpI parAla ke puMja ko kyA jJAna-darzana-cAritrAgni bhasma nahIM kara DAlatI? 1. karmano siddhAnta (hIrAbhAI Thakkara) se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 56-57 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma ke kAlakRta trividha rUpa 605 jaise karmayoga dvArA kriyamANa karmoM ko, aura bhaktiyoga dvArA prArabdha karmoM ko niyaMtrita kiyA jA sakatA hai, usI prakAra jJAnayoga dvArA anAdikAla se aneka janma-janmAntaroM se saMcita sarva karmoM ko bhasma kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra jJAna, karma evaM bhaktiyoga se jIvamAtra saMcita, kriyamANa aura prArabdha karmoM se mukta hokara nizcita hI mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai| jJAnAgni se saMcita Adi sabakarma naSTa ho jAte haiM bhagavadgItA meM isa viSaya meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai-jisa prakAra agni meM DAlI huI samasta prakAra kI moTI-patalI, sUkhI, gIlI, lambI-choTI lakar3iyA~ (IMdhana) bhasma ho jAtI haiM, usI prakAra jJAnAgni meM DAle hue sabhI prakAra ke zubha-azubha kriyamANa, prArabdha tathA saMcita sabhI karma jalakara bhasma ho jAte haiN| jJAnAgni prakaTa karane kA sabase AsAna tarIkA yaha hai ki jIva ko apane sva-svarUpa (Atma-svabhAva) kA yathArthajJAna honA hI jJAna kA prakaTIkaraNa hai| parantu jIva ko apane svarUpa kA yathArtha bhAna honA hI atyanta kaThina hai| ajJAna, moha, rAga-dveSa Adi aise vikAra haiM, jo AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa ko AvRta kiye hue haiN| AtmA ke zuddhasvarUpa kA jJAna, usa para pUrNazraddhA tathA ukta zuddhasvarUpa meM ramaNa ye hI nizcayadRSTi se samyarajJAna-darzana-cAritra haiN| ye hI vastutaH Atmadharma haiM, mokSamArga haiM; karmoM se sarvathA mukti dilAne vAle haiN| vastutaH jJAna hI AtmA kA maulika guNa hai, AtmA jJAnamaya hai| darzana aura cAritra bhI nizcayadRSTi se eka prakAra ke jJAna hI haiN| isI dRSTi se jJAnarUpI anala prakaTa ho jAe, AtmA meM prajvalitajAgrata evaM pUrNatayA prakAzita ho jAya to sAre karma, karma ke srota, karmabandha ke kAraNa evaM pUrvakRta karma kA saMcaya sabhI naSTa-bhraSTa evaM bhasmasAt ho jAte haiN| jisa prakAra svapnAvasthA meM prApta sukha-duHkha jAgrata avasthA meM mithyA ho jAte haiM, isI prakAra jAgrata avasthA meM prApta sukha-duHkhAdi bhI ajJAnI ko satya pratibhAsita hote haiM, kintu jJAnAvasthA meM svapna aura jAgrata avasthA meM pratibhAsita satya mithyA ho jAtA hai| kaI bAra bhramavaza .. 1. 'karmano siddhAnta' se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 58 2. "yathaidhAsi samiddho'gniH bhasmasAt kurute'rjuna!, jJAnAgniH sarvakarmANi bhasmasAt kurute tthaa||" -gItA a.4 zlo. 37 For Personal & Private Use Only

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606 : karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa, (3) andhavizvAsa, ajJAna evaM mithyA - AcaraNa ke cakkara meM par3e hue vyakti samyagjJAna ke udita hote hI ina sabako chor3a dete haiM, athavA ye saba chUTa jAte haiN| vaise hI AtmA ko apane jJAnamaya svabhAva kA samyakbhAna, vizvAsa evaM svarUpAcaraNarUpa AcaraNa ho jAe to samasta saMcita ghAtI karmoM se mukti ho sakatI hai| zeSa rahe saMcita aghAtIkarma bhI usI jIvanakAla meM zarIra chUTane ke sAtha hI chUTa jAte haiN| isa prakAra saMcita karmoM se bhI mukti prApta karanA kaThina nahIM hai / ' 1. 'karmano siddhAnta' se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 64 For Personal & Private Use Only

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14 karma kA sarvAMgINa aura pariSkRta svarUpa kyA karmarUpI mahAsamudra kI thAha lenA atIva kaThina hai ? agAdha jala se paripUrNa mahAsamudra kI thAha lenA atyanta kaThinatama kArya hai| sAmAnya vyakti se kahA jAe to vaha samudra kI vizAlatA aura agAdhatA kA mApa nahIM kara sakatA, na hI vaha zabdoM se bhI usakA Akalana kara skegaa| parantu Ajakala ke katipaya bhautika vijJAna ke dhurandhara vidvAn samudra kA bhI sthUladRSTi se mApa karane meM sakSama ho gae haiM, yantroM kI sahAyatA se| isI prakAra vibhinna koTi ke, vibhinna prakAra ke aura vividha hetu aura uddezya se kiye jAne vAle karmarUpI virAT mahAsamudra kI thAha lenA bhI atIva kaThina kArya hai| karma - mahAsamudra kI virATtA, vizAlatA aura gahanatA kA mApa lenA bhI sAmAnya vyakti ke balabUte se bAhara kI vastu hai, vaha zabdoM se bhI karma ke virAT svarUpa kA Akalana aura grahaNa nahIM kara paataa| parantu jo karmavijJAna ke vizeSajJa, marmajJa eva pAraMgata haiM, athavA jo karma ke virAT svarUpa kA Akalana evaM hRdayaMgama karane ke lie aharniza manthuna-manana karate haiM, tattvajijJAsu haiM, AdhyAtmika sAdhaka haiM, unake liye granthoM aura zAstroM kI sahAyatA se, bhagavadvANI aura usake puraskartAoM dvArA kI huI vyAkhyAoM meM karmarUpI virAT mahAsamudra ke sarvAMgINa aura pariSkRta svarUpa kA, vividha uddezyoM se kRta karmoM ke vividha rUpoM kA tathA * vibhinna prakAroM kA Akalana, grahaNa aura dhAraNa karanA kaThina bhI nahIM hai| AtmA aura karma kA pRthakkaraNa karanA asambhava nahIM hai pichale prakaraNoM meM isI uddezya se karma ke vibhinna arthoM, vyAkhyAoM, rUpoM tathA usakI zakti, gati pragati, prakriyA Adi se samanvita virAT svarUpa kI jhAkI dI gaI hai| ina saba rUpoM aura svarUpoM meM karmazabda samudra 1. karmagranthoM, kammapayaDI, gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), mahAbaMdho, kaSAyapAhuDa, baMdhavihANe' Adi granthoM ke racayitA / 607 For Personal & Private Use Only

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608 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . .. kI laharoM kI taraha paraspara anusyUta hai| saMsArI AtmA ke sAtha karma vividha rUpoM meM dUdha aura pAnI kI taraha ghulA-milA hai, taptalohapiNDa ke sAtha agni kI taraha ekIbhUta-sA hai| isalie sAmAnya vyakti rAjahaMsa kI taraha AtmA aura karma kI paraspara otaprota zaktiyoM kA vizleSaNa aura pRthakkaraNa nahIM kara paataa| vartamAna bhautika vaijJAnika jisa prakAra oNksIjana aura hAiDrojana ina donoM kA pRthakkaraNa kara lete haiM, isI prakAra adhyAtmavijJAnI athavA karmavijJAnamarmajJa AtmA ke pradezoM aura karma ke paramANuoM kA pRthakkaraNa, vizleSaNa aura viveka kara sakate haiN| karma kA sarvAMgINa aura pariSkRta rUpa samajhanA Avazyaka isI dRSTi se karma ke sarvAMgINa aura pariSkRta svarUpa ko hama isa prakaraNa meM pratipAdita karanA cAhate haiM, tAki vaha lakSaNa karma ke pUrvokta samasta rUpoM, arthoM aura vyAkhyAoM ko apane meM samAviSTa kara ske| ___Azaya yaha hai ki karma kA vaha pariSkRta hama yahA~ denA cAhate haiM, jisameM pAThaka ko karma ke vibhinna arthoM aura rUpoM kA, dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma kA, saMskArarUpa aura pudgalarUpa karma kA, karma ke parataMtrIkAraka svarUpa kA, karma ke mahAzaktirUpa kA, karma ke mUrtarUpa kA; karma, vikarma aura akarma kA, karma ke zubha-azubha-zuddharUpa kA, karma ke sakAma-niSkAmarUpa kA, karma aura nokarma ke antara kA, karma ke vividha prakriyAtmaka svarUpa kA, tathA karmoM ke ghAtI aghAtI kuloM kA samyaktayA parijJAna evaM pratyAkhyAna ho sake / vaha hRdayaMgama kara sake ki karmoM kA parivAra kitane rUpoM meM, kisa-kisa prakAra se saMsAra meM phailA huA hai aura saMsArI jIva karma ke kinakina rUpoM se kisa-kisa prakAra se ghirA hai| ___ina samagra rUpoM meM yahA~ bandhaka karmoM aura abandhaka karmoM meM sirpha bandhaka karmoM kI dRSTi se hI vaha pariSkRta lakSaNa samajhanA caahie| unheM jJaparijJA se jAnakara pratyAkhyAna-parijJA se yathAyogya, yathAkrama se unakA pratyAkhyAna (saMvara aura nirjarA ke dvArA) karane kA prayatna karanA cAhie, yaha bhI isa pariSkRta lakSaNa se pratidhvanita samajhanA caahie| jJa-parijJA se jAnakara pratyAkhyAna-parijJA se karmoM se mukta jIva parabrahma paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jIva kA karma ke sAtha anAdikAla se sambandha hone para bhI vaha yadi karmoM aura apane AtmasvarUpa kA jJaparijJA se pUrNatayA parijJAna kare aura yathAyogya krama se una-una karmoM kA nirodha karane tathA kSaya karane kA puruSArtha kare to vaha pratyAkhyAnaparijJA se una-una For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA sarvAMgINa aura pariSkRta svarUpa 609 karmoM se mukta ho sakatA hai| jaba sAdhaka ko AtmA aura anAtmA (cetana aura jar3a=sva-bhAva aura parabhAva) kI bhinnatA kA bhedavijJAna ho jAtA hai, arthAt janma-maraNarUpa saMsAra se chUTane kA jaba samaya AtA hai, taba vaha zIghra hI tapa, saMyama aura jJAna rUpa agni ke bala se samagra karmamala ko jalAkara zuddha svarNa sama nirmala - niSkalaMka ho jAtA hai| arthAt-karmalalipta AtmA zuddha paramAtmA, parabrahma athavA paramezvara ho jAtA hai| 1 Adya zaMkarAcArya isa sthiti meM pahu~ce hue jIva ko parabrahma rUpa se paricita karAte hue kahate haiM- "(samyak ) jJAna bala se pahale baMdhe hue karmoM ko galA do, (jaina paribhASA meM pUrvakRta karmoM kI nirjarA kara do) tathA navIna (Ate hue) karmoM kA bandhana mata hone do (AsravanirodharUpa saMvara karo) aura jo prArabdha karma hoM, unheM (samabhAva se) bhoga kara (unakI udIraNA karake) kSINa kara do| isake pazcAt parabrahma paramAtmA rUpa se anantakAla taka bane raho / karma ke pariSkRta svarUpa kA samajhanA Avazyaka hai; kyoM aura kaise' ? yadyapi AtmA aura karma kA apanA-apanA svataMtra svarUpa evaM astitva hai, tathApi saMsArI AtmA aura karma kA paraspara sambandha anAdi kAla se hai / ina donoM kA yaha sambandha aisA nahIM hai ki kadApi vicchinna na ho sake, aura na hI yaha sambandha dhana aura dhanI jaisA tAtkAlika hai, apitu vaha sambandha svarNa aura kiTTa- kAlimA kI taraha anAdikAlIna hai, vicchedya bhI hai aura. jIva ke pramAdavaza zleSya bhI hai| * jisa prakAra zatru kA svarUpa bhalIbhAMti samajha meM nahIM AtA, taba taka usa para vijaya pAnA sambhava nahIM hotA, isI prakAra AtmA ke kaTTara zatru kA bhI jaba taka svarUpa samajha meM nahIM AtA, taba taka usa para vijaya pAnA, usase sambandha viccheda karanA tathA jaba taka vItarAgatA = jIvanamukti prApta na ho jAe, taba taka kevala zubha aura zuddha karmoM (akarmoM) se sambandha karanA kathamapi sambhava nahIM hai| karma se bar3hakara AtmA kA koI zatru isa saMsAra meM 1.. (ka) prathama karma grantha meM (saMpAdaka - paM. sukhalAlajI) likhita vyAkhyA se pR. 3 (kha) yadyapi karmoM ke Asrava aura bandha kI, tathA saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa kI, evaM unake vividha pRthak-pRthak kAraNoM kI, tathA puNya-pApa evaM karmaphala kI vistRta carcA yathakrama se Age ke khaNDoM meM kI jaaegii| isa khaNDa meM to karma ke - vibhinna rUpoM aura svarUpoM kI jhAMkI dI gaI hai| 2. "prAkkarma pravilApyatAM citibalAnna'pyukteH zliSyatAm / prArabdhaM tviha bhujyatAmatha parabrahmAtmanA sthIyatAm // " (- prathama karmagrantha se) pR.3 3. karmagrantha prathama kI prathama gAthA kI vyAkhyA (paM. sukhalAlajI) se pR. 4 For Personal & Private Use Only

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610 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virATa svarUpa (3) nahIM hai| karma ke kAraNa hI prANI ko aneka gatiyoM, yoniyoM aura rUpoM meM janma-maraNAdi duHkha uThAne par3ate haiN| vividha kugatiyoM aura kuyoniyoM meM vividha durlabhabodhi rUpoM meM bhaTakakara AtmA kI akhaNDa zAnti-AkulatArahita sukhazAnti ke paridarzana karma ke kAraNa hI to sambhava nahIM hote| ataeva usa nirAkula akhaNDa zAnti kI jinheM pipAsA evaM jijJAsA hai, unheM karma ke isa pariSkRta svarUpa kA jAnanA bahuta Avazyaka hai| karma karanA sahetuka hai, vaha jIva kA svabhAva nahIM / vastutaH karma karanA AtmA (jIva) kA svabhAva nahIM hai| agara karma karanA, yAnI karma-bandha karanA jIva kA svabhAva hotA to ayogI kevalI bhagavantoM aura siddha bhagavantoM ke sAtha bhI karma lage hote| isase siddha hotA hai ki pratyeka jIva karma kA bandha nahIM krtaa| ayogI kevalI aura siddha bhagavanta to karmoM se sarvathA mukta hote haiM, ve karmoM kA baMdhana nahIM krte| sayogI kevalI, vItarAga arhat bhagavAn ke bhI IryApathika kriyA ke kAraNa naye karma Ate jarUra haiM, baMdha kevala spRSTarUpa pradezarUpa hotA hai kintu vaha turaMta hI chUTa jAtA hai| isase siddha hotA hai karma sahetuka hotA hai, ahetuka nhiiN|' karma ke pariSkRta svarUpa meM icchAkRta baMdhakakarmoM kA hI samAveza ___ Azaya yaha hai ki jo karma sahaja hote haiM-zvAsocchvAsa, raktasaMcAra, pAcana kriyA Adi ve anicchAkRta evaM svataH hote haiN| icchAkRta karmoM meM bhI jina karmoM ke sAtha kaSAya yA rAgadveSAdi nahIM hote ve karma bhI bandhakartA nahIM hote| samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra evaM tapa kA niSkAma bhAva se samyak AcaraNa kare to vaha apramatta bhAva se kiyA huA karma bhI bandhaka na hokara saMvara-nirjarAkAraka (karma-nirodhaka tathA karmakSayakAraka) hotA hai| yahA~ isa prakAra ke karmoM se prayojana nahIM hai| yahA~ pratyeka kriyA, pratyeka AtmA tathA pratyeka prayojana yA niSprayojana athavA pratyeka kAraNa yA akAraNa se kiye hue karma ko bandhaka karma kI koTi meM nahIM batAyA gayA hai| yahA~ karma kA jo pariSkRta svarUpa batAyA jAegA, usameM amuka saMsArI AtmA ke dvArA amuka kAraNoM se, icchAkRta viziSTa kriyA ke baMdhakAraka karmoM kA hI parigaNana kiyA jaaegaa| karma ke isa sarvAMgINa pariSkRta svarUpa meM sahetuka karmoM kA hI pariSkRta lakSaNa batAyA jaaegaa| jo isa prakAra kI baMdhaka kriyA, isa prakAra 1. jinavANI karma-siddhAnta vizeSAMka ke karmoM kI dhUpa-chAha' lekha se, pR9 2. "karmoM kI dhUpa-chAMha" lekha se bhAvAMza uddhRta pR. 9 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA sarvAMgINa aura pariSkRta svarUpa 611 kA sakaSAya jIva aura isake dvArA ina mithyAtvAdi paMcavidha kAraNoM se kiye hue sahetuka karma hoM, unhIM kA isameM samAveza hogaa| karma ke isa pariSkRta svarUpa meM ina karmoM ke svarUpa kA samAveza nahIM hogA, jo sAMsArika jIvoM ke dvArA anicchAkRta, svataH hone vAlI kriyA kA kArya ho, athavA airyApathika kriyA kA karma ho / arthAt jo karma baMdhakAraka karma kI koTi meM nahIM Ate, tathA kaSAya-rAgadveSAdi (mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya) se rahita pariNAmoM se jo kiye jAte hoM, una karmoM ke svarUpa kA samAveza isameM nahIM hogaa| isa pariSkRta svarUpa dvArA spaSTa bodha ho jAegA ki kauna-sI kriyA kA karma tathA kisa prakAra kI AtmA dvArA, kina kAraNoM se kiyA huA karma bandhakAraka hotA hai| ise spaSTataH samajhane ke lie eka rUpaka liijie| mAna lIjie - isa samaya isa sthAna para kaSAyayukta saMsArI jIva baiThe haiM, ve nirantara pratikSaNa karmoM kA saMgraha kara rahe haiN| parantu usI samaya, usI sthAna para unake badale yadi koI vItarAga puruSa baiTheM to sAmparAyika karma ekatrita nahIM karate, kyoMki unake kaSAya na hone se kevala IryApathika karmoM kA saMgraha hotA hai| siddha bhagavAn to kisI bhI prakAra ke karma kA grahaNa nahIM karate; ve to karmoM se sarvathA mukta hote haiN| isa loka meM hama saMsArI jIva bhI rahate haiM aura siddha bhagavAn bhI loqa ke agrabhAga para rahate haiN| loka kA koI bhI konA khAlI nahIM hai, jahA~ karmavargaNA ke pudgala na ghUma rahe hoN| loka meM aisI koI jagaha nahIM hai, jahA~ zabdalaharI nahIM ghUma rahI ho / yahI kAraNa hai ki reDiyo, TrAMjisTara, vAyaralesa yA Telivijana kahIM bhI baiTha kara bajAne se zabdalaharI tathA saMgItalaharI vahA~ pahu~ca jAtI hai| jaise zabdalaharI loka (brahmANDa ) meM sarvatra phaila jAtI hai, usI taraha, balki usase bhI sUkSma karma - laharI samagra loka meM sarvatra failI huI hai| yaha Apake aura hama sabake zarIra ke cAroM ora ghUma rahI hai, aura siddha bhagavantoM aura sadeha vItarAga sayogI kevalI bhagavAnoM ke bhI cAroM aura ghUma rahI hai, kintu siddha bhagavantoM arhat- bhagavantoM evaM sayogI kevalI vItarAga puruSoM ke karma cipakate nahIM / jabaki Apake aura hama sabake karma cipaka jAte haiN| isakA rahasya yahI hai ki siddhoM, arhantoM aura sayogI kevalI bhagavantoM meM ve kAraNa (kaSAya-rAgadveSAdi ke pariNAma) nahIM haiM / " 1. jinavANI karmasiddhAnta vizeSAMka ke 'karmoM kI dhUpa-chAMva' lekha ke bhAvAMzaM uddhRta pR 10 For Personal & Private Use Only

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612 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . . pUrvokta tIna tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM baMdhaka karma ke cAra mukhya lakSaNa inhIM tIna tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM jaina karmavijJAna-marmajJoM ne bandhaka karma ke vibhinna dRSTiyoM se pariSkRta lakSaNa diye haiN| unameM cAra pariSkRta lakSaNa mukhya haiM, jinase vivakSita karma kA sarvAMgINa pariSkRta svarUpa samajha meM A sakatA hai| prathama lakSaNa . isa dRSTi se AcArya devendrasUri ne prathama karmagrantha meM jo karma kA lakSaNa diyA hai, use hama prathama lakSaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kara rahe haiM "kIrai jieNa heuhi to bhaNNae kamma / " arthAt-jisa kAraNa (sAMsArika) jIva ke dvArA mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga (mana, vacana, kAya kI prakRti) ina hetuoM = kAraNoM se, (karmayogya pudgaladravya apane AtmapradezoM ke sAtha baddha-sambaddha) kiye jAte haiN| isalie vaha Atma-sambaddha (vijAtIya) pudgaladravya karma kahalAtA hai| saMkSepa meM, mithyAtva, kaSAya Adi kAraNoM se jIva ke dvArA (mana, vacana, kAyA se) jo kiyA jAtA hai, use karma kahate haiN| bhAvArtha yaha hai ki rAga-dveSa-kaSAyAdi se yukta isa saMsArI jIva meM pratisamaya mana vacana kAyA se parispanda rUpa jo kriyA hotI hai, use sAmAnyatayA mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga, ina pAMca rUpoM meM vargIkRta kara sakate haiN| inake nimitta se AtmA ke prati AkRSTa hokara acetana (pudgala) dravya AtA hai aura rAgadveSa kA nimitta pAkara Atma-pradezoM ke sAtha zliSTa sambaddha ho jAtA hai| samaya pAkara vaha sukha-duHkha kA phala dene lagatA hai, use hI karma kahA jAtA hai|' . 'kIrai' pada kI vyAkhyA isa gAthA ke 'kIraI jieNa heuhi' ina tInoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue AcArya devendrasUri likhate haiM __ "aMjanacUrNa se paripUrNa Dibbe ke samAna samagra loka sUkSma aura bAdara karmapudgala-paramANuoM se ThasAThasa bharA huA hai| aisA koI bhI sthAna nahIM hai jahA~ karma-pudgala paramANu na hoN| kintu ye samasta karma-pudgala-paramANu karma nahIM khlaate| inameM karma banane kI yogyatA avazya hai| anAdikAlIna karmamaloM se yukta jIva jaba rAgAdi kaSAyoM se saMtapta hokara mana-vacanakAyA se koI kriyA karatA hai, taba kArmaNa-vargaNA ke pudgala-dravya AtmA kI ora usI prakAra AkRSTa hote haiM, jisa prakAra agni se saMtapta lohe kA 1. karmagrantha prathama gAthA-1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA sarvAMgINa aura pariSkRta svarUpa 613 logA (piNDa) pAnI meM DAlane para cAroM ora se pAnI ko khIMca letA hai| arthAt - AtmA (jIva) uparyukta kAraNoM (pariNAmoM) se karmavargaNA ke pudgaloM ko apanI ora AkRSTa karake Atma-sambaddha kara letA hai, isa kAraNa vahI pudgaladravya 'karma' kahalAtA hai / ' AtmA karma-paramANuoM ko kaise AkRSTa kara letA hai ? AtmA karma-paramANuoM ko apanI ora kaise AkRSTa kara letA hai ? isa sambandha meM karmavijJAnavettA vibhinna tarka dete rahe haiM- "jaise kar3AhI ke aMdara khaulate hue ghI meM DAlI huI pUr3I ghI ko khIMca letI hai, apane meM jajba kara letI hai| athavA jisa taraha cumbaka lohe ko apanI ora AkRSTa kara letA hai, tathA jaise kapar3A pAnI ko sokha letA hai; isI taraha yaha jIva (rAgadveSAdiyukta) saMkalpa vikalpoM meM pahu~cakara Asa-pAsa ke anantAnanta (karma-pudgala) paramANuoM ko khIMca letA hai| isa prakAra jIva ke sAtha ye karmapudgala - paramANu sambaddha ho jAte haiN|" 66 AtmA meM apane pArzvavartI anantAnanta karma-pudgala - paramANuoM ko AkarSita karane kI zakti kaise A jAtI hai ? isa sambandha meM batAyA gayA hai| ........ Aja ke vaijJAnikoM kI mAnyatA hai ki vRkSa se TUTA huA phala Upara AkAza kI ora na jAkara jo bhUmi para giratA hai, isakA kAraNa kevala bhUmi meM avasthita AkarSaNa zakti hI samajhanA caahie| bhUmi meM svabhAva se hI yaha vizeSatA pAI jAtI hai ki vaha pratyeka vastu ko apanI ora khIMcatI hai, Upara kI ora nahIM jAne detii| jaise vaijJAnika bhUmi meM AkarSaNa zakti kA astitva svIkAra karate haiM, vaise hI jainAcArya (rAgAdiyukta) saMkalpa-vikalpoM kI vATikA meM viharaNa kara rahI AtmA meM apane pArzvavartI anantAnanta paramANuoM ko apanI ora AkRSTa karane kI kSamatA svIkAra karate haiN| " 2 carmacakSuoM se adRzya kArmaNavargaNA kA jIva dvArA grahaNa karanA bhI karma hai "jainadarzana ke mantavyAMnusAra kArmaNa vargaNA (karma-paraNANuoM kA sajAtIya samUha) eka prakAra kI atyanta sUkSma raja (pudgala-skandha paramANusamudAya) hotI hai, jise indriyA~ sUkSmadarzaka yaMtra ke dvArA bhI nahIM jAna sakatI, sarvajJa yA parama avadhijJAnI yogI hI use jAna dekha sakate haiN|" jIva ke dvArA jaba vaha (karmaraja grahaNa kI jAtI hai, taba use karma kahate haiM / 1. isa gAthA para dekhiye, abhidhAna rAjendrakoSa meM 'kamma' zabda kI A. devendrasUrikRta vyAkhyA, pR. 245 2. (ka) jJAna kA amRta (paM. jJAnamuni jI) se pR. 20 (kha) vahI pR. 21 3. (ka) karmagrantha bhA. 1 prathama gAthA kI vyAkhyA (paM. sukhalAlajI) se pR. 2 (kha) 'jJAna kA amRta' se pR. 21 For Personal & Private Use Only

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614 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) . . karma kA ubhayavidha lakSaNa samayasAra meM isI lakSaNa ko pariSkRta karate hue kahA gayA hai-jIva ke pariNAmoM kA nimitta (yoga aura kaSAya ke kAraNa) pAkara AtmA meM (AkarSita hokara) sthita pudgaloM kA karmarUpa meM pariNamana hotA hai| isI prakAra paudgalika karma ke nimitta se (AtmA meM kampanarUpa kriyA ke kAraNa) jIva kA bhI pariNamana hotA hai| jina saMkalpa-vikalpoM (rAgAdi pariNAmoM) ke AdhAra para yaha jIva paramANuoM ko apanI ora khIMcatA hai, unheM bhAvakarma kahate haiM aura jo karma-paramANu khiMcakara AtmA ke sAtha cipaTa jAte haiM, ve hI karmaparamANu dravyakarma kahalAte haiN|' AtmA ke pArzvavartI karmaparamANu AtmA se kaise sambaddha ho jAte haiM? prazna yaha hai ki saMkalpa-vikalpoM ke AdhAra para Atma-pradezoM meM kampana hone se AtmA ke pArzvavartI anantAnanta karmaparamANu AtmA (Atma pradezoM) se kaise sambandhita ho (jur3a) jAte haiM ? - isakA samAdhAna paM. sukhalAlajI ke zabdoM meM dekhiye-"zarIra meM tela lagAkara koI dhUli meM loTe to dhUli usake zarIra meM cipaTa jAtI hai, usI prakAra mithyAtva, kaSAya, yoga Adi se jIva ke pradezoM meM jaba parispanda hotA hai, arthAt-halacala hotI hai, taba jisa AkAza meM AtmA ke pradeza haiM, vahIM ke, ananta-ananta karma-yogya-pudgala-paramANu, jIva ke eka-eka pradeza ke sAtha ba~dha jAte haiN| dUdha aura pAnI kA tathA Aga kA aura lohe ke gole kA jaise sambandha hotA hai, usI prakAra jIva aura karma-pudgagala, jIva ke eka-eka pradeza ke sAtha baMdha jAte haiN| dUdha aura pAnI kA tathA Aga kA aura lohe ke loge kA jaise sambandha hotA hai, usI prakAra jIva aura karma-pudgala kA paraspara sambandha (bandha) hotA hai|"2 Atma-pradeza (jIva) aura karma-paramANu ke sambandha ke viSaya meM paM. jJAnamunijI kA mantavya hai-"kucha vicArakoM kA kahanA hai-'Atmapradeza aura karma-paramANu dUdha aura pAnI kI taraha milate haiN| kucha vicAraka lohe aura agni kI bhA~ti inakA milApa mAnate haiN|' vastusthiti kyA hai ? yaha 1. (ka) jIva-pariNAmahedu kammattaM puggalA prinnmNti| puggala NimmittaM taheva jIvo vi pariNamai / / -samayasAra gA. 80 (kha) kriyA khalvAtmanA prApyatvAt karma / tannimitta prApta pariNAmaH pudgalo'pi krm| - pravacana sAra TIkA pR. 165 (ga) jJAna kA amRta (pa. jJAnamunijI) se pR. 21 2. karmagrantha prathama gA. 1 (paM. sukhalAla jI) kI vyAkhyA se pR. 2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA sarvAMgINa aura pariSkRta svarUpa 615 samajha lenA bhI avazyaka hai| hamAre vicAra meM Atma-pradeza aura karmaparamANu na nIra-kSIra kI bhAMti milate haiM; aura na hI lohAgni kI taraha, kyoMki Atmapradeza sadA akhaNDita rahate haiN| jaise-dUdha kaNa-kaNa ke rUpa meM bikhara sakatA hai, vaise Atmapradeza nhiiN| tathA jaise-lohe ke kaNoM ke andara agni praveza kara jAtI hai, vaise Atma-pradezoM ke andara karmaparamANuoM kA praveza nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki unameM kahIM bhI koI vastu praviSTa nahIM ho sktii| ataH AtmapradezoM aura karma-paramANuoM kA sambandha meghAcchanna sUrya kI bhAMti yA candragrahaNa kI bhAMti, athavA svarNa para lage mala kI bhAMti hI samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki karma-paramANu AtmapradezoM ko kevala AvRta karate haiM, AvaraNa banakara una para chA jAte haiM, tathA unakI jJAnAdi zaktiyoM ko pardA banakara Dhaka dete haiM, kintu unase ekameka nahIM hote| isalie AtmapradezoM aura karma-paramANuoM kA sambandha svarNa para lage mala kI bhA~ti mAnanA adhika upayukta pratIta hotA hai|' 'jieNa' kI vyAkhyA ___'jieNa' kI vyAkhyA karate hue AcArya devendrasUri kahate haiM-prazna hotA hai-karmabandha (Atmapradeza ke sAtha karma-pudgaloM ke sambaddha) hone kI kriyA kisake dvArA kI jAtI hai ? isake uttara ke lie lakSaNoM meM 'jieNa' zabda diyA gyaa| jitane bhI karma hote haiM, ve saba jIva ke dvArA kiye jAte haiN| jIva kA vyutpattilabhya artha hai-pAMca indriyA~, manobalAdi tIna bala, ucchvAsa-niHzvAsa aura Ayu, ina dasa prANoM ko jo yathAyogya dhAraNa karatA hai, jItA hai, vaha jIva hai| jIva to do prakAra ke hote haiM-siddha aura sNsaarii| aisA jIva kauna hai ? saMsArastha jIva hI hai| karma kI dRSTi se aise jIva kA lakSaNa hai yaH kartA karmabhedAnA bhoktA karmaphalasya c| saMsartA parinirvAtA sa hyAtmA naanylkssnnH|| - isakA bhAvArtha yaha hai ki mithyAtva Adi ke kAraNa kaluSita huA jIva sAtAvedanIya Adi karmoM kA aura usake vividha bheda viziSTa karmoM kA kartA hai, viziSTa sAtAvedanIya Adi karmoM ke phala kA upabhoktA hai tathA karmavipAkodaya ke anusAra nara-nAraka Adi bhavoM meM saMsartA (paribhramaNa karane vAlA) hai| sAtha hI samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra se sampanna ratnatraya ke prabala abhyAsa (sAdhanA) vaza samasta karmoM kA kSaya karane se parinirvAtA . 1. jJAna kA amRta (paM. jJAnamuni jI) pR. 21-22 2. karmagrantha bhA. 1 (AcArya devendra sUri jI) abhidhAna rAjendra koSa 'karma' zabda se pR. 245 For Personal & Private Use Only

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616 karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) (nirvANa prApta-mukta) bhI jIva hai| jIva ke atirikta usake sattva, prANI, AtmA ityAdi paryAyavAcaka zabda haiN| aisA jIva hI karma kA kartA hai| ___bhagavatI sUtra meM bhI karma ko cetanAkRta batAyA hai, acetanAkRta nhiiN| 'heuhi' kI vyAkhyA 'heuhi' kI vyAkhyA karate hue AcArya zrI devendra sUri jI kahate haiMjIva mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya aura yoga rUpa sAmAnya kAraNoM se tathA pratyanIkatA, nihnava, pradveSa, upaghAta, antarAya evaM atyAzAtanA ityAdi vizeSa kAraNoM se (jo Age yathAsthAna batAye jAe~ge) pUrvokta vizeSaNayukta jIva ke dvArA jo (kArya) kiyA jAtA hai, use karma kahA jAtA hai| karma kA dUsarA pariSkRta lakSaNa karma kA dUsarA lakSaNa AptaparIkSA tathA bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI TIkA meM kiyA gayA hai-jIva ke dvArA mithyAdarzanAdi pariNAmoM se jo kiye jAte haiM-upArjita hote haiM, ve karma haiN| __ isakI pUrva lakSaNa se milatI-julatI vyAkhyA samajhanI caahie| karma kA tRtIya pariSkRta lakSaNa karma kA tIsarA pariSkRta lakSaNa 'paramAtmaprakAza' meM diyA gayA haivisaya-kasAyahi raMgiyaha, je aNuyA lggti| jIva-paesehiM mohiyaha, te jiNa kamma bhnnti|| isakA bhAvArtha yaha hai ki "viSaya-kaSAyoM se raMjita aura mohita Atma-pradezoM ke sAtha jo aNu (karma-paramANu) saMlagna-saMzliSTa ho jAte haiM, unheM jinendra bhagavAn karma kahate haiN|" isakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki paMcendriya evaM mana ke viSayoM ke prati AtmA kI rAga-dveSAtmaka tathA kaSAyAtmaka kriyA se AkAza-pradezoM meM vidyamAna karma-vargaNA ke anantAnanta sUkSma paramANu-pudgala cumbaka kI taraha AkarSita hokara AtmapradezoM se saMzliSTa(baddha) ho jAte haiM, cipaka jAte haiM, unheM karma kahate haiN| 1. abhidhAna rAjendrakoSa ke antargata 'kamma' zabda kI vyAkhyA se pR. 245 2. vahI, pR. 245 3. jIvena vA mithyAdarzanAdi pariNAmaiH kriyate iti karma / - AptaparIkSA (TI.) 296, bhagavatI ArAdhanA (TI.) 20/9/80 4. paramAtma prakAza 1/16 5. karmagrantha bhA. 1 gA. 1 kI vyAkhyA (marudhara kesarI mizrImala jI ma.) For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA sarvAMgINa aura pariSkRta svarUpa 617 karma ke lakSaNa meM kriyA aura kriyA ke hetu-donoM kA samAveza vastutaH AcArya devendrasUrijI racita karmagrantha evaM paramAtmaprakAza Adi karmavijJAna ke vyAkhyA-granthoM meM karma kI sarvAMgINa paribhASA meM jIva kI kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika kriyA (yoga) aura kriyA ke hetumithyAtva, kaSAya Adi kAraNoM, ina donoM ko karma ke sarvAMgINa pariSkRta svarUpa meM samAviSTa kiyA hai| .. tAtparya yaha hai ki jainakarmavijJAna meM karma kA kevala kriyAparaka artha hI abhISTa nahIM hai, apitu kriyA ke hetu (rAgadveSa, kaSAyAdi) para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai|' isI dRSTi se pravacanasAra (TIkA) meM kriyA aura karmapudgala donoM kI karmasaMjJA batAte hue kahA hai-vastutaH AtmA ke dvArA prApta hone se (rAgadveSAdiyukta) kriyA karma hai, aura usake nimitta se pariNamana ko prApta (karmavargaNA ke) pudgala bhI karma hI hai| isa apekSA se karma ke antargata doMnoM tatva A jAte haiN| rAga-dveSa, kaSAya Adi manobhAvoM se yukta kriyA aura krm-pudgl| karma-pudgala kriyA kA hetu hai aura rAgadveSAdiyukta trividha kriyA hai| kriyA ke abhAva meM karmapudgagaloM meM karmatva kA abhAva hone se usakI kAryabhUta (kriyAphalarUpa) manuSyAdi paryAyoM kA abhAva hotA hai|2 / / yahA~ karmapudgala ve jar3a (kama) paramANu haiM, jinheM zarIravijJAna zarIra ke rAsAyanika tatva kahatA hai| ye karmaparamANu hI prANI kI kAyika, vAcika, mAnasika kisI kriyA ke kAraNa AtmA kI ora AkarSita hokara usase apanA sambandha sthApita karake, kArmaNazarIra kI racanA karate haiN| (vipAka) samayavizeSa ke pakane para ve hI karma apane anubhAga ke anurUpa phala ke rUpa meM vizeSa prakAra kA phalabhoga (phala kA vedana) karA kara alaga ho jAte haiN| ___ jainakarmavijJAna kI dRSTi se karma kA svabhAva AtmA ke svabhAva ko parAbhUta karanA hai| karma AtmA (jIva) ko parataMtra karatA hai, usakI zaktiyoM ko prabhAvita aura kuNThita karatA hai| yaha AtmA yA cetanA kI zuddhatA ko vikRta evaM AvRta karatA hai|' 1. (ka) karmavipAka (karmagrantha-prathama) gA. 1 kI vyAkhyA se (paM. sukhalAla jI) pR. 1 . (kha) jaina karma siddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana se bhAvAMza pR. 11 / / 2.. "kriyA khalvAtmanA prApyatvAt karma, tanimittaprApta pariNAmaH pudgalo'pi karma / " . -pravacanasAra (ta. pra. TIkA) 117 3. jainakarma siddhAnta : tulanAtmaka adhyayana se bhAvAMza 4. jIvaM parataMtrIkurvanni, sa parataMtrIkriyate vA yastAni karmANi / - AptaparIkSA For Personal & Private Use Only

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618. karma-vijJAna : karma kA virAT svarUpa (3) karma kA caturtha lakSaNa : paramArtha dRSTi se __karma kA caturtha lakSaNa 'tattvArtha rAjavArtika' meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM dRSTiyoM se isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai-"vIryAntarAya aura jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSaya aura kSayopazAma kI apekSA rakhane vAle AtmA ke dvArA nizcayanaya se AtmapariNAma tathA vyavahAranaya se pudgala-pariNAma tathA isake viparIta vyavahAranaya se AtmA ke dvArA pudgala pariNAma (pariNamana) aura pudgala ke dvArA AtmapariNAma (AtmA meM samutpanna hone vAle rAgAdi pariNAma) bhI jo kiye jAe~, ve karma kahalAte haiN|" isa viSaya ko spaSTa karane hetu pravacanasAra meM batAyA hai "jIva kI rAgAdirUpa pariNativizeSa ko prApta kara karmarUpa pariNamana ke yogya pudgalaskandha karma bhAva ko prApta karate haiN| unakA karmatva-pariNamana jIva (AtmA) ke dvArA nahIM kiyA gayA hai|" "karma ke kAraNa malinatA ko prApta AtmA karma-saMyukta pariNAma ko prApta karatA hai| isase karmoM kA sambandha hotA hai| ataH pariNAma ko bhI karma kahate haiN|" isI tattva kA spaSTIkaraNa AcArya amRtacandra ne isa prakAra kiyA hai-paramArtha dRSTi se dekhA jAe to jIva (AtmA) AtmapariNAmarUpa bhAvakarma kA kartA hai| pudgagala-pariNAmarUpa dravyakarma kA kartA nahIM hai| pudgala kA pariNAma svayaM pudgalarUpa hai| isa paramArthadRSTi se pudgalAtmaka dravyakarma kA kartA pudgala kA pariNAma svayaM hai| vaha Atma-pariNAmasvarUpa bhAvakarma kA kartA nahIM hai| ataH nizcayadRSTi se spaSTa hai ki jIva AtmasvarUpa se pariNamana karatA hai, pudgala-piNDarUpa se pariNamana nahIM krtaa|' karma kA AdhyAtmika dRSTi se pariSkRta svarUpa kintu vyavahAra se AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahate haiM-"(kama) pudgaloM kA piNDa dravyakarma hai aura usa piNDasthita zakti se utpanna ajJAnAdi bhAvakarma hai|" ina donoM kA 1. (ka) vIryAntarAya-jJAnAvaraNa-kSaya-kSayopazamApekSeNa AtmanA''tmapariNAmaH, pudgalena ca svapariNAmaH / vyatyayena ca nizcaya-vyavahAra-nayApekSayA kriyata iti krm| - rAjavArtika 6/1/7/504/26 (kha) AdA kammamalimaso pariNAma lahadi kammasaMjuttaM / tatto silasadi kamma, tamhA kammaM tu pariNAmo // " - pravacanasAra 2/29 (ga) jIva pariNAmahetuM kammattaM puggalA prinnmNti| puggalakammaNimittaM taheva jIvo vi prinnmi| -samayasAra80 (gha) puruSArtha siddhayupAya 13 (Ga) pravacanasAra tatvapradIpikA vRtti (amRtacandrAcAya) pR. 236 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karma kA sarvAMgINa aura pariSkRta svarUpa 619 samanvayAtmaka rUpa hI karma kA adhyAtmadRSTi se pariSkRta svarUpa hai| arthAt-AtmA ke pradezoM kA sakampa honA bhAvakarma hai, aura isa kampana ke kAraNa pudgaloM kI viziSTa avasthA kA utpanna honA dravyakarma hai|' jainakarmavijJAna kA yaha sarvAMgINa, pariSkRta svarUpa : kyoM aura kaise ? isa prakAra karma ke cAroM lakSaNa dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma meM, karma ke saMskArarUpa aura pudgalarUpa meM, karma ke mUrta, parataMtrIkAraka aura prakriyAtmaka rUpa meM bhI ghaTita hote haiN| isake atirikta yaha sarvAMgINa, pariSkRta svarUpa karma ke ghAtI-aghAtI rUpa, sakAma-niSkAma rUpa, tathA karma-vikarmaakarmarUpa athavA zubha-azubha-zuddharUpa evaM karma ke kriyamANa-saMcitaprArabdha-rUpa ko bhI apane meM samAye hue haiN| karma ke sabhI aMgoM, aura rUpoM ko yaha pariSkRta svarUpa sparza karatA hai| isI pariSkRta svarUpa ke nikaSa para vibhinna darzanoM aura dharmoM meM paribhASita evaM vyAkhyAyita tathA manovijJAna, samAjavijJAna, zarIravijJAna, yogavijJAna, Adi kI dRSTi se vivecita karma ke svarUpa ko kasakara pAThaka jaina karmavijJAna ko pUrNatayA hRdayaMgama kara sakate haiN| 1. poggalapiMDo davvaM tassattI bhAvakammaM tu|'- gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) gA. 6 For Personal & Private Use Only

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tamhA eesa kammANa aNubhAge viyANiyA / eesiM saMvare caiva khavaNe yajae buhe / - uttarAdhyayana 33/25 karmoM ke anubhAgoM (rasa - prakRti Adi) ko samyak prakAra se jAnakara buddhimAna vyakti inakA saMvara (karmoM kA nirodha) aura kSaya karane kA prayatna kare / 620 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jaina samAja ke pratibhA puruSa upAcArya zrI devendra muni jI ma. guru caraNoM meM rahakara vinaya evaM samarpaNa bhAvapUrvaka satata jJAnArAdhanA karate hue zrutasevA ke prati sarvAtmanA samarpita hone vAle prajJApuruSa zrI devendramuni jI kA Antarika jIvana atIva nirmala, sarala, vinamra, madhura aura saMyamArAdhanA ke lie jAgarUka hai| unakA bAhya vyaktitva utanA hI mana bhAvana, prabhAvazAlI aura zAlIna hai| unake vANI, vyavahAra meM jJAna kI garimA aura saMyama kI sahaja zubhratA parilakSita hotI hai| Apa saMskRta, prAkRta Adi bhASAoM ke adhikArI vidvAna haiM, Agama, nyAya, vyAkaraNa, darzana sAhitya, itihAsa Adi viSayoM ke gahana adhyetA hai| cintaka aura vicAraka hone ke sAtha hI siddhahasta lekhaka haiN| vi.saM. 1988 dhanaterasa ko udayapura ke sampanna jaina parivAra meM dinAMka 7.11.1931 ko jnm| vi. saM. 1997 gurudeva zrI puSkaramuni jI ma. ke sAnnidhya meM bhAgavatI jaina diikssaa| vi. saM. 2044 vaizAkhI pUrNimA (13.5.1987) AcArya zrI Ananda RSi jI ma. dvArA zramaNa saMgha ke upAcArya pada para mnoniit| vividha viSayoM para aba taka 350 se adhika laghu/bRhad granthoM kA smpaadn/sshodhn/lekhn| jJAnayoga kI sAdhanA/ArAdhanA meM saMlagna evaM nirmala saadhk| -dineza muni For Personal & Private Use Only .

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karma vijJAna : eka paricaya karma vijJAna jIva-jagata kI samasta ulajhanoM/ samasyAoM ko samajhane/sulajhAne kI kuMjI hai aura samasta duHkhoM/cintAoM se mukta/nirlepa rahane kI kalA bhI hai| prastuta grantha meM dhArmika, dArzanika, saiddhAntika, vaijJAnika evaM vyAvahArika dRSTibinduoM se karma siddhAnta kA svarUpa samajhAne kA yukti puraskAra eka anUThA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| kAmadhenu priMTarsa eNDa pablizarsa, AgarA-282 002. karma vijJAna Bingh For Personal & Private Use Only