Visheshavashyakbhashya ka Maldhari Hemchandrasuri Rachit Bruhadvrutti ke Aalok me Gyanmimansiya Adhyayan

Author(s): Pavankumar Jain
Publisher: Jaynarayan Vyas Vishvavidyalay
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/009391/1

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6 jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa viracita paratA o vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA maladhArI hemacandrasUri racita bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura kI pI-ec. DI. upAdhi hetu prastuta ( zodha-prabandha 215 APELL KICTION nirdezaka anusandhAtA DaoN. dharmacanda jaina pavana kumAra jaina AcArya ema. e. saMskRta (prAkRta evaM jaina darzana varga) saMskRta vibhAga jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura (rAja.) 2014

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saMskRta vibhAga jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura (rAja.) LUTION pramANa-patra pramANita kiyA jAtA hai ki anusandhAtA pavana kumAra jaina ne "jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa viracita vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA maladhArI hemacandrasUri racita bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana" viSaya para mere nirdezana meM niyamAnusAra jodhapura nagarapariSad kSetra meM do varSoM se adhika samaya taka rahakara zodha kArya sampanna kiyA hai| zodhacchAtra kA yaha kArya pUrNataH maulika, gaveSaNAtmaka evaM vizleNAtmaka hai| jahA~ taka mujhe jJAta hai, prastuta viSaya para isa prakAra kA zodha kArya deza-videza ke kisI bhI vizvavidyAlaya meM sampanna nahIM huA hai| maiM ise jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura kI pI-ec. DI. upAdhi hetu prastuta karane kI anumati pradAna karatA DaoN. dharmacanda jaina AcArya, saMskRta vibhAga jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura

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OCCACAN zodha-prabandha OGor

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purovAka bAlyAvasthA se hI merI jainadarzana ke prati vizeSa ruci thii| ataH merI prabala icchA thI ki jainadarzana kA vizeSa adhyayana kara meM isakI prastuti meM sahayogI bnuuN| sarvaprathama mujhe apanI icchA ko saphala banAne kA saMyoga san 1999 meM zrI akhila bhAratIya sudharma jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, jodhapura dvArA saMcAlita zrI sudharma vidyApITha, jodhapura ke mAdhyama se prApta huA, isa vidyApITha se jainadarzana sambaddha tIna varSIya pAThyakrama saMcAlita kiyA jAtA hai| yahA~ Akara maine jainadarzana kA zAstrIya adhyayana kiyaa| jaise jaise maiM isa darzana ko samajhatA gayA vaise-vaise merI abhiruci jainadarzana ke prati dRDhatara hotI gii| yahI para gurujI zrI lakSmIlAlajI daka ne mujhe jainadarzana meM pI-ec. DI. karane ke lie prerita kiyA hai| ata: bI.e. parIkSA uttIrNa kara ke maiMne ema. e. saMskRta (prAkRta evaM jainadarzana varga) meM praveza liyaa| merA ema. e. varSa 2004 meM hI ho gayA thA evaM pI-ec. DI. karane kI prabala icchA hote hue bhI kinhIM aparihArya kAraNoM se merI icchA sAkAra rUpa nahIM le skii| isa taraha chaha varSa vyatIta ho gye| varSa 2010 meM apanI icchA ko sAkAra rUpa pradAna karane ke lie maiMne dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyA aura apane saMkalpa ko pUrNa karane ke lie pUre manoyoga se prayAsa prAraMbha kara diye| ataH sarvaprathama maiMne zraddheya guruvarya DaoN. dharmacanda jaina se nivedana kiyA aura Apane saharSa mujhe apane nirdezana meM pI-ec. DI. karAne kI anumati pradAna karake mere saMkalpa ko aura dRr3ha kiyaa| jaina darzana ke prati merI ruci ko dekhakara mere nirdezaka DaoN. dharmacanda jaina ne mujhe "jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa viracita vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA maladhArI hemacandrasUri racita bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana" viSaya para zodha karane ke lie prerita kiyaa| viSaya cayana ke anantara maiM zodhakArya meM pUrNa manoyoga se juTa gyaa| nirdezaka mahodaya ne prAraMbha se lekara anta taka merA atyanta sahayoga evaM acchA mArgadarzana kiyaa| sAMsArika jIvana meM manuSya ke lie roTI, kapar3A aura makAna ko mUlabhUta AvazyakatA mAnA jAtA hai| AdhyAtmika jIvana meM isakA koI sarokAra nahIM hai, AdhyAtmika jIvana kI zuruAta ke lie jJAna Avazyaka hai| jJAna ke binA cAritra (kriyA) aMdhA hotA hai| binA cAritra ke jJAna laMgar3A hotA hai, jo mokSa taka nahIM le jA sakatA hai| isalie jaina AgamoM kA mukhya vAkya hai ki 'paDhamaM NANaM tao dayA' pahale jJAna usake bAda kriyaa| ataH jJAna yukta kriyArUpI AdhyAtmika jIvana hI carama lakSya taka pahu~cA sakatA hai| ataH jJAna kI mahattA, upayogitA evaM prAsaMgikatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara maiMne vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke AdhAra para jJAna kI avadhAraNA ko spaSTa karate hue anya jaina graMthoM se usakI tulanA kI hai| jainadharma kI do mukhya paramparAeM haiM - zvetAmbara aura digmbr| donoM paramparAoM meM jJAna ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM kyA bhedAbheda hai, usako prakAzita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isake lie isa zodha-prabandha ko sAta adhyAyoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai - prathama adhyAya (vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti : eka paricaya) meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke mUla srota graMtha Avazyaka sUtra kA paricaya dete hue kahA hai ki saMyama-sAdhanA ke aMgabhUta jo anuSThAna AvazyakarUpa se karaNIya hote haiM, ve 'Avazyaka' kahalAte haiN| prastuta adhyAya meM Avazyaka sUtra evaM usake vyAkhyA sAhitya kA varNana karate hue mukhya rUpa se Avazyaka karttA kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| Avazyaka ke mukhya rUpa se sAmAyika Adi chaha adhyayana hote haiN| jaina vAGmaya meM

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(ii) - 1. AvazyakasUtra para vipula vyAkhyA sAhitya prApta hotA hai, jo mukhya rUpa se pAMca bhAgoM meM hai niryukti (Avazyakaniryukti), 2. bhASya (vizeSAvazyakabhASya), 3. cUrNi (AvazyakacUrNi), 4. vRtti (AvazyakavRtti), 5. stabaka (TabbA ) tathA vartamAna samaya meM hindI, gujarAtI, aMgrejI Adi bhASAoM meM bhI Avazyaka para vivecana prApta hai| ina pAMca vibhAgoM meM AvazyakasUtra para jo bhI vyAkhyA sAhitya prApta hotA hai, usakI samIkSA kI gaI hai| dvitIya adhyAya (jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya) meM jJAna ke sambandha meM sAmAnya paricaya diyA gayA hai| jJAna aura AtmA kA eka dUsare kI apekSA se astitva siddha hai / yadi AtmA se jJAna naSTa ho jAe to vaha ajIvavat ho jAegI evaM jJAna bhI binA AtmA ke nahIM raha sakatA hai| ataH jJAna AtmA se kabhI alaga nahIM hotA hai| balki jJAna AtmA kA svarUpa hai| kisI bhI vastu ko jAnanA jJAna kahalAtA hai| jJAna sva-para kA prakAzaka hotA hai| jJAna se jise jAnA jAtA hai, vaha jJAna kA jJeya kahalAtA hai| jJAna ke pAMca prakAra haiM, yathA 1. AbhinibodhikajJAna, 2. zrutajJAna, 3. avadhijJAna, 4 manaH paryavajJAna, 5. kevalajJAna / tIna ajJAna haiM - 1. mati ajJAna, 2. zruta ajJAna aura vibhaMga jnyaan| darzana ke cakSu, acakSu, avadhi aura kevala darzana ye cAra bheda hote haiM / dArzanika paramparA ke AcAryoM ne mati Adi pAMca jJAnoM ko pratyakSa aura parokSa ke rUpa meM vibhAjita kiyA hai, jisameM prathama do jJAnoM kA parokSa aura zeSa tIna jJAnoM kA pratyakSa meM grahaNa kiyA hai| svAmI, kAla, viSaya Adi ke AdhAra se hai, mati Adi pAMca jJAnoM kA krama rakhA gayA hai| jJAna ke mukhya rUpa se tIna sAdhana hote haiM - 1. indriya, 2. mana aura 3. AtmA / isameM se prathama do parokSa jJAna ke tathA AtmA pratyakSa jJAna kA mukhya rUpa se sAdhana hotI hai| inakA vistAra se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isake bAda zrutajJAna kaise grahaNa karanA cAhie, isake grahaNa kI vidhi kyA hai, zrutajJAna ko grahaNa karane vAlI kI yogyatA kyA hai ? ityAdi kA vistAra se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyAya (vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna) meM matijJAna kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hone vAlA jJAna matijJAna hai| mati aura zrutajJAna meM bhinnatA ko jinabhadragaNi ne sAta prakAra se siddha karate hue inakA vistAra se ullekha kiyA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se matijJAna ke 28 bheda haiM, lekina isa sambandha meM prApta matAntara kA ullekha karate hue usakA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI anya graMthoM ke AdhAra se matijJAna ke 2 se 384 taka ke bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| zrutanizrita (avagrahAdi cAra) evaM azrutanizrita ( autpattikI Adi cAra buddhiyAM) matijJAna kA varNana karate hue jinabhadragaNi ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki zruta nizrita meM zrutasparza kI bahulatA hotI hai, jabaki azrutanizrita meM zruta kA sparza alpa hotA hai| zruta kA alpa aura bahutva sparza hI donoM meM bheda kA vyAvartaka lakSaNa hai / prastuta adhyAya meM avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ke svarUpa kA vistAra se varNana karate hue inake sambandha meM prApta matAntaroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| bahu Adi bhedoM kA ullekha karate hue inake lie AcAryoM dvArA prayukta anya zabdoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai / bahu- alpa, bahuvidha Adi 12 bhedoM ko avagraha, IhA Adi para ghaTita kiyA gayA hai / dravyAdi kI apekSA matijJAna ke viSaya ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| satpadaprarUpaNA, dravyapramANa, kSetra, sparzanA, kAla, antara, bhAga, bhAva aura alpabahutva ina nau dvAroM ke mAdhyama se matijJAna kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| caturtha adhyAya (vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna) meM zrutajJAna kA viziSTa nirUpaNa hai| zrotrendriya se jo jJAna sambandhita ho, use sAmAnyataH zrutajJAna kahA gayA hai| zrutajJAna ke nimitta bhUta zabda meM

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zruta kA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai, lekina paramArtha se jIva (AtmA) hI zruta hai| zrutajJAna kA anya jJAnoM se vaiziSTya hai| cAra jJAna apane svarUpa ko svayaM vyakta nahIM kara sakate haiM, apane svarUpa ko prakaTa karane ke lie unheM zrutajJAna kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai, isalie zrutajJAna anya jJAnoM se viziSTa hai| zrutajJAna ke kitane bheda haiM, isake sambandha meM AcArya eka mata nahIM haiM, sabhI AcAryoM ke matoM kA adhyayana karane para isa sambandha meM mukhya rUpa se zrutajJAna ke bhedoM kI cAra paramparAeM prApta hotI haiM - 1. anuyogadvAra sUtra ke anusAra nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva ye cAra bheda ke AdhAra para zrutajJAna kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 2. Avazyakaniyukti ke anusAra akSara-anakSara, saMjJI-asaMjJI Adi caudaha bheda kA ullekha hai| 3. SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra paryAya, paryAyasamAsa, akSara, akSara samAsa Adi bIsa bheda prApta hote haiM tathA 4. tattvArthasUtra meM aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya bheda nirUpita haiN| zodha-prabandha meM ina sabakA saMkSipta varNana karane ke sAtha mukhya rUpa akSara-anakSara Adi zruta jJAna ke caudaha bhedoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMga Adi bAraha aMgoM kI viSaya vastu kI donoM paramparAoM ke anusAra samIkSA kI gaI hai| zrutajJAna ke viSaya kA nirUpaNa dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| zrutajJAna ke viSaya meM jAnane (jANai) aura dekhane (pAsai) rUpa do kriyAoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| pAsai kriyA ke sambandha meM jinabhadragaNi kA kahanA hai ki naMdIsUtra meM 'jANai na pAsai' honA cAhie, kyoMki zrutajJAnI jAnatA hai, lekina dekhatA nahIM hai| Agama ke anusAra zrutajJAna ke viSaya meM prayukta 'pAsai' kriyA kI siddhi pazyattA ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai| paMcama adhyAya (vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna) meM avadhi zabda kA sAmAnya artha hai, mryaadaa| jo jJAna AtmA se maryAdA yukta jAne vaha avadhi hai| avadhijJAna ke prakAroM kA kSetra vistRta hai| isake prakAroM ko vibhinna AdhAroM se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| sabhI bhedoM ko milAne para kula teraha bheda avadhijJAna ke prApta hote haiN| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM caudaha nikSepoM kI apekSA avadhijJAna kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai, yathA 1. avadhi, 2. kSetraparimANa, 3. saMsthAna, 4. AnugAmika, 5. avasthita, 6. cala, 7. tIvramaMda, 8. pratipAti-utpAda, 9. jJAna, 10. darzana, 11. vibhaMga, 12. deza, 13. kSetra aura 14. gti| ina caudaha dvAroM ke bAda paMdrahaveM dvAra ke rUpa meM Rddhi kA ullekha jinabhadragaNi ne kiyA hai| inhIM ke AdhAra para anya graMthoM kI samIkSA karate hue vistAra se avadhijJAna kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| SaSTha adhyAya (vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM mana:paryavajJAna) meM mana kI paryAya ko jAnanA arthAt jJAna karanA mana:paryavajJAna hai| mana:paryavajJAna ke lie mana:paryava, mana:paryAya aura manaHparyaya ina tIna zabdoM kA prayoga hotA hai| mana:paryavajJAna matijJAna, anumAna aura zrutajJAna ke samAna nahIM hotA hai| avadhi ke binA manaHparyavajJAna honA saMbhava hai| avadhijJAna aura mana:paryavajJAna meM svAmI, vizuddhi, dravya, viSaya, bhAva Adi ke AdhAra para vibhinna pramANa dekara donoM meM bheda siddha kiyA gayA hai| mana:paryavajJAna prApta karane kI yogyatAoM kA varNana naMdIsUtra aura usakI TIkAoM meM prApta hotA hai ataH jo jIva kramazaH manuSya Adi nau yogyatAoM ko pUrNa karatA hai, vahI manaHparyavajJAna kA adhikArI hotA hai| manaHparyavajJAna ke mukhya rUpa se do bheda hote haiM - Rjumati aura vipulmti| inake svarUpa kA varNana karate hue inameM dravyAdi kI apekSA se bheda ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| mana:paryavajJAnI ke jJeya ke sambandha meM prApta do matoM kI samIkSA karate hue Agamika mata ko puSTa kiyA gayA hai| mana:paryavajJAnI ke viSaya ke varNana meM 'jANai' aura 'pAsai' ina do kriyAoM kA

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(iv) prayoga huA hai| yahA~ 'jANai' kA artha jAnanA (jJAna) aura 'pAsai' kA artha dekhanA (darzana) kiyA gayA hai| manaHparyavajJAna se jAnanA to saMbhava hai, lekina dekhanA kaise saMbhava hai? kyoMki cakSu Adi cAra darzana meM mana:paryavadarzana kA ullekha nahIM hai| isalie vidvAnoM meM 'pAsai' kriyA ke sambandha meM matabheda hai| isa sambandha meM jinabhadragaNi ne pAMca matAntaroM kA khaNDana karate hue Agamika mata ko puSTa kiyA hai| saptama adhyAya (vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna) meM sarvotkRSTa jJAna ko kevalajJAna kahA gayA hai| sakala AvaraNoM se rahita hokara sabhI vastuoM ke svarUpa ko pratibhAsita karane vAlA jJAna kevalajJAna hai| kevalajJAna ko paribhASita karate hue pUrvAcAryoM ne jina vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, unake svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| kevalajJAna kSAyika jJAna hone se isake anya kSAyopazamika jJAnoM ke samAna bheda nahIM hote haiN| lekina svAmI kI apekSA se isake do bheda hote haiM - 1. bhavastha kevalajJAna, 2. siddha kevljnyaan| inake bhI prabhedoM ke svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| siddha kevalajJAna ke prabheda anantara siddha kevalajJAna ke bhI tIrthasiddha Adi pandraha bheda hote haiM jinakA vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| kevalajJAna kI prApti meM mukhya hetu kaSAya (moha) kA kSaya hai| isakI utpatti meM zukladhyAna kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai| prasaMgavaza kevalI samudghAta, kevalI dvArA yoga nirodha Adi kI prakriyA kA zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA ke anusAra spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| kevalI ke viSaya meM digambara paramparA ne eka mata se yugapadvAda kA samarthana kiyA hai, jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM tIna mata prApta hote haiM -1. kramavAda, 2. yugapadvAda, 3. abhedvaad| ina matoM kI samIkSA karate hue Agamika mata kramavAda ko puSTa kiyA gayA hai| kevalI kevalajJAna se sampUrNa dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva se rUpI-arUpI sabhI padArthoM ko jAnate haiN| isa adhyAya meM gati Adi 20 dvAroM ke mAdhyama se kevalajJAna ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| upasaMhAra ke rUpa meM pratyeka adhyAya ke anta meM vizeSakara pAMca jJAnoM ke viSaya meM viziSTa mantavyoM kA ullekha karate hue donoM paramparAoM meM jo bhedAbheda prApta hote haiM, usakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha ko likhane meM mujhe jina gurujanoM evaM vidvAnoM kA sahayoga milA hai, unakA maiM hRdaya se kRtajJa huuN| isa avasara para maiM sarvaprathama pitRtulya apane nirdezaka zraddheya guruvarya DaoN. dharmacanda jaina ke prati natamastaka hote hae kRtajJatA jJApita karatA hU~, jinake kazala nirdezana meM yaha zodha-prabandha pUrNa ho sakA hai| isa vistRta zodha-viSaya ko bahuta sarala, sAragarbhita evaM prAmANika banAne meM jo merA mArgadarzana kiyA hai vaha mere lie atyanta mahattvapUrNa evaM avismaraNIya hai| Apake nijI pustakAlaya kA bhI mujhe sambala rahA hai| Apane hI nahIM, apitu ApakI dharmapatnI madhu jI ne bhI merA pUrA sahayoga kiyA hai, ataH inase bhI maiM anugRhIta huuN| isI sandarbha meM maiM DaoN. satyaprakAzajI dube, adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga, jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura (rAja.) kA atyanta AbhArI hU~, jinakA sneha evaM AzIrvAda satata prApta hotA rahA hai, sAtha hI una sabhI vibhAgIya gurujanoM kA bhI hRdaya se atyanta abhArI hU~, jinakA AzIrvAda aura protsAhana prastuta zodha prabandha ke pUrNa hone meM sahAyaka rahA hai| zodha-prabandha ko pUrNa karate samaya mere sAmane jaTila samasyAeM AI, jinakA samAdhAna karanA merI kSamatA se bAhara thA, maine ina zaMkAoM ko jJAnagacchAdhipati pUjya paNDitaratna zrutadhara zrI prakAzacandrajI ma. sA. kI sevA meM nivedana kiyA, jinakA mujhe yuktiyukta samAdhAna prApta huaa|

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(v) jisase merA zodha kArya anavarata gatimAna rahA, ataH pUjyazrI ko bhAva pUrvaka vaMdana karate hue zraddhApUrvaka kRtajJatA prakaTa karatA huuN| paramAdaraNIya gurujI zrI lakSmIlAla daka-naI dillI, jinhoMne mujhe zodha-kArya ke lie prerita kiyA, unakI prabala preraNA se maiM isa kArya ko sampanna kara sakA huuN| isa zodhakArya kI sampannatA meM mujhe deza ke vibhinna pratiSThita vidvAnoM evaM prAjJa puruSoM kA bhI mArgadarzana prApta huaa| usa krama meM DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina-zAjApura (ma. pra.) paM. kanhaiyAlAlajI lor3hA-jayapura, zrI pArasamalajI saMcetI-jodhapura, zrI nemIcandajI bAMThiyA-byAvara, zrI pArasamalajI caNDAliyA- byAvara, zrI ramezajI paTavArI-caumahalA, zrI TIkamajI jaina-ziMdakheDA, DaoN rAjakumArIjI jaina-ajamera, DaoN. zvetAjI jaina-jodhapura, DaoN. hemalatAjI jaina-jodhapura Adi ke prati meM vinamra AbhArI hU~ jinakA samaya-samaya para parAmarza aura sahayoga nirantara milatA rahA hai| zrI sudharma vidyApITha-jodhapura ke saMcAlaka zrI madanajI bAlaDa-jodhapura, zrI suzIlajI bAlar3a-jodhapura evaM prabhArI zrI jabaramalajI haraNaphAla-mumbaI kA sahayoga bhI avismaraNIya hai| zrI akhila bhAratIya zodha granthAlaya-jodhapura, sevA mandira dhArmika zodha pustakAlayajodhapura evaM jaina I-lAIbrerI Adi se gRhIta pustakoM se mere zodha-prabandha kA kArya sampanna ho sakA hai, etadartha inake vyavasthApakoM ke sahayoga se maiM anugRhIta hU~ evaM inakA AbhAra svIkAra karatA huuN| zodha kArya ko pUrNa karane meM Arthika dRSTi se zrI vinayakumArajI sA. jaina-jodhapura kA vizeSa sahayoga rahA hai, jinakA maiM hRdaya se AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN| isa avasara para maiM apane pUjya mAtA-pitA zrImatI manoramA-zrI pukharAjamalajI kacoliyA kI hRdaya se caraNa vandanA karatA hU~, jinake AzIrvAda se yaha kArya sampanna ho rahA hai| sAtha hI mere agraja zrI devendrakumArajI evaM zrI rAjendrakumArajI ke prati kRtajJatA vyakta karatA hU~, jinake kAraNa maiM adhyayanetara bAdhAoM se mukta rahA huuN| mere isa dIrghakAlika zodhakArya ko pUrNa karane ke lie maiM apanI dharmapatnI Rtu jaina ke anavarata aura athaka sahayoga ke lie dhanyavAda dekara usake mahatva ko kama nahIM karanA cAhatA huuN| Rtu ne pArivArika jaTilatAoM aura sAdhanAbhAvajanya saMkaToM kA dhairyapUrvaka sAmanA karate hue zodha prabandha ke TaMkaNa tathA prUpha rIDiMga meM pUrA sahayoga kiyA, jisase merA zodha kArya anavarata gatimAna rahA, jo atyanta prazaMsanIya aura sarAhanIya hai| suputra kAvya kacoliyA kA yahI sahayoga rahA ki usa bAlamana ne zodha-prabandha se sambandhita pustaka evaM kAgaja ko binA pUche idhara-udhara nahIM kiyaa| ata: usako merA bahuta-bahuta AzIrvAda hai| mere suhRt zrI paMkajajI coraDiyA-jodhapura ke vAMchita evaM prazaMsanIya sahayoga ke lie hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| anta meM maiM una sabhI gurujanoM, vidvAnoM evaM mitroM ke prati bhI hArdika AbhAra vyakta karatA hU~, jinakA ullekha yahA~ nahIM ho pAyA, kintu unakA pratyakSa athavA parokSa rUpa se prastuta zodha-prabandha ke lekhana kArya meM sahayoga prApta rahA hai| - pavana kumAra jaina

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viSayAnukramaNikA purovAk prathama adhyAya :- vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti : eka paricaya 1-50 AvazyakasUtra Avazyaka kA artha Avazyaka sUtra ke karttA AvazyakasUtra ke chaha aMga * AvazyakoM ke krama kA aucitya Avazyaka sUtra kA vyAkhyA sAhitya Avazyaka niyukti evaM niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu Avazyaka niyukti kI viSayavastu Avazyaka niyukti ke karttA : bhadrabAhu bhASyaparamparA evaM jinabhadragaNi kRta vizeSAvazyaka bhASya AvazyakacUrNi evaM cUrNikAra cUrNikAra AvazyakacUrNi AvazyakasUtra kI TIkAeM Avazyaka vRtti Avazyaka vivaraNa Avazyaka vRttipradezavyAkhyA Avazyaka niryukti-dIpikA Tabbe anuvAda yuga jinabhadragaNi evaM unakA vizeSAvazyakabhASya jina bhadragaNikSamAzramaNa kA jIvana aura vyaktitva jinabhadragaNi kA kAla vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kA pratipAdya viSaya vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kA mahattva vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA vyAkhyA sAhitya vizeSAvazyaka bhASya svopajJavRtti vizeSAvazyaka bhASyavivaraNa maladhArI hemacandra evaM unake dvArA racita ziSyahitA nAmaka bRhadvRtti kA vaiziSTya maladhArI hemacandra kA jIvana paricaya * maladhArI hemacandra kA kAla bRhadvRtti kI racanA meM nimitta samIkSaNa iv 1 1 2 5 8 9 10 12 16 19 20 21 22 24 24 26 26 27 27 27 28 28 30 31 40 42 42 42 43 43 44 46 47

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51-120 . . . dvitIya adhyAya :- jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya jJAna kI paribhASA jJAnI ke lakSaNa jJAna aura AtmA kA sambandha . jJAna Atma-zakti rUpa . jJAna darzana kisako hote haiM? jJAna hI cAritra kA AdhAra jJAna kI upayogitA mokSa ke lie jJAna kI prAthamikatA jJAna kA jJeya viSaya jJAna kA kAraNa . jIvoM meM jJAna kI nyUnAdhikatA kA kAraNa jJAnopayoga aura drshnopyog| jJAna aura darzana kI paribhASA kI samAlocanA jJAna aura darzana meM antara jJAnopayoga aura darzanopayoga ke bheda darzana aura jJAna meM pahale kauna? jJAnopayoga mithyA kyoM? samyagdRSTi ke jJAna aura mithyAdRSTi ke ajJAna kaise? adhyAtma aura darzana meM jJAna kA svarUpa jJAna aura samyaktva meM bheda jJAna meM sva-para prakAzakatA mati Adi jJAnoM ke krama kA hetu mati-zruta meM bhI mati pahale kyoM? matijJAna aura zrutajJAna meM antara matijJAna evaM mati ajJAna meM antara . upalakSaNa se avadhijJAna, avadhi ajJAna Adi meM bhI antara jJAnI aura ajJAnI meM antara pratyakSa-parokSa jJAna pratyakSa-parokSa kA lakSaNa parokSa jJAna mati aura zrutajJAna kI parokSarUpatA jJAna ke pratyakSa aura parokSa bheda karane kA kAraNa indriya jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnane meM doSa jJAna ke sAdhana indriya indriya ke prakAra indriya kI utpatti

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(viii) . . * * * * indriya ke pAMca prakAroM kA svarUpa pAMca indriyoM ke bheda * dravya aura bhAva-indriya ke prabheda nirvRtti dravyendriya kA svarUpa aura bheda upakaraNa dravyendriya kA svarUpa nirvRtti aura upakaraNa dravyendriya meM antara * labdhi aura upayoga bhAvendriya kA svarUpa * indriyoM ke prabhedoM kI prApti kA krama indriyoM kA kSayopazama bhAvendriya evaM dravyendriya meM kArya-kAraNa bhAva indriyoM se jJAnotpatti jIva kI anindriyatA zrotrAdi indriyoM kI prApyakAritA-aprApyakAritA . zrotrendriya kI prApyakAritA . cakSu indriya kI aprApyakAritA pAMca indriyoM kA viSaya aura unakA viSaya kSetra . zrotrendriya kI paTutA . aMgula pramANa kA svarUpa indriyA~ kaba aura kaise viSaya ko grahaNa karatI haiM bhASA pudgala kA grahaNa aura visarjana kAlamAna bhASA ke pudgaloM dvArA vyApya kSetra mana kA svarupa mana kA astitva mana kA svarUpa mana ke prakAra mana ke anya prakAra mana kA sthAna mana kA adhikArI kauna? + ekendriyAdi meM mana arthopalabdhi meM mana kA mahattva mana kA upayoga kyA mana aura mastiSka eka haiM? mana indriya yA anindriya? . mana aura indriyoM kI sApekSatA vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra mana kI aprApyakAritA * mana ke kArya AtmA jJAnI ke prakAra . . . . . 101 101 105

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(ix) 105 106 107 jJAna ke aSTa AcAra hai jJAna ke caudaha anAcAra zruta (jJAna) grahaNa kI prakriyAdi zruta-adhyayana kA prayojana zikSA prApta karane kI yogyatA ayogya ko zikSA dene se hAni zikSAzIla ke guNa zikSA prApti meM bAdhaka tattva zrutajJAna dene kI vidhi zruta kaise sIkheM? zrutagrahaNa kI vidhi zruta ko sunane kI vidhi buddhi ke ATha guNa jJAna vRddhi ke nakSatra jJAna aura darzana kI anya darzanoM meM mAnya avadhAraNAoM se talanA cArvAka darzana nyAya-vaizeSika darzana yogadarzana bauddhadarzana sAMkhyadarzana mImAMsA darzana vedAnta darzana samIkSaNa 107 107 108 108 108 108 108 109 109 109 110 110 110 111 112 112 113 113 114 115 121-214 121 121 122 tRtIya adhyAya :- vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna matijJAna kA svarUpa . zvetAmbarAcAryoM ke anusAra matijJAna kI paribhASA . digambarAcAryoM ke anusAra matijJAna kI paribhASA matijJAna ke paryAyavAcI avagrahAdi zabdoM se sampUrNa matijJAna kA grahaNa paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA svarUpa mati evaM Abhinibodhika zabda para vicAra mati evaM zruta jJAna meM bheda matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kI yugapattA mati aura zruta kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra mati-zruta jJAna meM antara . lakSaNabheda se mati-zruta meM antara hetu evaM phala se mati-zruta meM antara 123 124 125 127 128 128 128 129 129 130

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131 131 132 133 134 135 136 136 136 * dravyazrutapUrvaka mati * bhAvazruta se utpanna dravyazruta matipUrvaka nahIM bheda (vibhAga) kI apekSA se mati-zruta meM antara indriya kI apekSA se mati-zruta meM antara dravyazruta aura bhAvazruta kA svarUpa dravyazruta-bhAvazruta aura matijJAna kA saMbaMdha * zrutajJAna zabda rUpa tathA matijJAna ubhaya rUpa * kyA matijJAna zruta pariNata hotA hai? kAraNa-kArya se mati-zruta meM antara anakSara-akSara se mati-zruta meM antara mUka-amUka se mati-zruta meM antara viSaya grahaNa kAla kI apekSA donoM meM bheda indriya evaM mana kI nimittatA ke AdhAra para donoM meM bheda zrutajJAna meM indriya aura mana kAraNa nahIM kyA matijJAna dravyazruta rUpa hai? abhilApya aura anabhilApya kA vicAra mati aura zruta meM abheda matijJAna ke bheda naMdIsUtra aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra matijJAna ke bheda SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra matijJAna ke bheda tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra matijJAna ke bheda zrutanizrita evaM azrutanizrita matijJAna azrutanizrita matijJAna ke bheda autpAtikI vainayikI kArmikI pAriNAmikI . buddhi kA krama zratanizrita matijJAna ke bheda avagraha kA svarupa avagraha ke bheda aura unakA svarupa vyaMjanAvagraha kA svarUpa dRSTAMta dvArA vyaMjanAvagraha kA svarUpa vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra vyaMjana ke artha vyaMjana ke tIna arthoM kA anya AcAryoM ke dvArA samarthana vyaMjanAvagraha ke sambandha meM do mAnyatAeM vyaMjanAvagraha kA viSaya evaM bheda arthAvagraha kA svarUpa arthAvagraha ke bheda 137 138 138 139 139 139 140 140 142 142 143 144 144 146 146 147 148 149 149 pariNAmakA 150 151 153 153 154 154 155 155 157 157 158

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sAMvyavahArika avagraha kI bhinnatA kA kAraNa arthAvagraha ke chaha prakAra vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM arthAvagraha ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM prApta matAntara aura unakA nirAkaraNa vyaMjanAvagraha aura arthAvagraha ke svarUpa meM matabheda arthAvagraha va vyaMjanAvagraha meM pramukha antara avagraha jJAna pramANa hai yA nahIM? Agamika paramparA * pramANamImAMsIya paramparA vyaMjanAvagraha pramANa nahIM hai arthAvagraha pramANa kaise ? darzana aura avagraha meM bhedAbheda avagraha aura saMzaya meM antara avagraha ke paryAyavAcI nAma IhA kA svarUpa IhA ajJAna rUpa nahIM hai IhA aura saMzaya meM antara * * anumAna aura IhA IsA aura kaha IhA kA prAmANya IhA ke bheda IhA ke paryAyavAcI nAma avAya kA svarUpa * avAya ke lie prayukta zabda avAya aupacArika arthAvagraha avagraha va avAya meM antara avAya ke sambandha meM matAntara avAya kA prAmANya avAya ke bheda avAya ke paryAyavAcI nAma * dhAraNA kA svarUpa * dhAraNA kI prAcInatA dhAraNA ke prakAra smRti kA prAmANya dhAraNA ke sambandha meM matAntara dhAraNA ke sambandha meM prApta matAntara kA jinabhadragaNi dvArA samAdhAna dhAraNA ke bheda dhAraNA ke paryAyavAcI nAma jAtismaraNatAna bhI matijJAna kA hI eka rUpa (xi) 159 160 160 163 164 165 165 166 167 169 170 171 172 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 177 179 180 180 180 180 181 181 181 183 184 184 185 185 186 187 187 189

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(xii) 189 192 193 198 200 200 204 205 205 206 206 206 207 207 207 215-298 215 215 avagraha Adi kA kAla avagraha Adi kA nizcita krama aura paraspara bhinnatA avagrahAdi ke bahu-bahuvidha Adi bheda matijJAna ke dvArA dravyAdi catuSka kA jJAna satpadaparupaNAdi nau anuyoga dvArA matijJAna kI prarupaNA satpadaprarUpaNA dravya pramANa dvAra kSetra dvAra sparzana dvAra kAla dvAra antara dvAra bhAga dvAra bhAva dvAra alpabahu tva dvAra samIkSaNa cartutha adhyAya:- vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna zrutajJAna kA lakSaNa zvetAmbara AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM zrutajJAna kA lakSaNa digambara AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM zrutajJAna kA lakSaNa zrutajJAna kA anya jJAnoM se vaiziSTya zrutajJAna evaM kevalajJAna kI tulanA AtmA ke lie zrutajJAna kA mahatva . zrutajJAna mAtra zabda rUpa nahIM zruta jJAna ke bheda anuyogadvAra ke anusAra Avazyakaniyukti ke anusAra SaT khaNDAgama ke anusAra tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra akSara zruta zrutajJAna ke akSara-anakSara bheda kyoM? varNa kA svarUpa varNa ke bheda . svara vyaMjana akSarazruta ke prakAra saMjJA akSarazruta lipi ke aThAraha prakAra vyaJjana akSarazruta labdhi akSarazruta 216 218 218 218 219 220 220 220 221 222 222 223 224 224 224 224 225 225 225 226 226

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dhavalA meM akSarazruta ke prakAra dravyazruta-bhAvazruta pramAtA ko labdhyakSara kI prApti indriya jJAna anumAna hai akSarazruta ke adhikArI ekendriya meM zruta sabhI jIva ekendriya aura paMcendriya Agamika mata * eka akAra Adi kI paryAya akSara kI sva- para paryAya + eka kA jJAna sarva kA jJAna zrutajJAna aura kevalajJAna kI paryAya akSara kA paryavaparimANa kaunase jJAna kA anantavAM bhAga anAvRtta rahatA hai ? akSara jJAna meM kauna sA akSara iSTa hai zruta kI anAditA labdhyakSara ke bheda anakSara zruta * saMtrI zruta asaMtrI zruta - akSara zruta ke bheda saMjJA kA svarUpa saMjJA ke prakAra saMjJI kA svarUpa saMjJI asaMjJI zruta kA svarUpa dIrghakAlikopadezikI saMjJA + dIrghakAlikopadezikI saMjJA ke kArya dIrghakAlika saMjJA kI apekSA saMjJI asaMjJI jIva * dIrghakAlikopadezikI saMjJA kI apekSA saMjJI asaMjJI zruta * * hetuvAdopadezikI saMjJA * * * * * * hetuvAdopadezika saMjJA ke sambandha meM naMdI ke TIkAkAroM kA mata dRSTivAdopadezikI saMjJA * hetu kI apekSA saMjJI asaMjJI jIva hetu kI apekSA saMjJI asaMjJI zruta dIrghakAlakikI aura hetuvAda saMjJA meM antara kevalI saMjI kyoM nahIM ? mithyAdRSTi asaMjJI kyoM ? dRSTivAda kI apekSA saMjIta asaMjJIzruta (xiii) 227 227 227 228 228 229 230 230 231 232 233 234 235 235 236 236 236 237 239 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 243 243 243 243 244 244 244 244 245 245 245

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(xiv) 246 246 246 248 248 248 248 249 250 250 251 251 251 252 252 252 . 253 . naya kA 253 . 253 saMjJAoM ke svAmI saMjJAoM kA krama tattvArthasUtra kI paraMparA samyak zruta-mithyA zruta samyak zruta ke prakAra mithyAzruta ke prakAra samyak zruta ke racayitA mithyAzruta samyakadRSTi ke kisa rUpa meM hote haiM samyaktva ke bhedoM kA svarUpa aupazamika samakita sAsvAdana samakita kSayopazama samakita vedaka samakita kSAyika samakita matyAdi pAMca jJAnoM meM kitane jJAna mithyArUpa hote haiM samyaktva aura zrutajJAna meM antara sAdi zruta, anAdi zruta, sAdi saparyavasita zruta aura anAdi aparyavasita zruta naya kI apekSA se dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se bhavI-abhavI jIva kI apekSA se gamika zruta-agamika zruta aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya aMga zabda kI vyatputti aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya kA svarUpa uttarakAlIna Agama vibhAjana aMgabAhya kI racanA kA uddezya aMgapraviSTa kI racanA kA uddezya aMgabAhya ke do bheda Avazyaka kA svarUpa aura bheda Avazyaka vyatirikta ke bheda . kAlika sUtra ke bheda utkAlika sUtra ke bheda digambara paramparA meM aMgabAhya ke bheda prakIrNaka granya naMdIsUtra meM prakIrNaka kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM do mata AgamakAlIna mata vartamAna meM prakIrNakoM kI saMkhyA aMgapraviSTa ke bheda 256 257 257 257 258 260 260 260 261 261 261 262 262 263 263 263 264 264 265

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.zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA meM mAnya dvAdazAMgoM ke svarUpa kA saMkSipta paricaya AcArAMga sUtrakRtAMga sthAnAMga samavAyAMga vyAkhyA prajJapti (bhagavatI) jJAtAdharmakathA upAsakadazA antakRddazA anuttaraupapAtika praznavyAkaraNa vipAka zruta . zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM mAnya padoM kI saMkhyA kA cArTa dRSTivAda dRSTivAda ke bheda parikarma 265 266 267 267 268 269 270 271 271 273 273 274 276 276 277 277 sUtra 278 278 279 281 281 281 pUrvagata * pUrvagata ke prakAra * caudaha pUrvo kI viSayavastu * caudaha pUrvo kI pada saMkhyA evaM vastue~ anuyoga * mUla prathama anuyoga * gaNDikAnuyoga cUlika dvAdazAMgI kI pauruSeyatA dvAdazAMga ke viSaya dvAdazAMgI hI zrutajJAna dvAdazAMga kI zAzvatatA dvAdazAMga kI virAdhanA kA kuphala-suphala zratajJAna ke do viziSTa prakAra SadakhaNDAgama meM zrutajJAna ke bheda zrutajJAna kA viSaya vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA mata . Agama kA mata satpadaparupaNAdi nau anuyoga dvArA zrutajJAna kI prarupaNA zruta kA prAmANya zratajJAna meM anumAnAdi pramANoM kA samAveza samIkSaNa 282 282 283 283 283 283 284 284 284 289 . 290 290 292 293 292 293

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A 305 307 314 (wi) paMcama adhyAya :- vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna 299-396 avadhijJAna kI paribhASA 301 zvetAmbara AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM 301 . digambara AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM 301 avadhijJAna ke prakAra 303 bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna kA svarUpa 303 guNapratyaya (kSAyopazamikapratyaya) avadhijJAna kA svarUpa avadhijJAna ke anya prakAra | guNapratyaya ke prakAra AgamoM meM prApta prakAra 307 Avazyaka niyukti ke anusAra 308 SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra 309 tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra 309 caudaha nikSepoM ke anusAra avadhijJAna kA varNana 311 avadhi nikSepa 312 kSetra parimANa nikSepa 314 avadhi kA jaghanya kSetra parimANa spaSTIkaraNa 314 samIkSA 315 matAntara 315 jinabhadragaNi kA mata 316 AgamAnusAra 316 avadhijJAna kA utkRSTa kSetra parimANa avadhijJAna ke kSetra kA nApa 320 dratya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva kI vRddhi kAla kI vRddhi 322 kSetra kI vRddhi 322 dravya kI vRddhi paryAya kI vRddhi 323 . matAntara . sUkSma kA artha 323 avadhijJAnI ke jAnane yogya pudgala vargaNA kA svarUpa 325 dra vyavargaNA 326 dravya vargaNA ke prakAra 326 dravya vargaNA kA pariNAma 327 vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra dhruvAdi vargaNAoM kA svarUpa 329 paMcasaMgraha ke anusAra vargaNAoM kA vivecana 331 dravya vargaNA ke bayAlIsa prakAra 332 317 321 . . 323 . 323 323 * * * * *

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kSetra vargaNA kAla vargaNA bhAva vargaNA vyavahAra aura nizva naya se gurulaghu-agurulaghu dravya dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi kA svarUpa dezAvadhi + dezAvadhi ke bheda paramAvadhi sarvAdhi paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi kI tulanA avadhijJAna kA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA viSaya paramAvadhi kA dravya kI apekSA viSaya paramAvadhi ke bheda utkRSTa dezAvadhi aura paramAvadhi meM antara + dravya ke sAtha kSetra aura kAla kA sambandha paramAvadhi kA kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA viSaya tiryaMca saMsthAna dvAra nArakI devatA ke avadhijJAna kA kSetra + * * * paramAvadhi kA kAlAdi kI apekSA jJeya pramANa bhAva kI apekSA jaghanya utkRSTa avadhijJAna ke svAmI avadhijJAna kI dizA meM vRddhi AnugAmika- ananugAmika avadhijJAna AnugAmika avadhijJAna bhavanapati, vANavyaMtara, jyotiSI devoM ke avadhijJAna kA kSetra vaimAnika deva ke avadhijJAna kA kSetra vaimAnika devoM meM avadhijJAna kA utkRSTa pramANa aMtagata AnugAmika avadhijJAna aMtagata ke bheda * * dhavalATIkA meM antagata avadhijJAna ke prakAra madhyagata AnugAmika avadhijJAna * madhyagata ke prabheda aMtagata aura madhyagata meM aMtara anAnugAmika avadhijJAna sambaddha-asambaddha avadhijJAna anAnugAmika ke bheda mizra avadhijJAna anugAmika- ananugAmika avadhijJAna ke svAmI (ii) 332 333 333 333 334 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 337 338 339 339 340 341 341 342 343 345 345 345 346 348 350 350 351 353 353 354 355 355 355 356 357 357 357

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(xiii) 358 358 359 359 359 + . 359 360 360 360 361 361 362 362 362 363 365 365 365 365 avasthita avadhijJAna (kSetra-upayoga-labdhi se vicAraNA) avasthita ke sambandha meM anya graMthoM meM prApta carcA Avazyakaniyukti ke AdhAra para avasthita kA svarUpa kSetra kI apekSA upayoga kI apekSA * matAntara labdhi kI apekSA jaghanya avasthAna kisake hotA hai? . tattvArthasUtra ke AdhAra para avasthita kA svarUpa cala dvAra evaM avadhijJAna mUla meM vRddhi do prakAra kI hotI hai dravyAdi meM vRddhi | hAni + matAntara . dravyAdi kA paraspara saMbaMdha vardhamAna-hIyamAna . vRddhi aura hAni ke kAraNa tIvra-maMda dvAra evaM avadhijJAna tIvra-maMda-mizra kA svarUpa spardhaka avidhajJAna spardhaka kA svarUpa spardhakoM kA sthAna spardhakoM kI saMkhyA spardhakoM meM upayoga spardhaka ke prakAra anugAmI aura apratipAtI spardhakoM meM aMtara ananugAmI aura pratipAtI spardhakoM meM aMtara pratipAtI-apratipAtI avadhijJAna . pratipAtI aura anAnugAmika meM aMtara pratipAta-utpAda dvAra ke antargata avadhijJAna bAhya avadhijJAna kA svarUpa Abhyantara avadhi kA svarUpa + utpAda aura pratipAda ke sambandha meM mantavya jJAna-darzana tathA vibhaMga dvAra jJAna kA svarUpa darzana kA svarUpa jJAna aura darzana kA bheda kyoM? vibhaMgajJAnI ke prakAra deza dvAra aura avadhijJAna . eka kSetra, aneka kSetra avadhijJAna 365 366 366 366 366 367 367 367 369 369 370 371 371 372 372 372 372 373 374 375

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kSetra dvAra aura avadhijJAna saMbaddha aura asaMbaddha kA kSetra asambaddha aura spardhaka avadhi meM antara hai gati Adi dvAroM ke antargata avadhijJAna Rddhi (labdhi) dvAra evaM avadhijJAna * labdhi kA artha labdhi kA adhikArI vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM varNita labdhiyA~ labdhi aura audayika Adi bhAva vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM varNita labdhiyoM ke atirikti labdhiyA~ digambara paramparA meM labdhiyAM labdhiyoM ke sambandha meM prApta matAntara cakravartI labdhi bhavI ke hI kyoM hotI hai 28 labdhiyoM meM se bhavya - abhavya jIva meM pAI jAne vAlI labdhiyA~ samIkSaNa SaSTa adhyAya :- * vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM manaH paryavajJAna manaH paryavajJAna ke vAcaka zabda manaH paryavajJAna kA lakSaNa zvetAmbara AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM manaH paryavajJAna kA lakSaNa digambara AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM manaH paryavajJAna kA lakSaNa manaH paryavajJAna ke vAcaka zabdoM se niSpanna lakSaNa manaH paryavajJAna aura matijJAna manaH paryavajJAna aura anumAna manaH paryavajJAna aura zruta manaH paryavajJAna kI prApti se pUrva avadhijJAna kI AvazyakatA hai yA nahIM manaH paryavajJAna aura avadhijJAna kI abhinnatA evaM bhinnatA avadhijJAna aura manaH paryavajJAna kI abhinnatA avadhijJAna aura manaH paryavajJAna meM bhinnatA kI siddhiM manaH paryavajJAna kI arhatA arthAt adhikArI yA svAmI manuSya garbhajamanuSya karmabhUmijamanuSya saMkhyAtavarSAyuSyaka manuSya paryApta samyagdRSTi (xix) 376 376 377 377 378 378 378 378 383 383 385 386 386 386 387 397-444 397 398 398 399 399 401 402 402 402 403 404 405 407 407 407 408 408 409 409

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saMyata apramattasaMyata RddhiprApta saMyata strI ko manaH paryavajJAna manaH paryAyajJAna ke bheda zvetAmbara mAnyatA meM Rjumati - vipulamati manaH paryavajJAna kA svarUpa digambara mAnyatA meM Rjumati- vipulamati manaH parvavajJAna kA svarUpa Rjumati- vipulamati jJAna ke prabheda Rjumati manaH paryavajJAna ke prabheda vipulamati manaH paryavajJAna ke prabheda zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM mAnyatA bheda Rjumati- vipulamati kI tulanA manaH paryavajJAna ke jJeya saMbandhI vicAra prathama mata dUsarA mata vizeSyAzyakabhASya meM manaH paryavajJAna kA jJeya * manaH paryavajJAna se jAnane kI prakriyA kisakA mana manaH paryavajJAna kA viSaya hotA hai ? manaH paryavajJAna kA dravyAdi kI apekSA varNana manaH paryavattAna kA dravya manaH paryavajJAna kA kSetra + manaH paryavajJAna kA kAla manaH paryavajJAna kA bhAva jANai pAsar3a kI utpatti ke saMbaMdha meM vividha mata kSullaka (zuddha) pratara kA svarUpa manaH paryavajJAnI acakSudarzana se dekhatA hai manaH paryavajJAnI avadhidarzana se dekhatA hai vibhaMga darzana kI taraha manaH paryava darzana bhI avadhi darzana hai avadhisahita manaH paryavajJAna vAlA jAnatA aura dekhatA hai, jabaki avadhirahita manaH paryavajJAna vAlA sirpha jAnatA hai| manaH paryavajJAna sAkAra upayoga hone se usameM darzana nahIM hotA hai AgamAnusAra mata manaH paryavajJAna ke saMsthAna samIkSaNa (ex) 410 410 411 412 413 413 414 415 415 417 417 419 421 421 422 423 425 425 426 426 427 428 432 433 435 436 437 438 438 439 439 440 440

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(xxi) 445-504 445 446 446 446 448 451 452 452 452 453 453 453 454 454 455 saptama adhyAya:- vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna kevala jJAna ko anta meM kahane kA kAraNa kevalajJAna kA lakSaNa . zvetAmbara AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM kevalajJAna kA lakSaNa . digambara AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM kevalajJAna kA lakSaNa kevalajJAna ko paribhASita karane meM prayukta vizeSaNoM kA artha kevalajJAna ke svAmI athavA prakAra . kevalI kA lakSaNa bhavastha kevalajJAna bhavastha kevalajJAna ke bheda . sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna * sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna ke bheda ayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna ke bheda siddha kevalajJAna siddha kA svarUpa siddha kevalajJAna ke prakAra + anantarasiddha kevalajJAna anantarasiddha ke bheda parampara siddha kevalajJAna parampara siddha kevalajJAna ke bheda kevalajJAna prApti kI prakriyA kevalajJAna kI prApti ke hetu vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya kI apekSA karmoM kA kSaya kevalI samudghAta kevalI samudghAta kauna karatA hai? kevalI samudghAta kA prayojana kevalI samudghAta ke pUrva kI avasthA kevalI samudghAta kI prakiyA kevalI samudghAta meM karma prakRtiyoM kI kSapaNA kI prakriyA kevalI samudghAta meM yogoM kI pravRtti kevalI samudghAta ke bAda kI pravRtti kevalI ke yoga-nirodha kI prakriyA mana ke abhAva meM kevalI ke dhyAna kaise? siddha avasthA kI prApti 455 455 455 463 464 466 466 467 468 468 469 470 471 471 472 473 473 474 475

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(xxii) 475 477 478 478 478 479 480 480 480 481 486 488 488 489 490 491 siddha jIva ke sambandha meM jijJAsA-samAdhAna siddhoM ke rahane kA sthAna jIva ke siddha hone ke bAda kI avagAhanA siddhoM kA sukha siddhAvasthA meM jIva kI sthiti kevalI ke upayoga kI carcA abhedavAda yugapadvAda . kevalajJAna sarvAMga se jAnatA hai * kramavAda kevalI meM kevalajJAna ke sAtha zrutajJAna bhI hotA hai? . kevalajJAna aura zrutajJAna meM antara kevalajJAna kA viSaya zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra kevalajJAna kA viSaya digambara paramparA meM kevalajJAna kA viSaya kevalajJAna kI sva-para prakAzakatA kevalajJAna aura kevalI ke sambandha meM viziSTa varNana kevalajJAna-kevaladarzana utpanna hone evaM nahIM hone ke kAraNa kevaladarzana utpanna hotA huA bhI prathama samaya meM nahIM rukane ke kAraNa chamastha aura kevalajJAnI meM antara chamastha aura kevalajJAnI kI pahacAna kevalI ke dasa anuttara sarva ko jAnatA huA bhI vyAkula nahIM hotA kevalajJAnI paMcendriya athavA anIndriya hai kevalI ke mana hotA hai athavA nahIM? bhAvamana ke abhAva meM vacana kI utpatti kaise ho sakatI hai? kevalI no saMjJI-no asaMjJI kevalI ke yogoM kA sadbhAva kevalI aura matyAdijJAna ahaMtoM ko hI kevalajJAna kyoM, anya ko kyoM nahIM? IryApatha Asrava sahita bhI bhagavAn kaise ho sakate haiM gati Adi dvAroM ke mAdhyama se kevalajJAna kA varNana samIkSaNa 491 491 . . . . 492 492 492 493 493 493 494 . . . . . . 494 494 495 495 495 495 . 496 499 upasaMhAra sahAyaka grantha sUcI 505-514 515-523

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prathama adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhatti : eka paricaya AvazyakasUtra jainAgama sAhitya meM AvazyakasUtra kA vizeSa mahattva hai| isakI gaNanA aMga bAhya sUtroM meM kI jAtI hai| zramaNa caryA kI dRSTi se yaha Agama atyanta upAdeya hai| zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga bhI isakA adhyayana kara apane jIvana ko unnata banA sakatA hai| AvazyakasUtra para niyukti, bhASya evaM cUrNi ke rUpa meM vyAkhyA-sAhitya prApta hotA hai| bhASyakAroM meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| jinabhadragaNi IsavIya saptamazatI ke mahAn jainAcArya hue haiN| inhoMne vizeSAvazyakabhASya, bRhatsaMgrahaNI, vizeSaNavatI Adi mahattvapUrNa racanAeM kI haiM, jo Aja bhI jaina paramparA meM atyanta Adara ke sAtha par3hI jAtI haiN| vizeSAvazyakabhASya eka bhASyagrantha hai jo AvazyakasUtra para likhA gayA hai| jinabhadragaNi ke pUrva AvazyakasUtra para AcArya bhadrabAhu dvArA Avazyakaniyukti kI racanA kI gaI thii| ina ke pazcAt jinabhadragaNi viracita vizeSAvazyakabhASya eka mahattvapUrNa grantha ke rUpa meM svIkRta hai| jinabhadragaNi ke isa bhASya meM Avazyaka sUtra ke chaha AvazyakoM meM se mAtra prathama sAmAyika Avazyaka kI hI vivecanA 3603 prAkRta gAthAoM meM sampanna huI hai| ina gAthAoM para svayaM ne vRtti likhI hai, jo svopajJavRtti ke nAma se prasiddha hai evaM isameM vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA rahasya bhalIbhAMti spaSTa huA hai| koTyAcArya ne isa para vivaraNa kI racanA kI hai, jo 13700 zloka parimANa hai| maladhArI hemacandra dvArA vizeSAvazyakabhASya para lagabhaga 28000 zloka parimANa ziSyahitA nAmaka bRhadvRtti kA Alekhana kiyA gayA hai| samprati zvetAmbara jaina paramparA meM jinabhadragaNikRta vizeSAvazyakabhASya ko jJAnamImAMsA kI dRSTi se atyanta upayogI mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki isa bhASya meM matijJAnAdi pAMcoM jJAnoM kA sundara nirUpaNa huA hai| yahA~ para AvazyakasUtra, usake vyAkhyA sAhitya kA paricaya dene ke pazcAt jinabhadragaNi evaM vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA paricaya Age isI adhyAya meM diyA jaaegaa| naMdIsUtra meM AvazyakasUtra ko aMgabAhya AgamoM meM prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai| jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra gaNadharoM ke dvArA nahIM pUchane para tIrthaMkara dvArA jo abhivyakta hotA hai, athavA sthavira AcAryoM dvArA racita hotA hai, vaha aMgabAhya Agama hotA hai Avazyaka kA artha Atma-vizuddhi ke lie avazyakaraNIya kArya ko Avazyaka kahA jAtA hai| jIvita rahane ke lie jisa prakAra zvAsa lenA jarUrI hai, usI prakAra AdhyAtmika kSetra meM jIvana kI pavitratA ke lie jo kriyA athavA sAdhanA anivArya hai arthAt saMyama-sAdhanA ke aMgabhUta jo anuSThAna AvazyakarUpa se karaNIya hai, use hI Agama meM Avazyaka kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| 'Avazyaka' 1. aMgabAhiraM duvihaM paNNattaM, taM jahA AvassayaM ca AvassayavairittaM c| - naMdIsUtra pR. 160 2. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 550

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[2] vizeSAvazyaka bhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jaina sAdhanA kA mUla prANa hai tathA Avazyaka sUtra ke parijJAna se sAdhaka apanI AtmA ko nirakhane-parakhane kA eka mahAn upAya prApta karatA hai| sAdhu sAdhvI zrAvaka aura zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha dvArA samAcaraNIya nitya karttavya karma kA svarUpa Avazyaka sUtra meM pratipAdita hai| jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra 'Avazyaka' jJAnakriyAmaya AcaraNa hai, ataH mokSaprApti kA kAraNa hai| jisa prakAra kuzala vaidya upayukta pathya (AhAra) ke sevana kI AjJA detA hai, vaise hI bhagavAn ne sAdhakoM ke lie jina Avazyaka kriyAoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai, ve Avazyaka haiN| anuyogadvAracUrNi meM Avazyaka kI paribhASA isa prakAra se dI gaI hai 'suNNamappANaM taM pasatthabhAvehiM AvAsetIti AvAsaM' - jo guNazUnya AtmA ko prazasta bhAvoM se AvAsita karatA hai, vaha Avazyaka hai| anuyogadvAra kI TIkA meM samagrasyApi guNagrAmasyAvAsakamityAvAsakam' jo samasta guNoM kA nivAsa sthAna hai, vaha Avazyaka hai yA yoM kaheM ki jo prazasta guNoM se AtmA ko sampanna karatA hai, vaha Avazyaka hai / mUlAcAra ke anusAra jo rAga tathA dveSAdi vibhAvoM ke vazIbhUta nahIM hotA, vaha avaza hai| usa avaza kA AcaraNa yA kArya Avazyaka kahalAtA hai| aise hI bhAva niyamasAra meM bhI prApta hote haiM anuyogadvAra ke samAna hI vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM Avazyaka ke ATha paryAyavAcI nAma diye haiMAvazyaka, avazyakaraNIya, dhruvanigraha, vizodhi, adhyayanaSaTkavarga, nyAya, ArAdhanA aura mArga, yathAAvassayaM avassakaraNijjaM, dhuvaniggaho visohI ya / ajhayaNa- chakkavaggo, nAo ArAhaNA maggo // uparyukta nAma Avazyaka ke svarUpa, mahattva evaM usake vividha guNoM ko prakaTa karate haiN| isa prakAra inameM kiMcit arthabheda hone para bhI nAma samAna artha ko hI vyakta karate haiN| Avazyaka sUtra kA sAdhAna jIvana meM mahattva pUrNa sthAna hai / Avazyaka sUtra ke karttA DaoN. samaNI kusumaprajJA ke anusAra Avazyaka ke karttA ke bAre meM itihAsa mauna hai aura vidvAnoM meM bhI mataikya nahIM hai| yaha sUtra kisI eka sthavira AcArya kI kRti hai athavA aneka AcAryoM kI, isa bAre meM spaSTatayA kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| kucha vidvAn ise kisI eka AcArya kI kRti nahIM mAnate haiM / AcArya bhadrabAhu ke sAmane bhI isake kartRtva ke bAre meM koI jAnakArI nahIM thI anyathA jaiseki unhoMne dazavaikAlika niyukti meM dazavaikAlika ke karttA rUpa meM AcArya zayyaMbhava kA ullekha kiyA hai vaise hI Avazyakaniyukti meM bhI Avazyaka ke karttA kA nAmollekha avazya karate / gaNadhavAda kI bhUmikA meM paMDita mAlavaNiyAjI ne Avazyaka ke karttA ke bAre meM vicAra karate hue ise gadhaNara praNIta siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| isa prakAra prAcIna aura avAcana mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para yahA~ Avazyaka sUtra ke karttA ke bAre meM vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| 3. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 3-4 4. uddhRta yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, AvazyakasUtra, prastAvanA, pR. 16-17 5. Na vaso avaso avasassa kammAvassayaMti bodhavvA / mUlAcAra gAthA 515 6. niyamasAra, gAthA 141 8. Avazyaka niryukti bhAga 1, bhUmikA, pR. 20 7. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 872

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti : eka paricaya jainAgama ke mukhya rUpa se arthAgama aura sUtrAgama ye do bheda kiye jAte haiN| anuyogadvAra ke anusAra tIrthaMkara arthAgama ke kartA haiN| usa arthAgama ke AdhAra se gaNadhara sUtroM kI racanA karate haiM isalie sUtrAgama yA zabdAgama ke praNetA gaNadhara kahe jAte haiN| AvazyakasUtra aMgabAhya AgamoM meM parigaNita hai, ata: isakI racanA ko lekara do mAnyatAeM ubhara kara AyI haiM - prathama mAnyatA ke anusAra AvazyakasUtra tIrthaMkaroM kI artharUpa vANI ke AdhAra para sthavira AcArya dvArA racita hai| dvitIya mAnyatA ise gaNadharakRta svIkAra karatI hai| 1. prathama mAnyatA - anuyogadvArasUtra meM tIrthaMkaroM ko AcArAMga se lekara dRSTivAda paryanta bAraha aMgoM kA praNetA batAyA hai| kintu yaha kathana artharUpa Agama kI dRSTi se huA hai| sUtra rUpa dvAdazAMgI kI racanA gaNadharoM ne kI hai| naMdIsUtra meM bhI aisA ullekha hai| SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA" aura kasAyapAhuDa kI jayadhavalA TIkA meM dvAdazAMgI aura caudahapUrva ke sUtrakartA ke rUpa meM gaNadhara gautamasvAmI ko mAnya kiyA gayA hai| isa mAnyatA ke samarthana meM AcArya umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra meM kahA hai ki jo Agama gaNadharakRta haiM, ve aMgasUtra aura jo Agama sthavira kRta haiM, ve aMgabAhya kahalAte haiN| bRhatkalpabhASyA, vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra Agama ke racanAkAra tIrthaMkara, gaNadhara evaM sthavira AcArya tInoM hai| Avazyaka sUtra aMga bAhya hai, ataH yaha sthavira kRta hai| yahI prAcIna paramparA hai| AcArAMgaTIkA ke anusAra 'AvazyakAntarbhUtaH caturviMzatistava ArAtIyakAlabhAvinA bhadrabAhusvAminA'kAri'16 Avazyaka sUtra ke kucha adhyayana zrutakevalI AcArya bhadrabAhu Adi evaM paravartI aneka sthavira AcAryoM kI jJAna nidhi ke pratiphala rUpa haiN| ataH nizcaya hI isakA vartamAna rUpa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya se hI prArambha hokara vi. saM. 5-6 zatAbdI taka pUrNatA ko prApta ho cukA thaa| isa prakAra Avazyaka ke racanAkAra gaNadhara gautama, bhadrabAhu Adi aneka AcArya hue haiN| paM. sukhalAla saMghavI ne ise I. pU. cauthI zatAbdI ke prathama pAda taka racita mAnA hai| ata: isakI prAcInatA svataH hI siddha ho jAtI hai, kyoMki niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ne sarvaprathama niyukti kI racanA isI sUtra para kI hai| aisI avasthA meM mUla 'AvazyakasUtra' adhika se adhika unake kucha pUrvavartI yA samakAlIna kisI anya zrutadhara kA racita ho sakatA hai| paM. sukhalAla saMghavI ne Avazyaka ke karttA ke sambandha meM apanA niSkarSa likhate hue kahA hai ki "jo kucha ho, para itanA nizcita jAna par3atA hai ki tIrthaMkara ke samakAlIna sthaviroM se lekara bhadrabAhu ke pUrvavartI yA samakAlIna sthaviroM taka meM se hI kisI kI kRti Avazyaka sUtra hai|"18 9. a) atthaM bhAsai arahA suttaM gaMthaMti gaNaharA niuNaM / sAsaNassa hiyaTThAe tao suttaM pvttii| -Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 92 ba) suttaM gaNadharagathidaM taheva patteyabuddhakahayiM c| sudakevaliNA kahiyaM abhiNNadasapuvvigadhidaM c| - bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 33 sa) puNo teNiMdabhUdiNA bhAvasudapajjayapariNadeNa bArahaMgANaM cauddapuvvANaM ca gaMthANamekkeNa ceva muhutteNa kameNa rayaNA kdaa| tado bhAva-sudassa attha padANaM ca titthayaro kttaa| titthayarAdo suda-pajjAeNa godamo pariNado tti davva-sudassa godamo kttaa| tatto gaMtha-rayaNA jaadetti| - SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA) pu. 1. sU. 1.1.1, pR0 65, da) tado teNa goamagotteNa iMdabhUdiNA aMtomuhutteNAvahAriyaduvAlasaMgattheNa teNeva kAleNa kayaduvAlasaMgagaMtharayaNeNa guNehi sagasANassa suhammAiriyassa gaMtho vkkhaannido| - kasAyapAhuDa (jayadhavala) bhAga 1, gAthA 1, pR. 76 10. naMdI sUtra, sUtra 76, pR. 152 11. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA) pu. 1. sU. 1.1.1, pR065 12. kasAyapAhuDa (jayadhavala) bhAga 1, gAthA 1, pR. 76 13. tattvArtha bhASya 1.20 14. bRhatkalpabhASya gA0 144 15. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 550 16. AcArAMgaTIkA pR. 56 17. darzana aura cintana bhAga 2, pR. 194-196 18. darzana aura cintana bhAga 2, pR. 197

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vizeSAvazyaka bhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 2. dvitIya mAnyatA yaha mAnyatA AvazyakasUtra ko gaNadhara praNIta mAnane kI hai, jo kaba se zuru huI yaha to jJAta nahIM hotA hai, lekina sarvaprathama yaha paramparA Avazyakaniryukti meM dikhAI dI hai / niryuktikAra ke anusAra sAmAyikAdi adhyayanoM kI racanA bhagavAn ke upadeza ke AdhAra para gaNadharoM ne kI hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne bhI isa bAta ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki isameM maiM jo kucha kaha rahA hU~, vaha paramparA se prApta huA hai|' isI bAta kA samarthana jinabhadragaNi ne kiyA hai|" niryukti va bhASya ke mata kA anusaraNa TIkAkAra AcArya haribhadra, malayagiri maladhArI hemacandra ne bhI kiyA hai evaM AvazyakasUtra kI isa prAcIna paramparA kA varNana anuyogadvAra meM milatA hai| vahA~ bhI Avazyaka ke adhyayanoM ke viSaya meM Avazyaka niyukti meM Agata 'uddezAdi' pradarzaka gAthAeM usI rUpa meM haiN| AcArya haribhadra ne Avazyaka TIkA meM Avazyaka niryukti ke mata kA anusaraNa kiyA hai, isI prakAra maladhArI hemacandra ne bhI isI mata kA samarthana kiyA hai| ataH Avazyaka sUtra gaNadhara praNIta hai, yaha paramparA TIkAkAroM ko mAnya hai tathA yaha paramparA Avazyakaniyukti jitanI hI prAcIna bhI hai| naMdIsUtra ke cUrNikAra jinadAsagaNa aura TIkAkAra haribhadra donoM ne 'athavA' kahakara isa mAnyatA se bhinna jo dUsarI mAnyatA thI ki gaNadhara racita dvAdazAMgI hai aura sthavira praNIta aMgabAhya hai, kA bhI kathana kiyA hai, jisake anusAra aMgabAhya AvazyakasUtra sthavira praNIta siddha hotA hai saMkSepa meM kaheM to prAcIna mAnyatA ke anusAra Avazyaka kI aMgabAhya hone se gaNadhara praNIta nahIM mAnA jAtA thA, kintu bAda meM AcArya ise bhI gaNadhara kRta mAnane lge| sAtha hI yaha bhI mAnyatA rahI ki sarvaprathama Avazyaka sUtra hI gaNadhara kRta hai, bAda meM anya aMgabAhya AgamoM ko bhI gaNadhara kRta svIkAra kiyA jAne lgaa| isakA bhI kAraNa yaha hogA ki Agama graMthoM meM aneka sthaloM para jahA~-jahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSyoM ke prAyaH zruta kA varNana AtA hai vahA~-vahA~ unhoMne 'sAmAyikAdi gyAraha aMgoM kA adhyayana kiyA' aisA varNana milatA hai| sAmAyika, yaha Avazyaka kA prathama adhyayana hai ataH adhyayana krama meM pahalA sthAna hone se gyAraha aMgoM meM pahalA hai, ataH paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA Avazyaka ko gaNadhara kRta mAnate haiM / Avazyaka niyukti meM sAmAyika adhyayana ke viSaya meM ullekha hai ki yaha adhyayana gurujanoM ke dvArA upadiSTa aura AcArya paramparA dvArA Agata hai / 24 jinabhadragaNi aura maladhArI hemacandra ne gurujana kA artha jina, tIrthaMkara aura gaNadhara kiyA hai|" tIrthasthApanA ke prathama dina bhI Avazyaka to jarUrI hI hai| isalie tIrthaMkara AvazyakasUtra kA artharUpa meM nirUpaNa karate haiM evaM gaNadhara isakI racanA sUtrarUpa meM karate haiN| gaNadhara racita pratyeka sUtra kAlika hotA hai| kintu Avazyaka ubhayakAla karane kA hone se isakI alaga vyavasthA dI gayI hai| 19. sAmAiyanijjuttiM vocchaM uvaesiyaM gurujaNeNaM / AyariyaparaMparaeNa, AgayaM ANupuvvIe / Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 87, vizeSAvazyaka bhASyA gAthA 1080 20. (a) anaMgapraviSTamAvazyakAdi, tato'rhatpraNItatvAt / - hAribhadrIya pR. 78, malayagiri pR. 193 (ba) iha caraNakaraNakriyAkalApatarUmUlakalpaM sAmAyikAdiSaDadhyayanAtmaka zrutaskaMdharUpamAvazyakaM tAvadarthatastIrthakaraiH sUtratastu gnndhraivircitm| maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti pR. 1 [4] - 21. gaNadharavAda, prastAvanA, pR. 8 22. naMdIcUrNi pR. 78, hAribhadrIya pR. 78, malayagiri pR. 193, jaina tarkabhASA pR. 23 23. gaNadharavAda, prastAvanA pR0 9 24. Avazyaka niryukti gAthA 87, vizeSAvazyaka bhASyA gAthA 1080 25. jiNa gaNaharagurudesiyamAvariyaparaM parAgayaM tatto vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAvA 1081 evaM vRtti /

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti : eka paricaya 5] isake adhyayana kA krama sAmAyika se mAnA gayA hai| ataH Avazyaka ko AcArAMga kI prastAvanA, pIThikA, utthAnikA rUpa samajhanA caahie| pahale nizItha bhI AcArAMga meM hI rahA huA thaa| nizItha bhI prAyazcitta rUpa hai aura pratikramaNa bhI prAyazcitta rUpa hai| ataH ye donoM AcArAMga meM rahe hoNge| TIkA aura vyAkhyAoM meM ullekha hai ki maMgalAcaraNa ko sUtra kA bhAga hI samajhanA caahie| isI prakAra Avazyaka bhI prastAvanA rUpa hote hue bhI sUtra ke andara hI hai| anuyogadvAra ke racanAkAla taka Avazyaka ko utkAlika meM sthAna mila cukA thaa| kalyANavijaya jI kA bhI mAnanA hai ki Avazyaka pahale gaNadharakRta thA tathA bAda meM sthavirakRta ho gyaa| kucha bhAga gaNadharakRta jaisA thA, vaisA hI rakha diyA gayA tathA zeSa bhAga apane bhAvAnusAra raca diye ge| jaise AvazyakatA hone se kalpasUtra ko dazAzrutaskaMdha se pRthak kara diyA gayA vaise hI Avazyaka ko bhI AcArAMga se pRthak kara diyA gayA hai| katipaya AcArya Avazyaka ko no kAlika no ulkAlika mAnate haiN| lekina aisA mAnanA ucita nahIM haiM, kyoMki aMgabAhya ke do bheda hI haiM - kAlika aura utkaalik| Avazyaka sUtra ke chaha aMga AvazyakasUtra ke chaha aMga hote haiM - 1. sAmAyika 2. caturviMzatistava 3. vandana 4. pratikramaNa 5. kAyotsarga 6. prtyaakhyaan| digambara paramparA meM ina chaha aMgoM meM pAMcavAM pratyAkhyAna aura chaThA kAyotsarga hai, zeSa bheda samAna haiN| Antarika doSoM kI zuddhi evaM guNoM kI abhivRddhi ke lie AvazyakasUtra kI ukta chaha kriyAeM kAryakArI haiN| inase AdhyAtmika vizuddhi to hotI hI hai, sAtha hI vyAvahArika jIvana meM samatva, vinaya, kSamAbhAva Adi guNoM kI abhivRddhi hotI hai| jisake phalasvarUpa sAdhaka ko AtmazAnti kA anubhava hotA hai| 1. sAmAyika Avazyaka -sAmAyika jaina AcAra kA sAra hai| sAmAyika zramaNa aura zrAvaka donoM ke lie Avazyaka hai| zramaNa ke pAMca prakAra ke cAritra haiN| usameM bhI sAmAyika cAritra prathama hai| isI prakAra zrAvaka ke cAra zikSA vratoM meM sAmAyika vrata prathama hai arthAt jitane bhI zrAvaka haiM ve jaba sAdhanA kA mArga svIkAra karate haiM to zuruAta sAmAyika se hI karate haiN| jaina AcAradarzana rUpa bhavya prAsAda kA mUla sAmAyika hai| pApakArI pravRttiyoM kA tyAga karanA hI sAvadhayoga-parityAga kahalAtA hai| ahiMsA, samatA Adi sadguNoM kA AcaraNa niravadyayoga hai| sAvadhayoga kA parityAga kara zuddha svabhAva meM ramaNa karanA 'sama' kahalAtA hai| jisa sAdhanA ke dvArA usa 'sama' kI prApti ho, vaha sAmAyika hai P 'sama' zabda kA artha zreSTha hai aura 'ayana' kA artha AcaraNa hai arthAt zreSTha AcaraNa kA nAma sAmAyika hai| ahiMsA Adi zreSTha sAdhanA samaya para kI jAtI hai, vaha sAmAyika hai 7 sAmAyika meM mana, vacana aura kAyA kI duSTa vRttiyoM ko roka kara apane nizcita lakSya kI ora dhyAna kendrita kiyA jAtA hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM sAmAyika kI paribhASA karate hue likhA hai-'sam ekIbhAve vrtte| tadyathA, saMgataM ghRtaM saMgataM tailamityucyate ekIbhUtamiti gmyte| ekatvena ayanaM gamanaM samayaH, samaya eva saamaayikm| samayaH prayojanamasyeti vA vigrahya saamaayikm| arthAt sam upasargapUrvaka gati artha vAlI 'iN' dhAtu se 'samaya' zabda niSpanna hotA hai| sam - ekIbhAva, aya - gamana arthAt ekIbhAva ke dvArA bAhya pariNati se punaH mur3akara AtmA kI ora gamana karanA samaya hai| samaya kA bhAva sAmAyika hai| jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra sama arthAt 26. ahavA samassa Ao guNANa lAbho tti jo samAo so| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3480 27. AvazyakasUtra, prastAvanA pR. 20 28. sarvArthasiddhi, 7.12

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[6] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana rAga-dveSa virakta, aya arthAt ayana-gamana, ataH sama kI ora gamana karanA samAya hai aura vahI sAmAyika hai| isa prakAra jinabhadragaNi ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM sAmAyika kI vyAkhyA aneka niruktoM ke mAdhyama se kI hai| AcArya malayagiri kahate haiM ki 'samo-rAgadveSayorapAntarAlavartI madhyasthaH, iN gatau ayanaM ayo gamanamityarthaH, samasya ayaH samayaH-samIbhUtasya sato mokSAdhvani pravRttiH samAya eva sAmAyikam arthAt rAga-dveSa ke kAraNoM meM madhyastha rahanA sama hai| madhyasthabhAvayukta sAdhaka kI mokSa ke abhimukha jo pravRtti hai, vaha sAmAyika hai| vaTTekara ke anusAra samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, saMyama aura tapa ke sAtha jo prazasta samAgama hai, vaha samaya hai, use hI sAmAyika kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra Avazyaka sUtra kI niyukti, cUrNi, bhASya, hAribhadrIyA vRtti, malayagirivRtti Adi meM sAmAyika ke vividhi dRSTiyoM se vibhinni artha kiye gae haiN| sAmAyika kA phala - sAmAyika karane vAlA sAdhaka mana, vacana aura kAya ko sAdha letA hai| vaha viSaya, kaSAya aura rAga-dveSa se vimukha ho kara hI samabhAva meM ramaNa karatA hai| virodhI ko dekhakara usake antarmAnasa meM krodha utpanna nahIM hotA aura hitaiSI ko dekhakara vaha rAga se prasanna nahIM hotA hai |vh nindA aura prazaMsA se vicalita nahIM hotA hai arthAt anukUla paristhiti ho, yA pratikUla, para vaha sadA samabhAva meM rahatA hai| sAmAyika kA sAdhaka ciMtana karatA hai ki saMyoga aura viyoga ye donoM hI AtmA ke svabhAva nahIM haiN| ye to zubhAzubha karmoM ke udaya kA phala hai| parakIya padArthoM ke saMyoga aura viyoga se AtmA kA na hita ho sakatA hai aura na ahita hii| isalie vaha satata samabhAva meM rahatA hai| sAmAyika kI sAdhanA bahuta hI utkRSTa sAdhanA hai| anya jitanI bhI sAdhanAeM haiM, ve sabhI sAdhanAeM isameM antarnihita ho jAtI haiN| AcArya jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ne 'sAmAiyaM saMkhevo coddasa puvvatthapiMDotti'33 arthAt sAmAyika ko saMkSepa meM caudaha pUrva kA arthapiNDa kahA hai| AcArya jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne sAmAyika ko AdyamaMgala mAnA hai| upAdhyAya yazovijaya ne tattvArthavRtti meM sAmAyika ko sampUrNa dvAdazAMgI kA sAra rUpa batAyA hai| ___ pAtra-bheda se sAmAyika ke do bheda hote haiM - 1. gRhastha kI sAmAyika 2. zramaNa kI sAmAyika gRhastha kI sAmAyika paramparA se 48 miniTa arthAt eka muhUrta yA do ghar3I kI hotI hai, kintu vaha apanI sthiti ke anusAra adhika samaya ke lie bhI sAmAyika-vrata kara sakatA hai| zramaNa kI sAmAyika yAvajjIvana ke lie hotI hai| 2. caturviMzatistava - SaDAvazyaka meM dUsarA Avazyaka caturviMzatistava hai| loka ke caubIsa uttama puruSa tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti jisa Avazyaka meM kI jAtI hai, use caturviMzatistava kahate haiN| sAmAyika nAmaka prathama Avazyaka meM sAdhaka sAvadha yoga se nivRtta ho kara koI na koI AlaMbana svIkAra karatA hai jisase vaha samabhAva meM sthira raha ske| ataH vaha tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti karatA hai| 29. rAga-ddosavirahio samo tti ayaNaM ayo tti gamaNaM ti| samagamaNaM ti samAo sa eva sAmAiyaM naam| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3477 30. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3477-3486 31. Avazyaka malayagirivRtti, 854 32. sammatta-NANa-saMjama-tavehi-jaM taM pstthsmgmnnN| samayaM tu taM bhaNidaM tameva sAmAiyaM jaann| - mUlAcAra gAthA 519 33. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2796 34. AdimaMgalaM sAmAiyajjhayaNaM - Avazyaka cUrNi 35. tattvArthavRtti 1.1 36. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 796

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti : eka paricaya tIrthaMkara tyAga, vairAgya, saMyama-sAdhanA kI dRSTi se mahAn haiN| unake guNoM kA utkIrtana karane se sAdhaka ke antarhRdaya meM AdhyAtmika bala kA saMcAra hotA hai| yadi kisI kAraNavaza zraddhA zithila ho jAye to usakA sthirIkaraNa hotA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke guNoM kA utkIrtana karane se hRdaya pavitra hotA hai| 3. vandana - sAdhanA ke kSetra meM tIrthaMkara (deva) ke pazcAt dUsarA sthAna guru kA AtA hai| ataH tIsare Avazyaka meM guru ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| jIvana meM guru kA advitIya sthAna hai kyoMki pratyeka samaya aura pratyeka sthAna para tIrthaMkaroM kA saMyoga milanA saMbhava nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM tIrthaMkara upadiSTa dharma ko batAne vAle, sAdhanA kI rAha dikhAne vAle guru hI hote haiN| sAdhanA kSetra meM Age bar3hane ke lie guru kA mArgadarzana atyadhika Avazyaka hai| ata: guru ke prati kRtajJatA prakaTa karane ke lie tIsare Avazyaka meM guru ko vaMdana kiyA gayA hai| vaMdana vinaya kA sUcaka hotA hai| jaina AgamoM meM vinaya ko dharma kA mUla kahA hai| vaMdana karane se ahaMkAra naSTa hotA hai, vinaya kI prApti hotI hai| 4. pratikramaNa - jaina paramparA meM pratikramaNa eka viziSTa zabda hai| pratikramaNa kA zAbdika artha hai punaH lauttnaa| hama apanI maryAdAoM kA atikramaNa kara, apanI svabhAva-dazA se nikalakara vibhAva-dazA meM cale jAte haiM, ataH punaH svabhAva rUpa sImA meM pratyAgamana karanA pratikramaNa hai| jo pApa mana, vacana aura kAyA se svayaM kiye jAte haiM, dUsaroM se karavAye jAte haiM aura dUsaroM ke dvArA kiye hue pApoM kA anumodana kiyA jAtA hai, una sabhI pApoM kI nivRtti hetu, kiye gaye pApoM kI AlocanA karanA, nindA karanA pratikramaNa hai| AcArya hemacandra meM yogazAstra kI svopajJavRtti meM 'asya pratipUrvasya bhAvAna'ntasya pratIpaM kramaNaM pratikramaNaM, ayamarthaH - zubhayogebhyo'zubhayogAntaraM krAntasya zubheSveva kramaNAt pratIpaMkramaNam'37 arthAt zubha yogoM se azubha yogoM meM gaye hue svayaM ko punaH zubha yogoM meM lauTA lAnA pratikramaNa hai| pratikramaNa meM 'prati' upasarga hai aura 'kramu' ghAtu hai| prati kA tAtparya hai -pratikUla aura krama kA tAtparya hai - pdnikssep| jina pravRttiyoM meM sAdhaka samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra rUpa svasthAna se haTakara mithyAtva, ajJAna, asaMyama rUpa pApasthAna meM calA gayA hai, usakA punaH apaneApa meM lauTa AnA pratikramaNa hai| prAyaH yaha samajhA jAtA hai ki pratikramaNa atIta kAla meM lage doSoM kI hI zuddhi ke lie hai, para AcArya bhadrabAhu ne Avazyaniyukti meM batAyA hai ki pratikramaNa kevala atIta kAla meM lage doSoM kI hI zuddhi nahIM karatA apitu vaha vartamAna aura bhaviSya ke doSoM kI bhI zuddhi karatA hai| atItakAla meM lage doSoM kI zuddhi to pratikramaNa meM kI hI jAtI hai, vartamAna meM bhI sAdhaka saMvara sAdhanA meM lagA rahane se pApoM se bhI nivRtta ho jAtA hai| sAtha hI pratikramaNa meM vaha pratyAkhyAna grahaNa karatA hai, jisameM bhAvI doSoM se bhI baca jAtA hai| bhUtakAla ke azubha yoga se nivRtti, vartamAna meM zubha yoga meM pravRtti aura bhaviSya meM bhI zubha yoga meM pravRtti karUMgA, isa prakAra vaha saMkalpa karatA hai| sAdhaka pratikramaNa meM apane jIvana kA gaharAI se nirIkSaNa karatA hai| usake mana meM, vacana meM, kAyA meM ekarUpatA hotI hai| sAdhaka sAdhanA karate samaya kabhI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ke kAraNa sAdhanA se cyuta ho jAtA hai, usase bhUla ho jAtI hai to vaha pratikramaNa ke samaya apane jIvana kA gaharAI se avalokana kara eka-eka doSa kA pariSkAra karatA hai| yadi mana meM chipe hue doSa ko lajjA ke kAraNa prakaTa nahIM kara sakA, to una doSoM ko bhI sadguru ke samakSa yA bhagavAn kI sAkSI se 37. yogazAstra bhAga 2, tRtIya prakAza, svopajJavRtti pR. 688

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana prakaTa karatA hai| isa prakAra pratikramaNa jIvana ko sudhArane kA zreSTha sAdhana hai, AtmadoSoM kI AlocanA karane se pazcAttApa kI bhAvanA jAgRta hone lagatI hai aura usa pazcAttApa kI agni meM sabhI doSa jalakara naSTa ho jAte haiN| jaba sAdhaka pratikramaNa ke mAdhyama se apane jIvana kA nirIkSaNa karatA hai to apane jIvana ke hajAroM durguNoM se sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| una durguNoM ko vaha dhIra-dhIre nikAlane kA prayAsa karatA hai| jisa prakAra jaina paramparA meM pApoM ke avalokana ke lie pratikramaNa kA vidhAna hai usI prakAra bauddha dharma meM isake lie pravAraNA hai| pravAraNA meM dRSTa, zruta, parizaMkita doSoM kA parimArjana kiyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra se vaidika dharma meM saMdhyA kA vidhAna hai| yaha eka dhArmika anuSThAna hai| jise prAtaH va sAyaM kAla donoM samaya kiyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra anya dharmoM meM bhI pApa ko prakaTa kara doSoM se mukta hone kA jo upAya batAyA gayA hai, vaha pratikramaNa se hI milatA-julatA hai| pratikramaNa jIvanazuddhi kA zreSThatama prakAra hai| 5. kAyotsarga - kAyotsarga kA zAbdika artha hai kAyA kA utsarga (tyAga) krnaa| kAyA ke tyAga se tAtparya hai zArIrika caMcalatA aura dehAsakti kA tyAga krnaa| sAdhanA jIvana meM satata sAvadhAna rahate hue bhI prasaMgavaza doSa laga jAte haiM, una doSoM kI zuddhi ke lie kAyotsarga eka prakAra kA marahama hai| jo doSa rUpI ghAvoM ko ThIka kara detA hai| jina aticAroM kA pratikramaNa ke dvArA zuddhI karaNa nahIM hotA hai unheM kAyotsarga dvArA niSphala kiyA jAtA hai| isake lie sAdhaka kAyotsarga meM kucha samaya taka saMsAra ke bhautika padArthoM se vimukha ho kara AtmasvarUpa meM lIna hotA hai arthAt sAdhaka bahirmukhI se antarmukhI aura anAsakta banakara rAga-dveSa se uparata ho kara zArIrika mamatA kA tyAga karatA hai| sAdhanA meM zarIra kI Asakti hI sabase bar3I bAdhaka hai| kAyotsarga meM zarIra kI mamatA kama hone se sAdhaka zarIra ko saMjAne-saMvArane se haTakara AtmabhAva meM lIna rahatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki sAdhaka ke lie kAyotsarga du:khoM kA anta karane vAlA batAyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM kAyotsarga kA vizeSa mahattva hai| kAyotsarga kA mukhya uddezya hai AtmA kA sAnnidhya prApta karanA aura sahaja guNa hai mAnasika santulana banAye rkhnaa| 6. pratyAkhyAna - yaha antima Avazyaka hai| pratyAkhyAna kA artha hai - tyAga krnaa| pratyAkhyAna zabda kA nirmANa prati-A-AkhyAna ina tIna zabdoM ke saMyoga se huA hai| AtmasvarUpa ke prati abhivyApta rUpa se, jisase anAzaMsA guNa samutpanna ho, isa prakAra kA AkhyAna arthAt kathana karanA pratyAkhyAna hai| athavA bhaviSyakAla ke prati A-maryAdA ke sAtha azubha yoga se nivRtti aura zubha yoga meM pravRtti kA AkhyAna karanA pratyAkhyAna hai| mAnava kI icchAeM asIma hotI haiN| vaha sabhI vastuoM ko pAnA cAhatA hai| icchAeM dina dUnI aura rAta caugunI bar3hatI rahatI haiN| icchAoM ke kAraNa mAnava jIvana meM sadA azAMti banI rahatI hai| usa azAMti ko naSTa karane kA eka upAya pratyAkhyAna hai| pratyAkhyAna se azAnti ke mUla kAraNa Asakti (tRSNA) kA nAza hotA hai, kyoMki jaba taka Asakti hai, taba taka zAMti prApta nahIM ho sktii| sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vaMdana, pratikramaNa aura kAyotsarga ke dvArA Atmazuddhi kI jAtI hai| kintu jIvana meM punaH Asakti kA praveza na ho, usake lie pratyAkhyAna Avazyaka hai| AvazyakoM ke krama kA aucitya - saMkSepa meM kaheM to Avazyaka meM jo sAdhanA kA krama hai, vaha kArya kAraNa bhAva kI zrRMkhalA para AdhArita hai tathA pUrNa vaijJAnika hai| sAdhanA ke lie sarvaprathama samatA ko prApta karanA Avazyaka hai| binA samatA ko apanAye sadguNoM kI prApti nahIM hotI hai aura avaguNoM kA nAza nahIM hotA hai| jaba antarmana meM viSayabhAva kI Asakti ho taba vItarAgI mahApuruSoM ke guNoM kA

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prathama adhyAya vizeSAvazyaka bhASya evaM bRhadvRtti : eka paricaya [9] utkIrtana karanA duSkara hai| samabhAva ko jIvana meM dhAraNa karane vAlA vyakti hI mahApuruSoM ke guNoM kI stuti karatA hai aura unake sadguNoM ko apane AcaraNa meM lAtA hai, jIvana meM utAratA hai| isIlie sAmAyika Avazyaka ke pazcAt caturviMzatistava Avazyaka rakhA gayA hai| jaba guNoM ko vyakti hRdaya meM dhAraNa karatA hai, tabhI usakA sira mahApuruSoM ke caraNoM meM jhukatA hai| bhakti bhAvanA se vibhora hokara vaha unheM vandana karatA hai, isIlie tRtIya Avazyaka vandana hai / vandana karane vAle sAdhaka kA hRdaya sarala hotA hai, khulI pustaka kI taraha usake jIvana pRSThoM ko pratyeka vyakti par3ha sakatA hai| sarala vyakti hI apane doSoM kI AlocanA karatA hai, ataH vaMdana ke pazcAt pratikramaNa Avazyaka kA nirUpaNa hai| bhUloM kA smaraNa kara una bhUloM se mukti pAne ke lie tana evaM mana meM sthiratA honA Avazyaka hai| kAyotsarga meM tana aura mana ko ekAgra kiyA jAtA hai aura sthira vRtti kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai| jaba tana aura mana sthira hotA hai, tabhI pratyAkhyAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / mana DAMvADola sthiti meM ho, taba pratyAkhyAna sambhava nahIM hai| isIlie pratyAkhyAna Avazyaka kA sthAna chaThA rakhA gayA hai| isa prakAra yaha SaDAvazyaka AtmanirIkSaNa, AtmaparIkSaNa aura AtmotkarSa kA zreSThatama upAya hai SaDAvazyakoM kA sAdhaka ke jIvana meM bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / Avazyaka se AdhyAtmika zuddhi hotI hai sAtha hI laukika jIvana meM samatA, namratA, kSamAbhAva Adi sadguNoM kI vRddhi hone se Ananda ke nirmala nirjhara bahane lagate haiM / sAdhaka cAhe zrAvaka ho athavA, zramaNa, use ina Avazyako kI sAdhanA karanI hotI hai / sAdhu evaM zrAvaka kI Avazyaka - sAdhanA kI gaharAI aura anubhUti meM tIvratA, maMdatA ho sakatI hai aura hotI hai| zrAvaka kI apekSA zramaNa ina kriyAoM ko adhika tallInatA ke sAtha kara sakatA hai, kyoMki vaha saMsAra tyAgI hai, AraMbha samArambha se sarvathA virata hai| isI kAraNa usakI sAdhanA meM zrAvaka kI apekSA adhika tejasvitA hotI hai / Avazyaka sUtra kA vyAkhyA sAhitya Agama - sAhitya para nuiryakti, saMgrahaNI, bhASya, cUrNi, TIkA, vivaraNa, vivRtti, vRtti, dIpikA, TabbA Adi vipula vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya likhA gayA hai kyoMki mUla graMtha ke rahasyodghATana ke lie usakI vibhinna vyAkhyAoM kA adhyayana anivArya nahIM to bhI Avazyaka to hai hii| mUla graMtha ke rahasya kA udghATana karane ke lie vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya kA nirmANa karanA bhAratIya graMthakAroM kI bahuta hI prAcIna paramparA hai| isa sAhitya ko mukhya rUpa se niyukti (prAkRta padya), bhASya ( prAkRta padya), cUrNi ( saMskRta - prAkRta mizrita gadya), TIkA (saMskRta gadya) aura TabbA ( lokabhASAoM meM racita vyAkhyAeM) ina pAMca vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| lekina sabhI AgamoM para niyukti, bhASya aura cUrNi nahIM likhe gaye haiN| samasta AgamoM para TIkAeM upalabdha haiN| AcArya hastImalajI ke anusAra 28veM paTTadhara AcArya harila sUri ke uttarakAla meM mUlAgamoM ke sthAna para niyukti, bhASya aura cUrNi ke yuga kA prAdurbhAva huA jo dhIre-dhIre bar3hatA gayA / antatogatvA lagabhaga vIra nirvANa kI 12 vIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha se AgamoM ke sthAna para bhASyoM, vRttiyoM tathA cUrNiyoM ko jaina saMgha kA bahuta bar3A bhAga dhArmika saMvidhAna ke rUpa meM mAnane lgaa| * Avazyaka sUtra jaina zruta kA eka prasiddha evaM dainika upayogI grantha hai| isakA pracAra apane racanA kAla se lekara uttarottara bar3hatA hI gayA hai| Aja bhI jitanA vyAkhyA sAhitya isa sUtra ke 38. Avazyaka sUtra, prastAvanA pR0 20 39. jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 3, pR. 426

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[10] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana saMbaMdha meM prApta hotA hai, utanA anya kisI bhI sUtra ke sambandha meM nhiiN| isakA kAraNa hai ki isameM zramaNa aura zrAvaka kI dainika Avazyaka kriyA kA varNana hai| isa graMtha para prAcIna prAkRta aura saMskRta TIkAoM se AraMbha kara Adhunika gujarAtI, hindI Adi bhASAoM meM upalabdha prabhUta sAhitya isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki pratyeka zatAbdI meM Avazyaka sUtra para kucha na kucha likhA gayA hai| Avazyaka sUtra ke mukhya rUpa se likhe gaye vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya ke pAMca prakAra hai - 1. niyukti - Avazyakaniyukti 2. bhASya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya 3. cUrNi - AvazyakacUrNi 4. vRtti - AvazyakavRtti 5. stabaka (TabbA) vartamAna samaya meM hindI, gujarAtI, aMgrejI Adi bhASAoM meM bhI Avazyaka kA vivecana upalabdha hai| 1. Avazyaka niyukti evaM niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu jisa prakAra vedoM ke zabdoM kI vyAkhyA ke lie nirukta kI racanA huI vaise hI jaina AgamoM ke artha ko spaSTa karane ke lie yA mUla graMtha ke pratyeka zabda kI vivecanA evaM AlocanAtmaka jJAna ke lie una para vyAkhyAtmaka graMtha likhane kI zuruAta niyukti se huI hai| sUtra meM nizcaya kiyA huA artha jisameM nibaddha ho use niyukti kahate haiN| niyukti ko paribhASita karate hue AcArya bhadrabAhu ne likhA hai -nijjuttA te atthA, jaM baddhA teNa hoi nijuttI yadi saMkSepa meM niyukti kI paribhASA kareM to zabda kA sahI artha batAnA niyukti hai| niyuktiyoM kI vyAkhyAna zailI nikSepa paddhati ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai arthAt nikSepa-paddhati ke AdhAra para kiye jAne vAle zabdArtha ke nirNaya (nizcaya) kA nAma niyukti hai| yaha vyAkhyA-paddhati bahuta prAcIna hai| isakA anuyogadvAra Adi meM darzana hotA hai| isa paddhati meM kisI eka pada ke saMbhavita aneka artha karane ke bAda unameM se aprastuta arthoM kA niSedha karake prastuta artha grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| jaina nyAyazAstra meM isa paddhati kA bahuta hI mahattva hai| niyukti AgamoM para AryA chaMda meM prAkRta gAthAoM meM likhA huA saMkSipta vivecana hai| isameM viSaya kA pratipAdana karane ke lie aneka kathAnaka, udAharaNa aura dRSTAMtoM kA upayoga huA hai| IsavI san kI pAMcavIM-chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva hI, niyuktiyA~ likhI jAne lagI thiiN| vikrama saMvat kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM nayacakra ke kartA mallavAdI ne apane graMtha meM niyukti kI gAthA kA uddharaNa diyA hai42 isase niyuktiyoM kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai| niyukti kI paribhASA - jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra - 1. 'nijjuttI vakkhANaM' (niyuktiH vyAkhyAnam) arthAt niyukti kA artha vyAkhyA hai| kintu isa vyAkhyA meM anugama (anuyoga) paddhati kA avalambana vizeSa rUpa se liyA jAtA hai| 2. sUtra aura artha kA yoga yA artha ghaTanA ko yukti kA jAtA hai aura nizcayapUrvaka yA adhikatA (vistAra) pUrvaka artha kA samyak nirUpaNa niyukti hai| athavA niyukta arthoM kI yukti (niyuktayukti) hI niyukti hai, arthAt sUtroM meM hI paraspara sambaddha arthoM se yukti karanA hI niyukti hai| 40. gaNadharavAda, prastAvanA pR0 2 41. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 82 42. bRhatkalpa sUtra, (saM. muni puNyavijaya) bhAga 6 kI prastAvanA pRSTha 6 43. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 965 aura bRhavRtti 44. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 1085-1086 aura bRhadvRtti

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti : eka paricaya [1] koTyAcArya ke anusAra - viSaya aura viSayI ke nizcita artha kA saMbaMdha jor3anA niyukti hai| jinadAsagaNi kA kathana hai ki sUtra meM niyukti artha kA ni!haNa karane vAlI vyAkhyA niyukti hai| maladhArI hemacandra ne niyukti kI paribhASA dete hue kahA hai ki sUtra aura artha kA paraspara sambandha sthira karanA niyukti hai|" sUtra kA vyAkhyAna karane kI anuyoga paddhati ke tIna aMga hote haiM - 1. sUtrArtha nirUpaNa 2. niyukti (sUtra sparzika) 3. vistRta (samagratA se) vivecn| isa prakAra niyukti eka vizeSa vyAkhyA paddhati hai jo anuyoga paddhati kA aMga hai| 8 / niryakti kI saMkhyA - niryaktikAra AcArya bhadrabAha ne dasa niyuktiyA~ likhI hai, jo isa prakAra haiM - 1 Avazyaka niyukti, 2 dazavaikAlika niyukti, 3 uttarAdhyayana niyukti, 4 AcArAMga niyukti, 5 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti, 6 dazAzrutaskaMdha niyukti, 7 bRhatkalpa niyukti, 8 vyavahAra niyukti, 9 sUryaprajJapti niyukti aura 10 RSibhASita niyukti| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne apanI sarva-prathama kRti Avazyakaniyukti meM niyukti racanA kA saMkalpa karate samaya uparyukta krama se graMthoM kI nAmAvalI dI hai| uparyukta dasa niyuktiyoM meM se aMtima do ko chor3a kara zeSa vartamAna meM upalabdha hai| AcArya bhadrabAhukRta dasa niyuktiyoM kA racanA-krama vahI hai jisa krama se uparyukta nAma diye gaye haiN| isakI siddhi sapramANa DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne zodhAlekha 'niyukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana' meM kI hai| Avazyaka niyukti sabhI niyuktiyoM meM prathama niyukti hai, ataH yaha niyukti sAmagrI, zailI Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se adhika upayogI va mahattvapUrNa hai| Avazyaka niyukti meM aneka mahattvapUrNa viSayoM para vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| Avazyaka niyukti ke pazcAt kI niyuktiyoM meM una viSayoM kI carcAeM na kara Avazyaka niyukti ko dekhane kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai| ataH anya niyuktiyoM ko acchI taraha se samajhane ke lie pahale Avazyaka niyukti kA jJAna Avazyaka hai| Avazyaka niyukti para jinabhadragaNi, jinadAsagaNi, haribhadra, koTyAcArya, malayagiri, maladhArI hemacandra, mANikyazekhara Adi AcAryoM ne vividha vyAkhyAeM likhI haiN| niyukti meM vyAkhyA vidhi - niyukti kI vyAkhyAna zailI kA varNana karate hue svayaM AcArya ne kahA hai ki "AharaNaheukAraNapadanivahamiNaM samAseNaM 49 arthAt isameM dRSTAMta-pada, hetu-pada tathA kAraNa-pada kA Azraya lekara saMkSipta nirUpaNa karanA hai| anyatra AcArya ne kahA hai - jiNavayaNaM siddhaM ceva bhaNNaI katthavI udaahrnnN| Asajja u soyAraM heUvi kahaMciya bhnnejaa| arthAt bhagavAn ne jo upadeza diyA vaha to siddha hI hai| use anumAna dvArA siddha karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, tathApi zrotA kI dRSTi ko lakSya meM rakhakara kahIM Avazyaka pratIta ho to vahA~ dRSTAnta kA upayoga karanA cAhie aura zrotA kI yogyatA ke anusAra hetu dekara bhI samajhAnA caahie| bhadrabAha ne isa niyama kA pAlana sabhI niyuktiyoM meM kiyaa| 45. niyojanaM nizcitaM sambandhanaM tayo vissyvissyinnoniyuktirbhidhiiyte| - koTyAcArya vizeSAvazyakabhASya vRtti, pR. 276 46. suttanijutta-atthanijUhaNaM nijjuttii| AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1. pR. 92 47. tayoH sUtrArthayoH parasparaM niryojanam-asya sUtrasya ayamarthaH ityevaM sambandhanaM niyuktiH| -vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI bRhadvRtti gAthA 1071 48. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 566 49. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 84-85 49. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 86 50. dazavaikAlika niyukti, gAthA 49

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[12] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana niyuktikAra kI vizeSatA hai ki ve pahale vyAkhyeya viSaya ke dvAra nizcita kara dete haiM aura tatpazcAt eka-eka dvAra kA spaSTIkaraNa karate haiN| dvAroM meM vizeSata: aneka sthala aise haiM jahA~ nAmAdi nikSepoM kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| vyAkhyeya zabda ke paryAyavAcI zabda avazya likhe jAte haiM aura zabdArtha ke bhedoM-prakAroM kA bhI ullekha kiyA jAtA hai| ina saba bAtoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa atyanta saMkSepa meM vastu sambaMdhI sabhI jJAtavya bAteM Avazyaka vistAra ke binA hI batAI jA sakatI haiN| AcArya bhadrabAhu zabdoM kI vyatputti artha-pradhAna aura zabda-pradhAna donoM prakAra se karate haiN| yahAM prAkRta bhASA ke zabda vyAkhyeya haiM, unakI vyutpatti karate hue AcArya saMskRta-dhAtuoM se cipake nahIM rahate, ve prayatna karate haiM ki zabda ko tor3akara kisI bhI prakAra prAkRta zabda ke AdhAra para hI vyutpatti kI jAe aura usase iSTa artha kI prApti kI jaae| isake udAharaNa ke lie 'micchA mi dukkaDaM'51 kI niyukti draSTavya hai, jo isa prakAra hai - 'micchA mi dukkaDaM' isa pada meM chaha akSara haiN| unameM 'mi' kA 'mRdutA', 'chA' kA 'doSAcchAdana', 'mi' kA 'maryAdA meM rahate hue', 'du' kA 'doSayukta AtmA kI jugupsA', 'ka' kA kiyA gayA doSa' aura 'Da' kA 'atikramaNa' akSarArtha karake isa prakAra se yaha artha sUcita kiyA hai- 'namratA pUrvaka cAritra kI maryAdA meM raha kara doSa nivAraNa ke nimitta maiM AtmA kI jugupsA karatA hU~ aura kiye hue doSa kA isa samaya pratikramaNa karatA huuN|' isI prakAra AcArya ne 'uttama' zabda kI jo vyutpatti kI hai vaha manasvI hone ke sAtha-sAtha AdhyAtmika artha-yukta hone ke kAraNa rocaka pratIta hotI hai| aise anya aneka udAharaNa diye jA sakate haiN| Avazyaka niyukti kI viSayavastu aMgoM meM AcArAMga kA krama sarvaprathama hai, tathApi AcArya ne gaNadhara-kata sampUrNa zrata ke Adi meM sAmAyika kA tathA anta meM bindusAra kA ullekha kara likhA hai ki zruta-jJAna kA sAra cAritra hai yA cAritra kA sAra nirvANa hai| AcArAMga ke sthAna para sAmAyika ko prathama krama dene kA kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki, aMga-graMthoM meM bhI jahA~ jahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zramaNoM ke zrutajJAna sambaMdhI adhyayana kA ullekha hai, una sthaloM para prAyaH ullekha hai ki ve aMgAdi AgamoM se bhI pUrva sAmAyika kA adhyayana karate the| isI apekSA se AcArya bhadrabAhu ne Avazyaka sUtra ko gaNadhara-kRta mAnA hai| sAmAyika Avazyaka sUtra kA prathama adhyayana hai| ataH AcArya bhadrabAhu ne niyuktiyoM ke prAraMbha meM sarvaprathama matyAdi pAMca jJAnoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| TIkAkAroM ne jJAna kI maMgalarUpa meM siddhi kI hai| pAMca jJAna meM bhI sarvaprathama Abhinibodhika jJAna ke avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ina cAra bhedoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| anya dArzanikoM dvArA mAnya zabda amUrta aura cakSuindriya prApyakArI hai, isakA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt gati, indriya Adi dvAroM se Abhinibodhika jJAna ke svarUpa kI carcA kI gaI hai| zrutajJAna kA varNana karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki loka meM jitane bhI akSara haiM aura unake jitane bhI saMyukta rUpa bana sakate haiM utane hI zrutajJAna ke bheda haiN| lekina inakA varNana sambhava nahIM hai, ataH ina sabhI kA samAveza akSara, saMjJI Adi caudaha bhedoM meM kiyA gayA hai| avadhijJAna kA varNana karate hue isake bhedoM kI carcA kI hai| svarUpa, kSetra Adi caudaha nikSepoM evaM nAma, sthApanA Adi sAta nikSepoM se bhI avadhijJAna kI carcA ho sakatI hai, ata: AcArya ne ina nikSepoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| mana:paryavajJAna aura kevalajJAna para prakAza DAlA hai| 51. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 686-687 53. gaNadharavAda, prastAvanA pR0 24-25 52. Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 1100 54. Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 93

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti : eka paricaya [3] pAMca jJAnoM ke varNana ke pazcAt SaDAvazyakoM kA nirUpaNa hai| usameM prathama Avazyaka sAmAyika kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| cAritra kA prAraMbha sAmAyika se hI hotA hai| jJAna aura cAritra kA pArasparika saMbaMdha batAte hue AcArya ne yaha nirdeza diyA hai ki mukti ke lie jJAna aura cAritra donoM kI hI AvazyakatA hotI hai| isake lie aMdhe aura lUle kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai| sAmAyika kA adhikArI zrutajJAnI hotA hai| isI prasaMga para upazama aura kSapakazreNI kA vistRta rUpa se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| sAmAyika zruta kA adhikArI hI tIrthaMkara hotA hai, kyoMki jo sAmAyika zruta kA adhikArI hai vahI kramazaH vikAsa karatA huA kisI samaya tIrthaMkara rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai aura tIrthaMkara kevalajJAna kI prApti ke bAda hI zruta kA upadeza dete haiM, yahI jinapravacana hai| vyAkhyAnanidhi kA nirUpaNa karate hue AcArya aura ziSya kI yogyatA kA mApadaNDa batAyA gayA hai| ina binduoM kA vistAra se varNana karane ke bAda sAmAyika kA uddezya, nirdeza, nirgama, udbhava Adi 26 dvAroM ke mAdhyama vivecana kiyA gayA hai| uddezya aura nirdeza kA nikSepa vidhi se kathana karake, nirgama kA varNana karate hue niyuktikAra ne mahAvIra ke pUrvabhavoM ke varNana ke sAtha hI kulakaroM kI caryA, bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke jIvana-paricaya meM janma, nAma Adi ghaTanAoM kA bhI vistRta rUpa se ullekha kiyA hai| tIrthaMkara nAmakarma baMdha ke 20 kAraNoM kA tathA usa yuga ke AhAra, zilpa, karma Adi 40 viSayoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| RSabhadeva ke jIvana-caritra ke sAtha hI sAtha anya sabhI tIrthaMkaroM kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya dete hue sambodhana, parityAga, pratyeka, upadhi Adi 21 dvAroM se unake jIvana caritra kI tulanA kI gaI hai| bharata cakravartI Adi ke jIvana para bhI prakAza DAlA hai, sAtha hI jina, cakravartI, vAsudeva, baladeva Adi viSaya kA vistRta ullekha kiyA hai| marIci ke prasaMga kA rocaka varNana karate hue kahA hai ki marIci kA jIva aneka bhavoM meM bhramaNa karate hue anta meM 24veM tIrthaMkara rUpa meM janma legaa| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke jIvana kA svapna, garbhApahAra, abhigraha, janma, abhiSeka, vRddhi, jAtismaraNa, bhayotpAdana, vivAha, apatya, dAna, sambodha aura mahAbhiniSkramaNa ina 13 dvAroM ke mAdhyama se varNana kiyA hai| bhagavAn ko kevalajJAna hone ke bAda madhyama pAvA ke mahAsena udyAna meM unakA dvitIya samavasaraNa meM indrabhUti Adi gyAraha paMDita apanI-apanI zaMkA lekara bhagavAn ke pAsa Ae aura zaMkA samAdhAna hone para apane ziSyoM sahita dIkSita ho gye| isa prakAra gaNadharavAda kA varNana karate hue gaNadharoM ke janma, gotra, mAtApitA Adi kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake bAda kSetra-kAlAdi dvAroM kA varNana kiyA hai| nayadvAra meM nayoM kA vistAra se varNana karate hue kahA hai ki naya vizArada ko zrotA kI yogyatA ko dekhakara hI naya kA kathana karanA caahie| kAlika kA anuyoga AryarakSita ne pRthak kiyA hai sAtha hI AryarakSita kA ziSya mAtula goSThAmAhila nAmaka sAtavA~ nihnava huA, isakA varNana karate hue niyuktikAra ne isase pUrva mahAvIra ke zAsana meM chaha nihnava ho cuke the, unakA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| naya kI dRSTi se sAmAyika para cintana karane ke pazcAt samyaktva, zruta aura cAritra ye tIna sAmAyika ke bheda kiye gaye haiN| jisakI AtmA saMyama, niyama aura tapa meM ramaNa karatI hai, jisake atamAnasa meM prANimAtra ke prati samabhAva kA samudra hiloreM mAratA hai aura saMyama, niyama tathA tapa meM jisakI AtmA ramaNa karatI hai, vahI sAmAyika kA saccA adhikArI hai| isI prakAra zeSa dvAroM kA bhI saMkSepa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| ina dvAroM kI vyAkhyA ke sAtha upodghAtaniyukti samApta ho jAtI hai| upodghAta kA yaha vistAra kevala Avazyakaniyukti ke lie hI nahIM, balki sabhI niyuktiyoM ke lie upayogI hai|

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana sAmAyika sUtra ke prAraMbha meM namaskAra mahAmaMtra AtA hai| isaliye namaskAra maMtra kI utpatti, nikSepa, pada, padArtha, prarUpaNA, vastu, AkSepa, prasiddhi, krama, prayojana aura phala ina gyAraha dvAroM ke bheda-prabhedoM ke sAtha ati vistRta rUpa se namaskAra mahAmaMtra para ciMtana kiyA gayA hai jo sAdhaka ke lie bahuta hI upayogI hai| paMcanamaskAra ke bAda hI sAmAyika grahaNa kI jAtI hai, kyoMki paMcanamaskAra bhI sAmAyika kA aMga hai| sAmAyika kisa prakAra karanI cAhie, isakA karaNa, bhaya, anta (madanta), sAmAyika, sarva, avadya, yoga, pratyAkhyAna, yAvajjIvana aura trividha padoM kI vyAkhyA ke sAtha vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sAmAyika kA kartA, karma aura karaNa batAte hue AtmA ko hI sAmAyika kA kartA, karma aura karaNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| saMkSepa meM sAmAyika kA artha hai tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga se sAvadha kriyA kA tyaag| tIna karaNa (karanA, karAnA aura anumodana), tIna yoga (mana, vacana aura kAyA) se hone vAlI sAvadha arthAt pApakAriNI kriyA kA jIvanaparyanta tyAga hI sAmAyika kA uddezya hai| sarvavirati sAmAyika meM tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga se sAvadha pravRtti kA tyAga hotA hai| dvitIya adhyayana caturviMzatistava hai| isameM nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ina chaha nikSepoM kI dRSTi se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke nAmoM kI nikSepa paddhati se vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| phira unakI vizeSatAoM aura guNoM para kA prakAza DAlA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyayana vaMdanA hai| citikarma, kRtikarma, pUjAkarma aura vinayakarma, ye vaMdanA ke paryAyavAcI haiN| vaMdanA kise karanI cAhiye? kisake dvArA honI cAhie? kaba honI cAhiye? kitanI bAra honI cAhiye? kitanI bAra sira jhukanA cAhiye? kitane AvazyakoM se zuddhi honI cAhie? kitane doSoM se mukti honI cAhie? vaMdanA kisaliye karanI cAhie? Adi nau bAtoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| vahI zramaNa vandanIya hai jinakA AcAra utkRSTa hai aura vicAra nirmala hai| caturtha adhyayana pratikramaNa hai| pramAda ke kAraNa AtmabhAva se jo AtmA mithyAtva Adi parasthAna meM jAtA hai, usakA punaH apane sthAna meM AnA pratikramaNa hai| isa para tIna dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA gayA hai - 1. pratikramaNa rUpa kriyA 2. pratikramaNa kA kartA (pratikrAmaka) 3. pratikrantavya arthAt pratikamitavya azubhayogarUpa krm| jIva pApakarmayoga kA pratikrAmaka hai, isalie jo dhyAnaprazasta yoga hai unakA sAdhu ko pratikramaNa nahIM karanA caahie| praticaraNA, pariharaNA, vAraNA, nivRtti, nindA, gardA, zuddhi - ye pratikramaNa ke paryAyavAcI haiN| pratikramaNa ke devasiya, rAiya (rAtrika) ityAdi pAMca prakAra se aneka prakAra hote haiN| uccAra, mUtra, kapha, nAsikA mala, Abhoga, anAbhoga, sahasAkAra kriyAoM ke bAda pratikramaNa Avazyaka hai| pratikrantavya mithyAtva, asaMyama (avrata), pramAda, kaSAya aura aprazastayoga se pratikramaNa pAMca prakAra kA hotA hai| isake pazcAt AlocanA, nirapalApa, Apatti, dRr3hadharmatA Adi 32 yogoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai aura unheM samajhAne ke liye mahAgiri, sthUlabhadra, dharmaghoSa, surendradatta, vArattaka, vaidya dhanvantari, karakaNDu, Arya puSpabhUti Adi ke udahAraNa bhI diye gaye haiN| sAtha hI svAdhyAya-asvAdhyAya ke sambandha meM vistRta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| paMcama adhyayana kAyotsarga hai| AlocanA, pratikramaNa, mizra, viveka, vyutsarga, tapa, cheda, mUla, anavasthApya aura pArAMcika ye prAyazcitta ke dasa bheda batAye gae haiN| kAyotsarga aura vyutsarga ye ekArthavAcI haiN| yahA~ kAyotsarga kA artha vraNacikitsA hai| kucha doSa AlocanA se ThIka hote haiM to kucha doSa pratikramaNa se aura kucha doSa kAyotsarga se ThIka hote haiN| kAyotsarga se deha aura buddhi kI

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti : eka paricaya [15] jar3atA miTatI hai| sukha-duHkha ko sahana karane kI kSamatA samutpanna hotI hai| usameM anitya, azaraNa Adi dvAdaza anuprekSAoM kA cintana hotA hai| mana kI caMcalatA naSTa hokara zubha dhyAna kA abhyAsa nirantara bar3hatA hai| niyuktikAra ne zubha dhyAna para cintana karate hue kahA hai ki antarmuhUrta taka jo citta kI ekAgratA hai, vahI dhyAna hai| usa dhyAna ke Arta, raudra, dharma, zukla ye cAra prakAra ke bheda batAye gaye haiN| prathama do dhyAna saMsAra-abhivRddhi ke hetu hone se unheM apadhyAna kahA hai aura antima do dhyAna mokSa ke kAraNa hone se prazasta haiN| dhyAna aura kAyotsarga ke sambandha meM aneka prakAra kI jAnakArI dI gaI hai jo jJAnavarddhaka hai| kAyotsarga ke ghoTaka Adi 19 doSa bhI batAe haiN| jo dehabuddhi se pare hai, vahI vyakti kAyotsarga kA saccA adhikArI hai| __ SaSTha adhyayana pratyAkhyAna hai| pratyAkhyAna, pratyAkhyAtA, pratyAkhyeya, parSada, kathanavidhi aura phala ina chaha dRSTiyoM se pratyAkhyAna kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| pratyAkhyAna ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya, aditsA, pratiSedha aura bhAva, ye chaha prakAra haiN| pratyAkhyAna meM azana, pAna, khAdima, svAdima kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| inake svarUpa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| zraddhA, jJAna, vinaya, anubhASaNA, anupAlana aura bhAva ina chaha prakAra se pratyAkhyAna kI vizuddhi hotI hai| pratyAkhyAna ke Asrava kA nirundhana hotA hai| samatA kI saritA meM avagAhana kiyA jAtA hai| cAritra kI ArAdhanA karane se karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai| apUrvakaraNa kara kSapakazreNI para Arur3ha hokara kevalajJAna prApta hotA hai aura anta meM mokSa kA avyAbAdha sukha milatA hai| pratyAkhyAtA kA svarUpa batAte hue, pratyAkhyAtA guru ko mAnA gayA hai jo vidhi sahita pratyAkhyAna karAtA hai| pratyAkhyAtavya ke dravya aura bhAva do prakAra hote haiN| azanAdi kA tyAga dravya aura ajJAnAdi kA tyAga bhAva pratyAkhyAtavya hai| pratyAkhyAna kA adhikArI vahI sAdhaka hai jo vikSipta aura avinIta na ho| Avazyaka niyukti meM zramaNa jIvana ko tejasvIvarcasvI banAne vAle jitane bhI niyama-upaniyama haiM, una sabakI carcA vistAra se kI gaI hai| prAcIna aitihAsika tathyoM kA pratipAdana bhI isa niyukti meM huA hai| Avazyaka niyukti ke isa vistRta paricaya se sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki jaina niyuktigraMthoM meM Avazyakaniyukti kA kitanA mahattva hai| zramaNa jIvana kI saphala sAdhanA ke lie anivArya sabhI prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAnoM kA saMkSipta evaM suvyavasthita nirUpaNa Avazyakaniyukti kI eka bahuta bar3I vizeSatA hai| jaina paramparA se sambandha rakhane vAle aneka prAcIna aitihAsika tathyoM kA pratipAdana bhI sarvaprathama isI niyukti meM kiyA gayA hai| ye saba bAteM Avazyakaniyukti ke adhyayana se spaSTa mAlUma hotI hai| anya niyuktiyoM meM bhI Avazyaka ke samAna AcArya ne prAraMbha meM una-una mUlagraMthoM ke prAdurbhAva kI kathA kA varNana kiyA hai, kintu yaha varNana usI graMtha meM hai jisakI utpatti kI kathA Avazyaka se bhinna hai| anyatra adhyayanoM ke nAma aura viSayoM kA nirdeza kara, unakI niSpatti kA mUla-sthAna yA graMtha batAkara aura prAyaH pratyeka adhyayana ke nAma kA nikSepa kara vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| adhyayana ke antargata kisI mahattvapUrNa zabda athavA usameM vidyamAna maulika bhAva ko lekara AcArya ne usakA apane DhaMga se vivecana karake hI saMtoSa mAnA hai| anyagraMthoM meM Avazyaka ke samAna sUtra-sparzI niyukti atyanta alpa dikhAI detI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki anya graMthoM kI niyukti kA parimANa mUla-graMtha kI apekSA bahuta kama hai| Avazyaka kI sthiti isase viparIta hai| 55. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 3, pRSTha 88

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[16] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana Avazyakaniyukti ke kartA : bhadrabAha bhadrabAhu nAmaka aneka AcArya hue haiM, yathA caturdazapUrvadhara bhadrabAhu, naimittika bhadrabhAhu, Arya bhadragupta aadi| jana sAmAnya meM yahI mAnyatA pracalita hai ki sabhI niyuktiyoM ke kartA caturdaza pUrvadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu haiN| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM AcArya bhadrabAhu prathama ko pAMcavAM tathA antima zrutakevalI mAnA gayA hai, kintu donoM paramparAoM meM unake jIvana caritra ke sambandha meM matabheda haiM, isakA jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa meM vistAra se varNana hai| donoM paramparAoM meM vibhinna graMthoM ko dekhane para yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki bhadrabAhu nAma ke do-tIna AcArya hue haiN| lekina samAna nAma hone se una ghaTanAoM kA sambandha caturdazapUrvadhara bhadrabAhu ke sAtha joDa diyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA kI dRSTi se eka caturdaza pUrvadhArI AcArya bhadrabAhu nepAla meM mahAprANAyAma nAmaka yoga kI sAdhanA karane gae the, jo ki chedasUtrakAra the| digambara paramparA ke anusAra ve bhadrabAhu nepAla nahIM jAkara dakSiNa meM gae the| devendramuni zAstrI ne Avazyaka sUtra kI prastAvanA meM likhA hai ki uparyukta donoM bhadrabAhu eka na hokara pRthak-pRthak hone cAhie kyoMki jo nepAla gaye the ve dakSiNa meM nahIM gaye aura jo dakSiNa meM gaye ve nepAla meM nahIM gaye the| lekina niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ina donoM se bhinna eka tIsare hI vyakti the| vAstavika tathya kyA hai yaha Aja bhI zodha kA viSaya hai| Avazyaka niyukti ke kartA ke sambandha meM sabhI vidvAnoM kA eka mata nahIM hai| caturdazapUrvadharAcArya bhadrabAhu evaM unakA niyukti kartRtva - AcArya bhadrabAhu kA janma pratiSThAnapura ke brAhmaNa parivAra meM vIra ni. saMvat 94 meM huaa| 45veM varSa meM arthAt vI. ni. 139 meM AcArya yazobhadrasvAmI ke pAsa saMyama aMgIkAra karake caudahapUrvo kA jJAna karake ve zrutakevalI bana gye| vI. ni. 156 meM ve saMgha ke saMcAlaka bane aura vI. ni. 170 meM unakA svargavAsa huaa| jabaki digambara paramparA ke anusAra vI. ni. 163 meM unakA svargavAsa huA hai| chedasUtra tathA niyuktiyA~ eka hI bhadrabAhu kI kRtiyA~ haiM, isa mAnyatA ke samarthana ke lie bhI ekado pramANa milate haiM jaise AcArya zIlAMkakRta AcArAMga-TIkA meM likhA hai - 'niyuktikArasya bhdrbaahusvaaminshcturdshpuurvdhrsyaacaaryo'tstaan|' inakA samaya vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha athavA nauvIM zatAbdI kA prAraMbha hai| AcArAMga TIkA meM yahI batAyA gayA hai ki niyuktikAra caturdazapUrvavid bhadrabAhusvAmI haiM tathA vikrama saMvat 12vIM sadI ke vidvAn maladhArI hemacandra ne bhI catudarzapUrvadhara bhadrabAhusvAmI ko niyukti kA karttA mAnA hai| prabandhakoza ke kartA rAjazekharasUri tathA zrI jambUvijayajI kA bhI yahI mata hai| lekina isake viparIta adhika sabala evaM tarkapUrNa pramANa dUsarI mAnyatA ke lie milate haiM, jisameM sabase adhika saTIka pramANa yahI hai ki niyuktikAra ne svayaM ko caturdazapUrvadhara bhadrabAhu se bhinna bAtAyA hai aura svayaM ne dazAzrutaskaMdhaniyukti ke prAraMbha meM hI chedasUtrakAra caturdazapUrvadhara bhadrabAhu ko namaskAra kiyA hai| "vaMdAmi bhaddabAhu~, pAINaM crimsylsuynaanniN| suttassa kAragamisiM, dasAsu kappe ya vvhaare|'62 arthAt dazAzrutaskaMdha niyukti kI prathama gAthA ke 56. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 2, pR. 326-358 57. Avazyaka sUtra, prastAvanA, pR0 57 58. AcArAMgaTIkA (AcArAMgasUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtraM ca) pR. 4 59. catudarzazapUrvadhareNa zrImadbhadrabAhusvAminA etadvyAkhyAnarUpA...niyuktiH kRtaa| -ziSyahitA-bRhadvRtti, prastAvanA, pR. 1 60. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 2, pR. 334 61. dvAdazAraMnayacakram (zrI jambUvijayajI) prastAvanA pR. 60 62. niyuktipaMcaka khaNDa 3 (dazAzrutaskaMdha niyukti) gAthA 1

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya evaM bRhadvRtti: eka paricaya [17] anusAra dazAzrutaskaMdha, kalpa aura vyavahAra, ina tInoM sUtroM kI pUrvoM se niryUhaNapUrvaka racanA karane vAle maharSi evaM antima zrutakevalI, prAcIna AcArya zrI bhadrabAhu ko maiM vaMdanA karatA hU~ / isa gAthA se siddha hotA ki caturdazapUrvI bhadrabAhu ne niryukti kI racanA nahIM karake dazAzrutaskaMdha, kalpa aura vyavahArasUtra kI racanA kI hai| ataH caturdazapUrvadhara bhadrabAhu hote to isa prakAra chedasUtrakAra ko namaskAra nahIM karate / kyoMki koI bhI samajhadAra kabhI bhI svayaM ko namaskAra nahIM kregaa| ataH spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki caturdazapUrvadhara bhadrabAhu niryuktikAra na hokara dUsare bhadrabAhu hI niyuktikAra haiN| uttarAdhyayananiryukti meM svayaM niryuktikAra ne spaSTa zabdoM meM ullekha kiyA hai ki ve caturdazapUrvadhara nahIM haiM, unhoMne maraNa vibhikti se sambandhita samasta dvAroM kA anukrama se varNana kiyA hai| vastutaH padArthoM kA sampUrNarUpeNa vizada varNana, to kevalajJAnI aura caturdazapUrvadhara hI karane meM samartha haiN| 3 niyukti meM aisI ghaTanAeM va AcAryoM ke praMsaga varNita haiM, jo zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke uttaravartI haiN| jaise niryuktiyoM meM kAlakAcArya, pAdaliptAcArya, sthavira bhadragupta, vajrasvAmI, Arya rakSita, phalgurakSita Adi aise AcAryoM ke prasaMga varNita haiM, jo prathama bhadrabAhu se bahuta arvAcIna haiN| ata: nizcita hI niryuktiyoM kI racanA nimitta jJAnI bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) dvArA hI kI gaI hai| 4 digambara sAhitya meM ullekha hai ki bAraha varSa ke duSkAla ke samaya 12000 zramaNoM ke sAtha AcArya bhadrabAhu ujjayinI hote hue dakSiNa kI ora gaye / isa samaya samrAT candragupta ko bhadrabAhu ne dIkSA dii| mUlataH yaha ghaTanA dvitIya bhadrabAhu se sambandhita hai / itihAsa ke lambe antarAla meM do bhadrabAhu hue haiN| usameM se caturdazapUrvI tathA chedasUtra ke racanAkAra bhadrabAhu vI. ni. kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM aura niryuktikAra dvitIya bhadrabAhu vI. ni. kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke bAda hue haiN| rAjA candragupta kA sambandha prathama bhadrabAhu ke sAtha na hokara dvitIya bhadrabAhu ke sAtha hai 165 uparyukta pramANoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki caturdazapUrvI bhadrabAhu niryuktikAra nahIM hokara naimittika bhadrabAhu niyuktiyoM ke kartA ho sakate haiM, isake sambandha meM nimna pramANa prApta hote haiM - gacchAcAra paiNNA, prabandha ciMtAmaNi, prabandhakoza meM bhadrabAhu aura varAhamihira kA paricaya prApta hotA hai, jo nimna prakAra se hai - AcArya bhadrabAhu prasiddha jyotirvid varAhamihira ke saMsArI avasthA ke bhrAtA the| jaina paramparA meM ve naimittika aura mantravettA ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiM / varAhamihira ne paMcasiddhAntikA kI prazasti meM racanA - kAla zaka saMvat 427 arthAt vikrama saMvat 562 batAyA hai| isa AdhAra para paNDita dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kA mAnanA hai ki AcArya bhadrabAhu chaThI zatAbdI meM vidyamAna the| caturdazapUrvadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu ko aura vI. ni. 1032 (zaka saM. 427) ke lagabhaga vidyamAna varAhamihira ke sahodara bhadrabAhu ko eka hI vyakti mAna ne kA bhrama vidvAnoM meM lambe samaya se pracalita hai, jo ki ucita nahIM hai / isa kathana kI siddhi meM AcArya zrI hastImalajI ma. ne sAdhaka aura bAdhaka pramANoM kI samIkSA karake niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA hai ki vI. ni. 1032 ke Asa-pAsa hone vAle naimittika bhadrabAhu hI niryuktiyoM ke racanAkAra haiM / " AcArya bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) 28veM yugapradhAnAcArya hArilasUri (vI.ni 1001 - 1055) ke samakAlIna the| 7 AcArya devendramuni Avazyakaniryukti ko dvitIya bhadrabAhu kI kRti mAnate hai 18 63. savve ee dArA, maraNavibhattIi vaNNiyA kmso| sagalaNiuNe payatthe, jiNa cauddasapuvvi bhAti / - niryuktipaMcaka khaNDa 3 ( uttarAdhyayana niryukti) maraNavibhakti gAthA 227 64. vizeSAvazyakabhASya ( AcArya subhadramuni) prastAvanA pR. 48 65. jainadharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya, pR. 74 67. jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 3, pR. 398 66. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 2, pR. 358-377 68. jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 329

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana zrI puNyavijayajI" ne pakSa-vipakSa ke pramANa dekara yaha siddha kiyA hai ki niyuktikAra zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu nahIM haiM, sambhavataH ye anya koI nahIM, apitu varAhasaMhitA ke racayitA varAhamihira ke bhAI maMtravidyA ke pAragAmI naimittika bhadrabAhu hI hone caahie| uparyukta pakSa-vipakSa ke sabhI pramANoM kA sakaMlana DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne 'niryukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana' zodhAlekha meM hindI bhASA meM rUpAntarita kara ke kiyA hai|deg adhikAMza vidvAnoM kA mata hai ke niryukti ke kartA naimittika bhadrabAhu hI haiM / naimittika bhadrabAhu kA niryuktikartRtva paNDita dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ke anusAra chaThI [18] - zatAbdI meM hue naimittika bhadrabAhu dvArA likhI huI niyuktiyoM meM prAcIna bhAga sammilita hai athavA nahIM? kyoMki AcArya kundakunda Adi ke granthoM meM, bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura mUlAcAra meM bahuta-sI gAthAeM niryukti kI haiM / ataH nizcaya meM nahIM kaha sakate haiM ki upalabdha niyuktiyoM kI samasta gAthAeM kevala chaThI zatAbdI meM hI likhI gaI haiM / yadi purAnI gAthAoM kA samAveza kara naI kRti banAI gaI hai to phira sabhI niryuktiyoM ko chaThI zatAbdI kI hI kaise mAnA jAe ? anuyogadvAra prAcIna hai, usakI gAthAeM niryukti meM haiN| ata: chaThI zatAbdI ke bhadrabAhu ne upalabdha racanA likhI ho, to bhI yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki prAcInatA kI paramparA nirAdhAra nahIM / chaThI zatAbdI ke bhadrabAhu kI kRti meM se prAcIna mAne jAne vAle digambara graMthoM meM gAthAeM lI gaIM, yaha kalpanA kucha atizayokti pUrNa mAlUma hotI hai / " isake samAdhAna ke lie aisA mAna sakate haiM niryukti eka saMgraha graMtha hai| mUla niryukti to bhadrabAhu kI thii| saMkSipta hone se itanA artha samajhakara savistAra vyAkhyA karanA kaThina hone se AcAryoM ne AvazyakatAnusAra ziSyoM ko samajha meM Ave isa prakAra eka gAthA ke pIche 4-5 gAthA banAkara jor3a dI gayI ho, yaha sambhava hai / phira Age bhI yaha krama calatA rhaa| isa prakAra graMtha bar3hatA gyaa| upayogI hone se navIna gathAeM bhI mUla niryukti meM nibaddha ho giiN| yaha kRti mAtra caudahapUrvI bhadrabAhu kI hI hotI to use bhI Agama tulya mAna liyA jaataa| isake samarthana vidvAnoM kA cintana isa prakAra hai 1. muni zrI puNyavijayajI ne ullekha kiyA hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ne niryuktiyA~ prAraMbha kI aura dvitIya bhadrabAhu taka una niryuktiyoM meM vikAsa hotA rhaa| isa prakAra niyuktiyoM meM kucha gAthAeM bahuta hI adhika prAcIna haiM to kucha arvAcIna haiN| vartamAna jo niyuktiyA~ haiM, ve cartudaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu ke dvArA pUrNa rUpa se racita nahIM haiN| unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se siddha kiyA hai ki jo Avazyaka Adi niryuktiyA~ vartamAna meM upalabdha haiM, ve prathama caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu kI nahIM hokara vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM vidyamAna dUsare bhadrabAhu kI racanA hai | 2 2. devendramuni zAstrI ke abhimatAnusAra samavAyAMga, sthAnAMga evaM nandI meM dvAdazAMgI kA paricaya diyA gayA hai, vahA~ para 'saMkhejjAo nijjuttIo' yaha pATha prApta hotA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki niryuktiyoM kI paramparA Agama kAla meM bhI thI / pratyeka AcArya yA upAdhyAya apane ziSyoM ko Agama kA rahasya hRdayaMgama karAne ke lie apanI-apanI dRSTi se niyuktiyoM kI racanA karate rahe hoNge| jaise vartamAna prophesara vidyArthiyoM ko noTsa likhavAte haiM, vaise hI niyuktiyA~ rahI hoNgii| unhIM ko mUla AdhAra banAkara dvitIya bhadrabAhu ne niyuktiyoM ko antima rUpa diyA hogA 69. bRhatkalpasUtram bhAga 6, bhAvanagara, zrI AtmAnanda jaina sabhA, prastAvanA 70. DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 'niryukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana', DaoN. sAgaramala jaina abhinandana graMtha, dvitIya khaNDa, pR. 46-60 71. draSyavya, gaNadharavAda prastAvanA pR0 10 72. muni zrI puNyavijayajI, muni zrI hajArImala smRti graMtha, pR. 718-719 73. Avazyaka sUtra, prastAvanA pR0 55

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti : eka paricaya [19] 3. niyuktiyoM ke racanAkAra zratukevalI bhadrabAhu haiM isa mAnyatA kA yaha kAraNa bhI ho sakatA hai ki Avazyakaniyukti kA prAraMbha zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu dvArA kiyA gayA ho tathA bAda meM usakI gAthAoM meM kramaza: vRddhi hotI rahI ho aura ise antima rUpa bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) ne diyA ho, niyukti gAthA meM vRddhi hotI rahane kI puSTi kaI udAharaNoM se hotI hai, jaise Avazyakaniyukti ke prathama adhyayana kI 157 gAthAeM haribhadrIyavRtti meM haiM, kintu AvazyakacUrNi meM mAtra 57 gAthAeM haiN| nizcaya hI cUrNi va hAribhadrIya TIkA ke madhya 100 gAthAeM aura jur3a gaI haiN| itanA hI nahIM bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) ke bAda bhI gAthAoM meM vRddhi hote rahane kI sambhAvanA se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| ___ Aryabhadragupta kA kartRtva - DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne niyuktikAra ke sambandha meM apanA mantavya prakaTa karate hue kahA hai ki niyuktiyoM kA racanA kAla tIsarI-cauthI zatI ke pUrva kA hai, tathA inake racanAkAra naimittika bhadrabAhu nahIM hokara yA to kAzyapagotrIya Aryabhadragupta yA phira gautamagotrIya Aryabhadra hai athavA anya koI bhadrabAhu nAmaka AcArya haiN| isa kathana kI siddhi ke lie pramANa dete hue unhoMne niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA hai ki niyuktiyoM ke kartA Arya nakSatra kI paramparA meM hue Arya viSNu ke praziSya evaM Arya saMpAlita ke guru-bhrAtA gautamagotrIya Aryabhadra hI haiN| yadyapi yaha niSkarSa antima to nahIM hai, lekina Aryabhadra ko niyukti kA karttA svIkAra karane para hama una aneka vipratipattiyoM se baca sakate haiM, jo prAcInagotrIya pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu kAzyapagotrIya Aryabhadragupta aura varAhamihira ke bhrAtA naimittika bhadrabAhu ko niyuktiyoM kA kartA mAnane para AtI haiN| isa prakAra niyukti sAhitya ke kartA kauna se bhadrabAhu haiM, yaha vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai| prathama bhadrabAhu caturdaza pUrvadhara the, sambhavataH unhoMne niyukti sAhitya kA prAraMbha kiyA hogA tathA nimittajJa Arya bhadrabAhu ke samaya niyukti sAhitya kI racanA pUrNatA ko prApta huI hogii| Azvayakaniyukti (vRtti) kA malayagiri vRtti (vivaraNa) ke sAtha prakAzana Agamodaya samiti, bambaI dvArA prathama bhAga 1928 meM, dUsarA bhAga 1932 meM evaM tIsarA bhAga 1936 meM devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakodvAra saMsthA, sUrata dvArA kiyA gayA evaM samaNI DaoN. kusumaprajJA kRta hindI anuvAda sahita I. 2001 meM jaina vizvabhAratI lADanUM se prathama bhAga prakAzita huA hai| 2. bhASyaparamparA evaM jinabhadragaNi kRta vizeSAvazyaka bhASya niyuktiyoM kI vyAkhyAzailI bahuta hI gUDha aura saMkSipta hai| usameM viSaya vistAra kA abhAva hai, bhASya yA TIkA ke binA inako samajhanA muzkila hotA hai| ataH niyukti yA mUla AgamoM ke gUDhArtha ko ziSyoM ko samajhAne ke lie yA niyuktiyoM ke gambhIra rahasyoM ko prakaTa karane ke lie pUrvAcAryoM ne vistAra se prAkRta bhASA meM jo padyAtmaka vyAkhyAeM likhIM una vyAkhyAoM ko bhASya kahate haiN| 'nyAyadarzanam' kI prastAvanA meM bhASya kA lakSaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai "sUtrArthoM varNyate yatra padaiH suutraanusaaribhiH| svapadAni ca varNyante bhASyaM bhASyavido viduH|" arthAt sUtra ke padoM ke anusAra sUtra ke artha kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai tathA sva padoM kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai, use bhASya kahate haiN| niyuktiyoM ke zabdoM meM chipe hue arthabAhulya ko abhivyakta karane kA zreya bhASyakAroM ko hI hai| kucha 74. vizeSAvazyakabhASya (AcArya subhadramuni) prastAvanA pR. 48-49 75. DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 'niyukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana', DaoN. sAgaramala jaina abhinandana graMtha, dvitIya khaNDa, pR. 46-60 76. saMpA. zrI nArAyaNamizra, caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI, prastAvanA pR. 27

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[D] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana bhASya niyuktiyoM para aura kucha sIdhe hI mUla AgamoM ke sUtroM para likhe gaye haiN| niyuktiyoM ke bhASya bhI prAkRta gAthAoM meM saMkSipta zailI meM likhe gaye haiN| niyuktiyoM kI bhASA ke samAna bhASyoM kI bhASA bhI mukhyarUpa se prAcIna prAkRta (ardhamAgadhI) hai, aneka sthaloM para mAgadhI aura zaurasenI ke prayoga bhI dekhane meM Ate haiM, mukhya chaMda AryA hai| bhASyoM kA samaya sAmAnya taura para IsvI san kI lagabhaga cauthI-pAMcavIM zatAbdI mAnA jA sakatA hai| bhASya meM aneka prAcIna anuzrutiyA~, laukika kathAeM aura paraMparAgata nigraMthoM ke prAcIna AcAra-vicAra kI vidhi Adi kA pratipAdana hai| jaina zramaNa saMgha ke prAcIna itihAsa ko samyak prakAra se samajhane ke lie bhASyoM kA adhyayana bhI Avazyaka hai| mukhya rUpa se jinabhadragaNi aura saMghadAsagaNi hI bhASyakAra ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| jisa prakAra pratyeka Agama para niyukti kI racanA nahIM huI, usI prakAra pratyeka Agama para bhASya bhI nahIM likhA gyaa| nimnalikhita dasa AgamoM para bhASya kI racanA huI hai - 1. Avazyaka, 2. dazavaikAlika, 3. uttarAdhyayana, 4. bRhatkalpa, 5. paMcakalpa, 6. vyavahAra, 7. nizItha, 8. jItakalpa, 9. oghaniyukti, 10. pinnddniyukti|| Agama bhASyakAra saMghadAsagaNi AcArya haribhadra ke samakAlIna the| 'vasudeva hiNDI' ke racayitA saMghadAsagaNi se ve bhinna the| unhoMne nizItha, bRhatkalpa, vyavahAra ina tIna sUtroM para vistRta bhASya likhe haiN| AcArya jinabhadragaNi ke do bhASya prApta hote haiM - jItakalpa bhASya evaM vishessaavshykbhaassy| DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA ke anusAra Avazyaka sUtra para tIna bhASya likhe gae haiM -1. mUlabhASya 2. bhASya evaM 3. vizeSAvazyaka bhaassy| prathama do bhASya to bahuta saMkSipta haiM aura unakI aneka gAthAoM kA samAveza vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kara liyA gayA hai| ataH vizeSAvazyakabhASya tInoM bhASyoM kA pratinidhi hai| DaoN. samaNI kusumaprajJA ke anusAra vartamAna meM bhASya nAma se alaga na gAthAeM milatI hai aura na hI koI svataMtra kRti ata: do bhASyoM kA hI astitva svIkAra karanA caahie| mUlabhASya kI aneka gAthAeM vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI aMga bana cukI haiM phira bhI hAribhadrIya evaM malayagirikRta TIkA meM mUlabhASya ke ullekha se alaga gAthAeM milatI hai| mUlabhASya ke kartA niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ho sakate noTa :- jinabhadragaNi evaM unake vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI carcA isI adhyAya meM Age kI gaI hai| 3. AvazyakacUrNi evaM cUrNikAra niyukti aura bhASya kI racanA ke pazcAt jaina manISiyoM ke antarmAnasa meM AgamoM para gadyAtmaka vyAkhyA sAhitya likhane kI bhAvanA utpanna huii| unhoMne zuddha prAkRta meM aura saMskRta mizrita prAkRta meM vyAkhyAoM kI racanA kI, jo Aja cUrNisAhitya ke nAma se prasiddha hai| cUrNiyoM meM prAkRta kI pradhAnatA hone ke kAraNa inakI bhASA ko mizraprAkRta bhASA kahanA sarvathA ucita hI hai| cUrNiyA~ gadya meM likhane kA kAraNa saMbhavataH padya meM likhe hue niyukti aura bhASya meM jainadharma ke siddhAMtoM ko vistAra se pratipAdana karane ke liye adhika guMjAiza nahIM thii| isake alAvA, cUrNiyA~ kevala prAkRta meM hI na likhakara saMskRta mizrita prAkRta meM likhane se sAhitya kA kSetra niyukti aura 77. jainasAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3, pR. 117 78. Avazyakaniyukti, bhUmikA, pR. 43

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti : eka paricaya [22] bhASya kI apekSA adhika vistRta hai| nizItha ke vizeSacUrNikAra ne cUrNi kI paribhASA isa prakAra dI hai - 'pAgaDo ti prAkRtaH pragaTo vA padArtho vastubhAvo yatra saH, tathA paribhASyate artho'nayeti paribhASA cuurnnirucyte|' abhidhAna rAjendrakoSa meM cUrNi kI paribhASA isa prakAra hai - atthabahulaM mahatthaM heunivaaovsgggNbhiirN| bahupAyamavocchinnaM gamaNayasuddhaM tu cunnppyN|| arthAt artha kI bahulatA ho, mahAn artha ho, hetu, nipAta aura upasarga se jo yukta ho, gaMbhIra ho, aneka padoM se samanvita ho, jisase aneka gama (jAnane ke upAya) hoM aura jo nayoM se zuddha ho, use cUrNipada samajhanA caahiye| cUrNiyoM meM prAkRta kI laukika, dhArmika Adi aneka kathAyeM dI gaI haiM, prAkRta bhASA meM zabdoM kI vyutpatti milatI hai tathA saMskRta aura prAkRta ke aneka padya uddhRta hue haiN| cUNiyoM meM nizItha kI vizeSacUrNi tathA AvazyakacUrNi kA sthAna bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| inameM jaina purAtattva se saMbaMdha rakhane vAlI vipula sAmagrI milatI hai| deza-videza ke rIti-rivAja, mele-tyauhAra, duSkAla, cora-luTere, sArthavAha, vyApAra ke mArga, bhojana, vastra, AbhUSaNa Adi viSayoM kA cUrNiyoM meM varNana hai, jisase jaina AcAryoM kI janasaMparka-vRtti, vyavahArakuzalatA aura unake vyApaka adhyayana kA patA lagatA hai| lokakathA aura bhASAzAstra kI dRSTi se yaha sAhitya atyanta upayogI hai| cUrNikAra vANijyakulIna koTigaNIya vajrazAkhIya jinadAsagaNi mahattara adhikAMza cUrNiyoM ke kartA ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| paramparA se nimna carNiyA~ jinadAsagaNi mahattara kI mAnI jAtI haiM - nizIthacarNi, nandIcUrNi, anuyogadvAracUrNi, AvazyakacUrNi, dazavaikAlikacUrNi, uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, AcArAMgacUrNi, suutrkRtaaNgcuurnni| upalabdha jItakalpacUrNi siddhasenasUri kI racanA hai| bRhatkalpacUrNikAra kA nAma pralambasUri hai|" jinadAsa kRta anuyogadvAra cUrNi se jinabhadra ke dvArA aMgula pada para akSarakSa: cUrNi uddhRta kI gaI hai| dazavaikAlika sUtra para eka aura cUrNi hai| isake racayitA agastyasiMha haiN| anya cUrNikAroM ke nAma ajJAta haiN| nimnalikhita AgamoM para cUrNiyA~ upalabdha haiM - AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti, kalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha, paMcakalpa, dazAzrutaskaMdha, jItakalpa, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanAzarIpapada, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika sUtra, naMdI aura anuyogdvaar| cUrNiyoM kA racanA krama nizcaya rUpa meM kucha bhI nahIM kaha sakate haiN| Avazyaka sUtra kA prasaMga hone se Avazyaka cUrNi ke prasiddha cUrNikAra jinadAsagaNi mahattara ke dharmaguru kA nAma uttarAdhyayanacUrNi ke anusAra vANijyakulIna, koTikagaNIya, vajrazAkhIya gopAlagaNi mahattara hai tathA vidyAguru kA nAma nizItha-vizeSacUrNi ke anusAra pradyumna kSamAzramaNa hai| nandIcUrNi ke anta meM cUrNikAra ne apanA jo paricaya diyA hai vaha aspaSTa hai| jinadAsa kA samaya bhASyakAra AcArya jinabhadra aura TIkAkAra AcArya haribhadra ke bIca kA honA caahie| isakA pramANa yaha hai ki AcArya jinabhadrakRta vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI gAthAoM kA prayoga inakI cUrNiyoM meM dRSTigocara hotA hai 79. jaina graMthAvalI pR. 12 80. gaNadharavAda, pR. 211 81. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 3, pRSTha 268

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[22] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana tathA inakI cUrNiyoM kA pUrA upayoga AcArya haribhadra kI TIkAoM meM huA hai| ataH jinadAsagaNi kA samaya vi. saM. 650-750 ke lagabhaga mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki inake pUrvavartI AcArya jinabhadragaNi vi. saM. 600-660 ke lagabhaga 2 aura uttaravartI AcArya haribhadra vi. saM. 757-827 ke lagabhaga vidyamAna the 3 nandI cUrNi ke anta usakA racanA kAla zaka saMvat 598 (vi. saM. 733) ullikhita hai| 84 isa prakAra jinadAsagaNi mahattara kA samaya AThavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha mAnA jA sakatA hai| AvazyakacUrNi AvazyakacUrNi niryukti ke anusAra likhI gaI hai, bhASya kI gAthAoM kA upayoga bhI yatra-tatra huA hai| mukhya rUpa se bhASA prAkRta hai, kintu saMskRta ke zloka evaM gadya paMktiyA~ bhI uddhRta kI gaI haiN| bhASA pravAha yukta hai| zailI meM lAlitya va oja hai| isameM kathAoM kI pracuratA hai| vizeSakara aitihAsika AkhyAnoM kA varNana vizAla dRSTikoNa se saMpRkta hai ata: aitihAsika dRSTi se isa cUrNi kA mahattva anya cUrNiyoM kI apekSA adhika hai / viSaya kA jitanA vistAra isa cUrNi meM kiyA gayA hai utanA anya cUrNiyoM meM upalabdha nahIM hai / oghaniyukti cUrNi, govindaniryukti, vasudevahiNDI Adi aneka granthoM kA ullekha isameM huA hai / viSaya vastu - sarvaprathama maMgala kI carcA kI gaI hai| bhAvamaMgala meM jJAna kA nirUpaNa hai| zrutajJAna kI dRSTi se Avazyaka para nikSepa dRSTi se cintana kiyA gayA hai / dravyAvazyaka aura bhAvAvazyaka para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| zruta kA prarUpaNa tIrthaMkara karate haiN| tIrthaMkara kauna hote haiM, isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate hue bhagavAn zabda kI vyutpati dI gaI hai| sAmAyika nAmaka prathama Avazyaka meM cUrNikAra ne dravyaparaMparA aura bhAvaparaMparA ke mAdhyama se sAmAyika kA varNana kiyA hai| sAmAyika kA uddezya, nirdeza, nirgama Adi 26 dvAroM se vicAra karane kA saMketa karate hue nirgama dvAra ke mAdhyama se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrva bhavoM kA kathana karate hue unake jIvana sambadhI sabhI ghaTanAoM kA vistRta varNana isameM upalabdha hotA hai| Avazyakaniryukti ke samAna hI bhagavAn RSabhadeva Adi tIrthaMkaroM para bhI prakAza DAlate hue nihnavavAda kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake bAda dravya, paryAya, nayadRSTi se sAmAyika ke bheda, usakA svAmI, usakI prApti kA kSetra, kAla, dizA, sAmAyika karane vAlA, usakI prApti ke hetu aura isa viSaya se saMbaMdhita Ananda, kAmadeva kA dRSTAnta, anukampA Adi hetu aura meMTha, indranAga, puNyazAla, zivarAjarSi, gaMgadatta, dazArNabhadra, ilAputra Adi ke dRSTAnta diye gae haiN| sAmAyika kI sthiti, sAmAyika vAloM kI saMkhyA, sAmAyika kA antara, sAmAyika kA AkarSa, samabhAva kI mahattA kA pratipAdana karane ke lie damadatta evaM samatA ke lie metAryamuni kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai / samAsa ke lie cilAtiputra, saMkSepa aura anavadya ke lie dharmaruci va pratyAkhyAna ke liye tetalIputra kA dRSTAnta dekara viSaya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt sUtrasparzika niyukti kI cUrNi hai / usameM namaskAra mahAmaMtra, nikSepa dRSTi se sneha, rAga va dveSa ke lie kramazaH arhannaka, dharmaruci tathA jamadagni kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai| arihantoM va siddhoM ko namaskAra, autpattikI Adi cAroM prakAra kI buddhi, karma, samudghAta, yoganirodha, siddhoM kA apUrva Ananda, AcAryoM upAdhyAyoM aura sAdhuoM ko namaskAra evaM 84. naMdIsUtracUrNi (prA. Te. so.) pR. 83 82. gaNadharavAda, prastAvanA pR. 32-33 83. jaina Agama, pR. 27

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti : eka paricaya [23] usake prayojana para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| usake bAda sAmAyika pATha 'karemi bhaMte' kI vyAkhyA karake chaha prakAra ke karaNa kA vistRta nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| caturviMzatistava adhyayana ke varNana meM stava, loka, udyota, dharma-tIrthaMkara Adi padoM para nikSepa dRSTi se cintana kiyA gayA hai tathA tIrthaMkaroM ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya vandanA adhyayana meM vaMdana ke yogya zramaNa ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai aura citikarma, kRtikarma, pUjAkarma aura vinayakarma kA dRSTAnta dekara samajhAyA gayA hai| AjIvaka, tApasa, parivrAjaka, taccaNiya aura boTika ina pAMca avandya ko vandana karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| ___ caturtha adhyayana meM pratikramaNa kI paribhASA pratikramaka, pratikramaNa aura pratikrAntavya ina tIna dRSTiyoM se kI gaI hai| praticaraNA, pariharaNA, vAraNA, nivRtti, nindA, garhA, zuddhi aura AlocanA para vivecanA karate hue udAharaNa bhI prastuta kiye gae haiN| kAyika, vAcika, mAnasika aticAra, IryApathikI virAdhanA, prakAma zayyA, bhikSAcaryA, svAdhyAya Adi meM lagane vAle aticAra, cAra vikathA, cAra dhyAna, pAMca kriyA, pAMcakAma guNa, pAMca mahAvrata, pAMca samiti Adi kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| zikSA ke grahaNa aura Asevana ye do bheda kie gae haiN| abhayakumAra kA vistAra se jIvanaparicaya prApta hotA hai| sAtha hI samrAT zreNika, celanA, koNika, ceTaka, udAyI, mahApadmanaMda, zakaDAla, vararuci, sthUlabhadra Adi aitihAsika vyaktiyoM ke caritra bhI diye gaye haiN| vrata kI mahattA kA pratipAdana karate hue kahA hai - prajvalita agni meM praveza karanA zreyaskara hai, kintu vrata kA bhaMga karanA anucita hai| vizuddha kArya karate hue maranA zreSTha hai, kintu zIla se skhalita hokara jIvita rahanA anucita hai| paMcama adhyayana meM kAyotsarga kA varNana hai| kAyotsarga eka prakAra se AdhyAtmika vraNacikitsA hai| kAyotsarga meM kAya aura utsarga ye do pada haiN| kAyotsarga ke kAya zabda kA nAma, sthApanA Adi bAraha prakAra ke nikSepoM se varNana kiyA gayA hai aura utsarga kA chaha nikSepoM se| kAyotsarga ke ceSTAkAyotsarga aura abhibhavakAyotsarga ye do bheda haiN| gamana Adi meM jo doSa lagA ho usake pApa se nivRtta hone ke liye ceSTAkAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai| hUNAdi se parAjita hokara jo kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai vaha abhibhavakAyotsarga hai| kAyotsarga ke prazasta evaM aprazasta ye do bheda haiM aura phira ucchrita Adi nau bheda haiN| zruta evaM siddha kI stuti para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| anta meM kAyotsarga ke doSa, phala Adi kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| chaThe adhyayana meM pratyAkhyAna kA vivecana hai| isameM samyaktva ke aticAra, zrAvaka ke bAhara vratoM ke aticAra, dasa pratyAkhyAna, chaha prakAra kI vizuddhi, pratyAkhyAna ke guNa, AgAra Adi para aneka dRSTAntoM ke sAtha vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra AvazyakacUrNi jinadAsagaNi mahattara kI eka mahanIya kRti hai| Avazyaka niyukti meM Aye hue sabhI viSayoM kA cUrNi meM vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isameM aneka paurANika, aitihAsika, mahApuruSoM ke jIvana uTaMkita kiye gaye haiM, jinakA aitihAsika aura sAMskRtika dRSTi se atyadhika mahattva hai| AvazyakacUrNi I. 1928-29 meM zrI RSabhadeva kezarImala jI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma dvarA do bhAgoM meM prakAzita huI hai| 85. jaina sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa bhAga-3, pR0 274-282

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[24] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 4. AvazyakasUtra kI TIkAeM mUla Agama, niyukti evaM bhASya, prAkRta bhASA meM likhe gaye aura cUrNisAhitya meM bhI pradhAna rUpa se prAkRta bhASA kA prayoga huA hai| usake pazcAt saMskRtaTIkA kA yuga aayaa| jaina sAhitya meM TIkA kA yuga svarNima yuga hai| niyukti meM AgamoM ke zabda kI vyutpatti aura vyAkhyA hai| bhASya sAhitya meM vistAra se AgamoM ke gambhIra bhAvoM kA vivecana hai| cUrNisAhitya meM nigUr3ha bhAvoM ko loka-kathAoM ke AdhAra se samajhAne kA prayAsa hai to TIkAsAhitya meM AgamoM kA dArzanika dRSTi se vizleSaNa hai| TIkAeM Agama siddhAMta ko samajhane ke lie atyaMta upayogI haiN| ye TIkAeM saMskRta meM haiM, yadyapi kathAsaMbaMdhI aMza prAkRta meM bhI uddhata kiyA gayA hai| TIkAkAroM ne prAcIna niyukti, bhASya aura cUrNi sAhitya kA to apanI TIkAoM meM prayoga kiyA hI hai, sAtha hI naye-naye hetuoM dvArA viSaya ko aura adhika puSTa banAyA hai| TIkAoM ke adhyayana aura parizIlana se usa yuga kI sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, rAjanaitika aura bhaugolika paristhitiyoM kA bhI samyak parijJAna ho jAtA hai| AgamoM kI aMtima valabhI vAcanA se pUrva hI AgamoM para TIkAeM likhI jAne lagI thiiN| vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke AcArya agastyasiMha ne apanI dazavaikAlikacUrNi meM aneka sthAnoM para ina prAcIna TIkAoM kA saMketa kiyaa| isI prakAra himavaMta therAvalI ke anusAra Arya madhumitra ke ziSya tattvArthabhASya para bRhadvRtti ke lekhaka Arya gaMdhahastI ne AryaskaMdila ke Agraha para 12 aMgoM para vivaraNa likhA thaa|86 Agama-sAhitya para sarvaprathama saMskRta ke TIkAkAroM meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa kA nAma sarvaprathama AtA hai| jinhoMne vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI svopajJavRtti kI racanA kii| anya TIkAkAroM meM haribhadrasUri (IsavI san 700-770) kA nAma AtA hai, jinhoMne Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, nandI aura anuyogadvAra para TIkAeM likhiiN| isake bAda vAdivetAla zAntisUri, nemicandrasUri, abhayadevasUri (IsavIM san 12 vIM zatAbdI), droNAcArya, maladhArI hemacandra, malayagiri Adi AcAryoM ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| Avazyaka vRtti saMskRta TIkAkAroM meM AcArya haribhadra kA nAma gaurava ke sAtha liyA jA sakatA hai| ve saMskRta bhASA ke prakANDa paNDita the| unhoMne Avazyakaniyukti para bhI vRtti likhii| prastuta vRtti ko dekhakara sujJoM kA yaha anumAna hai ki AcArya haribhadra ne Avazyaka sUtra para do vRttiyA~ likhI thiiN| vartamAna meM jo TIkA upalabdha nahIM hai, vaha TIkA upalabdha TIkA se bar3I thii| kyoMki AcArya ne svayaM likhA hai - 'vyAsArthastu vizeSavivaraNAdavagantavya iti|' anveSaNa karane para bhI yaha TIkA abhI taka upalabdha nahIM ho sakI hai| isa TIkA meM kahIM-kahIM niyukti ke pAThAntara bhI diye gae haiN| isameM bhI dRSTAntarUpa evaM anya kathAnaka prAkRta meM hI haiN| niyukti aura cUrNi meM jina viSayoM kA saMkSepa se saMketa kiyA gayA hai, unhIM kA isameM vistAra kiyA gayA hai| isa vRtti kA nAma ziSyahitA hai| isakA granthamAna 22000 zlokapramANa hai| lekhaka ne anta meM saMkSepa meM apanA paricaya bhI diyA hai| koTyAcArya ne AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke apUrva svopajJa bhASya ko pUrNa kiyA aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya para bhI eka navIna vRtti likhI, lekina koTyAcArya ne usa vRtti meM AcArya haribhadra kA kahIM para bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA, isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki ve haribhadra ke samakAlIna yA pUrvavartI hoNge| haribhadra kA kAla sabhI pramANoM ke AdhAra para I0 san 700 se 770 (vi. saM. 757 se 827) taka nizcita kiyA gayA hai| prabhAvaka caritra meM varNita kathAnaka ke anusAra Apake dIkSAguru AcArya 86. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 180 87. jaina sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa bhAga-3, pR.331

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya evaM bRhadvRtti : eka paricaya jinabhadra siddha hote haiM kintu haribhadra ke ullekhoM se aisA phalita hotA hai ki jinabhadra unake gacchapati guru the, jinadatta dIkSAkArI guru the, yAkinI mahattarA dharmajananI ( dharmamAtA ) thii| unakA kula vidyAdharagaccha evaM sampradAya zvetAmbara thA / AcArya haribhadra graMtha sUcI meM 73 graMtha samAviSTa haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki AcArya haribhadra ne 1444 graMthoM kI racanA kI thii| isakA kAraNa batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki 1444 bauddhoM kA saMhAra karane ke saMkalpa ke prAyazcitta ke rUpa meM unake guru ne unheM 1444 graMtha likhane kI AjJA dI thii| [25] Avazyaka vRtti Avazyaka niyukti para hai / isa vRtti meM TIkAkAra ne Avazyaka cUrNi kA anusaraNa nahIM karate hue svataMtra rIti se niryukti - gAthAoM kA vivecana kiyA hai / vRtti meM jJAna kA svarUpa pratipAdana karate hue Abhinibodhika jJAna kA chaha dRSTiyoM se vivacena kiyA hai| zruta, avadhi, manaH paryava aura kevalajJAna kA bhI bheda-prabheda Adi kI dRSTi se vivecana kiyA hai| pAMca jJAnoM kI vyAkhyA meM vaividhya kA pUrA upayoga kiyA hai| yaha vyAkhyAvaividhya cUrNi meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / sAmAyika-niryukti kA vyAkhyAna karate hue pravacana kI utpatti ke prasaMga para vRttikAra ne vAdimukhyakRta do zloka uddhRta kiye haiM, jinameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kucha puruSa svabhAva se hI aise hote haiM jinheM vItarAga kI vANI arucikara lagatI hai| isameM vItarAga ke pravacanoM meM koI doSa nahIM hai| doSa sunane vAle una puruSa - ulUkoM kA hai jinakA svabhAva hI vItarAga - pravacanarUpI prakAza meM andhe ho jAnA hai| sAmAyika ke uddeza, nirgama kSetra Adi 23 dvAroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA ' nirgama dvAra kA varNana karate hue kulakaroM kI utpatti kA varNana hai| nAbhi kulakara ke prasaMga meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke jIvana caritra kA varNana karate hue AcArya ne niyukti ke kucha pAThAntara bhI diye haiN| sAmAyikArtha kA pratipAdana karane vAle carama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke zAsana meM utpanna cAra anuyogoM kA vibhAjana karane vAle AryarakSita ke jIvana kA bhI vistRta varNana milatA hai| dvitIya Avazyaka 'caturviMzatistava' tRtIya Avazyaka 'vaMdanA' kA niryukti ke anusAra vivecana karate hue caturtha Avazyaka pratikramaNa kI vyAkhyA ke prasaMga para AcArya ne dhyAna ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlate hue dhyAnazataka kI sArI gAthAoM kA vyAkhyAna kiyA hai| paristhApanA kI vidhi kA varNana karate hue pUrI paristhApanAniryukti uddhRta kara dI hai| paMcama Avazyaka kAyotsarga ke anta meM 'ziSyahitAyAM kAyotsargAdhyayanaM samAptam' aisA pATha hai / Age bhI aisA pATha hai| isase vidita hotA hai ki prastuta vRtti kA nAma ziSyahitA hai / kAyotsarga T kA phala batAte hue AcArya kahate haiM ki kAyotsarga vivaraNa se prApta puNya ke phalasvarUpa sabhI prANI paMcavidha kAya (zarIra) kA utsarga kreN| paSTha Avazyaka pratyAkhyAna ke vivaraNa meM zrAvakadharma kA bhI vistAra pUrvaka vivecana karate hue pratyAkhyAna vidhi, mAhAtmya Adi kA varNana karate hue AcArya ne ziSyahitA nAmaka Avazyaka TIkA samApta kI hai 10 hAribhadrIya Avazyaka vRtti kA prakAzana I. 1916-17 meM Agamodaya samiti, bambaI tathA vi. saM. 2038 meM zrI bherUlAla kanhaiyAlAla koThArI dhArmika TrasTa, mumbaI se do bhAgoM meM prakAzana huA hai| 88. Avazyaka niryukti TIkA ke anta meM 89. jaina darzana (anuvAdaka paM. becaradAsa) prastAvanA, pR. 45-51 90. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3, pR. 344-348

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[28] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana Avazyaka vivaraNa AcArya malayagiri ne bhI Avazyaka sUtra para AvazyakavivaraNa nAmaka vRtti likhI hai| yaha vivaraNa mUla sUtra para na hokara Avazyakaniyukti para hai| yaha vivaraNa apUrNa hI prApta huA hai| vartamAna meM jo vivaraNa upalabdha hai vaha caturviMzatistava nAmaka dvitIya adhyayana ke 'thUNa rayaNavicittaM kuMthu sumiNammi teNa kuMthujiNo' vivecana taka prApta hotA hai| usake pazcAt bhagavAn aranAtha ke ullekha ke bAda kA vivaraNa nahIM milatA hai arthAt vaha apUrNa hai| jo vivaraNa upalabdha hai usakA graMthamAna 18000 zloka pramANa hai| niyukti kI gAthAoM para sarala aura subodha zailI meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa vivaraNa ke prAraMbha meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha, bhagavAn mahAvIra aura apane guru ko namaskAra kara TIkAkAra malayagiri ne batAyA hai ki yadyapi Avazyakaniyukti para aneka vivaraNa graMtha vidyamAna haiM, kintu ve kaThina hone ke kAraNa maMdabuddhi ke logoM ke lie punaH usakA vivaraNa prAraMbha kara kara rahe haiN| unhoMne sarvaprathama maMgala kA nAmAdi bhedapUrvaka vistRta vyAkhyAna kiyA evaM usakI upayogitA para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai| isameM yatra-tatra vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI gAthAeM uddhRta kI gaI haiN| ina gAthAoM para svataMtra vivecana na kara unakA sAra apanI vRtti meM uTUMkita kara diyA hai| vRtti meM jitanI gAthAe~ AI haiM, ve vRtti ke vaktavya ko puSTa karatI haiN| niyukti kI gAthAoM ke padoM kA artha karate hue tatpratipAdita pratyeka viSaya kA Avazyaka pramANoM ke sAtha varNana kiyA hai| yaha TIkA bhASA evaM zailI donoM hI dRSTiyoM se sarala va upayogI hai| jagaha-jagaha prAkRta meM kathAnaka diye haiN| isa vivaraNa meM vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI svopajJavRtti kA bhI ullekha huA hai| sAtha hI prajJAkaragupta, AvazyakacUrNikAra, Avazyaka-mUlaTIkAkAra, Avazyaka-mUlabhASyakAra, laghIyastrayAlaMkAra akalaMka, nyAyAvatAra-vivRtikAra Adi kA ullekha hai| AcArya malayagiri prasiddha mahAn TIkAkAra hote hue bhI Apake jIvana-vRtta aura guru paramparA ke sambandha vizeSa ullekha nahIM milatA hai| Apa AcArya hemacandra ke samakAlIna the| ApakA samaya vidvAnoM ne bArahavIM zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa kA svIkAra kiyA hai| ApakI ukta TIkA ke alAvA naMdI, rAjapraznIya, piMDaniyukti Adi se sambandhita 25 TIkA graMthoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai| Avazyaka vRttipradezavyAkhyA maladhArI hemacandrasUri ne haribhadrakRta Avazyaka vRtti para 4600 zloka pramANa AvazyakavRttipradezavyAkhyA yA hAribhadrIyAvazyakavRtti-TippaNaka nAmaka vRtti likhI hai| isa para hemacandra ke hI eka ziSya zrIcandrasUri ne eka aura TippaNa likhA hai jise pradezavyAkhyA-TippaNa kahate haiN| prArambha meM vyAkhyAkAra Adijinezvara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko namaskAra karate haiM, tadanantara vardhamAnaparyanta zeSa samasta tIrthaMkaroM ko namaskAra karake saMkSepa meM TippaNa likhane kI pratijJA karate haiN| isake bAda vyAkhyAkAra ne hAribhadrIya AvazyakavRtti ke kucha kaThina sthaloM kA sarala zailI meM vyAkhyAna karate hue anta meM vyAkhyAgata doSoM kI saMzuddhi ke lie munijanoM se prArthanA kI hai| AvazyakavRtti-pradezavyAkhyA kA prakAzana I. 1920 meM devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra saMsthA, bambaI dvArA huA hai| 91. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3, pR. 406-407 92. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3, pR. 387 93. vahI, bhAga 3, pR. 411-412

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya evaM bRhadvRtti : eka paricaya [27] Avazyaka niryukti - dIpikA mANikyazekharasUri dvArA racita dIpikA Avazyakaniryukti kA zabdArtha evaM bhAvArtha samajhane ke lie bahuta upayogI hai| isameM niryukti-gAthAoM kA ati sarala evaM saMkSipta zabdArtha tathA bhAvArtha diyA gayA hai| kathAnakoM kA sAra bhI bahuta hI saMkSepa meM samajhA diyA gayA hai| prAMrabha meM dIpikAkAra ne vIra jinezvara aura apane guru merutuMgasUri ko namaskAra kiyA hai evaM Avazyakaniryukti kI dIpikA likhane kA saMkalpa kiyA hai| yaha dIpikA durgapadArtha taka hI sImita hai, ise dIpikAkAra ne prAraMbha meM hI svIkAra kiyA hai| maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM naMdIsUtra kI pacAsa gAthAeM haiM jo ki dIpikAkAra ke kathanAnusAra devarddhigaNi dvArA racita haiN| dIpikA ke anta meM graMthakAra ne apanA paricaya dete hue apane ko aMcalagacchIya mahendraprabhasUri ke ziSya merutuMgasUri kA ziSya batAyA hai| Apa vikrama kI 15vIM zatI meM vidyamAna the 14 anya aneka vijJoM ne bhI Avazyaka sUtra para vRtiyA~ likhI haiN| saMkSepa meM unakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai jinabhaTTa, mANikyazekhara, kulaprabha, rAjavallabha Adi ne AvazyakasUtra para vRttiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai| inake atirikta vikrama saMvat 1122 meM nami sAdhu ne saMvat 1222 meM zrI candrasUri ne, saMvat 1440 meM zrI jJAnasAgara ne, saMvat 1500 meM dhIrasundara ne, saMvat 1540 meM zubhavarddhanagiri ne, saMvat 1697 meM hitaruci ne tathA san 1958 meM pUjya zrI ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja ne bhI AvazyakasUtra para vRtti kA nirmANa kara apanI pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai| Avazyakaniryukti-dIpikA kA prakAzana I. 1936-1941 meM vijayadAna sUrIzvara jaina granthamAlA sUrata dvArA kiyA gayA hai| 5. Tabbe TIkA yuga samApta hone ke pazcAt janasAdhAraNa ke lie AgamoM ke zabdArtha karane vAlI saMkSipta vyAkhyA banAI gaI, jo stabaka yA TabbA ke nAma se vizruta hai aura ve lokabhASAoM meM sarala aura subodha zailI meM likhe ge| ina vyAkhyAoM kA prayojana kisI viSaya kI gahanatA meM na utara kara sAdhAraNa pAThakoM ko kevala mUla sUtroM ke artha kA bodha karAnA thaa| isake lie Avazyaka thA ki isa prakAra kI vyAkhyAeM sAhityika bhASA arthAt saMskRta meM na likhakara lokabhASAoM meM likhI jAeM ataH tatkAlIna apabhraMza arthAt prAcIna gujarAtI bhASA meM bAlAvabodhoM kI racanA huI / dharmasiMha muni ne 18vIM zatAbdI meM bhagavatI, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, candraprajJapti aura sUryaprajJapti ko chor3a kara zeSa 27 AgamoM para bAlAvabodha Tabbe likhe the| unake Tabbe mUlasparzI artha ko spaSTa karane vAle haiN| unhoMne Avazyaka para bhI TabbA likhA thA / 6. anuvAda yuga TabboM ke pazcAt anuvAda yuga kI zuruAta huii| mukhya rUpa se Agama- sAhitya kA anuvAda tIna bhASAoM meM upalabdha hai - aMgrejI, gujarAtI aura hindI / Avazyaka sUtra kA aMgrejI meM anuvAda ho rahA hai, gujarAtI aura hindI meM upalabdha haiM / zodha pradhAna yuga meM Avazyaka sUtra para paMDita sukhalAlajI saMghavI tathA upAdhyAya amaramunijI Adi vidvAnoM ne viSaya kA vizleSaNa karane ke liye hindI meM zodha nibandha bhI prakAzita kiye haiN| AvazyakasUtra para upAdhyAya amaramunikRta Avazyaka - vivecana (zramaNasUtra) sanmati jJAnapITha, lohAmaNDI AgarA hindI pAThakoM ke lie vizeSa upayogI hai| 94. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3, pR. 422-424 95. AvazyakasUtra prastAvanA pR0 63

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[28] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana isake alAvA Avazyaka sUtra (gujarAtI anuvAda sahita) bhImasI mANeka, bambaI dvArA 1906 I. meM, AcArya ghAsIlAlajI dvArA saMskRta, hindI aura gujarAtI vyAkhyA sahita I. 1958 meM jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa se, AcArya amolakaRSi jI kRta hindI anuvAda sahita Avazyaka sUtra vI. saM. 2446 meM, mahAsatI suprabhA 'sudhA jI' kRta hindI anuvAda sahita I.1985 meM Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara dvArA tathA zrI akhila bhAratIya sudharma jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, byAvara dvArA Avazyaka sUtra kA hindI anuvAda prakAzati huA hai| jinabhadragaNi evaM unakA vizeSAvazyakabhASya Avazyaka sUtra ke chaha adhyayanoM meM se sAmAyika nAmaka prathama adhyayana kA varNana karate hue vistRta rUpa se zrImad jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya likhA hai| isa bhASya meM prAkRta bhASA kI 3603 gAthAeM haiN| yaha graMtha zaka saMvat 531 meM likhA gayA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke praNetA AcArya jinabhadragaNi apanI mahattvapUrNa kRtiyoM ke kAraNa jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa meM eka viziSTa sthAna rakhate haiN| ApakA uttara kAla vikrama saMvat 650 ke AsapAsa kA hai| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI racanA aisI zailI meM huI hai ki usake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki dArzanika jagat ke akhAr3e meM sarvaprathama jaina pratimalla kA sthAna yadi kisI ko diyA jAe to vaha AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ko hI diyA jA sakatA hai| unakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne darzana ke sAmAnya tattvoM ke viSaya meM hI tarkavAda kA avalambana nahIM liyA, kintu jaina darzana kI pramANa evaM prameya sambaMdhI choTI-bar3I mahattvazAlI sabhI bAtoM ke sambandha meM tarkavAda kA prayoga kara dArzanika jagat meM jaina darzana ko eka sarvatantra svatantra rUpa se hI nahIM, pratyuta sarvatantra samanvaya rUpa meM bhI upasthApita kiyA hai| unakI yuktiyA~ aura tarka zailI itanI adhika vyavasthita haiM ki AThavIM zatAbdI meM hone vAle mahAn dArzanika haribhadra tathA bArahavIM zatAbdI meM hone vAle AgamoM ke samartha TIkAkAra malayagiri bhI jJAna-carcA meM AcArya jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa kI hI yuktiyoM kA Azraya lete haiN| itanA hI nahIM, apitu aThArahavIM zatAbdI meM hone vAle navyanyAya ke asAdhAraNa vidvAn upAdhyAya yazovijayajI bhI apane 'jainatarka bhASA, anekAMta vyavasthA, jJAnabindu' Adi granthoM meM unakI dalIloM ko kevala navIna bhASA meM upasthita kara santoSa mAnate haiM, una graMthoM meM apanI ora se navIna vRddhi zAyada hI kI gaI hai| inase spaSTa hai ki sAtavIM zatAbdI meM AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne sampUrNa-rUpeNa pratimalla kA kArya sampanna kiyA thaa| jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa kA jIvana aura vyaktitva AcArya jinabhadra kaba hue aura kinake ziSya the, isa saMbaMdha meM paraspara virodhI ullekha milate haiM aura ve bhI 15 vIM yA 16 vIM zatAbdI meM likhI gaI paTTAvaliyoM meM haiN| ataH hama yaha mAna sakate haiM ki unheM samyak prakAreNa paTTa-paramparA meM saMbhavataH sthAna nahI milA, parantu unake sAhitya kA mahattva samajhakara tathA jaina sAhitya meM sarvatra unake granthoM ke AdhAra para likhe gae vivaraNa dekhakara uttarakAlIna AcAryoM ne unheM mahattva pradAna kiyA hai| IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke lagabhaga mathurA meM tathA pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga vallabhI nagarI meM jaina dharma kA prAbalya dikhAI detA hai| jaina dRSTi se vallabhI nagarI kA mahattva usake naSTa hone taka rahA hai aura usake naSTa hone ke bAda vallabhI nagarI ke nikaTavartI pAlItANA Adi nagara jaina dharma ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa kendra rahe haiN|

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti : eka paricaya [9] AcArya jinabhadra-kRta vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI prati zaka saMvat 531 (san 609 I.) meM likhI gaI aura vallabhI ke kisI jaina maMdira ko samarpita kI gii| isase jJAta hotA hai ki vallabhI nagarI se AcArya jinabhadra kA koI saMbaMdha honA caahiye| isase hama anumAna mAtra kara sakate haiM ki vallabhI aura usake AsapAsa unakA vicaraNa huA hogaa| DaoN. umAkAMta premAnanda zAha ne jaina satyaprakAza ke aMka 196 meM akoTA (aMkoTTaka) gAMva meM prApta prAcIna jaina mUrti meM se do mUrtiyoM kA paricaya dete hue kahA hai ki kalA tathA lipi ke AdhAra para ye mUrtiyA~ I0 san 550 se 600 ke kAla kI honI caahie| mUrtiyoM para jina AcArya jinabhadra kA nAma aMkita hai, ve jinabhadra vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ke kartA jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa hI haiN| una mUrtiyoM meM se eka mUrti ke padmAsana ke pRSTha bhAga meM 'OM devadharmoyaM nivRttikule jinabhadravAcanAcAryasya' aura dUsarI mUrti ke bhA-maNDala meM 'OM nivRttikule jinabhadravAcanAcAryassa' aMkita hai| isI bAta kA samarthana banArasa hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke prAcIna lipi vizArada pro0 avadhakizora ne bhI kiyA hai, ata: isameM zaMkA kA avakAza nahIM hai| uparyukta varNana se tIna niSkarSa nikalate haiM - 1. AcArya jinabhadra ne ina mUrtiyoM ko pratiSThita kiyA hogA, 2. unake kula kA nAma nivRtti kula thA aura 3. ve vAcanAcArya kahalAte the| AcArya nivRtti kula ke the, aisA pramANa uparyukta lekha ke alAvA anyatra upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 17 veM paTTa para AcArya vajrasena hue the| unhoMne sopAraka nagara ke seTha jinadatta aura seThAnI IzvarI ke cAra putroM ko dIkSA dI thii| unake nAma the - nAgendra, candra, nivRtti aura vidyaadhr| bhaviSya meM ina cAroM ke nAma se bhinna-bhinna cAra paramparAeM calIM aura ve nAgendra, candra, nivRtti aura vidyAdhara kula ke nAma se prasiddha huI / ukta mUrti-lekha ke AdhAra para yaha siddha hotA hai ki AcArya jinabhadra nivRtti kula meM hue| 'cauppana-mahApurisa-cariyaM' nAmaka prAkRta-graMtha ke lekhaka zIlAcArya, 'upamiti-bhavaprapaMcakathA' ke lekhaka siddharSi, navAMgavRtti ke saMzodhaka droNAcArya jaise prasiddha AcArya bhI isa nivRtti kula meM hue haiM, ataH isa bAta meM saMdeha nahIM ki yaha kula vidvAnoM kI khAna thaa|" isa bAta ko chor3a kara unake jIvana se saMbaMdhita koI varNana prApta nahIM hotA, mAtra inake guNoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai, inake guNoM kA vyavasthita varNana unake dvArA racita jItakalpa-sUtra ke TIkAkAra ne kiyaa| zaMkA - jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa pUrvadhara nahIM the to inheM kSamAzramaNa kI upAdhi kyoM dI gaI thI? samAdhAna - kSamAzramaNa kI upAdhi pUrvadharoM ke hI lagatI thI aisI bAta nahIM hai| pUrvo ke jJAna ke binA bhI gurubhagavantoM ke lie 'kSamAzramaNa' zabda kA prayoga hotA hai, jaise AvazyakasUtra ke pATha 'icchAmi khamAsamaNo' meM guru bhagavantoM ke lie kSamAzramaNa zabda kA prayoga huA hai| ata: jinabhadragaNi ke lie kSamAzramaNa pada kA usa samaya kI paramparA ke anurUpa prayoga honA anucita nahIM hai| isa sambandha meM paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kA abhimata hai ki "prArambha meM 'vAcaka' zabda zAstra vizArada ke lie pracalita thA, parantu jaba vAcakoM meM kSamAzramaNoM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI gaI taba 'kSamAzramaNa' zabda bhI vAcaka ke paryAya ke rUpa meM vizruta ho gyaa| athavA 'kSamAzramaNa' zabda Avazyaka sUtra meM sAmAnya guru ke artha meM bhI prayukta huA hai, ataH saMbhava hai ki ziSya vidyAguru ko 'kSamAzramaNa' ke nAma se bhI sambodhita karate rahe hoM, ataH kSamAzramaNa aura vAcaka ye paryAyavAcI bana 96. kharatara gaccha kI paTTAvalI, dekheM-jaina gurjara kavioM bhAga 2, pRSTha 669 (udadhRta-gaNadharavAda, prastAvanA, pR. 31) 97. gaNadharavAda prastAvanA pR. 31-32 98. jItakalpa sUtra kI prastAvanA pR. 7

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[30] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana gye| jaina samAja meM jaba vAdiyoM kI pratiSThA sthApita huI taba zAstra vizAradatA ke kAraNa vAcakoM ko 'vAdI' kahA hogA aura kAlAntara meM vAdI vAcaka kA hI paryAyavAcI bana gyaa| AcArya siddhasena ko zAstra vizArada hone ke kAraNa divAkara kI padavI dI gaI, ataH vAcaka kA paryAyavAcI divAkara bhI hai| AcArya jinabhadra kA yuga kSamAzramaNoM kA yuga thA, ata: unake pazcAt ke lekhakoM ke lie vAcanAcArya ke sthAna para kSamAzramaNa zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 99 AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa Agamika paramparA ke samarthaka the| ApakI samagra racanAeM tathA racanA kI pratyeka paMkti Agama AmnAya kI paripoSaka hai| Apane Agama para darzana ko pratiSThita kiyaa| ApakI cintana vidhA maulika thii| Apane pratyeka prameya ke sAtha anekAnta aura naya ko ghaTita kiyA hai| parokSa kI zreNI meM Aye hue indriya pratyakSa ko saMvyavahAra pratyakSa kI saMjJA sarvaprathama Apane hI dI hai| jinabhadragaNi kA kAla AcArya haribhadra Adi ke ullekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki Avazyaka niyukti kI prathama TIkA ke rUpa meM kisI bhASya kI racanA huI thii| ataH sambhavataH AcArya jinabhadragaNi ke bhASya ko alaga darzAne ke lie use mUla-bhASya nAma de diyA ho| lekina yaha nizcita hai ki mUla-bhASya ke bAda jinabhadragaNi ne Avazyaka niyukti ke sAmAyika nAmaka prathama adhyayana ke AdhAra para padya rUpa jo prAkRta TIkA likhI vaha vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke nAma se prasiddha huI hai| ataH AcArya jinabhadra kA samaya niyukti kartA bhadrabAhu aura mUla bhASya ke kartA se pahale kA nahIM ho sakatA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu vi0 saM0 562 ke lagabhaga vidyamAna the, ataH vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA samaya vi0 saM0 600 se pahale sambhava nahIM hai| munizrI jinavijayajI ne jaisalamera kI vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI prati ke anta meM likhita do gAthAoM ke AdhAra para jinabhadragaNi ke kAla kA nirNaya kiyA hai| inakI racanA vi0 saM0 666 (zaka saMvat 531) meM huii|107 munizrI jambUvijayajI ne bhI isakA samarthana kiyA hai| yadi munizrI jinavijayajI ke anusAra vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI prati zaka saMvat 531(vi. saM. 666) meM likhI gaI, to usakI racanA kA samaya vi0 660 ke bAda kA to ho hI nahIM sktaa| sAtha hI yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki AcArya jinabhadragaNi kI yaha antima racanA thI evaM isakI TIkA bhI unake svargavAsa ke kAraNa adhUrI raha gaI thI, ataH jinabhadragaNi kA samaya vi0 saM. 650 ke pazcAt kA nahIM ho sakatA hai| paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA muni jinavijayajI ke kathana se sahamata nahIM haiN| unakA abhimata hai ki vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI prati ke aMta meM likhita do gAthAoM meM racanA viSayaka kisI bhI prakAra kA ullekha nahIM huA hai| khaNDita akSaroM ko yadi hama kisI mandira vizeSa kA nAma mAna leM to ina gAthAoM meM koI kriyApada nahIM rhtaa| aisI sthiti meM isakI racanA zaka saM. 531 meM huI, yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kaha skte| adhika saMbhava to yahI lagatA hai ki usa samaya yaha prati likhakara mandira ko samarpita kI gaI ho| cUMki ye gAthAeM kevala jaisalamera kI prati meM hI haiM, anya kisI prAcIna pratiyoM meM nahIM haiN| yadi ye gAthAeM mUlabhASya kI hI hotI, to sabhI meM honI cAhie thii| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki ye gAthAeM racanAkAla sUcaka haiM aisA mAnA jAye to yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki gAthAoM kI racanA jinabhadragaNi ne kI, to ina gAthAoM kI TIkAeM bhI milanI caahie| koTyAcArya aura maladhArI hemacandra kI vizeSAvazyaka kI 99. gaNadharavAda, prastAvanA, pR. 31 101. gaNadharavAda prastAvanA pR. 33 100. gaNadharavAda, prastAvanA, pR. 32 102. dvAdazAraM nayacakram, prastAvanA pR. 74

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti : eka paricaya (31] TIkAoM meM ina gAthAoM para TIkAeM nahIM haiM aura na una TIkA granthoM meM ye gAthAeM hI haiN| ata: ina gAthAoM meM jo samaya nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai, vaha racanA kA nahIM kintu prati ke lekhana kA hai|103 dUsarI dhAraNA ke anusAra AcArya jinabhadragaNi vIra nirvANa 1115 meM yugapradhAna bne| isakA ullekha dharmasAgarIya paTTAvalI meM hai| isa yugapradhAna kAla ko 60 yA 65 varSa kA ginane se unakA svargavAsa vikrama 705-710 meM nizcita hotA hai, kintu isake sAtha ukta prati ke ullekha kA mela nahIM baiThatA, kyoMki vaha vi0 666 meM likhI gaI thii| ataH isakA nirmANa usase pahale hI pUrNa ho cukA thaa| antima kRti hone ke kAraNa usake nirmANa aura AcArya kI mRtyu ke samaya 10 yA 15 varSa se adhika ke antara kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| yadi kalpanA kareM ki, yaha ullekha grantha ke nirmANa kA sUcaka hai to aisI dazA meM isa grantha kI racanA ke cAlIsa varSa bAda unakI mRtyu mAnanI par3egI, kintu koTyAcArya kA ullekha isameM spaSTa rUpa se bAdhaka hai| ataH uparyukta tathyoM se jinabhadra kA svargavAsa adhika se adhika vi0 saM. 650 meM huA, yaha mAnanA adhika ThIka lagatA hai| janazruti ke anusAra AcArya jinabhadra kI Ayu 104 varSa kI thii| usake anusAra unakA samaya vi. saM. 545 se 650 taka mAnA jA sakatA hai, jaba taka isake viruddha pramANa na mile, taba taka hama AcArya jinabhadra ke isa samaya ko prAmANika mAna sakate haiN|104 mAlavaNiyA jI kA yaha mata adhika ucita pratIta hotA hai| AcArya jinabhadragaNi ke graMtha - jinabhadragaNi ne nau graMthoM kI racanA kI hai, yathA 1. vizeSAvazyakabhASya (prAkRta padya), 2. vizeSAvazyakabhASya svopajJavRtti (saMskRta gadya), 3. bRhat saMgrahaNI (prAkRta padya) 4. bRhat kSetrasamAsa (prAkRta padya) 5. vizeSaNavatI (prAkRta padya) 6. jItakalpa sUtra (prAkRta padya) 7. jItakalpasUtra bhASya (prAkRta padya) 8. dhyAnazataka aura 9. anuyogacUrNi (prAkRta gdy)|105 dhyAna zataka ke kartRtva ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM ko abhI saMzaya hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA pratipAdya viSaya / vizeSAvazyaka bhASya eka aisA graMtha hai jisameM jaina AgamoM meM pratipAdita sabhI mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa bhASya kI eka mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM jaina dharma kI mAnyatAoM kA varNana mAtra jaina darzana kI dRSTi se na karate hue anya darzanoM ke sAtha tulanA, khaNDana aura samarthana Adi karate hue kiyA gayA hai| ata: dArzanika dRSTi koNa se bhI yaha graMtha mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai ki jainAgamoM kA rahasya jAnane ke lie vizeSAvazyakabhASya eka upayogI graMtha hai| isameM agra likhita viSayoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai - maMgala kA svarUpa, jJAnapaMcaka, nirukta, nikSepa, anugama, nayavAda, sAmAyika kI prApti, sAmAyika ke bAdhaka kAraNa, cAritra lAbha, pravacana, sUtra anuyoga kA pRthakkaraNa, AcAra nIti, karma siddhAMta, syAdvAda, graMthi bheda, deza virati, sarvavirati sAmAyika Adi pAMca cAritra, ziSya kI yogyatA-ayogyatA, gaNadharavAda, nihnava adhikAra, sAmAyika ke vividha dvAra, digambaravAda, namaskAra sUtra kI utpatti, karemi bhaMte Adi padoM kI vyaakhyaa| vistAra se viSaya vastu isa prakAra hai - 1. sarvaprathama AcArya ne pravacana ko namaskAra kiyA hai| AvazyakAnuyoga kA phala, yoga, maMgala, samudAyArtha, dvAropanyAsa, tadbheda, nirukta, kramaprayojana Adi dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 1 se 2 taka) 104. gaNadharavAda, prastAvanA pR. 34 103. gaNadharavAda, prastAvanA, pR. 33 105. jaina dharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya, pR. 225

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[32] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 2. phala dvAra - jJAna aura kriyA se mokSa hotA hai, ataH Avazyaka anuyoga kA aMtima phala mokSa batAyA hai| (gAthA 3) 3. yogadvAra - jisa prakAra kuzala vaidya bAlaka ke lie ucita AhAra kI sammati detA hai, usI prakAra mokSa ke icchuka bhavya jIva ke lie Avazyaka kA AcaraNa upayukta hai| AcArya ziSya ko sarvaprathama sAmAyika detA hai usake bAda zeSa zruta kA jJAna detA hai| guru kisa prakAra ziSya ko zruta jJAna detA hai usakA krama isa prakAra diyA hai -pravrajyA, zikSApada, artha grahaNa, aniyatavAsa, niSpatti, vihAra sAmAcArI sthiti aadi| (gAthA 4 se 10 taka) 4. maMgala dvAra - maMgala kA svarUpa, usake bheda, maMgala kI AvazyakatA Adi kA kathana karate hue use nikSepa Adi ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA gayA hai| maMgala tIna prakAra kA hotA hai - 1 zAstra ke Adi meM zAstra kI avighnapUrvaka samApti ke lie, 2 zAstra ke madhya meM zAstra kI sthiratA ke lie, 3 zAstra ke anta meM ziSya-praziSyAdi vaMzaparyanta zAstra ko sthira karane ke lie| maMgala kA zabdArtha isa prakAra hai - 'mayate'dhigamyate yena hitaM tena maGgalaM bhavati' arthAt jisase hita kI siddhi hotI hai, vaha maMgala hai, isI prakAra maMgala ke aura bhI artha kiye haiN| nAma Adi cAra nikSepa se bhAvamaMgala ke svarUpa kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| dravya maMgala kA varNana karate hue nayoM ke svarUpa Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| bhASyakAra ne naMdI ko bhI maMgala mAnA hai, usake bhI maMgala kI taraha cAra prakAra haiN| unameM se bhAvanaMdI paMcajJAnarUpa hai| (gAthA 11 se 79 taka) maMgala dvAra ke antargata hI jJAnapaMcaka meM pAMcoM jJAnoM kA svarUpa, kSetra, svAmI, viSaya, jJAna kA krama, bheda-prabheda Adi kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| mati Adi pAMca jJAnoM meM se mati aura zruta parokSa evaM zeSa tIna pratyakSa jJAna haiN| jo jJAna dravyendriya aura dravyamana se utpanna hotA hai vaha parokSa jJAna kahalAtA hai| isakI siddhi ke lie aneka hetu diye haiN| jo jJAna sIdhA jIva (AtmA) se utpanna hotA hai vaha pratyakSa jJAna kahalAtA hai| isa prasaMga para vaizeSikAdi sammata indriyotpanna pratyakSa kA bhI khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 80 se 836 taka) 1-2. matijJAna aura zrutajJAna ke lakSaNa, bheda kI carcA karate hue AcArya kahate haiM ki jo vijJAna indriya manonimittaka tathA zrutAnusArI hai, vaha bhAva zruta hai, zeSa mati hai| zrutajJAna matipUrvaka hI hotA hai, lekina mati zrutapUrvaka nahIM hotA isakI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| dravyazruta aura bhAvazruta meM saMbaMdha, mati-zruta ke viSaya ityAdi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| mati aura zruta ke bheda ko aura spaSTa karane ke lie valka aura zumba ke udAharaNa kI yuktiyukta parIkSA karate hue bhASyakAra ne yaha siddha kiyA hai ki mati valka ke samAna hai aura bhAvazruta zumba ke samAna hai| matijJAna kA vizeSa varNana karate hue isake mukhya do bheda kie gaye haiM - zrutanizrita aura ashrutnishrit| ina donoM meM se zrutanizrita ke cAra bhedoM avagraha, IhA, avAya, dhAraNA ke svarUpa evaM prabhedoM para matAntara sahita prakAza DAlA gayA hai| zrutanizrita ke kula 336 aura azrutanizrita ke autpAtikI Adi cAra buddhiyAM, isa prakAra vibhinna prakAra se matijJAna ke bhedoM ko batAyA gayA hai| saMzaya jJAna hai yA ajJAna, isakI carcA karate hue samyagdRSTi aura mithyAdRSTi kI vizeSatAoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| avagrahAdi kI kAla maryAdA batAte hue bhASyakAra ne indriyoM kI prApyakAritA aura aprApyakAritA ke samIpa, dUrI, kAla ityAdi se

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti : eka paricaya [33] sambaMdha rakhane vAle binduoM kA varNana kiyA hai| isa prasaMga para bhASA, zarIra, samudghAta Adi viSayoM kA vistRta paricaya diyA hai| matijJAna jJeyabheda se cAra prakAra (dravyAdi) kA hai| niyuktikAra kA anusaraNa karate hue Age kI kucha gAthAoM meM Abhinibodhika jJAna kA satpadaprarUpaNA, dravyapramANa, kSetra, sparzana, kAla, antara, bhAga, bhAva aura alpabahutva ina dvAroM se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| vyavahAravAda aura nizcayavAda kA bhI varNana huA hai| zrutajJAna kA vizeSa varNana karate hue akSara, saMjJI, samyak, sAdika, saparyavasita, gamika aura aMgapraviSTa ye sAta aura inake pratipakSI sAta ina caudaha bhedoM kA varNana karate hue aupazamika Adi pAMca samakita kA saMkSipta paricaya bhI diyA gayA hai| upayogayukta zrutajJAnI saba dravyoM ko jAnatA hai, kintu unameM se apane acakSudarzana se kucha ko hI dekhatA hai| aisA kyoM? isakA bhI uttara bhASyakAra ne diyA hai| jJAna grahaNa ke ATha guNa haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM - zuzrUSA, pratipRcchA, zravaNa, grahaNa, paryAlocana, apohana (nizcaya), dhAraNa aura samyak anusstthaan| bhASyakAra ne niyuktisammata ina ATha prakAra ke guNoM kA saMkSipta vivecana kiyA haiN| (gAthA 80 se 567 taka) 3. avadhijJAna kA vistRta varNana karate hue bhASyakAra ne niyukti kI gAthAoM kA bahuta vistAra se vyAkhyAna kiyA hai| bhavapratyaya aura guNapratyaya bhedoM kA varNana caudaha prakAra ke nikSepoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 568 se 808 taka) 4. mana:paryavajJAna se manuSya ke mAnasika pariciMtana kA pratyakSa hotA hai| yaha jJAna manuSya kSetra taka sImita hai, guNapratyayika hai aura cAritrazIla ko hotA hai| isa prakAra mana:paryavajJAna ke bheda, viSaya, svAmI ityAdi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, avadhijJAna se manaHparyavajJAna kI vizeSatAeM batAI haiN| (gAthA 810 se 822 taka) 5. kevalajJAna sarvadravya tathA sarvaparyAyoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| vaha ananta hai, zAzvata hai, apratipAtI hai, eka hI prakAra kA hai| yaha jJAna sarvAvaraNakSaya se utpanna hone vAlA hai, ataH sarvotkRSTa hai, sarvavizuddha hai, sarvagata hai| kevalI kisI bhI artha kA pratipAdana pratyakSa jJAna dvArA hI karate haiM ityAdi aneka prakAra se kevalajJAna kA varNana yahA~ samprApta hai| (gAthA 823 se 836 taka) isa prakAra jJAna paMcaka ke varNana ke sAtha hI maMgala dvAra kI samApti hotI hai| 5. samudAyArtha dvAra - pAMca jJAnoM meM zruta jJAna hI maMgalArtha (anuyoga) hai| kyoMki yaha jJAna hI sva-para bodhaka hai| ataH isIkA yahA~ anuyoga hai| anuyoga kA artha hai - sUtra kA apane abhidheya se anuyojn| prastuta zAstra kA nAma Avazyaka zrutaskaMdha hai| isake sAmAyikAdi jo chaha bheda haiM, unheM adhyayana kahate haiN| ata: 'Avazyaka', 'zruta', 'skaMdha', 'adhyayana' Adi padoM kA pRthak-pRthak anuyoga karanA caahie| 'Avazyaka' kA nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva rUpa cAra prakAra kA nikSepa hotA hai| dravyAvazyaka kA Agama aura noAgama rUpa se vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| adhikAkSara, hInAkSara ityAdi ko udAharaNa se samajhAyA hai| Avazyaka ke prabhedoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| Avazyaka ke paryAya, isI prakAra zruta skaMdha Adi kA nikSepa vidhi se vistAra pUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| Avazyaka zrutaskaMdha ke chaha adhyayanoM ke arthAdhikAra kA varNana bhI upalabdha hai| (gAthA 837 se 902 taka)

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[34] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 6. dvAropanyAsa aura bheda dvAra - sAmAyika kA lakSaNa samabhAva hai| jisa prakAra vyoma saba dravyoM kA AdhAra hai usI prakAra sAmAyika sabhI guNoM kA AdhAra hai| zeSa adhyayana eka taraha se sAmAyika ke hI bheda haiN| kyoMki sAmAyika darzana, jJAna aura cAritrarUpa tIna prakAra kI hai aura koI guNa aisA nahIM hai jo ina tIna prakAroM se adhika ho| sAmAyika anuyoga kA upakrama, nikSepa, anugama aura naya se kathana kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 905 se 910 taka) 7. nirukta dvAra - upakramaNa arthAt samIpIkaraNa (nyAsadezAnayana) upakrama hai| nikSepa kA artha hai nizcita kSepa arthAt nyAsa athavA niyata vyvsthaapn| anugama kA artha hai sUtrAnurUpa gamana (vyAkhyAna) athavA arthAnurUpa gmn| (gAthA 911 se 914 taka) 8. upakrama prayojana - upakrama, nikSepa, anugama tathA naya ke krama ko siddha kiyA gayA hai tathA AnupUrvI, nAma, pramANa, vaktavyatA, arthAdhikAra aura samavatAra nAmaka chaha bhedoM kA vistRta varNana (gAthA 915 se 956 taka) 9. nikSepa - nikSepa ke tIna bheda oghaniSpanna, nAmaniSpanna tathA sUtrAlApakaniSpanna hai| zruta ke aMga, adhyayana Adi sAmAnya nAma ogha, zubha adhyAtma kA nAma adhyayana hai| 'karemi bhaMte' Adi padoM kA nyAsa hI sUtrAlApakanikSepa hai| ina tInoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 957 se 970 taka) ___10. anugama - anugama ke do prakAra haiM - niryuktyanugama tathA suutraanugm| inake prabhedoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 971 se 1007 taka) 11. naya - kisI bhI sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate samaya saba prakAra ke nayoM kI parizuddhi kA vicAra karate hue niravazeSa artha kA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai| yahI naya hai| isa prakAra cAra prakAra ke anuyoga kA kathana pUrNa huA hai| (gAthA 1008 se 1011 taka) 12. upodghAta-vistAra - madhya maMgala - maMgalopacAra karake bhASyakAra kahate haiM ki maiM graMtha kA vistArapUrvaka upodghAta kruuNgaa| jisase tirA jAtA hai athavA jo tirA detA hai athavA jisameM tirA jAtA hai use tIrtha kahate haiN| nAma Adi se vaha cAra prakAra kA hotA hai| nadI Adi dravya tIrtha hai| jo zrutavihita saMgha hai vahI bhAvatIrtha hai, usameM rahane vAlA sAdhu tAraka hai| jJAnAdi trika taraNa hai tathA bhavasamudra taraNIya hai| jo bhAvatIrtha kI sthApanA karate haiM arthAt use guNarUpa se prakAzita karate haiM unheM tIrthakara hitArthakara kahate haiN| tIrthaMkaroM ke parAkrama, jJAna, gati Adi viSayoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI va gaNadharoM ko vaMdana kara Avazyaka sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue sAmAyika nAmaka prathama adhyayana ke vivecana kI pratijJA kara niyukti kA artha batAyA gayA hai| (gAthA 1012 se 1125 taka) 13. jJAna-cAritra - jJAna kA sAra cAritra aura cAritra kA prayojana nirvANa hai| jJAna se vastu kI yathArthatA-ayathArthatA kA prakAzana hotA hai aura isase cAritra kI vizuddhi hotI hai, ataH jJAna cAritra vizuddhi ke prati pratyakSa kAraNa hai| isa prakAra jJAna aura cAritra donoM mokSa ke prati kAraNa haiN| (gAthA 1126 se 1182 taka) 14. sAmAyika lAbha - sAmAyika kI prApti, jJAnAvaraNa Adi AThoM karma prakRttiyoM kI jaghanya evaM utkRSTa sthiti Adi kA nirUpaNa isa prakaraNa meM huA hai| isake bAda dezavirati, sarvavirati, upazamazreNi aura kSapakazreNi kI prApti kisa prakAra hotI hai, isakA varNana kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 1186 se 1222 taka)

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti : eka paricaya [B] 15. sAmAyika ke bAdhaka kAraNa - kaSAya Adi ke udaya se samyaktva Adi sAmAyika kI prApti nahIM hotii| yadi prApta ho gaI to punaH calI jAtI hai| kaSAya ke svarUpa kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki jisake kAraNa prANI paraspara hiMsA karate haiM, use kaSAya kahate haiM athavA jisake kAraNa prANI zArIrika evaM mAnasika duHkhoM se pIr3ita hote rahate haiM, use kaSAya kahate haiM athavA jisase kaSa arthAt karma kA Aya arthAt lAbha hotA hai, use kaSAya kahate haiM athavA jisase prANI kaSa arthAt karma ko prApta hote haiM, use kaSAya kahate haiM athavA jo kaSa kA Aya arthAt upAdAna (hetu) hai vaha kaSAya hai| kaSAya kI maMdatA aura utkRSTatA kisa prakAra cAritra kA ghAta karatI hai| isakA varNana bhI yahA~ huA hai| (gAthA 1224 se 1256 taka) __ 16. cAritra prApti - anantAnubaMdhI Adi bAraha kaSAya ke kSaya, kSayopazama Adi se cAritra kA lAbha hotA hai| cAritra ke pAMca bheda - sAmAyika, chedopasthApanIya, parihAravizuddhi, sUkSmasaMparAya tathA ythaakhyaatcaaritr| inakA vistRta varNana karate hue upazama zreNI-kSapaka zreNI ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 1254 se 1346 taka) 17. pravacana kA sUtra - kevalajJAna kI utpatti ke prasaMga ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue jina pravacana kI utpatti, zrutadharma Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 1347 se 1384 taka) 18. anuyoga - anuyoga, niyoga, bhASA, vibhASA, vArtika ina pAMca ekArthaka zabdoM kA svarUpa kathana kiyA gayA hai| anuyoga kA sAta prakAra se nikSepa hotA hai| anuyoga ke viparIta ananuyoga kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| vyAkhyAna vidhi kI carcA karate hue bhASyakAra ne vividha dRSTAMta dekara ziSya-guru kI yogyatA kA mApadaMDa batAyA hai| aneka preraNAspada dRSTAMta dekara guru-ziSya ke guNa-doSoM kA sarasa, sarala evaM saphala citraNa kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 1385 se 1482 taka) 19 sAmAyika dvAra - uddezya, nirdeza ityAdi 26 dvAroM ke mAdhyama se sAmAyika kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 1483 se 2787 taka) 1. uddezya - uddezya kA artha sAmAnya nirdeza arthAt sAmAyika kA sAmAnya nAma kyA hai? yaha nAma, sthApanA Adi se ATha prakAra kA hotA hai| (gAthA 1483 se 1496 taka) 2. nirdeza - vastu kA vizeSa ullekha nirdeza hai arthAt sAmAyika ke bhedoM kA ullekha krnaa| isameM bhI nAmAdi ATha bheda haiM aura naya dRSTi se sAmAyika kI triliMgatA kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| (gAthA 1497 se 1530 taka) 3. nirgama - nirgama kA artha prasUti (utpatti) hai arthAt sAmAyika kI utpatti kA mUlasrota kyA hai? nirgama, nAma Adi se yaha chaha prakAra kA hotA hai| ina chaha bhedoM kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki jisa dravya sAmAyika kA nirgama huA hai vaha dravya yahA~ para mahAvIra ke rUpa meM hai| kSetra - mahAsena vana hai| kAla - prathama pauruSI pramANa aura bhAva - vakSyamANa lakSaNa puruSa hai| ye saMkSepa meM sAmAyika ke nirgamAMga haiN| sAmAyika ke nirgama ke sAtha svayaM mahAvIra ke nirgama kI carcA karate hue jinabhadragaNi ne bIca meM hI gaNadhavAda kA kathana kiyA hai| (gAthA 1531 se 1548 taka) gaNadharavAda - isameM indrabhUti Adi gyAraha brAhmaNa paNDitoM aura bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke bIca vibhinna viSayoM para huI dArzanika carcA kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai, ise gaNadharavAda kahate haiN| isa carcA meM dArzanika jagat ke prAyaH samasta viSayoM kA samAveza ho

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[5] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana liyA gayA hai| dIkSA se pUrva sabhI gaNadhara vaidika vidyA ke paMDita the| inhoMne dIkSA se pUrva bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI se apanI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna prApta kara bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI kI nezrAya meM saMyama aMgIkAra kiyA, inakI zaMkAeM isa prakAra thIM -(gAthA 1549 se 2024 taka) i. indrabhUti - AtmA kA svatantra astitva - AtmA aura zarIra meM bheda, AtmA kI siddhi ke hetu, vyutpatti mUlaka hetu, jIva kI anekatA, jIva kA svadeha parimANa, jIva kI nityAnityatA, jIva bhUtadharma nahIM ityAdi prakAra kI apanI zaMkAoM kA bhagavAn mahAvIra se samAdhAna prApta kara indrabhUti apane 500 ziSyoM ke sAtha dIkSita ho gye| (gAthA 1559 se 1604 taka) ii. agnibhUti - karma kI sattA - mUrta karma aura AtmA kA saMbaMdha, IzvarakartRtva kA khaMDana ityAdi prakAra kI apanI zaMkAoM kA bhagavAn mahAvIra se samAdhAna prApta kara agnibhUti apane 500 ziSyoM ke sAtha dIkSita ho gye| (gAthA 1610 se 1644 taka) iii. vAyubhUti - AtmA aura deha kA bheda, indriya bhinna Atma-sAdhaka anumAna, AtmA kI nityatA, AtmA kI adRzyatA ityAdi prakAra kI apanI zaMkAoM kA bhagavAn mahAvIra se samAdhAna prApta kara vAyubhUti apane 500 ziSyoM ke sAtha dIkSita ho gye| (gAthA 1649 se 1686 taka) vi. vyaktasvAmI - zUnyavAda kA nirAsa, vAyu aura AkAza kA astitva, bhUtoM kI sajIvatA, hiMsA-ahiMsA kA viveka ityAdi prakAra kI apanI zaMkAoM kA bhagavAn mahAvIra se samAdhAna prApta kara vyakta apane 500 ziSyoM ke sAtha dIkSita ho gye| (gAthA 1687 se 1769 taka) v. sudharmA - ihaloka aura paraloka kI vicitratA saMbaMdhI apanI zaMkA kA samAdhAna hone para sudharmA apane 500 ziSyoM ke sAtha dIkSita ho gye| (gAthA 1770 se 1801 taka) vi. maMDika - baMdha aura mokSa ke svarUpa saMbaMdhI apanI zaMkA kA samAdhAna hone para maMDika apane 350 ziSyoM ke sAtha dIkSita ho gye| (gAthA 1802 se 1863 taka) vii. mauryaputra - devoM ke astitva saMbaMdhI apanI zaMkA kA samAdhAna prApta hone para mauryaputra apane 350 ziSyoM ke sAtha dIkSita ho gye| (gAthA 1864 se 1884 taka) viii. akaMpita - nArakoM ke astitva saMbaMdhI apanI zaMkA kA samAdhAna hone para akaMpita apane 350 ziSyoM ke sAtha dIkSita ho gye| (gAthA 1885 se 1904 taka) ix. acalabhrAtA - puNya aura pApa ke svarUpa saMbaMdhI apanI zaMkA kA samAdhAna hone para acalabhrAtA apane 300 ziSyoM ke sAtha dIkSita ho gye| (gAthA 1905 se 1948 taka) x. metArya - paraloka ke astitva saMbaMdhI apanI zaMkA kA samAdhAna hone para metArya apane 300 ziSyoM ke sAtha dIkSita ho gye| (gAthA 1949 se 1971 taka) xi. prabhAsa - nirvANa kI siddhi saMbaMdhI apanI zaMkA kA samAdhAna prApta hone para prabhAsa apane 300 ziSyoM ke sAtha dIkSita ho gye| (gAthA 1972 se 2024 taka) gaNadharoM kI uparyukta zaMkAoM kA sAmAdhAna karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ne jo hetu-dRSTAMta die ve paThanIya haiN| ina hetu aura dRSTAMtoM se anya darzanoM kI mAnyatAoM kA bhI nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai| 4-5. kSetra aura kAla - sAmAyika kI utpatti kisa kSetra aura kAla meM huI hai, isakA ullekha hai| bhagavAna ne sarvaprathama mahAsena vana meM vaizAkha sudI 11 ko pUrvAhna meM sAmAyika kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| (gAthA 2083)

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prathama adhyAya vizeSAvazyaka bhASya evaM bRhadvRtti : eka paricaya 6. puruSa sAmAyika ke puruSa (kartA) kA kathana karate hue dravyapuruSa, abhilApapuruSa, 7. kAraNa cihnapuruSa ityAdi prakAra ke puruSoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 2090 se 2097 taka) sAmAyika kI prarUpaNA ke kyA kAraNa haiM, isakA ullekha hai| kAraNa kA nikSepa cAra prakAra kA hai| inake bheda prabhedoM kA kathana dArzanika dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara sAmAyika kA upadeza kyoM karate haiM yaha batAyA gayA hai, gaNadhara Adi upadeza kA zravaNa kyoM karate haiM isakA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 2098 se 2128 taka) 8. pratyaya sAmAyika kA kathana va zravaNa karane vAloM ko pratIti kaisI hotI hai, isakA varNana hai| pratyaya arthAt bodhanizcaya, isakA bhI cAra prakAra kA nikSepa hotA hai| kevalajJAnI sAkSAt sAmAyika kA artha jAnakara hI kathana karate haiM, taba hI zrotA Adi ko usakA bodha hotA hai| (gAthA 2131 se 2134 taka) 9. lakSaNa sAmAyika kA lakSaNa nAmAdi ke bheda se bAraha prakAra kA hotA hai| sAmAyika samyaktva, zruta, dezavirati aura sarvavirati sAmAyika ke bheda se cAra prakAra kI hotI hai, kaunasI sAmAyika kisa bhAva vAlI hotI hai isakA kathana kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 2136 se 2178 taka) - - - - - 10. naya vividha nayA~ se sAmAyika kA svarUpa kyA hai, isakA varNana hai| aneka dharmAtmaka vastu kA kisI eka dharma ke AdhAra para kathana karanA naya kahalAtA hai| naya sAta prakAra kA hai - naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta / naya ke ina bhedoM kA kathana karate hue lakSaNa, vyutpatti, udAharaNa Adi dekara anya darzana kI mAnyatAoM kA yuktiyukta khaNDana kiyA hai| (gAthA 2180 se 2287 taka) 11. samavatAra kAlika zrutoM (prathama aura caturtha pauruSI meM par3he jAne vAle) meM nayoM kI avatAraNA nahIM hotii| caraNa, karaNa ityAdi cAra prakAra ke anuyoga kA apRthak bhAva se prarUpaNa hote samaya nayoM kA vistArapUrvaka samavatAra hotA thA / dravyAnuyoga ityAdi cAra anuyogoM kI pRthak carcA evaM AryarakSita dvArA anuyogoM kA vibhAjana, ityAdi kA vistRta varNana karate hue nihnavavAda kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 2288 se 2609 taka) nihnavavAda - niryuktikAra nirdiSTa sAta nihnavoM meM zivabhUti boTika nAmaka eka aura nihnava milAkara bhASyakAra ne ATha nihnavoM kI mAnyatAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| apane abhiniveza ke kAraNa Agamika paraMparA se viruddha pratipAdana karane vAlA nihava kahalAtA hai| sAmAnya mithyAtvI aura nihnava meM yaha bheda hai ki sAmAnya mithyAtvI jinapravacana ko hI nahIM mAnatA athavA mithyA mAnatA hai| jabaki nihnava samasta jina pravacana ko pramANabhUta mAnatA huA bhI mithyAtva ke udaya se jinapravacana ke kisI eka aMza kA paraMparA ke viruddha artha karatA huA jana sAmAnya meM pracAra karatA hai aura jaina paramparA ke bhItara hI eka nayA sampradAya khar3A kara detA hai| ATha nihnava kI mAnyatAeM nihnavavAda ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| [37] - i. jamAli - inhoMne bahurata mata kA pracAra kiyA / isa mata ke anusAra koI bhI kriyA eka samaya meM na hokara aneka samayoM meM hotI hai| inakA janma zrAvastI nagarI meM huA thA / ye bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ko kevalajJAna hone ke 14 varSa bAda hue| (gAthA 2306 se 2332 taka)

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[38] vizeSAvazyaka bhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ii. tiSyagupta inhoMne jIva prAdezika mata kA pracAra kiyaa| isa mata ke anusAra jIva kA vaha carama pradeza jisake binA vaha jIva nahIM kahalAtA hai aura jisake hone para hI vaha jIva kahalAtA hai| usa pradeza ke abhAva meM anya pradeza ajIva rUpa haiM, kyoMki usa pradeza se hI ve pradeza jIvatva ko prApta karate haiN| inakA janma RSabhapura meM huA thaa| tiSyagupta bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ko kevalajJAna hone ke 16 varSa bAda hue| (gAthA 2333 se 2355 taka) iii. ASAr3habhUti - inhoMne avyakta mata kA pracAra kiyaa| isa mata ke anusAra kisI kI sAdhutA - asAdhutA Adi kA nizcaya nahIM ho sakatA hai| ataH kisI ko vaMdanA - namaskAra Adi nahIM karanA caahie| yaha bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa ke 214 varSa bAda hue| inakA janma zvetAmbikA nagarI meM huA thaa| (gAthA 2356 se 2388 taka) - janma iv. azvamitra inhoMne sAmucchedika mata kA pracAra kiyaa| samuccheda kA artha hai hote hI sarvathA nAza ho jaanaa| sAmucchedika mata isI siddhAMta ko mAnatA hai| yaha bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa ke 220 varSa bAda hue| inakI janmasthalI mithilA nagarI thii| (gAthA 2379 se 2423 taka) v. gaMga inhoMne dvaikriyavAda kA pracAra kiyaa| isa mata ke anusAra kisI eka samaya meM do kriyAoM ke anubhava kI zakyatA kA samarthana karanA dvaikriyavAda hai| inakA janma ulUkAtIra nagarI meM huA thA / yaha bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa ke 228 varSa bAda hue| ( gAthA 2424 se 2450 taka) vi. rohagupta - inhoMne trairAzika mata kA pracAra kiyA / isa mata ke anusAra saMsAra meM jIva, ajIva aura nojIva-ajIva isa taraha tIna prakAra kI rAziyA~ hotI haiN| yaha bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa ke 544 varSa bAda hue| inakI janma sthalI ataraMjikA nagarI thii| - -- (gAthA 2451 se 2508 taka) vii. goSThAmAhila - inhoMne abaddhika mata kA pracAra kiyaa| isa mata ke anusAra jIva aura karma kA baMdha nahIM, apitu sparzamAtra hotA hai| inakA janma dazapura meM huA thaa| yaha bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa ke 584 varSa bAda hue| (gAthA 2509 se 2549 taka) viii zivabhUti inhoMne digambara mata kA pracAra kiyaa| isa mata ke anusAra vastra kaSAya kA hetu hone se parigraha rUpa hai / ataH vastra tyAjya hai / yaha bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa ke 609 varSa bAda hue| inakI janma sthalI rathavIrapura thI / (gAthA 2550 se 2609 taka) nihnava kisa prakAra hue aura puna: guru / zrAvaka / anya vyaktiyoM ke dvArA udAharaNa Adi se samajhAne para kucha nihnava ne to prAyazcitta Adi lekara zuddhi karalI (lekina usa mata kA pracalana jana sAmAnya meM ho gayA) aura kucha aMtima samaya taka apane abhiniveza se grasita rahe ityAdi varNana rocaka evaM jAnakArI pUrNa hai gyArahaveM dvAra samavatAra kI vyAkhyA karate hue goSThAmAhila kA prasaMga AyA aura usI prasaMga se nihnavAda kI carcA prAraMbha karate hue, isa carcA kI samApti ke sAtha samavatAra dvAra kI vyAkhyA bhI samApta hotI hai / I 12. anumata vyavahAra, nizcaya naya se kaunasI sAmAyika mokSamArga kA kAraNa hai, isakA vicAra karanA anumata kahalAtA hai / yahA~ anumata kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 2621 se 2632 taka) - - -

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[39] prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti : eka paricaya 13. kiM nAra - sAmAyika kyA hai? sAmAyika jIva hai yA ajIva hai? ityAdi rUpa se aura dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika dRSTi se sAmAyika kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 2633 se 2658 taka) 14. kativiSa dvAra - sAmAyika tIna prakAra kI hai - samyaktva, zruta aura caaritr| inake bheda-prabhedoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 2673 se 2677 taka) 15. kasya dvAra - jisakI AtmA saMyama, niyama tapa meM rahatI hai, usI ke sAmAyika hotI hai, isI prakAra kA vividha varNana kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 2679 se 2691 taka) 16. kutra dvAra - sAmAyika kI prApti kahAM hotI hai arthAt kSetra, dik, kAla, gati, bhavya, saMjJI ityAdi upadvAroM ke mAdhyama se kutra dvAra kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| __ (gAthA 2692 se 2750 taka) 17. keSu dvAra - sAmAyika kina dravya aura paryAyoM meM hotI hai, isakA varNana kiyA gayA (gAthA 2751 se 2760 taka) 18. kathaM dvAra - sAmAyika kaise prApta hotI hai isakA varNana bhASyakAra ne nahIM kiyA hai, lekina TIkAkAra maladhArI hemacandra ne isa ora saMketa kiyA hai| (gAthA 2797) 19. kiyacira dvAra - isameM samyaktva, zruta, dezavirati aura sarvavirati sAmAyika kI jaghanya aura utkRSTa sthiti kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 2761 se 2763 taka) 20. kati dvAra - samyaktva Adi sAmAyika meM vivakSita samaya meM kitane pratipattA, pratipanna aura pratipAtita hote haiM, isakA varNana kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 2764 se 2774 taka) 21. sAntara dvAra - jIva ko kisI eka samaya samyaktvAdi sAmAyika prApta hone para punaH usakA parityAga ho jAne para jitane samaya ke bAda use punaH usakI prApti hotI hai, use antara kAla kahate haiM, isakA varNana kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 2775) 22. avirahita dvAra - samyaktva Adi sAmAyika kI jaghanya, utkRSTa avirahita (viraha kAla ke binA) kAla kI vivakSA kI gaI hai| (gAthA 2777 se 2778 taka) 23. bhava dvAra - jIva samyaktva Adi sAmAyika ko jaghanya aura utkRSTa kitane bhavoM meM prApta karatA hai, isakA varNana hai| (gAthA 2779) 24. AkarSa dvAra - AkarSa kA artha hai AkarSaNa arthAt prathama bAra athavA choDe hue kA punargrahaNa, samyaktva Adi sAmAyika kA eka bhava, aneka bhava kI apekSA jaghanya aura utkRSTa AkarSa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| (gAthA 2780 se 2781 taka) 25. sparza dvAra - samyaktva Adi sAmAyika se yukta jIva jaghanya aura utkRSTa rUpa se loka ke kitane kSetra kA sparza karate haiM, isakA varNana hai| (gAthA 2782) 26 nirukti dvAra - samyaktva Adi sAmAyika kI samyagdRSTi, amoha, zuddhi Adi prakAra se niyukti kI gaI hai| nirukta zabda kA artha paryAya hai| zruta sAmAyika ke akSara Adi se caudaha prakAra ke nirukta (paryAya) haiN| isI prakAra dezavirati kI viratAvirata, saMvRtAsaMvRta Adi aura sarvavirati kI sAmAyika, sAmayika, samyagvAda, samAsa, saMkSepa, anavadya, parijJA, pratyAkhyAna ye ATha nirukta kiye gaye haiN| yahA~ taka sAmAyika ke upodghAta adhikAra kA varNana pUrA hotA hai| (gAthA 2784 se 2787 taka)

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[40] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 20. namaskAra niyukti - namaskAra (aMtima maMgala) kI carcA karate hue utpatti, nikSepa, pada, padArtha, prarUpaNA, vastu, AkSepa, prasiddhi, krama, prayojana aura phala ina gyAraha dvAroM kA nikSepa sahita vistRta rUpa se varNana karate hue namaskAra kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt arhat, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ko namaskAra karane ke kAraNa kA varNana hai| siddha namaskAra kI vyAkhyA karate hue bhASyakAra ne karma sthiti, samudghAta, zaileSI avasthA, dhyAna Adi kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| siddhoM meM kaunasA upayoga hai - sAkAra yA anaakaar| isakA varNana karate hue yaha kramazaH hote haiM yA yugapad, isakA samAdhAna kiyA hai| bhASyakAra kI mAnyatA hai ki kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kramazaH hI hote haiM, yugapad nhiiN| isI prakAra AcArya, upAdhyAya ko kisa prakAra se namaskAra karanA cAhie isakA varNana hai| namaskAra ke prayojana, phalAdi dvAroM kA vyAkhyAna karate hue bhASyakAra ne pariNAma-vizuddhi kA samarthana kiyA hai| (gAthA 2805 se 3294 taka) 21. pada vyAkhyA - 'karemi bhaMte' ityAdi sAmAyika sUtra ke mUlapadoM kA vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai| 'karemi bhaMte' ke lie karaNa zabda kA vistRta kathana karate hue nAma ityAdi isake chaha bhedoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| bhaMte (bhadanta) pada kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| isake bAda sAmAyika, sarva, sAvadha, yoga, pratyAkhyAna, yAvajjIva, vividha, karaNa, pratikramaNa, nindA, garhA aura vyutsarjana ityAdi padoM kI vistAra se vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| chahoM nayoM kA varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai| anta meM bhASya sunane kA phala batAyA hai| (gAthA 3229 se 3603 taka) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ke isa paricaya se spaSTa hotA hai ki AcArya jinabhadra ne isa graMtha se jaina vicAradhArA kA kitanI vilakSaNatA se saMgraha kiyA hai| AcArya kI tarkazakti, abhivyaktikuzalatA, pratipAdanapravaNatA evaM vyAkhyAnavidagdhatA kA paricaya prApta karane ke lie yaha eka graMtha hI paryApta hai| vAstava meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya jainajJAnamahodadhi hai| jaina AcAra aura vicAra ke mUlabhUta samasta tattva isa graMtha meM saMgRhIta haiN| darzana ke gahanatama viSaya se lekara cAritra kI sUkSmatama prakriyA ke saMbaMdha meM isameM paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai|106 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kA mahattva vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM jainAgamasAhitya meM varNita jitane bhI mahattvapUrNa viSaya haiM, prAyaH una sabhI para cintana upalabdha hai| jJAnavAda, pramANavAda, AcAra, nIti, syAdvAda, nayavAda, karmavAda para vizada sAmagrI kA isameM saMkalana hai| isakI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki jaina dArzanika siddhAMtoM kI tulanA anya dArzanika siddhAntoM ke sAtha kI gaI hai| anya dArzanika matoM kA khaNDana karate hue isa graMtha meM svamata kA samarthana bhI prAcIna Agamika paramparA ke Aloka meM kiyA gayA hai| ukta tArkikadArzanika carcA meM jaina AgamasAhitya kI mAnyatAoM kA tArkika dRSTi se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne ise duSamAkAla meM aMdhakAra meM nimagna jinapravacana ko prakAzita karane ke lie dIpaka ke samAna mAnA hai| isa graMtha kI mukhya rUpa se yaha vizeSatA hai ki tArkika hote hue bhI zrImad jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa ne Agamika paramparA ko surakSita rakhA hai| isalie isa graMtha ko AgamavAdI yA siddhAMtavAdI graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| ata: isa graMtha ko jaina jJAna mahodadhi kahA jAya to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| kyoMki isameM darzana ke gahanatama viSaya se lekara cAritra kI sUkSmatama prakriyA taka ke saMbaMdha meM paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| Agama ke gahana rahasyoM ko samajhane ke lie yaha bhASya bahuta 106. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 3, pR. 138-201

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti : eka paricaya hI upayogI hai aura isI bhASya kA anusaraNa paravartI racanAkAroM ne kiyA hai| saMkSipta meM kaheM to isa bhASya meM jaina AcAra-vicAra ke mUlabhUta samasta tattvoM kA suvyavasthita saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| bhASyakAra ne mUlaniyukti ke bhAvoM ko spaSTa karate hue prasaMgAnusAra aneka mahatvapUrNa viSayoM kA vistRta vivecana bhI prastuta kiyA hai| yaha graMtha jaina AgamoM ko samajhane kI kuMjI hai| isa graMtha meM sabhI mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| bauddha-tripiTaka kA sAragrAhI grantha 'vizuddhimArga' hai, usI prakAra vizeSAvazyakabhASya jaina-Agama kA sAragrAhI hai| sAtha hI usakI yaha vizeSatA hai ki usameM jaina-tattva kA nirUpaNa kevala jaina-dRSTi se hI nahIM kiyA gayA, apitu anya darzanoM kI tulanA meM jaina-tattvoM ko rakhakara samanvayagAmI mArga dvArA pratyeka viSaya kI carcA kI gayI hai| viSaya-vivecana ke prasaMga meM jainAcAryoM ke aneka matabhedoM kA khaNDana karate hue bhI jinabhadragaNi una para A~ca nahI Ane dete| kAraNa yaha hai ki aise prasaMga para ve AgamoM ke aneka vAkyoM kA AdhAra dekara apanA maMtavya upasthita karate haiN| kisI bhI vyakti kI koI bhI vyAkhyA yadi Agama ke kisI vAkya se viruddha ho, to vaha unheM asahya pratIta hotI hai aura ve prayatna karate haiM ki, usake tarka-purassara samAdhAna DhU~Dhane kA bhI prayAsa kiyA jaae| jaiseki kevalI ko jJAna-darzana yugapad hote haiM, yA kramikarUpa se, isa viSaya meM zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM matabheda hai| digambara paramparA kevala jJAna-kevala darzana ko yugapad svIkAra karatI hai| siddhasenagaNi ne bhI sanmatitarka prakaraNa meM isakA samarthana kiyA hai| bhASyakAra ne Agamika mata ko puSTa karate hue kramavAda kA samarthana kiyA hai| Agamika paramparA ko puSTa karane kI dRSTi se hI unhoMne mallavAdI AcArya ke mata kA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai| isI prakAra Agama-paramparA indriya-pratyakSa ko parokSa kI koTi meM mAnatI hai, kintu nyAyavaizeSika Adi anya bhAratIyadarzana ise pratyakSa mAnate haiN| bhASyakAra ne indriya pratyakSa ko saMvyavahAra pratyakSa nAma dekara eka madhyama mArga kA anusaraNa kiyA, jisase donoM paramparAoM kA samanvaya huaa| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM anya viSayoM ke sAtha jJAnavAda kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| pAMca jJAna ke sambandha meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM jo kucha kahA gayA hai, vahI anyatra upalabdha hotA hai aura jo kucha nahIM kahA gayA, vaha anyatra bhI prApta nahIM hotA hai| jinabhadragaNi ke bAda vAle sabhI AcAryoM ne sva-sva graMthoM meM jJAnavAda ke varNana meM aura jJAnavAda kI vyAkhyA karane meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya ko hI AdhAra banAyA hai| isameM jJAnavAda kA pratipAdana itane vistRta aura vipula rUpa meM huA hai ki ise par3hakara jJAnavAda ke sambandha meM anya kisI grantha ko par3hane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rahatI hai| ata: AcArya jinabhadra ne vizeSAvazyaka bhASya likhakara jainAgamoM ke maMtavyoM ko tarka kI kasauTI para kasA hai aura isa taraha isa kAla ke tArkikoM kI jijJAsA ko zAMta kiyA hai| jisa prakAra veda-vAkyoM ke tAtparya ke anusaMdhAna ke lie mImAMsA-darzana kI racanA huI, usI prakAra jainAgamoM ke tAtparya ko prakaTa karane ke lie jaina-mImAMsA ke rUpa meM AcArya jinabhadra ne vizeSAvazyaka kI racanA kI hai| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa kI prabala tArkika zakti, abhivyaktikuzalatA, pratipAdana kI paTutA tathA vivecana kI viziSTatA ko nihAra kara kauna medhAvI mugdha nahIM hogA? bhASya sAhitya meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA anUThA sthAna hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kA maladhArI kI TIkA sahita gujarAtI anuvAda (zAha cunnIlAla hukumacanda kRta) Agamodaya samiti, bambaI dvArA do bhAgoM meM 1924-1927 I. meM tathA punaH isI kA prakAzana I. 1996 meM bhadraMkara prakAzana, 49/1, mahAlakSmI sosAiTI, zAhI bAga amadAbAda se kiyA gayA hai|

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[2] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana vizeSAvazyakagAthAnAm akArAdikramaH tathA vizeSAvazyakaviSayayANAm anukramaH kA prakAzana I. 1932 meM Agamodaya samiti, bambaI dvArA huA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA vyAravyA sAhitya vizeSAvazyaka bhASya svopajJavRtti TIkAkAroM meM sarva prathama TIkAkAra jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa haiN| AcArya jinabhadragaNi ne svaracita vizeSAvazyakabhASya para svayaM ne svopajJavRtti likhii| AcArya ne apanI TIkA meM maMgala-gAthA na likhate hue bhASya kI gAthA se hI vyAkhyA karanA zuru kara diyaa| ApakI vyAkhyA zailI bahuta hI sarala, spaSTa evaM prasAdaguNa sampanna hai| lekina AcArya yaha vRtti pUrNa nahIM kara sake aura SaSTha gaNadhara arthAt gAthA 1863 taka kI TIkA likhakara hI divagaMta ho gye| Age kA bhAga koTyAcArya ne pUrNa kiyaa| AcArya jinabhadra ke dehAvasAna kA nirdeza karate hue paSTha gaNadharavaktavyatA ke anta meM kahA hai - nirmApya SaSThagaNadharavaktavyaM kila divaMgatAH pUjyA: anuyogmaargdeshikaa-jinbhdrgnnikssmaashrmnnaaH| arthAt chaThe gaNadharavAda kI vyAkhyA karane ke bAda anuyogamArga kA digdarzana karAne vAle pUjya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa isa loka se cala bse| yaha vAkya AcArya koTyAcArya ne jinabhadragaNi kI mRtyu ke bAda likhA hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai| isake bAda koTyAcArya unhIM divaMgata AcArya jinabhadragaNi ko namaskAra karate hue Age kI kI vRtti prAraMbha karate haiM - 'atha saptamasya bhagavato gaNadharasya vaktavyatAnirUpaNasambandhanAya gaathaaprpnycH|' koTyAcArya kI nirUpaNa zailI bhI AcArya jinabhadragaNi kI taraha hI prasanna aura subodha hai| viSaya-vistAra kucha adhika hai, para kahIM khiiN| prastuta vivaraNa kI sAmApti karate hue vRttikAra kahate haiM - ".....ceti paramapUjyajinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNakRta -vizeSAvazyakaprathamAdhyayana-sAmAyikabhASyasya vivaraNamidaM smaaptm|"107 isake bAda sUtrakAra ne svayaM kI ora se nimna bhAva jor3e -"sUtrakAraparamapUjyazrIjinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNaprArabdhA samarthitA zrIkoTyAcAryavAdi-gaNimahattareNa zrIvizeSAvazyaka lghuvRttiH| saMvat 1491 varSe dvitIyajyeSThavadi 4 bhUme zrIstambhatIrthe likhitamasti" uparyukta vAkya se spaSTa hai ki lekhaka ne vRttikAra zrI jinabhadra kA nAma jyoM kA tyoM rakhA, kintu apanA nAma badalakara koTyArya se koTyAcArya rakhate hue apane nAma ke sAtha mahattara kI upAdhi lagA dii| isa prakAra unakA nAma ho gayA - kottyaacaaryvaadignnimhttr| isI ke sAtha vizeSAvazyakabhASya vivaraNa kA nAma bhI apanI ora se vizeSAvazyakalaghuvRtti rakha diyA hai|108 vizeSAvazyakabhASya svopajJavRtti (koTyAcArya kRta vizeSAvazyakabhASyavivaraNa sahita) kA prakAzana I. 1936-37 meM RSabhadeva jI kesarImala jI pracAraka (zvetAmbara) saMsthA dvArA tathA svopajJavRtti kA prakAzana bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira, ahamadAbAda dvArA I. 1966-1968 meM tIna bhAgoM meM huA hai| jisake do bhAgoM kA sampAdana paMDila dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA tathA tIsare bhAga kA sampAdana paMDita becaradAsa jozI dvArA kiyA gayA hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASyavivaraNa koTyAcArya dvArA Avazyaka sUtra para 13700 zloka pramANa vizeSAvazyakabhASyavivaraNa nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| prastuta vivaraNa meM TIkAkAra ne Avazyaka kI mUlaTIkA kA aneka bAra ullekha kiyA 107. hastalikhita pR. 987 (udadhRta- jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3, pR. 330) 108. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3, pR. 327-330

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti : eka paricaya [43] hai| yaha mUla TIkA unake pUrvavartI AcArya jinabhadra kI hai| yaha vivaraNa na to ati saMkSipta hai, na ati vistRt| isameM kathAnaka prAkRta meM hai| kahIM-kahIM padyAtmaka kathAnaka bhI hai| yatra-tatra pAThAntara bhI diye gaye haiN| vivaraNakAra ne AcArya jinabhadrakRta vizeSAvazyakabhASya svopajJavRtti kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| koTyAcArya kA kAla vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| maladhArI hemacandrasUri ne apanI kRti vizeSAvazyakabhASya-bRhadvRtti meM koTyAcArya ko eka prAcIna TIkAkAra ke rUpa meM rekhAMkita kiyA hai| prabhAvaka caritrakAra ne AcArya zIlAGka ko aura koTyAcArya ko eka mAnA hai, isI prakAra paMDita sukhalAla saMghavI09 ne bhI kahA hai ki zIlAMka kA hI apara nAma koTyAcArya thaa| parantu DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA ke anusAra zIlAGka aura koTyAcArya donoM kA samaya eka nahIM hai| koTyAcArya kA samaya vikrama kI AThavIM zatI hai to zIlAGka kA samaya vikrama kI navIM-dasavIM zatI hai| ata: ve donoM pRthak-pRthak haiM sAtha hI zIlAMgAcArya aura koTyAcArya eka hI vyakti hai, aisA koI aitihAsika pramANa nahI milatA hai| koTyAcArya kA prastuta vizeSAvazyaka bhASya para jo vivaraNa hai va na to atisaMkSipta hai aura na ativistRta hI hai| 10 koTyAcArya kRta vizeSAvazyakabhASyavivaraNa kA prakAzana prAkRta, jainavidyA va ahiMsA zogha saMsthAna, vaizAlI (bihAra) dvArA 1972 meM huA hai| maladhArI hemacandra evaM unake dvArA racita ziSyahitA nAmaka bRhadvRtti kA vaiziSTya AcArya maladhArI hemacandra kI vizeSAvazyakabhASya para ziSyahitA vRtti hai| yaha bRhattama kRti hai| AcArya ne bhASya meM jitane viSaya Aye haiM, una sabhI viSayoM ko bahuta hI sarala aura sugama dRSTi se samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| dArzanika carcAoM kA prAdhAnya hone para bhI zailI meM kliSTatA nahIM Ane dI hai| yaha isa TIkA kI bahuta bar3I vizeSatA hai| zaMkA-samAdhAna aura praznottara kI paddhati kA prAdhAnya hone ke kAraNa pAThaka ko aruci kA sAmanA nahIM karanA pdd'taa| yatra-tatra saMskRta kathAnakoM ke uddharaNa se viSaya-vivecana aura bhI sarala ho gayA hai| isa TIkA ke bAre meM yadi yaha kahA jAya to atizayokti nahIM hogI ki isa TIkA ke kAraNa hI vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke paThana-pAThana meM saralatA ho gii| isa TIkA se bhASyakAra aura TIkAkAra donoM ke yaza meM asAdhAraNa vRddhi huI hai| yaha TIkA 28000 zloka pramANa vistRta hai|11| maladhArI hemacandra kA jIvana paricaya AcArya maladhArI abhayadevasUri kI paramparA meM hone vAle padmadevasUri aura rAjazekhara ne yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai12 ki AcArya abhayadeva ko rAjA karNadeva ne maladhArI kI padavI pradAna kI thii| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki rAjA karNadeva para bhI AcArya abhayadeva kA prabhAva thaa| kintu vividhatIrthakalpa meM likhA hai ki rAjA siddharAja ne yaha sammAna diyaa|13 yadi siddharAja ne aisA kiyA hotA to zrIcandrasUri isakA ullekha avazya karate, ataH adhika sambhAvanA yahI hai ki yaha padavI rAjA karNadeva ne dI ho| karNa ke bAda rAjA siddharAja para bhI unakA prabhAva rhaa| AcArya maladhArI abhayadevasUri ne rAjA siddharAja para apane tapa evaM zIla ke bala se jo prabhAva DAlA thA, usa prabhAva ko unake paTTadhara ziSya AcArya maladhArI hemacandra ne sthira rkhaa| rAjA ko upadeza dekara unhoMne aneka prakAra se 109. Avazyakaniyukti, bhUmikA, pR. 45 110. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3, pR. 349-350 111. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3, pR. 413-414 112. gaNadharavAda prastAvanA, pR. 48 113. vividhatIrthakalpa pR. 77 (draSTavya - gaNadharavAda prastAvanA, pR. 48)

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[44] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jainadharma kI prabhAvanA meM vRddhi kii| siddharAja para maladhArI hemacandra ke prabhAva kA kAraNa unakA tyAga aura tapa to thA hI, parantu saMbhava hai ki unake pUrva-jIvana ke prabhAva kA bhI isameM yatheSTa bhAga ho| maladhArI hemacandrasUri kI paramparA meM hone vAle maladhArI rAjazekhara ne apanI prAkRta dvayAzraya kI vRtti kI prazasti meM likhA hai ki maladhArI hemacandra ke gRhastha jIvana kA nAma pradyumna thaa| Apa rAjamaMtrI the aura Apa apanI cAra striyoM kA tyAga kara zrI abhayadevasUri ke pAsa dIkSita hue|14 isase jJAta hotA hai ki AcArya hemacandra maladhArI rAjamaMtrI the aura sambhava hai ki isake kAraNa aneka rAjAoM para prabhAva par3A ho|| maladhArI hemacandra kA kAla apane guru abhayadevasUri ke devalokagamana ke bAda vi. saM. 1168 meM maladhArI hemacandra ne AcArya pada prApta kiyA thaa| jisa para ve lagabhaga vi. saM. 1180 taka rhe| AcArya vijayasiMha ne dharmopadezamAlA kI bRhadvRtti likhI hai, usakI samApti vi0 saM0 1191 meM huI thii| usakI prazasti meM bhI AcArya vijayasiMha ne apane guru AcArya hemacandra maladhArI tathA unake guru AcArya abhayadeva maladhArI kA paricaya diyA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki vi0 saM0 1191 meM AcArya hemacandra maladhArI kA svargavAsa hue bahuta varSa ho cuke the| 15 ataH isa bAta ko svIkAra karane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai ki apane guru abhayadeva kA vi0 saM. 1168 meM svargavAsa hone ke uparAnta Apa AcArya pada para pratiSThita hue aura lagabhaga vi0 saM. 1180 taka isa pada ko suzobhita kiyaa| maladhArI hemacandra ne apane hAtha se likhI huI jIvasamAsa-vRtti kI prApti ke anta meM apanA jo paricaya diyA hai, usake anusAra ve yama, niyama, svAdhyAya, dhyAna ke anuSThAna meM rata tathA parama naiSThika, advitIya paNDita aura zvetAmbarAcArya bhaTTAraka the| yaha prazasti unhoMne saMvat 1164 meM likhI thii| 16 maladhArI ke ziSya vijayasiMha sUri ne hemacandra ke graMtha 'dharmopadezamAlA' para bRhadvatti likhI thii| usakI prazasti se usakA racanA kAla vi. sa. 1191 nizcita hotA hai| isa samaya taka maladhArI hemacandra ko divagaMta hue paryApta samaya arthAt lagabhaga eka dazaka vyatIta ho cukA thaa| cUMki maladhArI hemacandra ke graMthoM kI prazastiyoM meM jo racanA samaya nirdiSTa huA hai, usameM vi. saM. 1177 ke bAda kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| ata: vidvAnoM ne inakA samaya vi. saM. 1140-1180 nirNIta kiyA hai|117 maladhArI hemacandra ne apane guru kI AjJA se dasa graMtha likhe the| likhane meM unakA mukhya uddezya apane zubhAdhyavasAya ko sthira rakhanA thA, gauNa uddezya yaha thA ki unake graMthoM ko par3hakara dUsare vyakti bhI mokSamArga kI zuddhi kara zivanagarI kI ora prayANa kreN| maladhArI hemacandra ne sarvaprathama upadezamAlA mUla aura bhavabhAvanAmUla kI racanA kii| tadanantara una donoM kI kramaza: 14 hajAra aura 13 hajAra zlokapramANa vRttiyA~ bnaaii| isake bAda anuyogadvAra, jIva samAsa aura zataka (baMdhazataka) para kramaza: 6, 7 aura 4 hajAra zlokapramANa TippaNa likhA, 114. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR. 167 115. zrIhemacandra iti sUrirabhUdamuSya ziSyaH shiromnnirshessmuniishvraannaam| yassAdhunApi caritAni zaraccchazAMkacchAyojjvalAni vilasanti dizAM mukheSu / / 13 // - gaNadharavAda, prastAvanA, pR. 54 116. "granthAgra0 6627 / samvat 1164 caitra sudi 4 soma'dyeha zrImadaNahilapATake samastarAjAvalivirAjitamahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara-zrImajjayasiMhadevakalyANavijayarAje evaM kAle pravartamAne yamaniyamasvAdhyAyAnuSThAnarataparamanaiSThikapaNDita-zvetAmbarAcAryabhaTTAraka-zrIhemacandrAcAryeNa pustikA li0zrI" -zrI zAMtinAthajI jJAna bhaNDAra kI prati-zrIprazasti saMgraha ahamadAbAda-pR. 49 (udadhRta-jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3, pRSTha 410) 117. vizeSAvazyakabhASya (AcArya subhadramuni) prastAvanA pR. 59

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti : eka paricaya [] vizeSAvazyakabhASya para 28 hajAra zloka-pramANa vistRta vRttiA tathA mUla AvazyakavRtti (haribhadrakRta) para pAMca hajAra zlokapramANa TippaNa likhA thaa| unake graMthoM meM jaina siddhAMta-prasiddha cAroM anuyogoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| unake grantha jaina dharma ke AcAra aura jaina darzana ke vicAra ina donoM kSetroM ko AcchAdita kara lete haiN| unhoMne kevala vidvadbhogya grantha hI nahIM likhe, pratyuta aise grantha bhI likhe jinheM sAmAnya vyakti bhI apanI bhASA meM samajha sake arthAt unakI grantha-racanA saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM bhASAoM meM hai| anuyogadvAra vRtti aura vizeSAvazyaka-bhASya-vRtti jaise gambhIra graMthoM kA bhI unhoMne nirmANa kiyA tathA sAtha hI upadezamAlA aura bhava-bhAvanA jaise loka-bhogya graMthoM kA bhI svopajJa TIkA sahita nirmANa kiyaa| maladhArI hemacandra ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI bRhadvRtti ke anta meM svayaM kI graMtha racanA kA krama va graMthoM kI saMkhyA kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai - 1. Avazyaka TippaNa 2. zataka vivaraNa 3. anuyogadvAra vRtti 4. upadezamAlA sUtra 5. upadezamAlAvRtti 6. jIvasamAsa vivaraNa 7. bhavabhAvanAsUtra 8. bhavabhAvanAvivaraNa 9. nandiTippaNa 10. vishessaavshykbhaassy-bRhdvRtti| ina graMthoM kA kula parimANa 80000 zloka pramANa hai| ye saba graMtha viSaya kI dRSTi se prAyaH svataMtra haiN| ataH unameM punarAvRtti ke lie vizeSa guMjAiza nahIM rhii| yaha bAta mAnanI par3egI ki unakI lekhana pravRtti nirantara jArI rahI hogii| 1164 meM unakA chaThA graMtha likhA gayA tathA 1177 meM antima, ataH hama yaha anumAna kara sakate haiM ki unakA racanA jIvana kama se kama 25 varSa kA avazya rahA hogaa| vizeSAvazyakabhASya-bRhadvRtti ko ziSyahitAvRtti bhI kahate haiN| isa vRtti meM pratyeka viSaya ko ati sarala evaM subodha zailI meM samajhAya gayA hai| isameM bharapUra dArzanika carcA kI pradhAnatA hote hue bhI zailI meM kliSTatA nahIM Ane dI gii| yaha TIkAkAra kI eka bahuta bar3I vizeSatA hai| praznottarapradhAna hone ke kAraNa isakI zailI meM goMda sA loca paidA ho gayA hai| ise par3hate-par3hate pAThaka kA mana kucha samaya ke lie kRti ke sAtha gaharA cipaka jAtA hai| sthAna-sthAna para saMskRta kathAoM ke prastutIkaraNa ne ise aura bhI ruciprada banA diyA hai| yaha eka hI kRti maladhArI ke vyaktitva kI paryApta paricAyikA hai| saMskRta TIkA sAhitya kI zrI vRddhi bhI isase vistRta huI hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya kyA hai evaM usakI prastuta vRtti kI kyA AvazyakatA hai, isakA samAdhAna karate hue TIkAkAra ne batAyA hai ki sAmAyika Adi SaDadhyayana rUpa Avazyaka kI arthataH tIrthaMkaroM evaM sUtrataH gaNadharoM ne racanA kii| isakI upayogitA ko dekhate hue AcArya bhadrabAhu ne isa sUtra kI vyAkhyAtmaka niyukti likhii| isa niyukti meM bhI sAmAyika adhyayana kI niyukti ko mahattvapUrNa samajhate hue zrI jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ne usa para bhASya likhA aura bhASya para svayaM ne svopajJavRtti likhii| lekina yaha vRtti ati gaMbhIra vyAkhyAtmaka evaM kucha saMkSipta hone ke kAraNa maMdamati ziSyoM ke lie kaThina hai| isa kaThinAI ko dUra karane ke lie prastuta vRtti prArambha kI jA rahI hai| vRtti ke anta 118. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3, pRSTha 410 meM dI gaI sUcI meM nandiTippaNa kA ullekha nahIM hai| 119. 'tayo mayA tasya paramapuruSasyopadezaM smRtvA viracayya jhaTiti nivezitamAvazyakaTippanikAbhidhAnaM sadbhAvanAmaMjUSAyAM nUtanaphalakam, tato'paramapi zatakavivaraNanAmakam, anyadapyanuyogadvAravRttisaMjJitam, tato'paramapyupadezamAlAsUtrAbhidhAnam, aparaM tu tadvRttinAmakam, anyacca jIvasamAsavivaraNanAmadheyam, anyattu bhavabhAvanAsUtrasaMjJitam, aparaM tu tadvivaraNanAmakam, anyacca jhaTiti viracayya tasyAH sadbhAvanAmaMjUSAyA aMgabhUtaM nivezitaM nandiTippanakanAmadheyaM nUtanadRDhaphalam / etaizca nUtanaphalakairnivezitairvajramayIva saMjAtA'sau maMjuSA teSAM paapaanaamgmyaa| tatastairatIvacchalaghAtitayA saMcUrNayitumArabdhaM tddvaarkpaattsNputtm| tato mayA sasaMbhrameNa nipuNaM tatpratividhAnopAyaM cintayitvA viracayitumArabdhaM taddvArapidhAnahetorvizeSAvazyakavivaraNAbhidhAnaM vajramayamiva nuutnkpaattsNputtm|' - vizeSAvazyakabhASya bRhadvRtti, bhAga 2, pR. 377

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[46] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana meM apanA evaM apane guru kA nAma dekara rAjA jayasiMha ke rAjya meM saMvat 1175 kI kArttika zuklA paMcamI ke dina isa vRtti kI samApti huI | 120 bRhadvRtti kI racanA meM nimitta maladhArI hemacandra isa TIkA kI racanA ke kAraNa kA ullekha karate hue kahate haiM ki du:SamA kAlacakra ke prabhAva se ziSyoM kI buddhi Adi kA hrAsa hotA jA rahA hai, isalie vartamAna meM kucha maMdamati ziSyoM ke lie vizeSAvazyakabhASya Adi grantha gUDhArtha va saMkSipta pratIta ho rahe haiM arthAt sAmAnya jana ko samajhane meM kaThinAI A rahI hai| isalie maMdatama mati bAle ziSyoM ko viSaya vastu kA bodha karAne ke lie unhoMne vizeSAvazyakabhASya para bRhadvatti kI racanA kii| 121 vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA maladhArI hemacandra kI bRhadvRtti sahita vIra saM. 2427-2441 meM zAha harakhacaMda bhUrA bhAI, banArasa dvArA, divyadarzana TrasTa, bambaI dvArA I. 1982 meM do bhAgoM meM prakAzana huA hai| samIkSaNa bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadarzana kA anUThA sthAna hai| sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ne apanI mAnyatAoM ko puSTa karate hue anya darzanoM kI mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai| jainadarzana hI eka aisA darzana hai, jisameM syAdvAda ke AdhAra se sabhI darzanoM kI mAnyatAoM ko eka apekSA se sahI mAnate hue unake samanvaya kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM jIva - ajIva se sambandhita sabhI mAnyatAoM kA sUkSmadRSTi se vivecana kiyA gayA hai, jo ki anya darzanoM meM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM jIva kI aMtima avasthA nirvANa, mokSa athavA mukti ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai evaM usakI prApti hetu vibhinna upAyoM kA ullekha bhI kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana bhI mokSa ko svIkAra karatA hai aura usako prApta karane ke lie tIna mukhya sAdhana pratipAdita karatA hai samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra / mokSa - prApti ke kAraNoM meM darzana (samyag zraddhA) ke bAda jJAna kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| jJAna ke binA cAritra (kriyA) aMdhA hotA hai| binA cAritra ke jJAna laMgar3A hotA hai, jo mokSa taka nahIM le jA sakatA hai| mokSa ke ina tIna hetuoM kA eka sAtha vistAra se varNana vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM prApta hotA hai / vizeSAvazyakabhASya AcArya jinabhadragaNi (sAtavIM zatI) kI kRti hai / jinabhadragaNi ne Avazyaka sUtra para AcArya bhadrabAhu racita Avazyaka niryukti ke viSaya ko AdhAra banAte hue niryukti meM jo viSaya chUTa gayA usako spaSTa karate hue vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI racanA kI hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA mAtR sthAna AvazyakasUtra hai / jaina AcAra meM Avazyaka sUtra kA agraNI sthAna hai| isake binA jainAcAra zUnya hai, kyoMki sAdhaka ke dina kI zuruAta isI se hotI hai| 'Avazyaka' kA artha hai- avazya karaNIya / saMyama sAdhanA ke aMgabhUta jo anuSThAna AvazyakarUpa se karaNIya hote haiM, ve 'Avazyaka' kahalAte haiM / jo kriyAnuSThAna sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha ko, sUrya udaya se pahale aura sUrya asta ke pazcAt lagabhaga eka muhUrta kAla meM pratidina aura pratirAtri ubhayakAla karanA 120. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3, pRSTha 445-446 121. tasya ca yadyapi zrIjinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNapUjyaiH zrIkoTyAcAryaizca vRttirvihitA vartate, tathA'pyagatigambhIravAkyAtmakatvAt, kiJcitsaMkSeparUpatvAcca duHSamAnubhAvataH prajJAdibhirapacIyamAnAnAM kimapivistarAbhidhAnarucInAM ziSyANAM nA'sau tathAvidhopakAraM sAMpratamAdhAtuM kSamA, iti vicintya mutkalataravAkyaprabandharUpA kimapivistaravatI ca mandamatinA'pi mayA mandatamamati-ziSyAvabodhArthaM, zrutAbhyAsasaMpAdanArthaM ca vRttiriyamArabhyate / vizeSAvazyakabhASya bRhadvRtti, bhAga 1, pR. 2

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti : eka paricaya Avazyaka hai, use 'Avazyaka' kahate haiM aura usake pratipAdaka kriyAnuSThAna ke sAtha bole jAne vAle pATha-samUha rUpa sUtra ko 'Avazyaka sUtra' kahate haiM arthAt zramaNacaryA meM jo mUlataH sahAyaka hotA hai, jinakA jJAna honA pratyeka zramaNa ko mUlataH apekSita hai, vaha Avazyaka hai| jinakA isameM varNana hai, vaha Avazyaka sUtra hai| prastuta adhyAya meM Avazyaka sUtra evaM usake vyAkhyA sAhitya kA varNana karate hue mukhya rUpa se Avazyaka karttA kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| AvazyakasUtra jainAcAra kA prANa hote hue bhI isake kartA ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| katipaya vidvAnoM kA mAnanA hai ki sampUrNa Agama ko tIrthaMkara bhagavAn artha rUpa meM pharamAte haiM aura usI artha kA Azraya lekara gaNadhara (tIrthaMkaroM ke pradhAna ziSya) usako sUtra rUpa meM gUMthate haiN| isa apekSA se gaNadhara hI AvazyakasUtra ke kartA haiN| jabaki katipaya vidvAnoM kA mAnanA hai ki Agama do prakAra ke hote haiM - aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya aagm| aMgapraviSTa sUtroM kI racanA gaNadhara karate haiM, tathA aMgabAhya kI racanA AcArya ziSyoM ke upakAra ke lie karate haiN| naMdIsUtra meM varNita AgamavibhAjana meM Avazyaka sUtra ko aMgabAhya AgamoM ke sAtha rakhA gayA hai| isalie vaha sthavira AcAryoM dvArA racita hai| isa prakAra Avazyaka ke kartA ke sambandha meM do mata pracalita haiN| tIrthaMkara bhagavAn kevalajJAna hone ke bAda caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA karate haiN| jisa dina saMgha sthApanA hotI hai, usa dina bhI sAdhu-sAdhvioM ke lie Avazyaka avazyakaraNIya hotA hai evaM usa dina dIkSita sabhI sAdhu-sAdhvI viziSTa mati vAle hoM yaha Avazyaka nahIM, ataH unake lie Avazyaka kI AvazyakatA hotI hI hai| ataH Avazyaka kI bhI racanA usI dina honA saMbhava hai| kintu vartamAna meM jo Avazyaka prApta hotA hai, vaha pUrNataH gaNadhara kRta nahIM hai| usameM kAla krama se pUrvAcAryoM ne parivartana kiyA hai| ata: vartamAna meM prApta Avazyaka kA kucha bhAga gaNadharakRta aura kucha bhAga sthavirakRta ho sakatA hai| yahI mAnanA adhika tarka saMgata pratIta hotA hai| Avazyaka ke mukhya rUpa se chaha adhyayana hote haiM, jinheM SaDAvazyaka ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| - 1. sAmAyika - samabhAva kI prApti; mithyAtva, avrata, pramAda, kaSAya aura sAvadha-azubhayoga se virati rUpa kriyA; jJAna, darzana, cAritra meM pravRtti rUpa kriyaa| 2. caturviMzatistava-caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti, arhanta deva ke yathArtha asAdhAraNa guNoM kA kiirtn| 3. vaMdanA - vinaya, kSamAdi guNavAn guru kI prtiptti| 4. pratikramaNa - pApa se pIche lauTanA pratikramaNa kahalAtA hai| akaraNIya kArya ke karane para pazcAttApa karanA gRhIta vratoM meM doSa lagane para unakI AlocanA karanA pratikramaNa hai| 5. kAyotsarga - kAyA kI mamatA chor3anA, vratoM ke aticAra rUpa vraNa kI cikitsA krnaa| 6. pratyAkhyAna - tapa karanA, tyAga meM vRddhi karanA, vratoM ke aticAra rUpa ghAvoM ko puurnaa| jaina vAGmaya meM AvazyakasUtra para vipula vyAkhyA sAhitya prApta hotA hai, jo mukhya rUpa se pAMca bhAgoM meM hai - 1. niyukti (Avazyakaniyukti), 2. bhASya (vizeSAvazyakabhASya), 3. cUrNi (AvazyakacUrNi), 4. vRtti (AvazyakavRtti), 5. stabaka (TabbA) tathA vartamAna samaya meM hindI, gujarAtI, aMgrejI Adi bhASAoM meM bhI Avazyaka para vivecana prApta hai| (1) niyukti - niyukti kA sAmAnya artha vyAkhyA hai| sUtra meM nizcaya kiyA huA artha jisameM nibaddha ho use niyukti kahate haiN| AgamoM para AryA chaMda meM prAkRta gAthAoM meM likhA huA saMkSipta vivecana niyukti hai| IsavI san kI pAMcavIM-chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva hI, niyuktiyA~ likhI jAne lagI thiiN|

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[28] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana niyuktikAra AcArya bhadrabAhu ne dasa niyuktiyA~ likhI haiM, jinameM Avazyaka niyukti prathama hai| Avazyaka niyukti para jinabhadragaNi, jinadAsagaNi, haribhadra, koTyAcArya, malayagiri, maladhArI hemacandra, mANikyazekhara Adi AcAryoM ne vividha vyAkhyAeM likhI haiN| Avazyaka niyukti meM sarvaprathama maMgala ke rUpa meM pAMca jJAnoM kA varNana huA hai| phira sAmAyika ke prakAroM kA 26 dvAroM ke mAdhyama se vistAra pUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| isI prasaMga para 24 tIrthaMkara, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva Adi ke jIvana caritra para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| sAmAyika kA vistAra se varNana karane ke pazcAt Avazyaka ke zeSa caturviMzatistava Adi adhyayanoM kA vistAra pUrvaka nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| Avazyakaniyukti jaina sAhitya kA mahattvapUrNa aMga hote hue bhI isake kartA ke sambandha meM sabhI vidvAn eka mata nahIM haiN| katipaya vidvAn caturdazapUrvadhara bhadrabAhu ko Avazyakaniyukti kA kartA mAnate haiM, to kucha vidvAn naimittika bhadrabAhu ko| sabhI pramANoM kI samIkSA karane para yaha adhika ucita pratIta hotA hai ki niyukti kI racanA caturdazapUrva bhadrabAhu se prAraMbha ho gaI thI aura kAlakrama se usameM prasaMgAnusAra gAthAeM juDatI gaI aura anta meM naimittika bhadrabAhu ne pariSkRta svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai| (2) bhASya - niyuktiyoM meM mUla graMtha meM jo viSaya varNita hotA hai, usake alAvA anya viSaya ko nahIM samajhAyA jAtA hai, sAtha hI varNita viSaya gUDha aura saMkSipta hotA hai| ataH niyuktiyoM ke gambhIra rahasyoM ko prakaTa karane ke lie pUrvAcAryoM ne vistAra se prAkRta bhASA meM jo padyAtmaka vyAkhyAeM likhIM una vyAkhyAoM ko bhASya kahate haiN| bhASyoM kA samaya sAmAnya taura para IsvI san kI lagabhaga cauthI-pAMcavIM zatAbdI mAnA jA sakatA hai| mukhya rUpa se jinabhadragaNi aura saMghadAsagaNi bhASyakAra ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| Avazyaka sUtra para tIna bhASya likhe gae haiM - 1. mUlabhASya 2. bhASya evaM 3. vizeSAvazyaka bhaassy| prathama do bhASya to bahuta saMkSipta haiM aura unakI aneka gAthAoM kA samAveza vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kara liyA gayA hai| ataH vizeSAvazyakabhASya tInoM bhASyoM kA pratinidhi hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya Avazyaka sUtra ke chaha adhyayanoM meM se sAmAyika nAmaka prathama adhyayana para racita hai| isa bhASya meM 3603 gAthAeM haiN| yaha graMtha zaka saMvat 531 meM likhA gayA hai| AcArya jinabhadra kaba hue aura kinake ziSya the, isa saMbaMdha meM paraspara virodhI ullekha milate haiM akoTA (aMkoTTaka) gAMva meM prApta mUtiyoM para jinabhadragaNi kA nAmollekha hai| DaoN. umAkAMta premAnanda zAha ne kalA tathA lipi ke AdhAra para ina mUrtiyoM ko I0 sana 550 se 600 ke madhya kI svIkAra kI hai| isa AdhAra tathA anya pramANoM se jinabhadragaNi kA kAla vi. saM. 545 se 650 taka mAnA jA sakatA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne nau graMthoM kI racanA kI hai, yathA 1. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 2. vizeSAvazyakabhASya svopajJavRtti, 3. bRhat saMgrahaNI, 4. bRhat kSetrasamAsa, 5. vizeSaNavatI, 6. jItakalpa sUtra, 7. jItakalpasUtra bhASya, 8. dhyAnazataka aura 9. anuyogcuurnni| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI racanA aisI zailI meM kI hai ki darzana ke sAmAnya tattvoM ke viSaya meM hI tarkavAda kA avalambana nahIM liyA gayA, jainadarzana kI pramANa evaM prameya sambaMdhI choTI-bar3I mahattvazAlI sabhI bAtoM ke sambandha meM tarkavAda kA prayoga karake jinabhadragaNi ne dArzanika jagat meM jainadarzana ko eka sarvatantra svatantra rUpa se hI nahIM, pratyuta sarvatantra samanvaya rUpa meM bhI upasthApita kiyA hai|

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prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya evaM bRhadvRtti: eka paricaya [49] vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM jaina AgamoM meM pratipAdita sabhI mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa bhASya kI eka mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM jaina dharma kI mAnyatAoM kA varNana mAtra jaina darzana kI dRSTi se na karate hue anya darzanoM ke sAtha tulanA, khaNDana aura samarthana Adi karate hue kiyA gayA hai| ataH dArzanika dRSTikoNa se bhI yaha graMtha mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai ki jainAgamoM kA rahasya jAnane ke lie vizeSAvazyakabhASya eka upayogI graMtha hai| isameM agra likhita viSayoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai -maMgala kA svarUpa, jJAnapaMcaka, nirukta, nikSepa, anugama, nayavAda, sAmAyika kI prApti, sAmAyika ke bAdhaka kAraNa, cAritra lAbha, pravacana, sUtra anuyoga kA pRthakkaraNa, AcAra nIti, karma siddhAMta, syAdvAda, graMthi bheda, deza virati, sarvavirati sAmAyika Adi pAMca cAritra, ziSya kI yogyatA - ayogyatA, gaNadharavAda, nihnava adhikAra, sAmAyika ke vividha dvAra, digambaravAda, namaskAra sUtra kI utpatti, karemi bhaMte Adi padoM kI vyaakhyaa| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya apane Apa meM eka anUThA grantha hai| yadi koI svAdhyAyI sampUrNa jainAgamoM kA adhyayana nahIM kara sake to bhI yadi vaha vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA svAdhyAya karale to use jainAgamoM meM varNita sabhI viSayoM kA parijJAna ho sakatA hai| ( 3 ) cUrNi - niyukti aura bhASya kI racanA ke bAda jainAcAryoM ne AgamoM para gadyAtmaka vyAkhyA sAhitya likhA / yaha sAhitya zuddha prAkRta meM aura saMskRta mizrita prAkRta meM likhA gayA hai, jo Aja cUrNisAhitya ke nAma se prasiddha hai| artha kI bahulatA ho, mahAn artha ho, hetu, nipAta aura upasarga se jo yukta ho, gaMbhIra ho, aneka padoM se samanvita ho, jisameM aneka gama hoM aura jo nayoM se zuddha ho, jise cUrNi kahA jAtA hai| cUrNiyoM meM prAkRta kI laukika, dhArmika Adi aneka kathAyeM dI gaI haiM / vANijyakulIna koTigaNIya vajrazAkhIya jinadAsagaNi mahattara adhikAMza cUrNiyoM ke karttA ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| ApakA samaya vi. saM. 650-750 ke lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai / AvazyakacUrNi niryukti ke anusAra likhI gaI hai, bhASya kI gAthAoM kA upayoga bhI yatra-tatra huA hai| mukhya rUpa se bhASA prAkRta hai, kintu saMskRta ke zloka evaM gadya paMktiyA~ bhI uddhRta kI gaI haiN| isameM kathAoM kI pracuratA hai| isakI viSaya vastu bhI prAyaH Avazyaka niyukti jaisI hI hai| ( 4 ) TIkA - mUla Agama, niryukti evaM bhASya, prAkRta bhASA meM likhe gaye aura cUrNisAhitya meM bhI pradhAna rUpa se prAkRta bhASA kA prayoga huA hai / isake bAda AgamoM para saMskRta bhASA meM vyAkhyAeM likhI gaI haiM, jinheM TIkA kahA jAtA hai / TIkAeM Agama siddhAMta ko samajhane ke lie atyaMta upayogI haiM / Agama - sAhitya para sarvaprathama saMskRta ke TIkAkAroM meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa kA nAma sarvaprathama AtA hai, jinhoMne vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI svopajJavRtti kI racanA kI / (a) AvazyakavRtti - AcArya haribhadra ne Avazyakaniryukti para bhI vRtti likhii| isa vRtti kA nAma ziSyahitA hai / isakA granthamAna 22000 zlokapramANa hai / haribhadra kA kAla sabhI pramANoM ke AdhAra para I0 san 700 se 770 (vi. saM. 757 se 827) taka nizcita kiyA gayA hai| AcArya haribhadra ne 1444 graMthoM kI racanA kI thI / AvazyakavRtti kI viSaya vastu lagabhaga niryukti ke samAna hai| (A) Avazyaka vivaraNa - AcArya malayagiri ne bhI Avazyaka sUtra para AvazyakavivaraNa nAmaka vRtti likhI hai| vartamAna meM jo vivaraNa upalabdha hai usakA graMthamAna 18000 zloka pramANa hai| niryukti kI gAthAoM para sarala aura subodha zailI meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ApakA samaya vidvAnoM ne bArahavIM zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa kA svIkAra kiyA hai| ApakI ukta TIkA ke alAvA naMdI, rAjapraznIya, piMDaniryukti Adi se sambandhita 25 TIkA graMthoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai /

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana (i) AvazyakavRttipradezavyAkhyA - maladhArI hemacandrasUri ne haribhadrakRta Avazyaka vRtti para 4600 zloka pramANa AvazyakavRtti - pradezavyAkhyA yA hAribhadrIyAvazyakavRtti - TippaNaka nAmaka vRtti likhI hai / (I) Avazyakaniryukti - dIpakA - mANikyazekharasUri dvArA racita dIpikA Avazyakaniryukti kA zabdArtha evaM bhAvArtha samajhane ke lie bahuta upayogI hai| inake alAvA jinabhaTTa, mANikyazekhara, kulaprabha, rAjavallabha Adi ne AvazyakasUtra para vRttiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai| inake atirikta vikrama saMvat 1122 meM nami sAdhu ne, saMvat 1222 meM zrI candrasUri ne, saMvat 1440 meM zrI jJAnasAgara ne, saMvat 1500 meM dhIrasundara ne, saMvat 1540 meM zubhavarddhanagiri ne, saMvat 1697 meM hitaruci ne tathA san 1958 meM pUjya zrI ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja ne bhI AvazyakasUtra para vRtti kA nirmANa kara apanI pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai| [50] (5) Tabbe - TIkA yuga ke bAda lokabhASAoM meM sarala aura subodha zailI meM likhe gae TippaNa Tabbe kahalAte haiN| dharmasiMha muni ne 18vIM zatAbdI meM bhagavatI, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, candraprajJapti aura sUryaprajJapti ko chor3a kara zeSa 27 AgamoM para bAlAvabodha Tabbe likhe the / anuvAda yuga - TabboM ke pazcAt anuvAda yuga kI zuruAta huii| mukhya rUpa se Agama- sAhitya kA anuvAda tIna bhASAoM meM upalabdha hai- aMgrejI, gujarAtI aura hindI / vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kA vyAkhyA sAhitya (a) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya svopajJavRtti - AcArya jinabhadragaNi ne svaracita vizeSAvazyakabhASya para svayaM ne svopajJavRtti likhI / AcArya ne yaha TIkA gaNadhara arthAt gAthA 1863 taka kI TIkA likhakara hI divagaMta ho gye| Age kA bhAga koTyAcArya ne pUrNa kiyA / (A) vizeSAvazyaka bhASyavivaraNa koTyAcArya dvArA Avazyaka sUtra para 13700 zloka pramANa vizeSAvazyakabhASyavivaraNa nAmaka TIkA likhI gaI hai| koTyAcArya kA kAla vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| - (i) ziSyahitA nAmaka bRhadvRtti AcArya maladhArI hemacandra ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya para ziSyahitA nAmaka bRhadvRtti kI racanA kI hai| apane guru abhayadevasUri ke devalokagamana ke bAda vi. saM. 1168 meM maladhArI hemacandra ne AcArya pada prApta kiyA thaa| jisa para ve lagabhaga vi. saM. 1180 taka rhe| ataH vidvAnoM ne inakA samaya vi. saM. 1140-1180 nirNIta kiyA hai| AcArya maladhArI hemacandra ne bhASya meM jitane viSaya Aye haiM, una sabhI viSayoM ko bahuta hI sarala aura sugama dRSTi se samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / yaha isa TIkA kI bahuta bar3I vizeSatA hai| zaMkA-samAdhAna aura praznottara kI paddhati kA prAdhAnya hone ke kAraNa pAThaka ko aruci kA sAmanA nahIM karanA pdd'taa| yatra-tatra saMskRta kathAnakoM ke uddharaNa se viSaya - vivecana aura bhI sarala ho gayA hai / yaha TIkA 28000 zloka pramANa vistRta hai / maladhArI hemacandra ne dasa graMtha likhe the, jo isa prakAra haiM - 1. Avazyaka TippaNa 2. zataka vivaraNa 3. anuyogadvAra vRtti 4. upadezamAlA sUtra 5. upadezamAlAvRtti 6. jIvasamAsa vivaraNa 7. bhavabhAvanAsUtra 8. bhavabhAvanAvivaraNa 9. nandiTippaNa 10. vizeSAvazyakabhASya - bRhdvRtti| ina graMthoM kA kula parimANa 80000 zloka pramANa hai| isa prakAra prastuta adhyAya meM Avazyaka sUtra evaM vizeSAvazyakabhASya se sambandhita sampUrNa viSaya kA vistAra se nirUpaNa huA hai| O O O -

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dvitIya adhyAya jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya pratyeka bhAratIya paramparA meM jIva kA aMtima lakSya mokSa (nirvANa) ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura usa aMtima lakSya kI prApti meM jJAna ko sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| sabhI bhAratIya dArzanika isa bAta para sahamata haiM ki avidyA kA astitva anAdikAla se hai| avidyA anAdi hai, paraMtu anaMta nahIM, vaha sAnta hai, usakA nAza ho sakatA hai, cUMki avidyA baMdhana kA kAraNa hai, ataH avidyA ke viparIta vidyA hI mokSa kA kAraNa ho sakatI hai| avidyA kA nAza vidyA kiMvA jJAna se hotA hai isalie jJAna hI mokSa kA kAraNa hai| ataH bhAratIya dArzanika paramparAoM meM jJAna kA vizeSa mahattva hai| mahAbhArata meM kahA gayA hai ki veda jJAna se zUnya aura zAstrajJAna se rahita brAhmaNa kASThahastI athavA paMkhahIna pakSI ke samAna hai| bhagavadgItA ke anusAra isa pRthvI para jJAna se bar3A koI pavitra tattva nahIM hai| Age ullekha kiyA hai ki jisa prakAra se prajvalita agni, Idhana ko bhasma kara detI hai, vaise hI jJAnarUpa agni sampUrNa karmoM ko bhasma kara detI hai| jo jitendriya zraddhAvAn puruSa jJAna ko prApta karatA hai, vaha tatkSaNa bhagavatprApti rUpa parama zAMti ko prApta ho jAtA hai| zaMkarAcArya ke anusAra jJAna ke samAna pavitra karane vAlA, zuddha karane vAlA isa loka meM dUsarA koI tattva nahIM hai| ataH sabhI bhAratIya darzana eka mata se svIkAra karate haiM ki jJAna hI jIva ko sadmArga dikhAtA hai aura jaba taka jJAna samyak nahIM hogA taba taka jIva meM heya, jJeya aura upAdeya kI buddhi vikasita nahIM hogii| jJAna se hI jIva sva-svarUpa aura para-svarUpa kA evaM baMdha, mokSa ke kAraNoM kA jJAtA-draSTA hotA hai| kyoMki baMdhana se mukta hone ke lie apane svarUpa kA, baMdha evaM baMdha ke kAraNoM tathA baMdhana se mukta hone kI sAdhanA kA jJAna prApta karanA Avazyaka hai| aise jJAna kA adhyayana jisameM kiyA jAtA hai, vaha jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana kahalAtA hai| jJAnamImAMsA jIvana darzana kA anAdikAla se AdhAra rahI hai| isake abhAva meM jIvana darzana kA svarUpa Tika nahIM sktaa| ata: jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana meM jJAna saMbaMdhI samasyAoM kI vivecanA hai, jaise - jJAna kyA hai? jJAna kA artha kyA hai? jJAna kA svarUpa kyA hai? ityAdi samasyAoM kA yuktiyukta samAdhAna jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana meM kiyA gayA hai| prAyaH jJAna ko AtmA kA guNa svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| isameM bhI matAntara prApta hote haiN| prathama mAnyatAnusAra jJAna AtmA kA Agantuka guNa hai, yaha mAnyatA nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM svIkRta hai| jJAna ko AtmA kA guNa mAnane kI dUsarI paramparA jaina darzana kI hai, jisake anusAra jJAna AtmA kA svAbhAvika (maulika) guNa hai| AtmA meM svAbhAvika jJAna sAmarthya vidyamAna hai tathA vaha eka upayogamaya tattva hai| apanI ina do svAbhAvika vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa AtmA sadaiva kisI na kisI padArtha ko viSaya banAkara use jAnatA huA hI vidyamAna hotA hai| jainadarzana meM jJAna ke binA AtmA evaM AtmA ke binA jJAna kA astitva hI svIkArya nahIM hai| prastuta zodha grantha meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya ko AdhAra banAte hue mukhyataH jainadarzana kI zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM mAnya jJAna ke svarUpa kI samIkSA kI jaaegii| 1. na hi jJAnena sadRzaM pavitramihaM vidyate / tatsvayaM yogasaMsiddhaH kAlenAtmani vindti| - zrImadbhagavadgItA, 4.38 2. jJAnAgniH sarvakarmANi bhasmasAtkurute tthaa| - zrImadbhagavadgItA, 4.37 3. jJAnaM labdhvA parAM shaantimcirennaadhigcchti| - zrImadbhagavadgItA, 4.39

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[52] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jJAna kI paribhASA 'bhUtArthaprakAzakaM jJAnam' arthAt satyArtha kA prakAza karane vAle guNa vizeSa ko jJAna kahate haiN|" vAcaspati mizra ne bhAmatI meM jJAna kA lakSaNa batAte hue kahA hai ki "yo'yamarthaprakAzaphalam" arthAt jisase artha athavA viSaya prakAzita ho vaha jJAna hai / sAdhvI DaoN. priyalatAzrI ne apane zodhagrantha 'jainadarzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA meM jJAna ko karttA, karaNa aura donoM meM abheda ke rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA haiM - 1. 'jAnAti iti jJAnam' arthAt jo jAnatA hai yA jAnane kI kriyA karatA hai, vaha jJAna hai| yahA~ kriyA evaM karttA meM abhedopacAra karake jJAna ko karttA arthAt AtmA kahA gayA hai| 2. jJAyate avabudhyate vastutattvamiti jJAnam' arthAt AtmA vastutattva ko jisake dvArA jAnatI hai, vaha jJAna hai / yahA~ jJAna ko sAdhana yA karaNa mAnA gayA hai| 3. 'jJAyate asminniti jJAnamAtmA' jisako jAnA jAtA hai, vaha jJAna hai, vahI AtmA hai| jJAna kI yaha adhikaraNamUlaka vyutpatti hai| yahA~ pariNAma jJAna aura pariNAmI AtmA meM abhedopacAra kiyA gayA hai| jJAnI ke lakSaNa aneka zAstroM kA abhyAsI saccA jJAnI ho yaha Avazyaka nahIM, kintu jisameM agrAMkita dasa lakSaNa hote haiM, vaha saccA jJAnI hai| - 1. vaha krodha rahita hotA hai, 2. vaha vairAgyavAn hotA hai, 3. vaha jitendriya hotA hai, 4. vaha kSamAvaMta hotA hai, 5. vaha dayAlu hotA hai, 6. vaha sabhI ko hita, mita aura priya vacana bolane vAlA hotA hai, 7. vaha nirlobhI hotA hai, 8. vaha nirbhaya hotA hai, 9. vaha zoka rahita hotA hai, 10. vaha udAra, taTastha aura tyAgI hotA hai| jJAna aura AtmA kA sambandha jJAna aura AtmA kA sambandha daNDa aura daNDI ke samAna saMyoga sambandha nahIM hai| saMyoga sambandha do pRthak-pRthak dravyoM meM sambhava hai| jJAna aura AtmA kA astitva pRthak siddha nahIM hai, ataH jJAna AtmA kA svAbhAvika (maulika) guNa hai| jJAna ke abhAva meM AtmA kA astitva nahIM hai| vyavahAra naya se jJAna aura AtmA meM bheda mAna sakate haiM, lekina nizcaya naya se jJAna aura AtmA meM kisI bhI prakAra kA bheda nahIM hai| vastutaH AtmA hI jJAna hai aura jJAna hI AtmA hai| donoM meM kisI bhI prakAra kA bheda nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| taittirIyopaniSad meM bhI kahA hai ki 'satyaM jJAnamanantaM brahma' arthAt satya jJAna ananta hai, brahma rUpa hai| jJAna Atma-zakti rUpa jJAna AtmA kA prakAza hai, jo sadA eka rasa aura zAzvata hai, bandhanoM se mukta rakhane meM sakSama hai| isI taraha jJAna jIvana kA sarvopari tattva hai, vaha jIvana kA bahumUlya dhana hai| sabhI prakAra kI bhautika sampattiyA~ to naSTa ho jAtI haiM, kintu jJAnarUpa AdhyAtmika sampatti isa bhava meM, para bhava meM aura donoM bhavoM meM pratyeka paristhiti meM sAtha rahatI hai| jJAna jIva kA vaha prakAza hai, jo sabhI dvandroM, ulajhanoM aura andhakAra se manuSya ko nikAlakara zAzvata patha para agrasara karatA hai jJAna svayaM hI 4. SaTkhaNDAgama, pustaka 1, su. 1.1.4, pR. 142 aura sAkSAnmUtazeSapadArthaparicchedakamavadhijJAnam pR. 358 5. jainadarzana meM trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA, pR. 55 6. je AyA se viNNAyA, je viNNAyA se aayaa| AcArAMgasUtra 5.5 pR. 182, samayasAra, gAthA 7

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [53] zAzvata dhana hai| isa jJAna ke abhAva meM ajJAnI manuSya jarA-sI vipatti evaM pratikUla saMyogoM meM ghabarA jAtA hai, apane siddhAntoM se vicalita ho jAtA hai| isake viparIta samyagjJAnI AtmA baDI se bar3I vipatti Ane para bhI nahIM ghabarAtA hai, jIvana saMkaTa meM par3a jAne para bhI apane siddhAntoM se vicalita nahIM hotA hai| vaha apane jJAna bala se vipattiyoM ko jIta letA hai| isake lie jainAgamoM meM aneka udAharaNa bhare par3e haiM - antagaDa sUtra meM varNita gajasukumAla muni ne dhyAnAvasthA meM somila brAhmaNa dvArA mastaka para aMgAre rakhane para bhI zarIrAdi para rAga aura somila para dveSa nahIM kiyaa| Atma-jJAna kI zakti se upasarga ko samabhAva se sahana karate hue mokSa ko prApta kara liyA, isI prakAra isI sUtra meM varNita arjunamuni ne Atma-jJAna se samabhAva rakhakara mAtra chaha mahIne meM hI apane pUrvabaddha azubha karmoM ko naSTa karake kevalajJAna aura mokSa ko prApta kara liyA thaa| AgamoM meM sAdhu hI nahIM zrAvakoM kA bhI ullekha hai, jinhoMne jJAna ke Alambana se maraNAsanna kaSToM meM apUrva samabhAva ko dhAraNa karate hue parISahoM ko jIta liyA hai| jaiseki sudarzana zramaNopAsaka ko AtmA ke avinAzitva, nityatva kA jJAna hRdayagaMma ho cukA thA, isI jJAna zakti se vaha arjuna mAlAkAra ke bhayaMkara prANaghAtaka AtaMka aura sAkSAt mauta ko dekhakara bhI ghabarAyA nahIM, samabhAvapUrvaka apane AtmA jJAna meM sthira rahA hai| isI prakAra jJAtAdharmakathAMga meM varNita arhannaka zrAvaka kI parIkSA lete hue deva ne bhayaMkara upasarga diye, DarAyA dhamakAyA, pralobhana diyA phira bhI arhannaka zrAvaka apane niyama para majabUta rahe the| ata: jJAna bala kA AcaraNAtmaka pahalU bhI hai, jisake dvArA mAnava meM jJAna kI aisI zakti A jAtI hai ki vaha apane AdhyAtmika tattva yA siddhAnta para anta taka sthira rahatA hai, vaha Atma-jJAna arthAt svarUpa-jJAna se vicalita nahIM hotA hai, na hI usa para zaMkA, kAMkSA aura vicikitsA karake apane satya (siddhAnta) se haTatA hai| ataH vaha deva-dAnava dvArA pradatta upasarga yAvat sAkSAt mRtyu kA prasaMga upasthita hone para bhI ghabarAtA nahIM hai| jJAna-darzana kisako hote haiM? AdhyAtmika kSetra meM zarIra bala kI nahIM Atmabala kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, isako spaSTa karane ke lie sthAnAMga sUtra sthAna 4 uddezaka 2 meM cAra bhaMga prApta hote haiM, yathA - kisI eka kRza zarIra vAle puruSa ko chadmastha sambandhI jJAna darzana athavA kevalajJAna darzana utpanna hote haiM kintu dRr3ha zarIra vAle puruSa ko nhiiN| kisI eka dRr3ha zarIra vAle puruSa ko jJAna darzana utpanna hote haiM kintu kRza zarIra vAle ko nahIM, kisI eka kRza zarIra vAle puruSa ko bhI jJAna darzana utpanna hote haiM aura dRr3ha zarIra vAle ko bhI utpanna hote haiM, kisI eka na to kRza zarIra vAle puruSa ko jJAna darzana utpanna hote haiM aura na dRr3ha zarIra vAle ko utpanna hote haiN| ina cAroM bhaMgoM meM zarIra bala ho yA nahIM isase koI matalaba nahIM hai, lekina jisakA Atmabala majabUta hai usako hI jJAna darzana utpanna ho sakate haiN| jJAna hI cAritra AdhAra 'jJAnasya phalaM viratiH' samyak jJAna jaba antara meM sthira ho jAtA hai, sudRr3ha ho jAtA hai, taba vyakti ukta jJAna ko evaM AtmA-anAtmA ke bheda vijJAna ko hRdayaMgama kara letA hai, taba usake kAraNa para padArthoM ke prati, vibhAvoM ke prati usakI svabhAvata: virati ho jAtI hai| usakI AtmA pratyeka sajIva-nirjIva para padArtha ko jarUrata par3ane para apanAtA hai, kintu usake prati rAga, dveSa, moha Asakti yA ghRNA nahIM rakhakara jJAtA - draSTA banA rahatA hai| jJAna-bala ke kAraNa usakA kaSAya bhAva atyanta manda yA kSINa ho jAtA hai|

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[54] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jJAna kI upayogitA 1. jJAna AtmA kA bhojana hai, jJAna se AtmA tAjA svastha, hRSTapuSTa banatI hai| jJAna AtmA kA sattva aura tattva hai| 2. jJAna AtmA kA mUla guNa hai, vaha sahaja svabhAva rUpa hai| 3. maiM kauna hU~? kahA~ se AyA hU~? aura kahA~ jAne vAlA hU~? merA svarUpa kyA hai? mere jIvana kA sAra kyA hai? merA kartavya kyA hai? maiM kisake lie AyA hU~? Adi sabhI praznoM kA javAba jJAna dvArA mila sakatA hai| 4. jJAna AtmA ko pApa se arthAt durgati aura duHkha se bacA sakatA hai| 5. jJAna AtmA ko sadgati arthAt mokSa (avyAbAdha sukha) dilA sakatA hai| 6. jJAna kI ArAdhanA se zuru kI gaI sAdhanA Age ke bhAga meM mokSa yAtrA meM rUpAMtarita hotA 7. jJAna se jIva jagat ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnatA hai| jisase usako vairAgya phala kI prApti hotI hai, vairAgya se mokSa milatA hai| 8. jJAna isa bhava aura parabhava ke lie upayogI hai, jaise DorI sahita sUI guma nahIM hotI aura DhUMDhane vAle ke hAtha meM A jAtI hai, vaise hI jJAna sahita AtmA ko sva-svarUpa kA bhAna karA kara paramAtmA ke sAtha anusaMdhAna karA detA hai| 9. ajJAna jaise sabase bar3e duHkha kA nivAraNa jJAna se hI sambhava hai| jJAna svayaM sukha kA nidhAna hai, jJAna AtmA ke svarUpa kA bhAna karA kara paramAtmA ke sAtha anusaMdhAna karA detA hai. 10. jJAna jIva ko sthiratA detA hai| 11. jJAna AtmA kA vaibhava, AtmA kI zakti, AtmA kA svarUpa aura AtmA kA dhyeya batAtA hai, mAtra svarUpa aura dhyeya hI nahIM, paraMtu use prApta karane kA mArga bhI batAtA hai| 12. prathama jJAna phira dayA, jJAna binA manuSya pazu ke samAna hai| 13. jJAna ke binA zuddha cAritra kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai| 14. dharmajJAna pApa, akRtya, bhakSya-abhakSya Adi ke sambandha meM viveka vAlA banatA hai| 15. jJAnI niMdanIya kAmoM se svayaM ko alaga rakha sakatA hai, bacA sakatA hai| 16. zAstra jJAna - saccA jJAna zaMkAoM kA cheda karane vAlA evaM mokSamArga kA darzaka hai| mokSa ke lie jJAna hI prAthamikatA sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ne 'Rte jJAnAnna muktiH' arthAt jJAna ke binA mukti prApta nahIM hotI hai, aisA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana kA bhI yahI mata hai ki kevalajJAna prApta kiye binA mukti sambhava nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki samyak darzana (samyak dRSTi) ke binA jJAna samyak nahIM hotA aura samyak jJAna ke binA cAritra guNa samyak nahIM hotA aura samyak cAritra se rahita ko mokSa (sarvakarmamukti) nahIM hotA aura mokSa prApti se rahita ko nirvANa nahIM hotA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki mokSopAya ke sandarbha meM samyak jJAna ko prAthamikatA dI gaI hai| jJAna kI paripUrNatA hI AtmA kA, vizeSataH sAdhaka AtmA kA carama lakSya hai| jJAna ke paripUrNa ho jAne para AtmA yathA zIghra karma, deha aura janma-maraNAdi ke duHkhoM se sarvathA vimukta ho jAtA hai| 7. uttarAdhyana sUtra, a. 28 gAthA 30

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [55] jJAna kA jJeya viSaya jisase jAnA jAtA hai, vaha jJAna hai tathA jise jAnA jAtA hai, vaha jJeya hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra jJAna AtmA kA nija guNa athavA svabhAva hai / nijaguNa yA svabhAva use kahate haiM jo sadaiva apane guNI ke sAtha rahatA hai, usase kabhI bhI alaga nahIM hotA hai| jaina darzana meM AtmA ko anAdi ananta mAnA hai, isa apekSA se jJAna bhI AtmA meM anAdi - ananta kAla se rahA huA hai| AtmA ke svarUpa Adi kA jitanA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai, usakA mUla kendra jJAna hI hotA hai| ataH AtmA sabhI guNoM ko to jJAna se jAna sakatA hai, parantu svayaM jJAna ko kaise jAnA jAe ? jaise agni svayaM ko nahIM jalA sakatI hai, vaha padArtha ko hI jalAtI hai, vaise hI jJAna, jJAna ko kaise jAna sakatA hai ? arthAt vaha mAtra dUsaroM ko hI jAnatA hai, svayaM ko nhiiN| kyA jJAna kabhI jJeya banatA hai ki nahIM ? jJeya ACT artha hai jJAna kA viSaya banane vAlA padArtha arthAt jisakA bodha hAtA hai, vaha jJeya haiM / jJeya hone se jJAtA AtmA aura usake dUsare guNa bhI jJeya haiN| unakI vibhinna paryAya bhI jJeya hai, kyoMki ye bhI jJAna meM pratibimbita hotI haiN| bhAratIya darzana ke sabhI dArzanikoM ke sAmane yaha samasyA thI kI jJAna mAtra dUsaroM ko hI jAnatA hai, athavA apane Apako bhI jAna sakatA hai ? sabhI dArzanikoM ne apanI-apanI mAnyatA ke anusAra isakA samAdhAna karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| mImAMsA darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki jaise AMkha dUsare padArthoM dekha sakatI hai, para svayaM ko nahIM dekha sakatI hai vaise hI jJAna meM para-padArtha ko jAnane kI zakti to hotI hai, lekina svayaM ko jAnane kI zakti usameM nahIM hotI hai, ataH jJAna ajJeya hai| jainadArzanikoM ne isakA khaNDana karate hue kahA hai kyoMki jJAna apane Apako jAnatA huA hI dUsare padArthoM kA jAnatA hai ki yadi jJAna meM jAnane kI zakti hai, to dUsaroM ke samAna yaha svayaM apane ApakoM kyoM nahIM jAna sakatA hai? jaiseki dIpaka svayaM ko bhI prakAzita karate hue apane sAmarthya ke anusAra anya padArthoM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai| dIpaka ko prakAzita karane ke lie dUsare dIpaka kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai, isI prakAra jJAna ko jAnane ke lie bhI jJAna ke alAvA anya kisI dUsare padArtha kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| ataH jJAna dIpaka ke samAna sva aura para prakAzaka hai| yadi dIpaka meM svayaM ko prakAzita karane kI zakti na ho, to vaha dUsare padArthoM ko bhI prakAzita nahIM kara skegaa| vaise hI jJAna yadi svayaM ko nahIM jAna sakatA hai, to para padArthoM ko bhI nahIM jAna sakatA hai| kaNAda aura gautama kA mAnanA hai ki jJAna svayaM ko to nahIM jAna sakatA hai, lekina usako jAnane ke lie dUsarA jJAna sAdhana banatA hai, jise anuvyavasAyAtmaka jJAna kahate haiN| isa prakAra jJAna jJeya ke koTi meM A sakatA hai| jainadArzanikoM ne isakA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai ki pahale jJAna ko jAnane ke lie dUsarA jJAna utpanna hotA hai, isa prakAra dUsare ke lie tIsarA jJAna utpanna hotA hai, isa paramparA meM jo antima jJAna hogA, yaha to ajJeya hI raha jAegA tathA isa prakAra anavasthA doSa bhI prApta hotA hai ataH yaha mAnanA adhika ucita hai ki jJAna dIpaka ke samAna sva-para ko prakAzita karatA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra jJAna sva- parAbhAsI hai, jisakA artha hai, ki vaha apane Apako jAnatA huA dUsaroM ko jAnatA hai| AtmA kA mukhya lakSaNa cetanA hai| cetanA kA artha hai upyog| upayoga kA artha hai jJAna aura drshn| ataH AtmA cetana hai, isakA artha hai ki vaha jJAna darzana svarUpa hai| isa prakAra jJAna AtmA kA viziSTa guNa hai| jJAna se hI AtmA ke svarUpa aura AtmA se bhinna pudgaloM kA jJAna hotA hai,

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[56] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jJAna se AtmA puNya-pApa, bandha-mokSa ke svarUpa ko jAnatA hai| AtmA ke prameyatva Adi guNa to AtmA se bhinna jar3a padArthoM meM bhI pAye jAte haiM, lekina jJAna guNa AtmA kA asAdhAraNa guNa hai, jo eka mAtra AtmA meM hI hotA hai| hama yaha kaheM ki eka jJAna guNa meM AtmA ke anya sabhI guNoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai, to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| jainadarzana ke anusAra dharmAstikAya Adi chaha dravyoM ke alAvA saMsAra meM kucha bhI nahIM hai| ina chaha dravyoM meM jIva dravya jJAtA bhI hai aura jJeya bhI hai, zeSa pAMca dravya mAtra jJeya haiN| jJAtA meM jJeya padArtha pratikSaNa jhalakate rahate haiN| chadmastha kA jJAna maryAdA se yukta hotA hai, jabaki kevalI kA jJAna maryAdA se rahita hotA hai| kevalI kevalajJAna meM sabhI padArthoM aura padArthoM kI anantAnaMta paryAyoM ko jAnate haiN| saMsAra kI eka bhI aisI vastu nahIM hai, jo kevalajJAna kA jJeya nahIM banatI ho| saMsAra ke cetana athavA jar3a rUpa pratyeka padArtha jJAna kA viSaya hone se jJeya hote haiN| jJAna kA viSaya mUrta aura amUrta sabhI prakAra ke padArtha ho sakate haiN| sthUla aura sUkSma sabhI prakAra ke padArtha jJAna ke viSaya haiN|| vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra jaba taka AtmA meM jJAna hai taba taka AtmA kI mukti bhI nahIM ho sakatI hai| vaizeSika darzana meM muktAvasthA meM AtmA meM jJAna svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| lekina yaha sahI nahIM hai kyoMki jJAna se zUnya to jar3a hotA hai, muktAvasthA meM jJAna nahIM mAnane para vaha ajIvavat ho jAegA, jo ki kisI bhI buddhimAn ko svIkAra nahIM hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra jJAna du:kha kA kAraNa nahIM hai, kintu rAga-dveSa du:kha ke kAraNa kahe gae haiN| jJAna se to duHkha ko dUra kiyA jAtA hai, jJAna aura viveka ke kAraNa hI AtmA meM se viSamatA dUra hokara samatA utpanna hotI hai| bauddha kevala vizeSa ko, sAMkhya kevala sAmAnya ko aura naiyAyika-vaizeSika sAmAnya evaM vizeSa donoM ko svataMtra rUpa se jJAna kA jJeya svIkAra karate haiN| jainadarzana ke anusAra jJAna kA viSaya dravya aura paryAya athavA sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka rUpa vastu hai, kyoMki usake alAvA anya vastu jJeya nahIM bana sakatI hai| saMsAra meM padArtha ananta haiM, isalie una ananta padArthoM ko viSaya karane vAlA jJAna bhI ananta hai| kintu AvaraNa-dazA meM jJAna sImita hotA hai, ataH sImita padArtha hI hamAre jJeya banate haiN| nirAvaraNa dazA meM jJAna ananta ho jAtA hai, ataH vaha ananta padArthoM ko jAna sakatA hai| indriya aura mana ke mAdhyama se hI hamArA jJAna jJeya ko jAnatA hai| indriyoM kI zakti sImita hai, ve mana ke sAtha apane viSayoM ko sthApita kara hI jAna sakatI haiN| mana kA sambandha eka samaya meM eka indriya se hI hotA hai| ataH eka samaya meM eka padArtha kI eka hI paryAya jAnI jA sakatI hai| ata: jJAna ko jJeyAkAra mAnane kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| yaha sImA AvRtta jJAna ke lie hai, anAvRtta jJAna ke lie nhiiN| anAvRta jJAna meM to eka sAtha sabhI padArtha jAne jA sakate haiN| jJAna aura jJeya kA sambandha - jJAna ke dvArA saMsAra meM samasta jJeya padArthoM ko jAnA jAtA hai| sAmAnyata: jJAna aura jJeya donoM svataMtra haiM, kintu AtmA ke jJeya hone para use bhI svakIya jJAna se hI jAnA jAtA hai| jJAna AtmA kA guNa hai| jaba hama padArtha ko jAnate haiM, taba jJAna utpanna nahIM hotA, kintu usa samaya usakA prayoga hotA hai, jAnane kI zakti to AtmA meM rahatI hai| ataH jJAna kI pravRtti hotI hai, utpatti nhiiN| jJAnI aura jJeya kA viSaya-viSayIbhAva sambandha hai| pramAtA kA jJAna usakA svabhAva hai isalie vaha viSayI hai| artha jJeya svabhAva hai, isalie vaha viSaya hai| donoM svataMtra haiM tathApi jJAna meM artha ko 8. jainadarzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, pR. 327-328

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [57] jAnane kI aura artha meM jJAna ke dvArA jAne jA sakane kI kSamatA hai| yahI donoM meM kathaMcit abheda kA kAraNa hai| saMsAra ke sabhI jJeya padArthoM kA utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa pariNamana hotA hai| jJAna kI pariNati jJeyAkAra hotI hai| jJeya padArthoM meM utpAda-vyaya hone para vaha jJAna meM pratibhAsita hotA hai, jJAna AtmA kA guNa hai aura use dravya, guNa aura paryAya se yukta kahA gayA hai| jJeya padArthoM meM ghaTita hone vAlA utpAda-vyaya jJAna-guNa meM bhI ghaTita hotA hai| dravya aura guNa meM bhI kathaMcit abheda hai| AtmA jJAtA hai aura saMsAra ke sabhI padArtha jJeya haiN| jJAtA apanI zakti se jJeya ko jAnatA hai, vastutaH vahI jJAna hai| AtmA aura jJAna meM guNa (jJAna) aura guNI (AtmA) kA bhI sambandha hai| jJAna kA kAraNa pratyeka kArya kA koI na koI kAraNa hotA hai, usI prakAra jainadarzana ke anusAra jJAna kA kAraNa ATha prakAra ke karmoM meM se jJAnAvaraNIya karma hai| jJAna ko Avarita karane vAlA karma jJAnAvaraNa kahalAtA hai| jJAnAvaraNa zabda jJAna aura AvaraNa se milakara banA hai| jisakA artha hai jJAna para AvaraNa aanaa| jo vastu pahale se hI vidyamAna hai, use Dhaka denA, prakaTa nahIM hone denA AvaraNa hai| jisa prakAra sUrya ke Age bAdala A jAte haiM, to sUrya dikhAI nahIM detA hai| usakA prakAza pUrNa prakaTa nahIM hotA hai| bAdala sUrya aura usake prakAza para AvaraNa hai| isI prakAra jJAna guNa ke prakAza kA prakaTa nahIM honA arthAt jJAna kA AtmA meM pUrNataH abhivyakta nahIM honA, jJAnAvaraNa hai| isa karma ke kSaya-kSayopazama se hI jIva ko jJAna kI prApti hotI hai| jIvoM meM jJAna kI nyUnAdhikatA kA kAraNa jaina dArzanikoM ne jJAna ko AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa mAnA hai| jisa prakAra sUrya svabhAvata: sva-para prakAzaka hotA hai, vaha anya nirapekSa rUpa se hI svayaM ko tathA usake prakAzita kSetra meM rahe hue sabhI padArthoM ko prakAzita karatA hai| lekina bIca meM dhUla, bAdala Adi kA vyavadhAna Ane para sUrya vyavadhAnoM kI tIvratA, saghanatA Adi ke AdhAra para padArthoM ko nyUnAdhika prakAzita karatA hai| isI prakAra saMsArI AtmA meM jJAnAvaraNIya karma jitanA saghana hotA hai, usakA udaya jitanA tIvra hotA hai, AtmA meM viSaya bodha kI kSamatA utanI hI kama ho jAtI hai tathA AvaraNa karmoM ke kSayopazama meM vRddhi kI mAtrA ke sAtha yaha svataH vikasita hotI jAtI hai| ataH saMsAra ke sabhI jIvoM kA jJAnopayoga eka samAna nahIM hotA hai, usameM bhinnatA dikhAI detI hai| isa jJAna kI nyUnAdhikatA kA sambandha prAyaH vidvAn uparyukta kathanAnusAra jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke sAtha jor3ate haiN| paM. kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA ne jJAnAvaraNa kA sambandha mohanIya karma ke sAtha jor3A hai, unake anusAra jJAna ke AvaraNa kA tathA jJAna guNa ke ghaTane-bar3hane kA sambandha moha ke ghaTane-bar3hane se hai| jJAna guNa kI nyUnAdhikatA kA sambandha bAhya jagat kI vastuoM ko adhika yA kama jAnane se nahIM hai, kAraNa ki guNasthAna car3hate samaya koI sAdhaka bAhya jagat ke gaNita, khagola, bhUgola Adi ko adhika jAnane lagatA ho tathA guNasthAna utarate samaya inakA jJAna kama ho jAtA ho, aisA nahIM hotA hai arthAt bAhya vastuoM, bhASA, sAhitya, vijJAna Adi ko jAnane se athavA nahIM jAnane se jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI nyUnAdhikatA kA mApa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| ata: jJAna guNa kI upayogitA ke bar3hane, ghaTane va abhAva hone se jJAna guNa ghaTatA-bar3hatA nahIM hai, jaiseki koI vyakti apane netroM se vastuoM ko dekha rahA hai taba vaha cakSurindriya matijJAna kA upayoga kara rahA hai| zrotrendriya Adi zeSa indriyoM ke matijJAna kA, zrutajJAna kA, darzana kA aMza mAtra bhI upayoga nahIM ho rahA hai, ataH inake upayoga kA abhAva hone se

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[58] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana zrotrendriya Adi matijJAna, zrutajJAna aura darzana guNa kA abhAva ho jAtA hai, aisA nahIM hai athavA ina guNoM kA AvaraNa ghaTa-bar3ha jAtA hai, aisA bhI nahIM hai| jJAna (zrutajJAna) ke anurUpa AcaNa kara kaSAya ko kSINa karane se, cAritra mohanIya karma ko kSINa karane se aura cAritra kI zuddhi se jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazama aura kSaya hotA hai| jJAna AtmA kA guNa hai| guNa kI vRddhi kabhI ahitakara nahIM ho sakatI hai| jisa jJAna se viSaya-kaSAya, rAga-dveSa moha meM vRddhi ho, vaha jJAna AtmA kA guNa nahIM hai, apitu jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA udaya hai| jisa jJAna se viSaya bhogoM kI ruci jage, AraMbha-parigraha kI vRddhi ho, kAma, krodha, mada, lobha ahaM kA poSaNa ho, vaha jJAna ke anAdara kA phala hai, jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama kA phala nahIM hai, vaha audayika bhAva hai| ata: indriyaviSaya evaM kaSAyavardhaka jJAna ko jJAnAvaraNakarma kA kSayopazama mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke baMdha ke kAraNa - bhagavatI sUtra zataka 8 uddezaka 9 meM jJAnAvaraNIya karma bandha ke chaha kAraNoM kA ullekha hai -1.NANapaDiNIyayAe - jJAna aura jJAnI kI pratyanIkatA (virodha) karane se athavA uneka pratikUla AcAraNa karanA yA unakA avarNavAda bolanA se, 2. NANaNiNhavaNayAe - jJAna evaM jJAnadAtA kA apalApa karane (lopa karane-chupAne) se athavA jisase jJAna prApta kiyA hai, usakA upakAra nahIM mAnanA se, 3. NANaMtarAeNaM - jJAna prApta karane vAle ko antarAya DAlane (bAdhaka banane) se, 4. NANappaoseNaM- jJAna va jJAnI se dveSa karane se, jJAna va jJAnI ke doSa nikAlane se, 5. NANaccAsAyaNAe - jJAna va jJAnI kI AzAtanA karane se aura 6. NANavisaMvAyaNAjogeNaM - jJAnI se visaMvAda (vitaNDAvAda) karane se athavA doSa batAne vAlI pravRtti karane se| jJAnopayoga aura darzanopayoga jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hai, jo ki jIva kA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa hai| jo upayoga yukta hai vaha jIva aura jo upayoga rahita ho, vaha ajIva hai| yahA~ upayoga kA artha jIva kA bodha rUpa vyApAra hai| upayoga ke do bheda haiM - sAkAra (jJAna) aura anAkAra (drshn)| AtmA kA bodha rUpa vyApAra jo vastu ke sAmAnya dharma ko gauNa karake mukhya rUpa se vastu ke vizeSa dharma ko jAnatA hai, vaha sAkAra (jJAna) upayoga hai arthAt sva aura anya padArthoM kA vizeSa jJAna hone rUpa kArya jJAnopayoga hai| AtmA kA bodharUpa vyApAra vastu ke vizeSa dharma ko gauNa karake vastu ke sAmAnya dharma ko mukhya rUpa se jAnatA hai, vaha anAkAra (darzana) upayoga hai arthAt sva aura anya padArthoM kA sAmAnya darzana hone rUpa kArya darzanopayoga hai| jJAnopayoga hai jIva dvArA dIpaka ke samAna sva aura para padArtha ko pratibhAsita karanA aura darzanopayoga hai jIva dvArA darpaNa ke samAna sva aura para padArtha ko apane meM pratibimbita krnaa| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jisa prakAra dIpaka kA svabhAva sva aura anya padArthoM ko pratibhAsita karane kA hai, usI prakAra jIva kA svabhAva bhI sva aura anya padArthoM ko pratibhAsita karane kA hai tathA jisa prakAra darpaNa kA svabhAva sva aura anya padArthoM ko apane andara pratibimbata karane kA hai, usI prakAra jIva kA svabhAva bhI sva aura anya padArthoM ko apane andara pratibimbata karane kA hai| jJAna aura darzana kI paribhASA kI samAlocanA pUrvAcAryoM ne sAmAnya ko darzana aura vizeSa ko jJAna kahA hai| lekina kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA ke mantavyAnusAra yaha samIcIna pratIta nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki sAmAnya zabda se abhiprAya yahA~ jJAna se 9. kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA, bandha tattva, pR. 2-4 10. sarasvatI-varadaputra paM. bazIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-graMtha, khaMDa 4, pR. 49

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [59] lagAyA jAya, to phira jJAna guNa ke hI do bheda ho jAyeMge - 1. sAmAnya jJAna aura 2. vizeSa jnyaan| isase darzana ke svarUpa kA astitva lopa ho jaaegaa| ata: yahA~ 'sAmaNNagahaNaM daMsaNaM' se sAmAnya zabda kA abhiprAya sAmAnya jJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai| pUrvAcAryoM ne darzanaguNa kI nimna vizeSatAeM batalAI haiM - 1. nirvikalpa 2. anAkAra 3. anirvacanIya 4. avizeSa 5. abheda 6. svasaMvedana 7. aMtarmukha caitanya Adi tathA jJAnaguNa kI vizeSatAeM haiM - 1. savikalpa 2. sAkAra 3. vizeSa 4. bahirmukha cit prakAza aadi| yadi hama sAmAnya zabda kA abhiprAya sAmAnya jJAna se leMge, to jJAna kI tInoM vizeSatAeM savikalpatA, sAkAratA, vacanIyatA kA darzana ke sAtha jur3ane kA prasaMga upasthita ho jAyegA aura inake hone para vaha darzana 'darzana' guNa hI na rahegA, jJAna guNa ho jaayegaa| ataH prazna hotA hai ki aisA hai to pUrvAcAryoM ne 'sAmAnya grahaNa' ko darzana kyoM kahA hai? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki darzana nirvikalpa va anAkAra hone se anirvacanIya hai| jo anirvacanIya hai, use vacana se paribhASita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| parantu darzana ko samajhAne ke lie koI na koI AdhAra prastuta karanA Avazyaka thaa| ataH pUrvAcAryoM ne eka niSedhAtmaka saMketaparaka mArga kA anugamana kiyA aura vaha yaha hai ki unhoMne jJAna guNa ko paribhASita kiyA aura kahA ki jisameM vizeSa-vizeSa jAnakArI ho, vaha jJAna hai aura jJAna guNa se bhinna jo guNa hai, vaha darzana guNa hai| jJAnaguNa hai - vizeSa kI jAnakArI, ataH jJAna guNa se bhinna guNa vaha hogA jisameM vizeSa kI jAnakArI kA abhAva ho| saMsAra meM do hI bAteM dekhI jAtI hai - sAmAnya aura vishess| ata: vizeSa ke abhAva ko dikhAne ke lie AcAryoM ne saMketAtmaka rUpa se sAmAnya zabda kA prayoga kiyaa| sArAMza meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki jahA~ sAmAnya grahaNa darzana kahA hai vahA~ sAmAnya zabda kA prayoga avizeSa anubhUti ke lie huA hai, jisakA dUsarA nAma saMvedana hai| zrI vIrasenAcArya ne darzana aura jJAna ke svarUpa kA varNana karate hue 'sagasaMveyaNa' sva-saMvedana ko darzana kahA hai|" DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA ke anusAra darzana ko sAmAnyagrAhI mAnane kA artha kevala itanA hI hai ki usa upayoga meM sAmAnya dharma jhalakatA hai| jaba ki jJAnopayoga meM vizeSa dharma kI ora pravRtti rahatI hai| isakA yaha artha nahIM ki sAmAnya kA tiraskAra karake vizeSa kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai athavA vizeSa ko eka ora phaiMkakara sAmAnya kA sammAna kiyA jAtA hai| vastu meM donoM dharmoM ke rahate hue bhI upayoga kisI eka dharma ko mukhya rUpa se grahaNa kara sakatA hai| yadi aisA na hotA to hama sAmAnya aura vizeSa kA bheda hI nahIM kara paate| upayoga meM dharmoM kA bheda ho sakatA hai, vastu meM nhiiN| upayoga meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa kA bheda kisI bhI taraha vyabhicArI nahIM hai|2 jJAna aura darzana meM antara 1. jJAnopayoga meM svaparavyavasAyAtmakatA hone para pramANatA hai aura darzanopayoga meM svavyavasAyAtmakatA aura paravyavasAyAtmakatA donoM kA abhAva hone se pramANatA nahIM hai| 2. jJAnopayoga ko vizeSagrahaNa tathA sAkAra, savikalpaka aura vyavasAyAtmaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jabaki darzanopayoga sAmAnya avalokana yA sAmAnyagrahaNa rUpa tathA nirAkAra, nirvikalpaka aura avyavasAyAtmaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 3. darzanopayoga jJAnopayoga kI utpatti meM kAraNa hotA hai| 11. kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA, bandhatattva, pR. 62-63 12. jaina dharma-darzana eka samIkSAtmaka paricaya, baiMgalora, seTha-mUthA chaganamala meroriyala phAuNDezana, pR. 294

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[60] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 4. jJAnopayoga vidyamAna aura avidyamAna donoM prakAra ke padArthoM ke viSaya meM hotA hai jabaki darzanopayoga kevala vidyamAna padArthoM ke viSaya meM hI hotA hai| 5. jJAnopayoga meM padArtha pratibhAsa rUpa hotA hai jabaki darzanopayoga meM padArtha pratibimba rUpa hotA hai| 6. jIva ke darzanopayoga aura jJAnopayoga sambandhI Avaraka karma bhinna-bhinna haiM, tathA inake kSaya aura kSayopazama se inakA pRthaka-pRthaka vikAsa hotA hai| 7. cakSu Adi darzana darzanAvaraNIya karma kI prakRtiyA~ haiM, jabaki zraddhAna rUpa darzana darzanamohanIya se sambandha rakhatA hai, isalie donoM prakAra ke darzana alaga-alaga haiN| tathA ye donoM jJAna se bhinna haiN| kyoMki zraddhAnarUpa darzana hone para hI jJAna samyag jJAna kI zreNI meM AtA hai| jJAnopayoga aura darzanopayoga ke bheda jJAnopayoga ke ATha bheda haiM - jisameM pAMca jJAna rUpa haiM. yathA - matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryavajJAna aura kevalajJAna tathA tIna ajJAna rUpa haiM - mati ajJAna, zruta ajJAna aura vibhaMgajJAna (avadhi ajnyaan)| inakA vistAra se varNana prasaMgAnusAra kiyA jaayegaa| 1. Abhinibodhika jJAna - pAMca indriyA~ aura mana kI sahAyatA se yogya sthAna meM rahe hue padArtha ko jAnane vAlA jJAna Abhinibodhika jJAna kahalAtA hai isakA dUsarA nAma matijJAna hai| 2. zruta jJAna - pAMca indriyA~ aura mana kI sahAyatA se zabda se sambandhita artha ko jAnane vAle jJAna ko zruta jJAna kahate haiN| 3. avadhijJAna - indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA rUpI dravya ko maryAdApUrvaka jAnane vAlA jJAna avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai| 4 manaH paryavajJAna - ar3hAI dvIpa meM rahe hue saMjJI paMcendriya paryAptaka jIvoM ke mana dvArA cintita rUpI padArthoM ko jAnane vAlA jJAna manaH paryavajJAna kahalAtA hai| 5. kevala jJAna - kevalajJAnAvaraNIya karma ke samasta kSaya se utpanna hone vAlA jJAna kevalajJAna kahalAtA hai| yaha jJAna kSAyika jJAna hai| mithyAdRSTi meM mati, zruta aura avadhi ajJAna yA vibhaMga jJAna hotA hai| darzanopayoga ke cAra prakAra hote haiM - cakSudarzana, acakSudarzana, avadhidarzana aura kevldrshn| jinakA artha paM. baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya ke anusAra isa prakAra se hai - cakSudarzana - netra indriya dvArA padArtha ke niyata AkAra kA niyata AtmapradezoM meM pahu~ca jAnA cakSudarzana hai| acakSudarzana - netra indriya ko chor3akara zeSa sparzana, rasanA, nAsikA aura karNa ina cAroM indriyoM meM se kisI bhI indriya dvArA athavA mana dvArA apane-apane anurUpa padArtha ke niyata AkAroM kA niyata Atma-pradezoM meM pahu~ca jAnA acakSudarzana hai| avadhidarzana - indriya athavA mana kI sahAyatA ke binA hI rUpavAn (pudgala) padArtha ke AkAra kA niyata AtmapradezoM meM pahu~ca jAnA avadhidarzana hai| kevaladarzana - indriya athavA mana kI sahAyatA ke binA hI vizva ke samasta padArthoM ke AkAroM kA sarva AtmapradezoM meM pahu~canA kevaladarzana hai| pAMca jJAnoM ke naye nAmoM kA ullekha DaoN. sAgaramala jaina" ne kiyA hai, yathA - 1. anubhavAtmakajJAna (matijJAna), 2. bauddhika yA vimarzamUlaka jJAna (zrutajJAna), 3. aparokSa jJAna yA antardRSTyAtmakajJAna 13. sarasvatI varadaputra paM. bazIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandagraMtha, khaMDa 4, pR. 54 14. tattvArthasUtra 8.5, 6.11,14,15 15. tazlokavArtika 1.1.34 16. sarasvatI varadaputra paM. bazIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandagraMtha, khaMDa 4, pR. 15 17 jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga 1, pR. 217

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [61] (avadhijJAna), 4. AtmacetanatA (manaHparyavajJAna) aura 5. AtmasAkSAtkAra (kevljnyaan)| isI prakAra cakSu Adi cAra darzana ke nAma isa prakAra haiM - 1. pratyakSIkaraNa (cakSudarzana) 2. saMvedanA (acakSudarzana) 3. atIndriya-pratyakSa (avadhidarzana) aura 4. AtmAnubhUti (kevldrshn)| darzana aura jJAna meM pahale kauna? chadmastha ke jJAna aura darzana ke sambandha meM sabhI jaina dArzanika ekamata haiM ki pahale darzana aura bAda meM jJAna hotA hai| lekina kevalI ke jJAna aura darzana ke sambandha meM mukhya rUpa se tIna matAntara milate haiM - 1. darzana aura jJAna kramazaH hote haiM, 2. darzana aura jJAna yugapad hote haiM aura 3. darzana aura jJAna abhinna haiN| lekina anekAnta dRSTi se ina tInoM matoM meM bheda nahIM hai| vistAra se ina tInoM matoM kI samIkSA prasaMgAnusAra Age kevalajJAna ke prakaraNa meM kI jaayegii| jJAnopayoga mithyA kyoM? jJAnopayoga ke ATha bhedoM meM se tIna bheda (mati ajJAna, zruta ajJAna evaM vibhaMgajJAna) mithyA rUpa batAye haiM, lekina darzanopayoga ke cAra bhedoM meM se eka bhI bheda mithyA nahIM hai? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki darzana guNa ke prakaTa hone meM vikalpoM kA abhAva hotA hai arthAt usakA viveka-aviveka ke sAtha sIdhA sambandha nahIM hotA hai| parantu jJAna ke sAtha viveka-aviveka kA sambandha hotA hai, viveka yukta jJAna samyak jJAna hotA hai, viveka virodhI jJAna mithyAjJAna hotA hai| isalie jJAna samyak aura mithyA hotA hai| ajJAna kA sambandha darzanamohanIya se arthAt darzana va dRSTi se hai| jahA~ samyagdarzana hai, vahA~ jJAna hai aura jahA~ samyagdarzana kA abhAva hai, vahA~ ajJAna hai| mithyAjJAna (ajJAna) ke do artha hote haiM - jJAna kA abhAva aura mithyaajnyaan| jaba jJAna kA AvaraNa hotA hai, taba jJAna kA abhAva hotA hai| lekina jaba jJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama hotA hai aura sAtha hI mithyAtva mohanIya kA udaya hotA hai, to vaha jJAna mithyAjJAna kahalAtA hai| mithyAjJAna do prakAra ke hote haiM - jJAna kI apekSA mati Adi tIna ajJAna aura pramANa kI apekSA se saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya ye tInoM ajJAna rUpa haiN| __mati ajJAna aura zruta ajJAna meM saMzayAdi tIna tathA vibhaMgajJAna meM saMzaya ko chor3akara viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya ye do bheda ho sakate haiM, kyoMki vibhaMgajJAna meM indriyavyApAra nahIM hotA hai| kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA ke anusAra ajJAnAvaraNIya koI karma nahIM hai| mohanIya karma meM jitanI kamI hogI, utanA hI darzana va jJAna guNa kA vikAsa hotA hai| mohanIya karma kI kamI se, jJAna guNa kA Adara hone se jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazama hokara jJAna guNa kA vikAsa hotA hai| yahI jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA vikAsa mithyAtva ke kAraNa viparIta (viparyAsa) avasthA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| ise hI ajJAna kahA jAtA hai| ajJAna kA svataMtra astitva nahIM hai| ajJAna jJAna kA hI viparIta rUpa hai| ata: mithyAtvI kA jitanA jJAna bar3hatA hai, usakA yaha jJAna hI ajJAna kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| isIlie mithyAtvI ke jJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama ko hI ajJAna kA kSayopazama kahA jAtA hai| isa ajJAna meM se mithyAtva ko nikAla deM to vahI ajJAna jJAna kahalAtA hai| zrutajJAna ke jJAna rUpa hone se matijJAna va avadhijJAna jJAna rUpa hote haiN| zruta ke ajJAna rUpa hone se matijJAna va avadhijJAna, ajJAna rUpa hote haiN| indriya jJAna ke prabhAva se bhogecchA jAgRta hotI hai, bhogavatI buddhi isa prabhAva ko puSTa karatI hai, vahI mati ajJAna hai| vivekavatI buddhi isa prabhAva ko kSINa karatI hai, yaha matijJAna hai| 18. bandhatattva, pR. 93 19. bandhatattva, pR. 49 20. bandhatattva, pR. 44-46

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[62] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana samyagdRSTi ke jJAna aura mithyAdRSTi ke ajJAna kaise hotA hai? mithyAdRSTi kA sad-asad samAna nahIM hotA hai, usakA jJAna bhava kA hetu hotA hai, kyoMki jJAna kA phala virati hai, usakA mithyAdRSTi meM abhAva hotA hai| jabaki samyagdRSTi kA jJAna bhava hetu kA nAza karane vAlA hotA hai aura vaha jJAna ke phala virati ko prApta karatA hai, isalie samyagdRSTi ke jJAna hI hotA hai| sAtha hI Agama meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki jo eka ko jAnatA hai, vaha sabako jAnatA hai| jo sabako jAnatA hai, vaha eka ko bhI jAnatA hai| isa pramANa vAkya se samyagdRSTi sabhI vastuoM ko sarvamaya nahIM jAnatA hai, lekina vaha AcArAMga sUtra zraddhA rUpa bhAva se to jAnatA hai, usase hI vaha jJAnI kahalAtA hai| isalie vaha paramANu Adi sabhI vastu ko sva-para paryAya se sarvamaya mAnatA hai| usakI pratyeka paristhiti meM tIrthaMkara praNIta yathokta vastu ke svarUpa kI dRr3ha zraddhA hotI hai| isalie vaha hamezA jJAnI kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra samyagyadRSTi kA jJAna mokSa kA hetu aura mithyAdRSTi kA jJAna saMsAra kA hetu kisa prakAra hai isakI siddhi kI gaI hai| adhyAtma aura darzana meM jJAna kA svarUpa adhyAtma-zAstra meM jJAna kI yathArthatA aura ayathArthatA samyagdarzana para AdhArita hai| jisa AtmA meM samyagdarzana kA sadbhAva hai, usa AtmA kA jJAna samyagjJAna aura jisa AtmA meM samyagdarzana kA sadbhAva nahIM hotA hai, usakA jJAna mithyAjJAna hotA hai| samyagdarzana hI mukti kA hetu hotA hai, isake binA mithyAdRSTi saMsAra se mukta nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra jJAna AtmA kA guNa hai| samyagjJAna usakI zuddha aura mithyAjJAna azuddha paryAya hai| samyagdarzana ke sadbhAva aura abhAva para hI usakI zuddhatA aura azuddhatA AdhArita hai| darzanazAstra ke anusAra jJAna kA samyaktva jJeya kI yathArthatA para nirbhara hai| jisa jJAna meM jJeya padArtha apane sahI rUpa meM pratibhAsita hotA hai, vahI samyak jJAna hai| jJeya ko svarUpa se bhinna jAnane vAlA jJAna mithyAjJAna hotA hai| darzana zAstra meM samyagjJAna ko hI pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jJAna aura samyaktva meM bheda jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra jaise avagraha aura IhA sAmAnya avabodha ke kAraNa darzana hai aura apAya tathA dhAraNA vizeSa avabodha ke kAraNa jJAna hai, vaise hI tattvaviSayaka rUci - zraddhA samyaktva hai aura jisase jIva Adi tattvoM para zraddhA hotI hai, vaha jJAna hai| jJAna meM sva-para prakAzakatA isa prakAra jainadarzana meM yathArthabodha ko samyag jJAna kahA gayA hai evaM jIva kA sva-para ko jAnane kA guNa hI jJAna hai| jainadArzanikoM ke anusAra jJAna svaprakAzaka hokara hI kisI padArtha ko grahaNa karatA hai| jaina darzana meM jJAna ko svaparaprakAzaka kahA hai, dIpaka ghaTAdi padArthoM ko prakAzita karane ke sAtha hI apane ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai| use apane ko prakAzita karane ke lie dUsare dIpaka kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| vaha svayaM prakAza rUpa hotA hai| isI taraha jJAna bhI prakAzarUpa hai, jo sva ko prakAzita karane ke sAtha hI artha ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai| sva kA aura artha (padArtha) kA nizcayAtmaka jJAna hI jainadarzana meM pramANa mAnA gayA hai jo jJAna nizcayAtmaka nahIM hotA usakA 21. vizezAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 318-321 22. vizezAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 322-327 23. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 536 24. pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi, 1.15

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [63] pramANa honA jainadArzanikoM ko abhISTa nahIM hai| jainadarzana meM svapara-prakAzakatA prasiddha hai| AcArya kundakunda ne niyamasAra graMtha meM jJAna kI svapara-prakAzakatA kI prabala rUpa meM sthApanA kI hai| abhayadeva, vidyAnanda, akalaMka, hemacandra, prabhAcandra aura devasUri Adi samasta dArzanika jJAnAtmaka hone ke kAraNa pramANa meM svapara-prakAzakatA svIkAra karate haiN| jJAna prakAzaka rUpa hotA hai tathA viSaya ko jAnane ke sAtha hI apane viSaya ke grahaNarUpa svabhAva ko bhI jAnatA hai| para-saMvedana meM 'yaha paTa hai' tathA sva-saMvedana meM 'maiM isa paTa ko jAna rahA hU~' ye donoM pratyeka jJAna ke Avazyaka pakSa haiM tathA astitva kI dRSTi se paraspara sApekSa haiN| inameM se eka kA niSedha karane para dUsare kA kathana bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| jJAna ko kevala para-prakAzaka mAnane para usakA para-prakAzakatva siddha karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| kyoMki jaba taka viSaya bodha kA jJAna nahIM ho, viSaya ko 'jJAta' kisa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai| jaise jaba taka yaha jJAta nahIM ho ki 'paTa jJAta huA hai' taba taka paTa ko jJAta kisa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai? isI prakAra jJAna ko kevala svaprakAzaka mAnane para prakAzakatA kA niSedha bhI nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jJAna sadaiva apane se bhinna kisI artha ko jAnatA huA hI utpanna hotA hai| vaha hameM bAhya artha kA paricaya detA hai tathA jisa prakAra jJAna se bAhara jAkara bAhya artha ko siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA usI prakAra jJAna se bAhara jAkara bAhya artha kI sattA kA niSedha bhI nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jJAna kI prakAzakatA ke lie AcArya bhadrabAhu ne Avazyakaniyukti ke 'caturviMzatistava' adhyayana meM siddha meM ananta jJAna kahA hai, isalie paramAtmA kI stuti karate hue batAyA hai ki 'Aiccesu ahiyaM payAsayarA' arthAt Apa saiMkaDoM sUryoM se bhI adhika prakAza karane vAle haiN| tIrthaMkara AdinAtha (RSabhadeva) kI stuti karate hue mAnatuMgAcArya ne bhI kahA hai 'dIpo'paratvamasi nAtha ! jgtprkaashH|26 arthAt he bhagavan ! Apa sampUrNa saMsAra ke prakAzaka dIpaka haiM, prakaTa karane vAle haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ne mati Adi pAMca jJAnoM kA vibhinna prakAra se vibhAjana kiyA hai| jaina pramANamImAMsA kA adhyayana uparyukta pAMca jJAnoM ke AdhAra para hI kiyA gayA hai| ataH umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra meM uparyukta pAMca jJAnoM kA pratyakSa aura parokSa pramANa meM samAveza kiyA hai, jisameM prathama do jJAna ko parokSa aura zeSa tIna jJAnoM ko pratyakSa meM grahaNa kiyA hai| kAlakrama se jainadarzana kI pramANamImAMsA kA uttarottara vikAsa huA, jisameM jinabhadragaNi, akalaMka ne pratyakSa pramANa ke do bheda kie haiM - 1. sAMvyavahArikapratyakSa aura 2. paarmaarthikprtykss| parokSa pramANa ke pAMca bheda kie gae haiM - 1. smRti, 2. pratyabhijJAna, 3. tarka, 4. anumAna aura 5. aagm| sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke do bheda pratipAdita kie gaye-1. indriya pratyakSa aura 2. anindriya prtykss| ye donoM bheda avagraha, IhA, avAya evaM dhAraNA rUpa hote haiN| pAramArthika pratyakSa ke punaH tIna bheda kie gae - 1. avadhijJAna, 2. mana:paryavajJAna aura 3. kevljnyaan| isa prakAra jainasAhitya meM pAMca jJAnoM kA varNana mukhya rUpa se tIna, cAra aura sAta zailiyoM athavA bhUmikAoM meM prApta hotA hai, jo nimna prakAra se hai| 1. AgamikazailI - vaha vizuddha jJAna-carcA, jisameM jJAna ko kevala pAMca vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai, yathA matijJAna (Abhinibodhika jJAna), zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryava jJAna aura 25. zrI kundakundAcArya, 'niyamasAra' mumbaI-jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, pR. 161-171 26. bhaktAmara stotra, zloka 16 27. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya-sUtra 1.9 va 12

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[64] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana kevljnyaan| bhagavatIsUtra, sthAnAMgasUtra, rAjapraznIya sUtra, uttarAdhyayanasUtra tathA karmaviSayaka granthoM meM jJAna kI yaha carcA prApta hotI hai| 2. tarkazailI - pramANa ke AdhAra para jJAna kA varNana karanA tarkazailI hai| yaha zailI anuyogadvAra meM prApta hotI hai| anuyogadvAra meM pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura Agama ina cAra pramANoM meM pAMca jJAnoM kA samAveza kiyA hai| upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne jJAnabinduprakaraNa aura jainatarkabhASA meM navyanyAya ko AdhAra banAkara tarkazailI meM pAMca jJAnoM kA varNana kiyA hai| 3. darzanazailI - naMdIsUtra meM indriya se hone vAlA jJAna kA pratyakSa jJAna aura parokSa jJAna donoM meM samAveza karake anya darzanoM meM mAnya indriya-janya pratyakSa jJAna kA jaina darzanAnusAra samanvaya kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra naMdIsUtra meM pAMca jJAna kA varNana darzanazailI meM kiyA gayA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM bhI jinabhadragaNI ne dArzanika zailI meM jJAna kA varNana kiyA hai| isI prakAra kundakundAcArya ne pravacanasAra aura nimayasAra meM bhI pAMca jJAna kA varNana dArzanika zailI ke AdhAra para kiyA hai, lekina vaha kramabaddha rUpa se nahIM hai| 4. jJAna ko pratyakSa aura parokSa ke rUpa meM vibhAjita karake ina do bhedoM meM matyAdi pAMca jJAnoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra, Avazyakaniyukti aura tattvArthasUtra meM yaha carcA prApta hotI hai| ina cAra bhUmikAoM meM se prathama, tRtIya aura caturtha ina tIna bhUmikAoM (zailiyoM) kA paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaiNiyA ne 'Agama yuga kA jainadarzana' meM pramANa khaNDa (pR. 129-145), AcArya mahAprajJa dvArA sampAdita naMdI (pR. 245-250) aura DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA ne 'jaina dharma-darzana eka samIkSAtmaka paricaya' (pR. 248-252) meM cArTa Adi ke mAdhyama se vistAra se ullekha kiyA hai| uparyukta cAroM bhUmikAoM kA varNana jitendra bI. zAha ne 'jaina Agama-sAhitya' meM prakAzita zodhapatra 'sthAnAMga meM jJAna carcA'31 meM kiyA hai| sAta bhUmikA - paM. sukhalAlajI ne jJAnabinduprakaraNa paricaya ke pR. 5 para jJAnavikAsa kI sAta bhUmikAoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai,32 yathA 1. karmazAstrIya tathA Agamika, 2. niyuktigata 3. anuyogagata 4. tattvArthagata, 5. siddhasenIya 6. jinabhadrIya aura 7. aklNkiiy| isa prakAra jJAna ke vikAsa ke vibhinna prakAra ke krama yA mata rahe haiM, lekina sabhI mata aura krama mukhyataH jJAna ke mati Adi pAMca bhedoM para hI AdhArita haiN| mati Adi jJAnoM ke krama kA hetu pAMca jJAnoM meM matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryavajJAna aura kevalajJAna kA krama hai| yahA~ zaMkA hotI hai ki jJAna kA yahI krama kyoM hai? prastuta krama to alpa se sarvazreSTha kA hai, isase bhinna yA viparIta krama arthAt sarvazreSTha se alpa kA bhI ho sakatA hai, kyoMki kevalajJAna zeSa jJAnoM se sarvazreSTha jJAna hai| usako sarvaprathama rakhanA cAhie thaa| phira manaHparyavajJAna, avadhijJAna, zrutajJAna aura matijJAna isa prakAra viparIta krama honA cAhie thaa| jinabhadragaNi isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna dete hue kahate haiM ki matijJAna aura zrutajJAna svAmI, kAla kAraNa, viSaya aura parokSapane kI apekSA se samAna haiM, ata: sarvaprathama ina donoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| 28. bhagavatIsUtra za. 8 u. 2. pR. 251, sthAnAMgasUtra sthAna 2, uddezaka 1, uttarAdhyana sUtra a. 28 gA. 4, Agamayuga kA jaina darzana, pR. 128-129 29. anuyogadvArasUtra, pR. 360-361, 376 30. sthAnAMgasUtra sthA. 2, u. 1, Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 1 se 79 31. jaina Agama sAhitya, pR. 18-27 32. jJAnabinduprakaraNa, paricaya pR. 5 33. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 85

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [65] 1. svAmI ( adhikArI) - matijJAna aura zrutajJAna ke adhikArI samAna haiN| yaha cAroM gati ke jIvoM meM pAye jAte haiN| 2. kAla - eka jIva aura aneka jIvoM kI apekSA se matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kI sthiti samAna hai| 3. kAraNa - donoM jJAna apane-apane AvaraNa ke kSayopazama aura indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hote haiN| 4. viSaya - donoM kA viSaya sarvadravya hai| 5. parokSatva - indriya aura mana ke nimitta se hone ke kAraNa donoM parokSa haiN| 6. mati aura zruta hone para hI avadhi Adi zeSa jJAna hote haiN| isalie ina donoM ko sarvaprathama rakhA gayA hai| jinadAsagaNi ke mata se - mati aura zruta ko sarvaprathama rakhane kA yaha kAraNa hai ki ina donoM jJAnoM ke hone para hI zeSa jJAna saMbhava hai| donoM ke adhikArI tulya/samAna haiM, donoM kI sthiti samAna hai, donoM parokSa jJAna haiN| mati-zruta meM bhI mati pahale kyoM? mati aura zrutajJAna ko sarvaprathama rakhA, lekina usameM bhI mati ko hI pahale kyoM rakhA gayA? uttara - isake do kAraNa haiM - 1. zruta jJAna matipUrvaka hotA hai arthAt jIva ko pahale matijJAna hogA usake bAda zrutajJAna hogaa| isalie matijJAna ko pahale rakhA gayA hai| 2. indriya aura mana se hone vAlA zrutajJAna paropadeza va Agama vacana ke kAraNa viziSTatA ko prApta hotA huA matijJAna kA hI eka viziSTa bheda hai| isalie matijJAna ko sarvaprathama kahA gayA hai| matijJAna aura zrutajJAna meM antara ___ jo mana aura indriyoM se anubhava karake jAnA jAtA hai, usa dekhe hue aura jAne hue jJAna ko matijJAna kahA gayA hai| dekhe hue, jAne hue matijJAna se apane iSTa aura aniSTa kA, hita-ahita kA, heya-upAdeya kA jJAna karanA zrutajJAna hai| ataH zrutajJAna sabhI prANiyoM ko svataH prApta hai, yaha svayaMsiddha jJAna hai, isakI siddhi ke lie anya pramANa kI apekSA nahIM hotI hai|" mati aura zrutajJAna ke bAda cAra bAtoM meM sAdharmya hone se avadhijJAna ko rakhA gayA hai, yathA 1. kAla - eka jIva kI apekSA se jitanA kAla mati aura zruta kA hai, utanA hI kAla avadhijJAna kA hai| 2. viparyaya - mithyAtva kA udaya hone para mati aura zrutajJAna ajJAna meM badala jAte haiM, vaise hI avadhijJAna vibhaMgajJAna meM badala jAtA hai| 3. svAmitva - mati aura zruta jJAna kA svAmI hI avadhi kA svAmI hotA hai| 4. lAbha - kisI ko kabhI tInoM jJAna eka sAtha prApta ho jAte haiM jinadAsagagaNi ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai| avadhijJAna ke bAda manaHparyavajJAna rakhane kA kAraNa batAte hue jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki donoM jJAna chadmastha jIva ko hote haiM, donoM jJAnoM kA viSaya rUpI dravya hai, donoM kSAyopazamika jJAna haiM, ata: chadmasthatA, viSaya aura bhAva kI samAnatA hote hue bhI avadhijJAna ke bAda manaHparyavajJAna kA ullekha karane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki avadhijJAna se mana:paryavajJAna zreSTha hai| isa zreSThatA ke do kAraNa haiM - 1. avadhijJAna kA viSaya sarva rUpI padArtha haiN| isa dRSTi se sampUrNa loka ke rUpI-dravya avadhijJAna ke viSaya banate haiM tathA zakti kI dRSTi se to aloka bhI avadhijJAnI kA viSaya bana 34. maladhArI hemacandra gAthA 85 kI TIkA kA bhAvArtha 35. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 22 37. kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA, bandha tattva, pR. 16 39. naMdIcUrNi pR. 22 36. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 86 38. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 87 40. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 87

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[66] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana hA sakatA hai| jabaki mana:paryavajJAna kA viSaya kevala manovargaNA ke pudgala paramANu taka sImita hai| loka meM manovargaNA ke pudagala paramANuoM kA pramANa itanA atyalpa hai ki sarvAvadhijJAna ke anantaveM bhAga jitanA viSaya mana:paryavajJAna kA hai| isa prakAra viSaya kI dRSTi se avadhijJAna bar3A hai, parantu svarUpa kI dRSTi se manaHparyavajJAna zreSTha aura sUkSma hai, kyoMki manaHparyavajJAnI apane viSaya ke aneka guNa paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai| isalie manaHparyavajJAna kA viSaya bahuta choTA hone para bhI adhika sUkSma hai aura adhika zuddha hai, ata: mana:paryavajJAna zreSTha hai| 2. avadhijJAna janma se bhI ho sakatA hai jaise deva, nArakI aura tIrthaMkara meM, lekina manaHparyavajJAna janma se nahIM hotA, viziSTa saMyama kI ArAdhanA se arthAt saMyama kI vizuddhi se hI vaha utpanna hotA hai| tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ko bhI janma se mana:paryavajJAna nahIM hotA hai| ve jaba dIkSita hote haiM tabhI unheM mana:paryavajJAna hotA hai| isa apekSA se bhI avadhijJAna se mana:paryavajJAna zreSTha hai evaM vizuddhi, kSetra, svAmI aura viSaya kI dRSTi se bhI avadhijJAna aura mana:paryavajJAna meM bheda hai, jisakA varNana Age kreNge| uparyukta kAraNoM se hI avadhijJAna ke bAda mana:paryavajJAna ko rakhA gayA hai| manaHparyavajJAna ke bAda kevalajJAna ko rakhane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki mana:paryavajJAna ke samAna kevalajJAna kA svAmI apramatta muni hotA hai evaM kevalajJAna kI prApti anya sabhI jJAnoM se bar3hakara hai| isalie sabase bAda meM kevalajJAna kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| jinadAsagagaNi ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai| isalie ina paMcavidha jJAna kA yahI krama AgamakAroM aura TIkAkAroM ko iSTa hai| ata: jahAM bhI jJAna sambandhita ullekha huA hai, vahA~ para jJAna kA yahI krama diyA hai| prazna - kevalajJAna hone ke bAda pUrva ke matijJAna, zrutajJAna Adi jJAnoM kA kyA hotA hai ? chUTa jAte haiM, yA kevalajJAna meM vilaya ho jAte haiM ? uttara - kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki kevala jJAna hone para zeSa cAra jJAnoM kA usameM samAveza ho jAtA hai| lekina aisA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki matijJAna Adi cAroM jJAna kSAyopazamika bhAva meM haiM aura kevalajJAna kSAyika bhAva meM haiN| ata: kevalajJAna hote hI cAroM jJAna chUTa jAte haiN| jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke varNana meM kevalajJAna kI vyAkhyA karate hue TIkAkAra kahate haiM ki - "kevalamasahAyaM-naTuMmi u chAumathie naanne|''43 tathA prajJApanA sUtra ke 29 veM pada meM kevalajJAna kI vyAkhyA karate hue TIkAkAra kahate haiM ki - kevalaM-ekaM matyAdijJAnanirapekSatvAt, "naTuMmi u chAumathie nANe" (naSTe tu chAmasthike jJAne) iti vacanAt zuddhaM vA kevalaM tadAvaraNamalakalaMkavigamAt saMkalaM vA kevalaM prathamata evAzeSatadAvaraNIya vigatamaH ityAdi pramANoM se cAra jJAna kA chUTanA spaSTa hai| matijJAna evaM mati ajJAna meM antara vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM bhASyakAra jinabhadragaNi ne naMdIsUtra ke AdhAra se kahA hai ki 'mati' matijJAna aura mati-ajJAna rUpa hai| kintu vaha matijJAna samyakdRSTi ke hone para matijJAna aura mithyAdRSTi ke hone para mati-ajJAna kahA jAtA hai| isI prakAra zrutajJAna ke sambandha meM bhI samajha lenA caahie| 41. tattha davvao NaM ohiNANI jahaNNeNaM aNaMtANi rUvidavvAI jANai pAsai, ukkoseNaM savvAI rUvidavvAI jANai pAsai / khettao ___NaM ohiNANI jahaNNeNaM aMgulassa asaMkhejjAiM aloe loyamettAI khaMDAI jANai paasi| -yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 41 42. naMdIcUrNi pR. 22 43. jaMbUdvIpaprajJaptivRtti, vakSaskAra 2, pR. 150 44. prajJApanA vRtti, pada 29, pR. 238

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [67] zaMkA - jisa prakAra samyagdRSTi matijJAnI aura zrutajJAnI ghaTAdi padArtha ko jAnatA hai aura pravRtti karatA hai vaise hI mithyAdRSTi bhI padArthoM ko jAnatA hai aura vyavahAra karatA hai| vizeSa kyA hai? jisase mithyAdRSTi ke jJAna ko ajJAna rUpa mAnA gayA hai| samAdhAna - mithyAdRSTi kA jJAna satasat ke viveka se rahita, vaha jJAna bhava-bhamraNa kA hetu, svataMtra pravRtti vAlA aura jJAna ke pAramArthika (mokSa) phala se rahita hai, isalie mithyAdRSTi kA vyavahAra samyagdRSTi kI taraha hote hue bhI usake jJAna ko ajJAna rUpa hI mAnA gayA hai| naMdITIkA meM ullekha hai ki samyagdRSTi kI mati, matijJAna hI hogI, kyoMki 1. vaha samyagdRSTitva ke sparza se pavitra huI hai, 2. jinAgama ke abhyAsa se asAdhAraNa huI hai, 3. svarUpa se adhika yathArtha huI hai 4. Adi se anta taka virodha rahita-eka samAna hai| 5. samyak anekAntavAda yukta haiM, 6. samasaMvegAdi meM pravRtta karatI hai, 7. ahiMsAdi cAritra ko utpanna karatI hai, 8. bhava viccheda meM nimitta banatI hai aura 9. karma kSaya kara mokSa prApti meM kAraNabhUta banatI hai| mithyAdRSTi kI mati, mati ajJAna hI hogI, kyoMki 1. vaha mithyAdRSTitva ke sparza se malina hai 2. kuzAstra ke abhyAsa se tuccha hai, 3. svarUpa se prAyaH ayathArtha hai, 4. pUrvApara virodha yukta hai, 5. ekAMtavAda athavA dUSita anekAMta vAda yukta hai, 6. saMsAra ruci utpanna karatI hai, 7. hiMsAdi meM pravRtta karatI hai, 8. bhava vRddhi kA kAraNa banatI hai aura 9. saMsAra paribhramaNa meM nimittabhUta hotI hai| uparyukta kathana kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jJAna kA phala ajJAna kI nivRtti aura nirvANa pada kI prApti tathA AdhyAtmika sukhoM kA anubhava karAnA hai, isalie samyagdRSTi jIva ke matijJAna aura zrutajJAna donoM hI mArga pradarzaka hote haiN| mithyAdRSTi ke matiajJAna aura zrutaajJAna donoM jIvana bhraSTa karane vAle evaM apane tathA dUsaroM ke lie ahitakara hI hote haiM arthAt mithyAdRSTi meM jJAna ke phala rUpa virati kA abhAva hotA hai, isalie usake jJAna ko ajJAna kahA gayA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa dvArA sampAdita naMdI meM isa viSaya para naMdIcUrNi kA Azraya lete hue tIna prazna upasthita kiye gae haiM ki -1. jJAna aura ajJAna donoM kA kAraNa samAna hai, kyoMki donoM kSayopazama bhAva se hote haiM, 2. jJAna aura ajJAna donoM kA kArya bhI samAna hai, kyoMki donoM ghaTAdi kA jJAna karate haiM, 3. zabda Adi indriya viSayoM ko upalabdha karane meM donoM kI samAnatA hai| isa sthiti meM jJAna aura ajJAna kA bheda karane kA kyA kAraNa hai? isakA uttara dete hue umAsvAti kahate haiM ki - mithyAdarzana ke kAraNa jIva ekAMta rUpa se sat-asat kA viveka nahIM kara sakatA hai| ataH usakA ekAMtazrayI jJAna ajJAna rUpa hI hotA hai|48 upalakSaNa se avadhijJAna, avadhi ajJAna Adi meM bhI antara avizeSita avadhi, avadhijJAna bhI ho sakatA hai aura avadhi ajJAna (vibhaMga jJAna) bhii| para vizeSita avadhi-samyagdRSTi kI avadhi, avadhijJAna hI hogI aura mithyAdRSTi kI avadhi, avadhi ajJAna (vibhaMgajJAna) hI hogii| pA~ca jJAnoM meM mati, zruta aura avadhi-ye tInoM hI jJAna aura ajJAna-yoM donoM rUpa meM ho sakate haiM, kyoMki ye tInoM, samyagdRSTi aura mithyAdRSTi-donoM meM pAye jAte haiN| para mana:paryavajJAna aura kevalajJAna, ye donoM jJAna rUpa hI hote haiM, kyoMki ye donoM samyagdRSTi meM hI pAye jAte haiM, mithyAdRSTi meM nhiiN| 45. naMdIsUtra, pR. 71, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 114-115 evaM TIkA 46. malayagiri pR. 143 47. AcArya mahAprajJa, naMdIsUtra, pR. 92 48. sadasatoravizeSAd ydRcchoplbdherunmttvt| -tattvArthasUtra 1.33

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[68] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana zruta ajJAna aura jJAna - matijJAna se jina viSayoM ko jAnA hai, unakA sunanA, dikhanA, khAnA, pInA Adi viSayo ke bhoga meM hI sukha hai, sukha indriya aura mana se saMbaMdhita bhoga bhogane se hI milatA hai, bhogoM kA sukha hI jIvana hai, bhogya padArtha sundara, sthAyI va sukhada hai| isa sukha ke binA jIvana vyartha hai, ataH bhogoM ke sukha ko surakSita rakhanA va saMvardhana karanA mithyAtva hai| isa mithyAtva yukta zrutajJAna ko zrutaajJAna kahA hai| athavA mithyAtva ke kAraNa indriyoM ke bhogoM kI parAdhInatA ko svAdhInatA samajhanA zrutaajJAna hai| zrutaajJAna ke kAraNa avadhijJAna meM bhI jina rUpI padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai unake prati bhI kAmanA, mamatA, rAga-dveSa Adi paidA hote haiM, isaliye vaha vibhaMgajJAna hai| ekendriya meM acakSudarzana kaise - ekendriyoM meM bhI jIva hote haiM, jIva kA lakSaNa cetanA (upayoga) hotA hai| vaha upayoga sAkAra aura anAkAra do prakAra kA hai| ekendriya ke eka sparzanendriya hI hotI hai| ataH sparzanendriya kA sAmAnya upayoga acakSudarzana aura vizeSa upayoga mati-zruta ajJAna hotA hai| avyakta cetanA hone se isakA yaha sAmAnya vizeSa upayoga hamArI indriyA~ grahaNa nahIM kara pAtI hai| vanaspati se zeSa cAroM indriyoM kI cetanA manda hone se vaijJAnikayaMtra bhI use nahIM pakar3a pAte haiN| bhagavatI sUtra zataka 19 uddezaka 3 meM pRthvIkAya ko AkrAnta karane (dabAne) se evaM zeSa kAyoM kA saMghaTTA (sparza) karane se unako vRddhi vyakti ke mastaka para javAna apanI pUrI zakti lagAkara donoM mukkoM se mAra karane para jo vedanA hotI usase bhI (una jIvoM ko) adhika vedanA hotI hai| yaha vedanA kI anubhUti acakSudarzana aura mati-zruta ajJAna meM antarbhAvita hotI hai| Agama meM pRthvIkAya kI cetanA ko spaSTa karane vAlA yaha udAharaNa pAyA jAtA hai| jJAnI aura ajJAnI meM antara jJAnI bhI jAnatA hai aura ajJAnI bhI jAnatA hai, kintu donoM kI dRSTi meM evaM AcAraNa meM antara hotA hai| isa antara ko saMkSepa meM yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai - jJAnI -1. jJAnI prAya: vartamAna meM jIne vAlA hotA hai, 2. jJAnI ko padArtha meM moha, mamatA, tRSNAdi ko ucita nahIM mAnatA haiM, 3. jJAnI ko jo dikhatA hai usameM Asakta nahIM hokara nahIM dekhane vAlI kI AtmA kA vicAra karatA hai, 4. jJAnI prAyaH ArtadhyAna, raudradhyAna nahIM karatA hai, 5. jJAnI nivRti ke lakSya se pravRti karatA hai aura viveka sahita hotA hai, 6. jJAnI saMsAra ke prapaMcoM se chUTa kara Atma-kalyANa kara sakatA hai| ajJAnI - 1. ajJAnI prAyaH bhUta/bhaviSya kA ciMtana karatA rahatA hai, 2. ajJAnI para meM moha mamatAdi rakhatA hai, 3. ajJAnI jo dikhatA hai, usameM ekAkAra hotA hai aura AtmA kA vicAra hI nahIM karatA hai, 4. ajJAnI ArtadhyAna aura raudradhyAna karake naye karmoM kA bandha karatA hai, 5. ajJAnI Asakta banakara pravRti karatA hai aura viveka bhI nahIM rakhatA hai, 6. ajJAnI saMsAra ke prapaMcoM se chUTa nahIM sakatA hai| pratyakSa-parokSa jJAna prAcInakAla meM jJAna ke pAMca prakAra hI nirUpita haiN| rAjapraznIya sUtra meM kezIkumAra zramaNa rAjA pradezI se kahate haiM ki hama zramaNa nirgrantha pAMca prakAra ke jJAna mAnate haiM - AbhinibodhikajJAna, 49. kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA, bandha tattva, pR. 9, 19 50. bandha tattva, pR.1

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [69] zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryavajJAna aura kevalajJAna ye kezIzramaNa bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke zramaNa the| unhoMne jina pAMca jJAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, vaisA hI ullekha bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI kI paramparA meM bhI prApta hotA hai| uttarAdhyanasUtra ke 23veM adhyayana meM kezI aura gautama kA saMvAda hai| isameM donoM paramparA meM prApta matabhedoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| lekina isa carcA meM tattvajJAna sambandhI koI ullekha nahIM hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki donoM paramparAoM meM paMcajJAna kI avadhAraNA meM koI matabheda nahIM thaa| lekina uttarakAla meM paMcajJAna pratyakSa aura parokSa ke rUpa meM vibhakta kiye gaye haiN| pramANa ke sAtha pratyakSa zabda kA prayoga to prAya: sabhI darzanoM meM upalabdha hotA hai, lekina pramANa ke sAtha parokSa kA prayoga jaina darzana ke alAvA anya darzanoM meM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ne sAmAnya rUpa se jJAna ko do vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai - pratyakSa aura prokss| indriya aura padArtha ke sannikarSa se hone vAlA jJAna pratyakSa kahalAtA hai tathA kisI anya jJAna kI sahAyatA se hone vAlA padArtha kA jJAna parokSa kahA jAtA hai| jaina dArzanika bhI jJAna ke uparyukta bhedoM ko svIkAra karate haiN| lekina ve indriya aura padArtha ke sannikarSa se hone vAle jJAna ko pratyakSa nahIM mAnakara indriya aura mana ke sahayoga ke binA AtmA se hone vAle jJAna ko pratyakSa kI koTi meM svIkAra karate haiM tathA indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se utpanna hone vAle samasta jJAna ko parokSa mAnate haiN| jJAna ke ina do vibhAgoM kA ullekha uttarakAla meM tattvArthasUtra, naMdIsUtra Adi meM milatA hai| paM. sukhalAlajI ne jJAna vikAsa kI sAta bhUmikAoM kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki "dUsarI bhUmikA vaha hai jo prAcIna niyukti bhAga meM, lagabhaga vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI taka meM siddha huI jAna par3atI hai| isameM darzanAntara ke abhyAsa kA thor3A sA asara avazya jAna par3atA hai| kyoMki prAcIna niyukti meM matijJAna ke lie mati aura Abhinibodha zabda ke alAvA saMjJA, prajJA, smRti Adi aneka paryAyavAcI zabdoM kI jo vRddhi dekhI jAtI hai aura paMcavidha jJAna kA jo pratyakSa aura parokSa rUpa se vibhAga dekhA jAtA hai, vaha darzanAntarIya abhyAsa kA hI sUcaka hai|''55 umAsvAti ke alAvA naMdIsUtrakAra, siddhasena, kundakundAcArya ne jJAna ke pratyakSa aura parokSa ye do bheda kiye, lekina unakA sambandha pramANa ke sAtha nahIM jor3A hai| vahIM umAsvAti ne pAMca jJAnoM ko do pramANoM meM vibhakta karate hue mati aura zrutajJAna ko parokSa pramANa tathA avadhijJAna, mana:paryavajJAna aura kevalajJAna ko pratyakSa pramANa batAyA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne bhI pAMca jJAnoM ko parokSa aura pratyakSa meM vibhakta kiyA hai|" pratyakSa-parokSa kA lakSaNa AcArya kundakunda ne pravacanasAra meM kahA hai ki para kI sahAyatA se jo padArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai, vaha parokSa hai aura para kI sahAyatA ke binA kevala AtmA ke dvArA jo padArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai, vaha pratyakSa hai| yahA~ 'para' kA artha indriya kiyA hai| 51. rAjapraznIyasUtra, sU. 241 pR. 160 52. bhagavatIsUtra za. 8. u. 2 53. AcArya mahAprajJa, naMdI, pR. 51 54. Adye prokssm| prtykssmnyt| - tattvArtha sUtra 1. 11 evaM 12, 'taM jahA-paccakkhaM ca parokkhaM c|' - naMdIsUtra pR. 26 55. jJAnabindu prakaraNam, paricaya, pR.5 56. nyAyAvatAra, kArikA 1 57. pravacanasAra, 1.58 58. tattvArthasUtra, a. 1 sUtra 9, 10, 11. 12 59. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 88 60. pravacanasAra, adhyayana 1, gAthA 56-58

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[70] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana amRtacandrasUri ke vacanAnusAra - indriya aura mana kI apekSA se mukta tathA doSoM se rahita padArtha kA savikalpajJAna pratyakSa hai| gRhIta athavA agRhIta para kI pradhAnatA se jo padArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai, vaha parokSa hai| pUjyapAda ke mantavyAnusAra - matijJAnAvaraNa aura zrutajJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama kI apekSA rakhane vAle AtmA ke indriya aura mana tathA prakAza aura upadezAdika bAhya nimitta kI apekSA matijJAna aura zrutajJAna utpanna hote haiM, ataH ye parokSa kahalAte haiN| 'pratyakSamanyat' pratyakSa zabda prati+akSa se banA hai| yahA~ akSa zabda kA vyutpattilabhya artha 'akSNoti vyApnoti janAtItyakSa AtmA' akSa, vyApa aura jJA ye dhAtueM ekArthaka haiM, ata: akSa kA artha AtmA hotA hai| isa prakAra kSayopazama vAle yA AvaraNa rahita kevala AtmA ke prati jo niyata hai, arthAt jo jJAna bAhya indriyAdi kI apekSA se nahIM mAtra kSayopazama vAlI yA AvaraNa rahita AtmA se hotA hai, vaha pratyakSa jJAna kahalAtA hai| bRhatkalpabhASya ke kathanAnusAra - akSa kA artha hai - jiiv| usake prati pravartita hone vAlA jJAna pratyakSa hai| (AtmA se hone vAlA jJAna pratyakSa hai|) jo akSa se parataH jJAna hotA hai, vaha parokSa hai| (indriya aura mana se hone vAlA jJAna parokSa hai|)64 jinabhadragaNi aura jinadAsagaNi ke anusAra - jo jJAnAtmA se sabhI arthoM, padArthoM meM vyApta hotA hai, vaha akSa/jIva hai| akSa dvArA hone vAlA jJAna pratyakSa hai| yaha anindriya jJAna hai| AtmA amUrta hai, kyoMki yaha apaudgalika hai| dravya indriyAM aura dravya mana paudgalika hone se mUrta hai| amUrta se mUrta pRthak (para) hai| ataH dravyendriyoM aura mana ke mAdhyama se jo mati-zruta jJAna hotA hai, vaha dhUma se hone vAle agnijJAna ke samAna parinimittaka hone se parokSa hai| bhAvendriya ke kAraNa indriyajJAna ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahA gayA hai| paramArthataH yaha parokSa hai, kyoMki dravyendriyAM para haiM aura bhAvendriyAM dravyendriyoM ke adhIna hai| AvazyakacUrNi meM kahA hai ki indriyoM kI sahAyatA ke binA AtmA svayaM jisase jJeya ko jAnatI hai, vaha pratyakSa jJAna hai| maladhArI hemacandra ne bhASya kI TIkA meM spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki jo samasta padArthoM kA pAlana/rakSaNa aura upayoga karatA hai, vaha akSa jIva hai| sAkSAt akSa se hone vAlA jJAna pratyakSa hai| jo jJAna sAkSAt AtmA se nahIM, para se hotA hai, vaha parokSa hai| yaha indriya aura mana ke nimitta se hone vAlA jJAna hai| malayagiri ke anusAra indriya aura mana se nirapekSa kevala AtmA se hone vAlA jJAna pratyakSa hai| rAjavArtika meM akalaMka ne ullekha kiyA hai ki - jo jJAna apane hone meM indriya, mana, prakAza aura upadeza Adi kI pradhAna rUpa se apekSA rakhatA hai, vaha parokSa jJAna kahalAtA hai|" jaiseki jisa manuSya meM gamana karane kI zakti hai, lekina vRddhAvasthA meM yaSTi Adi ke sahAre ke binA gamana nahIM kara sakatA hai, ataH yahA~ gamana kriyA meM yaSTi Adi pradhAna rUpa se sahakArI haiM, vaise hI 61. tattvArthasAra, prathama adhikAra, gAthA 16-17 pR. 6 63. sarvArthasiddhi 1.12 pR. 73 65. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 89-90, naMdIcUrNi pR. 23 67. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 89-90 kI TIkA 69. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.11.6 62. sarvArthasiddhi, 1.11 pR. 72 64. bRhatkalpabhASya, gAthA 24 66. AvazyakacUrNi 1. pR. 7 68. Avazyaka malayagiri vRti pR. 16

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [71] matijJAnAvaraNa aura zrutajJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se jisa AtmA meM jAnane kI zakti hai, paraMtu iMdriya Adi uparyukta kAraNoM kI sahAyatA ke binA vaha padArthoM ke jJAna meM asamartha hai, ataH usake jJAna meM bhI indriyAdi pradhAna sahakArI haiN| isa prakAra apanI utpatti meM matijJAna aura zrutajJAna iMdriya aura mana Adi kI apekSA rakhane ke kAraNa parAdhIna hai, isIliye donoM parokSa haiN| jo jJAna cakSu Adi iMdriya aura mana kI apekSA ke binA ho, vyabhicAra se rahita ho evaM savikalpaka ho vaha jJAna pratyakSa kahalAtA hai| hemacandra ne pramANamImAMsA meM pratyakSa kI paribhASA isa prakAra dI hai -'vizada: pratyakSaM' - vizada arthAt spaSTa jJAna pratyakSa pramANa hai arthAt jo jJAna vizada aura samyak artha nirNaya rUpa hotA hai, vaha pratyakSa jJAna kahalAtA hai| 'avizadaH parokSam' arthAt padArtha kA jo samyak nirNaya avizada ho arthAt jisa jJAna meM 'idampa ' kA pratibhAsa na ho vaha parokSa jJAna hai|" isa prakAra sabhI jainAcAryoM ne mana aura indriya kI sahAyatA ke binA AtmA se hone vAle jJAna ko pratyakSa jJAna ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai, tathA inakI sahAyatA se hone vAle jJAna ko parokSa mAnA hai| parokSa jJAna ___ mana aura indriya kI sahAyatA se jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha parokSa jJAna kahalAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM dravya indriya, dravya mana, dravya zruta-zravaNa yA dravya zruta paThana Adi kI sahAyatA se rUpI yA arUpI, dravya guNa yA paryAya vizeSa ko jAnanA-'parokSa jJAna' hai| parokSa jJAna ke do bheda isa prakAra haiM - 1. Abhinibodhika jJAna aura 2. shrutjnyaan| ina donoM jJAnoM se jJeya ko sAkSAt nahIM jAnA jAtA hai, isalie inheM parokSa mAnA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra - vaizeSikadarzana ke anusAra akSa kA artha indriya hotA hai aura unase (indriyoM se) hone vAlA jJAna hI pratyakSa hai, zeSa jJAna parokSa hai| bhASyakAra ne isa mata kA khaNDana karate hue kahA hai ki indriyA~ ghaTa ke samAna acetana hotI haiM, jisase ve padArtha ko nahIM jAnatI (jJAna) haiN| ata: indriyajJAna pratyakSa nahIM ho sakatA hai| zaMkA - pratyeka prANI indriyoM ke mAdhyama se padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai, jisase use arthopalabdhi hotI hai, yaha anubhavapratyakSa hone se prasiddha hI hai, isalie indriyAM nahIM jAnatI haiM, ApakA isa prakAra kahanA pratyakSa viruddha hai| punaH bhASyakAra isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra ghara ke gavAkSa (khir3akI) meM se dekhe gaye padArthoM kI smRti usa gavAkSa ke haTane yA banda hone ke bAda bhI jisane una padArthoM ko dekhA hai, usameM hotI hai| usI prakAra indriyoM se utpanna hue jJAna kI smRti AtmA meM indriyoM ke naSTAdi hone para bhI hotI hai| yadi indriyA~ hI jJAtA hotI to una (indriyoM) ke naSTa hone para AtmA ko jJAna nahIM honA cAhie, lekina hotA hai| ataH AtmA hI jAnatI hai, indriyA~ nhiiN| mati aura zrutajJAna kI parokSarUpatA indriya aura mana ke nimitta se jo AtmA ko jJAna hotA hai, vaha parokSa hai, kyoMki usameM saMzaya, viparyaya, anadhyavasAya Adi ho sakate haiN| jaise pUrva upalabdha saMbaMdha kI smRti ke kAraNa utpanna hone vAlA anumAna jJAna parokSa hai, vaise hI mati aura zrutajJAna bhI para arthAt indriya aura mana ke nimitta se utpanna hote haiM, isalie ve parokSa haiN| 70. iMdriyAniMdriyAnapekSamatItavyabhicAraM sAkAragrahaNaM prtykssN| - tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.12.1 71. pramANamImAMsA 1.13, 1.2.1 72. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 97 73. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 90-92 aura bRhadvRtti

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[72] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana saMvyavahAra pratyakSa - zaMkA - indriya aura mana ke nimitta se hone vAle jJAna ko Apane jo parokSa kahA hai, vaha AgamAnusAra nahIM hai, kyoMki Agama meM pratyakSa do prakAra kA hai - indriya pratyakSa aura noindriya prtykss| samAdhAna - ApakA kahanA sahI hai, lekina Agama meM jo indriyajJAna ko pratyakSa kahA hai vaha mAtra vyavahAra pratyakSa kI apekSA se hai, kyoMki hetu (liMga) ke binA indriya aura mana ke dvArA vastu kA jo sAkSAtkAra rUpa jJAna hotA hai, vaha indriyAdi kI apekSA se pratyakSa hone se, mAtra loka vyavahAra kI apekSA se pratyakSa kahA gayA hai| lekina paramArtha kI apekSA se parokSa hai, kyoMki anumAna jJAna arthAta hetu (liMga) se hone vAlA laiMgika jJAna ekAnta rUpa se parokSa hai| ata: bAhya hetu, indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA hone vAle avadhi Adi tIna jJAna ekAnta rUpa se pratyakSa haiM aura indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hone vAlA jJAna sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa hai| isI sAMvyavahArika pratyakSatA ko dRSTi meM rakha kara Agama meM bhI ise 'indriya-pratyakSa' kahA gayA hai| zaMkA - noindriya pratyakSa meM no pada ekadeza kA vAcaka hai aura mana cUMki indriya-ekadeza hai, isalie no-indriya kA artha mana hai, ata: isa apekSA se noindriya (manonimittaka) jJAna pratyakSa hai to use Apane kisa apekSA se parokSa kahA hai| samAdhAna - bhASyakAra samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM ki - 1. jJAna ke prasaMga meM no zabda sarvaniSedha vAcaka hai na ki ekadeza vAcaka ataH noindriya kA artha hai sarvathA prakAra se indriya kA abhAva arthAt sAkSAt AtmA se hone vAlA pratyakSa jJAna hI noindriya pratyakSa jJAna hai| jisake tIna bheda haiM - avadhijJAna, mana: paryavajJAna aura kevljnyaan| 2. manonimittaka jJAna ko hI pratyakSa mAnA jAya to siddhoM ke pratyakSa jJAna kA abhAva mAnanA par3egA,jo ki ucita nahIM hai, isa prakAra ke hetuoM kA ullekha maladhArI hemacandra ne apanI TIkA meM kiyA hai| jisake niSkarSa rUpa meM aisA kaha sakate haiM ki indriya aura mana se utpanna hone vAlA jJAna paranimittaka hone se parokSa hai| vaha jJAna mati va zruta meM antarbhUta hone se bhI paramArthataH parokSa hote hue bhI sAMvyavahArika dRSTi se vaha pratyakSa hai| svayaM jinabhadragaNi isakA ullekha karate hue kahate haiM ki indriya aura mana ke mAdhyama se hone vAlA jJAna bhI anumAna se bhinna nahIM hai| kintu isameM dhUma Adi anya liMga yA nimitta kI apekSA nahIM rahatI, isalie iMdriya manojJAna ko upacAra se pratyakSa jJAna kahA hai| isa prakAra jinabhadragaNi aura maladhArI hemacandra ne pratyakSa aura parokSa ke lakSaNa karate hue mati aura zrutajJAna ko parokSa siddha karate hue anya darzanoM kI mAnyatA kA khaNDana kiyA hai| jJAna ke pratyakSa aura parokSa bheda karane kA kAraNa paM. baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya kA kathana hai ki jJAna ke pratyakSa aura parokSa bheda karane kA Azaya una-una jJAnoM kI parAdhInatA aura svAdhInatA batAnA mAtra hai, ise svarUpakathana nahIM samajhanA caahie| isa prakAra pratyakSa aura parokSa ke ukta lakSaNa karaNAnuyoga kI vizuddha AdhyAtmika dRSTi se kahe gaye haiM, lekina svarUpa kA kathana karane vAlA jo dravyAnuyoga hai, usakI apekSA se jisa jJAna meM padArtha kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai, vaha pratyakSa aura jisa jJAna meM padArtha kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM hotA hai, vaha parokSa jJAna hai arthAt jahA~ padArtha darzana ke sadbhAva meM padArtha kA jJAna hotA hai, padArtha kA yaha sAkSAtkAra pratyakSa jJAna hai| jahA~ padArtha darzana ke binA hI padArtha kA jJAna hotA hai, padArtha kA yaha asAkSAtkAra parokSa jJAna hai| pratyakSa aura parokSa ke ina lakSaNoM ke anusAra padArtha darzana ke sadbhAva meM hone ke kAraNa avagraha, 74. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 93-95 aura maladhArI kI bRhadvRtti kA bhAvArtha 75. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 471

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [73] IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ye cAroM matijJAna tathA avadhijJAna, mana:paryavajJAna aura kevalajJAna ye pratyakSa haiM aura zeSa smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka aura anumAna ye cAroM matijJAna tathA zrutajJAna parokSa haiN| avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ye cAroM matijJAna kathaMcit pratyakSa aura kathaMcit parokSa haiM kyoMki ye cAroM jJAna cakSudarzana athavA acakSudarzana rUpa padArtha darzana ke sadbhAva meM hI utpanna hote haiM, isalie svarUpa kA kathana karane vAle dravyAnuyoga kI dRSTi se to ye pratyakSa haiM aura ye indriya athavA mana kI sahAyatA se hI utpanna huA karate haiM, ata: karaNAnuyoga kI vizuddha AdhyAtmika dRSTi se parokSa bhI haiN|' avagrahAdi jJAnoM meM AtmA ke darzana guNa kA arthAkAra rUpa vyApAra kAraNa hotA hai jisase unheM pratyakSa mAnA gayA hai, vahI smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarkAdi jJAnoM meM AtmA ke darzana guNa ke artha kA abhAva hotA hai isalie dhAraNA Adi jJAna kA vyApAra kAraNa hone se unheM parokSa mAnA gayA indriya jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnane meM doSa pUrvapakSa - jo jJAna indriyoM ke vyApAra se utpanna hotA hai, vaha pratyakSa hai aura indriyoM ke vyApAra se rahita hai, vaha parokSa hai| pratyakSa va parokSa kA yaha avisaMvAdI lakSaNa mAnanA caahie| uttarapakSa - yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoki ukta lakSaNa ke mAnane para Apta ke pratyakSa jJAna kA abhAva prApta hotA hai| yadi indriyoM ke nimitta se hone vAle jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai, to aisA mAnane para Apta ko pratyakSa jJAna nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki Apta ko indriya pUrvaka padArtha kA jJAna nahIM hotaa| kadAcit usake bhI indriya pUrvaka hI jJAna pAyA jAtA hai, to usake sarvajJatA nahIM rhtii| pUrvapakSa - usake mAnasa pratyakSa hotA hai| uttarapakSa - mana ke prayatna se jJAna kI utpatti mAnane para sarvajJatva kA abhAva hI hotA hai| pUrvapakSa - Agama se sarva padArthoM kA jJAna ho jaayegaa| uttarapakSa - nahIM, kyoMki sarvajJatA pratyakSajJAna pUrvaka prApta hotI hai| pUrvapakSa - yogI-pratyakSa nAma kA eka anya divyajJAna hai| uttarapakSa - usameM Apake mata meM pratyakSatA nahIM banatI, kyoki vaha indriyoM ke nimitta se nahIM hotA hai| jisakI upalabdhi indriya se hotI hai, vaha pratyakSa hai, aisA Apake mata meM svIkAra bhI kiyA hai| jJAna ke sAdhana ___mukhya rUpa se jJAna ke tIna sAdhAna hote haiM, yathA 1. indriya 2. mana aura 3. aatmaa| indriya jJAna ke sAdhana ke mukhya rUpa se tIna hote haiM, yathA 1. indriya 2. mana aura 3. aatmaa| indriya aura mana parokSa jJAna ke sAdhana hote haiM, jabaki Atma-pratyakSa jJAna kA sAdhana hotI hai| vaise to parokSa jJAna bhI AtmA meM hI hotA hai, indriya aura mana to sahakArI kAraNa mAtra hote haiN| indriya zabda kI vyutpatti - saMskRta meM 'idi paramaizvarye' dhAtu hai| isase indriya zabda banatA hai| 'indati paramaizvaryaM bhunakti iti indraH' arthAt jo parama aizvarya ko bhogatA hai usako indra kahate haiN| malayagiri kahate haiM ki AtmA sabhI dravyoM kI upalabdhi rUpa parama aizvarya se sampanna hai, isalie vaha indra hai| usakA jo avinAbhAvI cihna hai, vaha indriya hai| indriya saMsArI AtmA ko pahacAnane 76. sarasvatI varadaputra paM. bazIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandagraMtha, khaMDa 4, pR. 14 77. bazIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandagraMtha, khaMDa 4, pR. 15 78. bazIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandagraMtha, khaMDa 4, pR. 18 79. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.12.6-9 80. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti pR. 75

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[74] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ke lie liMga hai, isI se saMsArI AtmA kI pratIti hotI hai| isI prakAra sAMkhya aura nyAya darzana ke anusAra indra kA artha AtmA hai aura usake liMga ko indriya kahate haiN| jisase AtmA ko jJAna hotA hai, vaha sAdhana rUpa hai, jJAtA rUpa nahIM jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra jIva saba vastuoM kI upalabdhi aura paribhoga rUpa aizvarya se sampanna hotA hai, isalie vaha indra hai| zrotra, cakSu, ghrANa, rasana aura sparzana jIva ke cihna haiM aura ye hI indriyA~ kahalAtI haiN| pUjyapAda ke anusAra 1. indra zabda kA vyutpattilabhya artha hai, 'indatIti indraH' jo AjJA aura aizvaryavAlA hai, vaha indra hai| yahA~ indra zabda AtmA artha meM prayukta huA hai| indra (AtmA) jJasvabhAva vAlA hote hue bhI matijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama ke rahate hue svayaM padArthoM ko jAnane meM asamartha hai| ataH usako jo jAnane meM liMga (nimitta) hotA hai, vaha indra kA liMga indriya kahalAtI hai| 2. jo lIna arthAt gUDha padArtha kA jJAna karAtA hai, use liMga kahate haiN| ataH jo sUkSma AtmA ke astitva kA jJAna karAne meM liMga arthAt kAraNa hai, use indriya kahate haiN| jaise ki dhUma agni kA jJAna karAne meM kAraNa hotA hai| akalaMka ne bhI tattvArtharAjavArtika meM aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai|84 vIrasenAcArya ke anusAra jo pratyakSa meM vyApAra karatI haiM, unheM indriyAM kahate haiN| yahA~ akSa kA artha indriya hai| indriya ke prakAra prajJApanA sUtra meM indriya ke pAMca prakAra batAye gaye haiM, yathA 1. zrotrendriya 2. cakSurindriya 3. ghrANendriya 4. jihvendriya aura 5. sprshnendriy| isI prakAra anyatra sabhI AgamoM aura graMthoM meM indriya ke pAMca bheda hI kiye gaye haiN| indriya kI utpatti naiyAyikoM kA abhimata hai ki indriyoM kA nirmANa unake viSaya banane yogya guNa ke AdhArabhUta dravya se hotA hai jaiseki zabda zrotra kA viSaya hai tathA yaha AkAza mahAbhUta kA guNa hai, ataH zrotra kA nirmANa AkAza mahAbhUta ke paramANu se hotA hai, isI prakAra zeSa indriyoM ke viSaya meM bhI samajha lenA caahie| jaina dArzanika isakA khaNDana kahate hue kahate haiM ki pRthvI, jala, agni tathA vAyu pRthak-pRthak dravya na hokara eka hI dravya pudgala haiM tathA jar3a indriyoM kA nirmANa pudgala paramANuoM se hI hotA hai| jainadarzana meM indriyA~ paudugalika haiM, isase sAMkhyadarzana jo indriya ko aMhakAra janya mAnate haiM, usakA khaNDana ho jAtA hai|99 indriya ke pAMca prakAroM kA svarUpa uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke 32veM adhyayana kI gAthA 35, 22, 49, 61, 75 meM krama se pAMcoM indriyoM ko paribhASita kiyA hai, yathA 'soyassa sada gahaNaM vayaMti' jo zabda ko grahaNa kare, vaha zrotrendriya 81. sAMkhyatattvakaumudI 26, sarvArthasiddhi 1.14, rAjavArtika 1.14.1 82. iMdo jIva svvovlddhibhogprmsrttnno| sottAibheyabhiMdiyamiha tlliNgaaibhaavaao| -vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 2993 83. sarvArthasiddhi, a. 1, sU. 14 84. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.14, 2.15 85. SaTkha NDAgama, pu. 1, sU. 1.1.4, pR. 135 86. kai NaM bhaMte ! iMdiyA paNNattA? goyamA! paMca iMdiyA pnnnnttaa| taMjahA-soiMdie, cakkhidie, ghANiMdie, jibhidie, phaasiNdie| - prajJApanA sUtra, pada 15 87. tarkabhASA 88. tattvArtharAjavArtika, a. 2. sU. 17.4 89. nyAyakumudacandra bhAga 1, pR. 157-158

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [75] hai| 'cakkhussa rUvaM gahaNaM vayaMti' jo rUpa ko grahaNa kare, vaha cakSurindriya hai| 'gaMdhassa ghANaM gahaNaM vayaMti' jo gaMdha ko grahaNa kare, vaha ghrANendriya hai| 'jIhAe rasaM gahaNaM vayaMti' jo rasa ko grahaNa kare, vaha rasanendriya hai| kAyassa phAsaM gahaNaM vayaMti' jo sparza kA grahaNa karatI hai, vaha sparzanendriya pUjyapAda ke anusAra vIryAntarAya aura matijJAnAvaraNakarma ke kSayopazama se tathA aMgopAMga nAmakarma ke Alambana se AtmA jisake dvArA sparza karatA hai, vaha sparzana indriya hai, jisake dvArA svAda letA hai, vaha rasanAindriya hai, jisake dvArA sUMghatA hai vaha ghrANa indriya hai, jisake dvArA padArthoM ko dekhatA hai, vaha cakSu indriya hai tathA jisake dvArA sunatA hai, vaha zrotra indriya hai| pAMca indriyoM ke bheda jinabhadragaNi ne pAMcoM indriyoM ko do vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai - 'davviMdiyabhAviMdiyasAmaNNAo kao bhinnnno| arthAt dravyendriya aura bhaavendriy| isI prakAra anya AcArya jaiseki pUjyapAda, akalaMka, vIrasecanAcArya Adi ne bhI indriya ke do bheda kiye haiN| indriya kI paudgalika AkAra (saMsthAna) racanA ko dravya-indriya kahate haiM tathA indriya AvAraka karma ke kSayopazama se prApta zakti aura usake upayoga ko bhAvendriya kahate haiN| akalaMka ke anusAra indriya bhAva se pariNata jIva ko hI bhAvendriya zabda se kahanA caahie| dravya aura bhAva-indriya ke prabheda / jinabhadragaNi ne dravyendriya tathA bhAvendriya ke do-do prabhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| '.davvaM nivvitti uvagaraNaM ca..' arthAt nirvRtti aura upakaraNa dravyendriya 'laddhavaogA bhAviMdiyaM....' arthAt labdhi aura upayoga bhAvendriya / yahI bAta umAsvAti kRta tattvArtha sUtra meM bhI kahI gayI hai yathA - 'nirvRttyupakaraNe drvyendriym| labdhyupayogau bhaavendriym|97 aisA hI ullekha pUjyapAda, akalaMka Adi AcAryoM ne bhI kiyA hai| nirvRtti dravyendriya kA svarUpa aura bheda indriya ke viziSTa aura vibhinna saMsthAna vizeSa (racanA vizeSa) ko nirvRtti kahate haiN| indriyoM kI yaha racanA karma ke kAraNa hotI hai| nirvRtti ke bhI do prakAra hote haiM - bAhya nirvRtti aura Abhyantara nirvRtti| pUjyapAda ne indriya nAmavAle pratiniyata cakSu Adi AtmapradezoM meM pratiniyata AkAra rUpa aura nAmakarma ke udaya se vizeSa avasthA ko prApta jo pudgala pracaya hotA hai, use bAhya nirvRtti tathA utsedhAMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga pramANa aura pratiniyata cakSu Adi indriyoM ke AkAra rUpa se avasthita zuddha Atma-pradezoM kI racanA ko Abhyantara nirvRtti kahA hai|100 90. sarvArthasiddhi 2.19, pR. 129 91. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3003 92. sarvArthasiddhi 2.16, rAjavArtika 2.16, SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 1, sU. 1.1.33 pR. 232, gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa, gAthA 165 93. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3003 94. iMdriyabhAvapariNato hi jIvo bhaavendriymissyte| - rAjavArtika 1.15.14 95. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 2994 96. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 2997 97. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 2 sUtra 17-18 98. sarvArthasiddhi 2.17-18, rAjavArtika 2.17-18, SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 1, sU. 1.1.33, pR. 236 99. sarvArthasiddhi 2.17 100. sarvArthasiddhi 2.17 pR. 127

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[76] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana akalaMka ke anusAra indriyoM ke AkAra kI racanA mAtra zarIra meM nahIM hokara Atma-pradezoM para bhI hotI hai| ataH viziSTa indriya se saMyukta Atma pradezoM meM usa indriya ke viSaya ko grahaNa karane kI vizeSa kSamatA utpanna ho jAtI hai| aise Atma-pradezoM ko AbhyaMtara nirvRtti kahA jAtA hai| ___ malayagiri kahate haiM ki bAhya nirvRtti papar3I Adi rUpa se vividha-vicitra prakAra kI hotI hai ataH usako pratiniyata rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jaise ki manuSya ke kAna donoM netroM ke bagala meM hote haiM usakI bhauheM kAna ke Upara ke bhAga kI apekSA sama rekhA meM hotI haiM, kintu ghor3e ke kAna netroM ke Upara hote haiM aura unake agrabhAga tIkSNa hote haiM ityaadi| ata: jAti bheda se bAhya nirvRtti aneka prakAra kI hotI hai| 102 Abhyantara nirvRtti sabhI prANiyoM ke samAna hI hotI hai| AbhyaMtara nirvRtti kI apekSA hI saMsthAna kA ullekha karate hue jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki zrotrendiya kA AbhyaMtara AkAra kadamba puSpa ke samAna cakSurindriya kA masUra ghAnya ke samAna, ghrANendriya kA atimuktaka puSpacandrikA ke samAna, rasanendriya kA kSurapra ke samAna hotA hai|103 kevala sparzanendriya nirvRtti ke bAhya aura AbhyaMtara bheda nahIM hote haiN| kyoMki sparzanendriya nirvRtti saba prANiyoM ke eka sarIkhI nahIM hotI hai|104 upakaraNa dravyendriya kA svarUpa pUjyapAda ke anusAra jo nirvRtti kA upakAra karatA hai, use upakaraNa kahate haiN| nirvRtti meM vidyamAna dRSTi Adi kriyA ke sahAyaka aMga-upAMga upakaraNa haiN| nirvRtti ke samAna upakaraNendriya ke bhI bAhya aura AbhyaMtara do bheda hote haiN| jaiseki cakSurindriya meM kRSNa zukla maNDala Abhyantara upakaraNa hai tathA palaka aura donoM baronI Adi bAhya upakaraNa haiN| isI prakAra anya indriyoM meM bhI samajhanA caahie|05 jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki jo viSaya grahaNa karane meM samartha paudgalika zakti hai, vaha upakaraNa indriya hai| nirvRtti indriya ke hone para bhI yadi upakaraNa indriya naSTa ho jAe to viSaya kA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA hai| nirvRtti aura upakaraNa dravyendriya meM antara dravyendriya ke nirvRtti aura upakaraNa rUpa bheda kA kAraNa paraspara AdhAra-Adheya sambandha ke kAraNa hai| malayagiri naMdIvRtti meM isakA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki bAhya nirvRtti talavAra ke samAna tathA AbhyaMtara nivRtti talavAra kI dhAra ke samAna hotI hai| AbhyaMtara nirvRtti kI zakti vizeSa hI upakaraNa dravyendriya hai| jisa prakAra zakti aura zaktimAn kisI apekSA se bhinna hote haiM, vaise hI AbhyaMtara nirvRtti aura upakaraNa bhI kisI apekSA se bhinna hote haiN| ataH AbhyaMtara nirvRtti hone para kisI ke dravyAdi se upakaraNa indriya naSTa bhI ho sakatI hai| jaise ki kadamba puSpa ke samAna AkAra vAlI zrotra kI Abhyantara nirvRtti vidyamAna hai, lekina bhayaMkara megha garjanA Adi se upakaraNa indriya kI zakti naSTa ho jAne se prANI ko zabda kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai|107 101. rAjavArtika, 2.17.3 102. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 75 103. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 2995 104. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 75 105. sarvArthasiddhi 2.17, pR 127, rAjavArtika 2.17.5, SaTakhaNDAgama, pu. 1, sUtra 1.1.33, pR. 236 106. visayaggahaNasamatthaM uvagaraNaM iMdiyaMtaraM tNpi| jaM neha tadavaghAe giNhai nivvattibhAve vi|-vishessaavshykbhaassy gAthA 2996 107. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 75

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [77] labdhi aura upayoga bhAvendriya kA svarUpa jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra jIva ke sabhI AtmapradezoM meM indriyoM ke AvAraka karma (indriyajJAnAvaraNa) kA jo kSayopazama hai, vaha labdhi-indriya hai tathA 'jo savisayavAvAro so uvaogo' arthAt zrotra Adi indriyoM ko apane-apane viSaya meM jo pravRtti hotI hai, vaha upayoga indriya hai|108 jinadAsagaNi isako spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki ghara ke eka kone meM rakhA prajvalita dIpaka pUre ghara ko prakAza se Alokita karatA hai isI prakAra dravyendriya meM avasthita AtmapradezoM kA kSayopazama hone para bhI upayoga kI dRSTi se sabhI AtmapradezoM se viSaya kA bodha hotA hai|109 vidyAnaMda110 ne labdhi aura upayoga kA artha nimna prakAra se kiyA hai -'labdhisvabhAvAni tAvad bhAvendriyANi svArthasaMvido yogyatvAdAtmanaH pratipadyanta' jIva ke viSaya ke grahaNa karane ke sAmarthya ko labdhi kahate haiN| 'upayogasvabhAvAni punaH svArthasaMvido vyaapRttvaannishcinvnti|' arthAt viSaya ko grahaNa karane kI pravRtti upayoga hai| vIrasenAcArya ne dhavalA meM zaMkA uThAI hai ki upayoga indriyoM kA phala hai, kyoMki usakI utpatti indriyoM se hotI hai, isalie upayoga ko indriya kahanA ucita nahIM hai| isakA samAdhAna karate hue ve kahate haiM ki kAraNa meM rahane vAle dharma kI kArya meM anuvRtti hotI hai| jaise ki ghaTa ke AkAra se pariNata hue jJAna ko ghaTa kahA jAtA hai, usI prakAra indriyoM se utpanna hue upayoga ko bhI indriya kahA jAtA hai| indriya (zrotrAdi pAMca indriyAM) dravyendriya bhAvendriya nirvRti upakaraNa labdhi upayoga bAhya nirvRti Abhyantara nirvRti indriyoM ke prabhedoM kI prApti kA krama jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki sarvaprathama indriyAvaraNIyakSayopazama rUpa labdhi se indriya prApta hotI hai, usake bAda bAhyanirvRtti indriya kI prApti hotI hai, usake anantara AbhyaMtaranirvRtti kI zakti rUpa upakaraNendriya kI prApti hotI hai, sabase anta meM upayoga indriya hotI hai| 12 jIva meM iMdriya ke adhiSThAna, zakti tathA vyApAra kA mUla labdhi iMdiya hai| usake abhAva meM nirvRtti, upakaraNa aura upayoga nahIM hotA hai| labdhi ke pazcAt dvitIya sthAna nirvRtti kA hai| usake hone para upakaraNa aura upakaraNa ke hone para upayoga hotA hai| upayoga ke binA upakaraNa, upakaraNa ke binA nirvRtti, nirvRtti ke binA labdhi ho sakatI hai, parantu labdhi ke binA nirvRtti aura nirvRtti ke binA upakaraNa tathA upakaraNa ke binA upayoga nahIM ho sakatA hai| 108. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 2997-2998 109. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 24 110. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 2.18.1 111. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu.1, sU. 1.1.33 pR. 237 112. lAbhakkame u laddhI nivvutta-vagaraNa uvaogo y| davviMdiya-bhAviMdiyasAmaNNAo kao bhinnnno|-vishessaa0 bhASya gAthA 3003

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[78] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana indriyoM kA kSayopazama jIva ke sabhI Atma-pradezoM meM pAMcoM indriyoM ke jJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama hote hue bhI sabhI jagaha se tadvid indriyoM ke viSaya kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki rUpAdi ke grahaNa karane meM sahakArI kAraNa rUpa bAhya nirvRtti jIva ke sampUrNa Atma pradezoM meM nahIM pAyI jAtI hai, vaha AtmapradezoM ke eka deza meM hotI hai| isI lie sarvAMga kSayopazama hote hue bhI tadvida indriya ke viSaya kA grahaNa usakI bAhya nirvRtti dravyendriya se hotA hai|13 jaise ki bAhya nirvRtti meM sthita upakaraNa arthAt usa indriya ke vibhinna aMga-upAMga ke dvArA hI usa indriya ke viSaya kA grahaNa hotA hai, vaise hI AbhyaMtara nirvRtti ke bhI labdhi aura upayoga rUpa do upakaraNa hote haiN| inake AdhAra se jIva jar3a indriyoM kA sahayoga lekara unake viSaya ko grahaNa karatA hai arthAt jAnatA hai| bhAvendriyA~ hone para hI dravyendriyoM se viSaya kA grahaNa ho sakatA hai| sAmAnyatayA jIva jar3a indriyoM tathA mana ke sahayoga se hI padArthoM ko jAnatA hai| lekina yaha bhI tabhI sambhava hai, jaba usameM padArtha ko jAnane kI kSamatA tathA viSaya ko jAnane meM pravRtti ho| ina donoM meM se eka kA bhI abhAva ho to jar3a indriyAM apane viSaya kA bodha nahIM kara sakatI haiN| bhAvendriya evaM dravyendriya meM kArya-kAraNa bhAva vIrasenAcArya ne dhavalA TIkA meM ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki bhAvendriyA~ zabda, rUpa, gandha, rasa aura sparza nAma ke jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se aura dravyendriyoM ke nimitta se utpanna hotI haiN| kSayopazama rUpa bhAvendriyA~ kAraNa haiM aura dravyendriyA~ kArya hai, isalie dravyendriyoM ko indriya kahA jAtA hai| athavA isakA dUsarA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki upayoga rUpa bhAvendriyoM kI utpatti dravyendriyoM ke kAraNa hai, ataH bhAvendriyAM kArya hai aura dravyendriyAM kAraNa haiN| isalie bhI dravyendriyoM ko indriya kahA jAtA hai| indriyoM se jJAnotpatti jJAnotpatti ke sambandha meM prAyaH yaha mAnyatA hai ki jar3a indriyAM aura mana Adi jJAna ke bAhya sAdhana jaba viSaya se sambaddha hote haiM, taba usa viSaya kA jJAna AtmA meM svataH hI utpanna ho jAtA hai| isake lie usa jIva ko vizeSa prayatna karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| sAMkhyatattvakaumudI meM vAcaspati mizra ne kahA hai ki 'padArtha kA indriyoM dvArA Alocana kiye jAne para mana usa para saMkalpa-vikalpa karatA hai, taduparAMta buddhi usI viSaya ke AkAra ko dhAraNa karatI hai| usa viSayAkAra buddhi para caitanya kA pratibimba par3ane para viSaya prakAzita hotA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa vaha jJAna hotA hai| aisA hI ullekha kaNAda ne vaizeSika sUtra (3.1.18) meM bhI kiyA hai ki 'padArtha, indriya, mana tathA AtmA kA saMyoga hone para AtmA meM padArtha kA jJAna utpanna hotA hai|' isa prakAra jJAnotpatti meM AtmA niSkriya rahatI hai evaM use jo bodha hotA, vaha indriya aura mana ke nimitta se hotA hai| lekina yaha mAnyatA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki jJAnotpatti meM jar3a indriyA~ aura mana sAdhana hote haiM tathA AtmA ko hI jJAna utpanna hotA hai| jar3a indriyAM aura mana taba taka jJAnotpatti kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakate jaba taka ki AtmA svayaM indriya rUpa se pariNata na ho, usameM bAhya indriyoM ko upayoga meM lene kI kSamatA na ho yA viSaya grahaNa karane meM usakI pravRtti na ho| sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa meM jar3a indriya tathA mana kI sahAyatA se hI jJAna hotA hai| ata: indriya aura mana jJAna meM sAdhana mAtra haiN| 113. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 1, sU. 1.1.33 pR. 234 114. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 1, sU. 1.1.4, pR. 135

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [79] jIva kI anindriyatA jIva kSAyika labdhi ke kAraNa anindriya hotA hai| koI zaMkA kare ki anindriya hone para jIva ke indriyoM kA nAza hone se jJAna kA bhI vinAza ho jAegA aura jJAna kA vinAza hone para jIva ajIva tulya ho jaaegaa| isa prakAra kI zaMkA kA samAdhAna dete hue vIrasenAcArya kahate haiM ki jIva jJAna svabhAvI hai, isalie indriyoM kA vinAza hone para bhI jJAna kA nAza nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki chamastha avasthA meM kAraNa rUpa se grahaNa kI gaI indriyAM jIvoM ke bhinna jAtIya jJAna kI utpatti meM sahakArI kAraNa ho, aisA niyama nahIM hai| kyoMki aisA svIkAra karane para mokSa taka ke abhAva kA prasaMga upasthita ho jaaegaa|15 zrotrAdi indriyoM kI prApyakAritA-aprApyakAritA jainadarzana ke anusAra zrotrAdi pAMca indriyoM meM se zrotrendriya, ghrANendriya, sparzanendriya aura rasanendriya, ye cAra indriyAM prApyakArI tathA cakSu indriya aprApyakArI hotI hai| jo indriya apane viSaya ko spRSTa hone para jAnatI hai, vaha prApyakArI aura jo indriya apane viSaya ko aspRSTa hokara jAnatI hai, vaha aprApyakArI hotI hai| zrogrendriya kI prApyakAritA bauddha darzana meM zrotrendriya ko aprApyakArI mAnA gayA hai| jainAcAryoM ne isakA khaMDana kiyA hai| naMdIsUtra meM zrotrendriya ko vyaMjanAvagraha mAnA gayA hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM ullekha hai ki zabda spRSTa avasthA meM hI sunA jAtA hai| samAna zreNI meM Ate hue zabda mizra rUpa se sunane meM Ate haiM, vizreNI se Aye hue vAsita zabda sune jAte haiM, tathA vaktA kAyayoga se zabda ko grahaNa karatA hai aura vacana yoga se nirgamana karatA hai| bAda ke AcAryoM ne acchI prakAra se isakA khaMDana kiyA hai| jinabhadra kahate haiM ki anya sthAna se zabda Akara zrotra ko prApta hotA hai|17 ___ malayagiri kahate haiM ki zrotrendriya ghrANendriya ke samAna viSayakRta anugraha-upaghAta se prabhAvita hotI hai| ata: yaha indriya aprApyakArI nahIM hai| isake lie TIkAkAra ne cANDAla aura zrotriya brAhmaNa kA paraspara zabda Adi kA sambandha batAte hue kahA hai ki cANDAla zabda kA sparza hone se brAhmaNa apavitra nahIM ho jAtA hai|18 zaMkA - prApyakArI kA jo artha kiyA hai usase sparzanendriya aura rasanendriya prApyakArI ghaTita hotI hai, lekina zrotrendriya aura ghrANendriya prApyakArI ghaTita nahIM hotI hai kyoMki yaha donoM indriyA~ dUravartI deza meM sthita svaviSayaka padArtha ko bhI grahaNa kara letI haiN| samAdhAna - zrotrendriya aura ghrANendriya ke viSaya zabda aura gandha svayaM hI indriya se spRSTa hote haiM, ye indriyA~ jAkara zabda aura gandha ko grahaNa nahIM karatI haiM, kyoMki zabda aura gandha paudgalika aura sakriya haiN| jaiseki vAyu se cUMA gati karatA hai, vaise hI zabda aura gandha bhI vAyu dvArA gati karate haiN| zrotra aura ghrANendriya ke sAtha zabda aura gandha sambaddha hokara hI upaghAta (bahirApana, jisameM nAsikA phUla jAtI hai aisA pUti roga) yA anugraha (zabda aura gandha se anukUla vedana) Adi kArya 115. SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 7, sU. 2.1.16 pR. 68 116. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 5,6.7 vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 336, 351, 355 117. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 205-207, rAjavArtika 1.19.3, tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.19.91 se 98, nyAyakumudacandra bhAga 1, pR. 83, hAribhadrIya pR. 50, malayagiri pR. 170, jainatarkabhASA pR. 8 118. malayagiri, pR. 172

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[80] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana karane meM samartha hote haiN| isase siddha hotA hai ki ina indriyoM se viSaya sambaddha hotA hai tabhI ye arthagrahaNa karatI haiN| ataH ye donoM indriyA bhI prApyakArI haiN| cakSu indriya kI aprApyakAritA nyAyAdi vaidika darzana cakSu ko prApyakArI hI svIkAra karate haiN| isake sambandha meM unake aneka tarka haiM, jo yahA~ jainadArzanikoM dvArA pradatta khaNDana ke sAtha prastuta haiM - 1. naiyAyikoM kA kathana hai ki cakSu indriya kA anugraha aura upaghAta hotA hai| jinabhadragaNi isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM cakSu indriya meM apane grAhya viSaya ke kAraNa upaghAta aura anugraha nahIM hotA hai| jaise ki cakSu indriya prApta vastu ke sAtha sambaddha hokara usakA jJAna karatI to agni Adi ke darzana meM, sparzanendriya ke samAna usake jalane rUpa upaghAta aura komala vastu ko dekhane para anugraha honA caahie| lekina ye donoM prasaMga cakSuindriya meM nahIM hote haiN| isalie cakSu indriya aprApyakArI hai| zaMkA - yaha kathana anucita hai, kyoMki candramA Adi ko dekhane se cakSu kA anugraha aura sUrya Adi ko dekhane se netra kA upaghAta pratyakSa hai, isalie cakSu indriya bhI prApyakArI hai| samAdhAna - yadi isako svIkAra bhI karaleM to bhI cakSu indriya ko aprApyakArI mAnane meM koI doSa nahIM hai| kyoMki hamAre anusAra cakSu indriya svayaM anya sthAna para jAkara athavA kisI dezavizeSa ko prApta karake rUpa ko nahIM dekhatI hai, apitu apane grAhya viSaya (rUpa) ko yogya deza meM dUra sthita hokara dekhatI hai| yahA~ hamAre kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki viSaya (rUpa) ke grahaNa ke samaya cakSu indriya anugraha aura upaghAta se rahita hotI hai, kintu bAda meM lambe samaya taka dekhate rahane para jJAtA (draSTA) ko sUrya kI kiraNeM athavA candramA kI kiraNeM spRSTa (prApta) karatI haiM, taba una sUrya kI kiraNoM se athavA candramA kI kiraNoM se svabhAvataH cakSu kA upaghAta aura anugraha ho sakatA hai| phira bhI kaheM ki cakSu indriya kisI viSaya ko spRSTa karake hI jAnatI hai, to phira usI cakSu meM lage hue arthAt cakSu ke sAtha hI spRSTa jo aMjana, raja, mala Adi ko bhI jAnanA cAhie, kintu vaha aMjanAdi ko nahIM dekha pAtI hai, isalie netra aprApyakArI haiN| 20 2. naiyAyika kahate haiM ki cakSu bAhyendriya hai| prabhAcandra uttara meM kahate haiM ki cakSu indriya bAhyendriya nahIM hai, kyoMki bAhyendriya ke jo pAMca lakSaNa haiM ve cakSu indriya meM ghaTita nahIM hote haiM - 1. bAhara ke artha grahaNa ke abhimukha honA, 2. bAhya pradezoM meM rahanA 3. bAhya kAraNa se utpanna honA 4. indriya ke svarUpa se atIta hotA aura 5. mana se alaga honaa| viSaya grahaNa meM bhAvendriya kA mahattva hai, dravyendriya kA nhiiN| vidyAnaMda ke anusAra jo bAhara dikhatA hai, usa golaka ko cakSu kahate haiM, to usakI aprApyakAritA svataH hI siddha hai| 3. nyAya-vaizeSikoM kA mAnanA hai ki cakSuindriya se kiraNeM nikalakara artha ko prApta karatI haiM, isase yaha gativAlA hai| jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra cakSu gatizIla bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki cakSu svaviSaya ke sthala para nahIM jAtA hai aura sva-viSaya bhI cakSu ke sthAna para nahIM AtA hai| akalaMka kahate haiM ki cakSu DAlI aura candramA ko eka sAtha dekha sakatA hai, isalie vaha gatizIla nahIM hai|21 prabhAcandra kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra candramA aura candrakAMta maNi meM uSNatva nahIM hone se unako tejasa nahIM mAnA hai, vaise hI cakSu bhI tejasa rUpa nahIM hai| yadi cakSu tejasa rUpa hotA to isameM sUrya kI taraha uSNatA avazya hotI tathA cakSu razmitva vAlA bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki mahAjvAlA ke samAna cakSu kA pratiskhalana pratIta nahIM hotA hai| 22 119. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 205-208 120. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 209-212 121. rAjavArtika 1.19.3 122. nyAyakumudacandra pR. 81

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [81] 4. naiyAyikoM kA kahanA hai ki cakSu saMsAra ke atidUra aura vyavadhAna vAle arthoM ko nahIM dekha sakatA hai| malayagiri uttara meM kahate haiM ki aprApyakArI mana bhI loka ke niyata viSayoM ko hI grahaNa kara sakatA hai, vaise hI cakSu bhI niyata viSayoM ko hI grahaNa karatA hai, kyoMki lohacumbaka bhI yogya dizA meM rahe hue lohakaNoM ko hI AkarSita karatA hai / 23 5. naiyAyika kahate haiM ki cakSu indriya bhautika hai| malayagiri kahate haiM ki loha cumbaka bhI bhautika hai aura aprApyakArI hai|24 pAMca indriyoM kA viSaya aura unakA viSaya kSetra matijJAna kA sambandha indriya se hai| ata: jinabhadragaNi ne prasaMgAnusAra hI pAMca indriyoM dvArA prApta-aprApta viSaya kI carcA karate hue unake viSaya ke pramANa kA ullekha kiyA hai| zrotrendriyAdi pAMcoM indriyA~ apane-apane viSaya kA grahaNa karatI haiM, lekina apane-apane viSaya ko bhI bhinna-bhinna prakAra se grahaNa karatI haiN| indriyAM matijJAna meM sahAyaka hotI haiN| inakA viSaya matijJAna rUpa hotA hai| puDhe suNei saiM, rUvaM puNa pAsai apuDhe tu| gaMdhaM rasaM ca phAsaM ca, baddhapadraM viyaagre||125 arthAt zrotrendriya, zabda ko mAtra sparza hone para sunatI hai, cakSurindriya rUpa ko binA sparza hue hI dekhatI hai tathA ghrANendriya gandha ko, rasanendriya rasa ko aura sparzanendriya sparza ko, spRSTa aura ba~dhane para hI jAnatI hai| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki viSaya grahaNa kI apekSA indriyAM tIna prakAra kI hotI haiM - 1. spRSTa viSaya ko grahaNa karane vAlI - shrotrendriy| 2. baddhaspRSTa viSaya kA grahaNa karane vAlI - sparza, rasa aura ghrANa aura 3. aspRSTa viSaya karane vAlI - ckssurindriy| yaha vargIkaraNa viSaya kI paTutA ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| sparzanendriya, rasanendriya aura ghrANendriya ye tIna paTu, zrotrendriya paTutara aura cakSurindriya paTutama hotI hai| jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa spRSTa aura baddha kI paribhASA dete hue kahate haiM ki zarIra para raja kaNa ke sparza kI bhAMti zabda Adi kA jo sparzamAtra hotA hai, vaha spRSTa hai| AtmapradezoM ke sAtha gADhatara AzleSa (sambaddha) honA baddha kahalAtA hai|126 spRSTa pudgala ekameka kaise hote haiM - haribhadra ke anusAra zIta uSNatA ke pudgala nikalakara sparzendriya meM ekameka hone para hI unakA jJAna hotA hai| baddha kA udAharaNa dete hue kahA hai ki pahale jala kA zarIra se sparza hotA hai, phira vaha AtmIkRta hotA hai| 27 zrogrendriya kI paTutA zrotrendriya spRSTa zabda dravya ko grahaNa karatI hai, ataH ghrANa Adi indriyoM kI apekSA zrotrendriya paTutara hai| isake viSayabhUta zabda dravya anya viSayoM kI apekSA mAtrA meM prabhUta, sUkSma tathA bhAvuka (vAsita karane vAlA) haiN| isa prakAra jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne spRSTa mAtra ke grahaNa ke tIna hetu batAye haiM - bahu, sUkSma aura bhaavuk| zabda ke paramANu skaMdha bahuta dravya vAle, sUkSma aura bhAvuka hote haiM tathA uttarottara zabda ke paramANu skaMdhoM ko vAsita karane vAle hote haiN| isalie inakA jJAna sparza mAtra se ho jAtA hai| jaise naye zakore para jala-bindu kA sparza mAtra hone se, zakorA usa jala biMdu 123. malayagiri pR. 170 124. malayagiri pR. 171 125. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 336 126. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 337 127. hAribhadrIyA vRtti, pR. 68-69

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[82] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ko grahaNa kara letA hai| vaise hI zrotra (kAna) iMdriya ke sAtha zabda pudgaloM kA mAtra sparza rUpa sambandha hote hI zrotra zabda ko suna letI hai, kyoMki zrotra upakaraNa dravya-iMdriya ke pudgala bahuta paTu haiM tathA zabda ke pudgala sUkSma, bahuta aura adhika bhAvuka hote haiN| ataH zrotrendriya paTutara hotI hai| ___ ghrANendriya, rasanendriya aura sparzendriya anukrama se svaviSaya bhUta gaMdha-rasa-sparza vAle baddha aura spRSTa dravyoM ko viSaya rUpa meM grahaNa karatI haiN| ataH svapradeza ke sAtha ghrANendriyAdi dravya ke atyaMta gAr3ha saMbaddha hone para grahaNa kara sakatI haiM, anyathA nahIM, kyoMki viSayabhUta gaMdhAdi dravya zabda dravya kI apekSA adhika sthUla haiM aura abhAvuka (vAsita karane ke svabhAva se rahita) haiN| ataH ghrANendriyAdi viSaya ko grahaNa karane meM zrotrendriya kI apekSA apaTU hai| haribhadrasUri ne ise vizeSa prakAra se samajhAte hue kahA hai ki yahA~ baddha kA artha hai - AtmapradezoM ke dvArA grahaNa honaa| jaise - loha agni ko usakA sparza hone se hI nahIM pakar3atA, para jaba agni, loha meM praviSTa hotI hai, tabhI loha agni ko pakar3atA hai, vaise hI ghrANa, jihvA aura sparzana-upakaraNa-dravyendriyoM ke sAtha, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza pudgaloM kA sparzamAtra hone se ghrANa, jihvA aura sparzana labdhi bhAvendriyA~ gaMdha, rasa aura sparza ko nahIM jAnatI, para jaba ghrANa, jihvA aura sparza upakaraNa dravya iMdriyoM ke pradezoM se, gandha, rasa aura sparza ke pudgala paraspara ekameka ho jAte haiM (eka dUsare meM prabhAvita ho jAte haiM) tabhI ghrANa, jihvA aura sparzana bhAvendriyA~, gandha, rasa aura sparza ko jAna sakatI haiN|128 cakSurindriya yogya deza meM rahe hue svaviSaya bhUta rUpa ko aspRSTa, aprApta aura asambaddha (sparza ke binA) hI grahaNa karatI hai, tathA ayogya deza meM rahe hue saudharma devalokAdi athavA dIvAra Adi ke vyavadhAna yukta ghaTAdi vastu ko grahaNa nahIM kara sakatI hai| kyoMki cakSu aura mana aprApyakArI haiM aura ve sparza ke binA hI vastu ko grahaNa karate haiN| jaiseki darpaNa kisI padArtha ko sparza kie binA hI (kevala sAmane Ane se hI) padArtha ke pratibimba ko grahaNa kara letA hai, usI prakAra cakSu upakaraNa dravyendriya se padArtha ko sparza kiye binA hI (kevala cakSu ke sAmane Ane se hI) cakSu rUpa ko jAna letI hai| isalie vaha sabase adhika paTutama hotI hai|29 zaMkA - yadi cakSu aprApta rUpa ko grahaNa karatI hai, to lokAMta se pahale jo bhI vastu hai draSTA unako dekha sakatA hai, kyoMki aprApta kA viSaya sarvatra samAna hai| samAdhAna - Agama meM cakSuindriya kA viSaya parimANa AtmAMgula se eka lAkha yojana se adhika batAyA hai, isalie sabhI jagaha aprAptakArIpanA samAna hote hue bhI yogya deza meM rahe hue hI rUpa ko dekhatI hai, ayogya deza meM rahe hue rUpa ko nahIM dekhatI hai| aMgula pramANa kA svarUpa yahA~ cakSurindriya kA viSaya AtmAMgula se batAyA hai, ata: jinabhadragaNi prasaMgAnusAra tIna prakAra ke aMguloM ke svarUpa kA ullekha karate haiN| aMgula ke tIna bheda haiM - 1. AtmAMgula - jisa kAla meM jo manuSya hote haiM unake apane aMgula ko 'AtmAMgula' kahate haiN| kAla ke bheda se manuSyoM kI avagAhanA meM nyUnAdhikatA hone se isa aMgula kA parimANa bhI parivartita hotA rahatA hai| jisa samaya jo manuSya hote haiM unake nagara, kAnana, udyAna, vana, taDAga (tAlAba), kUpa (kUA) makAna Adi unhIM ke aMgula se arthAt AtmAMgula se mApe jAte haiN| 128. hAribhadrIyA vRtti, pR. 68-69 129. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 336-339

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [83] 2. utsedhAMgula - isa avasarpiNI kAla ke pAMcaveM Are kA AdhA bhAga arthAt sADhe dasa hajAra varSa bIta jAne para usa samaya ke manuSya ke aMgula ko 'utsedhAMgula' kahate haiN| athavA isakA pramANa anukrama se paramANu, trasareNu, rathareNu, bAlAgra, lIMkha (likSA)-jUM (jUkA)-yava (java), pratyeka ke ATha-ATha guNA karane para hotA hai| isa utsedha aMgula se dugunA vIra kA Atma-aMgula hotA hai| utsedhAMgula se naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura devoM kI avagAhanA mApI jAtI hai| 3. pramANAMgula - yaha aMgula saba se bar3A hotA hai| isalie ise pramANAMgula kahate haiN| utsedhAMgula se pramANAMgula hajAra guNA bar3A hotA hai| isa aMgula se ratnaprabhA Adi naraka, bhavanapatiyoM ke bhavana, kalpa (vimAna), varSadhara parvata, dvIpa Adi kI lambAI, cauDAI, U~cAI, gaharAI aura paridhi nApI jAtI hai| zAzvata vastuoM ko nApane ke liye yaha pramANAMgula kAma meM liyA jAtA hai|30 zaMkA - kucha AcAryoM kA mAnanA hai ki nArakI Adi ke zarIrAdi kA pramANa utsedhAMgula se jAnA jAtA hai, to yahA~ zarIrAdi meM Adi zabda se indriya tathA usake viSaya kA pramANa bhI A gayA hai| kyoMki zarIra meM indriyA~ hotI haiN| indriyoM ke viSaya ko grahaNa karavAne meM zarIra sahAyaka hotA hai, isalie indriyoM ke viSaya kA parimANa utsedhAMgula se hI nApanA caahie| jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki anyatra Agama meM sabhI sthaloM para utsedhAMgula se zarIra kI avagAhanA ke nApane kA hI ullekha hai, indriyAdi ke viSayoM kA nApane kA ullekha nahIM hai| yadi utsedhAMgula se indriya ke viSaya kA parimANa nApeMge to pAMca sau dhanuSa kI avagAhanA vAle bharatacakravartI kA AtmAMgula rUpa pramANAMgula hai, vaha utsedhAMgula se hajAra guNA bar3A hai, jabaki bharatacakravartI kI ayodhyA nagarI Adi AtmAMgula se 12 yojana lambI hai, yadi sabhI ko utsedhAMgula se nApeMge to isase to vaha aneka hajAra yojana pramANa kI ho jaayegii| zrotrendriya kI viSaya sImA rUpa 12 yojana ko utsedhAMgula se gineMge to hajAroM yojana dUra se Aye hue zabda ko to bahuta se nagara vAle evaM skaMdhAvAra vAle suna hI nahIM sakate haiM, lekina yaha zabda sArI nagarI aura skaMdhAvAra meM sunAI dete haiN| isalie indriyoM kA viSaya AtmAMgula se hI grahaNa karanA caahie|31 isI prakAra zrotrendriya kA utkRSTa viSaya 12 yojana, cakSurindriya kA utkRSTa viSaya eka lAkha yojana se adhika tathA zeSa ghrANendriya, rasanendriya aura sparzanendriya kA utkRSTa viSaya nau yojana kA hai| ye pAMcoM indriyAM apane-apane utkRSTa viSaya kSetra se Aye hue zabda-rUpa-gaMdha-rasa aura sparza rUpa artha ko grahaNa karatI haiN| isase adhika dUra se Aye hue zabda aura gaMdhAdi viSaya maMdapariNAma vAle hone se indriyoM ke viSaya nahIM banate haiN|132 indriyoM kA jaghanya viSaya - cakSurindriya kA jaghanya viSaya aMgula ke saMkhyAtaveM bhAga jitanA hai, kyoki atyadhika najadIka meM rahe hue aMjana-salI-mela Adi ko cakSu indriya dekha nahIM sakatI hai, jabaki zeSa indriyoM kA jaghanya viSaya aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga hai| itane jaghanya kSetra se Aye zabdAdi artha ko zrotrendriyAdi grahaNa karatI hai| kSetra se mana ke viSaya kA koI parimANa nahIM, kyoMki vaha niyama rahita dUra athavA najadIka mUrta-amUrta sabhI vastu ko kevalajJAna ke viSaya ke samAna grahaNa karatA hai| jo pudgala mAtra meM hI niyata rUpa se bandhA huA nahIM hotA hai, usakA viSaya-parimANa nhiiN| jaise kevalajJAna kA viSaya parimANa nahIM hai, vaise hI mana pudgala mAtra meM hI niyata rUpa se bandhA huA nahIM hone se usakA 130. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 340 131. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 341-344 132. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 345-347

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indriya mA mAga [84] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana viSaya parimANa nahIM hai| indriyajanya mati-zruta kA viSaya parimANa niyata hai aura indriyA~ to pudgala mAtra ko hI grahaNa karatI haiM, lekina manojanya mati-zruta kA viSaya mAtra pudgala ko grahaNa karane meM niyata nahIM hai, isalie usakA viSaya kevalajJAna ke viSaya ke samAna hai| avadhi aura manaHparyava kA bhI viSaya parimANa pudgala mAtra se niyata rUpa se baMdhA huA dikhAI detA hai|33 indriyoM ke viSaya se sambandhita cArTa nimna prakAra se hai - jaghanya jJeya kSetra utkRSTa jJeya kSetra zrotrendriya aMgula kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga bAraha yojana cakSu indriya aMgula kA saMkhyAtavAM bhAga kucha adhika eka lAkha yojana ghrANendriya aMgula kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga nau yaujana rasanendriya aMgula kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga nau yaujana sparzanendriya aMgula kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga nau yaujana indriyA~ kaba aura kaise viSaya ko grahaNa karatI haiM zrotrendriya prApta (spRSTa) zabda ko hI sunatI hai, to kyA vaha zabda prayoga se utpanna kiye hue zabda-dravya ko sunatI hai, dUsare ke dvArA vAsita athavA mizra zabda sunatI hai| bhAsAsamaseDhIo, sadaM jaM suNai mIsiyaM sunni| vIseDhI puNa saI, suNei NiyamA praaghaae||34 jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM ki jo bolI jAtI hai, vaha bhASA hai, athavA vaktA jisako zabda rUpa meM chor3e vaha dravya samUha bhASA hai| vaktA ke zarIra kI dizA se hI AkAza pradeza kI paMkti rUpa samazreNI135 bhASA kI samazreNI kahalAtI hai, jo vyakti samazreNI meM rahate hue zabda ko sunatA hai, to vaha mizra zabda sunatA hai arthAt jo zrotA chahoM dizAoM meM se kisI bhI dizA meM, yadi vaktA kI samazreNI meM rahA huA ho, to vaha jo zabda sunatA hai, vaha mizrita sunatA hai| kyoMki zrotA kucha vaktA ke dvArA bhASA-vargaNA ke pudgaloM ko bhASA rUpa meM pariNata karake chor3e gaye zabda pudgala sunatA hai aura kucha una bhASA pariNata zabda pudgaloM se prabhAvita hokara zabda rUpa meM pariNata hue zabda pudgaloM ko sunatA hai| ataH vaktA ke dvArA jo bhASA ke pudgala choDe gaye haiM, unake sAtha dUsare bhASA vargaNA ke pudgala skaMdha mila jAte haiM, isalie zrotA mUla zabda ko nahIM sunatA, mizra zabda sunatA hai| yahA~ mizra kA artha hai vaktA ke dvArA choDe hue pudgala+vAsita pudgl| loka ke madhya meM rahe hue vaktA ke bolane para bhASA ke pudgala pUrvAdi chahoM dizAoM meM prathama samaya meM hI lokAnta taka jAte haiN| jo zrotA vaktA kI viSamazreNI meM, kisI bhI dizA meM rahA huA ho, to vaha jo zabda sunatA hai, vaha niyama se prabhAvita zabda hI sunatA hai| vaktA ke dvArA zabda rUpa meM pariNata zabda pudgala nahIM sunatA, parantu usake zabda pudgaloM se prabhAvita hokara zabda rUpa meM pariNata hue pudgala hI sunatA hai, kyoMki zabda pudgala samazreNI meM hI gati karate haiM, viSamazreNI meM gati nahIM karate, parantu ve viSama zreNI meM rahe hue zabda pudgaloM ko prabhAvita kara, zabda rUpa meM pariNata karate jAte haiN| yadi aisA hai to dizA aura vidizA meM rahe hue zrotA kA alaga-alaga samaya meM zabda sunAI denA cAhie, lekina sabhI ko eka sAtha sunAI detA hai, isakA kyA kAraNa hai? bhASyakAra kahate haiM ki dizA aura vidizA meM rahe hue zrotA 133. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 349-350 134. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 6, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 351 135. AkAza pradezoM kI paMkti ko zreNI kahate haiM, yaha paMktiyAM AkAza meM sabhI jagaha hotI hai|

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [85] ko alaga-alaga samaya meM hI sunAI detA hai, lekina samayAdi kAla kA bheda atisUkSma hone se pratIta nahIM hotA hai| jisa prakAra zabda pudgaloM ke lie kathana kiyA, usI prakAra gaMdha pudgala, rasa pudgala aura sparza pudgaloM ke viSaya meM bhI samajhanA caahie| yathA-jo puruSa gaMdha vAle, rasa vAle aura sparza vAle pudgala kI samazreNI meM hotA hai, vaha mizrita gaMdha, rasa aura sparza pudgaloM ko jAnatA hai aura jo viSamazreNI meM hotA hai, vaha niyama se parAghAta (vAsita) gaMdha, rasa aura sparza pudgaloM ko jAnatA hai|36 bhASA pudgala kA grahaNa aura visarjana kAyayoga se bhASA vargaNA ke pudgaloM ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai aura vacana yoga se unheM bAhara nikAlA jAtA hai| prathama samaya meM bhASA pudgala grahaNa kie jAte haiM aura dUsare samaya meM bhASA pudgala choDe jAte haiN| yaha krama tIsare, cauthe Adi samayoM meM bhI isI prakAra calatA hai arthAt grahaNa karane ke madhya eka samaya kA antarAla hotA evaM bolate samaya bhI eka samaya kA antarAla hotA hai| puruSa ke anantara puruSa puruSAntara kahalAtA hai, usI prakAra eka samaya se anantara samaya ekAntara kahalAtA hai arthAt eka samaya meM grahaNa karatA hai aura eka samaya meM chor3atA hai| zaMkA - bhASA ke pudgaloM kA kAyayoga se grahaNa karanA to ucita hai, lekina vacana yoga se chor3anA kaise saMbhava hai? vacana yoga kyA hai? kyA vyApAra rUpa vANI hI vacana yoga hai athavA usake chor3ane ke kAraNa kAyayoga hI vacanayoga hai? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki manoyoga aura vacanayoga, kAyayoga ke hI vizeSa bheda manoyoga aura vacanayoga haiN| zarIra vyApAra se grahaNa kiye hue bhASA pudgala samUha ke Azraya se utpanna tathA bhASA ke visarjana (nisarga) ke kAraNa rUpa jIva kA vyApAra vacana yoga hai| kAyA ke vyApAra se hI grahaNa kiye hue manodravya ke samUha ke Azraya se manodravyoM ke cintana ke kAraNa jo vyApAra vizeSa utpanna hotA hai, vaha manoyoga kahalAtA hai| isalie aisA kahane meM koI doSa nahIM hai| 37 isa prakAra kAyayoga ke hI (upAdhi bheda se) tIna prakAra haiN| kAyayoga se hI dravya grahaNa hotA hai, ata: jisake kAyayoga nahIM hai, usake alaga se vacana yoga aura manoyoga nahIM hai| kyoMki vacanayoga aura manoyoga ke pudgaloM kA grahaNa kAyayoga se hI hotA hai| isa apekSA se to zvAsocchvAsa kI taraha hI manoyoga aura vacanayoga bhI kAyayoga hI haiN| isalie zvAsocchvAsa kI taraha unakA samAveza bhI kAyayoga meM hI honA caahie| yadi aisA saMbhava nahIM hotA hai to zvAsocchvAsa ko bhI alaga se yoga mAnanA caahie| isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki vyavahAra kI siddhi ke lie jaise vacana yoga aura manoyoga kA phala kAyikakriyA se bhinna pragaTa hotA hai, vaise zvAsocchvAsa yoga kA phala kAyikakriyA se bhinna pratIta nahIM hotA hai| isalie zvAsocchvAsa ko kAyayoga se bhinna nahIM mAnA hai|38 jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne matAntara kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki kucha AcArya eka-eka samaya ke antara se grahaNa aura nisarga (zabda racanA) mAnate haiM, lekina yaha kathana sahI nahIM hai, kyoMki antara-antara se grahaNa karane ke samayoM meM sabhI ko sunAI nahIM detA hai| sAtha hI 'aNusamayavirahiyaM niraMtaraM giNhai' arthAt pratisamaya viraha rahita nirantara grahaNa karatA hai, isa Agama pATha ke sAtha bhI virodha AtA hai| jaise pratisamaya grahaNa hotA hai, vaise hI pratisamaya nisarga bhI hotA hai, kyoMki jisakA pahale samaya meM grahaNa hotA hai usakA dUsare samaya meM nisarga bhI hotA hai|139 136. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 351-354 138. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 359-364 137. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 355-358 139. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 365-367

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[86] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ___ pahale samaya meM grahaNa kiye hue bhASA dravyoM kA nisarga pahale samaya meM nahIM hotA hai, unakA nisarga dUsare samaya meM hI hotA hai| isI prakAra dUsare samaya meM grahaNa kiye hue tIsare samaya meM nikalate haiM, tIsare samaya ke cauthe samaya meM nikalate haiN| isa prakAra grahaNa karane evaM tyAga karane kI apekSA yaha antara rahita hai, kyoMki grahaNa kiye hue kA tyAga usI samaya meM nahIM hotA hai, kintu samaya kI apekSA yaha nirantara hotA hai, dUsare Adi sabhI samayoM meM tyAga hI hotA hai| ataH pahale samaya meM grahaNa hI hotA hai, antima samaya meM mAtra nisarga hI hotA hai aura bIca ke samayoM meM grahaNa bhI hotA hai aura tyAga bhii|140 kAlamAna bhASA dravya kA grahaNa, grahaNa kiye hue kA tyAga aura bhASA ye ina tInoM kA alaga-alaga rUpa se jaghanya kAla eka samaya kA hai, lekina grahaNa aura tyAga (vacana vyApAra kI apekSA) kA yugapat kAla jaghanya do samaya kA hai| bhASA kA bolanA nisarga hI hai, arthAt bhASA dravya kA tyAga hI bhASA hai, isakA kAla jaghanya se eka samaya pramANa hai| lekina grahaNa aura tyAga yaha ubhaya rUpa se bhASA nahIM kahalAtI hai| kyoMki usakA jaghanya kAla do samaya kA hai| isalie bhASA kA kAla mAna eka samaya kA hI hai| bhASA dravya kA grahaNa, grahaNa kiye hue kA tyAga aura bhASA ina tInoM kA tathA grahaNa aura tyAga kA yugapat utkRSTa kAla alaga-alaga rUpa se antarmuhUrta hai| isa utkRSTa kAla meM jo mahAn prayatna vAlA hotA hai, usakA antarmuhUrta choTA hotA hai aura jo alpaprayatna vAlA hotA hai, usakA antarmuhUrta bar3A hotA hai|47 bhASA ke pudgaloM dvArA vyApya kSetra jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra jIva audArikAdi zarIra se bhASA ke dravya ko grahaNa karatA hai aura mukta karatA hai| mukta bhASA ke pudgala dravya loka paryanta vyApta hote haiN| yahA~ virodhAbhAsa pratIta hotA hai kyoMki pUrva meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki bAraha yojana se adhika dUrI se Aye zabda mandapariNAma vAle hone se jIva ko barAbara sunAI nahIM dete haiN| yadi bAraha yojana se adhika dUrI vAle bhASA ke dravya Ate haiM to zrotrendriya ke viSaya kI maryAdA meM rahe hue dravyoM meM vAsanA kA jo sAmarthya hotA hai, vaisA hI sAmarthya indriya-viSaya kI maryAdA ke bAhara ke pudgala dravyoM meM hotA hai ki nahIM? dravya kA sAmarthya sampUrNa loka kI vyApti paryanta hai, to kitane samaya meM bhASA ke dravya samrpUNa loka ko vyApta karate haiM? ityAdi zaMkAoM kA uttara jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa dete hue kahate haiM ki kisI bhASA ke pudgala cAra samaya meM sampUrNa loka meM vyApta hote haiM aura loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM bhASA kA asaMkhyAtvAM bhAga meM vyApta hotA hai| 42 maMdaprayatna vAlA vaktA abhinna aura mahAprayatna vAlA vaktA bhedakara bhASA dravyoM ko nikAlatA hai| maMdaprayatna vAle vaktA ke dvArA bolI gaI bhASA ke jina abhinna dravyoM ko nikAlA jAtA hai, ve dravya asaMkhyAta avagAhanA vargaNA taka jA kara bheda ko prApta ho jAte haiM, phira saMkhyAta yojana taka Age jAkara naSTa ho jAte haiN| yahI bAta prajJApanA sUtra ke bhASApada meM bhI kahI hai|43 mahAprayatna vAle vaktA ke dvArA bolI gaI bhASA ke jo dravya mukta hote haiM, ve sUkSma aura bahuta hone se ananta guNa 140. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 368-370 141, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 371-372 142. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 378-380 143. jAI abhiNNAI Nisirati tAI asaMkhejjAo ogAhaNavaggaNAo gaMtA bheyamAvajaMti, saMkhejAI joyaNAI gaMtA viddhNsmaagcchnti| - prajJApanAsUtra pada 11, pR. 85

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [87] vRddhi prApta karake chahoM dizAoM meM lokAntaparyanta taka jAte haiM aura parAghAta dvArA vAsanA vizeSa se hI dravya samUha meM bhASA pariNAma utpanna hokara tIna samaya meM sampUrNa loka ko pUrita karate haiN| 44 matAntara - kucha AcAryoM kA mata hai ki jisa prakAra kevalisamudghAta 45 meM daMDAdi karate hue cAra samaya meM samagra loka pUrita hotA hai, usI prakAra bhASA ke pudgala bhI cAra samaya meM sampUrNa loka ko pUrita karate haiN| lekina jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra yaha ekAnta rUpa se sahI nahIM hai| tIna samaya - isI prakAra kucha AcAryoM kA mata hai ki tIna samaya meM bhASA ke dravya loka ko pUrita karate haiN| jaise ki loka ke madhya meM koI mahAprayatna vAlA vaktA bhASA bolatA hai to prathama samaya meM hI bhASA dravya chahoM dizAoM meM jAte haiN| jIva aura sUkSma pudgaloM kI gati zreNI ke anusAra hotI hai| dUsare samaya meM chahoM dizAoM meM gaye hue bhAga dravya daMDa rUpa cAroM dizAoM meM zreNI ke anusAra vAsita dravyoM ko phailAkara cha: manthAna rUpa hote haiN| tIsare samaya meM manthAna ke AntaroM ko pUrita karake samagra loka ko pUrita karate haiN| cAra samaya - svayaMbhUramaNa samudra ke taTavartI lokAnta meM arthAt aloka ke atyanta najadIka rahakara bolane vAlA athavA trasanAr3I ke bAhara cAra dizAoM meM kisI bhI dizA meM rahakara bolane vAlA bhASAdravyoM se cAra samaya meM loka ko pUrita karatA hai| jaiseki trasanAr3I ke bAhara rahakara bole gaye bhASA ke dravya pahale samaya meM trasanAr3I meM praveza karate haiM, zeSa tIna samaya kI prakriyA uparyuktAnusAra jAnanI caahie| svayaMbhUramaNa samudra ke dUsare taTa para rahe hue lokAnta meM cAra dizAoM meM se kisI eka dizA meM vaktA vyavasthita rahatA hai, taba dAyeM, bAyeM pIche, Upara aura nIce kI dizAoM kA aloka se skhalana hone ke kAraNa bhASA dravya prathama samaya meM loka ke madhya meM praveza karate haiN| bAkI tIna samaya kA varNana uparyuktAnusAra hai| pAMca samaya - trasanAr3I ke bAhara vidizA meM rahakara bolene vAlA ke bhASAdravya se samagra loka pUrNa hone meM pAMca samaya lagate haiN| prathama samaya meM vidizA meM rahe hue bhASA dravya samazreNI (dizA) meM Ate haiN| dUsare samaya meM loka (trasa) nAr3I ke madhya meM Ate haiM, isa prakAra do samaya meM bhASA dravya loka meM praveza karate haiM, isake bAda zeSa tIna samaya kI prakriyA uparyuktAnusAra hai| isa prakAra pAMca samaya meM bhASAdravya loka ko pUrita karate haiN| 46 zaMkA - yadi aisA hai to phira niyuktikAra ne cAra samaya meM loka pUrita karate haiM aisA kyoM kahA hai| samAdhAna - jinabhadragaNi isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM ki jaise tarAjU ke madhya bhAga kA grahaNa karane se Adi aura anta bhAga kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai, vaise hI cAra samaya rUpa madhya kA grahaNa karane se AdyantavartI tIna aura pAMca sayama kA bhI grahaNa ho jAtA hai, kyoMki sUtra kI gati vicitra hai| sUtra meM kisI bhI sthala para deza se grahaNa hotA hai aura kisI sthala meM sampUrNa se grahaNa hotA hai aura kisI samaya kAraNavazAt kramarahita aura kramasahita bhI sUtra meM varNana hotA hai|47 tIna samaya kI vyApti meM pahale, dUsare samaya meM loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM bhASA dravya kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga pUrita hotA hai| tIna samaya kI vyApti ke tIsare samaya meM bhASA samasta loka meM vyApta hotI hai| cAra samaya kI vyApti meM pahale samaya meM loka ke madhya meM praveza aura dUsare samaya 144. jAI bhiNNAI Nisirati tAI aNaMtaguNaparivaDDhIe parivaDDhamANAI parivaDDhamANAI loyaMtaM phusNti| - prajJApanAsUtra pada 11, pR. 85, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 381-382 145. kevalisamudghAta kA varNana kevalajJAna ke prasaMga para kiyA gayA hai| 146. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 383-387 147. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 388-389

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[88] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana daNDa banAnA, tIsare samaya meM loka ke saMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM samasta loka ko vyApta karane vAlI bhASA kA bhI saMkhyAtavAM bhAga hotA hai aura cauthe samaya meM sampUrNa loka vyApta hotA hai| pAMca samaya kI vyApti meM pahale samaya meM bhASA dravyoM ko vidizA se dizA meM gamana, dUsare samaya meM loka ke madhya meM praveza, isa prakAra donoM vyApti meM bhI yaha le aura dUsare samaya meM loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM bhASA kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga hotA hai| tIsare samaya meM loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM bhASA kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga hotA hai, kyoMki isa tIsare samaya meM daNDa hotA hai| cauthe samaya meM loka ke saMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM bhASA kA saMkhyAtavAM bhAga hotA hai aura pAMcaveM samaya meM sampUrNa loka pUrita hotA hai| uparyukta sArA kathana mahAprayatna vAle vaktA ke dvArA choDe gaye dravya kI apekSA se jAnanA caahie| maMdaprayatna vAle vaktA ke dvArA choDe hue bhASAdravya loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM hI hote haiM, kyoMki daNDAdi krama se unakA loka meM vyApta honA saMbhava nahIM hai| tIna-cAra-pAMca samaya kI vyApti ke carama samaya meM arthAt tIsare-cauthe-pAMcaveM samaya meM bhASAdravya sampUrNa loka meM vyApta hone para loka aura bhASA donoM kA bhI anta hotA hai arthAt loka ke caramAnta meM bhASA kA caramAnta hotA hai|148 jinabhadragaNi kA mata - kevalisamudghAta ke prathama samaya meM daNDa, dUsare samaya meM kapATa, tIsare samaya meM manthAna aura cauthe samaya meM apAntarAla pUrNa hotA hai| lekina bhASAdravya se tIna samaya meM hI loka pUrita ho jAtA hai| cAra samaya ke sambandha meM prApta matAntara aura unakA khaNDana - uparyukta varNana se yadi cAra samaya meM pUrita kare to kyA bAdhA hai? jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa kahate haiM ki kevalisamudghAta ke dUsare samaya meM kapATa hotA hai, jabaki bhASA ke varNana meM dUsare samaya meM manthAna hotA hai| kevalisamudghAta meM to bhavopagrAhI karmoM kA nAza hotA hai, isalie daNDAdi kA krama usameM svabhAva se hI hotA hai, isalie usameM cAra samaya lagate haiN| lekina bhASAdravya kA zreNI meM gamana aura parAghAta se dUsare dravyoM ko vAsita karane ke svabhAva, ye donoM sakala loka kI vyApti meM kAraNa haiN| isaliye prathama samaya meM daMDa, Urdhva aura adha: jAtA huA avizeSa rUpa se cAroM dizAoM meM zabda ke prayoga ke lie yogya dravyoM kA parAdhAta hotA hai| parAghAta se anya dravyoM ko vAsita karane se una bhASA dravyoM meM dUsare samaya meM ve zabda-dravya prasAra ko prApta karate haiM aura manthAna ko sAdhate haiN| tIsare samaya meM unake antarAla ko pUrita karake sampUrNa loka ko pUrita karate haiN| isalie tIna samaya meM antarAla ApUrita hotA hai, aisA kahA gayA hai| 149 zaMkA - prajJApanA sUtra ke pAMcaveM pada ajIva paryAya meM acitta mahAskaMdha kA varNana hai, vaha acita pudgaloM kA skaMdha hotA hai| usakI sthiti bhI cAra samaya kI hotI hai| vaise bhASA bhI pudgalamaya hone para vaha bhI cAra samaya meM loka ko pUrita karatI hai, isameM kyA bAdhA hai? samAdhAna - yaha yogya nahIM hai, kyoMki acitamahAskaMdha visrasA pariNAma se hotA hai aura vinasA yadyapi vicitra hai arthAt acita mahAskaMdha kA aisA hI svabhAva hai| dUsarA yaha ki virasA pariNAma parAghAta se dUsare dravyoM meM apanA pariNAma utpanna nahIM karatA, parantu apane pudgaloM se hI loka ko vyApta karatA hai, isalie vaha cAra samaya kA hI hai| vahA~ para bhI jo parAghAta hogA vaha bhI bhASA se loka ko vyApta karane ke samAna tIna samaya kA hogA, cAra samaya kA nhiiN| skaMdha bhI visrasA se hotA hai, usameM parAghAta nahIM hotA hai, isalie vaha cAra samaya kA hai| isa prakAra bhASyakAra ke matAnusAra to tIna samaya meM hI bhASA ke pudgala loka ko pUrita kara dete haiN|150 148. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 390-391 149. vahI, gAthA 392-393 150. vahI, gAthA 394-395

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [89] ... mana kA svarUpa parokSa jJAna meM indriya ke alAvA mana bhI pramukha sAdhana hai| ataH sabhI darzanoM ne kisI na kisI rUpa meM mana ke astitva ko svIkAra kiyA hai tathA usakA svarUpa nirUpita kiyA hai| mana kA astitva nyAyasUtrakAra kA mantavya hai ki eka sAtha aneka jJAna utpanna nahIM hote| isa anumAna se ve mana kI sattA svIkAra karate haiN|51 vAtsyAyana ke anusAra smRti jJAna bAhya indriyoM se utpanna nahIM hotA hai aura vibhinna indriyoM tathA unake viSayoM ke rahate hue bhI eka sAtha sabakA jJAna nahIM hotA, isase mana kA astitva apane Apa siddha ho jAtA hai| 52 annambhaTTa ke matAnusAra sukha Adi kI pratyakSa upalabdhi kA sAdhana mana ko mAnA gayA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra saMzaya, pratibhA, svapna, jJAna, vitarka, sukha, duHkha, kSamA, icchA Adi mana ke aneka liMga haiN|154 uparyukta pramANoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki parokSa jJAna kA indriyoM ke alAvA anya dUsarA sAdhana bhI honA cAhie jisase ki jJAna hotA hai aura vaha dUsarA sAdhana mana hI hai| mana kA svarUpa __ manana karanA mana hai arthAt jisake dvArA manana kiyA jAtA hai vaha mana hai| manoyogya manovargaNA se gRhIta ananta pudgaloM se nirmita mana dravya mana hai| dravya mana ke sahAre jo cintana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha bhAvamana (AtmA) hai|155 dhavalA ke anusAra jo bhI bhalI prakAra se (IhA, avAya, dhAraNA, smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna, Agama Adi pUrvaka) jAnatA hai, use saMjJA yA mana kahate haiN|56 / dravyasaMgraha kI TIkAnusAra - mana aneka prakAra ke saMkalpa vikalpoM kA jAla hai| jisameM smRti, kalpanA aura ciMtana ho vaha mana hai| jaise jo atIta kI smRti, bhaviSya kI kalpanA aura vartamAna kA ciMtana karatA hai, vaha mana hai| ata: jisameM traikAlika jJAna kI kSamatA ho, vaha mana hai| jaba smRti, kalpanA aura ciMtana nahIM hote haiM taba mana nahIM hotA hai| jaba mana hotA hai taba tInoM Avazyaka ho jAte haiN| "manute'rthAn manyante'rthAH aneneti vA manaH"758 arthAt jo padArthoM kA manana karatA hai yA jisake dvArA padArthoM kA manana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha mana kahalAtA hai| jaise artha ke bhASaNa ke binA bhASA kI pravRtti nahIM hotI, usI prakAra artha ke manana ke binA mana kI pravRtti nahIM hotii| digambara grantha dhavalA ke anusAra mana svataH nokarma hai| pudgala vipAkI aMgopAMga nAma karma ke udaya kI apekSA rakhane vAlA dravya mana hai tathA vIryAntarAya aura no-indriya karma kSayopazama se jo vizuddhi utpanna hotI hai, vaha bhAva mana hai| aparyApta avasthA meM dravya mana ke yogya dravya kI utpatti se pUrva usakA sattva mAnane se virodha AtA hai, isalie aparyApta avasthA meM bhAva mana ke astitva kA nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai|159 151, nyAyasUtra, 1.1.16 152. nyAyasUtra, vAtsyAyanabhASya 1.1.16 153. sukhAdyupalabdhisAdhanamindriyaM mnH| - tarkasaMgraha 154. saMzayapratibhAsvapnajJAnehAsukhAdikSamecchAdayazca manaso liNgaani| - sanmatiprakaraNa TIkA, kANDa 2 155. maNNaM va mannae vA'NeNa maNo teNa davvao taM c| tajjoggapuggalamayaM bhAvamaNo bhaNNae mNtaa| - vizeSA0 bhASya, gAthA 3525 156. samyak jAnAtIti saMjJaM mnH| - SaTakhaNDAgama (dhavalATIkA) pustaka 1, sUtra 1.1. 4, pR. 152 157. nAnAvikalpajAlarUpaM mano bhnnyte| - bRhat dravyasaMgraha, prathama adhikAra, gAthA 12 kI TIkA, pR. 24 158. zrI yazovijayagaNi, jainatarkabhASA, pR. 11 159. dhavalATIkA, bhAga 1, sUtra 1.1.35, pR. 259-260

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[90] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana "maNijjamANe maNe" manana karate samaya hI mana hotA hai arthAt manana se pahale aura manana ke bAda mana nahIM hotA hai| jaiseki bolane se pahale aura bolane ke bAda bhASA nahIM hotI hai, lekina jaba taka bolate haiM tabhI bhASA hotI hai| vaise hI mana ke lie bhI samajhanA caahie| jisase vicAra kiyA jA sake vaha Atmika zakti mana hai aura isa zakti se vicAra karane meM sahAyaka hone vAle eka prakAra ke sUkSma paramANu bhI mana kahalAte haiN| pahale ko bhAva mana aura dUsare ko dravya mana kahate haiN| mana ke prakAra jaina darzana ke anusAra mana cetana dravya aura acetana dravya ke guNa ke anusAra utpanna hotA hai| ataH jainadarzanAnusAra mana do prakAra kA hotA hai - 1. cetana (bhAva mana) aura 2. paudgalika (dravya mn)| bhAva mana jIvamaya hai aura arUpI hai tathA dravya mana pudgalamaya hai aura rUpI hai| dravyamana aura bhAvamana aise bheda AgamoM meM nahIM milate haiN| bhagavatIsUtra ke 12veM zataka ke pAMcaveM uddezaka meM rUpI-arUpI ke varNana meM kRSNAdi chaha lezyAoM ke dravya aura bhAva se bheda kiye gae haiN| dravya lezyA aSTasparzI rUpI aura bhAva lezyA arUpI hai| vahA~ para mana, vacanAdi yogoM kA bhI varNana hai| yadi ke lezyA kI taraha manoyoga dravya aura bhAva bheda hote to isakA bhI ullekha hotaa| kintu vahA~ (bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 12, uddezaka 5) para mana ke dravya aura bhAva rUpa se bheda nahIM kiye gaye haiN| vahA~ mana ko catuHsparzI rUpI hI batAyA hai| bhagavatI sUtra zataka 13 uddezaka 7 "AyA bhaMte! maNe, anne maNe? goyamA! no AyA maNe, anne maNe" ityAdi pATha meM mana ko AtmA se bhinna hI svIkAra kiyA hai| yahAM bhI bhAva mana kI apekSA se mana ko AtmA rUpa svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isa Agama pATha se bhI mana ke dravya aura bhAva bheda nahIM hote haiM, aisA hI spaSTa hotA hai| yadyapi nikSepa paddhati se mana ke bhI nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva ye cAra nikSepa hote haiN| kintu yahA~ para mana kA jo bhAva nikSepa kiyA hai, vaha kAya yoga se gRhIta manovargaNA ke pudgaloM ko manoyoga ke rUpa se pravartAnA bhAva mana kahA gayA hai| manoyoga meM pariNata karane ke pahale aura bAda meM jo chor3e hue pudgala haiM, ve bhAva mana ke kAraNa evaM kArya hone se dravya mana kahalAte haiN| tathApi ekendriyoM meM jo bhAva mana kahA jAtA hai, vaha isa bhAva nikSepa se gRhIta nahIM hotA hai| isalie nikSepa paddhati se mana ke dravya, bhAva bheda Agamika hote hue bhI ekendriyoM meM mAne jAne vAle dravya aura bhAva bheda AgamoM meM nahIM milate haiN| Agama meM mana ko paudgalika hI mAnA hai| bhAvamana mAnane vAle bhAva mana ko apaudgalika mAnate haiN| nandIcUrNi meM nikSepa paddhati se mana ke dravya aura bhAva bheda kiye haiN| manaH paryApti nAma karma ke udaya se jaba manodravya ko grahaNa karake mana rUpa meM pariNata kiyA jAtA hai, to vaha dravya mana kahalAtA hai| 61 phira kriyAvana jIva ke mana kA pariNAma bhAva mana hotA hai| isakA yaha artha hai ki manodravya ke Alambana se jIva ke mana kA vyApAra 'bhAva mana' kahalAtA hai| 62 vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM batAyA hai ki dravyamana manovargaNA ke pudgaloM se banA huA hai| yaha mana kA bhautika pakSa hai| sAdhAraNa rUpa se isameM zarIrastha sabhI jJAnAtmaka evaM saMvedanAtmaka aMga A jAte haiN| manovargaNA ke paramANuoM se nirmita usa bhautika racanA tantra meM pravAhita hone vAlI caitanyadhArA 160. paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, tattvArthasUtra (hindI vivecana), pR. 54 161. maNapajatinAmakammodayato jogge maNodavve ghetuM maNatteNaM pariNAmiyA davvA davvamaNo bhaNNai iti| - dravya loka prakAza, sarga 3, pR. 163 162. jIvoM puNa maNapariNAma kiriyAvaMto bhAvamaNo, kiM bhaNiyaM hoi maNadavvAlaMbaNo jIvassa maNaNavAvAro bhAvamaNo bhnnnni| - dravya loka prakAza, sarga 3, pR. 163

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [91] bhAvamana hai| dUsare zabdoM meM AtmA se milI huI cintana-manana rUpa caitanya zakti hI bhAva mana hai| jIva meM jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke tathAvidha kSayopazama se jo manana karane kI labdhi hotI hai tathA manana rUpa upayoga calatA hai, ye donoM 'bhAvamana' kahalAte haiM tathA usa manana kriyA meM jo sahAyaka hai tathA jisakA nirmANa mana:paryApti ke dvArA manovargaNA ke pudgala grahaNa kara ke huA hai, vaha 'dravya mana' hai| yaha mana AtmA se bhinna hai aura ajIva hai, kintu vaha jIva ke hI hotA hai, ajIva ke nhiiN| yaha bAta bhagavatI sUtra ke zataka 13 uddezaka 7 se spaSTa hai|63 terahaveM guNasthAna meM mana, vacana Adi yogoM kA nirodha kara kevalI caudahaveM guNasthAna meM jAte haiN| ataH ve 'ayogI' kahe jAte haiN| ayogI hokara hI AtmA mokSa jAtI hai, ataH mokSa meM siddha bhagavAn ke mana nahIM hotA hai| malayagiri ke anusAra - mana:paryAptinAmakarma ke udaya se mana ke prAyogya vargaNAoM ko grahaNa kara jo manarUpa meM pariNata hone vAlA dravya hai, vaha dravyamana hai| dravyamana ke sahAre jIva kA jo mana pariNAma hai, vaha bhAva mana hai|64 dravyamana ke binA bhAvamana nahIM hotaa| kintu bhAva mana ke binA dravyamana ho sakatA hai| jaise bhavastha kevalI ke dravyamana hotA hai, bhAvamana nhiiN|165 dravya mana kI apekSA bhAva mana kI adhika zakti aura sattA hai| bhAva mana kI sajagatA kA hI supariNAma hai ki jIva bhogI se rogI aura yogI bhI banatA hai| saMyogI, viyogI, niryogI ye saba bhAva mana kI dena haiN| bhAva mana se hI nara nArAyaNa, AtmA paramAtmA banatA hai| isalie bhAva mana meM jisa prakAra manana hotA hai - vicAradhArAeM calatI haiM, usI ke anusAra dravya mana bhI parivartita hotA rahatA hai| yadi bhAva mana prazasta hotA hai, to dravya mana bhI prazasta varNa Adi vAlA hotA hai| yadi bhAva mana aprazasta hotA hai, to dravya mana bhI aprazasta varNa Adi vAlA hotA hai| kyoMki manuSya ke cAroM ora eka AbhAmaNDala hotA hai| AbhAmaNDala ke astitva ko vijJAna bhI svIkAra karatA hai| AbhAmaMDala vyakti kI cetanA ke sAtha-sAtha rahane vAlA pudgaloM aura paramANuoM kA saMsthAna hai| cetanA vyakti ke taijasa zarIra ko sakriya banAtI hai| jaba taijasa zarIra sakriya hotA hai taba vaha kiraNoM kA vikiraNa karatA hai| yaha vikiraNa hI vyakti ke zarIra para vartulAkAra gherA banA letA hai| yaha gherA hI AbhAmaMDala hai| AbhAmaMDala vyakti ke bhAva maMDala (cetanA) ke anurUpa hI hotA hai| bhAvamaMDala jitanA zuddha hotA hai, AbhAmaMDala bhI utanA hI zuddha hogaa| bhAva maMDala malina hogA to AbhAmaMDala bhI malina hogaa| ataH isase siddha hotA hai ki bhAva mana se hI dravya mana parivartita hotA hai| dUsarI apekSA se paudgalika mana bhAvAtmaka mana kA AdhAra hotA hai| jaise vastu kI saMkhyA evaM guNavattA ke AdhAra para bAjAra-bhAva hotA hotA hai, vaise hI dravya mana ke AdhAra para bhAva mana bhI vicAroM kI nyUnAdhikatA, utthAna-patana, saMkoca-vistAra se yukta hotA hai arthAt dravya mana ke binA bhAvAtmaka mana apanA kArya nahIM kara sktaa| usameM akele meM jJAna zakti nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki bhAva mana vicArAtmaka hotA hai| mana mAtra hI jIva nahIM hai, parantu mana jIva bhI hai, jIva se sarvathA bhinna nahIM hai, arthAt ise Atmika mana kahate haiN| labdhi aura upayoga usake do bheda haiN| prathama mAnasa jJAna kA 163. AyA bhaMte ! maNe, anne maNe? goyamA! no AyA maNe, anne mnne| jahA bhAsA tahA maNe vi jAva no ajIvANaM mnne| - yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, bhagavatI sUtra bhAga 3, za. 13. u. 7, sUtra 10-11, pR. 329 164. mana:paryAptinAmakarmodayo yat manaHprAyogyavargaNAdalikamAdAya manastvena pariNamitaM tadravyarUpaM mnH| dravyamano'vaSTambhena jIvasya yo mananapariNAmaH sa bhaavmnH| - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 174 165. dravyamano'nteraNa bhAvamanaso'sambhavAt, bhAvamano vinApi ca dravyamano bhavati, yathA bhvsthkevlinH|-mlygiri, naMdIvRtti, pR.174

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[92] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana vikAsa hai aura dUsarA usakA vyApAra hai| donoM ke yoga se mAnasika kriyAeM hotI haiN| prazna hotA hai ki yadi koI vizeSa kArya bhAva mana se hotA hai to dravya mana kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? isake uttara meM kahanA hogA ki jisa prakAra eka vRddha vyakti ke pairoM meM calane kI zakti hote hue bhI vaha binA lakar3I ke sahAre ke cala nahIM pAtA hai, vaise hI bhAvamana hote hue bhI dravya mana ke binA spaSTa vicAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| isalie bhAva mana jitanA hI dravya mana kA bhI mahattva hai| mana:paryAyajJAna mAtra rUpI dravya ko hI jAnane vAlA hai, ataH manaHparyAyajJAnI mana:paryAyajJAna ke dvArA mAtra dravya mana ko jAnate haiM, kintu arUpI bhAva mana ko nahIM jAna skte|| manaHparyAyajJAnI, dravya mana ke varNAdi paryAyoM ko jAnakara anumAna se yaha nizcaya karate haiM ki 'amuka saMjJI jIva ke amuka vicAra hone hI cAhie, kyoMki dravya mana kI aisI varNAdi paryAyeM tabhI ho sakatI haiM, jabaki amuka prakAra kA bhAva mana ho, anyathA nahIM ho sktii| jaise mana ko jAnane vAle mAnasa-zAstrI, mana ko sAkSAt nahIM dekhte| ve mana ke anurUpa mukha para Ane vAlI bhAva bhaMgimAoM ko sAkSAt dekhakara anumAna se yaha nizcaya karate haiM ki - 'isake amuka vicAra hone cAhie', kyoMki mukha para aisI bhAva bhaMgimAeM tabhI utpanna ho sakatI haiM jabaki isake mana meM amuka prakAra kA bhAva ho|66 usI prakAra dravyamana kI bhaMgimAoM se bhAvamana ko jAnA jAtA hai| mana ke anya prakAra sthAnAMga sUtra meM bhI mana ke tIna prakAra evaM mana kI avasthAoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai| mana ke tIna prakAra batAye haiM - 1. tanmana, 2. tadanyamana, aura 3. no-amana tathA mana kI tIna avasthAeM - 1. sumanaskatA, 2. durmanaskatA aura 3. no-manaskatA aura no-durmnsktaa|67 AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra meM mana ke cAra bheda kiye haiM - 1. vikSipta mana 2. yAtAyAta mana 3. zliSTa mana 4. sulIna mn|68 isI prakAra mana kA sambandha upayoga (cetanA) aura vedanA se hai| isa dRSTi se mana ke tIna bheda haiM - 1. azubha mana, 2. zubha mana aura 3. zuddha mn| niyamana kI dRSTi se mana ke do bheda haiM - 1. niyantrita mana aura 2. aniyantrita mn| bhAvanA ke utthAna-patana kI dRSTi se mana ke do bheda haiM - 1. AzAvAdI mana aura 2. nirAzAvAdI mn| mana kA sthAna hama vicAroM se mana ko jisa rUpa meM parivartita karanA cAheM, parivartita kara sakate haiN| kyoMki usake asaMkhyAta paryAya hote haiN| hamAre vicAroM ke anusAra mana kA AkAra hotA hai| mana kahAM para sthita hai - isa sambandha meM vividha mAnyatAeM prApta hotI haiM - vaizeSika,169 naiyAyika,170 aura mImAMsaka mana ko paramANu rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| isalie mana ko nitya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sAMkhyadarzana, yogadarzana aura vedAntadarzana mana ko aNurUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM aura usakI utpatti prAkRtika ahaMkAra tattva se yA avidyA se mAnate haiN|1 bauddha jaina dRSTi se mana na to vyApaka hai aura na paramANu rUpa hI hai, kintu madhyama parimANavAlA hai| 166. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 74 167. tivihe maNe paNNatte, taM jahA - tammaNe, tayaNNamaNe, nnoamnne|| 357 / / tao purisajAyA paNNattA, taM jahA - sumaNe, dummaNe, nnosumnne-nnodummnne| 188 / / - yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, sthAnAMgasUtra, sthAna 3 sUtra 357, 188 168. iha vikSiptaM yAtAyAtaM zliSTaM tathA sulIna c| cetazcatuHprakAraM tajjJacamatkArakAri bhavet / / 2 / / - AcArya hemacandra, yogazAstra, bhAga 3, prakAza 12, gAthA 2, pR. 1185 169. vaizeSikasUtra 7.1.123 ___170. nyAyasUtra 3.2.61 171. yasmAt karmendriyANi buddhIndriyANi ca sAttvikAdaMhakArAdutpadyante mano'pi tasmAdeva utpdyte| - mAThara kArikA 27

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [93] vaizeSika darzana ne jo mana ko aNu rUpa mAnA hai usakA khaNDana karate hue akalaMka kahate haiM ki mana ko aNu rUpa mAnane para cakSu ke jisa aMza se mana kA saMyoga ho usI se rUpa jJAna dRSTigocara honA cAhie, lekina sampUrNa cakSu se rUpa kA jJAna hotA hai| isalie mana aNu rUpa nahIM ho sakatA hai| 72 bauddha mana ko hRdayapradezavartI mAnate haiN| yaha digambara paramparA ke nikaTa hai| sAMkhya paramparA zvetAmbara paramparA ke nikaTa hai, kyoMki sAMkhya paramparA ke anusAra mana kA sthAna kevala hRdaya nahIM hai, kyoMki mana sUkSma-liMga zarIra meM jo aSTAdaza tattvoM kA viziSTa nikAyarUpa hai, praviSTa hai aura sUkSma zarIra kA sthAna sampUrNa sthUla zarIra hai, isalie mana sampUrNa zarIra meM vyApta hai|13| jainadarzana ke anusAra bhAva mana kA sthAna AtmA hai, kintu dravya mana ke sambandha meM eka hI mata nahIM hai| digambara paramparA dravya mana ko hRdaya meM mAnatI hai,174 kintu zvetAmbara paramparA meM aisA koI varNana nahIM milatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM paM. sukhalAlajI kA mata hai ki dravya mana kA sthAna sampUrNa zarIra hai|175 tattvArthasUtra ke hindI vivecana meM unhoMne aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai, yathA - "prazna - kyA mana bhI netra Adi kI taraha zarIra ke kisI viziSTa sthAna meM rahatA hai yA sarvatra rahatA hai? uttara - vaha zarIra ke bhItara sarvatra rahatA hai, kisI viziSTa sthAna meM nahIM, kyoMki zarIra ke bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM meM sthita indriyoM ke dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye sabhI viSayoM meM mana kI gati hai, jo use dehavyApI mAne binA sambhava nhiiN| isIlie kahA jAtA hai ki yatra pavanastatra manaH"176 yogazAstra meM AcArya hemacandra bhI mana kA sthAna sampUrNa zarIra mAnate haiM, unake anusAra jahA~ jahA~ prANavAyu (marut) hai vahA~-vahA~ mana hai| donoM paraspara kAraNa-kArya haiN|7 bhAva mana kA sthAna AtmA hI hai, kyoMki Atmapradeza sampUrNa zarIra meM vyApta haiN| ataH bhAva mana sampUrNa zarIra meM vyApta hai|78 digambara AcArya pUjyapAda ne mana ko anavasthita kahA hai kyoMki mana AtmA kA liMga hote hue bhI pratiniyata deza meM sthita padArtha ko viSaya nahIM karatA aura kAlAntara meM bhI sthita nahIM rahatA hai|79 isa mata kA samarthana akalaMka ne bhI kiyA hai| akalaMka ke anusAra jahA~-jahA~ upayoga hotA hai vahA~ vahA~ aMgula ke asaMkhyAta bhAga pramANa Atma pradeza mana rUpa se pariNata ho jAte haiN| bhAva mana rUpa meM pariNata AtmA jaba guNa-doSa vicAra, cintana, smaraNAdi kAryoM ko karane ke lie pravRtta hotA hai to vaha ina kAryoM ko dravya mana ke sahayoga se pUrNa karatA hai| ina kAryoM ke upasthita hone para hI dravya mana kA nirmANa hotA hai aura kArya pUrNa hone para dravya mana naSTa ho jAtA hai| cintanAdi kArya karate samaya pudgala paramANuoM se nirmita aneka manovargaNAeM mana rUpa se pariNata hotI haiM tathA usa kArya ko sampanna hone para ve vargaNAeM mana rUpa avasthA kA tyAga kara detI haiN|180 172. akalaMka, tattvArtharAjavArtika, sanAtana jaina graMthamAlA, 5.19.24 pR. 219-220 173. paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, darzana aura cintana, bhAga 1, pR. 140 174. gommaTasAra, jIvakAMDa bhAga 2 (tRtIya saMskaraNa), naI dillI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, san 2000, gAthA 443 175. darzana aura cintana, bhAga 1, pR. 140 176. tattvArthasUtra (hindI vivecana), pR. 60 177. mano yatra maruttatra, marudyatra manastataH / atastulyakriyAvetau, saMvItau kSIra-nIravat / / - yogazAstra, prakAza 5, gAthA 2 pR. 971 178. darzana aura cintana, bhAga 1, pR.140 179. na tathA manaH indrasya liMgamapisatpratiniyata viSayaM kAlAntarAvasthAyi c| - sarvArthasiddhi, a. 1, sU. 14, pR. 78 180. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 5.19.6. pR. 217

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[94] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana viSaya-grahaNa kI dRSTi se indriyA~ ekadezI haiM, ataH ve niyata dezAzrayI kahalAtI haiN| kintu jJAna-zakti kI dRSTi se indriyA~ sarvAtmavyApI haiN| indriya aura mana kSAyopazamika-AvaraNa janya vikAsa ke kAraNa se hai| AvaraNa vilaya sarvAtma-dezoM kA hotA hai|181 mana viSaya-grahaNa kI dRSTi se bhI zarIra-vyApI hai| jaina darzana meM sukha-duHkhAdi ke pratyakSa ke lie mana ko ekAMta rUpa se kAraNa svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| akalaMka ke anusAra "vastutaH garama lohapiNDa kI taraha AtmA kA hI indriya rUpa se pariNamana huA hai, ata: cetana rUpa hone se indriyA~ svayaM sukha-duHkha kA vedana karatI haiN| yadi mana ke binA bhAvendriyoM se sukha-duHkhAnubhava na ho to ekendriya, vikalendriya tathA asaMjJI paMcendriya jIvoM ko sukha-duHkha kA anubhava nahIM honA caahie| guNadoSa vicArAdi mana ke svataMtra kArya haiN| manolabdhi vAle AtmA ko jo pudgala mana rUpa se pariNata hue haiM ve andhakAra timirAdi bAhyendriyoM ke upaghAtaka kAraNoM ke rahate hue bhI guNa doSa vicAra aura smaraNa Adi vyApAra meM sahAyaka hote hI haiM, isalie mana kA svataMtra astitva hai|"182 mana kA adhikArI kauna? vyakta cetanatva kI apekSA se saMjJI paMcendriya prANI hI mana ke adhikArI hote haiM, para saMjJIzruta kI apekSA se dUsare prANI bhI mana ke adhikArI haiN| saMjJI zruta ke varNana meM tIna prakAra kI saMjJAeM batAI haiM,183 jo nimna prakAra se haiM - 1. dIrghakAlikI saMjJA - jisase jIvoM meM IhA, apoha, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA, cintA aura vimarza karane kI yogyatA ho vaha dIrghakAlikI saMjJA kahalAtI hai athavA jisa saMjJA meM bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna tInoM kAloM kA jJAna ho arthAt maiM yaha kArya kara cukA hU~, yaha kArya kara rahA hU~ aura yaha kArya karUMgA, isa prakAra kA cintana dIrghakAlikI saMjJA hai| jina jIvoM meM yaha saMjJA hotI hai vaha saMjJI aura jina jIvoM meM yaha yogyatA nahIM unheM asaMjJI kahate haiN| yaha saMjJA deva, nArakI, garbhaja tiryaMcoM, garbhaja manuSyoM meM hotI hai| 2. hetuvAdopadezikI saMjJA - jisameM prAyaH vartamAna kAlika jJAna ho use hetuvAdopadezikI saMjJA kahate haiM arthAt apane zarIra kI rakSA ke lie iSTa vastuoM ko grahaNa karane tathA aniSTa vastuoM kA tyAga karane rUpa jo upayogI vartamAnakAlika jJAna hotA hai, use hetuvAdopadezikI saMjJA kahate haiN| jina jIvoM meM yaha saMjJA hotI hai vaha saMjJI aura jina jIvoM meM yaha yogyatA nahIM unheM asaMjJI kahate haiN| yaha saMjJA dvIndriya Adi asaMjJI jIvoM meM hotI hai| 3. dRSTivAdopadezikI saMjJA - jIva-ajIva, puNya-pApa, Asrava-saMvara-nirjarA, baMdha, mokSa, ina nava tattvoM kA samyag yathArthajJAna aura ruci rUpa jo samyagdarzana hai, vaha dRSTivAda kI apekSA (samyaktva kI apekSA) saMjJA hai| jina jIvoM meM yaha saMjJA hotI hai vaha saMjJI aura jina jIvoM meM yaha yogyatA nahIM unheM asaMjJI kahate haiN| yaha saMjJA samyagdRSTi jIvoM meM pAI jAtI hai athavA eka apekSA se yaha saMjJA mAtra caudaha pUrvI sAdhakoM ko hotI hai| 181. savveNaM savve nijinnnnaa| - yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, bhagavatI sUtra bhAga 1, za.1, u. 3, pR. 65 182. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 5.19.30, pR. 220 183 (a) AcArya mahAprajJa, naMdI, sUtra 62,63,64, (ba) vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 504 se 509 aura (sa) paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, karmagrantha bhAga 1, gAthA 6 kA vivecana, pR. 16-17

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [95] ukta vyAkhyAoM se saMjJI jIva tIna prakAra ke ho gae haiM, kintu yahAM para mana kA jo adhikArI hai, vaha dIrghakAlikI saMjJA kI apekSA se batAyA gayA hai| yaha bAta vizeSAvazyakabhASya se bhI siddha hotI hai| jisake dvArA atIta kI smRti aura bhaviSya kI cintA (kalpanA) kI jAtI hai, vaha kAlikI athavA dIrghakAlikI saMjJA hai| yahI mana hai| manolabdhi sampanna jIva manovargaNA ke ananta skaMndhoM ko grahaNa kara manana karatA hai, vaha dIrghakAlikI saMjJA hai| yaha saMjJA manojJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopaza se niSpanna hotI hai|184 ataH uparyukta varNana ke AdhAra para kaha sakate haiM ki jisa jIva meM dIrghakAlikI saMjJA kA vikAsa hotA hai, vaha saMjJI (samanaska) aura jisameM isakA vikAsa nahIM hotA, vaha asaMjJI (amanaska) hai| ekendriyAdi meM mana Agama meM ekendriyAdi asaMjJI prANiyoM meM mana nahIM mAnakara AhArAdi saMjJA mAnI hai| dravya loka prakAza meM isake lie prazna kiyA gayA ki AhArAdi saMjJA hone se ekendriyAdi jIvoM ko saMjJI kyoM nahIM kahA? uttara - jisa prakAra paisA rupayA dhana hote hue bhI paise vAle ko dhanavAn evaM sAdhAraNa rUpa vAle ko rUpavAn nahIM kahA jAtA hai| kintu bahuta paisoM vAle ko dhanavAn evaM sundara rUpa vAle ko rUpavAn kahA jAtA hai| usI prakAra ekendriyAdi prANiyoM meM sparza Adi indriyoM ke kSayopazama rUpa mati ajJAna ke kSayopazama rUpa AhArAdi saMjJAoM ke hote hue bhI manaHparyApti se pariNAmataH manoyoga se vyApta manana yogya dravyoM ke sahayoga se utpanna vizeSa kSayopazama rUpa saMjJA ke abhAva meM ekendriyAdi ko saMjJI nahIM kahA jAtA hai| nandIcUrNi meM nikSepa paddhati se mana ke dravya aura bhAva bheda kiye haiN| vahA~ para bhI ekendriyoM meM bhAva mana svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai|186 tattvArthasUtra adhyayana 2 sU. 25 ke bhASya meM ekendriyAdi meM sUkSma mana mAnA hai, vAstava meM ve AhArAdi saMjJAeM hI haiM, jinheM graMthakAroM ne sUkSma mana kaha diyA hai| tatvArthasUtra ke dUsare adhyayana ke 11veM sUtra ke artha meM ekendriya Adi asaMjJI prANiyoM ke bhAva mana honA svIkAra kiyA hai, tathA vahA~ para batAyA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra bUr3hA vyakti pAMva evaM calane kI zakti se yukta hote hue bhI binA lakar3I se cala nahIM sakatA hai, isI taraha ekendriyoM ke bhAva mana hote hue bhI dravya mana ke binA spaSTa vicAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa prakAra tattvArtha vivecana meM ekendriyoM meM bhAvamana svIkAra karake bhI dravya mana ke binA usakI pravRtti nahIM mAnI hai| vAstava meM yaha kathana bhI digambara sAhitya kI apekSA se hI honA caahie| kyoMki zvetAmbara sAhitya meM dravya mana ke abhAva meM bhAva mana ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA gyaa| nandIcUrNi meM "maNadavvAlaMbaNo jIvassa maNaNavAvAro bhAvamaNo bhaNNai" ke dvArA dravyamana ke Alambana ke binA bhAva mana svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| dravya loka prakAza meM naMdIcUrNi evaM prajJApanAvRtti ke uddharaNa dekara yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki - binA dravya mana ke bhAva mana hotA hI nahIM hai| vaise hI naMdIcUrNi ke kathanAnusAra dravya mana ke binA bhAva mana asaMjJI ke samAna nahIM hotA hai| jinezvara bhagavAn kI taraha bhAva mana ke binA dravya mana 184. iha dIhakAligI kAligitti saNNA jayA sudiihNpi| saMbharai bhUyamissaM ciMtei ya kiha Nu kAyavvaM / / kAliyasaNNitti tao jassa taI so ya jo mnnojogge| khaMdhe'Nate ghettaM mannai tllddhisNpnnnno|| -vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 508-509 185. zrI bhikSu Agama zabda koza, bhAga 1, pR. 509 186. dravya loka prakAza, sarga 3, pR. 163

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[96] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana hotA hai|87 prajJApanAvRtti ke anusAra bhAvamana ke binA dravya mana hotA hai, jisa prakAra bhavastha kevalI ke hotA hai| ataH aMsajJI prANiyoM ke dravyamana nahIM hone se bhAva mana bhI nahIM hotA hai| kintu bhAva mana ke abhAva meM bhI dravya mana hotA hai| jaise bhavastha kevaliyoM ke cintata manana rUpa bhAva mana kA abhAva hote hue bhI anuttara devAdi ko uttara dene ke lie pravartita dravya mana hotA hai| isa prakAra granthoM meM bhI ekendriyAdi asaMjJiyoM ke bhAva mana svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| kyoMki dravya mana ke binA (manovargaNA ke dravyoM ke Alambana ke binA) bhAva mana saMbhava nahIM hai| dravya loka prakAza meM to spaSTa zabdoM meM 'dravyacittaM vinA bhAvacittaM na syAd saMjJivat' dravya citta ke binA bhAva citta (mana) kA niSedha kiyA hai| udAharaNa bhI saMjJI prANiyoM kA diyA hai| arthAt asaMjJI prANiyoM meM dravya citta ke abhAva meM bhAva citta nahIM mAnA hai| isa prakAra zvetAmbara sAhitya meM to ekendriyAdi asaMjJI prANiyoM meM bhAva mana svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| arthopalabdhi meM mana kA mahattva jisa prakAra cakSuSmAn vyakti ko dIpaka ke prakAza meM sphuTa artha kI upalabdhi hotI hai, vaise hI manojJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se yukta jIva ko cintAnapravartaka manodravya ke prakAza meM artha kI upalabdhi spaSTa hotI hai| zabda Adi artha meM chaha prakAra (pAMca indriya aura eka mana) kA upayoga hotA hai| avizuddha cakSuSmAn ko maMda, maMdatara prakAza meM rUpa kI upalabdhi aspaSTa hotI hai, vaise hI asaMjJI saMmUrchima paMcendriya ko artha kI upalabdhi aspaSTa hotI hai, kyoMki kSayopazama kI maMdatA ke kAraNa usameM manodravya ko grahaNa karane kI zakti bhI bahuta alpa hotI hai| mUrcchita vyakti kA zabda Adi arthoM kA jJAna avyakta hotA hai, vaise hI prakRSTa jJAnAvaraNa ke udaya ke kAraNa ekendriya jIvoM kA jJAna avyakta hotA hai| inakI apekSA dvIndriya Adi jIvoM kA jJAna zuddhatara, zuddhatama hotA hai| mAnasika prakAza ke abhAva meM artha kI upalabdhi maMda, maMdatara hotI calI jAtI hai| isako vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM udAharaNa se samajhAte haiM ki cakravartI ke cakraratna meM jo chedana karane kI zakti hotI hai, vaha sAmAnya talavAra Adi meM nahIM hotI hai| donoM meM chedaka kA guNa hote hue bhI zakti meM hInatA hai, usI prakAra sAmAnya rUpa se jIvoM meM caitanyaguNa samAna hone para bhI samanaska jIvoM meM avagraha Adi sambandhI vastubodha kI jo paTutA hotI hai, vaisI paTutA ekendriya Adi amanaska jIvoM meM nahIM hotI hai| mana kA upayoga mana eka sAtha aneka arthoM ko grahaNa kara sakatA hai, kintu eka sAtha do kriyAeM yA do upayoga nahIM ho skte| kyoMki upayoga yugapat nahIM hote| sAmAnya kI apekSA se eka sAtha aneka arthoM kA grahaNa hotA hai, kintu vizeSa kI apekSA eka samaya meM eka hI artha kA grahaNa hotA hai| 90 kyA mana aura mastiSka eka haiM? __ mana aura mastiSka meM gaharA sambandha hai| indriyoM ke dvArA viSaya kA grahaNa hotA hai, mastiSka unakA saMvedana karatA hai tathA mana usa para paryAlocana arthAt heyatA-upAdeyatA ke cintana kA kArya 187. ataeva ca dravyacittaM bhAvacittaM na syAda saMjIvat vinApi bhAvacittaM tu, dravyato, jinvdbhvet| - dravya loka prakAza sarga 3 gAthA 577 pR. 163 188. tathoktaM prajJApanAvRttau - bhAvamano vinApi ca dravyamano bhavati ,yathA bhavastha kevalinaH iti / ___ - dravya loka prakAza, sarga 3, pR. 163 189. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 510-514 190. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 2442, 2445

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [97] karatA hai| mastiSka mana kI pravRtti kA mukhya sAdhana aMga hai, isIlie usake vikRta ho jAne se mana bhI vikRta ho jAtA hai| phira bhI mana aura mastiSka svataMtra haiN|97 mana indriya yA anindriya? jaina darzana meM mana ko anindriya yA noindriya kahA hai, jisakA artha indriya kA abhAva na hokara ISat indriya hai| zrotrendriyAdi pAMca indriyoM kI taraha mana bhI jJAna kA sAdhana hai, phira bhI rUpAdi viSayoM meM pravRtta hone ke lie usako netra Adi kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai| yaha mana kI parataMtratA hai| indriyA~ niyata deza meM sthita padArtha ko viSaya karatI haiM tathA kAlAntara meM sthita rahatI haiM, lekina mana AtmA kA liMga hote hue bhI pratiniyata deza meM sthita padArtha ko viSaya nahIM karatA tathA kAlAntara meM sthita nahIM rahatA hai, isalie ise anindriya kahate haiN|192 mana ko anindriya kahane kA kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki mana indriya kI taraha pratiniyata artha ko nahIM jAnatA hai| dhavalATIkA ke anusAra indra arthAt AtmA ke liMga ko indriya kahate haiN| jisa prakAra zeSa dravyendriyoM kA bAhya indriyoM se grahaNa hotA hai, vaisA mana kA nahIM hotaa| ataH mana anindriya hai|193 anindriya kA artha indriya sadRza hai| mana ko anta:karaNa bhI kahA jAtA hai| kyoMki mana jJAna kA sAdhana hote hue bhI zrotrendriyAdi kI taraha bAhya sAdhana nahIM hai, vaha Antarika sAdhana hai evaM isakA kArya guNa-doSa vicAra smaraNa Adi haiM jinheM vaha indriyoM kI sahAyatA ke binA sampanna karatA hai| isalie mana ko anta:karaNa bhI kahA jAtA hai| sarvArthasiddhi ke anusAra anindriya, mana aura antaHkaraNa ye ekArthavAcI haiN|194 mana aura indriyoM kI sApekSatA jaina darzana ke anusAra indriya aura mana parokSa jJAna ke sAdhana haiN| mana sabhI indriyoM meM eka sAtha pravRtti nahIM kara sakatA hai arthAt upayogavAn nahIM ho sakatA hai| bhAvamana upayogamamaya hai vaha jisa samaya jisa indriya ke sAtha manoyoga kara jisa vastu kA upayoga karatA hai vaha taba tad upayogamaya ho jAtA hai| indriyoM ke vyApAra kI sArthakatA isI meM hai ki usake bAda mana bhI apanA kArya kre| indriyoM ke abhAva meM mana bhI paMgu ho jAtA hai| vaha usI viSaya para cintana kara sakatA hai, jo kabhI na kabhI indriyoM se gRhIta huA ho| indriyA~ sirpha mUrta-dravya kI vartamAna paryAya ko hI jAnatI haiN| mana mUrta aura amUrta donoM ke traikAlika aneka rUpoM kA jAnatA hai, isalie mana ko sarvArthagrAhI kahA gayA hai|" indriyA~ kevala mUrttadravya kI vartamAna paryAya ko jAnatI haiM, mana mUrta aura amUrta traikAlika aneka rUpoM ko jAnatA hai, kyoMki mana kA viSaya pratiniyata nahIM hai, vaha dUra-nikaTa sarvatra pravRtta hotA rahatA hai| kevala pudgala hI mana kA viSaya nahIM hai| kevalajJAna kI taraha mUrta-amUrta saba padArtha mana ke viSaya banate haiN| 2I 191. siddhasena divAkara, (paM. sukhalAla saMghavI) sanmatitarka prakaraNa, kANDa 2 192. imAnIndriyANi pratiniyatadezaviSayANi kAlAntarAvasthAyIni c| na tathA manaH indrasya liMgamapisatpratiniyata -viSayaM kAlAntarAvasthAyi c| - sarvArthasiddhi, 1.14, pR. 78 193. manasa indriyavyapadezaH kinna kRta iti cenna, indrasya linggmindriym| upabhokturAtmano'nivRttakarmasambandhasya paramezvarazaktiyogAdindravyapadezamarhataH svayamarthAn gRhItumasamarthasyopayogopakaraNaM liGgamiti kthyte| na ca manasa upyogokrnnmsti| - dhavalATIkA, bhAga 1, sUtra 1.1.35, pR. 260 194. anindriyaM manaH ant:krnnmitynaantrm| - sarvArthasiddhi, 1.14, pR. 77 195. sarvArthagrahaNaM mnH| -AcArya hemacandra, pramANa mImAMsA, a. 1 sU. 24 pR. 19 196. ...maNassa na visayapamANaM / poggalamittinibaMdhAbhAvAo kevlssev|| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 350

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[98] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra mana kI aprApyakAritA mana kA vastu ke sAtha sIdhA sambandha nahIM hotA hai isalie mana aprApyakArI hai| yadi mana ko prApyakArI mAnA jAye to agni kA cintana karane para hameM jalana kA anubhava aura caMdana kA ciMtana karane para zItalatA kA anubhava honA cAhie, lekina aisA nahIM hotA hai| isalie mana aprApyakArI hai|197 jinabhadragaNi ne isa sambandha meM vistAra se varNana karate hue mana ke dvArA vyaMjanAvagraha hotA hai, isa mAnyatA kA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai|198 1. pUrvapakSa - jAgRta athavA svapnAvasthA meM mana jJeya padArtha se jur3atA hai, yaha jagatprasiddha hai, ataH isase mana kI prApyakAritA hI siddha hotI hai| uttarapakSa - jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki mana bhI cakSu ke samAna aprApyakArI hai, kyoMki usameM bhI viSayakRta upaghAta aura anugraha nahIM hotA hai| yadi mana prApyakArI hotA to jala, agni Adi ke ciMtana se upaghAta aura anugraha donoM hI hone cAhie, lekina nahIM hote haiN| isalie mana aprApyakArI hai| mana do prakAra kA hotA hai - dravyamana aura bhaavmn| bhAvamana jIva ke samasta zarIra meM vyApta hokara rahatA hai, usakA deha se bAhara nikalanA yuktiyukta nahIM hai| kyoMki AtmA zarIravyApI hI hai, sarvavyApI nhiiN| isalie AtmA se abhinna bhAvamana kA zarIra se bAhara nikalanA saMgata nahIM ThaharatA hai|199 2. pUrvapakSa - bhAvamana kA bahirgamana nahIM hone se vaha aprApyakArI hai to kyA huA, dravyamana to apane viSaya deza taka jAtA hai, ata: vaha prApyakArI hai| uttarapakSa - jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki dravyamana to acetana rUpa hotA hai, isalie vaha jJAtA nahIM hai| vaha anyatra deza meM calA jAe to usase koI lAbha nahIM hai| 3. pUrvapakSa - dravyamana jJAna kA sAdhana (karaNa) hai aura usI se to jIva ko jJAna hotA hai| jaiseki dIpaka vastu ko prakAzita karane meM sAdhana (karaNa) hai, vaise hI padArtha ke jJAna meM dravyamana sAdhana hone se prApyakArI hai| uttarapakSa - jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki jIva zarIra meM sthita dravyamana kI sahAyatA se jAnatA hai, padArtha jJAna meM AtmA ke lie dravyamana karaNa hai, ise to hama bhI svIkAra karate haiN| lekina karaNa do prakAra ke hote haiM - antaHkaraNa (jo zarIra meM rahatA hai) aura bAhyakaraNa (jo zarIra ke bAhara rahatA hai)| dravyamana anta:karaNa hai aura jo anta:karaNa hotA hai, use zarIrastha rakhate hue hI jIva apane viSaya ko usI prakAra jAna letA hai jaiseki sparzana indriya ke mAdhyama se bAhya sthita kamala-nAla Adi ke sparza kA anubhava dravyamana kara sakatA hai| jIva apane viSaya ko usI prakAra jAnatA hai, jisa prakAra sparzanendriya jAnatI hai| ata: anta:karaNa ke kAraNa hI dravyamana sparzanendriya ke samAna bAhara nahIM nikalatA hai / 200 4. pUrvapakSa - dravyamana aura bhAvamana kA bahirgamana nahIM hotA aisA svIkAra karane para bhI mana meM viziSTa ciMtA Adi se durbalatA (zarIra kA kSINa honA), hRdaya ghAta Adi roga hote haiM, inase mana kA upaghAta spaSTa hai| isI prakAra harSa Adi ke samaya meM anukUla vedana se mana kA anugraha honA bhI spaSTa hai, ata: mana bhI anugraha aura upadhAta se yukta hai, ata: vaha bhI prApyakArI hI siddha hotA hai| uttarapakSa - jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki jIvAtmA dravyamana ke rUpa meM pariNata aniSTa pudgaloM ke dvArA zokAkula hokara zArIrika dubarlatA ko utpanna karake hRdaya meM rukI huI vAyuprakopa Adi se (svaMya 197. abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, bhAga 6, pR. 76-83 198. vizeSAvazyakabhASya 213-244 199, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 213-216 200. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 217-218

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [99] kA) upaghAta karatA hai, usI taraha zubha pudgala samUha ke cintana kI pravRtti se dravyamana harSAdi utpanna kara auSadhi ke samAna jIvAtmA kA anugraha karatA hai| isakA Azaya yaha hai ki jIvAtmA para ina upaghAta aura anugraha ko dravyamana hI karatA hai, kintu cintana ke viSayabhUta padArtha arthAt jJeya viSaya mana kA kisI bhI prakAra se anugraha aura upaghAta nahIM karate haiN| jaiseki iSTa aura aniSTa pudgaloM se nirmita AhAra Adi apane svabhAva ke anusAra jIvoM ke zarIra kI puSTi yA hAni karatA hai, vaise hI dravya mana bhI pudgalamaya hone se jIvoM ke zarIra kI puSTi aura hAni kare to isameM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| isa prakAra jJeya viSaya se dravyamana kA na to anugraha hotA hai aura na hI upaghAta hotA hai arthAt donoM hI nahIM hote haiN| pudgaloM ke dvArA jIva kA anugraha yA upaghAta honA yuktiyukta hI hai, arthAt iSTaaniSTa, zabda, rUpa Adi meM anugraha-upaghAta kA honA dekhA hI jAtA hai isalie hamane isakA niSedha nahIM kiyA hai| 5. pUrvapakSa - jAgRta avasthA meM bhale hI mana apane jJeya viSaya ko prApta (spRSTa) nahIM kare, kintu supta avasthA meM to viSaya se spRSTa ho sakatA hai, jaise ki meru zikhara para merA mana gayA thA, aisA anubhava soye hue logo ko hotA hI hai| uttarapakSa - jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki svapna meM vastutaH jaisA dikhAI detA hai, vaisA nahIM hotA hai, kyoki jo dikhAI par3atA hai, usa svarUpa kA abhAva hotA hai| isa abhAva ke kAraNa vaha (svapna dekhane vAlA) mana se hI nahIM, apitu apane zarIra se bhI vahA~ gayA huA svapna meM dekhatA hai, aura vahA~ jAne se hone vAle upaghAta aura anugraha kA sadbhAva svapna TUTane yA nidrA se jAgRta hone para nahIM hotA hai 02 sAtha hI svapna meM huI bhojanAdi kriyAoM se hone vAlI tRpti, svapna Adi meM madirA pAna Adi kA nazA, svapna meM zatru dvArA vadha, bandha Adi pariNAmoM kA jAgane para sadbhAva nahIM hotA hai| 6. pUrvapakSa - svapna meM kAmI puruSa kI kAmIjanoM ke sAtha huI rati kriyA ke kAraNa kisIkisI vyakti ke nidrA se jAgRta hone para vIrya Adi kA kSaraNa pratyakSa dikhAI detA hai, usase aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki svapna meM kisI strI ke sAtha saMgama kriyA huI hai| ataH Apa kaise kahate haiM ki svapna meM kI gaI kriyAoM kA phala dRSTigocara nahIM hotA hai| uttarapakSa - jisa prakAra jAgate hue vyakti ko tIvra moha ke kAraNa strI saMsarga sanbandhI tIvra adhyavasAya hone se vIrya kSaraNa ho jAtA hai usI prakAra svapna meM bhI tIvra adhyavasAya ke kAraNa vIrya kA kSaraNa ho jAtA hai aura usa saMyogakriyA meM kiye hue tathA svapna meM anubhUta nakha-danta ke cihna dikhAI nahIM dete haiN| ata: strI saMsarga ke binA bhI vIryakSaraNa hone se, vIrya kSaraNa kA hetu anekAMtika hai| yadi Apake kahe anusAra vIrya-kSaraNa honA Adi ko svIkAra kareM to svapna meM jisa strI ke sAtha samAgama huA hai usI se rati-sukha, garbhAdhAna Adi bhI hone cAhie, kintu ye saba nahIM hote haiM, ataH svapna meM kI gaI ratikriyA viphala rahatI hai, arthAt usakA koI pariNAma nahIM hotA hai|203 7. pUrvapakSa - styAnagRddhi nidrA ke udaya se vyakti kA mana svapna meM hAthI dAMta ko ukhAr3ane meM pravRtta hotA hai, taba usakI prApyakAritA aura vyaMjanAvagraha kA honA siddha hI hai| uttarapakSa - pUrva meM kahI huI yuktiyoM se svapna avasthA meM bhI mana kA vyaMjanAvagraha nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki viSaya kI 201. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 219-223 202. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 224-225 203. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 226-233

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[100] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana prApti usase nahIM hotI hai, kintu styAnagRddhi nidrA ke udaya meM vartamAna prANI mAMsa-bhakSaNa va dAMta Adi ukhAr3ane kI kriyAoM ko karate hue, cUMki vaha gAr3ha nidrA meM paravaza hone ke kAraNa sabhI kriyAoM ko svapna kI taraha mAnatA hai| isameM vyaMjanAvagraha ho sakatA hai, hama isakA bhI niSedha nahIM karate haiN| lekina vaha vyaMjanAvagraha mana kA nahIM hokara zrotrendriyAdi cAra prApyakArI indriyoM kA hotA hai, cakSu aura mana kA nahIM 104 8. jinabhadragaNi viSaya ke sAtha aspRSTa mana ko vyaMjanAvagraha rUpa nahIM mAnate haiM aura isakA khaMDana karate hue kahate haiM ki hama zrotrendiyAdi cAra indriyoM ke zabdAdi grAhya viSayoM se sambandhita vyaMjanoM ke grahaNa ko vyaMjanAvagraha ke rUpa meM mAnate haiN| kintu mana kA vyaMjanAvagraha nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki vyaMjanAvagraha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba grAhya vastu kA sparza (grahaNa) hotA ho, kintu manodravyoM kA jo grahaNa (sparza) hotA hai, vaha grAhya vastu ke rUpa se nahIM hotA hai, lekina karaNa ke rUpa meM hotA hai| cintana dravya rUpa mana grAhya (viSaya) nahIM hai, kintu grahaNa (jisake dvArA zabdAdi artha kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai) rUpa hai arthAt mana artha jJAna meM pramukha kAraNa hotA hai ataH mana arthagrahaNa kA sAdhana hai, parantu grAhya viSaya nahIM hai| isalie mana kA vyaMjanAvagraha nahIM hotA hai| dUsarA jo Apane zarIra meM sthita mana meM spRSTa hone se vyaMjanAvagraha mAnA hai vaha bhI ucita nahIM hai kyoMki yahA~ para prApyakAritA aura aprApyakAritA kA cintana bAhya padArtha kI apekSA se hI kiyA gayA hai|205 9. pUrvapakSa - cakSu aura mana aprApyakArI hai to sabhI viSayoM kA grahaNa kyoM nahIM karate haiN| jaise cakSu aprApyakArI hai to vaha tInoM lokoM meM rahI huI vastuoM ko kyoM jAna nahIM pAtI hai? kyoMki sabhI vastu netra ke lie to aprApta hI hai? isalie yaha prApyakArI hai| uttarapakSa - jinabhadragaNi kahate hai ki kevalajJAnAdi se jJeya rUpa ananta gahana padArthoM ke vidyamAna hone para bhI kisI mandamati kA mana mohagrasta hone para jAnane meM sakSama nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra aprApyakArI hote hue bhI mana se sabhI viSayoM kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai| pUrvapakSa - karmoM ke udaya se, yA svabhAva ke kAraNa mana ke dvArA sabhI padArthoM kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai| uttarapakSa - yahI kAraNa cakSu indriya meM bhI lAgU hotA hai| isalie yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki cakSu ke aprApyakArI hone se sabhI viSayoM kA grahaNa ho| ataH mana ke samAna cakSu indriya bhI karma-kSayopazama se athavA svayaM kA jitanA yA jaisA anugraha (sahayoga) rUpa sAmarthya hai usase adhika hone para viSaya kA grahaNa nahIM karatI hai|206 isa prakAra cakSu aura mana ko chor3akara zeSa cAra indriyoM se hI vyaMjanAvagraha hotA hai, yaha siddha hotA hai| jinadAsagaNi ne manodravya kA grahaNa honA mAnakara mana kA bhI vyaMjanavAgraha svIkAra kiyA hai| haribhadra, malayagiri aura yazovijaya ne jinabhadragaNi kA samarthana kiyA hai 20 akalaMka ne mana ke aprApyakArI ke sthAna para usakA anindriyatva siddha kiyA hai 09 vidyAnaMda ne bhI isakA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai 10 204. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 234-236 205. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 237-240 206. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 245-249 207. 'jaggato aNiMdiyatthavAvAre'vi maNaso jujjate vaMjaNAvaggaho' - naMdIcUrNi pR. 65 208. hAribhadrIya pR. 66, malayagiri pR. 171, jainatarkabhASA pR. 11 209. tattvArtharAjavArtika pR. 1.19.4-7 210. tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.19.7 aura 15

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [101] mana ke kArya smRti, cintana aura kalpanA karanA mana kA kArya hai| yaha indriya jJAna kA pravartaka hai arthAt mana indriya ke dvArA grahaNa kI gaI vastu ke sambandha meM bhI cintana-manana karatA hai aura usase Age bhI vaha vicAra karatA hai| naMdIsUtra meM mana ke kArya IhA, apoha, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA, cintA, vimarza batAye haiN| jaba mana indriya dvArA jJAta, rUpa, rasa Adi kA vizeSa rUpa se nirIkSaNa Adi karatA hai taba vaha indriya kI apekSA rakhatA hai| anyatra sthAnoM meM mana ko indriya kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| indriya jJAna kI sImA padArtha taka sImita hai aura mana indriya aura padArtha donoM ko jAnatA hai| indriyA~ kevala mUrttadravya kI vartamAna paryAya ko aura vaha bhI aMza rUpa meM jAnatI haiM, jabaki mana mUrta aura amUrtta (rUpI-arUpI ) padArthoM ke traikAlika aneka rUpoM ko jAnatA hai, mana kA kArya vicAra karanA hai| jisameM indriyoM ke dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye aura grahaNa nahIM kiye gaye sabhI viSaya Ate haiN| uparyukta varNana se spaSTa hotA hai ki mana saMjJI paMcendriya jIvoM ke jIvana kA eka aisA madhyabindu hai, jise kendra banAkara una jIvoM kA samagra jIvana-caka usake irda-girda ghUmatA hai| mAnavajIvana kA bhI vAstavika Akalana evaM mUlyAMkana mana ke dvArA hI hotA hai| manuSya-jIvana kA yaha kendrIya tathya hai| jaisA mana hotA hai vaisA hI manuSya bana jAtA hai arthAt "jaisA mana, vaisA jiivn|" mana azAMta to jIvana azAMta, mana zAMta to jIvana shaaNt| mana duHkhI to jIvana duHkhI, mana sukhI to jIvana sukhii| mana bhogI to jIvana bhogI, mana yogI to jIvana yogii| mana rAgI to jIvana rAgI, mana vItarAgI to jIvana viitraagii| upaniSad meM bhI kahA hai ki "mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM bandhamokSayoH" isa prakAra sampUrNa utthAna aura patana kA kAraNa mana hI hotA hai| AtmA yaha jJAna tIsarA aura pramukhya sAdhana hai| parokSa jJAna meM to AtmA ko indriya aura mana kA sahayoga upekSita hai, kintu pratyakSa jJAna indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA hI sIdhA AtmA se hotA hai| ___ bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne dRzyamAn jagat ke samasta padArthoM ko cetana aura acetana do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| cetana meM jJAna, darzana, sukha, smRti, vIrya Adi guNa pAye jAte haiM aura acetana meM sparza, rasa, gandha Adi guNa pAye jAte haiN| cetana tattva ko AtmA kA mukhya lakSaNa mAnA hai| cetanA kA artha hai upyog| upayoga kA artha hai jJAna aura drshn| ataH AtmA cetana hai arthAt AtmA jJAnadarzana svarUpa hai| AtmA ko pramAtA bhI kahA jAtA hai| pramAtA kA artha hai ki vaha vizva ke sabhI padArthoM kA prAmANikatA se jJAna (bodha) karane vAlA hai| AtmA jJAtA aura draSTA hotA hai| jJAtA kA artha hai jAnane vAlA aura draSTA kA artha hai - dekhane vaalaa| bhAratIya darzana meM carvAka darzana ko chor3akara zeSa jitane bhI darzana haiM, ve sabhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karate hue vistAra se usake svarUpa Adi kA ullekha karate haiN| AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jisake dvArA jAnA jAtA hai, vahI AtmA hai 12 kundakundAcArya ne samayasAra13 meM AtmA ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai ki na AtmA meM rUpa hai, na rasa hai, na sparza hai, aura na gandha hai| yaha saMsthAna aura saMhanana se rahita hai| rAga-dveSa, moha AtmA ke svarUpa nahIM haiN| yaha AtmA zuddha, buddha aura jJAnamaya hai| 211. AcArya tulasI, naMdIsUtra, sUtra 62, pR. 112 212. jeNa vijANati se aataa| - AcArAMgasUtra, 1.5.5 213. samayasAra, gAthA 50-51

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[102] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana zIlAMkAcArya ke anusAra pAMcoM indriyoM ke viSaya alaga-alaga haiM, pratyeka indriya apane viSaya kA hI jJAna karatI hai, jabaki pAMcoM indriyoM ke viSayoM kA ekatrIbhUta rUpa meM jJAna karane vAlA anya koI avazya hai aura vaha AtmA hai 14 rAjendrasUri ne AtmA ko paribhASita karate hue kahA ki 'atati iti AtmA' arthAt jo gamana karatI hai, vahI AtmA hai arthAt jo vibhinna gatiyoM yA yoniyoM meM janma grahaNa karatI hai, vaha AtmA hai|15 'jIva hai yA nahIM?' yaha saMzaya cetanA kA hI rUpa hai| cetanA aura upayoga AtmA kA svarUpa hai,216 zarIra kA nhiiN| saMzaya AtmA meM hI utpanna ho sakatA hai, zarIra meM nhiiN| 'maiM nahIM hU~' aisI pratIti kisI ko bhI nahIM hai, yadi AtmA ko apanA astitva ajJAta hotA to 'maiM nahIM hU~' aisI pratIti honI caahie|17 parantu hotI nhiiN| isa prakAra zaMkara ne bhI AtmA ke astitva ke lie svata: bodha ko prabala tarka ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| unake anusAra sabhI ko AtmA ke astitva meM bharapUra vizvAsa hai, koI bhI aisA nahIM kahatA hai ki maiM nahIM hU~ 18 AlApa-paddhati meM AcArya devasena ne AtmA ke chaha guNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, yathA - jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya, cetanatva, amUrtatva / yahA~ jJAna-darzana ke lie upayoga zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| ataH jahA~ upayoga hai, vahA~ jIvatva hai, jahA~ upayoga nahIM, vahA~ jIvatva kA abhAva hai| upayoga (jJAna-darzana) jIva kA aisA lakSaNa hai, jo siddha evaM saMsArI sabhI jIvoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| ataH jJAna AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa hai| nyAyadarzana meM ahaM pratyaya ko hI AtmA kA pratyakSa jJAna kahA hai|20 uddyotakara ke anusAra AtmA ke astitva ke viSaya meM dArzanikoM meM sAmAnyataH vivAda nahIM hai| yadi vivAda hai to AtmA ke svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM hai| kyoMki kisI ke mata meM zarIra hI AtmA hai, kisI ke mata meM buddhi, kisI ke mata meM indriya yA mana AtmA hai aura kisI ke mata meM saMghAta ko AtmA mAnA hai| kucha aise bhI vyakti haiM jo ina sabase bhinna AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karate haiN|221 vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi ke lie nimna tarka diye gaye haiM - 1. jIva ke astitva kI siddhi jIva zabda se hI hotI hai, kyoMki asad kI koI sArtha saMjJA nahIM hotI hai 22 2. jIva hai yA nahIM, yaha ciMtana mAtra hI jIva kI sattA ko siddha karatA hai| devadatta jaisA sacetana prANI hI yaha soca sakatA hai ki vaha stambha hai yA puruSa 223 3. zarIra meM sthita jo yaha socatA hai ki maiM zarIra nahIM hU~, vahI jIva hai| jIva ke alAvA saMzayakartA anya koI nahIM hai| binA AtmA ke aise vicAra utpanna nahIM ho sakate haiN| jo niSedha kara 214. teSAM ca pratyekaM svaviSayagrahaNAdanyaviSaye cApravRtternAnyadindriyajJAtamanyadindriyajJAtamanyadindriyaM jAnAtIti, ato mayA paJcApi viSayA jJAtA ityevmaatmkH| - sUtrakRtAMga TIkA, zru. 1. a. 1. u. 1 gAthA 8 215. abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, bhAga 2, pR. 188 216, upayogo lakSaNam, tattvArtha sUtra 2.8, uttarAdhyayana sUtra 28.11 217. brahmasUtra, zAMkarabhASya 1.1.1 218. brahmasUtra, zakarabhASya, 1.1.2 219. pratyekaM jIva pudgalayoH sstt| - AlApa paddhati, guNAdhikAra, sU. 12 220. nyAyavArtika pR. 341 221. nyAyavArtika pR. 366 222. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 1575 223. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 1571

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [103] rahA hai, vaha svayaM hI AtmA hai 24 jahA~ saMzaya hotA hai, vahA~ AtmA kA astitva avazya svIkAranA par3atA hai| jo pratyakSa anubhava se siddha hai, use siddha karane ke lie anya pramANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| AtmA svayaMsiddha hai, kyoMki usI ke AdhAra para saMzayAdi utpanna hote haiN| sukha-duHkhAdi ko siddha karane ke lie kisI anya pramANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / 25 jinabhadragaNi ne AtmA ke astitva ke lie guNa aura gaNI kA tarka diyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki ghaTAdi jina vastuoM ko hama jAnate haiM, unakA bhI yathArtha pratyakSa nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki hameM jinakA pratyakSa hotA hai, vaha ghaTa ke rUpAdi guNoM kA pratyakSa hai| kintu ghaTa mAtra rUpa nahIM hai, vaha to aneka guNo kA samUha hai jinheM hama nahIM jAnate hai, rUpa (AkAra) to unameM se eka guNa hai| jaba rUpa guNa ke pratyakSIkaraNa ko ghaTa kA pratyakSIkaraNa mAna lete haiM aura hameM koI saMzaya nahIM hotA, to phira jJAnaguNa se AtmA kA pratyakSa kyoM nahIM mAna lete haiN|26 bhAratIya darzana meM AtmA ke sambandha meM do mAnyatAeM haiM - advaita mArga meM kisI samaya anAtmA kI mAnyatA thI aura dhIre-dhIre AtmAdvaita kI mAnyatA kA vikAsa huaa| uttara mImAMsaka vedAntiyoM ne advaitabrahma ko svIkAra kiyA hai, unakA kahanA hai ki 'sarvaM khalvidaM brahma, neha nAnAsti kiMcana227 arthAt isa jagat ke cetana aura acetana jitane bhI padArtha haiM, ve brahma rUpa hI haiN| ataH AtmA eka hI hai aura vaha advitIya hai| jabaki jaina, bauddha, sAMkhyAdi darzana meM AtmA ke cetana aura acetana donoM rUpoM kA maulika tattvoM meM sthAna hai| paMcAdhyAyI ke anusAra svasaMvedana dvArA AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi hotI hai 28 sabhI AtmAeM meM apane ko sukhI, du:khI, nirdhana Adi ke rUpa meM anubhava karatI haiM, yaha anubhava karane kA kArya cetana AtmA meM hI ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra upaniSadoM meM varNita AtmA ke svarUpa meM sukha-duHkha kI avasthA ko mithyA tathA jIva ko brahmAMza mAnA hai| jabaki jaina darzana meM AtmA kA svatantra astitva mAnA gayA hai| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM AtmA ko kartA tathA jAgratAdi avasthAoM, mRtyu aura punarjanma meM eka samAna rahane vAlA tattva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / 29 upaniSadoM meM AtmA ko zarIra, prANa,230 indriya aura mana31 se bhinna eka citsvarUpa kahA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM ullekha hai ki AtmA hI sukhoM aura duHkhoM kA kartA aura bhoktA hai| yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki zatru bhI utanA apakAra nahIM karatA jitanA durAcaraNa meM pravRtta apanI AtmA karatI hai 32 vedavAdI, sAMkhya aura vaizeSika ina tInoM ke anusAra jagat meM pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu aura AkAza tathA AtmA ye cha: prakAra ke padArtha haiN| ataH ye AtmA ko AkAza ke samAna sarvavyApI tathA amUrta hone ke kAraNa nitya rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM, tathA pRthvI Adi paMcamahAbhUta bhI svarUpa se vinAzI nahIM hone se ve bhI nitya haiM 33 224. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 1157 225. DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga 1, pR. 207 226. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 1558 227. brahmasUtra, uddhRta - sUtrakRtAMga (1.1.1.9-10) vivecana, pR. 24 228. paMcAdhyAyI (uttarArddha), 2.5 229. bRhadAraNyakopaniSada, 4.4.3 230. praznopaniSad 3.3 231. kenopaniSad, 1.4.6 232. uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 20 gAthA 37, 48 233. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra. prathama adhyayana, gAthA 15, pR. 32

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[104] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana vaidika kAla meM bhI AtmA arthAt cetana tattva ko jAnane kI jijJAsA huI thI - 'yaha maiM kauna hU~? mujhe isakA patA nahIM cltaa| 234 jainadarzana meM AtmA ko asaMkhyAta pradezI evaM zarIra parimANa mAnA hai| jIva dravya ke pradezoM kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki, vaha bar3e yA laghu jisa prakAra kA zarIra prApta huA ho, usI ke anusAra jIva ke pradeza saMkucita yA vistRta hote haiN| isIlie cIMTI aura hAthI meM pradezoM kI saMkhyA samAna hote hue bhI cIMTI meM una Atma-pradezoM kA saMkoca huA hai tathA hAthI meM una Atma-pradezoM kA vistAra huA hai| jaina darzana meM AtmA astikAya (pradezoM kA samUha) dravya mAnA gayA hai 35 jaina dArzanika anya dArzanikoM ke samAna AtmA ko niravayava nahIM mAnakara avayava sahita bhI mAnate haiN| inhIM avayavoM ko pradeza36 kahate haiN| umAsvAti ne AtmA ko asaMkhyAta pradezI kahA hai 37 ataH AtmA asaMkhyAta cetana pradezoM kA piNDa hai| nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga, mImAMsaka AtmA ko AkAza ke samAna vyApaka mAnate haiM, jabaki jainadarzana ke anusAra AtmA AkAza ke samAna vyApaka nahIM hai| pratyeka AtmA ko sukhaduHkhAdi kI anubhUti alaga-alaga hotI hai| eka ke sukhI hone para sabako sukhI honA cAhie aura eka ke du:khI hone para sabako du:khI honA cAhie, parantu aisA nahIM hotA hai| ataH AkAza ke samAna eka mAneMge to baMdha, mokSa meM avyavasthA utpanna hogii| ataH AtmA vyApaka nahIM hai| nyAya, vaizeSika, bauddha, pUrvamImAMsaka aura jainadarzana meM AtmAoM ko aneka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| pratyeka AtmA kA apanA-apanA astitva hai| jaina darzana meM AtmA kA ullekha nizcaya dRSTi aura vyavahAra dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| nizcayadRSTi kI apekSA 'ege AyA' arthAt AtmA eka hai|38 arthAt svarUpa kI apekSA se siddha aura saMsArI kI AtmA meM koI bheda nahIM hai| vyavahAra dRSTi se sthAnAMga sUtra ke AThaveM sthAna meM AtmA ke ATha bheda batAye haiM, yathA dravya, kaSAya, yoga, upayoga, jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura vIrya aatmaa| jainadarzana meM ananta AtmAeM svIkAra kI gaI haiN| umAsvAmI ne tattvArtha sUtra meM kahA hai ki 'jIvAzca 239 isa sUtra meM bahuvacanAnta hone se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki AtmAeM aneka haiN| jaina, bauddha aura sAMkhya darzana ke mata meM vizva ke mUla meM kevala eka cetana athavA acetana tattva nahIM, apitu cetana evaM acetana aise do tattva haiN| jainadarzana meM unheM jIva aura ajIva kahA hai to sAMkhyadarzana meM inako puruSa aura prakRti tathA bauddhadarzana meM inhIM ko nAma aura rUpa kahA gayA hai 40 sAMkhya evaM zAMkara vedAnta AtmA ko apariNAmI (kUTastha) mAnate haiN| AtmA ko aparimANI (kUTastha) mAnane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki AtmA meM koI vikAra, parivartana yA sthiti meM antara nahIM hotA hai arthAt AtmA puNya-pApa kA bhoktA aura kartA nahIM hotA hai| jainadarzana AtmA ko pariNAmI nitya mAnatA hai| jaina vicArakoM ne yaha mAnA hai ki sat utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka hai, ataH AtmA bhI utpAdavyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka hai| kundakundAcArya ke anusAra AtmA kI pUrvaparyAya kA vinAza hotA hai aura uttara paryAya kI utpatti hotI hai, kintu dravya-dRSTi se jo pUrva paryAya meM thA, vahI uttara paryAya meM rahatA hai|41 234. Rgveda, 1.164.37 235. dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 23 236. vakSyamANalakSaNa: paramANuH sa yAvati kSetre vyavatiSThate sa pradeza iti vyvhriyte|- sarvArthasiddhi, a. 5, sU. 8 237. asaMkhyeyA: pradezA dhrmaadhrmekjiivaanaam| - tattvArtha sUtra, a. 5, sU. 8 238. sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 1 239. tattvArtha sUtra, a. 5, sU. 3 240, dalasukha mAlavaDiyA, AtmamImAMsA, pR. 4 241. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 17

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [105] isa prakAra pUrva aura uttara paryAya meM rahane vAlA pariNAmI nitya242 dravya hai| isI AdhAra para AtmA meM paryAya parivartana sambhava hai| AtmA meM tatva-dRSTi se dhrauvyatA hote hue bhI paryAya dRSTi se usameM parivartana hote rahate haiN| dravya ke dUsare lakSaNa ke anusAra dravya meM guNa aura paryAyeM hotI hai| Atmatattva meM bhI dravya kA lakSaNa rahatA hai| guNa dravya ke Azrita hote haiN| AtmA meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM prakAra ke guNa rahate haiM 43 vizeSa gaNa ko asAdhAraNa gaNa bhI kahate haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ne AtmA ke cha: vizeSa guNa mAne haiM, yathA jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya, cetanatva aura amUrtatva tathA dasa sAmAnya guNoM ko ullekha huA hai. yathA astitva, vastutva, dravyatva, prameyatva, agurulaghutva, pradezavatva, cetanatva, acetanatva, mUrtatva aura amUrtatva 44 jainadarzana ke anusAra dravya meM ananta guNa vidyamAna rahate haiN| jJAnI ke prakAra AcArAMga zrutaskaMdha 1, adhyayana 2, uddezaka 5 ke anusAra jJAtA ke nau bheda hote haiM - 1. kAlajJa - kArya karane ke avasara ko jAnane vAlA kAlajJa kahalAtA hai| 2. balajJa - svayaM ke bala ko jAnane vAlA aura zakti ke anusAra AcaraNa karane vAlA balajJa kahalAtA hai| 3. mAtrajJa - kaunasI vastu kitanI caahie| svayaM kI jarUrata ke hisAba se vastu kA pramANa jAnane vAlA mAtrajJa kahalAtA hai| 4. khedajJa athavA kSetrajJa - abhyAsa dvArA pratyeka kArya ke anubhavI athavA saMsAra cakra meM paribhramaNa ke kaSTa ko jAnane vAlA kSetrajJa kahalAtA hai| 5. kSaNajJa - kSaNa arthAt pratyeka kArya kA ucita samaya jAnane vAlA kSaNajJa kahalAtA hai| 6. vinayajJa - jJAna, darzanAdi bhakti rUpa vinaya ko jAnane vAlA vinajJa kahalAtA hai| 7. sva-samayajJa - svasiddhAnta aura AcAra ko jAnane vAlA sva-samayajJa kahalAtA hai| 8. para-samayajJa - anya ke siddhAntoM ko jAnane vAlA, jaba samaya Aye taba dUsaroM ke siddhAntoM ke sAmane svayaM ke siddhAMtoM kI vizeSatA batAne vAlA para-samayajJa kahalAtA hai| 9. bhAvajJa - dAtA aura zrotA ke abhiprAya ko jAnane vAlA aura samajhane vAlA bhAvajJa kahalAtA hai| jJAna ke aSTa AcAra hai jJAna kI prApti evaM abhivRddhi hetu bhagavatI sUtra (zataka 12, uddezaka 1), dharma-saMgraha (dezanA adhikAra 3 zloka 54) Adi sthaloM para jJAnAcAra ke ATha prakAra kahe gaye haiM, yathA - 1. kAlAcAra - dina aura rAtri ke prathama aura cauthe prahara meM kAlika sUtra aura anya kAla meM utkAlika sUtra ko 32 prakAra ke asvAdhyAya ko TAla kara par3hanA aura par3hAnA caahie| zAstra meM jisa kAla meM jina sUtra ko par3hane kI AjJA hai, usa samaya vahI sUtra par3hane caahie| 2. vinayAcAra - jJAnadAtA guru kA vinaya karanA yaha vinayAcAra hai| 3. bahumAnAcAra - jJAnI aura guru prati hRdaya meM bhakti bhAva aura zraddhA rakhanA bahumAnAcAra hai| 4. upadhAnAcAra - zAstroM meM jina sUtroM kA abhyAsa karane ke lie jo tapa batAyA hai, vaha tapa abhyAsa karate hue krnaa| 242. tadbhAvAvyayaM nitym| - tattvArthasUtra, a. 5, sU. 30 243. AlApa paddhati, gAthA 11-12 244. AlApa paddhati, guNAdhikAra, sU. 12, 9

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[106] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 5. anilAvAcAra - par3hAne vAle guru kA nAma chipAnA nahIM 6. vyaMjanAcAra - zAstra ke svara, vyaMjana, gAthA, akSara, pada, anusvAra aura vyAkaraNAdi kA jAnakAra honA tathA viparIta prarUpaNA nahIM krnaa| 7. arthAcAra - sUtra kA yathAtathya artha karanA parantu kAlpanika artha nahIM krnaa| 8. tadubhayAcAra-mUla pATha aura artha zuddha ko zuddha bolanA, par3hanA evaM pddh'aanaa| jJAna ke caudaha anAcAra 1. vAiddhaM (vyAviddha)- sUtra ko tor3a kara maNiyoM ko bikharane ke samAna sUtra ke akSara mAtrA, vyaJjana, anusvAra, pada, AlApaka Adi ko ulaTa-pulaTa kara par3hanA vAiddhaM aticAra hai| 2. vaccAmeliyaM (vyatyAneDita) - sUtroM meM bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM para Aye hue samAnArthaka padoM ko eka sAtha par3hanA vaccAmeliyaM aticAra hai| zAstra ke bhinna-bhinna padoM ko eka sAtha par3hane se artha bigar3a jAtA hai / virAma Adi liye binA par3hanA athavA apanI buddhi se sUtra ke samAna sUtra banAkara AcArAMga Adi sUtroM meM DAla kara par3hane se bhI yaha aticAra lagatA hai| 3. hINakkharaM (hInAkSara) - isa taraha se par3hanA ki jisase koI akSara chUTa jAya hInAkSara kahalAtA hai / jaise 'namo AyariyANaM' ke sthAna para 'ya' akSara kama karake 'namo AriyANaM' pddh'naa| 4. accakkharaM (adhikAkSara)- adhika akSara yukta par3hanA-pATha ke bIca meM koI akSara apanI tarapha se milA denA jaise 'namo uvajjhAyANaM' meM 'ri' akSara milAkara 'namo uvajjhAriyANaM' pddh'naa| 5. payahINaM - kisI pada ko chor3akara par3hanA payahINaM aticAra hai| jaise 'namo loesavvasAhUNaM' meM 'loe' pada kama karake 'namo savvasAhUNaM' pddh'naa|| ___6. viNayahINaM (vinayahIna) - zAstra tathA par3hAne vAle kA samucita vinaya na krnaa| jJAna aura jJAna dAtA ke prati,jJAna lete samaya tathA jJAna lene ke bAda meM vinaya (vaMdanAdi) nahIM karake athavA samyag vinaya nahIM karake par3hanA viNayahINaM aticAra hai| 7. jogahINaM (yogahIna) - sUtra par3hate samaya mana, vacana aura kAyA ko jisa prakAra sthira rakhanA cAhie, usa prakAra nahIM rakhanA athavA yoga kA artha upadhAna tapa bhI hotA hai| sUtroM ko par3hate hue kiyA jAne vAlA eka vizeSa tapa upadhAna kahalAtA hai / usa upadhAna (tapa) kA AcaraNa kiye binA sUtra par3hanA yogahIna doSa kahalAtA hai| 8. ghosahINaM (ghoSahIna) - udAtta, anudAtta, svarita, sAnunAsika, niranunAsika Adi ghoSoM se rahita pATha karanA / kisI bhI svara yA vyaMjana ko ghoSa ke anusAra ThIka na par3hanA, athavA jJAna dAtA jisa zabda chanda paddhati se uccAraNa karAveM, vaisA uccAraNa karake nahIM par3hanA ghosahINaM doSa hai| 9. suTudiNNaM - yahAM "suTTha" zabda kA artha hai - zakti yA yogyatA se adhik| ziSya meM zAstra grahaNa karane kI jitanI zakti hai usase adhika par3hAnA 'suTTadiNNaM' kahalAtA hai| ____ 10. duTThapaDicchiyaM - Agama ko bure bhAva se grahaNa krnaa| 11. akAle kao sajjhAo - jisa kAla meM (cAra saMdhyAoM meM) sUtra svAdhyAya nahIM karanA cAhiye yA jo kAlika sUtrAdi jisa kAla (dina rAtri ke dUsare tIsare prahara) meM nahIM par3hanA cAhie, usa kAla meM svAdhyAya karane ko akAla svAdhyAya kahate haiN| 12. kAle na kao sajjhAo - jisa sUtra ke lie jo kAla nizcita kiyA gayA hai, usa samaya svAdhyAya na karanA doSa hai|

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [107] 13. asajjhAie sajjhAiyaM - asvAdhyAya arthAt aisA kAraNa yA samaya upasthita honA jisameM zAstra kA svAdhyAya varjita hai, usameM svAdhyAya karanA, asajjhAie sajjhAiyaM aticAra hai / asvAdhyAya ke 32 kAraNa kahe gaye haiN| 14. sajjhAie na sajjhAiyaM - sajjhAie na sajjhAiyaM arthAt svAdhyAya kAla meM svAdhyAya na karanA doSa hai| zruta (jJAna) grahaNa kI prakriyAdi zruta-adhyayana kA prayojana jisase zubha citta kA nirmANa hotA hai, adhyAtma kI upalabdhi hotI hai, tathA jisase bodhi, saMyama aura bandhana mukti ke tathyoM kI adhika prApti hotI hai, vaha adhyayana hai|45 dazavaikAlika sUtra ke navaveM adhyayana ke cauthe uddezaka meM zruta adhyayana ke cAra kAraNa batAye haiM, yathA 1. mujhe zruta kA lAbha hogA, jJAna bar3hegA, 2. maiM ekAgra-citta ho pAUMgA, 3. maiM svayaM ko dharma meM sthApita karUMgA aura 4. maiM svayaM dharma meM sthApita hokara dUsaroM ko usameM sthApita karU~gA /46 anuyogadvAra ke anusAra - 1. adhyAtma kI upalabdhi, 2. upacita karmoM kA kSaya (apacaya), 3. naye karmoM kA nirodha (anupacaya) uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke anusAra - 1. parama artha (mokSa) kI khoja. 2. svayaM siddhi prApta karane kI arhatA, 3. dUsaroM kI siddhi prApta karAne kI kSamatA 47 jJAna AdAna-pradAna ke kAraNa - 1. ziSyoM ko zrutasampanna banAne ke lie, 2. ziSyoM ke upakAra ke lie, 3. karmoM kI nirjarA ke lie, 4. vAcanA dvArA svayaM ke zruta ko puSTa karane ke lie, 5. zrutajJAna kI paraMparA cAlU rakhane ke lie jJAna sIkhane ke pAMca kAraNa - 1. AjJA ke lie 2. darzana ke lie 3. cAritra ke lie 4. mithyA abhiniveza chor3ane ke lie 5. yarthAtha jJAna ke lie zikSA prApta karane kI yogyatA guru kA atizaya vinaya karane vAlA, deza aura kAla ke anukUla dravya - azana, pAna, vastra, pAtra, auSadha Adi upalabdha karAne vAlA, abhiprAya ko jAnane vAlA anukUla ziSya samyak zruta ko prApta karatA hai|48 jo ziSya vinIta hai, baddhAMjali hokara guru se bAta karatA hai, guru ke abhiprAya kA anuvartana karatA hai, jo gurujanoM kI ArAdhanA karA hai, use guru vividha prakAra kA jJAna zIdhra karA detA haiM 49 jo sadA gurukula meM vAsa karatA hai, jo samAdhivAlA hotA hai, jo upadhAna-tapa karatA hai, jo priya vyavahAra karatA hai, jo priya bolatA hai, vaha zikSA prApta kara sakatA hai 250 jo muni AcArya aura upAdhyAya kI zuzrUSA aura AjJA-pAlana karate haiM, unakI zikSA usI prakAra bar3hatI hai, jaise jala meM sIce hue vRkss|51 jJAnAbhyAsa ke ayogya - 1. avinIta 2. vigaya pratibaddha 3. azAMta klezI 4. maayaavii| jJAnAbhyAsa ke yogya - 1. vinIta 2. vigaya apratibaddha 3. kaSAya, kleSa rahita zAMta 4. amaayaavii| 245. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 960 246. dazavaikAlika sUtra a.9, u. 4, gAthA 5 247. uttarAdhyayana sUtra adhyayana 11 gA032 248 vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 937 249. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 138 250. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, adhyayana 11, gAthA 14 251, dazavaikAlika sUtra adhyayana 9, u. 2, gA012

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[108] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ayogya ko zikSA dene se hAni jo eka arthapada ko bhI yathArtha rUpa se grahaNa nahIM kara pAtA, aise ayogya ziSya ko vAcanA dene se AcArya aura zruta kA avarNavAda hotA hai| koI kahatA hai - 'AcArya kuzala nahIM haiM, unameM pratipAdana kI kSamatA nahIM hai| koI kahatA hai, 'zrutagrantha paripUrNa athavA upayukta nahIM hai|' usa ziSya ko vAcanA dene meM samaya adhika bIta jAtA hai, isase AcArya sUtra aura artha kA parAvartana nahIM kara sakate, anya yogya ziSyoM ko pUrNa vAcanA nahIM de sakate / isa prakAra sUtra aura artha kI parihAni hotI hai| ___jaise vandhyA gAya sasneha AsphAlana karane para bhI dUdha nahIM detI, vaise hI mUDha ziSya kuzala guru se eka akSara bhI grahaNa nahIM kara sktaa| ayogya ko vAcanA dene vAlA kleza kA anubhava karatA hai aura prAyazcita kA bhAgI hotA hai 52 zikSAzIla ke guNa uttarAdhyana sUtra meM zikSAzIla vyakti ke ATha lakSaNa batAye haiM, yathA 1. haMsatA nahIM hai, 2. indriyoM aura mana ko vaza meM rakhatA hai, 3. kisI kA bhI marma prakAzita nahIM karatA hai, 4. caritra UMcA hotA hai, 5. cAritra meM doSa nahIM lagAtA hai, 6. rasoM meM Asakta nahIM hotA hai, 7. krodha nahIM karatA hai aura 8. satya bolatA hai 253 zikSA prApti meM bAdhaka tattva ___ahaMkAra, krodha, pramAda, roga aura Alasya karane vAlA zrutajJAna prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai|54 sAta kAraNa se jJAna ghaTatA hai 1. Alasya karane se, 2. niMdA karane se, 3. kleza karane se, 4. zoka karane se, 5. ciMtA karane se, 6. zarIra meM roga hone se, 7. kuTumba para adhika moha rakhane se| zrutajJAna dene kI vidhi guru mahArAja ziSya ko kisa prakAra zrutajJAna deM, isakI vidhi batAte hue jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM - pahale sUtra par3hAve aura sAmAnya artha batAve, phira niyukti mizrita sUtrArtha par3hAve aura anta meM naya, nikSepa pramANAdi sahita 'niravazeSa' sUtrArtha pddh'aave| yaha zrutadAna kI vidhi hai|255 zruta ke alAvA bhI bhASyakAra ne anya prasaMgoM para zruta ke sambandha meM jo ullekha kiyA haiM, vaha nimna prakAra se hai zruta kaise sIkheM? jinabhadragaNi ne zruta sIkhane ke dasa upAya batAye haiM, yathA 1. ahInAkSara - akSara hIna nahIM ho, 2. anatyakSara - akSara adhika na ho, 3. avyAviddhAkSara - jisakA varNanavinyAsa nAsamajha ke dvArA bAnAI gaI mAlA ke samAna asta-vyasta na ho, 4. askhalita -viSama bhUmi para calAne para jisa prakAra hala skhalita hotA hai, vaise zruta skhalita na ho, 5. amIlita pada-vAkya - jaise bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke dhAna ko alaga rakhA jAtA hai, vaise hI jisake pada-vAkya Adi mizrita na hoM, 6. avyatyAneDita - jisameM vibhinna Agama-graMthoM ke vAkyoM kA mizraNa na ho, 7. paripUrNa - jo mAtrA, 252. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 1457 253. uttarAdhyayana sUtra adhyayana 11 gAthA 4-5 254. uttarAdhyana sUtra adhyayana 11, gAthA 3 255. suttattho khalu paDhamo, bIo NijjuttimIsio bhnnio| taio ya Niravaseso, esa vihI hoi annuoge|| -Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 24, naMdIsUtra, pR. 206 vizeSAzyakabhASya gAthA 566

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [109] anusvAra Adi pUrNa vyavasthita ho tathA kriyAdi kA ucita prayoga huA ho, 8. pUrNaghoSa - parAvartana ke samaya udAtta Adi kA barAbara uccAraNa ho, 9. kaNThauSTha-vipramukta - kaNTha, oSTha Adi se spaSTa uccArita ho| 10. guruvAcanopagata - jo svayaM guru ke dvArA par3hAyA huA ho|56 zrutagrahaNa kI vidhi jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra zikSAgrahaNa ke sAta sUtra haiM, yathA 1. zikSita - sIkha lenA, kaMThastha kara lenA, 2. sthita - apracyuta banA lenA, hRdaya meM vyavasthita kara lenA, 3. citta - zIghra yAda A jAnA, 4. mita - varNa Adi kI saMkhyA-pariNANa jAna lenA, 5. paricita - pratiloma (utkrama) paddhati se punarAvartana karanA, 6. nAmasama - apane nAma kI tarahe hamezA yAda rakhanA, 7. ghoSasama - zruta dene vAlI AcArya ne jisa prakAra zabdoM kA udAtta-anudAtta-svarita kA jaisA ghoSa kiyA hai, vaisA hI grahaNa krnaa| zruta ko sunane kI vidhi guru jaba zruta jJAna dete haiM, to use kisa prakAra sune, isakA ullekha jinabhadragaNi ne nimna prakAra se kiyA hai-58 - 1. mUka rahe - gUMge kI bhAMti cupacApa hokara gurudeva ke vacana sune| 2. hu~kAra kare - sunane ke pazcAt gurudeva ko vinaya yukta tIna bAra vandanA kre| 3. bAr3hakAra karevandanA ke pazcAt 'gurudeva! Apane yathArtha pratipAdana kiyA' - yoM khe| 4. pratipRcchA kare - yaha 'tattva yoM kaise?' - yoM sAmAnya prazna kre| 5. vimarza kare - prazna kA sAmAnya uttara milane ke pazcAt vizeSa jJAna ke lie pramANa Adi puuche| 6. prasaMga pArAyaNa kare - pramANa Adi prApta karake usa tattva prasaMga kA AdyopAnta sUkSma buddhi se pArAyaNa kre| 7. pariniSTha hove - aisA karane para sAtavIM dazA meM zrutArthI ziSya, gurudeva ke samAna hI tattva pratipAdana meM samartha bana jAtA hai| 'zrutajJAna ke lAbhoM meM kauna-se zrutajJAna kA lAbha vAstavika hai' yaha batAne ke lie jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki AgamasatthaggahaNaM, jaM buddhiguNehiM aTThahiM dittuN| biMti suyaNANalaMbhaM, taM pavvavisArayA dhIrA 59 artha - samyakzruta ko bhI buddhi ke ATha guNoM ke sAtha grahaNa kiyA gayA ho, tabhI vAstavika zrutajJAna kA lAbha ho sakatA hai, dRSTivAda ke pAThI tathA jo sAdhu Adi upasarga Adi ke samaya bhI vrata-niyamoM kA dRr3hatApUrvaka pAlana karate haiM, unakA kahanA hai ki Agama zAstroM se jIvAdi tattvoM kA samyak (yathArtha) bodha honA hI zrutajJAna kA vAstavika lAbha hai| isake viparIta mithyAzruta ke grahaNa se zrutajJAna kA vAstavika lAbha nahIM prApta ho sakatA hai| buddhi ke ATha guNa jo bodha karAtA hai, vaha zAstra sAmAnya se jJAna kahalAtA hai| ye Agama hI AgamazAstra haiM, unakA jJAna zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai| zruta ko grahaNa karane hetu AgamoM meM jo buddhi ke guNa kahe haiM, usako zrutajJAna kahate haiN| ve nimna prakAra se haiM260256. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 853-857 __257. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 851-852 258. mUaM huMkAraM vA, vADhakkAraM paDipuccha viimNsaa| tatto pasaMgapArAyaNaM ca, pariNi? sttme|| -Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 23, naMdIsUtra, pR. 206 vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 565 259. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 21, naMdIsUtra, pR. 206, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 558 260. 1 sussUsai 2 paDipucchai 3 suNei 4 giNhai ya 5 Ihae yaavi| 6 tatto apohae vA 7 dhArei 8 karei vA smmN|| - Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 22, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA, 559-561, naMdI sUtra pR. 206

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[110] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ___ 1. zuzruSA - gurudeva jo kahate haiM use vinayayukta sunane kI icchA rakhatA hai, ekAgra hokara sunatA hai| athavA guru mahArAja jisa-jisa kArya ke lie AjJA deM, ve sabhI anugraha mAna kara sunane kI icchA kre| 2. pratipRcchA - sunate hue zruta meM jahA~ zaMkA ho jAya, vahA~ ati namra vacanoM se gurudeva ke hRdaya ko AhlAdita karatA huA, 'pUchatA' hai| athavA vaha kArya karate samaya punaH puuche| 3. zravaNa - pUchane para gurudeva jo kahate haiM, una zabdoM ko citta ko dolAyamAna na karate hue sAvadhAna citta hokara sunatA hai| athavA phira jAne hue zruta ko artha sahita sune| 4. grahaNa - una zabdoM ko suna kara unake arthoM ko samajhatA hai| athavA zruta ko sunakara avagraha Adi se grahaNa kre| 5. IhA - gurudeva ke pUrva kathana aura pazcAt kathana meM virodha na Ae, isa prakAra samyak paryAlocanA karatA hai| 6. apoha - vicAraNA ke anta meM gurudeva jaisA kahate haiM, tattva vaisA hI hai, anyathA nahIM - isa prakAra svamati meM samyak nirNaya karatA hai| 7. dhAraNa - vaha nirNaya kAlAMtara taka smaraNa meM rahe, isa prakAra usakI dhAraNA (avicyuti) karatA hai| 8. samyak anuSThAna- AgamoM meM jo samyak anuSThAna bAtAye haiM, unako karatA hai arthAt zrutajJAna meM jise tyAga karanA kahA hai, usakA tyAga karatA hai, jisakI upekSA karanA kahA hai, usakI upekSA karatA hai tathA jisakA dhAraNa karanA kahA hai, use dhAraNa karatA hai| samyak anuSThAnoM se zrutajJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama hotA hai aura guru ke citta kI ArAdhanA karanA bhI zrutajJAna kI prApti kA upAya hai| jJAna vRddhi ke nakSatra sthAnAMga sUtra ke 10veM sthAna meM jJAna kI vRddhi ke dasa nakSatroM kA ullekha haiM arthAt ina nakSatroM kA candramA ke sAtha yoga hone para vidyA Arambha karanA tathA vidyA sambandhI koI kAma zurU karane se jJAna kI vRddhi hotI hai, yathA - mRgazIrSa, ArdrA, puSya, pUrvAphAlgunI, pUrvabhAdrapadA, pUrvASADhA, mUlA, azleSA, hasta aura citraa| jJAna aura darzana kI anya darzanoM meM mAnya avadhAraNAoM se tulanA jainadarzana meM jJAna ko AtmA kA Avazyaka gaNa evaM lakSaNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kyoMki isI ke AdhAra para jIva aura ajIva meM bheda kiyA jAtA hai| ataH jainadarzana meM jJAna kI carcA AgamoM meM vidyamAna rahI hai, jise pramANacarcA kA aMga banAyA gayA hai, jabaki anya darzanoM meM prAyaH jJAna kI carcA pramANacarcA ke antargata hI kI jAtI hai| cArvAka darzana __ cArvAkadarzana mAtra eka pratyakSa pramANa ko hI jJAna rUpa mAnatA hai| cArvAka kahate haiM ki laukika jIvana hI yathArtha hai aura isIlie laukika jJAna hI yathArtha jJAna hai aura alaukikajJAna kI bAta brAhmaNoM kA SaDyaMtra mAtra hai| ata: inakA mAnanA hai ki yathArtha jJAnaprApti kA ekamAtra sAdhana pratyakSa hai| inake 261. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 561-564

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [111] anusAra kevala indriyoM ke dvArA hI vizvAsa yogya athavA asaMdigdha jJAna ho sakatA hai| indriya jJAna hI ekamAtra yathArtha jJAna hai| isa prakAra inhoMne anya darzanoM meM anumAna Adi pramANoM kA khaMDana kiyA hai| lekina cArvAka ne svayaM anya matoM kA khaNDana karane ke lie anumAna kA sahArA liyA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana 1. nyAyadarzana meM cAra pramANa svIkAra kie gae haiM - pratyakSa, anumAna upamAna aura shbd| jabaki vaizeSikoM ko jJAna rUpa meM do pramANa mAnya haiM - pratyakSa aura anumaan| 2. vaizeSika darzana meM jJAna ko buddhi meM aMtarbhUta kiyA hai| punaH buddhi ke do bheda haiM - vidyA (pramA) aura avidyA (aprmaa)| pramA yathArtha jJAna ko kahate haiN| pramA ke cAra bheda kiye haiM - pratyakSa, anumAna, smRti aura aarssjnyaan| isake alAvA zeSa jJAnoM ko apramA kahate haiN| avidyA (apramA) ke bhI cAra prakAra haiM - saMzaya, viparyaya, anadhyavasAya aura svpn| ina cAroM se yathArtha jJAna nahIM hotA hai| jJAna tabhI satya hotA hai jaba vaha apane viSaya ke yathArtharUpa ko prakAzita karatA hai| yathArtha-jJAna se saphalatA milatI hai tathA mithyA jJAna se viphalatA milatI hai|62 isa prakAra vidyA aura avidyA kI tulanA jainadarzana meM mAnya samyakjJAna aura mithyA jJAna ke sAtha kara sakate haiN| 3. nyAya-vaizeSika bhI jaina tArkikoM ke samAna smRtijJAna ko pratyakSa se bhinna svIkAra karate haiM, lekina unhoMne smRti ko apramANa mAnA hai, jabaki jaina dArzanikoM ne smRti ko pramANa mAnA haiN|63 jaina dArzanika anadhyavasAya ko bhI apramANa mAnate haiN| 5. nyAya aura vaizeSika IzvaravAdI darzana haiN| ve Izvara ko sarvajJa mAnate haiN| kAlakrama se unameM yogi-pratyakSa kI avadhAraNA praviSTa huI hai, para jaina darzana meM kevalajJAna yA sarvajJatva mokSa kI anivArya zarta hai| nyAya aura vaizeSika kA mata hai- mukta avasthA meM yogipratyakSa nahIM rhtaa| Izvara kA jJAna nitya hai aura yogipratyakSa anitya / 264 6. nyAya-vaizeSika Adi darzanoM meM jJAna AtmA ke guNa ke rUpa meM sammata nahIM hai, isalie unheM manuSya kI sarvajJatA kA siddhAnta mAnya nahIM hai| 7. nyAyavaizeSika darzana meM 'Rte jJAnAnna muktiH ' kahakara jJAna ko mokSa kA anivArya hetu batAyA hai aura jainadarzana bhI mokSa prApti meM kevalajJAna kI anivAryatA svIkAra karatA hai, lekina antara hai yaha hai ki, jainadarzana meM muktAtmA meM bhI kevalajJAna svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jabaki nyAyavaizeSika darzana muktAtmA meM jJAna ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, kyoMki muktAtmA jJAnAdi vizeSa guNoM se dUra hotA hai| artha kA sannikarSa niyama se hotA hai|266 jabaki jaina darzana ke anusAra cakSu ke alAvA cAra indriyA~ hI prApyakArI haiN| 9. nyAya-vaizeSika darzana vAle jJAna ko asvasaMvedI mAnate haiM, jabaki jaina darzana meM jJAna ko svasaMvedI mAnA gayA hai|67 262. draSyavya - prazastapAda bhASya, buddhi prakaraNa 264. nyAyamaMjarI, peja 508 266. nyAyasUtra 1.1.4 263. SaDdarzana samuccaya, pR. 398 265. vyomavatI, pR. 638 267. SaDdarzana samuccaya, pR. 397

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[112] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana yogadarzana 1. yogadarzana meM yathArtha jJAna rUpa tIna pramANa svIkAra kiye gaye haiM - pratyakSa, anumAna aura shbd| 2. yogadarzana meM svapna ko eka prakAra kI smRti mAnA hai,268 jabaki jainadarzana svapna ko smRti rUpa svIkAra nahIM karatA hai| 3. yogadarzana ke anusAra jJAna AkAza kI taraha ananta hai, jabaki jJeya alpa hai| jainadarzana meM abhilApya aura anabhilApya jJAna kI apekSA jJeya alpa hai| ___4. yogadarzana mAnya tamoguNa hI jainadarzana meM mAnya jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura mohanIya karma haiM, kyoMki yogadarzana meM tamo guNa ko jJAnAvaraNa kahA hai|269 5. yoga darzana jainadarzana kI bhAMti nidrA meM jJAna svIkAra karatA hai| 6. yogadarzana meM mAnya atIta-anAgata jJAna aura jainadarzana mAnya avadhijJAna Adi jJAna bhUta bhaviSya kI bAta jAnate haiM 70 7. yogadarzana sammata bhuvana jJAna aura jainadarzana sammata avadhijJAna donoM meM aneka loka ko dekhane kI zakti hai 71 8. yogadarzana gata kaivalya jJAna kA varNana jainadarzana ke kevalajJAna ke sAtha bahuta milatA hai, jaise ki donoM sarvaviSayaka haiM aura trikAlagocara viSayoM kI sabhI paryAyoM ko eka sAtha jAnate haiM 72 bauddhadarzana ____ 1. bauddhadarzana meM bhI jainadarzanAnusAra pAMca prakAra kA AvaraNa mAnA hai, jisako pAMca nIvaraNa khtehaiN| 2. bauddhadarzana meM jJAna ke cAra kAraNa mAne haiM - 1. Alambana 2. samanantara 3. sahakArI 4. adhipati prtyy| 3. bauddhadarzana meM bhI aindriyaka aura atIndriya jJAna darzana ke lie jainadarzana ke samAna 'jANai' aura 'pAsai' kriyA kA prayoga huA hai|73 4. bauddha ke anusAra AzravakSaya jJAna (AsravoM ke kSaya kA jJAna) hI uccatama hai, kyoMki vaha mAtra arhanta ko hI prApta hotA hai| isa jJAna kI tulanA jainadarzana ke kevalajJAna ke sAtha kara sakate haiM 74 6. jainadarzana ke darzanopayoga aura bauddhadarzana ke pratyakSa kA artha jIva meM padArtha kA pratibimbita honA hI hai arthAt bauddhadarzana meM jo pratyakSa kA lakSaNa nirvikalpaka jJAna hai vahI jainadarzana meM darzanopayoga hai| bauddha darzana meM nirvikalpaka jJAna (darzanopayoga) ko pramANa rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jabaki jainadarzana meM isako pramANa rUpa svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| 7. bauddhadarzana nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ke bAda savikalpaka jJAna kA krama mAnA hai, yaha jaina darzana dvArA mAnya darzana-jJAna ke samAna hai| 75 268. yogabhASya 1.11 270. yogabhASya 3.16 272. yogabhASya 3.54 274. jayatilaka pR. 438 pari.752 269. yogabhASya 3.43, 4.31 271. yogabhASya 3.16 273. jayatilaka pR. 418-19, 432 275. darzanapUrva jJAnamiti ..... cityaat| jJAnabinduprakaraNa, pR. 43

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [113] 8. bauddhadarzana meM zUnyavAdI ke anusAra tIna dRSTikoNa mAnya haiM - 1. mithyAsaMvRti, 2. tathyasaMvRti aura 3. paramArtha / vijJAnavAdI bhI tIna dRSTikoNoM kA ullekha karate haiM - 1. parikalpita 2. paratantra aura 3. prinisspnn| vijJAnavAda kA paratantra jaina darzana ke parokSajJAna ke nikaTa hai| yahA~ use paratantra isalie kahA gayA hai ki vaha jJAna, mana aura indriyoM ke adhIna hotA hai| jaina paramparA ke nizcayanaya ko vijJAnavAdiyoM ne pariniSpanna aura zUnyavAdiyoM ne paramArtha kahA hai aura vyavahAranaya ko vijJAnavAdiyoM ne paratantra aura zUnyavAdiyoM ne lokasaMvRtti kahA hai| sAMkhyadarzana 1. sAMkhyadarzana meM pratyakSa ke do bheda kiye haiM - nirvikalpa aura savikalpa jo jaina darzana dvArA mAnya anAkAra (darzana) aura sAkAra (jJAna) ke tulya hai|76 2. sAMkhya-yoga jJAnAvaraNa kA saMbaMdha citta ke sAtha jor3ate haiM, kyoMki jJAna puruSa kA nahIM citta kA svabhAva hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM citavRtti ko jJAna ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| jainadarzana meM jJAna kA sambandha AtmA se jor3A jAtA hai | 3. sAMkhya Adi chaha vaidika darzana-78 tathA bauddha darzana akSa kA artha indriya karate haiM, aura indriya se hone vAle jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnate haiN| jabaki jainadarzana indriyajanya jJAna ko parokSa mAnatA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne isa viSaya meM aura spaSTatA karate hue kahA hai ki indriyajJAna (matijJAna) paramArthataH parokSa hai, jabaki vyavahArataH pratyakSa hai|79 4. sAMkhya darzana meM kevalajJAna athavA kaivalya kI avadhAraNA jaina darzana kA bhAMti spaSTa hai 80 5. sAMkhya-yoga ke anusAra citta jJAtA hai aura puruSa draSTA hai| puruSa cittavRtti dekhatA hai, citta kA jJAna kArya aura puruSa kA darzana kArya yugapat hotA hai| mImAMsA darzana 1. mImAMsA darzana meM ajJAta artha ke jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnA hai, jabaki jainadarzana meM gRhItagrAhI jJAna bhI pramANa kI koTi meM liyA gayA hai| 2. mImAMsaka pratyakSa jJAna ko nirvikalpa aura savikalpa mAnate haiM, jo ki jainadarzana ke sAkAra aura anAkAra upayoga ke tulya ho sakatA hai| 3. mImAMsA darzana meM pratyakSa ke atirikta parokSa jJAna ke rUpa meM pAMca pramANa mAne gaye haiM - anumAna, upamAna, zabda, arthApatti, anuplbdhi| inameM aMtima pramANa anupalabdhi ko kevala bhaTTamImAMsaka mAnate haiM, prabhAraka nahIM 1 jainadarzana meM pramANa ke do prakAra haiM - pratyakSa aura prokss| parokSa pramANa ke antargata smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka anumAna evaM Agama ye pAMca pramANa svIkRta hai| 4. mImAMsA darzana meM svataH prAmANyavAda kA mata svIkRta hai| inake anusAra jJAna kA prAmANya (prAmANikatA) usa jJAna kI utpAdaka sAmagrI meM hI vidyamAna rahatA hai, kahIM bAhara se nahIM AtA 277. sAMkhyatattva kaumudI, pR. 5 276. bhAratIyadarzana, pR. 270 278. nyAkumudacandra Ti. pR. 24-25 280. sAMkhyakArikA, 64,68 281. bhAratIyadarzana, pR. 298

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[114] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana hai| ataH jJAna utpanna hote hI usake prAmANya kA bhI jJAna hotA hai 182 jainadarzana meM abhyAsa dazA meM jJAna kA svataH prAmANya tathA anabhyAsa dazA meM parataH prAmANya mAnA gayA hai| 5. prabhAkara mImAMsakoM ke anusAra pratyeka padArtha ke viSaya ke jJAna ke lie aMga usameM vidyamAna rahate haiM - 1. jJAtA (jAnane vAlA) 2. jJeya (jo viSaya jAnA jAtA hai) 3. jJAna (padArtha ko jAnanA) jaiseki 'maiM (jJAtA) yaha ghar3A (jJeya) jAnatA hU~ (jJAna)' ina tInoM kA jJAna eka sAtha hotA hai| ise tripuTI jJAna kahate haiN| jaba kabhI jJAna utpanna hotA hai, taba vaha jJAtA, jJeya aura svayaM ko prakaTa karatA hai| isalie jJAna, jJAtA aura jJeya kA prakAzaka hone ke sAtha-sAtha svayaM kA bhI prakAzaka hotA hai| lekina bhATTa mImAMsakoM kA mAnanA hai ki jJAna svabhAvataH apanA viSaya svayaM nahIM ho sakatA hai arthAt jJAna kA jJAna pratyakSa nahIM hotaa| vaha parokSa rUpa se, jJAtA ke AdhAra para anumAna ke dvArA prApta hotA hai|283 6. mImAMsakoM kA 'AlocanA jJAna' yA bauddhoM kA 'nirvikalpa jJAna' akalaMka ke anusAra avagraha se pUrva hone vAle darzana ke samAna hai| 7. bhATTamImAMsaka aura advaita vedAntiyoM ne pratyakSa, anumAna, zabda, upamAna, arthApatti tathA anupalabdhi ina chaha pramANoM ko jJAna rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| 8. mImAMsakoM ke anusAra koI bhI manuSya sarvajJa nahIM ho sakatA hai| 9. bhATTamImAMsaka dArzanikoM ke anusAra jJAna svaprakAza nahIM hotA hai, jabaki jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra jJAna sva-para prakAzaka hotA hai / 284 vedAnta darzana vedAnta ke anusAra kevala brahma hI sarvajJa ho sakatA, koI manuSya nhiiN| vaidika mAnyatAnusAra AtmA kI sahAyatA se mana jJAna prApta karatA hai, lekina atIndriya jJAna meM mana kI upasthiti ucita pratIta nahIM hotI hai| kyoMki jaina paramparA meM atIndriya jJAna ko AtmasApekSa mAnA gayA hai| vaidika aura bauddha paramparA indriyajanya jJAna ko pratyakSa svIkAra karatI haiM 85 jabaki jainadarzana meM mati (indriyajanya jJAna) aura zrutajJAna ko paramArthataH parokSa evaM avadhi Adi tIna jJAna paramArthataH pratyakSa svIkRta haiN| vaidikadarzana meM tIna prakAra ke satya kahe gaye haiM - prAtibhAsika satya, vyAvahArika satya aura pAramArthika satya hai| jainaparamparA kA nizcayanaya zaMkara kA pAramArthika satya aura vyavahAranaya vyAvahArika satya hai / 286 282. bhAratIyadarzana, pR. 306 283. bhAratIyadarzana, pR. 313-314 284. SaDdarzana samuccaya, pR. 403 285. pramANa mImAMsA, TippaNa pR. 127 286. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhAga 1, pR. 31-32

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [115] samIkSaNa bhAratIya darzana kI pRSThabhUmi adhyAtmavAda para avalambita hai| prAyaH sabhI darzanoM ne kisI na kisI rUpa meM jIva kI makta avasthA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| jIva ke mukta hone meM sabase mukhya upAya jJAna hai| jIva sAkAra (jJAna) upayoga meM hI mokSa ko prApta karatA hai| jJAna sahita kriyA (cAritra) se jIva apane carama lakSya ko prApta kara sakatA hai| bhagavatI sUtra (zataka 2, uddezaka 5) meM jJAna kA phala vijJAna, vijJAna kA phala pratyAkhyAna, pratyAkhyAna kA saMyama, isI prakAra anAsrava, tapa, nirjarA, akriyA evaM aMtima phala mokSa batAyA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne jJAna ko AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa mAnA hai| jJAna aura AtmA kA eka dUsare kI apekSA se astitva siddha hai| yadi AtmA se jJAna naSTa ho jAe to vaha ajIvavat ho jAegI evaM jJAna bhI binA AtmA ke nahIM raha sakatA hai| ataH jJAna AtmA se kabhI alaga nahIM hotA hai| balki jJAna AtmA kA svarUpa hai| AtmA naraka-nigoda athavA mokSa kisI bhI avasthA meM rahe usameM jJAna kI sattA avazya rahatI hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM bhI jJAna ko ihabhavika, parabhavika aura tadubhaya bhavika batAyA hai| samyagjJAna AtmA ke utthAna meM sahAyaka banatA hai| jJAna hI virakti (cAritra) yA mokSa kA mAtR sthAna hai| kisI bhI vastu ko jAnanA jJAna kahalAtA hai| jJAna kartA, karaNa evaM kArya tInoM hai| jisa prakAra dIpaka svayaM ko jAnatA hai, vaise hI jJAna sva-para ko jAnatA hai| para-saMvedana meM 'yaha paTa hai' tathA sva-saMvedana meM 'maiM isa paTa ko jAna rahA hU~' ye donoM pratyeka jJAna ke Avazyaka pakSa haiM tathA astitva kI dRSTi se paraspara sApekSa haiN| inameM se eka kA niSedha karane para dUsare kA kathana bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| jJAna sva-para kA prakAzaka tatatahotA hai| jJAna se jise jAnA jAtA hai, vaha jJAna kA jJeya kahalAtA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra na to jJeya se jJAna utpanna hotA hai aura na jJeya jJAna se| hamArA jJAna jJeya ko jAnatA hai, jJeya se utpanna nahIM hotA hai| jJAna AtmA meM guNa svarUpa se sadA avasthita rahatA hai aura paryAya rUpa se pratisamaya parivartita hotA rahatA hai| jJAna aura jJeya meM viSaya aura viSayI bhAva kA sambandha ghaTita hotA hai| jJAna ko Avarita karane vAle karma ko jJAnAvaraNIya karma kahate haiN| jisa prakAra A~kha para kapar3e kI paTTI lapeTane se vastuoM ke dekhane meM rukAvaTa ho jAtI hai usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke prabhAva se AtmA ko padArthoM kA jJAna karane meM rukAvaTa par3a jAtI hai| paM. kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA jJAnAvaraNa karma meM mohanIya karma ko kAraNa mAnate haiN| upayoga jIva kA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa hai| asAdhAraNa lakSaNa vaha hotA hai jo usake alAvA anya meM nahIM pAyA jAtA ho| upayoga do prakAra kA hotA hai - sAkAra (jJAna) aura anAkAra (drshn)| AtmA kA bodha rUpa vyApAra jo vastu ke sAmAnya dharma ko gauNa karake mukhya rUpa se vastu ke vizeSa dharma ko jAnatA hai, vaha sAkAra (jJAna) upayoga hai tathA AtmA kA vaha bodharUpa vyApAra jo vastu ke vizeSa dharma ko gauNa karake vastu ke sAmAnya dharma ko mukhya rUpa se jAnatA hai, vaha anAkAra (darzana) upayoga hai| paM. kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA ke anusAra jahA~ sAmAnya grahaNa darzana kahA hai vahA~ sAmAnya zabda kA prayoga avizeSa anubhUti ke lie huA hai, jisakA dUsarA nAma saMvedana hai|

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[116] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jJAna aura darzana meM antara - 1. jJAna meM pramANatA hotI hai aura darzana meM pramANatA nahIM hai| 2. jJAna vizeSa grahaNa karane vAlA jabaki darzana sAmAnya grahaNa karane vAlA hotA hai| 3. jJAna vidyamAna aura avidyamAna donoM prakAra ke padArthoM ke sambandha meM hotA hai jabaki darzana kevala vidyamAna padArthoM ke sambandha meM hI hotA hai| jJAna ke pAMca prakAra haiM, yathA 1. AbhinibodhikajJAna, 2. zrutajJAna, 3. avadhijJAna, 4 mana:paryavajJAna, 5. kevljnyaan| tIna ajJAna haiM -1. mati ajJAna, 2. zruta ajJAna aura vibhaMga jnyaan| darzana ke cakSu, acakSu, avadhi aura kevala darzana ye cAra bheda hote haiN| vaise to darzana ke ye hI cAra bheda prasiddha hai, parantu sthAnAMga sUtra sthAna 8 meM darzana ke ATha prakAroM kA bhI ullekha hai, yathA - samyaga-darzana, mithyA darzana, samamithyA darzana, yAnI mizra darzana, cakSu darzana, acakSu darzana, avadhi darzana, kevala darzana aura svapna drshn| darzana meM vikalpa kA abhAva hone se vaha mithyA nahIM hotA hai, jabaki jJAna vikalpa sahita hotA hai, isalie vaha mithyA rUpa bhI hotA hai| mithyAtva ke kAraNa hI jJAna ajJAna rUpa hotA hai| ajJAna meM se mithyAtva nikAla dene para vahI jJAna rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| ___ mithyAdRSTi kA jJAna sat-asat ke viveka se rahita hone se saMsAra kA kAraNa hotA hai| isalie vaha ajJAna rUpa hai jabaki samyagdRSTi kA jJAna sat-asat ke viveka sahita hone se mokSa kA kAraNa hotA hai, isalie vaha jJAna rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| prAcIna Agama paramparA meM mati Adi pAMca jJAnoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| dArzanika paramparA ke AcAryoM ne mati Adi pAMca jJAnoM ko pratyakSa aura parokSa ke rUpa meM vibhAjita kiyA hai, jisameM prathama do jJAna kA parokSa aura zeSa tIna jJAnoM kA pratyakSa meM grahaNa kiyA hai| indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se AtmA ko jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha parokSa hai tathA indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA AtmA ko jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha pratyakSa hai| vaizeSikadarzana ke anusAra akSa kA artha indriya hai aura indriyoM se hone vAlA jJAna hI pratyakSa hai, zeSa jJAna parokSa hai| jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki indriyoM se utpanna hue jJAna kI smRti AtmA meM indriyoM ke naSTAdi hone para bhI hotI hai| yadi indriyA~ hI jJAtA hotI to una (indriyoM) ke naSTa hone para AtmA ko jJAna nahIM honA cAhie, lekina hotA hai| ataH AtmA hI jAnatI hai, indriyA~ nhiiN| indriya jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnane meM koI doSa nahIM hai| akalaMka ne isakA yuktiyukta samAdhAna kiyA hai| kAlakrama se pratyakSa pramANa ke do bheda kie haiM - 1. sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa aura 2. pAramArthika prtykss| parokSa pramANa ke pAMca bheda kie gae haiM - 1. smRti, 2. pratyabhijJAna, 3. tarka, 4. anumAna aura 5. aagm| sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke do bheda pratipAdita kie gaye haiM - 1. indriya pratyakSa aura 2. anindriya prtykss| pAramArthika pratyakSa ke punaH tIna bheda kie gae haiM - 1. avadhijJAna, 2. mana:paryavajJAna aura 3. kevljnyaan| isa prakAra jainasAhitya meM pAMca jJAna kA vicAra Agama zailI, tarka zailI, darzana zailI se kiyA gayA hai| mati Adi pAMca jJAnoM kA jo krama rakhA gayA hai, vaha svAmI, kAla, viSaya Adi ke AdhAra se hai| anta meM kevalajJAna ko rakhane kAraNa yaha hai ki kevalajJAna meM matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [117] aura mana:paryavajJAna ina cAroM jJAnoM kI sahAyatA kI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai| ye cAroM jJAna kSAyopazamika haiM isaliye ina cAroM jJAnoM ke chUTa jAne para yaha kevalajJAna utpanna hotA hai| kucha logoM kI mAnyatA hai ki kevalajJAna ho jAne para matijJAna Adi cAroM jJAnoM kA kevalajJAna meM antarbhAva (samAveza) ho jAtA hai kintu yaha mAnyatA Agama sammata nahIM hai| kyoMki kevalajJAna kSAyika bhAva hai aura matijJAna Adi cAroM jJAna kSAyopazamika bhAva meM hai| isalie kSAyopazamika bhAva kA kSAyika bhAva meM samAveza nahIM hotA hai| jJAna ke mukhya rUpa se tIna sAdhana hote haiM - 1. indriya, 2. mana aura 3. aatmaa| isameM se prathama do parokSa jJAna ke tathA AtmA pratyakSa jJAna kA mukhya rUpa se sAdhana hotI hai| ___ saMsArI AtmA ko pahacAnane kA jo liMga hotA hai, use indriya kahate haiN| jainadarzana meM indriyoM ko paudgalika mAnA hai, jisase naiyAyikoM ke mata kA khaNDana ho jAtA hai| indriyoM ke zrotrendriyAdi pAMca bheda hote haiN| punaH pAMca indriyoM ko mukhya rUpa se do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai - dravyendriya aura bhaavendriy| dravyendriya do prakAra kI hotI hai - nirvRti aura upkrnn| nirvRti dravyendriya ke punaH do bheda hote haiM - brAhyanirvRti (indriya kA saMsthAna vizeSa) aura AbhyaMtara (sabhI jIvoM meM saMsthAna samAna hotA hai)| jo nirvRti dravyendriya meM upakAraka ho vaha upakaraNendriya hai| bhAvendriya ke do bheda hote haiM - labdhi bhAvendriya (sabhI AtmapradezoM para Avaraka karmoM kA kSayopazama honA) aura upayoga bhAvendriya (viSaya meM pravRtta honaa)| jIva ke sabhI Atma-pradezoM para indriya jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazama hote hue bhI sthAna vizeSa se indriya ke viSaya kA grahaNa hotA hai| jaise cakSu se hI rUpa kA grahaNa hotA hai| dravyendriya aura bhAvendriya meM Apasa meM kArya aura kAraNa bhAva hotA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM cakSu indriya aura mana ko prApyakArI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ataH jinabhadragaNi ne tarka pUrvaka cakSuindriya aura mana ko aprApyakArI siddha kiyA hai| kyoMki yadi cakSu aura mana ko prApyakArI svIkAra kiyA jAe to jAne gaye padArtha se utpanna anugraha (sukha) aura upaghAta (du:kha) kA kAraNa bhI usI padArtha ko mAnanA pdd'egaa| aisI sthiti meM pAnI ko dekhane se AMkhoM meM zItalatA kA aura agni ko dekhane para uSNatA kA anubhava hogaa| isI prakAra mana meM jala kA cintana karane para ArdratA aura agni kA cintana karane para dAha honA cAhie, lekina aisA vyavahAra meM nahIM hotA hai isalie yaha donoM aprApyakArI haiN| indriyAM matijJAna meM sahAyaka hotI haiN| ata: zrotrendriyAdi pAMcoM indriyA~ apane-apane viSaya kA grahaNa karatI haiM, lekina apane-apane viSaya ko bhI bhinna-bhinna prakAra se grahaNa karatI haiN| jaiseki zrotrendriya zabda kA sparza hone para sunatI hai, kintu cakSurindriya to rUpa ko binA sparza hue hI dekhatI hai tathA ghrANendriya gandha ko, rasanendriya rasa ko aura sparzanendriya sparza ko, spRSTa aura baddha hone para hI jAnatI hai| isa apekSA se cakSu indriya paTutama, zrotrendriya paTutara aura zeSa tIna indriyAM paTu hotI haiN| pAMcoM indriyoM ke jaghanya aura utkRSTa viSaya kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| indriyoM kA viSaya AtmAMgula se hI grahaNa karanA caahie| zrotrendriya kA utkRSTa viSaya 12 yojana, cakSurindriya kA utkRSTa viSaya eka lAkha yojana se adhika tathA zeSa ghrANendriya, rasanendriya aura sparzanendriya kA utkRSTa viSaya nau yojana kA hai| ye pAMcoM indriyAM apane-apane utkRSTa viSaya

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[118] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana kSetra se Aye hue gaMdha-rasa aura sparza rUpa artha ko grahaNa karatI haiN| isase adhika dUra se Aye hue zabda aura gaMdhAdi viSaya maMdapariNAma vAle hone se indriyoM ke viSaya nahIM banate haiN| zrotrendriya kA viSaya zabda (bhASA) hai| jo bolI jAtI hai, vaha bhASA hai, athavA vaktA jisako zabda rUpa meM chor3e vaha dravya samUha bhASA hai| jo vyakti samazreNI meM rahe hue zabda ko sunatA hai, to vaha mizra zabda sunatA hai arthAt jo zrotA chahoM dizAoM meM se kisI bhI dizA meM, yadi vaktA kI samazreNI meM rahA huA ho, to vaha jo zabda sunatA hai, vaha mizrita sunatA hai| bhASA kA grahaNa kAyayoga se hotA hai, usakA visarjana vacanayoga se hotA hai| kitane samaya meM bhASA pUre loka ko pUrita karatI hai, isa sambandha meM prApta matAntaroM ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| parokSa jJAna meM indriya ke bAda mana kA sahayoga bhI apekSita hai| ataH parokSa jJAna kA dUsarA mukhya sAdhana mana hai| sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ne mana ke astitva ko svIkAra kiyA hai| jisake dvArA padArthoM kA manana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha mana kahalAtA hai| mana do prakAra kA hotA hai, dravya mana (paudgalika) aura bhAva mana (cetnaamy)| mana:paryApti nAma karma ke udaya se jaba manodravya ko grahaNa karake mana rUpa meM pariNata kiyA jAtA hai, to vaha dravya mana kahalAtA hai tathA manodravya ke Alambana se jIva ke mana kA vyApAra 'bhAva mana' kahalAtA hai| ___ dravyamana ke binA bhAvamana nahIM hotaa| kintu bhAva mana ke binA dravyamana ho sakatA hai| jaise bhavastha kevalI ke dravyamana hotA hai, bhAvamana nhiiN| bhAva mana ke anusAra hI dravya mana ke pariNAma hote haiM, vaise hI dravyamana bhAvamana kA AdhAra hotA hai| dravyamana ke binA bhAvamana apanA kArya nahIM kara sakatA hai| manaHparyavajJAnI bhI dravyamana ko hI jAnate haiN| vaizeSika mana ko paramANu rUpa, sAMkhyadarzana aNurUpa tathA bauddha-jaina ke anusAra mana madhyama parimANI hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra bhAva mana kA sthAna AtmA hai, kintu dravya mana ke sambandha meM eka mata nahIM hai| digambara paramparA dravya mana ko hRdaya meM mAnatI hai, kintu zvetAmbara paramparA ke vyAkhyA sAhitya ke anusAra dravya mana kA sthAna sampUrNa zarIra hai| mana mAtra saMjJI jIvoM ke hotA hai, saMjJI jIva dIrghakAlikopadezikI saMjJA, hetuvAdopadezikI saMjJA, dRSTivAdopadezikI saMjJA kI apekSA tIna prakAra ke hote haiM, kintu yahAM para mana ke jo adhikArI haiM, ve dIrghakAlikI saMjJA kI apekSA se hI haiM, kyoMki jisake dvArA atIta kI smRti aura bhaviSya kI cintA (kalpanA) kI jAtI hai, vaha dIrghakAlikI saMjJA hai| AgamAnusAra ekendriya jIvoM ke bhAva mana nahIM hotA hai| indriyA~ kevala mUrttadravya kI vartamAna paryAya ko jAnatI haiM, mana mUrta aura amUrta traikAlika aneka rUpoM ko jAnatA hai, kyoMki mana kA viSaya pratiniyata nahIM hai, vaha dUra-nikaTa sarvatra pravRtta hotA rahatA hai| mana pravRtta hote hI artha kI upalabdhi karatA hai, aura artha kI upalabdhi vyaMjanAvagraha meM nahIM, arthAvagraha meM prAraMbha hotI hai, ataeva mana se vyaMjanAvagraha mAnanA yogya nhiiN| isake sambandha meM naMdI, SaTkhaNDAgama aura tattvArthasUtra kI paramparA ke AcArya eka mata haiN| __jJAna kA aMtima sAdhana AtmA hai| AtmA pratyakSa jJAna kA sAdhana hai| AtmA jJAtA (jAnane) aura draSTA (dekhane) hotA hai| AtmA varNa gandha Adi se rahita hotA hai, AtmA ke chaha guNa hote haiM

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dvitIya adhyAya - jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya [119] - jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya, cetanatva, amuurttv| upayoga AtmA kA lakSaNa hai| AtmA kI siddhi ke lie jainAcAryoM ne aneka hetu die haiM, jaiseki jIva ke astitva kI siddhi jIva zabda se hI hotI hai, jIva hai yA nahIM, yaha ciMtana mAtra hI jIva kI sattA ko siddha karatA hai tathA zarIra meM sthita jo yaha socatA hai ki maiM zarIra nahIM hU~, vahI jIva hai| jaina darzana meM AtmA ko pradezoM se yukta mAnA hai| yaha zarIra pramANa hotI hai| isameM saMkoca vistAra kA guNa pAyA jAtA hai| jaina darzana AtmA ko sarvavyApaka tathA kUTastha nitya nahIM mAnatA hai| AtmA utpAda, dhrauvya aura vyaya guNa vAlI hotI hai| isake bAda zrutajJAna kaise grahaNa karanA cAhie, isake grahaNa kI vidhi kyA hai, zrutajJAna ko grahaNa karane vAle kI yogyatA kyA hai? ityAdi kA vistAra se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM varNita jJAna ke svarUpa kI anya darzanoM ke sAtha tulanA karane para jJAta hotA hai ki nyAya-vaizeSika dArzanika jJAna ko asvasaMvedI mAnate haiM, jabaki jaina darzana meM jJAna ko svasaMvedI mAnA gayA hai| yogadarzana meM mAnya atIta-anAgata jJAna aura jainadarzana mAnya avadhijJAna Adi jJAna bhUta bhaviSya kI bAta jAnate haiN| bauddhadarzana meM bhI aindriyaka aura atIndriya jJAna darzana ke lie jainadarzana ke samAna 'jANai' aura 'pAsai' kriyA kA prayoga huA hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM pratyakSa ke do bheda kiye haiM - nirvikalpa aura savikalpa jo jaina darzana dvArA mAnya anAkAra (darzana) aura sAkAra (jJAna) ke tulya hai| bhATTamImAMsaka dArzanikoM ke anusAra jJAna svaprakAzaka nahIM hotA hai, jabaki jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra jJAna sva-para prakAzaka hotA hai| jJAna ke sambandha meM kucha viziSTa bindu haiM - 1 pAMco jJAnoM meM eka zrutajJAna hI vacana kA viSaya banatA hai| jo anubhUti hotI hai,vaha matijJAna hai| matijJAna kA kucha hissA zruta banakara vacana kA viSaya bana jAtA hai| zeSa jo vacana kA viSaya nahIM banatA hai, use vacana agocara kahA jAtA hai| 2. uttarAdhyana sUtra meM pahale zrutajJAna aura bAda meM matijJAna kA jabaki nandI meM pahale matijJAna aura bAda meM zrutajJAna kA ullekha hai| nandI Adi meM jo pahale matijJAna ko batAyA hai, vahI krama AgamakAroM ko iSTa hai tathA uttarAdhyayanasUtra adhyayana 28 meM pahale zrutajJAna kA ullekha huA hai vaha gAthA chanda kI pUrti ke kAraNa kiyA ho, aisA pratIta hotA hai| 3. jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama ke kAraNa AtmA meM utpanna jJAnalabdhi kI apekSA hI eka jIva meM eka samaya meM, eka se adhika jJAna pAye jAte haiN| parantu upayoga kI apekSA se eka jIva meM eka samaya meM eka se adhika jJAna kA yA darzana kA upayoga nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| 4. pAMcoM indriyoM ke sAmAnya jJAna ko darzana kahate haiN| isa sAmAnya jJAna ko mati-zruta ke samAna eka sAtha grahaNa nahIM karake cakSudarzana aura acakSudarzana meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki loka meM dekhane kA vyavahAra netroM dvArA hI hotA hai, zeSa indriyoM dvArA nhiiN| ataH A~kha se hone vAle sAmAnya bodha ko 'cakSudarzana' tathA zeSa cAra indriyoM aura mana ke dvArA dekhane kI kriyA nahIM hone se una saba kA eka acakSudarzana meM grahaNa kara liyA hai|

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[120] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 5. chadmastha kA jJAna darzana pUrvaka hI hotA hai, yaha ekAnta nahIM hai| mati to darzana pUrvaka hI hotA hai, mati ke bAda jo zruta hotA hai usake lie darzana kA honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| sAmAnyatayA avidhadarzana pUrvaka hI avadhijJAna hotA hai, kintu eka jJAna se sIdhA dUsare jJAna meM calA jAye aisA bhI ho sakatA hai| jaise zrutajJAna se sIdhA avadhijJAna meM calA jaaye| ata: nizcita kucha nahIM kaha sakate haiN| vibhaMgajJAna meM upayoga thaa| phira samyaktva prApta huI to vibhaMgajJAna, avidhajJAna meM parivartita ho gyaa| usa samaya darzana nahIM bhI ho, aisA samajhA jAtA hai| mana:paryavajJAna ke pahale darzana nahIM hotA hai| isaliye kisI bhI jJAna ke bAda turanta manaHparyava hone meM bAdhA nahIM hai| ata: chadmasthoM kA jJAna darzana pUrvaka hI ho aisA nahIM hai| 6. jJAna kA viSaya traikAlika hotA hai| kisI ko zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki jJAna tInoM kAla kI paryAyoM ko kaise se jAnatA hai, to isakA samAdhAna pravacanasAra ke TIkAkAra ne nimna prakAra se kiyA hai - (a) chadmastha jaise vartamAna vastu kA ciMtana karate hue jJeyAkAra kA avalambana lekara jAnatA hai, usI prakAra bhUta aura bhaviSyat vastu kA ciMtana karate hue bhI jJeyAkAra kA avalambana lekara jAnatA hai| (ba) jJAna citrapaTa ke samAna hai| jaise citrapaTa meM atIta anAgata aura vartamAna vastuoM kA sAkSAt eka kSaNa meM hI bhAsa hotA hai, usI prakAra jJAna rUpI bhitti meM bhI atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna paryAyoM ke jJeyAkAra sAkSAt eka kSaNa meM hI bhAsita hote haiN| (sa) sarva jJeyAkAroM kI tAtkAlikatA aviruddha hai| jaise citrapaTa meM naSTa va anutpanna vastuoM ke citra vartamAna rUpa hI haiM, isI prakAra jJAna meM atIta aura anAgata paryAyoM ke jJeyAkAra vartamAna rUpa hI hai 7 287. pravacasAra, tatvadIpikA, TIkA gAthA 37 pR. 64

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tRtIya adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna pUrva adhyAya meM jJAna ke sambandha meM sAmAnya ullekha kiyA gayA hai| prastuta adhyAya meM jJAna ke pAMca bhedoM meM prathama bheda matijJAna kA viziSTa varNana kiyA jA rahA hai| jo jJAna jIva ko indriya evaM mana athavA mAtra indriya kI sahAyatA se hotA hai, vaha matijJAna kahalAtA hai| buddhi se hone vAlA jJAna bhI matijJAna kahalAtA hai| pUrvajanma kA jJAna bhI matijJAna ke antargata hI samAviSTa hotA hai| matijJAna kA vivecana jaina Agama evaM vyAkhyA graMthoM meM vistAra se prApta hotA hai, usI kI samIkSAtmaka prastuti yahA~ kI jA rahI hai| matijJAna kA svarUpa anuyogadvAra sUtra meM matijJAna ke lie 'Abhinibodhika' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| AbhinibodhikajJAna meM 'Abhinibodhika' zabda indriya aura mana se utpanna hone vAle viziSTa jJAna kA tathA 'jJAna' zabda sAmAnya jJAna kA bodhaka hai| mati zabda ko Abhinibodhika kA paryAya samajhanA caahie| Abhinibodhika jJAna ko hI autpattikI mati Adi kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa mati (jJAna) bhI kahA jAtA hai|' zvetAmbarAcAyoM ke anusAra matijJAna kI paribhASA tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti (tRtIya zatI) ne kahA hai ki jisa jJAna meM indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA kI apekSA rahatI hai, vaha matijJAna hai athavA indriya tathA mana ke nimitta se zabda, rasa, sparza, rUpa aura gandhAdi viSayoM meM avagraha, IhA, avAya tathA dhAraNA rUpa se jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha mati jJAna hai| jinabhadragaNi (saptama zatI) ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM ullekha kiyA hai ki arthAbhimukha hote hue jo niyata artha jJAna hai, vaha Abhinibodha hai| vahI Abhinibodhika jJAna hai| bodha kA artha jJAna, artha kA matalaba hai jo prApta kiyA jAya arthAt jAnA jaae| abhi upasarga kA upayoga sAmarthya artha meM haA hai| nibodha meM ni upasarga nizcayAtmaka arthAt artha-bala se utpanna hone ke kAraNa binA kisI vyavadhAna ke utpanna hone vAlA nizcayAtmaka jnyaan| bRhatkalpabhASya ke anusAra - pratyakSa athavA parokSa viSaya kI tarkaNA kara jo nizcayapUrvaka jAnatA hai, vaha jJAna artha ke prati abhimukha hone ke kAraNa Abhinibodhika jJAna hai| jinadAsagaNi (saptama zatI) ne naMdIcUrNi meM kahA hai ki artha (indriya viSaya) kI abhimukhatA aura niyata bodha vaha abhinibodha hai, isase hone vAlA jJAna AbhinibodhikajJAna hai| AvazyakacUrNi ke anusAra - jo abhimukha artha ko jAnatA hai, viparIta artha ko nahIM jAnatA, vaha Abhinibodhika hai| abhimukha artha kA Azaya hai - sAmane dikhAI dene vAle padArtha kA sahI bodha 1. maladhArI hemacandra gAthA 85 kI TIkA 2. tadindriyo'nindriyanimittam - tattvArthasUtra 1.14, 3. avgrhehaavaaydhaarnnaaH| - tattvArthasUtra 1.15 4. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 80 5. bRhatkalpabhASya, gAthA 39 6. atthAbhimuho Niyato bodho abhinibodhaH, sa eva svaarthikprtyyopaadaanaadaabhinibodhikm| - naMdIcUrNi pR. 20

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[122] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana honaa| isako dRSTAMta dvArA samajhAyA hai, jaise sAmane sthita sthANu ko sthANu jAnanA, use puruSa nahIM jaannaa| yathA rAtri ke maMda prakAza ke kAraNa puruSa ke AkAra kA sthANu dekhakara vyakti socatA hai ki yaha puruSa hai athavA sthANu? valliyoM se pariveSTita athavA pakSiyoM se yukta usa sthANu ko dekhakara yaha jJAta hotA hai ki yaha sthANu hai| maladhArI hemacandra (dvAdaza zatI) ne bRhadvRtti meM matijJAna ko nimna prakAra se paribhASita kiyA hai - 'abhi' kA artha hai-abhimukha, 'ni' kA artha hai-niyata aura 'bodha' kA artha hai-jaannaa| ataeva dravya indriya aura dravya mana ke kAraNa dravya indriyA~ aura dravya mana grahaNa kara sake, aise yogya kSetra meM rahe hue rUpI yA arUpI dravyoM ko AtmA niyata rUpa se jisa jJAna-upayoga pariNAma vizeSa se jAnatI hai, use 'Abhinibodhika jJAna' kahate haiN| naMdIvRtti meM malayagiri (trayodaza zatI) ne artha kiyA hai ki Abhinibodhika jJAna abhinibodhAvaraNa karma (matijJAnAvaraNa karma) ke kSayopazama se niSpanna hai| yaha indriya aura mana ke nimitta se hone vAlA tathA ucita kSetra meM avasthita vastu ko grahaNa karane vAlA spaSTa avabodha hai| yazovijaya (aSTAdaza zatI) ke matAnusAra - jo jJAna indriya aura mana ke nimitta se hI hotA hai, kintu zruta kA anusaraNa nahIM karatA hai, to vaha matijJAna kahalAtA hai| digambarAcAryoM ke anusAra matijJAna kI paribhASA AcArya guNadharAnusAra (dvitIya-tRtIya zatI) - indriya aura mana ke nimitta se zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa aura gandhAdika viSayoM meM avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA rUpa jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha matijJAna hai, kyoMki indriya aura padArtha ke sannikarSa ke anantara usakI utpatti hotI hai|" pUjyapAda (paMcama-SaSTha zatI) ke anusAra - 1. indriya aura mana ke sahayoga se yathAyogya padArtha jisake dvArA manana kiye jAte haiM, jo manana karatA hai yA mananamAtra matijJAna kahalAtA hai| yogIndudeva kI tattvArthavRtti meM yahI paribhASA milatI hai| 2.jo jJAna indriya aura mana ke nimitta se hotA hai, vaha matijJAna hai| amRtacandrasUri ne bhI yahI paribhASA dI hai| akalaMka (aSTama zatI) ke kathanAnusAra - matijJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se padArthoM ko jAnanA mati hai| kartA artha meM mati zabda 'manute'rthAn' padArthoM ko jAne vaha mati hai| karaNa artha meM mati 'manyate'neneti matiH' jisake dvArA padArtha jAne jAyeM vaha mati hai|6 7. Avazyaka cUrNi 1 pR. 7-8 8. maladhArI hemacandra, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 80 kI TIkA, pR. 45 9. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 65 10. tatrendriyamanonimittaM zrutAnusAri jJAnaM mtijnyaanm| - jaina tarkabhASA, pR. 6 11. iMdiya NoiMdiehi sadda-parisa-rUva-rasa-gaMdhAdi visaesu oggaha-IhAvAya-dhAraNao madiNANaM, iMdiyaTThasaNNikarisa smnnNtrmuppnnnnttaado| - kasAyapAhuDa (jayadhavala/mahAdhavala) prathama bhAga, pR. 38 12. indiyairmanasA ca yathA svamarthI manyate anayA manute mananamAtraM vA mtiH| - sarvArthasiddhi, 1.9, pR. 67 13. matijJAnAvaraNakSayopazame sati paMcabhirindriyairmanasA ca yathAsvamarthAnyanyate manute vA puruSo mayA sA mtiH| mananamAtraM vA mtiH| - tattvArthavRtti sUtra 1.9, pR. 29 14. tdindriyaanindriynimittm| sarvArthasiddhi, 1.14, pR. 77 15. tattvArthasAra, zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI granthamAlA, vArANasI-5, prathama adhikAra, gAthA 20 pR. 7 16. tadAvaraNakarmakSayopazame sati indriyAnindriyApekSamarthasya mananaM mati audAsInyena tattvakathanAt / bahulApekSayA kartRsAdhanaH karaNasAdhano vA, 'manute'rthAn manyate'nena' iti vA mtiH| - tattvArtharAjatArtika, 1.9.1 pR. 32

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [123] paMcasaMgrahakAra ke anusAra - anindriya arthAt mana aura indriyoM kI sahAyatA se utpanna hone vAle, abhimukha aura niyamita padArtha ke bodha ko Abhinibodhika jJAna kahate haiN|" mati ajJAna - paropadeza ke binA jo viSa, yantra, kUTa, paMjara tathA bandha Adi ke viSaya meM buddhi pravRtta hotI hai, use mati ajJAna kahate haiN| vIrasenAcArya (navama zatI) ke anusAra - abhimukha tathA niyamita artha ke bodha ko Abhinibodhi kahA jAtA hai| sthUla, vartamAna tathA anantarita arthAt vyavadhAna rahita artha 'abhimukha' tathA 'isa indriya kA yahI viSaya hai' isa prakAra ke niyama se yukta artha 'niyamita' hai| cakSurindriya ke rUpa, zrotrendriya meM zabda, jivhendriya meM rasa, sparzanendriya meM sparza tathA mana ke duSTa, zruta tathA anubhUta artha niyamita hai| isa prakAra abhimukha tathA niyata artha meM hone vAlA bodha hI Abhinibodhika jJAna hai,19 aisA hI ullekha dhavalA pu. 13 meM bhI prApta hotA hai| nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI (ekAdaza zatI) ke kathanAnusAra - 1. sthUla, vartamAna aura yogyadeza meM sthita artha ko abhimukha kahate haiN| isa indriya kA yahI viSaya hai, isa avadhAraNA ko niyamita kahate haiN| abhimukha aura niyamita ko abhimukha niyamita kahate haiN| usa artha ke bodhana arthAt jJAna ko matijJAna kahate haiN| 2. matijJAna ke AvaraNa ke kSayopazama se tathA vIryAntarAya ke kSayopazama se aura bahiraMga pAMca indriya tathA mana ke avalambana se mUrta aura amUrtavastu ko eka deza se vikalpAkAra parokSa rUpa se athavA sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa rUpa se jo jAnatA hai, vaha kSAyopazamika matijJAna hai| abhayacandrasiddhAnta cakravartI ke anusAra - pAMca indriyoM tathA mana kI sahAyatA se hone vAlA mananarUpa jJAna matijJAna hai| matijJAna ke paryAyavAcI jaina Agama evaM vyAkhyA graMthoM meM matijJAna ke lie samaya-samaya para vibhina zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai, jise hama mukha rUpa se tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM - 1. Avazyakaniyukti, naMdIsUtra aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 2. SaTkhaNDAgama aura 3. tttvaarthsuutr| 1. Avazyakaniyukti Adi meM 1. IhA, 2 apoha (avAya), 3. vimarza, 4. mArgaNA, 5. gaveSaNA, 6. saMjJA, 7. smRti, 8. mati, 9. prajJA - ye sabhI sAmAnyatayA Abhinibodhika jJAna ke nAma haiN| jo gAthA Avazyakaniyukti meM prApta hotI hai, vahI gAthA naMdIsUtra aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM bhI prApta hotI hai| IhA apoha vImaMsA, maggaNA ya gvesnnaa| saNNA saI maI paNNA, savvaM aabhinnibohiyN|| 17. ahimuhnniymiybohnnmaabhinnibohiymnniNdi-iNdiyjN| - paMcasaMgraha, gAthA 121, pR. 26 18. visa-jaMta-kUDa-paMjara-baMdhAdisu aNuvadesakaraNeNa / jA khalu pavattaI maI NaiaNNANa tti NaM viNti| -paMcasaMgraha, gAthA 118, pR. 25 19. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA), pu. 6, sUtra 1.9.1.14, pR. 15 20. tattha ahimuha-Niyamidatthasya bohaNamAbhiNibohiyaM NAma nnaannN| SaTakhaNDAgama (dhavalA) pu. 13 sUtra 5.5.21 pR. 209 21. ahimuhnniymiybohnnmaabhinnibohiymnniNdiiNjyN| gommaTasAra (jIvakAMDa), bhAga 2, gAthA 306 22. AcArya nemicandra kRta 'bRhat dravyasaMgraha' gAAthA 5 kI TIkA pR. 12-13 23. tatra paMcabhirindriyairmanasA ca mananaM jJAnaM mtijnyaanN| - abhayacandrasiddhAnta cakravartIkRta, karmaprakRti, pR.16 24. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 12, naMdIsUtra gAthA 71 pR. 144, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 396

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[124] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana smRti, saMjJA aura Abhinibodhika Adi kucha zabda Agamika paramparA meM mati ke paryAyavAcI ke rUpa meM sthira ho gaye aura tArkika paramparA meM unhIM bhedoM kA parokSa jJAna meM samAveza kara liyA gayA hai| jaiseki smRti ko dhAraNA ke bAda hone vAle jJAna ke rUpa meM, saMjJA ko pratyabhijJAna ke rUpa meM, ciMtA, tarka aura UhA ko tarkajJAna ityAdi ke rUpa meN| zeSa IhA, vimarza, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA aura saMjJA ina sabhI kA IhA meM aMtarbhAva hotA hai| 2. SaTkhaNDAgama meM mati, smRti, saMjJA aura cintA ina cAra zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| 3. tattvArthasUtra meM mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura Abhinibodhika ina pAMca zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| sAtha hI naMdIsUtra, SaTkhaNDAgama aura tattvArthabhASya meM avagraha IhA Adi bhedoM ke lie bhI vibhinna zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai, jinakA ullekha avagrahAdi ke varNana meM kiyA gayA hai| uparyukta prayukta paryAyavAcI nAmoM meM mati, prajJA, Abhinibodhika aura buddhi ye vacanaparyAya haiM tathA zeSa avagrahAdi arthaparyAya hai| ataH sabhI arthaparyAya aura vacanaparyAya sAmAnya se Abhinibodhika jJAna hI haiN| athavA vastu kA kathana karane vAle zabda vacanaparyAya aura usa zabda ke abhidheya artha ke bheda arthaparyAya rUpa haiN| jaise ki sone ke kaMgana, bAjUbaMda Adi bheda arthaparyAya haiN| isa vyAkhyA se mati, prajJA, avagraha, IhA Adi sabhI zabda matijJAna kI vacanaparyAya rUpa hai aura ina zabdoM se matijJAna ke kahane yogya bheda arthaparyAya haiN| isameM bhI mati-prajJA Adi zabda sampUrNa matijJAna ke vAcI haiM aura avagraha, IhA Adi zabda matijJAna ke ekadezavAcI haiM, aisA kahA gayA hai| lekina ye bhI sampUrNa matijJAna vAcI haiM, isako nimna prakAra se siddha kiyA hai| avagrahAdi zabda artha vizeSa kI apekSA se bhinna haiM, kyoMki avagrahAdi apane lakSaNa ke anusAra artha kA grahaNa karate haiM, jaise sAmAnya grahaNa se avagraha, ceSTA rUpa artha se IhA, nizcayarUpa artha se avAya aura dhAraNa karane rUpa artha se dhAraNA, isa prakAra grahaNa karane rUpa arthavizeSa kI apekSA se hI avagrahAdi zabda bhinna haiM, vAstava meM to ye Abhinibodhika jJAna rUpa hI hai| avagrahAdi arthavizeSa kI apekSA se hI bhinna-bhinna hai| kyoMki sAmAnya grahaNa-vicAraNA-nizcaya aura dhAraNa karanA yaha sAmAnya svarUpa hai| yaha sabhI meM anukrama se hotA hai, avagrahAdi zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| kyoMki avagraha meM jisa sAmAnya kA grahaNa hotA hai, vaha IhA rUpa nahIM hai, parantu usase vizeSa-vizeSa artha grahaNa se anukrama se IhAdi hote haiN| jo vizeSa artha IhA meM hotA hai, vaha avagraha meM nahIM hotA hai, isI prakAra Age bhI samajha lenA caahie| isalie IhA avagraha rUpa nahIM hai, ityaadi| ataH arthaparyAya aura vacana paryAya kI donoM vyAkhyAoM meM dUsarI vyAkhyA to vRddha sammata hai aura prathama vyAkhyA yukti saMgata hai| isalie ye donoM vyAkhyAeM nirdoSa hai| matijJAna ke bhedoM kA arthaparyAya aura vacanaparyAya se kathana karanA jinabhadragaNi kA vaiziSTya hai| avagrahAdi zabdoM se sampUrNa matijJAna kA grahaNa jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki grahaNa karanA avagraha hai, isa vyutpatti se avagraha, IhA Adi bheda vAlA sampUrNa matijJAna avagraha rUpa hI hai, kyoMki avagraha kA tAtparya artha ko grahaNa karanA hai, vaise hI IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA bhI kisI na kisI artha ko grahaNa karate hI haiM, isalie ye saba sAmAnya 25. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.41 26. tattvArthasUtra 1.13 27. jo zabda vastu kA sampUrNa prakAra se pratipAdana karatA hai, vaha zabda vastu kI vacana paryAya kahalAtA hai| 28. jo zabda vastu kA ekadeza se pratipAdana karatA hai, vaha zabda vastu kI arthaparyAya kahalAtA hai| 29. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 396-399 kI TIkA

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [125] rUpa se avagraha hI haiN| mati kI ceSTA (vyApAra) IhA hai, ceSTA karanA isa vyutpatti se sampUrNa matijJAna mati ke vyApAra rUpa hI hai, ataH sabhI sAmAnya rUpa se IhA rUpa hI hai, kyoMki avagraha, apAya aura dhAraNA bhI sAmAnya se mati ke vyApAra (ceSTA) rUpa hI hai| jo nizcaya hotA hai, vaha apAya yA avAya hai| isa vyutpatti se sampUrNa matijJAna artha nizcaya rUpa hai, kyoMki avagraha, IhA aura dhAraNA meM bhI sAmAnya rUpa se artha kA nizcaya hotA hI hai| dhAraNa karanA dhAraNA hai, isa vyutpatti se sampUrNa matijJAna artha ko dhAraNa karane rUpa hone se dhAraNA rUpa hI hai, kyoMki avagraha, IhA aura apAya meM bhI sAmAnya rUpa se arthadhAraNa hotA hI hai| isa prakAra avagrahAdi zabdoM se sampUrNa matijJAna kA grahaNa hotA hai| yaha ullekha jinabhadragaNi ke vaiziSTya ko darzAtA hai| paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA svarUpa vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI gAthA 396 meM matijJAna ke diye gaye paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA artha TIkAkAra maladhArI hemacandra aura anya AcAryoM ne nimna prakAra se kiyA hai| - 1. IhA - anvaya aura vyatireka dharma kI samAlocanA arthAt yathArtha paryAlocanA ko 'IhA' kahate haiN| yaha matijJAna kA dUsarA bheda hai| 2. apoha - nizcaya ko 'apoha' kahate haiN| yaha matijJAna ke tIsare bheda avAya kA paryAyavAcI zabda hai| 3. vimarza -vimarza kA prAkRta zabda 'vImaMsA' hotA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM vicAraparaka artha (mImAMsA) meM isakA prayoga huA hai| sarvaprathama Avazyakaniyukti meM vimarza kA sambandha matijJAna ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| naMdIsUtra meM isakA prayoga IhA ke paryAyavAcI ke rUpa meM huA hai| jinadAsagaNi ke anusAra 'nityatva-anityatva viziSTa dravyabhAva se artha kA Alocana vimarza hai|' haribhadra aura malayagiri ke matAnusAra 'vyatireka dharma kA tyAgapUrvaka anvayadharma kA Alocana vimarza hai|'34 maladhArI hemacandra ke anusAra satpadArtha meM pAye jAne vAle dharma ke spaSTa vicAra ko 'vimarza' kahate haiN| vimarza IhA aura avAya ke bIca kI avasthA hai| jaise sira ko khujAlate hue dekhakara yaha jJAna hotA hai ki khujalAnA puruSa meM ghaTita hotA hai, staMbha meM nhiiN| nyAya darzana kA vimarza jainasaMmata vimarza se bhinna hai, kyoMki vahA~ saMzaya ke artha meM prayukta huA hai, jabaki jainAcArya IhA jJAna ko saMzaya se bhinna svIkAra karate haiN| 4. mArgaNA - maladhArI hemacandra ke anusAra satpadArtha meM pAye jAne vAle (anvaya) dharmoM kI khoja 'mArgaNA' haiN| bhagavatI sUtra meM mArgaNA zabda prayukta huA hai| sarvaprathama isa zabda kA prayoga matijJAna ke lie Avazyakaniyukti meM huA hai| naMdI aura SaTkhaNDAgama ke kAla meM isakA prayoga IhA ke paryAyavAcI ke rUpa meM huA hai| naMdIsUtra kI TIkA meM mArgaNA kA artha 'anvaya aura vyatireka dharma kI khoja' kiyA gayA hai| dhavalATIkA meM mArgaNA kA artha naMdIvRtti ke samAna hI prApta hotA hai| 30. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 400-401 kI TIkA 31. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1.1.2.17 32. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 12 33. naMdIsUtra, pR. 131 34. naMdIcUrNi pR. 68, hArabhidrIya vRtti pR. 69, malayagiri vRtti pR. 176 35. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 181-183, nyAyadarzana 1.1.13 36. IhApohamaggaNagavesaNaM karemANassa vibbhaMge nAmaM aNNANe smuppnne| - bhagavatIsUtra za. 11. u. 1 pR. 41 37. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 12 vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 396 38. naMdIsUtra, pR. 131, SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13, sU. 5.5.38 39. naMdIcUrNi pR. 68, hAribhadrIya pR. 69, malayagiri pR. 176 40. SaTakhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.38 pR.242

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[126] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 5. gaveSaNA - maladhArI hemacandra ke anusAra satpadArtha meM nahIM pAye jAne vAle (vyatireka) dharmoM kI vicAraNA ko 'gaveSaNA' kahate haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra aura sUtrakRtAMga meM gaveSaNA zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM sarvaprathama isakA prayoga matijJAna ke lie huA hai| naMdI aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM isakA prayoga IhA ke paryAyavAcI ke rUpa meM huA hai| naMdIsUtra kI TIkA meM gaveSaNA kA artha 'vyatireka dharma kA tyAga aura usake hI anvaya dharma kI AlocanA' kiyA gayA hai| dhavalATIkA meM gaveSaNA kA artha spaSTa nahIM kiyA hai| ___6. saMjJA - padArtha ko avyakta rUpa meM jAnanA saMjJA hai| dravya iMdriya Adi kI sahAyatA ke binA hone vAle kSudhA vedana Adi ko bhI 'saMjJA' kahate haiN| yaha matijJAna ke pahale bheda avagraha kA paryAyavAcI hai| Agama kAla meM bhagavatIsUtra meM dRSTi, darzana, jJAna, zarIra, yoga aura upayoga ke sAtha tathA sUtrakRtAMga meM tarka, prajJA, mana, aura vAk ke sAtha bhI saMjJA zabda prayukta huA hai| bauddha darzana meM yaha vedanA, cetanA Adi zabdoM ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| jaina darzana meM isake do artha milate haiM - 1. jJAna athavA samajha aura 2. AhArAdi dasa saMjJA / bauddha darzana meM yaha jJAna aura nimittodagrahaNa ina do arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| matijJAna ke artha meM isakA prayoga sarvaprathama Avazyakaniyukti meM huA hai, jisakA ullekha naMdIsUtra, SaTkhaNDAgama, tattvArthasUtra, pUjyapAda, jinabhadragaNi, akalaMka, malayagiri Adi AcAryoM ne bhI kiyA hai| saMjJA ke AdhAra para bhI jIvoM ko saMjJI aura asaMjJI meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai| naMdIsUtra meM saMjJI-asaMjJI ke artha meM tIna saMjJAoM kA prayoga huA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne isakA prayoga IhA aura manovijJAna ina do arthoM meM kiyA hai| haribhadra, maladhArI hemacandra aura malayagiri ke anusAra vyaMjanAvagraha ke uttara kAla meM hone vAlI mati saMjJA hai|" umAsvAti ne saMjJA kA artha sampradhAraNasaMjJA kiyA hai| pUjyapAda aura akalaMka ne 'saMjJA' zabda ko AhArAdi saMjJA, samanaskatA, hitAhita kA tyAga aura grahaNa tathA jJAna artha meM prayukta kiyA hai| sAtha hI akalaMka ne rAjavArtika meM saMjJA kA sambandha matijJAna se aura laghIstraya meM zrutajJAna ke sAtha kiyA hai| dhavalATIkA meM saMjJA ko samyakjJAna kA hetu mAnA hai| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM saMjJA ke vibhinna artha prApta hote haiN| 41. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1.3.4 gAthA 14, uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 24 gAthA 11 42. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 12 vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 396 43. naMdIsUtra, pR. 131, SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13, sU. 5.5.38 44. naMdIcUrNi pR. 68, hAribhadrIya pR. 69, malayagiri pR. 176 45. SaTakhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.38 pR. 242 46. diTThI daMsaNa NANA saNNa sarIrA ya joga uvoge| - bhagavatIsUtra za. 1, u. 6, pR. 115 47. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 2.4.4 pR. 140 48. abhidharmakoza bhASya 2.24 49. 'No saNNA bhavai' AcArAMgasUtra 1.1.1 50. 'te evaM saNNaM kuvvaMti' sUtrakRtAMgasUtra zru. 2 a. 1 pR. 30 51. bhagavatIsUtra za. 7 u. 8 pR. 175-176, prajJApanAsUtra AThavAM pada 52. abhidharmakoza bhASya 1.21 53. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 12, vizeSAvazyakabhASya 396 54. naMdIsUtra pR. 144, SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13, sU. 5.5.41, tattvArthasUtra 1.13, sarvArthasiddhi 1.13, hAribhadrIya pR. 69, rAjavArtika 1.13.12 55. naMdIsUtra pR. 149 56. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 397, 507 57. hAribhadrIya pR. 70, malayagiri pR. 187 58. tattvArthabhASya 2.25 59. sarvArthasiddhi 2.24, rAjavArtika 1.24.1-5 60. rAjavArtika 1.13.12, laghayastrIya, pariccheda 3 gAthA 10-11 61. dhavalA pu. 13, sU. 5.5.41 pR. 244

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [127] 7. smRti - pahale jAne hue padArtha ke smaraNa ko 'smRti' kahate haiN| yaha dhAraNA kA payAryavAcI zabda hai| 8. mati-zrutanizrita matijJAna ko 'mati' kahate haiM athavA sUkSma paryAlocanA ko 'mati' kahate haiM arthAt artha kA bodha hone ke bAda svayaM kisI vyakta sUkSma dharma kI AlocanA karane rUpa buddhi 'mati' hai| 9. prajJA - azrutanizrita matijJAna ko 'prajJA' kahate haiN| yaha buddhi kA paryAyavAcI zabda hai| matijJAnAvaraNa ke viziSTa kSayopazamajanya vastu ke aneka yathArtha dharmoM kI paryAlocanA ko 'prajJA' kahate haiN| AgamoM meM prajJA kA prayoga laukika aura alaukika donoM jJAna ke vAcaka ke rUpa meM huA hai, jaiseki mahApaNNa 'AsupaNNa'63 'visuddhapaNNa'64 "bhUmipaNNa'65 ityaadi| matijJAna ke sAtha sarvaprathama Avazyakaniyukti meM isakA prayoga huA hai| jinabhadragaNi isakA artha 'mati' tathA haribhadra, malayagiri Adi ne isakA artha aneka vastugata dharmoM kA Alocana karatI saMvit kiyA hai| jinabhadragaNi prajJA aura buddhi ko samAnArthaka svIkAra karate haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcArya isakA sambandha zrutanizrita mati ke sAtha joDate haiM jabaki digambarAcArya azrutanizrita ke sAtha isakA sambandha jor3ate haiN| Avazyakaniyukti, naMdIsUtra aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM diye gaye uparyukta paryAyavAcI nAmoM ke alAvA bhI anya aura zabda haiM jo matijJAna ke paryAyavAcI ke rUpa meM prayukta hote the, lekina bAda vAle granthoM meM unakA prayoga avagrahAdi ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke rUpa meM hone lagA, isalie avagrahAdi ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke sAtha unakA bhI ullekha kiyA jaaegaa| vitarka - Agama kAla meM isake do artha milate haiM - 1. tarka ke vizuddhArtha ke rUpa meM 2. tarka ke paryAya ke rUpa meN| virtaka kA sambandha matijJAna ke sAtha thaa| lekina bAda vAle kAla meM isakA sambandha zrutajJAna se sthApita karake isakA artha Uha (tarka) kiyA gayA hai|2|| uparyukta zabdoM kA prayoga matijJAna ke lie hote hue bhI mukhya rUpa se matijJAna ke lie mati aura Abhinibodhika zabda kA prayoga huA hai, jisakA ullekha nimna prakAra se hai - mati evaM Abhinibodhika zabda para vicAra Agamika kAla meM mati zabda uccajJAna, vipulajJAna aura jJAnasAmAnya4 Adi arthoM meM AgamoM meM prayukta huA hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM 'amatImatA 75 'dummatI 76 aura 'sahasammuie'7 Adi zabda bhI milate haiN| isa prakAra prAcIna kAla meM mati zabda kA prayoga vibhinna arthoM meM hotA thA tathA matijJAna 62 uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 3, gAthA 18 63. AcArAMgasUtra zru. 1, a. 8 u. 1, sUtrakRtAMgasUtra zru. 1. a. 6 gAthA 25 64. uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 8, gAthA 20 65. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra zru. 1. a. 6 gAthA 6, 15, 18 66. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 12 67. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 397, hAribhadrIya pR. 70, malayagiri pR. 187 68. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 398 69. SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 9, sU. 4.1.18, pR. 82 70. 'appaNo ya vitakkAhiM' sUtrakRtAMgasUtra zru. 1, a. 1, u. 2, gAthA 21 71. 'icceva me hoti matI viyakkA' sUtrakRtAMgasUtra zru. 2, a. 6, gAthA 19 72. 'vitarka zrutam' vizeSeNa tarkaNamUhanaM vitarka: shrutjnyaanmityrthH| - tattvArthasUtra 9.45, savArthasiddhi 9.43 73. 'matimattA' (matimAn-kevalajJAna)AcArAMga, 1.8.2.3 pR. 255, sUtra. 1.9.1.63 pR. 314, sUtrakRtAMga 1.9 gAthA 1,1.11 gAthA] 74. saehiM saehiM matidaMsaNehiM nijuuhNti| - bhagavatIsUtra zataka 15, pR. 436 75. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1.3.4 gAthA 16 76. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1.1.2 gAthA 21 77. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1.8 gAthA 14

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[128] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ke lie Abhinibodhika zabda kA prayoga hotA thaa| parantu naMdIsUtra meM matijJAna ke lie Abhinibodhika aura mati donoM zabdoM kA prayoga, SakhaNDAgama meM Abhinibodhika zabda kA hI prayoga tathA tattvArthasUtra meM kevala mati zabda kA hI prayoga huA hai aura isake bAda vAle adhikatara AcArya jaiseki jinabhadragaNi, jinadAsagaNi, haribhadrasUri Adi ne donoM zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| isa prakAra matijJAna ke lie donoM zabdoM kA prayoga pracalita rahA hai, lekina antataH mati zabda hI adhika pracalana meM raha gayA hai| haribhadra ne isako spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki avagraha Adi rUpa vAlA Abhinibodhika jJAna matijJAna hI hai| ___ malayagiri spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki mati zabda kA prayoga jJAna aura ajJAna donoM ke lie hotA hai, lekina Abhinibodhika zabda kA prayoga mAtra jJAna ke lie hI hotA hai| Abhinibodhika ajJAna zabda kA kahIM bhI prayoga nahIM milatA hai, usake sthAna para mati ajJAna zabda kA prayoga huA hai| mati zabda Abhinibodhika ke samAna artha vAlA hai| autpattikI Adi mati kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa Abhinibodhika jJAna matijJAna bhI kahalAtA hai| mati evaM zruta jJAna meM bheda jaina paramparA meM mati aura zruta ke bheda-abheda ke sambandha meM do mata milate haiN| prAya: AcAryoM kA mAnanA hai ki ye donoM bhinna haiN| jabaki katipaya AcArya mati-zruta ko abhinna mAnate haiN| matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kI yugapattA naMdI sUtra ke anusAra jahA~ matijJAna hotA hai, vahA~ zruta jJAna hotA hai tathA jahA~ zrutajJAna hotA hai, vahA~ matijJAna hotA hai arthAt jisa jIva ko matijJAna hotA hai, use niyama se zruta jJAna hotA hai aura jisa jIva ko zrutajJAna hotA hai, use niyama se matijJAna hotA hai| ataH ye donoM jJAna anyonya anugata haiM arthAt ye donoM yadyapi labdhi kI apekSA eka jIva meM eka sAtha niyama se pAye jAte haiM, phira bhI ye donoM svarUpa se eka nahIM haiM, kyoMki zrutajJAna matipUrvaka hotA hai, para mati, zrutapUrvaka nahIM hotI, isa kAraNa mati aura zruta donoM bhinna-bhinna haiN| mati aura zruta kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa bhagavatIsUtra meM jJAna ke varNana meM matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kA alaga-alaga varNana hai| donoM jJAnoM ke AvaraNa rUpa matijJAnAvaraNIya aura zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karma alaga-alaga haiN| isI prakAra sthAnAMga meM AcArya (gaNi) kI ATha sampadAoM meM mati sampadA aura zruta sampadA kA bhI alaga-alaga ullekha hai| isa prakAra AgamoM meM jahA~ bhI jJAna kA varNana huA hai vahA~ para ina donoM jJAnoM kA ullekha alaga-alaga huA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki prAcIna Agama paramparA se hI matijJAna aura zrutajJAna bhinna-bhinna haiN| 78. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 1, 2, 12, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 79, 176, 396 79. madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra, sUtra nambara 45, 47, 62, 65, 66 80. madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra 46 81. SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13, 5.5.21, 22, 35, 36, 42 82. 'Abhinibodhika' vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 79, 80,81 Adi gAthAoM, 'matijJAna' 85, 88, 94, 96 Adi gAthAoM meM 83. naMdIcUrNi pR. 22, 51, 53 , hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 23, 52, 54 84. Abhinibodhikam-avagrahAdirUpaM mtijnyaanmev| - hAribhadrIya naMdIvRtti, pR. 22 85. malayagiri naMdIvRtti, pR. 140 86. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 97 87. bhagavatI sUtra, bhAga 2, za. 8 u. 2 pR. 151 88. bhagavatI sUtra, bhAga 2, za.9 u. 31, pR. 439 89. sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 8 pR. 632

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [129] prazna - svAmI, kAla, kAraNAdi kI dRSTi se matijJAna va zrutajJAna meM samAnatA hone se cAra hI jJAna mAnanA cAhie, pAMca nhiiN| uttara- samAnatA hote hue bhI lakSaNa Adi bheda se donoM meM vibhinnatA hai| jaiseki kucha dharmoM meM samAnatA hone se ghaTa aura paTa ko samAna nahIM mAna sakate haiM, kyoMki ina donoM ke bahuta se dharmoM meM bhinnatA hotI hai, jisase donoM padArthoM meM ekatva svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| yadi ekatva mAneMge to sampUrNa vizva eka rUpa ho jAyegA, kyoMki sabhI vastuoM meM paraspara kucha na kucha dharmoM ke kAraNa samAnatA pAI jAtI hai| jinadAsagaNi ke anusAra mati aura zruta anyonya anugata haiN| inameM svAmI, kAla Adi kA abheda hai, phira bhI inameM bhinnatA hai| jaise AkAzapratiSTha dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya anyonyaanugata hone para bhI apane-apane lakSaNa bheda se bhinna haiN| vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra mati-bhUta jJAna meM antara bhASyakAra ne matijJAna aura zrutajJAna meM lakSaNa, hetu-phala, bheda-vibhAga, indriya vibhAga se tathA valka, akSara, mUka-amUka Adi apekSAoM se bheda ko spaSTa kiyA hai| 1. lakSaNabheda se mati-zruta meM antara mati-zrutajJAna meM bhinnatA kA prathama kAraNa hai ki donoM ke lakSaNa bhinna-bhinna haiN| naMdIsUtra ke anusAra jisase Abhinibodhika ho, vaha AtmA kA jJAnopayoga pariNAma AbhinibodhikajJAna hai tathA jisa jJAnopayoga pariNAma se sunA jAye vaha AtmA kA zrutajJAna hai tathA zrutajJAna matipUrvaka hotA hai, para mati, zrutapUrvaka nahIM hotI, isa kAraNa mati aura zruta donoM bhinna haiM / jinabhadragaNi ke vacanAnusAra -1. jo jJAna vastu ko jAnatA hai, vaha Abhinibodhika athavA matijJAna hai| jise jIva sunatA hai, vaha zruta jJAna hai| isa prakAra donoM kA lakSaNa alaga hone se donoM bhinna haiN| 2. jo jJAna zrutAnusArI hokara mana aura indriya kA nimitta milane para apane artha ko prakaTa karatA hai, vaha zrutajJAna tathA indriya aura mana kA nimitta milane para bhI jo zrutAnusArI nahIM hotA hai, vaha matijJAna kahalAtA hai| naMdIsUtra meM jo 'matipuvvaM jeNa suyaM, Na mati suyapubviyA' kaha kara lakSaNa bheda kiyA, isakA ullekha jinabhadragaNi ne hetu va phala kI apekSA se mati-zruta meM antara ke antargata kiyA gayA hai| ata: isakA ullekha Age kreNge| AvazyakacUrNi meM kahA hai ki jo artha kA vimarza kara usakA nirdeza nahIM karatA, vaha matijJAna hai| jo vimarzapUrvaka artha kA nirdeza karatA hai, vaha zrutajJAna hai|" naMdIvRtti meM malayagiri ne ullekha kiyA hai ki paraspara anugata hone para bhI mati aura zruta apane-apane lakSaNa se bhinna haiN| jisa pariNAma vizeSa se AtmA indriya aura mana ke mAdhyama se yogya deza meM avasthita niyata artha ko jAnatI hai, vaha pariNAma vizeSa Abhinibodhika jJAna hai| rUpI arUpI padArtha ko matijJAna se grahaNa kara yA smaraNa kara use aura usake vAcaka zabda ko, usa vAcya 90. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 85 91. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 96 92. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 51 93. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 97 94. abhiNibujjhai tti AbhiNibohiyaNANaM, suNeitti suyN| 2. matipuvvaM jeNa suyaM, Na mati suypuvviyaa| - naMdIsUtra, pR. 70 95. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 98 96. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 100 97. AvazyakacUrNi 1 pR. 7-8

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[130] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana artha aura usake vAcaka zabda meM jo paraspara vAcya-vAcaka saMbaMdha rahA huA hai, usakI paryAlocanA pUrvaka zabda ullekha sahita jAnanA zrutajJAna hai| gommaTasAra ke anusAra - 'jIva:asti' aisA kahane para jo zabda kA jJAna hotA hai ki 'jIva hai' yaha zrotrendriya se utpanna huA matijJAna hai aura jJAna ke dvArA 'jIva hai' isa zabda ke vAcyarUpa AtmA ke astitva meM vAcya-vAcaka sambandha ke saMketa grahaNa pUrvaka jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha zrutajJAna hai| jaiseki 'jIvaH asti' aise zabda ko jAnanA matijJAna aura usake nimitta se jIva nAmaka padArtha ko jAnanA zrutajJAna hai| isa prakAra akSarAtmaka zrutajJAna kA svarUpa jAnanA caahie| zItala pavana kA sparza hone para 'yahA~ zItala pavana hai' yaha jAnanA matijJAna hai aura usa jJAna se 'vAyu kI prakRtivAle ke lie yaha pavana aniSTa hai|' aisA jAnanA anakSarAtmaka zrutajJAna hai, kyoki yaha akSara ke nimitta se utpanna nahIM huA hai| uparyukta varNana meM matijJAna aura zrutajJAna ko lakSaNa kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa bhinna-bhinna siddha kiyA gayA hai| 2. hetu evaM phala se mati-zruta meM antara zruta matipUrvaka hotA hai, mati zrutapUrvaka nahIM hotI, yaha donoM meM bheda hai| zruta kI prApti tathA vaiziSTya sampAdana ke kAraNa matipUrvaka zruta kahA gayA hai|00 'maipuvvaM suttaM' arthAt 'matipUrvaka zrutajJAna' isa Agamika kathana meM zrutajJAna ke pUrva matijJAna kA sadbhAva mAnA hai, kintu matijJAna ke pUrva zrutajJAna kA sadbhAva svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| yahI donoM meM antara hai aura isI apekSA se matijJAna hetu evaM zrutajJAna phala rUpa hai| prazna - yadi zrutajJAna matijJAna pUrvaka hotA hai to vaha zrutajJAna bhI mati rUpa hI hai, kyoMki kAraNa ke samAna hI kArya hotA hai? uttara - yaha koI ekAnta niyama nahIM hai ki kAraNa ke samAna kArya hotA hai| yadyapi ghaTa kI utpatti daNDAdika se hotI hai to bhI vaha ghaTa daNDAdi rUpa nahIM hotA hai| dUsarA, matijJAna ke rahate hue bhI jisake zrutajJAnAvaraNa kA prabala udaya hai, usako zrutajJAna nahIM hotA hai| lekina zrutajJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama hone para hI zrutajJAna hotA hai| isalie matijJAna zrutajJAna kI utpatti meM nimitta mAtra jAnanA caahie|101 akalaMka ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai|102 vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zaMkA upasthita karate hue kahA hai ki zruta ko matipUrvaka kyoM kahA hai? samAdhAna - pUrva zabda 'pR' (pAlana va pUraNa) dhAtu se nipAtana se banA hai| ataH matijJAna zrutajJAna kA pUraNa (poSaNa) yA pUrti karatA hai aura vaha usakA pAlana (sthirIkaraNa) bhI karatA hai, isalie matijJAna kA zrutajJAna ke pahale (pUrva) hI honA ucita hai, ataH 'matipUrvaka zruta' hotA hai, yaha kathana sahI hai| anuprekSAdi ke samaya, vicAraNA ke dvArA zrutaparyAya kI vRddhi hone se mati dvArA hI zrutajJAna kA pUraNa, poSaNa hotA hai, mati se hI zruta puSTa hotA hai, mati dvArA hI prApta hotA hai, mati se hI vaha dUsaroM ko diyA jAtA hai, grAhyamANa zrutajJAna parAvartana va cintana ke mAdhyama se matijJAna dvArA hI pAlita hotA hai, arthAt zrutajJAna kA sthirIkaraNa hotA hai| isalie matijJAna hI sarvatobhAvena rUpa se zrutajJAna kA kAraNa hai aura zrutajJAna mati kA phala hai| donoM ko abheda rUpa se svIkAra karane para hetu 98. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 140 100. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 105 102. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.20.3-5 pR. 49-50 99. gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa, gAthA 315 pR. 524 101. sarvArthasiddhi 1.20 pR. 85

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [131] evaM phala bhAva ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| ata: donoM meM hetu evaM phala bhAva ghaTita karane ke lie donoM ko bhinna hI svIkAra karanA hogaa|103 zaMkA - samyak dRSTi ke mati-zruta jJAna aura mithyAdRSTi ke mati-zruta ajJAna eka sAtha hI hote haiM, Age-pIche se nhiiN| kyoMki AgamAnusAra una donoM kA kSayopazama ekasAtha hotA hai, samakAla meM utpanna huI vastu meM pUrva-pazcAt ke krama kA nirdhAraNa nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki matijJAna ke utpanna hone para usake samakAla meM hI zrutajJAna utpanna honA nahIM mAneMge to taba usa jIva ke zruta ajJAna kA prasaMga prApta hogA, kyoMki jIva meM sadaiva kama se kama do jJAna athavA ajJAna kA sadbhAva rahatA hai| arthAt jaba taka jIva ko matijJAna ke bAda zrutajJAna kI prApti nahIM hogI taba taka zruta ajJAna kA sadbhAva rahegA jo ki AgamakAroM ko iSTa nahIM hai| ataH zruta jJAna mati pUrvaka nahIM ho sakatA hai| samAdhAna - yahA~ para mati-zruta jJAna kA jo samakAla kahA gayA hai, vaha labdhi kI apekSA se hai, upayoga kI apekSA se nahIM, kyoMki eka samaya meM eka hI jJAna meM upayoga hotA hai| ataH 'matipUrvaka zruta' kA artha hai ki zruta kA upayoga matipUrvaka hotA hai| akalaMka aura malayagiri ne bhI aisA kathana kiyA hai tathA haribhadra ne yahI tarka mati ajJAna aura zruta ajJAna ke sadbhAva ke samAdhAna meM bhI diyA hai| dravyazrutapUrvaka mati pUrvapakSa - matijJAna bhI dUsare ke zabda sunakara utpanna hotA hai, ataH matijJAna bhI zrutapUrvaka huA, ataH donoM meM koI bheda nahIM hai| uttarapakSa - jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki dUsare ke zabda ko sunakara jo matijJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha to mAtra dravyazruta se utpanna hai, bhAvazruta se nhiiN| kyoMki zabda ko dravyazruta kahA gayA hai, lekina bhAvazrutapUrvaka mati utpanna nahIM hotA hai| pUrvapakSa - kyA bhAvazruta ke bAda matijJAna sarvathA prakAra se nahIM hotA hai? uttarapakSa - zruta ke upayoga kA kAla pUrA hone ke bAda matijJAna ho sakatA hai, arthAt anukrama se hone meM bAdhA nahIM hai, lekina bhAvazruta ke bAda usake kAryarUpa meM matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| isa lie mati zrutapUrvaka nahIM hotA hai|106 bhAvazruta se utpanna dravyazruta matipUrvaka nahIM pUrvapakSa -bhAvazruta se utpanna hone vAlA zabda (dravyazruta) bhI matipUrvaka hai, kyoMki binA cintana kiye koI bolatA nahIM hai aura kyA bolanA hai, isa viSaya kA cintana karanA hI matijJAna hai| ata: dravyazruta matipUrvaka hotA hai| uttarapakSa - jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki yaha kathana upayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki isa prakAra to bhAvazruta kA sarvathA abhAva ho jAegA, kyoMki vaktA ke bolane kI icchA sambandhI upayoga rUpa jJAna ko pUrvapakSa ne matirUpa mAnA hai| zrotA kA zabda suna kara jo avagraha Adi kA jJAna hotA hai, vaha mati hai, usake bAda bhI bhAvazruta kA honA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki aisA mAnane para to 'matipUrvaka bhAvazruta' yaha to uttarapakSa kA mata hai| dravyazruta matijJAna se hotA hai, aura matijJAna bhI dravyazruta se hotA hai, ataH ina donoM meM koI antara nahIM hai| isalie uttarapakSa ke anusAra yahI mAnanA adhika upayukta hai ki bhAvazruta matipUrvaka hotA hai aura zabdAtmaka dravyazruta to usa bhAvazruta kA liMga arthAt sAdhana hai| kyoMki vaktA pahale vicAra karatA hai ki kyA bolanA hai, usake 103. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 105-106 evaM bRhavRtti 104. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 107-108 105. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.20.8, hAribhadrIya pR. 53, malayagiri pR. 70, 141 106. vizeSAvaSyakabhASya, gAthA 109-110

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[132] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana bAda hI zabdoM kA uccAraNa karatA hai| jo socA jAtA hai, vaha cintanAtmaka jJAna zrutAnusArI hone se bhAvazruta hai| ataH dravyazruta kI utpatti bhAvazruta se huI hai, yaha spaSTa hotA hai, kyoMki jo jisase utpanna hotA hai, vaha usakA kArya hotA hai| jaise ki kArya rUpa dravyazruta ke AdhAra para usake kAraNa bhUta bhAvazruta kA jJAna hotA hai, isalie dravyazruta bhAvazruta kA lakSaNa siddha hotA hai, ataH bhAvazruta se utpanna zabda (dravyazruta) matipUrvaka nahIM hotA hai| vidyAnaMda ke anusAra arhat bhagavAn taba bolate haiM jaba unake dravyazruta ke sthAna para kevalajJAna hotA hai, matijJAna nhiiN| ataH yahA~ para zruta kA artha bhAvazruta karake bhAvazruta ke pUrva mati hai, aisA artha samajhAyA hai|108 naMdIsUtra meM 'Na mati suyapubviyA' isa niyama ke lie yaha tarka hai ki mati ke pahale bhI zruta ho sakatA hai| kyoMki zabda zravaNa ke bAda mati hotI hai| jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra bhI mati ke pahale dravyazruta ho sakatA hai| ataH naMdIsUtra meM jo niSedha kiyA hai vaha bhAvazruta ke lie hai| ataH bhAvazruta ke bAda matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| zaMkA - pratyeka prANI meM mati hone se unameM 'matipuvvaM' yaha kAraNa samAna rUpa se hone para unameM zrutajJAna kI samAnatA prApta hotI hai| samAdhAna - akalaMka ke anusAra pratyeka prANI meM matizrutajJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama rUpa isa bAhyanimitta kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa unameM zruta kI samAnatA prApta nahIM hotI hai|109 zruta kI matipUrvakatA viSayaka malayagiri kA mantavya - 1. pahale matijJAna hotA hai, phira zrutajJAna yaha kathana upayoga kI apekSA se hai| mati ke upayoga ke binA granthAnusArI zrutajJAna prApta nahIM hotaa| labdhi kI apekSA se samyaktva kI prApti ke samaya mati aura zruta ko samakAlIna kahA gayA hai| upayoga kI apekSA se mati aura zruta samakAlIna nahIM haiN| 10 2. mati se zruta kI prApti hotI hai| matipATava (catura) ke binA zruta kA vaibhava uttarottara prApta nahIM hotaa| eka vastu kA utkarSa aura apakarSa jisa dUsare dravya (vastu) ke adhIna hotA hai, vahI usakA kAraNa banatA hai| jaise ghar3e kA kAraNa mRtpiNDa hai| matijJAna se hI zruta ko vizeSa avasthA prApta hotI hai| bahuta sAre zrutagraMthoM meM bhI jisa zrutagraMtha ke viSaya meM smaraNa, IhA, apoha Adi matirUpoM kA prayoga hotA hai, vaha grantha atyanta spaSTa ho jAtA hai, zeSa utane spaSTa nahIM hote|11| paM. kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA kA kathana hai ki matijJAnajanya indriya viSayoM ke bhogoM ke sukha (Asakti va pralobhana) rUpa vikAroM se mukta hone ke lie hI zrutajJAna kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| matijJAna ke prabhAva se viSayasukha kI lolupatA nahIM ho to zrutajJAna kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rahatI hai, isIlie zrutajJAna ko matipUrvaka kahA hai| 12 3. bheda (vibhAga) kI apekSA se mati-zruta meM antara matijJAna ke avagraha, IhA, Adi aThAIsa aura zratajJAna ke akSarazrata, anakSarazrata Adi caudaha bheda hote haiN| isa prakAra donoM ke avAntara bheda bhinna-bhinna haiM, isalie mati aura zruta alaga-alaga haiN| 13 107. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 111-113 evaM bRhadvRtti 108. na ca kevlpuurvtvaatsrvjnyvcnaat| zrutasya matipUrvatvaniyamotra virudhyte| tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.20.7 109. matizrutAvaraNakSayopazamo bahudhA bhinnaH tadbhedAd bAhyanimittabhedAcca zrutasya prakarSAprakarSayogo bhavati mtipuurvktvaavishesse'pi| - tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.20.9 110. malayagiri pR. 70 111. malayagiri pR. 141 112. bandhatattva, pR.5 113. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 116

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [133] 4. indriya kI apekSA se mati-zruta meM antara sAmAnya rUpa se yaha pracalana hai ki zrutajJAna kevala zrotrendriya se saMbaMdhita hai, matijJAna zeSa indriyoM se saMbaMdhita hai| jinabhadragaNi tathA maladhArI hemacandra "soindiovaladdhI hoi suyaM sesayaM tu minaannN| mottUNaM davvasuyaM akkharalaMbho ya sesesu|"114 gAthA ke AdhAra se spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM yaha ekAMta niyama nahIM hai, kyoMki dravyazruta (pustaka Adi) hI nahIM, zeSa cAroM indriyoM se jo akSara lAbha hotA hai, vaha bhI zruta hai arthAt zrotrendriyopalabdhi zruta hai aura zeSa matijJAna hai, isa kathana kA tAtparya yaha hai ki zrotrendriya ke alAvA zeSa indriyoM se prApta hone vAle akSara ko zeSa indriyopalabdhi rUpa kahA jAtA hai| ataH samasta zrotraviSaya zrutajJAna hai, jabaki zrotrendriya aura zeSa indriya viSaya ke grahaNa se matijJAna donoM prakAra kA hotA hai| pUrvapakSa - "soindiovaladdhI hoi suyaM sesayaM tu minaannN| mottUNaM davvasuyaM akkharalaMbho ya sesesu| 115 gAthA kA artha katipaya AcArya karate haiM ki bole jAne vAle zabda (soindiovaladdhI) zruta haiM aura ina zabdoM ko sunanA mati hai| jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki yadi zrotrendriya upalabdhi hI zruta hai, to zrotrendriya se hone vAle avagrahAdi matijJAna ke bheda nahIM bana pAyeMge, kyoMki pUrvapakSa ne samasta upalabdhi ko zruta rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| yadi unako matijJAna rUpa mAneMge to ve zruta rUpa nahIM hoMge, jisase zrotrendriyalabdhi ko zruta kahanA anucita hai| yadi unako ubhaya rUpa mAnate haiM to sAMkarya (saMkIrNatA) doSa AegA, jisase mati aura zruta meM abheda prApta hogaa| isake sambandha meM kucha AcArya kahate haiM ki vaktA kA zabda zruta hai aura vahI zabda zrotA ke lie mati hai| yaha bhI saMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki isameM do doSa Ate haiN| prathama to jo bhI zabda hotA hai, vaha vaktA aura zrotA donoM ke lie dravyazruta rUpa hI hotA hai| dUsarA yahA~ jJAnasambandhI adhikAra meM pudgala rUpa zabda se kathana siddhi nahIM hotI hai| yadi aisA kaho ki zrotrendriya zabda meM kAraNa aura kAryabhUta hai, isalie upacAra se zabda vaktA ke lie zruta aura zrotA ke lie mati haiM, to pUrvapakSa kA aisA kahanA bhI ayogya hai, kyoMki zabda-jJAna to bheda rahita hI hotA hai| ataH ina doSoM ke parihAra ke lie aisA mAnanA ucita hai ki bolane vAle aura sunane vAle donoM ke zabda dravyazruta haiM, isalie uparyukta gAthA kA artha aisA kara sakate haiM ki kisI bhI indriya se prApta huA zrutAkSaralAbha zruta hai jo ki dravyazruta rUpa hai| isake alAvA akSaralAbha mati hai arthAt 'zrotrendriya upalabdhi zruta hI hai' aisA nahIM mAnakara 'zrotrendriya upalabdhi zruta hai' aisA svIkAra karanA caahie| kyoMki sabhI zrotrendriya-upalabdhi zrutAnusAriNI nahIM hokara mAtra avagrahAdi rUpa bhI hotI hai| isalie zrotrendriyanimittaka avagrahAdi matijJAna rUpa hai|16 zabda ke samAna bhAvazruta meM kAraNa hone se pustaka, patra (kAgaja) Adi meM likhita zabda bhI dravyazruta hai| kevala zrotrendriya se prApta zabda zruta hai, aisA nahIM hai, kyoMki zeSa cakSu Adi indriyoM se jo akSara lAbha hotA hai arthAt paropadeza athavA arhat vacana ke anusAra jo akSara kI upalabdhi hotI hai, vaha bhI zrutAnusArI hone se bhAvazruta rUpa hai| zeSa indriyoM se prApta jJAna meM pratibhAsita akSara zrotropalabdhi yukta hai, kyoMki zravaNa se utpanna huA samasta zabdollekha zrotra upalabdhi rUpa hI hai| pUrvapakSa - jo 114. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 117 evaM bRhavRtti pR. 65 115. 'soindiovaladdhI hoi suyaM sesayaM tu minaannN| mottUNaM davvasuyaM akkharalaMbho ya sesesu|' - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 117 116. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 118-121, 123

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[134] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana zruta akSaralAbha hai, vaha zruta hai aura jo anakSara hai vaha matijJAna mAnA jAye to (sabhI anakSara jJAna ko mati mAnane se) IhA Adi sabhI kA matitva ghaTita nahIM hogaa| uttarapakSa - isa doSa ke nivAraNa ke lie nirvivAda rUpa se zrutAnusArI hone vAlA akSaralAbha hI zruta hai, vaha kisI bhI indriya se ho tathA zeSa matijJAna hai, jo ki pAMcoM indriya aura mana se hotA hai lekina zrutAnusArI nahIM hotA hai| aisA svIkAra karanA hogaa|17 jinadAsagaNi aura haribhadra ne isa sambandha meM vizeSa ullekha nahIM kiyA jabaki malayagiri ne jinabhadragaNi kA samarthana kiyA hai| 18 vastutaH jo zrutAnusArI jJAna hai, vaha zrotA aura vaktA ke lie zrutajJAna hai aura jo zruta ke svarUpa se rahita hai, vaha donoM ke lie matijJAna hai| akalaMka ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai| tattvArthavArtika meM ve prazna karate haiM ki IhA Adi jJAna meM bhI zruta kA vyapadeza prApta hotA hai, kyoMki ve bhI mana ke nimitta se utpanna hote haiN| isake uttara meM ve kahate haiM ki aisA nahIM hai, kyoMki ve mAtra avagraha ke dvArA gRhIta padArtha ko jAnate haiM, jabaki zrutajJAna apUrva artha ko viSaya karatA hai|19 yadyapi IhA matijJAna aura zrutajJAna donoM hI mana se hote haiM, kintu jisa prakAra mana ko IhA jJAna kA nimitta prApta hotA hai vaisA zrutajJAna ko prApta nahIM hotA hai| 120 dravyazruta aura bhAvazruta kA svarUpa AcArAMga Adi bAraha aMga, utpAda pUrva Adi caudaha pUrva aura sAmAyikAdi caudaha prakIrNaka svarUpa dravyazruta jAnanA, aura inake sunane se utpanna huA jJAna bhAvazruta kahalAtA hai| jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra - 1. zrutopayoga ke sAtha jina padArthoM ko vaktA bolatA hai, vaha dravyazruta va bhAvazruta donoM rUpa hotA hai, jinheM upayoga rahita hokara bolatA hai, vaha zabdamAtra hone se dravyazruta hai, aura jinheM zruta-buddhi se kevala paryAlocita hI karatA hai, bolatA nahIM haiM, vaha bhAvazruta hai|21 2. jo jJAna zruta kA anusaraNa karake indriya aura mana kA nimitta milane para apane artha ko kahane meM samartha hai, vaha bhAvazruta hai| 122 ____ 3. bhAvazruta matipUrvaka hotA hai| dravyazruta usakA lakSaNa hai| dravyazruta bhAvazruta se utpanna hotA hai| pahale bhAvazruta se ciMtana kiyA jAtA hai, tatpazcAt use zabda se prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai| ataH dravyazruta se bhAvazruta lakSita hotA hai|23 4. zruta ke upayoga se nirapekSa/anupayukta vaktA AgamataH dravyazruta hai| zruta meM upayukta zruta kA adhyetA AgamataH bhAvazruta hai, kyoMki vaha zrutopayoga se abhinna hotA hai| 24 maladhArI hemacandra ke anusAra - zrutabuddhi se prathamataH dRSTa (gRhIta) padArthoM ko, jaba upayoga rahita hokara abhyAsa se vaktA bolatA hai, to vaha dravyazruta hotA hai| jinheM vaktA zrutabuddhi se dekhatA hai aura mana se sphurita hone para bhI nahIM bolatA hai, vaha bhAvazruta hai|25 nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ke kathanAnusAra - pudgaladravyasvarUpa akSara padAdika rUpa se dravyazruta hai, aura unake sunane se zrutajJAna kI paryAyarUpa utpanna huA jJAna bhAvazruta hai|126 117. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 124-126 118. naMdIcUrNi pR. 51, hAribhadrIya pR. 53, malayagiri pR. 142 119. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.9.32 pR. 35 120. naaniNdriyaanimittvaadiihnshrutyorih| tAdAtmyaM bhuvedtvaacchutsyehaavypekssyaa| - tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.9.31 121. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 129 122. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 100 123. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 112-113 124. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 877-878 125. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 128 kI TIkA 126, gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa gAthA 348-349

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [135] dravyazruta-bhAvazruta aura matijJAna kA saMbaMdha bhASyakAra ne "soindiovaladdhI hoi suyaM sesayaM tu minaannN| mottUNaM davvasuyaM akkharalaMbho ya sesesu|"127 gAthA meM pustaka Adi meM likhita jJAna dravyazruta, akSara lAbha bhAvazruta tathA zabda aura usakA jJAna ubhayazruta kahA hai, ataH bhAvazruta kA kauna sA athavA kitanA bhAga dravyazruta meM evaM ubhayazruta meM pariNata hotA hai? ityAdi zaMkA ke samAdhAna ke lie jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki buddhi dvArA dRSTa artha jise vaktA bolatA hai, vaha mati sahita arthAt ubhayarUpa se zruta hai arthAt zrutAtmaka buddhi se grahaNa kiye hue jina arthoM ko zrutAtmaka buddhi se upayoga sahita hokara hI bolatA hai, usI ke dravyazruta aura bhAvazruta rUpa ubhayazruta hotA hai| jo jJAna buddhidRSTa arthoM kA pratipAdana karane meM samartha hotA hai, vaha zrutajJAna hai| vaha matijJAna sahita hotA hai| pratipAdana kA saMbaMdha dravyazruta se hai aura mana sahita hone kA saMbaMdha bhAvazruta se| bhAvazruta ke sAtha dravyazruta bhI hotA hai| vaha jitanI jJAna kI upalabdhi hai, utanA nirUpaNa karatA hai|28 dravyazruta aura ubhayazruta se bhAva zrRta anantaguNA adhika hotA hai, kyoMki vANI (bhASA) krama se pravRtta hotI hai aura Ayu sImita hotI hai ataH bhAvazruta ke viSayabhUta padArthoM ke anantaveM bhAga ko hI vaktA kathana kara sakatA hai| ataH zrutopalabdhi se gRhIta upalabdha padArthoM ke anantaveM bhAga ko hI bola pAtA hai, ata: usa anantaveM bhAga meM se hI upayoga rahita bole to dravyazruta aura upayogasahita bole to ubhayazruta rUpa hogaa|29 (1) kucheka AcArya bhASya kI gAthA 'buddhiddiDhe atthe je bhAsai taM suyaM maI shiyN| itarattha vi hoja suyaM, uvaladdhisamaM jai bhnnejjaa|130 meM Aye 'buddhi' kA artha zrutabuddhi nahIM karake mati karate haiM arthAt matijJAna meM dRSTa padArthoM ko vaktA jaba matijJAna ke upayoga se yukta hokara bolatA hai to vaha zrutajJAna rUpa hai tathA jo artha mati (buddhi) se Alocita hotA hai, lekina zabda rUpa meM usakI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai, to buddhi se Alocita jJAna arthAt zrutAnusArI hone para bhI vaha matijJAna rUpa hI hotA hai| jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki yaha ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki bhASyamANa artha ko dravyazruta mAnane se bhAvazruta kA abhAva prApta hotA hai| jaiseki zabda dravyazruta rUpa hai aura mati Abhinibodhika rUpa hai tathA donoM milakara bhI bhAvazruta nahIM ho sakate haiM, jaise ki bAlU reta ke bahuta se kaNa mila jAyeM to bhI unameM taila kA sadbhAva nahIM ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra zabda aura mati alaga-alaga tathA saMyukta rUpa hone para bhI bhAvazruta rUpa nahIM hote haiN|131 (2) dUsarA kAraNa batAte hue ve kahate haiM ki anabhilApya ko abhASyamANa kahate haiM, jo matijJAna rUpa hotA hai tathA abhilApya (bhASyamANa) zrutajJAna rUpa hai| bhASyamANa artha hamezA choTA hone se matijJAnI kI apekSA zrutajJAnI hamezA hIna rahatA hai| ataH 'buddhiddiDhe atthe je bhAsai taM suyaM maI sahiyaM / ' paMkti kA artha nimna prakAra se kara sakate haiM ki sAmAnya (mati-zruta se yukta) buddhi se Alocita hue artho meM se jo artha zruta mati sahita bhASaNa ke yogya hai, cAhe vaha artha usa samaya nahIM bolA jA rahA hai to bhI vaha bhAvazruta hai, jabaki zeSa artha mati hai| 127. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 117 128. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 128 129. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 128 bRhadvRtti sahita 130. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 128 131. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 132, 133, 145

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[136] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana zrutajJAna zabda rUpa tathA matijJAna ubhaya rUpa jisakA kathana kiyA jAtA hai tathA jo kathana karatA hai unake hI zruta hotA hai, aisA mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki kucha aise bhI abhilApya padArtha hote haiM jinakA jJAna (nizcaya) matijJAna ke dvArA hI hotA hai aura zabda rUpa dravyazruta dvArA kahA jAtA hai| yadi bolane vAle ke zruta hI mAnA jAyegA to zrutajJAna kA prasaMga prApta hogA jo ki abhISTa (zrutAnusArI nahIM hone se zrutopayoga se rahita hai) nahIM hai| ataH jo artha bhASaNa (bolane) ke yogya nahIM (anabhilApya) vaha sampUrNa artha mati rUpa hai| jo artha bolane yogya (abhilApya) hai aura usa artha kI AlocanA zrutabuddhi se hotI hai, to vaha artha zruta hai tathA jisa artha kI AlocanA mati se hotI hai to vaha artha mati hai| isa prakAra zrutajJAna zabda meM pariNata hotA hai aura mati ubhayasvabhAva rUpa hai| 32 kyA matijJAna zruta pariNata hotA hai? pUrvapakSa - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 128 kI 'itarattha vi hoja suyaM, uvaladdhisamaM jai bhnnejjaa|' isa dvitIya paMkti kA artha nimna prakAra se karate hue kahatA hai ki matijJAna se jitanA jAnA utanA (upalabdhi samAna) kahate haiM to vaha zruta hai| ataH matijJAna zrutajJAna meM pariNata hotA hai, aisA mAnA gayA hai| uttapakSa - jinabhadragaNi isako spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki aisA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki jo mati hai vaha zruta nahIM ho sakatA hai aura jo zruta hai vaha mati nahIM ho sakatA hai| ata: matijJAna aura zrutajJAna bhinna hone se matijJAna zrutajJAna meM pariNata nahIM ho sakatA hai| kyoMki donoM kA apanA-apanA astitva hai| AgamAnusAra donoM kA lakSaNa alaga-alaga hai aura donoM ke Avaraka karma bhI bhinna-bhinna haiN| ata: donoM eka ho hI nahIM sakate haiN| yadi abhilApya va anabhilApya padArtha ko matijJAnI matijJAna dvArA jAnatA hai, phira bhI vaha upalabdhi (jJAna) ke samAna bhASaNa nahIM kara pAtA hai| kyoMki usameM anabhilApya padArtha avAcya rUpa hote haiN| ataH mati ko ubhayarUpa mAnale arthAt abhilApya padArtha jinheM jAnakara bolatA hai, ve zrutajJAna rUpa hai aura anabhilApya padArthoM ke jJAna ko matirUpa mAna liyA jAya to kyA bAdhA hai? jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki mAnanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki matijJAnI jo kucha bhI bolatA hai, vaha zrutAnusaraNa nahIM karate hue svamati se hI bolatA hai ata: matijJAna meM zrutarUpatA saMbhava nahIM hai|133 5. kAraNa-kArya se mati-zruta meM antara matijJAna kAraNa hai, zrutajJAna kArya hai isa apekSA se donoM bhinna haiN| kucheka AcAryoM ke matAnusAra zrutajJAna kA kAraNa matijJAna valkala (chAla) ke samAna hai aura zrutajJAna kArya hone se avalka rUpa zumba hai| yahA~ valka kA artha palAza Adi kI chAla aura avalka rUpa zumba kA artha usa chAla se banI davarikA (chAla ko gUMthakara banAI huI darI, caTAI yA lar3I) hai| isa prasaMga meM mati valka jaisA aura bhAvazruta zumba jaisA hai, aisA kahanA cAhie (valka kAraNa hai, rajju kArya hai|) arthAt arhat vacanAdi rUpa paropadeza se susaMskRta hokara matijJAna hI viziSTa sthiti ko prApta hotA huA zrutajJAna ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai, isa prakAra valka-avalka ke rUpa meM inakI bhinnatA hone se mati-zruta meM bhinnatA hai|34 jinabhadragaNi isakA khaNDana karate haiM, kyoMki isase bhAvazruta kA abhAva, sAMkarya doSa, abheda, sva-AvaraNa sambandhI bheda Adi samasyAeM utpanna hotI haiN| jaiseki mati ke bAda zabda mAtra ke 132. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 146-150 bRhadvRtti sahita 133. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 135, 151-153 134. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 154 evaM bRhavRtti

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [137] sadbhAva ko mAnane se bhAvazruta kA abhAva prApta hogaa| yadi matisahita zabda ko bhAvazruta mAnate haiM to mati aura zruta meM sAMkarya doSa Ane se jo matijJAna hai vahI bhAvazruta hai, aisA mAnane se donoM meM ekatvapanA prApta hone se mati-zruta meM abheda prApta hogA jo ki AgamAnusAra nahIM hai|35 jinabhadragaNi dRSTAMta ko sahI tarIke se ghaTAte hue kahate haiM ki Agama meM matipUrvaka bhAvazruta kA sadbhAva kahA hai, isalie mati ko valka (kAraNa) ke samAna aura bhAvazruta zumba (kArya) ke samAna mAnane se dRSTAMta kI saMgati baiThatI hai| jIva mati se cintana karatA hai, usake bAda zruta kI paripATI kA anusaraNa karatA hai arthAt vAcyavAcaka bhAva rUpa meM paropadeza yA zrutagrantha kA vastu ke sAtha niyojana karatA hai, isalie valka va zumba ke samAna mati va zruta meM kAryakAraNa bhAva hone se paraspara bheda kI siddhi ho sakatI hai aura dRSTAMta bhI sahI tarIke se ghaTita hotA hai|136 uparyukta carcA kA sArAMza yaha hai ki matijJAna aura dravyazruta meM tathA matijJAna kA prasaMga hone se bhAvazruta aura dravyazruta meM bhI valka aura zumba kA dRSTAMta ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| matijJAna aura bhAvazruta ke lie yaha dRSTAMta ghaTita ho sakatA hai| naMdI ke TIkAkAroM ne bhI lagabhaga aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai|37 6. anakSara-akSara se mati-zruta meM antara pUrvapakSa - mati anakSara rUpa tathA zruta akSara-anakSara (ubhayAtmaka) rUpa hone se donoM meM bheda hai| uttarapakSa - jinabhadragaNi kahate hai ki yadi pUrvapakSa mati ko anakSara mAnegA to IhAdi jo zabdollekha sahita hote haiM jaiseki 'yaha sthANu hai yA puruSa hai?' Adi vikalpoM kA samAveza mati meM kaise hogA? pUrvapakSa - Agama meM matijJAna ke IhAdi bhedoM ko zrutanizrita batAyA hai, isalie akSarAtmaka matijJAna se IhAdi kA jJAna honA mAna leMge, buddhi (mati) se nahIM, kyoMki vaha anakSara rUpa hai| uttarapakSa - 1. yadi IhAdi jJAna ko zruta kA vyApAra mAneMge to matijJAna meM avagraha ke alAvA kucha bhI nahIM rhegaa| 2. zruta se IhAdi kA jJAna to hotA hai, kintu vaha jJAtA ke zruta rUpa nahIM hokara mati rUpa hI hai, to isase to zruta kA abhAva prApta ho jaaegaa| 3. IhAdi kI paryAya ke jJAna ke samaya mati-zruta kA upayoga ubhayAtmaka mAnate ho to yaha bhI siddhAnta ke anukUla nahIM hai| 4. IhAdi ke jJAna dvArA pramAtA kA jJAna akSarAnusArI hone se zrutanizrita hai, mAnane para autpAtikI Adi cAroM matiyA~ bhI zrutanizrita rUpa ho jAyeMgI kyoMki autpAtikI Adi cAra buddhiyAM IhAdi ke abhAva meM nahIM hotI haiN| jabaki Agama meM cAra buddhiyoM ko azrutanizrita batAyA hai| jinabhadragaNi aura maladhArI hemacandra kahate hai ki pUrva meM zruta se saMskArita mati vAlA jo jJAna, vartamAna meM zruta nirapekSa rUpa me pravRtta hotA hai, vaha zrutanizrita hai, zeSa autpAtikI Adi cAra buddhiyAM azrutanizrita haiN| ataH avagraha aura autpAtikI Adi buddhi kI apekSA se matijJAna anakSara aura IhAdi kI apekSA se akSara rUpa hai, ata: matijJAna bhI ubhayAtmaka hai| ina donoM jJAnoM meM bheda kA mukhya kAraNa hai ki zruta meM dravyAkSara kA sadbhAva hai, jabaki mati meM dravyAkSara nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki dravyamati ke rUpa meM matijJAna kA prayoga rUr3ha nahIM hai, isa prakAra donoM meM dravyAkSara kI apekSA sAkSaratA aura anakSaratA se antara hai|38 jinabhadragaNi aura maladhArI hemacandra ke anusAra mati-zruta meM uparyukta antara kA mukhya kAraNa hai ki pustaka meM likhita akArAdi varNa tathA tAlvAdi karaNajanya zabda vyaMjAnakSara haiN| aMtara meM 135. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 155 evaM bRhadvRtti 137. naMdIcUrNi pR. 51, malayagiri pR. 142 136. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 156-161 evaM bRhadvRtti 138. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 162-169 evaM bRhadvRtti

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[138] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana sphurita hone vAlA akArAdi varNa kA jJAna bhAvAkSara hai| vyaMjanAkSara (dravyAkSara) kI apekSA matijJAna anakSara hai| bhAvAkSara kI apekSA matijJAna sAkSara hai| jaiseki avagraha meM bhAvAkSara nahIM hotA hai, isalie vaha anakSara tathA IhA meM bhAvAkSara hotA hai, isalie vaha sAkSara hotA hai| zrutajJAna vyaMjanAkSara aura bhAvAkSara donoM kI apekSA sAkSara hai|39 jinadAsagaNi zruta ko sAkSara aura mati ko anakSara mAnate haiM, haribhadra aura malayagiri ne zruta ko sAkSara aura mati ko ubhayAtmaka mAnA hai| 40 7. muka-amUka se mati-zrata meM antara katipaya AcArya aisA mAnate haiM ki matijJAna mUka hai, kyoMki vaha kevala apane ko hI prakAzita karatA (svapratyAyaka) hai evaM usameM dUsaroM ke pratIti karAne vAle 'dravyAkSara' kA abhAva hai| zrutajJAna amUka (mukhara) hai, kyoMki vaha sva-para donoM ko prakAzita karatA (sva-parapratyAyaka) hai, isa apekSA se donoM meM bheda hai| jinabhadragaNi uparyukta kathana meM doSa mAnate hue pUrvapakSa se pUchate haiM ki hAtha Adi kI ceSTAeM paraprabodhaka hone se mati bhI parapratyAyaka (dUsaroM ko prakAzita karatA) hai| jisa prakAra zabda se dUsaroM ko bodha/jJAna hotA hai, vaise hI karAdi kI ceSTAoM se bhI hotA hai| isa prakAra matijJAna ke hetu bhI para-prabodhaka haiM (dUsaroM ko bodha karAte haiM) ata: mati aura zruta meM koI bheda nahIM hai| jinabhadragaNi mUka aura amUka kI apekSA antara ko ghaTita karane ke lie kahate haiM ki pustakoM meM likhita akSara (zabda rUpa) dravyazruta zrutajJAna kA asAdhAraNa kAraNa hone se dravyazruta para-prabodhaka hotA hai, kintu karAdi ceSTAeM matijJAna kA asAdhAraNa kAraNa nahIM hone ke kAraNa para-prabodhaka nahIM hai, kyoMki para-pratyAyaka kA sambandha jJAna ke sAtha nahIM, lekina jJAna ke kAraNa ke sAtha hai| dravyazruta to kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karate hue zrutajJAna rUpa se nirUpita hotA hai, ataH paramparA se zrutajJAna kA dravyazruta kI apekSA se paraprabodhaka honA saMgata hai| kintu matijJAna karAdi ceSTAoM se pRthak hone se tathA paramparA se matijJAna para-prabodhaka nahIM hotA hai, ata: mati va zruta meM mUka aura amUka hone kA bheda yukti saMgata ghaTita hotA hai|47 jinadAsagaNi, haribhadra aura malayagiri ne jinabhadragaNi kA samarthana kiyA hai| 42 isa prakAra jinabhadragaNi ne sAta prakAra se mati aura zruta meM bheda ko spaSTa karate hue unase pUrva tathA samakAla meM isa sambandha meM jo-jo matAntara pracalita the, unakA yuktiyukta khaNDana kiyA hai| jisakA bahulatA se bAda vAle AcAryoM ne anugamana kiyA hai| tattvArthasUtrAnusAra kAla (viSaya) Adi kI apekSA se bhI mati aura zruta meM bheda ho sakatA hai, jisakA ullekha nimna prakAra se hai| 8. viSaya grahaNa kAla kI apekSA donoM meM bheda umAsvAti kahate haiM ki mati vartamAnakAla viSayaka hotA hai, jabaki zruta trikAla viSayaka hai| zrutajJAna matijJAna kI apekSA adhika vizuddha hai| matijJAna indriya-anindriya nimitta hai, yaha AtmA kA pAriNAmika bhAva hai, jabaki zruta manonimitta hai, kyoMki vaha Apta ke upadezAtmaka hotA hai| 143 139. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 170 evaM bRhavRtti 140. naMdIcUrNi pR. 51 "akkarANagata sutaM amakkharaM matinANaM ti|" -hAribhadrI pR. 52, malayagiri pR. 142 141. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 172-175 142. naMdIcUrNi pR. 51, hAribhadrIya pR. 52, malayagiri pR. 142 143. utpannAvinaSTArthagrAhakaM sAmpratakAlaviSayaM matijJAnaM, zrutajJAnaM tu trikAlaviSayam ca vishuddhtrN| kiMcAnyat / matijJAnamindriyAnindriya nimittam, Atmane jJasvAbhAvyAt pAriNAmikaM, zrutajJAnaM tu tatpUrvakamAptopadezAt bhvtiiti| -tattvArthabhASya 1.20

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [139] malayagiri ne bhI aisA ullekha kiyA hai ki matijJAna kA viSaya hai - vartamAnavI vastu / zruta jJAna kA viSaya, atIta, vartamAna aura anAgata tInoM kAloM meM samAna pariNamana vAlI dhvani (zabda) hai| 44 9. indriya evaM mana kI nimittatA ke AdhAra para donoM meM bheda umAsvAti ke anusAra matijJAna indriya aura anindriya nimitta hai aura zrutajJAna manonimitta hai| jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra donoM jJAna indriya aura manonimitta hote haiN| haribhadra, malayagiri aura yazovijayajI ne bhI isakA samarthana kiyA hai| 45 akalaMka ke anusAra matijJAna indriya aura manonimitta aura zrutajJAna manonimitta hai|146 isake samanvaya kA prayAsa karate hue vidyAnaMda ne kahA hai ki mati sAkSAt indriya manonimitta hai, jabaki zruta sAkSAt manonimitta hai aura paramparA se indriyamanonimitta hai| 47 isa spaSTatA se umAsvAti, jinabhadragaNi aura akalaMka ke mata meM koI bhinnatA nahIM rahatI hai| zrutajJAna meM indriya aura mana kAraNa nahIM __kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA kA abhimata hai ki zrutajJAna indriya aura mana se nahIM hotA hai kyoMki tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra 'zrutamanindriyasya'148 arthAt zrutajJAna anindriya (indriyoM ke viSaya se rahita) kA viSaya hai| ve kahate haiM ki katipaya vidvAn anindriya kA artha mana karate haiM, parantu yaha ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki ekendriya Adi 'mana rahita' sabhI asannI prANiyoM ke zrutajJAna yA zrutaajJAna niyama se hotA hai| yadi sUtrakAra ko zruta kA viSaya mana iSTa hotA, to 'zrutaM manasaH' sUtra hI raca dete| vidhiparaka 'manasaH' zabda ke sthAna para niSedhAtmaka anindriyasya zabda lagAyA hI isalie gayA hai ki indriya aura mana Adi matijJAna ke viSaya ko zrutajJAna nahIM samajhA jaaeN| yaha akSara zrutajJAna jIva meM sadaiva vidyamAna hai| kevala usa para AvaraNa A gayA hai| AvaraNa vidyamAna vastu para hI hotA hai, avidyamAna vastu para AvaraNa nahIM A sktaa| Azaya yaha hai ki akSara zrutajJAna kA artha ka, kha, ga Adi akSaroM se saMbaddha nahIM hokara kSaraNa rahita amaratva, dhruvatva va AvinAzitva ke jJAna se saMbaMdhita hai| 49 kyA matijJAna dravyazcata rUpa hai? _ 'buddhiddiDhe atthe je bhAsai taM suyaM maI shiyN| itarattha vi hoja suyaM, uvaladdhisamaM jai bhnnejjaa|150 gAthA se yaha phalitArtha nikalatA hai ki matijJAna bhAvazruta rUpa to nahIM ho sakatA hai, lekina use dravyazruta ke rUpa meM svIkAra kareM to koI bAdhA nahIM hai| isI krama meM jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki matijJAna ke dravyazruta meM parivartita hone meM bAdhA nahIM hai kyoMki mati (buddhi) dvArA dekhe gae padArtha ko mati upayoga sahita hokara bola rahe vaktA kA matijJAna dravyazruta (zabda rUpa) kA kAraNa hai, ata: vaha dravyazruta rUpa hai| jabaki jisakA kathana nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai vaha matijJAna hai| dravyazruta bhI tabhI hogA jabaki jo azrutAnusArI (apanI mati se hI) paryAlocita mati padArthoM meM IhA, apAya rUpa jJAna meM jo akSara lAbha hotA hai, vaha zabda rUpa dravyazruta kA kAraNa hone se dravyazruta hai| lekina zrutAnusArI arthAt paropadeza/tIrthaMkara vacana rUpa zruta kA anusaraNa kara jo Antarika akSara-lAbha hotA hai, use vaktA zrutopayoga meM rahakara hI bolatA hai, ataH yahA~ bole gae zabda kA kAraNa matijJAna nahIM, kyoMki vaha zrutapUrvaka hai| isalie yahA~ matijJAna dravyazruta rUpa nahIM hogaa|51 144. malayagiri pR. 66 145. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 144, hAribhadrIya pR. 52, malayagiri pR. 141, jainatarkabhASA pR. 6 146. ubhayerindriyAnindriya-nimittatvAditi cainna asiddhtvaat| - tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.9.30-32 147. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.9 148. tattvArthasUtra 2.22 149. bandha tattva, pR. 11 150. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 128 151. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 136

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[140] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana abhilApya aura anabhilApya kA vicAra ___ 'ahava bhai davvasuyattameu bhAveNa sA virujjhejjaa| jo asuyakkharalAbho, taM bhaisahio pabhAsejjA' gAthA 136 ke uttarArddha meM kahA hai ki 'anyatra bhI zruta ho sakatA hai' isa kathana se matijJAna do prakAra kA pratIta hotA hai, yathA bolane vAle vaktA kA matijJAna jo ki dravyazruta rUpa hai, tathA jisakA kathana nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, vaha matijJAna bhI dravyazruta ho sakatA hai, lekina jitanA matijJAna se jAnA, usa saba kA kathana kare aisA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki jitanA bolA jA sakatA hai, usakI apekSA akathanIya (upalabdha jJAna) matijJAna anantaguNA adhika hotA hai|52 pUrvapakSa - matijJAna153 aura zrutajJAna154 se upalabdha sabhI padArthoM kA kathana karanA sambhava nahIM hai| uttapakSa - donoM jJAnoM kA bahutva (prAcurya) hai| kyoMki sampUrNa Ayu paryanta bhI mati-zrutajJAnI jJAta padArthoM ke anantaveM bhAga ko hI bola pAtA hai| aisA Agama meM ullekha hai| zrutajJAna se jJAta sabhI padArthoM kA kathana kara pAnA sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki unakI bahulatA hai aura zeSa mati Adi cAra jJAnoM ke dvArA jJAta padArtha bahulatA meM hote hue svabhAva se hI anabhilApya haiN| kyoMki abhilApya (prajJApanIya) padArtha anabhilApya padArthoM ke anantaveM bhAga pramANa hote haiM aura jo zruta-nibaddha (caudahapUrva) haiM, vaha abhilApya padArthoM kA anantavAM bhAga hI hai| kyoMki utkRSTa caudahapUrvI samasta kathanIya vastuoM ke jJAtA hote hue bhI paraspara SaTsthAnapatita nyUnyAdhika haiN| kyoMki sabhI abhilApya padArtha yadi zrutanibaddha hote to unake jJAniyoM kI paraspara tulyatA hI hotI, SaTsthAnapatita nyUnyAdhikatA nahIM batAI jaatii| isa hInAdhikatA kA kAraNa kSayopazama kI vicitratA hai, kyoMki akSara lAbha kI dRSTi se sabhI caudahapUrvI kA jJAna samAna hai, unameM koI antara nahIM hai|155 mati aura zruta meM abheda zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM ke lagabhaga sabhI AcAryoM ne mati aura zruta ko bhinna rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai, lekina apanI vyAkhyA aura vivecana meM aisA aMza chor3A hai jisase ina donoM meM abheda bhI lakSita hotA hai| jaiseki naMdIsUtra meM 'do'vi eyAiM aNNamaNNamaNugayAiM tahavi puNa itthA AyariyA NANattaM pnnnnvyNti|156 arthAt mati aura zrutajJAna anyonya anugata haiM, tathApi AcArya ina donoM meM bheda batAte haiN| uparyukta naMdIsUtra ke pATha meM Aye hue 'tahavi' se vidita hotA hai ki naMdIsUtra se pUrva kAla meM ina donoM jJAnoM ko bhinna aura abhinna mAnane kI paramparA pracalita rahI hogii| isalie AcAryoM ne inameM bheda karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| naMdIsUtra ke isa pATha kA samarthana pUjyapAda aura akalaMka ne bhI kiyA hai| lekina aisA artha karanA ucita nahIM, kyoMki naMdIsUtra meM jo sahacAritva batAyA hai, vaha kisI vizeSa jJAna kI apekSA se nahIM hokara sAmAnya rUpa se kathana hai| kyoMki sabhI jIvoM meM donoM jJAna sAtha-sAtha rahate haiM arthAt ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM meM kama se kama do jJAna to hote haiN| ata: yaha niyama hai ki mati aura zruta ke binA koI jIva nahIM hotA hai| isI apekSA se donoM kA sahacAritva batAyA hai| 152. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 137 153. iyarammi vi mainANe, hoja tayaM tassamaM jai bhnnejaa| na ya tarai tattiyaM, so jamaNegaguNaM tayaM ttto|-vishessaavshykbhaassy, gAthA 137 154. iyarattha'vi bhAvasuye, hoja tayaM tassamaM jai bhnnijjaa| na ya tarai tattiyaM, so jamaNegaguNaM tayaM ttto| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 130 155. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 138-143 156. pArasamuni naMdIsUtra pR. 97 157. sarvArthasiddhi 1.30, rAjavArtika 1.9.30

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [141] vizeSAvazyakabhASya "jaM sAmi-kAla-kAraNa-visaya-parokkhattaNehiM tullaaiN| tabbhAve sesANi ya teNAIe mai suyAI158 meM bhI mati aura zruta meM samAnatA batAI hai, jisakA ullekha pUrva meM kara diyA gayA hai|59 jinabhadragaNi kA anusaraNa haribhadra, maladhArI hemacandra, malayagiri Adi AcAryoM ne kiyA hai| akalaMka kA bhI yahI mata hai ki matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kA viSaya barAbara hai, mati aura zruta sadA avyabhicArI haiM, nArada parvata kI taraha eka dUsare kA sAtha nahIM chor3ate, ata: eka ke grahaNa se dUsare kA grahaNa ho hI jAtA hai tathA donoM sahabhAvI hai, jahA~ mati hai, vahA~ zruta hai, jahA~ zruta hai vahA~ mati hai|160 siddhasena divAkara ne to spaSTa zabdo meM donoM meM abhedatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| isake lie unhoMne jo tarka diye haiM, unakA ullekha yazovijayajI ne jJAnabinduprakaraNa meM nimna prakAra se kiyA hai| 1. zrutopayoga mati upayoga se bhinna nahIM hai, kyoMki mati upayoga se usake kArya kI pratipatti ho jAtI hai| 2. zruta ko mati se bhinna mAnA jAtA hai to anumAna, smRti aura pratyabhijJAna Adi ko bhI matijJAna se bhinna mAnanA paDegA, kyoMki unameM bhI sAMvyAvahArika pratyakSa kA abhAva hai| 3. Agama meM avagraha Adi ko zabdata: sAMvyAvahArika pratyakSa rUpa mAnane se anumAnAdi arthataH parokSamati rUpa hai, isI prakAra zrutajJAna ko bhI parokSa mati kahanA cAhie, kyoMki anumAnAdi parokSajJAna kA to parokSamati meM samAveza kara liyA aura zrutarUpa parokSajJAna ko matijJAna se bhinna mAnA hai jo ki sahI nahIM lagatA hai| ___4. mati-zruta kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa 'matyA jAnAmi' arthAt mati se jAnatA hU~, 'zrutvA jAnAmi' arthAt zruta se jAnatA hU~, aisA anubhava mati aura zruta kA bhedaka dharma hai to phira 'anumAya jAnAmi' arthAt anumAna se jAnatA hU~, 'smRtvA jAnAmi' arthAt smRti se jAnatA hU~, aisA anubhava anumAna, smRti Adi ko bhI mati se pRthak siddha karatA hai| yadi anumititva Adi ko mati kA vyApya mAnA jAya to zabdatva ko mati kA vyAptatva kyoM nahIM kaha sakate haiM? pUrvapakSa yadi aisA kahe ki zruta ke samaya 'matyA na jAnAmi' arthAt mati se nahIM jAnatA hU~, aisI pratIti hotI hai, isalie mati aura zruta bhinna haiM, to usakA uttara yaha hai ki jaise vaizeSikoM 'nAnuminomi' aisI pratIti zabdajJAna kI apekSA vizeSa viSayaka hai| vaise hI 'matyA na jAnAmi' aisI pratIti matijJAna meM vizeSaviSayaka hai, aisA mAnane para kisI bhI prakAra kI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| 5. mati kA kArya nisargaja samyaktva hai aura zruta kA kArya adhigamaja samyaktva hai, to kArya bhinna hone se kAraNa (mati-zruta) bhI bhinna haiM, to usakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki donoM prakAra ke samyaktva meM mukhya kAraNa to tadAvaraNakSayopazama hai| isase kArya kI bhinnatA prApta nahIM hotI hai|61 isa prakAra mati-zruta ko abhinna siddha karane kA yaha prayAsa siddhasena divAkara kI vizeSatA ko iMgita karatA hai, aisA tArkika prayAsa digambara sAhitya meM prApta nahIM hotA hai| yazovijayajI jaina vAGmaya meM eka aise vidvAn the, jinhoMne mati aura zruta kI Agamasiddha yukti ko svIkAra karate hue bhI siddhasena ke mata kA tArkika zailI se samarthana kiyA hai|62 158. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 85 159. dvitIya adhyAya - 'jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya', pR. 64 161. jJAnabinduprakaraNa pR. 16-17 160. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.9.19-20 pR. 34 162. jJAnabinduprakaraNa, paricaya, pR. 23

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[142] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana matijJAna ke bheda Agama kAla se lekara vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke kAla taka matijJAna ke bhedoM kI saMkhyA vibhinna prakAra se prApta hotI hai| matijJAna ke 28 bhedoM kA ullekha zvetAmbara-digambara donoM paramparAoM meM prApta hotA hai| isakA ullekha sarvaprathama Avazyakaniyukti meM dekhane ko milatA hai aura usake bAda tattvArthAdhigama sUtra, SaTkhaNDAgama, kasAyapAhuDa Adi meM bhI aisA hI ullekha prApta hotA hai| isase ye bheda prAcIna pratIta hote haiN| SaTkhaNDAgama aura tattvArthasUtra ke samaya meM vizeSa vicAraNA ke sAtha yaha saMkhyA 336 aura 384 taka paha~ca gii| naMdIsUtra meM ye bheda zrutanizrita ke haiM, jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama aura tattvArthasUtra meM yahI bheda mati sAmAnya ke hai| naMdIsUtra aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra matijJAna ke bheda naMdIsUtra meM matijJAna ke 28 bhedoM kA ullekha milatA hai| avagraha (arthAvagraha) IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ke chaha-chaha bheda (pAMca indriyAM aura mana) isa prakAra caubIsa bheda hote haiM, ina meM vyaMjanAvagraha ke (cakSu aura mana ko choDakara) cAra bheda milAne para zrutanizrita mati ke 28 (6+6+6+6+4-28) bheda hote haiN|63 matAntara - bhASyakAra ne matAntara kA ullekha kiyA hai ki katipaya AcArya avagraha Adi cAra ko pAMca iMdriya aura mana ina chaha se guNA karane para caubIsa bheda karate haiM tathA autpAtikI, vainayikI, kArmikI aura pAriNAmikI ina cAra prakAra kI buddhiyoM ko milAkara matijJAna ke 28 bheda karate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki yahA~ para sampUrNa matijJAna ke bhedoM kA ullekha hai| yadi azrutanizrita rUpa cAra prakAra kI buddhi kA yahA~ grahaNa nahIM kareMge to zrutanizrita matijJAna ke hI 28 bheda ho jAyeMge, na ki sampUrNa matijJAna ke, isalie ukta prakAra se matijJAna ke 28 bheda karane caahie| jisameM zrutanizrita aura azrutanizrita donoM ke bhedoM kA samAveza ho jaae| zaMkA - yadi isa prakAra matijJAna ke bheda kaheMge to vyaMjanAvagraha ke cAra bhedoM kA kyA hogA? samAdhAna - avagraha ke do bheda hote hue bhI sAmAnya rUpa se arthAvagraha ke bhedoM meM vyaMjanAvagraha ke bhedoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| jaise ki senA meM hAthI, ghor3e, paidala sainika Adi sabhI kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra avagraha sAmAnya rUpa se eka hI mAnane para usameM arthAvagraha evaM vyaMjanAvagraha kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| avagraha Adi cAra meM pratyeka ke chaha-chaha bheda hone para zrutanizrita matijJAna ke 24 bheda aura azrutanizrita rUpa cAra prakAra kI buddhi milAne para matijJAna ke 28 bheda prApta hoNge| jinabhadragaNi isa matAntara kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki avagrahAdi cAra se azrutanizrita bhinna nahIM hai| ataH azrutanizrita cAra prakAra kI buddhi kA samAveza bhI avagrahAdi meM hI hai| jisa prakAra avagraha sAmAnya hone se vyaMjanAvagraha ke cAra bheda chor3a sakate haiM, vaise hI cAra prakAra kI buddhi ko bhI chor3A jA sakatA hai| ataH matijJAna ke arthAvagraha ke 24 bheda aura vyaMjanAvagraha ke 4 isa prakAra matijJAna ke kula 28 bheda mAnanA hI ucita haiN|164 yadi yahA~ koI zaMkA kare ki autpAtikI Adi cAra prakAra kI buddhi meM avagrahAdi cAra bheda kaise sambhava hai, to isake samAdhAna meM jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki naMdIsUtra meM naTa putra bharata, zilA Adi bahuta se dRSTAMta batAye haiM, jinameM avagrahAdi cAroM ghaTita hote haiN| jaise ki autpAtikI buddhi ke lie 163. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 178 164. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 300-303

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tRtIya adhyAya vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM matijJAna [143] 'kukkuTa' kA udAharaNa diyA hai, jisameM pratibimba kA sAmAnya grahaNa avagraha, usakA anveSaNa karanA IhA, darpaNa meM giratA huA pratibimba upayogI hai, aisA nirNaya karanA avAya hai, ityAdi / zaMkA - Agama meM to matijJAna ke zrutanizrita aura azrutanizrita bhedoM kA spaSTa ullekha hai isa prakAra samAveza karane para usakI saMgati kaise baiThegI ? isa kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki avagrahAdi sAmAnya dharma kI apekSA se azrutanizrita kA samAveza zrutanizrita meM kiyA hai, jabaki zrutanizrita aura azrutanizrita kA jahA~ vicAra kiyA jAegA vahA~ viziSTa dharma kI apekSA zrutanizrita aura azrutanizrita ko alaga-alaga rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| isa prakAra saMgati biThAne para Agama se koI virodha nahIM aaegaa| kyoMki vastu meM samAna dharma se samAnatA aura bhinna dharmoM se bhinnatA siddha hI hai / avagrahAdi kI samAnatA se azrutanizrita kA zrutanizrita meM samAveza kara zrutanizrita matijJAna ke 28 bheda mAnanA AgamAnusAra saMgata hai, lekina vyaMjanAvagraha ko chor3akara zrutanizrita aura azrutanizrita ke 28 bheda karanA ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki Agama meM bhI bheda pUrvaka zrutanizrita kahane ke bAda hI azrutanizrita kA ullekha hai 65 jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra zrutanizrita mati ke avagraha Adi 28 bhedoM ke bahu-abahu, bahuvidha - abahuvidha, kSipra-akSipra, anizrita - nizrita, nizcita - anizcita, dhruva - adhruva- ye bAraha bheda hote haiM / Abhinibodhika jJAna ke uparyukta 28 bhedoM ko ina bAraha bhedoM se guNita karane para (28x12=336) tIna sau chattIsa bheda hote haiN| isameM azrutanizrita cAra buddhiyA~ milAne se matijJAna ke 336+4=340 bheda hote haiM / tattvArthasUtra paramparA meM dhAraNA ke antargata Ane vAlA jAtismaraNa, pRthak karake sammilita kiyA jAye to 340 + 1 = 341 bheda hote haiN| SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra matijJAna ke bheda SaTkhaNDAgama ke sUtra 5.5.22 meM 4, 24, 28 aura 32 bhedoM kA aura SaTkhaNDAgama ke sUtra 5.5.34 meM 4, 24, 28, 32, 48, 144, 168, 192, 288, 336 aura 384 kI bheda saMkhyA kA ullekha milatA hai| ina bhedoM ko akalaMka aura dhavalATIkAkAra ne nimna prakAra se spaSTa kiyA hai - 1. cAra bheda ke rUpa meM avagraha, IhA, avAya evaM dhAraNA / 2. avagraha Adi cAra ko zrotrendriyAdi chaha bhedoM se guNA karane para 24 bheda hote haiM, 3. naMdIsUtra meM varNita 28 bheda ke samAna / 4. vyaMjanAvagraha ke bhedoM ko alaga se mAnate hue prApta 28 bhedoM meM avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ko milAne para 32 bheda hote haiN| 5. avagrahAdi cAra ko bahu Adi 12 se guNA karane para 48 bheda / 6. ukta 24 bhedoM ko bahu Adi chaha se guNA karane para 144 bheda hote haiM / 7. vyaMjanAvagraha ke bhedoM ko alaga se mAnate hue prApta 28 bhedoM ko bahu Adi 6 se guNA karane para 168 bheda / 8. ukta 32 bhedoM ko bahu Adi 6 se guNA karane para 192 bheda / 9. ukta 24 bhedoM ko bahu Adi bAraha se guNA karane para 288 bheda / 10. vyaMjanAvagraha ke bhedoM ko alaga se mAnate hue prApta 28 bhedoM ko bahu Adi 12 se guNA karane para 336 bheda / 11. ukta 32 bhedoM ko bahu Adi 12 se guNA karane para 384 bheda prApta hote haiN| 165. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 304-306 166. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 307

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[144] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana akalaMka ne rAjavArtika meM 48 bhedoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, parantu laghIyastraya meM ina bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura inakA prAmANya bhI siddha kiyA hai| 167 SaTkhaNDAgama meM bahu Adi 12 bhedoM kA zabdataH ullekha nahIM hai. lekina mati ke 336 Adi bheda svIkAra karane se bahu Adi ko arthataH rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai| 68 tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra matijJAna ke bheda tattvArthasUtra meM matijJAna ke 2, 4, 28, 168 aura 336 bhedoM kA ullekha milatA hai| (tattvArthabhASya 1.19) tattvArtha sUtra meM matijJAna ke do bheda ke rUpa meM indriyanimitta aura anindriyanimitta, zeSa 4, 28, 168 aura 336 bhedoM kA khulAsA SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra hai / bahu Adi 12 bhedoM kA ullekha sarvaprathama tattvArthasUtra meM hI prApta hotA hai| 69 jinabhadragaNi aura malayagiri Adi ne bhI bahu Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai| 170 sArAMza - tInoM paramparAoM kA samAveza karane para matijJAna ke bhedoM kI saMkhyA nimna prakAra se prApta hotI hai - 2, 4, 24, 28, 32, 48, 144, 168, 192, 288, 336, 340, 341 aura 384 bheda matijJAna ke prApta hote haiM / vAstava meM matijJAna ke mUla meM 28 bheda (naMdIsUtra ke anusAra) hI the, jo kAla krama aura apekSA se bar3hate aura ghaTate gaye haiN| zrutanizrita evaM azrutanizrita matijJAna mukhya rUpa se matijJAna ke do bheda haiM- 1. zrutanizrita 2. azrutanizrita / Abhinibodhika jJAna ke yaha do bheda sarvaprathama naMdIsUtra meM prApta hote haiN| matijJAna ke ina bhedoM kA naMdI paramparA ke AcAryoM ne samarthana kiyA hai| 71 SaTkhaNDAgama aura tattvArtha paramparA ke AcAryoM ne ina bhedoM kA ullekha nahIM karate hue avagrahAdi ko hI sAmAnya rUpa se matijJAna ke bheda rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai|172 ina donoM bhedoM kI aitihAsikatA kI carcA paM. sukhalAla saMghavI ne jJAnabinduprakaraNam 73 ke paricaya meM karate hue kahA hai ki ukta donoM bheda utane prAcIna nahIM, jitane prAcIna matijJAna ke avagrahAdi bheda hai| kyoMki matijJAna ke avagraha Adi tathA bahu, bahuvidha Adi bheda zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM samAna rUpa se prApta hote haiN| lekina ukta donoM bhedoM kA kathana mAtra zvetAmbara paramparA meM hI prApta hotA hai / zvetAmbara granthoM meM anuyogadvAra aura niyukti ke kAla taka to inakA ullekha nahIM hai / ye bheda sarvaprathama naMdIsUtra meM prApta hote haiM, isalie saMbhavata: naMdI kI racanA ke samaya se vizeSa prAcIna nahIM hai, yaha bhI saMbhava ho ki yaha bheda nandIkAra ne hI kiye hoN| lekina naMdIsUtra meM inakI paribhASA nahIM milatI hai| inakI paribhASA sarvaprathama jinabhadragaNi ke vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM prApta hotI hai| 1. zrutanizrita - jisakI mati zruta se pahale hI saMskArita (parikarmita) ho cukI hai, aise vyakti ko vyavahAra kAla meM usa zruta kI apekSA kiye binA hI jo jJAna utpanna hotA vaha zrutanizrita hai arthAt jo mati zruta se parikarmita / saMskArita hai, kintu vartamAna vyavahArakAla meM zruta se nirapekSa hai, vaha zrutanizrita mati hai| 167. rAjavArtika 1.19.10, dhavalA pu. 13, sU. 5.5.34-35 pR. 234-241 168. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.35 169. tattvArthabhASya 1.16 170. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 307, malayagiri pR. 183, jainatarkabhASA pR. 21 171. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 300-302, naMdIcUrNi pR. 56-64, hAribhadrIya 57-66, malayagiri pR. 144-177 172. SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13 sU. 5.5.22-35, tattvArthasUtra 1.15, rAjavArtika 1.15 173. jJAnabinduprakaraNam, paricaya pR. 24-25

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [145] 2. azrutanizrita - zruta se parikarmita (saMskArita) mati jisakI pahale nahIM huI hai, aise vyakti ko sahaja hI jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha azrutanizrita hai arthAt zruta saMskAra se nirapekSa sahaja mati azrutanizrita mati hai|74 naMdIcUrNi meM jinadAsagaNi kahate haiM ki dravya zruta (dvAdazAMga) ke AdhAra para hone vAlA Abhinibodhika jJAna zrutanizrita Abhinibodhika jJAna kahalAtA hai| jisa Abhinibodhika jJAna kI utpatti meM dravyazruta aura bhAvazruta kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai, vaha azrutanizrita Abhinibodhika jJAna hai|75 haribhadrasUri ke anusAra - dravya zruta (dvAdazAMga) ko grahaNa karake, usake anusAra zrutaparikarmita mati vAle ke zruta kI apekSA se jo Abhinibodhika jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha zrutanizrita Abhinibodhika jJAna kahalAtA hai| zruta sahAyatA ke binA tathAvidha kSayopazama se utpanna hone vAlA AbhinibodhikajJAna azrutanizrita Abhinibodhika jJAna kahalAtA hai|76 jinabhadragaNi aura haribhadrasUri donoM ke anusAra zrutaparikarmita mati vAle ke zrutanizrita matijJAna hotA hai, lekina bhASyakAra mati ko vartamAna meM zrutAtIta mAnate haiM, jabaki haribhadrasUri mati ko vartamAna meM zruta sApekSa mAnate haiN| malayagiri kI naMdIvRtti ke kathanAnusAra - jisakI mati zAstra ke adhyayana se pariSkRta ho gaI hai, usa vyakti ko jJAna kI utpatti ke samaya zAstra kI paryAlocanA ke binA jo matijJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha zrutanizrita hai| zAstra-saMsparza se sarvathA rahita, tathAvidha kSayopazama se jo yathArtha vastusaMsparzI matijJAna hotA hai, vaha azrutanizrita mati hai| jisa matijJAna kA zrutajJAna se sambandha ho, jisa matijJAna sIkhA huA zrutajJAna kAma AtA ho, jisa matijJAna para pahale sIkhe hue zrutajJAna kA prabhAva ho, usa matijJAna ko - 'zrutanizrita matijJAna' kahate haiN| isakA dUsarA nAma 'mati' hai| jisa matijJAna kA zrutajJAna se sambandha nahIM ho, jisa matijJAna meM sIkhA huA zrutajJAna kAma nahIM AtA ho, jisa matijJAna para pahale sIkhe hue zruta jJAna kA prabhAva nahIM ho, usa matijJAna ko 'azrutanizrita Abhinibodhika jJAna' kahate haiN| isakA dUsarA nAma 'buddhi' hai|78 azrutanizrita vainayikI meM zruta kA sparza hotA hai, isase zruta sparza-asparza zrutanizrita-azrutanizrita ke bheda kA vyAvartaka lakSaNa kaise bana sakatA hai? jinabhadragaNi isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM ki zrutanizrita meM zrutasparza kI bahulatA hotI hai jabaki azrutanizrita meM zruta kA sparza alpa hotA hai| zruta kA alpa aura bahutva sparza hI donoM ke bheda kA vyAvartaka lakSaNa hai|79 prazna - 'iMdiya-maNonimittaM, taM suyanissiyamaheyaraM ca punno| tatthekkekkaM caubheyamuggahoppattiyAiyaM10 zrutanizrita matijJAna ke avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA-ye cAra bheda tathA azrutanizrita matijJAna ke autpAtikI, vaineyikI, kArmikI aura pAriNAmikI-ye cAra bheda batalAye haiM to isa prakAra kula ATha bheda matijJAna ke prApta hote haiN| uttara - nahIM, ve bheda vAstava meM avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA-ina cAra bhedoM se pRthak nahIM 174. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 177 bRhavRtti, pR. 90 175. naMdIcUrNi pR. 57 176. hAribhadrIya vRtti, pR. 57 177. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 144 178. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 102 179. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 168, hAribhadrIya pR. 54 maladhArI hemacandra gAthA 169, malayagiri pR. 159 180. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 177

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[146] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana haiM, kyoMki autpAtikI, vainayikI, kArmikI aura pAriNAmikI ina buddhiyoM meM bhI padArtha kA (viSaya kA) grahaNa, vicAraNA, nirNaya aura dhAraNA hotI hI hai| ataeva ukta cAroM buddhiyA~ bhI avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNAtmaka hone se avagrahAdi se abhinna haiM athavA 'sAmAnya rUpa meM mati jJAna, zruta kA anusaraNa karane vAlA hai| kintu ye cAra buddhiyA~ graMtha Adi rUpa zruta kA anusaraNa karane vAlI nahIM haiN|' isa vizeSa bAta kA jJAna karAne ke lie hI sUtrakAra ne pahale matijJAna ke zrutanizrita aura azrutanizritaye do bheda kiye aura cAroM buddhiyoM ko azrutanizrita meM-zrutanizrita avagrahAdi se bhinna karake btlaayaa| azrutanizrita matijJAna ke bheda azrutanizrita ke cAra bheda hote haiM - 1. autpAtikI 2. vainayikI 3. kArmikI tathA 4. pAriNAmikI 187 bhagavatI sUtra meM ina cAra prakAra kI buddhiyoM ko arUpI batAte hue varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza se rahita batAyA hai|182 bhagavatI meM avagrahAdi cAra aura autpAtikI Adi cAra buddhiyoM ko AtmA rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai|183 isa prakAra cAra buddhiyoM ko jJAna rUpa to svIkAra kiyA hai, lekina inakA matijJAna ke bhedoM ke rUpa meM ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM avagrahAdi cAra kA sambandha mati ke sAtha kiyA hai, lekina autpAtikI Adi cAra buddhi kA nhiiN|14 Avazyakaniyukti meM bhI matijJAna ke bheda ke rUpa inakA ullekha nahIM hai|185 isa prakAra niyukti kAla taka to inakA ullekha matijJAna ke bhedoM ke rUpa meM nahIM huA thA, matijJAna ke bhedoM ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama inakA aisA ullekha naMdIsUtra meM prApta hotA hai|186 dhavalATIkA meM autpAtikI Adi cAra buddhiyoM kA prajJA ke bhedoM ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai|187 Avazyakaniyukti meM autpAtikI Adi cAroM buddhiyoM ke lakSaNa die haiN| ina cAroM buddhiyoM ke svarUpa Adi kA ullekha naMdIsUtra meM vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya (svopajJa) meM naMdIgata bahuta sI gAthAeM milatI haiN| ina cAroM buddhiyoM ko kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA hai, lekina niyukti, naMdIsUtra aura naMdIcUrNi aura hAribhadrIya vRtti meM cAra buddhi ke kathAnaka ke nAma nirdeza mAtra haiM, jinabhadragaNi88 AvazyakacUrNi aura naMdIsUtra TippaNa (candrasUrikRta) meM ye kathAnaka saMkSepa meM milate haiN| malayagiri ne ina kathAnakoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai|189 buddhiyoM kA svarUpa nimna prakAra se haiM1. autpAtikI jo buddhi anya kisI bhI kAraNa ke binA tathAvidha paTu kSayopazama se svata: utpanna ho, vaha 'autpAtikI buddhi' hai arthAt jisa buddhi ke dvArA jise pahale kabhI ghaTita hote hue A~kha se dekhA nahIM, kabhI kisI jAnakAra se usa viSaya meM kucha sunA bhI nahIM aura mana se bhI kabhI usa viSaya para vicAra nahIM kiyA, ye tInoM kAraNa nahIM hoM aura jo kevala kSayopazama mAtra se utpanna ho, vaha viSaya bhI tatkSaNa-binA vilamba ke tatkAla samajha meM A jAtA hai aura vaha bhI vizuddha rUpa meM samajha meM A jAtA hai, use 'autpAtikI buddhi' kahate haiN| 90 181. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 102, vizeSA0 bhASya gAthA 177 182.bhagavatIsUtra za. 12 u. 5, pR. 175, sthAnAMgasUtra 4.4. pR. 431 183. bhagavatIsUtra za. 17 u. 2 pR. 613 184. sthAAMgasUtra 4.4. pR. 431-432 185, Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 938, vizeSAvazyakabhASya svopajJa gAthA 3596 186. jJAnabinduprakaraNa, paraciya pR. 24-25 187. dhavalA, pu.1,sU. 4.4.18, pR. 82 188. vizeSAvazyakabhASya svopajJa gAthA 3603 189. malayagiri pR. 145 190. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 939, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, svopajJa gAthA 3599

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [147] autpattikI buddhi se jo kAma kiyA jAtA hai, usakI saphalatA meM kabhI bAdhA nahIM aatii| yadi A bhI jAya, to bAdhA naSTa ho jAtI hai aura kAma meM saphalatA prApta hotI hai / SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra autpAtikI Adi cAra buddhiyoM se vinayapUrvaka dvAdazAMga ko dhAraNa karake mRtyu ke bAda deva meM utpanna hokara avinaSTa saMskAra sahita manuSya bhava meM utpanna hone ke bAda zravaNa, adhyayana Adi ke binA jo prajJA hotI hai, vaha autpAtikI buddhi hotI hai| isa prakAra autpAtikI buddhi ke mUla meM pUrvabhava meM prApta zruta ko svIkAra kiyA hai / vinaya se sIkhA huA zrutajJAna pramAda ke kAraNa vismRta ho jAtA hai, vaha parabhava meM punaH smaraNa hokara autpitika buddhi rUpa hotA hai| 91 lekina zvetAmbara sAhitya meM pUrvajanma meM sIkhe hue caudaha pUrva kI vismRti aura uttaravartI manuSya bhava meM punaH prakaTa hone kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| - autpAtikI buddhi viSayaka 27 dRSTAMta ke nAma nimna prakAra se haiN| 1. bharata zilA 2. paNitahor3a 3. vRkSa 4. khuDDaga- aMgUThI 5 paTa - vastra 6. zaraTa-giragiTa 7. kAka 8. uccAra - viSThA 9. gaja 10. ghayaNa bhANDa 11 gola 12 staMbha 13. kSullaka bAla parivAjaka 14. mArga, 15. strI 16. pati 17 putra 18. madhu kA chattA, 19. mudrikA, 20 aMka, 21. nANaka, 22. bhikSu, 23. ceTaka - bAlaka aura nidhAna, 24. zikSA, 25. arthazAstra, 26. 'jo icchA ho vaha mujhe denA' aura 27. eka lAkha 192 Avazyakaniryukti aura naMdIsUtra meM 'bharahasila, paNiya....' ke bAda 'bharahasila miMDha...' gAthA kA krama hai, jabaki vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM yaha krama viparIta hai / 3 haribhadrIya vRtti aura malayagiri vRtti vAle naMdIsUtra meM ukta gAthAoM kA krama Avazyaka niryukti ke samAna hai / parantu malayagiri ne kathAnaka jinabhadragaNi ke kramAnusAra diye haiN| dRSTAnta- kucha yAtrI vana meM jA rahe the| mArga meM phaloM se ladA huA Ama kA vRkSa dekhA aura usake phala khAne kI icchA huii| per3a para kucha bandara baiThe hue the / ve yAtriyoM ko Ama lene meM bAdhA DAlane lage / yAtriyoM ne Ama lene kA upAya socA aura bandaroM kI ora patthara pheMkane lge| isase kupita hokara bandaroM Ama ke phala tor3akara yAtriyoM ko mArane ke lie una para phaiMkanA Arambha kara diyaa| isa prakAra yAtriyoM kA apanA prayojana siddha ho gayA / Ama prApta karane kI yaha yAtriyoM kI autpattikI buddhi thI / 2. vainayikI - vaMdanIya puruSoM ke prati vinaya, vaiyAvRttya, ArAdhanA Adi se jo buddhi utpanna hotI hai yA buddhi meM vizeSatA AtI hai, use 'vaineyikI buddhi' kahate haiM athavA jo buddhi dharma, artha, kAma tInoM puruSArtha athavA tInoM loka kA talasparzI jJAna rakhane vAlI hai aura vikaTa se vikaTa prasaMga ko bhI pAra kara sakatI hai tathA ubhaya- loka saphala banA detI hai, use 'vainevikI buddhi' kahate haiN| jinabhadragaNi ne trivarga ke do artha kiye haiM 1. dharma, artha aura kAma ko prApta karane kA upAya batAne vAle zAstra 2. adholoka, tiryak loka aura Urdhvaloka prarUpaNA karane vAle Agama / isI prakAra vinaya ke bhI do artha kiye haiM 1. gurusevA 2. guru upadeza zAstra haribhadra ne bhI donoM arthoM kA samarthana kiyA hai| 191. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 9 pR. 82 192. Avazyakaniryukti, gAthA 940-942, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, svopajJa gAthA 3601-3603 193. AcArya mahAprajJa, naMdI, pR. 82, vizeSAvazyakabhASya svopajJa gAthA 3601-3603 194. malayagiri pR. 144 196. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, svopajJa gAthA 3604-3607, hAribhadrIya, pR. 55 195. Avazyaka niryukti gAthA 943

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[148] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana dhavalATIkA ke anusAra - vinaya sahita dvAdazAMgI (bAraha aMga) par3hane para athavA paropadeza se jo buddhi utpanna hotI hai, vaha vainayikI kahalAtI hai| isa prakAra dhavalATIkA meM dvAdazAMga ke adhyayana se utpanna buddhi artha karake jinabhadragaNi ke dUsare artha kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| malayagiri ne vinaya ke dUsare artha kA samarthana kiyA hai|198 vainayikI buddhi ke pandraha dRSTAntoM ke nAma - 1. nimitta, 2. arthazAstra, 3. lekha, 4. gaNita, 5. kUpa, 6. azva, 7. gardabha, 8. lakSaNa, 9. granthI, 10. auSadhi, 11. rathika, 12. gaNikA 13. bhIgI sAr3I, dIrghatRNa aura kauJca pakSI kA vAma Avarta, 14. neve kA jala tathA 15. baila, ghoDA aura vRkSa se girnaa|99 dRSTAnta - kisI gA~va meM eka kisAna rahatA thaa| guru kRpA se vaha bhUgarbha vijJAna meM bar3A kuzala thaa| eka samaya usane gA~va ke kisAnoM ko batalAyA ki yahA~ itanA gaharA khodane para pAnI nikala aayegaa| usake kathanAnusAra logoM ne utanI gaharI jamIna khoda DAlI, phira bhI pAnI nahIM niklaa| taba kisAna ne unase kahA ki isake pAsa jarA er3I se prahAra kro| unhoMne jaba er3I kA prahAra kiyA to tatkAla pAnI nikala aayaa| usa kisAna kI yaha vaineyikI buddhi thii| 3. kArmikI jo buddhi, satata ciMtana ke antima sAra rUpa ho aura niraMtara karma ke vizAla anubhava yukta ho tathA jisase dhanyavAda ke pAtra kArya kara dikhAye jAye, use kArmikI buddhi kahate haiM arthAt jo buddhi kAma karane se utpanna ho, yaha buddhi kisI bhI vivakSita kArya meM mana kA upayoga ekAgra karane se utpanna hotI hai aura kArya ko zIghra alpa parizrama se aura sundara rUpa meM sampAdita karane kI kuzalatA utpanna karatI hai| usake pazcAt bhI jyoM-jyoM kArya adhika kiyA jAtA hai tathA jyoM-jyoM usakA uttarottara vicAra manthana hotA hai, tyoM-tyoM usa buddhi meM vizAlatA AtI jAtI hai| 4. kArmikI buddhi se kiye gaye kArya se logoM meM vidvAnoM dvArA 'sAdhuvAda' aura dhanavAnoM se dhana lAbha' prApta hotA hai / 00 jinabhadragaNi ne upayoga ke do artha kiye haiM - citta kI ekAgratA aura mana kA Agraha (abhinivesh)| haribhadra aura malayagiri ne dUsare artha kA samarthana kiyA hai| ataH karmajA buddhi kI utpatti kA mUla ekAgratA, abhyAsa aura manana hai| dhavalATIkA ke anusAra guru ke upadeza ke binA, tapazcaraNa aura auSadha sevana ke bala se jo buddhi hotI hai, vaha karmajA buddhi hai 02 dhavalATIkAra ne bhI karmajA buddhi kI prApti meM AcArya ke upedaza ke tattva ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| yaha pratidina ke kArya ke anubhava para AdhArita hai| kArmikI buddhi ke bAraha dRSTAntoM ke nAma -1. hairaNyaka (sonI), 2. kRSaka, 3. kolikajulAhA, 4. darvI-luhAra, 5. mauktika-maNihAra, 6. ghRta-ghI vAlA, 7. plavaka-naTa, tairAka, 8. tunnavAya-darjI, 9. varddhakI-bar3haI, 10. ApUpika-halavAI, 11. ghaTakAra-kuMbhAra aura 12. citrakAraciterA 03 dRSTAnta - ghar3e banAne meM catura kumhAra, pahale se utanI hI pramANa yukta miTTI uThA kara cAka para rakhatA hai ki jitane se ghar3A bana jaaye| yaha karmajA buddhi kA udAharaNa hai| 197. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 1, pR. 82 198. malayagiri pR. 159 199. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 944-945, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, svopajJa gAthA 3608-3609 200. Avazyakaniryakti gAthA 946 201. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, svopajJa gAthA 3610-3612, hAribhadrIya pR. 55, malayagiri pR. 164 202. dhavalA pu. 9, sU. 4.1.18 pR. 82 203. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 947, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, svopajJa gAthA 3616

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM matijJAna 4. pAriNAmikI jo buddhi, avasthA ke paripakva hone se puSTa huI hai, jisameM anumAnoM, hetuoM aura dRSTAntoM kA anubhava hai aura inake bala para apanA hita aura kalyANa sAdha sakatI hai, use 'pAriNAmikI buddhi' kahate haiM arthAt pariNAmoM se jo buddhi utpanna hotI hai, use 'pAriNAmikI buddhi' kahate haiM / svataH ke anumAna, anya logoM se sune hue tarka aura ghaTita hue tathA ghaTita ho rahe dRSTAntoM ke jJAna se pAriNAmikI buddhi sadhatI hai| jyoM-jyoM vaya meM paripAka AtA hai, tyoM-tyoM pAriNAmikI buddhi meM paripAka AtA hai| pAriNAmikI buddhi se kiye gaye kArya se ihaloka tathA paraloka meM hita hotA hai aura anta meM niHzreyasa (mokSa) kI upalabdhi hotI hai|204 jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra pariNAma jisakA prayojana hai, vaha pAraNAmika hai| pariNAma ke do artha kiye haiM - 1. mana se pUrva aura pazcAt artha kA ekAgratA pUrvaka ciMtana karanA 2. umra meM vRddhi hone se jo buddhi meM parikvatA AtI hai, vaha pariNAma hai / malayagiri ne prathama artha kA samarthana kiyA hai 1205 dhavalATIkA ke anusAra jAtivizeSa se utpanna huI buddhi pAriNAmiko hai / isalie autpatikI, vainayikI aura karmajA se bhinna buddhi kA aMtarbhAva pAriNAmika prajJA meM kiyA gayA hai| 206 pAriNAmikI buddhi ke 21 dRSTAntoM ke nAma - 1. abhayakumAra 2. seTha 3. kumAra 4. devI 5. uditodaya rAjA 6. sAdhu aura nandiSeNa 7. dhanadatta 8. zrAvaka 9 amAtya - maMtrI, 10. kSapaka 11. amAtyaputra (maMtrI putra) 12. cANakya 13. sthUlabhadra 14. nAsikarAja sundarInanda 15. vajra 16. calana Ahata 17. A~valA 18. maNi 19. sA~pa 20. khagI - geMDA aura 21. stupendra ityAdi pAriNAmikI buddhi ke udAharaNa haiM 1207 - dRSTAnta kisI kumhAra ne eka manuSya ko eka banAvaTI AMvalA bheMTa meM diyaa| vaha raMga-rUpa aura AkAra meM bilakula AMvale ke samAna thA / use lekara usa manuSya ne socA ki yaha raMga-rUpa meM to A~vale ke samAna dikhatA hai, kintu isakA sparza kaThora hotA hai tathA yaha AMvale phalane kI Rtu bhI nahIM hai| aisA soca kara usa AdamI ne samajha liyA ki yaha AMvalA asalI nahIM hai, kintu banAvaTI hai| isalie usane bheMTa ko khAI nahIM para pradarzana meM rkkhii| yaha usa puruSa kI pAriNAmikI buddhi thI / buddhi kA krama [149] Avazyakaniryukti, naMdI aura dhavalATIkA meM cAra buddhiyoM kA krama autpatikI, vainayikI, karmajA aura pAriNAmikI hai, jabaki tiloyapaNNati 208 meM autpatikI, pAriNAmikI, vainayikI aura karmajA kA krama diyA gayA hai| ina donoM kramoM meM se Avazyakiniryukti vAlA krama adhika tarkasaMgata pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki pAriNAmikI, karmajA, vainayikI aura autpatikI uttarottara sUkSma-sUkSmattara hai / naMdI meM ukta cAra buddhiyoM kA sambandha matijJAna ke sAtha batAyA hai, jabaki tiloyapaNNati 209 meM inakA sambandha zrutajJAna ke sAtha kiyA hai| kyoMki zrutajJAnAvaraNa aura vIryaMtarAya kA utkRSTa kSayopamazama hone para zramaNa Rddhi utpanna hotI hai, jisake autpatikI Adi cAra bheda haiN| dhavalA 210 meM prajJA ke autpatikI Adi cAra bheda kiye haiM / 204. Avazyakaniryukti gAthA 948 205. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, svopajJa gAthA 3617-3622, malayagiri pR. 144 207. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 949-951, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, svopajJa gAthA 3623-3625 208. tiloyapaNNati, gAthA 1019 210. dhavalA pu. 9, pR. 82 206. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 9 pR. 84 209. tiloyapaNNati, gAthA 1017

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[150] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana zrutanizrita matijJAna ke bheda Avazyakaniryukti, tattvArtha aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM matijJAna ke sAmAnyataH avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ina cAra bhedoM kA ullekha hai| jabaki naMdI meM ina cAra bhedoM aura inake prabhedoM kA zrutanizrita bhedoM ke rUpa meM ullekha hai / avagrahAdi kA sarvaprathama ullekha niyukti meM prApta hotA hai| isake bAda tattvArthasUtra meM inakA ullekha prApta hotA hai 212 prazna - naMdIsUtra meM to avagrahAdi cAra bheda zrutanizrita ke hI batAye haiM, lekina sthAnAMgasUtra 213 ke anusAra zrutanizrita aura azrutanizrita donoM ke avagrahAdi bheda kiye haiN| uttara - yadyapi matijJAna sambandhI pratyeka nirNaya avagrahAdi se hI hotA hai, tathApi nandIsUtra se zrutanizrita ke hI avagrahAdi bheda kiye haiM / isakA kAraNa indriya aura mana se grahaNa hone vAle viSayoM ko zrutarUpa mAnakara unake viSayoM ko grahaNa karane kA jo vyavasthita krama hai, usI ko vyaMjanAvagraha, arthAvagraha, IhA, apAya aura dhAraNA ke rUpa meM samajhAyA gayA hai| isa jJAna meM pUrva saMskAroM kA sahayoga rahatA hai| azrutanizrita aura cAroM buddhiyA~ viSaya grahaNa ke sAtha adhika sambandha nahIM rakhakara, vastusthiti kA gaharAI se anubhava, kAryapaTutA Adi ke sAtha sambandha rakhatI haiN| ataH unameM avagrahAdi zrutanizrita ke samAna spaSTa parilakSita nahIM hote haiN| ata: naMdIsUtra meM avagrahAdi bheda azrutanizrita ke nahIM kiye gaye haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra meM azrutanizrita bhI matijJAna kA bheda hone se tathA indriya aura mana se hI apane viSaya ko grahaNa karane vAlA hone se isameM bhI avagrahAdi bhedoM kA krama to ghaTita hotA hI hai, ataH sthAnAMgasUtra meM azrutanizrita ke bhI avagrahAdi bheda batAye gae haiM arthAt naMdIsUtra meM azrutanizrita ke avagrahAdi bhedoM kI mukhyatA nahIM hone se upekSita kara diyA gayA hai tathA sthAnAMgasUtra meM gauNa rUpa se hone para bhI unakA astitva to hai hI, isalie batAye gae haiN| "uggaha IhA'vAo ya, dhAraNA eva huMti cattAri / AbhiNibohiyanANassa, bheyavatthu samAseNaM / " isa gAthA meM saMkSepa meM matijJAna ke avagrahAdi cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM / isa prakAra zruta - azruta sabhI prakAra ke matijJAna ke avagrahAdi cAroM bheda svIkAra kie gaye haiM / sthAnAMgavRtti-14 meM azrutanizrita mati ke do prakAra batAye haiM- 1. zrotrendriyAdi se utpanna mati 2. autpAtikI Adi cAra buddhiyA~ | zrotrendriyAdi se utpanna azrutanizrita mati meM arthAvagraha aura vyaMjanAvagraha donoM hote haiN| jabaki autpAtikI Adi buddhiyoM se utpanna azrutanizrita mati meM kevala arthavAgraha hI hotA hai, kyoki vyaMjanAvagraha indriya Azrita hotA hai| cAra buddhiyoM kA jJAna mAnasa jJAna hai, isalie vahA~ vyaMjanAvagraha sambhava nahIM hai| isa taraha vyaMjanAvagraha kI alpatA, avyaktatA aura gauNatA ke AdhAra para hI arthAvagraha ko pahale aura vyaMjanavAgraha ko bAda meM rakhA gayA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM kevala avagraha kA hI ulekha kiyA hai| azrutanizrita meM IhA Adi kA ullekha nahIM hai, jinabhadragaNi ne yaha ullekha kisI graMtha ke AdhAra para kiyA yA svopajJa, kucha spaSTa nahIM hai / sthAnAMga meM zrutanizritaazrutanizrita bhedoM kA jo ullekha milatA hai, DaoN. haranArAyaNa paMDyA 15 kahate haiM ki sthAnAMga meM yaha bheda Avazyaniryukti ke kAla ke bAda hI Aye haiN| kyoMki prAcIna kAla se hI inakA ullekha sthAnAMgasUtra meM hotA to niyuktikAra bhI inakA ullekha karate / 211. Avazyakaniryukti, gAthA 2 213. sthAnAMgasUtra, sthA. 2. u. 1 pR. 36 214. sthAnAMgavRtti, sthA. 2, u. 1, sU. 71, pR. 60 212. tattvArthasUtra 1.15 215. jainasammata jJAnacarcA, pR. 82-83

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [151] vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa avagrahAdi ke svarUpa kA varNana karate hue kahate haiM - 'atthANaM uggahaNaM avaggahaM taha viyAlaNaM IhaM / vavasAyaM ca avAyaM dharaNaM puNa dhAraNaM beMti / ' arthAt padArtha ke grahaNa ko 'avagraha' kahate haiM, padArtha kI vicAraNA ko 'IhA' kahate haiM, padArtha ke vyavasAya ko 'avAya' kahate haiM aura padArtha ke nirNaya jJAna ke dhAraNa karane ko 'dhAraNA' kahate haiN| Age kI gAthA meM inakA svarUpa aura spaSTa kiyA gayA hai sAmAnya artha avagrahaNa (sAmAnya avagrahaNa) hai, avagraha ke bhedoM (vizeSoM) kI mArgaNA (anveSaNA) IhA hai, usI Ihita padArtha kA nizcayAtmaka avagama apAya hai, aura usI nirNayAtmaka jJAna kI avicchinna rUpa se sthiti dhAraNA kahI jAtI hai| 216 inakA se vistAra varNana bhASyakAra ke AdhAra para kramazaH kreNge| - jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne nandIcUrNi meM inakA svarUpa isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai| rUpAdi vizeSa se nirapekSa anirdezya sAmAnya kA grahaNa avagraha hai / avagRhIta artha kA vizeSa vicAra yA anveSaNa IhA hai| usa (Ihita) vizeSaNa viziSTa artha kA nirNaya honA avAya hai usa vizeSa rUpa se jJAta artha ko dhAraNa karanA usakI avicyuti honA dhAraNA kahA jAtA hai pUjyapAda, akalaMka Adi digambara dArzanika bhI avagraha ko choDakara IhA Adi kA isI prakAra se vivecana karate haiM / ve avagraha ke pahale 'darzana' kA honA mAnate haiN| unake mata meM viSaya aura viSayI (indriya) kA sannipAta (sannikarSa) hone para darzana hotA hai, usake pazcAt artha kA grahaNa avagraha kahalAtA hai / avagRhIta artha meM usase vizeSa jAnane kI AkAMkSA IhA hai| vizeSa ko jAna lene para yathAsvarUpa kA jJAna avAya kahalAtA hai tathA avAya dvArA jAne gae artha ko kAlAntara meM bhI na bhUlanA dhAraNA hai 218 avAyajJAna aura dhAraNAjJAna meM isa prakAra nizcayAtmakatA nirvivAda hai, kintu avagraha evaM IhA jJAna kI nizcayAtmakatA vivAda kA viSaya hai| zvetAmbara Agama-paramparA ke anuyAyI jinabhadragaNi Adi dArzanika avagraha aura IhAjJAna meM nizcayAtmakatA aMgIkAra nahIM karate haiM, kintu pramANazAstra ke anuyAyI akalaMka Adi digambara dArzanika tathA vAdidevasUri Adi kucha zvetAmbara dArzanika avagraha aura IhA jJAna ko pramANa batalAne ke lie unameM nizcayAtmakatA svIkAra karate haiM / avagraha kA svarUpa matijJAna ke cAra bhedoM meM se prathama bheda avagraha kA svarUpa nimna prakAra se hai - umAsvAti ne ullekha kiyA hai ki indriyoM se viSaya kA avyakta Alocana avagraha hai P10 pUjyapAda ke matAnusAra padArtha aura use viSaya karane vAlI indriyoM kA yogya deza meM saMyoga hone ke anantara padArtha kA sAmAnya pratibhAsarUpa 'darzana' hotA hai, usake anantara vastu kA jo prathama bodha hotA hai use avagraha kahate haiM / 220 jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra - 'atthANaM uggahaNaM avaggahaM' arthAt padArthoM kA avagrahaNa avagraha hai|221 216. vizezAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 179-180 217. nandisUtra (cUrNa), pR. 34 218. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva tattvArthavAlika a 1. sU. 15 219. tatrAvyaktaM yathAsvamindriyairviSayANAmAlocanAvadhAraNamavagrahaH / - tattvArthabhASya 1.15 220. viSaya-viSayisaMnipAtasamanantaramAdyaM grahaNamavagraha viSayaviSayisaMnipAte sati darzanaM bhavati / tadanantaramarthagrahaNamavagraha / sarvArthasiddhi, a. 1 sU. 15 pR. 111 221. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 179

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[152] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana naMdIsUtra ke kathanAnusAra zrotra Adi upakaraNa dravyoM ke sAtha zabdAdi pudgaloM kA sambandha honA aura zrotrAdi bhAva indriyoM ke dvArA zabdAdi pudgaloM ko avyakta rUpa meM jAnanA - ' avagraha' kahalAtA hai| 222 - jinadAsagaNi ne naMdIcUrNi meM kahA hai ki jo anirdezya sAmAnya mAtra rUpa Adi arthoM kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai arthAt jo nAma, jAti, vizeSya- vizeSaNa Adi kI kalpanA se rahita sAmAnyamAtra kA jJAna hotA hai, use avagraha kahate haiM vIrasena ke mantavyAnusAra viSaya va viSayI kA sambandha hone ke anantara jo prathama grahaNa hotA hai, vaha avagraha hai rasa Adi artha viSaya hai, pAMcoM indriyA~ evaM mana viSayI haiM, jJAnotpatti kI pUrvAvasthA viSaya va viSayI kA sambandha hai, jo darzana nAma se kahA jAtA hai| yaha darzana jJAnotpatti ke kAraNabhUta pariNAma vizeSa kI santati kI utpatti se upalakSita hokara antarmuhUrtta kAlasthAyI hai| isake bAda jo vastu kA prathama grahaNa hotA hai, vaha avagraha hai, yathA-cakSu ke dvArA 'yaha ghaTa hai, yaha paTa hai' aisA jJAna honA avagraha hai jahA~ ghaTAdi saMjJA ke binA rUpa, dizA, AkAra Adi viziSTa vastu mAtra jJAna ke dvArA anadhyavasAya rUpa se jAnI jAtI hai, vahA~ bhI avagraha hI hai, anavagRhIta artha meM IhAdi jJAno kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI hai| | kyoMki vAdidevasUri ke anusAra viSaya (padArtha) aura viSayI (cakSu Adi) kA yathocita deza meM sambandha hone para sattAmAtra ko jAnane vAlA darzana utpanna hotA hai| isake anantara sabase pahale, manuSyatva Adi avAntara sAmAnya se yukta vastu ko jAnane vAlA jJAna avagraha kahalAtA hai / viSaya arthAt ghaTa Adi padArtha, viSayI arthAt netra Adi jaba yogya deza meM milate haiM taba sarvaprathama darzanopayoga utpanna hotA hai| darzana sattA ko hI jAnatA hai| isake pazcAt upayoga kucha Age kI ora bar3hatA hai aura vaha manuSyatva Adi avAntarasAmAnyayukta vastu ko jAna letA hai| yaha avAntara sAmAnya yukta vastu arthAt manuSyatva Adi kA jJAna hI avagraha kahalAtA hai maladhArI hemacandra ke anusAra 1. jisameM rUpa, rasa Adi kA nirdeza na kiyA jA sake, jisakA svarUpa spaSTa na ho, usa sAmAnya mAtra artha kA grahaNa avagraha hai| 226 2. jo samasta vizeSoM ko apane andara sameTe hue hotA hai tathA kisI bhI rUpa se jo nirdiSTa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, aise sAmAnya (satmAtra) padArtha kA eka samaya meM jo grahaNa hotA hai vaha avagraha kahalAtA hai| 227 - - matAntara jinabhadragaNi ne matAntara kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki kucheka AcArya sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka padArtha kA jo avagrahaNa hai jaise 'yaha vaha hai' isa prakAra jo matijJAna hotA hai, use bhI avagraha kI zreNI meM mAnate haiM / isake pIche unakA tarka hai ki sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka grAhaka ke bAda 'yaha vaha hai' aisA vimarza rUpa matijJAna IhA rUpa hotA hai| IhA jJAna jisa jJAna ke bAda huA hai, vaha 222. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 182 223. iha sAmaNNassa rUvAdiasesavisesaniravekkhassa jaNisassa avagrahaNaM avagrahaH / - naMdIcUrNi pR. 56 224. viSayaviSayi........ ... IhAdyanutpatte / SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA TIkA), pu. 13, sU. 5.5.23, pR. 216-217 225. viSayaviSayi sannipAtAnantarasamudbhUtasattAmAtragocaradarzanAjjAtaM, AdyaM, avAntarasAmAnyAkAraviziSTavastugrahaNamavagrahaH vAdidevasUri pramANanayatattvaloka, sUtra 2.7 226. rUpa - rasAdibhaideranirdezyasyA'vyaktasvarUpasya sAmAnyArthasyA'vagrahaNaM paricchedanamavagrahaH / 227. maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti, gAthA 180, pR. 91 - maladhArI hemacandra, bRhadvRtti, gAthA 178, pR. 90

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [153] avagraha hI hai| jisa vimarza ke bAda yA to aMtima nirNaya ho jAe yA phira jJAna kA aisA kSayopazama ho ki IhA kI pravRtti nahIM ho to, vaha apAya hI hogaa| aisA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki sampUrNa AyukAla meM bhI apAya kI pravRtti nahIM ho pAegI, kyoMki ukta vimarza kI pravRtti kI koI kAla sImA nahIM hai| jisa padArtha se pahale IhA nahIM huI to usa zabda kA nizcaya jJAna mAnanA yuktiyukta nahIM hai, aura jisase pahale IhA pravRtta hotI hai, vaha avagraha nahIM hokara apAya hotA hai / 28 avagraha ke bheda aura unakA svarupa avagraha ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki indriya evaM padArtha kA sannikarSa hone ke pazcAt pahale nirvikalpa darzana hotA hai evaM phira jo padArtha kA sAmAnya evaM anirdezya grahaNa hotA hai, vaha avagraha kahalAtA hai| avagraha ke svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM jainAcAryoM ke nirUpaNa meM bhinnatA bhI prApta hotI hai| avagraha ke bheda - vyaMjana aura artha kA grAhaka hone ke kAraNa avagraha do prakAra kA hai - 1. vyaMjanAvagraha - artha aura indriya kA saMyoga honA vyaMjanAvagraha hai aura 2. arthAvagraha - indriya aura artha kA sambandha hone para nAma Adi kI vizeSa kalpanA se rahita sAmAnya mAtra kA jJAna avagraha hai| avagraha ke ina do bhedoM kA ullekha sarvaprathama naMdIsUtra meM milatA hai / 29 aisA hI ullekha jinabhadragaNi230 aura yazovijayajI31 ne bhI kiyA hai evaM digambara Agama SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM bhI avagraha ke inhIM do bhedoM kA nirUpaNa hai |32 zrotra Adi upakaraNa dravya indriyoM ke sAtha zabdAdi pudgaloM kA vyaMjana yAnI sambandha-saMyoga honA arthAt artha aura indriya kA saMyoga honA 'vyaMjanAvagraha' kahalAtA hai| yadyapi vyaMjanAvagraha ke dvArA jJAna nahIM hotA tathApi usake anta meM hone vAle arthAvagraha ke jJAnarUpa hone se, arthAt jJAna kA kAraNa hone se vyaMjanAvagraha bhI upacAra se jJAna mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra Agama-graMthoM meM avagraha ke naizcayika aura vyAvahArika evaM vizadAvagraha aura avizadAvagraha ye bheda bhI kiye gaye haiN| avagraha, IhA kA bhedAbheda, avagraha ke bhedoM ke svarUpa meM matabheda, avagraha aura darzana meM bhedAbhedatA, avagraha aura saMzaya meM antara, avagraha avAya meM antara, avagraha jJAna pramANa hai yA nahIM ityAdi viSayoM ke AdhAra para avagraha kA vizada varNana eka hI Agama athavA graMtha meM eka sAtha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| ataH avagraha ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie jijJAsuoM ko bhinna-bhinna Agama aura graMthoM kA avalokana karanA par3atA hai| isa samasyA ke samAdhAna ke lie sambaddha sAhitya kA samIkSaNa karake prastuta zodha meM unakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vyaMjanAvagraha kA svarUpa jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra - upakaraNendriya aura viSaya kA saMbaMdha vyaMjana kahalAtA hai| jisa prakAra dIpaka se ghaTa prakAzita hotA hai, usI prakAra jisase artha vyakta (prakaTa) hotA hai, vaha vyaMjanAvagraha hotA hai|233 228. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 181 229. uggahe duvihe paNNatte, taM jahA - atthuggahe ya vaMjaNuggahe y| - naMdIsUtra pR. 128 230. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 193, 336, rAjavArtika 1.19.31 231. "sa dvividhaH - vyaMjanAvagrahaH, arthaavgrhshc|" jainatarkabhASA, pR. 7 232. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA TIkA), pu. 1, sU. 1.1.115, pR. 354 233. vaMjijjai jeNattho ghaDo vva dIveNa vaMjaNaM taM c| uvgrnniNdiysddaaiprinnyddvvsNbNdho| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 194

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana maladhArI hemacandra kahate haiM ki indriya rUpa vyaMjana se zabdAdipariNata dravya ke sAtha vyaMjana rUpa sambandha kA avagrahaNa vyaMjanAvagraha hai 234 malayagiri ne naMdIvRtti meM ullekha kiyA hai ki upakaraNa indriya aura zabdAdi rUpa meM pariNata dravya kA saMbaMdha hone para prathama samaya se lekara arthAvagraha se pUrva kA jo avyakta jJAna hai, vaha vyaMjanAvagraha hai| yaha avyakta jJAna supta matta mUrcchita puruSa ke jJAna jaisA hotA hai 25 dhavalATIkA ke anusAra aprApta artha kA grahaNa arthAvagraha hai Pa [154] dRSTAMta dvArA vyaMjanAvagraha kA svarUpa mallaka kA dRSTAMta naMdIsUtra meM vyaMjanAvagraha ko mallaka ke dRSTAMta se samajhAyA gayA hai| eka puruSa ke pAsa eka mallaka (sakorA ) thA, jo tatkAla pakA huA hone ke kAraNa vaha atyanta uSNa aura rukSa thA / puruSa ne usameM jala kI eka bUnda DAlI, para vaha zakore kI uSNatA aura rukSatA se zoSita ho gyii| isa prakAra jala kI bUnheM DAlate hue sakore kI uSNatA aura rukSatA pUrI naSTa ho jAne para eka aisI jala-bUnda hogI, jo sakore meM zoSita nahIM hogI aura vaha sakore ko kucha gIlA kara degii| usake pazcAt bhI eka-eka jala- bUnda DAlate rahane para kaI jala- bUndoM se sakorA pUrA gIlA ho jaaegaa| usake bAda eka aisI bUnda hogI- jo sakore ke tala para astitva dhAraNa kiye hue tthhregii| usake pazcAt eka-eka jala- bUnda DAlate rahane para kaI jala-bRndoM se sakorA bhara jAegA aura usake bAda kI bUndeM sakore se bAhara nikalane lgegii| isI prakAra jo pUrvokta soe hue puruSa ko jagAne vAlA puruSa, jaba aneka zabda karatA hai aura ve zabda usa supta puruSa ke kAnoM meM praviSTa hote hote, jaba yogya zabda pudgaloM ke dvArA zrotrendriya kA vyaMjanAvagraha pUrA ho jAtA hai, taba usase agale samaya meM usa soye hue puruSa ko eka samaya kA arthAvagraha hotA hai, jisameM vaha zabda ko atyaMta avyakta rUpa meM jAnatA hai usase agale asaMkhya samaya meM use vyAvahArika arthAvagraha hotA hai, usase vaha 'koI zabda karatA hai' isa avyakta rUpa meM zabda ko jAnakara 'hu~kAra' karatA hai / parantu vaha spaSTa vyakta rUpa meM nahIM jAnatA ki 'yaha zabda kauna kara rahA hai ?' usa vyAvahArika arthAvagraha ke anantara vaha puruSa IhA Adi meM praveza karatA hai / 'zakore' ke samAna 'zrotrendriya' hai aura 'jala' ke samAna 'zabda' hai| jaise zakorA eka jala - bUnda se bhara nahIM pAtA, usake bharane meM saikar3oM jala - bUndeM cAhie, vaise hI zrotrendriya zakore ke samAna hone se usakA vyaMjanAvagraha eka samaya praviSTa zabda pudgaloM se pUrA nahIM ho jaataa| use pUrA hone meM asaMkhya samaya caahie| jinabhadragaNi ne uparyukta dRSTAMta kA vizeSa ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, lekina maladhArI hemacandra ne bRhadvRtti237 meM vyaMjanAvagraha ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karane ke lie isI dRSTAMta kA ullekha naMdI kI TIkA ke anusAra hI kiyA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra vyaMjana ke artha jisake dvArA artha vyakta kiyA jAya vaha 'vyaMjana' kahalAtA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne vyaMjana ke tIna artha kiye haiM, ve kahate haiM ki naMdIsUtra meM jala kA sikorA (mallaka) jala bindu se pUrita hote hue 235. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti pR. 169 234. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 194 kI TIkA, pR. 98 236. prAptArthagrahaNaM vyaMjanAvagrahaH / dhavalA pu. 13, sU. 5.5.24, pR. 220 237. vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI gAthA 249 kI bRhadvRtti

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [155] bhara jAtA hai, vaise hI zrotrendriya jaba vyaMjana se pUrNa ho jAtI hai|' aisA kahA hai to yahA~ 'vyaMjana' kA artha dravya yA indriya yA indriya va dravya kA saMyoga hai, na ki vyaMjanAvagraha 38 usI kA anukaraNa karake maladhArI hemacandra ne bhI vyaMjana ke tIna artha kiye haiM - 1. upakaraNa indriya aura zabdAdi pariNata dravya ina donoM kA paraspara jo sambandha hai, vaha upakaraNendriya-zabdAdipariNatadravya sambandha hai, vaha vyaMjana kahalAtA hai| 2. iMdriyoM ke dvArA artha abhivyakta hotA hai, isalie vaha bhI vyaMjana hai aura 3. jo vyakta kiyA jAtA hai, use bhI vyaMjana kahate haiM arthAt iMdriya-viSaya sambandha, indriyAM, zabdAdiviSaya ina tInoM ko vyaMjana kahA jAtA hai 239 vyaMjana ke tIna arthoM kA anya AcAryoM ke dvArA samarthana 1. dravya - tattvArthasUtra meM 'vyaMjanasya avagrahaH' zabda vyaMjana kA dravyaparaka artha prakaTa karatA hai| isakA samarthana pUjyapAda, akalaMka Adi AcAryoM ne kiyA hai| yazovijayajI ke anusAra zabda Adi ke rUpa meM pariNata pudgala dravyoM kA samUha bhI vyaMjana kahalAtA hai| yaha prathama artha taba ghaTita hotA hai, jaba pudgala dravya pramANopeta hokara apane viSaya ke pratibodha meM samartha bana jAte haiN|40 2. indriya - naMdIsUtra meM jo mallaka dRSTAnta meM prayukta vaMjaNaM pUritaM hoti zabda vyaMjana kA indriyaparaka artha prakaTa karatA hai, naMdI TIkAkAroM ne bhI aisA ullekha kiyA hai| yazovijayajI ke anusAra kadamba ke phUla tathA golaka Adi Abhyantara nirvRtti rUpa indriyoM ke zabda Adi viSayoM ko grahaNa karane kI kAraNa bhUta zakti, jise upakaraNendriya kahate haiM, 'vyaMjana' kahalAtI hai| yaha dUsarA artha ghaTita hotA hai, jaba pudgaloM se dravyendriya paripUrNa ho jAtA hai|241 3. dravya aura indriya sambandha - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki jaise dIpaka se ghaTa abhivyakta hotA hai, vaise hI jisase artha abhivyakta hotA hai, vaha vyaMjana hai 42 yazovijayajI ke anusAra upakaraNendriya aura viSaya kA saMbaMdha bhI vyaMjana kahalAtA hai| ataeva vyaMjana (upakaraNendriya) ke dvArA vyaMjana (viSaya) kA grahaNa honA vyaMjanAvagraha hai| vyaMjanAvagraha meM madhyamapadalopI samAsa hai, arthAt 'vyaMjana-vyaMjanAvagraha' meM se bIca ke 'vyaMjana' pada kA lopa ho gayA hai 43 isa tIsarI avasthA meM jaba pudgala dravyendriya ke aMgabhUta bana jAte haiM aura pudgala dravyendriya se tAdAtma sthApita kara lete haiM arthAt pudgala indriya ko pUrNa kara dete haiM, indriya apane viSaya ke pratibodha ke lie una pudgaloM ko grahaNa kara letI hai| isase pudgala aura indriya donoM ke sahayoga se jJAna hotA hai| jinadAsagaNi, haribhadra, malayagiri aura yazovijayajI ne tInoM hI arthoM kA samarthana kiyA hai 44 vyaMjanAvagraha ke sambandha meM do mAnyatAeM 1. pUjyapAda Adi AcArya avyakta zabdAdi ke grahaNa ko vyaMjanAvagraha mAnate haiM 45 kyoMki darzana ke bAda zabda kA avyakta grahaNa hai| 238. toeNa mallagaM piva vaMjaNamApUriyaM ti jaM bhaNiyaM / taM davvamiMdiyaM vA tassaMjogo va na viruddhaM / -vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 250 239. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 194 tathA 250 kI TIkA, pR. 98, 126 240. tattvArthasUtra 1.18, sarvArthasiddhi 1.18, rAjavArtika 1.18, jainatarkabhASA, pRSTha 7 241. naMdIcUrNi pR. 63, hAribhadrIya pR. 66, malayagiri pR. 180, jainatarkabhASA, pRSTha 7 242. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 194 243. maladhArI hemacandra gAthA 194 kI TIkA, jainatarkabhASA, pRSTha 7 244. naMdIcUrNi pR. 56, 63, hAribhadrIya pR. 56, 66, malayagiri 168, 180, jainatarkabhASA pR. 7 245. 'vyaMjanamavyaktaM zabdAdijAtaM tasyAvagraho bhavati' sarvArthasiddhi 1.18, tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.18

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[156] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 2. jinabhadragaNi Adi AcArya dravya aura indriya ke saMyoga ko vyaMjanAvagraha mAnate haiM 246 arthAt zabda dravya aura karNendriya ke saMyoga ko vyaMjanAvagraha kahate haiM / viSaya (dravya) aura indriya kA saMyoga hI vyaMjanAvagraha hai ataH vyaMjanAvagraha ke pahale darzana kA avakAza nahIM rahatA hai| isa prakAra uparyukta donoM mAnyatAoM meM AMzika antara hai| pUjyapAda ke anusAra viSaya aura viSayI kA sannipAta hone para darzana hotA hai, usake pazcAt jo padArtha kA grahaNa hotA hai, vaha avagraha kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra akalaMka, hemacandra Adi AcAryoM ne eka ora to avagraha ke pahale darzana honA svIkAra kiyA hai tathA 248 usake bAda vyaMjanAvagraha ko avyakta rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / 249 jabaki dUsarI ora ve cakSu aura mana ko chor3akara zeSa cAra prApyakArI indriyoM se hI vyaMjanAvagraha honA svIkAra karate haiN|250 isa prakAra ina donoM kathanoM meM visaMgati hai| kyoMki darzana ke bAda tathA arthAvagraha se pahale vyaMjanAvagraha hotA hai / lekina vyaMjanAvagraha hone se pahale hI arthAt darzana ke samaya hI viSaya aura indriya kA saMyoga ho cukA hai| isalie vyaMjanAvagraha ke samaya viSaya aura indriya kA saMyoga nahIM hotA hai, aisA svIkAra karanA hI pddegaa| isa vyavasthA ke anusAra mana sahita chahoM indriyoM se vyaMjanAvagraha honA saMbhava hai, kyoMki chahoM indriyoM ke arthAvagraha se pahale darzana kA honA svIkRta hai tathA darzana aura arthAvagraha ke bIca meM vyaMjanAvagraha hotA hai| vyaMjanAvagraha meM viSaya aura indriya saMyoga nahIM hone se indriyoM kA prApya - aprApyakAritva ke sAtha saMbandha nahIM rahatA hai| ataH vyaMjanAvagraha ke cAra bhedoM kI saMgati ke lie jo prApyakArI kA tarka diyA hai, vaha saMgata nahIM rahatA hai pht jinabhadragaNi aura yazovijaya ne darzana, AlocanA aura avagraha ko abhinna svIkAra karake isa visaMgati ko dUra kiyA hai tathA avagraha ko anAkAra rUpa mAnA hai aura avagraha ke pUrva alocana ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| 255 ataH isake sArAMza meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki inake matAnusAra darzana aura avagraha ekarUpa haiN| maladhArI hemacandrasUri bRhadvRtti meM Alocana ko arthAvagraha rUpa mAnate haiM, lekina darzana ke bAda avagraha ko bhI svIkAra karate haiM / 256 dhavalATIkA meM eka ora to arthagrahaNa ko vyaMjanAvagraha mAnakara jinabhadragaNi kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai tathA dUsarI ora avagraha se pahale darzana svIkAra karake pUjyapAda kA bhI samarthana kiyA gayA hai 258 ataH isa prakAra vIrasena svAmI ne donoM matoM kA samarthana kiyA hai| 246. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 194, naMdIcUrNi pR. 57, hAribhadrIya pR. 57, malayagiri pR. 169, jainatarkabhASA pR. 7 247. viSayaviSayisaMnipAte sati darzanaM bhavati / tadanantaramarthagrahaNamavagrahaH / sarvArthasiddhi 1.15 pR. 79 248. rAjavArtika 1.15.1, dhavalA pu. 13, sU. 5.5.23 pR. 216, pramANamImAMsA 1.1.26 249. sarvArthasiddhi 1.18 pR. 83, rAjavArtika 1.18.1 250. sarvArthasiddhi 1.19, rAjavArtika 1.19.1, dhavalA pu. 13, sU. 5.5.26 pR. 225 251. tattvArthasUtra 1.19, sarvArthasiddhi 1.19, rAjavArtika 1.19.1, dhavalA pu. 13, sU. 5.5.26 pR. 225 252. sarvArthasiddhi 1.18-19, rAjavArtika 1.19.1, dhavalA pu. 13, sU. 5.5.26 pR. 225 253. 'avagrahasyAnAkAropayogAntarbhAvAt ... ' vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 262 kI TIkA 254. 'arthAvagrahe'vyaktazabdazravaNasyaiva sUtre nirdezAt, avyaktasya ca sAmAnyarUpatvAdanAkAropayogarUpasya cAsya tanmAtraviSayAtvAt / ' * jainatarkabhASA pR. 13 255. vizeSAvazyakabhASya 273-279, jainatarkabhASA 14-15 256 tasmAdarthAvagraha eva sAmAnyArthagrAhakaH, na punaretasmAdaparamAlocanAjJAnam (gAthA 277 kI TokA) arthAnAM rUpAdInAM prathamaM darzanAnantaramevA'vagrahaNamavagrahaM bruvata iti sambandha / maladhArI hemacandra gAthA 179 kI TIkA 257. dhavalA pu. 13, sU. 5.5.24, pR. 220 258. dhavalA pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.23 pR. 216

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [157] samIkSA - isa prakAra jinabhadragaNi kA mata adhika puSTa pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki jo saiddhAntika bAdhA pUjyapAda ke mata ko svIkAra karane para prApta hotI hai, jinabhadragaNi ke mata meM usakA avakAza nahIM rahatA hai| ata: vyaMjanAvagraha aura darzana eka hI rUpa mAna sakate haiN| vyaMjanAvagraha kA viSaya evaM bheda indriya ke viSaya aura indriya kA jo paraspara samparka (sambandha) hotA hai, vaha vyaMjanAvagraha kA viSaya hai| yaha viSaya zrotra Adi jo cAra indriyA prApyakArI haiM, unake sAtha hI ghaTita hotA hai, cakSu aura mana ke sAtha nahIM, kyoMki yaha donoM aprApyakArI haiN| isakA vistAra se varNana dvitIya adhyAya meM kara diyA gayA hai| kyoMki bhAva cakSuindriya aura bhAva mana, rUpa Adi ko unake cakSu upakaraNa rUpa dravya indriya aura dravyamana ke sAtha sambandha hue binA hI jAnate haiM, ataeva cakSu indriya kA aura mana kA vyaMjanAvagraha nahIM hotA hai| isalie vyaMjanAvagraha ke cAra bheda hote haiM, yathA 1. zrotrendriya vyaMjanAvagraha, 2. ghrANendriya vyaMjanAvagraha, 3. jihvendriya vyaMjanAvagraha tathA 4. sparzanendriya vyaMjanAvagraha arthAt 1. zrotra 2. ghrANa 3. jihvA aura 4. sparzana, ye cAra bhAva indriyA~ hI zabdAdi padArthoM ko zrotra Adi upakaraNa dravya indriya ke sAtha sambandha hone para jAnatI haiN| ataeva ina cAra indriyoM kA hI vyaMjanAvagraha kahA hai| arthAvagraha kA svarUpa arthAvagraha ke svarUpa kA nirdeza karate hue jinabhadra vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kahate haiM -vyaMjanAvagraha ke carama samaya meM arthAvagraha hotA hai aura vaha arthAvagraha sAmAnya, anirdezya evaM svarUpa nAma Adi kI kalpanA se rahita hotA hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM arthAvagraha kI spaSTa paribhASA prApta nahIM hotI hai 60 naMdIsUtra ke anusAra - zrotra Adi upakaraNa dravyendriyoM ke nimitta se zrotra Adi bhAvendriyoM ke dvArA zabdAdi rUpI padArthoM ko avyakta rUpa meM jAnanA 'arthAvagraha' hai| jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra - jaba vyaMjanAvagraha meM zrotra Adi indriyA~ zabda Adi dravyoM se ApUrita hotI haiM, taba dravya aura indriya kA paraspara saMsarga hotA hai, usa saMsarga ke pazcAt sAmAnya, anirdezya (anabhilApya) tathA svarUpa, nAma, jAti Adi kI kalpanA se rahita artha kA grahaNa honA arthAvagraha hai|62 isa padArtha kA nAma kyA hai, isa padArtha kI jAti kyA hai, isa padArtha kA guNa kyA hai, ityAdi jJAna jisameM vyakta na ho, aisI mandatama jJAna mAtrA ko 'avyakta jJAna' kahate haiN| arthAvagraha meM mAtra aisA avyakta jJAna hI hotA hai,263 kyoMki arthAvagraha kA kAla eka samaya hI hai aura eka samaya meM nAma, jAti, guNa, kriyA Adi kA vyakta jJAna chadmasthoM ko saMbhava nahIM ho sktaa| avyakta ke tIna artha hote haiM, anirdezya, sAmAnya, vikalpa se rahita 64 maladhArI hemacandra TIkA meM bhI yahI artha kiye gae haiM265 aise hI bheda naMdIcUrNi meM bhI prApta hote haiM 66 haribhadra, malayagiri aura yazovijaya Adi ne isakA samarthana kiyA hai / 267 259. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 183, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 204 260. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 3, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 178, naMdIsUtra, pR. 136 261. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 183 262. davvaM mANaM pUriyamiMdiyamApUriyaM tahA donnhN| avaropparasaMsaggo jayA tayA giNhai tmtthN| sAmannamaNiddesaM sruup-naamaaikppnnaarhiyN| jai evaM jaM teNaM gahie sadde tti taM kiha nnu|-vishessaavshykbhaassy, gAthA 251-252 263. sAmAnyamanirdezya svruup-naam-jaati-drvy-gunn-kriyaaviklpvimukhmnaakhyeymityrthH| -vizeSAvazyakabhASya svopajJa gAthA 251, bhASya gAthA 252 264. avvattamaNiddesaM, sAmaNNaM kppnnaarhiyN| -vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 262 265. svarUpa-nAmAdikalpanArahitam, Adi shbdaajjaati-kriyaa-gunn-drvyprigrhH| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 252 kI TIkA 266, jatA avvattamaNiddesaM sAmaNNaM vikapparahiyaM ti bhnnnnti| - naMdIcUrNi pR. 63 267. hAribhadrIya pR. 66, malayagiri pR. 168, jainatarkabhASA pR. 12

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[158] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana pUjyapAda Adi AcAryoM ke anusAra jo sAmAnya se grahaNa kare vaha arthAvagraha hai| dhavalATIkA ke anusAra aprApta artha kA grahaNa arthAvagraha hai|69 yazovijayajI ke kathanAnusAra - 1. 'avvattaM sadaM suNei' arthAt koI avyakta zabda sunatA hai, yaha arthAvagraha hai| yahA~ avyakta kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki arthAvagraha meM jJeya padArtha kA nizcaya nahIM hotA hai | 2. "svarUpajAtikriyAguNadravyakalpanArahitaM sAmAnyagrahaNam arthAvagrahaH''271 arthAt svarUpa, nAma, jAti, kriyA, guNa aura dravya kI kalpanA (zabdollekhayogya pratIti) se rahita sAmAnya kI upalabdhi arthAvagraha hai| arthAvagraha meM prayukta 'artha' zabda kA artha do prakAra se kiyA gayA hai - 1. pUjyapAda ke anusAra 'iyarti paryAyAMstairvAryata ityartho dravyam' arthAt jo paryAyoM ko prApta hotA hai yA paryAyoM ke dvArA jo prApta kiyA jAtA hai, ve artha hai| isakI vyutpatti ke anusAra artha zabda 'Rgatau' dhAtu se banA hai| isakA samarthana haribhadra aura akalaMka ne bhI kiyA hai|73 ataH artha aisI dravyaparyAtmaka vastu hai-74 jisake rUpa275 Adi cakSurAdi indriya ke viSaya banate haiN| isase naiyAyika Adi kA mAnanA hai ki rUpAdi guNoM kA hI iMdriyoM se sannikarSa hotA hai, rUpAdi guNoM se yukta padArthoM se nhiiN| ukta artha se isakA khaNDana ho jAtA hai| ataH cakSu Adi indriyAM rUpa Adi guNoM se yukta padArthoM ko grahaNa karatI haiM, rUpAdi guNoM ko nhiiN| __ 2 malayagiri ke anusAra 'arthyate ityarthaH' ke anusAra 'artha upayAJcAyAm' dhAtu se banA hai|76 jisakA tAtparya hai ki jisakI yAcanA kI jAtI hai athavA jisako cAhA jAtA hai, vaha artha hai| yaha artha bhI padArtha kA hI vAcaka hai| arthAvagraha ke bheda avagraha ke tattvArthasUtra meM bahu-abahu, bahuvidha-abahuvidha, kSipra-akSipra, anizrita-nizrita, nizcita-anizcita, dhruva-adhruva ina bAraha bheda kie gae haiM, kintu ina bhedoM kI eka samaya kI sthiti vAle avagraha ke sAtha saMgati nahIM baiThatI hai| isalie jinabhadragaNi ne avagraha ke do bheda kie haiM - naizcayika aura saaNvyvhaarik| avyakta sAmAnya mAtra grahaNa karane vAlA avagraha naizcayika avagraha hai| isakA kAlamAna eka samaya hai| apAya ke pazcAt uttarottara paryAya kA jJAna karane ke lie jo avagraha hotA hai, vaha sAMvyavahArika avagraha hai| dUsarA sAMvyavahArika avagraha vizeSagrAhI hai, kyoMki yadi 'zabda' aisA jo zruta meM kahA gayA hai, use yadi vikalpa (vivakSA) kI apekSA se vizeSa vijJAna ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA jAya, to vaha sArA kathana sAMvyavahArika arthAvagraha ko svIkAra karane para sahI hogaa| sAtha hI kSiprAdi ko bhedoM sAMvyavahArika avagraha ke bheda svIkAra karanA caahie| kyoMki asaMkhyAta samaya meM inake niSpanna hone se isameM kSipra yA cira grahaNa kA honA saMgata ho sakatA hai aura vizeSa grAhaka hone se bahu-bahuvidha Adi ke grahaNa kI bhI saMgati hogI, isalie sAMvyavahArika 268. savArthasiddhi 1.17, hAribhadrIya pR. 57, malayagiri pR. 185 269. apraaptaarthgrhnnmrthaavgrhH| - dhavalA pu. 13, sU. 5.5.24, pR. 220 270. jJAnabinduprakaraNam pR. 10 271. jainatarkabhASA, pR. 12 272. sarvArthasiddhi sU. 1.17 273. rAjavArtika 1.17.1, hAribhadrIya pR. 69 274. sarvArthasiddhi sa. 1.17. rAjavArtika 1.17.1, pramANamImAMsA 1.1.26 275. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 179, dhavalA pu. 13, sU. 5.5.23, pR. 216 276. malayagiri pR. 168

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [159] arthAvagraha kA bheda ucita hai yazovijayajI ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai 78 naizcayika avagraha sAmAnya arthAvagraha hI hai| sAMvyavahArika avagraha kI bhinnatA kA kAraNa eka bAra artha-avagraha ke pazcAt IhA aura avAya ho jAte haiM, usake pazcAt bhI yadi naI IhA jage, to usa naI IhA kI apekSA pichale avAya meM avagraha kA upacAra karake use vyavahAra meM avagraha mAnate haiN| 'IhA ke pahale jo hotA hai, vaha avagraha hotA hai|' isa apekSA se naI IhA ke pUrvavartI avAya meM avagraha kA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai| yadi usa dUsarI IhA ke pazcAt avAya hokara tIsarI IhA aura bhI jage, to vaha dUsarA avAya bhI tIsarI IhA kI apekSA se upacAra karake avagraha mAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra jisa avAya ke pazcAt naI IhA jage, use upacAra se vyavahAra meM avagraha mAnate haiN| jisa avAya ke pazcAt naI IhA nahIM jagatI, use avAya hI mAnate haiN| kahane kA tAtparya hai ki naizcayika arthAvagraha ke pazcAt IhA dvArA vastu-vizeSa kA jo apAya jJAna hotA hai vaha punaH hone vAlI IhA evaM apAya kI apekSA se upacarita arthAvagraha kahalAtA hai| apAya jJAna bhI vizeSa kA AkAMkSI hotA hai| vizeSa ke jJAna kI AkAMkSA ke kAraNa vaha apAyajJAna sAmAnya ko grahaNa karatA hai| sAmAnya ko grahaNa karane ke kAraNa vaha (apAya) arthAvagraha mAnA jAtA hai| tabhI sAmAnya evaM vizeSa kA vyavahAra sApekSa hotA hai| avAntara vizeSa kI apekSA se pUrva apAyajJAna bhI isa prakAra sAmAnyagrAhI hone ke kAraNa arthAvagraha hotA hai| yaha upacarita arthAvagraha kahalAtA hai| jaise kisI zabda pudgala kA zravaNa hone para IhA aura avAya hokara jaba yaha nirNaya ho jAye ki 'maiMne jise jAnA hai, vaha zabda hI hai, rUpAdi nhiiN|' yadi usake pazcAt yaha jijJAsA utpanna ho ki 'vaha zabda kisakA hai?' zaMkha kA yA dhanuSya kA? to isa jijJAsA kI apekSA pUrva kA vaha nirNaya upacAra se vyavahAra meM avagraha mAnA jAtA hai| yadi isakA bhI nirNaya ho jAye ki 'yaha zaMkha kA hI zabda hai dhanuSya kA nahIM' aura phira yaha jijJAsA utpanna ho ki 'yaha zaMkha kA zabda, navayuvaka ne bajAyA hai yA vRddha ne?' to isa jijJAsA kI apekSA pUrva kA dUsarA nirNaya bhI upacAra se vyavahAra meM avagraha mAnA jAtA hai| isa apekSA se naMdIcUrNi meM bhI avagraha ke tIna bheda mAne haiM - vyaMjanAvagraha, sAmAnya arthAvagraha aura vizeSa sAmAnya arthaavgrh|280 dhavalA meM avagraha ke vizadAvagraha aura avizadAvagraha ye do bheda batAye haiN| vizadAvagraha nirNayAtmaka hotA huA IhA, avAya evaM dhAraNA jJAna kI utpatti meM kAraNa banatA hai| vaha avagraha nirNaya rUpa hotA huA bhI IhA, avAya Adi nirNayAtmaka jJAnoM se pRthak hotA hai| avizadAvagraha kisI puruSa kI bhASA, AyuSya, rUpAdi vizeSoM kA grahaNa kie binA puruSa mAtra (sAmAnya) kA grahaNa karane vAlA tathA aniyama se IhA Adi kI utpatti meM kAraNa hai|1 dhavalA kA avizadAvagraha naizcayika ke samAna aura vizadAvagraha sAMvyavahArika ke samAna hai| 277. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 285-288 278. athavA avagraho dvividha:- naizcayika: vyAvahArikazcaH""jainatarkabhASA" pRSTha 16 279, jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' gAthA 282-284 280. so u uggaho tiviho-visesAvaggaho sAmaNNatthAvaggaho visesasAmaNNatthAvaggaho y| - naMdIcUrNi, pR. 58 281. tatra vizado nirNayarUpaH aniyamenehAvAya-dhAraNApratyayotpattinibandhanaH / tatra avizadAvagraho nAma avagRhItabhASAvayorUpAdivizeSa: gRhItavyavahAranibandhanapuruSamAtrasatvAdivizeSa: aniymenehaadytpttihetuH| SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA), pu. 9, sU. 4.1.45, pR.145

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[160] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana arthAvagraha ke chaha prakAra 1. zrotrendriya arthAvagraha 2. cakSurindriya arthAvagraha 3. ghrANendriya arthAvagraha, 4. jihvendriya arthAvagraha 5. sparzanendriya arthAvagraha tathA 6. anindriya arthAvagraha 282 isa prakAra arthAvagraha ke chaha prakAra hote haiM, kyoMki yaha sabhI indriyoM (pAMca jJAnendriyoM aura mana) se hotA hai| aprApyakArI cakSu evaM mana se bhI arthAvagraha hotA hai, yaha tAtparya hai| vyaMjanAvagraha cakSu aura mana se nahIM hotA hai tathA arthAvagraha sabhI indriyoM se hotA hai| cakSurindriya kA arthAvagraha - pUrvapakSa - jisa prakAra cakSurindriya aura mana kA vyaMjanAvagraha nahIM hotA hai, vaise arthAvagraha bhI nahIM honA cAhie thA? uttarapakSa - pUjyapAda Adi ke dvArA diye gaye udAharaNa ke anusAra koI manuSya dUra rahe hae bAdala ko dekhatA hai taba usake viSaya aura viSayI kA saMnipAta ho ne para usako prathama darzana hotA hai aura bAda meM 'yaha zukla rUpa hai' aisA jo bodha hotA hai vaha cakSurindriya arthAvagraha hai| mana ke arthAvagraha ke sambandha meM malayigira kahate haiM ki jIva ke manana kA vyApAra bhAvamana hai, jabaki manoyogya pariNata dravya dravyamana hai| jJAna paryAya meM bhAva mana hI abhipreta hai, bhAvamana se dravya mana kA apane Apa grahaNa ho jAtA hai 784 upakaraNendriya kI sahAyatA ke binA ghaTAdi artha kA anirdezya ciMtanabodha mana kA arthAvagraha hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM arthAvagraha ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM prApta matAntara aura unakA nirAkaraNa - prathama matAntara - katipaya AcArya naMdIsUtra ke 'teNaM sadde tti uggahie' isa pATha ke AdhAra para avagraha meM vizeSa grahaNa ko svIkAra karate haiN| jinabhadragaNi kA samAdhAna - jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki jaba zabdAdi dravya kA pramANa prakRSTatA ko prApta karale aura jaba indiya una zabdAdi se pUrita ho jAe aura donoM (dravya aura indriya) kA paraspara samyak sambandha ho jAe taba jIva huMkAra bharatA hai' isa prakAra arthAvagraha to eka samaya kI sthiti vAlA aura isase pUrva zabda dravya ke pravezAdi kA antarmuhUrtakAla taka hogA vyaMjanAvagraha hai| isa prakAra eka samayavartI arthAvagraha meM gRhIta vastu kA svarUpa sAmAnya, anirdezya, nAma, jAti Adi kI kalpanA se rahita hotA hai, vizeSa rUpa se nhiiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki yadi arthAvagraha meM vizeSa jJAna sahita zabda grahaNa karanA mAnate haiM to vaha arthAvagraha rUpa nahIM hokara avAya rUpa ho jAegA 285 yadi aisA svIkAra kiyA jAye ki prathama samaya meM hI 'yaha zabda hai' aisA jJAna avagraha rUpa hai, kyoMki yaha sAmAnya jJAna hai to jinabhadragaNi isakA pratyuttara dete hue kahate haiM zabdabuddhi mAtra jJAna ke nizcayAtmaka hone se 'avAya' jJAna hai| yaha zabda hai', 'azabda nahIM hai kyoMki vaha rUpAdi nahIM hai, ataH aisA jJAna 'vizeSa jJAna' hai jo ki apAya rUpa hai aura aisA mAnane se avagraha ke lopa kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai| yadi alpa vizeSa kA grahaNa hotA hai, to vaha apAya rUpa nahIM ho kara avagraha rUpa hI hotA hai| yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki alpa vizeSagrAhI hone se alpa hI hai| ataH vaha apAya 282. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 183 283. sarvArthasiddhi 1.15, rAjAvArtika 1.15.1,13 284. naMdIcUrNi pR. 41, hAribhadrIya pR. 48, rAjavArtika 1.15.3, dhavalA pu. 13, sU. 5.5.23, pR. 218, pramANamImAMsa 1.1.25, malayigiri pR. 168, jainatarkabhASA pR.5 285. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 251-253

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tRtIya adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [161] nahIM hogA to uttarottara vizeSagrAhI jJAnoM ke bhI unake uttarottara bhedoM kI apekSA se alpa ( stoka) hone se, unameM apAya kA abhAva ho jAeMgA tathA IhA ke binA avAya nahIM ho sakatA hai, avagraha ke binA IhA nahIM ho sakatI hai, ataH 'sAmAnya' kA grahaNa kAla honA cAhie aura vaha kAla arthAvagraha se pUrva kA honA caahie| lekina usa sAmAnya grahaNa kAla se pahale vyaMjanakAla hotA hai, jo ki sAmAnya aura vizeSa se rahita hotA hai| ataH Apako sAmAnya grahaNa kAla rUpa arthAvagraha ko svIkAra karanA hI hogaa| kyoMki sAmAnya ke grahaNa hone para hI vizeSa kA grahaNa hotA hai 287 jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki eka samayavartI arthAvagraha ke kAla meM 'zabda' yaha vizeSaNa upayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki zabda nizcaya kA kAla antarmuhUrtta mAnA gayA hai| vyaMjanAvagraha meM hone vAlA jJAna avyakta rUpa hotA hai aura avyakta jJAna meM 'yaha zabda hai' aisA nizcayAtmaka jJAna saMbhava nahIM hai| arthAvagraha meM aise avyakta viSayoM kA grahaNa hI iSTa hai tathA arthAvagraha meM to avyakta (aspaSTa) zabda kA zravaNa honA hI sUtra meM kahA gayA hai / avyakta vastu sAmAnya rUpa hI hotI hai aura nirAkAra upayoga sAmAnya ko hI viSaya karatA hai, agara vyaMjanAvagraha meM hI avyakta zabda kA grahaNa mAna liyA jAe to vaha arthAvagraha ho jAegA, kyoMki usane artha (sAmAnya) kA grahaNa kiyA hai| isalie vyaMjanAvagraha meM sAmAnya vizeSa se rahita sambandha mAtra hotA hai, aisA hI mAnanA ucita hai / 288 arthAvagraha ke kAla meM artha kA grahaNa, IhA aura apAya sambhava nahIM hai| isalie arthAvagraha meM 'yaha zabda hai' aisI vizeSa buddhi nahIM hotI hai| kyoMki jahA~ vizeSa buddhi hai vahA~ apAya hI hogA, arthAvagraha, IhA nhiiN| isase ina donoM kA abhAva ho jaaegaa| yadi arthAvagraha meM vizeSa buddhi mAneMge to sAmAnya grahaNa, usameM avidyamAna sAmAnya dharmoM kI IhA, phira heya dharmoM kA tyAga aura upAdeya dharmo kA grahaNa yaha sArA kArya eka samayavartI avagraha meM sambhava nahIM hai| arthAvagraha ko Agama jo ekasamayavartI meM batAyA hai, usake sAtha virodha aaegaa| 289 dUsarA matAntara - kucheka AcAryoM kA mAnanA hai ki anirdezya sAmAnya (saMketAdi vikalpa se rahita) jJAna sadyojAta (tatkAla janmA) bAlaka ko hotA hai, kintu jo viSayoM (padArthoM) se paricita haiM, unako to prathama samaya meM hI vizeSa jJAna hotA hai| jinabhadragaNi kA samAdhAna isa prakAra to viSaya se adhika paricita vyakti ko prathama samaya meM hI 'yaha zaMkha kA zabda hai' ityAdi avAya jJAna bhI ho jaaegaa| yadi prathama samaya meM vizeSa jJAna kA honA mAnA jAya to arthAvagraha ke eka samaya taka hone kI bAta khaNDita ho jAtI hai, jo ki Agamaviruddha hai, kyoMki vizeSajJAna asaMkhya samaya vAlA hotA hai| isase eka samaya meM hI aneka upayogoM kA prasaMga upasthita hogA, lekina puruSa kI zaktiyoM meM tAratamya dikhAI dete haiM, ataH eka samaya meM aneka upayoga honA saMbhava nahIM hai| isI prakAra yadi ho to sArA matijJAna avAya mAtra ho jAegA athavA avagraha mAtra raha jaaegaa| Agama meM avagraha Adi kA jo nizcita krama batAyA hai, vaha khaNDita ho jaaegaa| kyoMki Agama meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki avagraha ke binA IhA, IhA ke binA avAya aura avAya ke binA dhAraNA nahIM hotI hai| prathama samaya meM grahaNa kiyA gayA jJAna sAmAnyavizeSa rUpa jJAna ekameka ho jAegA, jisase sAmAnya evaM vizeSa kA bheda hI ghaTita nahIM ho pAyegA / isalie paricita viSayoM kA jJAna hone meM bhI prathama samaya meM sAmAnya grahaNa svIkAra karanA cAhie / 290 - 286. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 254-256 288. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 261-265 290. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 268-272 287. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 257-260 289 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 266-267

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[162] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jinadAsagaNa Adi AcAryoM ne bhI jinabhadragaNi kA samarthana kiyA hai| naMdITIkAkAroM ke anusAra vastu-jJAna ke krama meM sarvaprathama anirdezya sAmAnya jJAna hotA hai aura usake bAda kramazaH vizeSajJAna hotA hai| paraMtu utpalazatapatracheda nyAya ke anusAra zIghratA ke kAraNa isakrama kA jJAna nahIM hotA hai 291 tIsarA matAntara arthAvagraha AlocanApUrvaka hotA hai, aura yahA~ Alocana ko sAmAnyagrAhI mAnA gayA hai aura arthAvagraha kAla meM zabda rUpAdi se bhinna jJAta hotA hai| alocanA jJAna ko sAMkhya, nyAyavaizeSika Adi chahoM vaidika darzana bhI svIkAra karate haiN| 92 pUjyapAda, akalaMka Adi AcAryoM ne avagraha ke pahale darzana svIkAra kiyA hai 293 jinabhadragaNi kA samAdhAna isake khaNDana ke lie ve prazna karate haiM ki AlocanA jJAna vyaMjanAvagraha se pUrva hotA hai, bAda meM hotA hai yA vyaMjanAvagraha hai ? inameM se prathama pakSa ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki taba artha evaM vyaMjana (indriya) ke sambaMdha kA hI abhAva rahatA hai| bAda meM bhI AlocanA jJAna honA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki vyaMjanAvagraha ke carama samaya meM arthAvagraha hotA hai / yadi vyaMjanAvagraha hI AlocanAjJAna hai to yaha nAmAntarakaraNa hI huaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki vyaMjanAvagraha arthazUnya (arthajJAna se rahita) hotA hai isalie artha kA AlocanAjJAna taba bhI honA ucita nahIM hai / isalie arthAvagraha hI sAmAnya artha kA grAhaka hai, isake bAda koI dUsarA Alocana jJAna nahIM hotA hai| -** cauthA matAntara - katipaya AcAryoM kA mAnanA hai ki avagraha kabhI sAmAnya rUpa hotA hai, kabhI vizeSa rUpa hotA hai, kyoMki avagraha ke bahu - bahuvidha Adi 12 bheda hote haiN| avagraha ke ye bheda eka samaya meM ghaTita nahIM ho sakate haiN| ataH aisA svIkAra karanA hogA ki avagraha bhI bahuta samayoM kA hotA hai jinabhadragaNi kA samAdhAna yaha mAtra pUrvapakSa kA durAgraha hai, kyoMki yahAM grahaNa kA artha sAmAnya artha kA grahaNa honA hai, avagRhIta kI IhA hotI hai, IhA yukta nizcaya apAya hotA hai| yazovijayajI ne vizeSa spaSTatA karate hue kahA hai ki avagraha ke kSipra Adi bheda hone se vizeSa jJAna hotA hai, aisA nahIM kaha sakate haiM, kyoMki ye bheda vAstava meM avAya ke haiN| paraMtu kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karake hI unheM avagraha ke bheda mAna sakate haiM arthAt apAya kArya hai aura avagraha tathA IhA usake kAraNa haiM / yahA~ upacAra kA artha hai ki sAmAnya mAtra grAhaka eka samaya kA prathama avagraha naizciyaka avagraha hai, usake bAda Ihita vastu ke vizeSa kA jJAna jo hotA hai, vaha apAya hai kintu vaha punaH hone vAlI IhA va apAya kI apekSA se aupacArika avagraha kahalAtA hai| cUMki vaha apane bhAvI vizeSa kI apekSA se sAmAnya kA grahaNa hotA hai, isalie usake bAda usake vizeSa kI IhA aura usakA apAya hotA rahatA hai, isa prakAra sAmAnya va vizeSa kI apekSA taba taka karate rahanA cAhie jaba taka vastu kA antima vizeSa jJAna na ho jaae| 296 isa prakAra bhASyakAra ne unake samaya meM athavA pUrva se pracalita matAntaroM kA yuktiyukta samAdhAna karake Agamika paramparA ko puSTa kiyA hai| - 291. naMdIcUrNi pR. 63, hArIbhadriya pR. 65, malayigira pR. 180-181 292. pramANamImAMsA bhASA TippaNa pR. 125 293. sarvArthasiddhi 1.15, rAjavArtika 1.15.1 dhavalA bhAga 13, sU. 5.5.23 pR. 216, pramANamImAMsA 1.1.26 294. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 273-279 295. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 280 296. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 281-284

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [163] vyaMjanAvagraha aura arthAvagraha ke svarUpa meM matabheda vyaMjanAvagraha aura arthAvagraha ke svarUpa ko lekara jainadarzana meM pramukha rUpa se tIna mata haiM, jinakA ullekha DaoN. dharmacanda jaina ne isa prakAra kiyA hai|297 (1) prathama mata meM pUjapAda devanandI aura akalaMka ke anusAra avyakta grahaNa vyaMjanAvagraha hotA hai tathA vyakta grahaNa arthAvagraha hotA hai| jaiseki vyakta grahaNa se pUrva vyaMjanAvagraha hotA hai aura vyakta grahaNa kA nAma arthAvagraha hai 298 jisa prakAra nayA sakorA jala kI do tIna sUkSma bUMdoM se chIMTe jAne para gIlA nahIM hotA hai, kintu vahI sakorA bAra-bAra chIMTe jAne para dhIre-dhIre gIlA ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra zabdAdi viSayoM ke avyakta grahaNa ko vyaMjanAvagraha evaM vyakta grahaNa ko arthAvagraha kahate haiM 99 AcArya vidyAnanda bhI isI mata kA samarthana karate hue vyaMjanAvagraha ko aspaSTa tathA arthAvagraha ko spaSTa ke rUpa meM nirUpita karate haiN|200 (2) dvitIya mata jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa kA hai| inake mata meM vyaMjanAvagraha se pUrva viSaya evaM viSayI ke sannipAta se utpanna darzana nahIM hotA hai| AgamaparamparA ke vyAkhyAkara AcArya jinadAsagaNimahattara, siddhasenagaNi, yazovijaya Adi isake samarthaka haiN| vyaMjanAvagraha ke svarUpa kA nirdeza karate hue jinabhadragaNi vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kahate haiM - indriyalakSaNa vyaMjana se zabdAdi pariNata dravya ke sambandha svarUpa vyaMjana kA avagraha vyaMjanAvagraha kahalAtA hai| vyaMjana ke indriyAdi tIna artha kiye haiN| yadyapi vyaMjanAvagraha meM jJAna kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai phira bhI jJAna kA kAraNa hone se vaha jJAna kahalAtA hai| agni ke eka kaNa kI bhAMti usameM atIva alpa jJAna svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai|301 vyaMjanAvagraha ke carama samaya meM arthAvagraha hotA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne arthAvagraha ko sAmAnya, anirdezya evaM svarUpa nAma Adi kI kalpanA se rahita mAnA hai| 02 jainAgamoM meM arthAvagraha kA kAla eka samaya hI mAnA gayA hai|03 samaya kAla kA sabase choTA avibhAjya aMza hotA hai| eka samaya meM nAmAdi kI kalpanA honA saMbhava bhI nahIM hai| svarUpa kA nirdeza bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| AcArya yazovijayajI ne jainatarkabhASA meM arthAvagraha kA yahI svarUpa spaSTa kiyA hai| isa dvitIya mata kA vistAra se pUrva meM varNana karate hue matAntaroM kA khaNDana kara diyA gayA hai|04 (3) tIsare mata meM vIrasenAcArya (9-10vIM zatI) SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM "aprAptArthagrahaNamarthAvagrahaH" aprApta artha ke grahaNa karane ko arthAvagraha kahate haiM aura "prAptArthagrahaNaM vyaMjanAvagrahaH" prApta artha ke grahaNa karane ko vyaMjanAvagraha kahate haiM 05 ve akalaMka ke dvArA dI gaI paribhASA kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM - "spaSTa grahaNa arthAvagraha nahIM hai, kyoMki phira aspaSTa grahaNa ko vyaMjanAvagraha mAnanA pdd'egaa| yadi aisA ho bhI jAya to cakSu meM bhI aspaSTa grahaNa hotA dikhAI detA hai, isalie usameM bhI vyaMjanAvagraha mAnane kA prasaMga AtA hai aura Agama meM cakSu evaM mana se vyaMjanAvagraha svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai|''306 297. 'jainapramANazAstre'vagrahasya sthAnam' svAdhyAya zikSA, julAI, 1994 298. pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi 1.18, pR. 117 299. sarvArthasiddhi 1.18, rAjavArtika 1.18.2 300. 'spaSTAbho'kSa-balodbhUto'spaSTo vyNjngocrH|' - tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.15.42, 1.18.4 se 9 301. maladhAri hemacandra bRhavRtti, vizezAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 194-196 302. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 252 303. 'uggahe ikkasamae' - nandIsUtra, sUtra 61 304. draSTavya - prastuta adhyAya, pR. 159-161 305. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA TIkA), pu. 1, sU. 1.1.115 pR. 354 aura 355 306, SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA TIkA), pu. 13 sU. 5.5.24 pR. 220

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[164] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana gommaTasAra meM jo viSaya indriya ke nikaTa prApta hokara sparzita hotA hai, vaha vyaMjana kahA gayA hai| jo prApta nahIM hotA vaha artha kahalAtA hai| lekina siddhasenagaNi dvArA viracita tattvArthasUtra kI TIkA ke anusAra vyaMjana nAma avyakta zabdAdi kA hai| yahA~ prApta artha ko vyaMjana kaise kahA hai? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki vyaMjana zabda ke do artha haiM - aMjana aura vyNjn| dUra hotA hai vaha aMjana aura vyakta bhAva ko vyaMjana kahate haiN| 'vyajyate bhrakSyate prApyate iti vyaMjanaM' jo prApta hotA hai use vyaMjana kahate haiM, isalie yahA~ isa artha ko grahaNa kiyA hai| 'aMju' dhAtu gati, vyakti, bhakSaNa artha meM prayukta hotI hai| yahA~ 'vyakta' ke bhakSaNa artha kA grahaNa karate haiM, karaNAdika indriyanikAri zabdAdika artha prApta hote hue bhI vyakta nahIM hote isalie vyaMjanAvagraha hai, vyakta hone para arthAvagraha hotA hai| jaiseki mATI kA nayA sakorA jala ke do tIna bUMdoM se sIMcane para gIlA nahIM hotA aura puna:punaH sIMcane para dhIre-dhIre gIlA ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra zrotrAdi indriyoM ke dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye zabdAdi rUpa pudgala skaMdha do tIna samayoM meM vyakta nahIM hote haiN| kintu punaH punaH grahaNa hone para vyakta ho jAte haiN| isase siddha huA ki vyakta grahaNa se pahile-pahile vyaMjanAvagraha hotA hai aura vyakta grahaNa kA nAma (yA vyakta grahaNa ho jAne para) arthAvagraha hai| avyakta avagraha se IhA Adi nahIM hote haiN|07 vIrasenAcArya ne dhavalATIkA meM zaMkA karate hue kahA ki avagraha nirNaya rUpa hotA hai yA anirNaya rUpa hotA hai| yadi vaha nirNaya rUpa hotA hai to usakA avAya meM antarbhAva honA cAhie aura yadi vaha anirNaya rUpa hotA hai to vaha pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| isa zaMkA ke samAdhAna ke lie avagraha ke do bheda vizada avagraha aura avizada avagraha mAna kara vizadAvagraha nirNayAtmaka hote hue bhI IhA, avAya Adi nirNayAtmaka jJAnoM se pRthak hotA hai, aisA ullekha kiyA hai| samIkSA - vyaMjanAvagraha ke svarUpa ko lekara jo uparyukta matoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai, unameM koI virodha pratIta nahIM hotA hai apitu ina tInoM se vyaMjanAvagraha ke svarUpa kA spaSTIkaraNa hotA hai| ina matoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki cakSu evaM mana se vyaMjanAvagraha svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai arthAt vyaMjanAvagraha tabhI hotA hai, jaba artha kA indriya se sparza ho, artha indriya ko prApta ho| indriya evaM artha meM spRSTatA nahIM hone para vyaMjanAvagraha nahIM hotA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki vyaMjanAvagraha meM artha kA grahaNa hotA hai, vaha avyakta hotA hai, aspaSTa hotA hai| tIsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki yaha vyaMjana arthAt upakaraNendriya evaM artha kA saMyoga hone para hI hotA hai| isameM jJAna kA aisA anubhava nahIM hotA hai ki jise vyakta kiyA jA ske| jinabhadragaNi ne vyaMjanAvagraha ko upacAra se jJAnAtmaka mAnA hai| arthAvagraha va vyaMjanAvagraha meM pramukha antara uparyukta arthAvagraha aura vyaMjanAvagraha meM matabheda ke AlAvA bhI donoM meM kucha antara hai, jo ki nimnAMkita hai - 1. arthAvagraha paTukramI hotA hai jabaki vyaMjanAvagraha mandakramI hotA hai| 2. arthAvagraha abhyastAvasthA tathA viziSTa kSayopazama kI apekSA rakhatA hai, jabaki vyaMjanAvagraha anabhyastAvasthA tathA kSayopazama kI mandatA meM bhI hotA hai| 3. arthAvagraha ke dvArA atyalpa samaya meM hI vastu kI paryAya kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai| lekina vyaMjanAvagraha meM atyalpa samaya meM nahIM alpa samayoM meM paryAya kA "yaha kucha hai" jJAna hotA hai|08 4. vyaMjAnavagraha meM vyaMjana kA sambandha mAtra hotA hai, arthAvagraha meM avyakta zabdAdi vastu kA grahaNa hotA hai, kintu vahA~ vyakta zabdAdi padArthoM kA jJAna nahIM hotA hai| 307. gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa-jIvatattvadIpikA TIkA gAthA 307 pR. 660 308. malayagiri pR. 169

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM matijJAna [165] 5. vyaMjanAvagraha upakaraNendriya aura vastu ke saMyoga se hotA hai| yaha cakSu indriya aura mana ko chor3a zeSa cAra indriyoM se hI hotA hai / arthAvagraha zrotrAdi pAMcoM indriyoM aura mana se hotA hai / 6. vyaMjanAvagraha cAroM indriyoM se eka sAtha ho sakatA hai, kintu arthAvagraha anukrama se eka eka - eka indriya kA hI hogaa| jaise havA kA sparza bhI ho rahA hai, sugandha bhI A rahI hai, tathA dekhanA, sunanA bhI ho rahA hai| sabhI pudgaloM kA indriyoM ke sAtha sannikarSa ho rahA hai| kintu upayoga inameM se kisI eka meM hI hotA hai| 7. graMthoM ke anusAra kisI bhI vastu ke upayoga lagAte samaya usameM vyaMjanAvagraha taka to mana nahIM jur3atA hai, kintu arthAvagraha taka mana jur3a jAtA hai 09 avagraha jJAna pramANa hai yA nahIM? - aba yaha vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai ki avagraha jJAna pramANa hai yA nahIM? yadi pramANa hai to pratyakSa pramANa kA lakSaNa usameM anvita hotA hai yA nahIM ? isa sambaMdha meM do paramparAeM prApta hotI haiN| eka Agamika paramparA aura dUsarI pramANamImAMsIya paramparA / Agamika paramparA meM avagraha kA pramANa honA siddha nahIM hotA, kintu pramANamImAMsIya paramparA meM isakI siddhi ke lie samucita prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| DaoN. nathamala TATiyA ke anusAra jaina naiyAyikoM ne Agamika avadhAraNA meM nirUpita anizcayAtmaka jJAna svarUpa avagraha ko pramANa svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai Agamika paramparA Agamika paramparA meM donoM paramparA ke AcArya samarthaka haiN| Agama-paramparA ke jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa Adi zvetAmbara dArzanikoM ke mata meM avAya jJAna hI nizcayAtmaka hotA hai, usase pUrva hone vAle avagraha evaM IhAjJAna nirNayAtmaka nahIM hote haiM digambara paramparA meM avagraha jJAna svaprakAzaka nahIM hai, kyoMki sva-prakAzakatA darzana kA viSaya hai, jJAna kA nhiiN| nirNayAtmakatA bhI avAyajJAna meM hI mAnI gaI hai, avagraha aura IhA meM nahIM mAnI gaI / zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcArya jinabhadragaNi kA mantavya avagraha aura saMzaya meM antara ke antargata spaSTa kiyA jaaegaa| yahA~ digambara paramparA ke AcAryoM kA mantavya spaSTa kara rahe haiN| tattvArthazlokavArtika meM zaMkA uThAyI gaI haiM ki cakSu dvArA vastu ke dRSTigocara hote hue bhI usake jJAna meM saMzaya hotA hai| ataH use nirNaya nahIM kaha sakate haiM usI taraha avagraha ke hote hue IhA dekhI jAtI hai| IhA nirNaya rUpa nahIM hai aura jo svayaM nirNaya rUpa nahIM hai vaha apramANa kI hI koTi meM hotA hai, ataH avagraha aura IhA ko pramANa nahIM kaha sakate haiN| samAdhAna meM akalaMka kahate haiM ki yaha kathana ucitta nahIM hai, kyoMki avagraha saMzaya nahIM hai, kyoMki 'avagraha' arthAt nizcaya aisA kahA gayA hai| jo ki ukta puruSa meM 'yaha puruSa hai' aisA grahaNa to avagraha hai aura unakI bhASA, Ayu va rUpAdi vizeSoM kI jAnane kI icchA kA nAma IhA hai / 11 pUrvapakSa anirNaya svarUpa hone ke kAraNa avagraha pramANa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki aisA hone para usakA saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya meM antarbhAva hogA / 309. malayagiri pR. 169 310. "The Agamika Conception of the avagraha as indeterminate cognition was not upheld by the jaira Logicians in view at its indefiniteness and lack of Pragmatic value" - DaoN. nathamala TATiyA "Studies in Jaira Philospy" vArANasI- pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, pR. 4D 311. rAjavArtika 1.15.6

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[166] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana uttarapakSa - nahIM, kyoMki vizadAvagraha nirNayarUpa hotA hai aura bhASA, Ayu va rUpAdi vizeSoM ko grahaNa karane vAlA avizadAvagraha anirNayarUpa hotA hai| pUrvapakSa avizadAvagraha apramANa hai, kyoMki vaha anadhyavasAya rUpa hai| uttarapakSa - 1. aisA nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha kucha vizeSoM ke adhyavasAya se sahita hai| 2. ukta jJAna viparyaya svarUpa hone se bhI apramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki usameM viparItatA nahIM pAyI jAtI hai| yadi kahA jAya ki vaha cUMki viparyaya jJAna kA utpAdaka hai, ataH apramANa hai, so yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki, usase viparyayajJAna ke utpanna hone kA koI niyama nahIM hai| 3. saMzaya kA hetu hone se bhI vaha apramANa nahIM hai, kyoMki kAraNAnusAra kArya hone kA niyama nahIM pAyA jAtA tathA apramANabhUta saMzaya se pramANabhUta nirNaya pratyaya kI utpatti hone se ukta hetu vyabhicArI hai| 4. saMzayarUpa hone se bhI vaha apramANa nahIM hai - isa kAraNa grahaNa kiye gaye vastu aMza ke prati avizadAvagraha ko pramANa svIkAra karanA cAhie, kyoMki vaha vyavahAra ke yogya hai, 'maiMne kucha dekhA hai' isa prakAra kA vyavahAra vahAM bhI pAyA jAtA hai / kintu vastutaH vyavahAra kI ayogyatA ke prati vaha apramANa hai 12 pramANamImAMsIya paramparA pramANa ke jaina darzana meM aneka lakSaNa die gaye haiM, yathA 1. sva evaM para kA AbhAsI (vyavasAyaka ) evaM bAdhArahita jJAna pramANa hai 13 2. sva evaM para kA avabhAsaka (vyavasAyAtmaka/prakAzaka) jJAna pramANa hai 14 3. vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna sva evaM artha kA grAhaka mAnA gayA hai, isalie vyavasAyAtmaka athavA nirNayAtmaka jJAna hI mukhya pramANa hai / 15 4. sva evaM artha kA vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna pramANa hai 1316 5. sva evaM apUrva artha kA vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna pramANa hai| 17 6. sva evaM artha kI nirNItisvabhAva vAlA jJAna pramANa hai 7. sva evaM para kA vyavasAyaka jJAna pramANa hai 1319 8. artha kA samyak nirNaya pramANa hai pramANa ke ina lakSaNoM kA adhyayana karane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jainadarzana meM vahI jJAna pramANa hotA hai jo sva evaM para kA nizcayAtmaka hotA hai| jo jJAna sva evaM para (artha) kA nizcayAtmaka nahIM hotA vaha pramANa nahIM mAnA jAtA hai| saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAyAtmaka jJAna pramANa koTi meM nahIM AtA hai, kyoMki vaha samyak nahIM hotA hai / sva kA evaM artha (padArtha, vastu) kA samyak nirNaya hI pramANa hotA hai, yaha sabhI jaina dArzanikoM ke dvArA svIkRta hai| isa lakSaNa meM hAna, upAdAna aura upekSA buddhi kA prayojana hI pramukha hai / isalie saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya 312. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA TIkA), pu. 9, sU. 4.1.45, pR. 145-146 313. pramANaM svaparAbhAsi jJAnaM bAdhavivarjitam / siddhasena, nyAyAvatAra, 1 314. svaparAvabhAsakaM jJAnaM yathA pramANaM bhuvi buddhilakSaNam / samantabhadra, svayambhUstotra, 63 315. vyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnamAtmArthagrAhakaM matam / grahaNa nirNayastena mukhyaM praamaannymshnute| akalaMka, laghIyastraya, 60 316. tatsvArthavyavasAyAtmajJAnaM mAnamitIyatA / vidyAnanda, tatvArthazlokavArtika 1.10.78 317. svArthapUrvArdhavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM prtykssm| mANikyanandI parIkSAmukha 1.1 318. pramANaM svArthanirNItisvabhAvajJAnamiti / - abhayadevasUri, tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR. 518 319. svaparavyavasAyikajJAnaM pramANam / vAdidevasUri, pramANanayatattvAloka, 1.2 320. samyagarthanirNiyaH pramANam / hemacandra, pramANamImAMsA 1.1.3

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tRtIya adhyAya vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM matijJAna hAna, upAdAna evaM upekSA buddhi meM asamartha hone ke kAraNa pramANalakSaNa se bahirbhUta hai / nirvikalpaka darzana bhI isa kAraNa se pramANakoTi meM samAviSTa nahIM kiyA gyaa| akalaMka Adi jo pramANamImAMsIya paramparA ke AcArya haiM, ve avagraha jJAna meM prAmANya sthApita karane hetu usameM nirNayAtmakatA bhI svIkAra karate haiM / tattvArthavArtika meM akalaMka ne avagraha evaM IhAjJAna meM nirNayAtmakatA isa prakAra siddha kI hai - 'sthANu, puruSa Adi aneka arthoM ke Alambana rUpa sannidhAna se saMzaya anekArthAtmaka hotA hai| avagraha eka puruSa Adi anyatamAtmaka hotA hai / saMzaya nirNaya virodhI hotA hai, kintu avagraha nahIM, kyoMki usameM nirNaya hotA dikhAI detA hai| 321 tAtparya yaha hai ki avagraha jJAna saMzaya jJAna se bhinna hai / saMzaya aneka arthoM kA AlambI evaM nirNayavirodhI hotA hai, kintu avagraha meM aise doSa nahIM haiN| vaha to ekAtmaka aura nirNayAtmaka hotA hai isalie pramANa hI hai| akalaMka ne IhA ko avagRhIta artha kA AdAna karane se nirNayAtmaka mAnA hai, isalie IhA bhI pramANa hai / yaha ullekhanIya hai ki AcArya siddhasena ke TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri sAkAra jJAna kI bhAMti nirAkAra darzana ko bhI pramANa svIkAra karate haiM / ve hI akele jainAcArya haiM jinhoMne sAmAnyagrAhI darzana ko bhI vizeSagrAhI jJAna kI bhAMti pramANa mAnA hai| unhoMne kahA hai- "nirAkAra aura sAkAra upayoga to apane se bhinna AkAra ke sahayogI banakara apane viSaya ke avabhAsaka rUpa meM pravRtta hone se pramANa haiM, itara AkAra se rahita hokara nhiiN| 322 yahA~ abhayadevasUri ne anekAntadRSTi ko apanAkara jJAnadarzana kI sApekSa pramANatA svIkAra kI hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai / avagraha ko pramANa rUpa siddha karake aba isake donoM bhedoM meM pramANa hai ki nahIM isakI samIkSA karate haiM / [167] vyaMjanAvagraha pramANa nahIM hai vyaMjanAvagraha ke pramANa rUpa hone ke sambandha meM carcA karane se pUrva vyaMjanAvagraha jJAna rUpa hai yA nahIM isakI carcA karate hue jinabhadragaNi ne vyaMjanAvagraha ko jJAna rUpa svIkAra kiyA hai| jisakA ullekha vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke AdhAra para nimna prakAra se haiN| vyaMjanAvagraha ko jJAna rUpa siddha karane ke lie jinabhadragaNi ne nimna prakAra se ullekha kiyA hai pUrvapakSa - jisa prakAra bahare manuSya ke kAna ke sAtha zabda dravya kA saMyoga hotA hai, paraMtu saMvedana nahI hone ke kAraNa vaha ajJAna rUpa hai vaise hI vyaMjanAvagraha ke samaya bhI saMvedana nahIM hone se vaha ajJAnarUpa hai| uttarapakSa - jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki vyaMjanAvagraha kA grahaNa sUkSma aura avyakta hone se usakA saMvedana anubhava meM nahIM AtA hai| phira bhI yaha prathama samaya se aMtima samaya taka jJAna rUpa hI hai| pUrvapakSa - jaise badhira vyakti ko prAraMbha meM jJAna kI anubhUti nahIM hotI vaise hI vyaMjanAvagraha meM indriya aura viSaya ke sambandha kAla meM jJAna kI anubhUti nahIM hotI hai, isalie vyaMjanAvagraha ajJAna hai / uttarapakSa - jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki yaha kathana ayukta hai kyoMki vyaMjanAvagraha ke anantara (bAda meM) jJAnAtmaka arthAvagraha hotA hai / yadyapi vyaMjanAvagraha meM jJAna kI anubhUti nahIM hotI, kintu vaha jJAna kA kAraNa hai, ataH vaha bhI jJAna rUpa hI hai, lekina vaha alpa (avyakta) rahatA hai 123 321. tattvArtharAjavAstika 1.15 322. tattvabodhavidhAyinI ( sammatitarkaTIkA) pR. 458 323. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 195 196

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[168] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana pUrvapakSa - vyaMjanAvagraha meM jJAna bhI hotA hai aura vaha avyakta rahatA hai, yaha kaise ghaTita hogA? uttarapakSa - yaha jJAna choTIsI cinagArI rUpa prakAza kI taraha sUkSma hone ke kAraNa avyakta hai, jaise ki soye hue, naze meM rahe hue tathA mUrcchita Adi vyaktiyoM ko jJAna kA svayaM saMvadena nahIM hotA hai, phira bhI unameM jJAna kI sattA to hai, vaise hI vyaMjanAvagraha bhI avyakta jJAna rUpa hai| pUrvapakSa - yadi soye hue vyaktiyoM ko apane jJAna kA sva-saMvedana nahIM hotA hai, to unameM jJAna kA astitva kaise hotA hai? uttarapakSa - soye hue vyakti svapna Adi meM bolate haiM, AvAja Adi dene para pratyuttara bhI dete haiM, sote hue hI zarIra ko phailAnA, sikor3anA, aMgar3AI lenA Adi kriyAeM karate haiM, lekina na to unheM ina kriyAoM kA saMvedana hotA hai aura na hI jAgane ke bAda unakA smaraNa rahatA hai| kintu ye kriyAeM matijJAna pUrvaka hI hotI haiM, anyathA nirjIva meM bhI yaha kriyAeM honI caahie| ataH ina kriyAoM ke AdhAra para soye hue vyakti meM jJAna kA sadbhAva hotA hai| vaise hI vyaMjanAvagraha meM jJAna hotA hai / 24 pUrvapakSa - soye hue vyakti meM to jJAna ke astitva ko unake vacana Adi kI ceSTAoM se jAnA jAtA hai, lekina vyaMjanAvagraha meM to aisA koI kAraNa spaSTa nahIM jisase use jJAna rUpa svIkAra kiyA jAeM? uttarapakSa - jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki vyaMjanAvagraha meM to pratisamaya asaMkhyAta samaya taka zrotrAdi iMdriyoM ke sAtha zabdAdi viSaya dravyoM kA sambandha rahatA hai, yadi Apa asaMkhyAta samaya taka rahane vAle zabdAdi dravya ke hone para bhI vyaMjanAvagraha ko ajJAna rUpa mAnate haiM, to carama samaya meM hone vAle zabdAdi dravyoM meM jJAnotpAdakatA kA sAmarthya nahIM ho sakatA hai| ataH aisI sthiti meM arthAvagraha kI utpatti nahIM ho paaegii| isalie zabdAdi viSaya dravyoM kA zrotrAdi indriyoM ke sAtha sambandha hotA hai, taba prathama samaya meM hI jJAna kI kucha-na-kucha mAtrA (sattA) pratisamaya pravartamAna rahatI hai, aisA mAnanA hI pdd'egaa| kyoMki jo vastu pRthak-pRthak rUpa se upalabdha nahIM hotI hai vaha eka sAtha bhI nahIM ho sakatI hai| jaiseki dhUla ke kaNoM meM taila nahIM hai, to unako eka sAtha ikaTThA karane para bhI taila nahIM ho sakatA hai| vaise hI vyaMjanAvagraha ke pratyeka samaya meM jJAna aMza ko nahIM mAneMge to samudAya meM bhI jJAnAMza nahIM hogaa| yadi pUrvapakSa samudAya meM jJAna ko mAnatA hai to caramAnta samaya ke alAvA zeSa samayoM meM jJAna hotA hai| yadi pUrvapakSa mAtra samudAya rUpa meM nahIM mAnakara carama samaya meM mAnatA hai, to vaha jJAna samagra rUpa se akasmAt prakaTa nahIM hogaa| isalie sabhI samayoM meM jJAnAMza mAnanA hI ucita hai| ataH arthAvagraha hone ke pUrva samayoM meM jo jJAna avyakta rUpa se vidyamAna hai, usI ko vyaMjanAvagraha kahA jAtA hai| carama samaya meM vaha avyakta jJAna hI vyakta ho jAtA hai, usI ko arthAvagraha kahate haiN| ata: vyaMjanAvagraha jJAna rUpa siddha hotA hai|25 naMdIvRtti meM malayagiri326 ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai| DaoN. dharmacanda jaina kA abhimata hai ki vyaMjAvagraha kA jo svarUpa jainAcAryoM ne batalAyA hai vaha to kisI bhI prakAra pramANakoTi meM, vizeSataH pratyakSapramANa kI koTi meM samAviSTa nahIM ho sktaa| jinabhadragaNi Adi ke mata meM vyaMjanAvagraha indriya evaM artha ke sambaMdha rUpa hotA hai, ata: vaha to nyAyadarzana meM varNita indriyArthasannikarSa se atyanta bhinna nahIM hai| indriyArtha sannikarSa jainadarzana meM pramANa nahIM mAnA gyaa| 324. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 197-198 bRhavRtti sahita 325. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 200-203 bRhavRtti sahita 326. malayagiri pR. 169

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tRtIya adhyAya vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM matijJAna [169] use pramANa mAnane kA jainadarzana meM aneka bAra khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| pUjyapAda, akalaMka Adi jo jainadArzanika vyaMjanAvagraha ko avyaktagrahaNa ke rUpa meM mAnate haiM vaha bhI pratyakSa pramANa kI koTi meM nahIM AtA hai, kyoMki pratyakSa pramANa to vizadatAlakSaNa vAlA hotA hai| 'spaSTa jJAna pratyakSa hotA hai' yaha pratyakSapramANa kA lakSaNa jainadarzana meM sarvasvIkRta hai| vyaMjanAvagraha meM aspaSTatA hotI hai, isalie usakA samAveza pratyakSapramANa meM kisI bhI prakAra nahIM ho sktaa| vIrasenAcArya ne dhavalA TIkA meM "prApta artha kA grahaNa vyaMjanAvagraha hai evaM aprApta artha kA grahaNa arthAvagraha hai" yaha jo kahA hai vaha bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki vyaMjanAvagraha ke pazcAt arthAvagraha hone kA krama nizcita hai / vyaMjanAvagraha meM jaba prApta artha kA grahaNa hotA hai taba arthAvagraha meM vaha aprApta artha kA grahaNa kaise ho sakatA hai ? jo pUrva meM prApta (sannikarSa yukta) hai vaha anantara kAla meM aprApta nahIM ho sakatA / cakSu evaM mana se vyaMjanAvagraha nahIM hotA, isalie unase prAraMbha meM hI arthAvagraha hotA hai, kintu anya indriyoM se vyaMjanAvagraha ke pazcAt arthAvagraha hotA hai, yaha niyama hai| ataH vIrasenAcArya dvArA nirUpita lakSaNa vyaMjanAvagraha meM pramANatA siddha karane meM samartha nahIM hai| vyaMjanAvagraha yadi avizada avagraha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai to vizadatA ke abhAva meM usakA pratyakSapramANa honA siddha nahIM hotA 1327 arthAvagraha pramANa kaise ? DaoN. dharmacanda jaina ke anusAra jinabhadragaNi Adi ke dvArA varNita svarUpa, nAmAdi kI kalpanA se rahita evaM anirdezya arthAvagraha meM sva para nizcayAtmakatA kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa pramANatA siddha nahIM hai| 328 lekina naizcayika aura vyAvahArika (upacarita) arthAvagraha meM se upacarita ( vyAvahArika) arthAvagraha nirNayAtmaka evaM vizada hotA hai, isameM saMdeha kataI nahIM hai / sva evaM para kA nirNayAtmaka hone ke kAraNa yaha pramANa tathA vizada hone ke kAraNa pratyakSa pramANa siddha hotA hai akalaMka Adi dArzanikoM ke mata meM arthAvagraha nirNayAtmaka hone se pramANa rUpa hI hai, kintu usa arthAvagraha kA kAla eka samaya kA hai, yaha Agama - mAnyatA khaNDita ho jAtI hai| kyoMki eka samaya meM nirNayAtmaka jJAna kA honA zakya nahIM hai| phira bhI vidyAnanda, prabhAcandra, devasUri Adi dArzanikoM ne avagraha ko pramANa mAnA hI hai| AcArya vidyAnanda avagraha ko saMvAdaka hone ke kAraNa bhI pramANa siddha karate haiM / avagraha meM pramANatA siddha karane ke lie ve tarka dete haiM - avagraha pramANa hai, kyoMki vaha saMvAdaka hai, sAdhakatama hai, anizcita artha kA nizcAyaka hai aura pratipattA ko usakI apekSA rahatI hai| avagraha ko pramANa mAnane kA sAkSAt phala hai sva evaM artha kA vyavasAya isakA paramparAphala to IhA evaM hAnAdi buddhi kA honA hai 330 isa prakAra AcArya vidyAnanda ne avagraha meM pramANatA siddha karane ke lie aneka hetu upasthita kie haiN| ye hetu avagraha ke nizcayAtmaka rUpa ko prastuta karate haiN| nizcayAtmakatA ke sAtha unhoMne spaSTatA bhI aMgIkAra kI hai tathA tattvArthazlokavArtika meM - " vaha arthAvagraha indriyabala se utpanna hotA hai, spaSTa rUpa se prakAzaka hotA hai, vastu kA jJAna karAtA hai, isalie vaha nirNayAtmaka rUpa se siddha hai / vyaMjana ko viSaya karane vAlA vyaMjanAvagraha aspaSTa hotA hai| yahA~ vidyAnanda ke mata yahA~ vidyAnanda ke mata meM arthAvagraha pratyakSa pramANa siddha hotA hai, kyoMki vaha 11331 327. 'jainapramANazAstre'vagrahasya sthAnam' svAdhyAya zikSA, julAI, 1994 328. 'jainapramANazAstre'vagrahasya sthAnam' svAdhyAya zikSA, julAI, 1994 329. vizeSAvazyakabhASya 288 dvAdazabhedoM ke lie draSTavya, tattvArthasUtra 1.16 330. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.15 331. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.15.43

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[170] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana nizcayAtmaka hotA hai tathA vizada hotA hai| vidyAnanda pratyakSa pramANa meM nizcayAtmakatA ko aMgIkAra karake bhI zabda yojanA ko Avazyaka nahIM mAnate haiN| zabda yojanA se rahita hone kI apekSA ve pratyakSa ko kathaJcit nirvikalpaka bhI mAnate haiN|32 tattvabodhavidhAyinI ke racayitA abhayadevasUri bhI isI prakAra pratyakSa meM nirvikalpakatA ko (kathaJcid) svIkAra karate haiN| vIrasenAcArya mAnate haiM ki yadi avagraha nirNayAtmaka hotA hai to usakA antarbhAva avAya meM honA cAhie aura yadi vaha anirNaya rUpa hotA hai to vaha pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| isake lie vIrasenAcArya ne vizadAvagraha ko nirNayAtmaka avizadAvagraha ko anirNayAtmaka pratipAdita kiyA hai| 33 isa prakAra jinabhadragaNi ke mata meM upacarita arthAvagraha, akalaMka, vidyAnanda Adi ke mata meM varNita arthAvagraha aura vIrasenAcArya ke mata meM vizadAvagraha svarUpa jo arthAvagraha hai, vaha pratyakSapramANa siddha hotA hai| sArAMza - uparyukta varNana ke AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki vyaMjanAvagraha anadhyavasAya sahita hone se, nirNaya rUpa nahIM hone se pramANa tathA avizada hone se pratyakSa rUpa nahIM hai| arthAvagraha vyavasAyAtmaka tathA saMzaya, viparyaya evaM anadhyavasAya se rahita hone se pramANa tathA vizada hone se pratyakSa rUpa hai 34 darzana aura avagraha meM bhedAbheda jainadarzana meM 'jJAna ke pUrva darzana hotA hai' yaha prasiddha siddhAMta hai| darzana ke anantara hI jJAna hotA hai, yaha sunizcita krama hai| avagraha matijJAna kA bheda hone ke kAraNa jJAnAtmaka hotA hai, ata: usase pUrva darzana honA cAhie, kintu darzana aura avagraha ke svarUpa kA jaba dArzanikoM ke dvArA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai taba ina donoM kI pRthaktA batalAnA kaThina ho jAtA hai| saMkSepa meM yahA~ isakI carcA kI jA rahI hai| __AcArya siddhasena sanmatitarkaprakaraNa35 meM sAmAnya grahaNa darzana hai tathA vizeSa kA grahaNa jJAna hai, aisI paribhASA karate haiN| dravyArthikanaya se darzana sAmAnyagrAhI tathA paryAyArthikanaya se jJAna vizeSagrAhI hotA hai| unake mata meM darzana aura jJAna meM aikAntika bheda nahIM hai| 'jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hai' yaha jaina paramparA meM sarvamAnya hai| vaha upayoga jJAna aura darzana ke bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai| jaba hamAre dvArA vastu kA sAmAnya grahaNa hotA hai to darzanopayoga hotA hai tathA jaba vizeSa grahaNa hotA hai to jJAnopayoga kahA jAtA hai| (yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki eka samaya meM eka hI upayoga hotA hai evaM ye krama se hote rahate haiN| antarmuhUrta meM ye badalate rahate haiN|) yahA~ prazna khar3A hotA hai ki AcArya jinabhadra arthAvagraha ko sAmAnyagrAhI mAnate haiM aura siddhasena darzana ko sAmAnyagrAhI mAnate haiM taba darzana aura arthAvagraha ke svarUpa meM koI bheda hai yA nahIM? AcArya siddhasena kahate haiM ki avagrahajJAna darzana se bhinna hai| yadi avagrahajJAna ko darzana mAnA jAya to sampUrNa matijJAna ko darzana mAnanA hogaa| taba phira darzana aura jJAna ke madhya bheda siddha nahIM kiyA jA skegaa| ata: matijJAna se aspRSTa evaM aviSayabhUta artha meM darzana pravRtta hotA hai| matijJAna meM cakSu evaM mana se vyaMjanAvagraha svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAtA, taba ina donoM (cakSu evaM mana) se darzana 332. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.12.26-27 333. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA TIkA), pu. 9/4.1.45, pR.145 334. 'jainapramANazAstre'vagrahasya sthAnam' svAdhyAya zikSA, julAI, 1994 335. jaM sAmaNNagahaNaM daMsaNameyaM visesiyaM nANaM / doNha vi NayANa eso pADekkaM atthpjjaao| - sanmatitarkaprakaraNa, gAthA 2.1

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [171] hotA hai| usako kramazaH cakSudarzana aura acakSudarzana kahate haiN| isa prakAra avagraha jJAna se cakSudarzana aura acakSudarzana bhinna hai| acakSu zabda se prAyaH cakSu se bhinna sArI indriyoM kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, kintu siddhasena ke mata meM acakSu zabda se mAtra mana hI gRhIta hotA hai|36 vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa darzana kA vizada vivecana nahIM karate haiM, kintu eka sthAna para unhoMne avagraha aura IhA ko darzana rUpa meM svIkAra karane kA saMketa kiyA hai, yathA - avAya aura dhAraNA jJAna hai tathA avagraha evaM IhA kA darzana honA iSTa hai| 37 yadi isa mata ko svIkAra karane para vicAra kareM to avAyajJAna kA hI jJAna ke bhedoM meM samAveza hotA hai, usake pUrva hone vAle avagraha aura IhAjJAna sAmAnyagrAhI hone ke kAraNa darzana ke hI aMga siddha hote haiN| darzana aura jJAna ke madhya prAya: sAkAra aura nirAkAra ke AdhAra para bheda kiyA jAtA hai| darzana nirAkAra aura nirvikalpaka hotA hai, jJAna sAkAra aura savikalpaka kahA jAtA hai| avagraha meM vizeSata: arthAvagraha meM nirvikalpakatA aura nirAkAratA prApta hotI hai, ataH jinabhadra ke mata meM kisI apekSA se avagraha bhI darzana ho sakatA hai| vIrasenAcArya ne dhavalA TIkA meM darzana aura jJAna ke svarUpa kA vicAra karate hue darzana ko AtmaprakAzaka aura jJAna ko paraprakAzaka mAnA hai|38 kintu yaha mata bhI Agama paramparA ke anukUla nahIM hai, kyoMki taba cakSudarzana Adi darzana ke bheda ghaTita nahIM ho skte| cakSudarzana Adi paraprakAzaka dikhAI dete haiN| digambara AgamoM kI mAnyatA hai ki svarUpa kA grahaNa darzana hai, kintu AcArya vidyAnanda ne isa mAnyatA kA khaNDana kiyA hai, yathA - AtmagrahaNa bhI darzana nahIM hai, kyoMki cakSu, avadhi aura kevaladarzana ke abhAva kA prasaMga AtA hai| kucha digambara dArzanika nyAyazAstra kI apekSA sAmAnya grahaNa ko darzana tathA siddhAMta kI apekSA se svarUpagrahaNa ko darzana pratipAdita karate haiM / 40 pUjyapAda, akalaMka, vidyAnaMda Adi digambara dArzanika aura hemacandra, devasUri Adi zvetAmbara dArzanika 'darzana sAmAnyagrAhI hotA hai' aisA mAnate hue usakA sattAmAtra viSaya aMgIkAra karate haiN| sattAmAtra ke grAhaka usa darzana ko ve avagraha se pUrva rakhate haiN| unake mata meM viSaya aura viSayI ke sannipAta (sannikarSa) ke hone para darzana hotA hai tathA usake pazcAt avagraha hotA hai| isa prakAra pramANazAstrIya saMndarbha meM kramabheda se darzana aura avagraha meM bheda svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| avagraha aura saMzaya meM antara ___ avagraha meM IhA kI apekSA hone se lagabhaga saMzayarUpatA hI hai| aisA kahanA sahI nahIM, kyoMki avagraha aura saMzaya ke lakSaNa jala aura agni kI taraha atyanta bhinna haiM, ataH donoM alaga-alaga haiN| jaiseki saMzaya sthANu puruSa Adi aneka padArthoM meM dolita rahatA hai, anizcayAtmaka hotA hai aura sthANu puruSAdi meM se kisI kA nirAkaraNa nahIM karatA, jabaki avagraha eka hI artha ko viSaya karatA hai, nizcayAtmaka hai aura sva viSaya meM bhinna padArthoM kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai| arthAt saMzaya nirNaya kA virodhI hotA hai, avagraha nhiiN|47 336. siddhasena divAkara, "sanmatiprakaraNa" gAthA 2.23-25 337. nAmavAya-dhiIo, daMsaNamiLaM jhogghe-haao| taha tattaruI sammaM, roijjai jeNa taM naannN| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 536 338. antrbhirmukhyoshcitprkaashyordrshnjnyaanvypdeshbhaajorektvvirodhaat| -SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA), pu. 1, sUtra 1.14 pR. 145 339. tattvArthazlokavArtikavRttiH, 1.15.15 340. kailAzacandra zAstrI, 'jainanyAya', pRSTha 147 341. rAjavArtika 1.14.7-10 pR. 60, dhavalA pu. 9, sU. 4.1.45, pR. 145, nyAyadvIpa adhikAra 2.11.31

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[172] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana kucha AcArya zaMkA karate haiM ki avagrahAdi jJAna hI nahIM hote haiM, kyoMki ve saMzaya kI bhAMti spaSTa artha kA prakAzana nahIM karate haiN| jinabhadragaNi isa zaMkA kA nivAraNa karate hue avagraha Adi ke jJAna rUpa hone kI siddhi meM hetu dete haiM ki avagraha, IhA Adi kA anumAna pramANa kI bhAMti saMzaya Adi meM afrabhAva nahIM hotA hai, isalie avagraha Adi saMzayAdi se pRthak hai tathA ve jJAna rUpa se hai| IhA bhI saMzaya rUpa nahIM hai, kyoMki 'yaha sthANu hai yA puruSa hai' isa prakAra ke saMzaya ko IhA nahIM mAnakara anvaya dharma kI saMbhAvanA aura vyatireka dharma ke tyAgane se nizcaya sanmukha jo bodha hotA hai, use IhA kahate haiN| aisA bodha nizcayAbhimukha hone se saMzaya nahIM kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra avagrahAdi meM saMzayAdi nahIM hote haiM, yadi Apake anusAra hote haiM to bhI vaha jJAna rUpa hI hai| 42 zaMkA - saMzayAdi vastu ke eka deza ko jAnate haiM, isalie ve jJAna bheda ho sakate haiM, lekina saMzayAdi aMza rahita hone se unameM deza kA abhAva hotA hai| isalie saMzayAdi eka dezagrAhI kaise hote haiM? samAdhAna - jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki ghaTAdi miTTI se bane hue hote haiN| ye moTe, lambI grIvA yukta haiM ityAdi arthaparyAya ananta haiM tathA ghaTa, kuMbha, kalaza Adi vacana rUpa paryAya bhI ananta haiN| isa prakAra eka hI vastu kI arthaparyAya aura vacanaparyAya rUpa ananta zaktiyukta vastu hai| ata: usa vastu ke eka deza ko grahaNa karane vAle saMzayAdi jJAna rUpa haiN|43 zaMkA - saMzayAdi tIna matijJAna rUpa haiM to isa prakAra matijJAna ke avagrahAdi cAra bhedoM meM saMzayAdi tIna bheda milAne para sAta bheda hote haiN| samAdhAna - yaha yogya nahIM hai kyoMki anadhyavasAya sAmAnya mAtragrAhI hone se usakA avagraha meM samAveza hotA hai, saMzaya kA IhA meM aura viparyaya kA nizcaya rUpa hone se apAya meM samAveza ho jAtA hai| isalie matijJAna ke avagrahAdi cAra hI bheda hoNge|44 zaMkA - yadi saMzayAdi tIna ko Apa jJAna rUpa mAnate haiM to saMsAra meM koI bhI ajJAnI nahIM rahegA, kyoMki inako jJAna rUpa mAnane se ajJAna rUpa loka vyavahAra kA nAza hotA hai, lekina loka meM to ajJAna vyavahAra hai, to usakI vyavasthA kaise hogI? samAdhAna - mithyAdRSTi ke saMzayAdi tathA nirNaya ajJAna rUpa hai tathA samyagdRSTi ke saMzayAdi tathA nirNaya jJAna rUpa haiN| isa prakAra mAnane se ajJAna vyavahAra kA nAza nahIM hotA hai| Agama kA bhI yahI abhiprAya hai| isa prakAra jinabhadragaNi ne saMzayAdi ko jJAna rUpa svIkAra kiyA hai| jabaki akalaMka ne saMzayAdi ko jJAna rUpa svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai|45 avagraha ke paryAyavAcI nAma Avazyakaniyukti, naMdIsUtra meM avagraha ke pAMca apara nAma batAye haiM - avagrahaNatA, upadhAraNatA, zravaNatA, avalaMbanatA aura medhaa| isI prakAra SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI avagraha, avadhAna, sAna, avalambanA aura medhA ye avagraha ke paryAyavAcI nAma batAye haiN|46 ina paryAyavAcI nAmoM ke dvArA indriya jJAna kI utpatti batAI hai| avagrahaNatA Adi pAMca zabdoM ke artha naMdIcUrNi, hAribhadrIya aura malayagiri ke AdhAra para nimna prakAra se haiM347 - 342. vizezAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 312-314 bRhavRtti kA bhAvArtha 343, vizezAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 315-316 bRhadvRtti kA bhAvArtha 344. vizezAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 317 345. rAjavArtika 1.15 346. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA , naMdIsUtra pR. , SaTakhaNDAgama (dhavalA TIkA), pu. 13 sU. 5.5.37 pR. 242 347. naMdIcUrNi pR. 58, hAribhadrIya pR. 58, malayagiri pR. 174

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [173] 1. avagrahaNatA vyaJjana avagraha ke pahale samaya meM Aye hue zabdAdi pudgaloM kA upakaraNa dravyaiMdriya ke dvArA grahaNa karanA athavA vyaMjanAvagraha ke pahale samaya meM avyakta jhalaka kA grahaNa honA avagraha kI pahalI avasthA 'avagrahaNatA' hai| isameM grahaNa kiye gaye artha kA jJAna kAla sApekSa hai| kyoMki eka sAtha sampUrNa artha kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai, anukrama se hotA hai| - 2. upadhAraNatA vyaJjana avagraha ke dUsare tIsare Adi samayoM se lekara asaMkhyAta samaya taka Ate hue naye-naye zabdAdi pudgaloM kA upakaraNa dravyendriya dvArA grahaNa karanA athavA avyakta se vyaktAbhimukha ho jAne vAle avagraha ko avagraha kI dUsarI avasthA 'upadhAraNatA' kahate haiN| 3. zravaNatA avagraha kI isa tIsarI avasthA meM eka samaya kI avadhi vAle sAmAnya artha kA avagrahaNa honA 'zravaNatA' hai athavA jo avagraha zrotrendriya dvArA ho, use zravaNatA kahate haiM, eka samaya meM hone vAle sAmAnyArthAvagraha bodharUpa pariNAma ko zravaNatA kahate haiM, isakA kA sIdhA sambandha zrotrendriya se hai / 4. avalambanatA avagraha kI cauthI avasthA meM naI dUsarI IhA ke lie prathama avAya kA avalambana rUpa honA 'avalambanatA' hai arthAt vizeSa sAmAnya artha kA avagraha hotA hai| jaise yaha zabda hai, aisA kisI ne nirNaya kara liyA arthAt apAya ho gayA hai phira punaH kisakA zabda hai| aisA hone para vahI zabda avagraha bana gayA arthAt prathama avAya kA Alambana lekara punaH Ihana kiyaa| isalie ise AlambanatA kaha diyA hai| aisA avagraha sAMvyavahArika avagraha kahalAtA hai| jabataka antima apAya nahIM ho jAtA hai taba taka apAya avAntara sAmAnya hone se avagraha banatA jAyegA / 5. medhA medhA zabda kA prayoga jaina AgamoM meM buddhi paraka artha meM milatA hai| jabaki naMdI aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM isakA ullekha avagraha kI paryAya ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| dUsare tIsare Adi avAyoM meM pahale avAya se adhika buddhi kA honA 'medhA' hai / yaha avagraha kI pAMcavI avasthA hai isa avasthA meM uttarottara dharma kI jijJAsA ke kAla meM vizeSa sAmAnya artha kA avagrahaNa hotA hai| isa prakAra naMdI TIkA meM isakA artha prathama vizeSa sAmAnya arthAvagraha ke bAda prApta 'vizeSa sAmAnya arthAvagraha kiyA hai| jabaki dhavalATIkA meM isakA artha arthajJAna ke hetu ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| ina pAMca bhedoM meM se pahale do bheda vyaMjanAvagraha se sambandhita haiM, tIsarA kevala zrotrendriya ke avagraha se sambandhita hai arthAt arthAvagraha hai tathA cauthA aura pAMcavA bheda sAMvyavahArika arthAvagraha rUpa hai, jo niyama se IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA taka pahu~cane vAle haiN| kucha jJAnadhArA sirpha avagraha taka hI raha jAtI hai aura kucha Age bar3hane vAlI hotI hai| ina pAMca nAmoM meM se AlambatA to nAma bheda kI apekSA se aura zeSa cAra kAla bheda kI apekSA se hai 351 isa prakAra naMdI TIkAkAroM ne avagraha kI kramika jJAna prakriyA kA ullekha kiyA hai 1352 prazna kyA ye pA~coM nAma ekArthaka haiM? uttara- yaha kathana sAmAnya apekSA se samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki sabhI vikalpoM meM avagraha ke svarUpa kA hI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, isalie inhe ekArthaka kahA gayA hai| 353 - - 348. naMdIcUrNi pR. 58, hAribhadrIya pR. 59 350. AtmArAmajI, naMdIsUtra pR. 225 351. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 184 352. naMdIcUrNi pR. 58, hAribhadrIya pR. 58, malayagiri 174-175 349. dhavalA pu, 13, pR. 242 353.naMdacUrNa, pR. 58

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[174] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana tattvArthabhASya meM avagraha, grahaNa, Alocana aura avadhAraNa ina cAra zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai 1354 umAsvAti ne aura tattvArtha TIkAkAroM ne ina zabdoM ke artha ko spaSTa nahIM kiyA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM naMdI gata aMtima do bhedoM ke alAvA oggahe, vodANe aura sANe aise pAMca zabda milate haiN| inakI paribhASA nahIM hai| inakI paribhASA dete hue dhavalATIkA meM ina zabdoM ko jJAna prakriyA meM nahIM samajhAyA hai| unake anusAra ghaTAdi arthoM kA avagrahaNa avagraha hai| jo anya vastu se usa vastu ko alaga karake vivakSita artha jAnatA hai, vaha avadAna hai| anadhyavasAya kA nAza karanA sAna hai| jo svayaM kI utpatti ke lie indriyoM kA avalambana letA hai vaha avalaMbanA hai aura jisase padArtha jAnA jAtA hai, vaha medhA hai 1355 IhA kA svarUpa matijJAna ke bhedoM meM avagraha ke bAda IhA kA sthAna hai / avagraha ke dvArA avyakta rUpa meM jAne hue padArtha kI yathArtha samyag vicAraNA karanA - 'IhA' hai| jaise aMdhakAra meM sarpa ke sadRza rassI kA sparza hone para - 'yaha rassI honI cAhie sarpa nahIM' - aisI yathArtha samyag vicAraNA honA IhA hai| Avazyakaniryukti aura naMdI ke TIkAkAra nirNaya kI bhUmikA ke rUpa meM IhA ko svIkAra karate haiN| spaSTa rUpa se IhA kI paribhASA sarvaprathama tattvArthabhASya meM milatI hai / I umAsvAti ke anusAra- avagraha ke dvArA grahaNa kiye hue sAmAnya viSaya ko vizeSa rUpa se nizcita karane lie jo vicAraNA hotI hai, vaha IhA hai / 356 jinabhadragaNi ke mantavyAnusAra - 1. sadbhUta arthaviSaya kI grahaNAbhimukha aura asadbhUta arthavizeSa kI tyAgAbhimukha vicAraNA IhA hai| 357 2. sAmAnya grahaNa ke anantara sat artha kI mImAMsA karanA IhA hai / naizcayika arthAvagraha ke anantara yaha mImAMsA hotI hai ki yaha zabda hai athavA yaha azabda ? vyAvahArika arthAvagraha ke anantara yaha mImAMsA hotI hai ki yaha zabda zaMkha kA hai athavA zrRMgI vAdya kA? yaha mImAMsA IhA kahalAtI hai 358 akalaMka ne rAjavArtika meM ullekha kiyA hai ki 'avagRhIte'rthe tadvizeSAkAMkSaNamIhA' avagRhIta artha ko vizeSa jAnane kI AkAMkSA IhA hai / 359 hemacandrAcArya ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai 1360 vAdidevasUri ke anusAra - "avagRhItArthavizeSAkAMkSaNamIhA" arthAt avagraha se jAne hue padArtha meM vizeSa jAnane kI icchA IhA hai| 'yaha manuSya hai' aisA avagraha jJAna se jAnA gayA thaa| isase bhI adhika 'yaha dakSiNI hai yA pUrvI' isa prakAra vizeSa ko jAnane kI icchA honA IhA jJAna kahalAtA hai| usake mastaka para tilaka lagAyA huA hai aura laMgoTa dhAraNa kI huI hai yaha dekhakara IhA jJAna 'yaha dakSiNI honA cAhie' yahAM taka pahu~ca pAtA hai / 361 vIrasenAcArya ne dhavalA meM kahA hai ki avagraha ke dvArA grahaNa kiye padArtha meM usake vizeSa ko jAnane kI icchA honA IhA hai| athavA saMzaya ke bAda aura avAya ke pahale bIca kI avasthA meM vidyamAna tathA hetu ke avalambana se utpanna hue vimarzarUpa pratyaya ko IhA kahate haiM 2 354. avagraho graho grahaNamAlocanamavadhAraNamityanarthAntaram / tattvArthabhASya 1.15 355. oggahe vodANe sANe avalaMbaNA mehaa| dhavalA pu. 13, sU. 5.5.37, pR. 242 356. avgRhiitm| viSayArthaikadezAccheSAnugamanaM nizcayavizeSajijJAsA ceSTA IhA / tatvArthabhASya 1.15 pR. 81 357. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 184 358. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 289 360. pramANamImAMsA 1.1.27 359. rAjAvArtika 1.15.2 361. pramANanayatattvAloka, sUtra 2.8 362. dhavalA pu. 13, sU. 5.5.23 pR. 217

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vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM matijJAna [175] tRtIya adhyAya maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti 63 ke anusAra 1. avagraha se gRhIta (jJAta) artha ke bheda ke sambandha meM hone vAlI bheda vicAraNA arthAt vizeSa anveSaNa ko IhA kahate hai| bheda arthAt vastugata dharma kI mArgaNA ( vicAraNA ) IhA hai, yathA avagraha se Age bar3hakara tathA apAya se pUrva vidyamAna padArtha ke sambandha meM vizeSa grahaNa karanA tathA avidyamAna padArtha kA vizeSa rUpa se tyAga karate hue jAnanA IhA hai| udAharaNArtha kauoM ke ghoMsale Adi sthANu (vRkSa) sambandhI dharma to dikhAI de rahe haiM, kintu sira khujalAne Adi puruSagata dharma dikhAI nahIM de rahe haiM, isa prakAra kA matijJAna IhA kahalAtA hai| IhA kA svarUpa spaSTa karate hue sarvaprathama udAharaNa naMdIsUtra meM prApta hotA hai jaiseki kisI vyakti ne avyakta (aspaSTa zabda ko suna kara yaha koI 'zabda hai' isa prakAra grahaNa kiyA, parantu vaha yaha nahIM jAna pAyA ki 'yaha kyA, kisakA zabda hai?' taba vaha IhA meM praviSTa hotA hai tathA chAnabIna karake yaha 'amuka zabda hai' isa prakAra jAnatA hai 1364 jinabhadragaNi ne bhI zabda kA hI udAharaNa diyA hai DaoN. harinArayaNa paDyA" kA mata hai ki jinabhadragaNi ke kAla taka 'yaha zabda zaMkha kA hai ki dhanuSa kA' isako IhA rUpa mAnA jAtA thaa| kyoMki yaha zabda zaMkha kA honA cAhie, kyoMki isameM mAdhurya hai, karkazatA nahIM hai| ataH isase pUrva saMzaya ke astitva ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| aisA ullekha jinadAsagaNI, haribhadra, malayagiri aura yazovijayajI ne bhI kiyA hai / 367 matAntara akalaMka ne 'yaha zabda zaMkha kA hai ki dhanuSa kA' isa vicAra meM saMzaya kA astitva svIkAra kiyA hai| isake bAda zaMkha ke vizeSa dharmoM kI AkAMkSA ko IhA mAnA hai|' isa prakAra IhA se pahale niyamataH saMzaya ke astitva ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| lekina usako IhA se bhinna mAnA hai| isakA samarthana dhavalATIkAkAra aura hemacandra ne bhI kiyA hai 68 IhA ajJAna rUpa nahIM hai kucha AcArya IhA ko saMzaya rUpa mAnate haiN| jaiseki 'yaha sthANu hai yA koI puruSa' isa prakAra kA anizcayAtmaka jJAna saMzaya se utpanna huA hai aura vaha IhA hai| lekina saMzaya ajJAna rUpa hotA hai aura IhA ko saMzaya rUpa mAnane para IhA bhI ajJAna rUpa hogI, jo ki sahI nahIM hai kyoMki IhA matijJAna kA aMza hai tathA vaha jJAna rUpa hai jo jJAna kA bheda hotA hai, usakI ajJAnarUpatA mAnanA saMgata nahIM hai / 369 | IhA aura saMzaya meM antara maladhArI hemacandra ne ina donoM ko vizeSa rUpa se spaSTa karane ke lie udAharaNa diyA hai ki sUryAsta ke samaya jaba andhakAra hone lagA taba koI vyakti jaMgala meM gyaa| use dUra sthita vRkSa jaisA 363. tenA'vagRhItasyArthasya bhedavicAraNaM vakSyamANagatyA vizeSAnveSaNamIhA / vizeSA0 bhASya bRhadvRtti, gAthA 178 - 179, pR. 90 364. se jahANAmae keI purise avvattaM saddaM suNijjA, teNaM saddotti uggahie, No ceva NaM jANai ke vesa saddAi tao IhaM pavisai, o jAi amuge esa sadde naMdIsUtra pR. 138-139 365. vizeSAzyakabhASya gAthA 256-257, malayagiri 366. jaina sammata jJAna carcA, pR. 102 pR. 175 367. naMdIcUrNi pR. 64, " nanvIhApi kimayaM zAMkha: kiMvA shaaNrg|" malayagiri pR. 182, jainatarkabhASA pR. 16-17 368. tatvArtharAjavArtika 1.15.12, dhavalA pu. 13, pR. 217, pramANamImAMsA 1.1.27 369. vizeSAzyakabhASya gAthA 182

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[176] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana kucha dikhAI diyA to usake mana meM vicAra utpanna huA ki yaha vRkSa hai ki puruSa hai| yaha sthiti saMzaya yukta hai, jo ki ajJAna rUpa hai| jaba usane aura dhyAna se dekhA to usa vRkSa para latAeM caDhI huI haiM, pakSiyoM ke ghoMsale bane hue haiM, koI halana calana kI kriyA pratIta nahIM ho rahI hai, ata: yaha sadbhUta padArtha vRkSa hI honA cAhie na ki puruSa / ukta vicAra IhA yukta hai, kyoMki yaha jJAna nizcaya kI ora abhimukha hai, saMzaya kI koTi se Upara uTha gayA hai| ataH yaha sthANu hai yA puruSa, isa prakAra kA saMzayAtmaka jJAna IhA nahIM hai / anvaya dharmoM ko svIkAra karane tathA vyatireka dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa karane para jo nizcayAbhimukhI bodha hotA hai, vaha IhA hai| nizcaya ke abhimukha hone ke kAraNa vaha saMzaya nahIM hai tathA nizcaya ke pratyAsanna hone mAtra se vaha nizcaya bhI nahIM hai 1370 saMzaya aura IhA meM antara nimna prakAra saMzaya se hai - IhA 1. citta sadartha vivakSita artha ke hetu aura upapatti (saMbhAvya vyavasthApana) kI pravRtti meM saMlagna (Alambana) hotA hai 1. jo mana anekArtha avalaMbana karane vAlA hotA hai| 2.aparyudAsa (niSedha kA abhAva ) parikuMThita (jar3IbhUta) arthAt sarvathA vastu sambandhI nizcaya ke abhAva ko prApta arthAt anirNaya kI avasthA hotI hai 3. citta kI jar3IbhUta avasthA vastu kI anizcAyakatA hotI hai / / 2. paryudAsa (niSedha yukta ) arthAt nirNaya kI avasthA amithyA, amogha citta hotA hai, 3. yathArtha ke grahaNa aura ayathArtha ke parityAga meM 6. saMzaya meM sthANu - puruSa Adi aneka vizeSa artha kA avalambana hotA hai, parantu eka bhI artha kA niSedha nahIM hotA hai / 7. saMzaya meM kuMThita huA citta so jAtA hai| 4.supta kI bhAMti sarvAtmanA vastu kA anavabodha hai| sAmarthyayukta hotA hai, 5. saMzaya ajJAna rUpa hai, 4. nizcayAbhimukhatA hotI hai 5. IhA jJAna rUpa hai, 6. IhA meM ina dharmoM kA niSedha ho kara pariNAma nizcayAbhimukhI hotA hai, 7. IhA meM sAdhana (hetu) samarthana ( upapatti) aura anveSaNa parAyaNa hotA hai| anumAna aura IhA dhavalATIkAra ne IhA aura anumAna meM bheda spaSTa kiyA hai| IhA hetu se hotI hai, anumAna se nhiiN| kyoMki IhA avagRhIta artha ko viSaya karatI hai, ataH isakA liMga svaviSaya se bhinna nahIM hotA hai| jabaki anumAna jisakA avagraha nahIM huA ( anavagRhIta) aise artha ko viSaya karatA hai, ataH isakA liMga svaviSaya se bhinna hotA hai 371 IhA aura Uha umAsvAti Uha aura tarka ko IhA ke paryAyavAcI mAnakara inakA sambandha matijJAna se jor3ate haiN| isa prakAra Agamika paramparA meM tarka, Uha aura ciMtA IhA ke paryAyavAcI haiM 372 ataH tattvArthabhASya ke kAla meM UhA aura tarka, IhA ke vizeSa artha ko prakaTa karate haiN| paMDita sukhalAlajI ke anusAra Agama, piTaka aura darzanasUtroM meM vividha prasaMgoM meM thor3e-bahuta bheda ke sAtha ina donoM zabdoM kA vividha arthoM meM prayoga huA hai| 73 370. maladhArI hemacandra, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 183-184, pR. 92 371. dhavalA pu. 13, sU. 5.5.23 pR. 217 372. IhA UhA tarkaH parIkSA vicAraNA jijJAsAsetyanarthAntaram / tattvArthabhASya 1.15 pR. 81, SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13 sU. 5.5.38 373. pramANamImAMsA TippaNa pR. 76

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tRtIya adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [177] tArkika paramparA ke AcArya akalaMka Adi ne Uha ko anumAna upayogI hone se vyAptijJAna ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate hue parokSajJAna rUpa meM mAnya kiyA hai|374 ina donoM matoM kA samanvaya karate hue AcArya hemacandra kahate haiM ki Uha trikAlagocara aura parokSa hai, jabaki IhA vartamAnakAlika arthaviSayaka aura vyavahArapratyakSa hai / yazovijaya ne bhI samanvaya kA prayAsa karate hue kahA hai ki jo zrutajJAna mUlaka Uha hai vaha zruta hai aura matijJAna rUpa jo Uha hai, vaha mati rUpa hai 76 mImAMsaka tarka ko pramANa rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| jabaki nyAya, bauddha darzana Adi tarka ko pramANa rUpa nahIM mAnate haiM IhA kA prAmANya umAsvAti ke anusAra matijJAna aura zrutajJAna parokSa pramANa hai| 78 jinabhadragaNi, akalaMka, prabhAcanda, hemacandra Adi ne bhI IhA ko pramANa rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai dhavalATIkAkAra isako vizeSa spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki 1. IhA vastu ko grahaNa karake pravRtta hotI hai aura usakA liMga jJAna hotA hai, isalie vaha jJAna rUpa hai| 2. IhA vastu vizeSa ke jJAna kA kAraNa hai, yaha vastu ke ekadeza ko jAna cukI hai aura vaha saMzaya aura viparyaya se bhinna hai| 3. anadhyavasAya rUpa hone se IhA apramANa hai, yaha mAnanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha tIna loka kI sabhI vastuoM meM zukla Adi ke bIca meM eka vastu kI sthApanA karatI hai 1380 IhA ke bheda IhA ke chaha bheda hote haiM, yathA 1. zrotrendriya IhA 2. cakSurindriya IhA 3. ghrANendriya IhA, 4. jihvendriya IhA, 5. sparzanendriya IhA tathA 6. anindriya IhA 1381 prazna- IhA mana se kI jAtI hai yA zrotra Adi bhAvendriya se ? uttara- jo mana rahita asaMjJI jIva haiM, ve hI mAtra usa usa zrotra Adi bhAva iMdriyoM ke dvArA zabda Adi kI IhA karate haiM, parantu jo mana sahita saMjJI jIva haiM, ve to usa usa zrotra Adi bhAvendriyoM ke sAtha-sAtha bhAvamana se bhI zabda Adi kI IhA Adi karate haiN| IhA ke paryAyavAcI nAma vizeSa apekSA se IhA kI vibhinna pA~ca avasthAeM hotI haiM - AbhoganatA, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA, cintA, vimarza [P] pAMcoM paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke artha kI vyAkhyA naMdIcUrNi hAribhadrIya vRtti aura malayagiri vRtti ke AdhAra para nimna prakAra se hai 1. AbhoganatA arthAvagraha se padArtha ko avyakta rUpa meM grahaNa karane ke pazcAt nirantara gRhIta padArtha kI vizeSa arthAbhimukhI AlocanA prAraMbha ho jAnA 'AbhoganatA' hai| jaise- kisI ne sUryAsta ke samaya vana meM puruSa ke samAna sthANu ko dekhA, usa samaya usakA usa dekhe hue sthANu ke prati yaha vicAra honA ki 'kyA yaha sthANu hai ?" AbhoganatA hai| yaha IhA kI pahalI avasthA hai| 374. rAjavArtika 1.13.12, zlokavArtika 1.13.2 375. pramANamImAMsA 1.1.27 376. zrutajJAnamUlohAdezca zrutatvaM matijJAnamUlohAdeH matijJAnatvavadevAbhyupeyam / jJAnabinduprakaraNam pR. 8 377. pramANamImAMsA TippaNa pR. 77 378. tatvArthasUtra 1.11 379. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 182, rAjavArtika 1.15.6-7, nyAyakumudacandra pR. 173, 'avagrahAdInAM vA kramopajanadharmANAM pUrvaM pUrvaM pramANamuttaramuttara phalam ' pramANamImAMsA 1.1.39 380. dhavalA pu. 13, sU. 5.5.23 pR. 218-19 382. naMdIsUtra, pR. 131 381. naMdIsUtra, pR. 131 383. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 59, hAribhadrIya, pR. 59 malayagiri, pR. 175-176

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 2. mArgaNatA - avagraha se jAne hue padArtha meM pAye jAne vAle anvaya dharma aura nahIM pAye jAne vAle vyatireka dharmoM kA vicAra karanA -'mArgaNatA' hai| jaise ukta sthANu ke viSaya meM yaha vicAra honA ki 'jo sthANu hotA hai, usameM nizcalatA, latAoM kA car3hanA, kauoM kA baiThanA, ma~DarAnA Adi dharma pAye jAte haiM aura jo puruSa hotA hai, usameM calamAnatA, aMgopAMgatA, sira khujAlanA Adi dharma pAye jAte haiM, yaha vicAra honA mArgaNatA hai / yaha IhA kI dUsarI avasthA hai / 3. gaveSaNatA - avagraha se jAne hue padArtha meM, na pAye jAne vAle vyatireka dharmoM ko tyAgate hue usameM pAye jAne vAle anvaya dharmoM kA vicAra karanA - ' gaveSaNatA' hai| jaise- ukta sthANu ke prati yaha vicAra honA ki isa sthANu meM puruSa meM pAye jAne vAle lakSaNa jaise halana calana honA, sira khujalAnA Adi koI dharma nahIM pAyA jAtA, parantu sthANu meM pAye jAne vAle halana-calana rahita, latAoM kA car3hanA, kauoM kA maMDarAnA Adi dharma pAye jAte haiM- ' gaveSaNatA' hai| yaha IhA kI tIsarI avasthA hai| [178] 4. cintA - avagraha se jAne hue padArtha meM pAye jAne vAle anvaya dharmoM kA bAraMbAra cintana karanA-'cintA' hai| jaise- ukta sthANu ke nirNaya ke lie A~kheM malakara, A~kha ko punaH punaH kholate banda karate hue, sira ko U~cA - nIcA kara dekhate hue, bAra-bAra isakA vicAra karanA ki 'maiM jo sthANu meM pAye jAne vAle dharma dekha rahA hU~, kyA vaha yathArtha haiM athavA kahIM kucha bhrama hai ?"- cintA hai| yaha IhA kI cauthI avasthA hai| 5. vimarza - avagraha se jAne hue padArtha (artha) meM pAye jAne vAle nitya aura anitya dharmoM kA spaSTa vicAra karanA - 'vimarza' hai| jaise- sthANu ke kucha samIpa jAkara, use dekhakara, yaha ciMtana karanA ki isameM spaSTataH sthANu meM pAye jAne vAle dharma dikhAI dete haiM-vimarza hai| yaha IhA kI pAMcavI avasthA hai I gaveSaNA aura vimarza meM antara - haribhadra aura maliyagiri ke anusAra gaveSaNA aura vimarza meM vyatireka dharma ke tyAgapUrvaka anvaya dharma kA vicAra karanA, yaha donoM meM samAna hai, lekina gaveSaNA meM abhyAsa kA tattva hai, jo vimarza meM nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| 384 ataH gaveSaNA karate hue vimarza meM huA jJAna spaSTatara aura nirNayAtmaka hotA hai| tattvArthabhASya meM IhA, UhA, tarka, parIkSA, vicAraNA aura jijJAsA ina chaha zabdoM kA ullekha milatA hai| 85 lekina inakI paribhASA nahIM milatI hai / naMdIsUtra aura tattvArthasUtra meM eka bhI bheda samAna nahIM hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM IhA, UhA, apoha, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA aura mImAMsA ina chaha zabdoM kA ullekha milatA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama aura naMdIsUtra ke uparyukta bhedoM meM mArgaNA aura gaveSaNA bheda samAna haiM / tattvArthasUtra aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM IhA aura UhA ye do bheda samAna haiN| naMdI meM varNita paryAyavAcI zabda IhA jJAna kI kramika avasthA kA sUcaka hai jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama meM diye gaye krama se aisA pratIta nahIM hotA hai / Avazyakaniryukti Adi meM apoha kA artha avAya hai jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama aura dhavalATIkA meM isakA artha IhA hai, kyoMki AgamakAlIna yuga meM IhA ke bAda apoha kA prayoga huA hai 187 384. hAribhadrIya 59, malayagiri 176 385. IhA UhA tarkaH parIkSA vicAraNA jijJAsetyanarthAntaram / tattvArthabhASya 1.15 pR. 81 386. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13., sU 5.5.38 pR. 242 387. IhApohamaggaNagavesaNaM karemANassa vibbhaMge nAmaM aNNANe smuppnne| bhavatIsUtra za. 11. u. 9 pR. 41

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [179] Avazyakaniyukti meM 'apoha' eka apekSA se matijJAna sAmAnya kI paryAya ke rUpa meM aura dUsarI ora avAya artha meM prayukta huA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne apoha kA artha avAya kiyA hai| jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama meM IhA ke paryAyavAcI nAmoM meM 'apoha' zabda prayukta huA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki apoha IhA ke uttaravartI jJAna rUpa thaa| SaTakhaNDAgama meM ina paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA artha prApta nahIM hotA hai, lekina dhavalATIkA meM artha ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai, jo nimna prakAra se hai - dhavalATIkA ke anusAra jisa buddhi se saMzaya kA nAza ho vaha IhA hai, aprApta artha ko vizeSa jAnane vAlA tarkajJAna Uha hai| saMzaya sambandhI vikalpa kA nirAkaraNa ho vaha apoha hai| arthavizeSa kA anveSaNa (khoja) karanA mArgaNA hai, jisake dvArA gaveSaNA kI jAtI hai, vaha gaveSaNA hai aura artha kI vizeSa rUpa se vicAraNA karanA mImAMsA hai 90 avAya kA svarUpa matijJAna ke tIsare bheda ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki IhA ke dvArA samyag vicAra kiye gaye padArtha kA samyag nirNaya karanA-avAya hai| Avazyakaniyukti ke anusAra jisameM meM nirNaya (vyavasAya) hotA hai, vaha avAya hai| ata: isakI paribhASA spaSTa rUpa se tattvArthabhASya meM prApta hotI hai| umAsvAti ke anusAra - "avagRhIte viSaye samyagasamyagiti guNadoSavicAraNA adhyavasAyApanodo'pAyaH" arthAt avagraha kI viSayabhUta vastu samyak hai ki asamyak, isa sambandha meM guNadoSa kA vicAra karake eka vikalpa kA tyAga karanA apAya hai|392 pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA hai ki vizeSa ke nirNaya dvArA jo yathArtha jJAna hotA hai, use avAya kahate haiN|393 jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra - 1. 'tassAvagamo'vAo' arthAt Ihita padArtha kA nizcayAtmaka avagamana apAya hai|94 2. yaha zabda madhura hai, snigdha hai, isalie yaha zaMkha kA hI honA cAhie, zrRMgI vAdya kA nahIM, isa prakAra anvaya dharmoM aura vyatireka dharmoM ke AdhAra para kiyA jAne vAlA nizcayAtmaka jJAna avAya hai|95 vAdidevasUri ke mantavyAnusAra - "IhitavizeSanirNayo'vAyaH 1396 arthAt jAne hue padArtha meM vizeSa kA nirNaya ho jAnA avAya hai| yaha manuSya dakSiNI honA cAhie' itanA jJAna IhA dvArA ho cukA thA, usameM vizeSa kA nizcaya ho jAnA avAya hai| jaise 'yaha manuSya dakSiNI hI hai|' maladhArI hemacandra ne bRhadvRtti meM ullekha kiyA hai ki viziSTa avasAya, vyavasAya yA nizcaya ho jAnA avAya hai, yaha nizcaya padArthoM kA hotA hai, jaise ki IhA ke bAda IhA se vicArita padArtha kA nirNaya honA ki yaha vRkSa hI hai, yaha apAya aura avAya kahalAtA hai|97 388. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 12 21, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 396, 561 389. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 397, 563 390. dhavalA pu. 13, sU. 5.5.28 pR. 242 391, Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 3, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 179 392. tattvArthabhASya 1.15 393. vishessnirjnyaanaadyaa-thaatmyaavgmnmvaayH| -sarvArthasiddhi 1.15 394. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 180 395. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 290 396. pramANanayatattvAloka, sUtra 2.9 397. tayehitasyaivA'rthasyA'rthasya vyvsaaystdvishessnishcyo'paayH| -maladhArIhemacandra bRhadvRtti, gA0 178-180, pR. 90-91

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana vIrasenAcArya ke anusAra saMzaya kA nirAkaraNa hone ke bAda svagata liMga kA jo nirNayAtmaka jJAna hotA hai, vaha avAya kahalAtA hai / 398 [180] avAya ke lie prayukta zabda jainAgama aura anya granthoM meM avAya ke lie vibhinna zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai, yathA Agama meM 'apoha' 1509 aura avAo, avAe' 400 tathA Avazyaka niyukti meM donoM zabda milate haiM naMdIsUtra meM 'avAya' aura 'apAya' ina do zabdoM kA prayoga, tattvArthasUtra, SaTkhaNDAgama meM 'avAya' kA prayoga huA hai 103 jinadAsagaNI Adi ne 'avAya' kA aura haribhadra ne 'apAya' kA404 aura jinabhadragaNi, akalaMka, malayagiri, yazovijaya Adi AcAryoM ne donoM zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / parantu mukhya rUpa se jJAna carcA meM 'avAya' kA hI prayoga huA hai| akalaMka ne donoM zabdoM ke upayoga kA kAraNa batAte hue kahA hai ki 'yaha puruSa dakSiNI nahIM hai' jisa samaya aisA apAya arthAt niSedha kiyA hai, usa samaya 'uttarI hai' isa artha se avAya kA grahaNa hotA hai aura jisa samaya 'yaha uttarI hai' isakA grahaNa hotA hai, usa samaya 'yaha dakSiNI nahIM hai' isakA niSedha ho jAtA hai arthAt 'apAya' meM tyAgAtmaka aMza mukhya hai aura vidhyAtmaka aMza gauNa hai| jabaki 'avAya' meM vidhyAtmaka aMza mukhya aura tyAgAtmaka aMza gauNa rUpa se hai| ataH eka kA grahaNa karane se dUsare kA grahaNa apane Apa ho jAtA hai| 106 avAya aupacArika arthAvagraha bhASyakAra aura TIkAkAra ke anusAra nizcaya rUpa se viSaya kA eka bAra avAya jJAna ho jAne para, sarvatra antima vizeSa taka bArabAra IhA aura apAya hote rahate haiM, arthAvagraha nahIM hotA / prathama eka samaya ke avyakta sAmAnya mAtra jJAna meM arthAvagraha hotA hai, IhA aura apAya nahIM hote haiN| sAMvyavahArika dRSTi ke anusAra uttarottara IhA aura apAya kI apekSA tathA bhAvI vizeSa bodha kI apekSA se apAya ko bhI aupacArika arthAvagraha kahA jA sakatA hai " avagraha va avAya meM antara avagraha aura avAya ina donoM jJAnoM ke nirNayatva ke sambandha meM koI bheda na hone se donoM samAna ho sakate haiM? isa prakAra donoM meM samAnatA hone para bhI viSaya aura viSayI ke sannipAta ke anantara utpanna hone vAlA prathama jJAnavizeSa avagraha hai aura IhA ke anantara kAla meM utpanna hone vAlA sandeha rahita jJAna avAya jJAna hotA hai, isalie avagraha aura avAya, ina donoM jJAnoM meM ekatA nahIM hai 1408 avAya ke sambandha meM matAntara katipaya AcArya sadbhUta padArtha se bhinna vastu meM rahane vAle vizeSoM ke niSedha (apanayana) mAtra ko apAya kahate haiM tathA sadbhUta padArtha ke vizeSoM ke avadhAraNa ko dhAraNA kahate haiN| jaise kI IhA 398. dhavalA pu. 13, sU. 5.5.23 pR. 218 399. 'IhApoha - maggaNa - gavesaNaM karemANassa' bhagavatIsUtra za. 11 u. 11 pR. 97 401. Avazyakaniryukti gAthA 2, 21 404. naMdIcUrNi pU. 56 hAribhadrIya pR. 57 400. naMdIsUtra, pR. 126, 132 402. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra, 'avAo' (pR. 126 ) 'apoha' (pR. 144 ) 403. tattvArthasUtra 1.15, SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13, sU. 5.5.23, pR. 216 405. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 178, 561, rAjavArtika 1.15.13, malayagiri pR. 168, jainatarkabhASA pR. 7, 17 406. rAjavArtika 1.15.13 408. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA TIkA), pu. 9 sU. 4.1.45 pR. 144 407. maladhArI hemacandra vRtti, gAthA 285 pR. 142

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [181] dvArA vRkSa aura puruSa meM se pakSiyoM ke ghoMsale Adi ko dekhakara vRkSa kA nizcaya karanA apAya hai, parantu jo sadbhUtapadArtha (vRkSa) se anya hai athavA usakA vipakSI (puruSa) jo vahA~ para vidyamAna nahIM hai, usake vizeSa dharma jaise ki sira khujalAnA, calanA, hilanA Adi kA sanmukha sthita padArtha (vRkSa) meM apanayana arthAt niSedha karane ko apAya mAnate haiN| unake anusAra 'apanayanam apAyaH' arthAt anya vastu kA niSedha hI apAya hai| jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra kisI ko to sadbhUta padArtha meM tadbhinna ke vyatireka (abhAva) mAtra se nizcaya hotA hai, kisI ko sadbhUta padArtha meM rahane vAle anvaya dharmoM (sahabhAvI dharmoM) kA samanvaya (ghaTita) hone mAtra se, to kisI ko anvaya aura vyatireka donoM se apAya (nizcaya) ho sakatA hai| kintu anya AcAryoM ke mata se 'tadanyavizeSa-apanayana mAtra' ko apAya svIkAra karanA aura 'sadbhUtapadArthavizeSa-avadhAraNa' ko 'apAya' nahIM mAnakara 'dhAraNA' mAnanA ucita nahIM hai|109 uparyukta kathana kA tAtparya yaha hai ki kucha AcArya kevala anvaya dharma, kucha kevala vyatireka dharma se aura kucha anvaya aura vyatireka donoM dharmoM se avAya jJAna honA svIkAra karate haiN| jo ki syAdvAda siddhAnta ke anusAra sahI hai, kintu jo ekAMta rUpa se kathana karate haiM, unakA mata anucita hai| avAya kA prAmANya IhA kA prAmANya svIkAra karane se avAya kA prAmANya svataH svIkRta ho jAtA hai| vidyAnaMda ke anusAra avAya aura dhAraNA gRhItagrAhI hone se apramANa rUpa nahIM haiM, anyathA anumAna bhI apramANa kI zreNI meM A jAyegA, jo ucita nahIM hai| avagraha, IhA Adi uttarottara vizeSa jJAna ke sUcaka haiM, isalie ye apramANa rUpa nahIM ho sakate haiN| 10 avAya ke bheda avAya ke chaha bheda haiM - 1. zrotrendriya avAya, 2. cakSurindriya avAya 3. ghrANendriya avAya 4. jihvendriya avAya, 5. sparzanendriya avAya tathA 6. anindriya avaay|| avAya ke paryAyavAcI nAma naMdIsUtra meM avAya ke pA~ca paryAyavAcI nAmoM kA ullekha hai, yathA AvartanatA, pratyAvartanatA, avAya, buddhi aura vijnyaan| vizeSa apekSA se ye pAMcoM avAya kI vibhinna avasthAeM haiN| 12 pAMcoM paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke artha kI vyAkhyA naMdIcUrNi, hAribhadrIya vRtti aura malayagiri vRtti-13 ke AdhAra para nimna prakAra se hai - 1. AvartanatA - IhA se avAya kI ora mur3anA arthAt artha ke svarUpa kA jJAna (pariccheda) honA AvartanatA hai| jaise sthANu ke prati yaha nirNaya honA ki isameM sthANu meM pAye jAne vAle dharma milate haiM, ataeva yaha sthANu honA caahie| yaha avAya kI pahalI avasthA hai| __2. pratyAvartanatA - IhA se avAya ke sannikaTa pahu~ca jAnA arthAt nizcita kiye gaye artha ke svarUpa kI bAra-bAra AlocanA karanA pratyAvartanatA hai| jaise sthANu ke prati yaha nirNaya honA ki 'yaha sthANu hI honA caahie|' yaha avAya kI dUsarI avasthA hai| 409. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 185-186-187 409. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.15.6-7, nyAyakumudacandra pR. 173, 'avagrahAdInAM vA kramopajanadharmANAM pUrvaM pUrvaM pramANamuttaramuttara phalam' ___ - pramANamImAMsA 1.1.39 410. tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.15.66 411. naMdIsUtra, pR. 132 412. naMdIsUtra, pR. 132 413. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 60, hAribhadrIya, pR. 60, malayagiri, pR. 176

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[182] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 3. avAya IhA kI sarvathA nivRtti ho jAnA aura jJeya vastu avadhAraNa ke yogya ho jAnA avAya hai| jaise sthANu ke prati yaha nirNaya honA ki 'yaha sthANu hai|' yaha avAya kI tIsarI avasthA 4. buddhi bhagavatI sUtra meM mati aura buddhi kA prayoga eka sAtha huA hai, ataH usa kAla meM donoM kA prayoga alaga-alaga artha meM hotA hogaa| 14 naMdIsUtra aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM buddhi ko avAya ke paryAyavAcI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai jinabhadragaNI ne Abhinibodha mati, buddhi aura prajJA ko vacana - paryAya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| 16 jinadAsagaNi ke anusAra jaba buddhi manodravya kA anusaraNa kare taba vaha mati rUpa hotI hai| isalie buddhi avagraha aura mati IhA rUpa hai| jabaki haribhadra ke anusAra buddhi avagraha aura IhA rUpa tathA mati avAya aura dhAraNA rUpa hotI hai 17 naMdIsUtra meM avAya ke rUpa meM prayukta buddhi kA artha spaSTatara bodha kiyA hai| 18 isa prakAra buddhi matijJAna ke avAntara bheda ke rUpa meM sthApita hai / nirNaya kiye hue padArtha ko sthiratA pUrvaka bAra-bAra spaSTa rUpa meM jAnanA, buddhi hai| jaise sthANu ko yoM jAnanA ki-'yaha sthANu hI hai|' yaha avAya kI cauthI avasthA hai| 19 5. vijJAna nirNaya kiye hue padArtha kA viziSTa jJAna honA, 'vijJAna' hai| jaise- ukta sthANu ke prati yaha jJAna honA ki yaha avazyameva sthANu hI hai| yaha avAya kI pAMcavI avasthA hai| vijJAna meM anubhava jJAna bhI samajhanA caahie| jaise ki amuka naukarI ke lie amuka yogyatA ke sAtha itane varSa ke anubhava kI bhI AvazyakatA hotI hai| varSoM taka nahIM pherane para bhI anubhavajJAna vismRta nahIM hotA hai| jaise vRkSa kI UMcAI jAnakara bIja kI zreSThatA jAnanA / jinadAsagaNi ne vijJAna kA artha avadhArita jJAna kiyA hai 120 haribhadra ke anusAra yaha tIvratara dhAraNA kA kAraNa hai, ataH isase vijJAna avAya kA paryAya ghaTita nahIM hotA hai, isalie malayagiri ne isakA artha tIvratara dhAraNA kA hetu kiyA hai dhavalA TIkA ke anusAra yaha mImAMsita artha kA saMkoca hai 22 avAya meM hue . nizcaya jJAna ke uparyukta pAMca bhAga kareM to vaha kramazaH uttarottara spaSTa, spaSTatara aura spaSTatama bar3hatA hI jAtA hai| avagraha aura IhA darzanopayoga rUpa hone se anAkAropayoga meM tathA avAya aura dhAraNA jJAnopayoga rUpa hone se sAkAropayoga meM garbhita ho jAte haiN| padArthoM kA samyak nirNaya buddhi aura vijJAna se hI hotA hai| naMdI ke TIkAkAroM ke anusAra AvartanatA aura pratyAvartanatA donoM jJAna IhA aura apAya ke bIca kI kar3I haiN| donoM meM IhA kA sadbhAva pUrNa rUpa se naSTa nahIM huA hai aura avAya kA sadbhAva pUrNa rUpa se utpanna nahIM huA hai| ina donoM meM yaha bheda hai ki AvartanatA IhA ke aura pratyAvartanA avAya ke adhika najadIka hai| 414... appaNo sAbhAvieNaM matipucaevaM buddhiviNANaM tasya suciNassa atyoggahaNaM.. bhagavatIsUtra, bhAga 3, za. 11.11 pU. 75 415. naMdIsUtra, pR. 132, SaTkhaNDAgama 5.5.39 416. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 398 417. sA buddhiH avagrahamAtrama, uttaratra ihAdivikapAra savvaM matI tatrAvagrahe hetu buddhiH, apAvadhAraNe matiH hAribhadrIya naMdIvRtti naMdIcUrNi 418. hArIbhadrIya pR.60, malayagiri pR. 176 419. naMdIcUNi pR. 52, hAribhadrIya pR. 53, malayagiri pR. 179 420. tammi cevAvadhAritamatthe visese perakato avadhArayato ya viNNANe / naMdIcUrNi pR. 60 421. viziSTaM jJAnaM vijJAnaM kSayopazamavizeSAdavadhAritArthaviSayameva tIvrataradhAraNAkAraNamityarthaH / - hAribhadrIya pR. 60, malayagiri pR. 179 422. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.39, pR. 243

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tRtIya adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [183] tattvArthabhASya meM apAya, apagama, apanoda, apavyAdha, apeta, apagata, apaviddha aura apanuti ina ATha zabdoM kA ullekha milatA hai 25 lekina inakI paribhASA nahIM milatI hai| naMdIsUtra aura tattvArthasUtra meM eka bhI bheda kA nAma samAna nahIM hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM avAya, vyavasAya, buddhi, vijJapti, AmuMDA aura pratyAmuMDA ina chaha zabdoM kA ullekha milatA hai [ SaTkhaNDAgama aura naMdIsUtra ke uparyukta bhedoM meM buddhi bheda samAna hai| tattvArthasUtra aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM eka bhI bheda samAna nahIM hai| dhavalA TIkA ke anusAra mImAMsita artha kA nizcaya honA avAya hai, anveSita artha ke nizcaya kA hetu vyavasAya hai, Uhita artha ko jAnA buddhi hai, vizeSarUpa se jisake dvArA tarkasaMgata artha ko jAnA jAtA hai, vaha vijJapti hai, vitarkita artha ko saMkocita karanA AmuMDA hai aura mImAMsita artha ko alaga-alaga saMkocita karanA pratyAmur3A hai 2 pratyAmuMDA yaha abhrama hai naMdI ke TIkAkAroM ke anusAra AvartanatA Adi pAMcoM bheda IhA ke bAda kramika vicAra prakriyA ke sUcaka hai, jabaki dhavalA TIkA meM pradatta artha ke anusAra aisA pratIta nahIM hotA hai| dhAraNA kA svarUpa hai 127 matijJAna kA cauthA bheda dhAraNA hai| isakA ullekha nimna prakAra se hai / / 26 Avazyaka niyukti ke anusAra dharaNaM puNa dhAraNaM beMti' arthAt dhAraNa karanA dhAraNA hai - ' umAsvAti ne kahA hai ki svapratipatti ke anusAra mati kA avasthAna aura avadhAraNa dhAraNA jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra apAya ke anantara usa nirNIta artha kA nAza (cyuti) avicyuti, tadAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se vAsanA rUpa meM artha kA upayoga aura kAlAntara meM punaH usakA smRti ho jAnA arthAt avicyuti, vAsanA aura smRti rUpa jo hotA hai vahI dhAraNA hai 1428 vIrasenAcArya ne dhavalATIkA meM ullekha kiyA hai ki avAya ke dvArA jAne hue padArtha ke kAlAntara meM vismaraNa nahIM hone kA kAraNabhUta jJAna dhAraNA hai| 129 ' vAdidevasUri ke anusAra "sa eva dRDhatamAvasthApanno dhAraNA 500 arthAt avAya jJAna jaba atyanta dRr3ha ho jAtA hai taba vahI avAya jJAna, dhAraNA kahalAtA hai| dhAraNA kA artha saMskAra hai| hRdaya-paTala para yaha jJAna isa prakAra aMkita ho jAtA hai ki kAlAntara meM bhI vaha jAgRta ho sakatA hai| isI jJAna se smaraNa hotA hai| maladhArI hemacandra ne bRhadvRtti meM kahA hai ki nizcita rUpa se jJAta vastu kI avicyuti Adi rUpa se dhAraNa karanA dhAraNA kahalAtI hai padArthoM kI dhRti, yA unakA dharaNa hotA hai, arthAt apAya dvArA nizcita kI gaI vastu ke hI avicchinna rUpa se smRti - vAsanA rUpa dhAraNa ko hI dhAraNA kahate haiN| 132 423. apAyo'pagamaH, apanodaH apavyAdhaH apetamapagatamapaviddhamapanutyamityanarthAntaram tatvArthabhASya 1.15 pR. 82. 424. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13., sU 5.5.39 pR. 243 426. Avazyakiniryukti gAthA 3 425. dhavalA pu. 13 pR. 243 427. dhAraNA pratipattiryathAsvaM matyavasthAnamavadhAraNaM ca / tattvArthabhASya 1.15 pR. 82 428. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 291 430. pramANanayatattvAloka, sUtra 2.10 431. nizcitasyaiva vastuno'vicyutyAdirUpeNa dharaNaM dhAraNA / maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti, gAthA 178, pR. 80 432. maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti, gAthA 179, pR. 80 429. dhavalA pu. 13, sU. 5.5.23 pR. 218

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[184] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana dhAraNA kI prAcInatA prAcIna AgamoM meM 'dhitimaMtA' (dhRtimAn)433 'dhiI' (dhRti)434 'sati' (sativippahUNA - smRti vihIna)435 'uvahAraNayAe' (upadhAraNatA)436 bhagavatIsUtra meM pAMca vyavahAroM ke ullekha meM dhAraNA vyavahAra-37 tathA matijJAna ke avagrahAdi cAra bhedoM meM bhI dhAraNA kA ullekha hai| dhavalATIkAkAra vIrasenAcArya ne koSThabuddhi kA sambandha dhAraNA ke sAtha joDA hai / 39 dhAraNA ke prakAra dhAraNA ke tIna prakAra hote haiM - 1. avicyuti - jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra apAya dvArA nirNIta artha meM upayoga kI dhArA kA sAtatya rahatA hai, usase nivRtti nahIM honA avicyuti hai arthAt upayoga (jJAna kI pravRtti) kI dhArA kA avicchinna rahanA avicyuti hai| isakA kAla antarmuhUrta kA hai|40 yazovijaya kahate haiM ki gRhItagrAhI hone para bhI yaha pramANa rUpa hI hai, kyoMki spaSTatA, spaSTatama aise bhinna dharma vAlI vAsanA isase utpanna hotI hai, ataH yaha anya-anya vastu kI grAhakatA hai|141 2. vAsanA - jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra arthopayoga ke AvAraka karma ke kSayopazama se jIva usa upayoga se yukta hotA hai| isase kAlAntara meM indiya-pravRtti ke anukUla sAmagrI milane para vaha arthopayoga punaH smRti ke rUpa meM vyakta hotA hai arthAt avicyuti se AtmA meM jJAna ke saMskAra saMkhyAta-asaMkhyAta kAla taka bane rahanA vAsanA hai| vartamAna meM isakA upayoga nahIM hone para bhI kAlAntara meM punaH smRti meM yaha saMskAra rUpa vAsanA kAraNa banatI hai|42 nyAya-vaizeSika dArzanika saMskAra ko jJAna se bhinna mAnate haiN| jabaki jaina darzana usako jJAna rUpa mAnatA haiN| isameM bhI do mAnyatAeM haiM - akalaMka aura hemacandra vAsanA ko jJAna rUpa mAnate haiM, jabaki yazovijayajI isako aupacArika rUpa se jJAna rUpa mAnate haiN| 44 3. smRti - jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra kAlAntara meM vAsanA ke kAraNa indriyoM ke dvArA upalabdha anupalabdha usa artha kI mAnasa-paTala para smRti ubharatI hai arthAt kAlAntara meM kahIM pahale jaisA padArtha dekhane se saMskAra jAgRta hone para 'idaM tadeva' (yaha vahI hai) jise maine pahale dekhA thA,' aisA jJAna smRti hai| 45 malayagiri ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai| akalaMka Adi tArkika paramparA ke AcArya 'idaM tadeva' isa jJAna ko pratyabhijJAna kahate haiM, jisakA tattva aMza smRti hai|47 smRti ke hI do rUpa hote haiM - 1. avicyuti 2. vaasnaa| smRti ke dvArA yAda AyI huI bAta meM jaba taka upayoga rahatA hai, taba taka avicyuti aura jaba upayoga calA jAtA hai, taba vaasnaa| avicyuti dhAraNA hI vAsanA ko dRr3ha karatI hai, vAsanA jitanI dRr3ha hotI hai, nimitta milane para vaha smRti ko ubuddha karane meM utanI hI sabala kAraNa banatI hai| 433. sUtrakRtAMga zru. 1. a.9 gAthA 33 434. uttarAdhyayana a. 32 gAthA 3, sUtrakRtAMga 1.9.33 435. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, zru. 1 a. 5 u. 1 gAthA 9 436. sUtrakaMtAgasUtra zru. 2 a.7 437. paMcavihe vavahAre paNNatte, taM jahA - aagm-sut-aannaa-dhaarnnaa-jiie| bhagavatIsUtra za. 8 u. 8 pR. 337 438. bhagavatIsUtra za. 8 u. 2 pR. 152 439. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA) pu. 1 sU. 4.1.6 pR. 53-54 440. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 290 441. jainatarkabhASA pR. 19-20 442. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 291, malayagiri pR. 168 443. pramANamImAMsA, bhASA TippaNa, pR. 47 444. pramANamImAMsA, bhASA TippaNa, pR. 48, jainatarkabhASA pR. 20 445. maladhArI hemacandra vRtti gAthA 189 pR. 95 446, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR.168 447. laghIyatraya 3.10-11, pramANamImAMsA 1.2.2 se 4

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [185] naMdI kI hAribhadrIya TIkA ke anusAra avicyuti kA upayoga kAla antarmuhUrta aura smRti kA upayoga kAla antarmuhUrta ke bAda svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jaise kisI kA vartamAna meM dazavaikAlika sUtra meM upayoga nahIM hai, kintu smRti meM hai| isa vyAkhyA se smRti kA kAla saMkhyAta kAla aura asaMkhyAta kAla kA ho sakatA hai| smRti jaba dhUmila ho jAe aura kucha-kucha saMskAra rahe, jaise koI paricita sA vyakti lagatA hai, kintu yAda nahIM A rahA hai, vaha vAsanA hai| koI prasaMga nimitta se yAda dilAne para vaha vAsanA teja ho kara yAda A jAtA hai, vaha smRti ho gii| vAsanA labdhi rUpa hai, kintu smRti rUpa nahIM hai| jabaki malayagiri ne vAsanA rUpa dhAraNA kI sthiti saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta kAla kI tathA avicyuti smRti kI sthiti antarmuhUrta kI svIkAra kI hai|49 yadi kisI ko jAtismaraNa jJAna utpanna hotA hai, to vaha bhI dhAraNA (smRti) kI prabalatA se ho sakatA hai| pratyabhijJAna bhI isI kI dena hai| avAya ho jAne ke pazcAt phira bhI upayoga yadi usI meM lagA huA ho, to use avAya nahIM, apitu avicyuti dhAraNA kahate haiN| smRti kA prAmANya vaidikadarzana meM smRti gRhItagrAhI hone se pramANa nahIM hai|450 bauddhadarzana ke anusAra pratyakSa aura anumAna do hI pramANa hote haiM, isalie smRti pramANa nahIM hai| akalaMka, vidyAnaMda Adi jainAcAryoM ne ina matoM kA khaNDana karate hue smRti kA prAmANya siddha kiyA hai| yadi smRti ko pramANa rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kareMge to usake bAda hone vAle saMjJA (pratyabhijJAna), ciMtA, tarka aura anumAna ke uparAMta pratyakSa bhI apramANa rUpa ho jaaegaa|51 ataH smRti ke gRhItagrAhI hone se isakA prAmANya nahIM mAneMge to pratyabhijJAna, anumAna aura anumAnottara pramANa bhI apramANa mAnane hoMge, kyoMki ve bhI AMzika rUpa se gRhItagrAhI haiN| dhAraNA ke sambandha meM matAntara dhAraNA ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM do mata milate haiM - 1. pUjyapAda ke anusAra - avAya dvArA vastu ke nizcita jJAna kA kAlAntara meM vismaraNa nahIM hotA hai, dhAraNA hai| aisA hI ullekha akalaMka'54 ne bhI kiyA hai| akalaMka Adi ke anusAra smRti kA kAraNa saMskAra hai, jo jJAnarUpa hai, usI ko dhAraNA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai arthAt dhAraNA ko vAsanA (saMskAra) rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM, isa prakAra digambara paramparA meM vAsanA ko hI dhAraNA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jisakA vidyAnaMda'55 antavIrya, prabhAcandra Adi ne samarthana kiyA hai| jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra saMskAra karma-kSayopazamarUpa hone se AtmA kI zakti vizeSa mAtra hai, jJAna rUpa nahIM hai| 2. jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ke anusAra - 'aviccuI dhAraNA tassa' arthAt nirNayAtmaka jJAna kI avicchinna rUpa se sthiti dhAraNA kahalAtI hai| 56 yahA~ aviccuti ko upalakSaNa se mAnate hue 448. dhAraNAsaMkhyeyaMvA'kAlaM smRtivaasnaaruupaa| - hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 65 449. sA ca dhAraNA saMkhyeyamasaMkhyeyaM vA phAlaM yAvadvAsanArUpA draSTavyA, avicyutismRtyorajaghanyotkarSeNAntarmuhUrtapramANatvAt / - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 178 450, pramANamImAMsA bhASA TippaNa pR. 73-74 4 51. zlokavArtika 1.13.9.10,15 452. nyAyakumuda pR. 408 453. avetasyakAlAntare'vismaraNakAraNaM dhaarnnaa| - sarvArthasiddhi, 1.15 pR. 79 454. nirmaataarth'vismRtirdhaarnnaa| rAjAvartika 1.15.4 455. smRtihetuH sA dhaarnnaa| zlokavArtika 1.15.4 456. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 180

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[186] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana avicyuti, vAsanA (saMskAra) aura smRti ina tInoM ko dhAraNA rUpa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra jinabhadragaNi dhAraNA ke tIna arthoM kA pratipAdana karate haiN| prathama artha ke anusAra avAya ke pazcAt tatsambaddha artha ke upayoga kA nAza nahIM honA, dhAraNA hai, jise avicyuti bhI kahA gayA hai| dvitIya artha meM jJAta viSaya kA jIva ke sAtha vAsanA rUpa saMskAra ko dhAraNA kahA gayA hai| tIsare artha ke anusAra jisase kAlAntara meM smRti hotI hai, use bhI dhAraNA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| aisA hI ullekha jinadAsagaNi, haribhadra, vAdidevasUri, maladhArI hemacandra, malayagiri, yazovijaya Adi ne kiyA hai|58 zvetAmbarAcArya hemacandra ne akalaMka kA anusaraNa karate hue jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ke mantavya kA samanvaya karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| 59 hemacandra kahate haiM ki smRti atIta kA anusaMdhAna karane vAlI hotI hai, usakA kAraNa dhAraNA hai jo saMskAra rUpa hai aura vaha pratyakSa kA bheda hone se jJAna rUpa hai| vaizeSika saMskAra ko ajJAna rUpa mAnate haiM, lekina yaha ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki saMskAra ko ajJAna rUpa mAnane para vaha AtmA (cetana) kA artha nahIM ho skegaa| isalie pUrvAcAryoM ne jo avicyuti ko dhAraNA rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai, vaha sahI hai| lekina avicyuti kA samAveza avAya meM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki avAyajJAna utpanna hone ke bAda dIrgha-dIrghatara kAla taka rahatA hai, isalie vaha avAya avicyuti rUpa hai, isalie usakA pRthak se kathana nahIM kiyA hai| athavA avicyuti bhI smRti kA hetu hone se usakA antarbhAva dhAraNA meM kiyA hai| kyoMki binA avicyuti ke avAya mAtra se smRti utpanna nahIM ho sakatI hai| ataH smRti ke hetu rUpa meM avicyuti aura saMskAra donoM kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra hemacandra ne avicyuti ko bhI apratyakSa rUpa se svIkAra karake jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ke sAtha samanvaya karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| pUjyapAda kI paramparA ke AcAryoM ne usako zrutajJAna ke rUpa aura jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa kI paramparA ke AcAryoM ne smRti ko matijJAna rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| vidyAnaMda ne zabdAnuyojanA rahita mati ko smRti rUpa aura zabdAnuyojanA sahita smRti ko zruta rUpa mAnakara donoM ko samanvaya karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| dhAraNA ke sambandha meM prApta matAntara kA jinabhadragaNidvArA samAdhAna___jinabhadragaNi ne anya darzanoM kI ora se prazna uThAte hue kahA hai ki avicyuti, smRti gRhItagrAhI hone se tathA vAsanA saMkhyAta/asaMkhyAta kAla kI hone se dhAraNA rUpa nahIM ho sakatI hai, ataH matijJAna kA dhAraNA rUpI bheda ghaTita nahIM hone se matijJAna ke tIna hI bheda prApta hoMge, cAra nhiiN| isake sambandha meM jinabhadragaNi ke uttara kA sArAMza nimna prakAra se hai 1. avicyuti meM prathama, dvitIya Adi bAra apAya dvArA jo vastu gRhIta hai, unakA kAla bhinna hai, unameM gRhItagrAhitA kA doSa nahIM AtA hai| avicyuti rUpa se dvitIyA, tRtIyA Adi apAya kA viSaya banane vAlI vastueM bhinna-bhinna dharmavAlI hotI haiN| vaha alaga-alaga vAsanA rUpa hotI hai, isalie avicyuti gRhItagrAhI nahIM hai| 2. smRti bhI gRhItagrAhI nahIM hai, kyoMki pUrvasamaya aura uttara samaya meM aviSayakRta vastu ke ekatva ko grahaNa karatI hai| 457. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 290 458. naMdIcUrNi pR. 56, hAribhadrIya pR. 57, pramANanayatatvAloka 2.10, maladhArI hemacandra vRtti gAthA 180 pR. 81, malayagiri pR. 168 459. smRtiheturdhaarnnaa| - pramANamImAMsA 1.1.29 460. pramANamImAMsA, 1.1.29 461. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 188-189, pramANamImAMsA, 1.2.2

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [187] 3. vAsanA bhI upacAra se jJAna rUpa hai, ata: jinabhadragaNi ke matAnusAra avicyuti, smRti aura vAsanA rUpa dhAraNA kA svarUpa siddha hai| 4. dhAraNA ke sambandha meM katipaya AcAryoM kA mata hai ki 'avadhAraNameva dhAraNA' arthAt avadhAraNa hI dhAraNA hai| sadbhUtArtha-vizeSAvadhAraNa hI dhAraNA hai| sadbhUta yAnI vivakSita pradeza meM vidyamAna vRkSa Adi padArtha vizeSa 'yaha vRkSa hI hai' isa rUpa meM avadhAraNa karanA dhAraNA hai| jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ke mantavyAnusAra yaha ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki vyatireka 'apAya' aura anvaya 'dhAraNA' rUpa hai| isa prakAra apAya ke do bheda hone se matijJAna ke pAMca bheda prApta hoNge| avagraha, IhA, avAya, dhAraNA aura pAMcaveM bheda ke rUpa meM smRti ko svIkAra karanA hogaa| anyavAdI kahate haiM ki hamAre kathana ke anusAra to vyatireka se hone vAlA nizcaya apAya aura anvaya ke AdhAra para hone vAlA nizcaya dhAraNA hai, isase matijJAna ke cAra hI bheda hoNge| athavA anvaya aura vyatireka kA samanvaya apAya meM hI kara liyA jAtA hai, to dhAraNA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hone se matijJAna ke avagraha, IhA aura apAya ye tIna hI bheda prApta hoNge| jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki jisa samaya 'yaha vRkSa hI hai' isa prakAra kA nizcayAtmaka 'apAya' huA usake bAda bhI, antarmuhUrta taka 'yaha vRkSa hI hai' isa prakAra avicyuti (nirantaratA) rUpa apAya kI pravRtti hotI rahatI hai, vaha bhI prathama pravRtta apAya ke alAvA dhAraNA hai| ataH hamAre mata se bhI avicyuti, vAsanA aura smRti rUpa dhAraNA kA sadbhAva siddha hotA hai, isase matijJAna ke cAra hI bheda prApta hoNge| 5. dhAraNA ko bhI bhAva rUpa mAnanA hI hogA, ataH anvaya aura vyatireka ke alAvA kiyA gayA sArA nizcaya apAya rUpa hI hai, isa apekSA se avicyuti, smRti aura vAsanA rUpa dhAraNA usa apAya se bhinna hI hai|163 6. avagraha ke sambandha meM parapakSI ko jAti-bheda iSTa nahIM hai arthAt vyaMjanAvagraha aura arthAvagraha kA Apane sAmAnya rUpa se avagraha meM hI grahaNa kiyA hai, vaise hI hamako (svapakSI) bhI dhAraNA avicyuti, vAsanA aura smRti ke rUpa se bhinna svIkAra nahIM hai| hamane bhI ina tInoM kA samAveza dhAraNA meM hI kara liyA hai, isalie matijJAna ke avagrahAdi cAra bheda hI hoNge| ata: Apake dvArA mati ke chaha bhedoM (avagraha, IhA, avAya, avicyuti, vAsanA aura smRti) kI jo zaMkA uThAI hai, usakA svataH nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai| 64 dhAraNA ke bheda avAya ke dvArA nirNaya kiye gaye padArtha-jJAna ko jJAna meM dhAraNa karanA, 'dhAraNA' hai| dhAraNA ke chaha bheda haiM - 1. zrotrendriya dhAraNA, 2. cakSurindriya dhAraNA, 3. ghrANendriya dhAraNA, 4. jihvendriya dhAraNA, 5. sparzanendriya dhAraNA tathA 6. anindriya dhaarnnaa||65 dhAraNA ke paryAyavAcI nAma dhAraNA ke paryAyavAcI pA~ca nAma haiN| yathA - 1. dharaNA, 2. dhAraNA, 3. sthApanA, 4. pratiSThA aura 5. koSTha 66 ina pA~coM nAmoM meM se pahalA nAma avicyuti svarUpa hai, dUsarA nAma smRti svarUpa 462. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 185-189 evaM bRhadvRtti kA bhAvArtha 463. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 190 464. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 191-192 evaM bRhadvRtti kA bhAvArtha 465. naMdIsUtra, pR. 132 466. naMdIsUtra, pR. 132

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[188] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana kA hai aura antima tIna nAma vAsanA svarUpa ke haiN| pAMcoM paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke artha naMdIcUrNi, hAribhadrIya vRtti aura malayagiri vRtti ke AdhAra para nimna prakAra se haiM - 1. dharaNA - jAne hue padArtha jJAna ko antarmuhUrta taka dRr3hatApUrvaka upayoga meM dhAraNa kiye rahanA-'dharaNA' hai| yaha avicyuti rUpa hai| yaha dhAraNA kI prathama avasthA hai| 2. dhAraNA - jaghanya antarmuhUrta evaM utkRSTa asaMkhyAta kAla ke bAda bhI usa padArtha ke jJAna kA smaraNa honA 'dhAraNA' hai| yaha dhAraNA kI dUsarI avasthA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne isakA eka artha avAya kI avicyuti kiyA hai| 3. sthApanA - usa padArtha jJAna ko pUrvApara hone para bhI AlocanApUrvaka hRdaya meM jaghanya antarmuhUrta utkRSTa asaMkhyAta kAla taka sthApita kiye rakhanA 'sthApanA' hai| yaha dhAraNA kI tIsarI avasthA hai| jinadAsagaNi ke anusAra avAya meM jJAta artha ko hRdaya meM sthApita karanA sthApanA hai| haribhadra aura malayagiri ne isa sthApanA ko vAsanA rUpa mAnA hai| haribhadra ne isa sambandha meM matAntara kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki kucha AcAryoM ke mata se dhAraNA vAsanA rUpa aura sthApanA smRti rUpa hai|169 4. pratiSThA - usa padArtha jJAna ko bheda-prabheda pUrvaka hRdaya meM rakhanA-pratiSThA' hai| jaise ki jala meM patthara nIce jAkara pratiSThita hotA hai| yaha dhAraNA kI cauthI avasthA hai| 5. koSTha - jaise koThe meM rakhA huA dhAna pUrNataH surakSita rahatA hai, vaise hI padArtha jJAna kA pUrNatayA hRdaya meM rahanA arthAt avadhArita artha kA vinaSTa nahIM honA 'koSTha' hai| yaha dhAraNA kI pAMcavI avasthA hai| jinadAsagaNi, haribhadra aura malayagiri ke anusAra dharaNa, dhAraNA aura sthApanA anukrama se avicyuti, smRti aura vAsanA rUpa hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI naMdI ke samAna pAMca hI zabda haiM, lekina antara itanA hai ki naMdIsUtra meM pahalA bheda dharaNA hai aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM dharaNI hai| dUsarA antara naMdI meM cauthA bheda pratiSThA aura pAMcavAM bheda koSTha hai jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama meM cauthA bheda koSTha aura pAMcavAM bheda pratiSThA hai|70 tattvArthabhASya meM dhAraNA, pratipatti, avadhAraNa, avasthAna, nizcaya, avagama aura avabodha zabda milate haiM, lekina vahA~ inake arthoM ko spaSTa nahIM kiyA hai| dhavalATIkA ke anusAra jo buddhi nirNIta artha ko dhAraNa kare vaha dharaNI hai| jisase nirNIta rUpa artha dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha dhAraNA hai| jisase nirNIta rUpa se artha kI sthApanA hotI hai, vaha sthApanA hai| jo nirNIta artha ko dhAraNa karatI hai, vaha buddhi koSThA hai| jisameM vinAza ke binA padArtha pratiSThita rahe vaha buddhi pratiSThA hai|72 jinadAsagaNI Adi AcAryoM ke anusAra nirNIta artha ko bheda-prabheda sahita hRdaya meM sthApanA karanA pratiSThA hai, jabaki dhavalATIkA ke anusAra vinAza ke binA artha kI pratiSThA ko pratiSThA kahA hai| koSTha meM donoM kA artha samAna hai, lekina naMdI TIkA meM avinAza ko koSTha kI vyAkhyA meM aura dhavalATIkA meM ise pratiSThA kI vyAkhyA meM AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra naMdI ke TIkAkAroM ne dharaNA Adi tIna ko dhAraNA ke tIna bhedoM ke rUpa meM samajhAyA hai| jabaki dhavalATIkA meM inakA vyutpatti paraka artha kiyA hai| 467. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 60, hAribhadrIya, pR. 60, malayagiri, pR. 177 468. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 180 469. naMdIcUrNi pR. 60, hAribhadrIya pR. 60, malayagiri pR. 177 470. dharaNI dhAraNATThavaNA koTThA pvitttthaa| - SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13 sU. 5.5.40 pR. 243 471, dhAraNA pratipattiravadhAraNAvasthAnaM nizcayaH avagamaH avabodha itynrthaantrm| - tattvArthabhASya 1.15 pR. 82 472. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA) pu. 13 sU. 5.5.40 pR. 243

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [189] jAtismaraNajJAna bhI matijJAna kA hI eka rUpa jAtismaraNa jJAna kA artha hai-'pUrva bhava meM jo zabda Adi rUpI-arUpI padArthoM kA jJAna kiyA thA, unakA vartamAna bhava meM smaraNa meM aanaa|' lekina isameM pUrvabhavoM kI saba bAtoM kA smaraNa honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| jo gaharAI se smRti meM aMkita hotI hai, vahI bAteM yAda AtI haiN| jaise hama aneka sthAnoM para ghUmane jAte haiM, saba sthAnoM kI saba bAteM yAda nahIM rahatI haiN| kintu mukhya-mukhya bAteM yAda rahatI haiN| isa janma kI smRti AnA smRti mAtra hai jAtismaraNa nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha jJAna anya janma kA nahIM hai| AgamakAroM ne jAtismaraNa kA samAveza dhAraNA ke tIsare bheda-smRti ke antargata kiyA hai| pUrva bhava smaraNa rUpa jAtismaraNa jJAna, kevala paryApta saMjJI jIvoM ko hI hotA hai| jAtismaraNa se pichale saMjJI bhava hI smaraNa meM Ate haiN| yadi pichale lagAtAra saikar3oM bhava saMjJI ke kiye hoM aura kSayopazama tIvra ho to jAti smaraNa se ve saikar3oM bhava bhI smaraNa meM A sakate haiN| 've bhava 900 taka ho sakate haiM' aisI eka dhAraNA hai, anya dhAraNA se 900 se Upara bhI saMbhava hai| jaise-jaise jAtismaraNa se pUrvabhava ko dekhegA vaise-vaise smRti meM mandatA Ane ke kAraNa jAtismaraNa kA viSaya kama hotA jaayegaa| jAtismaraNajJAna parabhava meM sAtha nahIM jAtA hai, kyoMki jAtismaraNa meM smRti kA viSaya kama hone se bhavAntara meM jAte hue jIva meM smRtibhaMga ho jAne se sAtha nahIM calatA hai| kintu punaH nimatti milane se jAtismaraNa ho sakatA hai| kitane bhavoM taka lagAtAra ho sakatA hai, isakA spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA hai| lekina jJAtAdharmakathAMga sUtra ke prathama adhyayana meM do bhavoM meM hone kA ullekha hai| AcArAMgasUtra kI TIkA meM jAtismaraNa jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnA hai, jabaki naMdIsUtra kI TIkA meM isako parokSa jJAna kahA hai| nandIsUtra meM mati ke paryAyavAcI nAmoM meM IhA, apoha, mArgaNA, smRti Adi ke nAma Aye haiM aura IhA, apoha, mArgaNA se pUrva anubhUta bhavoM kA smaraNa honA hI jAtismaraNa hai| ataH smaraNa honA matijJAna hai| isalie jAtismaraNa ko mati ke andara arthAt parokSajJAna meM liyA hai| jAtismaraNa se pUrvabhava kI smRti hokara vairAgyAdi bar3hAne meM sAdhaka hone se use bhI pratyakSa ke samAna kaha diyA gayA hai| jaise ki nandIsUtra meM matijJAna ko indriya pratyakSa ke rUpa meM batAyA hI hai| ata: sAMvyAvahArika pratyakSa hone se jAtismaraNa ko AcArAMga kI TIkA meM pratyakSa kahA gayA hai| SaTakhaNDAgama, tattvArthabhASya aura naMdIsUtra meM avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ke paryAyavAcI nAmoM meM jo bhinnatA hai, usako cArTa dvArA darzAyA gayA hai - avagraha naMdI sUtra avagrahaNa upAdhAraNa zravaNa avalaMbana medhA SaTkhaNDAgama avagraha avadAna(avadhAna) sAna avalambatA medhA tattvArtha bhASya avagraha graha grahaNa Alocana avadhAraNa IhA naMdI sUtra Abhoga mArgaNA gaveSaNA ciMtA vimarza SaTkhaNDAgama IhA UhA apohA mArgaNA gaveSaNA mImAMsA tattvArtha bhASya IhA vicAraNA jijJAsA avAya naMdI sUtra Avartana pratyAvartana apAya buddhi vijJAna SaTkhaNDAgama avAya vyavasAya buddhi vijJapti AmuMDA pratyAmuMDA tattvArtha bhASya apAya apagama apanoda apavyAdha apeta apagata dhAraNA naMdI sUtra dharaNA dhAraNA sthApanA pratiSThA koSTha SaTkhaNDAgama dhAraNI dhAraNA sthApanA koSThA pratiSThA tattvArtha bhASya pratipatti avadhAraNA avasthAna nizcaya avagama avabodha UhA tarka parIkSA

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[190] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana avagraha Adi kA kAla naMdIsatra ke anasAra - 1. avagraha (arthAvagraha) kA kAla 'eka samaya' hai| 2. IhA kA kAla 'antarmuhUrta' hai| 3. avAya kA kAla bhI 'antarmuhUrta' hai| 4. vAsanArUpa dhAraNA kA kAla eka bhava Azrita saMkhyAta varSa kI AyuSya vAloM ke lie saMkhyAta kAla aura asaMkhyAta varSa kI AyuSya vAloM ke lie asaMkhyAta kAla hai|73 jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ke anusAra - naizcayika arthAvagraha kA kAla eka samaya, vyaMjanAvagraha tathA vyAvahArika arthAvagraha kA kAla antarmuhUrta, IhA aura apAya kA kAla antarmuhUrta, avicyuti aura smRti rUpa dhAraNA kA kAla bhI antarmuhUrta, vAsanA rUpa dhAraNA kA kAla saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta kAla taka kA hai| 74 haribhadrasUri naizcayika arthAvagraha kA kAlamAna eka samaya aura sAMvyavahArika arthAvagraha kA samaya antarmuhUrta mAnate haiN| 75 ___avagraha - naMdIsUtra meM avagraha ke lie "asaMkheja samaya paviTThA puggalA ghnnmaagcchnti|" tathA 'uggaha ikka samayaM' donoM prakAra ke pATha milate haiN| inameM prathama pATha vyaMjanAvagraha ke lie hai tathA dvitIya pATha arthAvagraha ke lie hai| jIva ko jaba cAra indriyoM (cakSu rahita) dvArA padArtha kA sAmAnya jJAna (darzana) hotA hai, to pahale asaMkhyAtA samaya taka vyaMjana avagraha, phira eka samaya kA arthAvagraha phira IhA Adi hotI hai| isI prakAra Avazyakaniyukti ke anusAra avagraha kA kAla eka samaya hai| 76 paraMtu avagraha ke aMta meM aneka samaya vyatIta hote haiM, isakI saMgati baiThAne ke lie AcAryoM ne avagraha ke do bheda karake paraMparA se prApta (niyuktigata) kAlamAna ke eka samaya ko naizcayika arthAvagraha, bAkI ke kAla (aMtarmuhUrta) ko vyaMjanAvagraha rUpa svIkAra kiyA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya aura naMdIsUtra ke TIkAkAroM ne vyaMjanAvagraha ke jaghanya aura utkRSTa kAla kA ullekha kiyA hai| jaiseki vyaMjanAvagraha kA jaghanya kAla - AvalikA kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga, utkRSTa kAla - saMkhyAta AvalikA hai| saMkhyAta AvalikA kA kAla bhI pRthaktva arthAt 2 se 9 zvAsocchvAsa jitanA hai| haribhadrasUri spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki vaise to aMtima samaya meM spRSTa pudgala hI jJAna ke utpAdaka banate haiM aura zeSa spRSTa pudgala sahayogI hote haiM, isalie asaMkhyAta samaya ke spRSTa yA praviSTa pudgaloM kA jJAna hotA hai| malayagiri ne bhI isakA anumodana kiyA hai| aisA hI ullekha paM. sukhalAlajI ne karmagraMtha bhAga eka kI cauthI gAthA ke vivecana meM kiyA hai| parantu uparyukta varNita jaghanya aura utkRSTa sthiti meM asaMkhyAta guNA kA antara ho jAtA hai, jo ki ucita nahIM lagatA hai, kyoMki prajJApanA sUtra ke pandrahaveM pada meM pAMca indriyoM ke upayoga kAla meM vizeSAdhika kA hI antara batAyA hai| vyaMjanAvagraha meM asaMkhya samaya kyoM lagate haiM aura arthAvagraha eka samaya meM kyoM hotA hai'-yaha samajhAne ke liye naMdIsUtra meM varNita mallaka ke dRSTAMta meM jaise zakorA bhara jAne ke pazcAt usake 473. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 191 474. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 333 475. hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti pR. 69 476. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 4 477. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 333, malayigiri pR. 169 478. naMdIcUrNi pR. 63, hAribhadrIya pR. 65, malayagiri pR. 179

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tRtIya adhyAya vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM matijJAna [191] bahane meM mAtra eka jalabindu cAhie, vaise hI zrotrendriya kA vyaMjanAvagraha pUrA hone ke pazcAt zrotrendriya kA arthAvagraha hone meM eka samaya lagatA hai / 179 prazna- eka samaya ke arthAvagraha meM upayoga kaise legegA ? uttara aMtima samaya hai athavA asaMkhya samayoM meM upayoga lage usakA pahalA samaya hai / - arthAvagraha kA jo eka samaya hai vaha jJAna taMtuoM meM jhaMkRta hone vAle samayoM meM prazna - arthAvagraha ke lie naMdIsUtra meM jo mallakAdi ke dRSTAnta diye haiM, ve naizcayika arthAvagraha ke hai athavA vyAvahArika arthAvagraha ke haiM ? - uttara - arthAvagraha ke lie jo bhI dRSTAnta diye gae haiM, ve vyAvahArika arthAvagraha ke haiM, kyoMki dRSTAnta vahI diyA jAtA hai| jo ki anubhava gamya ho aura zabda dvArA prakaTa kiyA jA sakatA ho / naizcayika arthAvagraha eka samaya kA hone se usakA jJAna itanA avyakta hai ki 'chadmastha usakA anubhava nahIM kara sakate haiM aura kevalI use jAnate hue bhI prakaTa nahIM kara sakate haiN|' vyAvahArika arthAvagraha hI aisA hai, jo chadmastha ke lie anubhava gamya hai aura vANI dvArA prakaTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| isIlie usakA nAma vyAvahArika rakhA gayA hai| IhA Adi ke jo dRSTAnta hoMge, ve bhI vyAvahArika arthAvagraha ke bAda hI ghaTita hoNge| IhA aura avAya Avazyaka niyukti meM IhA aura avAya ke kAlamAna ke sambandha meM pAThabheda hai| jinabhadragaNi svopajJa, hAribhadrIya AvazyakaTIkA, Avazyakaniryukti dIpikA aura malayagiri AvazyakavRtti meM 'IhAvAyA muhuttamanta tu 480 pATha hai, jinabhadragaNi ne isakA artha antarmuhUrtta kiyA hai| jabaki naMdIsUtra meM 'IhAvAyA muhuttamaddhaM tu '481 pATha hai, jisakA artha hai ki IhA aura avAya kA kAla arddhamuhUrta kA hai| isI prakAra naMdIsUtra meM hI ullekha hai ki 'aMtomuhuttiyA IhA, aMtomuhuttie avAya '482 jisakA artha hai ki IhA avAya kA antarmuhUrtta hai, yaha matAntara hai / naMdI ke TIkAkAra haribhadra aura malayagiri dUsare pATha kA anusaraNa karake isakA artha arddhamuhUrta (24 miniTa) karate haiN| jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ke mata ko pAThAntara se svIkAra karate haiM evaM haribhadrasUri donoM pAThoM meM sambandha sthApita karate hue kahate haiM ki IhA kA muhUrttArddha kAla vyavahAra kI apekSA se hai / 1483 vAstava meM IhA aura avAya kA kAlamAna antarmuhUrta kA hI hai 1984 koTyAcArya kRta vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI TIkA meM bhI 'muhattamantaM' ko pAThabheda ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 485 isase aisI saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai ki usa samaya meM 'muhuttamaddhaM' pATha vizeSa pracilata rahA hogaa| isIlie naMdIsUtra kA spaSTa pATha hote hue bhI haribhadra evaM malayagiri ne 'muhuttamaddhaM' ko mahattva diyA hai| dhAraNA - dhAraNA jaghanya antarmuhUrtta tathA utkRSTa saMkhyAta / asaMkhyAta kAla kI hotI hai / - 479. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 194 480 uggaho ekkaM samayaM IhAvAyA muhUttamantaM tu / kAlamasaMkhaM saMkhaM ca dhAraNA hoti NAtavyA / A0 niryukti 4, vi0bhASya 333 481. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra pR. 143 482. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra pR. 134 483. tAvIhApAyau muhUrttArddha jJAtavyau bhavataH, tatra muhUrttazabdena ghaTikAdvayapariNAmaH kAlo'bhidhIyate tasyArdhaM muhUrttArthaM / ...... vyavahArApekSayaitanmuhUrttArdhamuktaM, tattvatastvantarmuhUrttamavaseyamiti / - hAribhadrIya naMdIvRtti, pR. 69 484. Avazyaka niryukti 4, naMdIsUtra 60, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 333 485. koTyAcAyavRtti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 333

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[192] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana avagraha Adi kA nizcita krama aura paraspara bhinnatA jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hai| usI upayoga kI bhinna-bhinna avasthAeM hotI haiM aura vahI avasthAeM yahA~ darzana, avagraha, IhA Adi bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se batAI gaI haiN| ina avasthAoM se upayoga kI utpatti aura uttarottara vikAsa kA krama jAnA jAtA hai| jaise pratyeka manuSya zizu, bAlaka, kumAra, yuvaka, praur3ha Adi avasthAoM ko krama-pUrvaka hI prApta karatA hai, usI prakAra upayoga bhI darzana, avagraha Adi avasthAoM ko krama se pAra karatA huA hI dhAraNA kI avasthA prApta karatA hai| zizu Adi avasthAoM meM manuSya eka hI hai, phira bhI pariNamana ke bheda se avasthAeM bhinna-bhinna kahalAtI haiM, usI prakAra upayoga eka hone para bhI pariNamana (vikAsa) kI dRSTi se avagraha Adi bhinna-bhinna kahalAte haiN| jaina paribhASA meM isI ko dravyArthika naya kI apekSA abheda aura paryAyArthika naya kI apekSA bheda kahate haiN| avagrahAdi cAroM kA nizcita krama hai, isakA ullekha bhASyakAra ne nimna prakAra se kiyA hai - avagraha Adi cAroM kA krama niyamita hai| inakA utkrama yA vyatikrama hone para athavA eka kA bhI abhAva hone para vastu ke svabhAva kA avabodha nahIM hotaa| avagraha se agRhIta vastu meM IhA pravRtta nahIM hotii| binA IhA (avicArita) ke avAya (nizcaya) nahIM hotaa| anizcita athavA ajJAta artha kI dhAraNA nahIM hotii| isalie avagraha Adi kramazaH hote haiN| avagrahAdi cAra uttarottara vastu kI vizeSa paryAya ko grahaNa karate haiM, ataH ye paraspara bhinna-bhinna hote haiN| ye cAroM yugapat (samakAlIna) nahIM hote, kyoMki inakA utpatti samaya alaga-alaga hai| inakA vyutkrama (yA utkrama) bhI nahIM hotaa| jJeya kA svabhAva aisA hI hai, jo kevala avagraha, kevala IhA, kevala avAya yA kevala dhAraNA kA viSaya nahIM hotA hai|86 isI prakAra asamasta rUpa se bhI utpanna hone ke kAraNa avagrahAdi bhinna-bhinna svabhAva vAle mAlUma hote haiM, vastu kI navIna-navIna paryAya ko prakAzita karate haiM aura krama se utpanna hote haiM, ataH avagraha Adi bhinna-bhinna haiN| isake lie vAdidevasUri ne pramANanayatattvAloka meM tIna hetu diye haiM - 1. kabhI mAtra darzana hI hotA hai, kabhI darzana aura avagraha do hI utpanna hote haiM, isI prakAra kabhI tIna, kabhI cAra jJAna bhI utpanna hote haiN| isase pratIta hotA hai ki darzana, avagraha Adi bhinnabhinna haiN| yadi ye abhinna hote to eka sAtha pAMcoM jJAna utpanna hote athavA eka bhI na hotaa| 2. padArtha kI naI-naI paryAya ko prakAzita karane ke kAraNa bhI darzana Adi bhinna-bhinna siddha hote haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki sarvaprathama darzana padArtha meM rahane vAle mahA sAmAnya ko jAnatA hai, phira avagraha avAntara sAmAnya ko jAnatA hai, IhA vizeSa kI ora jhukatA hai, avAya vizeSa kA nizcaya kara detA hai aura dhAraNA meM yaha nizcaya dRr3ha bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra pratyeka jJAna navIna-navIna dharma ko jAnatA hai aura isase, unameM bheda siddha hotA hai| 3. pahale darzana phira avagraha Adi isa prakAra krama se hI ye jJAna utpanna hote haiM, ata: bhinnabhinna haiN| isa prakAra vAdidevasUri ne bhASyakAra kA hI anukaraNa kiyA hai|487 zaMkA - kabhI paricita (abhyasta) viSaya meM jaise ki kabhI (dekhane sambandhI) 'yaha puruSa hai' isa prakAra avagraha aura IhA ko chor3akara sIdhA apAya honA bhI pratIta hotA hai, isI prakAra kabhI 486. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 295-297 487. pramANanayatattvAloka, pRSTha 19-20

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [193] kabhI pUrvajJAta vastu ke sAmane Ane para 'yaha vaha hai' aisI dhAraNA bhI hotI hai, ataH Apane jo krama se cAroM kI pravRtti hone kA kathana kiyA hai, vaha saMgata pratIta nahIM hotA hai| samAdhAna - jinabhadragaNi isakA uttara dete hue kahate haiM ki ApakA kathana yukta nahIM hai, kyoMki avagrahAdi ke durlakSya hone se, jaise ki koI javAna vyakti saikar3oM kamalapatroM ko sUI Adi se bIMdhatA huA yaha vicAra karatA hai ki maiMne eka sAtha sau pattoM ko cheda diyA hai, lekina usakA yaha kathana ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki pratyeka patte ke bIMdhane kA samaya alaga alaga hai| kintu vaha kAla atisUkSma hone se alaga-alaga rUpa se pratIta nahIM hotA hai arthAt jo vastu atyanta paricita hotI hai, usameM pahale darzana hotA hai, phira avagrahAdi jJAna krama se hote haiM lekina yaha sUkSma prakriyA hone se jJAtA jAna nahIM pAtA hai| jJAtA ko lagatA hai ki use sIdhA avAya yA dhAraNA kA jJAna huA hai| cAhe koI bhI vastu jJAtA ke kitanI hI paricita ho, lekina jaba bhI usa vastukA jJAna hogA to vaha darzana, avagrahAdi ke krama se hotA huA avAya yA dhAraNA taka pahu~catA hai| jaise eka-dUsare ke Upara kamala ke sau patte rakhakara unameM nukIlA bhAlA ghuser3A jAe to ve saba patte krama se hI chideMge para yaha mAlUma nahIM par3a pAtA ki bhAlA kaba pahale patte meM ghusA, kaba usase bAhara nikalA, kaba dUsare patte meM ghusA aadi| jisakA kAraNa zIghratA hI hai| jaba bhAle kA vega itanA tIvra ho sakatA hai to sUkSmatara jJAna kA vega usase bhI adhika tIvra kyoM na hogA? ataH avagraha Adi kA kAla bhI atisUkSma hotA hai jo ki pratIta nahIM hotA hai, lekina avagrahAdi krama se hI sampanna hote haiN|88 jinadAsagaNI, malayagiri, yazovijayajI ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai|189 avagrahAdi ke bahu-bahuvidha Adi bheda jinabhadragaNi ne zrutanizrita mati ke antargata avagraha Adi ke bahu-abahu, bahuvidha-abahuvidha, kSipraakSipra, anizrita-nizrita, nizcita-anizcita, dhruva-adhruva ina bAraha bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai|300 ina bAraha bhedoM kA sarvaprathama nAmollekha tattvArthasUtra meM milatA hai| lekina inako paribhASita pUjyapAda ne kiyA hai| ukta bAraha bhedoM meM se kucha bhedoM ke nAma tathA artha meM bhI kAlakrama se parivartana huA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne inakA artha spaSTa karate hue AvazyakatA anusAra udAharaNa bhI diye haiM tathA haribhadra, akalaMka ne sodAharaNa inakI vyAkhyA kI hai| tattvArthabhASya, sarvArthasiddhi, vizeSAvazyakabhASya aura dhavalATIkA meM bahu Adi ke nAmoM meM prApta bhinnatA kA ullekha nimna sAraNI dvArA kiyA gayA hai|91 umAsvAti pUjyapAda jinabhadragaNi vIrasenAcArya bahu-alpa bahu-alpa bahu-abahu bahu-eka bahuvidha-ekavidha bahuvidha-ekavidha bahuvidha-abahuvidha bahuvidha-ekavidha kSipra-cira kSipra-akSipra kSipra-akSipra kSipra-akSipra nizrita-anizrita aniHsRta-niHsRta anizrita-nizrita aniHsRta-ni:sRta asaMdigdha-saMdigdha anukta-ukta nizcita-anizcita anukta-ukta dhruva-adhruva dhruva-adhruva dhruva-adhruva dhruva-adhruva 488. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 298-299 489. naMdIcUrNi pR. 64, hAribhadrIya pR. 66, malayagiri pR. 183, jainatarkabhASA pR. 20 490. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 307 491. sarvArthasiddha 1.16, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 307, rAjavArtika 1.16.15, SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13, sU. 5.5.34, pR. 235-236, malayagiri pR. 183, jainatarkabhASA pR. 21

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[194] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana inakA svarUpa nimna prakAra se hai - ___ 1. bahu - eka kAla meM eka sAtha bahuta padArtha jAnanA bahu hai| pUjyapAda ke anusAra bahu zabda saMkhyAvAcI (eka, do. bahuta) aura vipulatAvAcI (bahuta bhAta, bahuta dAla) hai| dono kA yahA~ grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra eka sAtha zaMkha, mRdaMga Adi aneka vAdya yaMtra bajate haiM to usameM se yaha zabda zaMkha kA hai, yaha muMdaga kA hai, isa prakAra alaga-alaga pahacAna karanA bahu hai| akalaMka ne pUjyapAda kA anusaraNa karate hue kahA hai ki bahu bheda se bauddha jo jJAna ko pratyarthavazavarti (eka samaya meM eka hI padArtha ko viSaya karane vAlA) mAnate haiM, usakA khaNDana hotA hai| akalaMka ne isa carcA kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai, dhavalATIkA meM bhI akalaMka kA hI anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai|92 2. alpa (abahu)- alpa grahaNa ko alpa kahate haiM arthAt kisI eka hI viSaya yA eka hI paryAya ko svalpamAtrA meM jaannaa| vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra zrotA ko alpa kSayopazama ke kAraNa zaMkha, mRdaMga Adi aneka vAdya yaMtra bajate haiM to sAmAnya rUpa se unakI AvAja kA jJAna honA alpa hai arthAt eka kAla meM eka padArtha jaannaa| artha kI samAnatA hote hue bhI 'alpa'493 'abahu'494 aura 'eka' (dhavalATIkA) ina tIna zabdoM kA upayoga hotA hai, lekina artha bheda nahIM hai| 3. bahuvidha -pUjyapAda aura akalaMka ke anusAra vidha zabda prakAravAcI hai| jinabhadragaNi mantavyAnusAra eka kAla meM eka yA aneka padArthoM ko aneka guNa aura paryAyoM se jAnanA bahuvidha bheda hai| jaise zaMkha, bherI Adi ke eka-eka zabda ke snigdhatva, madhuratva Adi aneka dharmoM ko eka sAtha grahaNa krnaa| dhavalA TIkA meM jAtigata bahuta saMkhyA viziSTa arthoM kA jJAna bahuvidhajJAna hai|195 pUjyapAda ne bahu aura bahuvidha meM antara batAye hue kahA hai ki bahu to eka prakAra aura bahuvidha aneka prakAra rUpa hai| 4. ekavidha (abahuvidha) - jinabhadragaNi ke matAnusAra aneka vastuoM meM pratyeka kI ekaeka paryAya kA jJAna honA ekavidha hai| jaise zaMkha, mRdaMga Adi aneka vAdya yaMtra kI tIvra, madhura Adi eka do paryAyoM kA jJAna honA ekavidha hai arthAt eka kAla meM eka yA aneka padArthoM ke eka guNa paryAya ko jaannaa| jinabhadragaNi, malayagiri Adi ke anusAra eka paryAya kA jJAna hotA hai, jabaki vidyAnaMda ke anusAra eka-do paryAya kA jJAna hotA hai|97 vIrasena kahate haiM ki eka jAtiviSayaka ekavidha hai| 'ekavidha' aura 'eka' samAna nahIM hai, jaise ki jAti aura vyakti eka nahIM hone se unake viSaya karane vAle bhI eka samAna nahIM ho sakate haiN| alpa, bahu, ekavidha, bahuvidha ye cAra bheda uttarottara sUkSma, sUkSmatara haiN| 5. kSipra - bhASyakAra ke kathanAnusAra eka kAla meM eka yA aneka padArthoM ke eka yA aneka guNa paryAyoM ko zIghra jAnanA arthAt zIghra grahaNa krnaa| sparzanendriya ke dvArA andhakAra meM bhI vyakti yA vastu ko pahacAna lenaa| 6. akSipra (cira)- kSayopazama kI mandatA se yA vikSipta upayoga se kisI bhI indriya yA mana ke viSaya ko anabhyastAvasthA meM vilamba se jAnanA arthAt adhika samaya lgnaa| dhavalA meM 492. sarvAthasiddhi sUtra 1.16, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 308, rAjavArtika 1.16.1-8, dhavalA pu. 13, sU. 5.5.35 pR. 235 493. tatvArthabhASya 1.16, sarvArthasiddha 1.16, rAjavArtika 1.16 494. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 310, malayagiri pR. 183 jainatarkabhASA pR. 21 495. sarvAthasiddhi sUtra 1.16, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 308, rAjavArtika 1.16.9, dhavalA pu. 13, sU. 5.5.35 pR. 237 496. sarvArthasiddhi 1.16 497. zlokavArtika pR. 1.16.4522. dhavalA pu, 13 pR. 237

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [195] udAharaNa dete hue kahA hai ki jisa prakAra nUtana sakore ko prApta huA jala use dhIra-dhIre gIlA karatA hai, usI prakAra padArtha ko dhIre-dhIre jAnane vAlA pratyaya akSipra pratyaya hai|98 kUTasthanityavAdI kSipra ko aura kSaNabhaMgavAdI akSipra ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| lekina vastu meM utpAda, dhrauvya, nAza tInoM dharma hote haiM, isalie donoM bheda yukti saMgata haiN| isake lie 'cira'500 aura 'akSipra'501 ina do zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| lekina artha bheda nahIM hai| 7. anizrita - umAsvAti, jinabhadra, malayagiri Adi AcArya isakA ullekha kiyA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra binA kisI hetu (liMga) ke, para dharmoM se mizra vastu ko grahaNa nahIM kare, lekina yathAvasthita rUpa se jAne arthAt binA kisI nimitta ke zabda samUha kI paryAya aura guNa se usake svarUpa ko jaannaa| saMketa Adi kI sahAyatA ke binA unheM svarUpa se jaannaa| gAyAdi ko gAyAdi ke rUpa meM hI grahaNa karanA arthAt jo aviparIta jJAna hai, vaha anizrita hai| vyakti ke mastiSka meM aisI sUjha-bUjha paidA honA jo ki kisI zAstra yA pustaka meM bhI likhI huI mila jaae| isa prakAra jinabhadragaNi ne isako do prakAra se paribhASita kiyA hai - 1. anyaliMga kI madada ke binA svarUpa se hone vAlA jJAna anizrita hai| jaiseki megha zabda kI apekSA ke alAvA bherI zabda kA jnyaan| 2. paramadharma se anizrita jJAna anizrita hai| jaiseki gAya ko gAya rUpa meM jAnanA 502 8. nizrita - jinabhadragaNi ne isake do artha kiye haiM -1. anyaliMga arthAt kisI hetu, yukti, nimitta, liMga Adi ke sahayoga se hone vAlA jJAna nizrita hai| jaiseki dhvajA se deva kA jJAna 2. paradharmoM se mizrita (viparyaya) jJAna nizrita hai| jaise azvAdi ke para dharmoM se mizrata, gAya Adi vastu ko grahaNa karate samaya nizrita jJAna hotA hai arthAt gAya ko azvarUpa grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, jo viparIta jJAna hai| yaha nizrita kahalAtA hai| eka ne zukla pakSa kI pratipadA ko hI upayoga kI ekAgratA se akasmAt candra darzana kara lie, dUsare ne kisI bAhya nimitta se candradarzana kie, ina meM pahalA, pahalI koTika meM aura dUsarA, dUsarI koTI meM samAviSTa ho jAtA hai|503 anizrita-nizrita ke uparyukta do arthoM meM se yazovijayajI ne prathama artha hI ullekha kiyA hai| nizrita-anizrita ke lie mizrita-amizrita aura niHsRta-aniHsRta kA bhI prayoga huA hai| ina zabdoM kA artha nimna prakAra se hai| niHsRta aura aniHsRta - pUjyapAda, akalaMka, dhavalATIkAkAra Adi AcAryoM ne ina kA prayoga kiyA hai|504 pUjyapAda ke anusAra jaba taka vastu kA pUrA bhAga prakaTa nahIM hotA hai, taba taka vaha aniHsRta hotA hai arthAt sabhI pudgaloM ke bAhara nikalane se pahale hI vastu kA jJAna honA aniHsRta hai| akalaMka kahate haiM ki padArtha ke eka avayava ko dekhane mAtra se hI usa samasta padArtha ke avagraha kA Adi jJAna ho jAnA ni:sRta hai| isake lie udAharaNa diyA hai ki tAlAba Adi meM samasta zarIra ke DUba jAne para bhI eka sUMDha mAtra avayava ko dekhakara hAthI ke viSaya meM avagrahAdi jJAna hote haiN|05 vIrasenAcArya ne anusaMdhAna aura pratyabhijJAna ko aniHsRta kahA hai| jaiseki ghar3e ke nIce kA bhAga dekhakara hI ghar3e kA jJAna hotA hai| gavaya gAya ke samAna hotA hai, isa prakAra upamA ke sAtha upameya 498. dhavalA pu, 13 pR. 237 499. zlokavArtika 1.16.34-36 500. tattvArthabhASya 1.16, sarvArthasiddhi 1.16, rAjAvArtika 1.16 501. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 309, dhavalA pu, 13 pR.237, zlokavArtika 1.16.34, malayagiri pR. 183, jainatarkabhASA pR. 21 502. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 308-310, malayagiri pR. 183 503. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 308-310, malayagiri pR. 183 504. sarvArthasiddhi 1.16, rAjavArtika 1.16.11, dhavalA, pu. 13, pR. 238 505. sarvArthasiddhi 1.16, rAjavArtika 1.16.11

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[196] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ke jJAna kI upalabdhi honA pratyabhijJAna (yaha vahI hai) hai| kadAcit bahuta arthoM kA jAti dvArA khoja karanA anusaMdhAna pratyaya hai| dhavalATIkAkAra ne matAntara kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki kucha AcArya aniHsRta ke sthAna para niHsRta kA prayoga karate haiM, lekina yaha ucitta nahIM hai, kyoMki isase to mAtra upamA kA jJAna hI hotA hai| vastu ke eka deza kA jJAna honA niHsRta hai|06 pUjyapAda ke samakAlIna kucha AcArya 'apareSAM kSipraniHsRta ..... iti|'507 isa sUtra meM kSipra ke bAda meM niHsRta ko svIkAra karate haiM, kyoMki zabda sAmAnya kA grahaNa ani:sRta hai, jabaki yaha zabda mayUra kA hai, aisA viziSTa jJAna niHsRta hai| isa prakAra unhoMne aniHsRta se niHsRta ko zreSTha mAnA hai| lekina bAda vAle AcAryoM ne isakA samarthana nahIM kiyA hai| mizrita-amizrita - jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ne nizrita aura anizrita kA jo dUsarA artha kiyA hai, usI ko malayagiri ne mizrita aura amizrita kahA hai| 08 9-10. nizcita (ukta)-anizcita (anukta)- umAsvAti, pUjyapAda, akalaMka, vIrasenAcArya Adi AcAryoM ne ukta-anukta kA, jabaki jinabhadragaNi aura usake bAda ke AcAryoM ne nizcita aura anizcata zabdoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ataH donoM paramparAoM meM nAma aura artha bhinna haiN| ___ 1. ukta-anukta - pUjyapAda ke anusAra anya ke dvArA kathana kiyA athavA nahIM kiyA, aisI vastu ko abhiprAya se jAnanA anukta hai jabaki anya ke upadeza se grahaNa ukta hai| akalaMka ke anusAra 'anukta' kA artha binA kahA huA hai| jaiseki yaha gAya kA zabda hai isa prakAra paropadeza se hone vAlA jJAna ukta hai| do prakAra ke dravyoM ke mizraNa ko binA kahe hI jAna lenA ki yaha mizraNa amuka dravyoM se taiyAra kiyA hai, yaha anukta jJAna hai| dhavalATIkAkAra ke anusAra viziSTa vastu ke grahaNa ke samaya hI jo guNa indriya kA viSaya nahIM hai, aise guNoM se yukta vastu ko jAnanA anukta jJAna hai| cakSu ke dvArA lavaNa, zarkarA Adi ke grahaNa ke samaya kadAcit usake rasa kA jJAna honA anukta hai|10 anukta kA viparIta ukta hai| pUjyapAda ne ukta aura ni:sRta meM antara batAte hue kahA hai ki sabhI pudgaloM kA nissaraNa samAna hone se eka hote hue bhI ukta meM paropadeza pUrvaka grahaNa hotA hai, jabaki niHsRta meM svata: grahaNa hotA hai| isa kathana kA samarthana akalaMka ne bhI kiyA hai| dhavalATIkA ke anusAra ukta meM ni:sRta aura aniHsRta donoM kA samAveza hone se ukta aura ni:sRta bhinna haiN| aniHsRta meM vastu ke alpabhAga kA jJAna Avazyaka hai, jabaki anukta meM vastu ke alpabhAga kA jJAna Avazyaka nahIM hai| dhavalATIkA ke anusAra adRSTa, azruta aura ananubhUta vastu anukta kA viSaya hai| 2. nizcita-anizcita - jinabhadragaNi ke kathanAnusAra kisI vyakti ne jisa paryAya ko jAnA, vaha bhI binA hI saMdeha ke jAnA, jaise yaha ganne kA rasa hai, vaha nIma kA hai| sparza se tathA gandha se andhakAra meM bhI unheM pahacAna lenaa| apane abhISTa vyakti ko dUra se Ate hue hI pahacAna lenaa| yaha sonA hai, yaha pItala hai Adi ko saMdeha rahita jaannaa| nizcita rUpa meM jAnanA arthAt asaMdigdha rUpa meM jAnanA, nizcita hai| zaMkA yukta jAnanA arthAt hetu kA sahArA lie binA svarUpa ko jAna lenA, anizcita hai| haribhadra, malayagiri aura yazovijaya ne aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai|12| 506. dhavalA, pu. 13, pR. 238 507. sarvArthasiddhi 1.16, pR. 81 508. athavA paradharmairvimizritaM yadgrahaNaM tanmizritAvagrahaH, yatpunaH paradhamairamizritasya grahaNaM tdmishritaavgrhH| - malayagiri pR. 183 509. tatvArthasUtra 1.16, sarvArthasiddhi 1.16 rAjavArtika 1.16.12, dhavalA pu. 13 pR. 239 510. rAjavArtika 1.16.12, dhavalA pu. 13 pR. 239 511. sarvArthasiddhi 1.16 pR. 81 512. vizeSAvazyakabhASya 308-310, malayagiri pR. 183, jainatarkabhASA pR. 21

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM matijJAna [197] katipaya AcAryoM kA aisA mAnanA ki aniHsRta aura anukta meM bAhara nahIM nikale hue pudgaloM kA jJAna hone se yaha bheda cAra prApyakArI indriyoM meM saMbhava nahIM hai / vidyAnaMda ne isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahA hai ki cIMTI ko dUra se hI gur3a kA jJAna hotA hai, yaha jJAna prApyakArI indriya se hI sambhava hai tathA aniHsRta aura anukta jJAna zrutajJAnApekSI hai| zrutajJAna ke zrotrendriya labdhyakSara Adi chaha bheda haiM inase ukta chaha indriyoM se donoM jJAna saMbhava haiM / 13 11-12. dhruva - adhruva- ina donoM ke tIna artha prApta hote haiM - 1. pUjyapAda, akalaMka, maladhArI hemacandrasUri " yazovijayajI Adi ke anusAra prathama samaya meM jaisA jJAna huA hai, vaisA hI jJAna dvitIyAdi samaya meM honA dhruva hai tathA niyama se kabhI bahu, kabhI abahu, kabhI bahuvidha, aura kabhI ekavidha Adi se hone vAlA jJAna adhruva hai| 2. jinabhadragaNi aura malayagiri ke vacanAnusAra jaise pahale bahu- bahuvidha Adi kA jJAna kiyA, vaise sarvadA (nizcita) jAnanA dhruva kahalAtA hai sAmAnya rUpa se kabhI bahu, kabhI abahu, kabhI bahuvidha, aura kabhI ekavidha Adi rUpa se jAnanA adhruva hai 1 515 haribhadra ne pUjyapAda aura jinabhadragaNi ke dvArA kiye gaye artha kA samanvaya karate hue kahA hai ki sthira bodha dhruva aura asthira bodha adhruva hai 1516 / 3. vIrasenAcArya kahate haiM ki nityatvaviziSTa staMbha Adi kA sthira jJAna dhruva hai utpatti aura vinAza viziSTa arthAt bijalI aura dIpaka kI lau Adi kA jJAna adhruva hai tathA utpAda, dhrauvya aura vyayukta viziSTa vastu kA jJAna bhI adhruva hai, 517 kyoMki vaha jJAna dhruva se bhinna hai| pUjyapAda ke anusAra dhAraNA gRhIta artha kA avismaraNa hone se vaha dhruva se bhinna hai| jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra bahu Adi bheda vyAvahArika arthAvagraha ke hote haiM, naizcayika arthAvagraha ke nahIM, kyoMki naizcayika avagraha kA kAla eka samaya kA hone se usameM ye bheda saMbhava nahIM hai| malayagiri aura yazovijaya bhI aisA hI ullekha karate haiM jabaki bRhadvRttikAra maladhArI hemacandrasUri ne kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karake naizcayika avagraha meM bhI bahu Adi bhedoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| 519 akalaMka ke anusAra vyaMjanAvagraha meM bahu Adi bheda avyakta rUpa se rahate haiM, arthAvagraha meM ye bheda spaSTa ghaTita hote haiM bahu, bahuvidha, kSipra, anizrita, asaMdigdha aura dhruva meM viziSTa kSayopazama. upayoga kI ekAgratA, abhyastatA ye asAdhAraNa kAraNa haiM tathA alpa, alpavidha, akSipra, nizrita, saMdigdha aura adhruva ina se hone vAle jJAna meM kSayopazama kI mandatA, upayoga kI vikSiptatA, anabhyastatA, ye aMtaraMga asAdhAraNa kAraNa haiN| pUjyapAda ne dhruvAvagraha aura dhAraNA meM antara batAte hue kahA hai ki dhruvAvagraha meM kama jyAdA bhAva hote haiM jabaki dhAraNA meM gRhIta artha nahIM bhUlane ke kAraNa vaha jJAna dhAraNA kahalAtA hai 513. zlokavArtika 1.16.38-39 514. sarvArthasiddhi 1.16, rAjavArtika 1.16.13-14, maladhArI hemacandra TIkA gAthA 309 515. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 309, malayagiri pR. 183 516. tattvArtha hAribhadrIya vRtti 1.16 517. dhavalA pu. 13, pR. 239, zlokavArtika 1.16.40 518. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 287,332, malayagiri pR. 182, jainatarkabhASA pR. 20 519. kAraNe kAryadharmoparacArAn punarnizcayAvagrahe'pi yujyte| vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAvA 288 520. rAjavArtika 1.16 521. sarvArthasiddhi 1.16 pR. 81

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[198] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana matijJAna ke dvArA dravyAdi catuSka kA jJAna Abhinibodhika jJAna kA viSaya saMkSepa se cAra prakAra kA hai| vaha isa prakAra hai-1. dravya se, 2. kSetra se, 3. kAla se, aura 4. bhAva se 22 dravya se - Abhinibodhika jJAnI, Adeza se sarva dravyoM ko jAnatA hai, dekhatA nahIM hai arthAt jo Abhinibodhika jJAnI haiM, ve Adeza se arthAt jAtismaraNAdi se yA gurudeva ke vacana zravaNa, zAstra-paThana Adi se Agamika zrutajJAna jAnate haiM, ve usa zrutajJAna se sambandhita-zrutanizrita matijJAna se chahoM dravyoM ko jAti rUpa sAmAnya prakAra se jAnate haiN| jaise dravya chaha haiM - 1. dharma, 2. adharma, 3. AkAza, 4. jIva, 5. pudgala aura 6. kaal| koI ina chaha dravyoM ko vizeSa prakAra se bhI jAnate haiN| jaise-1. dharma, 2. adharma, 3. AkAza-ye tIna dravya, dravya se eka-eka hai| zeSa tIna dravya, dravya se ananta-ananta haiN| dharma, adharma aura AkAza, ye tIna skandha se eka-eka haiM tathA jIva aura pudgala-ye do skaMdha se ananta haiN| dharma aura adharma-ye donoM pradeza se asaMkhya-asaMkhya pradezI haiN| AkAza ananta pradezI hai| lokAkAza asaMkhya pradezI hai, aloka-AkAza ananta pradezI hai| jIva pratyeka asaMkhya pradezI hai| pudgala apradezI, saMkhyAta pradezI, asaMkhya pradezI aura ananta pradezI hai, kAla apradezI hai, ityaadi| parantu kevalI ke samAna ve sampUrNa ko vizeSa prakAra se nahIM dekhate haiN| jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa kA mantavya - matijJAnI dravya kI apekSA sAmAnya prakAra se jIva aura pudgaloM ke gati Azraya ke kAraNabhUta dharmAstikAya Adi saba dravyoM ko jAnatA hai, unakI saba paryAyoM ko nahIM jAnatA hai, kucha aMzoM meM vizeSa rUpa se bhI jAnatA hai, jaiseki dharmAstikAya gatisahAyaka dravya hai| vaha amUrta aura lokAkAzapramANa hai| kintu dharmAstikAya Adi ko sarvAtmanA nahIM dekhtaa| lekina ucita deza meM avasthita ghaTa Adi ko dekhatA bhI hai| isI prakAra kSetra se vaha lokAloka kSetra, kAla se atIta-vartamAna-anAgata kAla tathA bhAva se udaya Adi pAMca bhAva ko jAnatA hai| 23 uparyukta varNana meM matijJAnI sarva dravya ko jAnate aura dekhate haiM, aisA ullekha kiyA hai| to yahA~ sarva zabda Adeza kI apekSA se prayukta huA hai| Adeza sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM prakAra se prayukta hotA hai| 24 matijJAnI sUtrAdeza ke dvArA dharmAstikAya Adi sarva dravyoM ko jAnatA hai, yaha kathana dravya sAmAnya kI apekSA se hai| sUkSma pariNata dravyoM ko vaha nahIM jAnatA, yaha kathana vizeSa Adeza kI apekSA se hai| matijJAnI sarva dravya se nahIM dekhatA hai, yaha varNana bhI sApekSa hai| naMdIcUrNikAra isa sambandha meM kahate haiM ki yaha niSedha sAmAnya Adeza kI apekSA se hai, vizeSa Adeza kI apekSA se vaha dekhatA hai, jaise cakSu se rUpa ko dekhatA hai|25| prazna - uparyukta varNana meM jo sUtra ke Adeza se dravyoM kA jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha to zrutajJAna huA, kintu yahA~ viSaya matijJAna kA cala rahA hai| uttara - jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke anusAra yaha zruta hai, lekina zrutajJAna nahIM hai| kyoMki zrutanizrita ko bhI matijJAna pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| 26 ataH yaha matijJAna rUpa hI hai, zrutajJAna rUpa 522. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 201 523. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 403-405 524. naMdIcUrNi pR. 68, hAribhadrIyA, pR. 68, malayagiri pR.184-185 525. naMdIcUrNi pR. 68 526. Aeso tti va suttaM, suuvaladdhesu tassa minnaannN| pasarai tabbhAvaNayA viNA vi suttaannusaarenn|-vishessaavshykbhaassy, gAthA 405

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [199] nahIM athavA sUtra se upalabdha padArthoM kA anusaraNa karate hue sUtra se bhAvita buddhi se padArthoM ko jAnane ke lie avagrahAdi hotA hai, isalie vaha mati hI hai| kSetra meM Urdhva, adho, tiryak rUpa tInoM lokoM ke viSaya ko jAnane meM to sarvakSetra A jAtA hai| kAla se atIta, anAgata, sarvakAla ho aura bhAva meM sarvabhAva-kSayopazama, upazamAdi athavA varNAdi 20 meM eka guNa se anantaguNa hote haiN| isalie sarvabhAva jAnanA caahie| bhagavatIsUtra meM 'davvao NaM abhiNibohiyanANI AeseNaM savva davvAiM jANai, pAsai527 jabaki naMdIsUtra ke pATha meM 'AeseNaM savvAiM davvAiM jANai Na pAsai' arthAt bhagavatI meM to 'pAsai' aura naMdIsUtra meM 'Na pAsai' kriyA kA prayoga kiyA hai| bhagavatIsUtra ke TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri28 isako vAcanAntara mAnate hue isa visaMgati kA samanvaya karate hue kahate haiM ki yadyapi Adeza pada kA zruta artha karake zrutanizrita matijJAna se matijJAnI avAya aura dhAraNA kI apekSA se dharmAstikAya Adi dravyoM ko jAnatA hai aura avagraha tathA IhA kI apekSA se dekhatA hai, kyoMki avAya aura dhAraNA jJAna ke bodhaka haiM aura avagraha va IhA ye donoM darzana ke bodhaka hai| 29 ataH 'pAsai' kriyA kA prayoga sahI hai| lekina naMdIsUtra ke TIkAkAroM ke anusAra 'Na pAsai' ke prayoga kAraNa yaha hai ki yahAM prayukta Adeza kA artha hai do prakAra kA hai - sAmAnya aura vishess| unameM dravyajAti isa sAmAnya prakAra se dharmAstikAya Adi saba dravyoM ko matijJAnI jAnatA hai aura dharmAstikAya, dharmAstikAya kA deza isa vizeSa rUpa se bhI jAnatA hai, kintu dharmAstikAya Adi saba dravyoM ko nahIM dekhatA hai, kevala yogya deza meM sthita rUpI padArthoM ko dekhatA hai,530 isalie donoM kriyAoM kA prayoga sahI hai| isI prakAra kSetra, kAla aura bhAva meM prayukta sarva zabda kA artha samajhanA caahie| kSetra se - Abhinibodhika jJAnI, Adeza se sabhI kSetra ko jAnate haiM, dekhate nahIM arthAt jo Abhinibodhika jJAnI zrutajJAna se jAnate haiM, ve zrutanizrita matijJAna se sarva lokAkAza aura sarva alokAkAza rUpa saba kSetra ko, jAtirUpa sAmAnya prakAra se jAnate haiN| kucha vizeSa prakAra se bhI jAnate haiN| jaise AkAza skaMdha, AkAza deza, AkAza pradeza aadi| parantu sarva-vizeSa prakAra se nahIM dekhate haiN| vaisA mAtra kevalI hI dekha sakate haiN| kAla se - Abhinibodhika jJAnI, Adeza se samasta kAla ko jAnate haiM, dekhate nahIM arthAt jo Abhinibodhika jJAnI, zrutajJAna se jAnate haiM, ve usa zruta se nizrita matijJAna se, sarva bhUtakAla, sarva vartamAna kAla aura sarva bhaviSyakAla rUpa sabhI kAla ko jAtirUpa sAmAnya prakAra se jAnate haiN| samaya, AvalikA, prANa, stoka, lava, muhUrta Adi kucha vizeSa prakAra se bhI jAnate haiM, para sarva vizeSa prakAra se dekhate nahIM haiN| __ bhAva se - Abhinibodhika jJAnI, Adeza se sabhI bhAvoM ko jAnate haiM, dekhate nahIM arthAt jo Abhinibodhika jJAnI, zrutajJAna jAnate haiM, ve usa zruta se nizrita matijJAna se sabhI bhAvoM ko jAtirUpa sAmAnya prakAra se jAnate haiN| jaise-bhAva chaha haiM- 1. audayika, 2. aupazamika, 527. bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 8, uddezaka 2 528. bhagavatI vRtti, za. 8, u.2 pR. 380-381 529. abhayadevasUri ne yaha ullekha jinabhadragaNi ke AdhAra se hI kiyA hai| 'nANamavAyadhiIo daMsaNamiTeM jahoggahehAo' - vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 536 530. malayagiri naMdIvRtti, pR. 184

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 3. kSAyika, 4. kSAyopazamika, 5. pAriNAmika aura 6. sAnnipAtika / kucha vizeSa prakAra se bhI jAnate haiN| jaise audayika aura kSAyika bhAva ATha karmoM kA hotA hai| aupazamika bhAva mAtra eka mohanIya karma kA hI hotA hai| kSAyopazamika bhAva cAra ghAti karmoM kA hotA hai| pAriNAmika bhAva chahoM dravyoM meM hotA hai / sAnnipAtika bhAva mAtra jIva dravya meM hI hotA hai, kyoMki ajIva meM pAriNAmika ke sivAya koI bhAva nahIM hotA, ityAdi, parantu sarva vizeSa prakAra se nahIM dekhte| jo Abhinibodhika jJAnI haiM, ve Agamika zrutajJAna se nizrita matijJAna dvArA kucha kSetra aura kAlavartI jJAna se abhinna Atma- dravya ko aura ghar3A, kapar3A Adi kucha rUpI pudgala dravya ko hI jAnate haiM tathA Atma dravya ke jJAna guNa kI kucha paryAyoM ko aura ghar3A, kapar3A Adi ke varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza Adi guNa kI kucha paryAyoM ko hI jAnate haiM / satpadaparupaNAdi nau anuyoga dvArA matijJAna kI prarUpaNA jinabhadragaNi ne matijJAna ke Agamika dRSTikoNa ko mahattva dete hue satpadaprarUpaNA, dravyapramANa, kSetra, sparzanA, kAla, antara, bhAga, bhAva aura alpabahutva ina nau dvAroM ke mAdhyama se matijJAna kA ullekha kiyA hai| [200] 1. satpadaprarUpaNA vidyamAna artha kI prarUpaNA ( vicAraNA ) karanA satpadaprarUpaNA kahalAtA hai| yahA~ ' matijJAna' yaha jo satpada hai, usakA gati Adi 20 dvAroM ke mAdhyama se ullekha (prarUpaNa) kiyA hai, jinako Avazyakaniryukti aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM nimna prakAra se kahA hai - gai iMdie ya kAya joe vee kasAya lesA ya / / sammatta-NANa-daMsaNa-saMjamamuvayoga - mAhAre 11409 / / bhAsaga-paritta-pajjatta-suhuma- saNNI ya bhavva carime ya / / puvva paDivannae yA paDivajjaMte ya maggaNayA / 14101531 arthAt gati, indriya, kAya, yoga, veda, kaSAya, lezyA, samyaktva, jJAna, darzana, saMyama, upayoga, AhAra, bhASaka, pratyeka, paryApta, sUkSma, saMjJI, bhavya aura carima ina dvAroM meM pahale prApta aura vartamAna kI apekSA varNana kiyA hai| isa varNana meM pramukha rUpa se cAra zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai, jinakA artha isa prakAra se haiM - 1. pUrvapratipanna (bhUtakAla kA jJAna ) 2. pratipadyamAna ( vartamAna ke eka samaya kA jJAna) 3. niyamA ( niyama se milanA ) 4. bhajanA (kadAcit ho sakatA hai kadAcit nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai)| pUrvapratipanna meM pUrva meM prApta matijJAna kI vivakSA hai aura pratipadyamAna meM vartamAna ke eka samaya meM navIna matijJAna utpanna ho rahA hai athavA nahIM, isakI vivakSA hai | 32 ullekhanIya hai ki matijJAna samyagdRSTi jIvoM meM hotA hai, mithyAdRSTi ekendriyAdi jIvoM meM mati - ajJAna hotA hai| siddhoM meM mAtra kevalajJAna hotA hai, ataH unameM bhI matijJAna nahIM mAnA gayA hai| prastuta dvAroM meM jo vivecanA kI gaI hai, vaha mAtra matijJAna kI apekSA se kI gaI hai, mati ajJAna kI apekSA se nahIM / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki nimnAMkita dvAroM meM matijJAna kA jo kathana kiyA hai, vaha jIva samUha kI apekSA se kiyA gayA hai, eka jIva kI apekSA se nahIM / 531. Avazyakaniryukti gAthA 14-15 vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 409-410 532. Abhinibodhikapratipattiprathamaye pratipadyamAnakA uccante, dvitIyAdisamayeSu tu pUrvapratipannA ityanayorvizeSaH / maladhArI hemacandra, bRhadvRtti, pR. 199

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [201] __1. gati dvAra - gati kI apekSA se cAroM gatiyoM - nAraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura devagati ke jIva matijJAna ke adhikArI haiN| cAroM gatiyoM meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se matijJAna kI niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se matijJAna kI bhajanA hai| siddha gati meM matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| 2. indriya dvAra - dvIndriya, trIndriya aura caurindriya meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se matijJAna kI bhajanA hai aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki jo vikalendriya sAsvAdana samakita sahita pUrvabhava se Aye hue ho sakate haiM isalie pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA matijJAna kI bhajanA, kintu pratipadyamAna meM vaisI vizuddhi nahIM hone se usako matijJAna nahIM hotA hai, mati ajJAna hotA hai| paMcendriya meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se matijJAna kI niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se matijJAna kI bhajanA hai| anindriya aura siddhoM meM niyama se kevalajJAna hotA hai, ataH inameM matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| siddhAnta ke anusAra ekendriya meM matijJAna nahIM hokara mati-ajJAna hotA hai, kintu karmagraMtha ke anusAra labdhiparyApta ekendriya (bAdara pRthvI, apkAya aura vanaspatikAya) meM jo karaNa aparyApta haiM, unameM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se matijJAna kI bhajanA hai, kyoMki inameM pUrva bhava se lAI huI sAsvAdana samakita ho hotI hai| 3. kAya dvAra - pRthvI Adi pAMca kAyoM ke jIvoM meM pUrvapratipanna aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| trasakAya meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se matijJAna kI niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se matijJAna kI bhajanA hai| yaha mAnyatA Agama kI hai| akAya meM matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| karmagranthAnusAra labdhi-paryApta bAdara pRthvI, pAnI, vanaspati meM tathA karaNa se aparyApta jIva (sAsvAdana samyaktva kI apekSA se) meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA matijJAna kI bhajanA hai aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| tejaskAya aura vAyukAya meM pUrvapratipanna aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| 4. yoga dvAra - manayoga sahita vacana aura kAyA se yukta sayogI meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se matijJAna kI niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se matijJAna kI bhajanA hai| vacana aura kAyayoga ina do yogoM se yukta jIvoM ko vikalendriya ke samAna samajhanA caahie| eka kAyayoga vAle jIvoM ko ekendriya ke samAna samajhanA caahie| ayogI meM bhI matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| 5. veda dvAra - strIveda, puruSa aura napusaMka veda ina tIna vedoM meM matijJAna paMcendriya ke samAna mAnya hai, avedI meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se matijJAna kI bhajanA hai kyoMki jo chadmastha hotA hai, usameM matijJAna hotA hai aura jo kevalI hotA hai, usameM matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se matijJAna nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki jinhoMne pahale matijJAna prApta kiyA hai, ve hI upazama aura kSapaka zreNI ko prApta karake avedI hote haiN| 6. kaSAya dvAra - anantAnubaMdhI catuSka meM sAsvAdana samakita kI apekSA se pUrvapratipanna meM matijJAna kI niyamA hai aura pratipadyamAna meM matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| apratyAkhyAnI catuSka, pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa catuSka aura saMjvalana catuSka meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se matijJAna kI niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se matijJAna kI bhajanA hai| akaSAyI meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se matijJAna kI bhajanA hai, kyoMki jo chadmastha hotA hai, usameM matijJAna tathA jo kevalI hotA hai, pAhA

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[202] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana usameM matijJAna nahIM hotA hai / pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se matijJAna nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki jisako pahale matijJAna prApta huA hai, vahI upazama aura kSapaka zreNI ko prApta karake akaSAyI hotA hai| 7. lezyA dvAra - kRSNa, nIla aura kApota lezyA meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se matijJAna kI bhajanA hai aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se matijJAna nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki pratipadyamAna kI apekSA vizuddha lezyA vAle ko hI matijJAna hotA hai, avizuddha lezyA vAle ko nahIM, isalie kRSNAdi tIna avizuddha lezyA meM pratipadyamAna meM matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| tejo, padma aura zukla ina tIna zubhalezyAoM meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se matijJAna kI niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se matijJAna kI bhajanA hai| alezyI meM bhI matijJAna nahIM hotA hai / 8. samyaktva dvAra - isa dvAra kI vyAkhyA nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya ke mAdhyama se kI gaI hai, yaha jinabhadragaNi kA vaiSTriya hai / vyavahAranaya kI apekSA se mithyAdRSTi ajJAnI hai, vaha samyaktva kA aura jJAna kA pratipadyamAnaka hotA hai / nizcayanaya kI apekSA se samyagdRSTi jJAnI samyaktva tathA jJAna ko prApta karate haiM, mithyAdRSTi nhiiN| isakI vistAra se carcA jinabhadragaNi ne gAthA 414-426 meM kI hai| usakA sArAMza yaha hai ki vyavahAranayavAdI ke mata se samyagdRSTi matijJAna kA pUrvapratipanna hotA hai, pratipadyamAna nhiiN| kyoMki samyaktva aura jJAna yugapad prApta hote haiM, usa samaya kriyA kA abhAva hotA hai| kriyA ke abhAva meM pratipadyamAna ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| jabaki nizcayanayavAdI ke mata se samyagdRSTi hI matijJAna kA pUrvapratipanna aura pratipadyamAna hotA hai, kyoki kriyA aura kAryaniSThA kA kAla eka sAtha vidyamAna rahatA hai / 9. jJAna dvAra - jJAna pAMca prakAra kA hotA hai, yathA matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaH paryavajJAna aura kevljnyaan| vyavahAranaya ke mata se matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna aura manaH paryavajJAna meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA matijJAna hotA hai aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se nahIM hotA hai| jJAnI ko punaH jJAna kI prApti nahIM hotI hai / kevalajJAnI meM donoM apekSAoM se matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki matijJAna kSayopazamika hai, jabaki kevalajJAna kSAyika hai / mati ajJAna, zruta ajJAna, vibhaMgajJAna vAle meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA matijJAna nahIM hotA hai aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se bhajanA (vikalpa) hai / nizcayanaya ke mata se matijJAna, zrutajJAna aura avadhijJAna meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA matijJAna kI niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se bhajanA hotI hai / manaH paryavajJAnI meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se matijJAna ho sakatA hai aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki samyaktva ke sAtha hI matijJAna hotA hai aura usake bAda hI apramatta avasthA meM manaH paryavajJAna kI utpatti hotI hai| lekina kisI jIva ko samyaktva sahita cAritra kI prApti hone para matijJAna ke sAtha mana:paryavajJAna kI prApti bhI nahIM hotI hai| yadi aisA nahIM ho to avadhijJAnI ke samAna manaH paryavajJAnI bhI pratipadyamAna hotA / kevalajJAnI meM donoM apekSAoM se matijJAna nahIM hotA hai / mati ajJAna, zruta ajJAna, vibhaMgajJAna vAle meM pUrvapratipanna aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki jJAnI ko hI jJAna kI prApti hotI hai| 10. darzana dvAra - cakSudarzana, acakSudarzana, avadhidarzana aura kevaladarzana / labdhi kI apekSA se prathama tIna darzanoM meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA matijJAna kI niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se bhajanA hotI hai| upayoga kI apekSA se pUrvapratipanna meM matijJAna kI niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [203] apekSA se yaha nahIM hotA hai| matijJAna labdhi rUpa hai, labdhi kI prApti darzanopayoga meM nahIM hotI hai| kevaladarzana meM donoM apekSA se matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| 11. saMyata dvAra - saMyata meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA matijJAna kI niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se bhajanA hotI hai| yahA~ yaha zaMkA hotI hai ki saMyamI ko samyaktva prApti kI avasthA meM matijJAna kI prApti hotI hai to usakI pratipadyamAna kI apekSA kaise prApti hotI hai, yaha zaMkA sahI hai, lekina kisI ko ativizuddhi se samyaktva ke sAtha hI cAritra kI prApti hotI hai, isa avasthA meM saMyama prApta hote hI matijJAna bhI prApta hotA hai| no saMyata no asaMyata no saMyatAsaMyata meM bhI matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| 12. upayoga dvAra - upayoga ke do prakAra hote haiM - sAkAropayoga aura anaakaaropyog| pAMca jJAna aura tIna ajJAna sAkAropayoga aura cAra darzana anAkAropayoga rUpa hotA hai| sAkAropayoga meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA matijJAna kI niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se bhajanA hotI hai| anAkAropayoga meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se matijJAna ho sakatA hai aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki katipaya anAkAra upayoga vAle jIva pUrva meM matijJAna ko prApta kiye hue ho sakate haiM, lekina pratipadyamAna meM matijJAna labdhisvarUpa hone se usakI utpatti anAkAra upayoga meM nahIM ho sakatI hai| ___13. AhAra dvAra - AhAraka meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA matijJAna kI niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se bhajanA hotI hai| anAhAraka (vigraha gati) meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se matijJAna kI bhajanA hai aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| jo anAhArI deva Adi pUrvabhava meM samakita Adi prApta karake manuSya gati meM Ate haiM, to unako pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se matijJAna hotA hai, lekina pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki anAhAraka avasthA meM tathAprakAra kI vizuddhi nahIM hotI hai| 14. bhASaka dvAra - bhASaka (bolane vAle) aura abhASaka ye do prakAra hotA hai| bhASAlabdhi vAle paMcendriyAdi jAti kI apekSA se bhASaka meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA matijJAna kI niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se bhajanA hotI hai| abhASaka (ekendriya kI apekSA) matijJAna donoM avasthAoM meM nahIM hotA hai| 15. paritta dvAra - isake tIna prakAra haiM - 1. paritta - isake do artha hote haiM - 1. zuklapAkSika (saMsAra kAla ardha pudgala parAvartana jitanA zeSa rahA)banane ke bAda jinhoMne eka bAra samakita prApta kara lI hai| 2. athavA pratyeka zarIrI jiiv| yahA~ prathama artha grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| 2. aparitta - isake do artha hote haiM - 1. jinakA saMsAra kAla ardha pudgala parAvartana se adhika zeSa hai arthAt jinhoMne eka bAra bhI samakita prApta nahIM kI hai| 2. athavA sAdhAraNa zarIrI (anantakAyika vanaspati) jiiv| yahA~ prathama artha grahaNa kiyA gayA hai|33 3. no paritta no aparitta - uparyukta donoM lakSaNoM se bhinna siddha bhgvaan| paritta ke donoM artha meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA matijJAna kI niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se bhajanA hotI hai| aparitta aura no paritta no aparitta (siddha) meM donoM avasthAoM meM matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| 533. malayagiri, AvazyakavRtti, pR. 42

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[204] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ____16. paryApta dvAra - paryApta (chaha paryApti paryApta) meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA matijJAna kI niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se bhajanA hotI hai| aparyApta meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA matijJAna kI bhajanA hai tathA pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| no aparyApta no paryApta meM bhI matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| 17. sUkSma dvAra - sUkSma meM donoM apekSA se matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| bAdara meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA matijJAna kI niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se bhajanA hotI hai| no sUkSma no bAdara meM bhI matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| 18. saMjJI dvAra - dIrghakAlika saMjJA kI apekSA jo saMjJI hai, unameM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA matijJAna kI niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se bhajanA hotI hai| asaMjJI meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se matijJAna ho sakatA hai aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki jo asaMjJI sAsvAdana samakita sahita pUrvabhava se AtA hai to usameM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA matijJAna ho sakatA hai, lekina pratipadyamAna meM vaisI vizuddhi nahIM hone se usako matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| no saMjJI no asaMjJI meM bhI matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| ___19. bhavya dvAra - jinameM mukta hone kI yogyatA nahIM hotI, ve jIva abhavI aura jinameM mokSagamana kI yogyatA hotI hai| ve jIva bhavya kahalAte haiN| no bhavI aura no abhavI uparyukta donoM lakSaNoM se rahita hote haiN| bhavI meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA matijJAna kI niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se bhajanA hotI hai| abhavI aura no bhavI no abhavI meM donoM apekSA se matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| 20. caramadvAra-carama meM bhavI ke samAna hotA hai| acarama meM donoM apekSAoM se matijJAna nahIM hotA hai| saMsAra kA anta karane vAle aura mokSagamana ke yogya bhavI jIva carama kahalAte haiN| saMsAra kA anta nahIM karane vAle aura mokSagamana ke ayogya abhavI jIva acarama kahalAte haiM tathA siddha bhI acarama kahalAte haiM, kyoMki unhoMne siddhatva ko prApta kiyA hai, aba usakA kabhI anta nahIM hone vAlA hai| isalie siddha bhI acarama hai| maladhArI hemacandra ne no carama no acarama se siddhoM kA kathana kiyA hai,534 lekina AgamoM meM carama, acarama ye do hI bheda prApta hote haiM, no carama no acarama aisA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| prajJApanAvRtti meM malayagiri ne siddhoM kA grahaNa acarama meM hI kiyA hai| 2. dravya pramANa dvAra loka meM kisI bhI eka samaya meM Abhinibodhika jJAna vAle kA pramANa kitanA hotA hai, yaha dravya pramANa kahalAtA hai| ise jIva pramANa bhI kahate haiN| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki eka samaya meM matijJAna ko kitane jIva jAnate haiM? saba jAnate haiM yA kucha jAnate haiM? pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se jaghanya aura utkRSTa matijJAnI kSetra palyopama ke aMkhyAtaveM bhAga pradeza rAzi pramANa hote haiM, lekina jaghanya se utkRSTa vizeSAdhika hote haiN| pratipadyamAna kI apekSA eka samaya meM matijJAna vAle hote haiM athavA nahIM bhI hote haiM, jo hote haiM, to eka samaya meM jaghanya eka aura utkRSTa kSetra palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga ke pradezoM kI saMkhyA pramANa hote haiN| 534. no caramA-'caramANAM ca siddhAnAM kevalajJAnaM praapyte| - maladhArI hemacandra, vizeSAvazyakabhASya bRhadvRtti, pR. 339

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [205] 3. kSetra dvAra yahA~ kSetra kA artha avagAhanA kSetra hai| matijJAnI kA zarIra loka ke kitane bhAga ko avagAhita karatA hai| sabhI jIvoM kI apekSA Abhinibodhika jJAna vAle loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM vyApta hote haiN| usase unakA kSetra bhI loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga jitanA hai| lekina eka jIva kI apekSA se matijJAna kA kSetra sAta rajju pramANa hai| kyoMki Urdhvaloka meM vigrahagati (IlikA gati kI apekSA se) nirantara aura apAntara sparza karatA huA jIva anuttara vimAna meM jAtA hai athavA vahA~ se AtA hai, isa prakAra sAta rajju pramANa kSetra hotA hai| isI prakAra adholoka meM isI gati se chaThI nArakI meM jIva jAte haiM athavA vahA~ se Ate haiM, isakI apekSA pAMca rajju pramANa kSetra matijJAnI kA hotA hai| siddhAntavAdiyoM kA mata hai ki samyaktva prApta karake jinhoMne samyaktva kI virAdhanA kI hai, ve hI chaThI nArakI meM jAte haiM, lekina kSayopazama samyaktva grahaNa karake koI chaThIM naraka meM utpanna nahIM hote haiN| karmagrantha ke anusAra vaimAnika deva ko chor3akara manuSya athavA tiryaMca kSayopazama samyaktva kA vamana karake chaThI naraka meM utpanna hote haiM, kintu samyaktva ko grahaNa karake nahIM hote haiN| sAtavIM nArakI meM donoM ke mata se samyaktva kA tyAga karake hI jIva utpanna hote haiN| jinhoMne samyaktva grahaNa kI hai, aise jIva na to sAtavIM nArakI meM jAte haiM aura nahIM vahA~ se Ate haiN| yaha siddhAnta kA mata hai| kyoMki sAtavIM nArakI se nikale hue jIva niyamA tiryaMca paMcendriya meM hI utpanna hote haiM, manuSya meM nhiiN| isakA Agama meM spaSTa ullekha hai| (prajJApanA sUtra pada 6, choTI gatAgata) isalie sAtavIM nArakI meM jAte aura Ate samaya jIva niyamA mithyAtvI hote haiN| deva aura nArakI samyaktva sahita manuSyagati meM hI Ate haiN| 35 4. sparzana dvAra sparzana dvAra bhI kSetra dvAra ke samAna hai| prazna - donoM kA alaga kahane kA kyA kAraNa hai? uttara - jitane pradezoM ko zarIra avagAhita karake rahatA hai, utane kSetra ko kSetrAvagAhanA kahate haiM tathA avagAr3ha kSetra (arthAt zarIra jitane kSetra ko avagAhita karake rahA huA hai, vaha kSetra) aura usakA pArzvavartI kSetra jisake sAtha zarIra pradezoM kA sparza ho rahA hai, vaha sparzanAkSetra kahalAtA hai| yaha donoM meM antara hai| Agama meM eka pradeza ko avagAhita karake rahane vAle paramANu kI avagAhanA ekapradeza kI aura sAta pradeza kI usakI sparzanA kahI gaI hai| kyoMki jo eka pradeza ko avagAhita karake rahatA hai, eka pradeza aura zeSa chaha dizAoM ke chaha AkAza pradezoM ko milAkara paramANu kI sAta pradeza kI sparzanA hotI hai| dUsarI apekSA jitanA avagAhita karake rahatA hai, vaha kSetra kahalatA hai aura vigrahagati meM jitanA kSetra sparza karatA hai, vaha sparzanA kahalAtI hai| Abhinibodhika jJAna vAle eka jIva kI jo kSetra sparzanA hai, usakI apekSA sabhI Abhinibodhika jJAna vAle jIvoM kI kSetra-sparzanA asaMkhyAtaguNI adhika hai, kyoMki sabhI AbhinibodhikajJAna vAle asaMkhyAtaguNA adhika haiN|37 535. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 430-431 536. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, bhagavatIsUtra bhAga 4, pR. 442 537. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 432-434

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[206] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 5. kAla dvAra matijJAna kA kAla do prakAra kA hotA hai - upayogakAla aura lbdhikaal| matijJAna kI apekSA eka jIva kA upayoga kAla jaghanya aura utkRSTa antarmuhUrta kA hai, usake bAda upayogAntara hotA hai| sampUrNa loka rUpa sabhI Abhinibodhika jJAnopayogakAla bhI jaghanya aura utkRSTa kI apekSA se antarmuhUrta pramANa haiM, lekina yaha kAla eka jIva kI apekSA se bar3A hai| labdhi kI apekSA se matijJAna kA kAlamAna - jisane samyaktva prApta kiyA hai, aise eka jIva ke matijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama rUpa Abhinibodhika jJAna kI labdhi kA kAla jaghanya se antarmuhUrta kA hai| isake bAda mithyAtva athavA kevalajJAna kI prApti hotI hai| utkRSTa kI apekSA se matijJAna kA labdhi kAla chAsaTha sAgaropama kA hotA hai| matijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama rUpa ko labdhi kahate haiN| vaha labdhi dravyAdi upayoga vAle ke athavA binA upayoga vAle ke usa kSetra meM athavA anya kSetra meM hotI hai| isa prakAra kSayopazama rUpa labdhi 66 sAgaropama sAdhika niraMtara avasthita rahatI hai| jaise koI sAdhu karor3apUrva taka saMyama kA pAlana karake matijJAna sahita cAra anuttara vimAna meM se kisI vimAna meM deva ke rUpa meM 33 sAgaropama kI sthiti meM utpanna huA hai, vahA~ se cyava kara punaH manuSya meM Akara karor3apUrva taka saMyama kA pAlana karatA hai, punaH cAra anuttara vimAna meM deva ke rUpa meM 33 sAgaropama kI sthiti meM utpanna hotA hai| punaH manuSya meM Akara karor3a pUrva kA saMyama pAlana karake vaha mokSa gati ko prApta karatA hai| isa prakAra do devabhava ke 33+33=66 sAgaropama aura manuSya bhava kI sthiti jitanA adhika kAla milAkara kula 66 sAgaropama sAdhika kAla hotA hai| athavA acyuta nAmaka bArahaveM devaloka meM 2222 sAgaropama ke tIna bhava karatA hai, to bhI itanA kAla ghaTita hotA hai| ataH 66 sAgaropama kAla taka matijJAna sAtha meM rahatA hai, isalie labdhirUpa matijJAna kA avasthita kAla 66 sAgaropama sAdhika hotA hai| uparyukta matijJAna ke upayoga aura labdhi kA jo avasthAna kAla batAyA hai, vaha utkRSTa avasthAna kAla hai, jaghanya avasthAna kAla to eka samaya kA hotA hai| aneka matijJAnI jIvoM kI apekSA matijJAna kA kAlamAna sarvakAla hai|38 6. antara dvAra eka jIva kI apekSA se - eka jIva samyaktva prApta kara ke matijJAnI huA aura punaH samyaktva se bhraSTa hokara antarmuhUrta taka mithyAtva meM rahakara punaH samyaktva prApta karake matijJAnI ho sakatA hai, isa prakAra matijJAna kA jaghanya antara antarmuhUrta kA hai| AzAtanA Adi doSoM kI bahulatA ke kAraNa samyaktva se bhraSTa jIva utkRSTa kucha kama arddhapudgalaparArvatana taka samyaktva ko prApta nahIM karatA hai| isa prakAra matijJAna kA utkRSTa antara dezona arddhapudgala parAvartana kA hai| isake bAda to vaha jIva punaH samyaktva prApta kara matijJAnI hotA hI hai| bahuta jIvoM kI apekSA se matijJAna kA antara nahIM hai, kyoMki sampUrNa loka meM sarvadA koI jIva matijJAnI hotA hI hai|39 7. bhAga dvAra matijJAnavAle jIva zeSa jJAna aura ajJAna vAle jIvoM kI apekSA anantaveM bhAga hai, kyoMki zeSa jJAna vAle kevalajJAnI sahita ananta haiM aura ajJAniyoM meM vanaspati sahita ananta ajJAnI hote haiN| matijJAna vAle to sarvaloka meM bhI asaMkhyAtA hI hai|540 538. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 436 539. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 437 540. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 438

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM matijJAna 8. bhAva dvAra audayika Adi pAMca bhAvoM meM se matijJAna kSAyopazamika bhAva meM hI hotA hai / 9. alpabahutva dvAra mati Adi pAMca jJAnoM meM kisa jJAna vAle matijJAna se kama jyAdA haiM, isakA ullekha alpabahutva dvAra meM Age kiyA hai| matijJAna vAle kama se kama 1-2-3 athavA utkRSTa asaMkhyAtA hote haiN| yaha unase pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se sarva jIva se thor3e hI hai| unase pUrvapratipanna matijJAnI jaghanya padavAle pratipadyamAna matijJAnI se asaMkhyAtaguNA unase utkRSTa padavalA pUrvapratipanna vizeSAdhika hote haiM 41 [207] dUsarI apekSA se alpabahutva - dUsare jJAna vAloM kI apekSA matijJAnI jIva anantavAM bhAga jitane hai| zeSa jJAna rahita jIvoM kI apekSA pratipadyamAnI matijJAnI thoDe haiM aura pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se asaMkhyAtaguNA haiN| pAMcoM jJAnoM kI apekSA se alpabahutva sabase thor3e manaH paryavajJAnI, unase avadhijJAnI asaMkhyAta guNA, unase mati zruta jJAnI paraspara tulya vizeSAdhika, unase kevalajJAnI anantaguNA / unase samuccaya jJAnI vizeSAdhika / ajJAna-saba se thor3e vibhaMgajJAnI, unase mati zruta ajJAnI paraspara tulya anantaguNA / jJAna va ajJAna donoM sabase thor3e manaH paryavajJAnI, unase avadhijJAnI asaMkhyAta guNA, unase mati zrutajJAnI paraspara tulya vizeSAdhika, unase vibhaMgajJAnI asaMkhyAtaguNA, unase kevalajJAnI anntgunnaa| unase samuccaya jJAnI vishessaadhik| unase mati, zruta ajJAnI paraspara tulya anantaguNA / - gati Adi ke bheda se alpabahutva - sabase thor3e matijJAnavAle manuSya, unase asaMkhyAtaguNA nArakI, unase tiryaMca asaMkhyAta guNA aura unase deva matijJAnI asaMkhyAta guNA adhika haiN| isa prakAra sabhI jagaha alpabahutva kA vicAra kara lenA cAhie 1542 samIkSaNa indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hone vAlA jJAna matijJAna hai| jinabhadragaNi ne matijJAna ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM se mati, prajJA, Abhinibodhika aura buddhi ko vacanaparyAya ke rUpa meM tathA IhA, apoha, vimarza, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA, saMkhyA aura smRti ko arthaparyAya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| dUsarI apekSA se mati, prajJA, avagraha, IhA, apoha Adi sabhI matijJAna kI vacanaparyAya rUpa haiM aura ina zabdoM se matijJAna ke kahane yogya bheda arthaparyAya rUpa haiN| isa prakAra kA ullekha jinabhadragaNi kA vaiziSTya hai| 541. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 441 542. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 442 jinabhadragaNi ne avagraha meM hI sampUrNa matijJAna kA grahaNa kara liyA hai| jaise ki avagraha arthAt artha ko grahaNa karanA hai, vaise hI IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA bhI kisI na kisI artha ko grahaNa karate haiM isalie ve saba sAmAnya rUpa se avagraha hI haiN| isI prakAra IhA, apAya aura dhAraNA meM sampUrNa matijJAna kA samAveza ho jAtA hai / yaha ullekha jinabhadragaNi kI viziSTitA ko darzAtA hai|

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana mati aura zrutajJAna meM bhinnatA ko jinabhadragaNi ne sAta prakAroM se siddha karate hue inakA vistAra se ullekha kiyA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne hetu aura phala kI apekSA mati aura zruta meM bheda spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki bhAvazruta matipUrvaka hotA hai na ki dravyazruta / dravyazruta ko bhAvazruta kA kAraNa siddha kiyA hai| matijJAna ke pUrva dravyazruta ho sakatA hai / ata: naMdI sUtra meM 'Na mati suyapuvviyA' meM bhAvazruta kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| jana sAmAnya meM yaha dhAraNA pracalita hai ki zrotrendriya se sambandhita jJAna zrutajJAna tathA zeSa indriyoM se sambandhita jJAna matijJAna hai| isakA samAdhAna karate hue jinabhadragaNi ne kahA hai ki zrutAnusArI se hone vAlA akSaralAbha hI zruta hai, zeSa matijJAna hai| unhoMne dravyazruta aura bhAvazruta kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| vaktA zrutopayoga rahita jina padArthoM kA kathana karatA hai, vaha zabdamAtra hone se dravyazruta hai, aura jinheM zruta-buddhi se kevala paryAlocita hI karatA hai, kathana nahIM karatA hai, vaha bhAvazruta hai| kucha AcAryoM ne matijJAna kAraNa hone se valkala (chAla) aura zrutajJAna kArya hone se zumba rUpa svIkAra kiyA hai| jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki isase bhAvazruta kA abhAva prApta hotA hai| ataH mati valkala aura bhAvazruta zumba ke samAna hai| isa prakAra kA ullekha jinabhadragaNi kI vidvattA aura sUkSmadRSTi ko prakaTa karatA hai / kucha AcArya matijJAna ko anakSara aura zruta ko akSara evaM anakSara rUpa ubhayAtmaka svIkAra karate haiN| jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra mati aura zruta donoM ubhayAtmaka haiM, lekina dravyAkSara kI apekSA zrutajJAna sAkSara hai, matijJAna anakSara hai aura isI apekSA se donoM meM antara ghaTita ho sakatA hai| jabaki jinadAsagaNi zruta ko sAkSara aura mati ko anakSara mAnate haiM, haribhadra aura malayagiri ne zruta ko sAkSara aura mati ko ubhayAtmaka mAnA hai / mUka aura amUka kI apekSA mati - zruta meM pramANa sahita antara spaSTa kiyA hai / umAsvAti ne matijJAna ko indriya aura mana ke nimitti tathA zrutajJAna ko manonimittaka mAnA hai, jabaki jinabhadragaNi ne umAsvAti ke viparIta mati aura zruta donoM meM indriya aura mana kA nimitta svIkAra kiyA hai| prastuta adhyAya meM donoM ke matoM kA samanvaya vidyAnaMda ke anusAra kiyA gayA hai ki mati sAkSAt indriya manonimitta hai, jabaki zruta sAkSAt manonimitta hai aura paramparA se indriyamanonimittaka hai| [208] prAyaH vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki zrutajJAna anindriya arthAt mana se sambandhita hai, lekina arvAcIna vidvAn paM. kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA ne isakA niSedha kiyA hai ki ekendriya meM mana nahIM hotA hai, lekina vahA~ zruta ajJAna kA sadbhAva mAnA gayA hai| isalie yaha ucita nahIM hai, jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra matijJAna dravyazruta meM parivartita hotA hai, isako svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| zrutajJAna, matipUrvaka hotA hai kintu matijJAna, zrutapUrvaka nahIM hotA hai, isake nimnalikhita kAraNa dhyAna meM Ate haiM - 1. grahaNa pahale jIva, vAcaka zabda ko yA vAcya padArtha ko grahaNa karatA hai| phira una donoM meM jo vAcya vAcaka saMbaMdha hai, usakI paryAlocanA pUrvaka zabda va artha ko jAnatA hai / vAcya padArtha yA vAcaka zabda ko grahaNa karanA - matijJAna hai aura vAcya vAcaka sambandha paryAlocanA pUrvaka zabda va artha ko jAnanA - zrutajJAna hai / ataH zrutajJAna hone ke lie pahale matijJAna kA honA anivArya hai / isalie matijJAna, zrutajJAna kA kAraNa hai, parantu matijJAna hone ke lie, pahale zrutajJAna kA honA anivArya nahIM hai| ataeva zrutajJAna, matijJAna kA kAraNa nahIM hai| 2. tIkSNatA evaM vikAsa- yadi kisI ko zrutajJAna ko tIkSNa evaM vikasita karanA hai, to usakA matijJAna tIkSNa evaM vikAsita honA Avazyaka hai| anuprekSA, cintana, tarkaNA zakti kA -

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [209] tIkSNa evaM vikasita honA Avazyaka hai| yadi aisA nahIM huA, to usakA zrutajJAna tIkSNa evaM vikasita nahIM hogaa| ata: matijJAna, zrutajJAna kI tIkSNatA evaM vikAsa kA kAraNa hai, para zrutajJAna matijJAna kI tIkSNatA evaM vikAsa kA ekAnta kAraNa nahIM, kyoMki kaiyoM meM zrutajJAna tIkSNa evaM vikasita na hote hue bhI matijJAna tIkSNa evaM vikasita hotA hai| 3. sthirIkaraNa - yadi kisI ko prApta zrutajJAna TikAnA hai, to usameM smRtirUpa matijJAna honA Avazyaka hai| yadi usameM smRti rUpa matijJAna nahIM huA, to zrutajJAna Tika nahIM sktaa| ata: matijJAna, zrutajJAna ke TikAva kA kAraNa hai, para zrutajJAna, matijJAna ke TikAva kA kAraNa nahIM hai, kyoMki matijJAna svataH TikatA hai, zrutajJAna ke kAraNa nhiiN| isa prakAra zrutajJAna ke grahaNa, tIkSNatA, vikAsa aura sthirIkaraNa meM matijJAna pUrva sahAyaka hai| ataeva zrutajJAna, matipUrvaka hai| para matijJAna ke grahaNa Adi meM zrutajJAna sahAyaka nahIM hone se matijJAna, zrutapUrvaka nahIM hai| isa kAraNa mati aura zruta, ye donoM jJAna bhinna-bhinna haiM, eka nhiiN| mati-zruta ko abhinna siddha karane kA prayAsa siddhasena divAkara ne kiyA hai, parantu digambara sAhitya meM aisA ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai| yazovijaya jaina vAGmaya meM eka aise vidvAn the, jinhoMne mati aura zruta kI Agamasiddha yukti ko svIkAra karate hue bhI siddhasena ke mata kA tArkika zailI se samarthana kiyA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se matijJAna ke 28 bheda haiM, lekina isa sambandha meM prApta matAntara kA ullekha karate hue usakA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI anya graMthoM ke AdhAra se matijJAna ke 2 se 384 taka ke bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| zrutanizrita evaM azrutanizrita matijJAna kA varNana karate hue jinabhadragaNi ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki zruta nizrita meM zrutasparza kI bahulatA hotI hai, jabaki azrutanizrita meM zruta kA sparza alpa hotA hai| zruta kA alpa aura bahutva sparza hI donoM meM bheda kA vyAvartaka lakSaNa hai| __jinabhadragaNi ne autpattikI Adi cAra buddhiyoM ko avagrahAdi se abhinna mAnA hai| autpattikI Adi cAra buddhiyoM kA matijJAna ke bheda ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama ullekha naMdIsUtra meM prApta hotA hai| 1. autpatikI - naTaputra roha kI buddhi kI taraha jo buddhi binA dekhe sune aura soce huye padArthoM ko sahasA grahaNa ke kArya ko siddha kara detI hai| use autpatikI buddhi kahate haiN| 2. vainayikI - naimittika siddha putra ke ziSyoM kI taraha guruoM kI sevA zuzrUSA karane se prApta hone vAlI buddhi vainayikI hai| 3. kArmikI - karma arthAt satata abhyAsa aura vicAra se vistAra ko prApta hone vAlI buddhi kArmikI hai| jaise sunAra, kisAna Adi karma karate karate apane dhandhe meM uttarottara vizeSa dakSa ho jAte haiN| 4. pAriNAmikI - ati dIrgha kAla taka pUrvApara padArthoM ke dekhane Adi se utpanna hone vAlA AtmA kA dharma pariNAma kahalAtA hai| usa pariNAma kAraNaka buddhi ko pAriNAmikI kahate haiN| arthAt vayovRddha vyakti ko bahuta kAla taka saMsAra ke anubhava se prApta hone vAlI buddhi pAriNAmikI buddhi kahalAtI hai| ina cAra buddhiyoM ke hindI meM cAra dohe haiM, ve isa prakAra haiMautpattikI buddhi -bina dekhI bina sAMbhalI, jo koI pUche baat| usakA uttara turanta de, so buddhi utpaat||

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[210] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana viza vainayikI buddhi - gurujanoM kA vinaya kare, tInoM yogadhara dhyaan| buddhi vinayajA vaha lahe, antima pada nirvANa // kArmikI buddhi - jo karatA jisa kAma ko, vaha usameM prviinn| buddhi karmajA hotI vaha, vijJa jana tuma lo jaan|| pAriNAmikI buddhi- umra anubhava jyoM jyoM baDhe, tyoM-tyoM jJAna vistaar| buddhi pariNAmI kahAta vaha, karata kArya nistAra // naMdIsUtra meM to avagrahAdi cAra ko zrutanizrita ke bheda ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jabaki sthAnAMga sUtra meM zrutanizrita aura azrutanizrita donoM meM avagrahAdi cAra bheda batAye haiN| prastuta adhyAya meM zaMkA samAdhAna karate hue kahA hai ki naMdIsUtra meM azrutanizrita ke avagrahAdi bhedoM kI mukhyatA nahIM hone se upekSita kara diyA gayA hai tathA sthAnAMgasUtra meM gauNa rUpa se hone para bhI unakA astitva to hai hI, isalie batAye gae haiN| avagraha ke sambandha meM kucha AcAryoM kA mAnanA hai ki 'yaha vaha hai' aisA sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka jJAna avagraha rUpa hai| jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki yaha jJAna to nizcaya rUpa hai, jisako svIkAra karane para IhA, apAya kI pravRtti nahIM ho sakegI, isalie yaha ucita nahIM hai| avagraha ke arthAvagraha aura vyaMjanAvagraha ye do bheda haiN| inakA sarvaprathama ullekha naMdIsUtra meM prApta hotA hai| 1. vyaMjanAvagraha - artha aura indriya kA saMyoga honA vyaMjanAvagraha hai aura 2. arthAvagraha - indriya aura artha kA sambandha hone para nAma Adi kI vizeSa kalpanA se rahita sAmAnya mAtra kA jJAna avagraha hai| vyaMjAvagraha ke pUrva pUjyapAda Adi AcArya darzana ko svIkAra karate haiM, jabaki jinabhadragaNi isakA niSedha karate haiN| isa prakAra donoM matoM meM se jinabhadragaNi kA mata adhika puSTa lagatA hai, kyoMki vyaMjanAvagraha meM viSaya aura indriya saMyoga nahIM hone se indriyoM kA prApya-aprApyakAritva ke sAtha saMbandha nahIM rahatA hai| ataH vyaMjanAvagraha ke cAra bhedoM kI saMgati ke lie jo prApyakArI kA tarka diyA hai, vaha saMgata nahIM rahatA hai| lekina jinabhadragaNi kA mata svIkAra karane se yaha visaMgati nahIM rahatI hai| jinabhadragaNi ne vistAra se ullekha karate hue vyaMjanAvagraha ko jJAna rUpa siddha kiyA hai| vyaMjanAvagraha kA viSaya indriya aura indriya viSaya kA jo paraspara saMparka honA hai| vyaMjanAvagraha ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karane ke lie puruSa aura mallaka kA dRSTAMta diyA gayA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne arthAvagraha ke sambandha meM prApta cAra matAntaroM (1. avagraha meM vizeSa grahaNa hotA hai 2. paricita ko prathama samaya meM hI vizeSa jJAna hotA hai 3. arthAvagraha Alocana pUrvaka hotA hai 4. arthAvagraha eka samaya kA nahIM ho sakatA hai) kA ullekha karate hue yuktiyukta samAdhAna kiyA hai| bahu, bahuvidha Adi bAraha bheda eka samaya vAle avagraha meM ghaTita nahIM hote haiM, isake lie jinabhadragaNi ne sAMvyavahArika avagraha kI kalpanA karake ina bhedoM kA ghaTita kiyA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne vyaMjanAvagraha aura arthAvagraha ke svarUpa meM matabheda ko spaSTa kiyA hai| pUjyapAda Adi ke anusAra avyakta grahaNa vyaMjanAvagraha tathA vyakta grahaNa arthAvagraha hai, jinabhadragaNi kA mantavya hai ki vyaMjanAvagraha meM viSaya aura viSayI ke sannipAta se darzana nahIM hotA hai| arthAvagraha meM sAmAnya, anirdezya evaM nAma, svarUpa jAti se rahita jJAna hotA hai, jise apekSA vizeSa se darzana kI zreNI meM rakha sakate haiN| jabaki vIrasenAcArya ne prApta artha kA grahaNa vyaMjanAvagraha

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tRtIya adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM matijJAna [211] aura aprApta artha kA grahaNa arthAvagraha kahA hai| isa prakAra tInoM ne apanA-apanA mata puSTa kiyA hai| lekina sUkSma ciMtana kareM to ina tInoM matoM se vyaMjanAvagraha kA viziSTa svarUpa prakaTa hotA hai| avagraha aura saMzaya meM bhinnatA hai, tathA jinabhadragaNi ne saMzaya ko jJAna rUpa svIkAra kiyA hai, kintu use pramANa nahIM mAnA hai| jainadarzana meM avagraha jJAna ko pramANa kI koTi meM mAnA gayA hai| isa tathya kI siddhi Agamika paramparA aura pramANamImAMsIya paramparA ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai| avagraha ke donoM bhedoM meM se vyaMjanAvagraha nirNayAtmaka nahIM hone tathA anadhyavasAyAtmaka rUpa hone ke kAraNa vaha pramANa kI koTi meM nahIM AtA hai| jaiseki jinabhadragaNi ke mata meM upacarita arthAvagraha akalaMka, vidyAnanda Adi ke mata meM varNita arthAvagraha aura vIrasenAcArya ke mata meM vizadAvagraha svarUpa jo arthAvagraha hai, vaha pratyakSa-pramANa siddha hotA hai| avagraha ke paryAyavAcI bhedoM kA meM se avagrahaNatA aura upadhAraNatA vyaMjanAvagraha se sambandhita hai, zravaNatA kevala zrotrendriya ke avagraha se sambandhita hai arthAt arthAvagraha hai tathA avalambanatA aura medhA bheda sAMvyavahArika arthAvagraha rUpa hai, jo niyama se IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA taka pahu~cane vAle haiN| kucha jJAnAdhArA sirpha avagraha taka hI raha jAtI hai aura kucha Age bar3hane vAlI hotI hai| ina pAMca nAmoM meM se AlambatA to nAma bheda kI apekSA se aura zeSa cAra kAla bheda kI apekSA se hai| sAtha hI naMdIsUtra meM varNita paryAyavAcI zabdoM kI SaTkhaNDAgama aura tattvArtha sUtra meM varNita avagraha ke paryAyavAcI zabda ke sAtha samAnatA bhinnatA ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| avagraha ke dvArA avyakta rUpa meM jAne hue padArtha kI yathArtha samyag vicAraNA karanA 'IhA' hai| akalaMkAdi AcAryoM ne IhA ke pUrva saMzaya ko svIkAra kiyA hai| jabaki jinabhadragaNi Adi AcAryoM ne avagraha aura IhA ke madhya meM saMzaya ko sthAna nahIM diyA hai| bRhadvRtti meM maladhArI hemacandra ne udAharaNa sahita IhA aura saMzaya meM antara ko spaSTa kiyA hai| IhA hetu se hotI hai anumAna se nhiiN| IhA aura Uha meM samAnatA ko darzAte hue umAsvAti IhA (Uha) ko matijJAna rUpa tathA akalaMka UhA ko zrutajJAna rUpa svIkAra karate haiN| IhA pramANa rUpa hai| IhA ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM kI tulanA naMdIsUtra, SaTkhaNDAgama aura tattvArthasUtra ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai| IhA ke dvArA samyag vicAra kiye gaye padArtha kA samyag nirNaya karanA avAya hai| AgamoM aura graMthoM meM 'avAya' aura 'apAya' donoM zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| avAya ko aupacArika rUpa se arthAvagraha rUpa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| matAntara kA khaNDana karate hue spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki avAya meM sadbhUta aura asadbhUta donoM prakAra ke padArthoM kA dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| avAya ke paryAyavAcI ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jinadAsagaNi ke anusAra jaba buddhi manodravya kA anusaraNa kare taba vaha mati rUpa hotI hai| isalie buddhi avagraha aura mati IhA rUpa hai| jabaki haribhadra aura malayagiri ke anusAra buddhi avagraha aura IhA rUpa tathA mati avAya aura dhAraNA rUpa hotI hai| naMdIsUtra meM avAya ke rUpa meM prayukta buddhi kA artha spaSTatara bodha kiyA hai| dhAraNA avicyuti, vAsanA rUpa se tIna prakAra kI hotI hai| pUjyapAda ke anusAra avAya dvArA nizcita huI vastu kA jisake kAraNa kAlAntara meM vismaraNa nahIM hotA hai, vaha dhAraNA hai| akalaMka Adi ke anusAra smRti kA kAraNa saMskAra hai, jo jJAnarUpa hai, usI ko dhAraNA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| dhAraNA kA yaha svarUpa vAsanA (saMskAra) rUpa meM digambara paramparA meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke anusAra - 'aviccuI dhAraNA tassa' arthAt nirNayAtmaka

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[212] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jJAna kI avicchinna rUpa se sthiti dhAraNA kahalAtI hai| yahA~ avicyuti ko upalakSaNa se mAnate hue avicyuti, vAsanA (saMskAra) aura smRti ina tInoM ko dhAraNA rUpa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| dhAraNA ke sambandha meM anya darzanoM kI ora se zaMkA prastuta kI hai ki avicyuti, smRti gRhItagrAhI hone se tathA vAsanA saMkhyAta/asaMkhyAta kAla kI hone se dhAraNA rUpa nahIM ho sakatI hai, ata: matijJAna kA dhAraNA rUpI bheda ghaTita nahIM hone se matijJAna ke tIna hI bheda prApta hoMge, cAra nhiiN| jinabhadragaNi ne isakA yuktiyukta samAdhAna karate hue matijJAna ke cAra bhedoM kI siddhi kI hai| pUrva bhava meM jo zabda Adi rUpI-arUpI padArthoM kA jJAna kiyA thA, usakA vartamAna bhava meM smaraNa meM AnA jAtismaraNa jJAna hai| yaha dhAraNA ke tIsare bheda smRti meM samAviSTa hotA hai| avagraha Adi ke kAla ke sambandha meM ullekha karate hue avagrahAdi kA kAla nirdhArita karate hue jinabhadragaNi ne naizcayika arthAvagraha kA kAla eka samaya, vyaMjanAvagraha tathA vyAvahArika arthAvagraha kA kAla antarmuhUrta, IhA aura apAya kA kAla antarmuhUrta, avicyuti aura smRti rUpa dhAraNA kA kAla bhI antarmuhUrta, vAsanA rUpa dhAraNA kA kAla saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta kAla taka mAnA hai| haribhadrasUri naizcayika arthAvagraha kA kAlamAna eka samaya aura sAMvyavahArika arthAvagraha kA samaya antarmuhUrta mAnate haiN| kamala ke sau patte chedana kA udAharaNa dete hue jinabhadragaNi ne avagraha Adi ke nizcitta krama ko samajhAyA hai| avagraha, IhA, avAya evaM dhAraNA jJAna meM pratyeka ke bahu, alpa, bahuvidha, alpavidha Adi bAraha bheda hote haiN| AcAryoM ne jo inakI bhAMti-bhAMti se carcA kI hai, use bhI zodha-prabandha meM sthAna diyA gayA hai| dravyAdi kI apekSA matijJAna ke viSaya kA ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki matijJAnI sarva dravyoM ko jAnate aura dekhate haiN| yahA~ sarva zabda Adeza kI apekSA se prayukta huA hai| Adeza sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM prakAra se prayukta hotA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM 'AeseNaM savvadavvAiM jANai, pAsai' jabaki naMdIsUtra ke pATha meM 'AeseNaM savvAiM davvAiM jANai Na pAsai' arthAt bhagavatI meM to 'pAsai' aura naMdIsUtra meM 'Na pAsai' kriyA kA prayoga huA hai| isa visaMgati kA samAdhAna bhagavatIsUtra ke TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ke anusAra karate hue donoM kriyAoM ke prayoga ko apekSA vizeSa se sahI ThaharAyA gayA hai| isI prakAra kSetra, kAla aura bhAva meM prayukta sarva zabda kA artha samajhanA caahie| satpadaprarUpaNA, dravyapramANa, kSetra, sparzanA, kAla, antara, bhAga, bhAva aura alpabahutva ina nau dvAroM ke mAdhyama se matijJAna kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| satpadaprarUpaNA ke antargata gati, indriya, kAya, yoga, veda, kaSAya Adi 20 dvAroM ke mAdhyama se matijJAna kI carcA kI gaI hai| yaha ullekha pUrvapratipanna (bhUtakAla kA jJAna kI apekSA se) aura pratipadyamAna (vartamAna ke eka samaya kA jJAna) kI apekSA se kiyA gayA hai| pUrvapratipanna meM pUrva meM prApta matijJAna kI vivakSA hai aura pratipadyamAna meM vartamAna ke eka samaya meM navIna matijJAna utpanna ho rahA hai athavA nahIM, isakI vivakSA hai| matijJAna ke sambandha meM viziSTa ullekha - 1. jJAna ke avagrahAdi bheda viSaya-grahaNa kI eka prakriyA hai, jo nimna prakAra se haiM - sarvaprathama iMdriya aura artha kA yogya deza meM avasthAna -> darzana (sattA mAtra kA grahaNa) -> vyaMjanAvagraha (iMdriya aura artha ke sambandha kA jJAna) -> arthAvagraha (artha kA grahaNa, jaise kI

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tRtIya adhyAya vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM matijJAna kucha hai) IhA ( paryAlocanAtmaka jJAna, jaise yaha sthANu honA cAhie) avAya (nizcayAtmaka jJAna, jaise yaha sthANu hI hai ) - dhAraNA (aviccayuti, jaise sthANu kA jJAna saMskAra rUpa meM sthira rahanA) [213] pUjyApAda ke mata se vyaMjanAvagraha se pUrva darzana hotA hai, isalie ukta prakriyA meM vyaMjanAvagraha se pUrva darzana kA ullekha kiyA evaM jinabhadragaNi ke mata se vyaMjanAvagraha se pUrva darzana nahIM hotA hai, ataH unake anusAra ukta prakriyA sIdhe vyaMjanAvagraha se prAraMbha hogii| 2. eka jIva ananta jIvoM ko aura ananta pudgaloM ko tathA unakI paryAyoM ko matijJAna dvArA jAnatA hai| isalie eka jIva kI apekSA bhI matijJAna kI ananta paryAyeM hotI haiM / 3. zaMkA - jisa prakAra parama (sarvotkRSTa) avadhijJAna hote hI antarmuhUrta meM kevalajJAna ho jAtA hai, vaise hI sarvotkRSTa matijJAna hone para kevalajJAna hotA hai yA nhiiN| samAdhAna nahIM, kyoMki prajJApanA sUtra ke pAMcaveM pada (jIvaparyAya) meM utkRSTa matijJAna meM avagAhanA catuHsthAnapatita batAI hai| jo ki mAraNAMtika samudghAta kI apekSA se ghaTita hotI hai / ataH sarvotkRSTa matijJAnI kA caramazarIra honA Avazyaka nahIM hai evaM jIva utkRSTa matijJAna pUre saMsAra kAla meM kitanI hI bAra ho sakatA hai| 4. jAtismaraNa jJAna to jJAnAvaraNIya ke kSayopazama se hotA hai, lekina uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke navaveM adhyayana kI pahalI gAthA ke anusAra mohanIya karma kI upazAnti se jAtismaraNa jJAna hotA hai| isakA yaha kAraNa ho sakatA hai ki mohanIya karma kI upazAMti se hone vAlA jAtismaraNa jJAna, jJAna rUpa hotA hai, anupazAMti se hone vAlA jAti smaraNa jJAna ajJAna rUpa hotA hai| kyoMki jAtismaraNajJAna jJAna aura ajJAna donoM taraha kA hotA hai / samyagdRSTi matijJAnI kA jAtismaraNa jJAna rUpa tathA mithyAdRSTi matiajJAnI kA jAtismaraNa ajJAna rUpa hai, ataH yahA~ samyagjJAna utpanna huA, yaha batAne ke lie mohanIya karma kI upazAMti batAI gii| zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM matijJAna ke svarUpa meM antara - prastuta adhyAya kA adhyayana karane para zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM matijJAna ke svarUpa meM nimna antara pratIta hue jo nimna prakAra se haiM - 1. zvetAmbara paramparA meM matijJAna ke zrutaniHsRta aura azrutaniHsRta bheda prApta hote haiM, jabaki digambara paramparA meM ye bheda prApta nahIM hote haiM / 2. zvetAmbara paramparA meM azrutaniHsRta mati ke autpatikI Adi cAra bheda haiM, jabaki dhavalA TIkA meM autpatikI Adi cAra buddhi kA varNana prajJARddhi ke antargata kiyA gayA hai| 3. zvetAmbara meM paramparA zrutaniHsRta matijJAna ke avagrahAdi cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM, jabaki digambara paramparA meM avagraha Adi cAra kA ullekha sAmAnya rUpa meM hI kiyA gayA hai| 4. zvetAmbara paramparA meM prajJA kA sambandha zrutanizrita mati ke sAtha jor3A hai, jabaki digambara paramparA meM isakA sambandha azrutanizrita ke sAtha jor3A gayA hai / 5. autpAtikI buddhi ke lie zvetAmbara sAhitya meM pUrvajanma meM sIkhe hue caudaha pUrva kI vismRti aura uttaravartI manuSya bhava meM punaH prakaTa hone kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai, jabaki digambara sAhitya meM aisA ullekha prApta hotA hai /

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[214] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 6. zvetAmbara sAhitya meM karmajA buddhi kI prApti meM AcArya ke upedaza ke tattva ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jabaki dhavalATIkAra ne karmajA buddhi kI prApti meM AcArya ke upedaza ke tattva ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| ____7. zvetAmbara sAhitya meM autpatikI, vainayikI aura karmajA buddhi kA aMtarbhAva pAriNAmika buddhi meM nahIM mAnA gayA hai, jabaki dhavalATIkA ke anusAra jAtivizeSa se utpanna huI buddhi pAriNAmika hai| isalie autpatikI, vainayikI aura karmajA se bhinna buddhi kA aMtarbhAva pAriNAmika prajJA meM kiyA gayA hai| 8. zvetAmbara graMthoM meM autpAttikI Adi cAra buddhiyoM kA sambandha matijJAna se mAnA gayA hai, digambara grathoM meM autpAtikI Adi cAra buddhiyoM kA sambandha zrutajJAna se kiyA gayA hai| 9. naMdI TIkA meM medhA kA artha prathama vizeSa sAmAnya arthAvagraha ke bAda prApta 'vizeSa sAmAnya arthAvagraha' kiyA hai| dhavalATIkA meM medhA kA artha arthajJAna ke hetu ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA hai| 10. Avazyakaniyukti Adi meM apoha kA artha avAya paraka kiyA hai, jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama aura dhavalATIkA meM isakA artha IhA paraka kiyA hai| 11. zvetAmbara paramparA meM smRti ko matijJAna rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai, jabaki digambara paramparA meM smRti ko zrutajJAna ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ____ 12. yazovijaya vAsanA ko aupacArika rUpa se jJAna rUpa mAnate haiM, jabaki akalaMka aura hemacandra vAsanA ko jJAna rUpa mAnate haiN| 13. zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra saMskAra karma-kSayopazamarUpa hone se AtmA kI zakti vizeSa mAtra hai, jJAna rUpa nahIM hai, jabaki digambara paramparA meM vAsanA (saMskAra) ko hI dhAraNA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 14. jinabhadragaNi ne saMzayAdi ko jJAna rUpa svIkAra kiyA hai, jabaki akalaMka ne saMzayAdi ko jJAna rUpa svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai|

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cartutha adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna pAMca jJAnoM meM dUsarA jJAna zrutajJAna hai| zrutajJAna sampUrNa cAritra kA AdhArabhUta hai| zruta zabda 'zru' (zravaNe) dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA vyutpattijanya artha sunanA hai aura viziSTa artha Apta ke vacana sunakara usake anusAra zabdAnuviddha jJAna honA zrutajJAna hai| zravaNa ke AdhAra para hI vaidika paramparA meM vedoM ko zruti, jaina paramparA ke AgamoM ko zruta aura bauddha paramparA meM tripaTaka ko zruta, Agama athavA pAli kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ sunane kA artha hai - rUpI arUpI padArtha ko matijJAna se grahaNa kara yA smaraNa kara use aura usake vAcaka zabda ko, usa vAcya artha aura usake vAcaka zabda meM jo paraspara vAcya-vAcaka saMbaMdha rahA huA hai, usakI paryAlocanA pUrvaka zabda ullekha sahita jAnanA zrutajJAna hai|' jaise 'ghaTa' padArtha ke vAcaka zabda 'ghaTa' zabda ko suna kara, 'ghaTa' padArtha ko jAnanA 'ghaTa' viSayaka zrutajJAna hai| athavA sAmAnyatayA guru ke zabda sunane se yA graMtha par3hane se athavA unameM upayoga lagAne se jo jJAna hotA hai, use-'zrutajJAna' kahate haiN| isakA vistAra se varNana nimna prakAra se hai| AgamoM meM zrutazabda kA upayoga - jainAgamoM meM zruta zabda 'sunanA 'zAstra' 'Agama' 'zrutajJAna aura mithyAzruta ke lie jainAgamoM meM pApazruta kA bhI prayoga huA hai| Adi arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| isake alAvA AgamoM meM prayukta 'bahussuyA' (bahuzruta) 'anuzruta 'mahAzruta10 " zrutadharma11 'sUtrazruta'12 'arthazruta13 Adi zabda zruta ke sAtha saMbaMdha rakhate haiN| zrutajJAna kA lakSaNa zrutajJAna zrotrendriya se sambandhita hai arthAt jo diyA liyA jAtA hai, bolA jAtA hai, zabdoM se jo jAnA jAtA hai, vAcya vAcaka bhAva se jo jAnA jAtA hai, vaha zrutajJAna hai| zvetAmbara AcAyoM kI dRSTi meM zrutajJAna kA lakSaNa - umAsvAti (tRtIya zatI) ne tattvArthabhASya ullekha kiyA hai ki zrutajJAna matipUrvaka hotA hai| zruta, Aptavacana, Agama, upadeza, aitihya, AmnAya pravacana aura jinavacana ye zabda eka hI artha ke vAcaka hai| 1. zRNoti vAcyavAcakabhAvapurassaraM zravaNaviSayena zabdena saha saMspRSTamarthaM paricchinattyAtmA yena pariNAmavizeSeNa sa pariNAmavizeSaH shrutm| - malayagiri vRtti, pR. 140 2. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 205 3. AcArAMgasUtra 4.1.8, sUyagaDAMgasUtra 1.15.16, bhagavatIsUtra 3.7.1 4. uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 17 gAthA 2,4 5. bhagavatIsUtra 1.1.3, 15.1, sthAnAMgasUtra 2.1.24 6. sUyagaDAMgasUtra 1.2.2.25, 31, 16.2, 1.15.16, bhagavatIsUtra 8.2.6, sthAnAMgasUtra 5.3.12 7. sUyagaDAMgasUtra 1.3.3.3 8. bhagavatI sUtra za. 2 u. 5, 15.1.15, uttarAdhyayanasUtra a.5 gAthA 29, a. 11 gAthA 15 9. uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 5 gAthA 18 10. uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 20 gAthA 53 11. sthAnAMgasUtra 2.4.14 12. sthAnAMgasUtra 2.1.25 13. sUyagaDAMgasUtra 2.2.10, sthAnAMgasUtra 8.14, samavAyAMgasUtra 28 14. zrutajJAnaM matijJAnapUrvakaM bhvti| zrutamAptavacanaM Agama upadeza aitihyamAmnAyaH pravacanaM jinvcnmitynrthaantrm| - sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra, 1.20 pR. 88

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[216] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa (saptama zatI) kA kathana hai ki 'taM teNa tao tammi va suNei so vA suaM teNa' arthAt usako, usake dvArA, usase hone se yA usake hone para AtmA dvArA sunA jAtA hai yA AtmA sunatA hai, usase vaha 'zruta' kahA jAtA hai| jinadAsagaNi ne bhI zrutajJAna kI aisI vyutpatti dI hai| maladhArI hemacandra (dvAdaza zatI) ne zrRtajJAna kA artha kiyA hai - 'taM teNa' jo AtmA dvArA sunA jAe, usa zabda ko zruta kahate haiM athavA jisase sunA jAya, yA jisake hone se arthAt zrutajJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama hone se sunA jAya, vaha zruta kahalAtA hai| athavA 'suNei so vA' jo sunatA hai, vaha AtmA zruta hai| zabda zruta-jJAna kA kAraNa hai aura zrutajJAnAvaraNIya kA kSayopazama bhI jJAna meM hetu hai tathA jJAna va AtmA kA kathaMcit abheda hone se jJAna ko zruta kaha diyA jAtA hai, vaha zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai| zAMtyAcArya ke anusAra - jo sunA jAtA hai vaha zruta-zabda hai| zabda dravya zruta hI hai| jaba zabda ko sunA jAtA hai, bolA jAtA hai, pustaka Adi meM akSara ke rUpa meM cakSu indriya se par3hA jAtA hai athavA zeSa indriyoM se avagRhIta artha kA paryAlocana kiyA jAtA hai, usa samaya jo akSarAnusArI/ zrutAnusArI vijJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha bhAvazruta hai aura vahI yahA~ zruta zabda se abhihita hai| malayagiri (trayodaza zatI) ne zrutajJAna kA artha karate hue kahA hai ki - vAcya-vAcaka ke sambandhajJAna pUrvaka zabda se sambaddha artha ko jAnane kA jo hetu hai, vaha zrutajJAna hai| jaise amuka AkAra vAlI vastu hai, jo jaladhAraNa Adi arthakriyA meM samartha hai| vaha ghaTa (vAcaka) zabda ke dvArA vAcya hai, ityaadi| jisa jJAna meM kAlika- sAdhAraNa, samAna pariNAma mukhya hotA hai, jo zabda aura artha ke paryAlocana ke anusAra hotA hai, jo indriya aura mana ke nimitta se hotA hai, vaha zrutujJAna hai|" upAdhyAya yazovijaya (aSTAdaza zatI) ke anusAra - jo jJAna indriya aura manojanya hote hue zruta kA anusaraNa kare vaha zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai| digambara AcAyoM kI dRSTi meM zrutajJAna kA lakSaNa - AcArya guNadharAnusAra (dvitIya-tRtIya zatI) - matijJAna se jAne hue padArtha kA avalaMbana lekara jo anya artha kA jJAna hotA hai, vaha zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai| amRtacandrasUri ke vacanAnusAra - matijJAna ke bAda aspaSTa artha kI tarkaNA ko liye hue jo jJAna hotA hai, use zrutajJAna kahate haiM pUjyapAda (paMcama-SaSTha zatI) ke anusAra - padArtha jisake dvArA sunA jAtA hai, jo sunatA hai yA sunanA mAtra zruta kahalAtA hai| 'zruta' zabda sunane rUpa artha meM mukhyatA se niSpAdita hai to bhI rUr3hi se usakA vAcya koI jJAnavizeSa hai, vahI zrutajJAna hai| 15. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 81 16. tahA tacchRNoti, teNa vA suNeti, tamhA vA suNeti, tamhi vA suNetIti sutN| - naMdIcUrNi pR. 20 17. maladhArI hemacandra, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 81 kI bRhavRtti, pR. 46 18. uttarAdhyayana zAMtyAcArya bRhadvRtti, pR. 556-557 19. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 65 20. tatrendriyamanonimittaM zrutAnusAri ca shrutjnyaanm| - jainatarkabhASA pR. 6 21. madiNANapuvvaM sudaNANaM hodi madiNANavisayakayaaTThAdo pudhbhuudtttthvisyN| kasAyapAhuDaM, pR. 38 22. matipUrva zrutaM proktamavispaSTArthatarkaNam / tattvArthasAra, prathama adhikAra, gAthA 24 pR. 9 23. sarvArthasiddhi 1.9 pR. 67 24. sarvArthasiddhi 1.20 pR. 85

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cartutha adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [217] yogIndudeva (SaSTha- saptama zatI) ne zrutajJAna kI paribhASA dete hue kahA hai ki jo aneka arthoM kA prarUpaNa karane meM samartha hai, aisA aspaSTa jJAna rUr3hivaza - zabda kI vyutpattivaza zravaNa zruta kahalAtA hai, yaha zruta kA lakSaNa hai 25 akalaMka (aSTama zatI) ke kathanAnusAra - yaha zruta zabda sunane rUpa artha kI mukhyatA se niSpAdita hai to bhI rUr3hi se usakA vAcya koI jJAna vizeSa hai| jaise kuzala zabda kA vyutpatti artha kuzakA chedanA hai| to bhI rUr3hi se usakA artha paryavadAta arthAta vimala yA manojJa liyA jAtA hai 26 zrutajJAna kA viSayabhUta artha zruta hai / 27 vizeSa rUpa se tarkaNA karanA arthAt UhA karanA, vitarka karanA zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai| 28 AcArya zubhacandra ke anusAra jo zrutajJAna aneka aMga, pUrva aura prakIrNakarUpa zAkhAbhedoM ke dvArA bahuta prakAra se vistRta hai tathA syAdvAdanyAya se vyApta hai, anekAnta kA anusaraNa karatA hai, vaha aneka prakAra kA hai / 29 vIrasenAcArya (navama zatI) ke anusAra 1. jisa jJAna meM matijJAna kAraNa hai, jo matijJAna se grahaNa kiye gaye padArtha ko chor3akara tatsaMbandhita dUsare padArtha meM vyApAra karatA hai aura zrutajJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se utpanna hotA hai, use zrutajJAna kahate haiM / 2. avagraha se lekara dhAraNA paryanta matijJAna ke dvArA jAne gaye artha ke nimitta se anya artha kA jJAna honA zrutajJAna hai| vidyAnaMda (navama zatI) ke kathanAnusAra jisa padArtha ko pahale cakSurAdi indriyoM tathA mana kA avalambana lekara jAna liyA gayA hai, usa padArtha kA avalambana lekara usase sajAtIya vijAtIya anya padArtha ko mAtra mana dvArA parAmarza svabhAvatayA ( vicAra pUrvaka) jAnane vAlA jJAna zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai| 2 - nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI (ekAdaza zatI) ke kathanAnusAra matijJAna ke dvArA nizcita artha kA avalambana lekara usase sambaddha anya artha ko jAnane vAle jIva ke jJAna ko, jo zrutajJAnAvaraNa aura vIryAntarAya ke kSayopazama se utpanna hotA hai, use zrutajJAna kahate haiM usako zabda kahate haiM, usase utpanna arthajJAna ko hI pradhAna huA, athavA zruta aisA rUDhi zabda hai| abhayacandrasiddhAnta cakravartI ke anusAra kA jJAna zrutajJAna hai| athavA jo sunA jAtA hai, zrutajJAna kahate haiN| isa artha meM akSarAtmaka zrutajJAna paMcasaMgraha meM bhI yahI paribhASA milatI hai 4 matijJAna dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye artha se bhinna artha svAmI kArtikeya ke anusAra jo jJAna saba vastuoM ko anekAMta, parokSa rUpa se prakAzita karatA (kahatA) hai aura jo saMzaya, viparyaya, anadhyavasAya se rahita hai usako zrutajJAna kahate haiN| 6 25. tattvArthavRtti sUtra 1.20, pR. 42 27. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 2.21 - -- 26. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1.20.1 28. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 9.43 29. prasRtaM bahudhAnekairaMgapUrvaiH prakIrNakaiH / syAdvAdanyAyasaMkIrNa zrutajJAnamanekadhA / jJAnArNava, pra. 7 gAthA 5, pR. 160 30. SaTkhaNDAgama pustaka 1 pR. 93 evaM SaTkhaNDAgama pustaka 6 pR. 21 31. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA) pu. 13 pR. 245 32. zrutasya sAkSAt zvamanimitatvAsiddheH tasyAnindriyavatvAddaSTArtha, sajAtIyavijAtIyanAnArtha parAmarzanasvabhAvatayA prasiddhatvAt / tattvArthazlokavArttika, 1.9.32, pR. 165 34. paMcasaMgraha, gAthA 122, pR. 26 33. gommaTasAra (jIvakAMDa), bhAga 2, gAthA 315 pR. 523-524 35. matijJAnagRhItArthAdanyasyArthasvajJAnaM zrutajJAnaM karmaprakRti, pU. 5 36. savyaM pi aNeyaMta parokkharUveNa jaM pasAditaM suvaNANaM bhaNAdi saMsayapadIhi paricattaM kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gA0262, pR.116

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[218] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jayasenAcArya ke anusAra - jisa AtmA ne matijJAna se padArtha jAnA thA, vaha zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazama hone para jaba mUrta aura amUrta padArtha ko jAnatA hai, to vaha zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai|' zrutajJAna kA anya jJAnoM se vaiziSTya cAra jJAna (zrutajJAna ko chor3akara) vastu tattva ke pratipAdana meM sakSama nahIM hone ke kAraNa sthApanIya hai| isalie inake uddeza (adhyayana kA nirdeza), samuddeza (sthirIkaraNa kA nirdeza) aura anujJA (adhyApana kA nirdeza) nahIM hote isalie ina cAra jJAnoM ko svArtha kahA gayA hai| jabaki zrutajJAna ke uddeza, samaddeza, anujJA aura anuyoga hote hai, isalie zrutajJAna ko parArtha kahate hai| zrutajJAna ke alAvA zeSa mati Adi cAra jJAna zabdAtIta hai| ataH ve apane svarUpa kA vizleSaNa karane meM samartha nahIM hai| isa asamarthatA ke kAraNa hI mati Adi cAra jJAna sthApya hai| naMdIcUrNikAra aura naMdITIkAkAra ke anusAra sthApya kA artha hai, asaMvyavahArya hai| jisakA dUsaroM ke lie upayoga ho sake vaha vyavahArya hotA hai| eka vyakti ke matijJAnAdi dUsare vyakti ke lie upayogI nahIM ho sakate haiM, isalie ye cAra jJAna asaMvyavahArya hai| matijJAna, avadhijJAna aura manaHparyavajJAna ye tIna jJAna jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama tathA kevalajJAna jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSaya se hotA hai| zrutajJAna zrutajJAnavaraNa ke kSayopazama se hotA hai sAtha hI yaha bhI Avazyaka hai ki vaha matipUrvaka tathA paropadeza se hotA hai| ataH sAmanyataH parAdhIna (guru Adi ke adhIna) hone para bhI vaha vastu ke svarUpa kA bodha karAne meM samartha hai| jinabhadragaNi kA kahanA hai ki dIpaka apanI utpatti meM parAdhIna hote hue bhI vaha sva aura para ke svarUpa ko prakAzita karatA hai| isI prakAra zrutajJAna bhI sva aura para ke svarUpa kA prakAzana aura vizleSaNa karane meM samartha hai| para-prabodhaka hone se hI vaha zikSA athavA vyAkhyA ke lie adhikRta hai| zrutajJAna guru se prApta hotA hai, isalie vaha prAyaH parAdhIna hai| yahA~ prAyaH zabda kA prayoga sUcita karatA hai ki pratyekabuddha Adi kA zrutajJAna svAyatta hotA hai, parAyatta nhiiN| zrutajJAna evaM kevalajJAna kI tulanA 1. kevalajJAna ke viSayabhUta ananta artha ko zrutajJAna parokSa rUpa se grahaNa kara letA hai| 2. kevalajJAna kI bhAMti zrutajJAna bhI naya ke dvArA trikAlika padArthoM ko grahaNa kara letA hai| 3 bAraha aMga (dvAdazAMga) caudahapUrva rUpa jJAna ko paramAgama kahate haiM aura yaha dravya zruta hai| isa zrutajJAna se mUrta aura amUrta donoM prakAra ke dravyoM ko jAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha jJAna vyApti jJAna kI apekSA se parokSa hai, to bhI kevalajJAna ke sadRza hai| kahA bhI hai ki jJAna kI apekSA zrutajJAna aura kevalajJAna donoM hI samAna hote haiM, to bhI zrutajJAna parokSa hai, tathA kevalajJAna pratyakSa hai| 4. syAdvAda aura kevalajJAna donoM sarva tattvoM kA prakAzana karane vAle haiN| kevalajJAna aura zrutajJAna ina donoM meM mAtra parokSa va pratyakSa rUpa se jAnane mAtra kA bheda hai| AtmA ke lie zrutajJAna kA mahatva 1. AvazyakacUrNi ke anusAra zrutajJAna se mati Adi cAroM jJAna jAne jAte haiM tathA unakI prarUpaNA hotI hai| cAra jJAna svasamuttha tathA zrutajJAna parasamuttha hai|" 37. paMcAstikAya, tAtparya vRtti, pR. 143 38. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 839, maladhArI hemacandra, bRhad vRtti pR. 341 39. paMcAstikAya, tAtparya vRtti gAdhA 99 pR. 261-262 40. AptamImAMsA pariccheda 10, gAthA 105, gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa gAthA 369 41. Avazyaka cUrNi bhAga 1, pR. 77

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [219] 2. Atma siddhi ke lie mati ke sAtha zrutajJAna nizcita kAraNa hai, kyoMki ina do jJAnoM ke binA jIva ko kevalajJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai| jabaki kevalajJAna ke pUrva avadhijJAna aura mana:paryavajJAna honA Avazyaka nahIM haiM, kisI jIva ko ho bhI sakate haiM aura nahIM bhI ho sakate haiM arthAt anta meM avadhijJAna aura manaHparyavajJAna ke binA jIva kevalajJAna prApta karake mokSa jA sakatA hai, kintu mati, zrutajJAna ke binA kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai aura kevalajJAna ke abhAva meM mokSa kA bhI abhAva hotA hai| 3. zrutajJAna samasta kriyAoM kA AdhAra hai, cAhe ve kriyAeM caraNa sanbandhI hoM athavA karaNa sabandhI ho| 4. zruta kI ArAdhanA se jIva ke ajJAna kA kSaya hotA hai aura rAga-dveSa Adi se utpanna hone vAle mAnasika saMklezoM se jIvoM bacatA hai| 5. sAmAyika Avazyaka se caudahaveM pUrva bindusAra paryanta zAstra zrutajJAna hai| zrutajJAna kA sAra cAritra hai| cAritra kA sAra nirvANa hai| zrutajJAna mAtra zabda rUpa nahIM prazna - zrutajJAna, zrotrendriya ke atirikta anya indriyoM se bhI saMbhava hai, taba zrutajJAna meM sunane kI aura zrotra indriya kI mukhyatA kyoM haiM? uttara - yadyapi zrutajJAna anya sabhI indriyoM se saMbhava hai, para sunanA aura zrotrendriya, ye donoM zrutajJAna kI utpatti meM pramukha kAraNa haiM / ataeva isako mukhyatA dI gaI hai| isa sambandha meM jinabhadragaNi ne zaMkA uThAte hue kahA hai ki zrutajJAna Atma pariNAma rUpa nahIM hai, kyoMki zruta ke lakSaNa ke anusAra jise AtmA sunatA hai, vaha zruta hai, jIva zabda ko hI sunatA hai, ataH zabda hI zruta rUpa huA, jo ki sahI nahIM hai, kyoMki zabda to paudgalika hone se mUrta hai aura AtmA to amUrta hai, mUrta vastu amUrta kA pariNAma nahIM hotI hai| lekina tIrthaMkaroM ne zrutajJAna ko Atma-pariNAma rUpa mAnA hai| samAdhAna - zruta aura zabda paraspara eka dUsare ke kAraNa hote haiM, isalie upacAra se zabda ko zrutarUpa kahA hai, jaiseki vaktA dvArA bolA gayA zabda zrotA ke zrutajJAna kA kAraNa hotA hai, vaktA kA zruta upayoga yukta zruta bolate samaya zabda kA kAraNa hotA hai, isa prakAra zrutajJAna ke kAraNabhUta yA kAryabhUta usa zabda ko upacAra se zruta kahA gayA hai| vAstava meM (paramArtha se) jIva hI zruta hai, kyoMki jJAna aura jJAnI meM abhinnatA hai| akalaMka isako spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki kucheka AcArya zravaNajanya jJAna ko zruta mAnate haiN| lekina yaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki zravaNa janya jJAna mati hai aura usake bAda meM huA jJAna zruta hai| jaise ki go zabda kI bahuta sI paryAyeM hotI haiN| zabda ko suna kara 'yaha go zabda hai' yaha matijJAna kA viSaya hai, usake bAda pIlI go ko kahane vAlA zabda, kAlI go ko kahane vAlA zabda ityAdi jo indriya aura mana ke dvArA gRhIta athavA agRhIta kI huI gozabda kI aneka paryAya haiM, unheM zrotra indriya kI sahAyatA ke binA zrutajJAna jAnatA hai evaM go zabda ke vAcya kA artha gAya hai, use bhI zrutajJAna jAnatA hai, isalie jaba zrotra indriya kI apekSA kiye binA bhI zrutajJAna nayAdi jJAnoM ke dvArA apane viSaya ko jAnatA hai, taba zravaNajanya jJAna hI zruta hotA hai, yaha kathana sahI nahIM hai| vidyAnaMda ke anusAra zabda kI anuyojanA se hI zruta hotA hai, isa prakAra niyama kiyA jAyegA taba to zrotra indriyajanya matijJAna svarUpa nimitta se hI zrutajJAna ho skegaa| cakSu Adi indriyoM se 42. uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 29.25 44. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 98-99 43. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 93 45. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.9.33, 2.21.1

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[220] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana zrutajJAna nahIM ho sakegA tathA isase siddhAnta se virodha utpanna hogaa| ata: sAMvyavahArika rUpa se zabda jJAna zruta hai| isa apekSA se niyama kiyA jAyegA, taba to iSTa siddhAnta se koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| kyoki cakSu Adi se utpanna hue matijJAna ko pUrvavartI kAraNa mAnakara utpanna hue bhI zrutoM ko paramArtha rUpa se akalaMka ne svIkAra kiyA hai| ataH sampUrNa matijJAna ko pUrvavartI kAraNa mAnane se zruta kA akSarajJAna ghaTita hotA hai| zruta jJAna ke bheda zrutajJAna kI utpatti meM matijJAna ko kAraNa mAnA hai| parantu matijJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama aneka prakAra kA hai, isI prakAra zrutajJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama bhI aneka prakAra kA hai| ataH sabhI prANiyoM ke apane-apane kSayopazama ke bheda se, bAhya nimitta ke bheda se, zrutajJAna kA prakarSApakarSa hotA hai, ata: kAraNa bheda se kArya ke bheda kA niyama svataH siddha hai, ata: matipUrvaka hone para bhI sabhI ke zrutajJAnoM meM vizeSatA banI rahatI hai|" zruta jJAna ke bhedoM para sabhI AcAryoM ne vicAra kiyA hai| AcAryoM dvArA vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se cintana kiyA gayA jisake phalasvarUpa bhedoM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM matabheda prApta hote haiN| ina matAntaroM ko cAra vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM, yathA - anuyogadvArasUtra, Avazyakaniyukti, SaTkhaNDAgama aura tttvaarthsuutr| 1. anuyogadvAra ke anusAra anuyogadvAra meM zruta ke cAra bheda prApta hote haiM - nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva / nAma Adi cAra nikSepa haiM, prAcInakAla meM nAmAdi cAra nikSepoM se vastu kA svarUpa samajhAyA jAtA thaa| jaise ki Avazyakaniyukti meM avadhi ko nAma sthApanA Adi se samajhAyA hai| ataH anuyogadvAra meM zruta ke uparyukta cAra bheda prApta hote haiN| anuyogadvAra sUtra meM dravyazruta aura bhAvazruta ke mukhya do bheda kie haiM - AgamataH aura noAgamataH / ye bheda Adi niyukti, SaTkhaNDAgama aura tatvArthasUtra meM prApta nahIM hote haiN| anuyogadvAra meM noAgama bhAvazruta ke do bheda haiM - 1. laukika zruta (mahAbhArata Adi) aura 2. lokottara zruta (AcArAMga aadi)| naMdIsUtra meM ina donoM bhedoM ko anukrama se mithyAzruta aura aMgapraviSTa ke rUpa meM ullekhita kiyA gayA hai| anuyogadvAra meM zrutazabda ke agrAMkita paryAyavAcI zabda prApta hote haiM - zruta, sUtra, graMtha, siddhAnta, zAsana, AjJA, vacana, upadeza, prajJApanA aura Agama ye sabhI zruta ke ekArthaka (paryAyavAcI) zabda haiN| 2. Avazyakaniyukti ke anusAra Avazyaka niyukti meM akSara kI dRSTi aura akSara, saMjJI Adi kI apekSA se do prakAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai - 1. akSaroM ke saMyoga asaMkhyAta hone se tathA abhidheya anaMta hone se zrutajJAna ke ananta prakAra haiM arthAt loka meM jitane akSara haiM aura unake jitane vividha saMyoga haiM, utane hI zrutajJAna ke bheda haiM arthAt itanI hI zrutajJAna kI prakRtiyA~ haiN| saba prakRtiyoM ko kathana karane kI merI zakti nahIM hai| 46. tattvArthazlokavArtika 3.1.20 47. matipUrvakatvAvizeSAcchrutAvizeSa iti cenna, kaarnnbhedaattdbhedsiddheH|-raajvaartik 1.20.9, SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 9, 4.1.45 pR. 161 48. anuyogadvAra sUtra, pR. 29-38 49. Avazyakaniyukti 28, vizeSAvazyakabhASya 578 50. anuyogadvAra sUtra, pR. 36-38, naMdIsUtra pR. 155 51. anuyogadvAra sUtra, pR. 38-39 52. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 17-18

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [221] jinabhadragaNi ne kahA hai ki saMyukta aura asaMyukta varNoM ke ananta saMyoga hote haiM aura pratyeka saMyoga ke sva aura para paryAya ananta hote haiM / zrutagraMthoM kA anusaraNa karane vAle jitane vacana haiM, ve saba zrutajJAna haiN| ve zrutAnusArI mativizeSa ke hI bheda haiM aura ve ananta haiN| 3 2. Avazyakaniryukti meM zrutajJAna ke akSarazruta Adi caudaha bhedoM kA ullekha hai, yathA 1. akSarazruta 2. anakSarazruta 3. saMjJIzruta 4. asaMjJIzruta 5. samyak zruta 6 mithyAzruta 7. sAdizruta 8. anAdizruta 9. saparyavasitazruta 10. aparyavasitazruta 11. gamikazruta 12. agamikazruta 13. aMgapraviSTazruta 14. aNgbaahyshrut| naMdIcUrNi jinadAsagaNi kahate hai ki zrutajJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama kI apekSA zrutajJAna eka prakAra kA hI hai| akSara Adi bhAvoM kI apekSA vaha caudaha prakAra kA hai| 5 bAda vAle haribhadrAdi AcAryoM ne bhI caudaha bhedoM kA hI ullekha kiyA hai|" niryukti meM anakSara zruta ke hI udAharaNa milate haiM, jabaki bAkI ke bhedoM ke nAmollekha mAtra haiM / anakSara ke sivAya zrutabhedoM kA vicAra naMdIsUtra, vizeSAvazyakabhASya Adi meM kiyA gayA hai| 3. SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra SaTkhaNDAgama meM zrutajJAnAvaraNa kI saMkhyAta prakRtiyA~ haiM arthAt jitane akSara haiM aura jitane akSara ke saMyoga haiM, utanI zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karma kI prakRtiyA~ (bheda) haiN| 7 dhavalATIkAkAra ne akSaroM kI saMkhyA kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| mukhya rUpa se zrutajJAna ke bIsa bheda kiye haiN| paryAya, paryAyasamAsa, akSara, akSarasamAsa, pada, padasamAsa, saMghAta, saMghAtasamAsa, pratipatti, pratipattisamAsa, anuyogadvAra, anuyogadvArasamAsa, prAbhRtaprAbhRta, prAbhRtaprAbhRtasamAsa, prAbhRta, prAbhRtasamAsa, vastu, vastusamAsa, pUrva aura pUrvasamAsa / yahA~ zaMkA hotI hai ki pUrva meM to zrutajJAna ke saMkhyAta bheda batAye aura punaH zruta jJAna ke bhedoM kI nizcita saMkhyA bIsa batA dI, isa bhinnatA kA kyA kAraNa hai| isake samAdhAna meM dhavalATIkAkAra kahate haiM ki zrutajJAna kI jo saMkhyAta prakRtiyA~ batAI haiM, vaha akSaranimittaka bhedoM kI apekSA se hai, jabaki ye bIsa bheda kSayopazama kI apekSA se AvaraNa ke bheda haiN| SaTkhaMDAgama meM zruta ke 41 paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA ullekha hai, yathA prAvacana, prAvacanIya, pravacanArtha, gatiyoM meM mArgaNatA, AtmA, paramparA labdhi, anuttara, pravacana, pravacanI, pravacanAddhA, pravacanasaMnikarSa, nayavidhi, nayAntaravidhi, bhaMgavidhi, bhaMgavidhivizeSa, pRcchAvidhi, pRcchAvidhivizeSa, tattva, bhUta, bhavya, bhaviSyat, avitatha, avihata, veda, nyAyya, zuddha, samyagdRSTi, hetuvAda, nayavAda, pravaravAda, mArgavAda, zrutavAda, paravAda, laukikavAda, lokottarIyavAda, agraya, mArga, yathAnumArga, pUrva, yathAnupUrva aura pUrvAtipUrva / saMbhavatayA SaTkhaMDAgama kAla meM zruta ke lie uparyukta zabdoM kA prayoga hotA ho, kyoMki ye zabda zruta kI vizeSatA ke sUcaka hai| jinakI spaSTatA dhavalATIkAkara ne kI hai| tulanA - Avazyakaniryukti aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM zrutajJAna ke bhedoM kA vicAra do apekSAoM se huA hai - 1. akSara kI apekSA se - akSara kI apekSA se donoM paramparAoM meM prApta vicAraNA meM bheda hai, niryuktikAra akSara kI apekSA asaMkhyAta bheda mAnate haiM, jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama meM saMkhyAta bheda mAne gaye haiM / 1 53. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 444-448, 451 54. Avazyakaniryukti gAthA 18-19, vizeSAvazyakabhASya 449, naMdIsUtra pR. 146 55. sutAvaraNakhayovasamattaNato egavihaM pi taM akkharAdibhAve paDucca jAva aMgabAhiraM ti coddasavidhaM bhaNNati / - nandIcUrNi pR. 70-71 56. hAribhadrIya naMdIvRtti, pR. 71, malayagiri pR. 187, jainatarkabhASA pR. 22 57. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13 sU. 5.5.44-45, pR. 247 - 58. SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13 pR. 249-260 60. SaTkhaMDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.50 pR. 280 59. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13 sU. 5.5.47, pR. 260 61. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 17, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 444, SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.45, pR. 247

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[22] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 2. akSarabhinna kI apekSA se - Avazyakaniyukti meM akSara, saMjJI Adi caudaha bhedoM kA varNana hai, jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama meM pramANa kI apekSA paryAya Adi bIsa bhedoM kA ullekha milatA hai| zvetAmbarAcArya devendrasUri ne donoM paramparAoM kA samanvaya karate hue karmagraMtha meM Avazyaka niyukti ke AdhAra para caudaha aura SaTkhaNDAgama ke AdhAra para bIsa bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| 4. tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra tattvArthasUtra kI paraMparA meM Avazyakaniyukti ke akSarazrutAdi caudaha bhedoM meM se aMtima do bhedoM aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya kA ullekha hai| aMgabAhya ke aneka bheda (kAlika-utkAlika kI apekSA se) aura aMgapraviSTa ke bAraha (AcArAMga Adi) bhedoM kA varNana hai|4 tattvArthasUtra meM zrutajJAna ke mAtra do bhedoM ke ullekha kA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki sUtrakAra ne saMkSipta zailI kI prayoga kiyA athavA AgamoM kA mahattva pratipAdana karane ke lie akSarazruta Adi bhedoM kI upekSA karake do hI bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA ho| lekina akalaMka ne akSara-anakSara kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| ___ naMdIkAra aura jinadAsagaNi, haribhadra, malayagiri Adi naMdI ke TIkAkara tathA yazovijayajI ne niyuktigata caudaha bhedoM, vIrasecAnAcArya ne SaTkhaNDAgamagata bhedoM evaM pUjyapAda, akalaMka, vidyAnaMda Adi AcAryoM ne tattvArthagata bhedoM kA samarthana kiyA hai| isa prakAra eka ora to zruta ke bhedoM kI carcA bhinna-bhinna prakAra se huI hai, jabaki dUsarI ora siddhasena divAkara Adi AcAryoM ne mati aura zruta ko abhinna svIkAra kiyA hai| samIkSA - uparyukta varNana meM Avazyaka niyukti ke bheda adhika ucita pratIta hote haiM, kyoMki anuyogadvAra meM jo zruta ke bheda kahe gaye haiM, ve to eka prAcIna kAlIna nikSepa paddhati hai, ataH ve zruta ke vAstavika bheda nahIM ho sakate haiN| SaTkhaNDAgamagata bIsa bheda vistAra pUrvaka haiN| jinakA saMkSiptikaraNa niyukti ke bhedoM meM ho sakatA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM jo do bheda kiye haiM, vaha atisaMkSipta hai, unako kuzAgrabuddhi (vyutpannamati) vAle ziSya hI samajha sakate haiN| sAmAnyabuddhi (avyutpannamati) vAle ziSya nahIM samajha sakate haiN| ataH Avazyakaniyukti ke akSarAdi caudaha bheda hI adhika tarkasaMgata aura ucita pratIta hote haiN| jibhadragaNi ne bhI vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM bhI inhIM caudaha bhedoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai, jo ki nimna prakAra se haiN| 1. akSara zruta akSara zabda 'kSara saMcalane' dhAtu se banA hai| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke anusAra anupayoga kAla meM bhI jisakA kSaraNa (nAza) nahIM hotA hai, vaha akSara hai| akSara kA sAmAnya artha jJAna (cetanA) hai| akSara naigamAdi azuddha naya se jIva ke jJAna pariNAma rUpa hai aura RjusUtrAdi zuddha naya se jJAna kSara (calanA) hai, isalie vaha akSara nahIM hai, kyoMki upayoga avasthA meM hI jJAna hotA hai| anupayoga avasthA meM jJAna nahIM hotA hai| isako bRhadavRtti meM maladhArI hemacandra spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki yadi anupayogAvasthA meM jJAna svIkAra kareMge to ghaTAdi meM bhI jJAna mAnanA pdd'egaa| RjusUtrAdi zuddhanaya kI dRSTi meM miTTI Adi sabhI paryAya aura ghaTAdi sabhI padArtha utpAda aura vyaya svabhAva vAle haiM, ataH kSara 62. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 18, vizeSAvazyakabhASya 449, SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13 sU. 5.5.47, pR. 260 63. karmagrantha bhAga 1, gAthA 6-7 64. tattvArthasUtra 1.20, tattvArthabhASya 1.20 65. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.20.15 66. jJAnabinduprakaraNam, pR. 16-17 67. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 455

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [223] haiM jJAna bhI utpAda - nAza zIla hone se kSara (calita) hai, lekina naigamAdi azuddha naya ke mata se sabhI bhAva avasthita hone se jJAna bhI avasthita arthAt akSara (acalita ) hai abhilApa ( kahane yogya) vijJAna kI apekSA se yaha akSaratA-anakSaratA pratipAdita hai / " jinadAsagaNi, haribhadra aura malayagiri kA bhI aisA hI mAnanA hai| 9 ghaTa vyoma Adi abhilApya padArtha dravyAstika naya kI apekSA se nitya hai, ataH akSara haiM aura paryAyAstika naya kI apekSA se anitya hone se kSara (calita) haiN|" isakA samarthana arvAcIna vidvAna kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA ne bhI kiyA hai| unake anusAra vartamAna meM akSara kA artha lipi meM Aye varNamAlA ke akSara hai, kyoMki isa akSara ke TukaDe hone para yaha arthahIna, vyartha ho jAtA hai| jaisA ki hama TeparikorDara meM dekhate haiM jo nigoda kA jIva akSara sunatA hI nahIM haiM, to usameM akSara jJAna kaise ho sakatA hai? nahIM ho sktaa| isase spaSTa hai ki Agama meM akSara zabda kA prayoga huA hai, vaha amaratva, dhruvatva artha ke rUpa meM hI huA hai / " 1 jinadAsagaNa ne naMdIcUrNi meM akSara kI paribhASA batAte hue kahA hai ki jisakA kabhI bhI kSaraNa nahIM hotA, vaha akSara hai| jJAna anupayoga avasthA meM (viSaya ke prati ekAgratA nahIM hone para) bhI naSTa nahIM hotA hai, vaha akSara hai| 72 maladhArI hemacandra ke anusAra - alaga-alaga varNoM ke saMyoga se jo ananta artha pratipAdana karate haiM, lekina svayaM kSINa nahIM hote haiM, ve akSara kahalAte haiN| AcArya nemIcandra kahate haiM ki vAcaka zabda se vAcyArtha kA grahaNa akSarAtmaka zruta hai, aura zItAdi sparza meM iSTAniSTa kA honA anakSarAtmaka zruta hai / zrutajJAna ke akSara-anakSara bheda kyoM? prazna jo calita nahIM hotA hai, vaha akSara kahalAtA hai, isa apekSA se matijJAnAdi pAMcoM jJAna azuddha naya se akSara haiM, kyoMki pAMcoM jJAna apane svarUpa se calita nahIM hote haiM aura naMdIsUtra ke anusAra bhI " savvajIvANaM pi ya NaM akkharassa anaMtabhAgo, nniccugghaaddio|" arthAt sabhI jIvoM ke akSara kA anantavA~ bhAga nitya khulA rahatA hai| yahA~ bhI sAmAnya rUpa se akSara zabda se jJAna kA hI grahaNa kiyA gayA hai, zrutajJAna kA nhiiN| isa prakAra azuddhanaya se to jJAna hI akSara hai, phira zrutajJAna ke akSara-anakSara bheda kyoM kiye haiM? uttara jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki naigamAdi azuddhanava se bhI jJAna aura sabhI bhAva akSara (nitya) haiM, ataH sampUrNa jJAna sAmAnya rUpa se akSara haiM, phira bhI yahAM zrutajJAna kA prasaMga hone se zrutajJAna ko hI akSara kahA hai arthAt rUDhi (paramparA) ke anusAra varNa ko akSara kahate haiM, zeSa jJAna ko nahIM / bRhadvRtti meM maladhArI hemacandra ne dRSTAMta ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA hai ki jisa prakAra 'gacchatIti gauH' jo gamana kare vaha gAya hai, 'paMke jAtaM paMkajaM' kIcar3a meM jo utpanna hotA hai, vaha paMkaja hai| isa prakAra sAmAnya artha kA pratipAdana karate hue zabda bhI rUr3hi ke vaza vizeSa artha ko prakaTa karate haiN| usI prakAra akSara zabda se varNa kA hI kathana hotA hai aura varNa zrutarUpa hai / usI ko - 68. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 456 kI bRhadavRtti, pR. 215 69. naMdIcUrNi pR. 71, hAribhadrIya naMdIvRtti, pR. 71, malayagiri naMdIvRtti, pR. 187 70. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 457 71. bandha tattva, pR. 11 72. naMdIcUrNa, pU. 71 73. anyAnyavarNasaMyoge'nantAnarthAn pratipAdayati, na ca svayaM kSIyate yena, tenA'kSaramiti / - vi0bhASya gAthA 461 kI bRhadvRtti, pR. 216 74. gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa gAthA 316

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM vRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana akSara-anakSara rUpa kahA jAtA hai| anyathA azuddha naya ke mata se sabhI vastueM svabhAva se calita nahIM hotI haiN| isalie ve akSara rUpa haiN| jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ke anusAra akSara kA sarvadravya paryAya pariNAma vAlA hone se akSara kA vizeSa artha kevalajJAna hotA hai| jisakA rUr3ha artha zrutajJAna hotA hai| kyoMki rUr3hivaza akSara kA artha varNa hai|" haribhadra aura malayagiri ne isakA samarthana kiyA hai|" varNa kA svarUpa [224] varNa zabda 'varNa' dhAtu se banA hai| usakI vyutpatti do prakAra se hotI hai - 1. vaNNijjaDa jeNattho cittaM viNNeNa vA (varNyate prakAzyateH arthaH anena )' arthAt jaise kAlA, nIlA, lAla, pIlA raMga (varNa) ke citra kA dIvAra Adi para prakAzana hotA hai, vaise hI akArAdi varNa se ghaTa-paTa Adi abhidheya artha kA prakAzana hotA hai 2. 'vaNNijjai dAijjai bhaNNai teNakkharaM vaNNo (varNyate darzyate'bhilapyate'sau iti varNa)' arthAt jo dravya kA varNana karatA hai, jo dikhatA aura bolatA hai, vaha varNa akSara kahalAtA hai| jisa prakAra sapheda Adi guNa (varNa) se gAya Adi dravya jaise dikhAI dete haiM, vaise hI akArAdi varNoM se usa dravya kA nirdeza hotA hai, usase bhI use varNa kahate haiM varNa ke bheda varNa do prakAra ke hote haiM svara aura vyaMjana | 1. svara jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ke anusAra 'akkharasaraNeNa sarA ( akSarasvaraNena svarA)' arthAt jo akSara kA anusaraNa kare use svara kahate haiN| maladhArI hemacandra ke anusAra svara zabda 'svR zabdopatApayoH ' dhAtu se banA hai, akSaroM ke anusaraNa karaNa rUpa svaraNa se akArAdi svara kahalAte haiM athavA akSara, caitanya ke anusaraNa se akArAdi svara kahalAte haiM / jo svataMtra prakAra se viSNu Adi vastuoM kA jJAna karate haiM, vyaMjanoM ke sAtha saMyukta hokara unako uccAraNa ke yogya banAte haiM" aura zabda ke uccAraNa se aMtarvijJAna kI abhivyakti ko samartha banAte haiM, " ve akArAdi svara kahalAte haiN| svara ke binA vyaMjanoM ke uccAraNa artha kA pratipAdana nahIM karate haiM / athavA svara ke binA vyaMjana kA uccAraNa nahIM hotA hai, ataH vyaMjana ko uccAraNa yogya banAne vAle akAra Adi svara kahalAte haiM / 2. vyaMjana 79 vyaMjana zabda vi+aJj dhAtu se banA hai| jinabhadra ke anusAra 'vaMjaNamavi vaMjaNa asa (vyaMjanamapi vyaMjanenA'rthasya ) ' arthAt artha (padArtha) ko prakaTa karane vAle ko vyaMjana kahate haiM / jisa prakAra dIpaka se ghaTa Adi bAhya artha kI abhivyakti hotI hai, vaise hI jo zabda artha vastu ko pragaTa kare vaha vyaMjana kahalAtA hai| vyaMjana ke saMyoga ke binA svara svatantra rUpa se bAhya artha ko prAyaH prakaTa nahIM karate haiN| kyoMki vAkya meM se vyaMjanoM ko nikAla dene para zeSa rahe svara vivakSita artha kI abhivyakti nahIM karA sakate haiM malayagiri ne akSarazruta ke prasaMga meM svara aura vyaMjana kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| jo 'a' 'ka' Adi varNAtmaka zruta hai, use 'akSarazruta' kahate haiM / " 75. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 458-459 evaM bRhadvRtti 76. hAribhadrIya naMdIvRti pU. 74, malayagiri naMdIvRtti pR. 201 78. svayameva svaranti zabdayanti viSNupramukhaM vastu, vyaMjanAni caite saMyuktAH santaH svarayanti iti svarAH / 77. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 460 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 461 kI bRhadvRtti 79. zabdoccAraNamanteraNA'ntavijJAnasya boddhumazakyatvAt vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 460 kI bRhadvRtti 80. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 461-463 81. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra pR. 206

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [225] akSarazruta ke prakAra naMdIsUtra meM akSarazruta ke tIna bheda haiM - 1. saMjJAkSara (lipi) 2. vyaMjanAkSara (akSara-bhASA) tathA 3. labdhyakSara (lipi, bhASA aura vAcyapadArtha kA jnyaan)| jinabhadragaNi, haribhadra, malayagiri aura yazovijayajI ne naMdIsUtra ke samAna hI ullekha kiyA hai| jabaki jinadAsagaNi ne akSara zruta ke 1. jJAnAkSara, 2. abhilApAkSara 3. varNAkSara ye tIna bheda kiye haiN| malayagiri ne akSara zruta ke labdhyakSara aura varNAkSara ye do bheda karake saMjJAkSara aura vyaMjanAkSara kA samAveza varNAkSara meM kiyA hai| labdhyakSara bhAvazruta rUpa hai tathA saMjJAkSara aura vyaMjanAkSara dravyazruta rUpa hone se naMdIcUrNigata bheda bhI ucita hai| 1. saMjJA akSarazruta niyata akSara ke AkAra ko saMjJAkSara kahate haiN| akSaroM ke saMsthAna-AkRti ko arthAt lipi ko 'saMjJAkSara' kahate haiN|" saMjJA zabda ke aneka artha hote hue bhI yahA~ saMketa artha meM saMjJA zabda kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| akSara ke jisa saMsthAna (AkRti) meM jisa artha ke saMketa kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai, vaha akSara usI saMketa ke anusAra artha kA jJAna karatA hai arthAt paTTI, patra, pustaka, patthara, dhAtu Adi para likhita nirmita 'a' 'ka' Adi akSaroM kI AkRti ko 'saMjJAkSara' kahate haiM, kyoMki vaha AkRti 'a' 'ka' Adi ke jAnane meM nimittabhUta hai| loga bhI use 'a' 'ka' Adi rUpa meM hI vyavahAra meM lAte haiN| isalie akAra Adi akSaroM ko saMjJAkSara kahA gayA hai| haMsalipi Adi aThAraha prakAra kI lipiyoM se sambaddha akSaroM kA AkAra saMjJAkSara hai| jaise ardhacandrAkAra TakAra, ghaTAkAra ThakAra, vajrAkAra vakAra / malayagiri ne naMdIvRtti meM kahA hai ki - paTTikA Adi para saMsthApita akSara kI saMsthAnAkRti saMjJAkSara kahalAtI hai| vaha saMsthAna brAhmIlipi Adi se aneka prakAra kA hai| jaise nAgarI lipi meM madhya meM sphATita cUlhe ke samAna rekhA vAlA nnkaar| kutte kI Ter3hI pUMcha kI AkRti vAlA ddhkaar| saMjJA akSara arthAt lipiyoM ke prAcIna kAla meM aneka bheda the| jaise-1. brAhmI lipi, 2. yavana lipi, 3. aMka lipi, 4. gaNita lipi aadi| vartamAna meM bhI hindI, gujarAtI, paMjAbI, tamila Adi kaI bheda pAye jAte haiN| lipi ke aThAraha prakAra maladhArI hemacandra ne bRhadvRtti meM mukhya rUpa se lipi ke aThAraha bheda batAye haiM - 1. haMsalipi 2. bhUtalipi 3. yakSI 4. rAkSasI 5. ur3iyA 6. yavanAnI 7. turuSkI 8. kIrI 9. drAvir3I 10. saindhavI 11. mAlavinI 12. naTI 13. nAgarI 14. lATa 15. pArasI 16. animittI 17. cANakyI 18. muuldevii| ukta aThAraha prakAra kI lipi ke bheda se niyata akSarAkAra rUpa saMjJA akSara hai| vaise saMjJAkSara lipi ke aneka bheda hote haiN| jaise ki arddhacandrAkAra TakAra hotA hai, kisI lipi meM ghaTAkAra ThakAra hotA hai, isa 82. naMdIsUtra pR. 146 83. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 464, hAribhadrIya pR. 71, malayagiri pR. 187, jainatarkabhASA pR. 22 84. vattha akkharaM tivihaM-nANakkharaM, abhilAvakkharaM, vaNNakkharaM c| - naMdIcUrNi, pR. 71 85. malayagiri pR. 188 86. '...niyayaM snnnnkkhrmkkhraagaaro| (niyayaM sNjnyaakssrmkssraakaarH|)' - vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 464 87. saNNakkharaM akkharassa sNtthaannaagiii| - naMdIsUtra pR. 146 88. naMdIcUrNi, pR.71 89. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1 pR. 26 90. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 188

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[225] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana prakAra lipi ke aneka prakAra hote haiN| samavAyAMga, prajJApanA Adi meM ina aThAraha lipiyoM ke nAma kucha prakAra bheda se milate haiN| sabhI lipiyoM ke akSara ghunAkSaranyAya se saMjJAkSara hote haiN| 2. vyaJjana akSara zruta ___ jisa prakAra dIpaka ghaTa ko prakAzita karatA hai| usI prakAra jisase artha kI abhivyakti ho use vyaMjana kahate haiN| akAra se hakAra taka ke bhASyamANa zabda uccAraNakAla meM vyaMjanAkSara kahalAte haiM arthAt bolate samaya zabda vyaMjanAkSara hai, kyoMki vaha zabda ke artha ko prakaTa karane vAlA hai| arthAt zrotA ko artha kA jJAna ho sake, isa prakAra akSaroM ke spaSTa uccAraNa ko 'vyaMjana akSara' kahate haiN| jaise dIpaka se ghaTa, paTa Adi padArtha dRzya hote haiM, vaise hI bhASA se vaktA ke abhiprAya jJAta hote haiM, isalie bhASA ko 'vyaMjana akSara' kahate haiN| arddhamAgadhI, saMskRta Adi prAcIna kAla meM bhASA ke kaI bheda the| Aja bhI lokabhASA, sAhityabhASA Adi kaI bheda pAye jAte haiN| naMdIsUtra ke anusAra - akSaroM ke spaSTa uccAraNa ko arthAt bhASA ko 'vyaMjanAkSara' kahate haiN| jisase artha kI abhivyaMjanA ho, use vyaMjanAkSara kahate haiN| vyaMjAnAkSara abhidheya se bhinna bhI hai, abhinna bhI hai| 'modaka' zabda kahane se muMha nahIM bharatA, isa dRSTi se vAcya vAcaka se bhinna hai| modaka kahane se modaka kA hI saMpratyaya hotA hai, tadvyatirikta ghaTa Adi kA nahIM ata: vAcya vAcaka se abhinna bhI hai|' isa prakAra saMkSepa meM varNa ke do prakAra hote haiM - saMjJAkSara aura vyNjnaakssr| lipi ke rUpa meM AkAra saMjJAkSara hai aura usakA uccAraNa vyaMjanAkSara hai| citra se ghaTa Adi kA jJAna hotA hai, usase citra ko bhI saMjJAkSara mAnanA par3atA hai, kyoMki prAcIna kAla meM prayukta huI citra lipi isa kathana kA samarthana karatI hai| 3. labdhi akSarazruta jinabhadragaNi ne labdhyakSara ke do bheda kiye haiM - 1. indriya aura mana ke nimitta se zrutagraMtha ke anusAra jJAna aura 2. tdaavrnnkssyopshm| indriya aura mana ke nimitta se hone vAlA zrutagranthAnusArI vijJAna (zrutajJAna kA upayoga) aura zrutajJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama ye donoM labdhyakSara haiN|" jinadAsagaNi aura malayagiri ne prathama artha aura haribhadra aura yazovijayajI ne uparyukta donoM arthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ___naMdIsUtra ke anusAra - akSara labdhi vAle jIva ko labdhi, akSara utpanna hotA hai|" zabdArtha ko matijJAna se grahaNa kara yA smaraNa kara, zabda aura arthagata vAcya-vAcaka sambandha kI paryAlocanApUrvaka (zabda ullekha sahita) zabda va artha (padArtha) jAnanA arthAt bhAvazruta ko 'labdhi akSara' kahate haiN| 91. maladhArI hemacandra gAthA 464 kI bRhadvRtti, bhAga 1, pR. 217 92. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 465 93. vaMjaNakkharaM - akkharassa vNjnnaabhilaavo| - naMdIsUtra pR. 146 94. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 71 95. AvazyakacUNi 1 pR. 27 96. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 462-463, naMdIcUrNi 72, hAribhadrIya pR. 72, malayagiri pR. 188 jainatarkabhASA pR. 22 97. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 466 98. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 71, hAribhadrIya naMdIvRtti pR. 72, malayagiri naMdIvRtti pR. 188, jainatarkabhASA pR. 22 99. laddhiakkharaM akkharaladdhiyassa laddhiakkharaM smuppjji| - naMdIsUtra, pR. 146

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [227] dhavalA meM akSarazrata ke prakAra SaTkhaNDAgama meM 'akkharAvaraNIyaM, akkharasamAsAvaraNIyaM' kA varNana hai| akSaroM ke tIna prakAroM kA varNana dhavalATIkA meM prApta hotA hai, jo nimna prakAra se haiM - labdhi akSara, nirvRttyakSara aura saMsthAna akSara 1100 ___1. labdhi akSara - sUkSma nigoda labdhi aparyApta se zrutakevalI taka ke jIvoM ke jJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se hone vAlA jJAna labdhi akSara hai| jaghanya labdhyakSara sUkSma nigoda labdhyaparyApta aura utkRSTa labdhyakSara caudaha pUrvI (zrutakevalI) ke hotA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai| 102 2. nirvRttyakSara - jIvoM ke mukha se nikale hue zabda ko nirvRttyakSara kahate haiN| nirvRtti akSara do prakAra ke haiM -1. vyakta nirvRttyakSara aura 2. avyakta nirvRttykssr| vyakta nirvRttyakSara saMjJI paMcendriya paryApta jIvoM ke aura avyakta nirvRttyakSara dvIndriya se saMjJI paMcendriya paryApta jIvoM ke hotA hai| yaha vyaMjanAkSara ke samAna hai| 3. saMsthAna akSara - 'yaha vaha akSara hai' isa prakAra abheda rUpa se buddhi meM jo sthApanA hotI hai, yA jo likhA jAtA hai, use saMsthAna akSara kahate haiN| saMsthAnAkSara ko sthApanA akSara bhI kahate haiN| isake do bheda haiM 1. 'yaha vaha akSara hai' isa prakAra abheda rUpa se buddhi meM sthApanA hotI hai| isa bheda ko bhAva akSara rUpa mAna sakate haiN| 2. AkRtivizeSa, arthAt jo likhane meM Ate haiN| AkRti vizeSa saMsthAna akSara jo ki vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM varNita saMjJAkSara ke samAna hai| yahA~ zrutajJAna ke prasaMga meM dhavalATIkAra ke anusAra kevala labdhyakSara hI jJAnAkSara hai|103 isakI nyUnatama mAtra sUkSma nigoda labdhi aparyAptaka meM milatI hai| isakA utkarSa caturdaza pUrvadhara meM milatA hai| ghavalA TIkA meM uparyukta nirvRttyakSara aura saMsthAna akSara ke prabhedoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| lekina zvetAmbara paramparA meM inake prabhedoM kA spaSTa ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai| dravyazruta-bhAvazruta saMjJA akSara aura vyaMjana akSara arthAt likhI huI lipiyA~ aura uccarita bhASAe~-'dravya zruta' haiM, kyoMki ye jJAna rUpa nahIM haiM, parantu jJAna ke lie kAraNabhUta haiM tathA labdhi akSara-'bhAvazruta' hai, kyoMki vaha svayaM jJAna rUpa hai, kSayopazamarUpa hai|104 saMjJAkSara, vyaMjanAkSara ye donoM labdhyakSara se utpanna hote haiN| dravyazruta aura bhAvazruta ke svarUpa kA varNana matijJAna ke prasaMga para vistAra pUrvaka kara diyA gayA hai|105 pramAtA ko labdhyakSara kI prApti kisI ko indriya aura mana ke nimitta se vyavahAra pratyakSa hotA hai| kisI ko dhUmAdi liMga se hotA hai| jaise dhUmAdi liMga dekhakara jo agni Adi kA jJAna hotA hai, usako liMga anumAna smjhnaa| prazna - liMga grahaNa aura pUrva sambandha ke smaraNa ke bAda liMga kA jJAna anumAna kahalAtA hai aura Apane liMga ko hI anumAna kaha diyA hai, kyoM? uttara - yaha zaMkA ucita hai, lekina yahA~ kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karake kathana kiyA hai| jisa prakAra pratyakSa jJAna ke janaka ghaTa ko bhI pratyakSa kahate haiM, vaise hI liMga anumAna jJAna kA kAraNa hone se liMga ko hI anumAna mAna liyA hai| labdhyakSara hI 100, SaTkhaNDAgama, pustaka 13, sU. 5.5.42 pR. 261-262 102. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 500 104. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 467-468 101. SaTkhaMDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.48, pR. 265 103. SaTkhaM DAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.48, pR. 263-264 105. draSTavya - tRtIya adhyAya (matijJAna), pR. 134

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[228] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana zrutajJAna hai aura vaha indriya aura mana ke nimitta se vyavahAra pratyakSa hai, AtmapratyakSa nahIM hai| vaha dUsare ke sAdRzya hone se anumAna hai|106 isa prasaMga para jinabhadragaNi ne anumAna ke pAMca prakAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai - sAdRzya, visadRzya, ubhayAtmaka, upamA aura aagm| ___ 1. sAdRzya anumAna - pratyakSa padArtha meM bhI sAdRzya kI apekSA smRtijJAna utpanna hotA hai| eka sthAna para vyakti ko dekhA, punaH dUsare sthAna para usakA hamazakla dekhane para pahale vAle vyakti kI smRti honA sAdRzya anumAna hai| 2. visadRzya anumAna - vipakSa se bhI smRti jJAna hotA hai| jaise nakula (noliyA) ko dekhakara usake vipakSa bhUta sarpa kI smRti honA visadRzya anumAna hai| 3. ubhaya anumAna - eka padArtha Adi ko dekhakara usase do athavA adhika padArthoM kI smRti honA ubhaya anumAna hai| jaise khaccara ko dekhakara gadhe aura ghor3e kI smRti honA ubhaya anumAna hai| 4. upamA anumAna - upameya ko dekhakara upamAna kI smRti honA upamA anumAna hai| jaise gavaya (nIlagAya) ko dekhakara gAya kI smRti honA upamA anumAna hai| 5. Agama anumAna - Agama vAkyoM se svargAdi kA jJAna honA Agama anumAna hai| anumAna ke uparyukta pAMca bheda anumAna se bhinna nahIM haiM, kyoMki anya sambandha se vivakSita artha kA jJAna hotA hai| lekina kiMcit bheda se anumAna ke pAMca hI nahIM aura adhika bheda ho jAte haiN| 107 indriya jJAna anumAna hai pratyakSa rahe hue ghaTAdi ko sAkSAt dekhakara jo jJAna hotA hai, dhue~ se jisa prakAra agni kA jJAna hotA hai, usI prakAra indriya aura mana se hone vAlA jJAna bhI anumAna jJAna hI hai| kyoMki indriya aura mana se hone vAlA vaha jJAna AtmA kI apekSA se parokSa hI hai| ata: yaha jJAna anumAna se bhinna nahIM hai| lekina indriya aura mana ke nimitta se sAkSAt artha ko dekha kara jo jJAna hotA hai, usa jJAna ko to loka meM pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai, phira Apane use anumAna kaise kahA hai? samAdhAna - indriya aura mana ke nimitta se utpanna hone se usameM dhUmAdi anya liMga kI apekSA nahIM hotI hai| isalie usa jJAna ko upacAra se pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai| paramArtha se to vaha anumAna hI hai|108 akSarazruta ke adhikArI jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ne saMjJI jIva ke alAvA ekendriya jIvoM ko bhI labdhyakSara kA svAmI svIkAra kiyA hai| jisa prakAra asaMjJI ke AhArAdi saMjJA, caitanya (jIvapanA) svAbhAvika hI pratIta hotA hai, usI prakAra ekendriya meM bhI labdhyakSarAtmaka bodhajJAna hai, parantu vaha jJAna alpa hone se prakaTa nahIM hotA hai| jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra jaise pRthvI Adi ekendriya jIvoM meM paudgalika indriyoM kA abhAva hone para bhI bhAvendriyA~ hotI haiM, usI prakAra unameM zabdAtmaka jJAna nahIM hone para bhI bhAvazruta hotA hai| lekina bhAva zruta zabda aura artha kI paryAlocanA se utpanna hotA hai| zabda aura artha kI paryAlocanA binA akSara ke saMbhava nahIM hotI hai| akSaralAbha paropadezajanya hai, ata: yaha ekendriyoM meM kaise hogA? samAdhAna - paropadeza saMjJAkSara aura vyaMjanAkSara meM Avazyaka hai, labdhyakSara meM nahIM, kyoMki labdhyakSara kSayopazama aura indriya nimitta se hotA hai, ataH asaMjJI meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| ataH 106. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 469 107. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 470 108. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 471 109. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 103

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [229] jJAnAvaraNa ke kiMcit kSayopazama ke kAraNa ekendriya jIvoM ko alpatama avyakta akSara lAbha hotA hai| jisa prakAra maMdabuddhi vAle vyakti, bAlaka, gopAla, gAya Adi ko akSaroM kA jJAna nahIM hotA hai, to bhI unake labdhyakSara haiM, jaise gAya Adi ke zabalA, bahulA Adi nAma rakhe jAte haiM aura jaba ve ina nAmoM ko sunate haiM, to unakI pravRtti aura nivRtti hotI hai| isa prakAra gAyAdi kA jJAna paropadeza nahIM, vaha svayaM kA hI labdhyakSara hai| isI prakAra asaMjJI meM bhI labdhyakSara pAyA jAtA hai| yazovijayajI ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai| prasaMgAnusAra ekendriya meM zrutajJAna kaise hotA hai, isakA ullekha jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra nimna prakAra se hai| ekendriya meM zruta matijJAna ke varNana meM vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI gAthA meM zrutajJAna kA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai ki "iMdiya maNonimittaM jaM, viNNANaM suyaannusaarennN| niyayatthuttisamatthaM, taM bhAvasuyaM maI iyraa||112 arthAt zruta kA anusaraNa kara indriya aura mana se utpanna hone vAle jJAna jisameM apane nihita artha ko kahane kA sAmarthya hotA hai, vaha bhAvazruta hai arthAt zabdollekha sahita jJAna hI zrutajJAna hai, isake alAvA indriya aura mana se hone vAlA zeSa jJAna mati rUpa hI hotA hai| isa lakSaNa se ekendriya meM zruta jJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai, aisI zaMkA kI gaI hai, jisakA yuktiyukta samAdhAna jinabhadragaNi nimna prakAra se diyA hai ki ekendriya meM bhale hI dravyazruta (zabda) na ho, kintu bhAvazruta to usI prakAra hotA hai, jisa prakAra soye hue yati (muni) meM hotA hai, kevalI bhagavAn ne soye hue muni ke zabda kA abhAva hone para bhI zrutajJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama hone se bhAvazruta kA sadbhAva mAnA hai, vaise hI ekendriya meM bhI mAnanA caahie| soyA huA sAdhu na to kisI bhI prakAra kA zabda sunatA hai aura use tadviSayaka kisI bhI prakAra kA vikalpa bhI nahIM hotA hai, phira bhI usameM zruta kA abhAva nahIM mAna sakate haiM, kyoMki nidrA se jAgRta hone ke bAda usakI bhAvazruta meM pravRtti hotI hai, isa AdhAra se vyavahAra meM aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki nidrAvasthA meM usake bhAvazruta thA, isI prakAra ekendriyoM meM dravyazruta kA abhAva hote hue AvaraNa kA kSayopazama hone se unameM bhAvazruta kA sadbhAva hotA hai, yathA latA, vRkSAdi meM AhAra-bhayAdi saMjJAoM ke cihna pratyakSa dekhe jAte haiN|13| zaMkA - bhASAlabdhi (bolane kI zakti) aura zrotralabdhi (sunane kI zakti) vAle ke hI bhAvazruta ho sakatA hai, anya ke nhiiN| isa apekSA se soe hue sAdhu meM to bhASAlabdhi aura zrotralabdhi hotI hai kyoMki nIMda se jAgrata hone ke bAda usakI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai, lekina yaha ekendriya meM ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA hai, isalie unameM bhAvazruta nahIM ho sakatA hai| 14 samAdhAna - kevalI bhagavAn ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI saMsArI jIvoM meM dravyendriyoM kA abhAva hote hue bhI tAratamya bhAva se (kama-jyAdA) bhAvendriyA~ pAI jAtI haiM, usI prakAra dravyazruta kA abhAva hote hue bhI pRthvIkAya Adi jIvoM meM bhAvazruta hotA hai| jaise ekendriya jIvoM meM pAMca dravyendriyoM meM se mAtra eka dravyendriya (sparzanendriya) pAI jAtI hai, zeSa cAra dravyendriyoM ke pratibandhaka karmoM kA AvaraNa hone se abhAva hotA hai, lekina sUkSma avyakta labdhi upayoga rUpa zrotra Adi bhAvendriya rUpa karmoM kA kSayopazama hone se sUkSma aura avyakta rUpa se jJAna kA sadbhAva hotA hai| usI prakAra pRthvI 110. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 474-476 TIkA sahita 111. jainatarkabhASA pR. 23 112. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 100 113. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 101 114. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 102

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[230] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana Adi ekendriya jIvoM meM dravyendriya tulya dravyazruta ke abhAva hone para bhI bhAvendriya tulya bhAvazruta hotA hai, aisA mAnanA hI pdd'egaa| kyoMki vanaspati Adi ekendriya meM to isake spaSTa cihna prApta hote haiM, yathA zrotrendriya - sundara kaNTha evaM madhura paMcama svara se udgIta gIta-zravaNa se virahaka vRkSa para puSpa ugajAte haiN| isase usameM zrotrendriya jJAna kA spaSTa bodha hotA hai| cakSurindriya - sundara strI kI AMkhoM ke kaTAkSa se tilaka vRkSa para phUla khila jAte haiN| isase cakSurindriya jJAna kA spaSTa avarodha hotA hai| ghrANendriya - vividha sugandhita padArthoM se mizrita nirmala zItala jala ke siMcana se campaka vRkSa para phUla prakaTa ho jAte haiN| isase usameM ghrANendriya-jJAna kI spaSTa puSTi hotI hai| rasanendriya - atizaya rUpa vAlI taruNa strI ke mukha se pradatta svaccha susvAdu zarAba ke kulle kA AsvAdana karane se bakula vRkSa para phUla nikala Ate haiN| isase usameM rasanendriya jJAna kA spaSTa bhAna hotA hai| isI prakAra maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti meM ekendriya jIvoM meM pAMcoM bhAvendriya ko ghaTita kiyA hai| ataH ekendriya jIvoM meM dravyendriyoM kA abhAva hote hue bhI bhAvendriya janita jJAna hotA hai| isI prakAra dravyazruta ke abhAva meM bhAvazruta bhI hotA hai jaiseki vanaspati ke jIvoM meM AhArasaMjJA hai, khAdapAnI barAbara milane para vaha pallavita hotI hai aura nahIM milane para vaha naSTa ho jAtI hai| isI prakAra chuImuI Adi ko chUne se usameM saMkoca hotA hai, yaha bhayasaMjJA, isI prakAra campaka, kezara, azoka Adi vRkSoM meM maithunasaMjJA, bilva, palAza Adi meM parigraha saMjJA bhI hotI hai, kyoMki unakI jar3e gar3e hue dhana para phailatI haiN| ye sabhI saMjJAeM bhAvazruta ke binA nahIM ho sakatI haiN| ata: uparyukta udAharaNoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki ekendriya meM dravyazruta ke abhAva meM bhI bhAvazruta pAyA jAtA hai| 15 zaMkA - bhASAlabdhi aura zrotralabdhi ke abhAva meM bhI pRthvI Adi ekendriyoM meM spaSTa anupalabdha jJAna kA Apane sadbhAva siddha kiyA hai, to isase unameM pAMcoM jJAnoM ke sadbhAva kA prasaMga upasthita hogaa| samAdhAna - ApakA kathana sahI nahIM kyoMki ekendriya meM avadhijJAna, mana:paryavajJAna, kevalajJAna ke AvaraNa kA kSayopazama yA kSaya nahIM hone se unakA sadbhAva nahIM hotA hai|16 sabhI jIva ekendriya aura paMcendriya jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra eka samaya meM eka indriya kA hI upayoga hotA hai, isalie upayoga kI dRSTi se sabhI jIva ekendriya haiN| ekendriya, dvIndriya Adi kA bheda nirvRtti, upakaraNa aura labdhi indriya kI apekSA se hai tathA labdhi indriya kI apekSA sabhI jIva paMcendriya haiN| 17 ekendriya meM pAMcoM bhAvendriyA~ pAI jAtI haiM, 'paMcediu vva vaulo, naro vva savva-visaovalaMbhAo' arthAt saba viSayoM kA jJAna hone kI yogyatA ke kAraNa bakuza vRkSa manuSya kI taraha pAMca indriyoM vAlA hai|18 isI prakAra naMdI ke TIkAkAra malayagiri ne ekendriya jIvoM ko bhAvendriyoM kI apekSA paMcendriya batAyA hai arthAt TIkAkAroM aura bhASyakAroM ne ekendriyoM meM eka dravyendriya tathA pA~ca bhAvendriyA~ mAnI haiN| Agamika mata yaha kathana AgamAnukUla nahIM hai| kyoMki prajJApanA sUtra ke pada 15 uddezaka 2 ke mUlapATha "evaM jassa jati iMdiyA tassa tattiyA bhANiyavvA jAva vemaanniyaannN|" meM ekendriya meM eka hI 115. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 103 evaM bRhavRtti 116. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 104 117. jo savisayavAvAro so uvaogo se cegkaalmmi| egeNa ceya tamhA uvaogegiMdio svvo|| egidiyAibheyA paDucca sesaMdiyAI jiivaannN| ahavA paDucca laddhiMdiyaM pi paMciMdiyA svve||- vize0bhASya, gAthA 2998-2999 118. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 3000-3001

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [231] bhAvendriya batAI hai, isalie ekendriya meM eka hI bhAvendriya samajhanI caahie| zabdAdi kA sparza hone se jo kArya hote haiN| ye sabhI kArya sparzanendriya se hI ho sakate haiN| jaise zvAsa lenA nAka kA kArya hai, bhojana karanA jIbha kA kArya hai, parantu ekendriya jIva sparzanendriya se hI zeSa cAra indriyoM ke kAryoM ko karate haiM aura yaha kArya saMjJA ke antargata haiN| prajJApanAsUtra ke 8veM saMjJA pada meM ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM meM AhArasaMjJA se lekara oghasaMjJA, lokasaMjJA taka dasoM hI saMjJAeM pAI jAtI haiN| ataH Agamika dRSTi se to ekendriya meM eka hI bhAvendriya mAnanA ucitta pratIta hotA hai| prazna - kyA ekendriyoM ko bhI zruta (a)jJAna hotA hai? uttara - hA~, para vaha soye hue yA madya meM matta mUrcchita prANI ke zruta jJAna ke sadRza avyakta hotA hai| jaba ve ekeMdriyAdi jIva, kSudhA-vedana Adi ke samaya 'kSudhA' zabda aura 'kSudhA vedanA' inameM nihita vAcya-vAcaka sambandha paryAlocanA pUrvaka aura 'mujhe bhUkha lagI hai'-yoM antaraMga zabda ullekha sahita kSudhA kA vedana karate haiM, taba unheM zrutajJAna hotA hai, aisA samajhanA caahie| AvazyakacUrNi ke anusAra asaMjJI paMcendriya jIva ghaTa, paTa Adi padArthoM ko dekhatA huA bhI nahIM jAnatA ki 'yaha kucha hai| ataH labdhyakSara prAyaH saMjJI ke hotA hai, asaMjJI ke nhiiN|19 haribhadra Adi kucheka AcAryoM ne vikalendriya jIvoM meM labdhyakSara nahIM mAnatA hai| 20 jabaki malayagiri ne donoM matoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - 1. labdhyakSara akSarAnuviddha jJAna hai, isalie vaha samanaska jIvoM ke hI ho sakatA hai, amanaska jIva akSara ko par3ha nahIM sakate aura usake uccAraNa ko samajha nahIM sakate haiN| ataH unake labdhyakSara saMbhava nahIM hai| 2. ekendriyAdi jIvoM meM AhAra Adi kI abhilASA hotI hai| abhilASA prArthanA hai aura prArthanA akSarAnuviddha hotI hai| isase ekendriya jIvoM ke bhI labdhyakSara ho sakate haiN| antara yaha hai ki vaha avyakta hotA hai|21 jinadAsagaNi ne naMdIcUrNi meM isa viSaya meM kisI bhI prakAra kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| isa prakAra labdhi akSara ke svAmI ke sambandha meM pUrvAcAryoM meM matabheda hai| eka akAra Adi kI paryAya jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra saMyukta akSara jaise vyAdhi, siddhi aura asaMyukta akSara jaise ghaTa, paTa Adi akSaroM ke saMyoga ananta haiM, pratyeka saMyoga ananta paryAya vAlA hotA hai| eka-eka akSara svapara-paryAya ke bheda se bhinna hai| pratyeka akSara kI sva-paryAya aura para-paryAya dharmAstiAkAyAdi sabhI dravyoM kI paryAyarAzi ke samAna hai|2 isa triloka (U~cA, nIcA aura tiryak loka) meM jitane paramANu, dvayaNukAdi aura eka AkAzapradezAdi jo dravya haiM, ina sabhI ko ikaTThA karane para jitanI rAzi prApta hotI hai, vaha rAzi eka akArAdi akSara kI paryAya ke tulya hai| usameM alpa rUpa svaparyAya (rAzi se vaha bhI ananta hai) aura adhika mAtrA meM para paryAya hai| sva-paryAya se para-paryAya ananta guNA adhika hai| bRhadvRtti meM maladhArI hemacandra ne dRSTAMta dvArA samajhAte hue kahA hai ki asat kalpanA se sarva dravyoM kI paryAya jo anantAnanta hai, usako eka lAkha pramANa tathA akAra ikAra Adi vAcya padArthoM kI saMkhyA eka hajAra maanle| sarva dravyoM kI paryAya saMkhyA meM akAra Adi sabhI vAcya paryoM kI saMkhyA kA bhAga dene para eka akAra akSara kI sambaddha svaparyAya kA pramANa sau prApta hotA hai| 119. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1, pR. 28 120. ....anena viklendriyaadivyvcchedmaah| hAribhadrIya naMdIvRtti, pR. 72 121. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 188 122. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 445,477

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM vRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana (100000/1000=100) isa prakAra sva- paryAya to 100 tathA zeSa 99900 para paryAya hotI hai / vaha usa akAra se avidyamAna se sambaddha hai| yahI pramANa ikArAdi, paramANu Adi kI paryAya kA bhI samajha lenA caahie| 23 [232] akSara kI sva- para paryAya abhilApya vastu kA kathana varNoM ke dvArA hotA hai / ataH abhilApya bhAva akAra Adi varNoM (akSara) kI svaparyAya hai| zeSa anabhilApya bhAva akSara kI para paryAya hai| akSara kI sva-paryAya alpa hone se paraparyAya ke anantaveM bhAga jitanI haiM aura para-paryAya, sva-paryAya se anantaguNA adhika hotI hai| 24 anabhilApya (aprajJApanIya) bhAvoM kA anantavAM bhAga abhilApya ( prajJAnanIya ) bhAva hai| prajJApanIya bhAvoM kA anantavAM bhAga zrutanibaddha hai | 1250 akAra kI sva-paryAya aura para paryAya anya varNoM se asaMyukta athavA saMyukta akAra kI udAtta anudAtta, sAnunAsika niranunAsika Adi astitva se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa svaparyAya hai aura yaha ananta hai| zeSa ikAra, ghaTa Adi kI paryAya nAstitva se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa akAra kI para paryAya hai 126 arthAt svaparyAya se bhinna sabhI paryAya paraparyAya hai| jaise ki akAra varNa kI apekSA AkAra, kakAra Adi varNoM kI paryAya aura ghaTa Adi vastu ke rUpa Adi paryAya paraparyAya hai| vaha svaparyAya se anaMtaguNA adhika hai| jinadAsagaNa ne isakA samarthana kiyA hai| malayagiri ne udAharaNa dvArA samajhAte hue kahA hai ki kara kA artha kiraNa hotA hai yaha kara kI eka prakAra kI paryAya hotI hai| paraMtu jahAM kara kA artha hAtha hotA hai yaha kara kI dUsare prakAra kI paryAya hai / aise kara, ghaTa, paTa Adi vAcya ananta hone se akAra varNa kI svaparyAya anaMta hai| 128 isI prakAra AkAra, ikAra Adi pratyeka akSara kI paryAya ananta hai| AvazyakacUrNi meM sva-paryAya aura paraparyAya ke bhI do-do bheda kie haiM sambaddha aura asambaddha / jaise akAra kI svaparyAya apane astitva se sambaddha hai aura nAstitva se asambaddha hai| akAra kI vahI svaparyAya anya akSaroM ke astitva se asaMbaddha hai aura unake nAstitva se saMbaddha hai| isI prakAra akAra kI jo paraparyAya hai, vaha usake nAstitva se saMbaddha hai aura astitva se asaMbaddha hai tathA yaha anya akSaroM ke astitva se sambaddha aura nAstitva se asaMbaddha hai / 130 akArAdi kI svaparyAya mUla vastu ke sAtha saMbaMdhita ho sakatI haiM, lekina paraparyAya kisa prakAra saMbaMdhita ho sakatI hai ? isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna karate hue jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki 1. akAra ikArAdi meM svaparyAya astitva rUpa se sambaddha aura usakI paraparyAya nAstitva rUpa se sambaddha hai| jaiseki ghaTa ke sAtha ghaTa ke atirikta dravyoM kI paryAya nAstitva dharma se saMyukta hai| 2. ghaTAdi paryAya vidyamAna rUpa se akSara se asambaddha hai, to bhI vaha paryAya akSara kI hai, kyoMki abhAva rUpa meM vaha usase saMyukta hai jaise puruSa ke sAtha caitanya saMbaMdhita hai vaise hI dhana saMbaMdhita nahIM hai| lekina svayaM upayoga Adi ke kAraNa dhana usake sAtha saMbaMdhita mAnA jAtA hai 3. jisa prakAra samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra paryAyoM ke gocara svakArya niSpAdaka sarvadravya-paryAyasvadhana kI apekSA se bhinna hote hue bhI zraddhA karane yogya, jAnane yogya aura kriyAphala meM upayogI 123. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 477 kI bRhadvRtti, pR. 222 125. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 141 127. naMdIcUrNi pR. 83 129. naMdIcUrNi pR. 83 124. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 487-488 126. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 478 128. malayagiri pR. 199 130. AvazyakacUrNi 1, pR. 28-29

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [233] hone se ve sabhI paryAyeM muni (yati) kI hI mAnI jAtI haiM / usI prakAra grahaNa karane rUpa aura tyAga karane rUpa phala vAlI pratyeka paryAya akSara kI hai aura upalakSaNa se ghaTAdi kI bhI hai| 31 eka kA jJAna sarva kA jJAna I I jo sva aura para samagra paryAyoM se yukta kisI eka bhI vastu ko jAnatA hai, vaha sampUrNa loka aura aloka meM vidyamAna sva-para paryAyoM se yukta sarva vastu ko jAnatA hai kyoMki eka vastu kA parijJAna sarva vastu ke parijJAna kA avinAbhAvI hai jo samasta paryAyoM se yukta sarva vastu ko jAnatA hai, vaha sarva paryAyoM se yukta eka vastu ko bhI jAnatA hai| kyoMki sarva vastu kA parijJAna eka vastu ke parijJAna kA avinAbhAvI hai| AcArAMga sUtra ke anusAra jo eka ko jAnatA hai, vaha sabhI ko jAnatA hai aura jo sabhI ko jAnatA hai, vaha eka ko bhI jAnatA hai| 132 yaha Agama vacana uparyukta kathana kA samarthana karatA hai| ataH sarvaparyAya sahita vastu nahIM jAnane vAlA eka akAra akSara ko bhI pUrNa rUpa se nahIM jAnatA hai, tathA jisako sabhI vastuoM kA jJAna hotA hai tabhI vaha eka akSara ko sarva prakAra se jAna sakatA hai| 139 malayagiri ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai| 34 yahA~ zrutajJAna kA adhikAra hone se akSara kI paryAya kA hI ullekha kiyA hai, isI prakAra anya sabhI vastu kA bhI adhikAra jAna lenA caahie| 25 bRhadvRtti ke anusAra AkAza ke alAvA zeSa sabhI padArthoM meM sva-paryAya thor3I hai aura paraparyAya usase ananta guNA hai / parantu AkAza loka aura aloka meM hone ke kAraNa zeSa sabhI padArthoM ke samUha se ananta guNA hai aura zeSa sabhI padArtha usake anantaveM bhAga jitane haiM isalie AkAza kI para paryAya alpa aura svaparyAya usase ananta guNA adhika hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki akAra ke udAttAdi 18 bheda svaparyAya rUpa haiM, zeSa saba para paryAya haiN| AkAza ko chor3akara saba dravyoM ke paraparyAya anantaguNA hote haiN| AkAza ke svaparyAya se para paryAya anantaveM bhAga pramANa hote haiM / isa prakAra jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ke anusAra zruta (akSara) kA bhI sarvadravyaparyAyaparimANatva hai| kyoMki naMdIsUtra 37 meM akSara ko zabdataH AkAza-pradeza paryAya pariNAma kahA hai| paraMtu dharmAstikAya Adi dravyoM kI paryAya AkAzapradeza kI apekSA kama hone se unakA samAveza bhI arthataH samajha lenA caahie| isase akSara kI sarvadravyaparyAyaparimANatA meM koI bAdhA prApta nahIM hotI hai / sarvadravyaparyAyaparimANatva kA niyama eka varNa para bhI lAgU hogA kyoMki varNa kI svaparyAya aura paraparyAya milakara hI varNa sarvadravyaparyAyaparimANa maya hotA hai / naMdIsUtra meM akSara kI paryAya ke varNana meM dharmAstikAya Adi dravya kI paryAya alpa hone kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| vItarAga deva ne ekaeka AkAza pradeza meM agurulaghu paryAya ananta kahI hai, isa apekSA se AkAza kI paryAya ananta hai| 2 naMdIcUrNikAra ke anusAra jJAnAkSara, varNAkSara aura jJeyAkSara tInoM ananta haiN| 39 prastuta saMdarbha meM jJAnAtmaka akSara hI vivakSita hai / usakA anantavAM bhAga sadA anAvRtta rahatA hai| yahI jIva aura ajIva kI bheda rekhA kA nirmANa karatA hai| 131. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 479-483 133. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 484 485, maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti pR. 225 134. malagiri, naMdIvRpR.200 132. AcArAMga zru. 1, a. 3, u. 4 135. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 486-486 136. maladhArI hemacandra, bRhadvRtti, pR. 227 137. savvAgAsapaesaggaM savvAgAsapaesehiM anaMtaguNiyaM vakraM phiraja naMdIsUtra. pU. 157 138. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 489- 491 139. naMdIcUrNi pR. 83-84

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[234] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana zaMkA - naMdIsUtra meM sAmAnya rUpa se hI jJAnAkSara kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| lekina vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI gAthA 497 aura naMdIsUtra ke anusAra "sabhI jIvoM meM paryavAkSara kA anantavA~ bhAga nitya khulA rahatA hai| 140 vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 496 meM akSara kA sambandha zrutajJAna aura kevalajJAna donoM se batalAyA gayA hai| yaha paryavAkSara zrutAkSara nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki sampUrNa dvAdazAMgI jAnane vAle ke sampUrNa zrutAkSara hotA hai| usakI apekSA sabhI jIvoM ke akSara kA anantavAM bhAga nitya anAvRtta rahatA hai, aisA artha prApta nahIM hotA hai| ataH yaha kathana kevalAkSara kI apekSA se honA caahie| kyoMki anaMta paryAya yukta hone se akSara zabda se kevalajJAna grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| ataH zrutAkSara kevalajJAna kI paryAya ke samAna kaise hai? kyoMki zrutajJAna kA viSaya kevalajJAna ke anantaveM bhAga jitanA hotA hai| ataH kevalajJAna kI paryAya ke tulya zrutAkSara kI paryAya kA pramANa kaise ho sakatA hai| samAdhAna - jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki yaha sahI nahIM hai| kyoMki kevalAkSara meM bhI uparyukta artha ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| athavA yahA~ sAmAnya se sabhI jIvoM kA kathana karane ke bAda api41 zabda se kevalI ke sivAya ke dUsare sabhI jIvoM ke akSara kA anantavAM bhAga khulA rahatA hai, aisA artha karane para kevalAkSara mAnane meM koI virodha nahIM hai| isa nyAya se to jisa prakAra kevalAkSara kA artha ghaTita kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra zrutAkSara kA bhI artha ghaTita ho jAtA hai| jaise sAmAnya kathana meM api zabda se kevalI ko chor3akara zeSa jIvoM kA kathana kara rahe haiM, usI prakAra sAmAnya se sabhI jIvoM kA kathana karake api zabda se sampUrNa dvAdazAMgI jAnane ke alAvA zeSa jIvoM ke akSara kA anantavAM bhAga nitya anAvRtta rahatA hai, aisA kaha sakate haiN| ataH yahA~ para akArAdi se zrutAkSara hI kahA hai, lekina kevalAkSara nhiiN| 42 zrutajJAna aura kevalajJAna kI paryAya zrutAkSara kI mAtra sva-paryAya athavA para-paryAya kevalajJAnI kI paryAya ke barAbara nahIM hai| jabaki zrutAkSara kI sva aura para paryAya ubhaya rUpa se milAkara hI kevalajJAna kI paryAya ke tulya hai arthAt kevalajJAna kI paryAya kI apekSA se zruta kI sva-para paryAya sarvadravya kI paryAya rAzi ke barAbara hai| 143 zrutajJAna yA pratyeka akSara ke dvArA jitanA jAnA jAtA hai, vaha usakI svaparyAya hotI hai| kevalajJAna ke dvArA jAnI jAne vAlI zeSa sabhI paryAya usa zruta yA akSara kI para paryAya hotI hai| isa prakAra zrutajJAna kI sva-para paryAya milakara kevalajJAna kI svaparyAya ke tulya hotI hai| zruta kI svaparyAya sarva paryAyoM ke anantaveM bhAga jitanI hone se zrutajJAna kI paryAya se kevalajJAna kI paryAya ananta guNa adhika hotI hai| sva-para paryAya rUpa vizeSa rahita sAmAnya se anantaparyAya yukta kevalajJAna avizeSa hai| aisA avizeSa kevalajJAna mAtra sva-paryAya se hI sarvadravya paryAya kI rAzi ke pramANa jitanA hai| jabaki zrutajJAna to sva-para paryAya milAkara sarvadravya paryAya kI rAzi jitanA hotA hai, yaha kevalajJAna aura zrutajJAna meM antara hai| vAstava meM to kevalajJAna kI sva-paryAya para-paryAya yukta hI hai| lekina vastu svabhAva se to kevalajJAna sva-para paryAya ke bheda se bhinna hai, kyoMki kevalajJAna jIva kA svabhAva hai aura ghaTAdi usase bhinna hai| 44 140. savvajIvA NaM pi ya NaM akkharassa aNaMtabhAgo, nniccugghaaddio| - nadIsUtra, pR. 157 141. ...kevalivajANaM tivihbheo'vi| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 497 142. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 492 143. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 493 144. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 494-495

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cartutha adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna - [235] akSara kA paryavaparimANa jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki sabhI jIvoM ke jaghanya akSara kA anantavAM bhAga khulA rahanA usake caitanya kA kAraNa hai, yadi yaha bhAga bhI Avarita ho jAe to jIva ajIvavat ho jaaegaa| jisa prakAra sUrya ke Age meghoM kA pragAr3ha AvaraNa Ane para bhI divasa aura rAtri kA bheda spaSTa hotA hai| usI prakAra akSara kA anantavAM bhAga jIva ke anAvRtta rahatA hai| 145 146 sarva AkAza ke jitane pradeza haiM, unheM sarva AkAza ke pradezoM se arthAt unheM utane hI pradezoM se anantabAra guNA karane para jitanA parimANa prApta hotA hai, utane hI parimANa meM 'paryavAkSara' (akSara ke paryava) hote haiM " arthAt jJAna kA parimANa lokAkAza aura alokAkAza, yoM sarva AkAza ke jitane pradeza haiM, unheM sarva AkAza ke samasta pradezoM ke dvArA anantavAra guNita kiyA jAye tathA upalakSaNa se dharmAstikAya Adi zeSa dravyoM ke pradezoM ko bhI unake utane hI pradezoM se anantavAra guNita kiyA jAye taba jitanA guNanaphala hogA utane akSara ke arthAt kevalajJAna ke paryava haiM, yA zrutajJAna ke svapara paryava haiN| naMdIsUtra ke uparyukta pATha se akSara athavA kevalajJAna kA pramANa jJeya ke AdhAra para samajhAyA gayA hai| akSara athavA kevalajJAna kA parimANa itanA hI hotA hai| 147 kaunase jJAna kA anantavAM bhAga anAvRtta rahatA hai ? uparyukta varNana ke anusAra sabhI jIvoM ko paryavAkSara kA anantavA~ bhAga nitya khulA rahatA hai|148 zruta kI anAditA sabhI jIvoM ko jinheM jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIya kA utkRSTa udaya hai, jisake kAraNa jo pUrvokta tInoM prakAra kI saMjJA se rahita haiM aura styAnagRddhi nidrA meM haiM aise nigoda jIvoM ko bhI akSara kA (kevalajJAna kA) yA zrutajJAna kA anantavA~ bhAga nitya (anAdikAla se ) khulA (ughar3A) rahatA hai / jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ke anusAra jaghanya akSara kA anantavAM bhAga pRthvIkAya Adi ekendriya jIvoM meM hotA hai| utkRSTa akSara kA anantavAM bhAga utkRSTa zrutajJAnI ke hotA hai| jaghanya aura utkRSTa ke svAmiyoM ko chor3akara zeSa dvIndriyAdi jIvoM ke SaTsthAnapatita madhyama rUpa se akSara kA anantavAM bhAga hotA hai, jo ki dvIndriyAdi jIvoM meM kramazaH vizuddha hotA hai| 149 jabaki jinadAsagaNi, haribhadra aura malayagiri ne jaghanya aura madhyama ina do prakAroM kA hI ullekha kiyA hai|151 ataH yahA~ akSara kA tAtparya zrutAkSara hai| -150 kevalajJAna kA koI vibhAga nahIM hotA hai, isalie jJAna ke vikAsa kA anantarvA bhAga usase sambaddha nahIM hai| avadhijJAna kI prakRti aMsakhyAta hai| isalie jJAna kA anantavAM bhAga avidhajJAna se sambaddha nahIM ho sakatA hai / manaH paryavajJAna kI prakRti avadhijJAna se bhI kama hai / avadhijJAna aura manaH paryavajJAna nitya anAvRtta nahIM rahate haiN| zeSa do jJAna mati aura zruta ye donoM jJAna sahacArI haiN| isalie zrutajJAnAtmaka akSara kA anantavAM bhAga anAvRtta rahatA hai| ataH jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ke anusAra akSara kA artha zrutAkSara hai 1 145. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 497-498 146. savvAgAsapaesaggaM savvAgAsapaesehiM anaMtaguNiyaM pajjavakkharaM Nipphajjai / - naMdIsUtra, pR. 157 147. naMdIcUrNi pR. 82-83 148. savvajIvApi a NaM akkharassa anaMtabhAgo, nniccugghaaddio| naMdIsUtra pR. 157 149 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 499-500 151. 'zrutasya jantUnAM jaghanyo madhyamo vA draSTavyo, na tUtkRSTa iti sthitam / ' 150. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 84, hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti pR. 87 malayagiri naMdIvRtti pR. 201

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[236] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ne matAntara kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki akSara kA sambandha kevalajJAna aura zrutajJAna donoM se hai| akSara kI paryAya kA parimANa sAmAnya rUpa se nirUpita hai| yahA~ akSara kA sambandha zruta-akSara aura kevala-akSara donoM ke sAtha jor3A jA sakatA hai| zruta-akSara ke jitane sva-para paryAya haiM, utane hI paryAya kevala-akSara ke haiN|152 aisA hI ullekha SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI prApta hotA hai, unake anusAra labdhyakSara jJAna akSarasaMjJaka kevala kA anantavAM bhAga hai| ataeva siddha huA ki jIva ke (kevalajJAna yA) zrutajJAna kA anantavA~ bhAga nitya ughar3A rahatA hai| AcArya mahAprajJajI ne uparyukta carcA meM prApta do matoM kA samanvaya isa prakAra se kiyA hai ki jJAna kI bheda sahita vivakSA kareMge taba to labdhyakSara kA sambandha matijJAna aura zrutajJAna se karanA hogA evaM jJAna se sAmAnya rUpa se kevalajJAna kA grahaNa karate haiM to labdhyakSara ko kevalajJAna kA anantavAM bhAga svIkAra karane meM bAdhA nahIM hogii|154 digambara paramparA ke anusAra vIrasenAcArya ke anusAra sUkSma nigodiyA jIva ke jJAna ko akSara kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki yaha jJAna nAza ke binA eka svarUpa se avasthita rahatA hai athavA kevalajJAna akSara hai, kyoMki usameM vRddhi aura hAni nahIM hotI hai| dravyArthika naya kI apekSA cUMki sUkSma nigoda labdhyaparyAptaka kA jJAna bhI vahI hai, isalie bhI isa jJAna ko akSara kahate haiN| 55 akSara jJAna meM kauna sA akSara iSTa hai ____ akSara jJAna meM labdhyakSara, nirvRtyakSara aura saMsthAnAkSara meM se labdhi akSara upayogI hotA hai| jabaki nirvatyakSara aura saMsthAnAkSara se nahIM, kyoMki ve jar3a svarUpa haiN|55 labdhyakSara kA pramANa kevalajJAna kA anantavAM bhAga hai| labdhyakSara jJAna nirAvaraNa hai, kyoMki akSara kA anantavAM bhAga hamezA anAvRtta rahA hai| labdhyakSara jJAna meM saba jIva rAzi kA bhAga dene para saba jIva rAzi se anantaveM guNa jJAnAvibhAga praticchedaka hote haiN|157 sUkSma nigodiyA labdhyaparyAptaka jIva ke utpanna hone ke prathama samaya meM sabase jaghanya jJAna hotA hai, isI ko prAyaH labdhyakSara jJAna kahate haiN| itanA jJAna hamezA nirAvaraNa tathA prakAzamAna rahatA hai| zruta kI anAditA uparyukta varNana ke anusAra jIva ke (kevalajJAna yA) zrutajJAna kA anantavA~ bhAga nitya ughar3A rahatA hai arthAt jIva meM jJAna rahatA hai| jJAna kA yaha anantavA~ bhAga hI jIva aura ajIva meM bheda karatA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki jaba se jIva hai taba se hI usameM jJAna hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra jIva anAdi ananta hai| isalie zruta bhI anAdi hai| zruta sAdi saparyavasita aura anAdi aparyavasita hai| 58 zruta ke samAna mati ko bhI anAdi samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki jahA~ zrutajJAna hai, vahA~ niyama se matijJAna hai| labdhyakSara ke bheda naMdIsUtra meM labdhyakSara ke zrotra Adi pAMca jJAnendriya janya aura manojanya rUpa chaha bheda hote haiM, yathA- 1. zrotrendriya labdhyakSara, 2. cakSurindriya labdhyakSara, 3. ghrANendriya labdhyakSara, 4. jihvendriya 152. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 496 153. taM puNa laddhiakkharaM akkharasaNNidassa kevalaNANassa annNtimbhaago| - SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13 pR. 263 154. AcArya mahAprajJa, naMdIsUtra pR. 126 155. SaTkhaMDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.48 pR. 262 156. SakhaMDAgama, pu. 5.5.48 pR. 265 157. SaTkhaMDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.48 pR. 262 158. se taM sAiaM sapajjavasiaM, se taM aNAiaM apjjvsi| - naMdIsUtra, pR. 158

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [237] labdhyakSara, 5. sparzanendriya labdhyakSara tathA 6. anindriya lbdhykssr|59 naMdIsUtra ke bAda ke vyAkhyAkAroM ne bhI ina bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM ina bhedoM kA spaSTa rUpa se ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI gAthA 117 'soiMdiovaladdhI hoI suyaM sesayaM tu minaannN| mottUNa davvasuyaM akkharalaMbho ya sesesu|' ke anusAra yaha mAna sakate haiM ki jinabhadragaNi ne pUrva meM zruta ko zrotrendriyopalabdhirUpa mAnA hai| naMdI meM labdhyakSara ke chaha bhedoM kA ullekha hai, isase jinabhadragaNi zrotrendriyopalabdhi meM anya indriyajanya akSaralAbha ko samAviSTa karake ukta bhedoM kI saMgati baiThAte haiN|160 jinadAsagaNi ne labdhyakSara ko paMcavidha mAnA hai| unhoMne manojanya akSaralAbha ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai / naMdI ke TIkAkAroM ne ukta bhedoM ko samajhAte hue batAyA hai ki zrotrendriya se zabda sunane para 'yaha zaMkha kA zabda hai' ityAdi akSaramaya zabdArthaparyAlocana se jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha zrotrendriyalabdhyakSara hai, kyoMki vaha zrotrendriya ke nimitta se huA hai|62 AMkha se Amraphala dekhane para 'Amraphala' isa prakAra jo akSarAnuviddhajJAna hai, vaha zabdArthaparyAlocanAtmaka jJAna hotA hai, vaha cakSuindriya labdhyakSara hai, ityaadi|163 akalaMka ke anusAra IhA Adi meM zabdollekha hotA hai, to vaha zrutajJAna nahIM hai| kyoMki avagraha Adi meM saMketa ke samaya meM zrutAnusAritva hotA hai, lekina vyavahAra kAla zrutAnusAritva nahIM hotA hai| abhyAsa ke kAraNa zruta ke anusaraNa ke binA bhI jJapti hotI hai| isase zruta kA anusaraNa kiye binA indriyamanonimitta jJapti mati hai, jabaki zrutAnusArI jJapti zruta hai| zabdAnuyojanA pUrva kI jJapti mati hai, jabaki zabdAnuyojanAyukta jJapti zruta hai|64 2. anakSara zruta zrutajJAna ke prathama bheda akSara zruta ke viparIta dvitIya anakSarazruta kA svarUpa nimna prakAra se hai| bhASA akSarAtmaka aura anakSarAtmaka donoM prakAra kI hotI hai| jahAM jIva kA bolane kA prayatna ho aura bhASA varNAtmaka na ho , vaha no akSarAtmaka bana jAtI hai| ucchvAsa-ni:zvAsa bolane rUpa prayatna se utpanna nahIM hai| ataH bhASAtmaka nahIM hai| phira bhI zrutajJAna kA kAraNa hai| isalie inheM anakSara zruta mAnA gayA hai arthAt jo dhvanimaya abhiprAya se yukta ho aura jise akSara rUpa meM lipibaddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, vaha anakSara zruta hai| ___ naMdIsUtra ke anusAra jo 'a' 'ka' Adi varNa rahita zruta hai, use 'anakSara zruta' kahate haiN| anakSarazruta ke aneka bheda haiN|.....1. zvAsa lenA, 2. zvAsa chor3anA, 3. thUkanA 4. khAMsanA, 5. chIMkanA, 6. 'gUM-gU karanA 7. adhovAyu karanA, 8. sudd'sudd'aanaa|65 isI prakAra sabhI saMketAdi bhI anakSara zruta rUpa hI haiN| yahA~ zAbdika artha hI diyA hai| 'suNiti iti suyaM' - jo sunA jAtA hai, vaha zruta hai| isalie yahA~ chIMkAdi ke udAharaNa diye gaye haiN| kintu pAMcoM indriyoM se bhI kiye gaye saMketa dravyazruta rUpa hI haiN| 159. naMdIsUtra, pR. 146 160. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 124 161. taMca paMcavihaM soiNdiyaadi| -naMdIcUrNi, pR. 71 162. naMdIcUrNi pR. 71, hAribhadrIya pR. 72, malayagiri pR. 188 163. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 188-189 164. tattvArthazvolavArtika 1.20. 123 se 126 165. aNakkharasuyaM aNegavihaM paNNattaM, taM jahA- UsasiyaM NIsasiyaM, NicchUDhaM khAsiyaM ca chIyaM c| NissiMghiyamaNusAraM, aNakkharaM cheliyaaiiyN| - naMdIsUtra, pR. 147

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[238] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jinabhadragaNi aura maladhArI hemacandra ke anusAra zruta zabda meM zravaNa se zrotrendriya mukhya hai| ucchvAsa-ni:zvAsa, thukanA, khAMsI, chIMka, suMghanA, anusvAra Adi se jo jJAna hai, vaha anakSara zruta hai| yaha zrutajJAna kA kAraNa hai, ataH dravya zruta hai| viziSTa abhiprAya pUrvaka ucchvAsa, Adi kA prayoga hotA hai, taba vaha zrutajJAna kA kAraNa banatA hai| athavA zruta meM uparyukta vyakti kA sArA vyApAra hI zruta hai, kintu sira ghunanA Adi ceSTAeM zruta nahIM hai| jaiseki putra janma para kisI ne thAlI bajAI vaha abhiprAya yukta tathA anakSara zruta hai| niSprayojana thAlI bajAI vaha dhvani mAtra hai, abhiprAya yukta nahIM hai| ata: vaha anakSara zruta rUpa nahIM hai| ucchvAsa Adi hI zruta ke rUpa meM rUDha hai| jo sunA jAtA hai, vaha zruta hai| ucchvAsa Adi zravaNa ke viSaya haiN| sira, hAtha Adi kI ceSTA dRzya hai, zravya nahIM hai, ataH vaha zruta nahIM hai| anusvAra AkAra Adi vargoM kI taraha artha kA jJApaka hai, ataH zruta hai|66 haribhadra aura malayagiri ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai|67 ___Avazyakaniyukti meM zrutajJAna ke varNana meM mAtra anakSara zruta ke udAharaNa prApta hote haiN| jaiseki ucchvasitaM (ucchvAsa), niHzvasita (ni:zvAsa), niSThUtaM, (thUkanA) kAsitaM (khAMsI), kSutaM (chIMka) ni:saMghita (tAlI) anusvAra (sAnusvAra uccAraNa), seNTita (nAka chIMkanA) Adi / 68 DaoN. haranArayaNa paMDyA 69 kA anumAna hai ki niyukti ke samaya meM zrutajJAna ke bhedoM meM se anakSarazruta mukhyata: carcA kA viSaya rahA hogA, isalie niyuktikAra ne anakSarazruta kA hI vizeSa ullekha kiyA hai| lekina jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ke samaya taka sabhI bhedoM kI carcA hone lagI hogI, isIlie unhoMne sabhI bhedoM ko vistAra se samajhAyA hai| ucchvAsa-ni:zvAsa Adi mAtra dhvani rUpa hI haiN| lekina yaha dhvani bhAvazruta kA kAraNa rUpa hone se dravyazruta hai| athavA zrutajJAna ke upayogavAle vyakti ke ucchvAsAdi sabhI vyApAra zruta hI haiN| yahA~ zaMkA hotI hai ki jaba zrutopayoga vAle ke sabhI vyApAra zruta hI haiM to phira usakA gamanaAgamana, hastAdi kI ceSTAeM bhI dravyazruta honI caahie| jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ne isakA samAdhAna do prakAra se diyA hai - 1. ucchvAsa-ni:zvAsa Adi ko hI anakSara zruta kahane kI rUDhi hai, lekina hastAdi ke vyApAra ko zruta nahIM kahate haiN| 2. jo sunA jAtA hai, vaha zruta hai| hastAdi kI ceSTAoM nahIM sunA jAtA hai, isalie ve zruta nahIM hai| haribhadra, malayagiri aura yazovijaya ne bhI jinabhadragaNi kA samarthana kiyA hai| maladhArI hemacandra ne bRhadvRtti meM hastAdi ceSTAoM ko zruta kA hetu mAnA hai, kyoMki vaha bhI ucchvAsa-ni:zvAsa Adi ke samAna manogata abhiprAya ko vyakta karate hue akSarAtmaka jJAna hai| kyoMki abhinaya Adi meM jo hastAdi kI ceSTAeM kI jAtI hai, ve bhI dravyazruta kA rUpa hI hai|1 jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra anusvAra bhI artha kA jJAna karAne ke kAraNa zruta hai arthAt akArAdi vargoM ke samAna hI artha kA jJAna karAne vAlA hone se anusvAra zruta rUpa hai| aisA hI ullekha haribhadra, maladhArI hemacandra aura malayagiri ne bhI kiyA hai|72 matijJAna ke IhAdi bhedoM meM zabdollekha hote haiN| 166. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 502-503 evaM bRhavRtti 167. hAribhadrIya naMdIvRtti, pR. 72, malayagiri naMdIvRtti pR. 189 168. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 20 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 501, naMdIsUtra, pR. 147 169. jainasaMmata jJAnacarcA, pR. 168 170. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 501-503, naMdIsUtra pR. 147, malayagiri pR. 189, jainatarkabhASA pR. 23 171. karAdiceSTAstumatijJAnasyA'sAdhAraNakAraNaM naM bhavanti, shrutjnyaanhetutvaadpi| - vizeSAvazyakabhASa, gAthA 174 kI bRhadvRtti 172. hAribhadrIya pR. 72, anusvArAdayastvakArAdivarNA ivA'rthasyA'dhigamakA eveti| - vizeSAvazyakabhASa, gAthA 503 kI bRhadvRtti, pR. 233-234, malayagiri pR. 189

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [239] vaha zruta se kisa prakAra bhinna hai| isakI spaSTatA yazovijaya ne labdhyakSara ke bhedoM kA ullekha karate samaya kI hai| prazna - zvAsa lenA, zvAsa chor3anA ityAdi zAbdika kriyAe~ dravya-zruta ke antargata kaba samajhanI cAhie? uttara - jaba ina zAbdika kriyAoM kA prayoga karane vAle kisI anya jana ko, kisI padArtha vizeSa kA jJAna karAne ke abhiprAya se, ina zAbdika kriyAoM kA prayoga karatA hai, tabhI inheM dravya zrutajJAna ke antargata samajhanA caahie| jaise mala tyAga karane ke sthAna meM mala tyAga karatA huA puruSa, apanI upasthiti aura usa avasthA kA, anya anabhijJa puruSa ko jJAna karAne ke abhiprAya se, kaMTha ke dvArA avarNAtmaka vicitra svara karatA (khakhAratA) hai, to vaha svara, dravya zrutajJAna ke antargata hai, kyoMki vaha zabda anya anabhijJa puruSa ko ukta puruSa kI sthiti jAnane rUpa bhAva zrutajJAna meM kAraNa banatA hai| aisA hI ullekha haribhadra, maliyagiri ne bhI kiyA hai| anakSara zruta ke bheda jaise akSara zruta ke tIna bheda haiM - 1. saMjJA akSara zruta, 2. vyaMjana akSara zruta, aura 3. labdhi akSara zruta, vaise hI anakSara zruta ke tIna bheda hote haiM - 1. saMjJA anakSara zruta, 2. vyaMjana anakSara zruta aura 3. labdhi anakSara shrut| jo hAtha kI ceSTA vizeSa Adi 'saMjJA anakSara zruta' hai, kyoMki ve ceSTAe~ saMjJAtmaka haiN| zabdAtmaka anakSara zruta use 'vyaMjana anakSara zruta' ke antargata samajhanA cAhie tathA jo ina donoM se suna kara va dekhakara utpanna zrutajJAna ko 'labdhi anakSara zruta' samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki vaha jJAnAtmaka hai| ina donoM bhedoM ko yahA~ nahIM kahA hai, parantu unheM upalakSaNa se samajha lenA caahie|175 3-4. saMjJI zruta-asaMjJI zruta / jo jIva saMjJA sahita haiM, unake zruta ko 'saMjJIzruta' kahate haiM tathA jo jIva saMjJA rahita haiM, unake zruta ko 'asaMjJIzruta' kahate haiN| ataH saMjJI zruta ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie pahale saMjJA aura saMjJI kA kyA svarUpa hai, isako samajhanA Avazyaka hai| jainadarzana meM saMjJA zabda vibhinna arthoM meM prayukta huA hai, jaiseki sAmAnya jJAna rUpa AhArAdi dasa saMjJA, pratyabhijJAna, manovyApAra, abhisaMdhAraNa zakti, matijJAna aura bhUta-bhaviSyatkAlIna samyak ciMtana ityaadi| bauddhadarzana meM saMjJA ke do artha hai - jJAna aura nimittodgrhnn| saMjJA kA svarUpa ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA zabda 'saNNA' hai jisakI saMskRta chAyA hotI hai 'saMjJA,' saMjJA zabda kI vyutpatti isa prakAra kI gayI hai- 'saMjJAnaM saMjJA Abhoga ityarthaH yadivA saJjJAyate'nayA'yaM jIva iti sNjnyaa|' arthAt - 'sam' pUrvaka 'jJA avabodhane' dhAtu se saMjJA zabda banatA hai| jisakA artha hai jJAna karanA tathA yaha 'jIva' hai aisA jisa jJAna se jAnA jAya, use saMjJA kahate haiN| vedanIya aura mohanIya karma ke udaya se tathA jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama se paidA hone vAlI AhArAdi kI prApti ke lie AtmA kI kriyA vizeSa ko saMjJA kahate haiN| athavA jina bAtoM se yaha jAnA jAya ki jIva AhAra Adi ko cAhatA hai, use saMjJA kahate haiN| kisI ke mata se mAnasika jJAna hI saMjJA hai athavA jIva kA AhArAdi viSayaka cintana saMjJA hai| 173. jJAnabinduprakaraNam, pR. 9 174. ankssrshbdkaarnnkaary-mnkssrshrutm| - hAribhadrIya naMdIvRtti, pR. 72, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti pR. 189 175. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 210 ___ 176. prajJApanAvRtti, pR. 233 177. vedanIyamohodayAzritA jJAnAvaraNadarzanAvaraNakSayopamAzritA ca vicitraa''haaraadipraaptikriyaa| - prajJApanAvRtti, pR. 233

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[240] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana saMjJA ke prakAra AvazyakacUrNi meM mukhya rUpa se saMjJA ke do prakAra batAye haiM - 1. kSAyopazamika saMjJA - karma ke kSayopazama se utpanna, jaise jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se hone vAlI Abhinibodhika saMjJA hai| 2. karmaudayika saMjJA - karma kI bhinna-bhinna prakRtiyoM ke udaya se hone vAlI AhAra Adi sNjnyaaeN|178 karmodaya se niSpanna saMjJA ke cAra prakAra haiM - AhAra saMjJA, bhayasaMjJA, maithunasaMjJA aura parigrahasaMjJA / prajJApanA sUtra meM saMjJA ke dasa prakAra batAye haiM - 1. AhAra saMjJA 2. bhaya saMjJA 3. maithuna saMjJA 4. parigraha saMjJA 5. krodha saMjJA 6. mAna saMjJA 7. mAyA saMjJA 8. lobha saMjJA 9. loka saMjJA aura 10. ogha sNjnyaa|180 bhagavatIsUtra zataka 7 uddezaka 8 meM bhI aisA hI ullekha hai| ___ AcArAMganiyukti meM AhArAdi dasa saMjJAoM ke atirikta moha, dharma, sukha, du:kha, jugupsA aura zoka ina chaha saMjJAoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| ye saMjJAyeM saba jIvoM meM nyUnAdhika pramANa meM pAI jAtI haiN| isaliye ye saMjJI-asaMjJI vyavahAra kI niyAmaka nahIM hai| AgamoM meM saMjJI aura asaMjJI kA bheda anya saMjJAoM kI apekSA se haiN| saMjJI kA svarUpa IhA, apAya Adi ke dvArA Age-pIche kA bhUta-bhaviSya aura vartamAna ko socakara nirNaya le vaha saMjJI kahalAtA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se jisa jIva ke saMjJA hotI hai, ve saMjJI haiM aura jisake saMjJA nahIM, ve asaMjJI kahalAte haiN| bauddha paramparA ke abhidharmakoza bhASya meM bhI saMjJI aura asaMjJI kA ullekha milatA hai|182 bhagavatIsUtra meM pRthvIkAyika Adi pAMca sthAvara aura aneka prakAra ke trasa jIva ko asaMjJI batAyA hai|183 jIvAjIvAbhigama sUtra kI tIsarI pratipatti ke anusAra pRthvIkAyika pAMca sthAvara, tIna vikalendriya aura sammUrchima manuSya asaMjJI hI hote haiM, anya garbhaja manuSya, jyotiSka aura vaimAnika ke deva saMjJI hI hote haiN| nAraka, bhavanapati, vANavyantara aura tiryaMca paMcendriya saMjJI aura aMsajJI hote haiN| siddha bhagavAn no saMjJI no asaMjJI hote hai| aisA hI varNana prajJApanA sUtra ke saMjJIpada (31veM) meM bhI prApta hotA hai| lekina uparyukta varNana se saMjJA kA artha spaSTa nahIM hotA hai| dazAzrutaskaMdha14 meM dasa citta samAdhi ke sthAnoM meM pUrvajanma ko smaraNa karane ke artha meM saMjJA zabda prayukta huA hai| AcArAMgasUtra185 ke prAraMbha meM pUrvabhava ke jJAna ke prasaMga meM arthAt vizeSa prakAra ke matijJAna ke artha meM saMjJA zabda prayukta huA hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM bhI saMjJA ko abhinibodha (matijJAna) kahA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki saMjJA zabda pahale matijJAna ke vizeSa artha meM prayukta hotA hogaa| bAda vAle kAla meM isakA sambandha zrutajJAna se hogA ho| SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI saMjJA kA vAstavika artha spaSTa nahIM kiyA hai|187 dhavalA meM saMjJI zabda ke 178. AvazyakacUrNi, bhAga 2, pR. 80 179. Avazyaka (navasuttANi) 4.8 180. taMjahA-AhAra saNNA, bhaya saNNA, mehuNa saNNA, pariggaha saNNA, koha saNNA, mANa saNNA, mAyA saNNA, loha saNNA, loya saNNA, ogha snnnnaa| - prajJApanAsUtra pada 8 181.AhAra bhaya pariggaha mehuNa sukha dukkha moha vitigicchaa| koha mAna mAya lohe soge loge ya dhmmohe| AcArAMganiyukti gA0 39 182. abhidharmakoza bhASya 2.41, 42 183. bhagavatIsUtra zataka 7, uddezaka 7, pR. 171 184. saNNijAisaraNeNaM saNNiNANaM vA se asamuppaNNapuvve samuppajjejjA...... | - dazAzrutaskaMdha, pAMcavI dazA, pR. 34 185. ihamegeMsi No saNNA bhvti| AcArAMga sUtra, 1.1.1 pR. 1 186. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 12, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 396 187. SaTkha NDAgama, pu. 1, sU. 1.1.172, pR. 408, pu. 7 pR. 111-112

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [241] artha nimna prakAra se kie haiM - 1. jo bhalI prakAra se jAnatA hai, usako saMjJa arthAt mana kahate haiN| vaha mana jisake pAyA jAtA hai, usako saMjJI kahate hai| (samyag jAnAtIti saMjJaM manaH, tadasyAstIti saMjJI) athavA 2. jo jIva mana ke avalambana se zikSA, kriyA, upadeza aura AlApa ko grahaNa karatA hai, use saMjJI kahate haiM aura jo ina zikSAdi ko grahaNa nahIM kara sakatA hai, usako asaMjJI kahate haiN| dUsarI vyAkhyA meM bhI mana kA Alambana to svIkAra kiyA hI hai| isase donoM meM antara spaSTa nahIM hotA hai|188 tatvArthasUtra meM 'saMjJinaHsamanaskA:' (saMjJI jIva mana vAle hote haiM) aisA kaha kara bhASya meM isakA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai ki yahA~ saMjJI zabda se ve hI jIva vivakSita haiM, jinameM saMpradhAraNa saMjJA ho| sampradhAraNa saMjJA kA artha hai - IhA aura apoha se yukta guNa-doSa kA vicAra karane vAlI saMjJA / sampradhAraNa saMjJA mana vAle jIvoM ke hI hotI hai| 189 ___ Avazyakaniyukti meM saMjJI-asaMjJIzruta ke nAmollekha ke alAvA koI vizeSa spaSTatA milatI nahIM hai| paraMtu bAda ke kAla meM jo vicAra huA vaha naMdI aura tatvArtha sUtra meM milatA hai| tatvArthasUtra meM eka prakAra kA vargIkaraNa milatA hai, jabaki naMdI sUtra meM tIna prakAra kA milatA hai - dIrghakAlikopadezikI aadi| inhIM kA ullekha bhASyakAra ne kiyA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra saMjJI-asaMjJI kA svarUpa - jisake saMjJA hotI hai, vaha saMjJI kahalAtA hai| saMjJA tIna prakAra kI hotI hai - dIrghakAlikopadezikI, hetuvAdopadezikI aura dRssttivaadopdeshikii|91 saMjJA kI upasthiti meM jIva saMjJI hai, to ekendriyAdi jIvoM meM bhI AhArAdi dasoM saMjJAe~ hotI haiN| unako saMjJI mAnanA cAhie, lekina AgamoM meM aneka sthAloM para ina jIvoM ko asaMjJI mAnA hai| jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ne isakA samAdhAna dete hue kahA hai ki alpa dhana aura rUpa se vyakti dhanavAna aura rUpavAna nahIM kahalAtA hai arthAt bahuta dhana aura rUpa hone para hI vyakti dhanavAn aura rUpavAn kahalAtA hai| vaise hI AhArAdi dasa saMjJAoM meM alpatA yukta hotA hai, to vaha saMjJI nahIM kahalAtA hai| parantu jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama se hue manojJAna saMjJA se hI jIva saMjJI kahalAtA hai|93 saMjJI-asaMjJI zruta kA svarUpa saMjJI (aura asaMjJI) zruta tIna prakAra ke haiM -1. kAla kI apekSA, 2. hetu kI apekSA tathA 3. dRSTi kI apekSA / 194 ataeva ina trividha saMjJAoM kI vivakSA se saMjJI jIva aura asaMjJI jIva bhI tIna-tIna prakAra ke haiM aura isa kAraNa saMjJIzruta aura asaMjJIzruta bhI tIna-tIna prakAra kA haiN| dIrghakAlikopadezikI Adi tIna saMjJAoM kA svarUpa nimna prakAra se hai| 1. dIrghakAlikopadezikI saMjJA jisase jIvoM meM IhA, apoha, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA, cintA aura vimarza karane kI yogyatA ho vaha dIrghakAlikI saMjJA kahalAtI hai|195 athavA jisa saMjJA meM bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna tInoM kAloM kA jJAna ho arthAt maiM yaha kArya kara cukA hU~, yaha kArya kara rahA hU~ aura yaha kArya karUMgA, isa prakAra 188. SaTakhaNDAgama (dhavalA) pu. 1. pR. 152 189. tatvArthabhASya 2.25 190. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 19, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 454 191. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 504 192. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 505 193. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 506-507 194. saNNisuyaM tivihaM paNNattaM, taM jahA-kAliovaeseNaM, heUvaeseNaM, ditttthivaaovesennN| - naMdIsUtra, pR. 149 195. naMdIsUtra, pR. 150

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[242] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana kA cintana dIrghakAlikI saMjJA hai| yahI mana hai| manolabdhi sampanna jIva manovargaNA ke ananta skaMdhoM ko grahaNa kara manana karatA hai, vaha dIrdhakAlikI saMjJA hai| yaha saMjJA manojJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se niSpanna hotI hai|196 jIvoM ke arthopalabdhi kA stara - dIpakAdi ke prakAza se jAne hue ghaTAdi ke saMbaMdha meM cakSuSmAn ko spaSTa artha kA jJAna hotA hai| isI prakAra manojJAnAvaraNakarma ke kSayopazama se yukta jIva ko ciMtApravartaka manodravya ke prakAza meM artha kA jJAna spaSTa hotA hai| yaha pAMca indriya aura mana ke bheda se trikAla viSaya rUpa chaha prakAra kA upayoga hotA hai| jisa prakAra avizuddha cakSuvAle jIva ko manda prakAza meM aspaSTa jJAna hotA hai, usI prakAra asaMjJI ke svalpa manovijJAna kSayopazama ke kAraNa alpa manodravya grahaNa kI zakti hone se zabdAdi artha kI aspaSTa upalabdhi hotI hai| jaise ki mUrchA prApta hue vyakti ko sabhI viSayoM kA avyakta jJAna hotA hai vaise hI prakRSTa jJAnAvaraNa ke udaya se ekendriya jIvoM ko bhI avyakta jJAna hotA hai| dvIndriyAdi kA usase adhika spaSTa, asaMjJI paMcendriya kA aura adhika evaM saMjJI paMcendriya ko ekadama spaSTa rUpa se jJAna hotA hai| mAnasika prakAza ke abhAva meM artha kI upalabdhi maMda, maMdatara hotI calI jAtI hai|7 zaMkA - sabhI jIvoM meM caitanya samAna hote hue bhI vividha prakAra kI upalabdhi kyoM hotI hai? samAdhAna - jisa prakAra cakraratna, talavAra, dAtra, bANa Adi meM chedaka guNa samAna rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai phira bhI cakraratna kI chedaka kSamatA se talavAra kI kama, usase dAtra kI, usase bANa Adi kI chedaka kSamatA hIna hotI jAtI hai, usI prakAra sabhI jIvoM meM caitanya samAna rUpa se hone para bhI jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke vicitra kSayopazama ke kAraNa ekendriya se saMjJI paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM meM vividha prakAra kI jJAnopalabdhi hotI hai| saMjJIpaMcendriya kI arthopalabdhi (jJAna) kI paTutA vizuddhatara, asaMjJI paMcendriya ke avizuddha, vikalendriya ke avizuddhatara aura ekendriya ke avizuddhatama hotI hai|198 jinadAsagaNi ne bhI lagabhaga aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai|99 dIrghakAlikopadezikI saMjJA ke kArya dIrghakAlikopadezikI saMjJA meM lambe bhUtakAla aura lambe bhaviSyakAla viSayaka nimna chaha kAryoM kA ullekha naMdIsUtra meM huA hai, yathA 1. IhA karanA - satpadArtha ke dharmoM kA anvaya aura vyatireka se vicAra karanA, jaise ki yaha kyA hai? 2. apoha karanA - nizcaya, avAya karanA arthAt vyatireka kA tyAga kara anvaya ko smjhaanaa| jaise - yaha rassI hai| 3. mArgaNA karanA - satpadArtha meM pAye jAne vAle guNa dharma kA vicAra karanA, madhuratA ke kAraNa yaha zabda zaMkha kA hai| 4. gaveSaNA karanA - satpadArtha meM nahIM pAye jAne vAle guNa dharma kA vicAra karanA, isa zabda meM karkazatA nahIM hai isalie yaha zaMkha kA zabda hai| 5. ciMtA karanA - bhUta meM yaha kaise huA? vartamAna meM kyA karanA hai? bhaviSya meM kyA hogA? isakA ciMtana krnaa| 6. vimarza karanA - yaha isI prakAra ghaTita hotA hai, yaha isI prakAra huA, yaha isI prakAra hogA, ityAdi, padArtha kA samyak-yathArtha nirNaya karanA Adi'dIrghakAlika saMjJA' kahalAtI hai|200 cUrNikAra ne IhA ke vaikalpika artha bhI batAye haiM 201 haribhadra aura malayagiri202 kA varNana carNikAra se bhinna hai| 196. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 508-509 197. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 510-512 198. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 513-514 199. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 73 200. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra pR. 210-211 201. naMdIcUrNi pR. 73 202. hAribhadrIya naMdIvRtti, pR. 75, malayagiri naMdIvRtti pR. 190

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [243] dIrghakAlika saMjJA kI apekSA saMjJI asaMjJI jIva jina jIvoM meM yaha dIrghakAlika saMjJA pAyI jAtI hai, ve isa dIrghakAlika saMjJA kI apekSA 'saMjJI jIva' haiM tathA jinameM ye nahIM pAyI jAtI, ve 'asaMjJI jIva' haiN| __ bhASyakAra ke anusAra dIrghakAlika saMjJA jitane bhI mana vAle prANI haiM, unameM pAI jAtI hai, yathA - nAraka, garbhaja tiryaMca, garbhaja manuSya aura deva/03 jinadAsagaNi ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai| jitane bhI mana rahita prANI haiM-sammUrchima eka indriya se lekara pA~ca indriya vAle tiryaMca aura sammUrchima manuSyoM meM yaha saMjJA nahIM pAyI jAtI, kyoMki jaise aMdhA prANI netra aura dIpaka ke abhAva meM kisI bhI padArtha kA spaSTa jJAna karane meM asamartha hotA hai, vaise hI ye bhI mana ke abhAva meM (alpatA meM) dIrgha vicArapUrvaka padArtha kA spaSTa vicAra karane meM asamartha rahate haiM |205 dIrghakAlikopadezikI saMjJA kI apekSA saMjJI asaMjJI zruta jina jIvoM meM yaha dIrghakAlika saMjJA pAyI jAtI hai, una jIvoM kA zruta, dIrghakAlika saMjJA kI apekSA 'saMjJI zruta' hai tathA jina jIvoM meM yaha saMjJA nahIM pAyI jAtI, una jIvoM kA zruta, dIrghakAlika saMjJA kI apekSA 'asaMjJI zruta' hai| 2. hetuvAdopadezikI saMjJA jo prAyaH vartamAna ke hetu kA vicAra hai arthAt nikaTa bhUta evaM nikaTa bhaviSya ke hetu kA vicAra haiM, use 'hetu saMjJA' kahate haiN| jinameM abhisaMdhAraNa-buddhipUrvaka kArya karane kI kSamatA ho, ve hetu kI apekSA saMjJI tathA jinameM aisI kSamatA nahIM ho, ve asaMjJI haiN|206 vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra - jisameM prAyaH vartamAna kAlika jJAna ho use hetuvAdopadezikI saMjJA kahate haiM arthAt apane zarIra kI rakSA ke lie iSTa vastuoM ko grahaNa karane tathA aniSTa vastuoM kA tyAga karane rUpa jo upayogI vartamAnakAlika jJAna hotA hai, use hetuvAdopadezikI saMjJA kahate haiM |207 AvazyakacUrNi meM artha kiyA hai ki - abhisaMghAraNapUrvaka karaNazakti kA artha hai, mana se pUrvApara kA vimarza kara pravRtti nivRtti krnaa| jina jIvoM meM yaha zakti hotI hai, ve jisa zabda ko sunakara jJAna karate haiM, vaha hetuvAdopadezika saMjJIzruta hai|208 hetuvAdopadezika saMjJA ke sambandha meM naMdI ke TIkAkAroM kA mata jisa saMjJA meM hetu aura kAraNa nimitta ho vaha hetuvAdopadezika saMjJA hai| jinadAsagaNi aura haribhadra ke anusAra Alocana (abhisandhAraNa) vyakta vijJAna se prApta hotA hai| jabaki malayagiri ke anusAra vyakta aura avyakta donoM prakAra ke vijJAna se prApta hotA hai,209 zakti arthAt kAraNa shkti| jisake tIna artha haiM - kriyA ke lie sAmarthya, kriyA meM pravRtti aura kAraNa shkti| jinadAsagaNi210 tInoM artha karate haiN| haribhadra11 prathama artha karate hue zakti kA artha sAmarthya karate haiM aura malayagiri-12 203. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 509 204. jassa saNNA bhavati so AdipadalovAto kAliovadeseNaM snnnniityrth| - naMdIcUrNi, pR. 73 205. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 74 206. heUvaeseNaM jassaNaM atthi abhisaMdhAraNapubviyA karaNasattI se NaM saNNIti lbbhi| jassa NaM Natthi abhisaMdhAraNapubviyA karaNasattI se NaM asaNNIti lbbhi| settaM heuuvesennN| - naMdIsUtra, pR. 149 207. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 515-516 208. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1, pR. 31 209. avyaktena vyaktena vA vijnyaanenaalocnN| - malayagiri pR. 190 210. tata: vijJAnasyaiva karaNazaktiH karaNaM-kriyA zaktiH sAmarthyam, athavA karaNa evaM zaktiH karaNazaktiH |-nNdiicuurnni pR. 74 211. karaNaM kriyA, zaktiH smaarym| - hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 75 212. karaNazaktiH karaNaM kriyA tasyAM zaktiH -pravattiH / -malayagiri, naMdIvatti. pa. 190

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[244] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana zakti kA dvitIya artha pravRti karate hue kahate haiM ki jo jIva svayaM ke zarIra kA pAlana karane meM samartha hotA hai, vaha kAraNa zakti se vicAra karake AhAra Adi iSTa vastu meM pravRtti karatA hai tathA aniSTa vastu meM pravRtti nahIM karatA haiM, vaha jIva saMjJI hai, jabaki jisameM yaha kAraNa zakti nahIM, vaha jIva asaMjJI hai| kyoMki dvIndriya se saMmUrcchima paMcendriya taka ke jIva saMjJI hai| jabaki pRthvI Adi ekendiya jIva asaMjJI hai / hetu kI apekSA saMjJI asaMjJI jIva yaha saMjJA jo dIrghakAlika saMjJA kI apekSA asaMjJI haiM- mana rahita haiM, unameM se bhI jo dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura sammUrcchima pA~ca iMdriya vAle trasa jIva haiM, unhIM meM pAyI jAtI hai, kyoMki ve sparzana iMdriya dvArA zIta-uSNa Adi kA anubhava kara use dUra karane ke vicArapUrvaka dhUpa-chA~va Adi meM gamana Agamana karate haiN| rahane ke lie sthAna, ghara Adi banAte haiN| bhUkha lagane para use miTAne kI vicAraNApUrvaka iSTa AhAra pAkara use khAne kI pravRtti karate haiM, aniSTa AhAra dekha kara usase nivRtta hote haiM, jaise-laTa aadi| sugaMdha kI icchApUrvaka zakkara Adi iSTa gaMdha vAle padArthoM ke nikaTa pahu~cate haiM, aniSTa gaMdha vAle padArthoM se haTate haiM, jaise- cIMTiyA~ Adi / rUpa kI icchApUrvaka rUpavAna, gaMdhavAna rasavAna puSpa Adi para pahu~cate haiM, aniSTa rUpa, gaMdha, rasavAna puSpa Adi para nahIM pahu~cate haiM, jaise bhramara aadi| jo eka indriya vAle sthAvara jIva haiM, unameM yaha saMjJA nahIM pAyI jAtI, kyoMki unameM vartamAna kA vicAra bodha bhI atyanta manda hotA hai aura tatpUrvaka gamana Agamana kI vIrya zakti bhI nahIM hotI / ataH saMjJA kI apekSA dvIndriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke jIva saMjJI aura ekendriya asaMjJI haiM / 2 13 niSkarSa yaha hai ki hetuvAda kI dRSTi se jo jIva saMjJI hai| vaha jIva kAlikavAdakI dRSTi meM asaMjJI hai| hetu kI apekSA saMjJI asaMjJI zruta jina jIvoM meM yaha hetu saMjJA pAyI jAtI hai, una jIvoM kA zruta, hetu saMjJA kI apekSA 'saMjJI zruta' hai tathA jina jIvoM meM yaha saMjJA nahIM pAyI jAtI, una jIvoM kA zruta, hetu saMjJA kI apekSA asaMjJI zruta hai / dIrghakAlakikI aura hetuvAda saMjJA meM antara dIrghakAlikI saMjJA traikAlika hotI hai| hetUpadezikI saMjJA vartamAna kAlika hotI hai| isa saMjJA meM kahIM kahIM atIta aura anAgata kA ciMtana bhI hotA hai, paraMtu isa viSaya meM vartamAnakAla ke samIpa hotI hai, kintu dIrghakAlika ciMtana nahIM hotA hai| jabaki dIrghakAlika saMjJA ke jIvoM ke vicAra sudIrgha bhUta-bhaviSyakAlIna hote haiM 12 14 isalie naMdI meM TIkAkAroM ke kAlika zabda ke pUrva dIrgha vizeSaNa sahetuka diyA hai| isase saMjJI - asaMjJI ke tIna prakAra ke nirUpaNa meM saMmUrchima paMcendriyAdi hetuvAdasaMjJI jIva kAlika saMjJA kI apekSA se asaMjJI haiM aura kAlika saMjJI jIvo meM samyaktva kA abhAva hotA hai, to ve jIva dRSTivAda saMjJA kI apekSA se asaMjJI hai| 3. dRSTivAdopadezikI saMjJA dRSTivAda kI apekSA jinake saMjJIzruta-samyak zruta kA kSayopazama ho, ve saMjJI aura jinake asaMjJI zruta - mithyA zruta kA kSayopazama ho, ve asaMjJI haiM 2715 213. naMdIcUrNi pR. 74 214. vizeSAvazyabhASya gAthA 516 malayagiri pR. 190 215. diTTivAovaeseNaM saNNisuyassa khaovasameNaM saNNI labbhai, asaNNisuyassa khaovasameNaM asaNNI se taM diTTivAovaeseNaM / se ttaM saNNisuyaM se taM asaNNisuyaM / naMdIsUtra, pR. 150 - labbhai /

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [245] vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra - jIva-ajIva, puNya-pApa, Amrava-saMvara-nirjarA, baMdha, mokSa, ina nava tattvoM kA samyag yathArthajJAna aura ruci rUpa jo samyagdarzana hai, vaha dRSTivAda (samyagdarzana) kI apekSA saMjJA hai| jina jIvoM meM yaha dRSTivAda saMjJA pAyI jAtI, una jIvoM kA samyag zruta, dRSTivAda saMjJA kI apekSA saMjJIzruta hai tathA jina jIvoM meM yaha dRSTivAda saMjJA nahIM pAyI jAtI, una jIvoM kA mithyAzruta, dRSTivAda saMjJA kI apekSA asaMjJIzruta hai|16 kevalI saMjJI kyoM nahIM? AgamoM meM kSAyika jJAna ke dhAraka kevalI ko no saMjJI no asaMjJI batAyA hai| jabaki kSAyopazamika jJAna vAle ko saMjJI kahA hai, isakA kyA kAraNa hai? jinabhadragaNi isakA samAdhAna dete hue kahate haiM ki saMjJA meM atIta artha kA smaraNa aura anAgata artha kA cintana hotA hai| lekina kSAyika jJAna ke dhArI kevalI meM isa prakAra kI pravRtti nahIM pAI jAtI hai| kyoMki ve pratyeka padArtha ko sAkSAt aura sarvadA jAnate haiN| usameM unheM cintana, smaraNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| isa saMdarbha meM kevalI jIva saMjJI nahIM arthAt saMjJAtIta haiM, ataH kSAyopazamika jJAnI ko hI saMjJI mAnA gayA hai|17 mithyAdRSTi asaMjJI kyoM? samyagdRSTi jIva saMjJI aura mithyAdRSTi jIva asaMjJI hote haiN| mithyAtva mohanIya aura zrutajJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se saMjJIzruta kI prApti hotI hai 18 mithyAdRSTi bhI hitAhita ke vibhAga rUpa se jJAnAtmaka saMjJAyukta ho kara jAnatA hai, to vaha dRSTivAdopadezikI saMjJA se aMsajJI kaise hai? ve asaMjJI isalie hote haiM ki unakI saMjJA mithyAdarzana ke kAraNa azubha hotI hai| kA parigraha kiyA hai| unameM asat aura sat kA viveka nahIM hotA hai| unakA jJAna saMsAra kA kAraNa banatA hai aura unako jJAna kA phala nahIM milatA, jaise vyavahAra meM kutsita zIla ko azIla kahA jAtA hai, kutsita vacana avacana kahalAtA hai, vaise hI mithyAtva ke kAraNa kutsita jJAna hone se saMjJI ko asaMjJI kahA gayA hai| jJAna ke phala rUpa cAritra kA bhI usake abhAva hotA hai 19 lekina dIrghakAlika saMjJA kI apekSA se devAdi cAroM gatiyoM ke mithyAdRSTi jIvoM ko saMjJI mAnA hai, to phira dRSTivAda kI apekSA se bhI ve saMjJI honA caahie| isakA samAdhAna dete hue jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki jaise pRthvI Adi jIvoM meM oghasaMjJA hote hue bhI unheM hetuvAdopadezikI kI apekSA se asaMjJI mAnA hai| kyoMki oghasaMjJA Adi hetuvAdopadezikI saMjJA kI apekSA azubha hai| dIrghakAlikopadezikI saMjJA kI apekSA se hetuvAdopadezikI saMjJA azubha hone se hetuvAdopadezikI saMjJA ke svAmiyoM ke dIrghakAlikopadezikI saMjJA kI apekSA se asaMjJI kahA hai| usI prakAra dRSTivAdopadezikI saMjJA kI apekSA se dIrghakAlikopadezikI saMjJA azubha hai, isalie dIrghakAlikopadezikI saMjJA se jinheM saMjJI mAnA hai, ve bhI dRSTivAdopadezikI saMjJA kI apekSA se asaMjJI hai 220 dRSTivAda kI apekSA saMjJIzruta-asaMjJIzruta jina jIvoM meM yaha dRSTivAda saMjJA pAyI jAtI hai, una jIvoM kA samyak zruta, dRSTivAda saMjJA kI apekSA 'saMjJIzruta' hai tathA jina jIvoM meM yaha dRSTivAda saMjJA nahIM pAyI jAtI, una jIvoM kA mithyAzruta, dRSTivAda saMjJA kI apekSA 'asaMjJIzruta' hai| mithyAtva mohanIya aura zrutajJAnAvaraNa ke 216. vizeSAvazyabhASya gAthA 517 217. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 518 218. micchattassa sutAvaraNasya ya khayovasameNaM kateNaM saNNisutassa laMbho bhvti| - naMdIcUrNi, pR. 74 219. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 519-521 220. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 522

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[246] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana kSayopazama se saMjJIzruta kI prApti hotI hai / mithyAtva mohanIya ke udaya aura zrutAjJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se aMsajJIzruta kI prApti hotI hai / 221 AvazyakacUrNi meM kahA hai ki jina karmoM se saMjJIbhAva AvRtta hai, unameM se kucha kA kSaya aura kucha kA upazama arthAt kSayopazama hone se saMjJI bhAva prApta hotA hai / vaha saMjJI jIva zabda ko sunakara pUrvApara kA bodha karatA hai, vaha dRSTivAdopadeza saMjJIzruta hai / 22 paM. sukhalAla saMghavI ne karmagraMtha bhAga cAra ke pR. 38-39 para saMjJA ke cAra vibhAga kiye haiM 1. pahale vibhAga ke anusAra jinakA jJAna atyanta alpa vikasita hai| yaha vikAsa itanA alpa hai ki isa vikAsa se yukta jIva, mUrcchita ke samAna ceSTArahita hote haiN| isa avyaktatara caitanya kI oghasaMjJA kahI gaI hai| ekendriya jIva oghasaMjJA vAle hI hote haiN| zeSa tIna vibhAga uparyuktAnusAra hI hai| AgamoM meM jahA~ kahI para saMjJI - asaMjJI kA ullekha huA hai, vahA~ para asaMjJI kA artha oghasaMjJAvAle aura hetuvAdopadezikI saMjJAvAle jIvoM se hai tathA saMjJI kA artha dIrghakAlopadezikI saMjJA vAle jIvoM se hai / saMjJAoM ke svAmI pRthvI, ap, tejas, vAyu aura vanaspati- ina pAMcoM ke ogha saMjJA hotI hai / dvIndriya Adi meM hetu (hetUpadeza) saMjJA tathA deva, nAraka aura garbhaja prANiyoM meM dIrghakAlikI saMjJA hotI hai| samyakdRSTi chadmastha ke dRSTivAda saMjJA hotI hai / ataH usake zrutajJAna ko saMjJIzruta kahA gayA hai / mati - zruta ke vyApAra se vimukta hone se kevalI saMjJAtIta hote haiM 1223 saMjJAoM kA krama uparyukta tIna saMjJAoM meM hetuvAdopadezikI saMjJA avizuddha hotI hai| usase vizuddha dIrghakAlopadezikA saMjJA aura usase vizuddhatama dRSTivAdopadezikI saMjJA hotI hai| naMdIsUtra meM dIrghakAlopadezikI, hetuvAdopadezikI aura dRSTivAdopadezikI aisA viparIta krama kyoM diyA hai? jinabhadragaNi isake samAdhAna meM kahate haiM ki AgamoM meM jo saMjJI aura asaMjJI jIvoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai, vaha dIrghakAlika saMjJA ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| jisa jIva meM yaha saMjJA vikasita hotI hai, ve saMjJI aura jisameM yaha saMjJA vikasita nahIM ho ve asaMjJI jIva kahalAte haiN| jabaki dRSTivAdopadezikI ko aMta meM rakhane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki vaha tInoM saMjJAoM meM pradhAna / isalie uparyukta vizuddhi kA krama chor3akara naMdIsUtra meM dIrghakAlopadezikI, hetuvAdopadezikI aura dRSTivAdopadezikI saMjJA kA krama diyA gayA hai 1224 - tattvArthasUtra kI paraMparA tattvArthasUtra kI paraMparA meM saMjJI aura asaMjJI zruta kA ullekha nahIM hai / kintu saMjJI ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| umAsvAti ke anusAra samanaska jIva saMjJI aura amanaska jIva asaMjJI hote haiN| umAsvAti saMjJA kA artha IhA apoha yukta, guNadoSa kI vicAraNA karate hue sampradhAraNa karate haiM aura sabhI nAraka, deva, garbhaja manuSya aura tiryaMca ko saMjJI kahate haiN| yaha saMjJA naMdIsUtra meM varNita dIrghakAlikI saMjJA ke samAna hai / 225 221. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 74 223. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 523-524 225. sampradhAraNasaMjJAyAM saMjJino jIvAH samanaskA bhavanti / tatvArthabhASya 2.25 222. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1, pR. 31 224. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 525

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [247] pUjyapAda ke mata meM saMjJA kA artha - 1. hita prApti aura ahita ke tyAga kI parIkSA, 2. nAma 3. jJAna 4. AhArAdisaMjJA kI abhilaassaa| nAma, jJAna aura AhArAdi saMjJA se yukta jIvoM kA saMjJI meM grahaNa nahIM ho, isake lie samanaska ko hI saMjJI kahA hai| isase garbhaja, aMDaja, mUrcchita aura suSupti Adi avasthAoM meM hita-ahita kI parIkSA kA abhAva hone para bhI mana kI upasthiti ke kAraNa ina jIvoM ko bhI saMjJI mAnA hai|26 pUjyapAda ke vicAra naMdIsUtra meM varNita hetuvAdopadezikI saMjJA ke anurUpa pratIta hote haiN| vidyAnaMda kahate haiM ki amanaska jIvoM ke bhI sAmAnya smaraNa, sAmAnya dhAraNA, sAmAnya avAya aura sAmAnya avagraha Adi hote haiN| isa prakaraNa meM vizeSa rUpa se zikSA, kriyA kalApa kA hI grahaNa saMjJA meM kiyA hai| ata: saMjJA meM sAmAnya rUpa se hue IhA-apoha kA samAveza nahIM ho sakatA hai 27 isa paristhiti meM bhAva mana hI isakA vyAvartaka lakSaNa hai| yaha vyAkhyA bhI naMdIsUtra kI hetuvAdopadezikI saMjJA ke anurUpa hai| isa prakAra jainAcAryo ke dvArA kiye gaye vicAra ke anusAra saMjJI aura asaMjJI ke saMdarbha meM saMjJA zabda artha nAma, jJAna, AhArAdi saMjJA28 sampradhAraNa saMjJA rUpa manovyApAra 29 Adi arthoM meM prayukta huA aura anta meM mana sahita jIva saMjJI aura mana rahita jIva asaMjJI isa artha meM saMjJA kA artha sthira ho gayA hai| sArAMza - ukta vyAkhyAoM se saMjJI jIva tIna prakAra ke hote haiM, kintu yahAM para mana kA jo adhikArI hai, vaha dIrghakAlikIsaMjJA kI apekSA se hai| dIrghakAlikIsaMjJA hI mana hai| manolabdhi sampanna jIva manovargaNA ke ananta skaMndhoM ko grahaNa kara manana karatA hai, vaha dIrghakAlikI saMjJA hai| yaha saMjJA manojJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se niSpanna hotI hai| ataH jisa jIva meM dIrghakAlikI saMjJA kA vikAsa hotA hai, vaha saMjJI (samanaska) aura jisameM isakA vikAsa nahIM hotA, vaha asaMjJI (amanaska) hai 37 saMjJA saMjJA kA artha asaMjJI hetuvAdopadezikI iSTa meM pravRti aura dvIndriya se ekendriya aniSTa se nivRti kI zakti samUrchima paMcendriya dIrdhakAlopadezikI vartamAna kAla ke bAda sudIrgha saMjJI paMcendriya dvIndriya se bhUtabhaviSya kAlIna vicAra asaMjJI paMcendriya dRSTivAdopadezikA bhUtakAlika smaraNa aura samyagdRSTi mithyAdRSTi bhaviSyakAlika ciMtanayukta samyagjJAna digambara paramparA meM zvetAmbara paramparA se bheda hai| usameM garbhaja-tiryaMcoM ko saMjJI nahIM mAnakara saMjJI aura asaMjJI mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra sammUrcchima tiryaMca ko kevala asaMjJI nahIM mAnakara saMjJIasaMjJI ubhaya rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isake alAvA zvetAmbara paramparA meM hetuvAdopadezikI Adi saMjJA ke tIna bheda digambara paramparA ke pramukha graMthoM meM dRSTigocara nahIM hote haiN|33 226, savArthasiddhi 2.24, tattvArtharAjavArtika 2.24.5 227. tattvArthazlokavArtika 2.24.2 228. sarvAthasiddhi 2.24 229. tatvArthabhASya 2.25 230. iha dIhakAligI kAligitti saNNA jayA sudiihNpi| saMbharai bhUyamissaM ciMtei ya kiha Nu kAyavvaM / / kAliyasaNNitti tao jassa taI so ya jo mnnojogge| khaMdhe'NaMte ghettuM mannai tllddhisNpnnnno|| viza0bhASya, gAthA 508-509 231. zrI bhikSu Agama zabda koza bhAga 1, pR. 509 232. 'gabbhabhave sammucche dutigaM bhogathalakhacarage doddI' - gommaTasAra (jIvakAMDa) bhAga 1, gAthA 79 233. karmagraMtha bhAga 4, pR. 39 saMjJI

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[248] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 5-6. samyak zruta-mithyA zruta jJAtA evaM upadeSTA ke samyaktvI hone para unakA zruta samyak zruta hotA hai tathA unake mithyAtvI hone para vaha zruta mithyAzruta kahalAtA hai| naMdIsUtra ke anusAra - 1. kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana ke dhAraka, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, bhUta, bhaviSya evaM vartamAna ke jJAtA arihaMta prabhu se praNIta gaNipiTaka rUpa dvAdazAMgI samyakzruta hai|34 jo deva, guru aura dharma kA, navatattva kA, SaDdravya kA samyag anekAntavAda pUrvaka, pUrvApara aviruddha yathArtha samyagjJAna hai, jo zama saMvegAdi ko utpanna karane vAlA, samyak ahiMsA, samyak tapa kI preraNA karane vAlA, bhava-bhramaNa kA nAza karane vAlA aura mokSa pahu~cAne vAlA hai, vaha 'samyakzruta' hai 2. kutsita jJAniyoM evaM mithyAdRSTiyoM dvArA apanI svacchaMda-AdhArahIna buddhi kI kalpanA ke dvArA race gaye zAstra mithyAzruta haiN|35 vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra - AcArAMgAdi aMgapraviSTa aura AvazyakAdi anaMgapraviSTa (aMgabAhya) rUpa zruta ke svAmI kI apekSA ke binA svAbhAvika rUpa se samyak zruta aura laukika mahAbhAratAdi svAbhAvika rUpa se mithyA zruta haiN| kintu samyagdRSTi mithyAzruta ko samyak prakAra se grahaNa karatA hai to vaha usake lie samyak zruta hotA hai| isI prakAra mithyAdRSTi samyak zruta ko mithyA prakAra se grahaNa karatA hai to vaha usake lie mithyAzruta hotA hai|36 samyak zruta ke prakAra tIrthaMkara ke pravacanoM ko sunakara gaNadharoM dvArA grathita bAraha aMgoM vAlA gaNipiTaka 'samyakzruta' hai| vaha isa prakAra se hai - 1. AcArAMga, 2. sUtrakRtAMga, 3. sthAnAMga, 4. samavAyAMga, 5. vyAkhyAprajJapti (upanAma-bhagavatI), 6. jJAtAdharmakathA, 7. upAsakadasA, 8. antakRddazA, 9. anuttaraupapAtikadazA, 10. praznavyAkaraNa, 11. vipAka, 12. dRSTivAda 37 prazna - kyA aMgasUtra hI samyakzruta haiM, zeSa nahIM? uttara - ye bAraha sUtra, aMga ke antargata hone se mUlabhUta evaM pradhAna haiM, ataH inakA yahA~ ullekha kiyA hai| vaise aMgabAhya jo Avazyaka Adi Agama haiM, ve bhI 'samyakzruta' haiN| jinabhadragaNi Adi AcAryoM ne aMgabAhya ko bhI samyak zruta svIkAra kiyA hai 238 mithyAzruta ke prakAra naMdIsUtra meM apekSA vizeSa se vyAsa racita bhArata, vAlmIki racita rAmAyaNa, bhImAsura racita zAstra, trairAzika-gozAlaka mata ke graMtha, cArvAka mata ke graMtha Adi ko 'kuprAvacanika zAstra' yA mithyAzruta kahA haiN|39 samyak zruta ke racayitA chadmastha kI apekSA - caudaha pUrva ke jJAtA athavA kama se kama abhinna-pUrNa, dasa pUrva ke jJAtA kI racanA samyak zruta meM pariNata hotI hai tathA dasa pUrva se kama jJAniyoM kI racanA samyakzruta meM pariNata ho bhI sakatI aura nahIM bhI 40 234. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 214 235. se kiM taM micchAsuyaM? micchAsuyaM jaM imaM aNNANiehi micchAdiTThiehiM scchNdbuddhimivigppiyN| - pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 216 236. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 527 237. naMdIsUtra, pR. 152 238. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 527, naMdIcUrNi pR. 77, hAribhadrIya pR. 78, malayagiri pR. 193, jainatarkabhASA pR. 23 239. naMdIsUtra, pR. 155 240. icceyaM duvAlasaMgaM gaNipiDagaM coddasapubvissa sammasuyaM, abhiNNadasapuvvissa sammasuyaM, teNa paraM bhiNNesu bhynnaa| naMdIsUtra, pR. 152

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [249] pariNati kI apekSA - isa prakAra kA yaha bAraha aMgoM vAlA gaNipiTaka, caudaha pUrviyoM ke lie samyakzruta hai, unase utarate-utarate yAvat abhinna-pUrNa dasa pUrviyoM ke lie bhI samyakzruta hai, kyoMki aise jJAnI jIva, niyama se samyagdRSTi hI hote haiN| ataeva ve isa zruta ko samyak rUpa meM hI pariNata karate haiN|41 jinadAsagaNi, malayagiri ne terahapUrvI, bArahapUrvI, gyArahapUrvI Adi pUrvadharoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai|42 jo dasa pUrva se kama ke pAThI hote haiM, unake lie yaha samyakzruta bhI ho sakatA hai aura mithyAzruta bhI ho sakatA hai| jo mithyAdRSTi hote haiM, ve mithyAdRSTi rahate hue kabhI pUrNa dasa pUrva nahIM sIkha pAte, kyoMki mithyAdRSTi avasthA kA svabhAva hI aisA hai| jaise abhavyajIva, graMthideza ke nikaTa Akara bhI graMthibheda nahIM kara pAtA, vaise hI mithyAdRSTi jIva, zruta sIkhate-sIkhate kucha kama dasa pUrva taka hI sIkha pAtA hai, pUre dasa pUrva Adi nahIM sIkha paataa| samyakdRSTi ke lie AcArAMga se lekara abhinna dazapUrvadhara ke sabhI zruta sthAna samyak zruta aura mithyAdRSTi ke lie mithyAzruta haiN|243 prazna - zruta sIkhanA to jJAnAvaraNIya ke kSayopazama se hotA hai, to mithyAdRSTi navaveM pUrva kI tIsarI AcAra vastu se Age kyoM nahIM sIkha pAtA hai? uttara - jJAna sIkhane meM mukhya kAraNa to jJAnAvaraNIya kA kSayopazama hI hai, lekina mithyAtvamohanIya use zuddha nahIM hone detaa| jaise pAnI meM dUdha milA huA ho to usameM dhundhalApana rahatA hai, ataH amuka padArtha usa pAnI ke nIce rahate hue dhundhale dikhate haiN| isI prakAra dazapUNe taka kA jJAna to use dhundhalA dikhatA hai| mithyAtva haTe binA dasa pUrvo ke Upara kA jJAna honA sambhava nahIM hai| abhavI aura bhavI ke pAriNAmika bhAvoM meM antara hone se kSayopazama meM bhI antara hotA hai| abhavI ke pAriNAmika bhAvoM meM navaveM pUrva kI tIsarI AcAra vastu se adhika kSayopazama kA vikAsa nahIM hotA hai evaM mithyAtvI bhavI ke apUrNa dazapUrvo se adhika kSayopazama kA vikAsa nahIM hotA hai| mithyAzruta samyakdRSTi ke kisa rUpa meM hote haiM mithyAdRSTi mithyAzruta ko mithyArUpa se hI grahaNa karate haiM, ata: unake lie ye mithyAzruta hI haiN| kintu samyagdRSTi mithyAzruta ko samyakzruta rUpa meM grahaNa kare to unake lie ye bhI samyakzruta haiN| bahattara kalAeM Adi mithyAdRSTi ke mithyArUpa meM pariNata hone ke kAraNa mithyAzruta hote haiM aura samyaktvI ke samyak rUpa meM pariNata hone ke kAraNa samyak zruta hote haiN| kucheka mithyAdRSTi unhIM zAstroM se prerita hokara apane Agraha ko chor3ate haiM 244 isalie mithyAdRSTi ke bhI ye samyak zruta ho sakate haiM, kyoMki unakI samyaktva prApti meM ye hetu banate haiN| naMdIcUrNi245 meM isa sambandha meM cAra bhaMga prApta hote haiM - 1. samyakzruta samyakzruta rUpa - "sammasutaM sammadiTThiNo sammasutaM ceva" samyagdRSTi ke lie samyakzruta samyakzruta rUpa hai arthAt jIva apane samyaktva guNa ke kAraNa paDhe zruta ko samyak rUpa meM grahaNa karatA hai| 241. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 534 242. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 77, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti,pR. 193 243. teNaM paraM ti abhiNNadasapuvvehito......micchasutaM bhvti| - naMdIcUrNi pR. 77, malayagiri naMdIvRtti, pR. 193 244. eyAI micchAdiTThissa micchattapariggahiyAI micchaasuyN| eyAI ceva sammadiTThissa sammattapariggahiyAiM smmsuyN| ahavA micchadiTThissa vi eyAI ceva sammasuyaM kamhA? sammattaheuttaNao, jamhA te micchadiTThiyA tehiM ceva samaehiM coiyA samANA kei sapakkhadiTThio cyNti| - naMdIsUtra, pR. 155 245. naMdIcUNi, pR. 79

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[250] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ____ 2. samyakzruta mithyAzruta rUpa - "sammasutaM micchadiTThiNo micchasutaM' mithyAdRSTi ke lie samyakzruta mithyAzruta rUpa hai arthAt jIva ke mithyAdRSTi ke kAraNa samyak zruta bhI mithyArUpa meM pariNata hote haiN| 3. mithyAzruta samyakzruta rUpa - "micchasutaM sammadiTThiNo sammasutaM" samyagdRSTi ke lie mithyAzruta samyakzruta rUpa hai arthAt jIva ke samyaktva guNa ke kAraNa mithyA zruta bhI samyak rUpa meM pariNita hote haiN| 4. mithyAzruta mithyAzruta rUpa - "micchasutaM micchadiTThiNo micchasutaM" mithyAdRSTi ke lie mithyAzruta mithyAzruta rUpa hai arthAt jIva apane mithyA guNa ke kAraNa paDhe zruta ko mithyA rUpa meM grahaNa karatA hai| samyaktva ke bhedoM kA svarUpa jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ne samyaka zruta ke prasaMga para hI aupazamika, sAsvAdana, kSAyopazamika, vedaka aura kSAyika, ina pAMcoM samyaktva kA ullekha kiyA hai| maladhArI hemacandra ne bRhadvRtti meM inake svarUpa kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai, jo ki nimna prakAra se hai| 1. aupazamika samakita mithyAtvamohanIyakarma kA upazama antamuhUrta kAla taka rahane se jo tattva ruci hotI hai, vaha aupazamika samakita hai 46 upazama samakita tIna prakAra ke jIvoM ko prApta hotI hai - 1. upazama zreNi prApta jIva ko, 2. anAdi mithyAtvI jisane mithyAtvamohanIya ke tIna puMja nahIM kiye (jisane mithyAtva mohanIya karma ko zuddha, azuddha aura mizra rUpa meM vibhAjita nahIM kiyA hai) usako, 3. jisane mithyAtva kA kSaya nahIM kiyA usako upazama samakita kI prApti hotI hai| tripuMja - anAdi mithyAdRSTi jIva vizuddhi prApta karake apUrvakaraNa meM mithyAtva mohanIya ke dalikoM ko zuddha, azuddha aura arddhazuddha rUpa meM vibhAjita karatA hai, yaha vibhAjana hI tripuMja kahalAtA hai| inameM se zuddhapuMja samyaktvapuMja, azuddhapuMja mithyAtvapuMja aura arddhazuddhapuMja mizrapuMja kahalAtA hai| ye tIna puMja karake jo samyaktva puMja kA vipAkodaya se anubhava karatA hai, vaha kSAyopazamika samyaktvI kahalAtA hai| jisane ye tIna puMja kiye haiM vaha samyaktvI hai, (atra tripuMjI darzanI samyagdarzanItyarthaH) kyoMki vaha samyaktva pudgala kA vedana karatA hai| ina tInoM meM se koI jIva samyaktvapuMja kI udvelanA karatA haiM, to mizrapuMja kA vedana karate hue vaha mizradRSTi kahalAtA hai| jisane mizrapuMja kI bhI udvelanA kara dI hai, vaha mithyAtvapuMja kA vedana karate hue mithyAdRSTi kahalAtA hai|47 upazama samakita kI prApti - koI anAdi mithyAdRSTi jIva yathApravRttikaraNa se Ayu karma ko chor3akara zeSa sAta karmoM kI dIrgha sthiti ko kSaya karate hue karmoM kI sthiti ko antaH koTAkoTI pramANa karatA hai| apUrvakaraNa se graMthi bheda karatA huA anivRttikaraNa karatA hai| anivRttikaraNa meM vaha udayagata mithyAtva kA kSaya karatA hai aura sattA meM rahe hue mithyAtva ke dalikoM ko vizuddhi se antarmuhUrta taka udaya ke ayogya banA detA hai| isa antarmuhUrta meM jIva ko upazama samakita kI prApti hotI hai| antarmaharta kA kAla pUrA hone para tripuMja nahIM kiye hone ke kAraNa jIva puna: mithyAtva ke udaya ke kAraNa upazama samakita se bhraSTa hokara mithyAtva meM calA jAtA hai| 246. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 528 kI bRhadvRtti bhAvArtha 247. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 529 kI bRhadvRtti kA bhAvArtha

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [251] siddhAntavAdI ke mata se anAdi mithyAdRSTi jIva tathAvidha sAmagrI milane para apUrvakaraNa meM tInapuMja karake samakita mohanIya rUpa zuddha pudgala ko vedate hue upazama samakita ko prApta karane se pahale kSayopazama samakitI hotA hai|48 kucha AcAryoM kA mAnanA hai ki yathApravRttyAdi tIna karaNa karatA huA jIva antarakaraNa meM upazamasamakita prApta karatA hai, lekina tIna puMja nahIM karatA hai| upazama samakita se bhraSTa huA jIva mithyAtva ko hI prApta karatA hai| isakA samarthana kalpabhASya meM bhI kiyA hai| karmagraMtha ke anusAra anAdi mithyAdRSTi jIva yathApravRttyAdi tIna karaNa aura tIna puMja karatA huA upazama samakita prApta karatA hai| upazama samakita kI sthiti antarmuhUrta hai| usake pUrNa hone para jIva yA to kSAyopazama samakita prApta karatA hai, yA mizradRSTi athavA mithyAdRSTi bana jAtA hai 49 2. sAsvAdana samakita mithyAtva kA udaya nahIM hote hue anantAnubaMdhI kaSAya ke udaya mAtra se kaluSita hue AtmapariNAma tattvazraddhAnarUpa rasa ke AsvAdana se sAsvAdana samyaktva rUpa hai| athavA jo samasta prakAra se (muktimArga se) bhraSTa karatI hai, vaha AzAtana (anaMtAnubaMdhIkaSAya kA vedana), sahita hotI hai, vaha sAzAtanA (sAsAdaNa) samyaktva kahalAtI hai| isakA kAla chaha AvalikA kA hai|50 upazama samakita ke antarmuhUrta kAla meM jaghanya eka samaya aura utkRSTa chaha AvalikA zeSa rahane para anantAnubaMdhI kaSAya kA udaya hone se aupazamikasamyaktva se gire hue jIva ko jaba taka mithyAtva kI prApti nahIM ho taba taka rahane vAlI samyaktva sAsvAdana hai| 3. kSAyopazamika samakita udaya prApta mithyAtvamohanIya kA kSaya aura anudaya kA upazama, aise mithyAtva kA kSaya aura upazama ubhaya rUpa hone para jo tattvazraddhAna hotA hai, vaha kSayopazama samakita rUpa hai| jisameM samyaktva mohanIya kA vedana hotA hai|52 zaMkA - kSAyopazamasamakita meM udaya prApta mithyAtva kA kSaya aura anudaya prApta kA upazama batAyA hai| aisA hI lakSaNa upazama samakita meM bhI kiyA gayA hai, to donoM meM kyA antara hai? samAdhAna - kSayopazamika samakita meM samyaktva mohanIya rUpa zuddha puMja ke pudgaloM kA vedana hotA hai| jabaki upazama samakita meM kisI bhI puMja kA vedana nahIM hotA hai| upazama samakita meM mithyAtva ke dalikoM kA pradezodaya nahIM hotA hai, lekina kSAyopazamika samakita meM mithyAtva ke dalikoM kA pradezodaya hotA hai| yaha donoM meM antara hai|253 4. vedaka samakita darzana saptaka (antAnubaMdhI cauka, mithyAtva, mizra aura samakita mohanIya) kA bahuta bhAga kSaya kiye hue jIva ke jaba darzana mohanIya kA aMtima aMza anubhava (vedana) hotA hai to vaha vedaka samakita kahalAtI hai| zaMkA - kSayopazamasamakita meM bhI samyaktva mohanIya kA vedana hotA hai, to donoM meM kyA antara hai? samAdhAna - kSayopazamasamakita meM to samasta zuddha puMja ke udaya kA anubhava 248. saiddhAMtikAnAM tAvadetad mataM yaduta-anAdimithyAdRSTiH ko'pi tathAvidha sAmagrIsadbhAve'pUrvakaraNena puMjatrayaM kRtvA zuddhapuMjapudgalAn vedayannaupazamikaM samyaktvamalabdhvaiva prathamata eva kssaayopshmiksmygdRssttirbhvti| - maladhArI hemacandra, bRhavRtti,gAthA 530, pR. 242 249. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 530 evaM bRhadvRtti 250. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 528 evaM bRhadvRtti 251, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 531 evaM bRhadvRtti 252. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 528 evaM bRhavRtti 253. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 532 evaM bRhavRtti 254. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 528 evaM bRhadvRtti

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[252] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana (vedana) hotA hai aura vedaka samakita meM zuddha puMja ke aMtima aMza kA anubhava hotA hai| yahI donoM meM antara hai| vAstavika rUpa se to vedaka samakita bhI kSayopazama samakita hI hai| anya sthaloM para samyaktva ke tIna hI prakAra prApta hote haiM -kSAyika, aupazamika aura kssaayopshmik| vahA~ para vedaka kA samAveza kSayopazama samakita meM kiyA jAtA hai|255 5. kSAyika samakita darzana mohanIya kI sAtoM prakRtiyoM (antAnubaMdhI cauka, mithyAtva, mizra aura samakita mohanIya) kA kSaya hone para jo tattvazraddhAna hotA hai, vaha kSAyika samakita hai 56 isa prakAra pAMca prakAra ke samyaktvoM meM se kisI bhI samyaktva vAle dvArA grahaNa kiyA huA zruta samyak zruta aura mithyAtva se grahaNa kiyA huA zruta mithyAzruta hai|57 matyAdi pAMca jJAnoM meM kitane jJAna mithyArUpa hote haiM __ zaMkA - jisa prakAra zruta meM kucha samyakzruta hai aura kucha mithyAzruta hai, isI prakAra zeSa cAra jJAnoM meM mithyAtva ke udaya se kisameM viparyAsa (viparIta, ajJAna rUpa) hotA hai aura kisameM nahIM? samAdhAna - caudahapUrvI se sampUrNa dazapUrvI taka kA zruta niyama se samyak zruta hai| bhinna dazapUrvI (sampUrNa dazapUrva se kama) se sAmAyika paryanta sabhI zrutasthAna samyagdRSTi ke lie samyak zruta aura mithyAdRSTi ke lie mithyAzruta hai| zruta ke alAvA cAra jJAnoM meM se mati aura avadhijJAna mithyAtva ke udaya se viparItapane arthAt ajJAna (mithyA) rUpa hote haiM, inako mati ajJAna aura vibhaMgajJAna kahA jAtA hai| lekina mana:paryAya aura kevalajJAna kA kabhI bhI viparyAsa nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki mana:paryavajJAna apramatta sAdhu aura kevalajJAna cAra ghAtikarma naSTa kevalI ke hotA hai| ataH manaHparyavajJAnI aura kevalajJAnI ke mithyAtva kA udaya nahIM hotA hai|258 samyaktva aura zrutajJAna meM antara samyaktvapUrvaka grahaNa kiyA huA zruta samyak zruta hai| ataH yahA~ samyaktva aura samyaktva zruta meM antara spaSTa karanA Avazyaka hai| jisa prakAra jJAna aura darzana meM thor3A-sA bheda hai, apAya aura dhAraNA bodhAtmaka hone se jJAna rUpa haiM aura avagraha tathA IhA sAmAnya bodhAtmaka hone se darzana rUpa haiN| usI prakAra jIvAditattvoM meM zraddhA (ruci) samyaktva hai aura jisase jIvAdi tattva kI zraddhA hotI hai, vaha zrutajJAna hai arthAt darzanamohanIya karma ke kSayopazama se tattva zraddhAtmaka ruci utpanna hotI hai aura usa ruci se jIvAdi tattva zraddhAtmaka viziSTa zruta hotA hai| zaMkA - isase to phira viziSTa tattvAvabodha zruta hI samyaktva hogA, anya nhiiN| samAdhAna - jJAna aura darzana meM vastu avabodha rUpa jAnanA samAna hote hue bhI vizeSa grAhaka aura sAmAnya grAhaka se bheda hai| usI prakAra zuddhatattvAvabodha rUpa zruta meM tattva zraddhAna aMza samyaktva hai aura yaha samyaktva zruta tattvabodha zruta jJAna hai| yahI donoM meM antara hai| dUsarA antara inameM kArya aura kAraNa kI apekSA se hai, jaise ki dIpaka aura prakAza eka sAtha hI utpanna hote hue bhI unameM kArya aura kAraNa se bheda hai, vaise hI samyaktva aura zrutajJAna eka sAtha hote haiM phira bhI samyaktva zrutajJAna kA kAraNa hai|59 255. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 533 evaM bRhadvRtti 257. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 533 evaM bRhavRtti 259. vizeSAvazyakabhASyA gAthA 535-536 evaM bRhadvRtti 256. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 528 evaM bRhadvRtti 258. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 534 evaM bRhadvRtti

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [253] 7-10. sAdi zruta, anAdi zruta, sAdi saparyavasita zruta aura anAdi aparyavasita zruta ____ jo zruta Adi sahita hai, vaha sAdizruta hai| jo zruta anta sahita hai, vaha saparyavasita zruta hai| jo zruta Adi rahita hai, vaha anAdizruta hai| jo zruta anta rahita hai, vaha aparyavasita zruta hai| naMdIsUtra aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM sAdi-saparyavasitazruta aura anAdi-aparyavasitazruta kA nirUpaNa naya, dravyAdi aura bhavyajIva kI apekSA se huA hai| naya kI apekSA se sAdi-saparyavasitazruta aura anAdi-aparyavasitazruta ko naya kI apekSA se samajhAte hue jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki dravyAstika (nityavAdI) naya kI apekSA se dvAdazAMgI zruta paMcAstikAya ke samAna anAdi-ananta hai| kyoMki jIvadravya ne zruta jAnA thA, jAnatA hai aura jAnegA, usa jIvadravya kA kabhI nAza nahIM hogaa| isa apekSA se zruta anAdi ananta hai| paryAyAstika (anityavAdI) naya kI apekSA se yaha dvAdazAMgI zruta jIva kI nArakAdi paryAya kI apekSA se anitya hone se sAdi-sAnta hai|60 naMdIsUtra ke TIkAkAroM ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai|261 dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se ___naMdIsUtra ko AdhAra banAte hue jinabhadragaNi ne sAdi-saparyavasitazruta aura anAdi-aparyavasitazruta kA dravyAdi kI apekSA se bhI varNana kiyA hai 62 yaha varNana eka jIva aura bahuta jIvoM kI apekSA se hai| dravya se - 1. eka puruSa kI apekSA zruta sAdi saparyavasita hai263 zruta eka puruSa kI apekSA sAdi saparyavasita hai, kyoMki eka puruSa kI apekSA samyakzruta kA AraMbha aura vyavaccheda hotA hai arthAt eka puruSa ko samyaktva kI prApti hotI hai, taba usake AcArAMga Adi samyakzruta kA AraMbha hotA hai aura punaH yadi vaha mithyAtva meM calA jAtA hai athavA use kevalajJAna ho jAtA hai, to usake samyakzruta kA vyavaccheda ho jAtA hai athavA jaba samyaktvI puruSa, AcArAMga Adi samyakzruta sIkhatA hai, taba usake samyakzruta kA AraMbha hotA hai aura jaba vaha pramAda, roga, mRtyu Adi kAraNoM se use bhUla jAtA hai, to usake usa sIkhe hue samyakzruta kA vyavaccheda ho jAtA hai| isake lie jinabhadragaNi ne mukhya rUpa se pAMca hetu diye haiM - 1. mithyAdarzana meM gamana 2. bhavAntara meM gamana 3. kevalajJAna kI utpatti 4. roga 5. pramAda athavA vismRti 64 aisA hI ullekha naMdIcUrNi Adi meM bhI prApta hotA hai| jinadAsagaNi Adi AcArya saparyavasita ke uparAMta zruta ke Aditva kI bhI spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki puruSa ke saMdarbha meM sarvaprathama zruta sIkhane se zruta sAdi hotA hai| haribhadra kahate haiM ki isake bAda samyaktva prApti se bhI zruta sAdi banatA hai| malayagiri kA bhI lagabhaga aisA hI mata hai 65 2. bahuta puruSoM kI apekSA samyakzruta anAdi aparyavasita hai, kyoMki bahuta puruSoM kI apekSA arthAt nAraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura devagati meM vividha samyagdRSTi jIvoM ke samyakzruta tInoM kAla meM 260. se kiM taM sAiyaM sapajjavasiyaM, aNAiyaM apajjavasiyaM ca? icceiyaM duvAlasaMgaM gaNipiDagaM vuccittiNayaTThayAe sAiyaM sapajjavasiyaM avucchittiNayaTThayAe aNAiyaM apjjvsiyN| - naMdIsUtra, pR. 157, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 537 261. naMdIcUrNi pR. 81, hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 84, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 195 262. taM samAsao cauvvihaM paNNattaM, taM jahA-davvao, khittao, kAlao, bhaavo| - naMdIsUtra, pR. 157 263. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 538 264. vizeSAvazkabhASya gAthA 539-540 265. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 540, naMdIcUrNi pR. 81, hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 84, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 196

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[254] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana hotA hai| usakA AraMbha aura vyavaccheda nahIM hotA, kAraNa ki anAdi bhUtakAla meM aneka jIva samyaktva, zikSaNa Adi se AcArAMga Adi samyakzruta prApta karate hI Aye haiM aura ananta bhaviSyakAla taka prApta karate hI rheNge| zaMkA - zruta ko sAdi-sAnta batAyA hai, to zruta kA nAza kaise hotA hai? zruta jIva se bhinna hai yA abhinn| yadi bhinna ho to zrata kA nAza ho sakatA hai| Apa zrata ko jIva se bhinna mAna rahe haiM to jaise ki aMdhA manuSya dIpaka ke prakAza se bhI padArtha (artha) ko dekha nahIM sakatA hai| usI prakAra zrutajJAna hote hue bhI jIva zrutasvabhAva se rahita hone se nitya ajJAnI hI hotA hai arthAt zruta kI upasthiti meM bhI ajJAna kA prasaMga A jAegA 66 samAdhAna - zrutajJAna ajIva svabhAva vAlA nahIM hai| lekina jIva svabhAva vAlA hone se avazya hI jIva hai, lekina jIva zruta hI hai, aisA nhiiN| kyoMki jIva ko zrutajJAna hotA hai, zrutaajJAna hotA hai, mati-avadhi-mana:paryava, kevalajJAna athavA matiajJAna aura vibhaMgajJAna hotA hai|67 zaMkA - zruta jIva kA svabhAva hone se jIva hai| taba zruta kA nAza hone para jIva kA bhI nAza prApta hogaa| samAdhAna - jIva utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya dharmavAlA hone se usakA sarvathA nAza nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki eka ora se zrutajJAnaparyAya kA nAza hote hue bhI dUsarI ora se zrutaajJAnaparyAya kA udbhava hotA hai| jIva anya ananta paryAyoM se bhI yukta hone se nitya dhruva rahatA hai|268 kevala AtmA hI utpAda, vyaya aura dhruva svabhAva vAlI hai, aisA nahIM, lekina saMsAra meM ghaTa, paTa, stambha Adi sabhI vastueM aise hI svabhAva vAlI haiN| kyoMki sabhI vastueM pratyeka samaya utpanna hotI haiM, nAza ko prApta hotI haiM aura dhruvapane se nitya bhI rahatI haiN| isa prakAra se vastusvabhAva hone se hI sukha-duHkha, baMdha, mokSa Adi kA sadbhAva ghaTita hotA hai, isake alAvA ghaTita nahIM hotA hai|69 isa prasaMga para TIkAkAra maladhArI hemacandra ne vastu ko ekAMta nitya, sahakArI aura ekAMta anitya mAnane vAloM kA vistAra ke khaMDana kiyA hai 70 kSetra se - 1. pA~ca bharata, pA~ca airavata kI apekSA samyakzruta sAdi saparyavasita hai, kyoMki ina kSetroM meM samyakzruta kA AraMbha aura vyavaccheda hotA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ina kSetroM meM utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI rUpa kAlacakra sadA ghUmatA rahatA hai| jisase una-una AroM meM zruta kI Adi hokara una-una AroM meM zruta kA vyavaccheda ho jAtA hai| jaise ki ina kSetroM meM prathama tIrthaMkara ke samaya meM dvAdazAMgI rUpa zruta kI Adi hotI hai aura aMtima tIrthaMkara kA zAsana viccheda hote hI zruta kA bhI anta ho jAtA hai| 2. pA~ca mahAvideha kSetra kI apekSA samyakzruta anAdi aparyavasita hai, kyoMki ina kSetroM meM samyakzruta kA AraMbha aura vyavaccheda nahIM hotA, kyoMki ina kSetroM meM utsarpiNI avasarpiNI rUpa kAlacakra bhI nahIM ghuumtaa| vahA~ sadA cauthe duHSama-suSamA Are ke samAna avasthita kAla rahatA hai| jisase zruta kA zAzvata pravartana cAlU rahatA hai| kAla se - 1. bharata aivata kSetra meM kAla kI apekSA samyakzruta sAdi saparyavasita hai, kyoMki ina kAloM meM samyakzruta kA AraMbha aura vyavaccheda hotA hai| yathA-utsarpiNI meM jaba 266. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 540-541 268. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 543 270. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 544 kI bRhavRtti 267. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 542 269. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 544

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [255] duHSama-suSamA nAmaka tIsarA ArA hotA hai taba se tIrthaMkara janma lete haiM aura AcArAMga Adi zrutajJAna kA pravartana karate haiM, taba samyakzruta kA AraMbha hotA hai aura jaba suSama-duHSamA nAmaka cauthA ArA kucha bIta jAtA hai aura tIrthaMkarAdi kA abhAva ho jAtA hai, taba AcArAMga Adi zrutajJAna kA vyavaccheda ho jAtA hai tathA avasarpiNI meM jaba suSama-duHSamA nAmaka tIsarA ArA kucha zeSa rahatA hai, taba se tIrthaMkara janma lete haiM aura AcArAMga Adi zrutajJAna kA pravartana karate haiM, taba samyakzruta kA AraMbha hotA hai tathA duSamA nAmaka pA~caveM Are meM jaba sAdhu Adi kA abhAva ho jAtA hai, taba AcArAMga Adi zrutajJAna kA viccheda ho jAtA hai| 2. 'nahIM-utsarpiNI, nahIM-avasarpiNI' rUpa mahAvideha kSetra ke kAla kI apekSA samyakzruta anAdi aparyavasita hai, kyoMki isameM samyakzruta kA AraMbha aura vyavaccheda nahIM hotaa| mahAvideha kSetra meM sadA cauthe duHSama-suSamA Are ke samAna kAla rahatA hai, ataeva vahA~ sadA zrutapradAtA tIrthaMkarAdi kA sadbhAva rahatA hai aura zruta sIkhane vAle sAdhu Adi kI vidyamAnatA rahatI hai| bhAva se - 1. arihaMta kathita bhAvoM kA jaba-jaba nirUpaNa AraMbha kiyA jAtA hai, taba-taba una-una prAraMbhika tathA antima bhAvoM kI apekSA samyakzruta sAdi saparyavasita hai arthAt upayoga kI apekSA samyakzruta sAdi saparyavasita hai, kyoMki upayoga kA AraMbha aura vyavaccheda hotA hai| jaisejaba jinezvara prajJapta bhAvoM kA kathana AraMbha kiyA jAtA hai, taba una bhAvoM ke prati upayoga kA AraMbha hotA hai aura jaba una bhAvoM kA kathana samApta kiyA jAtA hai, taba una bhAvoM ke prati upayoga kA vyavaccheda ho jAtA hai / jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra prajJApaka kI apekSA dvAdazAMga sAdi saparyavasita hotA hai| isake cAra hetu batAye haiM - 1. zruta kA upayoga 2. svara, dhvani, 3. prayatna - tAlu Adi kA vyApAra 4. Asana (aMgavinyAsa) ye dharma prarUpaka guru meM hote haiN| prajJApaka ke bhAva kI paryAya badalate rahate haiN| isa parivartana kI apekSA dvAdazAMga ko sAdi saparyavasita kahA jAtA hai| prajJApanIya bhAva kI apekSA se bhI dvAdazAMga sAdi saparyavasita hotA hai| isake aneka heta batAye haiM, yathA gati, sthiti, bheda, saMghAta varNa Adi zabdAdi dharma prarUpaNIya padArthoM meM hote hai| ye sabhI dharma anitya hote haiM kyoMki prarUpaNIya padArtha paryAya kI dRSTi se utpanna aura vinaSTa hote rahate haiM aura abhidheya artha kI gati, sthiti. eka pradezAdi avagAha aura eka varNa Adi paryAya meM badalatA rahatA hai, isase zruta sAdisaparyavasita hai 72 aisA hI ullekha naMdIcUrNi (pR.81), hAribhadrIya naMdIvRtti (pR.84), malayagiri vRtti (pR.193) meM prApta hotA hai| 2. kSAyopazamika bhAva kI apekSA zruta anAdi-aparyavasita hai| kyoMki vividha jIvoM kI apekSA se koI na koI jIva zrutajJAna meM hotA hI hai| mahAvideha meM pravAha kI apekSA se zruta nitya hone se aura AkAzAdi abhidheya nitya hone se zruta anAdi-aparyavasita hai| naMdI ke TIkAkAroM ne AkAzAdi abhidheya ke sivAya zeSa varNana jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ke anusAra hI kiyA hai 73 zruta ke pahale mati hotA hai isa niyama se to mati ke bAda zruta kI prApti hone se vaha hamezA sAdi banA rahatA hai aura jisakI Adi hai usakA aMta hone se usakA anAdi-aparyavasita bhaMga 271. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 546 evaM TIkA 272. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 546 evaM TIkA 273. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 548, naMdIcUrNi pR. 82, hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 86, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 198

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[256] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ghaTita nahIM hogA? isakA uttara pUjyapAda dete haiM ki dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI dRSTi se sAmAnya ke saMdarbha meM zruta anAdi-aparyavasita hai| aura vizeSa kI apekSA vaha sAdi-saparyavasita hai| akalaMka ne bhI isakA samarthana kiyA hai|74 bhavI-abhavI jIva kI apekSA se jinabhadragaNi ne bhavI aura abhavI jIva kI apekSA se bhI zruta kI Adi aura aMta kI vicAraNA kA ullekha kiyA hai| samyakzruta aura mithyAzruta donoM kI apekSA zruta ke cAra bhaMga nimna prakAra se hai - 1. sAdi-saparyavasita, 2. sAdi-aparyavasita 3. anAdi-saparyavasita aura 4. anAdi-aparyavasita 75 1. sAdi-saparyavasita - dravya se eka puruSa kI apekSA se upuryakta jo varNana kiyA gayA hai, vaha prathama bhaMga ke anusAra hI hai| 2. sAdi-asaparyavasita -zruta kA sAdi aparyavasita bhaMga zUnya hai, kyoMki vaha mithyAzruta yA samyakzruta kisI meM bhI ghaTita nahIM hotaa| malayagiri ne isa kA kAraNa batAte hue kahA hai ki Adi yukta samyakzruta athavA mithyAzruta kA kAlAntara meM bhI avazya aMta hotA hI hai|76 3. anAdi-saparyavasita - bhavasiddhika anAdi mithyAdRSTi jIva ke mithyAzruta kA kabhI AraMbha nahIM huA aura bhavI hone se avazya samyaktva aura kevalajJAna paayegaa| ataeva usake mithyAzruta kA viccheda avazya hogaa| 4. anAdi-aparyavasita - yaha cauthA bhaMga abhavI jIva kI apekSA se hai| kabhI bhI mokSa meM na jAne vAle (mithyAdRSTi) jIva kA mithyAzruta anAdi aparyavasita hai, kyoMki vaha anAdi mithyAdRSTi hone se usake mithyAzruta kA kabhI AraMbha nahIM huA (sadA se sAtha lagA hai) aura vaha sadAkAla mithyAdRSTi hI rahegA, ataeva usake mithyAzruta kA kabhI vyavaccheda nahIM hotaa| yaha bhaMga eka aura aneka abhavI jIvoM kI apekSA se ghaTita hotA hai| naMdIsUtra meM sAdi-saparyavasita aura anAdi aparyavasita ina do hI bhaMgoM kA ullekha hai, jabaki bhASyakAra jinabhadragaNi ne cAra bhaMgoM kA ullekha kiyA hai tathA bAda vAle AcAryoM ne bhI jinabhadragaNi kA anusaraNa kiyA hai 78 yazovijayajI ne dravyAdi kI apekSA se vicAra kiyA hai| bhavya jIva aura naya kI apekSA se nahIM 79 sAdi saparyavasita bhaMga samyakuzruta kI apekSA se tathA zeSa do bhaMga mithyAzruta kI apekSA se haiM athavA anAdi aparyavasita bhaMga abhavI jIva kI apekSA se tathA zeSa do bhaMga bhavI jIva kI apekSA se haiN| dvAdazAMgI gaNipaTika ko naMdIsUtra meM dhruva, nitya, zAzvata batAyA hai| isI apekSA se haribhadrAdi AcAryoM ne dvAdazAMgI ko anAdi-aparyavasita kahA hai280 tathA jinabhadragaNi Adi AcAryoM ne samyakmithyAzruta kI vicAraNA meM aMgapraviSTa ke sAtha aMgabAhya kA grahaNa kiyA hai|281 isase spaSTa hotA hai ki aMgapraviSTa aMgabAhya anAdi-aparyavasita tathA zeSa zruta sAdi-saparyavasita hai| 274. sarvArthasiddhi 1.20, tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.20.7 275. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 544 kI bRhavRtti, pR. 251 276. malayagiri pR. 198 277. ahavA bhavasiddhiyassa suyaM sAiyaM sapajjavasiyaM ca, abhavasiddhiyassa suyaM aNAiyaM apajjavasiyaM c|-nNdiisuutr, pR. 157 278. naMdIcUrNi pR. 81, hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 86, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 198 279. jainatarkabhASA pR. 24 280. naMdIsUtra pR. 204, hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 120, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 248 281. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 527, naMdIcUrNi pR. 77, hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 78, malayagiri pR. 193, jainatarkabhASA pR. 23

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [257] 11-12. gamika zruta-agamika zruta pATha racanA zailI ke AdhAra para zruta ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM - gamika aura agmik| arthaparijJAna ke prakAra ko gama kahate haiN|282 naMdIsUtra ke anusAra - Adi, madhya aura anta meM kiMcit vizeSatA ke sAtha punaH-punaH usI sadRza sUtrapATha kA uccAraNa gama kahalAtA hai| jisameM gama/sadRza pATha ho, vaha gamika hai| dRSTivAda gamika zruta hai 83 dRSTivAda kA bahubhAga prAyaH sadRza gamaka (sarIkhe sUtrapATha) vAlA hai| jisa zruta meM bahuta bhinnatA lie naye asadRza gamaka (sUtrapATha) Ate haiM, usa zruta ko 'agamika' kahate haiN| kAlika sUtra agamika hai, kyoMki AcArAMga Adi sUtroM kA bahubhAga asadRza gamaka vAlA hai| vizeSAvazyabhASya ke anusAra - jisa zruta meM bhaMga aura gaNita bahulatA se ho athavA jisameM samAna pATha bahuta adhika ho vaha gamika zruta hai, aisA prAyaH dRSTivAda meM hotA hai| jisameM prAyaH gAthA, zloka, veSTaka Adi athavA asamAna pATha hote haiM, vaha agamika zruta hai| aisA prAyaH kAlika zruta meM hotA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne gama ke tIna artha kie hai - bhaMga, gaNitAdi viSaya aura sadRza pATha,284 AvazyakacUrNi meM ina tInoM ke artha ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai - 1. bhaMga gamika - eka bhaMga, do bhaMga, tIna bhaMga aadi| 2. gaNita gamika - eka jIvA aura dhanupRSTha ke gaNita ke anusAra anya jIvA aura dhanupRSTha kA bhI gaNita kara lenA caahie| 3. sadRza gamika - krodha ke udaya kA nirodha karanA cAhie aura udaya prApta krodha kA viphalIkaraNa karanA caahie| isI prakAra mAna, mAyA, lobha kA nirodha aura viphalIkaraNa karanA caahie|85 inameM se tIsare artha ko jinadAsagaNi, haribhadra, malayagiri aura yazovijaya ne svIkAra kiyA hai| unake anusAra gamika kA artha sadRza pATha racanA zailI kiyA hai 786 naMdIsUtra meM AcArAMgAdi ke lie bhI aNaMta gamA kA ullekha kiyA hai| una graMthoM meM bhI gama to haiM hI, lekina dRSTivAda kI zailI gamapradhAna hone se vaha gamika hai| jabika AcArAMgAdi meM gama kA pramANa dRSTivAda kI apekSA se alpa hone se agamika hai| 13-14. aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya naMdIsUtra ke anusAra zrutajJAna ke saMkSepa meM do bheda haiM - 1. aMgapraviSTa aura 2. aMgabAhya / tattvArthasUtra meM bhI inhIM do bhedoM kA ullekha hai| inameM aMgabAhya ke aneka bheda aura aMgapraviSTa ke bAraha bheda haiM P8 zrutajJAna ke ina donoM bhedoM kA bhASyakAra ne krama se ullekha kiyA hai| aMga zabda kI vyatputti aMgazruta yaha guNanAma hai, kyoMki, jo tInoM kAloM ke samasta dravyoM aura paryAyoM ko aMgati' arthAt prApta hotA hai yA vyApta karatA hai, vaha aMga hai |89 'aJjayate' arthAt madhyama padoM ke dvArA jo lakSita hotA hai, vaha aMga hai, athavA samasta zruta ke AcArAdi rUpa eka-eka avayava ko aMga kahate haiM 290 282. gamAH - arthpricchitiprkaaraaH| - uttarAdhyayana vRtti 283. se kiM taM gamiyaM? gamiyaM ditttthivaao| - naMdIsUtra, pR. 160 284. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 549 285. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1, pR. 34 286. naMdIcUrNi pR. 88, hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 91, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 203, jaina tarka pR. 23 287. ahavA taM samAsao duvihaM paNNattaM, taM jahA-aMgapaviDhaM aMgabAhiraM c| - naMdIsUtra pR. 160 288. tattvArthasUtra 1.20, sarvArthasiddha 1.20 289. aMgasudamidi guNaNAmaM, aMgati gacchati vyApnoti trikAlagocarAzeSadravya-paryAyAnityaMgazabdaniSpatteH / - SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 9, sUtra 4.1.45, pR. 193-194 290. gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa bhAga 2, gAthA 350

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[28] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya kA svarUpa umAsvAti ne aMgabAhya ke kartA aura uddezya donoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| unake anusAra aMgabAhya ke racanAkAra AcArya hote haiM, unakA Agama jJAna atyaMta vizuddha hotA hai| ve parama prakRSTa vAk, mati, buddhi aura zakti se yukta hote haiN| ve kAla, saMhanana, Ayu kI dRSTi se alpabuddhi vAle ziSyoM ko bodha dene ke lie aMgabAhya kI racanA karate haiN|91 vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki jo gaNadharakRta hai, Adeza -tripadI se niSpanna hai tathA niyata hai, vaha aMgapraviSTazruta hai| athavA jo Agama gaNadharoM dvArA prazna karane para tIrthaMkara dvArA upadiSTa hai aura gaNadharoM dvArA sUtrabaddha hai, ve aMgapraviSTa zruta haiN| jo sthavirakRta hai, mukta pratipAdana se gRhIta hai tathA aniyata hai, vaha aMgabAhya (anaMgapraviSTa) zruta hai athavA jo Agama binA prazna kiye hI tIrthaMkara dvArA upadiSTa hote haiM aura jinakI racanA sthaviroM Adi ke dvArA kI gaI hotI hai, ve anaMgapravaSTi haiM 92 naMdIcUrNi meM bhI aisA hI ullekha milatA hai|293 jo bAraha aMga vAle zruta-puruSa se bAhara zruta hai, vaha 'aMgabAhya' zruta hai athavA jisa zrutavibhAga kA koI zruta, gaNadhara racita bhI ho sakatA hai, jaise nirayAvalikA Adi tathA koI zruta, saMkalana Adi kI dRSTi se (zabda se to gaNadhara racita hI hotA hai) pUrvadhara zruta-sthavira racita bhI ho sakatA hai, jaise-prajJApanA Adi, usa zruta-vibhAga ko 'aMgabAhya' kahate haiM athavA jisa zruta-vibhAga kA koI zruta, sarva kSetra aura sarva kAla meM niyama se racita hotA hai, jaise-Avazyaka Adi aura koI niyata nahIM hotA, jaise painnA vizeSa Adi, usa zruta vibhAga ko 'aMgabAhya' kahate haiM 94. bRhatkalpabhASya ke anusAra gaNadhara dvArA racita AgamoM se sthaviroM dvArA nirmUDha Agama aMgabAhya (anaMgapraviSTa) tathA isake alAvA vRddhaparamparA se prANANika rUpa se prApta jina-upadeza va pAramparika mAnyatAeM Adi jinameM varNita hai, ve bhI aMgabAhya (anaMgapraviSTa) Agama haiN|295 AvazyakacUrNi ke anusAra atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna ke dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ke yarthAthadraSTA aha~toM ne jina arthoM kI prarUpaNA kI, unhIM arthoM ko aha~toM se sAkSAt prApta kara parama buddhi sampanna tathA sarvAkSarasaninnapAtalabdhi se yukta gaNadharoM ne saba prANiyoM ke hita ke lie sUtra rUpa meM upanibaddha kiyaa| yahI AcAra Adi dvAdazAMga aMgapraviSTa kahalAtA hai 96 aMgabAhya Agama ko anaMgapraviSTa bhI kahA gayA hai, kyoMki isakA samAveza aMga Agama meM nahIM hotA hai| malayagiri ke anusAra saba tIrthakaroM ke tIrthoM meM jo aniyata zruta hai, vaha bhI anaMgapraviSTa hai 97 niyata-aniyata aMga ko spaSTa karate hue malayagiri kahate haiM ki AcArAMga Adi zruta sarvakSetra kAla meM artha aura krama ke saMdarbha meM isI prakAra vyavasthita hai, isalie vaha niyata hai| jabaki aMgabAhya meM aisA nahIM hone se vaha aniyata hai| aisA bhI mAna sakate haiM ki gaNadhara sarvotkRSTa zrutalabdhi se saMpanna hone ke kAraNa mUlazruta racanA karane meM samartha hote haiM, isalie aMgapraviSTa kA artha mUla zruta hai| jabaki sthavira zruta ko eka bhAga meM kendrita rakha kara racanA karate haiM, isase unakI racanA aMgabAhya kahalAtI hai 98 291. tattvArthabhASya 1.20 292. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 550 293. gaNaharatherakayaM vA AesA, mukkavAgaraNao vaa| dhuva-calavisesao vA aMgANaMgesu naannttN| - naMdIcUrNi pR. 88 294. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 224-225 295. bRhatkalpabhASya, gAthA 144 evaM cUrNi 296. Avazyaka cUrNi 1 pR. 8 297. malayagiri Avazyaka vRtti, pR. 48 298. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 203

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [259] digambara paramparA ke anusAra - pUjyapAda ke kathanAnusAra Agama vaktA tIna prakAra ke hote haiM - 1. sarvajJa (tIrthaMkara, kevalI) 2. zrutakevalI 3. ArAtIya (uttrvrtii)| ina tInoM ke dvArA racita AgamoM ko pramANa mAnA gayA hai| inameM se tIrthaMkara artha rUpa se Agama kA upadeza dete haiN| gaNadhara zruta kevalI usa artha se aMga aura pUrvagranthoM kI racanA karate haiM aura ArAtIya AcAryoM dvArA racita evaM aMga AgamoM se arthatayA juDe hue granthoM ko aMgabAhya Agama kahA gayA hai| yahA~ uttaravartI (ArAtIya) kA artha hai gaNadharoM ke ziSya-praziSya, jinakA zruta paramparA se nikaTatama yA ghaniSTha sambandha hai| ye ArAtIya AcArya una ziSyoM ke lie aMgabAhya AgamoM kI racanA karate haiM, jisameM kAladoSa se Ayu, mati aura bala meM hInatA AyI hai|99 akalaMka ke bhI aise hI vicAra hai|00 vIrasenAcArya aMgabAhya AgamoM ko indrabhUtigaNadhara kI racanA mAnate haiN| jayasena ke matAnusAra aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya ke artha kI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne aura donoM kI sUtrarUpa meM racanA gautama gaNadhara ne kI hai 02 paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA kA kathana hai ki uparyukta varNana se yaha spaSTa hai ki aMgapraviSTa kI racanA gaNadharoM ne kI hai, isameM koI virodha nahIM hai| jabaki aMgabAhya ke racanAkara ke sambandha meM do mata haiM - eka mata to gaNadhara racita mAnatA hai jabaki dUsare mata vAle unako sthavirakRta mAnate haiN| ukta do matoM meM prathama mata prAcIna paramparA se saMbaMdhita ho sakatA hai, kyoMki bhadrabAhu svAmI ne aMgabAhya ke prakAra batAte hue AvazyakasUtra ko gaNadharakRta mAnA hai aura jinabhadragaNi ne bhI isakA samarthana kiyA hai|03 prastuta mAnyatA bhadrabAhu svAmI ko bhI pUrvaparamparA se prApta huI thI, isIlie unhoMne Avazyaka niyukti meM kahA hai ki maiM paramparA ke anusAra sAmAyika ke viSaya meM vivaraNa karatA huuN|04 bAda ke kAla meM umAsvAti ne aMgabAhya ko AcAryakRta mAnA hai|05 umAsvAti aura jinabhadragaNi ke madhya vAle kAla meM umAsvAti kI mAnyatA meM zithilatA Ane se jinabhadragaNi ne tIna prakAra se isakA ullekha kiyA hai| jinabhadragaNi ke bAda vAle kAla meM donoM paramparAeM samAna rUpa se pracalita thiiN| isI kAraNa se haribhadra aura malayagiri eka ora aMgabAhya ko sthavirakRta svIkAra karate haiM306 to dUsarI ora dvAdazAMgI ke sAtha gaNadhara kI bhalAvaNa dI hai|07 aisA bhI ho sakatA hai ki aMgabAhya ko gaNadharakRta mAnane kI paramparA zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM matabheda ke kAraNa prabala huI ho, kyoMki gaNadhara viziSTa Rddhi yukta hone se unhoMne bhagavAn ke upedaza ko sAkSAt grahaNa kiyA thaa| isalie inakI racanA anya kI apekSA se adhika prAmANika mAnI jAtI hai| isalie pIche ke AcAryoM ne Agama meM samAveza ho jAe aise samasta sAhitya ko gaNadharakRta kaha diyA jisase unakI prAmANikatA svataH siddha ho jaae| isa pravRtti se Agama-sAhitya se lekara purANa sAhitya taka samasta aMgabAhya sAhitya gaNadharakRta mAnA jAne lgaa| purANoM ko bhI prAmANika siddha karane ke lie jaina purANakAroM ne padmapurANa09 meM kahA hai 299. sarvArthasiddhi, 1.20, pR. 87 300. ArAtIyAcAryakRtAgArtha-pratyAsannarUpamaMgabAhya / tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1.20.13 301. SaTakhaNDAgama pu. 13, pR. 279 302. harivaMza purANa, sarga 2 gAthA 101,111 303. gaNadharavAda, prastAvanA . 9-11 304. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 87, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 1080 305. AcAryaiH kAlasaMhananAyu-rdoSAdalpazaktInAM ziSyANAmanugrahAya yatproktaM tdgbaahymiti| tattvArthabhASya 1.20, pR. 92 306. hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 91, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 203 307. anaMgapraviSTamAvazyakAdi, tto'rhtprnniittvaat| - hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 78, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 193 308. gaNadharavAda prastAvanA prastAvanA pR. 9

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[260] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ki purANa mUla meM gaNadhara kRta haiN| hamako to ye vastutaH paramparA se prApta hue haiN| mahApurANa meM bhI aisA hI ullekha huA hai| 10 yazovijaya ne aMgabAhya ko sthavirakRta mAnA hai| ataH anta meM aMgabAhya sthavira kRta haiM yaha mata sthira huA hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha dazavaikAlika, prajJApanA, anuyogadvAra Adi aMgabAhya ke racanAkAra zrutakevalI hai| isase jinabhadragaNi, pUjyapAda, akalaMka kA mata ucita pratIta hotA hai| kahIM-kahIM aMgabAhya Agama kI racanA ke sAtha tIrthaMkara aura gaNadhara kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai| uttarakAlIna Agama vibhAjana dhAraNA zakti ke hrAsa kA dhyAna meM rakhakara, bhAvI alpamedhAvI janoM ke anugraha hetu AryarakSita ne viSayavastu kI apekSA se sthUla rUpa se Agama sAhitya ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai12, yathA - 1. dharmakathAnuyoga (kathAsAhitya) 2. caraNakaraNAnuyoga (AcAraviSayaka) 3. gaNitAnuyoga (loka-racanA, khagolabhUgolaviSayaka) 4. dravyAnuyoga (dravya-svarUpa vissyk)| inhIM cAra vibhAgoM ko nimna prakAra se kahate haiM - prathamAnuyoga (dharmakathA), caraNAnuyoga (AcAra), karaNAnuyoga (lokasvarUpAdi), dravyAnuyoga (tttvsvruup)| aMgabAhya kI racanA kA uddezya paramparA se prApta AcArAMga Adi zrutajJAnAdi rAzi arthataH aura granthata: bahuta vizAla hai| vaha alpa AyuSya alpamati aura alpazakti vAle manuSyoM ke lie durgrAhya hai| yaha jAnakara unakI anukampA ke lie gaNadharoM se atirikta vizuddha AgamajJAna se sampanna sthaviroM ne dazavaikAlika Adi aneka anaMgapraviSTa AgamagranthoM kI racanA kI hai|13 aMgapraviSTa kI racanA kA uddezya gaNadhara mahArAja pUrvo kI racanA karate haiM, aura una pUrvo me sampUrNa vAGmaya kA samAveza ho jAtA hai arthAt bhUtavAda (dRSTivAda) meM samasta vAGmaya kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| phira mandabuddhi upAsaka aura striyoM para anugraha ke lie zeSa zruta gyAraha aMgoM Adi kI racanA kI jAtI hai|14 maladhArI hemacandra ne bhUtavAda kA artha spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki jisameM sampUrNa viSaya yukta sabhI vastu samUha kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai athavA jisameM sAmAnya vizeSAdi sabhI dharma yukta jIvoM ke bheda-prabhedoM kA ullekha hai, vaha bhUtavAda (dRSTivAda) kahalAtA hai| 15 striyA~ tuccha svabhAvavAlI, bahuta abhimAna yukta, capalendriya aura buddhi se manda hotI haiM isalie striyoM ko atizayayukta adhyayana aura bhUtavAda dene kI jinezvaroM kI AjJA nahIM hai| 16 jisakI vistAra se carcA paM. sukhalAla saMghavI ne karmagraMtha ke vivecana meM kI hai|17 maladhArI hemacandra-18 ne aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya meM antara ke nimna kAraNa ullekhita kiye haiM - 309. vardhamAnajinendroktaH so'yamarthoM gaNezvaram / indrabhUtiM pariprApta sudharma dhaarnniibhvm|| prabhavaM kramataH kIrti tato'nu (nU) ttrvaagminm| likhitaM tasya saMprApya rverytno'ymudgtH|| padmapurANa, parva 1, gAthA 41-42 310. mahApurANa (AdipurANa) parva 1, gAthA 198-201 311. jainatarkabhASA pR. 24 312. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 2286-2291, 2511 evaM bRhadvRtti 313. Avazyaka cUrNi, 1 pR. 8 314. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 551 315. maladhArI hemacandra, pR. 253 316. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 552 317. karmagraMtha, bhAga 4, pariziSTa, 'ta' pR. 149-153 318. aMgabAhiraM duvihaM paNNattaM, taM jahA-AvassayaM ca, Avassaya vairittaM c| - naMdIsUtra, pR. 160

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [21] 1. aMgapraviSTa Agama gaNadhara ke dvArA racita hote haiM, jabaki aMgabAhya Agama sthavira ke dvArA racita hote haiN| 2. gaNadhara dvArA prazna kie jAne para tIrthaMkara dvArA upadiSTa tripadI (utpAda, vyaya, dhruva) ke AdhAra para gaNadhara dvAdazAMgI kI racanA karate haiM, vaha zruta aMgapraviSTa kahalAtA hai, kintu binA prazna pUche tIrthaMkara dvArA jo zruta pratipAdita hotA hai, vaha aMgabAhya kahalAtA hai| 3. zAzvata (niyata-dhruva) zruta arthAt jo zruta sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke tIrtha meM avazya hotA hai vaha aMgapraviSTa evaM azAzvata (aniyata-adhruva) zruta arthAt jo zruta sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke tIrtha meM nahIM hotA hai, vaha aMgabAhya zruta kahalAtA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya ke svarUpa mAtra ke ullekha kiyA hai, lekina inake bhedaprabhedoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki naMdIsUtra Adi meM isakA vistAra se varNana prApta hotA hai, ataH graMtha kA anAvazyaka kalevara nahIM bar3he isa kAraNa bhASyakAra ne ullekha nahIM kiyA ho| lekina isa zodhagraMtha meM aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya ke bheda-prabheda prasaMgAnukUla haiM, ata: naMdIsUtra Adi meM jo ullekha prApta hotA hai, unhIM kI yahA~ samIkSA prastuta kI jA rahI hai| aMgabAhya ke do bheda aMgabAhya ke do bheda haiM, yathA - 1. Avazyaka - niyamita karttavya, 2. Avazyaka vyatirikta - Avazyaka se bhinna 18 ukta vibhAjana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki aMgabAhya AgamoM meM Avazyaka sUtra kA prathama sthAna hai| Avazyaka kA svarUpa aura bheda Avazyaka kyA hai, isake racanAkAra kauna haiM isake kitane bheda haiM ityAdi kA vistAra se ullekha prathama adhyAya meM kiyA jA cukA hai| Avazyaka vyatirikta ke bheda Avazyaka vyatirikta ke do bheda haiM - 1. kAlika-kAla meM hI par3hane yogya 2. utkAlikakAla uparAnta meM bhI par3hane yogya 20 kAlika aura utkAlika sUtra kA vibhAga sarvaprathama naMdI sUtra meM prApta hotA hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM kAlika aura utkAlika kA ullekha mAtra milatA hai| 21 jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra - jinake svAdhyAya kA kAla niyata ho vaha kAlika hai, zeSa utkAlika hai|22 naMdIcUrNikAra ke anusAra - jo zruta dina aura rAta ke prathama aura antima prahara meM par3hA jAtA hai, vaha kAlikazruta hai| jisa sUtra kA paThana-pAThana/adhyayana-adhyApana kAla kI maryAdA meM baMdhA huA nahIM hai, vaha utkAlika sUtra hai / 23 maladhArI hemacandra ke anusAra - gyAraha aMga kAla-grahaNa Adi kI dRSTi se paDhe jAte the, isalie unakI saMjJA kAlika hai| kAlikazruta meM prAyaH caraNakaraNAnuyoga kA pratipAdana hai, isalie bhASyakAra ne caraNakaraNAnuyoga ke sthAna para kAlikazruta kA prayoga kiyA hai|24 isakA kAraNa pUrva 319. prathama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti : eka paricaya, pR. 1-9 320. AvassayavairittaM duvihaM paNNattaM, taM jahA-kAliyaM ca, ukkAliyaM c| - pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 226 321. sthAnAMgasUtra sthA. 2 u. 1, sU. 106, pR. 37 ___322. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 2294-95 323. kAliyaM jaM diNarAtINaM paDhamacarimaporisIsu paDhijati / jaM puNa kAlavelavajaM paDhijjati taM ukkaaliyN| -naMdIcUrNi, pR. 88 324. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 2294-2295 kI bRhadvRtti

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cirAmA [252] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana paramparA rahI hai| Avazyakaniyukti ke anusAra AryarakSitasUri ne anuyoga ke samaya kAlikazruta kI vyavasthA kI thii| prathama anuyoga caraNakaranANuyoga hai| usake lie niyuktikAra ne kAlika zruta zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai|25 akalaMka ne aMgabAhya ke kAlika aura utkAlika ke aneka vikalpoM kA kathana kiyA hai| unake anusAra svAdhyAya kAla meM jisakA kAla niyata hai, vaha kAlika hai, aniyata kAla vAlA utkAlika hai|26 uparyukta varNana se spaSTa hai ki svAdhyAya kAla kI maryAdA ke AdhAra para yaha vibhAga kiyA gayA hai| kAlika sUtra ke bheda kAlika sUtra ke aneka bheda haiM, unameM se pramukha nAma naMdIsUtra aura vyavahAra sUtra meM prApta hote haiM, jo isa prakAra hai - 1. uttarAdhyayana 2. dazAzrutaskandha 3. bRhatkalpa 4. vyavahAra 5. nizItha 6. mahAnizItha 7. RSibhASita 8. jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti 9. dvIpasAgaraprajJapti 10. candraprajJapti 11. laghuvimAnapravibhakti 12. mahAvimAnapravibhakti 13. aMgacUlikA 14. vargacUlikA 15. vyAkhyAcUlikA 16. aruNopapAta 17. varuNopapAta 18. garur3opapAta 19. dharaNopapAta 20. vaizramaNopapAta 21. velaMdharopapAta 22. devendropapAta 23. utthAnazruta 24. samutthAnazruta 25. nAgaparijJApanikA 26. nirayAvalikAe~, 27. kalpikA, 28. kalpAvataMsikA, 29. puSpitA, 30. puSpacUlikA tathA 31. vRssnnidshaa|27 vyavahArasUtra meM naMdIsUtra meM Ae hue AgamoM ke atirikta anya kAlika AgamoM ke nAma kA bhI ullekha hai, yathA svapnabhAvanA, cAraNabhAvanA, tejanisarga, AzIviSabhAvanA, dRssttivissbhaavnaa|28 ina pAMcoM ko ginane para kAlika sUtroM kI saMkhyA 36 hotI hai| naMdIsUtra 29 meM upalabdha kAlika sUtra ke varNana meM devarddhigaNi sAmane aura bhI kAlika sUtra rahe ho lekina sabhI ko lipibaddha nahIM kiyA ho, aisA 'evamAiyAI' (ityAdi) zabda se pratIta hotA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa dvArA sampAdita naMdI sUtra meM kAlika sUtra ke antargata 'kalpikA' kA nAma nahIM hai|30 jabaki yuvAcAryamadhukaramuni ke naMdI sUtra meM yaha nAma prApta hotA hai|31 utkAlika sUtra ke bheda utkAlika zAstra aneka haiM, lekina naMdIsUtra ke anusAra mukhya rUpa se usake 29 nAma ginAye haiM, yathA-1. dazavaikAlika, 2. kalpAkalpa, 3. laghukalpa, 4. mahAkalpa, 5. aupapAtika, 6. rAjapraznIya, 7. jIvAbhigama, 8. prajJApanA, 9. mahAprajJApanA, 10. pramAdApramAda, 11. nandI, 12. anuyogadvAra, 13. devendrastava, 14. taMdulavaicArika, 15. candravedhyaka, 16. sUryaprajJapti, 17. pauruSImaNDala, 18. maNDapraveza, 19. vidyAcaraNavinizcaya, 20. gaNividyA, 21. dhyAna vibhakti, 22. maraNa vibhakti, 23. Atmavizuddhi, 24. vItarAgazruta, 25. saMlekhanAzruta, 26. vihArakalpa, 27. caraNavidhi, 28. AturapratyAkhyAna, 29. mahApratyAkhyAna ityAdi / 32 tattvArthasUtra meM naMdIsUtra ke samAna utkAlika ke nAmoM kA ullekha nahIM hai| pUjyapAda ne kAlika utkAlika bheda kA nAmanirdeza nahIM kiyA hai| lekina donoM bhedoM ke eka-eka graMtha kA ullekha avazya kiyA hai, yathA kAlika - uttarAdhyayana, utkAlika - dazavaikAlika 33 jabaki akalaMka ne Avazyaka325. Avazyaka niyukti gAthA 776-777 326. svAdhyAyakAle niyatakAlaM kaalikm| aniytkaalmutkaalikm| - tattvArthavArtika 1.10.14 327. naMdIsUtra pR. 163 328. trINichedasUtrANi (vyavahArasUtra) u. 10 pR. 452-453 329. naMdIsUtra, pR. 163 330. A0 mahAprajJa, naMdI, pR. 136 331. naMdIsUtra, pR. 163 332. naMdIsUtra pR. 161-162 333. sarvArthasiddhi 1.20

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [253] Avazyavyatirikta aise bhedoM kA nAmanirdeza karane ke alAvA aMgabAhya ke kAlika utkAlika bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai|34 bAraha aMga sUtra bhI kAlika haiN| Avazyaka sUtra 1, utkAlika sUtra 29, kAlika sUtra 35/36, aMga sUtra 12, ina sabako milAne para 76/77 AgamoM ke nAma prApta hote haiN| digambara paramparA meM aMgabAhya ke bheda / jayadhavalA ke anusAra Avazyaka eka zrutaskaMdha nahIM hai| usameM aMgabAhya ke caudaha prakAra batAye haiM, yathA sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vandanA, pratikramaNa, vainayika, kRtikarma, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, kalpyavyavahAra, kalpyAkalpya, mahAkalpya, puNDarIka, mahApuNDarIka aura nissiddhkaa| inake svarUpa kA varNana kaSAyapAhuDa, dhavalA, gommaTasAra335 Adi meM vistAra se hai| isa prakAra digambara paramparA meM aMgabAhya ke caudaha bhedoM kA ullekha hai| tattvArthabhASya meM aMgabAhya ke teraha (sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vandanA, pratikramaNa, kAyavyutsarga, pratyAkhyAna, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, dazA, kalpya, vyavahAra, nizItha, RSibhASitata) granthoM kA ullekha hai|36 naMdIsUtra meM adhika bhedoM kA ullekha hai| tattvArthasUtra meM Avazyaka ke bhedoM kA nAmanirdeza kiyA gayA hai| prakIrNaka grantha __ naMdIcUrNikAra ke anusAra arhat ke dvArA upadiSTa zruta kA anusaraNa kara zramaNa jinakA ni!haNa karate haiM, ve prakIrNaka kahalAte haiN| athavA zruta kA anusaraNa kara apane vANI kauzala se dharmopadeza Adi meM jisa viSaya kA pratipAdana karate haiM, vaha prakIrNaka hai| isa prakAra cUrNi meM prakIrNaka ko do prakAra se paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| prakIrNakakAra aparimita hai, isalie prakIrNaka aparimita haiM, kintu isa sUtra meM prakIrNakoM ke parimANa ke AdhAra para pratyekabuddhoM kI saMkhyA kA niyamana kiyA gayA hai, ataH yahA~ pratyeka buddhoM dvArA praNIta adhyana hI prakIrNaka ke rUpa meM grAhya haiN|38 cUrNi ke anusAra prakIrNakoM ke racanAkAra pratyeka buddha hote haiN| isa prakAra prakIrNaka ke sambandha meM vibhinna prakAra kI paramparAeM prApta hotI haiN| naMdIsUtra meM prakIrNaka kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM do mata 1. utkRSTa zramaNa saMkhyA kI apekSA-arhanta bhagavanta zrI RSabhadeva svAmI ke 84 hajAra prakIrNaka grantha the, kyoMki unakI vidyamAnatA meM unake zAsana meM eka samaya meM utkRSTa 84 hajAra sAdhu rhe| dUsare ajitanAtha se lekara teIsaveM pArzvanAtha taka ke bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke saMkhyAta saMkhyAta prakIrNaka grantha the, kyoMki unakI vidyamAnatA meM unake zAsana meM eka samaya meM utkRSTa saMkhyAtasaMkhyAta sAdhu rahe the| bhagavAn varddhamAna svAmI kI vidyamAnatA meM unake zAsana meM eka samaya meM utkRSTa 14 hajAra sAdhu rahe ataH unake samaya 14 hajAra prakIrNaka the| pratyeka tIrthakara ke ziSya tIrthaMkara kA upadeza sunakara unake AzayoM ko grahaNa karake vyavasthita rUpa meM apanI buddhi para aMkita kara dete haiM, unhIM aMkanoM ko yahA~ prakIrNaka kahA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara kI 334. tadanekavidhaM kaalikotkaalikaadiviklpaat| - rAjavArtika 1.20.14 335. kasAyapAhuDa 1.1.1 pR. 89-111, dhavalA pu. 1, sU. 1.1.2, pR. 96-98, dhavalA pu. 9, sU. 4.1.45, pR. 188, gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa bhAga 2, gAthA 367-368 336. tattvArthadhigamasUtra 1.20 pR. 90 337. jato te caturAsIti samaNasahassA arahaMtamaggauvadihra jaM sutamaNusArittA kiMci NijUhaMte te savve paiNNagA, ahavA suttamaNussarato appaNo vayaNakosalleNa jaM dhammadesaNAdisu bhAsate taM savvaM pinnnngN| - naMdIcUrNi pR. 90, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 208 338. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 90

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana vidyamAnatA meM hajAroM lAkhoM ziSya hone para bhI unakI saMkhyA ke tulya prakIrNaka nahIM batAkara sAdhuoM kI utkRSTa sampadA ke tulya batAye gaye haiN| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki vyakti kI vidyAmAnatA meM hI unakA saMgraha buddhi para mAnA gayA hai| dehAvasAna ke bAda unakI vidyamAnatA nahIM hone se unakA prakIrNaka bhI nahIM rahatA hai| utkRSTa sampadA jitane hI prakIrNaka batAye gaye haiM / tIrthaMkara ke dvArA mAnyatA prApta hone jAne se unheM kAlika hI kahA gayA hai| TIkA meM alaga-alaga prakAra ke artha milate haiN| 2. dUsare mata ke anusAra jina tIrthaMkaroM ke jitane ziSya autpattikI, vaineyikI, kArmikI aura pAriNAmikI- ina cAra buddhi sahita the, una tIrthaMkaroM ke utane hI prakIrNaka grantha the / yahA~ para cAra buddhiyoM se yukta isa vizeSaNa se pratyeka buddha kA grahaNa huA hai / yahA~ para mAtra pratyeka buddhoM ke racitoM ko hI prakIrNaka samajhanA caahie| isakA kAraNa pratyeka buddhoM kA parimANa prakIrNaka ke parimAma se hI pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| AgamakAlIna mata AgamakAlIna yuga meM aMgoM ke sivAya sabhI prakIrNaka hI mAne jAte the| vartamAna meM jo Agama zreNI meM nahIM Ate haiM, unhIM ko prakIrNaka kahA jAtA hai / kintu AgamakAlIna yuga meM aisA nahIM thaa| kyoMki uttarAdhyanasUtra adhyayana 28 gAthA 23 meM 'ikkArasa aMgAI paiNNagaM diTThivAo ya' arthAt gyAraha aMga, prakIrNaka sUtra aura dRSTivAda zrutajJAna hai| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bAraha aMgoM ke sivAya sabhI prakIrNaka haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra 40 ke cauthe sthAna ke pahale uddezaka meM cAra aMgabAhya prajJaptiyAM batAI gayI haiM, yathA candraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti, jambUdvIpaprajJapti aura dvIpasAgaraprajJapti / inameM sUryaprajJapti aura jambUdvIpaprajJapti paMcama aura SaSTha aMga ke upAMga rUpa haiM aura zeSa donoM prakIrNaka rUpa kahI gaI haiN| navAMgI TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ke samaya taka prakIrNaka hI the| 41 uparyukta pAThoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki Agama ho yA prakIrNaka, sabhI aMgabAhya rUpa eka hI nAma se kahe jAte haiN| Age jAkara amuka-amuka zabda amuka ke lie rUr3ha ho gye| naMdIcUrNikAra ke anusAra prakIrNaka kAlikazruta aura utkAlika zruta donoM prakAra ke hote haiN| 342 naMdI sUtra meM chaha prakIrNakoM ke nAma prApta hote haiM - devendrastava. taMdulavaicArika, caMdravedhyaka, gaNividyA, AturapratyAkhyAna aura mahApratyAkhyAna / cUrNikAra ne kucheka prakIrNakoM kA vivecana kiyA hai / 343 vartamAna meM prakIrNakoM kI saMkhyA [264] prakIrNaka kI sUci bhinna-bhinna graMthoM meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI milatI hai| isa viSaya meM muni puNyavijayajI ne vistAra se likhA hai|344 samAnyatayA prakIrNaka dasa mAne jAte haiM, kintu inakI koI nizcita nAmAvalI nahIM hone ke kAraNa ye nAma kaI prakAra ke hote haiN| ina sabakA samAveza kiyA jAye, to kula bAIsa prakIrNakoM ke nAma prApta hote haiM / 45 nimna graMthoM meM prakIrNakoM ko ke dasa-dasa nAma prApta hote haiM, yathA Agamayuga kA jaina darzana 346, taMdulaveyAliyapaiNNayaM 347, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kI pIThikA meM 48 tathA jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 349 meM 11 prakIrNakoM ke nAma prApta hote haiN| lekina ina sabhI graMthoM meM saMkhyA samAna hote hue bhI prakIrNakoM ke nAmoM meM bhinnatA hai| 339. naMdIsUtra, pR. 164 340. sthAnAMgasUtra, pR. 255 341. tatra sUraprajJaptijambUdvIpaprajJaptI paMcamaSaSThaMgayorUpAMgabhUte, itare tu prakIrNaka rUpa iti / sthAnAMgavRtti, pR. 224 342. paiNNagajjhayaNA vi savve kAliyaukkAliyA / naMdIcUrNi pR. 90 - 343. mahAprajJa, naMdI pariziSTa 2, joga naMdI sUtra 8 345. AcArya mahAprajJa, naMdIsUtra pR. 160 347. taMdulaveyAliyapaiNNayaM, bhUmikA, pR. 4 349. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 2, pR. 345-363 344. paiNNayasuttAI, pR. 18 346. Agamayuga kA jaina darzana, pR. 26 348. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, pIThikA, pR. 710-712

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [265] aMgapraviSTa ke bheda aMgapraviSTa ke lie dvAdazAMga ke sAtha gaNipiTaka aura zrutapuruSa zabdoM kA prayoga prApta hotA hai| gaNipiTaka meM bAraha aMga haiN| jo gaNa yA gaccha kA adhipati hotA hai, vaha gaNI yA gaNadhara kahalAtA hai| tIrthaMkaroM kI artharUpa vANI ke AdhAra para gaNadharoM dvArA graMthita hone se inheM gaNipiTaka kahA jAtA hai| gaNipiTaka kA anya artha hai - paricchedoM kA samUha 50 ina aMga AgamoM meM aneka pariccheda haiN| bAraha aMgoM kA nyAsa kiyA jAtA hai| zrutapuruSa ke aMgasthAnIya AcArAMga Adi bAraha aMga haiM, yahI dvAdazAMgI hai|52 jaise puruSa ke hAtha-paira Adi bAraha aMga hote haiM, vaise hI zruta rUpa parama puruSa ke AcAra Adi bAraha aMga haiN| jo zrutapuruSa ke aMgarUpa meM vyavasthita haiM, ve aMgapraviSTa haiN|53 puruSa ke aMga zrutapuruSa ke aMga do caraNa AcArAMga (dAhinA paira), sUtrakRtAMga (bAyA~ paira) do jaMghA sthAnAMga (dAhinI jaMghA), samavAyAMga (bAyI jaMghA) do Uru bhagavatI (dAhinI uru), jJAtAdharmakathA (bAyI uru) udara, pITha upAsakadazA (nAbhi), antakRddazA (vakSasthala) do bhujA anuttaraupapAtikadazA (dAhinA bAha), praznavyAkaraNa (bAyA~ bAhu) grIvA vipAkazruta sira dRSTivAda (mastaka) isa prakAra aMgapraviSTa ke bAraha bheda hote haiM - 1. AcArAMga 2. sUtrakRtAMga 3. sthAnAMga 4. samavAyAMga 5. vyAkhyAprajJapti athavA bhagavatI 6. jJAtAdharmakathAMga (nAthadharmakathA) 7. upAsakadasAMga (upAsakAdhyayana) 8. aMtakRddasAMga (antakRddazA) 9. anuttaraupapAttikadasA (anuttaraupapAdikadazA) 10. praznavyAkaraNa 11. vipAkazruta aura 12. dRssttivaad| isa prakAra zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM aMgoM ke krama meM koI bhinnatA nahIM hai, kintu nAmoM meM bhinnatA hai, digambara paramparA meM jisa aMga ke nAma meM antara hai usa nAma ko Upara koSThaka meM diyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM umAsvAti ne dvAdazAMgI ke nAma kI sUci mAtra dI hai| naMdI meM aMgapraviSTa ke bAraha bhedoM kA vistAra se varNana hai| samavAyAMga meM aMgapraviSTa kA varNana hai, lekina aMgabAhya kA varNana nahIM hai| 54 sthAnAMgasUtra'55 meM aMgabAhya kA ullekha milatA hai| digambara paramparA meM pUjyapAda ne bhI aMgoM kI sUci dI hai| paraMtu dRSTivAda ke vibhAga kA aura 14 pUrvo ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| jabaki akalaMka ne aMgoM kA saMkSipta varNana karate hue dRSTivAda kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai|56 zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA meM mAnya dvAdazAMgoM ke svarUpa kA saMkSipta paricaya yahA~ pahale zvetAmbara paramparA kA varNana samavAyAMgasUtra aura naMdIsUtra ke AdhAra se tathA 350. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 193 351. pAyaduga jaMghoru gAtadugaddhaM tu do ya baahuuyo| gIvA siMra ca puriso bArasa aMgo sutvisittttho|| - naMdIcUrNi pR. 88 352. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 193 3 53. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 203 354. samavAyAMgasUtra, pR. 171-191 355. suyaNANe duvihe paNNatte taM jahA - aMgapaviDhe ceva, aMgabAhire cev| - sthAnAMgasUtra pR. 37 356. tatvArthabhASya 1.20, sarvArthasiddhi 1.20, kasAyapAhuDa pR. 111, rAjavArtika 1.20.12, dhavalA pu.1, sUtra 1.1.2 pR. 99, dhavalA pustaka 9, sU. 4.1.45, pR. 197, gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa gAthA 356-357 pR. 592 357. samavAyAMgasUtra, pR. 171-191, pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 231-258

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[266] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana digambara paramparA kA kasAyapAhuDa, rAjavArtika, gommaTasAra58 aura dhavalA59 ke AdhAra para dekara usakI samIkSA prastuta kI jA rahI hai| 1. AcArAMga tIrthaMkaroM dvArA kahI huI aura pahale ke satpuruSoM dvArA Acarita jJAna Adi kI ArAdhanA kI vidhi ko 'AcAra' kahate haiM tathA usake pratipAdaka graMtha ko bhI upacAra se 'AcAra' kahate haiN| AcArAMga meM zramaNa nirgranthoM kA AcAra, gocara, vinaya, vainayika, zikSA, bhASA, abhASA, caraNa, karaNa, yAtrA-mAtrA-ityAdi vRttiyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| vaha saMkSepa meM pA~ca prakAra kA hai, yathA jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra aura viiryaacaar| isake do zrutaskaMdha haiN| pahale zrutaskaMdha kA nAma brahmacarya hai aura dUsare zrutaskaMdha kA nAma 'AcArAMga' yA 'sadAcAra' hai| pahale zrutaskaMdha meM nau adhyayana (1. zastra parijJA 2. loka vijaya 3. zItoSNIya 4. samyaktva 5. AvaMtI 6. dhUta 7. vimokSa 8. mahAparijJA 9. upadhAnazruta) aura dUsare zrutaskaMdha meM solaha adhyayana (1. piNDaiSaNA 2. zayyA 3. IryA 4. bhASA 5. vastraiSaNA 6. pAtraiSaNA 7. avagraha pratimA 8-14. sapta saptikA 15. bhAvanA 16. vimukti) haiN| AcArAMga meM aThAraha hajAra pada haiN| yaha pada saMkhyA brahmacaryAdhyayanAtmaka prathama zrutaskandha kI samajhI jAtI hai| AcArAMga meM caraNa karaNa kI prarUpaNA hai| samavAyAMga meM varNita AcArAMga kI viSaya vastu naMdIsUtra meM varNita viSaya vastu se vistRta hai| samavAyAMga meM vinaya kA phala, vihAra, caMkramaNa (zarIra ke zrama ko dUra karane ke lie idhara-udhara TahalanA), AhAra-pAnI grahaNa kI vidhi sahita samiti-gupti Adi viSaya kA ullekha huA hai| __ AcArAGga ko sthApanA kI apekSA se prathama aGga kahA hai anyathA racanA kI apekSA to yaha bArahavA~ aGga hai| kyoMki racanA kI apekSA 14 pUrvo kI racanA sarva prathama hotI hai| isIliye unako pUrva (pahalA) kahA hai| digambara paramparA ke graMtha gommaTasAra meM AcAra kI paribhASA dete hue kahA hai ki jisameM yA jisake dvArA acchI prakAra se AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, mokSa mArga kI ArAdhanA kI jAtI hai, vaha AcAra hai| AcArAMga meM cAritra kA vidhAna hai| ATha prakAra kI zuddhi, IryA, bhASA Adi pAMca samiti, manogupti Adi tIna gupti ke rUpa meM AcAra kA varNana hai arthAt muni ko yatanApUrvaka calanA cAhie, yatanA pUrvaka baiThanA, sonA, bhojana karanA aura bolanA caahie| isa prakAra AcaraNa karane se pApakarma kA baMdha nahIM hotA hai| isameM 18000 pada haiN| samIkSA - donoM paramparAoM meM AcArAMga kI viSaya vastu sAdhu ke AcAra se sambandhita hai| digambara granthoM meM kevala sAmAnya kathana hai, jabaki zvetAmbara granthoM meM AcArAMga ke adhyayana Adi kA vizeSa varNana hai| sthAnAMga meM kevala prathama zrutaskaMdha ke nau adhyayanoM kA ullekha milane se tathA samavAyAMga meM brahmacarya ke adhyayanoM kA pRthak ullekha hone se prathama zrutaskaMdha kI prAcInatA aura mahattA kI puSTi hotI hai| dhavalA ke anusAra aMgoM tathA pUrvo ke pada kA parimANa madhyama pada ke dvArA hotA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne ullekha kiyA hai ki madhyama pada ke AdhAra para padoM kI gaNanA karane para AcArAMga kA 358. kasAyapAhuDa pR. 111-120, rAjavArtika 1.20.12, gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa gAthA 356-357 pR. 592-598 359. dhavalA pu.1, sUtra 1.1.2 pR. 99-107, dhavalA pustaka 9, sU. 4.1.45, pR. 197-203 360. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, pR. 266

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [267] AkAra bahuta vizAla ho jAtA hai| usakA vartamAna AkAra choTA hai| devardhigaNI ke samaya meM saMbhavataH yahI AkAra rahA, jo Aja upalabdha hai| unhoMne aThAraha hajAra padoM kA ullekha paramparA se prApta avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para kiyA hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai| 2. sUtrakRtAMga sUtrakRtAGga sUtra meM svasamaya (svasiddhAnta), parasamaya (anyatIrthiyoM kA siddhAnta), jIva kA svarUpa, ajIva kA svarUpa, loka kA svarUpa, aloka kA svarUpa ityAdi ke sAtha hI jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, bandha aura mokSa ina tattvoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| navadIkSita sAdhu jisakI buddhi kudarzaniyoM ke mata ko suna kara bhrAnta bana gaI hai tathA jisako sahaja-svAbhAvika sandeha utpanna ho gayA hai, una navadIkSita sAdhuoM kI pApakArI malina buddhi ko zuddha karane ke lie kriyAvAdI ke 180, akriyAvAdI ke 84, ajJAnavAdI ke 67 aura vinayavAdI ke 32, ye saba milA kara 363 pAkhaNDa mata kA khaNDana karake svasiddhAnta kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| aneka hetu aura dRSTAntoM dvArA paramata kI ni:sAratA batalAI gaI hai| isake do zrutaskandha aura teIsa adhyayana haiN| isame 36 hajAra pada haiN| vartamAna sUtrakRtAMga 2100 zloka parimANa akSara kA hai| digambara paramparA ke gommaTasAra meM 'sUtrayati' arthAt jo saMkSepa se artha ko sUcita karatA hai, use sUtrakRtAMga kahA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM jJAna ke lie vinaya Adi kA tathA prajJApanA, kalpya akalpya, chedopasthApanA, vyavahAra dharma Adi kriyAoM sahita svasamaya aura parasamaya kA nirUpaNa hai| athavA sUtroM ke dvArA kRta kriyA vizeSa kA jisameM varNana hai, vaha sUtrakRtAMga hai| jayadhavalA ke anusAra uparyukta viSaya ke alAvA strIsabandhI pariNAma, klIbatA, asphuTatva arthAt mana kI bAtoM ko spaSTa nahIM kahanA, kAma kA Aveza, vilAsa, AsphAlana-sukha aura puruSa kI icchA karanA Adi strI ke lakSaNoM kA varNana hai| isameM 36000 pada haiN| samIkSA - donoM paramparAoM meM sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kI varNita viSaya vastu meM mukhya rUpa se para siddhAnta kA khaNDana karate hue sva-siddhAnta kA maNDana kiyA gayA hai| 3. sthAnAMga jisa sUtra meM jIva Adi tattvoM kA saMkhyA pUrvaka pratipAdana yA sthApana kiyA jAtA hai, use 'sthAnAMga' kahate haiN| sthAnAMga meM TaMka, kUTa, zaila, zikharI, prAgbhAra, kuMDa, guphA, Akara, draha, mahA nadiyA~, samudra, deva, asurakumAra Adi ke bhavana, vimAna, Akara-khAna, sAmAnya nadiyA~, nidhiyA~, puruSoM ke bheda, svara, gotra, jyotiSI devoM kA calanA ityAdi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa sUtra meM eka-eka kI vRddhi se dasa bhedoM taka kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isakA eka hI zrutaskaMdha hai, dasa adhyayana haiN| isake 72 hajAra pada haiN| isameM vartamAna meM 783 sUtra tathA 3700 zloka pramANa akSara haiN| digambara paramparA ke anusAra jisameM eka se lekara eka-eka bar3hate hue sthAna rahate haiM, vaha sthAnAMga hai| usameM saMgrahanaya se AtmA eka hai tathA vyavahAranaya se AtmA ke saMsArI evaM mukta do prakAra haiM, utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya yukta hone se trilakSaNa hai, karmavaza cAroM gatiyoM meM saMkramaNa karane se cAra saMkramaNa se yukta hai| jIva aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika Adi pAMca bhAvoM se yukta hai| pUrva Adi ke bheda se saMsAra avasthA meM chaha upakramoM se yukta hai, syAd asti Adi saptabhaMgI ke sadbhAva meM saptavidha hai, ATha prakAra ke karma AsravoM se yukta hone se ATha AsravarUpa hai, jIva361. A0 mahAprajJa, naMdIsUtra, pR. 167

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[268] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ajIva-AsravAdi nau padArtha usake viSaya hone se nau artha rUpa hai, pRthivI-ap-teja-vAyu-pratyekasAdhAraNa-dvIndriya-trIndriya-caturindriya aura paMcendriya ke bheda se dasa sthAna vAlA hai, isa prakAra jIva kA vivecana huA hai| sAmAnya se pudgala eka hai, vizeSa kI apekSA aNu aura skandha ke bheda se do prakAra hai| isa prakAra pudgala Adi ke eka se lekara eka-eka adhika sthAnoM kA varNana rahatA hai| isameM 42 hajAra pada haiN| akalaMka ne isake do artha kiye haiM, pahalA artha uparyuktAnusAra hI hai| dUsare artha meM sthAnAga meM eka se lekara daza taka kI gaNita kA varNana hai, jaiseki eka kevalajJAna, eka mokSa, eka AkAza, do darzana, do jJAna ityaadi| samIkSA - zvetAmbara paramparA meM isake 10 adhyayana haiM, aisA ullekha prApta hotA hai, lekina digambara paramparA ke graMthoM meM aisA ullekha nahIM hai| dhavalA meM jIvAdi kI 1 se 10 taka saMkhyA kA spaSTa ullekha hone se aisI sambhAvanA kara sakate haiM ki isake 10 adhyayana rahe hoNge| donoM paramparAoM kI viSaya vastu meM bhinnatA hai| 4. samavAyAMga jisake dvArA jIvAdi padArthoM kA samyak nirNaya ho, use samavAya (sam+avAya) kahate haiN| samavAyAMga meM jIva, ajIva, jIvAjIva, sva-samaya, para-samaya, sva-para-samaya, loka, aloka, lokAloka, inakA jaisA svarUpa hai, vaisA hI svarUpa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| samavAyAGga sUtra meM eka do tIna yAvat eka eka kI vRddhi karate hue sau taka aura phira hajAra lAkha yAvat koTi paryanta padArthoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka arthAt AcArAGga Adi bAraha aGgasUtroM kA saMkSipta viSaya kA paricaya diyA gayA hai aura parimANa batAyA gayA hai| isakA eka hI zrutaskaMdha hai, eka hI adhyayana hai| isameM 1 lAkha 44 hajAra pada haiM tathA vartamAna meM isameM 1667 zloka pramANa akSara haiN| digambara paramparA ke anusAra sAmAnyarUpa saMgrahanaya se dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva ko lekara jIvAdi padArtha jisameM jAne jAte haiM, vaha samavAyAMga hai| usameM dravya kI apekSA dharmAstikAya se adharmAstikAya samAna hai, saMsArI jIva se saMsArI jIva samAna hai, mukta jIva se mukta jIva samAna hai, ityAdi dravyasamavAya hai| kSetra kI apekSA sImanta naraka, manuSyaloka, RjunAmaka indraka vimAna, siddhakSetra pradeza se samAna haiN| sAtavIM naraka kA avadhisthAna nAmaka indrakavilA, jambUdvIpa, sarvArthasiddhi vimAna samAna hai, ityAdi kSetrasamavAya hai| eka samaya eka samaya ke samAna hai, AvalI (AvalikA) AvalI ke samAna hai, prathama pRthivI ke nArakI, bhavanavAsI aura vyantaroM kI jaghanya Ayu samAna hai, sAtaveM naraka ke nArakI aura sarvArthasiddhi ke devoM kI utkRSTa Ayu samAna hai, ityAdi kAla samavAya hai| kevalajJAna kevaladarzana ke samAna hai, ityAdi bhAva samavAya hai| imaseM eka lAkha cauMsaTha hajAra pada haiN| samIkSA - digambara granthoM meM 100 samavAya tathA zrutAvatAra kA ullekha nahIM hai| vahA~ dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva se cAra prakAra ke samavAya dvArA sabhI padArthoM ke vivecana kA nirdeza hai| isa taraha kA ullekha zvetAmbara samavAyAMga meM nahIM milatA hai tathA dravyoM kI samAnatA kA nirUpaNa karane vAlI zailI vartamAna samavAyAMga meM upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| paM. kailAzacandra ne samavAyAMga aura naMdI kI tulanA karate hue kahA hai ki samavAyAMga meM dvAdazAMga kA varNana naMdI se prAyaH akSaraza: mela khAlA hai| ata: DaoN. bebara kA kahanA thA ki hameM yaha vizvAsa karane ke lie bAdhya honA par3atA hai ki nandI aura samavAyAMga meM pAye jAne vAle samAna varNanoM kA mUla AdhAra nandI hai aura yaha kArya samavAya ke saMgrAhaka kA yA lekhaka kA honA caahie| kintu hamAre isa anumAna meM yaha kaThinAI hai ki nandI aura samayavAya kI

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [269] zailI meM antara hai| kintu samavAya se naMdI kI viSayasUcI bahuta saMkSipta hai| isase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki nandI meM datta viSayasUcI prAcIna hai| isake sivAya naMdI kI dvAdazAMga kI viSayasUcI ko lekara jo pAThabheda pAye jAte haiM, nizcaya hI samavAyAMga ke pAThoM meM uttama evaM prAcIna hai| 62 5. vyAkhyA prajJapti (bhagavatI) jisake dvArA jIvAdi padArthoM kA vivecana kiyA jAye, vaha 'vyAkhyA' hai| jisameM vyAkhyA karake jIva Adi padArthoM ko samajhAyA jAtA ho, vaha 'vyAkhyAprajJapti' hai| vyAkhyAtmaka kathana hone se ise vyAkhyAprajJapti kahate haiM tathA pUjya aura vizAla hone se yaha bhagavatI ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| bhagavatI sUtra meM svasiddhAnta, parasiddhAnta, jIva, ajIva, loka, aloka Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai sAtha hI isameM aneka deva, rAjA, rAjarSiyoM dvArA pUche gaye praznoM kA zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ne dravya, guNa, kSetra, paryAya, pradeza, pariNAma, yathAtathyabhAva, anugama, nikSepa, naya, pramANa, sUkSma upakrama Adi vividha prakAra se prakAzita tathA lokAloka ke svarUpa ko prakAzita karane vAle vistRta saMsAra samudra ko pAra karavAne meM samartha, bhavyajanoM ke citta ko Anandita karane vAle, ajJAna rUpI andhakAra ko naSTa karane vAle, dIpaka ke samAna padArthoM ko prakAzita karake buddhi ko bar3hAne vAle, chattIsa hajAra praznoM kA uttara diyA hai| jo ki aneka prakAra se zrutArtha ko prakAzita karane vAle mahAn guNoM se yukta ziSyoM ke lie hitakArI haiN| naMdIsUtra ke anusAra isake eka zrutaskaMdha aura eka sau se kucha adhika zataka (adhyayana) haiN| 36000 praznottara haiN| 2 lAkha 88 hajAra pada haiM tathA vartamAna meM 1575 zloka parimANa akSara haiN| AcArAMga se lekara samavAyAMga taka padoM kA parimANa dugunA-dugunA batAyA gayA hai, kintu samAvAyAMga sUtra meM vyAkhyAprajJapti ke padoM meM dviguNatA nahIM batAyI gaI hai, kyoMki vahAM para caurAsI hajAra padoM kA spaSTa ullekha hai, jo ki vartamAna meM upalabdha hai| jabaki nandI meM do lAkha 88 hajAra padoM kA ullekha karate hue dviguNatA kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| digambara paramparA ke jayadhavalA grantha ke anusAra jIva hai yA nahIM hai? jIva eka hai yA aneka hai? jIva nitya hai yA anitya hai? jIva vaktavya hai yA avaktavya hai, tIrthakara ke pAsa meM pUche gaye isa prakAra ke gaNadhara ke sATha hajAra praznoM ke uttara isa Agama meM haiM tathA chiyAnave hajAra jJApanIya zubha aura azubha kA varNana hai| isameM do lAkha aThAI hajAra pada haiN| samIkSA - donoM paramparAoM meM bhagavatI kI viSaya vastu lagabhaga samAna hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM chattIsa hajAra aura digambara paramparA meM tatvArthavArtika meM sATha hajAra praznoM ke uttaroM kA ullekha hai, jabaki jayadhavalA meM sATha hajAra praznottaroM ke sAtha 96 hajAra chinnaccheda nayoM kA bhI varNana hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM varNita 36000 praznoM ke samAdhAna ko prApta kara nara se nArAyaNa, puruSa se puruSottama, bhakta se bhagavAn bana sakate haiN| jJAnAdi sampUrNa aizvarya se jo yukta ho use bhagavAn kahate haiN| isa sUtra kA adhyayana karane se AtmA jJAtA, vijJAtA banakara bhakta se bhagavAn bana jAtA hai| yaha sUtra bhakta se bhagavAn banAtA hai isaliye ise bhagavatI sUtra bhI kahate haiN| AcArAGga se lekara dRSTivAda taka bAraha aGga sUtra haiM unameM dRSTivAda sabase bar3A aGga sUtra hai| parantu vaha to pratyeka tIrthaGkara ke do pATa taka hI calatA hai| phira vicchinna ho jAtA hai| isa samaya dRSTivAda kA viccheda ho jAne se vipAka sUtra taka 11 aGga hI upalabdha hote haiN| ina 11 aGgoM meM yaha vyAkhyA prajJapti aGga sabase bar3A hai| isaliye bhI ise bhagavatI sUtra kahate haiN| 362. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pUrva pIThikA, pR. 653-654 363. chinno dvidhAkRtaH pRthakkRta: cheda: paryanto yena se chinnaccheda: pratyekaM vikalpita paryantaH ityrth| - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 56

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[270] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 6. jJAtAdharmakathA jJAta kA artha hai - udAharaNa aura dharmakathA kA artha hai - ahiMsAdi kA pratipAdana karane vAlI kthaa| aise jJAta aura dharmakathAe~ jisa sUtra meM hoM, use 'jJAtA-dharmakathA' kahate haiN| jJAtA dharmakathA ke jJAtA vibhAga meM nAyakoM ke nagara, nagara ke udyAna, caitya, vanakhaNDa, nagara meM dharmAcArya kA padArpaNa, sevA meM rAjA, mAtA-pitA Adi kA gamana, dharmAcArya kI dharmakathA, nAyaka kI ihalaukika-pAralaukika viziSTa Rddhi, bhogoM kA parityAga, dIkSA kA grahaNa, dIkSA paryAya kA kAla, zAstrAbhyAsa, tapArAdhanA, saMlekhanA, bhaktapratyAkhyAna, pAdapopagamana, devaloka prApti, ucca manuSya kula meM punarjanma, punaH bodhilAbha aura antakriyA Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| tIrthaGkara bhagavAn ke vinaya mUlaka dharma meM dIkSita hone vAle, saMyama kI pratijJA ko pAlane meM durbala bane hue, tapa niyama tathA upadhAna tapa rUpI raNa meM saMyama ke bhAra se bhagna citta bane hue ghora parISahoM se parAjita bane hue jJAna, darzana, cAritra rUpa mokSa mArga se parAGmukha bane hue, tuccha viSaya sukhoM kI AzA ke vazIbhUta evaM mUchita bane hue sAdhu ke vividha prakAra ke AcAra se zUnya aura jJAna darzana cAritra kI virAdhanA karane vAle vyaktiyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai aura yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki ve isa apAra saMsAra meM nAnA durgatiyoM meM aneka prakAra kA duHkha bhogate hue bahuta kAla taka bhava bhramaNa karate rheNge| isake viparIta jo saMyama meM sthira rahate haiM, usameM parAkrama karate haiM, viSayoM ko tuccha samajhate haiM, ghora upasarga-parISahoM ko jItate haiN| ve Atma kA kalyANa karake mokSa ko prApta hote haiN| isa prakAra jJAna darzana cAritra kI ArAdhanA karane vAle vyaktiyoM kA jJAtAdharmakathA sUtra meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM do zrutaskandha haiM, pahale zrutaskandha meM 19 adhyayana haiN| saMkhyAta hajAra pada (arthAt 576000 pada) haiM, saMkhyeya akSara haiM tathA vartamAna meM 5450 zloka pariNAma haiN| vartamAna meM jo dUsarA zrutaskandha upalabdha hotA hai usameM dharmakathAoM ke dvArA dharma kA svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai| teIsaveM tIrthaGkara puruSAdAnIya bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke pAsa dIkSA lI huI 206 AryikAoM (sAdhviyoM) kA varNana hai| ve saba cAritra kI virAdhaka bana gayI thii| antima samaya meM usakI AlocanA aura pratikramaNa kiye binA hI kAla dharma ko prApta ho gayI thii| bhavanapatiyoM ke uttara aura dakSiNa ke bIsa indroM ke tathA vANavyantara devoM ke dakSiNa aura uttara dizA ke battIsa indroM kI evaM candra, sUrya, prathama devaloka ke indra, saudharmendra (zakendra) tathA dUsare devaloka ke indra IzAnendra kI agramahiSiyA~ huI haiN| vahA~ se cyava kara mahAvideha kSetra meM janma lekara siddha buddha mukta ho jAyeMgI / dUsare zrutaskandha ke dasa varga haiN| unameM ekaeka dharmakathA meM pA~ca sau-pA~ca sau AkhyAyikAeM haiN| eka-eka AkhyAyikA meM pA~ca sau-pA~ca sau upAkhyAyikAeM haiN| eka-eka upAkhyAyikA meM pA~ca sau-pA~ca sau AkhyAyikA+upAkhyAyikA haiM, isa prakAra eka araba paccIsa karor3a kathAeM haiN| parantu apunarakta mAtra saba milAkara sADhe tIna karor3a kathAeM haiM, aisA kahA hai| lekina vartamAna meM itanI kathAoM kA varNana upalabdha nahIM hai| digambara paramparA ke anusAra isameM nAtha arthAt tInoM lokoM ke IzvaroM ke svAmI tIrthaMkara parama bhaTTAraka kI dharmakathA hai| isameM jIvAdi vastuoM ke svabhAva kA kathana hai, ghAtikarmoM ke kSaya ke anantara kevalajJAna ke sAtha utpanna tIrthaMkara nAmaka puNyAtizaya se jinakI mahimA bar3ha gayI hai, una tIrthaMkaroM kI pUrvAhna, madhyAhna, aparAhna aura ardharAtri meM chaha-chaha ghar3I kAla paryanta bAraha gaNoM kI sabhA ke madhya svabhAva se divyadhvani kI vAgaraNA hotI hai, anya samaya meM bhI gaNadhara, indra aura cakravartI ke prazna karane para vAgaraNA sunane ko milatI hai| isa prakAra utpanna huI divyadhvani samasta

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [271] nikaTavartI zrotAgaNoM ke uttama kSamAdi lakSaNa rUpa ratnatrayAtmaka dharma kA kathana karatI hai| athavA jJAtA jijJAsu gaNadhara deva ke prazna ke anusAra uttara vAkyarUpa dharmakathA, pUche gaye astitva-nAstitva Adi ke svarUpa kA kathana athavA jJAtA tIrthaMkara gaNadhara, indra, cakravartI Adi ke dharmAnubandhI kathopakathana jisameM hoM, vaha jJAtRdharmakathA nAmaka chaThA aMga hai| isameM pAMca lAkha chappanna hajAra pada hote haiN| samIkSA - donoM paramparAoM meM viSaya vastu kI kucha samAnatA hai| yadyapi tattvArthavArtika meM aneka AkhyAna-upAkhyAna kahe haiM, parantu jayadhavalA meM jJAtAdharma kI 19 dharmakathAoM ke kathana kA hI ullekha milatA hai jo saMbhavata: 19 adhyayanoM kA dyotaka hai| isa aMgasUtra ke zabdArtha para vicAra karate haiM to digambara paramparA meM ise nAthadharmakathA (NAhadhammakahA) kahate haiM aura zvetAmbara jJAtRdharmakathA (NAyAdhammakahA) 'nAtha' se digambara paramparA ke anusAra nAthavaMzIya mahAvIra kA aura 'jJAta' se zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra jJAtRvaMzIya mahAvIra kA hI bodha hotA hai| 7. upAsakadazA __ 'upAsaka' kA artha hai - zramaNa nirgrantha kI upAsanA karane vaalaa| aise upAsaka gRhasthoM ke jisameM caritra hoM, use - 'upAsakadasA' kahate haiN| upAsakadasA meM zramaNopAsakoM ke nagarAdi kA varNana jJAtAdharmakathAMga ke samAna hI hai| vizeSa rUpa se cAra zikSAvrata, tIna guNavrata, pAMca aNuvrata, dasa prakAra ke pratyAkhyAna Adi, aSTamI caturdazI amAvasyA pUrNimA ko pauSadhopavAsa, zrAvaka kI 11 pratimAeM, devAdi kaSTa, saMlekhanA, bhaktapratyAkhyAna, pAdapopagamana, devaloka prApti, ucca manuSyakula meM punarjanma, punaH bodhilAbha aura antakriyA Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isakA eka zrutaskaMdha hai, dasa adhyayana haiN| saMkhyAta hajAra pada (arthAt gyAraha lAkha bAvana hajAra pada) haiM tathA vartamAna meM 812 zloka parimANa haiN| upAsakadasA meM caraNa karaNa kI prarUpaNA hai| digambara paramparA ke anusAra 'upAsate' jo AhAra Adi dAna ke dvArA pUjAvidhAna ke dvArA saMgha kI ArAdhanA karate haiM, ve upAsaka haiN| ve upAsaka darzanika, vratika, sAmAyika, pauSadhopavAsa, sacittavirata, rAtribhaktavrata, brahmacarya, Arambhavirata, parigrahavirata, anumatavirata, uddiSTavirata zrAvakoM ne ina gyAraha bhedoM (zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimA) se sambaddha vrata, guNa, zIla, AcAra, kriyA, mantra Adi vistAra se jimameM 'adhIyante' paDhe jAte haiM, vaha upAsakAdhyayana nAmaka sAtavAM aMga hai| isameM gyAraha lAkha sattara hajAra pada hai| samIkSA - donoM paramparAoM meM upAsakoM ke AcAra Adi ke varNana kI apekSA se viSayavastu lagabhaga samAna hai| dazA zabda 10 saMkhyA kA bodhaka hai| isa prakAra yaha aMga-grantha svanAmAnurUpa hai| dhavalA aura jayadhavalA meM upAsakoM kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA bhI ullekha hai, parantu tattvArthavArtika meM aisA ullekha nahIM hai| vartamAna upAsakadasAMga meM jina dasa zrAvakoM kA varNana hai, vahI nAma sthAnAMgasUtra meM prApta hote hai| lekina samavAyAMga aura naMdI meM Ananda Adi 10 upAsakoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha to nahIM hai, parantu 10 adhyayana saMkhyA se 10 upAsakoM kI puSTi hotI hai| digambara sAhitya meM isa viSaya meM koI ullekha nahIM hai| 8. antakRddazA antakRt kA artha hai-jinhoMne karma yA saMsAra kA anta kiyA, aise sAdhuoM kA jisameM caritra ho, use 'antakRddasA' kahate haiN| antakRddasA meM saMsAra kA anta karane vAle muniyoM ke nagara ityAdi kA varNana jJAtAdharmakathAMga ke samAna hai| isake eka zrutaskaMdha meM ATha varga haiN| ana ATha vargoM meM 90

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[272] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana adhyayana haiN| saMkhyeya hajAra ( arthAt 23 lAkha 4 hajAra) pada haiM tathA vartamAna meM 850 zloka parimANa haiN| aMtagaDadasA meM caraNa karaNa kI prarUpaNA hai / digambara paramparA ke anusAra jinhoMne saMsAra kA anta kara diyA hai, ve antakRt kahe jAte haiN| pratyeka tIrthaM meM dasa-dasa muni cAra prakAra ke tIvra upasarga ko sahakara indrAdi ke dvArA racita pUjAdi pratihAryoM kI sambhAvanA ko prApta karake karmoM ke kSaya ke anantara saMsAra kA anta karate haiM, isalie unheM 'antakRt' kahate haiN| zrI vardhamAna tIrthaMkara ke tIrtha meM nami, mataMga, somila, rAmaputra, sudarzana, yamalIka, valIka, kiSkaMvila, pAlamba, aSTaputra ye daza antakRt hue| rAjavArtika meM ina dasa nAmoM meM bhinnatA hai| (nami, mataMga, somila, rAmaputra, sudarzana, yama, vAlmIka, valIka, niSkaMbala, pAlAMbaSTha) isI prakAra RSabhadeva Adi ke bhI tIrtha meM hue / eka-eka tIrthaMkara ke tIrtha meM nAnAprakAra ke dAruNa upasargoM ko sahanakara aura prAtihArya arthAt atizaya vizeSoM ko prAptakara nirvANa ko prApta dasa-dasa antakRtoM kA varNana ho, vaha aMga antakRddazAMga hai| isameM 23 lAkha 28 hajAra pada hai| - samIkSA antakRtadazA zabda kA artha TIkAkAra zrI abhayadeva sUri ne isa prakAra kiyA hai| 'anto bhavAntaH kRto vihito yaiste'ntakRtAstad vaktavyatA pratibaddhA dazAH / dazAdhyayanarUpA granthapaddhataya iti antakRtadazAH / ' arthAt jina mahApuruSoM ne bhava kA anta kara diyA hai, ve 'antakRta' kahalAte haiN| una mahApuruSoM kA varNana jina dazA arthAt adhyayanoM meM kiyA ho, una adhyayanoM se yukta zAstra ko 'antakRta dazA' kahate haiM / isa sUtra ke prathama aura antima varga ke dasadasa adhyayana hone se isako "dazA" kahA hai| 4 - koI koI 'antakRt' zabda kA aisA artha karate haiM ki- 'jo mahApuruSa antima zvAsocchvAsa meM kevalajJAna prApta kara mokSa meM gaye haiM unheM antakRt kahate haiN|' kintu yaha artha zAstra - sammata nahIM hai| kyoMki kevalajJAna hote hI terahavA~ guNasthAna prApta hotA hai / 13 veM guNasthAna kA nAma 'sayogI kevalI guNasthAna' hai| isa guNasthAna meM yogoM kI pravRtti rahatI hai| isakI sthiti jaghanya antarmuhUrtta utkRSTa dezona karor3a pUrva kI hai / terahaveM guNasthAna ke anta meM saba yogoM kA nirodha kara dete haiN| isake bAda sAdhaka 14veM guNasthAna meM jAte haiM / isaliye isa guNasthAna kA nAma ayogI kevalI guNasthAna hai| isakI sthiti a, i, u, R, lR ye pAMca hrasva akSara uccAraNa karane jitanI hai| isaliye antima zvAsocchvAsa meM kevalajJAna utpanna hone kI bAta kahanA ThIka nahIM hai / kevalajJAna hone ke bAda 13veM guNasthAna meM kucha Thahara kara usake bAda 'ayogI - kevalI' nAmaka 14vA~ guNasthAna prApta hotA hai / ata: TIkAkAra ne jo artha kiyA hai, vahI ThIka hai| isa prakAra bhava (caturgati rUpa saMsAra) kA anta karane vAlI mahAn AtmAoM meM se kucha mahAn AtmAoM ke jIvana kA varNana isa sUtra meM diyA gayA hai isaliye ise antakRta dazA sUtra kahate haiM / naMdIcUrNikAra ke anusAra prathama varga meM dasa adhyayana haiM, isalie yaha aMtakRtdazA hai / 364 sthAnAMga, tattvArthavArtika, dhavalA, jayadhavalA Adi meM nami Adi bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM hue dasa antakRtoM ke nAma prAyaH eka samAna milate haiN| samavAyAMga, naMdI meM ina nAmoM kA ullekha nahIM hai / digambara granthoM ke anusAra isameM na kevala bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya ke 10 antakRtoM kA varNana rahA hai, apitu caubIsoM tIrthakaroM ke samaya meM hue 10-10 antakRtoM kA varNana rahA hai| vartamAna me isameM na to 10 adhyayana haiM aura na nami Adi antakRtoM kA varNana hai / sthAnAMga meM isake 10 364. paDhamavagge dasa ajjhayaNa tti tassaMkkhato aMtagaDadasa tti / naMdIcUrNi, pR. 104 -

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [273] adhyayana, samavAyAMga meM 10 adhyayanoM ke alAvA sAta vargoM kA tathA nandI meM kevala ATha vargoM kA ullekha hai| vartamAna aMtagaDadasA ke prathama varga meM jina dasa adhyayanoM kA ullekha hai, ve dasa adhyayana sthAnAMga meM varNita dasa nAmoM se bhinna hai|65 9. anuttaraupapAtika anuttaraupapAtika kA artha hai-jisase bar3hakara zreSTha evaM pradhAna anya koI devaloka nahIM hai, aise sarvottama devaloka meM jo utpanna hue haiM, aise sAdhuoM kA jisameM caritra ho, use 'anuttara aupapAtika dasA' kahate haiN| anuttara vimAna pAMca haiM, yathA - vijaya, vaijayanta, jayanta, aparAjita aura srvaarthsiddh| yahA~ dazA zabda kA artha adhyayana vizeSa hai| anuttara aupapAtikadazA meM anuttara aupapAtikoM ke nagarAdi kA varNana jJAtAdharmakathAMga ke samAna hai| isake eka zrutaskaMdha meM tIna varga haiM, pahale varga meM dasa, dUsare varga meM teraha aura tIsare varga meM dasa adhyayana haiN| isa prakAra isameM taiMtIsa adhyayana haiN| saMkhyeya hajAra (arthAt 46 lAkha 8 hajAra) pada haiM tathA vartamAna meM 192 zloka parimANa haiN| digambara paramparA ke anusAra upapAda jinakA prayojana hai, ve aupapAtika haiN| vijaya, vaiyajanta, jayanta, aparAjita aura sarvArthasiddhi nAmaka anuttaroM meM upapAda janma lene vAle anuttaraupapAdika hote haiN| pratyeka tIrtha meM dasa-dasa muni dAruNa mahAn upasargoM ko sahakara pratihArya prApta karake samAdhipUrvaka prANoM ko tyAgakara vijayAdi anuttara vimAnoM meM utpanna hue haiM, unakA varNana anuttaraupapAdikadazA nAmaka nauveM aMga meM hai| RSidAsa, dhanya, sunakSatra, kArtika, nanda nandana zAlibhadra, abhaya, vAriSeNa, cilAtaputra ye dasa bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke tIrtha meM anuttaraupapAdika hue hai| isameM 92 lAkha 44 hajAra pada haiN| samIkSA - digambara sAhitya ke varNana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki antakRddazA ke samAna 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke tIrtha meM hone vAle 10-10 anuttaraupapAtikoM kA varNana anuttaraupapAtikadazA sUtra meM hai| lekina aisA ullekha zvetAmbara sAhitya meM aisA varNana nahIM hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM jo 10 anuttaraupapAtika hue unake nAmoM kA sthAnAMga meM ullekha haiM, usameM se pAMca nAma digambara granthoM meM bhI milate haiN| sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga meM isake 10 adhyayanoM kA ullekha hai| nandI meM adhyayanoM kA ullekha hI nahIM hai| vartamAna grantha meM varNita kevala tIna nAma aise haiM jo sthAnAMga aura digambara granthoM meM samAnatA rakhate haiN| vartamAna anuttaraupapAtika meM jina dasa adhyayanoM kA ullekha hai, ve dasa adhyayana sthAnAMga meM varNita dasa adhyayanoM ke nAmoM se bhinna hai|66 10. praznavyAkaraNa jisameM prazna kA vyAkaraNa arthAt uttara ho, use 'praznavyAkaraNa' kahate haiN| prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa meM 108 praznoM, 108 apraznoM tathA 108 prazna-apraznoM ke mAdhyama se tInoM kAloM ke zubha-azubha kahane vAlI vidyAoM kA nirUpaNa hai, isameM 1. aMgUThe se hI prazna ke zubhAzubha phala kA sunAI denA 2. bAhuprazna - bAhu se hI prazna ke zubhAzubha phala kA sunAI denA 3. Adarza prazna - darpaNa meM zubhAzubha phala kA dRzya dikhAI denA Adi saikar3oM vicitra vidyAe~ aura vidyAoM ke atizaya kA tathA muniyoM ke jo nAgakumAra, svarNakumAra Adi ke sAtha divya saMvAda hue unakA varNana thaa| isakA eka zrutaskaMdha hai| 45 adhyayana haiN| adhyayana haiN| saMkhyAta hajAra (arthAt 92 lAkha 16 hajAra) pada haiM tathA vartamAna meM 1300 zloka parimANa haiN| kintu yaha praznavyAkaraNa vartamAna meM anupalabdha hai| vartamAna upalabdha praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM do zrutaskandha haiN| pahale zrutaskandha kA nAma Asrava dvAra 365. sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 10, pR. 727 366. sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 10, pR. 728

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[274] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana hai, isameM 1. prANAtipAta 2. mRSAvAda 3. adattAdAna 4. abrahma aura 5. parigraha, ye pA~ca adhyayana haiN| jinakA 1. svarUpa 2. nAma 3. kriyA 4. phala aura 5. kartA, ina pA~ca ke mAdhyama se varNana kiyA gayA hai| jaiseki hiMsA kA mahAduHkhakArI phala jIva ko bhoganA par3atA hai| isaliye sukhArthI puruSa ko hiMsA kA sarvathA tyAga kara denA caahie| asatyavAdI puruSa ko naraka, tiryaJca gatiyoM meM janma lekara aneka duHkha bhogane par3ate haiN| adattAdAna (corI) karane vAle prANiyoM ko isa loka meM rAjya kI tarapha se mRtyu daNDa taka diyA jAtA hai aura paraloka meM naraka-tiryaMca gati meM janma lekara aneka duHkha bhogane par3ate haiN| abrahma (maithuna) kA sevana kAyara puruSa hI karate haiM, zUravIra nahIM / isakA sevana kitane hI samaya taka kiyA jAya, kintu tRpti nahIM hotii| jo rAjA, mahArAjA, vAsudeva, cakravartI, indra, narendra Adi isameM pha~se huye haiM ve atRpta avasthA meM hI kAla dharma ko prApta ho jAte haiM aura durgati meM jAkara vahA~ aneka prakAra ke duHkha bhogate haiN| parigraha jo pApa kA bApa hai usameM adhika phaMsane se sukha prApta nahIM hotaa| kintu santoSa se hI sukha kI prApti hotI hai| ina AsravoM kA pApakArI phala batAkara ina se nivRtta hone kI zAstrakAra ne preraNA dI hai| dUsare zrutaskandha kA nAma saMvara dvAra hai| isameM 1. ahiMsA 2. satya 3. datta 4. brahmacarya aura 5. aparigraha, ye pA~ca adhyayana haiN| jinakA svarUpa Adi se varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra isameM ahiMsA Adi kA bahuta sundara zabdoM meM varNana kiyA hai tathA yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki saMvara dvAroM kI samyak prakAra se ArAdhanA karane se jIva ko mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| digambara paramparA ke anusAra prazna arthAt dUtavAkya, naSTa, muSTi, cintAdi viSayaka prazna kA trikAla gocara artha, jo dhanadhAnya Adi kI lAbha-hAni, sukha-duHkha, jIvana-maraNa, jaya-parAjaya Adi se sambaddha hai, vaha jisameM vyAkriyate arthAt uttarita kiyA gayA ho, vaha praznavyAkaraNa hai| jisameM aMga hetu aura nayoM ke Azrita praznoM kA khaMDana aura maMDana dvArA vicAra karane kA varNana hai tathA laukika aura zAstrasaMbaMdhI donoM prakAra ke padArthoM kA bhI varNana hai| athavA ziSyoM ke prazna ke anusAra AkSepaNI (jisa kathA meM pakSa kA sthApana hai), vikSepiNI (jisameM khaMDana hai), saMvedinI (jisameM yathAvat pakSa Adi kA jJAna ho) aura nirvedinI (jisameM saMsAra se bhaya ho) ye cAra kathAeM jisameM varNita ho, vaha praznavyAkaraNa hai| isameM tirAnaveM lAkha solaha hajAra pada haiN| samIkSA - zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu digambara paramparA meM varNita praznavyAkaraNa se milatI hai| lekina vartamAna meM prApta praznavyAkaraNa se koI samAnatA nahIM hai| vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa meM jina pAMca Azrava aura saMvara dvAroM kA ullekha haiM usake viparIta sthAnAMga meM varNita dasa adhyayanoM ke nAma bhinna hai, yathA upamA, saMkhyA, RSibhASita, AcAryabhASita, mahAvIrabhASita, kSaumakaprazna, komalaprazna, Adarzaprazna, aMguSThaprazna aura baahuprshn|67 AcArya mahAprajJa ke anusAra yadi naMdIsUtrakAra ke sammukha pAMca Azrava tathA saMvara dvAroM kA nirUpaNa hotA to ve unakA ullekha avazya karate haiN| unhoMne ullekha nahIM kiyA isakA yaha artha hai ki vartamAna meM prApta praznavyAkaraNa ke svarUpa kI racanA devardhigaNi ke uttarakAla meM huI hai|68 11. vipAka sUtra jJAnAvaraNIya Adi ATha karmoM ke zubha aura azubha pariNAmoM ko vipAka kahate haiN| aise karma vipAka kA varNana jisa sUtra meM ho vaha vipAka sUtra kahalAtA hai| vipAka kA artha hai-zubha-azubha 367. sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 10, pR. 728 368. acArya mahAprajJa, naMdI, pR. 174

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [275] karmoM kI sthiti pakane para unakA udaya meM AyA huA pariNAma (phl)| vipAkazruta meM sukRta aura duSkRta karmoM ke phalasvarUpa hone vAlA pariNAma kahA jAtA hai| isake do zrutaskaMdha haiM, pahale zrutaskandha kA nAma duHkha vipAka hai aura dUsare kA nAma sukha vipAka hai| duHkha kA svarUpa samajha lene para sukha kA svarUpa saralatA se samajha meM A sakatA hai| isIliye pahale duHkha vipAka kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| duHkha vipAka meM hiMsAdi duSkRta karmoM ke phalasvarUpa duHkha pariNAma pAne vAle dasa jIvoM ke nagara, mAtA-pitA, nAyaka kI ihalaukika pAralaukika viziSTa Rddhi, narakAdi gati meM gamana tathA se ekendriya se paMcendriya ke jo aneka janma kiye, kareMge ityAdi kA vistAra se varNana hai| sukha vipAka meM dharmadAna Adi sukRta karmoM ke phalasvarUpa sukhada pariNAma pAne vAle dasa jIvoM ke nagara, mAtA pitA, bhogoM kA parityAga, dIkSA grahaNa, tapArAdhana, saMlekhanA, devaloka prApti, puna: bodhilAbha aura aMtakriyA Adi kA vistAra se varNana hai| sukha vipAka meM varNita vyaktiyoM ne pUrvabhava meM supAtra ko dAna diyA thaa| jisake phala svarUpa isa bhava meM utkRSTa Rddhi kI prApti huI aura saMsAra paritta (halakA) kiyaa| Rddhi kA tyAga karake ina sabhI ne saMyama aGgIkAra kiyA aura devaloka meM gye| Age manuSya aura devatA ke zubha bhava karate hue mahAvideha kSetra se mokSa prApta kreNge| supAtra dAna kA mAhAtmya ina kathAoM se bhalI prakAra jJAta hotA hai| isake do zrutaskaMdha haiN| bIsa adhyayana haiN| saMkhyeya sahasra (arthAt 1 karor3a 84 lAkha 32 hajAra) pada haiN| saMkhyeya akSara hai tathA vartamAna meM 1250 zloka parimANa haiN| digambara paramparA ke anusAra dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva ke Azraya se zubha aura azubha karmoM ke tIvra-manda-madhyama vikalpa zakti rUpa anubhAga (phaladAna) ke udaya ko vipAka kahate haiN| usakA jisa sUtra meM varNana hai, usako vipAka sUtra kahate haiN| samIkSA - vipAka sUtra kI viSaya vastu kA vistAra se jitanA varNana zvetAmbara sAhitya meM upalabdha hai| utanA digambara sAhitya meM nahIM hai| phira bhI yaha nizcita hai ki donoM paramparA meM varNita vipAka sUtra kI viSaya vastu lagabhaga samAna hai| gyAraha aMgoM ke padoM kA yoga dugune-dugune kI ginatI se 3 karor3a 68 lAkha 46 sahasra hai| vartamAna meM mAtra 35 sahasra 6 sau 26 zloka parimANa akSara rahe haiN| 69 zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM mAnya padoM kI saMkhyA kA cArTa nimna cArTa meM gyAraha aMgoM ke padoM kI saMkhyA zvetAmbara paramparA ke naMdIsUtra evaM usakI vRtti (koSThaka meM) tathA samavAyAMga sUtra aura usakI vRtti (koSThaka meM) ke AdhAra se evaM digambara paramparA ke kasAyapAhuDa ke AdhAra se dI gaI hai| pravacanasAroddhAra meM naMdIsUtra kI TIkA ke anusAra hI gyAraha aMgoM ke padoM kI saMkhyA prApta hotI hai| 70 aMgapraviSTa zve0 paramparA meM padoM kI saMkhyA di0 paramparA meM padoM kI saMkhyA naMdIsUtra evaM vRtti samavAyAMgasUtra evaM vRtti kaSAyapAhuDa 1. AcArAMga 18000 18000 18000 2. sUtrakRtAMga 36000 36000 36000 3. sthAnAMga 72000 72000 42000 4. samavAyAMga 144000 144000 164000 369. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 230 370. pravacanasAroddhAra bhAga 1, pR. 395

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[276] 5. vyAkhyAprajJapti 288000 6. jJAtAdharma kathAMga 7. upAsakadasAMga saMkhyAta hajAra (576000) saMkhyAta hajAra (1152000) saMkhyAta hajAra (2304000) 8. aMtakRtadasAMga 9. anuttaraupapAttikadasAMga saMkhyAta hajAra (4608000) 10. praznavyAkaraNa 11. vipAka zruta dRSTivAda vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana - aneka dRSTiyoM (darzanoM) kA jahA~ kathana (vAda) hai, athavA sabhI dRSTiyA~ jahA~ Akara gire (pAta) vaha dRSTivAda hai| kisI bhI dravya yA padArtha meM rahe hue dravyatva, anantaguNa tathA anantaparyAya meM se kisI eka ko mukhya karake tathA anya ko gauNa karake jAnanA, dekhanA, samajhanA, kahanA 'naya' hai| jaise - jIva ke janmamaraNAdi ko mukhya karake jIva ko 'anitya' athavA bhavabhavAntara meM avinAzIpana ko mukhya karake nitya kahanA naya hai| jisameM sabhI naya-dRSTiyoM kA kathana ho, use 'dRSTivAda' kahate haiM / sthAnAMga sUtra (sthAna 10) meM dRSTivAda ke dasa nAma batAye haiM, yathA- 1. dRSTivAda - jisameM bhinna bhinna darzanoM kA svarUpa batAyA gayA ho, 2. hetuvAda - jisameM anumAna ke pAMca avayavoM kA svarUpa batAyA gayA ho| 3. bhUtavAda - jisameM sadbhUta padArthoM kA varNana kiyA gayA ho| 4. tattvavAda jisameM tattvoM kA varNana ho athavA tathyavAda - jisameM tathya yAnI satya padArthoM kA varNana ho| 5. samyagvAda - jisameM vastuoM kA samyag svarUpa batalAyA gayA ho| 6. dharmavAda - jisameM vastu ke paryAyoM kA athavA cAritra kA varNana kiyA gayA ho| 7. bhASAvijayavAda - jisameM satya, asatya Adi bhASAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA ho| 8. pUrvagata vAda - jisameM utpAda Adi caudaha pUrvoM kA varNana kiyA gayA ho| 9. anuyogagatavAda - anuyoga do taraha kA hai - prathamAnuyoga aura gaNDikAnuyoga / ina donoM anuyogoM kA jisameM varNana ho use anuyogagatavAda kahate haiM / 10. sarva prANabhUtajIva sattva sukhAvaha dvIndriya, trIndriya aura caturindriya ko prANa kahate haiM / vanaspati ko bhUta kahate haiN| paJcendriya prANiyoM ko jIva kahate haiM / pRthvIkAya, apkAya, teukAya aura vAyukAya ko sattva kahate haiN| ina saba prANiyoM ko sukha kA dene vAlA vAda sarva prANa bhUta jIva sattva sukhAvaha vAda kahate haiM / - digambara sAhitya ke anusAra isa bArahaveM aMga meM 363 mithyAdRSTiyoM ke svarUpa kA vistAra se nirUpaNa karate hue khaMDana kiyA gayA hai| mithyAdRSTiyoM ke 363 bhedoM meM mUla rUpa se cAra bheda haiM kriyAvAdI (180), akriyAvAdI (84), ajJAnavAdI (67) aura vinayavAdI ( 32 ) / inake uttara bhedoM ko milAne para kula 363 pAMkhaDa mata hote haiN| isa aMga ke padoM kA pramANa eka sau ATha karoDa aDasaTha lAkha chappana hajAra pAMca hai| akalaMka ne rAjavArtika meM inakA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai, mukhya rUpa se usI ko AdhAra banAte hue dhavalATIkA aura gommaTasAra ke viSaya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yahA~ ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai| dRSTivAda ke bheda dRSTivAda ke saMkSepa meM pAMca bheda isa prakAra haiM 1. parikarma - yogyatA saMpAdana kI bhUmikA 2. sUtra - viSaya sUcanA anukramaNikA 3. pUrvagata mukhya pratipAdya viSaya 4. anuyoga - anukUla dRSTAnta kathAnaka 5. cUlikA - ukta anukta saMgraha 71 371. naMdIsUtra, pR. 190 - 84000 228000 556000 saMkhyAta hajAra (576000) saMkhyAta hajAra (1152000) 1170000 saMkhyAta hajAra (2304000) 2328000 saMkhyAta hajAra (4608000) 9244000 saMkhyAta hajAra (9216000) saMkhyAta hajAra (9216000) 9316000 saMkhyAta hajAra (18432000 ) saMkhyAta hajAra (18432000) 18400000 -

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [27] digambara sAhitya meM bhI dRSTivAda ke pAMca bheda kiye haiM - parikarma, sUtra, prathamAnuyoga, pUrvagata aura cuulikaa| 1. parikarma dRSTivAda ke cAra bhedoM sUtra, pUrvagata, anuyoga aura cUlikA ke sUtrArtha ko grahaNa karane kI yogyatA saMpAdana karane meM kAraNabhUta bhUmikA rUpa zAstra ko 'parikarma' kahate haiM arthAt pUrvo kA jJAna sIkhane ke lie yogyamati utpanna krnaa| isase buddhi viSaya ko grahaNa kara sake aisA parikarmita kiyA jAtA hai| jaise aMka, ginatI, pahAr3e, jor3a, bAkI, guNA, bhAga Adi sIkhe binA gaNita zAstra sIkhA nahIM jA sakatA hai, vaise hI dRSTivAda meM pahale parikarma zAstra ko sIkhe binA dRSTivAda ke zeSa bhedoM ko nahIM sIkhA jA sakatA, parikarma zAstra sIkhane para hI Age sIkhA jA sakatA hai| parikarma ke mUla bheda sAta haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM - 1. siddha-zreNikA parikarma 2. manuSya-zreNikA parikarma 3. pRSTa-zreNikA parikarma 4. avagAr3ha-zreNikA parikarma 5. upasaMpAdAna-zreNikA parikarma 6. viprajahana-zreNikA parikarma 7. cyuta-acyuta-zreNikA prikrm| naMdIsUtra meM parikarma ke ina mUla bhedoM ke bhI uttarabhedoM kA kathana namollekha sahita kiyA gayA hai, yathA, siddhazreNikA parikarma ke 14 bheda, manuSyazreNikA parikarma ke 14 bheda, pRSTazreNikA parikarma ke 11 bheda, avagAr3hazreNikA parikarma ke 11 bheda, upasaMpAdana-zreNikA parikarma ke 11 bheda, viprajahanazreNikA parikarma ke 11 bheda aura cyuta-acyuta-zreNikA parikarma ke 11 bheda haiM, yoM parikarma ke saba uttarabheda 83 hue 174 digambara sAhitya ke anusAra parikarma ke pAMca bheda haiM - 1. candraprajJapti 2. sUryaprajJapti 3. jambadvIpaprajJapti 4. dvIpasAgaraprajJapti 5. vyaakhyaaprjnypti| inakI pada saMkhyA aura viSaya kA varNana dhavalA375, gommaTasAra Adi granthoM meM kiyA gayA hai| ina pAMcoM ke padoM ko milAne para kula eka karor3a ikyAsI lAkha pAMca hajAra (18105000) pada haiN| 2. sUtra sabhI dravya, sabhI paryAya, sabhI naya, sabhI bhaMga vikalpoM ko batAne kA varNana sUtroM meM hotA hai| pUrvo meM rahe artha ko jo sUcita kare vaha sUtra, kyoMki sUtra saMkSepa meM hotA hai, kintu artha vizAla hotA hai| jaiseki tattvArtha sUtra artha se bahuta vizAla hai| sUtroM ke bAIsa bheda haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM - 1. Rju sUtra 2. pariNata 3. bahubhaMgika 4. vijaya carita 5. anantara 6. paraMpara 7. AsAna 8. saMyUtha 9. saMbhinna 10. yathAvAda 11. svastika Avarta 12. nandAvarta 13 bahula 14 pRSTa-apRSTa 15. vyAvarta 16. evaMbhUta 17. dvika Avarta 18. vartamAna pada 19. samabhirUr3ha 20. sarvatobhadra 21. praziSya 22. dussprtigrh| digambara sAhitya meM - 'sUtrayati' arthAt jo mithyAdRSTi darzanoM ko sUcita karatA hai, vaha sUtra hai| jIva abandhaka hai, akartA hai, nirguNa hai, abhoktA hai, svaprakAzaka nahIM hai, paraprakAzaka hai, jIva asti hI hai yA nAsti hI hai, ityAdi kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnI aura vainayika mithyAdRSTi ke 363 matoM 372. savArthasiddhi 1.20, rAjavArtika 1.20.12, dhavalA pu. 1, sU. 1.1.2, pu. 109, dhavalA pu. 9, sU. 4.1.40, pu. 205, gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa gAthA 361-362 pR. 600 373. pArasamuni, nadIsUtra, pR. 259 374. nadIsUtra, pR. 192-196 375. dhavalA pu.1, sU. 1.1.2 pR. 109-110, dhavalA pu. 1, sU. 4.1.45 pR. 206-207 376. gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa gAthA 361-362 pR. 601 377, gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa gAthA 363-364 pR. 604

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[278] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ko pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM kahA gayA hai| dhavalA pustaka 1 meM kahA hai ki isa sUtra nAmaka arthAkAra ke 88 adhikAroM meM se cAra adhikAroM kA nAma nirdeza milatA hai - 1. abandhakoM kA 2. trairAzikavAdiyoM kA 3. niyativAda kA 4. svasamaya prarUpaka kA 7 sUtra meM kula pada aThAsI lAkha (8800000) pada hai|79 3. pUrvagata ___tIrthaMkara, tIrthapravartana ke samaya gaNadharoM ke lie sabase pahale jo mahAn artha kahate haiM, una mahAn arthoM ko jisa sUtra meM gaNadhara gUMthate haiM, use 'pUrvagata' kahate haiN| Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 292-293 ke anusAra gaNadharoM ke dvArA inakI racanA dvAdazAMgI se pUrva kI gaI thI aura isakA AdhAra tIrthaMkara dvArA pharamAye gaye tIna mAtRkA pada (uppannei vA, vigamei vA, dhuvei vA) the| pUrvo kA jJAna viziSTa vidvAnoM ke lie hI bodhyagamya hai| isalie sAdhAraNa logoM ke lie pUrva kI racanA ke bAda dvAdazAMgI kI racanA kI jAtI hai|280 dazavaikAlikavRtti aura prabhAvaka caritra ke anusAra pUrvo kI bhASA saMskRta thii| gaNadhara jaba dvAdazAMgI kI racanA karate haiM, taba AcAra Adi ke krama se unakI racanA aura sthApanA hotI hai| dUsarA mata yaha hai ki tIrthaMkaroM ne sarvaprathama pUrvagata ko vyAkRta kiyA aura gaNadharoM ne bhI sabase pahale pUrvagata kI hI racanA kI aura bAda meM AcAra Adi kI racanA huii| yaha mata akSara racanA kI apekSA se hai, kintu sthApanA kI apekSA aura pAThyakrama kI apekSA AcArAMga pahale hai| 2 paMDita becaradAsajI pUrva kA artha pUrva paramparA se calA AyA huA jJAna arthAt tevIsaveM tIrthaMkara se cauvIsaveM tIrthaMkara kI paramparA meM Agata artha karate haiN| lekina yaha artha ucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai| pUrvadharoM ko zrutakevalI bhI kahA jAtA hai| ve jina nahIM hote hue bhI jina (tIrthaMkara) ke samAna hote haiM 183 catudarzapUrvadhArI (zrutakevalI) jo kucha bhI kahate haiM, vaha kisI bhI taraha dvAdazAMgI se viruddha nahIM hotaa| unameM aura kevalI meM itanA hI antara hotA hai ki jahA~ kevalI samagra tattva ko pratyakSa jAnate haiM kintu zrutakevalI parokSa rUpa se zrutajJAna dvArA jAnate haiN|84 isake alAvA dazapUrvadhArI Adi bhI niyamataH samyagdRSTi hote haiN|85 ataH inake graMthoM ko bhI Agama kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai| pUrvagata ke prakAra pUrvagata (pUrva) ke caudaha prakAra haiM - 1. utpAda pUrva 2. agrAyaNIya pUrva 3. vIryapravAda pUrva 4. astinAsti-pravAda pUrva 5. jJAnapravAda pUrva 6. satyapravAda pUrva 7. AtmapravAda pUrva 8. karmapravAda pUrva 9. pratyAkhyAnapravAda pUrva 10. vidyAnupravAda pUrva 11. avandhya (kalyANanAmadheya) pUrva 12. prANAyu (prANAvAya)pUrva 13. kriyAvizAla pUrva aura 14. loka-bindusAra puurv| 378. dhavalA pu.1, sU. 1.1.2 pR. 110-112, dhavalA pu. 9, sU. 4.1.45 pR. 207-208, gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa gAthA 361-362 379. gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa gAthA 363-364 pR. 603 380. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 551 381. prabhAvaka caritra zloka 113-114 382. jamhA titthapavattaNakAle gaNadharANa savvasuttAdhArattaNato puvvaM puvvagatasutatthaM bhAsati tamhA puvvaMti bhaNitA, gaNadharA puNa suttarayaNaM karentA AyArAikameNa raeMti ThaveMti ya, aNNayariyamateNaM puva puvvagatasuttattho puvvaM arahatA bhAsito gaNahare vi puvvagataM suttaM ceva puvvaM raitaM pacchA aayaaraae| - naMdIcUrNi pR. 111 383. samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa tinni sayA coddasapuvINaM ajiNANaMjiNasaMkAsANaM savvakkharasannivAINaM jiNo viva avitahaM vAgaramANANaM ukkosiyA coddasapuvvINaM saMpayA hotthaa| - dasAo (dazAzrutaskaMdha) pariziSTa, sU. 97 384. kevalavinnayatthe, suyanANeNaM jiNo pgaasei| suyanANakevalI vi hu, teNava'tthe pgaasei| -bRhatkalpabhASya, gAthA 966 385. coddasa dasa ya abhinne, niyamA sammaM tu sesae bhynnaa| mati-ohivivaccAso, vi hoti micche Na uNa sese| -bRhatkalpabhASya gAthA 132

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [279] digambara sAhitya meM pUrva ko dRSTivAda kA cauthA bheda mAnA gayA hai| caudahapUrva ke nAma donoM paramparAoM meM lagabhaga samAna haiN| jahA~ nAmAntara hai vahA~ koSThaka meM digambara sAhitya meM mAnya nAma diyA gayA hai| caudaha pUrvo kI viSayavastu naMdIsUtra87 aura tattvArtharAjavArtika388 meM pUrva ke bhedoM kA lakSaNa isa prakAra se diyA hai| isameM (a) zvetAmbara paramparA kA sUcaka hai tathA (ba) digambara paramparA kA sUcaka hai| 1. utpAda pUrva (a) sarva dravyoM ke aura sarva paryAyoM ke utpAda (utpatti) upalakSaNa se vinAza tathA dhruvatva kA vistAra se kathana thaa| (ba) dravya ke utpAda-vyaya Adi aneka dharmoM kA pUraka utpAdapUrva hai| jIvAdi dravyoM ke nAnA naya viSayaka krama aura yugapat hone vAle tIna kAla ke utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyarUpa nau dharma hote haiN| ataH una dharmarUpa pariNata dravya bhI nau prakAra ke hote haiM, inakA jisameM varNana hai, vaha utpAda pUrva hai| akalaMka ke anusAra kAla pudgala jIva Adi ke jahA~ jaise paryAya utpanna ho, unakA usI rUpa se varNana karanA utpAda pUrva hai| 2. agrAyaNIya pUrva (a) isameM sarva dravyoM sarva paryAyoM aura sarva jIva vizeSoM ke pariNAma aura alpa-bahutva kA vistRta jJAna thaa| (ba) agra arthAt dvAdazAMga meM pradhAnabhUta vastu kA ayana arthAt jJAna agrAyaNa hai| athavA jina kriyAvAda Adi meM kisa rUpa se kauna-kauna kriyAvAda Adi hote haiM, aisI prakriyA kA nAma agrAyaNI hai| jisameM AcAra Adi bAraha aMgoM ke samavAya aura viSaya kA varNana ho vaha agrAyaNIya pUrva hai| isameM sAta sau sunayoM, durnayoM, pAMca astikAya, chaha dravya, sAta tattva, nau padArtha Adi kA varNana milatA hai| 3. vIryapravAda pUrva (a) saMsArI jIvoM ke vIrya kA tathA upalakSaNa se siddhoM ke avIrya kA evaM dharmAstikAyAdi kI gati-sahAyAdi zaktiyoM kA vistAra se kathana thaa| (ba) vIrya arthAt jIvAdi vastu kI sAmarthya kA anupravAda artha kA varNana jisameM hotA hai, vaha vIryAnupravAda nAmaka tIsarA pUrva hai| vaha apane vIrya, parAye vIrya. ubhayavIrya, kSetravIrya, kAla vIrya, bhAvavIrya, tapavIrya Adi samasta dravya-guNa-paryAyoM ke vIrya kA kathana karatA hai| akalaMka ke anusAra chadmastha (alpajJAnI) aura kevaliyoM kI zakti, surendra, daityendra, narendra, cakravartI aura baladevoM kI Rddhi kA jahAM para varNana ho evaM samyaktva ke lakSaNa kA jahAM para kathana ho vaha vIryapravAda hai| 4. astinAstipravAda pUrva (a) loka meM dharmAstikAya Adi jo vastue~ haiM tathA gadhe kA sIMga Adi jo vastue~ nahIM haiM, isI prakAra jina guNa paryAyoM kI asti hai tathA nAsti hai, unakA isameM vistAra se kathana thaa| (ba) asti-nAsti Adi dharmoM kA pravAda arthAt prarUpaNa jisameM hai, vaha asti-nAsti pravAda nAmaka caturtha pUrva hai| jIvAdi vastu svadravya, svakSetra, svakAla aura svabhAva kI apekSA syAdasti hai| paradravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA syAt nAsti hai| isa prakAra saptabhaMgI rUpa hai| akalaMka ke anusAra pAMcoM astikAyoM ke viSaya padArtha aura nayoM ke viSaya padArthoM kA jahA~ para aneka paryAyoM ke dvArA yaha hai, yaha nahIM hai, ityAdi rUpa se varNana ho vaha astinAstipravAda hai| athavA paryAyArthika naya kI apekSA athavA dravyArthika payAyArthika donoM nayoM kI apekSA mukhya aura gauNa rUpa se jahA~ para chaho dravyoM ke sva aura para paryAyoM ke bhAva aura abhAva kA nirUpaNa ho vaha astinAstipravAda pUrva hai| 386. savArthasiddhi 1.20, rAjavArtika 1.20.12, dhavalA, pu. 1, sU. 1.1.2, pu. 114-122, dhavalA pu. 1, sU. 4.1.40, pR. 212-224, gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa gAthA 365-366 pR. 604 se 612 387. naMdIsUtra pR. 264-265 388. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1.20.12

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[280] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 5. jJAnapravAda pUrva - (a) isameM matijJAna Adi pA~ca jJAnoM kA, upalakSaNa se tIna ajJAnoM kA evaM cAra darzanoM kA svAmI, bheda, viSaya tathA cUlikAdi dvAroM se vistAra se kathana thaa| (ba) digambara paramparA meM bhI aisA hI ullekha hai| 6. satyapravAda pUrva (a) satyabhASA Adi cAra bhASAoM kA yA sataraha prakAra ke saMyama aura asaMyama kA svarUpa bheda, udAharaNa kalpa akalpa Adi se vistAra se kathana thaa| (ba) jahA~ para vacanoM kI gupti, vacanoM ke saMskAra ke kAraNa, vacanoM ke prayoga, bAraha prakAra kI bhASA, unake bolane vAle, aneka prakAra ke asatyoM kA ullekha aura daza prakAra ke satyoM kA svarUpa varNana ho vaha satyapravAda hai| ina sabhI kA rAjavArtika, dhavalA aura gommaTasAra meM vistAra se varNana hai| 7. AtmapravAda pUrva (a) dravya AtmA Adi ATha AtmAoM kA svarUpa bheda, svAmI, niyamA, bhajanA Adi se vistAra se kathana thaa| (ba) akalaMka ke anusAra AtmA ke astitvanAstitva nityatva-anityatva kartRtva bhoktRtva Adi guNoM kA yuktipUrvaka varNana ho aura SaT jIva nikAya ke bhedoM kA bhI yuktipUrvaka varNana ho vaha AtmapravAda pUrva hai| gommaTasAra ke anusAra isameM nizcayanaya aura vyavahAra naya se AtmA kA vistAra se varNana huA hai| 8. karmapravAda pUrva - donoM paramparAoM ke anusAra isameM jJAnAvaraNIya Adi ATha karmoM kI prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga, pradeza, uttara prakRtiyA~, abAdhAkAla, saMkramaNa Adi kA vistAra se kathana thaa| 9. pratyAkhyAnapravAda pUrva (a) mUlaguNa pratyAkhyAna, uttaraguNa pratyAkhyAna, sarvaphala, dezaphala Adi kA vistAra se kathana thaa| (ba) jisa pUrva meM vrata, niyama, pratikramaNa, pratilekhana, tapa, kalpa, upasarga, AcAra, pratimA, virAdhanA, ArAdhanA vizuddhi kA krama muni liMga kA kAraNa parimita aura aparimita dravya aura bhAvoM kA pratyAkhyAna tyAga kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, vaha pratyAkhyAkhana pUrva hai| 10. vidyAnupravAda pUrva (a) aneka atizaya saMpanna vidyAoM kI sAdhanA prayoga, ArAdhanAvirAdhanA Adi kA vistAra se kathana thaa| (ba) jisameM samasta prakAra kI vidyA, ATha mahAnimitta unakA viSaya rAjU aura rAzi kI vidhi kSetra zreNI loka kA AdhAra saMsthAna-AkAra aura samudghAta kA nirUpaNa ho vaha vidyAnuvAda pUrva hai| akalaMka ne vidyA, loka, samudghAta Adi kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| 11. avandhya pUrva (a) isameM jJAna, tapa, saMyama Adi sukRta tathA pramAda, kaSAya Adi duSkRta, niyama se zubha-azubha phala dete haiM, kabhI viphala nahIM hote, isakA vistAra se kathana thaa| (ba) sUrya, caMdramA, graha, nakSatra aura tArAgaNa ke saMcAra, upapAda gati aura viparIta phaloM kA jahA~ para varNana hai, zakunoM kA nirUpaNa hai aura aha~ta baladeva, vAsudeva, cakravartI Adi ke garbha janma tapa Adi mahA kalyANoM kA para varNana hai, vaha kalyANanAmadheya pUrva hai| 12. prANAyu pUrva (a) isameM zrotrabala prANa Adi prANoM kA tathA narakAyu Adi AyuoM kA vistAra se kathana thaa| (ba) jisa pUrva meM kAyacikitsAdi aSTAMga Ayurveda, pRthvI, jala Adi bhUtoM kA kArya sarpa Adi jaMgama jIvoM ke gati Adi kA varNana aura zvAsocchvAsa kA vibhAga vistAra se varNita hai, vaha prANAvAya pUrva hai| 13. kriyAvizAla pUrva (a) teraha kriyA, paccIsa kriyA, cheda kriyA Adi kA vistAra se kathana thaa| (ba) jisameM 72 prakAra kI lekhana Adi kalA, 64 prakAra ke striyoM ke guNa, zilpa, kAvya ke guNa doSa, chandoM kI racanA evaM kriyA tathA una kriyAoM ke phaloM ke upayoga karane vAloM kA nirUpaNa hai, vaha kriyAvizAla pUrva hai| 14. lokabindusAra pUrva (a) isameM sarvAkSara sannipAta labdhi utpanna ho, aisA sarvottama jJAna thaa| (ba) jisameM ATha prakAra ke vyavahAra, cAra prakAra ke bIja, parikarmarAzi kA vibhAga aura samasta zruta kI saMpatti kA nirUpaNa hai, vaha lokabindusAra hai|

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [281] caudaha pUrvo kI pada saMkhyA evaM vastue~ zvetAmbara sAhitya meM caudaha pUrva jo kI vastu hai, unhIM ko digambara sAhitya meM arthAdhikAra kahA jAtA hai| donoM paramparA meM mAnya pUrvo ke padoM kA parimANa nimna prakAra se hai| pUrva kA nAma zvetAmbara meM digambara meM zve0 meM vastu di0 meM arthAdhikAra padoM kI saMkhyA padoM kI saMkhyA kI saMkhyA kI saMkhyA 1. utpAda pUrva 1 karor3a pada 1 karor3a pada 10 2. agrAyaNIya pUrva 96 lAkha 96 lAkha 14 3 vIryapravAda pUrva 70 lAkha 70 lAkha 4. astinAstipravAdapUrva 60 lAkha 60 lAkha 5. jJAnapravAda pUrva eka kama 1 karor3a eka kama 1 karor3a 12 6. satyapravAda pUrva chaha adhika 1 karor3a chaha adhika 1 karor3a 2 7. AtmapravAda pUrva 26 karor3a 26 karor3a 16 8. karmapravAda pUrva 1 karor3a 80 sahasra 1 karor3a 80 sahasra 30 9. pratyAkhyAna pravAda pUrva 84 lAkha 84 lAkha 10. vidyAnupravAda pUrva 1 karor3a 10 lAkha 1 karor3a 10 lAkha 15 11. avandhya pUrva 26 karor3a 26 karor3a 12 12. prANAyu pUrva 1 karor3a 56 lAkha 13 karor3a 13 13. kriyAvizAla pUrva 9 karor3a 9 karor3a 30 14. lokabindusAra pUrva 12 karor3a 50 lAkha 12 karor3a 50 lAkha 25 10 kula pada/ vastue~ 83,28,80,005 95,50,00,005 225 195 (83 karor3a 28 lAkha 80 hajAra 5) (95 karor3a 50 lAkha 5) zvetAmbara paramparA mAnya pUrvo ke padoM kI saMkhyA ko abhidhAna rAjendra koSa ke AdhAra para ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| pravacanasAroddhAra97 meM varNita pUrva ke padoM kI saMkhyA meM jo-jo antara hai, vaha isa prakAra hai - pahale pUrva ke gyAraha karor3a, sAtaveM pUrva ke chattIsa karor3a tathA dasaveM pUrva ke padoM kI saMkhyA eka karor3a pandraha lAkha batAI hai, zeSa pUrvo ke padoM kI saMkhyA abhidhAna rAjendra koSa aura pravacanasAroddhAra meM samAna hai| naMdIcUrNi meM cUrNi varNita padoM kI saMkhyA abhidhAna rAjendra koSa ke samAna hai| 4. anuyoga mUla viSaya ke sAtha anurUpa yA anukUla sambandha vAlA viSaya jisa zAstra meM ho, use 'anuyoga' kahate haiN| anuyoga ke do bheda haiM - 1. mUla prathamAnuyoga aura 2. gaMDikAnuyoga 193 mUla prathama anuyoga dharma tIrtha kA pravartana karane vAle dharma ke 'mUla' tIrthaMkaroM ne jisa bhava meM samyaktva prApta kiyA, usa prathama bhava se lekara yAvat mokSa prApti paryanta kA, pUrvagata se sambandha rakhane vAle caritra jisameM ho, use 'mUla prathama anuyoga' kahate haiN| 389. kasAyapAhuDa, pR. 138 390, abhidhAna rAjendra koSa bhAga 5. pR. 1062 391. pravacanasAroddhAra bhAga 1, pR. 394 392. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 111-112 393. naMdisUtra pR. 198-200

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[282] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana gaNDikAnuyoga Ikha Adi ke zikhara bhAga aura mUlabhAga ko tor3a kara, UparI chilakoM ko chIlakara, madhya kI gA~ThoM ko haTAkara, jo choTe-choTe samAna khaNDa banAye jAte haiM, unheM 'gaNDikA' (gaNDerI) kahate haiM / usa gaNDikA ke samAna jisa zAstra meM agale - pichale viSama adhikAra se rahita, madhya ke samAna adhikAra vAle viSaya hoM, use 'gaNDikA anuyoga' kahate haiM / digambara sAhitya meM yaha dRSTivAda kA tIsarA bheda hai| prathama arthAt mithyAdRSTi, avratI yA avyutpanna vyakti ke lie jo anuyoga racA gayA, vaha prathamAnuyoga hai / isameM caubIsa tIrthakara, bAraha cakravartI, nau baladeva, nau vAsudeva, nau prativAsudeva ina 63 zalAkA prAcIna puruSoM kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai| dhavalA pustaka 1 aura 9 meM bAraha purANoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkaroM kA, cakravartiyoM kA, vidyAdharoM kA, nArAyaNoM kA, pratinArAyaNoM kA, cAraNoM kA, prajJAzramaNoM kA vaMza, kuruvaMza, harivaMza, ikSAkuvaMza, kAzyapavaMza, vAdiyoM kA vaMza aura nAthavaMza kA kA varNana hai / 394 isameM pAMca hajAra (5000 ) pada haiM 1395 - 5. cUlikA graMtha ke mUla pratipAdya viSaya kI samApti ke pazcAt graMtha ke anta meM jo graMthita kiyA jAtA haiM, use 'cUlikA' kahate haiM / isameM yA to graMtha meM kahI huI bAteM hI vizeSa vidhi se doharAyI jAtI haiM yA mUla pratipAdya viSaya ke sambandha meM jo kathana zeSa raha gayA ho, vaha kahA jAtA hai| pahale utpAda pUrva kI 4, dUsare agrAyaNIya pUrva kI 12, tIsare vIryapravAda pUrva kI 8 aura cauthe astinAstipravAda pUrva kI 10 cUlikA vastu kahI hai| isa prakAra kula cUlikA vastue~ 34 hotI haiN| zeSa dasa pUrvoM kI cUlikA vastue~ nahIM haiM / digambara sAhitya meM cUlikA ke pAMca bheda haiM- jalagatA, sthalagatA, mAyAgatA, AkAzagatA aura ruupgtaa| inakI padasaMkhyA aura viSaya kA varNana dhavalA evaM gommaTasAra meM vistAra se kiyA gayA hai / 396 dRSTivAda ke pAMcoM padoM ko milAne para kula pada dasa karor3a unacAsa lAkha chiyAlIsa hajAra (104946000 ) hai 397 zvetAmbara sAhitya meM dRSTivAda ke pA~ca bhedoM meM se kevala pUrva ke padoM kI saMkhyA kA ullekha hai, yathA dRSTivAda meM 832680005 ( 83 karor3a 26 lAkha 80 hajAra 5) pada haiM, lekina digambara sAhitya meM parikarma, sUtra, prathamAnuyoga, pUrvagata aura cUlikA ina pAMcoM ke padoM kI saMkhyA kA ullekha hai, jo ki nimna prakAra se hai - parikarma ke pAMcoM bhedoM kI kula pada saMkhyA eka karor3a ikyAsI lAkha pAMca hajAra (18105000), sUtra meM kula pada aThAsI lAkha ( 8800000 ), prathamAnuyoga ke kula pada pAMca hajAra (5000), pUrvagata (caudahapUrvI meM) ke kula pada paMcAnaveM karor3a pacAsa lAkha pAMca (955000005), pAMca cUlikA ke kula pada dasa karor3a unacAsa lAkha chiyAlIsa hajAra (104946000) hai| ina pAMcoM ke padoM ko jor3ane para digambara paramparA meM dRSTivAda ke kula padoM kI saMkhyA (1086856005) prApta hotI hai| pUrva meM varNita AcArAMga Adi gyAraha aMgoM ke kula padoM kI 41502000 saMkhyA hai| ina donoM ko milAne para bAraha aMgoM meM kula padoM kI 112835805 saMkhyA prApta hai 399 394. dhavalApustaka pu. 1, sU. 1.1.2 pR. 112, dhavalA pu. 9, sU. 4.1.45 pR. 209 395. gommaTasAra jIvAkAMDa gAthA 363-364 pR. 603 396. dhavalA pu. 1, sU. 1.1.2, pu. 113, dhavalA pu. 9, sU. 4.1.45, pu. 210, gommaTasAra gAthA 361-362 pR. 602 397. gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa gAthA 363-364 pR. 604 398. gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa gAthA 363-364 pR. 603-604 399. kasAyapAhuDa pR. 85-87

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna dvAdazAMgI kI pauruSeyatA zAstra vacanAtmaka hai| vacana tAlu, oSTha Adi ke parispaMdana se utpanna hotA hai| puruSa kI vAgpravRtti ke sAtha usakA anvaya aura vyatireka saMbaMdha hai| jaba puruSa meM tAlu, oSTha Adi kI pravRtti hotI hai, taba vacana utpanna hotA hai, jaba puruSa kI pravRtti nahIM hotI, taba vaha utpanna nahIM hotA hai| puruSa kI pravRtti ke binA vacana AkAza meM dhvanita nahIM hotA hai 100 dvAdazAMga ke viSaya dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka meM ananta bhAvoM, ananta abhAvoM, ananta hetuoM, ananta ahetuoM, ananta kAraNoM, ananta akAraNoM, ananta jIvoM, ananta ajIvoM, ananta bhavasiddhi ko, ananta abhavasiddhi ko, ananta siddhoM, ananta asiddhoM kA ullekha hai 1401 - [283] dvAdazAMgI hI zrutajJAna zrutajJAna dvAdazAMgAtmaka hai / vaha kSAyopazamika bhAva hai / arhat dvArA praNIta pravacana ke artha ko jo parijJAna hai, vahI paramArthataH zrutajJAna hai, zeSa nahIM 1402 dvAdazAMga kI zAzvatatA naMdIsUtra meM dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka kI traikAlitA ko siddha kiyA gayA hai| jaise ki pAMca astikAya (1. dharma 2. adharma 3. AkAza 4. jIva aura 5. pudgala) pahale kabhI nahIM rahe hoM - aisI bAta nahIM haiM aura kabhI nahIM rahate haiM - aisA bhI nahIM hai tathA Age kabhI nahIM raheMge aisA bhI nahIM hai| ye rahe haiM, rahate haiM aura rheNge| kyoMki ye dhruva haiM, niyata haiM, zAzvata haiM, akSaya haiM, avyaya haiM, avasthita haiM, nitya haiN| isI prakAra dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka, aisA nahIM ki jo pahale kabhI nahIM rahA ho, aisA bhI nahIM ki yaha kabhI nahIM rahatA ho aura aisA bhI nahIM ki kabhI nahIM rhegaa| yaha pahale bhI rahA hai, vartamAna meM bhI rahatA hai aura Age bhI rahegA, kyoMki AgamakAroM ne isake lie dhruvAdi 03 sAta vizeSaNa diye haiM, jisase dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka kI traikAlikatA svataH siddha ho jAtI hai, yathA 1. dhruva - jaise meru parvata nizcala hai, vaise dvAdazAMgI gaNipiTaka meM jIvAdi padArthoM kA nizcala pratipAdana hotA hai| 2. niyata jaise pA~ca astikAya ke lie 'loka' yaha vacana niyata hai, vaise hI dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka ke vacana pakke haiM, badalate nahIM haiN| 3. zAzvata - jaise mahAvideha kSetra meM cauthA duHSamasuSamA kAla niraMtara vidyamAna rahatA hai, vaise hI vahA~ yaha dvAdazAMgI sadA kAla vidyamAna rahatI hai| 4. akSaya - jaise pauNDarIka draha se gaMgA nadI kA pravAha niraMtara bahatA hai, para kabhI pauNDarIka draha khAlI nahIM hotA vaise hI dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka kI niraMtara vAcanA Adi dene para bhI kabhI isakA kSaya nahIM hotA / 5. avyaya - jaise manuSya kSetra ke bAhara ke samudra sadA pUre bhare rahate haiM, unakA kucha bhAga bhI vyaya nahIM hotA, vaise hI dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka sadA pUrA bharA rahatA hai, usameM se kucha bhAga bhI vyaya nahIM hotA / 400. sarvANyapi zrutAni pauruSeyANyeva na kimapyapauruSeyamasti, asambhavAt, zAstraM vacanAtmakaM vacanaM tAlvoSThapuTaparispandAdirUpapuruSavyApArAnvayavyatirekAnuvirdhAya / - malayagiri naMdIvRtti pR. 16 401. naMdIsUtra pR. 202 402. Avazyakaniryukti gAthA 104, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 250 403. naMdIsUtra pR. 204

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 6. avasthita - jaise jambUdvIpa kA pramANa sadA eka hI rahatA hai, vaise hI dvAdazAMgI kA pramANa sadA eka hI rahatA hai, usake kisI aMga meM nyUnatA athavA adhikatA nahIM hotI / 7. nitya - jaise AkAza trikAla nitya hai, vaise hI dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka trikAla nitya hai / dvAdazAMga kI virAdhanA kA kuphala-suphala naMdIcUrNi ke anusAra pAMca AcAra kI sampadA se sampanna AcArya kA hitopadeza vacana AjJA hai / jo usase viparIta AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha gaNipiTaka kI virAdhanA karatA hai / 104 virAdhanA ke phala kA ullekha naMdIsUtra meM isa prakAra se hai ki isa dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka kI AjJA kI virAdhanA karake bhUtakAla meM ananta jIvoM ne cAra gati vAlI saMsAra aTavI meM, anantakAla paribhramaNa kiyA hai, vartamAna kAla meM kara rahe haiM aura bhaviSyakAla meM ananta jIva, cAturanta saMsAra kAntAra meM paribhramaNa kareMge 105 naMdIcUrNi ke anusAra dvAdazAMga aura AjJA ekArthaka hai / phira bhI unameM kucha bheda hai| jaba dvAdazAMga ke AdhAra para nirdeza diyA jAtA hai, taba use AjJA kahate haiM / 406 ArAdhanA ke phala kA ullekha naMdIsUtra meM karate hue kahA gayA hai ki isa dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka kI AjJA kI ArAdhanA karake bhUtakAla meM ananta jIva, cAturanta saMsAra kAntAra ko sadA ke lie pAra kara gaye, vartamAna kAla meM pAra kara rahe haiM aura bhaviSya kAla meM ananta jIva, cAturanta saMsAra kAntAra ko sadA ke lie pAra kareMge 1407 dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka kA yaha traikAlika phala tabhI satya ho sakatA hai jaba ki dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka svayaM nitya ho / zrutajJAna ke do viziSTa prakAra digambara sAhitoya meM zruta jJAna ke zabdaliMgaja aura arthaliMgaja ye do bheda bhI prApta hote haiN| paropadeza pUrvaka yA anya vyakti ke vacanoM ke dvArA utpanna hone vAlA padArtha kA jJAna zabdaliMgaja zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai / zabdaliMgaja zrutajJAna laukika aura lokottara ke bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai| sAmAnya puruSa mukha se nikale hue vacana samudAya se jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha laukika zabdaliMgaja zrutajJAna hai / asatya bola ke kAraNoM se rahita puruSa ke mukha se nikale hue vacana samudAya se jo zrutajJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha lokottara zabda liMgaja zrutajJAna hai tathA dhUmAdika padArtha rUpa liMga se jo zrutajJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha arthaliMgaja zrutajJAna hai| isakA dUsarA nAma anumAna bhI hai| 108 zrutajJAna ke ina do bhedoM meM se zabda liMgaja arthAt akSara, varNa, pada. vAkya, Adi rUpa zabda se utpanna huA akSarAtmaka zrutajJAna pradhAna hai, kyoMki lenA denA zAstra par3hanA ityAdi sarva vyavahAroM kA mUla akSarAtmaka zrutajJAna hai aura jo liMga se arthAt cihna se utpanna huA zrutajJAna hai| liMga rUpa zrutajJAna ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM me hote hue bhI vyavahAra meM upayogI nahIM hone se apradhAna hotA hai| 409 ina do bhedoM kA ullekha zvetAmbara paramparA meM prApta nahIM hotA hai / [284] SaTkhaNDAgama meM zrutajJAna ke bheda SaTkhaMDAgama meM zrutajJAna (zabdaliMgaja) ke do prakAra se bheda kiye gae haiN| - 1. akSara kI apekSA se saMkhyAta aura 2. pramANa kI apekSA se bIsa bheda / 404. naMdIcUrNi pR. 119 406. naMdIcUrNi pR. 119 405. naMdIsUtra pR. 203 407. naMdIsUtra pR. 203 408. kasAyapAhuDa, 1.1.15 pR. 340-341, SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 6, 1.9 1.14 pR. 21, pustaka 13, sU. 5.5.43, pR. 245 409. gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa gAthA 315

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [285] (ka) akSara kI apekSA se zrutajJAna ke bheda - SaTakhaMDAgama ke anusAra zrutajJAna kI saMkhyAta prakRtiyA~ haiM arthAt jitane akSara haiM utane hI zrutajJAna ke bheda haiM, kyoMki eka-eka akSara se eka-eka zrutajJAna kI utpatti hotI hai| 10 dhavalATIkA meM akSaroM ke pramANa kI nimna prakAra se spaSTatA kI gaI hai| 1. akSaroM kI saMkhyA 64 arthAt tetIsa vyaMjana, sattAIsa svara aura cAra ayogavAha (upadhmAnIya ka, pa aM, aH) isa prakAra kula varNa cauMsaTha hote haiN| 11 ina cauMsaTha akSaroM kI apekSA se zrutajJAna ke eka saMyogI bhaMga (vikalpa) 64 hote haiN| akSaroM ke saMyoga kI vivakSA na karake jaba akSara hI kevala pRthak-pRthak vivakSita hote haiM, taba zrutajJAna ke akSaroM kA pramANa causaTha hotA hai| kyoMki saMyukta aura asaMyukta rUpa meM sthita zrutajJAna ke kAraNabhUta akSara causaTha hI hai| zrutajJAna eka akSara se bhI utpanna ho sakatA hai| kyoMki jo samudAya meM hotA hai vaha eka meM bhI hotA hai, jaiseki saMyogAkSara aneka arthoM meM akSaroM ke ulaTa-phera ke bala se rahatA hai to bhI akSara eka hI hai, kyoMki eka dUsare ko dekhate hue jJAna rUpa kArya ko utpanna karAne kI apekSA unameM koI bheda nahIM pAyA jAtA 12 2. eka varNa kA anya varNa ke sAtha saMyoga hotA hai, taba saMyogI bhaMga kI saMkhyA baDhatI hai, jaise ki eka akSara (a) kA eka saMyogI bhaMga, do akSaroM (a, A) ke saMyoga se tIna bhaMga, tIna akSaroM (a, A, i) ke saMyoga se sAta bhaMga banate hai, yathA 1. a 2. A 3. i 4. a+A, 5. a+i, 6. A+i aura 7. a+A+i, isa prakAra akSaro ke saMyoga baDhane se bhaMgoM kI saMkhyA bhI bar3hatI hai| jisakI kula saMkhyA 1844674407309551616 hotI hai| 13 padoM kI kula saMkhyA ko nikAlane kI vidhi SaTkhaMDAgama meM dI hai| 14 isa saMkhyA meM eka kama karane para saMyogAkSaroM kA pramANa prApta hotA hai, yathA 1844674407309551615 itane mAtra saMyoga akSara utpanna hote haiN| unase itane hI prakAra kA zrutajJAna utpanna hotA hai aura zrutajJAnAvaraNa ke vikalpa bhI utane hI hote haiM arthAt abhidheya aura usameM jitane saMyoga hote haiM, una akSara saMyogoM kI saMkhyA nizcita rahane yogya hai| 15 jabaki Avazyakaniyukti ke anusAra jitane abhidheya hote haiM, utane hI zruta ke bheda hote haiN| yahAM saMyoga kA artha do akSaroM kI ekatA, athavA donoM kA sAtha meM uccAraNa karanA isa rUpa meM hai| kyoMki ekatA (ekatva) mAnane para dvitva kA nAza hone se saMyoga meM bAdhA AtI hai| sAtha meM uccAraNa karanA bhI saMyoga nahIM hai kyoMki causaTha akSaroM kA uccAraNa eka sAtha nahIM hotA hai, ata: yahA~ saMyoga kA artha ekArthatA (ekArthabodhakatA) hai|16 3. yadi koI aisI zaMkA kare ki bAhya varNa kSaNabhaMgura hone se bAhyArtha vargoM kA samudAya nahIM ho sakatA hai, to isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki bAhyArtha vargoM se aMtaraMga varNa utpanna hote haiM, jo jIva meM dezabheda ke binA aMtarmuhUrta kAla avasthita rahate haiM aura bAhyArthaviSayaka vijJAna ko utpanna karane meM samartha haiN| isase bAhya vargoM ke astitva ke sambandha meM koI virodha nahIM hai| 17 (kha) pramANa kI apekSA se zrutajJAna ke bheda - pramANa kI dRSTi meM zruta ke bIsa bheda haiM, yathA paryAya, paryAyasamAsa, akSara, akSarasamAsa, pada, padasamAsa, saMghAta, saMghAtasamAsa, pratipatti, pratipattisamAsa, 410. SaTkhaM DAgama, pu. 13 sUtra 5.5.44-45 pR. 247 411. tettIsavaMjaNAI sattAvIsaM havaMti svvsraa| cattAri ajogavahA evaM causaTThi vnnnnaao| __-SaTkhaMDAgama, pustaka 13, sUtra 5.5.45, pR. 248 412. SaTkhaMDAgama, pu. 13 sU. 5.5.46, pR. 259-260 413. SaTkhaMDAgama, pu. 13, pR. 249 414. SaTkhaMDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.46, pR. 248 415. SaTkhaM DAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.46, pR. 254,260 416. SaTkhaMDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.46, pR. 250 417. SaTkhaMDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.46, pR. 251

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[286] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana anuyogadvAra, anuyogadvArasamAsa, prAbhRtaprAbhRta, prAbhRtaprAbhRtasamAsa, prAbhRta, prAbhRtasamAsa, vastu, vastusamAsa, pUrva aura pUrvasamAsa / 18 tattvArthabhASya meM pUrva, vastu, prAbhRta, prAbhRtaprAbhRta kA ullekha hai| lekina ye zruta ke prakAra nahIM hai| __jitane saMyogAkSara utane zrutajJAna ke bheda batAye haiM, tathA SaTkhaNDAgama ke sU. 5.5.47 meM 20 bheda batAye haiM, to isa bhinnatA kA kyA kAraNa hai? isakA samAdhAna dete hue vIrasenAcArya ne kahA hai ki pUrva sUtra meM akSara nimitta kI apekSA se zruta ke bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA thA, parantu isa sUtra meM kSayopazama kA avalambana lekara AvaraNa ke bhedoM kA kathana kiyA hai, isalie koI doSa nahIM hai|20| SaTkhaMDAgama meM zrutajJAna ke bIsa bhedoM mAtra nAmollekha hI milatA hai, inake svarUpa Adi kI carcA nahIM kI gaI hai| lekina dhavalATIkA meM inakA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai tathA ztetAmbarAcArya devendrasUri ne karmagraMtha-21 meM bhI inakA ullekha kiyA hai| unhIM kA yahA~ nirUpaNa kiyA jA rahA hai| ___ 1. paryAya - kSaraNa arthAt vinAza kA abhAva hone se kevalajJAna akSara kahalAtA hai| usakA anantavAM bhAga paryAya nAma kA zrutajJAna hai| vaha paryAya nAma kA zrutajJAna kevalajJAna ke samAna nirAvaraNa aura avinAzI hai| sUkSma-nigoda ke labdhi akSara se jo zrutajJAna utpana hotA hai, vaha bhI kArya meM kAraNa ke upacAra se paryAya kahalAtA hai| 22 sUkSma nigoda labdhi aparyAptaka ke jaghanya jJAna ko labdhyakSara kahate haiN| yaha kevalajJAna ke anaMtaveM bhAga rUpa hotA hai aura yaha kabhI bhI Avarita nahIM hai| 23 vizeSAvazyakabhASya Adi meM bhI aisA hI varNana prApta hotA hai, jisakA ullekha pUrva meM kara diyA gayA hai| 2. paryAya samAsa - paryAya zruta ke samudAya ko paryAya samAsazruta kahate haiN| jaba paryAya jJAna paryAya jJAna ke anantaveM bhAga ke sAtha mila jAtA hai taba yaha paryAyasamAsa zrutajJAna kahalAne lagatA hai| yaha paryAya samAsa-jJAna anantabhAga vRddhi, asaMkhyabhAga vRddhi, saMkhyAtabhAgavRddhi tathA anantabhAga hAni, asaMkhyAtabhAga hAni, saMkhyAtabhAga hAni sahita hotA hai| paryAyajJAna ke Upara anantabhAga vRddhi, asaMkhyAtabhAga vRddhi, saMkhyAtabhAgavRddhi, saMkhyAtaguNavRddhi, asaMkhyAtaguNavRddhi aura anantaguNa vRddhi ke krama se vRddhi hote-hote jaba taka akSara jJAna kI pUrNatA nahIM hotI hai taba taka kA jJAna paryAyasamAsa jJAna kahalAtA hai| 3. akSara - antima paryAya samAsa jJAnasthAna meM saba jIvarAzi kA bhAga dene para jo bhAga phala AtA hai, use usI meM milAne para akSara jJAna utpanna hotA hai| (paryAyasamAsa+paryAyasamAsa sthApana meM sabhI jIvarAzi kA bhAga dete hue prApta huI labdhi = akSara) athavA akAra Adi labdhi akSaroM meM se kisI eka akSara kA jJAna honA akSarazruta hai| 24 yaha akSarajJAna sUkSma labdhyaparyAptaka ke anantAnanta labdhyakSaroM ke barAbara hotA hai| dhavalATIkA ke anusAra akSara ke prakAra se haiM - labdhi akSara, nirvRttyakSara aura saMsthAna akssr| jinakA varNana isI adhyAya meM pR. 225 para kara diyA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM akSaroM ke bheda meM aMtima do akSara vyaMjanAkSara aura saMjJAkSara haiN| 4. akSara samAsa - akSarazruta ke Upara dUsare akSara kI vRddhi hone para akSara samAsa zruta hotA hai| yaha isakA AraMbha bindu hai aura yaha vRddhi saMkhyAta akSaroM taka hotI hai| vahA~ taka usakA adhikAra calatA hai| athavA do, tIna, cAra Adi labdhi akSaroM kA jJAna honA akSarasamAsa zruta hai| 25 418. SaTkhaMDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.47, pR. 260 419. pUrvANi vastUni prAbhRtAni praabhRtpraabhRtaani|-tttvaarthbhaassy 1.20 pR. 94 420. SaTkhaNDAgama pR. 13, sU. 5.5.47 pR. 260 421. karmagraMtha bhAga 1, pR. 19-21 422. SaTkha NDAgama, pu. 6, sU. 1.9.1.14 pR. 21-22 423. SaTkhaMDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.48, pR. 262 424.karmagrantha bhAga 1 pR. 20 425. karmagraMtha bhAga 1 pR. 20

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [287] matAntara - akSara zrutajJAna ke Upara eka-eka akSara kI vRddhi hotI hai arthAt saMkhyAtabhAga aura saMkhyAtaguNA kI vRddhi hotI hai, zeSa cAra anya vRddhiyAM nahIM hotI haiM, kyoMki akSarajJAna sampUrNa zrutajJAna ke saMkhyAtaveM bhAga jitanA hI hai, isalie akSara-jJAna meM Upara varNita chaha prakAra kI vRddhiyoM kA honA sambhava nahIM hai| isalie jo AcArya aisA mAnate haiM ki akSara zrutajJAna se Age bhI zrutajJAna chaha prakAra kI vRddhiyoM se bar3hatA hai, unakA mAnanA sahI nahIM hai| 26 jabaki dUsare AcAryoM ke mata se eka akSarajJAna ke Age dUsare akSarajJAna kI utpatti yugapat hotI hai, unake anusAra bhI akSarajJAna se Age saMkhyAtaguNa vRddhi aura saMkhyAtabhAga vRddhi hI saMbhava hai| kyoMki eka akSara zrutajJAna samasta zrutajJAna ke saMkhyAtaveM bhAga pramANa hotA hai isa kAraNa yaha hai ki akSarazrutajJAnAvaraNIya karma kI saMkhyAta prakRtiyA~ batAI haiM / 27 5. pada - akSarazruta meM saMkhyAta akSara milAne para eka pada zrutajJAna hotA hai| athavA akSaroM kA vaha samUha jisase pUrNa artha kA jJAna hotA hai, vaha pada kahalAtA hai, aise eka pada kA jJAna honA padazruta hai| 28 pada ke tIna bheda haiM - arthapada, pramANa pada aura madhyama pd| arthapada - jitane padoM se artha kA jJAna hotA hai, vaha arthapada hai| yaha anavasthita (anita) hai arthAt eka, do, tIna, cAra, pAMca, chaha va sAta akSara taka kA pada artha pada kahalAtA hai| pramANapada - ATha akSara se niSpanna huA pada pramANa pada hai| yaha avasthita (niyata) hai| madhyamapada - madhyamapada meM 16348307888 (solaha araba cautIsa karor3a tirAsI lAkha sAta hajAra ATha sau aThAsI) akSara hote haiM aura yaha bhI avasthita hai| yahA~ tInoM padoM meM se madhyama pada abhipreta hai| samasta zruta meM kula 1128358005 (eka sau bAraha karor3a tirAsI lAkha aTThAvana hajAra aura pAMca) hI pada hote haiN| dhavalATIkAra ne isakA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| 29 akSarajJAna aura padajJAna ke madhya kA jitanA bhI jJAna hai vaha akSara samAsa hai| isI prakAra padajJAna aura saMghAtajJAna ke bIca kA jJAna padasamAsa jJAna hai, aisA hI Age bhI samajha lenA caahie| 6. pada samAsa - madhyamapada zrutajJAna se eka akSara adhika hone para padasamAsa zrutajJAna hai| athavA padoM ke samudAya kA jJAna honA pada samAsa zruta hai|30 pada + eka akSara = pada samAsa, yaha isakA prAraMbhabindu hai| yahA~ se zuru karake saMghAta zruta meM eka akSara kama rahe vahA~ taka pada samAsa adhikAra hai, ataH padasamAsa kA kSetra vizAla hai| jabaki pada kA kSetra maryAdita hai, kyoMki pada meM eka bhI akSara adhika hote hI pada saMjJA samApta ho jAtI hai| 7. saMghAta - pada samAsa zrutajJAna ke Upara eka-eka akSara kI vRddhi hone para saMghAta zrutajJAna hotA hai| isameM saMkhyAta pada hote haiN| mArgaNA jJAna kA avayavabhUta jJAna saMghAta zrutajJAna hai| athavA isa saMghAta zrutajJAna kI utpatti ke hetubhUta padoM kA nAma saMghAta hai| athavA gati, indriya Adi caudaha mArgaNAoM meM se kisI eka mArgaNA ke eka aMza kA jJAna honA saMghAtazruta hai| jaise narakAdi cAra gatiyA~ haiM, isI prakAra ekendriyAdi jAtiyAM pAMca hai| inameM se eka aMza kA jJAna honA jaise gati meM manuSya gati kA, indriya meM paMcendriya kA jJAna honA saMghAtazruta hai| 31 8. saMghAta samAsa - punaH saMghAta zrutajJAna ke Upara eka akSara kI vRddhi hone para saMghAta samAsa zrutajJAna hotA hai| athavA gati, indriya Adi caudaha mArgaNAoM meM se eka mArgaNA ke sabhI aMzoM kA 426. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 6, sU. 1.9.1.14, pR. 22 428. karmagrantha bhAga 1 pR. 20 430. karmagrantha bhAga 1 pR. 20 427. SaTakhaMDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.48, pR. 268 429. SaTakhaMDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.48, pR. 263-266 431. karmagrantha bhAga 1 pR. 20

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[288] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jJAna honA saMghAta samAsazruta hai / jaise gati mArgaNA meM cAroM gatiyoM kA, indriya mArgaNA meM pAMcoM jAtiyoM kA jJAna honA saMghAta samAsazruta hai / 132 9. pratipatti - anuyogadvAra ke jitane adhikAra hote haiM, unameM se eka adhikAra ko pratipatti kahate haiN| saMghAtasamAsa jJAnapara eka akSara kI vRddhi hone para pratipatti zrutajJAna hotA hai / athavA gati, indriya Adi caudaha mArgaNAoM meM se eka mArgaNA ke dvArA samasta saMsArI jIvoM kA jJAna ho jAnA pratipattizruta hai| jaise gati mArgaNA ke narakAdi cAra bheda haiM, isase sabhI saMsArI jIvoM kA jJAna ho jAtA hai I 10. pratipatti samAsa - anuyogadvAra ke jitane adhikAra hote haiM, unameM se eka akSara nyUna saba adhikAroM ko pratipatti samAsa kahate haiM / athavA gati, indriya Adi caudaha mArgaNAoM meM se do, tIna mArgaNAoM se saMsArI jIvoM kA jJAna ho jAnA pratipatti samAsa hai| jaise gati mArgaNA me narakAdi cAra gatiyoM se sabhI saMsArI jIvoM kA pAMca indriyoM se sabhI saMsArI jIvo kA jJAna ho jAnA pratipattisamAsa hai / 11. anuyogadvAra pratipattisamAsa meM eka akSara kI vRddhi honA anuyogadvAra zrutajJAna hai / prAbhRta ke jitane adhikAra hote haiM, unameM se eka-eka adhikAra ko anuyogadvAra kahate haiM / athavA satpada prarUpaNA, dravya pramANa, kSetra, sparzanA kAla, antara, bhAga, bhAva ina anuyogoM meM se kisI eka anuyoga ke dvArA jIvAdi padArthoM ko jAnanA anuyoga zruta hai / 12. anuyogadvAra samAsa anuyogadvAra zrutajJAna meM eka akSara kI vRddhi honA anuyogadvAra samAsa zrutajJAna hai / athavA satpada prarUpaNA, dravya pramANa, kSetra, sparzanA, kAla, Adi anuyogoM meM se do-tIna anuyoga ke dvArA jIvAdi padArthoM ko jAnanA anuyoga samAsa zruta hai| 13. prAbhRta-prAbhRtazruta - saMkhyAta anuyogadvAroM ko grahaNa karanA eka prAbhRtaprAbhRta zrutajJAna hotA hai| athavA dRSTivAda nAmaka bArahaveM aMga sUtra meM prAbhRta-prAbhRta nAmaka adhikAra haiM, unameM se kisI eka kA jJAna honA prAbhRta- prAbhRtazruta hai / - - 14. prAbhRta-prAbhRta samAsa prAbhRta-prAbhRta zrutajJAna meM eka akSara kI vRddhi honA prAbhRtaprAbhRtasamAsa zrutajJAna hai| athavA dRSTivAda nAmaka bArahaveM aMga sUtra meM prAbhRta-prAbhRta nAmaka adhikAra hai, usameM se do-tIna kA jJAna honA prAbhRta-prAbhRta samAsa zruta hai / 15. prAbhRta zruta saMkhyAta prAbhRta-prAbhRtoM ko grahaNa karanA eka prAbhRta zrutajJAna hotA hai| athavA jaise kaI uddezakoM ko yA varga ko milAkara eka adhyayana yA zataka hotA hai, usI prakAra kaI prAbhRta-prAbhRtoM ko milAkara eka prAbhRta hotA hai / eka prAbhRta kA jJAna honA prAbhRtazruta hai| 16. prAbhRta samAsa - prAbhRta zrutajJAna meM eka akSara kI vRddhi honA prAbhRta samAsa zrutajJAna hai| athavA do-tIna prAbhRtoM kA jJAna honA prAbhRta samAsa zruta hai / 17. vastu zruta- saMkhyAta prAbhRta ko grahaNa karanA eka vastu zrutajJAna hotA hai| pUrva meM zrutajJAna ke jitane adhikAra hai, unakI alaga-alaga vastu hai / athavA jaise kaI prAbhRtoM ko milAkara eka vastu nAmaka adhikAra hotA hai, aisI vastu kA jJAna honA vastuzruta hai| - - 18. vastu samAsa - vastu zrutajJAna meM eka akSara kI vRddhi honA vastu samAsa zrutajJAna hai / athavA do-tIna vastuoM kA jJAna honA vastu samAsa zruta hai| pUrva gata ke utpAda pUrva Adi caudaha adhikAroM ko yahA~ pUrva kahA hai| 432. karmagrantha bhAga 1 pR. 20

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [289] 19. pUrva zruta - saMkhyAta vastu ko grahaNa karanA eka pUrva zrutajJAna hotA hai| athavA aneka vastuoM ko milAkara eka pUrva hotA hai, aisA pUrva kA jJAna honA pUrva zruta hai| 20. pUrva samAsa - pUrva zrutajJAna meM eka akSara kI vRddhi honA pUrva samAsa zrutajJAna hai| isa prakAra uttarottara eka-eka akSara kI vRddhi hote hue aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya rUpa sampUrNa zrutajJAna ke saba akSaroM kI vRddhi hone taka pUrva samAsa zrutajJAna hotA hai| athavA do-tIna pUrvo yAvat caudaha pUrvo taka kA jJAna honA pUrva samAsa zruta hai| pratisArI viziSTa buddhivAle jIva ke zruta kA aMtimapUrva (lokabiMdusAra) kA jo antima bhAvAkSara hai, usake antAnanta khaNDa karake unameM se eka khaNDapramANa se hI zuru hotA hai|33 karmagraMtha meM bhI ukta 20 bhedoM ke nirUpaNa meM samAsa vAle bhedoM meM eka akSara adhika kA kathana nahIM hai| 34 uparyukta 20 bhedoM meM se prathama 19 bhedoM kA samAveza utpAdapUrva nAmaka prathama pUrva meM tathA zeSa ko samasta aMgapraviSTa tathA aMgabAhya rUpa vAGmaya kA pUrvasamAsa nAmaka 20veM bheda meM aMtarbhAva kiyA jAtA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM aMgapraviSTa-aMgabAhya kA vicAra pramANa kI apekSA se huA hai, svarUpa kI apekSA se nahIM hai| SaTkhaMDAgama ke alAvA zrutajJAna ke bIsa bhedoM kA varNana harivaMza purANa evaM gommaTasAra435 Adi meM bhI prApta hotA hai| zrutajJAna kA viSaya bhASyakAra ne viSaya sambandhI vizeSa ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| mAtra itanA hI kahA hai ki rUpa se zrutajJAnI dravyAdi ko yathArtha jAnate haiM, lekina isa prasaMga para zrutajJAnI darzana se dekhatA hai yA nahIM, isakA varNana kiyA hai| dravyAdi viSaya kA varNana jo naMdIsUtra Adi meM prApta hotA hai, usI kA yahA~ ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai| __ naMdIsUtra ke anusAra - zrutajJAna kA viSaya saMkSepa se cAra prakAra kA hai, yathA - 1. dravya se, 2. kSetra se, 3. kAla se aura 4. bhAva se 36 1. dravya se - utkRSTa zrutajJAnI zrutajJAna meM upayoga lagAne para sabhI rUpI-arUpI chahoM dravyoM ko jAnate haiM tathA mAnoM pratyakSa dekha rahe hoM, isa prakAra spaSTa dekhate haiN| yahA~ sarva zabda zruta athavA graMtha kI apekSA se prayukta huA hai| 2. kSetra se - utkRSTa zrutajJAnI zrutajJAna meM upayoga lagAne para sabhI lokAkAza va alokAkAza rUpa kSetra ko jAnate haiM tathA mAno pratyakSa dekha rahe hoM, isa prakAra spaSTa dekhate haiM / 138 3. kAla se- utkRSTa zrutajJAnI zrutajJAna meM upayoga lagAne para sabhI pUrNa bhUta, bhaviSya, vartamAna kAla ko jAnate haiM tathA mAnoM pratyakSa dekha rahe hoM isa prakAra spaSTa dekhate haiN|39 4. bhAva se - utkRSTa zrutajJAnI zrutajJAna meM upayoga lagAne para sabhI rUpI arUpI chahoM dravyoM kI saba paryAyoM ko jAnate haiM tathA mAno pratyakSa dekha rahe hoM, isa prakAra spaSTa dekhate haiN|40 433. SaTkhaMDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.48, pR. 265-71 434. karmagraMtha pR. 18-29 435. SaTkhaMDAgama pu. 13, 5.5.48 pR. 260-272 evaM pustaka 6, sUtra 1.9.1.14 pR. 21-25, harivaMza purANa sarga 10 gAthA 14-26 pR. 186-187, gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa gAthA 319-349 436. se samAsao cauvihe paNNatte, taM jahA - davvao, khittao, kAlao, bhaavo| - naMdIsUtra pR. 204 437. tattha davvao NaM suyaNANI uvautte savvadavvAI jANai paasi| - naMdIsUtra pR. 204 438. khittao NaM suyaNANI uvautte savvaM khettaM jANai paasi| - naMdIsUtra pR. 204 439. kAlao NaM suyaNANI uvautte savvaM kAlaM jANai paasi| - naMdIsUtra pR. 204 440. bhAvao NaM suyaNANI uvautte savve bhAve jANai paasi| - naMdIsUtra pR. 204

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[290] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana utkRSTa zrutajJAnI, sarvadravya, sarvakSetra, sarvakAla aura sarvabhAvoM ko sAmAnya prakAra se jAnate haiM, kucha vizeSa prakAra se bhI jAnate haiM, para sarva vizeSa prakAroM se nahIM jAnate, kyoMki kevalajJAna kI paryAya se zrutajJAna kI paryAya anantaguNa hIna hai|4| jo utkRSTa zrutajJAnI nahIM hai, unameM se koI sarva dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva se jAnate haiM, koI nahIM jaante|42 ___ cUrNikAra ke kathanAnusAra zrutajJAna ke viSaya kA nirUpaNa sabhinna dazapUrvI se caudahapUrvI (zrutakevalI) Adi kI apekSA se kiyA gayA hai|43 zrutajJAnI sUkSma se sUkSma paramANu skaMdha ko bhI jAnatA hai, to graMthoM ke AdhAra para jAnatA hai| zrutajJAna ke viSaya meM prayukta 'jANai' aura 'pAsai' kriyA kA prayoga vicAraNIya hai, kyoMki Agama-graMthoM ke jJAna ko jAna sakate haiM, lekina dekha nahIM sakate haiN| ataH 'pAsai' kriyA ke sambandha meM yahA~ virodhAbhAsa utpanna hotA hai| zrutajJAnI indriyoM ke viSaya se dUra rahe hue meruparvata Adi ko zrutajJAna ke AdhAra se citrita karatA hai, lekina vaha adRSTa ko citrita nahIM kara sakatA hai|44 vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA mata bhASyakAra aura TIkAkAra ke anusAra jo zrutajJAnI upayogavAn hotA hai to vaha paMcAstikAya rUpa sabhI dravya, lokAloka rUpa sabhI kSetra, atItAdi rUpa sabhI kAla aura audArika Adi sabhI bhAvoM ko spaSTa rUpa se yathArtha jAnatA hai, parantu sAmAnyagrAhI darzana se nahIM dekhate haiM, kyoMki jaise manaHparyavajJAna spaSTArtha kA grAhaka hone se usakA darzana nahIM mAnA hai, vaise hI zrutajJAna se bhI spaSTa (vizeSarUpa se) jJAna hotA hai, isalie usakA bhI darzana nahIM hotA hai| naMdIsUtra meM jo dravyAdi kI apekSA se zrutajJAna kA viSaya batAyA hai, una dravyAdi kI apekSA se zrutajJAnI jAnatA to hai, lekina dekhatA nahIM hai| arthAt TIkAkAra ne bhASyakAra ke anusAra naMdIsUtra meM 'jANai pAsai' ke sthAna para 'jANai na pAsai' (jAnatA hai lekina dekhatA nahIM hai) prayoga honA cAhie, aisA kathana kiyA hai| bhASyakAra ne isa sambandha meM matAntara dete hue kahA ki kucha AcArya aisA mAnate haiM ki zrutajJAnI jJAna se jAnate haiM, aura acakSudarzana se dekhate haiN| kyoMki zrutajJAnI ke matijJAna avazya hotA hai aura matijJAna aura zrutajJAna meM cakSu tathA acakSu yaha do darzana batAye haiN| matijJAnI cakSudarzana se aura zrutajJAnI acakSudarzana se dekhate haiN| lekina aisA mAnanA ayogya hai 145 kyoMki matijJAna aura zrutajJAna meM indriya manonimitta samAna hone se acakSudarzana bhI donoM meM samAna hai| to phira acakSudarzana se matijJAnI kyoM nahIM dekhatA hai arthAt donoM alaga-alaga darzana se kyoM dekhate haiM? isalie aisA kahanA kadAgraha hai| vAstava meM to yahI sahI hai ki zrutajJAnI jAnate haiM lekina dekhate nahIM hai| 146 Agama kA mata prajJApanA sUtra pada 30 meM pazyattA kA varNana hai| vahA~ pazyattA kA artha kiyA hai - dekhane kA bhaav| upayoga ke samAna pazyattA ke bhI do bheda hote haiM - sAkAra aura anaakaar| donoM meM antara batAte hue AcArya abhayadevasUri kahate haiM ki yoM to pazyattA eka upayoga vizeSa hI hai, kintu upayoga aura pazyattA meM thor3A sA antara hai| jisa bodha (jJAna) meM traikAlika (dIrghakAlika) avabodha ho vaha pazyattA hai tathA jisa bodha (jJAna) meM vartamAna kAlika bodha ho, vaha upayoga hai| isa prakAra upayoga aura pazyattA meM antara hone se pazyattA ko upayoga se alaga batAyA hai| 441. bhagavatI sUtra za. 8 u.2 442. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 120 443. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 119 444. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 120 445. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 553 TIkA 446. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 554 TIkA

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [291] sAkAra pazyattA ke chaha bheda-zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryavajJAna, kevalajJAna, zrutaajJAna aura vibhaMga jnyaan| anAkAra pazyattA ke tIna bheda - cakSudarzana, avadhidarzana aura kevldrshn| sAkAra pazyattA ke bhedoM meM matijJAna aura mati ajJAna, ina donoM ko nahIM liyA hai, kyoMki Abhinibodhika jJAna use kahate haiM jo avagrahAdi rUpa ho, indriya tathA mana ke nimitta se utpanna ho tathA vartamAna kAlika vastu kA grAhaka ho| isa dRSTi se matijJAna aura matyajJAna donoM meM sAkAra pazyattA nahIM hai| jabaki zrutajJAna Adi jJAna-ajJAna atIta aura anAgata viSaya ke grAhaka hone se sAkAra pazyattA zabda ke vAcya hote haiN| zrutajJAna trikAla viSayaka hotA hai| avadhijJAna bhI asaMkhyAta atIta aura anAgata kAlika utpasarpiNiyoM-avasarpiNiyoM ko jAnane ke kAraNa trikAla viSayaka hai| manaH paryavajJAna bhI palyopama ke asaMkhyAta bhAga pramANa atIta anAgata kAla kA paricchedaka hone se trikAla viSayaka hai| kevalajJAna kI trikAlaviSayatA to prasiddha hI hai| zruta ajJAna aura vibhaMgajJAna bhI trikAla viSayaka hote haiM, kyoMki ye donoM yathAyogya atIta aura anAgata bhAvoM ke paricchedaka hote haiN| anAkAra pazyattA meM acakSudarzana kA samAveza isalie nahIM kiyA gayA hai ki pazyattA eka prakAra kA prakRSTa IkSaNa (dekhanA) hai, jo cakSurindriya se hI saMbhava hai tathA dUsarI indriyoM se nahIM, kyoMki anya indriyoM kI apekSA cakSurindriya kA upayoga alpakAlika aura drutatara hotA hai, yahI pazyattA kI prakRSTatA meM kAraNa hai, ataH anAkAra pazyattA kA lakSaNa hai - jisameM viziSTa parisphuTa rUpa dekhA jaae| yaha lakSaNa cakSudarzana, avadhidarzana aura kevaladarzana meM hI ghaTita ho sakatA hai| vastutaH prAcIna vyAkhyAkAroM ke anusAra pazyattA aura upayoga ke bhedoM meM antara hI inakI vyAkhyA ko dhvanita kara dete haiN|47 uparyukta pazyattA ke varNana meM zrutajJAna ko pazyattA ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa apekSA se zrutajJAnI bhI jAnatA aura dekhatA hai, vaha zrutajJAna ke upayoga se nahIM zrutajJAna kI pazyattA se jAnatA aura dekhatA hai, aisA kaha sakate haiN|448 AvazyakacUrNi meM kahA hai ki zrutajJAnI adRSTa dvIpasamudroM aura devakuru-uttarakuru ke bhavanoM kI AkRtiyoM (saMsthAnoM) kA isa rUpa meM Alekhana karatA hai ki mAno unheM sAkSAt dekhA ho| ataH zruta jJAnI jAnatA hai, dekhatA hai - yaha AlApaka viparIta nahIM hai| 49 AcArya mahAprajJa ke anusAra 'pazyati' kA artha cakSu se dekhanA athavA sAkSAtkAra karanA nahIM hai| yahA~ 'pAsai' kA prayoga pazyattA ke artha meM hai| isakA tAtparya hai, dIrghakAlika upyog| zrutajJAna kA sambandha mana se hai| mAnasika jJAna dIrghakAlika athavA traikAlika hotA hai, isalie yahAM 'pAsai' kA prayoga saMgata hai| 50 maladhArI hemacandra ne kahA hai ki kucha sthAnoM para 'teNa sue pAsaNA'jutta' kA zrutajJAna pazyattA se ayukta hai, aisA artha kiyA jAtA hai| isI apekSA se 'pAsai ya kei so puNa tamacakkhurdasaNeNaM ti' gAthA 553 meM isa pATha se acakSudarzana kI apekSA se zrutajJAna meM pazyattA kahI hai to vaha ayogya hai| kyoMki prajJApanA sUtra meM matijJAna, mati ajJAna aura acakSudarzana ko chor3akara nau prakAra kI pazyattA kahI hai, usameM zrutajJAnI jAnate haiM, lekina dekhate nahIM hai, aisA artha samajhanA caahie| (yaha gAthA pUrva TIkAkAroM ne grahaNa to kI, lekina kahIM para bhI usakI vyAkhyA nahIM kI hai| isakI vyAkhyA TIkAkAra ne svabodha artha se kI hai, kintu Agama se jo artha avirodhI ho usakA grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai|51 447. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, prajJApanAsUtra, bhAga 3, pada 30, pR. 163 448. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 554 bRhadvRtti 449. Avazyaka cUrNi, bhAga 1, pR. 35-36 450. AcArya mahAprajJa, naMdIsUtra, pR. 189 451. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 555 bRhadvRtti

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[292] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana pa zruta jJAna ke viSaya kI tulanA matijJAna aura kevalajJAna ke viSaya se nimna prakAra se kara sakate haiN| matijJAna zrutajJAna kevalajJAna dravya Adezata: sarva dravyoM ko zrutopayoga avasthA meM sarva dravyoM ko sarva dravyoM ko jAnatA-dekhatA hai jAnatA-dekhatA hai jAnatA-dekhatA hai kSetra Adezata: sarva kSetroM ko zrutopayoga avasthA meM sarva kSetroM ko sarva kSetroM ko jAnatA-dekhatA hai jAnatA-dekhatA hai jAnatA-dekhatA hai kAla Adezata: sarva kAla ko zratopayoga avasthA meM sarva kAla ko sarva kAla ko jAnatA-dekhatA hai jAnatA-dekhatA hai jAnatA-dekhatA hai bhAva AdezataH sarva bhAvoM ko zrutopayoga avasthA meM sarva bhAvoM ko sarva bhAvoM ko jAnatA-dekhatA hai jAnatA-dekhatA hai jAnatA-dekhatA hai matijJAna ke dravyAdi viSaya kI apekSA se sarva zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, vaha Adeza kI apekSA hai, jabaki zrutajJAna ke prasaMga para sarva zabda zruta athavA graMtha kI apekSA se prayukta huA hai| satpadaparupaNAdi nau anuyoga dvArA zrutajJAna kI prarupaNA jisa prakAra matijJAna kA satpadaprarUpaNA, dravyapramANa, kSetra, sparzanA, kAla, antara, bhAga, bhAva aura alpabahutva ina nau dvAroM ke mAdhyama se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| usI prakAra zrutajJAna ke lie samajha lenA cAhie, kyoMki matijJAna aura zrutajJAna donoM ke adhikArI eka hI haiN| 52 zrata kA prAmANya cArvAka ko chor3akara zeSa bhAratIya darzana meM zabda pramANa ke mahattva ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sAMkhyadarzana Apta vacanoM ko zabda pramANa mAnatA hai| jainaparamparA meM bhI sva-AgamoM ko pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| AptapuruSa ke zabdoM ko sunakara zrotA ke citta meM zabda pratipAdita artha kI jo yathArthavRtti utpanna hotI hai, usako yogadarzana meM Agama pramANa kahA gayA hai| 54 yogadarzana kA Agama pramANa jainadarzana meM samyagdRSTi ke bhAvazruta ke samAna hai| vaizeSika darzana aura bauddhadarzana meM Agama kA antarbhAva anumAna meM kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana ne isa mAnyatA kA khaMDana karake Agama ko svataMtra pramANa siddha kiyA hai| isa prakAra nyAya, mImAMsA, vedAnta ne bhI Agama ko svataMtra rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai| 55 zrutajJAna meM anumAnAdi pramANoM kA samAveza akalaMka ne akSara zruta aura anakSara zruta kI saMyojanA anumAna, upamAna Adi ke sAtha kI hai| unake anusAra svArthAnumAna, svapratipatti ke kAla meM anakSara zruta hotA hai| parArthAnumAna - dUsare ke lie pratipAdana ke kAla meM akSara zruta hotA hai| isI prakAra upamAna pramANa bhI akSara zruta hotA hai| isI prakAra upamAna pramANa bhI akSara zruta aura anakSara zruta donoM prakAra kA hotA hai| pahale batAye hue pramANa se akalaMka anumAna Adi kA aMtarbhAva svapratipatti kAla meM akSara zruta meM mAnate haiN|57 isa prakAra akalaMka ke anusAra varNajanya zruta akSarazruta hai aura avarNajanya zruta anakSarazruta hai| umAsvAti aitihya aura Agama ko ekArthaka mAnate haiN| jinabhadragaNi zruta ko (labdhyakSara) anumAna rUpa aura upacArataH pratyakSa mAnate haiN|58 aura bAda ke kAla meM nyAyadarzana Adi ke samAna jainAcAryoM ne anumAna, upamAna Adi pramANoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jaiseki akalaMka ne trividha 452. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 557 453. sAMkhyakArikA, gAthA 2 454. yogabhASya 1.7 455. nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga 2, pR. 530-539 456. SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13, pR. 265 457. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.20.15 458. tattvArthabhASya 1.20, vizeSAvazyakabhASya 467, 469

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [293] anumAna, upamAna, zabda, aitihya, arthApatti, pratipattisaMbhava, abhAva, 459 smRti. tarka 460 Adi kA aMtarbhAva zruta meM kiyA aura vizeSa spaSTa karate hue kahA ki uparyukta anumAna Adi jo svapratipatti karAte haiM, to unako anakSara zruta meM aura parapratipatti karAte haiM to unako akSarazruta meM grahaNa karanA cAhie "" jabaki AcArya vidyAnaMda ke anusAra pratibhAjJAna, saMbhava, abhAva, arthApatti aura svArthAnumAna ye jaba azabdAtmaka hote hai taba unakA grahaNa matijJAna meM hotA hai tathA jaba zabda rUpa hote haiM, taba unakA grahaNa zrutajJAna meM karanA cAhie 42 samIkSaNa jo jJAna zrotrendriya se sambandhita ho, vaha zrutajJAna hai / lekina yahA~ zrotrendriya meM prayukta indriya zabda ke upalakSaNa se zeSa indriyoM se hone vAlA jJAna bhI zrutajJAna se sambandhita hai, aisA samajhanA caahie| AtmA jisa pariNAmavizeSa se vAcyavAcaka saMbaMdhayukta zabda se saMspRSTa artha ko sunatI - jAnatI hai, vaha pariNAmavizeSa zrutajJAna hai| maladhArI hemacandra kI bahadvRtti ke anusAra jise AtmA sune vaha zruta hai, kyoMki zabda ko jIva sunatA hai, isalie zrutajJAna zabda rUpa hI hai| yadi aisA mAneMge to zruta Atma-pariNAma rUpa nahIM rahegA, kyoMki pUrvapakSa zabda ko hI zruta mAna rahA hai, lekina zabda paudgalika hone se mUrta rUpa hotA haiM jabaki AtmA amUrta hai kintu mUrta vastu amUrta kA pariNAma nahIM hotI hai aura Agama meM to zrutajJAna ko Atma- pariNAma rUpa mAnA gayA hai| ataH vaktA dvArA bolA gayA zabda zrutajJAna kA nimitta hotA hai| zrutajJAna ke isa nimittabhUta zabda meM zruta kA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai, lekina paramArtha se jIva (AtmA) hI zruta hai / jaba karmavAcya kA prayoga karake kahe ki 'jo sunA jAya, vaha zruta hai' to isase dravyazruta kA aura jaba kartRvAcya kA prayoga karake kahe ki 'jo sunatA hai, vaha zruta hai to isase bhAvazruta kA grahaNa hotA hai| yadi zabdollekhajJAna zrutajJAna hai to isa lakSaNa se ekendriya jIvoM meM zruta jJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai, isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna jinabhadragaNi ne yuktiyukta diyA hai ki ekendriya jIvoM meM bhI zrutajJAna (ajJAna) AhAra saMjJA Adi ke samaya hotA hai, para vaha atyanta manda rUpa hotA hai / zrutajJAna kA anya jJAnoM se vaiziSTya hai cAra jJAna apane svarUpa ko svayaM vyakta nahIM kara sakate haiM, apane svarUpa ko prakaTa karane ke lie unheM zrutajJAna kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai, isalie zrutajJAna anya jJAnoM se viziSTa hai| zrutajJAna caraNa karaNa kI prarUpaNA aura AcaraNa meM mukhya hotA hai, isake dvArA hI AtmA kA upakAra hotA hai| zrutajJAna aura kevalajJAna kI tulanA karane para mAtra donoM meM itanA hI antara hai ki kevalajJAnI jisa viSaya ko pratyakSa jAnatA hai, zrutajJAnI usI viSaya ko parokSa rUpa se jAnatA hai ataH zrutajJAna parokSa hai aura kevalajJAna pratyakSa hai| matijJAna zrutajJAna kA AdhAra hai| vahI padArtha zrutajJAna kA viSaya ho sakatA hai jise pahale matijJAna dvArA jAna liyA gayA hai| kabhI koI aisA padArtha zrutajJAna kA viSaya nahIM ho sakatA jo vyakti ke matijJAna kI sImA se pUrNatayA bhinna ho ataH zrutajJAna kI utpatti matijJAna se hotI hai| phira donoM ke Avaraka karma alaga-alaga haiM, isalie donoM bhinna haiM / maladhArI hemacandra ne bahadvRtti meM spaSTa kiyA hai ki indriya aura mana ke nimitta se hone 459. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.20.15 461. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.20.15 460. laghIyatraya 3.10, 11 uddhRta nyAkumudacandra pR. 404-5 462. tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.20.124 se 126

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[294] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana vAlA sArA jJAna matijJAna hI hai| paropadeza aura Agamavacana ina do vizeSatAoM se viziSTa zrutajJAna matijJAna kA hI eka bheda hai, isase bhinna nahIM hai| AgamoM meM zrutajJAna ko matipUrvaka kahA gayA hai, lekina zrutajJAna zrutapUrvaka bhI hotA hai, jaiseki paramparAgata rUpa se vaha bhI matijJAna para hI AdhArita hai| akalaMka kahate haiM ki ghaTa zabda ko sunakara pahale ghaTa vastu kA jJAna tathA usa zruta se jaladhArANAdi kAryoM kA jo dvitIya zrutajJAna hotA hai vaha zrutapUrvaka zrutajJAna hai| yahA~ prathama zrutajJAna ke matipUrvaka hone se dvitIya zrutajJAna meM bhI matipUrvakatva kA upacAra kara liyA jAtA hai, athavA pUrva zabda vyavahita pUrva ko bhI kahatA hai / ataH sAkSAt yA paramparA matipUrvaka utpanna hone vAle jJAna zrutajJAna kahA jAtA hai / zrutajJAna aura matijJAna meM antara - 1. zrutajJAna meM vAcya padArtha aura vAcaka zabda ke paraspara sambandha kA jJAna niyama se aura mukhya rUpa se rahatA hai tathA zabda ullekha bhI niyama se hotA hai / parantu matijJAna meM vAcya vAcaka sambandha kI paryAlocanA nahIM hotI hai| 2. zrutajJAna traikAlika vastu ko viSaya karatA hai, jabaki matijJAna vartamAna kAlika vastu meM pravRtta hotA hai ataH matijJAna kAraNa hai aura zrutajJAna kArya hai, ityAdi hetuoM zruta aura mati meM bheda ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| - zrutajJAna ke kitane bheda haiM, isake sambandha meM AcArya eka mata nahIM haiM, sabhI AcAryoM ke mata kA adhyayana karane para isa sambandha meM mukhya rUpa se zrutajJAna ke bhedoM ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM 1. anuyogadvAra sUtra ke anusAra nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva ye cAra bheda. 2. Avazyakaniryukti ke anusAra akSara - anakSara, saMjJI - asaMjJI Adi caudaha bheda, 3. SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra paryAya, paryAyasamAsa, akSara, akSara samAsa Adi bIsa bheda evaM 4. tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya ye do bheda / - uparyukta bhedoM meM anuyogadvAra kRta bheda prAcIna nikSepa paddhati ke AdhAra para kiye gaye haiM, SaTkhaNDAgama meM varNita bheda vistArazailI vAle haiM, jabaki tattvArthasUtra meM ullikhita bheda ati saMkSipta zailI se yukta haiN| ataH Avazyakaniryukti meM zrutajJAna ke jo caudaha bheda kiye gaye haiM, ve na to vistAra yukta hai aura nahIM saMkSiptazailI se varNita hai| Avazyakaniryukti kRta bhedoM se zrutajJAna ke sambandha meM viziSTa jAnakArI milatI hai| akSara- anakSara zruta akSara zabda kA prayoga amaratva ke rUpa huA hai arthAt jisakA kabhI nAza nahIM ho vaha akSara hai / isa vyutpatti se to pAMcoM jJAna akSara rUpa haiM, phira bhI zrutajJAna kI pramukhatA hone se zrutajJAna ko hI akSara kahA gayA hai| I jo akArAdi ghaTa, paTa Adi abhidheya padArthoM ke artha ko prakaTa karate haiM, ve varNa kahalAte haiM varNa do prakAra ke hote haiM - svara aura vyaMjana / jo vyaMjana ko uccAraNa ke yogya banAte haiM, ve akArAdi svara kahalAte haiM, jo padArtha ko prakaTa karate haiM, ve vyaMjana kahalAte haiN| akSara zruta tIna prakAra kA hotA hai - 1. saMjJAkSara - niyata akSara ke AkAra ko saMjJAkSara kahate haiM, jaise a, A, ka, kha, Ta Adi arthAt saMjJAkSara AkRti rUpa hotA hai| 2. vyaMjanAkSara - zabda ke artha ko prakaTa karane vAle akSara bolate samaya vyaMjanAkSara haiN| 3. labdhyakSara kSayopazama ke nimitta se hone vAlA jJAna labdhyakSara hai| zrutajJAnAvaraNa ke - dhavalATIkA meM inako krama se saMsthAna akSara, nirvRtyakSara aura labdhi akSara kahA gayA hai| saMjJAkSara aura vyaMjanAkSara dravyazruta rUpa aura labdhyakSara bhAvazruta rUpa hotA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne indriyajJAna ko paramArtha se anumAna rUpa hI svIkAra kiyA hai|

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [295] labdhyakSara kI sattA ekendriya jIvoM meM mAnakara unameM soye hue muni ke udAharaNa se bhAva zruta kI sattA svIkAra kI gaI hai| isa prasaMga para jinabhadragaNi ne ekendriya meM eka dravyendriya aura pAMcoM bhAvendriya mAnI hai| lekina yaha AgamAnukUla nahIM hai, kyoMki prajJApanA sUtra ke pandrahaveM pada meM spaSTa rUpa se ekendriya meM eka dravyendriya aura eka hI bhAvendriya hone kA ullekha hai| ekendriya meM anya indriya janita jo kArya hote hue dekhe jAte haiM, ve saMjJA rUpa haiN| kyoMki prajJApanA sUtra ke 8veM pada meM ekendriya jIvoM meM AhArAdi dasoM saMjJAeM hotI haiN| __ akSarazruta ke prasaMga para eka akAra Adi kI paryAya kA pramANa batAte hue usakI sva aura para paryAya kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jIva ke akSara kA anantavAM bhAga nitya khulA rahatA hai to vaha akSara kA anantavAM bhAga zrutAkSara hai ki kevalAkSara rUpa? isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna karate hue usako zrutAkSara rUpa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| akSarazruta ke viparIta anakSarazruta hotA hai, zvAsa lene, thUkane, khAMsane Adi se jo zabda utpanna hotA hai, vaha anakSara zruta hai| jaise akSara zruta ke tIna bheda hote haiM, vaise hI anakSara zruta ke bhI bheda hote haiN| saMjJI-asaMjJI zruta - saMjJA zabda ke aneka artha hote haiM, vedanIya aura mohanIya karma ke udaya se tathA jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama se paidA hone vAlI AhArAdi kI prApti ke lie AtmA kI kriyA vizeSa ko saMjJA kahate haiN| mukhya rUpa se saMjJA ke do bheda hote haiM - pratyabhijJAna aura anubhUti / AcAryoM ne saMjJI-asaMjJI ke prasaMga para saMjJA ko vibhinna prakAra se paribhASita kiyA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne saMjJI-asaMjJI zruta ke prasaMga para tIna saMjJAoM kA ullekha karate hue unake AdhAra para saMjJI aura asaMjJI ko paribhASita kiyA hai| 1. dIrghakAlikopadezikI saMjJA - isameM bhUta-bhaviSya aura vartamAna kAlika ciMtana-manana hotA hai, vaha dIrghakAlikopadezikI saMjJA kahatAtI hai| jina jIvoM meM yaha saMjJA pAI jAtI hai, ve isa saMjJA kI apekSA saMjJI kahalAte haiN| aise jIvoM kA zruta saMjJI zruta aura jisameM yaha saMjJA nahIM hotI unakA zruta asaMjJI zruta kahalAtA hai| yaha saMjJA mana vAle saMjJI paMcendriya jIvoM meM hI pAI jAtI hai| 2. hetuvAdopadezikI saMjJA - isameM vartamAna kAlika ciMtana-manana hotA hai, vaha hetuvAdopadezikI saMjJA kahatAtI hai| jina jIvoM meM yaha saMjJA pAI jAtI hai, ve isa saMjJA kI apekSA saMjJI kahalAte haiN| aise jIvoM kA zruta saMjJI zruta aura jisameM yaha saMjJA nahIM hotI unakA zruta asaMjJI zruta kahalAtA hai| yaha saMjJA dvIndriya se paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM meM pAI jAtI hai| 3. dRSTivAdopadezikI saMjJA - jina jIvoM meM samyaktva hotI hai, ve jIva isa saMjJA kI apekSA saMjJI hote haiN| aise jIvoM kA zruta saMjJI zruta aura jisameM yaha saMjJA nahIM hotI unakA zruta asaMjJI zruta kahalAtA hai| yaha saMjJA caudahapUrvI meM hI pAI jAtI hai| tInoM saMjJAoM meM hetuvAdopadezikI azubhatara, dIrghakAlikopadezikI saMjJA azubha, dRSTivAdopadezikA saMjJA zubha hai| malayagiri kI naMdavRtti ke anusAra uparyukta varNana meM nirUpita saMjJA uttarottara vizuddhavizuddhatara hone se sabase pahala hetuvAda kA kathana karanA cAhie thaa| lekina naMdI me dIrghakAlikopadezikI kA kathana pahale kiyA hai| ataH ina saMjJAoM kA krama vizuddhi ke AdhAra para nahIM hokara jisa saMjJA se saMjJI-asaMjJI kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai, usako prathama sthAna para rakhA gayA hai| AgamoM meM jahAM bhI saMjJI-asaMjJI jIvoM kI carcA huI hai vaha dIrghakAlikopadezikI kI apekSA se hI huI hai| digambara paramparA meM ina tInoM saMjJAoM kA varNana prApta nahIM hotA hai| samyak-mithyA zruta - arhat bhagavAn dvArA praNIta dvAdazAMgI kA jJAna jo navatattva kA, SaDdravya kA samyag anekAntavAda pUrvaka, pUrvApara aviruddha yathArtha samyagjJAna hai, jo zama saMvegAdi ko utpanna

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[296] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana karane vAlA, samyak ahiMsA, samyak tapa kI preraNA karane vAlA, bhava-bhramaNa kA nAza karane vAlA aura mokSa pahu~cAne vAlA zruta hai, vaha 'samyakzruta' hai| aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya rUpa sabhI Agama samyak zruta rUpa haiN| jo pravacana aura Agama kI apekSA ajJAnI haiM aura mithyAdRSTi haiM, jo loka dRSTi vAle haiM, unakI svacchanda mati aura buddhi ke dvArA vikalpita jo pravacana aura Agama haiM, ve 'mithyAzruta' haiN| bhArata, rAmAyaNa Adi graMtha mithyAzruta rUpa haiN| chadmasthoM meM jaghanya dasa pUrvI aura utkRSTa caudahapUrvI kI racanA ko ekAMta rUpa se samyak zruta mAnA gayA hai, jabaki dasapUrvI se kama pUrvadhArI ke dvArA racita graMtha samyakzruta aura mithyAzruta donoM rUpa ho sakate haiN| jinabhadragaNi ne samyak-mithyAzruta ke prasaMga meM pAMca samyaktvoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinakA vistAra se varNana maladhArI hemacandra ne bRhavRtti meM kiyA hai| samyaktva aura zruta meM antara spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki zuddhatattvAvabodha rUpa zruta meM tattva zraddhAna aMza samyaktva hai aura yaha samyaktva zruta tattvabodha zrutajJAna hai| samyaktva kAraNa aura zrutajJAna kArya rUpa hotA hai ata: yaha donoM meM bhinnatA hai| ___ naMdIsUtra (pR. 155) meM zruta kI pariNati kI apekSA cAra bhaMgoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai - 1. jisa mithyAdRSTi ne ina mithyAzrutoM ko 'ye samyakzruta haiM', isa mithyAzraddhA ke sAtha grahaNa kiyA hai, usake lie ye mithyAzruta haiM, kyoMki isase vaha mokSa ke viparIta mithyAtva kA AgrahI hotA hai| 2. jisa samyagdRSTi ne ina mithyAzrutoM ko 'ye mithyAzruta hai'-isa samyag zraddhA ke sAtha grahaNa kiyA hai, usake lie ye samyakzruta haiM, kyoMki samyagdRSTi inheM par3ha suna kara inakI mokSa ke prati asAratA ko jAnakara samyaktva meM sthira banatA hai| 3. mithyAdRSTi ke lie bhI ye samyakzruta haiN| kyoMki yaha usakI samyaktva meM nimitta banate haiN| jaiseki mithyAdRSTi, mithyAtva mohanIya ke kSayopazama Adi ke samaya inheM par3ha-sunakara sUkSmArtha samajha meM Ane ke kAraNa yA utpanna zaMkA kA nivAraNa ho jAne ke kAraNa yA dUsaroM ke dvArA samyak rUpa meM samajhAe jAne ke kAraNa ina samyakzrutoM ko-'ye samyakzruta haiM'-yoM samyakzraddhA ke sAtha grahaNa karate haiM aura apanI pUrva kI mithyAdRSTi chor3a dete haiN| 4. samyagdRSTi ke lie bhI ye hI mithyAzruta haiN| kyoMki ye mithyAtva meM kAraNa bana jAte haiN| jaiseki kaI samyagdRSTi, mithyAtva mohanIya ke udaya ke samaya inheM par3ha-sunakara sUkSmArtha samajhane meM na Ane ke kAraNa yA utpanna huI zaMkA kA nivAraNa na hone ke kAraNa yA dUsaroM ke dvArA bhrAMti utpanna karane ityAdi kAraNoM se, ina samyakzrutoM ko-'ye mithyAzruta haiM'-yoM mithyA zraddhApUrvaka grahaNa kara lete haiM aura samyagdRSTi ko chor3a dete haiM 63 sAdi-saparyavasita zrRta tathA anAdi-aparyavasita zruta kA varNana naya, dravyAdi aura bhavI jIva kI apekSA se kiyA gayA hai| dravyAstika naya kI apekSA zruta anAdi-aparyavasita tathA paryAyAstikAya naya kI apekSA sAdi-saparyavasita hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA zruta sAdi-saparyavasita aura anAdi-aparyavasita hotA hai| bhavI-abhavI kI apekSA se varNana karate jinabhadragaNi ne cAra bhaMgoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| gamika-agamika zruta ke prakAra ko samajhAte hue kahA hai ki jimaseM bhaMga kI bahulatA ho, gaNita kA viSaya ho athavA sadRza pATha ho, vaha gamika zruta kahalAtA hai| jisameM aisA ullekha nahIM ho vaha agamika zruta kahalAtA hai| 263. ahavA micchadiTThissa vi eyAI ceva sammasuyaM kamhA? sammattaheuttaNao, jamhA te micchadiTThiyA tehiM ceva samaehiM coiyA samANA kei sapakkhadiTThio cyNti| - naMdIsUtra, pR. 155

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cartutha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrutajJAna [297] aMgapraviSTa-aMgabAhya - jo Agama artha rUpa meM tIrthaMkara dvArA praNIta aura sUtra rUpa meM gaNadharakRta haiM, ve aMgapraviSTa kahalAte haiN| bhagavAn kI artharUpa vANI ke AdhAra para gaNadhara ke alAvA anya AcAryoM dvArA racita Agama aMgabAhya kahalAte haiN| digambara paramparA meM bhI gaNadharakRta Agama aMga aura AcArya (ArAtIya) dvArA racita Agama aMgabAhya Agama mAnA gayA hai| aMgabAhya ke bheda - isake Avazyaka aura Avazyaka vyatirikta rUpa se do bheda hote haiN| punaH Avazyakavyatirikta ke do bheda hote haiM - kAlika aura utkaalik| jinake svAdhyAya kA kAla niyata hotA hai, ve kAlika sUtra hote haiM tathA jinake svAdhyAya kA kAla aniyata hotA hai, ve utkAlika sUtra kahalAte haiN| naMdIsUtra meM uttarAdhyayana Adi 31 kAlika sUtroM tathA dazavaikAlika Adi 29 utkAlika sUtroM ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai| digambara paramparA meM aMgabAhya ke sAmAyika Adi caudaha prakAra batAye haiN| arhat dvArA kathita zruta ke AdhAra para AcArya jina sUtroM kI racanA karate haiM, ve prakIrNaka kahalAte haiN| prakIrNaka ke sambandha meM do mata haiM prathama mata ke anusAra jisa tIrthaMkara ke zAsana meM jitanI utkRSTa sAdhuoM kI saMkhyA hotI hai, usake utane utkRSTa prakIrNaka hote haiN| dUsarA mata hai tIrthaMkara ke zAsana meM jitane pratyeka buddha hote haiM utane hI prakIrNaka hote haiN| aMgapraviSTa ke bheda - jisa prakAra puruSa ke zarIra meM mukhya rUpa se bAraha aMga hote haiM, usI prakAra jinazAsana meM bAraha aMga hote haiN| isa prakAra aMga ke bAraha bheda prApta hote haiN| inakA sAmAnya artha nimna prakAra se haiM - 1. AcAra aMga - isameM AcAra kA varNana hai| 2. sUtrakRta aMga - isameM jaina-ajaina mata sUtrita hai| 3. sthAna aMga - isameM tattvoM kI saMkhyA batAI hai| 4. samavAya aMga - isameM tattvoM kA nirNaya kiyA hai| 5. vyAkhyA prajJapti - isameM tattvoM kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| 6. jJAtA-dharma-kathA aMga - isameM unnIsa dRSTAMta aura do sau chaha dharmakathAe~ haiN| 7. upAsakadasA aMga - isameM zramaNoM ke upAsakoM meM se dasa zrAvakoM ke caritra haiN| 8. antakRddasA aMga - isameM jinhoMne karmoM kA anta kiyA-aise meM se nabbe sAdhuoM ke caritra haiN| 9. anuttara aupapAtika - isameM anuttara vimAna meM utpanna hue tetIsa sAdhuoM ke caritra haiN| 10. praznavyAkaraNa - isameM pA~ca Asrava aura pA~ca saMvara kA varNana hai| 11. vipAka - isameM pApa aura puNya ke phala kA varNana hai| 12. dRSTivAda - isameM nAnA dRSTiyoM kA vAda thA arthAt jisameM vibhinna nayoM ke mAdhyama se viSaya vastu kA kathana kiyA gayA hai, vaha dRSTivAda hai| digambara sAhitya ke anusAra jisameM 363 pAMkhar3a matoM kA vistAra se khaNDana maMDana kiyA gayA hai, vaha dRSTivAda hai| dRSTivAda pAMca bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai - 1. parikarma - yaha dRSTivAda ko sIkhane kI bhUmikA hai| jaise kisI bhI bhASA kA gahana adhyayana karanA hai, to sarvaprathama usakI bArahakhar3I sIkhanA Avazyaka hai| prakAra isI dRSTivAda ko sIkhane ke lie parikarma kA jJAna Avazyaka hai| 2. sUtra - jo zabda meM saMkSipta aura artha meM vizAla ho vaha sUtra kahalAtA hai| digambara sAhitya ke anusAra jo mithyAdarzana ko sUcita kare vaha sUtra hai| 3. pUrvagata - tIrthaMkara sarvaprathama gaNadhara ko jisa mahAn artha kA kathana karate haiM, usa mahAn artha ko gaNadhara sUtra rUpa meM gUMthate haiM, vaha pUrvagata kahalAtA hai| pUrvagata caudaha prakAra kA hotA hai - 1. utpAda pUrva 2. agrAyaNIya pUrva 3. vIryapravAda pUrva 4. astinAsti-pravAda pUrva 5. jJAnapravAda pUrva 6. satyapravAda pUrva 7. AtmapravAda pUrva 8. karmapravAda pUrva 9. pratyAkhyAnapravAda pUrva 10. vidyAnupravAda pUrva 11. avandhya (kalyANanAmadheya) pUrva 12. prANAyu (prANAvAya) pUrva 13. kriyAvizAlapUrva aura 14. loka-bindusAra puurv|

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[298] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 4. anuyoga - jisameM mUla viSaya ko puSTa karane vAle viSaya kA varNana ho vaha anuyoga hai| isake do bheda hote haiM- 1. mUla prathamAnuyoga - jisameM tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana cAritra kA varNana hai| 2. gaNDikAnuyoga-jisameM sAmAnya aura bodhagamya tathA ganne ke samAna madhura viSaya kA varNana ho vaha gaNDikAnuyoga hai| 5. cUlikA - mukhya pratipAdya viSaya ke kathana ke bAda viSaya pariziSTa svarUpa athavA upasaMhAra svarUpa pratipAdana ko cUlikA kahate haiN| isa prakAra donoM paramparA meM mAnya bAraha aMgoM kI viSaya vastu kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| dvAdazAMgI zabda rUpa hai, isalie puruSa hI isakA karttA hai| jisa prakAra dharmAstikAya Adi pAMca dravya zAzvata haiM, vaise hI dvAdazAMgI bhI zAzvata hai| isalie dhruva Adi sAta vizeSaNa diye gae haiN| dvAdazAMgI kI virAdhanA karane vAlA jIva ananta kAla taka saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai tathA ArAdhanA karane vAlA zIghra hI mokSa ko prApta karatA hai| SaTkhaMDAgama meM zrutajJAna ke do prakAra se bheda kiye gae haiN| -1. akSara kI apekSA se zrutajJAna ke saMkhyAta bheda haiN| 2. pramANa kI apekSA zrutajJAna ke paryAya Adi bIsa bheda hote haiM, jinakA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA haiN| zrutajJAna ke viSaya kA varNana dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| isameM jAnane (jANai) aura dekhane (pAsai) rUpa do kriyAoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| pAsai kriyA ke sambandha meM jinabhadragaNi kA kahanA hai ki naMdIsUtra meM 'jANai na pAsai' honA caahie| kyoMki zrutajJAnI jAnatA hai, lekina dekhatA nahIM hai| Agama ke anusAra zrutajJAna ke viSaya meM prayukta pAsai kriyA kI siddhi pazyattA ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM zrutajJAna ke svarUpa meM antara - prastuta adhyAya ko adhyayana karane para zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM zrutajJAna ke svarUpa meM antara pratIta hue jo nimna prakAra se haiM - 1. Avazyakaniyukti meM zrutajJAnAvaraNa kI asaMkhyAta prakRtiyA~ batAI hai| jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama meM zrutajJAnAvaraNa kI saMkhyAta prakRtiyA~ batAI haiN| 2. Avazyakaniyukti kI paraMparA meM akSara-anakSara, saMjJI-asaMjJI Adi caudaha bhedoM kA varNana hai jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama kI paramparA meM pramANa kI apekSA paryAya Adi bIsa bhedoM kA ullekha milatA hai| 3. zvetAmbara paramparA meM garbhaja tiryaMcoM ko saMjJI tathA sammUrchima tiryaMca ko asaMjJI mAnA gayA hai jabaki digambara paramparA meM garbhaja-tiryaMcoM ko saMjJI nahIM mAnakara saMjJI aura asaMjJI mAnA hai| isI prakAra sammUrchima tiryaMca ko kevala asaMjJI nahIM mAnakara saMjJI-asaMjJI ubhaya rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| 4. zvetAmbara paramparA meM dIrghakAlopadezikI Adi saMjJA ke tIna bheda digambara paramparA ke pramukha graMthoM meM dRSTigocara nahIM hote haiN| 5. zvetAmbara paramparA meM aMgabAhya ke tattvArthasUtra meM teraha tathA naMdIsUtra meM adhika bhedoM kA ullekha hai| jabaki digambara paramparA meM aMgabAhya ke caudaha bhedoM kA hI ullekha prApta hotA hai| 6. zabdaliMgaja aura arthaliMgaja zrutajJAna ke ina do bhedoM kA ullekha digambara paramparA meM prApta hotA hai, zvetAmbara paramparA meM nhiiN| 7. zvetAmbara paramparA meM nirvRttyakSara aura saMsthAna ke prabhedoM kA spaSTa ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai, lekina ghavalA TIkA meM inake prabhedoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai|

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paMcama adhyAya vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM avadhijJAna bhAratIya dArzanikoM aura pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne apane granthoM meM atIndriyajJAna kI carcA kI hai| sAmAnyatayA loga kisI jyotiSI, mantra-tantra yA kisI deva-devI ke upAsaka se bhUta, bhaviSya evaM vartamAna Adi kI ghaTanAoM ke bAre meM sunakara Azcaryacakita ho jAte haiM tathA use camatkAra mAnakara usakA anugamana karane laga jAte haiM aura kabhI-kabhI to sthiti yahA~ taka pahu~ca jAtI hai ve apanI dhana-sampatti Adi kA bhArI nukasAna kara lete haiN| yaha saba unake ajJAna ke kAraNa hotA hai ki ve una vyaktiyoM ke jJAna ko atIndriya jJAna samajha lete haiN| vastutaH unakA jJAna atIndriya nahIM hotA, vaha indriya evaM mana se hone vAle matijJAna kA hI eka vizeSa prakAra hai / pUrvajanma kI bItI bAtoM ko yAda karane vAle jAtismaraNa ko bhI loga atIndriya avadhijJAna mAna lete haiM, lekina vAstava meM vaha matijJAna kA hI eka vizeSa bheda hai| atIndriya jJAna ke tIna bheda hote haiM avadhijJAna, manaH paryavajJAna aura kevljnyaan| isameM se aMtima do saMyamI jIva ko hote haiM tathA avadhijJAna saMyamI aura asaMyamI sabhI jIvoM ko ho sakatA hai / ataH atIndriya avadhijJAna kA vAstavika svarUpa kyA hai ? avadhijJAna ke kitane prakAra haiM? yaha kaise utpanna hotA hai ? kyA yaha utpanna hone ke bAda naSTa ho sakatA hai? yA ghaTatA-bar3hatA rahatA hai / kauna-kauna se jIvoM ko avadhijJAna ho sakatA hai ? ityAdi praznoM ke samAdhAna ke lie avadhijJAna kA adhyAya meM vistAra se varNana kiyA jaaegaa| avadhijJAna sIdhA AtmA se hone vAlA jJAna hai| isameM indriya evaM mana ke sahayoga kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai, isIlie yaha pratyakSa jJAna hai / tattvArthasUtra meM indriya evaM mana se hone vAle matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna ko parokSa kI zreNI meM rakhA gayA hai tathA jo jJAna sIdhA AtmA ke dvArA hotA hai use pratyakSa jJAna kahA hai- 'AtmamAtrasApekSaM pratyakSam ' / avadhijJAna kA ullekha sthAnAMgasUtra, vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, prajJApanAsUtra Adi AgamoM meM milatA hai, kiMtu vahAM para isake svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai / kintu naMdIsUtra meM pratyakSa jJAna ke bhedoM meM avadhijJAna ko sthAna diyA gayA hai / isI se jJAta hotA hai ki avadhijJAna sIdhA AtmA se hone vAlA jJAna hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM bhI pAMca jJAnoM ko pratyakSa aura parokSa meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| mati aura zruta ina do parokSa jJAnoM kA kathana kiyA jA cukA hai, aba pratyakSa jJAna meM prathama avadhijJAna kA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai / ' 'avadhi' zabda kA prAkRta- arddhamAgadhI rUpa 'ohi' hai| avadhijJAna ke lie prAkRta meM 'ohiNANa' zabda kA prayoga hotA hai / avadhijJAna meM indriya aura mana kI apekSA nahIM hotI tathA AtmA isa jJAna ke dvArA rUpI padArthoM ko jAnatA hai / isalie ise pratyakSa kahate haiM, lekina sabhI padArthoM ko nahIM jAna pAne ke kAraNa yaha deza pratyakSa hai| 'avadhi' zabda ' ava' aura 'dhi' se milakara banA hai| isameM 'ava' upasarga hai jisake aneka artha hote haiN| yahA~ 'ava' upasarga kA artha nIce-nIce, 'dhi' kA artha jAnanA / pUjyapAda, 1. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 567

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana malayagiri Adi AcAryoM ne 'ava' upasarga kA artha adhaH (nIce) kiyA hai| akalaMka ne isako spaSTa kiyA hai ki avadhi kA viSaya nIce kI ora bahuta pramANa meM hotA hai| malayagiri ke anusAra 'adho vistRtaM vastu paricchidyate anena iti'' arthAt nIce (adho) ko vistRta rUpa se jo jAnatA hai vaha avadhi jJAna hai| yahA~ kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki avadhijJAnI adholoka ke rUpI padArthoM ko adhika jAnatA hai, sAtha hI tiryak loka aura Urdhvaloka ke sAre rUpI padArthoM kA bhI jAnatA hai| umAsvAti, pUjyapAda, jinabhadragaNi, haribhadra, malayagiri Adi AcAryoM ke anusAra avadhi zabda kA dUsarA artha maryAdA bhI hai| avidhajJAna kI maryAdA (sImA) hai ki isase mAtra rUpI padArthoM ko hI jAnA jAtA hai, pUjyapAda kahate haiM ki rUpI kA artha pudgala dravya ke sAtha saMbaMdhita jIva samajhanA hai| avadhijJAna ke dvArA arUpI padArthoM ko nahIM jAnA jAtA hai yahI usakI maryAdA hai| isakA ullekha jinabhadragaNi Adi AcAryoM ne kiyA hai| ___ yahAM sahaja hI jijJAsA utpanna hotI hai ki jaba mati Adi cAroM jJAna hI maryAdA vAle haiM to avadhijJAna ko hI avadhi arthAt maryAdA vAlA jJAna kyoM kahate haiM? isa prazna kA uttara akalaMka isa prakAra dete haiM ki jaise gatizIla sabhI padArtha go Adi haiM, lekina go zabda gAya ke lie hI rUr3ha ho gayA hai vaise hI mati Adi cAra jJAnoM meM isa jJAna ke lie hI avadhi zabda rUr3ha ho gayA hai|' vIrasenAcArya ke anusAra avadhi taka cAroM jJAna maryAdita haiM, paraMtu avadhi ke bAda kevalajJAna amaryAdita hai, aisA batAne ke lie avadhi zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| dhavalA TIkAkAra vIrasenAcArya ne yahA~ para avadhi ko cauthe jJAna ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA hai| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki katipaya prAcIna AcAryoM ne matijJAna, zrutajJAna, mana:paryavajJAna ke bAda avadhijJAna ko rakhA hogA, lekina aba yaha mata prAya: kisI bhI grantha meM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| sabhI AcArya matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryavajJAna aura kevalajJAna ke krama meM hI ullekha karate haiN| dhavalA TIkAkAra ne avadhi kA eka artha AtmA bhI kiyA hai|" upAdhyAya yazovijaya ne pUrvAcAryoM ke bhAvoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue avadhi kA lakSaNa isa prakAra se kiyA hai ki sakala rUpI dravyoM kA jAnane vAlA aura sirpha AtmA se utpanna hone vAlA jJAna avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai|12 ___ uparyukta varNana kA sAra yaha hai ki avadhi zabda ke donoM artha - nIce aura maryAdA lenA adhika ucita haiN| 2. sarvArthasiddhi 1.9, hArIbhadrIya naMdIvRtti, pR. 8, malayagiri naMdIvRtti, pR. 65, dhavalA pu. 9, sUtra. 4.1.2, pR.13 3. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.9.2 4. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 65 5. rUpiSvavadheH / tattvArtha sUtra 1.28, sarvArthasiddhi 1.27, naMdIcUrNi pR.11,12 6. (a) avadhAnaM vA avadhi maryAdA ityrthH| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 82, (b)........vissypricchednmityrthH| - hAribhadrIya naMdIvRtti pR. 8, (sa) yadvA avadhAnam Atmano'rtha sAkSAtkAraNavyApAro'vadhiH / -malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 65 7. sarvArthasiddhi, 1.27 8. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 82, sarvArthasiddha 1.9, tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.9.3, dhavalA pu. 9, sUtra 4.1.2, malayagiri naMdIvRtti, pR. 65 9. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1.9.3 10. ohiNANAdo heTThimasavvaNANANi sAvahiyANi, uvarima kevalaNANaM Niravahiyamidi jANA vaNa? mehivavahAro kdo| - SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA), pu. 1, sUtra 4.1.2 pR. 13 11. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA), pu. 1, sUtra 4.1.2, pR. 12 12. sakalarUpidravyaviSayakajAtIyam AtmamAtrApekSaM jnyaanmvdhijnyaanm| - jainatarkabhASA, pR. 24

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [301] avadhijJAna kI paribhASA zvetAmbara AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM jinabhadragaNi (saptama zatI) ke anusAra - jo avadhAna se jAnatA hai, vaha avadhijJAna hai| aMgula ke asaMkhyeya bhAga kSetra ko jAnane vAlA avadhijJAnI AvalikA ke asaMkhyeya bhAga taka jAnatA hai| isa prakAra jo paraspara niyamita dravya, kSetra, kAla Adi ko jAnatA hai, vaha avadhijJAna hai| jinadAsagaNi (saptama zatI) kahate haiM ki jo maryAdita hai vaha avadhi hai, usase jo avadhAna (maryAdita) kiyA jAtA hai athavA usameM jo avadhAna kiyA jAtA hai, vaha avadhi hai| avadhi maryAdA artha meM prayukta huA hai| athavA paramparA kAraNa rUpa se dravyAdi se avadhAna kiyA jAtA hai, vaha avadhi hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ne bhI sarvArthasiddhi meM avadhijJAna kA yahI svarUpa batAyA hai| vAdidevasUri (dvAdaza zatI) ne kahA hai ki avadhijJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se utpanna hone vAlA bhavapratyaya aura guNapratyaya, rUpI dravyoM ko jAnane vAlA jJAna avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai| maladhArI hemacandra (dvAdaza zatI) ne bRhadvRtti meM kahA hai ki mana aura indriya kI sahAyatA ke binA sAkSAt AtmA se jo artha ko jAnatA hai vaha avadhi hai, vaha avadhi maryAdA rUpa hai| 'avadhi' meM 'ava' zabda avyaya hone se aneka arthavAcI hai| yahA~ 'ava' 'adhaH-adhaH' ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai, jisakA artha hai ki jo jJAna nIce-nIce vistAra se rUpI vastu ko jAnatA hai vaha avadhi hai athavA 'ava' avyaya ko maryAdA vAcaka ke rUpa meM prayukta karate haiM to artha ke anusAra itane kSetra meM, itane dravyoM ko, itane kAla taka jAnane yogya dravyoM ko jAnatA hai aura itanA kAla, itanA dravya jAnatA hai, isa prakAra maryAdA pUrvaka rUpI vastu ko jAnane vAlA jJAna athavA jo jJAna svayaM AtmA se rUpI vastuoM ko sAkSAt jAnatA hai vaha avadhijJAna hai| malayagiri (trayodaza zatI) bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai|" ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja ke anusAra - vIryAntarAya ke kSayopazama sahakRta avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama se utpanna hokara jo rUpa, rasa, gandha evaM sparza guNa vAle pudgala dravya ko spaSTa jAnatA hai, vaha avadhijJAna hai| naMdIsUtra kI TIkA meM bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai| kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA kA abhimata hai ki ekAgra va zAnta citta se aMtarmukhI ho kara AtmapradezoM se rUpI padArthoM kA anubhava karanA avadhi darzana aura unheM jAnanA avadhijJAna hai| digambara AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM pUjyapAda (paMcama-SaSTha zatI) ke mantavyAnusAra - adhikatara nIce ke viSaya ko jAnane vAlA hone se yA parimita viSaya vAlA hone se avadhi kahalAtA hai| 13. teNAvahIyae tammi vA'vahANaM tao'vahI so y| majjAyA jaMtIe davvAi paropparaM mnni|-vishessaavshykbhaassy gAthA 82 14. avadhIyate ityavadhiH, teNa vA'vadhIyate tamhi vA'vadhIyate avadhANaM vA'vadhiH maryAdetyarthaH, tAe paraMpparopaNibaMdhaNAto davvAdato avadhIyate ityvdhiH| - naMdIcUrNi pR. 20 15. avadhijJAnAvaraNavilayavizeSasamudbhavaM bhavaguNapratyayaM ruupidrvygocr-mvdhijnyaanm| -pramANanayatattvaloka, adhyAya 2, sUtra 21 15. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 82 bRhadvRtti kA bhAvArtha 17. ava zabdo'dha: zabdArthaH / ava-adho'dho vistRtaM vastu dhIyate-paricchidyate'nenetyavadhiH / avadhirmaryAdA rUpiSveva dravyeSu paricchedakatayA pravRttirUpA tadupalakSitaM jJAnamapyavadhiH / avdhaanm-aatmnorthsaakssaatkrnnvyaapaaro'vdhiH|-mlygiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 65 18. tatra vIryAntarAya kSayopazama-sahakRtAdavadhijJAnAvaraNa-kSayopazamAjjAtaM rUpidravyaviSayaM bhvgunnprtyymvdhijnyaanm| - nyAyaratnasAra, adhyAya 2 sUtra. 14 pR. 34 19. dravyANi mUrtimantyeva, viSayo yasya sarvataH niyatyarahitaM jJAnaM, tatsyAdavadhilakSaNam / ghAsIlAla mahArAja, naMdIsUtra, pR.15-17 20. bandha tattva, pR. 23 21. avAgdhAnAdavacchinnaviSayAdvA avadhiH / - sarvArthasiddhi, pR. 67

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[302] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana akalaMka (aSTama zatI) ne kahA hai ki 'ava' pUrvaka 'dhA' dhAtu se avadhi zabda banatA hai| 'ava' zabda 'adha' vAcI hai jaise adhaH kSepaNa ko avakSepaNa kahate haiM, avadhijJAna bhI nIce kI ora bahuta padArthoM ko viSaya karatA hai athavA avadhi zabda maryAdArthaka hai arthAt dravya kSetrAdi kI maryAdA se sImita jJAna avadhi jJAna hai yadyapi kevalajJAna ke sivAya sabhI jJAna sImita haiM phira bhI rUr3hivaza avadhijJAna ko hI sImita jJAna kahate haiM jaise gatizIla sabhI padArtha haiM phira bhI gAya ko rUr3hivaza gau (gacchatIti gauH) kahA jAtA hai| yahI paribhASA paMcasaMgraha aura gommaTasAra meM bhI milatI hai|" vIrasenAcArya (navama zatI) ne SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalATIkA meM avadhijJAna kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA hai ki nIce gaurava dharmavAlA hone se, pudgala kI avAg saMjJA hai, use jo dhAraNa karatA hai arthAt jAnatA hai, vaha avadhi hai aura avadhi rUpa hI jJAna avadhijJAna hai athavA avadhi kA artha maryAdA hai, avadhi ke sAtha vidyamAna jJAna avadhijJAna hai| yaha avadhijJAna mUrta padArtha ko hI jAnatA hai kyoMki rUpiSvadhe: 25 aisA sUtra vacana hai / " dhavalA pustaka 6 meM bhI yahI paribhASA dete hue kahA hai ki dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA viSaya saMbaMdhI maryAdA ke jJAna ko avadhi kahate haiM avadhijJAna ke isa svarUpa kI puSTi kaSAyapAhuDa, tattvArtharAjavArtika, dhavalA pustaka eka aura karmaprakRti" meM bhI lagabhaga avadhijJAna kA aisA hI svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 9, sUtra 4.1.3 ke anusAra avadhijJAna meM rUpI kA artha pudgala nahIM samajhanA cAhie balki karma va zarIra meM baddha jIva dravya aura saMyogI bhAva bhI samajhanA caahie| kasAyapAhuDa kI jayadhavalA TIkA ke anusAra mahAskaMdha se lekara paramANu paryaMta samasta pugala dravyoM ko, asaMkhyAta lokapramANa kSetra, kAla aura bhAvoM ko tathA karma ke saMbaMdha se pula bhAva ko prApta hue jIvoM ko pratyakSa rUpa se jAnatA hai, vaha avadhi jJAna hai " AcArya nemicandra (ekAdaza zatI) kA abhimata hai ki viziSTa avadhijJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se mana ke sAnidhya meM jo sUkSma pugaloM ko jAnatA hai, sva aura para ke pUrva janmAMtaroM ko tathA bhaviSya ke janmAMtaroM ko jAnatA hai vaha avadhijJAna hai| uparyukta varNana ke anusAra donoM paramparAoM ke AcAryoM ne avadhijJAna ko lagabhaga samAna rUpa se avadhi meM prayukta 'ava' avyaya kA artha 'nIce' aura maryAdA karate hue donoM prakAra se avadhijJAna ko paribhASita kiyA hai| 22. tattvArtharAjavArtika ( hindIsAra sahita ), pR. 293 23. avahIyAdi tti ohI sImANANetita vaNNiyaM samae / paMcasaMgraha, gAthA 123, pR. 26-27 24. gommaTasAra ( jIvakAMDa), bhAga 2, pR. 617-618 25. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 1.27 26. avaagdhaanaadvdhiH| athavA gauravadharmatvAt pudgalaH avAGnAma, taM dadhAti paricchinattIti avadhiH / avadhireva jJAnamavadhijJAnam / athavA avadhiH maryAdA avadhinA saha vartamAnaM jJAnabhavadhijJAnam idamavadhijJAnaM mUrtasyaiva vastunaH paricchedakam rUpiSvavadhe iti vacanAt / SaTkhaMDAgama, pustaka 13, pR. 210 211 27. avAgdhAnAdavadhiH avadhizca sa jJAnaM ca tat avadhijJAnam / athavA avadhi maryAdA avadherjJAnamavadhijJAnam / 28. kaSAyapAhuDa (jayadhavala / mahAdhavala) prathama bhAga, pR. 13 30. ohiNANaM NAma davvakkhettakAla bhAva viyappiyaM poggaladavvaM paccakkhaM jANAdi / SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA), pustaka 6, pR. 25 29. tattvArtharAjavArtika, pR. 319 SaTkhaNDAgama, pustaka 1, pR. 93 evaM sAkSAnmUrtazeSapadArthaparicchedakamavadhijJAnam, pR. 358 31. abhayacandrasiddhAnta cakravartIkRta, karmaprakRti, pR. 18 32. kasAyapAhuDa (jayadhavalA), pR. 38-39 33. viziSTAvadhijJAnAvaraNakSayopazamAt manaso'vaSTaMbhena yatsUkSmAn pudgalAn paricchinatti svaparayozca pUrvajanmAntarANi jAnAti, bhaviSyajanmAntarANi ca tadavadhijJAnam / dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 5 kI TIkA naM. 12 -

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [303] avadhijJAna ke prakAra prajJApanAsUtra umAsvAti naMdIsUtra pUjyapAda akalaMka amRtacandra paMcasaMgraha yogIndudeva Adi AcAryoM aura graMthoM meM avadhijJAna ke mukhya rUpa se do bheda kie haiM -1. bhavapratyaya, 2. kssaayopshmik| bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna devatA aura nArakI ko evaM kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna manuSya aura tiryaMca ko hotA hai| _AcArya bhUtabali,42 AcArya guNadhara,43 AcArya puSpadaMta, AcArya nemicandra,45 AcArya vAdidevasUri46 Adi AcAryoM ne mukhya rUpa se avadhijJAna ke do bheda kie haiM - bhavapratyaya aura guNapratyaya evaM unake svAmiyoM kA kathana uparyuktAnusAra kiyA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki uparyukta varNana ke AdhAra para avadhijJAna ke tIna bheda prApta hote haiM- 1. bhavapratyaya, 2. kSAyopazamika aura 3. gunnprtyy| ata: AcAryoM ko mukhya rUpa se avadhijJAna ke tIna bhedoM kA ullekha karanA cAhie thA, lekina sabhI AcAryoM ne do hI bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| aisI zaMkA karanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki uparyukta AgamoM aura graMthoM meM varNita kSAyopazamika aura guNapratyaya avadhijJAna eka hI prakAra kA haiN| yaha AcAryoM kI mAtra kathanazailI hai, inake lakSaNa meM kisI bhI prakAra kA bheda nahIM hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu,47 aura AcArya puSpadaMta ke anusAra avadhijJAna ke asaMkhya prakAra haiN| jinabhadra ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki viSayabhUta kSetra aura kAla kI apekSA se avadhijJAna ke sabhI bheda milAkara saMkhyAtIta (asaMkhyAta) haiM aura dravya aura bhAva kI apekSA se avadhijJAna ke anaMta bheda hote haiN|' avadhijJAna ke jJeyapane ke niyama se jitanA avadhijJAna kA viSayabhUta utkRSTa kSetra, pradeza aura utkRSTa kAla ke samaya ke pariNAma hai, itanA hI avadhijJAna ke bhedoM kA pariNAma hai| avadhijJAna ke anaMta bheda haiM unameM se kucha bheda to bhavapratyayika aura kucha bheda kSAyopazamikapratyayika haiN| isalie mukhya rUpa se avadhijJAna ke do hI bheda haiN| ina do bhedoM ko samagra jaina paramparA svIkAra karatI hai| bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna kA svarUpa vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra-jisa prakAra pakSiyoM dvArA AkAza meM ur3ane kI zakti meM bhava (janma) kAraNa hai usI prakAra se nArakI aura devatA meM avadhijJAna kA hetu bhava (janma) hai, isalie isa avadhijJAna ko bhavapratyayika avadhijJAna kahate haiN|2 34. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, pR. 183 35. paM. sukhalAlajI, tatvArthasUtra, pR. 38 36. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, pR. 29 37. sarvArthasiddhi, pR.90 38. tattvArtharAjavArtika, pR. 293 39. tattvArthasAra, pR.12 40. paMcasaMgraha, pR.27 41. tattvArthavRtti, pR.25 42. mahAbaMdha, pu. 1 pR. 24 43. kASAyapAhuDa, pR.15 44. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA), pu.13 sUtra. 5.5.52 pR. 290 45. gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa bhAga 2, pR.618 46. pramANanayatattvaloka, 2.21, pR. 22-23 47. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 25 48. SaTakhaNDAgama, pu. 13 sUtra 5-5-52 pR. 289 49. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 568 50. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 570-571 51. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 24, SaTakhaNDAgama, pu. 13 sUtra 5.5.43, tattvArthasUtra, sUtra 1.21 52. bhavo nArakAdijanma sa pakSiNAM gaganotpatanalabdhirivotpattau pratyayaH kAraNaM yAsAM tA bhavapratyayAH / tAzca naarkaa'mraannaamev| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 568 kI bRhavRtti, pR. 260

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[304] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana bhava arthAt Ayu aura nAmakarma ke udaya kA nimitta pAkara jIva kI jo paryAya hotI hai use bhava kahate haiN| bhava ke nimitta se avadhijJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama hone se jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai use bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna kahate haiM kyoMki kamoM ke udaya se dravyAdi cAroM meM prabhAva to hotA hI hai| aisA hI ullekha puSpadaMta,4 akalaMka aura malayigiri Adi AcAryo ne bhI kiyA hai| bhavapratyaya meM prayukta pratyaya zabda zapatha, jJAna, heta. vizvAsa, nizcaya Adi arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai| yahA~ pratyaya zabda 'kAraNa' (nimitta) artha meM prayukta huA hai|" vizeSAvazyakabhASya, naMdIsUtra, SaTkhaNDAgama aura tattvArthasUtra Adi granthoM ke anusAra bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna devatA aura nArakI meM hI hotA hai| malayagiri ne deva aura nAraka kI vyutpatti dI hai| deva aura nAraka meM bhI jo samyagdRSTi hote haiM unako hI bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna hotA hai| mithyAdRSTi deva aura nAraka ko vibhaMgajJAna hotA hai| dhavalATIkAkAra ne yahA~ deva, nArakI ke paryApta bhava kA hI grahaNa kiyA hai| avadhijJAna kSAyopazamika bhAva aura narakAdi bhava audayika bhAva hai| paraspara viruddha hone se narakAdi bhava avadhijJAna kA hetu kaise ho sakatA hai? vAstava meM to nArakI aura devatA ke bhI avadhijJAna kSayopazama ke nimitta se hotA hai, paraMtu nArakI aura deva ke bhava meM avadhijJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama niyama se hotA hai, isalie nArakI aura devatA ke avadhijJAna ko bhavapratyayika avadhijJAna kahate haiN| isalie bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna meM bhI kSayopazama mukhya kAraNa hai| akalaMka ne bhavapratyaya meM bhava ko bAhya kAraNa svIkAra kiyA hai| 2 jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna meM kSayopazama aMtaraMga kAraNa hote hue bhI isa jJAna ko bhavapratyaya isalie kahA hai jaise pakSiyoM meM janma se hI AkAza meM ur3ane kI zakti hotI hai vaise hI deva aura nArakI ke bhava meM avadhijJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama sahaja hI ho jAtA hai| aisA hI ullekha jinadAsagaNi, haribhadrasUri, aura malayagiri ne bhI kiyA hai| pratyeka jIva kA koI na koI vaiziSTya hotA hai| manuSya sabhI jIvoM meM zreSTha hote hue bhI sArI zaktiyA~ usake pAsa nahIM hotI haiN| jaise pakSI meM ur3ane kI zakti, kutte meM sUMghane kI zakti, ullU meM aMdhere meM dekhane kI zakti hotI hai| tiryaca nAmakarma ke udaya se vIrya kA itanA kSayopazama ho jAtA hai ki gAya kA bachar3A usI dina calane lagatA hai, jabaki manuSya inase zreSTha hai, phira bhI manuSya gati meM itanA kSayopazama nahIM hotA hai| isI prakAra 53. bhavaH pratyayo'sya bhavapratyayo'vadhidevanArakANAM veditavyaH / sarvArthasiddhi, pR. 89 54. SaTkhaNDAgama, pustaka 13, sUtra 5.5.52 ___55. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.21.2 56. bhava eva pratyayaH kAraNaM yasya tadbhava prtyyN| - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 76 57. pratyayaH kAraNaM nimittmitynrthaantrm| - sarvArthasiddhi 1.21 pR.89 58. tatra divyanti nirUpamakrIDAmanubhavantIti devaaH| narAn kAyanti zabdayanti yogyatAyA anatikrameNAkArayanti jantUn svasthAne iti nrkaaH| - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 77 59. devanArakANAm ityavizeSAbhidhAne'pi samyagdRSTInAmeya grhnnm| kutaH / avdhigrhnnaat| mithyAdRSTInAM ca vibhaMga ityucyte| - sarvArthasiddhi sUtra 1.21 pR. 89 60. ohiNANuppattIe chahi pajjattIhi pjjttydbhvgghnnaado| - SaTkhaNDAgama, pR.13, sUtra 5.5.43, pR. 290 61. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 572-574 62. tasmAttatra bhava eva baahysaadhnmityuccte| tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.21.4 63. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 569, 571 64. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 25, hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 25 65. kevalaM sa kSayopazamo devanArakabhaveSvavazyaMbhAvI, pakSiNo gamanAgamanalabdhiriva tato bhavapratyayamiti vypdishyte| - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti pR. 77

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [305] nArakI aura deva gati ke jIvoM ko avadhijJAna kI prApti hotI hai| bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna meM bhI kSayopazama to hotA hI hai| yadi aisA na ho to sabhI deva aura nArakoM ke avadhijJAna meM vibhinnatA kyoM hotI hai? isase spaSTa hotA hai ki bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna bhI kSayopazama ke anusAra hI hotA hai| AcArya vidyAnandA ke anusAra bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna kI prApti ke lie bhava aura kSayopazama ye jo do kAraNa batAye haiM, ve yuktisaMgata haiM, kyoMki kSayopazama ko svIkAra karane para hI nArakI, devatA meM jo kama-jyAdA avadhi hotA hai, usakI saMgati baitthegii| yadi aisA svIkAra nahIM kareMge to nArakI aura devatA meM eka samAna avadhijJAna honA cAhie thA, lekina nahIM hotA hai| tathA ina donoM kAraNoM ke bIca meM koI virodha nahIM hai, kyoMki eka bAhya kAraNa hai aura dUsarA AbhyaMtara kAraNa hai| sArAMza rUpa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki karmoM kA jo kSaya, kSayopazama aura upazama hotA hai vaha dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAva rUpa pAMca prakAra kA hotA hai| isalie nArakI aura devatA ke bhava kA nimitta milane para jIva ke avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karma kA avazya kSayopazama hotA hai aura bhava ke nimitta se hI kSayopazama hotA hai isalie ise bhavapratyayika avadhijJAna kahate haiN| prazna - manuSya gati meM bhI tIrthaMkaroM ko bhava (janma) ke sAtha hI avadhijJAna hotA hai to use bhI bhavapratyayaka avidhajJAna kahanA cAhie? uttara - tIrthaMkara bhava nAma kA alaga bhava nahIM hai| vaha manuSya gati meM hI zAmila hai| yadi sabhI manuSyoM ko hotA to bhavapratyaya khlaataa| athavA isakA dUsarA kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki aise jIvoM (tIrthaMkaroM) kI saMkhyA alpa hone se use yahA~ ullekhita nahIM kiyA ho| prazna - kyA manuSya meM kevala tIrthaMkara hI avadhijJAna sAtha meM lAte haiM anya manuSya nahIM? uttara - tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ke sivAya koI dUsarA manuSya avadhijJAna sAtha le kara garbha meM A sakatA hai, kyoMki bhagavatI, prajJApanA, jIvAjIvAbhigama Adi sUtroM meM avadhijJAna kI kAyasthiti utkRSTa 66 sAgaropama jhAjherI batAI hai| yaha kAyasthiti tIrthaMkara ke atirikta dUsare manuSya parabhava se avadhijJAna sAtha le kara Ave, tabhI lAgU ho sakatI hai, tIrthaMkara kI apekSA nhiiN| kyoMki vijayAdi anuttara-vimAna ke do bhava athavA bArahaveM devaloka yA prathama graiveyaka ke tIna bhava kare, tabhI yaha sthiti ghaTita ho sakatI hai| aise do yA tIna bhava sAmAnya manuSya hI karate haiM, tIrthaMkara bhagavAn to mokSa padhAra jAte haiN| isalie unakI apekSA utkRSTa sthiti nahIM hotii| bhagavatI sUtra za. 13 u. 1 va 2 meM naraka aura devoM se saMkhyAta avadhijJAnI jIvoM kA AnA batAyA hai| isase bhI uparyukta bAta siddha hotI hai ki tIrthaMkara ke sivAya dUsare manuSya bhI parabhava se avadhijJAna lekara A sakate haiN| tIrthaMkara kA avadhijJAna cAritra prApti ke pUrva bhI apratipAtI hotA hai| guNapratyaya (kSAyopazamikapratyaya) avadhijJAna kA svarUpa vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra tapa Adi vizeSa guNoM ke pariNAma se utpanna huA avadhijJAna kSayopazama pratyayika kahalAtA hai| yaha jJAna saMjJI tiryaMca paMcendriya aura manuSya meM hotA hai|' naMdIsUtra ke mUla pATha meM AyA hai 'ko heU khAovasamiyaM?' arthAt kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna kA hetu kyA hai? isakA uttara dete hue guru kahate haiM ki avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karma ke udayagata karmadalikoM kA kSaya hone se tathA anudita karmadalikoM kA upazama hone se jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai vaha kSAyopazamika 66. pratyayasyAntarasyAtastatkSayopazamAtmanaH / pratyagbhedo'vadheryukto bhavAbhede'pi caangniaam|-tttvaarthshvolkvaartik, sU. 1.21, pR. 244 67. tapaHprabhRtiguNapariNAmAvirbhUtakSayopazamapratyayA ityarthaH etAzca tiryngmnussyaannaamiti| -vizeSAvazyakabhASyagAthA 568 kI bRhavRtti, pR.260

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[306] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai arthAt avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karma ke udayAvalikA meM praviSTa aMza kA vedana hokara pRthak ho jAnA kSaya hai aura jo udayAvasthA ko prApta nahIM hai, usake vipAkodaya ko dUra kara denA (sthagita kara denA) upazama kahalAtA hai| jisa avadhijJAna kA kSayopazama hI mukhya kAraNa ho, vaha kSayopazama pratyaya yA kSAyopazamika-pratyaya yA kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai| avadhijJAnAvaraNIyakarma ke dezaghAtI spardhakoM kA udaya rahate hue sarvaghAti spardhakoM kA udayAbhAvI kSaya aura anudaya prApta inhIM kA sadavasthArUpa upazama, ina donoM ke nimitta se jo hotA hai, vaha kSayopazama nimittaka avadhijJAna hai| pUjyapAda aura akalaMka ke anusAra manuSyoM aura tiryaMcoM meM avadhijJAna kI prApti meM kSayopazama hI nimitta bhUta hai bhava nahIM, isalie ise kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna kahate haiN| samyaktva se adhiSThita aNuvrata aura mahAvrata guNa jisa avadhijJAna ke kAraNa haiM vaha guNapratyaya avadhijJAna hai|' guNapratyaya avadhijJAna zaMkha Adi cihnoM se utpanna hotA hai arthAt nAbhi ke Upara zaMkha, padma, vajra, svAstika, maccha, kalaza Adi zubha cihnoM se yukta Atma pradezoM meM sthita avadhijJAnAvaraNa aura vIryAtarAya kamoM ke kSayopazama se utpanna hotA hai| guNapratyaya avadhijJAna asaMyamI samyagdRSTi ke samyagdarzana guNa ke nimitta se aura saMyatAsaMyata ke saMyamAsaMyama (deza saMyama) guNapUrvaka tathA saMyata ke saMyama guNa ke hone se hotA hai|' 'kSayopazama' zabda 'kSaya' aura 'upazama' se banA hai| kSaya kA artha hai jo karma udayAvalikA meM praviSTa ho gaye haiM, unakA kSaya arthAt nAza aura upazama kA artha - jo karma udaya meM nahIM Aye haiM unakA upshm| ___haribhadrasUri ke anusAra upazama kA artha udaya kA nirodha hai| malayagiri ke anusAra jo karma udayAvalikA meM praviSTa nahIM hue haiM aise karmoM ke vipAkodaya kA viSkaMbha karanA (rokanA) upazama kahalAtA hai| kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna ko guNapratyaya avadhijJAna bhI kahate haiN| guNapratyaya avadhijJAna manuSyoM aura tiryaMca paMcendriyoM ke hotA hai| isameM avadhijJAna kI niyamA nahIM hai, kyoMki ina donoM meM bhava kAraNa nahIM hotA hai, balki jina manuSyoM aura tiryaMca paMcendriyoM ke avadhijJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama hotA hai, unhIM ke isa prakAra kA avadhijJAna hotA hai| isalie naMdIcUrNikAra ne kSayopazama ke do artha kie haiM - guNa ke binA hone vAlA aura guNa kI pratipatti se hone vAlA kSayopazama / ' guNa ke binA hone vAle kSayopazama se utpanna avadhijJAna ke lie cUrNikAra ne dRSTAMta diyA ki AkAza bAdaloM se DhakA ho, lekina havA Adi se bIca meM eka chidra ho gayA, usa chidra meM se sahaja rUpa se sUrya kI 68. khAovasamiyaM tayAvaraNijjANaM kammANaM udiNNANaM uvasameNaM ohiNANaM smuppjjti| - naMdIsUtra, pR. 30 69. AtmagaNa kA AcchAdana karane vAlI karma kI zakti kA nAma spardhaka hai athavA spardhaka arthAt jo gavAkSa jAla Adi se bAhara nikalane vAlI dIpaka prabhA ke samAna niyata viccheda vizeSa rUpa haiN| spardhaka do prakAra ke hote haiM- dezaghAtI aura srvghaatii| AtmA ke guNoM ko eka deza se Avarita karane vAle karmadalika dezaghAtI spardhaka aura AtmA ke sarvaguNoM ko AcchAdita karane vAle karmadalika sarvaghAtI spardhaka kahalAte haiN| 70. sarvArthasiddhi, sUtra 1.22, pR. 90, tattvArthavRtti pR. 356 71. sarvArthasiddhi, 1.22 pR. 90 72. kSayopazamanimitta eva na bhvnimitt| - tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.22.3 73. SaTkhaNDAgama, pR.13 sUtra 5.5.53, pR. 290-291 74. gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa bhAga 2 pR. 618 75. pramANaparIkSA, prastAvanA pR. 73 76. upazamena udynirodhen| - hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR.26 77. anudIrNAnAm udyaavlikaampraaptaanaamupshmen-vipaakodyvisskmbhlkssnn| - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 77 78. so ya khayovasamo guNamaMtareNa guNapaDivattito vA bhavati - naMdIcUrNi pR.25

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paMcama adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [307] kiraNeM nikalatI haiM aura usase dravya ( vastu) prakAzita hotA hai" vaise hI avadhijJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama hone se sahaja hI avadhijJAna kI prApti hotI hai, vaha guNa ke binA hone vAlA kSayopazama hai| kSayopazama kA dUsarA artha hai guNa kI pratipatti se hone vaalaa| kSayopazama arthAt uttarottara cAritra guNa kI vizuddhi hone se avadhijJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama hone se jo avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai vaha guNa pratipanna avadhijJAna hai / yahA~ guNa zabda cAritra kA dyotaka hai arthAt guNapratyaya avadhijJAna ke lie mUlaguNa kAraNabhUta hai, isakA samarthana jinabhadragaNi haribhadra 2 malayagiri dhavalATIkA 84 ne kiyA hai / mUlaguNa paryApta manuSya aura tiryaMca ke hI hote haiM, aparyApta manuSya aura tiryaMca ke nahIM 15 uparyukta varNana se spaSTa hotA hai ki guNapratyaya avadhijJAna meM guNa zabda samyaktva se yukta aNuvrata aura mahAvratoM ko darzAne ke lie prayukta hotA hai| yadi hama kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna kA prayoga karate haiM to samyagdRSTi aura mithyAdRSTi donoM prakAra ke jIvoM ke avadhijJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama hotA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa samyagdRSTi ke avadhijJAna aura mithyAdRSTi ke vibhaMgajJAna (avadhi ajJAna) hotA hai| isa apekSA se kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna vyApaka hai| jabaki guNapratyaya avadhijJAna meM samyagdRSTi ke avadhijJAna kA hI grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, mithyAdRSTi ke vibhaMgajJAna kA nahIM / prazna - kyA mithyAdRSTi se samyagdRSTi hone para avadhijJAna meM kucha antara ho sakatA hai ? uttara - bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna meM saMklizamAna aura asaMklizamAna bheda nahIM haiN| jaise raMgIna kAMca aura sapheda pAradarzI kAMca se dekhane meM antara hotA hai, vaise hI pahale mithyAdRSTi thA, taba raMgIna kAMca se dekhatA thA arthAt aspaSTa (ayathArtha) dekhatA thA aura samyagdRSTi hone ke bAda pAradarzI kAMca se dekhatA hai arthAt spaSTa ( yathArtha) dekhatA hai| mithyAdRSTi se samyagdRSTi hone para jJeya dravyoM kI vRddhi nahIM hotI, lekina jJAna paryAya meM vizuddhi kI vRddhi hogI, kyoMki jIva sahI arthAt spaSTa (yathArtha) dekhane lagatA hai| avadhijJAna ke anya prakAra / guNapratyaya ke prakAra jaina paraMparA meM bhavapratyaya aura kSAyopazamika bheda ke alAvA bhagavatI sUtra Adi AgamoM meM. Avazyakaniryukti, SaTkhaNDAgama aura tattvArthasUtra meM avadhijJAna ke anya bhedoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai, jo nimna prakAra se haiM 1. AgamoM meM prApta prakAra bhagavatIsUtra meM Adho'vadhika aura paramovadhika kA ullekha hai / vahA~ chadmastha kI Adhovadhika se aura kevalI kI paramovadhika se tulanA kI hai| jaise ki chadmastha jIva paramANu pudgala Adi ko pramANa se jAnatA aura dekhatA hai utane hI pramANa meM Adhovadhika jAnatA aura dekhatA hai evaM jo paramAvadhika 79. guNamaMtareNa jahA gaNaNabbhacchAdite ahApavattito chiddeNaM diNakarakiraNavva viNissitA davvamujjovaMti, tahA'vadhimAvaraNakhayovasame avadhilaMbho adhApavattito vinnnneto| naMdIcUrNi pR. 25 80. uttaruttaracaraNaguNavisujjhamANavekkhAto avadhiNANadaMsaNAvaraNAya khayovasamo bhavati, takkhayovasameNa avadhI uppajjati / naMdIcUrNi pR. 26 81. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 568 82. naMdIvRtti pR. 26 83. guNAH mUlottararUpAH tAn pratipanno guNapratipannaH / - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 81 84. dhavalATIkA pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.45, pR. 291 85. na hyasaMjJinAmaparyAptakAnAM ca tatsAmarthyamasti / saMjJinAM paryAptakAnAM ca na sarveSAm / sarvArthasiddhi 1.22, pR. 90

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[308] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jAnatA hai vahI kevalI jAnatA dekhatA hai| 86 isa prakAra prAcIna kAla meM avadhi jJAna ke do bheda mAnya ho sakate haiM - Agho'vadhi (sAmAnya avadhijJAnI) aura paramovadhika / prajJApanAsUtra ke taiMtIsaveM avadhipada meM varNita sAta dvAroM ke AdhAra para avadhijJAna ke caudaha bheda prApta hote haiN| 1. bhavapratyaya, 2. guNapratyaya, 3. AbhyaMtara 4. bAhya 5. dezAvadhi 6. sarvAvadhi 7. anugAmI 8. ananugAmI 9. varddhamAna 10 hIyamAna 11. pratipAtI 12. apratipAtI 13. avasthita 14. anvsthit| 7 prajJApanAsUtra meM avadhijJAna ke bhedoM ko bhinna dvAroM meM kahane kA saMbhavatayA yaha Azaya ho sakatA hai ki sAmAnya buddhi vAle ziSyoM ko bodha dene ke lie yaha AgamakAroM kI eka prakAra kI zailI ho sakatI hai| naMdIsUtra meM avadhijJAna ke chaha bheda hI milate haiM - 1. AnugAmika, 2. anAnugAmika, 3. vardhamAna, 4. hIyamAna, 5. pratipAtI aura 6. aprtipaatii| sthAnAMgasUtra meM bhavapratyaya evaM kSAyopazamika ke sAtha hI AnugAmika, anAnugAmika, vardhamAna, hIyamAna, pratipAtI aura apratipAtI prakAroM kA ullekha milatA hai| naMdIsUtra meM '"ahavA guNapaDivaNNassa aNagArassa ohiNANaM samupajjA ....." yaha mUla pATha AyA hai| guNa kA sambandha mUlaguNa aura uttara guNa se hai / " paDivaNNassa aNagArassa" yaha zabda anya kA niSedhaka nahIM hai, kintu yahA~ jo guNapratyaya avadhijJAna ke chaha bhedoM kA varNana kiyA hai, vaha anagAra kI apekSA se hI hai| kyoMki anya kA avadhijJAna apratipAti nahIM hotA hai arthAt apratipAti avadhijJAna anagAra ko hI hotA hai| prajJApanA sUtra meM naMdIgata chaha bhedoM ke alAvA avasthita aura anavasthita kA bhI ullekha hai, kyoMki prajJApanA sUtra ke avadhipada ( 33vAM pada) meM 24 daNDakoM meM prApta avadhijJAna kA varNana hai / vahA~ deva, nArakI ke AnugAmika Adi avadhijJAna ko avasthita, manuSya, tiryaMca ke AnugAmika Adi avadhijJAna ko avasthita, anavasthita donoM prakAra kA batAyA hai| ataH vahA~ chaha bhedoM ke sAtha ina do bhedoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jabaki naMdIsUtra meM 24 daNDakoM meM pAye jAne vAle avadhijJAna kA varNana nahIM hai| isaliye usameM chaha hI bheda kiye gaye haiM / 2. Avazyakaniryukti ke anusAra Avazyaka niyukti ke anusAra jinabhadragaNi ne avadhijJAna ke kSetra evaM kAla kI apekSA asaMkhyAta bheda aura dravya evaM bhAva kI apekSA se anaMta bheda svIkAra kiye haiN| sabhI bhedoM ko kahane meM asamarthatA batAte hue caudaha prakAra ke nikSepa aura Rddhi kA varNana kiyA hai| 88 isa apekSA se avadhijJAna ke caudaha bheda haiM- 1. avadhi, 2. kSetraparimANa, 3. saMsthAna, 4. AnugAmika, 5. avasthita, 6. cala, 7. tIvramaMda, 8. pratipAti - utpAda, 9. jJAna, 10. darzana, 11. vibhaMga, 12. deza, 13. kSetra aura 14. gati 89 86. Ahohie NaM bhaMte! maNusse paramANupoggalaM ? jahA chaumatthe evaM Ahohie vi jAva aNatapaesiyaM / kevalI NaM bhaMte! maNUse paramANupoggalaM! jahA paramAhohie tahA kevalI vi jAva aNatapaesiyaM / - bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 18, uddezaka 8, pR. 734 87. taMjahA bhavapaccaiyA ya khaovasamiyA ya / NeraiyA NaM bhaMte! ki ohissa kiM aMto bAhi? NeraiyANaM bhaMte! ki disohI savvohI / NeraiyA NaM bhaMte! ohI kiM ANugAmie aNANugAmie vaDDhamANae hAyamANae paDivAI apaDivAI avaTTie aNavaTTie ? | - yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, prajJApanAsUtra pada 33, pR. 183-196 88. Avazyakaniryukti, gAthA 25, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 568-569 89. Avazyakaniryukti, gAthA 27-28, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 577-578

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [3091 3. SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra SaTakhaNDAgama meM avadhijJAna ke teraha bheda prApta hote haiM, yathA 1. dezAvadhi, 2. paramAvadhi, 3. sarvAvadhi, 4. hIyamAna, 5. varddhamAna, 6. avasthita, 7. anavasthita, 8. anugAmI, 9. ananugAmI, 10. sapratipAti, 11. apratipAti, 12. eka kSetrAvadhi aura 13. aneka kssetraavdhi| ina bhedoM meM niyuktigata avadhi, saMsthAna, jJAna, darzana, vibhaMga, deza aura gati Adi kucheka bheda svIkAra nahIM kie haiN| SaTkhaNDAgamakAra ne dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi, sarvAvadhi ye tIna prakAra naye batAye haiN| niyukti meM AnugAmikaanAnugAmika, aise vyavasthita bheda nahIM haiM, SaTkhaNDAgama meM prathama tIna prakAra kA eka vibhAga aura bAda meM zeSa rahe dasa prakAroM ko do-do ke jor3e rUpa pAMca yugma ke rUpa meM bheda prApta hote haiN| niyukti meM AnugAmika, anAnugAmika aura inakA mizra, isI prakAra pratipAtI, apratipAtI Adi aura inakA mizra bheda nirUpita hai| mizra kA yaha bheda SaTkhaNDAgama meM nahIM milatA hai| AcArya guNadhara ke anusAra viSaya kI pradhAnatA se avadhijJAna tIna prakAra kA hotA hai - dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi aura srvaavdhi| jisameM se bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna dezAvadhi aura guNapratyaya avadhijJAna tInoM prakAra kA hotA hai| varddhamAna, hIyamAna, avasthita, anavasthita, anugAmI, ananugAmI, pratipAtI, apratipAtI, ekakSetra aura anekkssetr| ina dasa bhedoM meM se bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna meM avasthita, anavasthita, anugAmI, ananugAmI aura anekakSetra ye pAMca bheda, guNapratyaya avadhijJAna meM dasoM bheda, dezAvadhi meM dasoM bheda, paramAvadhi meM hIyamAna, pratipAtI aura eka kSetra inako chor3akara zeSa sAta bheda aura sarvAvadhi meM anugAmI, ananugAmI, avasthita, apratipAtI aura anekakSetra, ye pAMca bheda pAye jAte haiN| 4. tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra meM avadhijJAna ke chaha bheda prApta hote haiM - 1. anugAmI, 2. ananugAmI, 3. vardhamAna, 4.hIyamAna, 5.avasthita aura 6. anvsthit| pUjyapAda, vidyAnaMda, AcAryanemicandra, amRtacandra aura paMcasaMgrahakAra ne bhI mukhya rUpa se avadhijJAna ke uparyukta chaha bhedoM kA hI ullekha kiyA hai| naMdIsUtra aura tattvArtha sUtra meM prathama cAra bheda samAna haiM, lekina aMtima do bhedoM meM aMtara hai| naMdI meM pratipAtI, apratipAtI aura tattvArtha sUtra meM avasthita, anavasthita bheda haiN| lekina eka apekSA se vicAra kareM to avasthita (jitanA avadhijJAna utanA rahe, jaise ki zarIra ke kisI aMga para utpati se eka samAna rahA huA massA) kA samAveza apratipAtI meM aura anavasthita (utpanna hone ke bAda ghaTatA, bar3hatA ho yA naSTa ho jAe, jaise ki vAyu se pAnI meM uThatI taraMgoM ke samAna) kA samAveza pratipAtI meM ho jAtA hai| akalaMka ne tattvArthasUtra ke chaha bhedoM kA ullekha karake naMdIsUtra meM varNita pratipAtI, apratipAtI ina do bhedoM kA bhI ullekha dezAvadhi ke ATha bhedoM meM kiyA hai| tattvArthavArtika ke anusAra avadhijJAna 90. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 56, 61, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 714, 739 91. kaSAyapAhuDa, pR.16,17 92. tattvArthasUtra 1.23 93. sarvArthasiddhi, 1.22 pR. 90, tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.22, gommaTasAra (jIvakAMDa) bhAga 2, pR. 619, tattvArthasAra, gAthA 25 27, pR. 12, paMcasaMgraha, adhikAra 1, gAthA 124, pR. 27 94. anavasthitaM hIyate vardhate vardhate hIyate ca / pratipatati cotpadyate ceti / punaH punruurmivt| avasthitaM yAvati kSetre utpannaM bhavati tato na prtipttyaakevlpraaptervtisstthte| - tattvArthadhigamasUtra (bhASya evaM TIkA), sUtra 1.23, pR. 99-100

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[310] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ke tIna bheda - dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi, sarvAvadhi haiN| jinameM dezAvadhi ke vardhamAna, hIyamAna, avasthita, anavasthita, anugAmI, ananugAmI, apratipAtI, pratipAtI ye ATha bheda hote haiM / paramAvadhi ke hIyamAna aura pratipAtI ko chor3akara zeSa chaha bheda pAye jAte haiN| sarvAvadhi ke avasthita, anugAmika, ananugAmika aura apratipAtI ye cAra bheda hote haiM 5 akalaMka ne Age varNana karate hue kahA hai ki paramAvadhijJAna, sarvAvadhi se dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI dRSTi se nyUna hai isalie paramAvadhi bhI vAstava meM dezAvadhi hai / " akalaMka ne SaTkhaNDAgama meM varNita ekakSetra aura anekakSetra, ina do bhedoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| vidyAnaMda ne pratipAtI aura apratipAtI ina do bhedoM ko tattvArtha sUtra ke chaha bhedoM meM ullekhita kiyA hai|" yazovijaya ne bhI naMdIsUtra ke samAna hI chaha bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai isa prakAra avadhijJAna ke bhedoM meM vibhinnamata the, lekina aMta meM naMdIsUtra meM varNita chaha bhedoM ko hI mAnya kiyA gayA hai| uparyukta varNita sAre bheda guNapratyaya avadhijJAna ke hI pratIta hote haiN| isako spaSTa karane ke lie AcArya bhadrabAhu aura jinabhadragaNi ne kSetra parimANa, saMsthAna, AnugAmika, anAnugAmika, avasthita aura deza dvAra meM kRta varNana ko guNapratyaya ( manuSya aura tiryaMca kI apekSA) meM rakhA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM guNapratyaya ke bAda dezAvadhi Adi teraha prakAra batAe haiN| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ye bheda guNapratyaya ke haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM ye chaha bheda kSAyopazamika (guNapratyaya) avadhijJAna ke vizeSa prakAra hai P9 AcArya nemicandra 100 aura amRtacandra 11 kA bhI aisA hI mAnanA hai| naMdIsUtra meM kSAyopazamika (guNapratyaya) kA kathana karane ke bAda hI anugAmI Adi chaha bhedoM kA kathana kiyA hai| malayagiri ne eka hI sUtra meM guNapratyaya ke sAtha ina chaha bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| 102 ina AdhAroM se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha bheda guNapratyaya avadhijJAna ke hI haiN| lekina vIrasenAcArya kA abhimata hai ki yaha avadhijJAna ke sAmAnya rUpa se bheda haiM kyoMki avasthita, anavasthita, anugAmI, ananugAmI Adi bheda bhavapratyaya jJAna meM bhI ghaTita hote haiN| 103 uparyukta varNana kA sArAMza yaha hai ki Avazyakaniryukti aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM uparyukta bhedoM kA varNana avadhijJAna ke sAmAnya bhedoM ke rUpa meM thA / lekina naMdIsUtra, aura tattvArthasUtra Adi ke kAla meM ina bhedoM ko spaSTa rUpa se guNapratyaya avadhijJAna ke bheda ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA gayA, kyoMki 95. punarapare'vadhestrayobhedAH dezAvadhiH paramAvadhiH sarvAvadhizcati / vardhamAno: hIyamAna avasthitaH anavasthitaH anugAmI ananugAmI apratipAtI pratipAtItyete'STau bhedA dezAvadherbhavati / hIyamAnapratipAtibhedavarjA itare SaDbhedA bhavati paramAvadheH / avasthito'nugAmyananugAmyapratipAtItyete catvAro bhedAH sarvAvidheH / - tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1.22.5 pR. 56 96. sarvazabdassa sAkalyavAcitvAddravyakSetrakAlabhAvaiH sarvAvadheraMtaH pAtiparamAvadhirataH paramAvadhirati dezAvadhireveti dvividha evAvadhi: sarvAvadhirdezAvadhizca / tattvArthAjavArtika 1.22.5 pR.57 97. anugAmyananugAmI varddhamAno hIyamAno'vasthito'navasthita iti SaDavikalpo'vadhiH saMpratipAtApratipAtayostraivAntarbhAvAt / - tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.22 pR. 245 99. kSayopazaminimittaH SaDvikalpaH zeSANAM / tattvArtha sUtra 1.22 101. tattvArthasAra, gAthA 25-27, pR. 12 samuppajjai, taM samAsao chavvihaM pannataM, taMjahA - ANugAmiaM aNANugAmiaM 98. jainatarkabhASA pR. 24 100. gommaTasAra ( jIvakAMDa) bhAga 2, pR. 619 102. ahavA guNa paDivannassa aNagArassa ohiNANaM vaDUmANayaM hIyamANayaM paDivAiyaM appaDivAiyaM malayagiri naMdIvRtti, sUtra 9, pR. 81 103. anaMtarattAdo guNapaccai ya ohiNANamaNeyavihaM ti kiNNa vuccade ? Na, bhavapaccaiyaohiNANe vi avaTThida - aNavadi aNugAmi- annnnugaamiviyppuvlNmaado| SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA) pu. 13, sUtra 5-5-56, pR. 293

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [311] hA~ "o"o ho ho ho ho ho ho ho ko ko ho ho ho ho ho ho ho ke ka ho ke 11. nahIM nahIM nahIM bhavapratyaya kA saMbaMdha nArakI, devatA se hai jisameM ananugama, pratipAta Adi kA prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotA hai| uparyukta varNana ko hama nimna cArTa ke AdhAra para bhI samajha sakate haiN| kra.saM. bheda avazyakaniyukti SaTkhaNDAgama naMdIsUtra tattvArthasUtra bhavapratyaya guNapratyaya AnugAmika anAnugAmika vardhamAna hIyamAna pratipAtI apratipAtI avasthita nahIM anavasthita nahIM ekakSetra 12. anekakSetra 13. dezAvadhi nahIM nahIM 14. paramAvadhi nahIM nahIM 15. sarvAvadhi nahIM caudaha nikSepoM ke anusAra avadhijJAna kA varNana vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna ke aneka bheda batAe haiM aura unake bhedoM kA kathana 14 nikSepoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai| prastuta zodhagrantha meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kathita 14 nikSepoM ko AdhAra banAte hue anya Agama graMthoM meM jo samAnatA aura bhinnatA prApta hotI hai unakA yahA~ samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jaaegaa| caudaha nikSepa nimna prakAra se haiM - 1. avadhi, 2. kSetraparimANa, 3. saMsthAna, 4. AnugAmika, 5. avasthita, 6. cala, 7. tIvramaMda, 8. pratipAti-utpAda, 9. jJAna, 10. darzana, 11. vibhaMga, 12. deza, 13. kSetra aura 14. gti| ina caudaha dvAroM ke bAda Rddhi ko paMdrahaveM dvAra ke rUpa meM jinabhadragaNi ne svIkAra kiyA hai|104 jinabhadragaNi ne caudaha nikSepa ke saMbaMdha meM prApta matAMtaroM kA ullekha nimna prakAra se kiyA hai - Avazyakaniyukti meM uparyukta caudaha dvAroM se avadhijJAna kA varNana kiyA hai, lekina bAda ke kucha AcAryoM kA aisA mAnanA thA ki yahA~ avadhi kI vicAraNA hone se avadhi pada mUla hai| isalie unhoMne pIche ke teraha dvAroM ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai aura niyukti ke 14 dvAroM kI saMgati biThAne ke lie anAnugAmika dvAra ko alaga ginakara 14 dvAra mAne haiM evaM kucha AcArya avadhi nAmaka isa pahale nikSepa ko svIkAra hI nahIM karate haiM - 1. kSetra parimANa 2. saMsthAna 3. AnugAmika 4. ananugAmI evaM 5 se 14 taka ke nikSepa uparyuktAnusAra hI svIkAra karate haiN| jinabhadragaNi ne Avazyakaniyukti meM jo caudaha nikSepa batAye haiM, unake anusAra hI avadhijJAna kA varNana kiyA hai| 104. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 577-578-579 105. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 579-580

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[312] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana nikSepa kA svarUpa zabdoM kA arthoM meM aura athoM kA zabdoM meM Aropa karanA, arthAt jo kisI eka nizcaya yA nirNaya meM sthApita karatA hai use nikSepa kahate haiN|106 nikSepa kA paryAyavAcI zabda nyAsa hai| tattvArthasUtra meM isa zabda kA prayoga huA hai| 07 anuyogadvAra kI TIkA meM kahA hai ki nikSepapUrvaka artha kA nirUpaNa karane se usameM spaSTatA AtI hai, isalie artha kI spaSTatA nikSepa kA prakaTa phala hai|08 1. 'avadhi' zabda kA nikSepa avadhi nikSepa kI jinabhadragaNi ne nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAva ina sAta prakAroM se samajhAyA hai| (1) nAma avadhi - vyavahAra kI suvidhA ke lie vastu ko apanI icchA ke anusAra jo saMjJA pradAna kI jAtI hai, vaha nAma nikSepa hai| jaise loka vyavahAra meM maryAdA (sImA) ko avadhi kahate haiM vaise hI koI jIvAdi padArtha ko avadhi nAma dene se vaha mAtra nAma se avadhi kahalAtA hai athavA avadhi aise akSaroM kI paMkti rUpa saMjJA kA nAma hai athavA yaha avadhijJAna kI vacana rUpa svaparyAya hai| isa nAma nikSepa kA sambandha vastu ke avadhi nAma se hI hai, guNa-avaguNa se nahIM aura yaha Ayuparyanta athavA vastu kI usI rUpa meM sthiti rahe-vahA~ taka rahatA hai| nAma nikSepa meM jo usakA mUla nAma hai usI se use pukArA jAtA hai, kintu usa nAma ke anya paryAyavAcI zabdoM se usakA kathana nahIM ho sakatA hai| (2) sthApanA avadhi - kisI mUla vastu kA, pratikRti, marti athavA citra meM Aropa karanA sthApanA nikSepa hai arthAt jo artha tadrUpa nahIM hai, use tadpa mAna lenA sthApanA nikSepa hai| jaise cAvala Adi meM kisI vastu Adi kA nikSepa kiyA jAtA hai vaise hI kisI vastu meM avadhi kI sthApanA karanA sthApanA avadhi hai athavA avadhijJAna ke viSayabhUta pRthvI, parvata Adi dravya, bharatAdi kSetra aura svAmIpane kA AdhArabhUta sAdhu Adi kA AkAra vizeSa sthApanA avadhi hai| (3) dravya avadhi - guNa ke usa AdhAra (pAtra) ko dravya kahate haiM ki jisameM bhaviSya meM guNa utpanna hone vAlA ho, athavA bhUtakAla meM utpanna hokara naSTa ho cukA ho arthAt atIta-vyavasthA, bhaviSyat avasthA aura anuyoga dazA ye tInoM vivakSita kriyA meM pariNata nahIM hote haiM, isalie inheM dravya nikSepa kahate haiN| isa nikSepa meM kisI samaya bhUtakAlIna sthiti kA vartamAna kAla meM prayoga kiyA jAtA hai to kisI samaya bhaviSyakAlIna sthiti kA vartamAna kAla meM prayoga hotA hai| isake do prakAra hote haiM - 1. AgamataH aura 2. no aagmtH| 1. AgamataH - avadhijJAnI padArtha ko jAnatA hai lekina usa padArtha meM usakA upayoga nahIM ho, to yaha AgamataH avadhi dravya hai| 2. no AgamataH - jisameM avadhi kI kriyA nahIM ho rahI hai, vaha no AgamataH avadhi dravya hai| isake do bheda haiM - jJazarIra dravyAvadhi aura bhavyazarIra drvyaavdhi| avadhijJAnI kA murdA zarIra-noAgama jJAyaka zarIra dravya hai athavA jisameM bhaviSya meM avadhi hogA aisA dravya bhI no Agama jJAyaka zarIra dravya hai| isake tIna bheda haiM, -1. jJazarIra 2. bhavya zarIra aura 3. tdvytirikt| 106. Nicchae NiNNae khivadi tti nnikkheo| - SaTakhaNDAgama (dhavalA), pu. 1, pR. 10 107. naamsthaapnaadrvybhaavtstnyaasH| - tattvArtha sUtra 1.5 108. AvazyakAdizabdAnAmartho nirUpaNIyaH, sa ca nikSepapUrvaka evaM spaSTatayA nirUpitA bhvti| anuyogadvAravRtti 109. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 581

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [313] 1. jJazarIra noAgama dravya nikSepa - avadhijJAnI ke zarIra se AtmA ke nikala jAne para zeSa rahA murdA zarIra-noAgama jJAyaka zarIra dravya hai| usameM bhUtakAla meM avadhijJAnI kI AtmA nivAsa karatI thii| aba vaha gata-bhAva hone se khAlI pAtra raha gayA hai- ghRta nikala jAne ke bAda khAlI rahe hue ghar3e ke smaan| tIrthaMkara bhagavAn athavA sAdhu yA zrAvaka kA nirjIva zarIra isI bheda meM AtA hai / 2. bhavya-zarIra noAgama dravya nikSepa - bhaviSya meM avadhi kA jJAtA hone vAlA dravya arthAt jisane manuSya meM rahate hue naraka athavA deva kA AyuSya bAMdha liyA hai, to vaha bhaviSya meM avadhi kA jJAtA hogA, use bhavyazarIra no Agamata dravya avadhi kahate haiN| jaise kisI ne ghRta bharane ke lie ghar3A banAyA yA kharIdA, to bhaviSya meM usameM ghRta bharA jAegA, kintu abhI khAlI hai| vaha ghar3A bhI isa bheda meM ginA jAtA hai| 3. jJa-bhavya-vyatirikta noAgama dravya nikSepa - isake tIna bheda haiM - 1. laukika, 2. lokottara aura 3. kupraavcnik| laukika - mithyAdRSTi kA vibhaMgajJAna meM upayoga nahIM lagAnA, vaha laukika noAgama dravya nikSepa hai| lokottara - nigraMtha sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA, Atma-kalyANa ke lie avadhi kI anupayogapUrvaka yathAkAla jo ArAdhanA karate haiM, vaha lokottara noAgama dravya nikSepa hai / kuprAvacanika - anya matAvalambI caraka Adi apane vibhaMga jJAna se jAnakara iSTa deva ko anupayogapUrvaka ardhya dete haiM, praNAma karate haiM, havana karate haiM aura mantra kA jApa Adi aneka kriyAe~ karate haiM / ye saba kuprAvacanika noAgama dravya nikSepa hai| (4) kSetra avadhi- jisa kSetra meM avadhi utpanna hotA hai yA jisa kSetra meM avadhi jJAna kI prarUpaNA hotI hai, yA avadhijJAnI jisa kSetra meM rahe hue dravyoM ko jAnatA hai, yaha sabhI kSetra avadhi kahalAtA hai| (5)kAla avadhi - jisa kAla meM avadhi utpanna hotA hai yA jisa kAla meM avadhi kI prarUpaNA hotI hai yA avadhijJAnI jisa kAla meM rahe hue dravyoM ko jAnatA hai, yaha sabhI kAla avadhi kahalAtA hai| (6) bhava avadhi - jisa nArakI Adi meM bhava avadhijJAna hotA hai vaha bhava avadhi kahalAtA hai| (7) bhAva avadhi - jisa kSAyopazamika Adi bhAva se jo avadhi hotA hai, vaha bhAva avadhi kahalAtA hai arthAt zabda ke dvArA vartamAna paryAyayukta vastu kA grahaNa honA bhAva nikSepa hai| isake do bheda haiM - 1. AgamataH - jisakA avadhi meM upayoga lagA huA ho, athavA jo avadhi kI upayoga pUrvaka kriyA kara rahA ho vaha AgamataH bhAva nikSepa hai / 2. noAgama se - isake tIna bheda haiM / (a) laukika - mithyAdRSTi kA vibhaMgajJAna meM upayoga lagAnA, vaha laukika noAgama bhAva nikSepa hai / (ba) lokottara - nigraMtha sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA, Atma-kalyANa ke lie avadhi kI upayogapUrvaka aura yathAkAla jo jo ArAdhanA karate haiM, vaha lokottara noAgama bhAva nikSepa hai / (sa) kuprAvacanika - anya matAvalambI caraka Adi apane vibhaMga jJAna se jAnakara iSTa deva ko bhAvapUrvaka ardhya dete haiM, praNAma karate haiM, havana karate haiM aura mantra kA jApa Adi aneka kriyAe~ karate haiM / ye saba kuprAvacanika noAgama bhAva nikSepa hai| isa prakAra bhASyakAra ne sAta nikSepoM ke dvArA avadhi kI vyAkhyA kI hai| isake bAda dUsare nikSepa kA svarUpa smjhaayaa|110 110. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 581-586

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[314] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 2. kSetra parimANa nikSepa avadhijJAna kA viSaya jitane kSetra meM hotA hai arthAt jitane kSetra meM rahe hue rUpI padArthoM ko avadhijJAnI jAnatA hai vaha avadhijJAna kA kSetra parimANa kahalAtA hai| isake tIna prakAra haiM - jaghanya, utkRSTa aura mdhym| avadhi kA sabase kama nyUnatama parimANa jaghanya avadhi, sarvotkRSTa parimANa ko utkRSTa avadhi aura donoM ke bIca meM jo bhI parimANa hotA, vaha madhyama avadhi kahalAtA hai| avadhi kA jaghanya kSetra parimANa ___naMdIsUtra, Avazyakaniyukti aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra tIna samaya ke AhAraka sUkSma panaka jIva kA jitanA zarIra (avagAhanA) hotA hai utanA hI avadhijJAna kA viSayabhUta jaghanya kSetra parimANa hotA hai|11 SaTkhaNDAgama meM sUkSma nigoda labdhi aparyApta jIva ke AdhAra para kathana kiyA gayA hai|12 ___ jaina AgamoM meM 'panaka' zabda pramukha rUpa se nigoda (lIlana-phUlana) ke lie prayukta hotA hai| nigoda kA artha hotA hai eka zarIra meM anaMta jIva honA arthAt anaMta jIvoM kA piNDa nigoda kahalAtA hai| nigoda kA yaha zarIra atyaMta sUkSma hotA hai jise hama carmacakSu se nahIM dekha sakate haiN| nigoda ke jIva do prakAra ke hote haiM - sUkSma aura baadr| vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 588 meM 'suhumassa paNagajIvassa' se sUkSma nigoda ke jIva kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai, bAdara kA nhiiN| nigoda ke jIva eka muhUrta meM zvetAMbara 13 mAnyatA se 65536 bhava aura digambara14 mAnyatA se aMtarmuhUrta meM 66336 bhava pAMca jAtiyoM ke labdhi aparyAptA ke karate haiN| maladhArI hemacandra kI bRhadvavRtti ke anusAra eka hajAra yojana kI lambAI vAlA matsya marakara sva-zarIra ke eka deza meM utpanna hone ke lie prathama samaya meM hajAra yojana vAlA matsya jAr3AI kA saMkoca kara aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga pramANa moTA (jAr3A) aura laMbA hotA hai to svayaM ke zarIra jitanA pratara sAmarthya se karatA hai| dUsare samaya meM usa pratara ko bhI saMkucita kara vaha matsya zarIra pramANa caur3AI vAle AtmapradezoM kI sUcI (zreNI) banAtA hai| usa sUcI kI moTAI-caur3AI aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga pramANa hotI hai| isake bAda tIsare samaya meM sUcI ko bhI saMkSepa kara ke aMgula ke aMsakhyAtaveM bhAga jitanI avagAhanA banAkara vartamAna bhava kA matsyAyu kSaya hone se aura naye bhava (panaka) kA AyuSya udaya hone se avigraha gati se usa matsya ke zarIra ke kisI eka deza meM sUkSma panaka ke rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai| utpatti ke tIsare samaya meM panaka ke zarIra kA jitanA pramANa hotA hai utanA pramANa avadhijJAna kA jaghanya kSetra hotA hai| kSetra meM rahe hue rUpI padArtha jaghanya avadhijJAnI ke viSaya banate haiN| yaha pramANa munivRMdoM dvArA kathita hai| 15 aisA hI ullekha haribhadra aura malayagiri ne naMdIvRtti meM kiyA hai|16 spaSTIkaraNa yahA~ 1000 yojana kA matsya lene kA kAraNa yaha hai ki adhika bar3e zarIra (avagAhanA) vAle matsya ko tIna samaya meM AtmapradezoM ko saMkoca karane ke lie tIvra prayatna karanA par3atA hai| sva-zarIra 111. jAvaiyA tisamayAhAragassa suhumassa pnngjiivss| ogAhaNA jahaNNA ohI khettaM jahaNNaM tu| - Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 30, naMdIsUtra, pR. 35, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 588 112. SaTakhaNDAgama, pR.13, sUtra 5.5.59.3 pR. 301 113. paM. sukhalAla, karmagrantha, bhAga 5, pR.119 114. gommaTasAra (jIvakAMDa) bhAga 1, gAthA 123 115. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 589-591 116. haribhadrIyAvRtti pR. 26, malayagiri pR. 91

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [315] avagAhanA meM utpanna honA isalie batAyA hai ki yadi vaha jIva anyatra dUra jAkara utpanna hotA hai to utpatti kSetra meM vigraha gati se jAyegA, jisase AtmapradezoM kA kucha vistAra hogA aura usakI avagAhanA moTI ho jaayegii| isa kAraNa se jIva avigrahagati se svayaM ke zarIra meM utpanna hotA hai| 17 sabhI jIvoM meM sabase choTI se choTI avagAhanA sUkSma panaka ke jIva kI hotI hai isalie yahA~ panaka jIva liyA gayA hai| tIna samaya kA AhAra grahaNa kiye hue jIva ko lene kA kAraNa yaha hai ki jIva pahale aura dUsare samaya meM ati sUkSma tathA cauthe Adi samaya meM jaghanya avadhi kSetra se bar3A ho jAtA hai isalie tIsare samaya meM jitanI avagAhanA usa jIva kI hotI hai utanA hI jaghanya avadhijJAna kA kSetra hotA hai|18 samIkSA jinabhadragaNi aura maladhArI hemacandra ke uparyukta varNana se yaha mantavya prakaTa hotA hai ki sUkSma panaka jIva kI jaghanya avadhijJAna ke kSetra ke yogya jo jaghanya avagAhanA hotI hai, vaha 1000 yojana vAle matsya meM utpanna hone para hI hotI hai, kyoMki usI jIva meM tIvra prayatna se saMkoca hotA hai| kintu yaha kathana Agama ke anukUla nahIM hai, kyoMki bhagavatI sUtra zataka 1 uddezaka 5 meM krodhI, mAnI ke bhaMgoM meM vanaspati ke jIvoM meM jaghanya avagAhanA ko bhI zAzvata batAyA hai| jabaki utpanna hone vAlA matsya trasa jIva hai aura prajJApanA sUtra ke chaThe pada meM trasa jIvoM kI utpatti kA viraha (antara) batAyA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki anya jIva bhI Akara jaghanya avagAhanA banA sakate haiN| jaise ki koI jIva nigoda panaka ke rUpa meM utpanna hone ke lie tIna samaya kI vigrahagati se A rahA hai to usakI bhI utpatti ke samaya jaghanya avagAhanA ho sakatI hai athavA tIsare samaya meM pahu~cakara AhAra grahaNa karake pAMcaveM samaya meM to vaha jIva tIna samaya kA AhAraka bana jaayegaa| usakI avagAhanA bhI jaghanya avadhi jitanI ho sakatI hai, aisI bhI eka dhAraNA hai| isI prakAra zarIra se bAhara Rjugati se utpanna hone vAle ke kucha Atmapradeza to utpatti sthAna para pahu~ca gaye, kintu abhI taka avagAhanA pUrvabhava ke anusAra hI rahatI hai| naye bhava ke avagAha kSetra meM avagAr3ha nahIM huA hai, AhAraka bhI ho gayA hai, kintu abhI taka Atmapradeza vizreNI meM haiM, ata: utpatti kSetra meM avagAr3ha hone se Rcagati vAle ko bhI tIna samaya laga jAyeMge, kyoMki pUrvabhava kI avagAhanA ke sAre pradeza eka sIdha meM nahIM hote haiM aura saMkoca agale bhava meM hone ke kAraNa tIsare samaya meM jaghanya avadhi kSetra jitanI avagAhanA ho sakatI hai| matAntara jinabhadragaNi ne isa sambandha meM prApta do matoM kA ullekha karake khaNDana kiyA hai| prathama mata - katipaya AcArya sUkSmapanaka jIva avagAhanA saMkoca kI kriyA matsya ke bhava arthAt pUrvabhava meM hI karatA hai arthAt pUrvabhava meM do samayoM meM mauTAI-caur3AI kA saMkoca mAnakara tIsare samaya meM arthAt naye bhava ke prathama samaya meM lambAI kA saMkoca aura utpatti samaya kA AhAra sAtha hone se avigraha gati utpanna panaka jIva tIna samaya kA AhAraka kahalAtA hai| samAdhAna - yahA~ avagAhanA saMkoca kI kriyA vartamAna bhava (matsya ke bhava) meM karanA batAyA hai, vaha bhI Agama se viruddha hai, kyoMki bhagavatIsUtra zataka 5 uddezaka 3 meM eka sAtha do bhava ke AyuSya vedana (vipAkodaya) kA niSedha kiyA hai| isalie AgamAnusAra jaba taka vartamAna bhava kA AyuSya samApta nahIM hogA taba taka parabhava (sUkSma nigoda ke bhava) ke AyuSya kA udaya nahIM hogA aura AyuSya ke 117. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 592-594 118. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 595

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[316] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana udaya ke binA usa bhava saMbaMdhI anya kArya kaise hoMge? tathA prajJApanA sUtra ke 36veM pada meM mAraNAMtika samudghAta ke daNDa ko viSkaMbha aura bAhalya se zarIra pramANa batAyA hai aura jIva mAraNAMtika samudghAta meM kAla bhI kara sakatA hai, isalie antima samaya taka samudghAta ho sakatI hai| ataH avagAhanA kA saMkoca parabhava meM hI mAnanA caahie|19 digambarAcArya kA bhI yahI mata hai|120 maladhArI hemacandra ne bhI TIkA meM isa mata kA khaNDana kiyA hai| dUsarA mata - utpatti ke prathama samaya meM jIva dvitIyAdi samaya kI apekSA se atisUkSma hotA hai| prati samaya usakI moTAI bar3hatI jAtI hai isalie yahA~ prathama samaya kA sUkSma jIva hI grahaNa karanA cAhie aura utanA hI avadhijJAna kA jaghanya viSayabhUta kSetra mAnanA caahie| samAdhAna - maladhArI hemacandra kahate haiM ki yahA~ atisUkSma athavA ati bar3I avagAhanA ke sAtha koI prayojana nahIM, lekina yogya avagAhanA ke sAtha prayojana hai| jitanA avadhijJAna kA jaghanya viSayabhUta kSetra hotA hai, usake lie jitanI yogya avagAhanA honI cAhie vaha panaka ke tIna samaya kA AhAra grahaNa karane ke bAda hotI hai| bhale hI tIna samayoM meM AhAra karane se avagAhanA baDha gaI ho to bhI avadhi ke prAyogya jaghanyatA hI iSTa hai| ataH prathama samaya kI jaghanya avagAhanA nahIM hai| isalie do samaya bhI nahIM kahA kAraNa ki vaha avagAhanA avadhi prAyogya jaghanyatA se kama hai aura cAra samayoM meM adhika ho jAtI hai, ata: tIna samaya ke AhAra ko grahaNa kiye panaka jIva kA hI grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM jaghanya avadhijJAna ke sambandha meM jo varNana kiyA hai, vaha sampradAya ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai, lekina yaha varNana AgamAnukUla pratIta nahIM hotA hai| ataH donoM kI tulanA nimna prakAra se hai - jinabhadragaNi kA mata 1000 yojana lambA matsya (citra-1) pahale samaya meM cauDAI avagAhanA saMkoca karake lambAI aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga lambAI 1000 yojana ghana karake pratara aura dUsare samaya meM sUcI banAtA hai| - - - - - - | ---+-- AgamAnusAra 5-+--- / citra-2 (a) prathama samaya meM moTAI (jAr3AI) ------- ko saMkucita karatA hai aura nimna prakAra se citra-2 (ba) (citra-1-bhASyakAra matAnusAra) pratara banAtA hai| phira dUsare samaya meM caur3AI ko saMkucita karake zreNI (sUcI) citra-2 (sa) banAtA hai| tIsare samaya meM sUcI (lambAI kA ghana) karake aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga citra-2 (da) ghana jitanA ho jAtA hai| uparyukta kathana kA Azaya hai ki 1000 yojana kA matsya jaba sva-avagADha kSetra meM utpanna hotA hai to prathama samaya meM kucha Atmapradeza utpatti sthAna para pahu~ca kara AhAra grahaNa kara lete haiN| jisase vaha prathama samaya meM AhAraka ho jAtA hai| prathama samaya meM ghana ArthAt bAhalya (moTAI) kA saMkoca karake pratara banAtA hai| usa pratara kI mauTAI prathama samaya prAyogya jitanI cAhie utanI hI rakhatA hai| dUsare samaya meM pratara arthAt viSkaMbha (caur3AI) kA saMkoca karake sUcI (zreNI) banAtA hai| isameM bhI pUrA saMkoca 119. jIvassa NaM bhaMte! mAraNAMtiyasamugghAeNaM samohayassa teyAsarIrassa kemahAliyA sarIrogAhapaNNattA? goyamA ! sarIrapamANamettA vikkhaMbha-bAhalleNaM, AyAmeNaM jahaNNeNaM aMgulassa asaMkhejjaibhAgo ukkoseNaM logaMtAo logNto| prajJApanA sUtra bhAga-2, pR. 462 120, gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa bhAga 2 gAthA 584 pR. 815 mauTAI | | / /

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paMcama adhyAya nahIM karake dUsare samaya meM jitanI hotI hai, mauTAI uttanI rakhakara zeSa kA saMkoca karatA hai aura tIsare samaya meM lambAI kA saMkoca karake apane sUkSma nigoda kI avagAhanA meM vyApta ho jAtA hai| sAmAnyataH moTAI, caur3AI aura, lambAI isa krama se saMkoca karatA hai| isalie tIsare samaya vAle jIva sUkSma nigoda kI jaghanya avagAhanA samajhI jAtI hai| vaha tIna sUcIsamaya kA AhAraka bhI hotA hai evaM jaghanya avagAhanA vAlA bhI hotA hai| pratara vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna cauDAI cauDAI ghana lambAI 1000 yojana lambAI 1000 yojana lambAI 1000 yojana [317] -citra- 2 (a) -citra- 2 (ba) -citra-2 (sa) -citra- 2 (4) (citra - 2 - AgamAnusAra ) SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra sUkSma nigoda labdhyaparyAptaka jIva kI jitanI jaghanya avagAhanA hotI hai utanA hI avadhijJAna kA jaghanya kSetra hai| 21 arthAt utsedhAMgula ko sthApita kara usameM palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga kA bhAga dene para jo eka khaNDa pramANa labdha AtA hai utanI tIsare samaya meM AhAra grahaNa karane vAle aura tIsare samaya meM tadbhavastha hue sUkSma nigoda labdhyaparyAptaka jIva kI jaghanya avagAhanA hotI hai| aisA hI ullekha gommaTasAra meM bhI milatA hai| 122 yaha jaghanya avagAhanA kitanI hotI hai, isakA pramANa nahIM milatA, phira bhI kSetra khaNDana ke anusAra samIkaraNa Adi karane para UMcAI, caur3AI, lambAI pramANa utsedhAMgula asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga mAtra hotA hai unako paraspara guNA karane para ghanAMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga pramANa ghana kSetraphala hotA hai| itanA hI pramANa jaghanya avagAhanA kA aura itanA hI jaghanya avadhi kA kSetra hotA hai| / avadhijJAna kA utkRSTa kSetra parimANa Avazyakaniyukti meM avadhijJAna kA utkRSTa kSetra kA nirUpaNa nimna prakAra se kiyA hai savvabahu agaNijIvA niraMtaraM jattiyaM bharijjaM su / khettaM savvadisAgaM paramohI kheta NihiDo // 123 arthAt jaba sUkSma agnikAya ke jIva aura bAdara agnikAya ke jIva utkRSTa saMkhyA meM hote haiM taba sabhI agnikAya ke jIvoM ko sammilita karake ye sabhI agnikAyika jIva sabhI dizAoM meM jitane kSetra ko vyApta karate haiM vaha paramAvadhi kA utkRSTa kSetra hai| ise jinabhadragaNi ne Avazyakaniryukti ke AdhAra para eka kalpanA se samajhAyA hai avasarpiNI kAla meM dUsare tIrthaMkara ke samaya jaba agnikAya ke jIvoM kI utkRSTa saMkhyA hotI hai aura jaba bAdara ke sAtha sUkSma agnikAya ke jIvoM kI bhI utkRSTa saMkhyA hotI hai to una utkRSTa agnikAya ke jIvoM kI chaha prakAra se sthApanA hotI hai| sarvaprathama agnikAya ke eka eka jIva kI eka-eka AkAza pradeza para sthApanA karake ghana, pratara aura zreNI rUpa tIna prakAra kI sthApanA prApta hotI hai| dUsare prakAra se sva-sva avagAhanA meM jitane AkAza pradeza hote haiM una para jIvoM kI sthApanA karake ghana, pratara aura zreNI rUpa tIna prakAra kI sthApanA prApta hotI hai| isa prakAra kula chaha prakAra kI sthApanA prApta hotI hai / 121. SaTkhaNDAgama, pR. 13, sUtra 5.5.59 gAthA 3, pR. 301-302 122. gommaTasAra ( jIvakAMDa) bhAga-2, gAthA 381, pR. 625 123. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 31, yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra 15, pR. 36 vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 598

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[318] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana inameM prathama pAMca sthApanAeM ( zrutAdeza) grahaNa karane yogya nahIM haiM, kyoMki ina ko yadi grahaNa karane para do doSoM kI prApti hotI hai 1. ina pAMca prakAra kI sthApanAoM ko sthApita karake agnikAya ke jIvoM ko asatkalpanA se chahoM dizAoM meM ghumAveM aura ve jitane kSetra kA sparza kareM, vaha kSetra avadhijJAna ke utkRSTa kSetra se alpa hotA hai| 2. pratyeka AkAza pradeza meM pratyeka jIva kI sthApanA karanA Agama viruddha hai / Agama meM ullekha hai ki jIva kama se kama sva-sva avagAhanA jitane AkAza pradezoM ko avagAhita karake hI rahatA hai| jaiseki bhagavatIsUtra zataka 19 uddezaka 3 meM avagAhanA ke 44 boloM kI alpabahutva meM sUkSma nigoda ke aparyApta kI jaghanya avagAhanA se sUkSma vAyu ke aparyAptaka jIva kI jaghanya avagAhanA asaMkhyAtaguNI kahI hai| ataH prathama pA~ca sthApanAe~ anAdeza rUpa hone se grahaNa karane yogya nahIM haiN| chaThI sthApanA (zrutAdeza) meM pratyeka agnijIva ko apane-apane avagAhana kSetra arthAt sva-sva avagAhanA kSetra meM zreNI ke rUpa meM sthApita karanA caahie| isa prakAra asaMkhya AkAza pradezAtmaka sva-avagAhanA meM paMkti meM jIva sthApanA karane para sUci (zreNI) rUpa chaThe prakAra kA zrutAdeza prApta hotA hai| AgamAnusAra yahI zrutAdeza grahaNa karane yogya hai| yaha kSetra hI avadhijJAna kA utkRSTa kSetra hai aura isako grahaNa karane para uparyukta do doSoM kI bhI prApti nahIM hotI hai, yathA 1. sUcI meM eka-eka jIva asaMkhyeya AkAza pradezoM meM paMkti rUpa se avagAr3ha hotA hai, taba bahutara kSetra kI sparzanA karatA hai| 2. isa avagAha kA Agama se virodha nahIM hai| * * loka ke asaMkhyAta pradezoM meM avagAhita paMktirUpa meM vyavasthita una agnijIvoM kI sUcI ko kAlpanika rUpa se avadhijJAnI ke zarIra ke cAroM ora chahoM dizAoM meM ghumAne para vaha sUcI bahuta kSetra ko sparza karatI hai| chaTheM zrutAdeza meM sva-sva avagAhanA jitane pradezoM meM jIva kI sthApanA kareMge arthAt eka jIva kI avagAhanA pUrNa hogI usake bAda hI agale jIva kI avagAhanA kSetra meM usakI sthApanA kreNge| isa prakAra eka ke bAda eka jIva kI sthApanA karane se sUcI / aloka taka calI jAegI, phira usa sUcI ko chahoM dizAoM meM ghumAeMge to vaha loka sahita aloka meM loka jitane aMsakhya khaNDa haiM, unako sparza karegI arthAt loka jitane vyApaka asaMkhyeya AkAza khaMDoM kA atikramaNa kara aloka meM jA kara Thahara jAtI hai| vaha sUcI loka- aloka ke jitane kSetra ko sparza karatI hai, utanA kSetra avadhijJAna kA utkRSTa kSetra hotA hai| yaha kSetra aloka meM loka pramANa asaMkhyeya AkAzakhaNDa jitanA hai| 24 isa zreNI ko chahoM dizAoM meM ghumAne meM avadhijJAnI ke zarIra jitanA kSetra aura bar3ha jaayegaa| isa prakAra utkRSTa avadhi kA kSetra thor3A lambA gola bnegaa| kyoMki puruSa kI U~cAI adhika aura jAr3AI - caur3AI kama hotI hai| 1 prazna - uparyukta varNana ke anusAra avadhijJAnI kA utkRSTa viSaya aloka meM loka samAna asaMkhya khaNDa jAnane jitanA hai evaM dUsarI ora avadhijJAnI rUpI dravya ko hI jAnatA - dekhatA hai| kintu aloka meM to rUpI dravya nahIM hote haiM phira avadhijJAna kA itanA utkRSTa viSaya kSetra lene se kyA lAbha hai? athavA kisI jIva ko loka pramANa avadhijJAna hotA hai usake bAda yadi usake pariNAma uttarottara vizuddha hote haiM to usake avadhikSetra meM bhI vRddhi hotI hai, vaha vRddhi aloka ke kSetra meM hotI hai to aisI vRddhi kA kyA lAbha, kyoMki aloka meM to avadhi ke viSaya rUpa rUpI pudgala nahIM haiM ? avadhijJAnI ghumAyA gayA kSetra

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [319] uttara - yahA~ para avadhijJAna kA jitanA viSaya kSetra kahA hai, vaha kevala usake sAmarthya mAtra ko batAne ke lie kahA hai| itane kSetra meM jo dekhane yogya rUpI dravya haiM unhIM ko dekhatA hai| aloka meM rUpI dravya nahIM hone se avadhijJAnI aloka meM nahIM dekhatA hai lekina jaise-jaise avadhijJAna kSetra kA loka ke bAhara kA bar3hatA hai to isase loka meM usakI sUkSma se sUkSmatara rUpI pudgaloM ko dekhane kI zakti bar3hatI hai aura bar3hate-bar3hate paramAvadhi jJAnI to paramANu ko bhI dekha letA hai aura bar3hate-bar3hate jaba jIva ko carama sImA sarvotkRSTa avadhijJAna (paramAvadhi) ho jAtA hai| sarvotkRSTa avadhijJAna hone para jIva ko aMtarmuhUrta meM kevalajJAna kI prApti ho jAtI haiN| yaha isakA vAstavika phala hai|125 isI bAta kA samarthana malayagiri126 ne bhI kiyA hai| SaTakhaNDAgama meM bhI aisA hI ullekha prApta hotA hai, kintu avadhi kA utkRSTa kSetra sarvAvadhi jitanA hai, kyoMki paramAvadhi ke bAda SaTkhaNDAgama meM sarvAvadhi ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| lekina sarvAvadhi kA bheda Avazyakaniyukti, vizeSAvaSyakabhASya aura naMdIsUtra Adi meM prApta nahIM hotA hai| akalaMka ne sarvAvadhi kA kSetra pramANa paramAvadhi ke utkRSTa kSetra se anaMtaguNA batAkara SaTkhaNDAgama kA samarthana kiyA hai|128 jinabhadragaNi ne isI prasaMga para kSetra kI apekSA se kAla kA varNana bhI kiyA hai ki itanA kSetra dekhane vAlA avadhijJAna itane bhUta-bhaviSya rUpa kAla ko jAnatA hai| aisA hI varNana naMdIsUtra, malayagiri Adi ne bhI kiyA hai, sAtha hI digambara sAhitya meM bhI lagabhaga aisA hI ullekha prApta hotA hai| phira bhI donoM paramparAoM meM kucha matabheda hai, usako nimna cArTa ke dvArA darzAyA gayA hai| nimna varNana Avazyakaniyukti 30 aura SaTkhaNDAgama31 ke AdhAra para diyA gayA hai| kra. kSetra zvetAmbara paramparA meM kAla digambara paramparA meM kAla 1. aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga AvalikA kA asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga paryanta dekhatA hai samAna 2. aMgula ke saMkhyAtaveM bhAga AvalikA kA saMkhyAtaveM bhAga paryanta dekhatA hai samAna 3. aMgula pramANa kSetra taka AvalikA ke antarbhAga paryanta dekhatA hai samAna 4. aMgula pRthaktva(2-9)kSetrataka AvalikA paryanta dekhatA hai samAna 5. hAtha pramANa kSetra taka antarmuhUrta pramANa dekhatA hai pRthaktva AvalikA (7-8AvalikA) 6. gAU pramANa kSetra taka divasa antarbhAva paryanta dekhatA hai antarmuhUrta (sAdhika ucchvAsa) 7. yojana pramANa kSetra taka divasa pRthaktva paryanta dekhatA hai bhinnamuhUrta (ekasamaya kama muhUrta) 8. 25 yojana kSetra taka pakSAnta bhAga taka dekhatA hai divasaaMto(ekadina meM kucha kama 9. bharata kSetra taka arddhamAsa taka dekhatA hai samAna 10. jaMbUdvIpa taka eka mAsa adhika dekhatA hai samAna 11. manuSyaloka taka eka varSa paryanta dekhatA hai samAna 12. rucakadvIpa taka pRthaktva varSa paryanta dekhatA hai samAna 13. saMkhyAtadvIpa taka saMkhyAta kAla paryanta dekhatA hai samAna 14. asaMkhyAtadvIpa taka asaMkhyAta kAla paryanta dekhatA hai samAna 124. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 598-601, 603-604 125. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 605-606 126. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 93 127. SaTkhaNDAgama, pR. 13, sUtra 5.5.59 gAthA 15 pR. 324 128.srvaavdhiruucyte-asNkhyeyaanaamsNkhyey-bhedtvaadutkRssttprmaavdhikssetrmsNkhyeylokgunnitmsykssetr|-tttvaarthraajvaartik, 1.22 pR. 57 129. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 608 se 614 130. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 32 se 35, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 608 se 610, 615 131. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.59 gAthA 4 se 7

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[320] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana Upara cArTa meM kSetra ke anusAra kAla batAyA hai| udAharaNa ke lie bharata kSetra ko jAnane vAlA kAla se ardhamAsa ke kAla ko jAnatA hai arthAt usa kSetra meM rahe hue rUpI padArtha kI ardhamAsa jitanI bhUta kI aura ardhamAsa jitanI bhaviSya kI paryAya ko jAnatA hai| bharatakSetra kahane se mAtra bharata kSetra hI nahIM samajha kara bharatakSetra jitanI lambAI aura cauDAI vAle kSetra ko samajhanA caahie| isa kathana ko sabhI kSetra aura kAla ke sAtha jor3anA caahie| aisA hI varNana naMdIsUtra Adi AgamoM meM bhI prApta hotA hai| lekina Avazyakaniyukti meM varNita kAla se SaTkhaNDAgama meM varNita kAla meM cAra bhinnatA hai jinakA cArTa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| gommaTasAra32 meM bhI SaTkhaNDAgama jaisA hI varNana hai| yahA~ kSetra aura kAla ko dekhane ke lie jo kathana hai ki vaha upacAra se hai, kyoMki kSetra aura kAla ye donoM amUrtika haiN| inheM avadhijJAnI nahIM jAna sakatA hai, kyoMki avadhijJAna kA viSaya rUpI padArtha hai, isalie yahA~ aisA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai ki avadhijJAnI kSetra aura kAla ko itane-itane rUpa meM jAnatA hai arthAt utane kSetra aura kAla meM rahe hue rUpI padArthoM ko jAnatA hai| isI prakAra varNita kSetra meM jo jo kAla batAyA hai vaha samajha lenA caahie| yahA~ jo kAla meM pRthaktva zabda AyA hai, siddhAMtakAra usameM do se nau paryaMta kI saMkhyA kA grahaNa karate haiN|33 avadhijJAnI uparyukta jitane kSetra ko dekhatA hai usake sAtha itane kAla meM rahe hue rUpI dravya ke bhUta aura bhaviSya ko jAnatA hai| varNana cArTa ke anusAra jaannaa| prazna - avadhijJAnI jaba kSetra se bharata-kSetra pramANa pudgaloM ko jAnate aura dekhate haiM, taba kAla se 15 dina paryaMta kI pudgala-paryAya ko jAnate aura dekhate haiM, so yaha pandraha dina atIta ke yA bhaviSyat ke yA sAr3he sAta dina atIta ke aura sAr3he sAta anAgata ke, yaha kisa prakAra hai? uttara - sampUrNa bharata-kSetra pramANa avadhi vAle ke jo kAla maryAdA batalAI hai, so pandraha dina hI atItakAla ke tathA pandraha dina hI anAgata kAla ke samajhanA caahiye| aisA khulAsA naMdI sUtra kI TIkA meM hai| isa prakAra jahA~-jahA~ avadhijJAna kI jitanI-jitanI maryAdA batalAI hai vahA~ utanA hI bhUtakAla tathA utanA hI bhaviSyat kAla samajha lenA caahiye| prazna - pUrva-pazcAt paryAya rUpI hote hue bhI vaha naSTa hone ke bAda puna: utpanna nahIM hotI hai, to phira avidhajJAnI bhUta-bhaviSya kI paryAya ko jAnatA hai? uttara - pUrva-pazcAt paryAya naSTa hone ke bAda punaH utpanna nahIM hotI hai to bhI avadhijJAnI vartamAna paryAya ke mAdhyama se una paryAyoM ko jAna sakate haiN| avadhi se bhUta-bhaviSya kAla meM hone vAle rUpI dravyoM kI paryAyeM vartamAna samaya meM dRSTigocara ho jAtI hai| avadhijJAna ke kSetra kA nApa avadhijJAna ke isa kSetra kA nApa kaunase aMgula se karanA, isake lie donoM paramparAoM meM matabheda haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM avadhijJAna kA kSetra pramANAMgula se nApA jAtA hai| avadhijJAna ke viSaya ke lie 'aMgulamAvaliyANaM 34' meM aMgula zabda se pramANa aMgula kA grahaNa karanA caahie| kyoMki malayagiri ke anusAra "aMgulamiha kSetrAdhikArAt pramANAMgulamabhigRhyate, anye tvaahuHavdhydhikaaraadutsedhaanglmiti|"135 sAdhAraNatayA kSetra viSayaka hone se avadhi kA kSetra pramANAMgula se hI ginanA cAhie kyoMki Age jo bharatAdi kSetra batAyA hai, vaha pramANAMgula se hI hai| jaghanya 132. gommaTasAra (jIvakAMDa) bhAga 2 gAthA 404-407 133. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 608-616 134. naMdIsUtra, pR. 37 135. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 93

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [321] avadhi trisamayAhAraka sUkSmanigoda ke tulya hone se utsedhAMgula se bhI samajha sakate haiM, kyoMki jIvoM kI avagAhanA utsedhAMgula se nApI jAtI hai| lekina kAla ke sAtha tulanA meM to pramANAMgula hI samajhanA caahie| ataH avadhijJAna kA jo viSaya kSetra hai use bhI pramANAMgula se hI grahaNa karanA caahie| digambara paramparA meM avadhi ke kacha viSaya kSetra ko utsedha aMgala se ginate haiM aura kucha kSetra ko pramANAMgula se| isakA varNana isa prakAra hai ki jadhanya avadhijJAna kA viSaya kSetra jo jadhanya avagAhanA ke samAna ghanAMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga mAtra kahA hai, jo utsedhAMgula (vyavahAra aMgula) kI apekSA se hai, pramANa aMgula yA AtmAMgula kI apekSA nahIM, kyoMki sUkSma nigoda labdhyaparyAptaka kI jaghanya avagAhanA pramANa jaghanya dezAvadhi kA kSetra hai aura paramAgama meM yaha niyama kahA hai ki zarIra, ghara, grAma, nagara Adi kA pramANa utsedhAMgula se hI mApA jAtA hai| isalie vyavahAra aMgula kA hI Azraya liyA hai| gommaTasAra (gAthA 404 Adi) meM avadhi ke kSetra aura kAla ko lekara unnIsa kANDakoM meM aMgula kA pramANa pramANAMgula se nApA hai aura usase Age jo bhI hasta, gavyUti, yojana, bharata Adi pramANa kSetra kahA hai, vaha saba pramANAMgula se hI liyA hai| lekina deva, nArakI, tiryaMca aura manuSya ke utsedha (U~cAI) ke kathana ke atirikta anyatra sabhI jagaha pramANa aMgula kA grahaNa karanA caahie| aisA guru kA upadeza hai|37 uparyukta varNana ke AdhAra para avadhijJAna ke kSetra kA nApa pramANAMgula se hI lenA jyAdA ucita hai| aMgula ke tIna prakAra ke hote haiM -1. AtmAMgula 2. utsedhAMgula aura 3. prmaannaaNgul| inake svarUpa kA varNana dvitIya adhyAya (jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya) ke prasaMga para kiyA jA cukA hai|38 dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva kI vRddhi avadhijJAna se dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva kA bhI saMbaMdha hotA hai athavA vardhamAna aura hIyamAna prakAra ke avidhajJAna meM dravyAdi se vRddhi-hAni hotI hai| Avazyakaniyukti, naMdIsUtra evaM vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM isa dRSTi se sUkSma pratipAdana huA hai| Avazyakaniyukti Adi ke anusAra avadhijJAna kI kAlavRddhi ke sAtha dravya, kSetra aura bhAva kI vRddhi bhI nizcita hotI hai| kSetra kI vRddhi meM kAla kI vRddhi kI bhajanA hai, jabaki dravya aura paryAya kI vRddhi meM kSetra aura kAla kI bhajanA hai kyoMki kAla Adi paraspara sUkSma se sUkSmatara hote haiN|39 arthAt kAla sUkSma hotA hai, usase kSetra sUkSmatara hotA hai, kyoMki eka aMgula zreNI meM jitane pradeza hote haiM, ve pradeza asaMkhyAta avasarpiNiyoM ke samaya ke barAbara hote haiN| kSetra se bhI dravya sUkSma hotA hai, kyoMki kSetra ke eka-eka AkAza pradeza para anaMta pradezI skaMdha dravya rahe hue haiN| dravya se bhAva aura adhika sUkSma hotA hai, kyoMki una skaMdhoM meM anaMta paramANu haiM, pratyeka paramANu meM varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza kI apekSA se anaMta paryAya haiN|40 136. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) bhAga 2 gAthA 381, pR. 626 137. SaTkhaNDAgama pR.13 sUtra 5.5.59 gAthA 4, pR. 304 138. dravyaSTa, dvitIya adhyAya (jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya) pR. 82-83 139. kAle cauNha vuDDI, kAlo bhaiyavvu khettvuddddiie| vuDDie davva-pajjava, bhaiyavvA khetta-kAlA u|| -yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra 20 pR. 38, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 617, SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.59 gAthA 8, pR. 309 140. suhUmo ya hoI kAlo, tatto suhumayaraM havai khettaM / / aMgulaseDhImitte ossappiNio asNkhejjaa|| - Avazyaka niyukti gAthA 36, yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra 21 pR. 38, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 621

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[322] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana kAla kI vRddhi jinabhadragaNi ne isa viSaya ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki avadhijJAna ke kAla kI vRddhi hone para dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva ina cAroM kI vRddhi avazya hotI hai| jaise ki kSayopazama ke kAraNa avadhijJAnI ke kAla kA mAtra eka hI 'samaya' bar3he to kSetra ke bahuta se pradeza bar3hate haiM aura kSetra kI vRddhi hone para dravya kI vRddhi avazya hotI hai, kyoMki pratyeka AkAza pradeza meM dravya kI pracuratA hotI hai aura dravya kI vRddhi hone para paryAyoM kI vRddhi hotI hai, kyoMki pratyeka dravya meM paryAyoM kI bahulatA hotI hai| aisA hI varNana haribhadra Adi AcAyoM ne kiyA hai| 42 dhavalATIkAkAra ne kAla kI vRddhi ke vikalpa ko svAbhAvika mAnA hai| 43 kAla kI sUkSmatA darzAne ke lie TIkAkAroM ne udAharaNa diyA hai, ki jaise kamala ke sau patte eka sAtha rakhe hue haiM aura yadi unako bhedanA hai to eka-eka patra ko bhedane meM asaMkhyAta samaya laga jAte haiN| 44 samaya itanA atisUkSma hotA hai ki jisase bhedane meM jo asaMkhyAta samaya lage, una samayoM ko bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM vibhAjita nahIM kara sakate haiN| kSetra kI vRddhi jaba avadhi ke dekhane yogya kSetra meM vRddhi hotI hai taba kAla meM vRddhi ho bhI sakatI hai aura nahIM bhii| kyoMki alpa kSetra kI vRddhi se kAla meM vRddhi nahIM hotI hai| yadi koI aisA mAne ki jaba kSetra meM pradeza Adi rUpa se vRddhi hotI hai to usa samaya meM kAla kI bhI niyama se samayAdi rUpa se vRddhi hotI hai, to jinabhadragaNi kahate hai ki aisA mAnane para kSetra meM aMgulamAtra zreNIrUpa bar3hane para asaMkhyAta avasarpiNI rUpa se kAla meM vRddhi ho jAegI, kyoMki Agama vacana hai ki 'aMgulaseDhImitte osappiNIo asaMkhejjA145 arthAt eka aMgulapramANa zreNI meM jitane pradeza haiM, una pradezoM meM se pratisamaya eka-eka pradeza nikAlA jAye to asaMkhyAta avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI kAla meM vaha sabhI pradeza nikalate haiM arthAt isa zreNI ke pradezoM ko khAlI karane meM asaMkhyAta avasarpiNI tathA utsasarpiNI bIta jAtI hai arthAt jitane pradeza aMgula pramANa zreNI meM hote haiM ve asaMkhyAta avasarpiNI kAla ke samayoM ke barAbara haiM, isalie aMgula pramANa kSetra bar3hatA hai to kAla asaMkhyAta utsarpiNI-avasarpiNI jitanA bar3ha jaayegaa|46 jo ki ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki AgamAnusAra aMgula pRthaktva kSetra ko jAnane vAlA avadhijJAnI kAla kI apekSA AvalikA paryanta kAla ko jAnatA hai,147 na ki asaMkhyAta avasarpiNI rUpa kAla ke bhUta-bhaviSya ko jAnatA hai| kAla dhIre-dhIre bar3hatA hai, kSetra zIghra bar3hatA hai| ataH kSetra bar3hane para kAla nahIM bhI bddh'e| paramAvadhi ke pAsa ekAdi pradeza bar3hane para kAla nahIM bar3hatA hai tathA paramAvadhi kA utkRSTa kAla ho gayA ho to mAtra kSetra hI bar3hegA, kAla nhiiN| haribhadra148 aura malayagiri ne naMdIvRtti meM bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai| malayagiri ne yahAM aMgula meM pramANa aMgula kA grahaNa kiyA hai| matAMtara se utsedhAMgula kA bhI ullekha hai|49 isalie kSetra kI vRddhi meM kAla kI vRddhi kI bhajanA hai tathA dravya aura paryAya avazya bar3hate haiN| 141. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 621 142. kSetrasya sUkSmatvAt kAlasya ca sthuultvaat| -hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti pR. 32 143. saabhaaviyaado| SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.59 gAthA 8, pR. 309 144. sUkSmazcazlakSNazca bhavati kAlaH, yasmAdutpalapatrazatabhede samayAH pratipatramasaMkhyeyAH prtipaaditaaH| tathApi tataH kAlAt sUkSmataraM bhavati kssetrm| - hAribhadrIya naMdIvRtti pR. 28, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 95 145. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 621, yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra 21 pR. 38 146. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 621 147. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 608 148. aGgulazreNimAtra kSetrapradezAgramasamaveyAvasarpiNI smyraashiprimaannmiti| - hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 28 149. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 93

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [323] dravya kI vRddhi avasthita kSetra evaM kAla meM tathAvidha zubha adhyavasAya se kSayopazama kI vRddhi hotI hai, to jJeya dravya bar3hatA hai, lekina kSetra aura kAla avasthita rahate haiM tathA dravya kI vRddhi hotI hai to paryAya kI vRddhi avazya hotI hai, kyoMki pratyeka dravya kI anaMta paryAya haiN| jaghanya se bhI eka eka dravya ke paryAya catuSTya ko avadhijJAnI jAnatA hai| paryAya kI vRddhi paryAya kI vRddhi hone se dravya kI vRddhi hotI bhI hai athavA nahIM bhI hotI hai kAraNa ki avasthita dravya meM tathAvidha kSayopazama kI vRddhi hone se paryAya hI bar3hatI hai| 50 aisA hI varNana haribhadra aura malayagiri ne kiyA bhI hai| 51 matAntara jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra paryAya vRddhi meM dravyAdi kI vRddhi bhajanA se hotI hai lekina akalaMka ke anusAra paryAya kI vRddhi meM dravya kI bhI vRddhi niyama se hotI hai| 52 isakA samarthana dhavalATIkAkAra ne bhI kiyA hai|53 uparyukta AdhAra se aisA kaha sakate haiM ki kAla Adi kI sthUlatA-sUkSmatA kI apekSA se vRddhi hone para jisakI vRddhi ho rahI hai usase pUrva vAle kI vRddhi bhajanA se hotI hai aura pazcAt vAle kI vRddhi niyama se hotI hai| jinabhadragaNi ne dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI sUkSmatA kA gaNita kI bhASA meM nirUpaNa kiyA hai -kAla sUkSma hai, kAla se kSetra asaMkhyAta guNA sUkSma hai, kSetra se dravya anaMtaguNA sUkSma hai aura dravya se paryAya saMkhyAtaguNA athavA asaMkhyAtaguNA sUkSma hai|154 jaise ki eka AvalikA meM cauthe asaMkhyAta jitane samaya hote haiM aura eka saikaNDa meM 5325 AvalikAeM hotI haiN| itanA sUkSma kAla bhI kSetra ke sAmane bAdara hai| dravya aura bhAva (paryAya) to usase bhI sUkSma hai| sUkSma kA artha uparyukta prasaMga meM sUkSmatA kA sambandha artha avagAhanA se nahIM hai, kyoMki AkAza kA eka pradeza, eka paramANu aura eka paryAya (paryava) ye sabhI avagAhanA meM samAna haiN| isalie yahA~ sUkSma kA artha - 'vyAghAta na pAne vAlA aura vyAghAta nahIM dene vAlA' aisA karanA caahie| eka AkAza pradeza para paramANu se lekara anaMta pradezI skaMdha dravya paraspara vyAghAta pahu~cAye binA rahate haiM aura paramANu se lekara anaMta pradezI skaMdha meM anaMta-anaMta paryAya paraspara vyAghAta pahu~cAye binA rahatI hai| avadhijJAnI ke jAnane yogya pudgala Avazyakaniyukti aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya155 ke anusAra jaba jIva ko avadhijJAna hotA hai to sarvaprathama dravya rUpa meM taijasa aura bhASA vargaNAoM ke bIca meM rahI huI ayogya vargaNAoM ko arthAt jo dravya taijasa aura bhASA ke yogya nahIM aise gurulaghu aura agurulaghu paryAyayukta dravya ko vaha avadhijJAnI jAnatA hai arthAt gurulaghu dravya (taijasa vargaNA ke samIpa ke dravya) se prAraMbha huA avadhijJAna bar3hatA-bar3hatA nIce ke audArika Adi gurulaghu dravyoM ko dekhakara vizuddha hotA hai| isameM 150. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 618-619 151. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti pR. 95 152. bhAvavRddhAvapi dravyavRddhirniyatA kSetrakAlavRddhirbhAjyA syAdvA na veti| - tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.22 pR.57 153. pajyavuDDIe vi NiyamA davvavuDDI dvvvdirittpjjaayaabhaavaado| - SaTkhaNDAgama, pR.13, sUtra 5.5.59 pR. 309 154. kAlo khettaM davvaM bhAvo ya jahuttaraM suhumbheyaa| thovA-saMkhA-NatA-saMkhA ya jmohivisymmi| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 623 155. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 37. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 623

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[324] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana koI avadhijJAnI bhASAdi agurulaghu dravyoM ko amuka samaya taka dekhatA huA gira jAtA hai| agurulaghu (bhASA vargaNA ke samIpa dravya se) dravya se AraMbha huA avadhi anukrama se Upara bar3hatA hai, lekina nIce kI ora nahIM bar3hatA hai, kyoMki vaha Upara ke hI bhASA dravyoM ke agurulaghu dravyoM ko dekhatA hai tathA koI avadhijJAna tathAvidha vizuddhivAlA hokara bar3hatA huA audArika Adi ke gurulaghu dravyoM ko aura bhASA vargaNA Adi ke agurulaghu dravyoM ko bhI eka sAtha dekhatA hai| 156 jinadAsagaNI, haribhadra, malayagiri ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai| 157 'teyA-bhAsAdavvANa, aMtarA ettha labhai paTThavao / gurulahu aguruyalahuyaM, taMpi ya teva niTThAi / 158 ke anusAra dravya kI apekSA taijasa aura bhASA vargaNA ke madhya meM ayogya dravya (jo donoM ke dvArA grahaNa karane yogya nahIM hai) una dravyoM ke skaMdhoM ko dekhane se avadhijJAna kA AraMbha hotA hai aura isI meM aMta hotA hai| isa gAthA meM taijasa aura bhASA ke bIca meM rahe hue dravyoM ko hI gurulaghu aura agurulaghu dravya kahA gayA hai, to uparyukta varNana meM audArika Adi dravyoM ko gurulaghu aura agurulaghu dravya kyoM kahA hai ? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki ATha sparza vAle bAdara rUpI dravya gurulaghu aura cAra sparza vAle sUkSma rUpI dravya tathA amUrta AkAzAdika agurulaghu hote haiN| 59 Avazyakaniryukti ke anusAra audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka aura taijasa ke dravya sthUla aura gurulaghu dravya hai aura kArmaNa, bhASA, zvAsocchvAsa, manodravya, anya paramANu, dvayaNuka Adi tathA AkAza Adi sUkSma aura agurulaghu dravya arthAt cAra sparza vAle haiN|160 Avazyakaniryukti'' meM varNita viSaya ke AdhAra para jinabhadra kA anusaraNa kara maladhArI hemacandrasUri ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki - audArikazarIra, vaikriyazarIra, AhArakazarIra, taijasazarIra, bhASAvargaNA, AnapAna (zvAsocchvAsa) vargaNA, manovargaNA, kArmaNazarIra, taijasa dravya, bhASAdravya, AnapAna ( zvAsocchvAsa) dravya, manodravya, karmadravya, dhruvavargaNA Adi uttarottara sUkSma haiN| isa prakAra kArmaNa zarIra kI apekSA taijasa dravya sUkSma hai kyoMki baddha kI apekSA abaddha dravya vizeSa sUkSma hotA hai| jaise-eka laDDU ko dekhanA jitanA sarala hai utanA usakI eka-eka bUMdI ko dekhanA kaThina bhI hai| avadhijJAnI uparyukta varNita vargaNA aura dravyoM ko jitanA jitanA adhika dekhane meM krama se Age bar3hatA hai, utanA utanA vaha uttarottara bar3hate pramANa meM kSetra aura kAla ko dekhatA hai| aisA hI varNana dhavalATIkA 162 meM bhI kiyA hai| Avazyakaniryukti ke anusAra avadhijJAnI taijasa zarIra se prAraMbha hokara bhASAdravya taka jitane jitane dravyoM ko dekhatA huA Age bar3hatA hai, vaha kSetra se asaMkhyAta dvIpa - samudra aura kAla se palyopama kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga uttarottara adhika dekhatA hai / SaTkhaNDAgama 63 se Avazyakaniryukti meM vizeSa kahA hai ki jo avadhijJAnI taijasa zarIra ke pudgaloM ko dekhatA hai, to vaha kAla se bhava pRthaktva (29) bhavoM ko dekhatA hai, usa bhava pRthaktva ke madhya kisI bhava meM yadi use avadhijJAna utpanna huA ho to usa avadhijJAna se dRSTa pUrvabhavoM kI use smRti hotI hai, unakA sAkSAt nahIM hotaa| isase Age bar3hate-bar3hate avadhijJAnI manodravyoM ko dekhatA hai taba vaha loka aura palyopama kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga dekhatA hai|164 isa prakAra kramazaH Age bar3hatA huA vaha dhruvavargaNAoM ko dekhatA hai| aMta meM avadhi kI 156. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 655-656 158. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 627 160. Avazyakaniryukti gAthA 41, vizeSAvaSyakabhASya gAthA 658 161. Avazyakaniryukti, gAthA 41, 42 163. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.59, gAthA 9, pR. 311 157. naMdIMcUrNi pR.34, hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti pR. 34, malayagiri naMdIvRtti pR. 97 159. dravya lokaprakAza sarga, 11 zloka 24 162. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, pR. 310-313 164. Avazyakaniryukti gAthA 44, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gA0 677

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [325] carama sImA taka pahuMca jAtA hai| 65 paramAvadhijJAnI meM paramANu, kArmaNa zarIra aura agurUlaghu dravyoM ko dekhane kI zakti hotI hai| uparyukta dravyoM ko jAnane vAlA avadhijJAnI avadhijJAnAvaraNa karma ke udaya ke kAraNa patita hotA hai taba yahI kahA jAtA hai ki gurulaghu Adi svarUpa ko prApta hue dravyoM se gira jAtA hai| yaha nyAya pratipAti avadhijJAna ke lie haiM, lekina isakA artha yaha nahIM mAnanA cAhie ki vaha giratA hI hai| avadhijJAna girane vAlA hai to prAraMbha meM jo dravya dekhA thA, usa dravya ko hI aMta meM dekhakara gira jAtA hai|67 prazna - dravya se avadhijJAnI jaghanya se ananta rUpI dravya (ananta-pradezI skaMdha) jAnate haiM aura utkRSTa se sarva rUpI dravya ko jAnate haiN| sarvarUpI dravya meM paramANu bhI zAmila hai| yahA~ jaghanya meM paramANu nahIM lekara ananta-pradezI skaMdha liye haiM, so isakA kyA kAraNa hai? uttara - yahA~ jaghanya dravya kI apekSA nahIM samajha kara avadhijJAna kI apekSA samajhanA arthAt choTe se choTe avadhijJAnI kI yaha choTI zakti batAI hai, phira avadhijJAna jitanA adhika hotA hai utanI hI isase sUkSma pudgala dekhane kI zakti bar3hatI hai| uparyukta kathanAnusAra avadhijJAnI ke rUpI dravya kA viSaya audArika Adi vargaNAeM haiN| isa prasaMga ke nimitta se Avazyakaniyukti aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM vargaNAoM ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, jo nimna prakAra se haiM - vargaNAoM kA svarupa paramANu se lekara skaMdharUpa pudgaloM se sampUrNa loka bharA huA hai| yaha pudgala aneka bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai| ina aneka bhAgoM meM samAna jAti ke pudgaloM ke samUha ko vargaNA kahate haiN| samUha, varga aura rAzi isake paryAya haiN| 68 vargaNA kA svarUpa samajhAne ke lie bhASyakAra ne kuvikarNa (kucikarNa) kA udAharaNa diyA hai - isa bharata kSetra ke magadha deza meM bahuta gAyoM ke maNDala kA svAmI kuvikarNa (kucikarNa) nAmaka gRhapati (seTha) rahatA thaa| kuvikarNa ne gAyoM kI saMkhyA adhika hone se hajAra, dasa hajAra Adi saMkhyA meM gAyoM ke samUha bnaaye| una samUhoM kA pAlana aura saMrakSaNa karane ke lie pRthaka-pRthak gvAloM ko sauMpa diyaa| ve gvAle una gAyoM ko eka hI sthAna para eka sAtha carAne ke lie le jAte the| jisase bahuta sI bAra eka samUha kI gAyeM dUsare samUha meM mila jAtI thii| jisase gvAle apane-apane samUha kI gAyoM ko pahacAna nahIM pAne ke kAraNa 'yaha gAya merI hai, tumhArI nahIM hai' isa prakAra se pratidina jhagar3A karate the| kuvikarNa ne gvAloM ke jhagar3e ko miTAne ke lie sapheda-kAlI-nIlI-lAla-citakabarI Adi bhinna-bhinna varNa vAlI gAyoM ke bhinna-bhinna samUha banAkara gvAloM ko punaH sauMpa diyaa| isase gvAloM kA jhagar3A samApta ho gyaa| isI prakAra tIrthakara bhagavAn gRhapati, ziSya gvAle aura gAyoM ke samUha ke samAna pudgalAstikAya hai| bhagavAn ne ziSyoM para anugraha kara pudgalAstikAya kI sahI pahacAna karAne ke lie pudgalavargaNAoM ke bheda kara diye haiN| isI pramANa se sampUrNa loka pudgaloM se bharA huA hai, usameM sajAtIya pudgala paramANu ke samUha ko audArika Adi vargaNA kahate haiN|169 165. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 672 166. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 41-43 167. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 627-629 168. sajAtIyavastusamudAyo vargaNA, samUho varga, rAzi: iti pryaayaaH|-mldhaarii hemacandra, vize0 bhA0 bRhadvRtti, gAthA 633, pR. 278 169. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 39, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 632 kI bRhadvRtti

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana Avazyakaniyukti kI vRtti meM sAmAnyatayA vargaNA ke cAra prakAra batAye haiM kAlataH aura bhAvataH 1170 dravyavargaNA [326] dravyataH, kSetrataH, samasta lokAkAza ke pradezoM para avasthita eka - eka paramANuoM kI eka vargaNA hai| do paramANu ke saMyoga se bane skaMdhoM kI dUsarI vargaNA hai| tripradezI skaMdhoM kI tIsarI vargaNA hai| isa prakAra se eka-eka paramANu bar3hate-bar3hate saMkhyAta pradezI skaMdha kI saMkhyAtI vargaNAeM hai| inameM pratyeka paramANu kI ekottara vRddhi se asaMkhyAta pradezI skaMdha kI asaMkhyAtI vargaNA aura phira pratyeka paramANu kI ekottara vRddhi se anaMta pradezI skaMdha ke samUha kI anaMtI vargaNA hotI hai| 71 dravya vargaNA ke prakAra Avazyaka niyukti 72 aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya 73 meM dravya vargaNA ATha prakAra kI batAI hai, yathA audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa, bhASA, zvAsocchvAsa, mana aura kArmaNa ina ATha vargaNAoM meM anukrama se dravya samUha to adhika aura kSetra meM isase viparIta krama hai arthAt krama se kSetra sUkSma hai| audArika zarIra vargaNA - eka se lekara anaMta pradezI skaMdha vargaNAeM alpa paramANu vAlI hone se jIva dvArA grahaNa nahIM kI jAtI haiM, isalie inheM agrahaNa vargaNA kahate haiN| 174 grahaNa vargaNA abhavya jIvoM kI rAzi se anaMta guNA aura siddha jIvoM kI rAzi ke anaMtaveM bhAga pramANa paramANuoM se jo skaMdha banate haiM arthAt jina skaMdhoM meM itane paramANu hote haiM ki ve skaMdha jIva ke dvArA grahaNa karane yogya hote haiM, jIva unheM grahaNa karake apane audArika zarIra rUpa pariNamatA hai, isalie una skaMdhoM ko audArika vargaNA kahate haiM / jo audArika zarIra ke grahaNa karane yogya vargaNA nahIM haiM, una vargaNA meM pratyeka pradeza kI vRddhi se tathAvidha viziSTa pariNAma se pariNata aisI anaMta pradezI skaMdha kI anaMtI vargaNAeM audArika zarIra ke grahaNa karane yogya haiM arthAt audArika zarIra ko utpanna karane yogya haiM / audArika zarIra ke grahaNa yogya vargaNAoM meM yaha vargaNA sabase jaghanya hotI hai| usake bAda grahaNa karane yogya anaMtI vargaNAeM hotI hai, ataH audArika zarIra ke grahaNa yogya jaghanya vargaNA se anaMtaveM bhAga adhika paramANu vAlI audArika zarIra ke grahaNa yogya utkRSTa vargaNA hotI hai / utkRSTa vargaNAoM ke Upara eka-eka pradeza kI vRddhi hote hote punaH audArika zarIra ke grahaNa ke ayogya aisI anaMta vargaNAeM hotI haiN| kyoMki ye vargaNAeM adhika pradeza vAlI evaM sUkSma hone se audArika zarIra ke grahaNa yogya nahIM hotI hai| isa prakAra audArika zarIra kI vargaNA tIna prakAra kI hai- pahalI agrahaNa vargaNA, dUsarI grahaNa vargaNA aura tIsarI agrahaNa vargaNA / vaikriya zarIra vargaNA - audArika zarIra ke agrahaNa yogya utkRSTa vargaNA ke Upara eka-eka pradeza kI vRddhi hotI hai lekina yaha vaikriya zarIra ke agrahaNa yogya hai, kyoMki ye vargaNAeM alpa pradeza vAlI aura sthUla hone se vaikriya zarIra ke bhI grahaNa karane yogya nahIM hotI haiN| kevala vaikriya zarIra ke grahaNa yogya vargaNA ke samIpa hone se usake jaisI dikhatI hai| ataH vaha vaikriya zarIra agrahaNa yogya vargaNA kahalAtI hai| isa prakAra Age kI vargaNAoM meM bhI jAna lenA cAhie / 170. vargaNAH sAmAnyatazcaturvidhA bhavanti, tadyathA - dravyata: kSetrataH kAlato bhAvatazca / Avazyakaniryukti malayagirivRtti pR. 57 171. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 633, 634 172. orAla-viutvA-hAra - teya - bhAsA - NupANa-maNa-kamme / aha davvavaggaNANaM kamo vivajjAsao khette / Avazyakaniryukti gA0 39 173. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 631 174. paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, karmagraMtha bhAga 5 pR. 207

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [327] vaikriya agrahaNa yogya utkRSTa vargaNAoM ke Upara pratyeka pradeza kI vRddhi hote hue vaikriya ke lAyaka dravya se banI huI hone se vaikriya zarIra ke grahaNa yogya jaghanya vargaNA hotI hai| eka-eka pradeza kI vRddhi se vaikriya ke grahaNa yogya utkRSTa vargaNA hotI hai| vaikriya ke grahaNa yogya utkRSTa vargaNA meM eka-eka pradeza kI vRddhi se jaghanya tathA utkRSTa vaikriya ke agrahaNa yogya vargaNA hotI hai| yaha vargaNA bahuta dravya se aura sUkSma pariNAmI hone se vaikriya ke grahaNa yogya nahIM hotI hai| vaikriya ke agrahaNa yogya utkRSTa vargaNAoM ke Upara eka-eka pradeza kI vRddhi hotI hai jisase yaha vargaNA (Upara kI apekSA) alpa dravya se banI huI aura sthUla pariNAma vAlI hone se AhAraka zarIra ke agrahaNa yogya anaMtI vargaNAeM haiN| ina agrahaNa yogya vargaNAoM ke Upara eka-eka pradeza kI vRddhi se AhAraka zarIra ke grahaNa yogya anaMtI vargaNAeM hai| ina grahaNa yogya vargaNAoM se Upara ekaeka pradeza kI vRddhi hote hue bahuta se dravya se banI huI ati sUkSma pariNAmavAlI hone se AhAraka zarIra ke agrahaNa yogya anaMtI vargaNAeM haiN| ataH vaikriya aura AhAraka zarIra kI bhI vargaNAeM tIna prakAra kI haiM - agrahaNa vargaNA, grahaNa vargaNA aura agrahaNa vrgnnaa|| isI prakAra taijasa, bhASA, zvAsocchvAsa, mana aura kArmaNa vargaNAoM ke bhI ayogya, yogya aura punaH ayogya vargaNA rUpa tIna-tIna bheda samajhane caahie| ye sabhI vargaNAeM anaMta hotI hai|75 isa prakAra ATha vargaNAoM ko ayogya, yogya aura punaH ayogya isa prakAra tIna bheda se guNA karane para 24 bheda hote haiN| ATha grahaNa yogya vargaNA aura ATha agrahaNa yogya vargaNA hotI hai| ina solaha vargaNAoM meM pratyeka ke jaghanya aura utkRSTa do mukhya vikalpa hote haiM aura jaghanya tathA utkRSTa ko chor3akara madhyama ke anaMta vikalpa hote haiN| grahaNa vargaNA ke jaghanya se usakA utkRSTa anaMtaveM bhAga adhika aura agrahaNa vargaNA ke jaghanya se usakA utkRSTa anantaguNA adhika hotA hai|76 dravya vargaNA kA pariNAma jaise rUI, lakar3I miTTI, patthara aura lohe ko amuka (nizcita) parimANa meM lene para bhI rUI se lakar3I kA, lakar3I se miTTI, miTTI se patthara aura patthara se lohe kA AkAra kramazaH choTA hotA jAtA hai| krama se AkAra choTA hone para bhI ye vastueM uttarottara Thosa aura vajanI hotI jAtI haiM arthAt Age-Age kI vargaNAoM meM pradezoM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI jAtI hai, kiMtu unakA AkAra sUkSma-sUkSmatara hotA jAtA hai| vaise hI audArika vargaNA se vaikriya vargaNA meM anaMtaguNA paramANu adhika hote haiN| isa prakAra AhAraka, taijasa, bhASA, zvAsocchvAsa, mana aura kArmaNa vargaNAoM meM anukrama se anaMta-anaMtaguNA paramANu hote haiN| yaha krama dravya kI apekSA se hai| kSetra kI apekSA se isake viparIta hotA hai| kArmaNa vargaNA kA avagAhanA kSetra sabase kama, usakI apekSA mana vargaNA kA avagAhana kSetra asaMkhyAta guNA arthAt jitane AkAza pradezoM ko eka kArmaNa vargaNA avagAhita karake rahatI hai usase asaMkhyAta guNA AkAza pradezoM para mana prayogya eka vargaNA rahatI hai| isI prakAra mana se zvAsocchvAsa, isase bhASA, isase taijasa yAvat audArika vargaNAoM kA avagAhana kSetra asaMkhyAta-asaMkhyAta guNA adhika-adhika hai|180 175. vizeSAvaSyakabhASya, gAthA 633-636 176. karmagraMtha bhAga 5, pR. 211 177. karmagrantha bhAga 5 pR. 212 178. aha davya vaggaNANaM kamo - paMcasaMgraha (baMdhakaraNa prarUpaNA adhikAra) bhAga 6, gAthA 15 pR. 38 179. 'vivajjAsao rivatte' paMcasaMgraha, bhAga 6, gAthA 15 pR. 38 180. paMcasaMgraha, bhAga 6, gAthA 15 pR. 48

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[328] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana prazna - avadhijJAnI manovargaNAoM ko jAnate haiM to kyA dUsaroM ke mana kI bAta ko jAna sakate uttara - bhagavatI sUtra zataka 5 uddezaka 4 ke anusAra kSetra se loka kA saMkhyAtavA~ bhAga aura kAla se palyopama kA saMkhyAtavAM bhAga jAnane vAle avadhijJAnI ko bhI dUsaroM ke mana kI bAta jAnane kI labdhi ho jAtI hai| usa manodravya-vargaNA kI labdhi se ve dUsaroM ke mana kI bAta jAna lete haiN| jo mana kI bAta ko jAne, use manodravya-vargaNA-labdhi kahate haiM aura yaha vizeSa avadhijJAna vAloM ko hI hotI hai, manovargaNA labdhi mAtra manuSya aura vaimAnika ko hI hotI hai| devoM meM to samyagdRSTi vaimAnika ke atirikta zeSa ko nahIM hotii| sAgaropama kI sthiti vAle asura ko manovargaNA labdhi nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki prajJApanAsUtra ke cauMtIsaveM pada ke anusAra ve AhAra ke pudgaloM ko bhI jAna aura dekha nahIM sakate haiM to manovagarNA kI labdhi kaise ho sakatI hai? uparyukta ATha vargaNA hI jIva ke grahaNa karane yogya hotI hai| karmagraMtha bhAga 5 meM ATha prakAra kI vargaNAoM kA hI varNana milatA hai, lekina Avazyakaniyukti 1 aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya182 paMcasaMgraha183 gommaTasAra184 meM ina ATha vargaNAoM se Upara kI vargaNAoM kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai| Avazyakaniyukti ke anusAra hI vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM bhI kArmaNa vargaNA kI agrahaNa vargaNA ke Upara dhruva, adhruva, zUnya aura azUnya anaMtI vargaNAeM haiN| isake bAda cAra dhruvAntara (prathama, dvitIya, tRtIya aura caturtha) aura cAra zarIra (tanu) vargaNAeM (audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka aura taijasa) evaM inake Upara mizraskandha vargaNA aura acittamahAskaMdha vargaNA hai| isa prakAra jIva ke agrahaNa yogya 14 vargaNAeM haiN| isa prakAra kula vargaNAeM 22 (jIva ke grahaNa yogya 8 aura jIva ke agrahaNa yogya 14) hotI haiN| paMcasaMgraha ke anusAra - kArmaNa vargaNA ke pazcAt yathAkrama se dhruvAcitta, adhruvAcitta, zUnya vargaNA, pratyekazarIra, dhruvazUnya, bAdaranigoda, dhruvazUnya, sUkSmanigoda, dhruvazUnya, mahAskaMdhavargaNA haiN| ye sabhI vargaNAeM apane apane sArthaka nAma vAlI haiN| isa prakAra pUrva meM audArika Adi ATha vargaNAeM aura dhruvAcitta Adi dasa vargaNAeM isa prakAra kula aThAraha vargaNAoM kA varNana paMcasaMgraha meM milatA hai|85 gommaTasAra ke anusAra - gommaTasAra meM aNuvargaNA, saMkhyAtANuvargaNA, asaMkhyAtANuvargaNA, anaMtANuvargaNA, AhAravargaNA, agrAhyavargaNA, taijasazarIravargaNA, agrAhyavargaNA, bhASAvargaNA, agrAhyavargaNA, manovargaNA, agrAhyavargaNA, kArmaNavargaNA, dhruvavargaNA, sAntaranirantara vargaNA, zUnyavargaNA, pratyekazarIra vargaNA, dhruvazUnya vargaNA, bAdaranigoda vargaNA, zUnyavargaNA, sUkSmanigoda vargaNA, nabhovargaNA, mhaaskNdhvrgnnaa| ina 23 prakAra kI vargaNAoM kA varNana gommaTasAra meM prApta hotA hai|186 gommaTasAra meM uparyukta jo 23 prakAra kI vargaNA batAI hai usameM audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa, bhASA, zvAsocchvAsa, mana aura kArmaNa ina ATha vargaNAoM meM se pA~ca vargaNAeM mAnI hI haiM arthAt audArika, vaikriya aura AhAraka ina tIna vargaNAoM ke sthAna para eka AhAra vargaNA lI gaI hai aura zvAsocchvAsa vargaNA ko nahIM liyA gayA hai| isa prakAra ATha kI apekSA pAMca hI vargaNA ginI hai| karmaprakRti 87 meM bhI gommaTasAra ke anusAra hI varNana milatA hai| 181. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 40 182. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 638-642 183. paMcasaMgraha (baMdhakaraNa-prarUpaNA adhikAra) bhAga 6, gAthA 16 184. gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa, gAthA 594 185. kammovariM dhuveyara suMtA patteya sunna baadrgaa| sunnA suhame sunnA mahakkhaMdho saguNanAmAo / - paMcasaMgraha, bhAga 6, gAthA 16 186. gommaTasAra (jIvakAMDa) bhAga 2, gAthA 594 pR. 822 187. karmaprakRti baMdhakaraNa 18-20

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paMcama adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [329] vizeSAvazyakabhASya, karmagraMtha meM jo vargaNA kA svarUpa milatA hai vahI svarUpa gommaTasAra 188 meM bhI milatA hai| isa prakAra saMkhyA meM aMtara hone kA koI vizeSa kAraNa nahIM hai| nAma, bheda Adi se isa prakAra kI bhinnatA prApta hotI hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra dhruvAdi vargaNAoM kA svarUpa (1) dhruva vargaNA - dhruva vargaNA kA Azaya hai zAzvata arthAt jo vargaNAeM hamezA loka meM vidyamAna rahe use dhruva vargaNA kahate haiN| kArmaNa zarIra ke agrahaNa yogya utkRSTa vargaNA ke Upara eka paramANu adhika vAlI vargaNA jaghanya dhruva vargaNA hai| isa prakAra eka-eka paramANu bar3hatI huI ati sUkSma pariNAma vAlI anaMta skaMdhAtmaka utkRSTa dhruva vargaNA hai / dhruva vargaNA ke anaMta bheda hote haiN| dhruva vargaNA se pahale kahI huI audArika Adi ATha vargaNAoM ko bhI dhruva samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki ve vargaNAeM bhI hamezA loka meM rahatI haiM / dhruva vargaNAoM ko paMcasaMgraha meM dhruvAcitta kahate haiM / dhruva ke sAtha acitta vizeSaNa lagAne kA kAraNa yaha hai ki jina vargaNAoM ko jIva grahaNa karatA hai, ve vargaNA sacitta kahalAtI haiM, jaise audArika Adi / jina vargaNAoM ko jIva grahaNa nahIM karatA hai arthAt jo jIva ke sAtha kabhI saMbaMdhita nahIM hotI haiM, ve acitta vargaNAeM hotI haiM jaise dhruvAdi / dhruva vargaNA aura isake bAda kahI jAne vAlI adhruvAdi vargaNAeM bahuta dravya se banI huI aura ati sUkSma pariNAma vAlI hone se kisI bhI jIva ke audArika Adi bhAva se grahaNa karane yogya nahIM hotI hai| (2) adhruva vargaNA - jo vargaNAeM tathAvidha pudgala pariNAma kI vicitratA se kabhI loka meM hotI haiM aura kabhI nahIM hotI haiM, ve adhruva vargaNA hai / utkRSTa dhruva vargaNA se eka paramANu adhika vAlI jaghanya adhruva vargaNA hotI hai| isameM eka eka paramANu vRddhi se anta meM utkRSTa adhruva vargaNAeM hotI haiM / adhruva vargaNA ko sAMtara - niraMtara vargaNA bhI kahate haiM / ( 3 ) zUnyAMtara vargaNA - sAmAnyatayA jina vargaNAoM meM eka-eka pradeza kI vRddhi kabhI hotI hai kabhI nahIM hotI hai arthAt ye niraMtara eka-eka pradeza kI vRddhi vAlI nahIM hotI hai, ve zUnyAMtara vargaNA kahalAtI hai| utkRSTa adhruva vargaNA se eka paramANu adhika skaMdha kI jaghanya zUnya vargaNA hotI hai, isa prakAra eka, do, tIna yAvat paramANu skaMdha ke bar3hane se utkRSTa zUnya vargaNA hotI hai / ( 4 ) azUnyAMtara vargaNA - jo vargaNAeM loka meM niraMtara eka-eka pradeza kI vRddhi se bar3hatI hai| yaha vRddhi bIca meM nahIM rUkatI hai, ve azUnyAMtara vargaNA kahalAtI haiN| zUnyAMtara vargaNA se eka paramANu adhika kI jaghanya azUnya vargaNA hotI hai isameM eka eka paramANu skaMdha kI vRddhi hote hote aMta meM jo prApta hotI hai vaha utkRSTa azUnyAMtara vargaNA hotI hai / ( 5-8 ) dhruvAnantara azUnyAMtara vargaNAoM ke pazcAt cAra dhruvAnaMtara vargaNAeM hotI haiM jo hamezA rahane vAlI aura niraMtara ekottara vRddhi vAlI hotI hai| inakA pariNamana atyaMta sUkSma hotA hai aura ye pracura (bahuta) dravyoM se upacita ( banI huI) hai, ataH pUrva meM varNita dhruvavargaNAoM se bhinna hai| - prazna - yahA~ para cAra dhruvAnantara vargaNA kevala ekottara vRddhi vAlI hai to isake cAra bheda nahIM karake eka hI bheda kara denA cAhie thA ? uttara- cAra vargaNAoM meM niraMtara ekottara vRddhi hotI hai aura aMtarAla meM vaha vRddhi TUTa (rUka) jAtI hai jisase mizra vargaNA zurU hotI hai athavA vRddhi nahIM bhI TUTe to bhI varNAdika pariNAma kI vicitratA se bhI bhinnatA ho jAtI hai| 188. gommaTasAra (jIvakAMDa) bhAga 2, gAthA 595 kI TIkA, pR. 823

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[330] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana (8-12 ) tanu (zarIra) kI cAra vargaNAeM - jo vargaNAeM bheda aura saMghAta (abheda) ke pariNamana ke dvArA audArika Adi cAra zarIroM kI yogyatA ke sanmukha hone se inako zarIra vargaNA kahate haiM athavA mizra skaMdha aura acitta skaMdha ke deha-upacaya kI yogyatA ke abhimukha jo vargaNAeM hai, ve tanu vargaNAeM haiN| cAra dhruvAnantara vargaNAoM ke bAda eka-eka paramANu kI vRddhi yukta anaMta vargaNAtmaka cAra tanu (zarIra) vargaNA hai| ____ 13. mizraskaMdha vargaNA - jo anaMtAnaMta paramANu se bane hue sUkSma pariNAma vAle aura aneka bAdara pariNamana ke sanmukha hue skaMdha, mizraskaMdha kahalAte haiN|89 14. acittamahAskaMdha - acittamahAskaMdha apanI svAbhAvika pariNati se kevalI samudghAta ke samAna cAra samaya meM sampUrNa loka pUrita karatA hai tathA punaH isa acitta mahAskaMdha ko bikharane meM cAra samaya lagate haiN| acittamahAskaMdha samudra-jvAra kI taraha loka ko ApUrita karatA hai aura phira saMkucita ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra acitta mahAskaMdha meM ATha samaya lagate haiN| vaha acittamahAskaMdha lokapramANa aura svAbhAvika pariNamana se hotA hai| tirache loka meM yaha asaMkhyAta yojana pramANa athavA saMkhyAta yojana pramANa meM vRttAkAra hotA hai| isake hone kA kAla niyata nahIM hai| prazna - yahA~ pudgaloM kA varNana cala rahA thA aura pudgala to acitta hI hote haiM isalie mahAskaMdha kahanA cAhie thA, na ki acitta mahAskaMdha? uttara - yadi yahA~ mahAskaMdha kahate to kevalI samudghAta meM jIvAdhiSThita anaMtAnaMta karma pudgalamaya skaMdha hote haiN| unakA bhI grahaNa hotA hai, kyoMki donoM mahAskaMdhoM meM kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se samAnatA hai| isalie acitta vizeSaNa dekara pudgaloM ke mahAskaMdha ko bhinna kiyA hai, kyoMki kevalI samudghAta gata karma pudgala mahAskaMdha jIvAdhiSThita hone se sacitta haiN|90 acitamahAskaMdha aura sacittamahAskaMdha donoM kA kSetra samrpUNa lokAkAza hai| caturtha samaya meM ye pUre loka meM vyApta ho jAte haiN| donoM kA sthitikAla ATha samaya kA hai| donoM meM pAMca varNa, do gaMdha, pAMca rasa aura cAra sparza (zIta, uSNa, snigdha, rUkSa) hote haiN|191 matAntara - kinhIM AcAryoM kA mata hai ki uparyukta acitta mahAskaMdha sarva se utkRSTa pradezoM se banA hai kAraNa ki audArika Adi sabhI vargaNAoM kA kathana karane ke bAda isa mahAskaMdha kA kathana kiyA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki yaha mahAskaMdha sarvotkRSTa pradeza vAlA hai| aisA ekAnta mAnanA sahI nahIM hai, kyoMki prajJApanA meM utkRSTa pradezI skandhoM ko avagAhanA aura sthiti kI apekSA se catu:sthAna patita batAyA hai| prajJApanAsUtra meM utkRSTa skandha ko aSTasparzI aura acittamahAskandha ko catu:sparzI kahA gayA hai arthAt eka utkRSTa pradezI skaMdha dUsare utkRSTa pradezI skaMdha se bhI catuHsthAna patita hotA hai| aSTasparzI skaMdha acitta mahAskaMdha nahIM hote haiN| isase jJAta hotA hai ki pudgalAstikAya itanA hI nahIM hai| pudgala ke anya bheda bhI haiM, jo yahA~ saMgRhIta nahIM hai| prazna - bhagavan ! utkRSTa pradezI skaMdhoM ke kitane paryAya kahe gae haiM? uttara - gautama! (unameM) anaMta paryAya kahe haiN| prazna-bhagavan ! kisa apekSA se Apa aisA kahate haiM ki utkRSTa pradezI skaMdhoM ke anaMta paryAya haiM? uttara - gautama! utkRSTa pradezI skaMdha, dUsare utkRSTa pradezI skaMdha se dravya kI apekSA se tulya haiM, 190. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 643-644 189. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 639-642 191. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, maladhArI hemacandra, bRhadvRtti, pR. 282

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [331] pradeza kI apekSA se bhI tulya haiM, avagAhanA kI apekSA se catu:sthAna patita haiM, sthiti kI apekSA se bhI catuHsthAna patita haiM kiMtu varNAdi tathA ATha sparzoM ke paryAyoM kI apekSA se SaTsthAnapatita haiN|92 paMcasaMgraha ke anusAra vargaNAoM kA vivecana __ 1-2. dhruvAcitta aura adhruvAcitta vargaNAoM kA svarUpa vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra hI hai| 3,5,7,9. dhruvazUnya vargaNA - ye pahalI, dUsarI, tIsarI aura cauthI dhruvavargaNA hai| jo vargaNA loka meM hamezA rahane vAlI aura niraMtara ekottara vRddhi vAlI hotI hai| prathama dhruvazUnya vargaNA anaMtI hai| isI prakAra se dUsarI, tIsarI aura cauthI vargaNAeM bhI anaMtI hai| pahale jo dhruva vargaNAeM kahI haiM unase yaha bhinna haiM, kyoMki ye vargaNAeM Upara kahI huI dhruva vargaNA se atisUkSma pariNAmavAlI aura bahuta dravyoM se banI huI hai| lekina pahalI dhruva zUnya vargaNA ke bAda paMcasaMgraha meM (4) pratyekazarIrI bAdara vargaNA, (5) dUsarI dhruvazUnya vargaNA (6) bAdaranigoda vargaNA (7) tIsarI dhruva zUnyAMtara vargaNA (8) sUkSmanigoda vargaNA (9) cauthI dhruvazUnyAMtara vargaNA (10) mahAskaMdha vargaNA kA varNana prApta hotA hai| yahA~ pahale vivecita vargaNAoM se bhinna kA hI vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai| 4. pratyekazarIrI vargaNA - pratyeka nAmakarma ke udaya vAle jIvoM ke yathAsaMbhava sattA meM rahe hue audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa aura kArmaNa nAmakarma ke pudgaloM kA avalaMbana lekara sarvajIvoM ke anaMtaguNa paramANu vAlI jo vargaNAeM hotI haiM unako pratyekazarIrI vargaNA kahate haiN| utkRSTa dhruvazUnya vargaNA se eka adhika paramANu vAlI pahalI jaghanya pratyekazarIrI vargaNA hai| isa prakAra eka paramANu kI vRddhi vahA~ taka kahanA cAhie jahA~ taka utkRSTa pratyekazarIrI vargaNA prApta na ho jaae| ina vargaNAoM ko jIva kisI karma ke udaya se grahaNa nahIM karatA hai, kiMtu vinasA pariNAma se hI audArika Adi pAMca zarIrI nAmakarma ke pudgaloM kA avalaMbana lekara rahI huI hai|193 vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM varNita tIsarI zUnyAMtara vargaNA, cauthI azUnyAMtara vargaNA aura terahavIM mizra skaMdha vargaNA kA yahA~ grahaNa nahIM kiyA hai| bhASya kI dUsarI adhruva vargaNA ke bAda pAMca se ATha dhruvAnaMtara vargaNA kA paMcasaMgraha meM grahaNa kiyA hai| 6. bAdaranigoda vargaNA - sAdhAraNa nAmakarma ke udaya vAle bAdara ekendriya jIvoM ke sattA meM rahe hue audArika, taijasa aura kArmaNa nAmakarma ke pudgala paramANuoM ke visrasA pariNAma dvAra avalaMbana lekara sarvajIvoM kI apekSA anaMtaguNa paramANu vAlI jo vargaNAeM rahI huI haiM, unako bAdara nigoda vargaNA kahate haiN| utkRSTa dhruva zUnya vargaNA se eka adhika paramANu ke skaMdha rUpa jaghanya eka vRddhi se yAvat utkRSTa bAdaranigoda vargaNA hotI hai|194 8. sUkSmanigoda vargaNA - utkRSTa dhruvazUnya vargaNA se eka adhika paramANu ke skaMdha rUpa jaghanya se utkRSTa sUkSma nigoda vargaNA hotI hai| isa vargaNA kA svarUpa sAmAnyataH bAdara nigoda vargaNA ke anurUpa samajhanA caahie| 10. mahAskaMdha vargaNA - jo vargaNAeM visrasA pariNAma se TaMka, zikhara aura parvatAdi bar3e-bar3e skaMdhoM kA Azraya lekara rahI huI hai, unhe mahAskaMdha vargaNA kahate haiN| utkRSTa dhruva zUnyavargaNA se eka adhika paramANu vAlI jaghanya acitta mahAskaMdha vargaNA hotI hai| eka-eka vRddhi se yAvat utkRSTa mahAskaMdha vargaNA hotI hai|195 192. ukkosapae siyANa bhaMte! khaMdhANaM pucchaa| goyamA! aNaMtA! se keNatuNaM? goyamA! ukkosapaesie khaMdhe ukkosapaesiyassa khaMdhassa davvaTThayAe tulle, paesaTThayAe tulye, ogAhaNaTThayAe cauTThANavaDite, ThitIe cauTThANavaDite vaNNAdi aTThAphAsapajjavehiM ya dhtttthaannvddite| - yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, prajJApanAsUtra, bhAga 1, pada 5, pR. 435 193, paMcasaMgraha, (baMdhanakaraNa prarUpaNA adhikAra) bhAga-6, pR. 53-54 194. paMcasaMgraha, pR. 54-55 195. paMcasaMgraha, pR. 57

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[332] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ___ isa prakAra paMca saMgraha ke anusAra ATha jIvagrAhI vargaNA aura dasa paudgalika, kula 18 vargaNAoM kA varNana huA hai| dravya vargaNA ke bayAlIsa prakAra kinhIM-kinhIM granthoM meM 42 vargaNAoM kA ullekha bhI prApta hotA hai, jisakI saMgati nimna tIna prakAra se biThA sakate haiN| (1) audArika Adi ATha vargaNAoM kI agrAhya aura grAhya ye vargaNAeM solaha vargaNAeM (8x2 =16) hai| ina solaha vargaNAoM kI jaghanya aura utkRSTa ke bheda se (16x2 =32) battIsa vargaNAeM hotI haiM aura ina battIsa vargaNAoM meM dhruva se acitta mahAskaMdha (paMcasaMgraha) ye dasa (1-10) vargaNA aura milAne para kula bayAlIsa (42) vargaNAeM hotI hai| (2) 1. eka paramANu kI eka vargaNA se lekara yAvat dasa paramANu kI dasavIM vargaNA, saMkhyAta vargaNA asaMkhyAta vargaNA aura anaMta vargaNA, isa prakAra kula teraha vargaNAeM huii| 2. audArika Adi ATha kI grAhya aura agrAhya vargaNA kula solaha (8x2=16) vrgnnaaeN| 3. paMcasaMgraha vAlI dasa vrgnnaaeN| 4. acitta mahAskaMdha kI khaMDita (dUsare, tIsare samaya meM) aura akhaNDita (cauthe samaya meM) ye do vrgnnaaeN| 5. sAMtara-niraMtara vargaNA (adhruvAcitta vargaNA meM) yaha eka vrgnnaa| isa prakAra ina saba ko jor3ane para bayAlIsa (13+16+10+2+1=42) vargaNAe~ hotI haiN| lekina yahA~ acitta mahAskaMdha ke do bheda mAnane hoge tIna nhiiN| (3) haribhadrAvazyaka aura malayagiri AvazyakavRtti ke anusAra - (1) eka paramANu se sUkSma anaMta pradezI (2-4) audArika kI agrAhya, grAhya, agrAhya, (5-7) vaikiya kI agrAhya, grAhya, agrAhya, (8-10) AhAraka kI agrAhya, grAhya, agrAhya, (11-13) taijasa kI agrAhya, grAhya, agrAhya, (14-16) bhASA kI agrAhya, grAhya, agrAhya, (17-19) zvAsocchvAsa kI agrAhya, grAhya, agrAhya, (20-22) mana kI agrAhya, grAhya, agrAhya (23-25) kArmaNa kI agrAhya, grAhya, agrAhya, (26) antaMdhruva (27) anaMta adhruva (28) zUnyAntara (29) azUnyAntara (30) dhruvAntara (31) ataMrAla (32) dhruvAntara (33) ataMrAla (34) dhruvAntara (35) antarAMla (36) dhruvAntara (37-40) tanuvargaNA (41) mizraskandha (42) acittmhaaskNdh| dravya vargaNA kA svarUpa pUrNa huA aba kramazaH kSetrAdi vargaNAoM kA varNana karate haiN| kSetra vargaNA kSetra vargaNA kA AdhAra AkAza pradeza hai| eka paramANu se lekara anaMta pradezI skaMdha jo eka AkAza pradeza ko avagAhita karake rahatA hai, una sabhI kI eka vargaNA, dvayaNuka Adi se anaMtANu paryaMta ke do pradeza avagAhI rahe hue skaMdhoM kI dUsarI vargaNA, isI prakAra eka eka pradeza kI vRddhi se saMkhyAta pradeza meM avagAhI rahe hue skaMdhoM kI saMkhyAta vargaNA hotI hai, ye sabhI kSetra vargaNA ke antargata AtI haiN| asaMkhyAta pradezAvagAhI skaMdhoM kI asaMkhyAta vargaNAeM jIva ke dvArA karmavargaNA ke rUpa meM grahaNa karane yogya hotI haiN| kyoMki vaha thor3e paramANuoM se banI, sthUla parimANa vAlI aura bahuta AkAza pradeza ko avagAhana karake rahatI hai| phira eka-eka AkAza pradeza kI vRddhi hone para unameM avagAr3ha vargaNAeM karma ke agrahaNa yogya ho jAtI haiN| karma ke agrahaNa yogya asaMkhya vargaNAeM haiN| usake bAda isI pramANa se eka-eka AkAza pradeza avagAhI vRddhi se bar3hatI huI mana ke agrahaNa yogya bhI asaMkhya vargaNAeM haiN| inake bAda asaMkhya vargaNAeM mana ke grahaNa yogya hotI haiM aura itanI hI vApasa

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [333] mana se agrahaNa yogya vargaNAeM hotI haiN| isI prakAra zvAsocchvAsa (AnApAna)-bhASA-taijasaAhAraka-vaikriya aura audArika vargaNAoM ke agrahaNa yogya aura grahaNa yogya phira agrahaNa yogya isa prakAra pratyeka kI tIna-tIna bheda (dravya vargaNA se viparIta krama) hone se kSetra se jAnI jAtI haiN|196 kAla vargaNA isameM vargaNA kA kathana kAla ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai| eka samaya se lekara asaMkhyAta samaya ke AdhAra para inakA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai| kisI vivakSita parimANa se sAmAnyapane se una paramANuoM athavA skaMdha jinakI eka samaya kI sthiti hai, ko eka vargaNA rUpa jaannaa| isI prakAra eka-eka samaya kI vRddhi se saMkhyAta sthiti vAle paramANu Adi kI saMkhyAta vargaNAeM aura asaMkhya samaya kI sthiti vAle paramANu Adi kI asaMkhyAta vargaNAeM haiN| isa prakAra ina vargaNAoM se sampUrNa pudgalAstikAya kA grahaNa hotA hai, kyoMki eka samaya se lekara asaMkhyAta samaya kI sthiti se jyAdA pudgaloM kI sthiti nahIM hotI hai| bhAva vargaNA varNa, gaMdha, rasa evaM sparza kI paryAya ke AdhAra para bhAva vargaNA ko samajhAyA jAtA hai| eka guNa kRSNa varNa vAlA paramANu hotA hai, vaha eka vargaNA, dviguNa kRSNa varNavAlA paramANu Adi dUsarI vargaNA isa prakAra eka-eka guNa vRddhi se saMkhyAta kRSNa vargaNA vAle paramANu Adi kI saMkhyAta vargaNA, isI prakAra asaMkhyAta kRSNa vargaNA vAle paramANu kI asaMkhyAta vargaNA aura anaMta kRSNa vargaNA vAle paramANu kI anaMta vargaNA hotI hai| isa prakAra zeSa cAra varNa, do gaMdha, pAMca rasa aura ATha sparza isa prakAra kula 20 varNAdi ke pratyeka bheda kI Upara kahe anusAra eka guNa kI eka, saMkhyAta guNa kI saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta guNa kI asaMkhyAta aura anaMta guNa kI anaMtI vargaNAeM hotI haiN| isa prakAra saMkSipta rUpa meM bhAva vargaNA bIsa prakAra kI hotI hai-pAMca varNa, do gaMdha, pAMca rasa aura ATha sprsh| inameM se pratyeka kI eka guNa vAle dravya kI eka vargaNA yAvat ananta guNa vAle dravyoM kI ananta vargaNAeM haiN| gurulaghuparyAya vAle sthUlapariNAmI dravyoM kI eka vargaNA hai| agurulaghuparyAya vAle sUkSma pariNAmI dravyoM kI eka vargaNA hai| isa prakAra bhAva vargaNAoM ke ina do vargoM meM sampUrNa pudgalAstikAya kA samAveza ho jAtA hai, kyoMki uparyukta varNAdi bhAva ke sivAya anyatra pudgaloM kA sadbhAva nahIM hotA hai|98 isa prakAra avadhijJAnI kauna se rUpI dravyoM ko jAnatA hai, isakA svarUpa batAne ke lie vargaNAoM ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vyavahAra aura nizcaya naya se gurulaghu-agurulaghu dravya jo dravya UMcA aura tiryak phailA hotA hai, lekina svabhAva se hI nIce giratA hai vaha guru dravya hai- jaise miTTI kA loMdA (ddhelaa)| jo dravya svabhAva se hI Urdhva gati karane vAlA hotA hai vaha laghu dravya hotA hai, jaise dIpaka kI lau| jo dravya UMcI athavA nIcI gati karatA hai vaha gurulaghu dravya hai, jaise vAyu aadi| jo dravya svabhAva se hI UMcI, nIcI, tiryak dizA meM gati nahIM karatA hai athavA jo sarvatra gati karane vAlA hotA hai use agurulaghu dravya kahate haiM, jaise AkAza aura paramANu aadi| yaha ullekha vyavahAra naya ke anusAra kiyA jAtA hai|199 nizcayanaya ke anusAra ekAMta rUpa se na to koI guru dravya hotA hai aura na hI koI laghu dravya hotA hai| jaise ki vyavahAra naya se miTTI ke Dhele ko guru dravya kahA hai, lekina para prayoga se usakI 196. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 647-649 197. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 650 198. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 651-653 199. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 659

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[334] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana Urdhvagati bhI hotI hai isalie vaha ekAMta rUpa se guru dravya nahIM hai| isI prakAra vyavahAra naya se dIpaka kI lau ko laghu dravya kahA hai, lekina hastAdi se dabAne para lau kI adhogati bhI hotI hai isalie ekAMta laghu dravya bhI nahIM hai| paraMtu nizcaya naya se loka meM audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa vargaNA aura pRthvI, parvatAdi athavA jo sthUla vastu hai ve sabhI gurulaghu dravya haiM aura zeSa bhASA, mana, zvAsocchvAsa, kArmaNa Adi paramANu, vyaNuka aura AkAza Adi sabhI vastueM agurulaghu haiN| Agama meM bhI ye do hI dravya svIkAra kiye gae haiM, jaiseki bhagavatIsUtra za. 12 u.5 meM bAdara ko gurulaghu aura sUkSma pudgala skaMdha tathA arUpI dravyoM ko agurulaghu batAyA hai| dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi kA svarUpa SaTkhaNDAgama meM avadhi ke dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi ye tIna bheda kiye haiN| isakA samarthana akalaMka, vidyAnaMda Adi AcAryoM ne bhI kiyA hai 01 akalaMka ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi ke jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa ye tIna-tIna bheda hote haiM, jabaki sarvAvadhi meM bheda nahIM hotA hai| dhavalATIkA meM bhI aisA hI ullekha prApta hotA hai| sarvAvadhi kA bheda nahIM hone se yaha kaha sakate haiM ki paramAvadhi kA utkRSTa (carama sImA) viSaya prApta hone ke bAda agale samaya meM hI amuka mAtrA meM usakA viSaya bar3hatA hai aura sarvAvadhi jJAna prApta hotA hai, jisameM kisI bhI prakAra kI vRddhi aura hAni nahIM hotI hai arthAt avasthita rahatA hai| akalaMka dezAvadhi aura paramAvadhi ko eka hI mAnakara anta meM dezAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi aise do bheda svIkAra karate haiN| inakA svarUpa nimna prakAra se hai - dezAvadhi dhavalATIkA ke anusAra 'deza' kA artha samyaktva (saMyama kA avayava) hai| ataH samyaktva jisa avadhi kI maryAdA hai, vaha dezAvadhi hai|205 akalaMka ke anusAra tiryaMcoM meM dezAvadhi hI hotA hai| vaise cAroM gatiyoM meM dezAvadhi hotA hai, lekina yahA~ ullekha tiryaMca aura manuSya gati kI apekSA se kiyA gayA hai| manuSya meM tInoM prakAra kA avadhi hotA hai, isalie akalaMka ne manuSya gati kA bhI kathana nahIM kiyA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM pannavaNA ke 33veM pada meM parama-avadhi ko sarva-avadhi aura isase nIce kI avadhi ko dezAvadhi kahA hai| manuSya meM deza avadhi aura sarva avadhi donoM ho sakate haiN| tiryaMca, deva aura naraka meM mAtra dezAvadhi hI hotA hai| dezAvadhi ke bheda dezAvadhi ke jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa ye tIna bheda hote haiN| 1. jaghanya dezAvadhi meM utsedhAMgula se asaMkhyeya bhAga kSetra ko jAnane vAlA arthAt pahale jo avadhi kA jaghanya pramANa batAyA vahI jaghanya dezAvadhi kA pramANa hai| yaha manuSya aura tiryaMca meM hI hotA hai| 200. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 659-667 201. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.22.5 pR. 56, tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.22.10 se 17 202. tatra dezAvadhistredhA jaghanya-utkRSTaH ajaghanyotkRSTazceti / tathA paramAvadhirapi tridhaa| sarvAvadhiravikalpatvAdeka ev| - tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.22.5, pR. 56 203. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 9, sUtra 4.1.2,3,4 pR. 14, 42, 48 204. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.22.5 pR. 57 205. desaM sammattaM, saMjamassa avayavabhAvAdo, tamohI majjAyA jassa NANassa taM desohinnaannN|-ssttkhnnddaagm, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.59 pR. 323 206. tirazcAM tu dezAvadhireva na paramAvadhirnApi srvaavdhiH| - tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.22.5 pR. 57

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [335] 2. utkRSTa dezAvadhi meM saMpUrNa loka ko jAnane vAlA arthAt tiryaMca aura manuSya ke utkRSTa dezAvadhi kA pramANa kSetra kI apekSA se asaMkhya dvIpa samudra aura kAla kI apekSA se asaMkhyAta varSa hai| dravya kI apekSA tiryaMca kA avadhi pramANa asaMkhyAta taijasazarIra dravya vargaNA hai aura manuSya kA avadhi pramANa asaMkhyAta kArmaNa dravya vargaNA hai|27 tiryaMcoM kA utkRSTa avadhi kA pramANa dezAvadhi ke utkRSTa pramANa se kama hotA hai| yaha Upara ke kathana se spaSTa hotA hai| 3. ajaghanyotkRSTa (madhyama) dezAvadhi meM jaghanya aura utkRSTa ke bIca meM rahe hue asaMkhyAta vikalpoM ko jAnanA sammilita hai 208 paramAvadhi dhavalATIkA ke anusAra parama ke do artha hote haiM - 1. asaMkhyAta loka mAtra saMyama vikalpa aura 2. shresstth| isa prakAra paramAvadhi kI do paribhASAeM prApta hotI haiM - 1. jisakI maryAdA asaMkhyAta loka mAtra saMyama ke vikalpa hai, vaha paramAvadhi hai| athavA 2. jo jyeSTha hai arthAt jisakA viSaya dezAvadhi kI apekSA bar3A hai, vaha paramAvadhi hai| jisa prakAra mana:paryAyajJAna saMyata manuSyoM ko hI prApta hotA hai, vaise hI paramAvadhi bhI saMyata manuSyoM ko hI hotA hai tathA paramAvadhi jisa bhava meM utpanna hotA hai, usa bhava meM kevalajJAna kI utpatti kA kAraNa hotA hai aura vaha apratipAti hotA hai:09 / isI prakAra paramAvadhi vardhamAna, avasthita, anavasthita (vRddhi sahita), anugAmI, ananugAmI bhI hotA hai| paramAvadhi ke bheda dezAvadhi kI taraha paramAvadhi ke bhI jaghanya, utkRSTa aura madhyama rUpa se tIna bheda hote haiM - 1. jaghanya paramAvadhi kA kSetra ekapradeza adhika lokapramANa, kAla kI apekSA asaMkhyAta varSa aura dravya kI apekSA pradezAdhika lokAkAza pramANa aura bhAva anantAdi vikalpavAlA hotA hai| 2. utkRSTa paramAvadhi - Avazyakaniyukti ke anusAra paramAvadhi kA utkRSTa kSetra sabhI agnikAya jIvoM ke tulya lokAloka pramANa asaMkhya loka hai| kAla asaMkhyAta samaya hai aura dravya rUpI dravya hai|12 isa pramANa kA ullekha SaTkhaNDAgama13 aura tattvArtharAjavArtika14 meM bhI hai| isa prakAra zvetAmbara (niyukti) aura digambara (SaTakhaNDAgama) paramparA meM paramAvadhi kA pramANa samAna nirUpita hai| lekina niyuktikAra ke anusAra yahI avadhijJAna kI carama sImA hai| jabaki SaTakhaNDAgama ke anusAra paramAvadhi ke bAda avadhijJAna kI savotkRSTa sImA ke rUpa meM sarvAvadhi hotA hai| 3. ajaghanyotkRSTa (madhyama) paramAvadhi vaha hai, jo jaghanya aura utkRSTa ke bIca meM rahe hue kSetra ko jAnatA hai|15 207. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.22.5 pR. 57 208. tatra dezAvadhistredhA jaghanya-utkRSTaH ajghnyotkRssttshceti| tathA paramAvadhirapi tridhA sarvAvadhiravikalpatvAdeka ev| utsedhAMgulAsaMkhyeyabhAgakSetro dezAvadhirjaghanyaH / utkRSTaH kRtsnalokaH / tayoraMtarAle saMkhyeya vikalpaH, ajaghanyotkRSTaH / ___ - tattvArtharAjavArtika sUtra 1.22.5 pR. 56 209. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 9, sUtra 4.1.3 pR. 41 evaM pu.13, sUtra 5.5.59, pR. 323 210. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.22.5 pR.57 211. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.22.5 pR.57 212. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 44, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 631 213. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.59 gAthA 15 pR. 323 214. utkRSTaparamAvadhe: kSetraM salokAlokapramANA asaMkhyeyA lokaaH| - tattvArtharAjavArtika sUtra 1.22.5 pR. 57 215. paramAvadhirjaghanyaH ekapradezAdhikalokakSetraH / utkRSTo'saMkhyeyalokakSetraH / ajaghanyotkRSTo madhyamakSetraH / - tattvArtharAjavArtika sUtra 1.22.5 pR.56

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[336] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana utkRSTa dezAvadhi aura paramAvadhi meM antara utkRSTa avadhi meM dravyAdi cAroM tulya haiN| paramAvadhi meM utkRSTa kSetra to hotA hI hai tathA anya dravyAdi utkRSTa AgamakAroM ko jaise iSTa ho vaise mAna lenA caahie| isa apekSA se utkRSTa dezAvadhi aura paramAvadhi ekArthaka bhI ho sakate haiM athavA kSetra kI parAkASThA hote hI paramAvadhi kaha diyA jAtA hai, lekina usameM dravya-paryAya Adi kI parAkASThA nahIM hotii| jabaki utkRSTa dezAvadhi meM dravyAdi cAroM utkRSTa hote haiN| sarvaprathama kAla kI parAkASThA hotI hai, phira kSetra kI parAkASThA, phira dravyoM kI aura anta meM paryAyoM kI parAkaSThA hotI hai| prazna - kyA paramAvadhi meM cAroM kI parAkASThA iSTa na ho to bhI antarmuhUrta meM kevalajJAna ho sakatA hai? uttara - paramAvadhi ke binA bhI kaSAyoM kA kSaya hone se anya karma kSaya hokara kevalajJAna ho jAtA hai| prazna - kauna-se avadhijJAnI paramANu ko jAnate haiM? uttara - saMpUrNa loka ko jAnane vAle avadhijJAnI to skaMdhoM ko hI jAnate haiM, Age (aloka meM) jyoM-jyoM avadhijJAna kI zakti bar3hatI hai, tyoM-tyoM ve sUkSmatara skaMdhoM ko jAnate haiM, yAvat parama avadhijJAnI paramANu ko bhI jAnate haiN| sarvAvadhi dhavalATIkA ke anusAra sarva avadhi (maryAdA) jisa jJAna kI hotI hai vaha sarvAvadhijJAna hai| sarva ke tIna artha haiM - 1. sarva kA eka artha kevalajJAna hai, jo mukhya artha hai aura kevalajJAna kA viSaya aupacArika artha hai arthAt kevalajJAna kA viSaya jo-jo artha hotA hai vaha bhI upacAra se sarva kahalAtA hai 16 2. sabhI (sarva) kA artha sakala dravya nahIM kara sakate haiM, kyoMki jisase pare koI dravya na ho usake avadhi nahIM hotA hai, isalie sarva zabda kA artha sabhI rUpI dravyoM meM jisakI avadhi (maryAdA) hai, vaha sarvAvadhi hai| ____3. AkuMcana, prasAraNa Adi ko prApta ho vaha pudgala dravya sarva hai, vahI jisakI maryAdA hai vaha sarvAvidha hai|17 dezAvadhi aura paramAvadhi kI taraha sarvAvadhi kA avAntara bheda nahIM hotA hai arthAt vaha utkRSTa paramAvadhi ke kSetra se bAhara asaMkhyAta loka kSetroM ko jAnane vAlA hai| isake jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa koI vikalpa nahIM hote haiN|18 __akalaMka ne sarvAvadhi kA pramANa utkRSTa pamAvadhi se asaMkhyAta guNA adhika mAnA hai| kAla, kSetra, dravya aura bhAva ke saMdarbha meM bhI aisA hI jAnanA caahie|219 akalaMka ke anusAra paramAvadhi sarvAvadhi se dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI dRSTi se nyUna hai isalie, paramAvadhi bhI vAstava meM dezAvadhi hai|220 216. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.59 gAthA 15 pR. 323 217. ettha savvasaddo sayaladavvavAcao Na ghettavvo, parado avajjimANadavvassa ohittaannuvvttiido| kintu savvasaddo savvegadesamhi rUvayade vaTTamANo ghettvyo| teNa savvarUvayadaM ohI jisse tti saMbaMdho kaayvvo| aghavA, sarati gacchati AkuMcana-visarpaNAdInIti pudgaladravyaM sarva, tamohI jisse sA svvohii| - SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 9, sUtra 4.1.4 pR. 47 218. tatra dezAvadheH srvjghnysykssetrmutsedhaaNgulsyaa'sNkhyeybhaagH| - tattvArtharAjavArtika, sUtra 1.22.5 pR. 56 219. sarvAvadhirucyate-asaMkhyeyAnAmasaMkhyeyabhedatvAdutkRSTaparamAvadhi kSetramasaMkhyeyalokaguNitamassakSetraM / - tattvArtharAjavArtika, sUtra 1.22.5 pR. 57 220. sarvazabdassa sAkalyavAcitvAtdravyakSetrakAlabhAvaiH sarvAvadheraMtaH pAtiparamAvadhirata: paramAvadhirati dezAvadhireveti dvividha evAvadhi: srvaavdhirdeshaavdhishc| - tattvArtharAjavArtika sUtra 1.22.5 pR. 57

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [337] paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi kI tulanA ye donoM svAmI kA anusaraNa karate haiM isalie anugAmI hai| isa jJAnadhArI ko usI bhava meM kevalajJAna hotA hai jisase parabhava kA anugama nahIM hotA hai ataH ananugAmI bhI haiN| donoM kA nAza nahIM hotA isalie apratipAtI hai| paramAvadhi meM vRddhi hotI hai isalie varddhamAna, sarvAvadhi meM vRddhi nahIM hotI ataH vardhamAna nahIM hotA hai| donoM meM hAni nahIM hotI hai isalie hIyamAna nahIM hote haiN| paramAvadhi meM eka nizcita kAla taka vRddhi/hAni nahIM hotI aura sarvAvadhi meM to vRddhi/hAni hotI hI nahIM hai| isalie donoM avasthita haiN| paramAvadhi meM hAni to nahIM, paraMtu vRddhi hotI hai, ataH vRddhi kI apekSA anavasthita hai aura sarvAvadhi meM vRddhi/hAni nahIM hotI ataH anavasthita nahIM hai| vidyAnaMda ne paramAvadhi ko anavasthita nahIM mAnA haiM, zeSa vivecana meM ve akaMlaka kA anusaraNa karate haiM 21 avadhijJAna kA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA viSaya avadhijJAnI dravya rUpa meM kina pudgaloM kA jAnatA hai, vaha dravya se viSaya kahalAtA hai| avadhijJAna ke viSaya kI apekSA se mukhya rUpa se tIna bheda hote haiM - dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi, srvaavdhi| paramAvadhi ko kendra meM rakhate hue dezAvadhi Adi ke dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se viSaya kA varNana nimna prakAra se haiM - paramAvadhi kA dravya kI apekSA viSaya prazna - jisa prakAra jaghanya aura madhyama avadhijJAnI kucha hI rUpI dravyoM ko dekhatA hai vaise hI utkRSTa avadhijJAnI bhI kucha rUpI dravyoM ko dekhatA hai yA sAre rUpI dravyoM ko dekhatA hai? uttara - eka AkAza pradeza ko avagAhita karake rahane vAlA eka pradezAvagADha paramANu, dviAdi aNu se lekara anaMtANuka skaMdha paryaMta sabhI dravyoM ko tathA kArmaNazarIra vargaNA ke pudgaloM ko utkRSTa avadhijJAnI (paramAvadhijJAnI) dekhatA hai| yahA~ para 'eka pradezAvagADha' aisA sAmAnya rUpa se kahA hai, isakA Azaya yaha hai ki paramAvadhijJAnI paramANu-dvayaNukAdi dravya ko jAnate haiN| lekina 'eka pradezAvagADha kArmaNa zarIra' nahIM kahA hai, kyoMki kArmaNazarIra asaMkhyAta AkAza pradeza ko avagAhita karake rahatA hai isalie eka pradezAvagADha saMbhava nahIM hai| phira bhI sabhI agurUlaghu dravya aura zabdAdi gurUlaghu dravya ko paramAvadhi dekhatA hai| yahA~ jAti kI apekSA eka vacana kA prayoga kiyA hai| yadi eka vacana kA prayoga nahIM kareMge to eka pradezAvagAhI kArmaNazarIra agurulaghu-gurulaghu dravya ko paramAvadhi jAnatA hai, aisA grahaNa ho jaaegaa| isa doSa ke nirAkaraNa ke lie ekavacana kA prayoga kiyA hai| taijasazarIra ko dekhane vAlA avadhijJAnI kAla se bhava pRthaktva (2-9 bhava) paryaMta taka dekhatA hai| 'teyA kammasarIre, teyAdavve ya bhAsadavve y| boddhavvamasaMkhejjA, dIva-sasuddA ya kAlo y|' (vi. bhASya, gAthA 673) ke anusAra taijasazarIra ko dekhane vAlA avadhijJAnI kAla se palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga ko dekhatA hai| maladhArI hemacandra ke anusAra vaha asaMkhyAtakAla isa bhava pRthaktva kAla se alaga hai aura yaha bhavapRthaktva kAla usa asaMkhyAtakAla se bhinna nahIM hai, lekina bhavapRthaktva ke aMdara hI isa palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga kA samAveza hotA hai arthAt yaha kAla bhavapRthaktva se adhika nahIM hai aura bhavapRthaktva kAla bhI palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga ke aMdara hI hai, bAhara nahIM 22 221. tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.22 222. sa evAnena bhavapRthaktvena vizeSyate, idamapi ca bhavapRthaktvaM tenAsaMkhyeyakAlena vizeSyate-bhavapRthaktvamadhya eva sa palyopamAsaMkhyeyabhAgaH kAlo nAdhikaH, etanmadhya eva ca bhavapRthaktvaM na bhistaaditi| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya bRhadvRtti gAthA 675, pR. 291

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[338] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana dravya ke sAtha kSetra aura kAla kA sambandha dravya, kSetra aura kAla kA saMbaMdha do prakAra se ghaTita hotA hai - 1. bhASyakAra ne 'aMgulamAvaliyANaM bhAgamasaMkhijja...223 gAthA meM zuddha kSetra (dravya rahita) aura kAla kA paraspara saMbaMdha batAyA, aba dravya kA kSetra aura kAla se saMbaMdha batAte haiN| jo avadhijJAnI manodravya ko jAnatA hai vaha kSetra se loka ke saMkhyAtaveM bhAga ko aura kAla se palyopama ke saMkhyAtaveM bhAga ko jAnatA hai| karmavargaNA dravya ko jAnane vAlA avadhijJAnI kSetra se loka ke bahuta saMkhyAtaveM bhAga ko aura kAla se palyopama ke bahuta saMkhyAtaveM bhAga ko jAnatA hai tathA jo avadhijJAnI saMpUrNa loka ko dekhatA hai vaha kAla se kucha kama palyopama ko jAnatA hai| isa prakAra dravya ke sAtha kSetra aura kAla kA saMbaMdha huA hai| karmadravya (vargaNA) kA atikramaNa karake bAda meM anukrama se dhruvAdi vargaNA ke dravya ko dekhatA hai vaha avadhijJAnI anumAna se paramAvadhi ko prApta karatA hai| yaha sAmarthya mAtra batAne ke lie kahA hai 24 2. jo avadhijJAnI taijasazarIra aura kArmaNazarIra ko jAnatA hai athavA taijasavargaNA dravya aura bhASAvargaNA dravya ko jAnatA hai, vaha kSetra se asaMkhyAta dvIpa-samudra aura kAla se palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga ko jAnatA hai| yahA~ taijasavargaNA aura kArmaNa zarIra ko jAnane vAle avadhijJAna ke viSaya kSetra aura kAla ko sAmAnya rUpa se samAna kahA hai| to bhI itanA viSeza samajhanA ki taijasa zarIra kI apekSA kArmaNazarIra sUkSma hai| ata: taijasa zarIra ko jAnane vAle avadhijJAnI ke viSaya kSetra aura kAla kI apekSA kArmaNa zarIra ko jAnane vAle avadhijJAnI kA viSaya kSetra aura kAla adhika hotA hai| kArmaNa zarIra kI apekSA taijasa vargaNA ke dravya sUkSma hone se kArmaNa zarIra ko jAnane vAlA avadhijJAnI jitane kSetra aura kAla ko jAnatA hai usase taijasa vargaNA dravya ko jAnane vAlA avadhijJAnI vizeSa jAnatA hai| taijasa vargaNA kI apekSA bhASA vargaNA sUkSma hai, ataH taijasa vargaNA dravya ko jAnate avadhijJAnI jitane kSetra aura kAla ko dekhatA hai usakI apekSA bhASA vargaNA dravya ko jAnane vAlA adhika kSetra aura kAla ko jAnatA hai| zaMkA - uparyukta varNana meM kArmaNavargaNA ko jAnane vAle avadhijJAnI kA viSaya kSetra se loka ke bahuta saMkhyAtaveM bhAga ko aura kAla se palyopama ke bahuta saMkhyAtaveM bhAga ko jAnatA hai, aisA batAyA thaa|25 usakI apekSA gAthA 673 meM kArmaNa vargaNA kA viSaya kama batAyA hai isakA kyA kAraNa hai? samAdhAna - bhASyakAra uttara dete hue kahate haiM ki pahale jo kArmaNavargaNA dravya ke viSaya kA kathana kiyA thA, vaha jIva ke dvArA zarIrarUpa meM grahaNa nahIM kie hue aise dravya kA thA aura gAthA 673 meM jIva dvArA zarIra rUpa meM grahaNa kie hue kArmaNavargaNA dravya ke viSaya kA kathana huA hai| zarIrapane grahaNa kie hue dravya kI apekSA zarIrapane grahaNa nahIM kie hue dravya adhika sUkSma hote haiM jaise ki vyuta (guMthe yA sIye hue) taMtu kI apekSA avyuta taMtu sUkSma hote haiN| usI prakAra jIvagrAhI kArmaNa zarIra dravya sthUla hote haiN| isalie unakA viSaya kama hai|26 prazna - eka pradezAvagAhI paramANu Adi atisUkSma hai, una sUkSma paramANu ko jAnane vAlA asaMkhyAta pradezAvagAhI sthUla kArmaNa zarIra ko bhI jAnatA hI hai, to usako bAda meM alaga se 223. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 608 225. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 669 224. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 668-672 226. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 673-674

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [339] kisalie kahA hai? athavA jo eka pradezAvagAhI dravya dekhatA hai aisA nahIM kaha kara sabhI rUpI dravyoM ko dekhatA hai aisA kaheM to kyA bAdhA hai? uttara - jo paramANu Adi sUkSma dravya ko dekhatA hai vaha kArmaNazarIra Adi sthUla dravya ko to avazya dekhatA hai| lekina jo sthUla dravyoM ko dekhatA hai vaha sUkSma dravyoM ko niyama se nahIM dekhatA hai kyoMki 'teyA-bhAsAdavvANa, aMtarA ettha labhai ptttthvo| gurulahu aguruyalahuyaM, taMpi ya teNeva nitttthaai|' (vi0 bhASya gAthA 627) ke anusAra avadhijJAnI agurUlaghu dravya ko to dekha sakatA hai, lekina gurUlaghu dravya ko nahIM dekha sakatA hai athavA ghaTAdi sthUla vastu ko bhI nahIM dekha sakatA hai| jaiseki mana:paryavajJAnI manodravya ke sUkSma hote hue bhI use pratyakSa dekhatA hai aura ciMtanIya ghaTAdi vastu ke sthUla hote hue bhI unheM nahIM dekha pAtA hai| aisA vijJAna viSaya kI vicitratA se saMbhava hai| saMzaya kA parihAra karane ke lie arthAt 'eka pradezAvagADha dravya jAnate haiM' aisA kahane se zeSa dravyoM ke viSaya meM saMzaya rahatA hai isalie eka pradezAvagADhAdi dravya jAnate haiM' Adi dravya ko vizeSa kahA hai| isalie isameM koI doSa nahIM hai| athavA eka pradezAvagADha aisA kahane se paramANu Adi dravyoM kA aura kArmaNazarIra kahane se bAkI ke karmavargaNA taka ke dravyoM kA, agurUlaghu kahane se karma vargaNA ke Upara ke dravyoM kA aura gurudravya kahane se ghaTa, pRthvI parvatAdi kA grahaNa karanA caahie| isa pramANa se samasta pudgalAstikAya utkRSTa avadhijJAna (paramAvadhijJAna) kA viSaya hai| ataH 'sarvarUpI dravya jAnate haiM' aisA bhI kahA hotA to usakA bhI isameM samAdhAna A gayA hai, kyoMki samasta pudgalAstikAya rUpI dravya hai|27 paramAvadhi kA kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA viSaya paramAvadhi (utkRSTa avadhijJAnI) kSetra se loka pramANa aloka ke asaMkhyAtA khaMDa aura kAla se asaMkhyAta utsarpiNI-avasarpiNI, dravya se sabhI rUpI dravya aura bhAva se pratyeka kI asaMkhyAta paryAya ko dekhate haiM 28 paramAvadhi kA utkRSya kSetra sabhI sUkSma, bAdara agnikAya jIvoM kI sUci banAkara ghumAne para jitanA kSetra prApta hotA hai, usake tulya hotA hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI gAthA 685 meM bhI kahA hai ki 'rUvagayaM lahaI savvaM' arthAt paramAvadhijJAnI sabhI rUpI dravya ko jAnatA hai| kAla aura kSetra to amUrta hote haiM, lekina (rUpI padArtha kI sthiti ke kAraNa vaha) lokapramANa asaMkhyAtA khaMDa aura asaMkhyAta utsarpiNI-avasarpiNI kAla meM rahe rUpI dravya ko paramAvadhijJAnI jAnatA hai arthAt rUpI dravya se yukta kSetra aura kAla dekhatA hai| rUpI dravya ke binA kSetra aura kAla ko nahIM dekhatA, kyoMki ye donoM amUrta hote haiN| paramAvadhi hone ke bAda aMtarmuhUrta meM jIva ko kevalajJAna kI prApti hotI hai| jisa prakAra sUrya udaya se pahale usakI prabhA phailatI hai vaise hI paramAvadhi jJAna kI prabhA ke bAda kevalajJAna rUpI sUrya kA udaya hotA hai| yahA~ taka manuSya gati sambandhI kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna kA varNana pUrNa huaa|29 tiryaMca tiryaMca ke jaghanya avadhijJAna kA pramANa panaka jIva ke udAharaNa dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai| Avazyakaniyukti ke anusAra utkRSTa avadhijJAna kA viSaya dravya pramANa se AhAraka aura taijasa dravya hai| upalakSaNa se yahA~ audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka aura taijasa zarIra ke dravya samajhanA cAhie arthAt avadhijJAnI ina cAroM vargaNAoM ke dravyoM ko jAnatA hai tathA unake bIca meM rahe hue grahaNa ayogya 228. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 685 227. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 675-684 229. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 685-689

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[340] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana dravya ko bhI jAnatA dekhatA hai| dravya ke anusAra hI kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ko bhI viSaya ke anusAra jAnatA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI aisA hI ullekha hai|30 naMdIsUtra meM 'dIvasamuddA u bhaiyavvA' arthAt saMkhyAta kAla dekhane vAlA saMkhyAta dvIpa-samudra ginatI se saMkhyAta yA asaMkhyAta ho sakate haiN| jaise kisI tiryaca ko jambUdvIpa se Age ke saMkhyAta dvIpa samudroM meM asaMkhyAta kAla taka avadhijJAna huA, vaha kadAcit eka dvIpa yA samudra ko bhI dekhatA hai, kintu usakA kSetra asaMkhyAta yojana jitanA ho jAtA hai| svayaMbhUramaNa dvIpa yA samudra kA bhI vaha eka deza hI dekhatA hai| isalie bhajanA se kahA hai| akalaMka ke anusAra tiryaMcoM ko dezAvadhijJAna hI hotA hai, jisakA utkRSTa kSetra pramANa asaMkhyAta dvIpa samudra hai aura kAla pramANa asaMkhyAta varSa hai| yahA~ taka kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna kA varNana huA 32 nArakI nArakI ke avadhijJAna kA pramANa Avazyaka niyukti ke anusAra jaghanya eka gAU aura utkRSTa yojana pramANa hai| jaghanya eka gAU sAtavIM nArakI meM aura utkRSTa pahalI nArakI meM cAra gAU (eka yojana) dekhatA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama aura dhavalA meM bhI aisA hI ullekha hai|33 Avazyakaniyukti meM sAmAnyataH nArakI ke jaghanya avadhijJAna kA pramANa nahIM batAyA, lekina prajJApanAsUtra34 ke 33veM (avadhipada) meM isakA ullekha prApta hotA hai| jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki yahA~ jo jaghanya pramANa gavyUti kA ullekha hai, vaha sAtoM prakAra ke nArakI ke utkRSTa avadhijJAna kA pramANa batAyA hai| maladhArI hemacandra ne TIkA meM pratyeka nArakI ke jaghanya aura utkRSTa avadhijJAna ke kSetra kA ullekha kiyA hai 35 ataH pratyeka naraka ke nairayikoM kA jaghanya avadhijJAna pramANa svayaM ke utkRSTa pramANa se AdhA gAU (1/2) kama hai, jise nIce cArTa meM dikhAyA gayA hai| malayagiri ne bhI isakA spaSTIkaraNa diyA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM isa prakAra naraka ke avadhijJAna kA pramANa nahIM batAyA gayA hai, lekina dhavalATIkAkAra ne isako spaSTa kiyA hai|36 akalaMka ne bhI nimna pramANa se naraka ke avadhi ke kSetra kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki yaha pramANa nIce kI ora kA hai| Upara kI ora kA pramANa svayaM ke narakAvAsa ke aMta taka hai aura tirachA pramANa asaMkhyAta kor3Akor3I yojana kA hai| lekina isa pramANa meM jaghanya aura utkRSTa kA bheda nahIM kiyA hai| lekina zvetAmbara Agama prajJApanAsUtra ke 33veM pada meM avadhi kA AkAra trapa ke AkAra kA ullekha hai| yaha trapa eka prakAra kI choTI nAva (hor3I) hai| jo Age kI ora se to tIkhI hotI hai, pIche kI ora se nAva kI caur3AI jaisI hotI hai arthAt AdhI nAva ke samAna hotI hai| usakI lambAI vaha ratnaprabhA pRthvI ke avadhi kI sAr3he tIna aura cora kosa jitanI samajhanI caahie| isa nAva kI caur3AI evaM jAr3AI ke anurUpa naraka jIvoM ke avadhi kI UMcAI evaM cauDAI samajhanI caahie| 230. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 46, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 568, SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.59, gAthA 16, pR. 326 231. tirazcAM tu dezAvadhireva na paramAvadhirnApi sarvAvadhiH / tattvArtharAjavArtika, pR.1.22, pR.57 232. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 690-691 233. SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.59, gAthA 16, pR. 325-326 234. prajJApanAsUtra bhAga 3, pR. 184-186 235. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 693-694 kI TIkA pR. 296 236. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 47, vizeSAvazyakabhASya 692-694, SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.59, gAthA 16, pR. 326, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 86 237. nArakeSu yojanamardhagavyUtahInamAgavyUtAt tadyathA ratnaprabhAyAM yojanamavadhiH...................sarvAsu pRthivISu nArakANAmavadhirupari AtmIyanarakAvAsoMtastiryagasaMkhyAtA yojanakoTIkoTyaH / -tattvArtharAjavArtika sUtra 1.21.6 pR. 55

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [341] tRtIya caturtha chaThI kramAMka nArakI jaghanya utkRSTa prathama ratnaprabhA 3 / / gAU (kosa) 4 gAU (kosa)/ eka yojana dvitIya zarkarAprabhA 3 gAU 3 / / gAU bAlukAprabhA 2 / / gAU 3 gAU paMkaprabhA 2 gAU 2 / / gAU paMcama dhUmaprabhA 1 / / gAU 2 gAU tama:prabhA 1 gAU 1 / / gAU saptama tamastamaprabhA AdhA gAU 1 gAU yahA~ para nArakI kA jaghanya avadhi viSaya kSetra sAtavIM nArakI kI apekSA 1/2 (1) gAU batAyA hai jabaki gAthA 690 meM nArakI meM jaghanya avadhijJAna eka gAU batAyA hai| isameM koI virodhAbhAsa nahIM kyoMki vahA~ jo batAyA hai vaha sabhI nArakI ke utkRSTa kI apekSA jaghanya (eka gAU sAtavIM naraka kA utkRSTa hai) kA kathana kiyA hai, ata: isameM koI virodhAbhAsa nahIM hai| pahalI nArakI kA utkRSTa eka yojana athavA cAra gAU kahA, kyoMki cAra gAU-eka yojana hotA hai|38 dhavalATIkAkAra kAla pramANa kI spaSTatA karate hue kahate haiM ki ratnaprabhA nAraka kA utkRSTa kAlamAna muhUrta meM eka samaya adhika hai aura bAkI kI chaha pRthvioM ke nArakoM kA utkRSTa kAla pramANa antarmuhUrta hai|39 nArakI meM jo kSetra kA viSaya kahA hai usake anusAra hI dravya, kAla aura bhAva ko jAnanA caahie| devatA ke avadhijJAna kA kSetra devatA cAra prakAra ke hote haiM - bhavanapati, vANavyaMtara, jyotiSI aura vaimaanik| bhavanapati, vANavyaMtara, jyotiSI devoM ke avadhijJAna kA kSetra Avazyakaniyukti meM devoM kA jaghanya avadhi pramANa 25 yojana batAyA hai|40 bhavanapati aura vyANavyantara devoM meM jinakI sthiti dasa hajAra varSa kI hotI hai, unake avadhi kA jaghanya kSetra 25 yojana kA mAnA gayA hai| jinakI palyopama kI sthiti hai unake avidhajJAna kA viSaya saMkhyAta dvIpa samudra hai aura sAgaropama (AdhA se eka sAgaropama) kI Ayu vAle bhavanapatiyoM ke avadhijJAna kA viSaya asaMkhyAta dvIpa samudra hai arthAt bhavanapati devoM ke avadhi kA jaghanya viSaya 25 yojana aura utkRSTa asaMkhyAta dvIpa samudra hai| vyANavyantara devoM ke avadhi kA jaghanya viSaya 25 yojana aura utkRSTa saMkhyAta dvIpa samudra hai| jyotiSI devoM ke avadhijJAna kA jaghanya aura utkRSTa kSetra saMkhyAta yojana arthAt saMkhyAta dvIpa samudra kA hai, lekina jaghanya se utkRSTa bar3A hotA hai| jinabhadragaNI ne bhI bhavanapati, vyANavyaMtara aura jyotiSI ke avadhi kA yahI parimApa batAyA hai|41 SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra bhavanapati, vANavyaMtara meM 25 yojana aura jyotiSI devoM kA jaghanya pramANa saMkhyAta yojana kA hai| asurakumAra kA kSetra kI apekSA utkRSTa avadhipramANa asaMkhyAta koDAkor3I yojana kA hotA hai| zeSa bAkI nAgakumAra Adi nava bhavanapati, ATha vANavyaMtara aura pAMca jyotiSI devoM taka avadhi pramANa asaMkhyAta hajAra yojana kA hai|42 akalaMka ne bhI yahI pramANa batAyA hai, unhoMne kucha vizeSa varNana kiyA hai| jisake anusAra uparyukta pramANa nIce kI ora samajhanA 238. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 694 239. SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.59, gAthA 16, pR. 326 240. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 51 241. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 701, 702 242. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.59, gAthA 10,11, pR. 314-315

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[342] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana cAhie aura asurakumAra meM Upara kI ora RtuvimAna ke UparI bhAga taka mAnanA caahie| nAgakumAra Adi nau kumAra kA Upara kI ora sumeru parvata ke zikhara taka aura tirachA asaMkhyAta hajAra yojana kA hai| vyaMtara aura jyotiSI devoM ke Upara kA kSetra apane vimAna ke UparI bhAga taka aura tirachA asaMkhyAta koDAkor3I yojana kA hai|243 zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhavanapati, vANavyaMtara aura jyotiSI ke avadhikSetra ke U~ce, nIce aura tirache kSetra kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| kevala sAmAnya rUpa se kathana kiyA gayA hai, jaise ki bhASyakAra ke anusAra AdhA sAgaropama se kama AyuSyavAlA deva saMkhyAta yojana taka aura usase adhika AyuSya vAle deva asaMkhyAta yojana taka utkRSTa kSetra dekhate hai 44 malayagiri bhI naMdIvRtti meM asurakumAra kA avadhipramANa asaMkhyAta dvIpa-samudra aura nAga Adi nava bhavanapati, vyaMtara aura jyotiSa devoM kA avadhipramANa saMkhyAta dvIpa samudra hone kA ullekha karate haiN|45 vaimAnika deva ke avadhijJAna kA kSetra jinabhadra ne vaimAnika meM jaghanya avadhi kA pramANa aMgula kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga batAyA hai|246 aisA hI ullekha prajJApanAsUtra meM bhI milatA hai|247 paraMtu aMgula kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga jitanA pramANa to tiryaMca aura manuSyoM ke hI hotA hai| aisA donoM jaina paraMparAeM svIkAra karatI haiN|48 phira yaha visaMgati kyoM? isa visaMgati ke sambandha meM do mAnyatAeM prApta hotI haiN| prathama mAnyatA - yaha pramANa devoM meM to utpatti ke samaya hI prApta hotA hai jo pUrva bhava ke avadhijJAna kI apekSA se samajhanA caahie| kyoMki jaghanya aMgula kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga jitanA avadhijJAna manuSya va tiryaMca paMcendriya meM hI utpanna ho sakatA hai, zeSa daNDakoM meM nahIM tathA svabhAva se hI jaghanya avadhijJAna vAle manuSya aura tiryaMca paMcendriya marakara vaimAnika meM hI utpanna hote haiM, bhavanapatyAdi deva meM nhiiN| jaba aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga avadhikSetra vAle manuSya aura tiryaMcapaMcendriya marakara vaimAnika meM Ate haiM taba unheM aparyApta avasthA ke kucha samaya taka kSetra kI apekSA aMgula kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga hI avadhijJAna hotA hai, bAda meM bhava prAyogya avadhijJAna ho jAtA hai| bhavanapatyAdi devoM meM vaimAnika devoM jaisA vizAla avadhijJAna nahIM hone se aparyApta avasthA meM hI devabhava jitanA avadhikSetra ho jAtA hai| kyoMki unake jaghanya avadhijJAna kA kSetra 25 yojana kA hI batAyA hai| malayagiri ne bhI jinabhadragaNi kA samarthana kiyA hai| 49 prajJApanA sUtra ke pAMcaveM pada (jIvaparyAya) meM manuSya kI jaghanya avadhijJAna meM avagAhanA tristhAnapatita batAI hai| ataH manuSya jaghanya avadhijJAna lekara parabhava meM nahIM jAtA hai| vaha avadhijJAna tiryaMca paMcendriya se lAyA huA hI hotA hai| jIvAbhigama ke vaimAnika uddezaka kI TIkA meM dUsare samaya meM devatAoM ke bhavaprAyogya avadhi honA batAyA hai, lekina yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki usameM kama se kama asaMkhya samaya to laga hI jAte haiN| dUsarI mAnyatA - zrAvaka zrI dalapatarAyajI kRta navatattvapraznottarI ke anusAra vaimAnika deva aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga jitane sUkSma dravyoM ko jAnane vAle hote haiN| kintu bhavanapatyAdi deva nahIM jAna sakate haiM, isalie vaimAnika meM jaghanya avadhijJAna kA kSetra aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga aura 243. tattvArtharAjavArttika 1.21.6, pR. 55 244. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 699 245. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti pR. 86 246. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 695-697 247. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, prajJApanAsUtra bhAga 3, pR. 187 248. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 53, SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.59, gAthA 17, pR. 327 249. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti pR. 87

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [343] bhavanapatyAdi meM 25 yojana batAyA hai| yadi koI jIva parabhava se avadhijJAna lAtA hai to jaghanya aMgula kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga aura utkRSTa dezona loka taka kA avadhijJAna lA sakatA hai evaM pUrvabhava se avadhijJAna lAye binA bhI manuSya aura tiryaMcapaMcendriya vaimAnika devoM meM utpanna hote haiN| bhavanapati, vyaMtara Adi devoM meM bhI pUrvabhava se avadhijJAna lAkara utpanna ho sakate haiM, kintu inakA avadhi vaimAnikoM jitanA vizAla nahIM hone se deva bhava ke prathama samaya meM hI devabhava sambandhI avadhi ho jAtA hai| ataH parabhavajanya (parabhava se lAye) avadhi kSetra kI sImA yahA~ nahIM rahatI hai| vaimAnika devoM meM avadhijJAna kA utkRSTa pramANa Avazyakaniyukti prajJApanAsUtra ke teMtIsaveM (avadhipada) aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya 52 meM vimAnavAsI devoM ke avadhijJAna kA utkRSTa pramANa batAyA hai, jo nimna prakAra se hai| devaloka kSetra 1-2 devaloka (saudharma-IzAna) pahalI naraka pRthvI ke caramAMta taka (prajJApanA) 3-4 devaloka (sanatkumAra-mAhendra) dUsarI naraka pRthvI ke caramAMta taka 5-6 devaloka (brahmaloka-lAntaka) tIsarI naraka pRthvI ke caramAMta taka 7-8 devaloka (mahAzukra-sahasrAra) cauthI naraka pRthvI ke caramAMta taka 9-12 devaloka (ANata-prANata-AraNa-acyuta) pAMcavIM naraka pRthvI ke caramAMta taka 9 graiveyaka kI nIce kI trika chaThI naraka pRthvI ke caramAMta taka 9 graiveyaka kI bIca kI trika chaThI naraka pRthvI ke caramAMta taka 9 graiveyaka kI Upara kI trika sAtavIM naraka pRthvI ke caramAMta taka 5 anuttara vimAna saMbhinna saMpUrNa loka nAr3I matAntara - rAjendra abhidhAna koSa anuttara vimAna kA utkRSTa avadhikSetra meM trasa nAr3I batAyA hai| aisA mAnane para loka ke bahuta saMkhyAta bhAga chUTa jAte haiN| isase kArmaNa vargaNA jAnane meM bAdhA AyegI prajJApanA sUtra ke pandrahaveM pada kI TIkA meM kArmaNa vargaNA mAtra anuttara deva jAnate haiM, aisA ullekha hai| kArmaNa vargaNA ko jAnane vAlA loka ke bahuta saMkhyAtaveM bhAgoM ko jAnatA hai| ataH anuttara vimAna devoM ke avadhi kA kSetra saMbhinna saMpUrNa loka nAr3I kahanA cAhie, na ki trasa naadd'ii| vaimAnika deva tirachA jambUdvIpa Adi aura lavaNa samudrAdi asaMkhyAta dvIpa aura samudraparyaMta dekhate haiN| Upara ke deva tirachA kSetra bar3hate-bar3hate dekhate haiN| Urdhva arthAt UMcA apane vimAna kI dhvajA taka dekhate haiN| vaimAnika ko chor3akara zeSa devatAoM ke avadhijJAna kA kSetra pramANa sAmAnya se isa prakAra hai| AdhA sAgaropama se kama AyuSyavAlA deva saMkhyAta yojana taka aura usase adhika AyuSya vAle deva asaMkhyAta yojana taka utkRSTa kSetra dekhate haiM arthAt devoM ke avadhijJAna ke kSetra kA viSaya unakI sthiti ke anusAra hai| malayagiri ne bhI avadhijJAna ke nIce kA pramANa to Avazyakaniyukti ke anusAra hI batAyA hai| tirachA kSetra kA pramANa akalaMka jaisA hI asaMkhya dvIpa-samudra mAnA hai|54 prazna - bhavanapati deva ke avadhijJAna kA U~cA kSetra pahale aura dUsare devaloka taka kA hai aura vaimAnika deva ke avadhijJAna kA U~cA kSetra apane vimAna kI dhvajA patAkA taka kA hI hai, to isa 250. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 48-49 251. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, prajJApanAsUtra bhAga 3 252. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 695-697 253. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 52, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 698-699 254. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti pR. 87

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[344] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana nyUnatA kA kyA kAraNa hai? vaimAnika deva vizeSa Rddhi evaM zakti sampanna hote hue bhI Urdhva loka kA kSetra bhavanapati devoM se kama hai? uttara - yaha antara svAbhAvika hai| vaimAnika devoM kI avadhi kA svabhAva hI aisA hai ki apane vimAnoM kI dhvajA taka hI dekhate haiN| vaise avadhijJAna vividha svabhAva vAlA hai| usa jAti ke devoM ke Urdhva avalokana kA aisA hI svabhAva hai| isakA eka lAbha unheM yaha hotA hai ki ve vaimAnika deva, apane vimAnoM se Upara ke devaloka ke devoM ko aura unakI vizeSa Rddhi Adi ko nahIM dekhate haiM jisase unake mana meM khinnatA utpanna nahIM hotii| ataH unake avadhijJAna kA svabhAva hI aisA hai ki devaloka kI sImA taka hI dekha sakate haiN| SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI vaimAnika devoM ke utkRSTa avadhijJAna ke kSetra kA varNana lagabhaga Avazyakaniyukti jaisA hI milatA hai, sAtha hI una donoM meM jo vibhinnatA hai, vaha nimna prakAra se hai - 1. zvetAmbara paramparA meM bAraha devalokoM kA hI ullekha hai jabaki digambara paramparA meM solaha devalokoM kA ullekha hai| jaise ki 1. saudharma 2. IzAna 3. sanatkumAra 4. mAhendra 5. brahmaloka (brahma) 6. brahmottara 7. lAntaka 8. kApiSTha 9. zukra 10. mahAzukra 11. zatAra 12. sahasrAra 13. ANata 14. prANata 15. AraNa 16. acyut| solaha meM se bAraha to zvetAmbara paramparA ke hI nAma haiM, lekina unakA krama Age pIche hai| vIrasenAcArya ne kaunase devaloka vAlA kula kitane rajju kSetra aura kitane kAla ko dekhatA hai, isakA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| jaise ki saudharma aura IzAna kalpavAsI deva apane vimAna ke Uparima talamaMDala se lekara prathama pRthvI ke nIce ke tala taka Der3ha rajju lambe aura eka rajju vistAra vAle kSetra ko dekhate haiN| kAla kI apekSA se asaMkhyAta karor3a varSoM kI bAta jAnate haiN| isa prakAra solaha hI devalokoM ke kSetra kA ullekha dhavalA TIkAkAra ne kiyA hai|55 2. Avazyakaniyukti meM navagraiveyaka ke vibhAga karake avadhi kA viSaya batAyA hai| jabaki SaTakhaNDAgama meM navagraiveyaka kA viSaya ekasAtha (chaThI nArakI taka) hI batAyA hai| akalaMka ne bhI aisA hI varNana kiyA hai| 3. dhavalATIkAra ne nau anudiza ke devoM kA ullekha karate hue inakA bhI avadhi kSetra batAyA hai jaise ki nau anudiza aura pAMca anuttara vimAnavAsI deva apane-apane vimAnazikhara se lekara nIce nigodasthAna se bAhara ke vAtavalaya taka kucha kama caudaha rajju lambI aura eka rajju vistAravAlI saba lokanAlI ko dekhate haiN| lekina isa prakAra kA ullekha niyukti aura bhASya meM nahIM milatA hai| 4. dhavalATIkAkAra ke anusAra pAMca anuttara vimAnavAsI deva kucha kama caudaha rajju lambI aura eka rajju vistAravAlI saba lokanAlI ko dekhate haiN| yahA~ lokanAlI antardIpaka hai, aisA jAnakara usako sabhI ke sAtha jor3anA caahie| jaise ki saudharma aura IzAna kalpavAsI deva apane vimAna ke zikhara se lekara pahalI pRthvI taka sampUrNa lokanAlI ko dekhate haiN| sanatkumAra aura mAhendra ke deva dUsarI pRthvI taka saba lokanAlI ko dekhate haiN| aisI saMyojanA sabhI kalpavAsI devoM ke sAtha kahanI caahie|59 lekina isa prakAra kA ullekha niyukti aura bhASya meM nahIM milatA hai| akalaMka ne bhI lagabhaga SaTakhaNDAgama jaisA hI ullekha kiyA hai, kintu kalpavAsI devoM ke avadhijJAna ke kSetra kA jaghanya aura utkRSTa pramANa spaSTa rUpa se ullekha kiyA hai, jaise ki saudharma aura 255. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.59, gAthA 12-14, pR. 316-320 256. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 47-48 257. SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.59. gAthA 12, tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.21, pR. 55 258. SaTakhaNDAgama, pu. 13, pR. 319 259. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, pR. 320

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [345] IzAna svargavAsI devoM ke jaghanya avadhi kA pramANa jyotiSiyoM ke utkRSTa kSetra pramANa jitanA hai tathA utkRSTa avadhi nIce kI ora ratnaprabhA ke antima paTala taka hai / sanatkumAra aura mAhendra meM nIce kI ora jaghanya ratnaprabhA ke antima paTala taka aura utkRSTa zarkarAprabhA ke antima paTala taka avadhi kA kSetra hai| isa prakAra sabhI kalpavAsI devoM kA kSetra batAyA hai| 260 lekina isa prakAra kA ullekha niryukti, bhASya aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM nahIM milatA hai| akalaMka ne avadhijJAna ke tirache kSetra kA pramANa asaMkhyAta koTAkoTI yojana kA mAnA hai| paramAvadhi kA kAlAdi kI apekSA jJeya pramANa akalaMka ke anusAra dravya, kAla aura bhAva kI dRSTi se avadhijJAnI pahale jisakA jitanA kSetra kahA hai utane hI AkAza pradeza pramANa kAla aura dravya kA jAnatA hai arthAt avadhijJAnI utane samaya pramANa bhUta-bhaviSya kAla ko jAnatA hai aura utane bhedavAle ananta pradezI pudgalaskandhoM ko jAnatA hai| bhAva kI dRSTi se avadhijJAnI viSayabhUta pudgala skaMdhoM ke rUpAdi paryAya aura jIva ke audayika, aupazamika aura kSAyopazamika bhAvoM ko jAnatA hai / 261 1 bhAva kI apekSA avadhijJAnI jaghanya anantabhAvoM ko jAnatA hai| vaha pratyeka dravya kI varNAdika (varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza) paryAyoM ko hI jAnatA hai| lekina dravya ananta hone se una saba kI ananta paryAya hotI hai| eka dravya kI ananta paryAyeM hotI haiM aura ananta dravyoM kI bhI ananta paryAyeM hI hotI haiN| lekina avadhijJAnI ina sabhI paryAyoM kA anantavAM bhAga hI jAnatA hai| varNAdi meM ananta prakAra kI tIvratAmandatA hote hue bhI avadhijJAnI amuka prakAra kI tIvratA aura mandatA ko hI jAnate haiN| ata: vaha dravya kI ananta paryAyoM kA jAnatA hai, aisA kahA hai| jaise-jaise avadhijJAna kI paryAya bar3hegI taba bIca-bIca kI tIvratA-mandatA ko bhI jAnane lgegaa| jaise pahale kAle varNa kI 10 guNa paryAya ko jAna rahA thA, phira 20 guNa, 30 guNa jAnatA hai, paryAya bar3hate-bar3hate anantaguNa paryAya ko bhI jAnatA hai / jaghanya avadhi meM paryAyeM kama dekhatA hai aura utkRSTa avadhi meM paryAyeM adhika dekhatA hai| varNAdi ke halke darjoM meM anantaguNa bar3hatA hai to zIghra patA cala jAtA hai| lekina Age-Age jaise-jaise ghanatA bar3hatI jAtI hai, to adhika antara se jAna pAtA hai| jaise sUryAsta hone para andhakAra kA patA cala jAtA hai ki aba aMdhakAra bar3ha rahA hai| lekina aMdhakAra bar3ha jAne para arthAt andhakAra kI pragAr3hatA hone para patA nahIM lagatA hai ki aMdhakAra adhika pragAr3ha ho rahA hai| vaise hI varNAdi ke bAre meM samajhanA caahie| jaghanya - utkRSTa avadhijJAna ke svAmI dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA utkRSTa avadhijJAna manuSyoM meM hI hotA hai| jaghanya avadhijJAna manuSya aura tiryaMca gati meM hI hotA hai, sAtha hI madhyama avadhijJAna bhI hotA hai| lekina deva aura nArakI meM madhyama avadhijJAna hI hotA hai arthAt manuSya gati meM tInoM prakAra, tiryaMca gati meM do prakAra kA tathA deva aura nArakI meM eka hI prakAra kA avadhijJAna pAyA jAtA hai| aisA hI ullekha Avazyakaniryukti aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI prApta hotA hai| utkRSTa avadhijJAna do prakAra kA hotA hai| prathama saMpUrNa loka ko jAnane vAlA jo ki pratipAtI hotA hai| dUsarA aloka meM dekhane vAlA jo kiapratipAtI hotA hai arthAt jo saMpUrNa loka se eka bhI pradeza adhika dekhatA hai, vaha avadhijJAna apratipAtI hotA hai|262 260. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.21, pR. 55 261. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.21, pR. 55 262. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 703

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[346] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 3. saMsthAna dvAra kSetra kI dRSTi se avadhijJAna ke jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa aise tIna prakAra batAye haiN| kSetra kI dRSTi se pratyeka avadhijJAna meM kucha bhinnatA hotI hai| jitane kSetra kA avadhijJAna hotA hai, usa kSetra kA AkAra pratyeka ke lie eka jaisA nahIM hotaa| jaghanya avadhijJAna kA saMsthAna sUkSma panaka kI avagAhanA jitane jaghanya avadhijJAna kA saMsthAna stibuka (pAnI kI bUnda) ke samAna gola (vRtta) hotA hai| utkRSTa avadhijJAna kA saMsthAna sabhI agnikAya jIvoM kI sUcI banAkara ghumAne para jo AkAra bane vaha utkRSTa avadhijJAna kA saMsthAna hotA hai| yaha pUrNataH vRtta rUpa nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki sabhI agni kAya ke jIvoM kI sUcI banAkara avadhijJAnI ke zarIra ke cAroM ora ghumAne para jo AkAra bane, vaha AkAra utkRSTa avadhijJAnI kA hotA hai, jo ki pUrNa rUpa se vRtta rUpa nahIM hotA hai| madhyama avadhijJAna ke saMsthAna madhyama avadhijJAna ke kSetra ke aneka AkAra hote haiN| isalie isake aneka saMsthAna hote haiN|263 madhyama avadhijJAna ke saMsthAna nimna prakAra se haiMnArakI ke avadhijJAna kA saMsthAna yaha tapra ke AkAra kA hotA hai| 'nadI ke prabhAva se dUra se bahatA huA kASTha samudAya' tapra kahalAtA hai 64 yaha kASTha samudAya lambA aura trikoNa hotA hai| yaha tapra eka prakAra kI choTI nAva (hor3I) hai, jo Age kI ora se to tIkhI hotI hai, pIche kI ora se caur3I hotI hai| isI taraha nairayika ke avadhijJAna kA saMsthAna bhI lambA aura trikoNa hotA hai arthAt nAraka avadhijJAna se jo kSetra dekhate haiM, vaha tipAI jaisA hotA hai| Upara saMkar3A aura nIce caur3A, isa AkAra se unakA avadhi hotA hai| ve nAraka Upara vizeSa avalokana nahIM kara sakate haiN| yuvAcArya madhukaramuni tapra kA artha DoMgI athavA lambI aura trikonI naukA karate haiM-65 tathA bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA ne pAnI para tirane kA trApA (tarApA) artha kiyA hai 66 bhavanapati deva ke avadhijJAna kA saMsthAna yaha pallaka ke AkAra kA hotA hai| palya (dhAna bharane kA pAtra) kA AkAra Urdhva meM laMbA aura mukha kI ora sakar3A hotA hai| lAr3ha deza meM prasiddha dhAna bharane kA eka pAtra vizeSa jo Upara aura nIce kI ora lambA tathA Upara kucha sikur3A huA hotA hai|267 yaha koThI ke AkAra kA hotA hai|68 pallaka bhavanapati ke avadhijJAna kA saMsthAna hotA hai| 263. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 54, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 704-705 264. tapro nAma kASTasamudAyavizeSo yo nadIpravAheNa plAvyamAno duuraadaaniiyte| - Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 54, malayagiri vRtti, pR. 68 265. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, prajJApanA sUtra, bhAga 3, pada 33, pR. 182, 191 266. bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, 'avadhijJAna', sva. mohanalAla bAMThiyA smRti grantha, pR. 263 267. pallako nAma lATadeze dhAnyAdhAravizeSaH, sa ca UrdhvAyata upari ca kinycitsNkssiptH|- Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 54 vRtti, pR.68 268. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, prajJApanA sUtra, bhAga 3, pada 33, pR.191

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paMcama adhyAya vANavyaMtara deva ke avadhijJAna kA saMsthAna yaha paTaha (Dhola) ke AkAra kA hotA hai| isakA AkAra Upara evaM nIce eka samAna hotA hai| yaha eka prakAra kA bAjA hotA hai / 269 jyotiSI deva ke avadhijJAna kA saMsthAna vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna yaha jhAlara ke AkAra kA hotA hai| nIce aura Upara camar3e se bAMdhI huI vistIrNa valaya rUpa jhallI ke AkAra kA arthAt jhAlara, jo eka prakAra kA bAjA hotI hai, ise golAkAra DhapalI bhI kahate haiN| arthAt lambAI-caur3AI adhika aura U~cAI (jAr3AI) kama hotI hai pahale devaloka se 12veM devaloka taka ke deva ke avadhijJAna kA saMsthAna UrdhvamRdaMga arthAt Urdhva Ayata aisA mRdaMga hotA hai jo nIce se paTaha ( caur3A) aura Upara se saMkaDA hotA hai| Upara ko uThA huA mRdaMga jo nIce vistIrNa aura Upara saMkSipta hotA hai navagraiveyaka deva ke avadhijJAna kA saMsthAna I yaha phUloM kI caMgerI ke samAna hotA hai phUloM kI caMgerI, sUta se guMthe hue phUloM kI zikhAyukta cNgerii| caMgerI TokarI yA chabar3I ko bhI kahate haiM arthAt nIce bahuta caur3A phira kramazaH saMkar3A, phira caur3A phira saMkar3A abhidhAna rAjendra koza meM navagraiveyaka kA avidhajJAna sAta zikhAyukta puSpa caMgerI ke AkAra kA batAyA hai, kintu eka caMgerI kA mAnanA jyAdA ucita hai| anuttara vimAna ke devoM ke avadhijJAna kA saMsthAna tapra (nArakI) yaha yavanAlaka arthAt kanyA kI colI (kaMcuka) jaisA hotA hai / yavanAlaka arthAt sarakaMcuA athavA glkNcuaa| isakA AkAra turakarNI jo pahareNa paridhAna pahanatI hai vaisA hotA hai| 273 pallaka paTaha (bhavanapati) (vANavyaMtara) [347] jhAlara (jyotiSa) urdhvamRdaMga (1 2 devaloka ) phUloM kI caMgerI ( navagraiveyaka) yavanAlaka (anuttara vimAna) citra: nArakI aura devatA ke avadhijJAna ke saMsthAna 269. paTahaka AtodyavizeSa: pratIta eva, sa ca nA'tyAyato'dha upari ca samaH / 270. ubhayato vistIrNacarmAvanaddhamukhA madhye saMkIrNo kAlakSaNe''todyavizeSo jhrii| 271. mRdaGgo'pyAtodyameva sa cordhvAyato'dhovistIrNa upari ca tanukastadAkAro'vadhiH / 272. puSphetti sUcanAt sUtramiti kRtvA sapraSikhA puSpabhRtA caMGgerI puSpacaGgerI parigRhyate / 273. javetti yavo yavanAlakaH, sa ca kanyAcolako'vagantavyaH / ayaM ca marumaNDalAdiprasiddhazcaraNakarUpeNa kanyAparidhAnena saha sIvito bhavati, yena paridhAnaM na khasati, kanyAnAM caiSa mastakasatkapakSeNA'yaM prakSipyate, ayaM cordhvaH sarakaMcuka iti vyapadizyate / -269 se 273 taka ke phUTa noTa maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 706, pR. 300 se uddhRta hai|

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[348] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana uparyukta saMsthAnoM kI apekSA deva, nAraka meM avadhi sarvakAla niyata hotA hai arthAt deva aura nArakI ke avadhijJAna ke kSetra kA AkAra hamezA uparyukta AkAra kA hI hotA hai| vaha AkAra dUsare AkAra meM parivartita nahIM hotA hai |74 tiryaMca, manuSya meM avadhijJAna kA saMsthAna manuSya aura tiryaMca ke avadhijJAna kA saMsthAna aniyata hai arthAt jaise svayaMbhUramaNa meM matsya vibhinna AkAra vAle hote haiM, lekina valayAkAra vAlA matsya nahIM hotA hai| lekina manuSya aura tiryaMca ke avadhijJAna kA saMsthAna valayAkAra sahita jitane saMsthAna (AkAra) ke matsya hote haiM utane prakAra kA hotA hai arthAt manuSya aura tiryaMca ke avidhajJAna kA saMsthAna valayAkAra rUpa adhika hotA hai| jisa manuSya aura tiryaMca ko jisa AkAra (saMsthAna) kA avadhijJAna huA hai, vaha jIvana paryaMta raha bhI sakatA hai aura badala bhI sakatA hai|75 avadhijJAna kI dizA meM vRddhi vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra bhavanapati aura vANavyaMtara deva ke avadhijJAna ke kSetra meM vRddhi hogI to vaha Urdhva dizA meM hI hogI, zeSa vaimAnika devoM ke avadhijJAna kSetra meM vRddhi adho dizA meM hotI hai| nArakI aura jyotiSI ke avadhijJAna kA kSetra tirachA adhika bar3hatA hai| audArika zarIra vAle tiryaMca aura manuSya ko vividha saMsthAnoM ke rUpa meM vividha dizAoM meM avidhajJAna hotA hai| jaise ki kisI ko Urdhva dizA meM adhika hotA hai to kisI ko adho dizA meM, kisI kA tirachI dizA meM aura kisI kisI kA do-tIna-cAroM dizAoM meM adhika hotA hai| malayagiri ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai| prajJApanA sUtra ke avadhipada ke tIsare saMsthAna dvAra meM bhI aisA hI ullekha hai| prazna - avadhijJAna ke kSetra aura saMsthAna meM kyA antara hai? uttara - avadhijJAna kA jaiseki kSetra parimANa jJeya kI apekSA se aura saMsthAna jJAna ke AkAra kI apekSA se batAyA hai| ___SaTakhaNDAgama (dhavalATIkA) meM zarIra ke saMsthAna batAye haiM, yathA pRthvIkAya ke zarIra kA AkAra masUra ke samAna hotA hai| isI prakAra chaha kAya (zarIra) kA AkAra niyata hai aura zrotrendriyAdi pAMca indriyoM kA bhI niyata AkAra AgamoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| kintu avadhijJAna kA avadhijJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama kI vicitratA se niyata AkAra (saMsthAna) nahIM hai arthAt yaha aneka prakAra ke AkAra kA hotA hai| ve AkAra (saMsthAna) zarIragata zrIvatsa, kalaza, zaMkha, svastika Adi aneka prakAra ke hote haiM 79 ye saMsthAna zubha hote haiN| eka jIva meM eka, do, tIna Adi zaMkhAdi zubha saMsthAna saMbhava haiN| ye zubha saMsthAna tiryaMca aura manuSyoM ke nAbhi ke uparima bhAga meM hI hote haiN| dhavalA meM vibhaMgajJAna ke kSetra saMsthAnoM kA bhI varNana milatA hai| tiryaMca aura manuSya vibhaMgajJAniyoM ke nAbhi ke nIce giragiTa Adi azubha saMsthAna hote haiN| jaba vibhaMgajJAniyoM ke samyaktva Adi ke phalasvarUpa 274. taprAdyAkArasamAnatayA yad nArakaM-bhavanapatyAdidevAnAvadheH saMstAnamuktam, tadaGgIkRtya teSAmavadhi: sarvakAlaM niyato'vasthita eva bhavati, na tvanyAkAratayA prinnmti| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, maladhArI hemacandra TIkA gAthA 711, pR. 301 275. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 712 276. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 713, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti pR. 87-89 277. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, prajJApanAsUtra bhAga 3, pR. 190-191 278. khettado tAva anneysNtthaannsNtthitaa| jahA kAyANamiMdiyANaM ca paDiNiyadaM saMThANaM tahA ohiNANassa Na hodi, kintu ohiNANAvaraNIyakhaovasamagadajIvapadesANaM karaNI bhUdasarIrapadesA aNeyasaMThANasaMThiyA hoti| - SaTakhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.57, pR. 296 279. sirivaccha-kalasa-saMkha-sovittha-NaMdAvattAdINi saMThANANi NAdavvANi bhvNti| - SaTakhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.58, pR.297

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paMcama adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [349] avadhijJAna kI utpatti hotI hai to nIce ke giragiTa Adi azubha AkAra miTakara nAbhi ke Upara zaMkha Adi zubha AkAra ho jAte haiN| vaise hI avadhijJAnI ke mithyAtva kA udaya AtA hai aura vibhaMgajJAnI banatA hai to zubha saMsthAna miTakara azubha saMsthAna meM parivartita ho jAte haiN|280 Avazyakaniryukti aura bhASya ne avadhijJAna ke saMsthAnoM meM zarIragata saMsthAna kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| isa prakAra digambara AcAryoM ne avadhijJAna ke saMsthAnoM ke bAre meM spaSTa carcA kI hai to zvetAmbara AcArya lagabhaga isa viSaya para mauna rahe hai / isakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki unake sAmane isa viSaya kI vyAkhyA spaSTa nahIM rahI hogI / avadhijJAna kI kiraNoM kA nirgamana zarIra ke mAdhyama se hotA hai jaise jAlIdAra Dhakkana ke chidroM se dIpaka kA prakAza bAhara kI ora phailatA hai vaise hI avadhijJAna kA prakAza zarIra ke spardhakoM ke mAdhyama se bAhara kI ora phailatA hai| aisA hI ullekha jinadAsagaNi ne naMdIcUrNi meM bhI kiyA hai| jinabhadragaNi Adi zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne avadhijJAna kI prakAza kiraNoM ke saMsthAna kA ullekha kiyA hai, kintu unake saMsthAna kA AdhAra zarIra meM sthita saMsthAna hote haiM, isakA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| bhagavatI sUtra zataka 8 uddezaka 2 meM vibhaMgajJAna ke nAnA saMsthAnoM kA ullekha hai jaise ki grAmasaMsthita, nagara saMsthita yAvat sanniveza saMsthita, dvIpa saMsthita, samudra saMsthita, varSa saMsthita ityAdi / 282 lekina avadhijJAna ke saMsthAnoM kA vahA~ koI ullekha nahIM hai| yadi AgamakAroM ko avadhijJAna ke saMsthAna iSTa hote to jisa prakAra vibhaMgajJAna ke saMsthAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, usI prakAra avadhijJAna ke saMsthAnoM kA bhI ullekha kara dete| zvetAmbarAcAryoM ko yadi zrutaparamparA se avadhijJAna ke saMsthAnoM kI jAnakArI prApta hotI athava avadhijJAna ke saMsthAnoM ko mAnane kI koI prAcIna paramparA hotI to kisI na kisI vyAkhyAgrantha meM isakA ullekha avazya prApta hotA, lekina abhI taka aisA ullekha prApta nahIM huA hai| jaba taka isa viSaya meM puSTatara pramANa nahIM prApta hote haiM taba taka to zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra avadhijJAna ke zarIragata saMsthAna nahIM mAnanA hI adhika ucita pratIta hotA hai| avadhijJAna ke saMsthAna ke sambandha meM dUsarI mAnyatA AcArya mahAprajJa sampAdita naMdIsUtra meM prApta hotI hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne aMtagata aura madhyagata avadhijJAna ko caitanyakendroM ke gamaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai|283 unhoMne SaTkhaNDAgama 284 aura dhavalA ke uddharaNa dekara karaNa yA caitanya kendra ko siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| 'khetto tAva aNeyasaMThAnasaMThidA sirivaccha- kalasa saMkha-sovitthaNaMdAvattAdINi saMThANANi NAdavvANi bhvNti|' isa uddharaNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki jIva ke Atma-pradezoM ke kSAyopazamika vikAra ke AdhAra para caitanya kendramaya zarIra pradezoM ke aneka saMsthAna banate haiM / SaTkhaNDAgama aura dhavalA meM unakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| prastuta Agama (naMdI sUtra) meM unake nAmoM kA nirdeza nahIM hai| aMtagata aura madhyagata ke rUpa meM unakA spaSTa nirdeza hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM prApta vibhaMgajJAna ke saMsthAnoM ke ullekha se yaha anumAna karanA sahaja hai ki avadhijJAna se bhI Agama sAhitya meM thA, kiMtu vaha kisI kAraNavaza vilupta ho gayA pas 280. tirikkha - maNussavihaMgaNANINaM NAhIe heTThA saraDAviasuhasaMThANANi hoMti / saMbaddha caitanya kendroM kA nirdeza SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA), pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.58, pR. 298-299 281. iha phaGgakAni avadhijJAnanigamadvArANi athavA gavAkSajAlAdivyavahitapradIpaprabhAvaphakAnIya phttttkaani| Avazyaka haribhadrIya vRtti, sUtra 61 282. se kiM taM vibhaMganANe ? vibhaMganANe agegavihe paNNatte, taMjahA - gAmasaMThie nagarasaMThie jAva saMnnivesasaMThie dIvasaMThie samuddasaMThie vAsasaMtie vAsaharatira vyakti dhUmasaMThie hasalie gaThie narasaTie kinnarasa~Tie kiMpurisasatie mahoragasalie gaMdhavvasaMThie usabhasaMThie pasu pasaya-vihaga vAnaraNANAsaMThANasaMThite paNNate / - bhagavatI sUtra bhAga 2, za. 8, udde. 2, pR. 252-253 283. AcArya mahAprajJa, naMdIsUtra, pR. 57-58 284. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.58, pR. 297

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[350] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana paM. sukhalAla saMghavI286 ke anusAra digambara sAhitya287 meM avadhijJAna aura mana:paryavajJAna kI utpatti ke zarIragata kAraNa ullikhita haiM, jo ki zvetAmbara graMthoM meM nahIM haiN| unake anusAra avadhijJAna kI utpatti AtmA ke unhIM pradezoM se hotI hai jo ki zaMkha Adi zubha cihna vAle aMgoM meM vartamAna hote haiM tathA mana:paryavajJAna kI utpatti AtmA ke una pradezoM se hotI hai jinakA ki saMbaMdha dravya mana ke sAtha hai arthAt dravya mana kA sthAna hRdaya hI hai| isalie hRdaya bhAga meM sthita AtmA ke pradezoM meM hI mana:paryavajJAna kA kSayopazama hotA hai, paraMtu zaMkha Adi zubha cihnoM kA saMbhava sabhI aMgoM meM ho sakatA hai, isa kAraNa avadhijJAna ke kSayopazama kI yogyatA kisI khAsa aMga ke vartamAna Atma-pradeza meM hI nahIM mAnI jA sakatI hai| 4. AnugAmika-ananugAmika avadhijJAna jinabhadragaNi ne isakA ullekha vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 714-716 taka kiyA hai| isakA svarUpa nimna prakAra se hai - AnugAmika avadhijJAna umAsvAti ke anusAra - jaise sUrya kA prakAza sUrya kA anusaraNa karatA hai aura ghaTa kI chAyA ghaTa kA anusaraNa karatI hai, usI prakAra avadhijJAnI jaise-jaise Age bar3hatA hai vaise-vaise avadhijJAna usakA anusaraNa karatA hai, use AnugAmika avadhijJAna kahate haiM 288 jinabhadragaNi kA abhimata hai ki 'aNugAmio'Nugacchai gacchaMtaM, loyaNaM jahA purisaM' arthAt avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se AtmapradezoM kI vizuddhi ho jAne para jo jJAna eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para jAte hue apane svAmI kA AMkha kI taraha anugamana kare, vaha AnugAmika avadhijJAna hai 89 jinadAsagaNi kahate haiM ki jo gamana karane vAle manuSya kA maryAdApUrvaka anugamana karane vAlA hai vaha anugAmI kahalAtA hai| anugama jisa jJAna kA prayojana hai, vaha cakSu ke samAna anugAmI hai| jisa prakAra cakSu vyakti kA anugamana karatI hai, usI prakAra vaha avadhijJAna bhI vyakti kA anugamana karatA hai| aisA hI ullekha haribhada aura malayagiri ne bhI kiyA hai| akalaMka ke vacanAnusAra- jo avadhijJAna sUrya ke prakAza ke samAna pIche-pIche bhavAntara taka jAtA hai, vaha anugAmI avadhijJAna hai|92 vIrasecanAcArya kA kahanA hai ki jo avadhijJAna eka bhava se dUsare bhava meM utpanna jIva ke sAtha jAtA hai, vaha anugAmI avadhijJAna hai 93 ___ maladhArI hemacandra ke anusAra - jo avadhijJAna AMkhoM ke samAna puruSa ke sAtha rahatA hai vaha AnugAmika avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai| yaha avadhi nArakI aura devoM ke hotA hai|94 285. AcArya mahAprajJa, naMdIsUtra, pR. 57-58 286. karmagrantha bhAga 1 ke pariziSTa 287. gommaTasAra(jIvakAMDa) bhAga 2, gAthA 442 288. tattvArthabhASya 1.23 289. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 715 290. aNugAmiyaM ti aNugamaNasIlo aNugAmito tadAvaraNakhayovasamAtappadesavisuddhagamaNattAto loyaNaM v| -naMdIcUrNi pR. 26 291. hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti pR. 26, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 81 292. bhaaskrprkaassvdgcchNtmnugcchti| - tattArtharAjavArtika, 1.22.4, pR. 56 293. jamohiNANamuppaNNaM saMtaM joveNa saha gacchadi tamaNugAmI nnaannN| - SaTakhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.56, pR. 294 294. anugamanazIla AnugAmukaH, yaH samutpanno'vadhi: svasvAminaM deSAntaramabhivrajantamanugacchati, locanavat.. ..nArakAraNAM tathA devAnAM ceti| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 714 bRhadvRtti pR. 302

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paMcama adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [351] uparyukta varNana kA sArAMza yaha hai ki jisa sthAna yA jisa bhava meM kisI ko avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai, yadi vaha avadhijJAnI sthAnAntara athavA dUsare bhava meM calA jAe to bhI vaha avadhijJAna sAtha meM rahe to, aise avadhijJAna ko AnugAmika avadhijJAna kahate haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcAryoM ne to anugama kA artha sAtha jAtA hai itanA hI kiyA, jabaki digambarAcAryoM ne anugama kA artha parabhava bhI kiyA hai| isa prakAra sabhI pUrvApara AcAryoM ne anugAmI avadhijJAna ko paribhASita kiyA hai| Avazyakaniryukti aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM AnugAmika avadhijJAna ke bheda-prabheda Adi kA varNana nahIM hai| naMdIsUtra, naMdIcUrNi Adi meM avadhijJAna ke bheda-prabheda kA ullekha prApta hotA hai jo ki nimna prakAra se hai| naMdIsUtra meM AnugAmika avadhijJAna ke do bheda kie haiM- (1) aMtagata aura (2) madhyagata1295 1. aMtagata AnugAmika avadhijJAna jo avadhijJAna AtmapradezoM ke kisI eka chora meM viziSTa kSayopazama hone utpanna hotA hai, vaha avadhijJAna aMtagata avadhijJAna hai / 2% athavA paryaMta meM jo vyavasthita ho usakA nAma aMtagata AnugAmika avadhijJAna hai| athavA kone ke aMta meM prApta hue jJAna ko aMtagata avadhijJAna kahate haiM / jisa prakAra jala kA kinArA (jala ke kisI chora meM), vana kA kinArA, parvata kA kinArA inameM aMta zabda kA prayoga paryaMtavAcI ke rUpa meM huA hai| vaise hI aMtagata zabda aMta zabda ke paryaMtavAcI ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai na ki vinAzavAcI ke rUpa meM 1297 jisa prakAra dIpaka kA prakAza chahoM dizAoM meM phailatA hai, kintu pAMca dizAoM ko Avarita karane para vaha dizA ko hI prakAzita karegA / jisa dizA ko Avarita nahIM kiyA gayA vaha dizA hI dIpaka se prakAzita hogI / usI prakAra avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke aise kSayopazama ko jo kisI eka dizA ke padArthoM ko prakAzita kare vaha antagata avidhajJAna hai / jaise sabhI AtmapradezoM para cakSudarzanAvaraNa kA kSayopazama hotA hai, lekina cakSudarzana kA upakaraNa jahA~ para hai vahIM se dikhatA hai, vaise hI antagata avadhijJAna ke dvArA bhI jIva zarIra ke usI bhAga se dekhatA hai| jisa bhAga ke dravya avadhijJAna meM sahAyaka haiN| ubalate pAnI ke samAna rucaka pradezoM ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI Atma- pradeza ghUmate rahate haiN| Atmapradeza una sahAyaka dravyoM ke sthAna para Ate haiM, to una hI AtmapradezoM se avadhijJAnI dekhatA hai| avadhijJAna AtmapratyakSa hote hue bhI isameM dravyAdi padArtha sAdhaka-bAdhaka bana sakate haiN| cUrNikAra aura TIkAkAra ne antagata avadhijJAna ko tIna prakAra se paribhASita kiyA hai arthAt isake tIna bheda kiye haiM / 1. AtmapradezAMta - audArika zarIra ke aMta (chora) meM sthita AtmapradezoM se spardhaka (phaDDaka) avadhijJAna hotA hai, jisase eka dizA meM jAnA jAtA hai / 298 jinadAsagaNi, haribhadra aura malayagiri ke anusAra uparyukta svabhAva jahA~ jaise spardhaka hote haiM vahA~ vaisA hI avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai / yadi ye spardhaka AtmapradezoM ke aMta taka sthita haiM to paryantavartI AtmapradezoM se hI sAkSAt avadhijJAna utpanna hogA, AtmA ke samasta pradezoM se nahIM arthAt AtmA ke eka bhAga se hI avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai / isa prakAra ke AtmapradezoM kI apekSA se hue jJAna ko aMtagata avadhijJAna kahate haiN| jaise gavAkSa Adi se dIpaka kI prabhA makAna se bAhara nikalatI huI bAhara prakAza karatI hai usI prakAra avadhijJAna kI kiraNeM spardhakarUpI chidroM se bAhya jagat ko 295. se kiM ANugAmiyaM ohiNANaM ? ANugAmiyaM ohiNANaM duvihaM paNNattaM taM jahA - aMtagayaM ca madhyagayaM ca / - naMdIsUtra, pR. 31 296. antegataM - AtmapradeSAnAM paryante sthitamantagataM / malayagiri naMdIvRtti, pR. 86 297. 'aMtagayaM' ti jalaMtaM varNataM pavvataMtaM avasiTTho aNtsddo| naMdIcUrNi pR. 27 298.AroliyasarIraMte ThitaM gataM ti egaTTaM taM ca AtappadezasaphaDDagAbahi egadisovalaMbhAo ya aMtagatamohiNANaM bhaNNati / - naMdIcUrNi pR. 27

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[352] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana prakAzita karatI haiN| ye chidra avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazamajanya hote haiM inhIM kA nAma spardhaka hai| avadhijJAna ke spardhakoM kA vicitra svabhAva hotA hai, jaise ki kucheka AtmA ke aMtima bhAga meM, kucheka Age, kucheka pIche, kucheka Upara, kucheka nIce, kucheka bIca meM utpanna hote haiN| ye spardhaka chidra eka jIva ke saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta taka ho sakate haiN| jo avadhijJAna Age, pIche, eka tarapha se saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta yojanagata padAthoM ko prakAzita karatA hai usako ataMgata avadhijJAna kahate haiM 99 2. audArika zarIrAnta - sabhI Atma-pradezoM kI vizuddhi hone para audArika zarIra se avadhijJAnI eka dizA meM jAnate haiM athavA audArika zarIra ke kisI eka tarapha kA vizeSa kSayopazama hone se avadhijJAna utpanna ho, use aMtagata avadhijJAna kahate haiN|00 jinadAsagaNi, haribhadra aura malayagiri ke anusAra sAre Atma-pradezoM para kSayopazamabhAva prApta hone para bhI audArika zarIra ke eka bhAga se jJAna hotA hai arthAt jo audArika zarIra ke aMta meM sthita rahe hue spardhakoM se jAnA jAe vaha audArika zarIrAMta avadhijJAna hai| prazna-jaba sampUrNa Atma-pradezoM kA kSayopazama hotA hai to phira eka hI dizA ke padArthoM ko dekhate haiM, cAroM dizAoM ke padArthoM ko kyoM nahIM? uttara-malayagiri isameM kSayopazama kI vicitratA ko kAraNabhUta mAnate haiN| ataH audArika zarIra kI apekSA avadhijJAnI kisI eka vivakSita dizA ke sahAre usI dizA meM sthita rUpI padArthoM ko jAnatA dekhatA hai| 3. kSetrAMta - eka dizA meM hone vAle usa avadhijJAna ke dvArA prakAzita kSetra ke caramAnta ko jAnanA kSetrAnta avadhijJAna hai| usa kSetra ke anta meM vartane se vaha antagata avadhijJAna hai athavA eka dizA meM upalabdha kSetra puruSa aMtagata hotA hai, use aMtagata avadhijJAna kahate haiN|302 jinadAsagaNi, haribhadra aura malayagiri ke anusAra yaha avadhijJAna eka dizA bhAvI hotA hai ataH usake dvArA jitanA bhI kSetra prakAzita kiyA jAtA hai, usa prakAzita kSetra meM eka digrUpa viSaya ke aMta meM yaha vyavasthita hotA hai, isalie ise aMtagata kahate haiN|03 haribhadra ne naMdIvRtti meM apanA mata sthApita kiyA hai ki yahA~ para Atmapradeza ke kinAre vAle ko hI aMtagata kahate haiM kyoMki jIva kA upayoga eka deza meM hI hone se eka deza meM hI darzana hotA hai| audArika zarIra aMtagata meM bhI audArika zarIra ke eka deza se hI dekhe jAne se vaha bhI kSetra aMtagata avadhijJAna hI hai|04 jinadAsagaNi aura malayagiri ne aisA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| 299. tAni ca vicitrarUpANi, tathAhi-kAnicit paryantarvirttaSvAtmapradezeSUtpadhate, tatrApi kAnicitpurataH kAnicitpRSThataH kAnicidadhobhAge kAniciduparitanabhAge tathA kAnicinmadhyavartiSvAtmapradezeSu, tatra yadA antavartiSvAtmapradezeSvavadhijJAnamupajAyate tadA Atmano'nteparyate sthitamitikRtvA antagatamityucyate, taireva paryantavartibhirAmapradezaiH sAkSAdavadhirUpeNa jJAnena jJAnAt ca shessaiyti| -malayagiri naMdIvRtti, pR. 83 300. ahavA savvAtappadesavisuddhesu'vi orAliyasarIragateNa ekadisi pAsaNaM gataM ti aMtagataM bhnnnnti| - naMdIcUrNi pR. 27 301.athavA audArikazarIrasyAnte gataM-sthitaM antagataMkayAcidekadizopalambhAt, idamapisparddhakarUpamavadhijJAnaM athavA sarveSAmapyAtmapradezAnAM kSayopazamabhAve'pi audArikazarIrAntenaikayA dizA yadvazAdupalabhyate tdpyntgtm| - malayagiri naMdIvRtti, pR. 83-84 302.phuDataramatthA bhaNNati egadisAvadhiuvaladdhakhettAto so avadhipuriso aMtagato tti jamhA tamhA aMtagataM bhaNNati |-nNdiicuurnni pR. 27 303. ekadigbhAvinA tenAvadhijJAnena yadughotitaM kSetraM tasyAnte varttate tadavadhijJAnam, avadhijJAnavataH tadante vartamAnatvAt tato'nte ekadigrUpasyAvadhijJAnaviSayasya paryante vyvsthitmntgtN| - malayagiri naMdIvRtti, pR. 83 304. iha taccAtmapradezAMtagatamucyate sakalajIvopayoge satyapi sAkSAdekadezenaiva darzanAt, audArikazarIrAntagatamapi audArikazarIraikadezenaiva darzanAccu, yathoktaM kSetrAMtagataM tvavadhimatastadaMtavRtteriti bhaavnaa| - haribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR.27

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paMcama adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna aMtagata ke bheda naMdIsUtra ke anusAra aMtagata avadhi kaI dizAoM ko prakAzita kara sakatA hai| isalie isake tIna bheda haiM- (a) purata: (ba) mArgataH (sa) pArzvata: 305 (a) purataH aMtagata jisa avadhijJAna kA svAmI apane mukha ke Age eka dizA meM rahe hue rUpI dravyoM ko jAnatA hai, anya dizA meM rahe hue rUpI padArtha ko nahIM jAnatA hai, use purataH aMtagata avadhijJAna kahate haiM, jaise ki koI vyakti mazAla Adi lekara calatA hai to vaha Age kI vastuoM ko dekha sakatA hai, pIche kI nhiiN| jisa avadhijJAna se avadhijJAnI cakSuindriya kI taraha sAmane ke mUrta padArthoM ko dekhane meM samartha hotA hai malayagiri ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai - [353] (ba) mArgataH aMtagata jisa prakAra koI puruSa dIpikA, mazAla, maNi, jyoti Adi ko pITha ke pIche karake calatA hai, use pIThe pIche ke padArtha dikhAI dete haiN| isI prakAra jisa avadhijJAna kA svAmI apanI pITha ke pIche eka dizA meM rahe hue rUpI dravyoM ko jAnatA hai, anya dizA meM rahe hue rUpI padArthoM ko nahIM jAnatA hai, use mArgataH aMtagata avadhijJAna kahate haiM 0 malayagiri kA bhI yahI abhimata hai (sa) pArzvataH aMtagata - jisa prakAra koI puruSa dIpaka, maNi Adi ko pArzva bhAga kI ora karake calatA hai to usase usI ora kI vastueM prakAzita hotI haiN| isI prakAra jisa avadhijJAna kA svAmI apane dakSiNa pArzva (dAhinI ora ) yA vAmapArzva (bAyIM ora) kI dizA meM rahe hue rUpI dravya ko jAna sake, anya dizA meM rahe hue rUpI padArtha ko nahIM jAna sake, use pArzvataH antagata avadhijJAna kahate haiN| pArzvataH aMtagata avadhijJAnI jAtA zrotrendriya kI taraha ubhaya pArzva meM avasthita rUpI padArthoM ko jAnatA dekhatA hai|" malayagiri ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai|" SaTkhaNDAgama aura tatvArthasUtra meM AnugAmika avadhijJAna ke prabhedoM kA ullekha nahIM hai| naMdIsUtra aura dhavalATIkA meM isa prakAra kA ullekha milatA hai| lekina donoM meM bhinnatA hai, kyoMki naMdI meM varNita bheda avadhijJAna kaunase bhAga meM utpanna hotA hai aura kaunasI dizA ko prakAzita karatA hai, isakI spaSTatA karatA hai, jabaki dhavalA meM kSetra aura bhava kI dRSTi se avadhijJAna ke anusaraNa ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai - dhavalATIkA meM antagata avadhijJAna ke prakAra - 1. kSetrAnugAmI - jo avadhijJAna eka kSetra meM utpanna hokara svakSetra aura parakSetra meM jAne para naSTa nahIM hotA hai, vaha kSetrAnugAmI avadhijJAna hai| 2. bhavAnugAmI jo avadhijJAna utpanna hokara jIva ke sAtha anya bhava meM jAtA hai, vaha bhavAnugAmI avadhijJAna hai| 3. kSetra-bhavAnugAmI mizrita vikalpa arthAt jo bharata, airAvata aura mahAvideha kSetroM meM tathA deva, nArakI, tiryaMca aura manuSya bhava meM bhI sAtha jAtA hai, vaha kSetra - bhavAnugAmI avadhijJAna hai / 312 305. se kiM taM aMtagayaM? aMtagayaM tivihaM paNNattaM taM jahA purao aMtagayaM, maggao aMtagayaM, pAsato aMtagayaM / naMdIsUtra, pR. 31 306. AvazyakacUrNi, ratalAma, zrI RSabhadevajI kesarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, san 1928, bhAga 1 pR. 56 307, purataH avadhijJAninaH svavyapekSayA agrabhAge'ntagata purato 'ntagataM malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 84 308. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1 pR. 56 - 309. mArgataH-pRSThataH antagataM mArgato'ntagataM / malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 84 310. jattha jattha so ohiNANI gacchati tattha tattha soiMdieNamiva pAsato avatthitA jANati pAsati ya / AvazyakacUrNi, bhAga 1 pR. 56 rUvAvabaddhA atthA ohiNA 311. pArzvato-dvayoH pArzvayorekatarapArzvato vA'ntagataM pArzvato'ntagataM / malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 84 312. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalATIkA) pu.13, pR. 294

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[354] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana bhagavatI sUtra meM jJAna ko ihabhavika parabhavika aura tadubhayabhavika kahA hai| isa apekSA se AnugAmika avadhijJAna kA bhavAnugAmI vikalpa sArthaka hai|13 2. madhyagata AnugAmika avadhijJAna AnugAmika avadhijJAna ke dUsare bheda madhyagata avadhijJAna kA svarUpa nimna prakAra se hai| naMdIsUtra ke anusAra jisa prakAra koI puruSa dIpikA, mazAla, maNi Adi ko mastaka para rakhakara calatA hai to use cAroM ora ke padArtha dikhAI dete haiM, isI prakAra madhyagata avadhijJAnI saba ora ke rUpI padArthoM ko jAnatA aura dekhatA hai|14 jinadAsagaNi mahattara kA kathana hai ki madhyagata avadhijJAnI cAroM ora ke padArthoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| jaise jIva sparzanendriya ke dvArA cAroM ora se sparza karake viSaya ko jAna letA hai, usI prakAra vaha avadhijJAnI jahA~-jahA~ jAtA hai, vahA~-vahA~ cAroM ora ke rUpI padArthoM ko avadhi se jAnatA-dekhatA hai 15 madhyagata (savvao aura samaMtA) meM chahoM dizAoM kI apekSA hai, kintu vaha eka dizA meM bhI bar3ha sakatA hai| avadhi kSetra ke madhya meM rahatA hai| madhyagata ekadama madhya meM ho aisA jarUrI nahIM, kyoMki devoM kA avadhijJAna madhyagata hote hue bhI vaimAnika deva Upara apanI dhvajA patAkA taka hI dekhate haiM tathA nIce nArakI taka, ata: Upara kama aura nIce jyAdA avadhikSetra dekhate haiN| isalie ekadama madhya honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| naMdIsUtra ke mUla pATha meM madhyagata anugAmI avadhijJAnI ke do vizeSaNa Ae haiM - 'savvao' aura 'smNtaa'| 'savvao' kA artha sabhI dizA aura vidizA meM aura 'samaMtA' kA artha hai sabhI AtmapradezoM se| arthAt vaha avadhijJAnI sabhI dizA-vidizAoM meM tathA sabhI Atma-pradezoM se jAnatA hai| naMdIcUrNi meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki vaha avadhijJAnI vizuddha spardhakoM se saMkhyAta athavA asaMkhyAta yojana paryaMta spRSTa kSetra ko jAnatA aura dekhatA hai| yahAM tRtIyA artha meM saptamI kA prayoga huA hai| athavA 'savvao' kA artha sabhI dizA-vidizA se evaM sabhI Atmapradeza spardhakoM se jAnane vAlA hotA hai 17 naMdIcUrNi meM anya prakAra se kahA gayA hai ki 'samaMtA' me 'sa' to avadhijJAnI puruSa ke nirdeza ke lie hai aura 'maMtA' jJAtA ke artha meM prayukta huA hai arthAt vaha avadhi jJAtA sabhI dravyoM ko tulya (samAna) rUpa meM jAnane vAlA yA prApta karane vAlA hotA hai| 18 malayagiri ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai |19 madhyagata ke prabheda audArika zarIra ke madhyavartI spardhakoM kI vizuddhi se, saba Atma-pradezoM kI vizuddhi se athavA saba dizAoM kA jJAna madhyagata avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai|20 aMtagata ke samAna isake bhI tIna bheda hote haiM - (a) Atma madhyagata (ba) audArika zarIra madhyagata (sa) tatpradyotita kSetra mdhygt| 313. ihabhavie bhaMte ! nANe? parabhavie nANe, tadubhayabhavie nANe? goyamA! ihabhavie vi nANe, parabhavie vi nANe, tadubhayabhavie vi _ nnaanne| - yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 1 uddezaka 1, pR. 36 314. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 32-33 315. AvazyakacUrNi, bhAga 1, pR. 56-57 316. 'savvao' tti savvAsu vi disividisAsu, samaMtA iti savvAtappadesesu savvesu vA visuddhaphaDDagesu vaa| - naMdIcUrNi pR. 28 317. ahavA 'savvato' tti savvAsu disividisAsu savvAtappadesaphaDDagesu y| - naMdIcUrNi pR.28 318. 'sa' iti niddese avadhipurisassa 'maMtA' iti NAtA, ahavA samaM davvAdayo tulA, 'attA' iti prAptA ityrthH| -naMdIcUrNi pR. 28 319. sa mantA ityatra sa ityavadhijJAnI parAmRzyate, mantA iti jJAtA zeSaM tthaiv| malayagiri naMdIvRtti, pR. 85 320. majjhagataM puNa orAliyasarIramajhe phaDDagavisuddhIto savvAtappadesavisuddhIto vA savvadisovalaMbhattaNato majjhagato tti bhnnnnti| - naMdIcUrNi pR. 27

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [355] (a) Atma madhyagata - spardhakoM kI vizuddhi se samasta AtmapradezoM ke madhya meM hone vAlA arthAt AtmA ke bIca ke pradezoM meM rahA huA avadhi Atma-madhyagata avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai| yaha avadhijJAna spardhakoM ke anusAra hotA hai, isase sabhI dizAoM ke rUpI padArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai| isakA upayoga sampUrNa AtmA meM hotA hai to bhI AtmA ke madhya meM hI spardhaka kA sadbhAva rahatA hai, isalie sAkSAt jJAna madhya bhAga se hI hotA hai| (ba) audArika zarIra madhyagata - sabhI Atma pradezoM meM kSayopazama kA sadbhAva hone para bhI audArika zarIra ke madhya bhAga se hI upalabdhi hotI hai arthAt jAnatA hai, isalie ise audArika zarIra madhyagata avadhijJAna kahate haiN| (sa) tatpradyotita kSetra madhyagata - jisa avadhijJAna se sabhI dizAoM meM jo kSetra prakAzita kiyA jAtA hai, usa kSetra ke madhya meM isa jJAna kI upalabdhi hotI hai isalie vaha tatpradyotita kSetra madhyagata kahalAtA hai| isa avadhijJAna kA svAmI avadhijJAna dvArA prakAzita kSetra ke aMdara hI rahatA hai|21 aMtagata aura madhyagata meM aMtara naMdIsUtra-22 meM aMtagata avadhijJAna cAroM dizAoM meM se kisI eka dizA ke kSetra ko prakAzita karatA hai| jisa jIva ko yaha avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai vaha usI dizA meM saMkhyAta asaMkhyAta yojana taka sthita rUpI dravyoM ko jAnatA aura dekhatA hai, lekina madhyagata avadhijJAnI sabhI dizAoM vidizAoM meM saMkhyAta aura asaMkhyAta yojana taka sthita rUpI dravyoM ko vizeSa rUpa se jAnatA aura dekhatA hai| aMtagata anugAmI avadhijJAna beTrI ke prakAza kI bhAMti aura madhyagata sira para rakhe hue dIpaka ke prakAza ke samAna haiN| samIkSA - SaTkhaNDAgama meM jaisA svarUpa ekadeza aura anekakSetra avadhijJAna kA varNita hai vaisA hI svarUpa aMtagata aura madhyagata kA bhI naMdIsUtra, naMdIcUrNi, haribhadra aura malayagiri ne naMdIvRtti meM prApta hotA hai| jisa avadhijJAna kA karaNa jIva ke zarIra kA eka deza hotA hai vaha ekakSetra avadhijJAna hai| jo avadhijJAna pratiniyata kSetra ke zarIra ke saba avayavoM meM rahatA hai vaha anekakSetra avadhijJAna hai23 anAnugAmika avadhijJAna umAsvAti ke anusAra - anAnugAmika avadhijJAna ko praznAdezika puruSa ke udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| jaise naimittika athavA praznAdezika puruSa apane niyata sthAna meM hI prazna kA sahI uttara de sakatA hai| vaise hI kSetra se pratibaddha avadhijJAna apane kSetra meM hI sAkSAt jAna sakatA hai|24 pUjyapAda 25 aura akalaMka 26 ne bhI yahI paribhASA dI hai| naMdIsUtra meM ullekha hai ki jaise eka sthAna para rahI huI agni kA prakAza puruSa ke anyatra jAne para usakA anusaraNa nahIM karatA hai vaise hI jo avadhijJAna utpatti sthala se anyatra gamana karate hue puruSa kA anugamana nahIM kare usako anAnugAmika avadhi kahate haiN| isake lie agnikuMDa kA udAharaNa diyA hai| 27 aisA hI varNana malayagiri aura upAdhyAya yazovijaya28 ne bhI kiyA hai| 321. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 83-84 322. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra pR. 33 sUtra 11 323. jassa ohiNANassa jIvasarIrassa ekadeso karaNaM hodi tamohiNANamegakkhettaM nnaam| jamohiNANaM paDiNiyadakhettaM vajjiya sarIrasavvAvayavesu vaTTadi tamaNeyakkhettaM nnaam| - SaTakhaNDAgama (dhavalA) pustaka 13, sU. 5.5.56, pR. 294 324. tatrAnAnugAmikaM kSetre sthitasyAtpannaM tataH pracyutasya pratipatati, prshnaadesspurussjnyaanvt| - tattvArthAdhigamasUtram 1.23 325. kazcinnAnugacchati tatraivAtipatati unmukhprshnaadessipuruussvcnvt| - sarvArthasiddhi pR. 90 326. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.22.4 pR. 56 327. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 34 328, malayagiri naMdIvRtti, pR. 89, jainatarka bhASA, pR. 25

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jinabhadragaNi kA abhimata hai ki 'iyaro ya nANugacchai ThiyapaIvo vva gacchaMtaM' arthAt avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se AtmapradezoM kI vizuddhi ho jAne para jo jJAna eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para jAte hue apane svAmI kA sthita dIpaka kI taraha anugamana nahIM kare, vaha anAnugAmika avadhijJAna hai 329 [356] jinadAsagaNi ke anusAra eka sthAna para sthita athavA sAMkala se pratibaddha dIpaka kI bhAMti jo jJAna gamanapravRtta avadhijJAnI kA anugamana nahIM karatA, vaha anAnugAmika avadhijJAna hai arthAt sAMkala se baMdhA huA dIpaka apane cAroM ora ke kSetra ko prakAzita karatA anya kSetra ko nahIM / vaise hI anAnugAmika avadhijJAna kSetra pratibaddha hotA hai| jisa kSetra meM avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai usI kSetra meM usakA upayoga lagatA hai anya kSetra meM nahIM / 30 isI kA anusaraNa haribhadra ne bhI kiyA hai| naMdIcUrNikAra ne kahA hai ki anAnugAmika avadhijJAna kA kSayopazama kSetrasApekSa hotA hai| 332 maladhArI hemacandra kI bRhadvRtti meM ullekha hai ki jo avadhijJAna sthita dIpaka ke samAna puruSa ke sAtha nahIM rahatA hai vaha anAnugAmika avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai | 333 naMdIsUtra meM anAnugAmika avadhijJAna ke varNana meM cAra zabda Ae haiN| (naMdIsUtra, pR. 34 ) 1. pariperaMtehiM (pariperaMta) cAroM ora agni sthAna ke pAsa ghUmatA huA / 2. parigholemANe (parigholemANa) - bAra-bAra agni sthAna ke Asa-pAsa ghUmatA huA / 3. saMbaddhANi (saMbaddha) - apane utpatti kSetra se lekara aMtarAla kie binA pUrNa saMbaddha kSetra jAnane vAlA arthAt svAvagAr3ha kSetra se nirantara jitane padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, ve sambaddha haiN| 4. asaMbaddhANi (asaMbaddha) - apane utpatti kSetra ko tathA aMtarAla sahita vibhinna kSetroM ko jAnane vAlA arthAt bIca meM antara rakha kara Age rahe hue jitane padArtha ko jAnatA hai ve asambaddha haiN| sambaddha - asambaddha avadhijJAna anAnugAmika avadhijJAna naMdIsUtra ke anusAra saMbaddha aura asaMbaddha ho sakatA hai 334 usakA kSetra saMkhyAta aura asaMkhyAta yojana kA hotA hai / jaba svAvagAr3ha kSetra se niraMtara jitane padArthoM ko vaha jAnatA hai vaha saMbaddha hai| jaise dIpaka kI prabhA vyavadhAna binA saMbaddha hotI hai, vaise hI avadhijJAna jIva ke sAtha saMbaddha hotA hai| avadhi kSetra ke sAre kSetra ko prakAzita karatA hai, usako saMbaMddha avadhijJAna kahate haiM aura bIca meM aMtara rakha kara Age rahe hue padArtha ko jAnatA hai use asaMbaddha avadhijJAna kahate haiN| jaise kamare Adi meM jalatI huI lAiTa Adi kA prakAza kamare ke bAhara aMdhakAra ko bheda kara sAmane kI dIvAra Adi ko prakAzita karatA hai| isakA krama isa prakAra hogA ki prakAzaaMdhakAra-prakAza, isa paristhiti meM lAiTa kA prakAza lAiTa ke sAtha saMbaddha nahIM hotA hai vaise hI avadhijJAna jIva ke sAtha saMbaddha nahIM hotA hai arthAt jo samagra avadhi ke kSetra ko prakAzita nahIM karake, bIca bIca ke kSetra prakAzita kare usako asaMbaddha avadhi kahate haiN| Avazyaka niyukti ke anusAra jo avadhi loka pramANa hotA hai, vaha saMbaddha aura asaMbaddha donoM prakAra kA hotA hai paraMtu jo avadhi aloka ko sparza karatA hai, vaha niyama se saMbaddha hotA hai| 335 329. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 715 330. No gacchati tti aNANugAmikaM saMkalApaDibaddhaThitapadIvo vva / naMdIcUrNi pR. 29 332. tasya ya khetAvekkhakhayovasamalAbhattaNato aNANugAmitaM / naMdIcUrNi pR. 29 333. anAnugAmukastvavasthita zrRMkhalAdiniyantritapradIpavat viparItaH / vizeSAvazyakabhASya 334. isakA vistAra se varNana deza dvAra meM kiyA hai, pR. 374-376 331. hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti pR. 28 bRhadvRtti, gAthA 714, pR. 302 335. Avazyaka niryukti, gAthA 67

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paMcama adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [357] anAnugAmika ke bheda anAnugAmika ke bhedoM kA varNana niryukti, bhASya, naMdI, SaTkhaNDAgama aura tattvArthasUtra meM prApta nahI hote haiM / kintu dhavalATIkA meM isake tIna bhedoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / 1. kSetrAnanugAmI - jo kSetrAMtara meM sAtha nahIM jAtA hai, bhavAMtara meM hI sAtha jAtA hai, vaha kSetrAnanugAmI avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai| 2. bhavAnanugAmI - jo bhavAMtara meM sAtha nahIM jAtA hai, kSetrAMtara meM hI sAtha jAtA hai vaha bhavAnanugAmI avadhijJAna hai| 3. kSetra - bhavAnanugAmI - jo kSetrAMtara aura bhavAMtara donoM meM sAtha nahIM jAtA, kiMtu eka hI kSetra aura bhava ke sAtha sambandha rakhatA hai vaha kSetra - bhavAnanugAmI avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai| 36 samIkSA - dhavalATIkA meM AnugAmika aura anAnugAmika ke jo tIna bheda batAye haiM, unameM se kSetrAnugAmI aura bhavAnanugAmI lagabhaga eka jaisA hI hai, vaise hI bhavAnugAmI aura kSetrAnanugAmI lagabhaga eka jaisA hI hai| lekina kSetra - bhavAnugAmI meM kSetra aura bhava donoM meM avadhijJAna sAtha rahatA hai aura kSetra - bhavAnanugAmI meM kSetra aura bhava donoM meM avadhijJAna sAtha nahIM rahatA hai| isalie anAnugAmika avadhijJAna kA kSetra-bhavAnanugAmI bheda hI jyAdA yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai| mizra avadhijJAna ubhayasahAvo mIso deso jassANujAi no anno / kAsai gayassa gacchai egaM uvahayammi jahacchiM / / 337 jo AnugAmika aura ananugAmika arthAt ubhaya svabhAva vAlA hai, vaha mizra avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai| eka AMkha vAle puruSa ke samAna, jisake avadhijJAna kA koI bhAga anyatra jAte hue sAtha jAtA hai aura koI bhAga sAtha nahIM jAtA hai / vaha mizra avadhijJAna hai| aise hI bhAva maladhArI hemacandra ne bhI vyakta kiye haiM / 338 mizra avadhijJAna kA bheda vizeSa hai, kyoMki isakA ullekha mAtra Avazyakaniryukti gAthA 56 aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 714 evaM 716 meM hI prApta hotA hai / SaTkhaNDAgama, naMdIsUtra aura tatvArthasUtra Adi graMthoM meM prApta nahIM hotA hai| AnugAmika- anAnugAmika avadhijJAna ke svAmI Avazyakaniryukti aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra AnugAmika avadhijJAna deva, naraka, manuSya aura tiryaMca yoni meM hotA hai / malayagiri kahate haiM ki madhyagata AnugAmika avadhijJAna deva, naraka aura tIrthaMkaroM meM niyama se hotA hai| manuSyoM ke aMtagata aura madhyagata do prakAra kA AnugAmika ho sakatA hai| 40 tIrthaMkaroM meM aMtagata hI hotA hai| tiryaMca meM aMtagata avadhijJAna hotA hai| anAnugAmika aura mizra avadhijJAna manuSya aura tiryaMca meM hI hotA hai arthAt manuSya aura tiryaMca meM tInoM prakAra kA avadhijJAna hotA hai| jaghanya avadhijJAna meM AnugAmika, anAnugAmika, antagata aura madhyagata avadhi ho sakatA hai| jaghanya avadhi meM vaimAnika ke AnugAmika aura madhyagata bheda hI hote haiN| loka se adhika avadhi hone para pUrva kI apekSA vaha jJAnI sUkSma dravya dekhane lagatA hai| isase unheM loka se avadhi adhika hone kA patA laga jAtA hai| 338. yassa tUtpannasyAvadherdeSo vrajati svAminA sahA'nyatra, deSastu, pradezAntaracalitapuruSasyohapataikalocanavadanyatra na vrajati, a mizra uccate / - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 714 kI TIkA 336. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13 pR. 294-295 339. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 56, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 714 337. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 716 340. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti pR. 85-86

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[358] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana isa prakaraNa meM varNita avadhijJAna ke tIna bhedoM evaM prabhedoM ko isa prakAra pradarzita kiyA jA sakatA hai avadhijJAna AnugAmika anAnugAmika mizra aMtagata madhyagata puraMtaH mArgataH pArzvataH Atma madhyagata audArikazarIra tatpradyotita kSetra 5. avasthita avadhijJAna (kSetra-upayoga-labdhi se vicAraNA) jinabhadragaNi ne isakA ullekha vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 717-727 taka kiyA hai| kSetrAdi, labdhi aura upayoga kI dRSTi se avadhijJAna jaghanya aura utkRSTa kitane kAla taka sthira (avasthita) hai, isa dRSTi se Avazyakaniyukti ke AdhAra para vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai|42 eka dravya athavA eka paryAya meM labdhi aura upayoga kI apekSA se avadhijJAna jitane samaya taka sthira rahatA hai, vaha avasthita avadhijJAna hai| koI avadhijJAna prApta hone ke pazcAt kSetra Adi kI apekSA se bar3hatA hai aura koI avadhijJAna kSINa hotA hai athavA naSTa ho jAtA hai, yahI cala athavA anavasthita avadhijJAna hai|43 avasthita ke sambandha meM anya graMthoM meM prApta carcA guNapratyaya avadhijJAna ke bhedoM meM SaTkhaNDAgama aura tattvArthasUtra meM avasthita ke bheda kA ullekha hai tathA avasthita ke sAtha anavasthita avadhijJAna kA bhI ullekha hai| anavasthita kA ullekha Avazyakaniyukti aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM nahIM hai, kintu naMdIsUtra aura prajJApanA sUtra ke avadhipada (33 vAM pada) meM avasthita aura anavasthita kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| isakA artha yaha ho sakatA hai ki avasthita aura anavasthita kI vicAraNA do prakAra se vikasita huI hogii| 1. niyukti kAla taka avasthita kA artha avadhijJAna kitane samaya taka sthira rahatA hai, isa saMdarbha meM thA, parantu yahA~ anavasthita kA ullekha nahIM thaa| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa anavasthita ko svIkAra karate haiM, lekina isakA ullekha cala dvAra meM kiyA hai, avasthita dvAra meM nahIM 44 ata: jinabhadragaNi bhI niyuktikAra ke matAnusAra spaSTa rUpa se anavasthita avadhijJAna ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| 2. SaTkhaNDAgama meM anavasthita avadhijJAna kA ullekha huA hai|45 kintu isakI paribhASA sarvaprathama tattvArthabhASya meM prApta hotI hai| tattvArthasUtra ke bhASya meM ina donoM bhedoM ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai| ki jo avadhijJAna eka bAra prakaTa hone ke pazcAt eka jaisA banA rahatA hai, vaha 342. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 57, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 719 343. dravyAdiSu kiyantaM kAlamapratipatitaH sannupayogato labdhizcA''ste? ityevamavasthito'vadhirvaktavyaH / tathA vardhamAnatayA hIyamAnatayA ca clo'nvsthito'vdhirvktvyH| - maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 577, pR. 262 344. calo hi punaranavisthata ityarthaH / - vizeSAvazyakabhASya (svApejJa), gAthA 723, pR. 140 345. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.56, pR. 292

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [359] avasthita hai tathA jo prakaTa hone ke pazcAt eka jaisA nahIM rahatA hai vaha anavasthita avadhijJAna hai| isa prakAra niyukti aura tattvArthasUtra meM avasthita kA svarUpa bhinna-bhinna rUpa se prApta hotA hai| 1. Avazyakaniyukti ke AdhAra para avasthita kA svarUpa niyukti ke AdhAra se vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avasthita kA svarUpa nimna prakAra se hai - kSetra kI apekSA avadhijJAna jaghanya eka samaya aura utkRSTa 33 sAgaropama taka eka hI kSetra meM avasthita rahatA hai| jaiseki anuttara vimAnavAsI deva utpatti ke samaya jisa kSetra ko avagAhita karake rahatA hai, jaba taka usa kSetra meM usa deva ke bhava kA aMta arthAt AyuSya pUrNa na ho| anuttara vimAnavAsI deva ke bhava kI utkRSTa sthiti 33 sAgaropama hai|46 AvazyakacUrNi ke anusAra kisI manuSya yA tiryaMca ko yadi prathama samaya meM avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai aura dUsare samaya meM usakI Ayu kSINa arthAt mRtyu ko prApta ho jAtI hai to isa prakAra avadhijJAna eka samaya taka hI avasthita raha pAtA hai| vaise hI mithyAdRSTi deva jaba prathama samaya meM samyaktva prApta karatA hai aura dUsare samaya meM usakI bhI Ayu kSINa ho jAtI hai, taba bhI avadhijJAna kA jaghanya avasthita kAla eka samaya kA hI ghaTita hogaa|47 upayoga kI apekSA Avazyakaniyukti aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke kathana se paudgalika dravya meM avadhijJAna kA upayoga usa kSetra athavA anya kSetra meM aMtarmuhUrta taka hotA hai, usake uparAMta sAmarthya kA abhAva hotA hai, jisake kAraNa eka dravya meM aMtarmuhUrta se adhika upayoga nahIM hotA hai349 aura usI dravya kI paryAya ko jAnate hue eka paryAya meM avadhijJAna kA upayoga sAta athavA ATha samaya taka avasthita rahatA hai, isase adhika nhiiN| AvazyakacUrNikAra ke anusAra jaise koI vyakti atyanta sUkSma sUI ke pArzvachidra meM lambe samaya taka nirantara nahIM dekha sakatA hai| usI prakAra avadhijJAnI kA dravya meM antarmuhUrta se adhika upayoga nahIM hotA hai kyoMki usase Age vaha ekAgra nahIM ho sakatA hai, isalie usa dravya meM antarmuhUrta se adhika avasthita nahIM raha sktaa| paryAya meM jaghanya eka samaya utkRSTa sAta-ATha samaya rahane kA kAraNa hai ki dravya kI paryAyoM kA jJAna tIvratara upayoga (gaharI ekAgratA) se hotA hai| vaha avadhijJAna tIvratara upayoga se hone vAlI saghana ekAgratA ko sahana nahIM kara sktaa| ataH vaha usa paryAya para sAta-ATha samayoM se adhika avasthita nahIM raha sakatA hai| 51 vastu jitanI-jitanI sUkSma hotI hai, vaha upayoga kA kAla utanA-utanA kama hotA jAtA hai| dravya, guNa aura paryAya ke lie yaha eka sAmAnya niyama hai|52 matAntara kucha AcAryoM kA mata hai ki paryAya do prakAra kI hotI hai - guNa aura pryaay| usameM jo sahavartI hote haiM unheM guNa kahate haiM, jaise zveta, raktAdi guNa hai evaM jo kramavartI hotA hai, vaha paryAya hai| 346. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 57, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 720 347. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1, pR. 58 349. upayogatastvavadhe: sura-nAraka-pudgalAdike dravye dravyaviSayamupayogamAzritya tatrA'nyatra vA kSetre bhinnamuhUrto'ntarmuhUrta-mevA'vasthAnaM, naM parata: sAmarthyA bhaavaaditi| - maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 717, pR. 302 350. tatraiva dravye ye paryavAH paryAyA dharmAstallAbhe paryAyAt paryAyAntaraM ca saMcarato'vadhestadupayoge saptA'STau vA samayAna'vasthAnaM, na prtH| - maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 717, pR. 302-303 351. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1 pR. 58 352. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 723

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[360] vizeSAvazyaka bhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana I jaise naye purAne Adi paryAya haiN| zvetAdi guNoM meM ATha samaya taka evaM paryAyoM meM sAta samaya taka avadhijJAna kA upayoga avasthita rahatA hai kyoMki dravya sthUla hone se usameM aMtarmuhUrta taka upayoga rahatA hai, guNa usase sUkSma hote haiM, usameM ATha samaya taka upayoga rahatA hai aura paryAya usase bhI sUkSma hone se usameM sAta samaya taka upayoga avasthita rahatA hai| isa prakAra guNa aura paryAya kA uttarottara kAla ghaTatA jAtA hai kyoMki guNa se paryAya sUkSma hote haiN| 354 viziSTa avadhijJAnI meM eka samayAdi kI paryAyoM ko jAnane kI kSamatA hai, parantu upayoga antarmuhUrta kA hone se una paryAyoM ko vartamAna meM nahIM jAnakara unako bhUta bhaviSya kI paryAyoM kI avasthA rUpa se jAna sakatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke cyavana pATha meM aisA hI ullekha prApta hotA hai / jIva do samayAdi vATe bahate rahegA yaha jAna sakatA hai| labdhi kI apekSA avadhijJAnAvaraNa kSayopazama rUpa ko labdhi kahate haiN| vaha labdhi dravyAdi upayoga vAle ke athavA binA upayoga vAle ke usa kSetra meM athavA anya kSetra meM hotI hai| isa prakAra kSayopazama rUpa labdhi 66 sAgaropama sAdhika niraMtara avasthita rahatI hai jaise koI manuSya avadhijJAna sahita cAra anuttara vimAna meM se kisI vimAna meM deva ke rUpa meM 33 sAgaropama kI sthiti meM utpanna huA hai, vahA~ se kAla karake punaH manuSya meM AtA hai, punaH cAra anuttara vimAna meM deva ke rUpa meM 33 sAgaropama kI sthiti meM utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra do devabhava ke 33+ 33 = 66 sAgaropama aura manuSya bhava kI sthiti jitanA adhika kAla milAkara kula 66 sAgaropama sAdhika kAla hotA hai| itane samaya taka avadhijJAna sAtha meM rahatA hai, isalie labdhirUpa avadhijJAna kA avasthita kAla 66 sAgaropama sAdhika hotA hai / uparyukta avadhijJAna ke upayoga aura labdhi kA jo avasthAna kAla batAyA hai, vaha utkRSTa avasthAna kAla hai, jaghanya avasthAna kAla to eka samaya kA hotA hai| jaghanya avasthAna kisake hotA hai ? eka samaya kA jaghanya avasthAna kAla avadhijJAnI se girane kI apekSA athavA anupayoga se manuSya aura tiyaMca meM hotA hai manuSya aura tiyaMca meM jaghanya avadhi hotA hai lekina deva aura nArakI meM jaghanya avadhijJAna nahIM hotA hai| deva aura nAraka bhava ke aMtima samaya meM samyaktva kA lAbha hone para vibhaMgajJAna avadhijJAna meM parivartita hotA hai aura bhava kA aMtima samaya pUrNa hone se vaha kAla karane se avadhijJAna naSTa ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra deva aura nAraka meM eka samaya kA avadhijJAna rahatA hai| isa apekSA se deva nArakI meM sva kSetra kAla kI apekSA eka samaya kA avasthAna ghaTita hotA hai / 355 maladhArI hemacandra kahate haiM ki ukta kAlamAna upayoga aura labdhi ke viSaya meM hai| 2. tattvArthasUtra ke AdhAra para avasthita kA svarUpa jo avadhijJAna jitane kSetra Adi meM utpanna huA hai utanA hI kSetrAdi vRddhi aura hAni ke binA jaba taka kevalajJAna kI prApti na ho jAe athavA bhava pUrNa (AyuSya pUrNa hone taka) nahIM ho jAe taba taka athavA mRtyu ke pazcAt anya gati meM bhI sAtha rahe to use avasthita avadhijJAna kahA gayA hai| 353. anye tu vyAcakSate paryavAdvividhAH guNAH paryAyAzca / tatra sahavartino guNAH zuklAdayaH kramavartinastu paryAyA nava purANAdayaH / maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 717 TIkA, pR. 303 354. maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 717 TIkA, pR. 303 355. Avazyakaniryukti gAthA 58, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 726-727

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [361] jisa avadhi meM jala kI taraMgoM kI taraha pariNAmoM se vRddhi aura hAni athavA utpatti aura nAza hotA rahe, vaha anavasthita avadhijJAna hai|56 uparyukta varNana meM avasthita avadhijJAna sthira rahe aisA ullekha hai, lekina vRddhi aura hAni nahIM hotI yaha bAta mUla TIkA se spaSTa nahIM ho kara, anavasthita ke varNana se spaSTa ho rahI hai| spaSTa rUpa se isakA ullekha pUjyapAda ne kiyA hai| unake anusAra avasthita avadhijJAna meM vRddhi aura hAni kA abhAva hotA hai arthAt avasthita avadhijJAna kA kAraNa samyagdarzana Adi guNoM kI avasthiti hai evaM anavasthita avadhijJAna kA kAraNa ukta guNoM kI vRddhi aura hAni hai| anavasthita avadhijJAna ke saMdarbha meM tattvArthasUtra meM ullikhita utpatti aura nAza evaM janma-janmAntara meM rahane kA ullekha nahIM hai| akalaMka, vIrasenAcArya Adi AcAryoM ne pUjyapAda kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai|58 prazna - avadhijJAna ke avasthita, anavasthita, pratipAtI aura apratipAtI ina cAroM bhedoM meM kyA antara hai? uttara - jisameM hAni yA vRddhi na ho, use avasthita avadhi kahate haiN| jisameM hAni yA vRddhi hotI ho use anavasthita avadhijJAna kahate haiN| jo avadhi dIpaka bujhane kI bhAMti sarvathA eka sAtha naSTa ho jAya, use pratipAtI kahate haiN| jo avadhijJAna kevalajJAna hone taka yA jIvana-paryanta rahe, use apratipAtI kahA jAtA hai| apratipAtI meM vRddhi Adi ho sakatI hai| nArakI, devatA ke avadhi ko hIyamAna aura vardhamAna nahIM batAkara avasthita avadhi batAyA hai| ataH janma se usa nArakI devatA ke avadhi meM hAni vRddhi nahIM samajhI jAtI hai| eka nairayika evaM devatA se dUsare nairayika evaM devatA ke avadhijJAna meM anantaguNA nyUnatA adhikatA batAI gaI hai| use bauddhika kSamatA kI tIvratA mandatA ke kAraNa samajhA jA sakatA hai| kSetra lagabhaga samAna hote hue bhI dravya evaM bhAvoM meM ananta guNA hAni-vRddhi samajhI jAtI hai| 6. cala dvAra evaM avadhijJAna jinabhadragaNi ne isakA ullekha vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 728-732 taka kiyA hai| isakA svarUpa nimna prakAra se hai - dravya, kSetra Adi kI apekSA avadhijJAna meM vRddhi aura hAni hotI hai, use cala kahA jAtA hai|59 mUla meM vRddhi do prakAra kI hotI hai bhAga vRddhi aura guNa vRddhi| kisI vastu ke bhAga pramANa meM vRddhi honA bhAgavRddhi aura guNa pramANa meM vRddhi honA guNavRddhi kahalAtI hai| jaise ki 100 rUpaye meM dasa bhAgavRddhi (100/10=10) arthAt dasa rUpaye kI vRddhi honA bhAgavRddhi hai| 100 rUpaye meM 10 guNA vRddhi (100x10=1000) arthAt 1000 rUpaye kI vRddhi honA guNavRddhi kahalAtI hai| bhAga vRddhi tIna prakAra kI hai - anaMta, asaMkhyAta 356. anavasthitaM hIyate vardhate vardhate hIyate c| pratipatati cotpdyteceti| punaH punarUrbhivat avasthitaM yAvati kSetre utpanna bhavati tato na pratipatatyAkevalaprApteravatiSThate, AbhavakSayAd vA jAtpantarasthApi bhavati liNgvt| - tattvArthAdhigam 1.23 357. itaro'vadhiH samyagdarzanAdiguNAvasthAnAdyatparimANa utpannastatparimANa evAvatiSThate, na hIyate nApi vardhate liMgavat A bhavakSayAdA kevalajJAnotpattervA / anyo'vadhiH samyagdarzanAdiguNavRddhihAniyogAdyatparimANa utpannastato vardhate yAvadanena vardhitavyaM hIyate ca yAvadanena hAtavyaM vaayuvegpreritjlormivt| - sarvArthasiddhi1.22 pR. 90-91 358. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.22.4 pR. 56, dhavalATIkA pu. 13 5.5.56 pR. 294 359. calazcAvadhidravyAdi-viSayamaMgIkRtya -vardhamAnako hIyamAnako vA bhvti| - maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 728

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[362] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana aura sNkhyaat| isI prakAra se guNavRddhi bhI tIna prakAra kI hotI hai - anaMtaguNA, asaMkhyAtaguNA aura sNkhyaatgunnaa| isI prakAra hAni bhI tIna-tIna prakAra kI hI hotI hai| isa prakAra yaha vRddhi aura hAni kula chaha prakAra kI hotI hai yathA - 1. anaMta bhAgavRddhi, 2. asaMkhyAta bhAgavRddhi, 3. saMkhyAta bhAgavRddhi, 4. saMkhyAta guNAvRddhi, 5. asaMkhyAta guNAvRddhi, 6. anaMta gunnaavRddhi| isI taraha se hAni bhI chaha prakAra kI hotI hai| dravyAdi meM vRddhi/ hAni Avazyakaniyukti aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra uparyukta chaha prakAra kI vRddhi aura hAni meM se dravya meM do, kSetra va kAla meM cAra aura paryAya (bhAva) meM chaha prakAra kI hotI hai| prathama va aMtima (anaMta bhAgavRddhi aura anaMta guNAvRddhi) ina do bhedoM ko chor3akara zeSa cAra bheda kSetra aura kAla meM vRddhi aura hAni ke rUpa meM pAye jAte haiN| kSetra aura kAla meM anaMta bhAga aura anaMtaguNa vRddhi aura hAni nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki kSetra aura kAla anaMta nahIM haiN| avadhijJAnI avadhi ke utpanna hone ke prathama samaya meM jitanA kSetra dekhate haiM usake bAda pratyeka samaya bar3hate-bar3hate koI asaMkhyAta bhAga jitanA dekhate haiM, koI saMkhyAta bhAga jitanA, koI saMkhyAta guNA jitanA aura koI asaMkhyAta guNA jitanA kSetra dekhate haiN| isI prakAra kSetra meM cAra prakAra kI hAni bhI jAnanI caahie| kSetra kI taraha hI kAla meM bhI uparyukta cAra prakAra kI vRddhi aura hAni hotI hai| matAntara ___ yahAM jinabhadragaNi aura akalaMka donoM meM matabheda hai| akalaMka ke anusAra dravya meM bhI vRddhi aura hAni cAra prakAra se hotI hai| jabaki jinabhadragaNi ne dravya meM do prakAra kI vRddhi aura hAni hI mAnI hai| jinabhadragaNi dvArA dravya meM do prakAra kI vRddhi aura hAni mAnane kA kAraNa TIkAkAra maladhArI hemacandra ne spaSTa kiyA hai, lekina akalaMka ne isakA koI spaSTIkaraNa nahIM diyA hai| maladhArI hemacandra ke anusAra avadhijJAnI jitanA dravya dekhatA hai usase pIche koI anaMtabhAga adhika dekhate haiM, koI anaMtaguNA adhika dekhate haiM, lekina vastu svabhAva se asaMkhyAtAdi bhAga adhika nahIM dekhate haiN| aise hI anaMta bhAga kama aura anaMtaguNA kama dekhate haiM, kiMtu vastu svabhAva se asaMkhyAta bhAga kama nahIM dekhate haiN| paryAya meM uparyukta chaha hI prakAra kI vRddhi aura hAni pAI jAtI hai|63 dravyAdi kA paraspara saMbaMdha dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kA paraspara vRddhi aura hAni kI apekSA se vicAra kareM to dravyAdi eka kI vRddhi hone para anya kI vRddhi aura dravyAdi eka kI hAni hone para anya kI hAni hotI hai| paraMtu isase viparIta dravyAdi eka kI hAni hone para dUsare kI vRddhi hotI ho tathA dravyAdi eka kI vRddhi hone se dUsare kI hAni hotI ho, prAyaH aisA nahIM hotA haiN| 'vuDDIe ciya vuDDI hANI hANIe na u vivajjAso'364 meM 'vivajjAso' zabda kA artha hai - viparyAsa (viparIta) arthAt dravyAdi kI vRddhi 360. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 59, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 728 361. maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 728 kA bhAvArtha 362. evaM dravyamapi vardhamAnacaturvidhayA vaDyA vardhata / hAnirapi tthaiv| - tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.22, pR.56 363. avadhijJAnInA yAvanti dravyANyupalabdhAni prathama, tataH paraM tebhyo'nantabhAgAdhikAni kazcita paSyati. aparastu tebhyo'nantaguNavRddhAnyeva tAni pazcati: na tvasaMkhyAtabhAgAdhikyAdinA vRddhAni vstusvaabhaavyaat| - maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 728 364. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 733

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [363] aura hAni meM viparyAsa nahIM hotA hai| viparyAsa kA lakSaNa hai ki eka dravyAdi kI hAni hone para dUsare dravyAdi kI vRddhi hotI hai athavA eka dravyAdi kI vRddhi hone para dUsare dravyAdi kI hAni hotI hai| lekina yahA~ para aisA nahIM hotA hai| isalie isa gAthA ke uttarArddha kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra se karanI cAhie ki dravyAdi meM eka kI vRddhi hone para dUsare kI vRddhi hotI hai, lekina hAni rUpa viparyAsa nahIM hotA hai| isI prakAra dravyAdi meM eka kI hAni hone para dUsare kI hAni hotI hai, lekina vRddhi rUpa viparyAsa nahIM hotA hai| jaise ki 'kAle cauNha vuDDI'365 meM kAla kI vRddhi hone para sabakI vRddhi hotI hai| isI prakAra eka kI vRddhi hone para dUsare kA avasthAna hotA hai| 'kAlo bhaiyavvo khettavuDDIe'366 kSetra kI vRddhi hone para kAla kI vRddhi meM bhajanA hai| dravyAdi eka kI hAni hone para dUsaroM kI hAni hotI hai| 'bhAge bhAgo guNaNe guNo ya davvAisaMjoe 367 eka kSetrAdi ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga vRddhi hote hI dUsare ke bhI bhAga meM vRddhi hogI athavA avasthAna rahegA, lekina guNAkAra vRddhi nahIM hogii| jaise ki kAla meM asaMkhyAta bhAga kI vRddhi huI to kSetra meM bhI asaMkhyAta bhAga kI hI vRddhi hogI, lekina kSetra meM asaMkhyAtaguNA kI vRddhi nahIM hogii| isI prakAra eka meM guNAkAra vRddhi hotI hai to dUsare meM bhI guNAkAra vRddhi hI hogI yA avasthAna hogA, lekina bhAga vRddhi nahIM hogii| jaise kAla asaMkhyAta guNA bar3hA ho to kSetra meM bhI asaMkhyAta guNA kI vRddhi hogI, lekina asaMkhyAta bhAga kI vRddhi nahIM hogii| maladhArI hemacandra ke anusAra upuryakta varNana meM vRddhi aura hAni kA ekAMta niyama nahIM, kyoMki kSetrAdi meM bhAga kI vRddhi hone para dravyAdi meM guNAkAra vRddhi honA bhI saMbhava hai|69 jinabhadragaNi ke mantavya kA sArAMza hai ki kSetra meM cAra prakAra kI, dravya meM do prakAra kI aura paryAya meM chaha prakAra kI vRddhi aura hAni kahI hai| yaha vRddhi aura hAni avadhijJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama ke AdhIna hone se vicitra hai|70 vardhamAna-hIyamAna avadhijJAna ke vardhamAna aura hIyamAna ina donoM bhedoM kA Avazyakaniyukti,371 vishessaavshykbhaassy| SaTkhaNDAgama73, naMdIsUtra 4 tattvArthasUtra75 aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI bRhadvRtti meM varNana hai| Avazyakaniyukti aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra vardhamAna aura hIyamAna ke svarUpa kA varNana uparyukta varNita vRddhi aura hAni ke samAna hI hai| naMdIsUtra ke anusAra - jisa avadhijJAna meM vicAroM ke prazasta hone para tathA unakI vizuddhi hote rahane para evaM paryAyoM kI apekSA cAritra bar3hatA huA hone para sabhI ora se vRddhi hotI hai, vaha vardhamAna avadhijJAna hai| 365. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 617 366. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 617 367. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 733 368. maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti, vize0 bhASya, gAthA 733 kA bhAvArtha 369.prAyeNa caitad draSTavyam kSetrAderbhAgena vRddhAvapi dravyAdegurNakAreNa vRddhisNbhvaaditi|-mldhaarii hemacandra bRhadvRtti, vize0 bhASya, gA. 733 370. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 734-737 371. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 59 372. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 728 373. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sUtra 5-5-56, pu. 292 374. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra pR. 30 375. tattvArthasUtra 1.23 376. calazcAvadhivyAdiviSayamaMgIkRtya vardhamAnako hIyamAnako vA bhvti|- maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti, vize0bhASya, gAthA 728 377. se kiM taM vaDDamANayaM ohiNANaM? vaDDamANayaM ohiNANaM pasatthesu ajjhava sAyaTThANesu vaTTamANassa vaDDamANacarittassa visujjhamANassa visujjhamANacarittassa savvao samaMtA ohi vdddd| - naMdIsUtra pR. 35

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jisa avadhijJAna meM vicAroM ke aprazasta hone para tathA unameM malinatA Ate rahane para evaM paryAyoM kI apekSA cAritra ghaTatA huA hone para sabhI ora se hAni hotI hai, vaha hIyamAna avadhijJAna hai|78 haribhadra ke anusAra jo avadhijJAna utpatti kAla ke sAtha hI bujhatI huI agnijvAlA kI taraha kSINa hone lagatA hai, vaha hIyamAna avadhijJAna hai|79 umAsvAti ke anusAra jaise IMdhana nahIM DAlane se agni maMda ho jAtI hai vaise hI jitanA avadhijJAna utpanna huA hai vaha vizuddhi ke abhAva meM dhIre-dhIre ghaTatA hai, vaha hIyamAna avadhijJAna hai| jaise agni meM Idhana DAlane para vaha bar3hatI rahatI hai, vaise hI vizuddhi bar3hane para niraMtara avadhijJAna meM vRddhi hotI rahatI hai, vaha vardhamAna avadhijJAna hai|280 SaTakhaNDAgama meM to vardhamAna aura hIyamAna kA nAmollekha hI huA hai| inakA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa dhavalATIkAkAra ne kiyA hai ki jo avadhijJAna utpanna ho kara zuklapakSa ke candramaMDala ke samAna pratisamaya avasthAna ke binA jaba taka apane utkRSTa vikalpa ko prApta hokara agale samaya meM kevalajJAna ko utpanna kara vinaSTa nahIM ho jAtA hai taba taka bar3hatA hI rahatA hai, vaha vardhamAna avadhijJAna hai| kRSNapakSa ke candramaMDala ke samAna jo avadhijJAna utpanna ho kara vRddhi aura avasthAna ke binA niHzeSa vinaSTa hone taka ghaTatA hI jAtA hai vaha hIyamAna avadhijJAna hai| isakA aMtarbhAva dezAvadhi meM hotA hai| paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi meM hAni nahIM hotI hai| isalie inameM hIyamAna samAviSTa nahIM hotA hai| dhavalATIkA meM vardhamAna avadhijJAna ke lakSaNa ke sambandha meM do bAta vizeSa haiM - (1) jo utpatti ke samaya se prati samaya avasthAna ke binA vRddhi ko prApta hotA rahatA hai| (2) kevalajJAna kI prApti na ho vahA~ taka kramazaH vRddhi hotI hai|87 pUjyapAda ne bhI vardhamAna evaM hIyamAna ko lagabhaga isI prakAra samajhAyA hai, lekina yaha kahA gayA hai ki varddhamAna jitane parimANa meM utpanna hotA hai usase asaMkhya lokapramANa jAnane kI yogyatA hone taka bar3hatA rahatA hai aura hIyamAna aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAgapramANa jAnane kI yogyatA hone taka ghaTatA calA jAtA hai| ukta varNana ke AdhAra se kaha sakate hai ki hIyamAna meM avadhijJAna naSTa nahIM hotA hai|82 naMdIcUrNi, haribhadrIyA naMdIvRtti aura malayagiri kI naMdIvRtti meM hIyamAna avadhijJAna kA vizeSa varNana upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| 'savvAo-samaMtA' vizeSaNoM ke anusAra hIyamAna avadhijJAna cAroM ora se ghaTatA hai| yaha eka prakAra kA sAmAnya niyama hai, kintu kabhI ekAdi dizA meM bhI vaha jJAna hIyamAna ho sakatA hai| avadhi jitanA hai, usase kama honA hIyamAna hai aura pUrA naSTa honA pratipAtI hai| jaba hIyamAna hotA hai taba saMklizyamAna bhAva hote haiN| kintu saMklizyamAna bhAvoM meM vibhaMga bhI ghaTa sakatA hai| nAraka devoM kA avadhijJAna kSetra se hIyamAna nahIM hotA hai, kintu dravya aura bhAva se hIyamAna ho sakatA hai| vardhamAna avadhijJAna ke bheda meM, kSetra kI apekSA bar3he use hI vardhamAna kahA hai| kintu utane hI kSetra meM dravya-paryAya kI vRddhi ho sakatI hai, usakI yahA~ vivakSA nahIM kI hai, lekina use bhI eka apekSA se vardhamAna kaha sakate haiN| 378. hIyamANayaM ohiNANaM appasatthehiM ajjhavasAyaTThANehiM vaTTamANassa vaTTamANacarittassa saMkilissamANassa saMkilissamANa carittassa savvao samaMtA ohI parihAyai, settaM hIyamANayaM ohinnaannN| - naMdIsUtra pR. 39 379. hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 23 380. tattvArthabhASya 1.23 pR. 98-99 381. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.56, pR. 293 382. sarvArthasiddhi 1.22 pR.90

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [365] vRddhi aura hAni ke kAraNa naMdI ke anusAra prazasta aura vizuddha dravyalezyAyukta ciMtana aura prazasta cAritra hone se uttarottara cAritra kI vizuddhi hotI hai arthAt mUlaguNoM kI vRddhi hotI hai| yaha vRddhi avadhijJAna ke vardhamAna hone meM kAraNabhUta hotI hai| aprazasta aura avizuddha dravyalezyAyukta ciMtana aura aprazasta cAritra vAlA zrAvaka yA sAdhu jaba azubha vicAroM se saMkleza ko prApta hotA hai tathA usake cAritra meM saMkleza hotA hai arthAt mUlaguNoM kI hAni hotI hai, taba saba ora se tathA saba prakAra se avadhijJAna kI pUrva avasthA se hAni hotI hai, yaha hIyamAna avadhijJAna hai|383 1. tIvra-maMda dvAra evaM avadhijJAna jinabhadragaNi ne isakA ullekha vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 738-747 taka kiyA hai| avadhijJAna kI tIvratA aura maMdatA kA varNana vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM tIvra aura maMda dvAra meM kiyA gayA hai| avadhijJAna kI tIvratA aura maMdatA kA varNana vizeSAvazyakabhASya aura inakI TIkAoM meM hI prApta hotA hai| anya grantha aura sAhityoM meM nahIM milatA hai| isa prakAra kA ullekha jinabhadragaNi kA vaiziSTya hai| tIvra-maMda-mizra kA svarUpa tIvra - avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke vizuddha kSayopazamajanya spardhaka se utpanna avadhijJAna nirmala hone se tIvra kahalAtA hai| maMda - avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke azuddha kSayopazamajanya spardhaka se utpanna avadhijJAna malina hone se maMda kahalAtA hai| tIvra-maMda (mizra) - avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke madhyama kSayopazamajanya spardhaka se utpanna avadhijJAna vizuddhAvizuddha hone se mizra (tIvra-maMda) kahalAtA hai|84 spardhaka avidhajJAna isakA varNana Avazyakaniyukti aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya, naMdIsUtra kI cUrNi aura TIkAoM meM prApta hotA hai lekina digambara sAhitya meM spardhaka avadhijJAna kA varNana prApta nahIM hotA hai|85 spardhaka kA svarUpa jinabhadragaNi-kSamAzramaNa ne svaracita bhASya kI TIkA meM kahA hai ki 'sparddhakamavadhiviccheda vizeSaH iti, tAni ca ekajIvasyAsaMkhyeyAni saMkhyeyAni ca bhvnti|' arthAt avadhijJAna ke viccheda vizeSa ko sparddhaka kahate haiN| ve sparddhaka eka jIva ke saMkhyAta aura asaMkhyAta bhI ho sakate haiN|86 jinabhadragaNi ke kathanAnusAra 'jAlaMtararatthadIvappahovamo phaDDagAvahI hoi|' jAlI Adi se DhaMke hue dIpaka kI prabhA kA jisa prakAra nigamana hotA hai vaise hI spardhaka avadhi hotA hai|87 AvazyakacUrNikAra ke mantavyAnusAra - eka dIpaka jala rahA hai| usa para jAlIdAra Dhakkana lagA huA hai| usase prakAza kI razmiyA~ chidroM se bAhara AtI haiN| ve razmiyA~ bAhya sthita rUpI padArthoM ko prakAzita karatI hai| isI prakAra jIva ke bhI jina AkAzapradezoM (AtmapradezoM) meM avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazama hotA hai, unameM avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai| jina AkAza pradezoM meM avadhijJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama nahIM hotA, unameM avadhijJAna utpanna nahIM hotA hai| jIva ke kucha AkAza pradezoM meM avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai, kucha meM nahIM hotA hai| jina AkAza pradezoM meM avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai, unheM spardhaka kahA jAtA hai|88 383. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 35,39 384. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 740 evaM bRhadvRtti 385. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 60, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 740, malayagiri naMdIvRtti pR. 83 386, vizeSAvazyakabhASya (svopajJa) gAthA 734-736 387. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 740 388. Avazyakaniyukti bhAga 1, pR. 61

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[366] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana maladhArI hemacandra kA kathana hai ki jAlI Adi kI oTa meM rahe hue dIpaka kA prakAza jAlI ke chidroM se jisa prakAra nikalatA hai vaise hI avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se avadhijJAna Atmapradeza se chidroM kI taraha nikala kara rUpI padArthoM ko prakAzita karatA hai, isa prakAra ke Atmapradeza spardhaka kahalAte haiN|389 malayagiri ke anusAra - jaise jharokhe kI jAlI meM se nikalane vAlI dIpaka kI prabhA kA pratiniyata AkAra hotA hai, vaise hI spardhaka avadhijJAna kI prabhA kA pratiniyata viccheda karate haiN|390 spardhakoM kA sthAna avadhijJAna ke kucha spardhaka paryantavartI AtmapradezoM meM utpanna hote haiN| kucha Age ke AtmapradezoM meM, kucha pRSThavartI AtmapradezoM meM, kucha adhobhAga meM, kucha uparitana bhAga meM tathA kucha madhyavartI AtmapradezoM meM utpanna hote haiN|91 spardhakoM kI saMkhyA yaha spardhaka eka jIva kI apekSA saMkhyAta athavA asaMkhyAta hote haiN| spardhakoM meM upayoga jIva kA jaba eka spardhaka meM upayoga hai to niyama se vaha sabhI spardhakoM meM upayogavAn hotA hai, jaise ki jaise eka cakSu meM upayoga hotA hai to dUsare cakSu se bhI upayoga hotA hai| prazna - yadi jIva kA sabhI spardhakoM meM upayoga hotA hai to bahuta upayogoM kA prasaMga upasthita ho jAegA? uttara - aisA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki donoM cakSuoM kA upayoga hone para bhI svabhAva se jIva ke eka samaya meM eka hI vastu meM upayoga rahatA hai| vaise hI bahuta spardhakoM meM upayoga hote huye bhI eka samaya meM eka spardhaka meM hI upayoga hotA hai| yathA yaha hAthI hai, dakSiNa kI ora ghor3e haiM, pIche ratha hai aura Age paidala sainika haiN| isa prakAra vastu vizeSa meM donoM cakSuoM ke dvArA bahuta upayoga nahIM hokara sAmAnya rUpa se (hAthI, ghor3A, ratha, sainika Adi dekhane se) yaha lazkara hai, aisA sAmAnya rUpa eka hI upayoga hotA hai| lekina alaga-alaga upayoga nahIM hote haiN|392 spardhaka ke prakAra spardhaka tIna prakAra ke hote haiM yathA anugAmI, ananugAmI aura mishr| avadhijJAnI ke jisa deza meM rahate hue jo spardhaka utpanna hue, ve spardhaka usa deza se anya sthAna para jAte samaya bhI sAtha meM rahate haiM, to ve AnugAmika spardhaka kahalAte haiN| isake viparIta sAtha meM nahIM jAte vaha ananugAmI spardhaka kahalAte haiN| kucha spardhaka sAtha meM jAte haiM kucha sAtha meM nahIM jAte haiM ve mizra spardhaka kahalAte haiN| uparyukta tInoM bhedoM ke punaH tIna-tIna prakAra hote haiM - pratipAtI, apratipAtI aura ubhaya (mishr)| jo spardhaka kucha samaya taka rahane ke bAda avazya hI naSTa ho jAte haiM, ve pratipAtI spardhaka hote haiN| usake viparIta svabhAva vAle arthAt nAza ko prApta nahIM hote haiM, ve apratipAtI aura kucha nAza ko prApta ho evaM kucha nahIM ve mizra (ubhaya) kahalAte haiN|93 389. apavarakAdijAlakAntarasthapradIpaprabhAnirgama sthAnAnIvA'vadhijJAnAvaraNa -kSayopazama -janyAnyavadhijJAnanirgamasthAnAnIha phddddkaanyucynte| - maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 738, pR. 308 390. sparddhakaM ca nAmAvadhijJAnaprabhAyA gavAkSajAlAdi-dvAravinirgatapradIpaprabhAyA iva pratiniyato viccheda vizeSaH / - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 83 391. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 83 392. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 742 393. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 743

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [367] zaMkA tIvra aura maMda dvAra meM avadhijJAna ke viSaya kA bar3hate ghaTate krama meM varNana karanA cAhie thA, lekina yahA~ spardhaka avadhijJAna kA varNana kiyA hai, isakA kyA kAraNa hai? - samAdhAna - anugAmI aura apratipAtI spardhaka ati vizuddha hone se tIvra kahalAte haiM tathA ananugAmI aura pratipAtI spardhaka azuddha hone se maMda kahalAte haiM aura mizra spardhaka madhyama kahalAte haiN| isalie spardhaka kA svarUpa kahane se tIvra - maMda dvAra kA bhI svarUpa samajha meM A jaaegaa| anugAmI aura apratipAtI spardhakoM meM aMtara apratipAtI spardhaka avadhijJAnI ke sAtha avazya jAte haiM arthAt apratipAtI spardhaka anugAmI hI hote haiM, lekina ananugAmI nahIM hote haiN| jabaki anugAmI spardhaka pratipAtI, apratipAtI aura ubhaya (mizra) prakAra ke hote haiN| jaise ki anugAmI spardhaka (svastha AMkhoM vAle ke samAna) apratihata netra ke samAna apratipAtI hai athavA asvastha netra vAle ke samAna pratipAtI bhI hote haiM, yahI inameM aMtara hai| ananugAmI aura pratipAtI spardhakoM meM aMtara pratipAtI spardhaka girate ( naSTa) bhI haiM aura girane ke bAda kisI samaya anya sthAna para jAne se utpanna bhI ho jAte haiM, lekina ananugAmI spardhakoM meM aisA nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki jisa sthAna meM rahate hue jo spardhaka utpanna hote haiM usI sthAna meM rahate hue naSTa hote haiM athavA nahIM bhI hote haiN| jo naSTa hote hai, ve spardhaka punaH utpatti sthAna meM Ate hI utpanna ho jAte haiM / yahI ina donoM meM aMtara hai| vizuddhi tathA saMkleza se spardhakoM kI tIvratA aura maMdatA hotI hai| aise spardhaka vizuddhi aura saMkleza ke vaza hokara prAyaH manuSya aura tiryaMca meM hI hote haiM 194 isa tIvramaMda dvAra meM AnugAmika aura pratipAtI Adi cAroM kA ullekha spardhaka svabhAva ke rUpa meM huA hai |395 spardhaka pratipAtI AnugAmika anAnugAmika apratipAtI mizra pratipAtI pratipAtI - apratipAtI avadhijJAna - naMdIsUtra ke anusAra jo avadhijJAna utpanna hone ke bAda naSTa hotA hai vaha pratipAtI hai aura jo naSTa nahIM hotA vaha apratipAtI hai arthAt jo avadhijJAna alokAkAza meM eka pradeza athavA usase adhika dekhane kI kSamatA rakhatA ho, vaha apratipAtI avadhijJAna hai / 396 apratipAtI mizra pratipAtI mizra 394. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 744745 396. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 40-41 397. pratipAtIti vinAzI vidyutaprakAzavat tadviparIto'pratipAtI / - tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.22.5 pR. 56 apratipAtI mizra akalaMka kA kahanA hai ki pratipAtI ko bijalI ke prakAza ke samAna mAnA hai| jaise bijalI jhapaka ke gAyaba hotI hai vaise hI pratipAtI bhI calA jAtA hai| isake viparIta apratipAtI hotA hai 97 apratipAtI niyama se AnugAmika hotA hai, lekina AnugAmika pratipAtI aura apratipAtI donoM prakAra kA hotA hai| 395. Avazyaka niryukti gAthA 59-60, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 734-735

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[368] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana vIrasenAcArya kA abhimata hai ki pratipAtI avadhijJAna utpanna hokara nirmUla naSTa ho jAtA hai| apratipAtI avadhijJAna kevalajJAna utpanna hone para hI vinaSTa hotA hai| 98 apratipAtI ke viSaya meM haribhadrasUri kA bhI yahI mata hai 399 malayagiri kA mantavya hai ki jo avadhijJAna utpanna hone para kSayopazama ke anurUpa kucha kAla taka avasthita rahakara bAda meM pradIpa kI taraha pUrNa rUpa se bujha jAtA hai, vaha pratipAti avadhijJAna hai / jo jJAna kevalajJAna kI prApti se pUrva naSTa nahIM hotA, vaha apratipAtI avadhijJAna hai / 400 Avazyakaniryukti, naMdIsUtra, vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1 aura SaTkhaNDAgama 102 ke anusAra jaba taka avadhijJAna loka maryAdita rahatA hai taba taka vaha pratipAtI hotA hai / paraMtu jaba aloka ke eka bhAga ko bhI sparza karatA hai to niyama se apratipAtI hotA hai| uparyukta varNana meM TIkAkAroM ne apratipAtI avadhijJAna kA artha kevalajJAna kI prApti ke pUrva taka rahanA kiyA hai, jo ki ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki 1. AgamAnusAra aloka meM eka bhI AkAza pradeza dekhane kI yogyatA vAle avadhijJAnI kA avadhijJAna apratipAtI hotA hai| Avazyakaniryukti ke anusAra sampUrNa loka dekhane vAlA avadhijJAnI kAla se dezona palyopama jitanA bhUta-bhaviSya jAnatA hai / bhagavatIsUtra ke pandraha zataka ke anusAra sumaMgala anagAra ne apane avadhijJAna se vimalavAhana rAjA ke 22 sAgaropama pahale ke pUrvabhava (gozAlaka ke bhava) ko jAna leNge| 22 sAgaropama jitane bhUtakAla ko jAnane vAlA avadhijJAna aneka loka jitane kSetra ko aloka meM bhI jAnane kI kSamatA vAlA hai| ataH sumaMgala anagAra kA avadhi niyama se apratipAtI hai| unakA yaha apratipAtI avadhijJAna jIvanaparyanta rhegaa| sumaMgala anagAra usa bhava meM mokSa nahIM jAkara sarvArthasiddha vimAna meM jAyeMge / ataH isase siddha hotA hai ki apratipAtI avadhijJAna vAlA usI bhava meM mokSa jAve, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| jIva jisa bhava meM mokSa nahIM jAtA hai, usako usa bhava meM kevalajJAna bhI nahIM hotA yaha sarvasiddha hI hai / 2. prajJApanAsUtra ke 33veM pada meM nAraka aura devoM kA avadhijJAna apratipAtI batAyA hai / vahA~ bhI avadhijJAna bhava paryanta rahatA hai, aisA hI artha kiyA hai| kyoMki nArakI devatA se koI bhI jIva kevalajJAna prApta karake mokSa nahIM jAtA hai| ataH isa prasaMga meM apratipAtI avadhijJAna kA artha usa bhava meM nahIM girane vAlA hI mAnanA pddeNgaa| isalie jJAna ke prasaMga meM eka hI zabda ke do artha karanA ucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai| isalie apratipAtI jJAna kA artha usa bhava ke aMtima samaya taka vidyamAna rahane vAlA jJAna aisA mAnanA hI tarka saMgata hai| ataH TIkAkAroM ne apratipAtI jJAna ko kevalajJAna kI prApti kI pUrvAvasthA taka vidyamAna rahanA mAnA hai, vaha AgamAnusAra nahIM hai / yahI artha vipulamati manaH paryavajJAna ke lie bhI samajhanA caahie| kyoMki jinako vipulamati manaH paryavajJAna hotA hai, Avazyaka nahIM kI unako usI bhava meM kevalajJAna ho hI / apratipAtI meM bhI vardhamAna hIyamAna ho sakatA hai, kintu usakA apratipAtitva naSTa na ho utanA hI hIyamAna ho sakatA hai| apratipAtI avadhijJAna vAle kA saMharaNa hone meM bAdhA nahIM hai| paramAvadhi meM vizuddha bhAva hone se saMharaNa kama sambhava hai / apratipAtI avadhijJAna apratisevI meM hI sambhava hai| 398. jamohiNANamuppaNaM saMtaM kevalaNANe samuppaNNe ceva viNassadi, aNNahA Na viNasyadi tamappaDivAdI nAma | 399. hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti pR. 29 400. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 82 401. Avazyakaniryukti gAthA 52, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 699 SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13, sU. 5.5.56 402. SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13, 5.5.56, pR. 295

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [369] naMdIsUtra meM pratipAta hone ke hetu kA koI varNana nahIM hai, kintu hIyamAna avadhijJAna ke do kAraNa batAe haiM - aprazasta adhyavasAya aura sNklesh| pratipAta ke bhI ye do kAraNa ho sakate haiM 103 naMdIsUtra meM jo aMgula kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga diyA hai, vaha jaghanya avadhi jitanA kSetra ho sakatA hai| isake kAraNa jIva jaghanya avadhi se gira sakatA hai| naMdIsUtra04 meM jitane prakAra pratipAtI avadhi ke diye haiM una saba meM utpatti ke prathama samaya se hI giranA prAraMbha ho yaha jarUrI nahIM hai| pahale kama ho kara phira bar3hakara bhI gira sakatA hai| sthAnAMga ke pAMcaveM sthAna ke pahale uddezaka meM avadhi se girane ke pAMca kAraNoM meM 'tappaDhamayAe' batAyA hai| tadanusAra TIkAkAra utpatti ke prathama samaya meM se hI giranA mAnate haiN| kintu antarmuhUrta meM giranA mAnanA adhika ucita hai| sAtha hI vaha prathama antarmuhUrta meM gire hI, aisA bhI jarUrI nahIM hai, kyoMki pratipAtI avadhi kA artha hai girane ke svabhAva vaalaa| giregA hI aisA artha nahIM hai| jisa prakAra sopakramI jIva Ayu upakrama laganA jarUrI nahIM hai, usI prakAra pratipAtI kA bhI giranA Avazyaka nahIM hai| pratipAtI aura anAnugAmika meM aMtara pratipAtI to niyama se naSTa hotA hai aura anAnugAmika naSTa hone ke bAda punaH ho sakatA hai|105 maladhArI hemacandra sUri isa bAta ko isa prakAra se kahate haiM ki - pratipAtI naSTa hokara punaH utpanna ho sakatA hai, lekina yadi anAnugAmika naSTa ho gayA hai to vaha punaH apane utpatti kSetra meM Ane para utpanna ho sakatA hai, anya jagaha para nahIM 106 AnugAmika, anAnugAmika aura mizra ke spardhaka tIvra, madhyama aura maMda hote haiN| inameM se AnugAmika apratipAtI spardhaka tIvra hote haiM, anAnugAmika aura pratipAtI spardhaka maMda hote haiM aura mizra spardhaka ubhaya svabhAva vAle hote haiN| jo spardhaka nirmala hote haiM unako tIvra kahate haiM aura jo malina hote haiM unheM maMda kahate haiN| kucha AcArya pratipAtI utpAda dvAra meM hI AnugAmika Adi tIna kA samAveza karate haiN| isameM koI virodha nahIM hai|107 vibhaMgajJAna bhI chaha prakAra kA ho sakatA hai| apratipAtI vibhaMga jJAna bhI jIvana bhara rahane vAlA hI samajhanA caahie| vibhaMga se loka ke bahuta saMkhyAta bhAgoM ko (navagraiveyaka jitanA) jAnA jA sakatA hai| 8. pratipAta-utpAda dvAra ke antargata avadhijJAna jinabhadragaNi ne isakA ullekha vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 748-762 taka kiyA hai| dravya-kSetra-kAla aura bhAva saMbaMdhI bAhya viSaya ke avadhijJAna kI prApti meM eka samaya meM utpAda (utpanna honA), pratipAta (naSTa honA) aura utpAda-pratipAta kI bhajanA hotI hai| isake mAdhyama se bhASyakAra ne bAhya avadhi aura AbhyaMtara avadhi kA varNana kiyA hai| isa viSaya kA varNana mAtra Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 62-63 aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya aura usakI TIkAoM meM milatA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM isakA varNana vizeSa rUpa se hai, jo ki anyatra prApta nahIM hotA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se jo avadhijJAna cAroM ora se nahIM dekhatA ho, yA jharokhe kI jAlI meM se nikale hue dIpaka ke prakAza kI bhA~ti truTaka (antara) avadhi ho, use 'bAhya avadhi' kahate haiM aura jo avadhijJAna, sabhI ora kI dizAoM meM saMlagnatA rUpa se sImita kSetra ko prakAzita karatA ho aura avadhijJAna vAle ke sAtha vaha prakAzita kSetra truTaka arthAt vyavadhAna rahita evaM sambandhita ho, use 'Abhyantara avadhijJAna' kahate haiN| 403. naMdIsUtra, pR. 39 404. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 40 405. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 740-741 406. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 745 407. vizeSAvazyakabhASya 736, 739, 742,743

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[370] (1) bAhya avadhijJAna kA svarUpa AvazyakaniyuktikAra ke anusAra jisa sthAna para avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai, usI sthAna para sthita avadhijJAnI kucha bhI dekha nahIM pAtA hai| usa utpatti sthAna se aMgula, pRthaktva yAvat saMkhyAta yojana athavA asaMkhyAta yojana dUra jAne para hI dekha pAtA hai, vaha bAhya avadhijJAna hai jinabhadragaNi kA abhimata hai ki jisa avadhijJAnI kA avadhijJAna eka dizA meM hotA hai, bIca-bIca meM aMtara vAlA spardhaka avadhijJAna athavA asaMbaddha avadhijJAna hotA hai, usako bAhya avadhi kahate haiM AvazyakacUrNikAra ne bhI aisA hI ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki pUrvadRSTa dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ke kucha hisse ko jisa eka samaya meM nahIM dekhatA, usI eka samaya meM kucha adRSTapUrva ko dekha letA hai / isa prakAra eka hI samaya meM jJAna kA utpAda aura pratipAta hotA hai / 10 maladhArI hemacandra ne bAhya avadhi kA svarUpa batAne se pUrva prAcIna bhASyakAra aura TIkAkAroM kA mata prastuta kiyA hai jisa avadhijJAnI kA avadhijJAna eka dizA meM athavA aneka dizA meM hotA hai, lekina bIca-bIca meM aMtara vAlA spardhaka avadhijJAna hotA hai, use bAhya avadhijJAna kahate haiM athavA jisa avadhijJAnI kA avadhijJAna sabhI ora se parimaNDala (golAkAra) AkAra kA hote hue bhI aMgulAdi kSetra ke vyavadhAna se cAroM ora se asaMbaddha hotA hai, use bAhya avadhijJAna kahate haiN| avadhijJAnI apane jisa jJAna se eka dizA meM sthita padArthoM ko jAnatA hai athavA kucha spardhaka vizuddha, kucha spardhaka avizuddha hone se aneka dizAoM meM antara sahita jAnatA hai athavA kSetrIya vyavadhAna ke kAraNa asaMbaddha jAnatA hai, vaha bAhyAvadhi kahalAtA hai| bAhyAvadhi ko dezAvadhi kahA jAtA hai| bAhya avadhi meM eka samaya meM dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva saMbaMdhI utpAda - pratipAta Adi kI bhajanA samajhanI caahie| vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana prazna- eka samaya meM utpAda - pratipAta kaise hotA hai ? uttara - kisI jIva ko eka samaya meM bAhya avadhi kA utpAda huA aura prathama samaya meM alpa dravyAdi ko jAnane vAlA bAhya avadhi huaa| bAda meM vizuddhi se kisI eka samaya meM adhika dravyAdi padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, yaha eka samaya meM bAhya avadhi meM utpAda hotA hai| isake viparIta kisI eka samaya meM bAhya avadhi se jitane dravyAdi ko jAna rahA thA bAda meM kisI samaya vicAroM kI azuddhatA se kisI eka samaya meM hIna dravyAdi padArthoM ko jAnatA hai yaha eka samaya meM bAhya avadhi meM pratipAta hotA hai| kabhI-kabhI eka samaya meM utpAda aura pratipAta donoM sAtha meM hote haiM, jaise ki eka dizA meM jAnane vAlA bAhya avadhi meM Asa-pAsa ke kSetra kA saMkoca rUpa pratipAta hotA hai aura usI samaya meM Age ke bhAga meM vRddhi rUpa utpAda hotA haiN| isake viparIta Age ke bhAga meM saMkoca rUpa pratipAta hotA hai jisase Asa-pAsa niraMtara rUpa avadhi kA utpAda hotA hai| isa prakAra eka samaya meM utpAda pratipAta ghaTita hotA hai| isI prakAra spardhaka athavA aneka dizA vAle bAhya avadhi meM eka dizA meM utpAda hotA hai aura dUsarI dizA meM pratipAta hotA hai tathA sabhI dizA ke valayAkAra rUpa bAhya avadhi meM bhI jisa samaya meM eka deza meM valaya ke vistAra kI adhikatA se utpAda hotA hai usI samaya anya dizA meM valaya ke saMkoca rUpa pratipAta hotA hai| isalie bAhya avadhi meM eka samaya meM utpAda Adi kI bhajanA hai| 409. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 749 so ohiNNANaM na kiMci pAsai / taM puNa ThANaM jAhe AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1, pR. 62-63 408. Avazyakaniryukti gAthA 62 410. bahiralaMbho nAma jattha se Thiyassa ohiNNANaM samuppaNNaM, tammi ThANe aMtayiM evaM jAva saMkhijjehiM vA, asaMkhijjehiM vA jAyaNehiM, tAhe pAsai 411. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 749 kI bRhadvRtti kA bhAvArtha

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [371] zaMkA - utpAda-pratipAta Adi virodhI dharma eka samaya meM avadhi meM kisa prakAra ghaTita hote haiM? samAdhAna - yadi saMpUrNa avadhijJAna meM utpAda aura pratipAta eka sAtha mAneMge to virodha utpanna hotA hai, lekina yahA~ utpAda aura pratipAta ko vibhAga rUpa se svIkAra karane meM koI virodha nahIM hogA, kyoMki jaise koI eka ora ghAsa Adi jalAtA hai tathA sAtha hI dUsarI ora jalatI huI ghAsa ko bujhAtA hai| vaise hI eka hI samaya meM eka deza meM vRddhi ho rahI hai tathA usI samaya meM dUsare deza meM nAza ho rahA hai| isalie bAhya avadhi meM eka samaya meM utpAda pratipAta virodhI nahIM haiN|12 (2) Abhyantara avadhi kA svarUpa AvazyakaniyuktikAra ke anusAra - AbhyaMtara avadhi kI prApti jisa kSetra meM hotI hai, usa kSetra meM vahA~ se AraMbha karake vaha avadhijJAnI aMtara rahita saMbaMdhapUrvaka saMkhyAtA athavA asaMkhyAtA yojana paryaMta kSetra ko avadhijJAna se jAnatA aura dekhatA hai| 13 AvazyakacUrNi meM bhI aisA hI ullekha hai| 14 jinabhadragaNi kA abhimata hai ki jisa avadhijJAnI kA avadhijJAna jahA~ utpanna hotA hai vahA~ dIpaka kI prabhA ke samAna cAroM ora se saMbaddha hotA hai, use Abhyantara avadhijJAna kahate haiN|15 maladhArI hemacandra kA mantavya hai ki jisa avadhijJAna meM pradIpa kI prabhA kI taraha AbhyaMtara avadhi avadhijJAnI se nirantara sambaddha, akhaMDa, vibhAgarahita aura eka svarUpa hotA hai, vaha adezAvadhi (sarvAvadhi) kahalAtA hai| utpAda aura pratipAda ke sambandha meM mantavya isa prakAra akhaMDa AbhyaMtara avadhijJAna meM eka samaya meM eka sAtha utpAda aura pratipAta nahIM hotA hai, eka samaya meM eka hI hotA hai| eka sAtha do virodhI dharmoM kA saMbaMdha nahIM hotA hai| jaise ki AvaraNa rahita dIpaka kI prabhA kA cAroM ora se saMkoca athavA vistAra meM se eka hI hotA hai arthAt yugapat eka dizA meM vistAra aura dUsarI dizA meM saMkoca nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki vastu kI utpatti aura nAza eka sAtha eka hI dharma meM nahIM hote haiN| jaise aMgulI rUpa dravya jo dharma se sarala hotI hai, usase saralatA rUpI dharma kA nAza nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki samAna dharma samAna dharma kA nAzaka nahIM hotA hai| lekina eka hI vastu meM bhinna dharmoM ke kAraNa utpAda aura nAza hotA hai| kintu jisa samaya aMgulI rUpI dravya meM saralatA utpanna hotI hai usI samaya vakratA kA nAza hotA hai, lekina aMgulI rUpI dravya avasthita rahatA hai|17| jisa vastu ne sattA prApta kI ho, usI vastu kA nAza saMbhava hai| jisane sattA prApta nahIM kI usakA nAza nahIM hotA, jaise gadhe ke sIMga ke smaan| eka samaya meM vastu kA eka hI svarUpa hotA hai| jisa samaya saralapane ke dharma se saralapanA utpanna hotA hai aura tatkSaNa hI usI dharma se usakA vinAza mAneMge to usa (saralatA) kA nAza sarvadA ke lie ho jaaegaa| jisase utpatti kA abhAva ho jaayegaa| jo vastu sva-svarUpa ko prApta nahIM hogI to usakI sattA bhI nahIM hogii| isa pramANa se sarvadA vastu kI utpatti kA abhAva hogaa| jaba vastu kI sattA (utpatti) nahIM hogI to usakA vinAza bhI nahIM hogA tathA utpatti aura vinAza ke abhAva meM vastu avasthita bhI kaise rahegI? jaba vastu kA utpAda, nAza aura avasthita ghaTita nahIM hogA, to vastu kI sattA kharaviSANavat hogI hI nhiiN|18 412. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 750-751 kI bRhadvRtti kA bhAvArtha 413. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 63 414. tattha abhiMtaraladdhI nAma jattha se Thiyassa ohinnANaM samuppaNaM, tato ThANAo Arabbha so ohinnANI niraMtarasaMbaddhaM saMjjjaM vA asaMkhejjaM vA khittaM ohiNA jANai, pAsai esa abbhiNtrlddhii| - AvazyakacarNi bhAga 1, pR. 64 415. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 753 416. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 749 kI bahavRtti 417. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 754-756 kI bRhadvatti 418. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 757-758 kI bRhadvRtti

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[372] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana vizeSAvazyakabhASya 'saMkhejja maNodavve bhAgo logapaliyassa bodhabbo' (gAthA 669) meM dravya, kSetra aura kAla kA paraspara saMbaMdha batAyA thaa| usI prakAra yahA~ utpAda-pratipAta dvAra meM dravya kA guNa ke sAtha saMbaMdha batAyA hai, kSetra aura kAla ke sAtha nahI, kyoMki guNa dravya ke Azrita rahate haiM kSetra aura kAla ke nahIM 19 avadhijJAnI eka skaMdha athavA paramANu Adi dravya kI utkRSTa se asaMkhyAta, madhyama se saMkhyAta aura jaghanya se dviguNita paryAya arthAt varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza rUpa cAra paryAya avazya dekhatA hai, lekina eka dravya kI anaMta paryAya nahIM dekhtaa| kyoMki anaMtadravya samUha kI jitanI anaMta paryAya hotI haiM, unako dekhatA hai| 20 nAraka aura deva, to bhava-svabhAva se hI avadhi ke madhyavartI (Abhyantara avadhivAle) hote haiM bAhya nahIM arthAt sabhI ora prakAzaka aura saMbaMdhita avadhivAle hote haiN| tiryaMca paMcendriya bhava ke svabhAva se hI avadhi ke bAhya hote haiM, kintu antargata nahIM hote| manuSya meM avadhi donoM prakAra kA hotA hai| devatA aura nArakI ke Abhyantara avadhijJAna hone ke tIna kAraNa ho sakate haiM - 1. nairayika aura deva meM avadhijJAna niyamataH hotA hai| 2. unakA avadhijJAna bhavapratyayika hotA hai| 3. unakA avadhijJAna madhyagata hotA hai| madhyagata avadhijJAna meM hI sarvataH dekhane kI zakti hotI hai|27 9-10-11. jJAna-darzana tathA vibhaMga dvAra jinabhadragaNi ne isakA ullekha vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 763-765 taka kiyA hai| isa dvAra meM Avazyakaniyukti aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke AdhAra se avadhi jJAna rUpa hai, darzana rUpa hai athavA vibhaMga rUpa hai evaM ye paraspara tulya hai yA adhika hai, isakA vicAra kiyA jaaegaa| yaha varNana mAtra niyukti aura bhASya meM hI prApta hotA hai| 22 jJAna kA svarUpa maladhArI hemacandra ke anusAra 'tatra yo vastuno vizeSarUpagrAhakaH sa sAkAraH, sa ca jJAnamiSTaM samyagdRSTeH, mithyAdRSTastu sa eva vibhaMgajJAnam'423 arthAt jo vastu ke vizeSa rUpa ko grahaNa kare vaha sAkAra kahalAtA hai| sAkAra bodha jJAna rUpa hotA hai| sAkAra bodha samyagdRSTi meM avadhijJAna aura mithyAdRSTi meM vibhaMgajJAna ke rUpa meM hotA hai| darzana kA svarUpa maladhArI hemacandra ke anusAra 'yastu sAmAnyarUpagrAhakaH, ayamanAkAraH, viziSTakArAgrahaNAt sa ca darzanam'424 arthAt jo vastu ko sAmAnya rUpa se grahaNa karatA hai, vaha anAkAra bodha darzana kahalAtA hai| avadhi kA anAkAra bodha avadhidarzana kahalAtA hai| jJAna aura darzana kA bheda kyoM? jJAna-darzana kI prApti meM jJAnAvaraNIya-darzanAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama kI samAnatA rahatI hai, sAmAnyataH kSayopazama eka hI prakAra kA hai| kintu dravya meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa - donoM dharma hote haiM, isa dRSTi se kSayopazama ke do rUpa banate haiM - jJAna (sAkAra upayoga) aura darzana (anAkAra upayoga) 125 419. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 759 420. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 64, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 760-762 421. hAribhadrIya naMdIvRtti pR. 35, malayagiri naMdIvRtti pR. 99 422. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 65 vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 763-765423. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 763 kI bRhadvRtti 424. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 763 kI bRhadvRtti 425. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti pR. 109

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [373] avadhijJAna - jisa jJAna se rUpI dravyoM ko vizeSa rUpa se grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha avadhijJAna hai / avadhidarzana - jo rUpI dravyoM ko sAmAnya rUpa se grahaNa karatA hai, vaha avadhidarzana hai| viparIta tattvagrAhitA ke kAraNa mithyAdRSTi kA avadhijJAna vibhaMgajJAna vibhaMgajJAna kahalAtA hai 1426 - prastuta dvAra meM avadhijJAna, avadhidarzana tathA vibhaMgajJAna aura kucha AcAryoM ke mata se vibhaMgadarzana, ye svasthAna meM alaga-alaga aura eka dUsare kI apekSA parasthAna meM bhavanapati se lekara Upara ke navagraiveyaka vimAna meM rahe hue devoM taka, jo-jo jaghanya samAna sthiti vAle deva hote haiM unake avadhijJAna- darzana aura vibhaMgajJAna-darzana kSetrAdi viSaya kI apekSA paraspara tulya hote haiN| isI prakAra madhyama samAna sthiti vAloM ke jJAna aura darzana tathA utkRSTa samAna sthiti vAle devoM ke jJAna-darzana bhI usI pramANa se tulya haiN| yahA~ TIkAkAra ne kucha AcAryoM ke mata se vibhaMgadarzana kA ullekha kiyA hai, lekina yaha AgamAnusAra nahIM hai, kyoMki AgamoM meM cakSudarzana, acakSudarzana, avadhidarzana aura kevaladarzana ina cAra darzanoM kA hI ullekha prApta hotA hai| pAMcaveM vibhaMgadarzana kA nhiiN| anuttara vimAnavAsI devoM meM avadhijJAna aura avadhidarzana hotA hai, lekina vibhaMgajJAna rUpa avadhi nahIM hai| kyoMki vibhaMgajJAna to mithyAdRSTi ke hotA hai aura anuttaravimAna ke deva to ekAMta samyagdRSTi hote haiN| isalie unake vibhaMgajJAna nahIM hotA hai / anuttara vimAnavAsI devoM ke avadhijJAna kA kSetra aura kAla asaMkhyAta viSayavAlA tathA dravya aura bhAva se anaMta viSaya vAlA hotA hai| samAna sthiti vAle tiryaMca aura manuSya ke tIvra-maMdAdi kSayopazama kI vicitratA se kSetra, kAla saMbaMdhI viSaya meM bhI vicitratA hotI hai| vibhaMgajJAnI ke prakAra sthAnAMga sUtra (sthAna 7) ke anusAra vibhaMgajJAna arthAt mithyAtva yukta avadhijJAna sAta prakAra kA kahA gayA hai, yathA - 1. jaba mithyAtvI bAla tapasvI vibhaMgajJAna se pUrva, pazcima, dakSiNa, uttara athavA Upara saudharma devaloka taka dekhatA hai taba use aisA vicAra hotA hai ki mujhe atizaya yAnI viziSTa jJAna darzana utpanna huA hai| usa atizaya jJAna ke dvArA maiMne loka ko eka hI dizA meM dekhA hai| kitaneka zramaNa mAhana aisA kahate haiM ki pAMcoM dizAoM meM loka hai jo aisA kahate haiM ve mithyA kahate haiM / 2. jaba mithyAtvI bAla tapasvI vibhaMgajJAna se pUrva, pazcima, dakSiNa, uttara athavA Upara saudharma devaloka taka dekhatA hai taba use aisA durAgraha utpanna hotA hai ki mujhe atizaya - viziSTa jJAna darzana utpanna huA 1 hai / maiMne atizaya jJAna dvArA jAnA hai ki loka pAMca dizAoM meM hI hai / kitaneka zramaNa mAhana kahate haiM ki loka eka dizA meM bhI hai, ve mithyA kahate haiM / 3. jaba mithyAtvI bAla tapasvI vibhaMgajJAna se prANiyoM kI hiMsA karate hue, jhUTha bolate hue, corI karate hue, maithuna sevana karate hue, parigraha saJcita karate hue aura rAtribhojana karate hue jIvoM ko dekhatA hai, kintu kiye jAte hue pApa karma ko kahIM nahIM dekhatA hai taba use aisA durAgraha utpanna hotA hai ki mujhe atizaya - viziSTa jJAna darzana utpanna huA hai| maiMne usa viziSTa jJAna dvArA dekhA hai ki kriyA hI karma hai aura vahI jIva kA AvaraNa hai / kitaneka zramaNa mAhana aisA kahate haiM ki kriyA kA AvaraNa jIva hI hai| jo aisA kahate haiM ve mithyA kahate haiN| 4. jaba mithyAtvI bAla tapasvI vibhaMgajJAna se bAharI aura Abhyantara pudgaloM ko grahaNa karake phurittA phuTTittA unakA sparza, sphuraNa tathA sphoTana karake pRthak pRthak eka yA aneka rUpoM kA vaikriya karate hue devoM ko hI dekhatA hai taba usake mana meM yaha vicAra utpanna hotA hai ki mujhe atizaya jJAna darzana utpanna AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1 pR. 64 426. taM ceva ohiNANaM micchAdiTThissa vitahabhAvagAhittaNeNaM vibhaMgaNANaM bhaNNatti / -

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[374] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana huA hai / usake dvArA maiMne dekhA hai ki - jIva pudgala rUpa hI hai| kitaneka zramaNa mAhana aisA kahate haiM ki jIva pudgalarUpa nahIM hai ve mithyA kahate haiN| 5. jaba mithyAtvI bAla tapasvI vibhaMgajJAna se bAharI aura Abhyantara pudgaloM ko grahaNa kiye binA hI pRthak pRthak eka aura aneka rUpoM kA vaikriya karate hue devoM ko dekhatA hai| taba usake mana meM vicAra utpanna hotA hai ki mujhe atizaya jJAna darzana utpanna huA hai / usake dvArA maiMne dekhA hai ki - jIva pudgala rUpa nahIM hai| kitaneka zramaNa mAhana aisA kahate haiM ki jIva pudgala rUpa nahIM hai| ve mithyA kahate haiN| 6. jaba mithyAtvI bAla tapasvI vibhaMgajJAna se bAharI aura Abhyantara pudgaloM ko grahaNa karake athavA grahaNa kiye binA hI pRthak pRthak aneka yA aneka rUpoM kA vaikriya karate hue devoM ko dekhatA hai| taba usake mana meM aisA vicAra utpanna hotA hai ki mujhe atizaya jJAna darzana utpanna huA hai| usase maiMne dekhA hai ki jIva rUpI hai / kitaneka zramaNa mAhana aisA kahate haiM ki jIva arUpI hai| ve mithyA kahate haiN| 7. jaba mithyAtvI bAla tapasvI vibhaMgajJAna se sUkSma yAnI mandamanda vAyu se spRSTa kAMpate hue, vizeSa kAMpate hue, calate hue, kSubdha hote hue, spandana karate hue, dUsare padArtha ko sparza karate hue aura dUsare padArtha ko prerita karate hue tathA una una pariNAmoM ko prApta hote hue pudgaloM ko dekhatA hai, taba usake mana meM aisA vicAra utpanna hotA hai ki mujhe atizaya jJAna darzana utpanna huA hai| usake dvArA maiMne dekhA hai ki ye saba jIva haiN| kitaneka zramaNa mAhana aisA kahate haiM ki jIva bhI haiM aura ajIva bhI haiN| ve mithyA kahate haiN| usa vibhaGgajJAnI ko pRthvIkAya, apkAya, teukAya, vAyukAya ye cAra jIva nikAya samyak jJAta nahIM hote haiM arthAt vaha sirpha vanaspati kAya ko hI jIva mAnatA hai kintu pRthvIkAya Adi cAra kAya ko jIva nahIM mAnatA hai, isalie vaha ina cAra kAyoM kI hiMsA karatA hai| 12. deza dvAra aura avadhijJAna jinabhadragaNi ne isakA ullekha vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 766-771 taka kiyA hai| deza kA artha hotA hai - aNsh| isa dvAra ke antargata yaha vicAra kiyA jAegA ki avadhijJAna meM aMzata: jAnA jAtA hai yA srvtH| Avazyakaniyukti aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke mAdhyama se avadhijJAna ke abAhya aura bAhya kSetra kI prarUpaNA kI gaI hai|27 jaise dIpaka kA prakAza svayaM kI prabhAmaNDala ke bAhara nahIM hotA hai, vaise nArakI, deva aura tIrthaMkara ke avadhijJAna kI pravRtti prakAzita kSetra ke aMdara hI hotI hai, aisA avadhijJAna abAhya avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai| (gAthA ke pUrvArddha kA artha dUsare prakAra se bhI kiyA jAtA hai) nArakI, devatA aura tIrthaMkara niyama se avadhijJAna vAle hote haiM aura ve sabhI dizAoM aura vidizAoM meM dekhate haiM, lekina deza (aMza) se amuka dizA aura vidizA meM dekhate haiM aisA nahIM hai| tiryaMca aura manuSya avadhijJAnI hone para avadhikSetra ko deza (aMza) aura sarva rUpa se dekhate haiN|28 prazna - nArakI, devatA kA avadhijJAna AbhyaMtara avadhijJAna hai aura vaha usase sabhI dizA-vidizA meM jAnatA hai, yahA~ donoM kathana samAna haiM, phira donoM ko alaga-alaga kahane kA kyA kAraNa hai? uttara - vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI gAthA 749 meM spardhaka avadhijJAna aura asaMbaddha valayAkAra kSetra ko jAnane rUpa avadhijJAna rUpa do prakAra kA batAyA hai| isa prakAra ke avadhijJAna vAle sAdhu Adi avadhi kSetra ke aMdara rahate hue bhI spardhaka avadhi hone se (bIca-bIca meM nahIM dekhane se) sabhI dizA427. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 66 vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 766-771 428. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 766

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [3751 vidizA meM niraMtara nahIM dekha pAte haiN| ataH aise avadhijJAniyoM se bhinnatA batAne ke lie sabhI dizAvidizA meM dekhate haiM, aisA kahA hai| prazna - uparyukta avadhi abAhya avadhi nahIM hai to use yahA~ kahane kA kyA tAtparya hai? uttara - Agama meM bhI aisA abAhya avadhi nahIM batAyA hai, lekina loka prasiddha avadhijJAna se prakAzita kSetra ke madhya meM rahane se yaha bhI avadhijJAna hai| isa prakAra ke avadhijJAna se alaga batAne ke lie saba ora se dekhatA hai, aisA kahA hai| 29 nArakI Adi meM saba ora se dekhate haiM aisA kahane se nArakI Adi deza se dekhate haiM, yaha saMzaya dUra hotA hai| 'abAhya avadhivAlA' isa zabda se nArakI, deva aura tIrthaMkaroM kA niyata avadhijJAna kahA hai| zeSa manuSya aura tiryaMca avadhijJAna sahita bhI hote haiM aura rahita bhI tathA sarva zabda se sarva se aura deza se dekhane sambandhI saMzaya dUra hotA hai| manuSya aura tiryaMca kA avadhi niyata nahIM hotA hai, isalie avadhi se abAhya hai, aisA kahA hai|| zaMkA - nArakI aura devatA ke bhavapratyayika avadhijJAna hai:30 aura tIrthaMkara gRhastha avasthA meM bhI tIna jJAna sahita hote haiM,431 isa prakAra nArakI, deva aura tIrthaMkara meM niyama se avadhi siddha hotA hai| to nArakI Adi meM 'abAhya avadhi' hotA hai, aisA kahane kA kyA kAraNa hai? samAdhAna - 'bhavapratyayika' vacana se nArakI, devoM ke niyata avadhi siddha hotA hai| lekina isase yaha nahIM spaSTa nahIM hotA hai ki yaha avadhijJAna bhava ke aMta taka rahatA hai athavA kucha kAla (samaya) taka rahakara gira (naSTa ho) jAtA hai| isa kAraNa se 'abAhya avadhi' kahane se kAla kA niyama kiyA hai| arthAt nArakI Adi ke sarvakAla avadhi rahatA hai, bIca meM nahIM giratA hai| prazna - lekina uparyukta kathana tIrthaMkara meM ghaTita nahIM hogA, kyoMki unake kevalajJAna utpanna hote hI avadhijJAna kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| uttara - aisA kahanA ayukta hai, kyoMki kevalajJAna hote hI vaha apane viSaya ko sampUrNatA se jAnane lagatA hai| chadmasthatA meM to usake AvaraNa thA, lekina kevalajJAna utpanna hote hI usake sampUrNa AvaraNoM kA nAza ho jAtA hai| jisase vaha ananta dharmoM yukta vastuoM ko sampUrNatA se jAnatA hai| ataH kAla kA niyama chadmasthAvasthA kI apekSA kiyA gayA hai, kevalI kI apekSA se nhiiN| manuSya aura tiryaMca deza aura sarva se dekhate haiN| 32 eka kSetra, aneka kSetra avadhijJAna ye bheda SaTkhaNDAgama kI paraMparA meM hI prApta hote haiN| dhavalATIkA ke anusAra jo avadhijJAna jIva ke zarIra ke eka deza se hotA hai vaha ekakSetra avadhijJAna hai| jo avadhijJAna pratiniyata kSetra ke zarIra ke saba avayavoM meM rahatA hai vaha anekakSetra avadhijJAna hai|133 SaTkhaNDAgama meM kSetra kA artha zrIvatsa, kalaza, zaMkha Adi saMsthAna kiyA hai| akalaMka ne bhI aisA hI artha karate hue kahA hai ki jisa avadhi ke upayoga meM zrIvatsa Adi meM se eka upakaraNa hetubhUta hotA hai, vaha ekakSetra avadhijJAna hai| jaba aneka upakaraNa hetubhUta hote haiM to vaha anekakSetra avadhijJAna hotA hai| 34 dhavalATIkAkAra ke anusAra nAraka, deva aura tIrthaMkara kA avadhi anekakSetra hotA hai evaM 429. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 768 430. bhavapratyayo nAraka devaanaam| - tattvArthasUtra 1.22 431. tIhiM nANehiM samaggA titthayarA jAva hoMti gihvaase| 432. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 769-771 433. jassa ohiNANassa jIvasarIrassa ekadeso karaNaM hodi tamohiNANamegakkhettaM nnaam| jamohiNANaM paDiNiyadakhettaM vajjiya sarIrasavvAvayavesu vaTTadi tamaNeyakkhettaM nnaam| - SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA) pustaka 13, sU. 5.5.56, pR. 295 434. zrIvRkSasvastikanaMdyAvartAdyanyatamopayogopakAraNa ekakSetraH / tdnekopkrnnopyogo'nekkssetrH| - tattvArtharAjavArttika, sUtra 1.25

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[376] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana manuSya, tiryaMca kA avadhi ekakSetra aura aneka kSetra rUpa hotA hai| 35 uparyukta deza dvAra meM ullikhita deza kA artha jinabhadragaNi aura maladhArI hemacandrasUrI bAhyAvadhi karate haiN| jisakA ullekha dhavalATIkAkAra ne 'ekadeza' zabda se kiyA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM varNita ekakSetra aura anekakSetra avadhijJAnI kI tulanA aMtagata aura madhyagata se kI jA sakatI hai| 13. kSetra dvAra aura avadhijJAna kSetra dvAra ke mAdhyama se jinabhadragaNi ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 763-765 taka saMbaddha aura asaMbaddha avadhijJAna kA varNana karate hue unakA kSetra batAyA hai| jinabhadragaNi ke kathanAnusAra - kisI avadhijJAnI meM avadhijJAna pradIpa meM prabhA kI taraha saMbaddha hotA hai, vaha jJAnI apane avasthiti kSetra se nirantara draSTavya vastu ko jAna letA hai| jisa prakAra dUrI aura andhakAra ke kAraNa pradIpa kI prabhA vicchinna ho jAtI hai, vaise hI avadhijJAna avadhijJAnI meM asaMbaddha hotA hai| 36 maladhArI hemacandra ke anusAra jaise dIpaka meM prabhApaTala saMbaddha hotA hai vaise hI jisa jIva meM avadhijJAna hotA hai vaha saMbaddha avadhijJAna hotA hai arthAt jIvAdhiSThita kSetra se zurU hokara jitane kSetra kA avadhijJAna huA hai, vahA~ taka ke kSetra meM rahI huI dekhane yogya rUpI vastuoM ko vyavadhAna rahita dekhatA hai (prakAzita karatA hai) vaha saMbaddha avadhijJAna hai| dIpaka kI prabhA puruSa ke aMtara (bAdhA) se asaMbaddha hotI hai| vaise hI koI avadhijJAnI adhika aMdhakAra hone para usa kSetra kA ullaMghana karake dUra rahI hue bhIMta (dIvAra) Adi ko jAnatA aura dekhatA hai, use asaMbaddha avadhijJAna kahate haiN| saMbaddha aura asaMbaddha kA kSetra svAvagAr3ha kSetra meM saMlagna hone vAlA sambaddha hotA hai| dravya, kSetra, khaNDa-khaNDa ho yA pUrA saMlagna ho, kintu svayaM se saMlagna na ho vaha asambaddha hai| saMbaddha aura asaMbaddha donoM prakAra kA avadhijJAna kSetra kI dRSTi se saMkhyAta athavA asaMkhyAta yojana taka jAnatA hai| 7 puruSa Adi ke abAdhA (zarIra aura avadhijJAna se prakAzita kSetra ke bIca kA antara) kA deha pramANa bhI saMkhyAta yA asaMkhyAta yojana hai| yaha antara asaMbaddha avadhijJAna meM hI hotA hai, saMbaddha avadhijJAna meM nhiiN| avadhijJAna loka aura aloka meM bhI saMbaddha-asaMbaddha hotA hai| maladhArI hemacandra isako spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki kSetra se saMbaddha aura asaMbaddha avadhijJAna saMkhyAta athavA asaMkhyAta yojana taka kA hotA hai| asaMbaddha avadhijJAna meM puruSAdi aMtarAla rUpa bAdhA (zarIra aura avadhijJAna se prakAzita kSetra ke bIca kA antara) bhI saMkhyAta athavA asaMkhyAta yojana kI hotI hai| yaha jo aMtara hai, vaha asaMbaddha avadhijJAna meM hI ghaTita hotA hai| saMbaddha avadhijJAna meM nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki saMbaddha avadhi meM aMtara (bAdhA) nahIM hotA hai| avadhijJAnI kI deha se kSetra kA antara saMkhyAta athavA asaMkhyAta yojana kA hotA hai| puruSa aura abAdhA kI dRSTi se athavA isa asaMbaddha avadhijJAna meM aura aMtara (bAdhA) ke bIca meM cAra bhaMga ghaTita hote haiM - 1. saMkhyAta yojana kA aMtara aura saMkhyAta yojana kA avadhijJAna, 2. saMkhyAta yojana kA aMtara aura asaMkhyAta yojana kA avadhijJAna, 3. asaMkhyAta yojana kA aMtara aura saMkhyAta yojana kA avadhijJAna, 4. asaMkhyAta yojana kA aMtara aura asaMkhyAta yojana kA avadhijJAna 1438 435. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, pR. 295 436. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 773 437. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 67 438. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 774

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [377] ___ jo avadhi loka meM saMbaddha hai, vaha puruSa meM bhI saMbaddha hI hotA hai| lokAnta aura puruSa kI apekSA se athavA loka aura aloka ke madhya meM bhI avadhi saMbaddha hotA hai, usameM bhI cAra bhaMga ghaTita hote haiM - 1. jo loka pramANa avadhi hai, vaha puruSa se saMbaddha hai aura lokAMta se bhI saMbaddha hai, 2. jo loka dezavartI Abhyantara avadhijJAna hai, vaha puruSa se saMbaddha hai lekina lokAMta se saMbaddha nahIM hai, 3. jo lokAMta se saMbaddha aura puruSa se asaMbaddha hotA hai, yaha bhaMga sambhavita nahIM hai, kyoMki jo avadhi lokAMta se saMbaddha hotA hai vaha puruSa meM avazya saMbaddha hotA hai, asaMbaddha nahIM hotA hai| isalie yaha bhaMga saMbhava nahIM hai| 4. bAhya avadhi lokAMta aura puruSa donoM se asaMbaddha hai aura jo avadhi aloka se saMbaddha hai vaha avadhi puruSa meM sabaMddha hotA hI hai| isa bhaMga kA bhI abhAva hotA hai| asambaddha meM saMkhyAta yA asaMkhyAta yojanoM kA antara bhI ho sakatA hai| lokapramANa avadhijJAna meM sambaddha, asambaddha donoM prakAra ho sakate haiM, kintu loka se adhika avadhijJAna meM asambaddha hI hotA hai| 39 asambaddha aura spardhaka avadhi meM antara hai asambaddha meM to apane pAsa vAlA kSetra nahIM dekhatA hai| spardhaka avadhi meM apane pAsa vAlA kSetra dekha sakatA hai| spardhaka avadhi kA artha bIca-bIca meM kSetra nahIM dekhatA hai| 1. nAraka, deva aura tIrthaMkara ko niyama se sambaddha avadhi hI hotA hai| nAraka devoM ke kahIM para bhI asambaddha aura spardhaka avadhi nahIM mAnA hai| 2. AnugAmika sAtha meM gamana karane vAlA 3. abAhya - janma se hI hone vaalaa| tiryaMca to bAhya avadhijJAna vAle hI hote haiM kyoMki unheM janma se nahIM hotA hai| spardhaka avadhi mAtra manuSya aura tiryaMca meM hI hotA hai| 14. gati Adi dvAroM ke antargata avadhijJAna isa dvAra kA nAma yadyapi gati hai, jisake antargata naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya evaM devagati kA antarbhAva hotA hai, kintu isa dvAra meM 20 dvAroM kA samAveza hotA hai, jinako Avazyakaniyukti aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya'40 meM nimna prakAra se kahA hai - gati, indriya, kAya, yoga, veda, kaSAya, lezyA, samyaktva, jJAna, darzana, saMyama, upayoga, AhAra, bhASaka, pratyeka, paryApta, sUkSma, saMjJI, bhavya aura carima ina dvAroM pUrvapratipanna (bhUtakAla kA jJAna) aura pratipadyamAna (vartamAna ke eka samaya kA jJAna) kI apekSA varNana kiyA hai| uparyukta gati Adi dvAroM kA vistAra se varNana pUrva meM matijJAna'47 ke prasaMga kiyA gayA hai| usI prakAra yahA~ avadhijJAna meM bhI samajhanA caahie| lekina matijJAna se avadhijJAna meM jo viSeSatAeM haiM, unakA ullekha jinabhadragaNi ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 776-778 taka kiyA hai| jo nimna prakAra se haiM - jo jIva matijJAna ke adhikArI hote haiM, ve avadhijJAna ke bhI adhikArI hote haiM aura unake alAvA anya jIva bhI avadhijJAna ke adhikArI (svAmI) haiN| jaiseki aupazamika aura kSAyikazreNI kI avasthA meM avedaka aura akaSAyI ko avadhijJAna prApta hotA hai, ye matijJAna se atirikta sthAna hai| jinako avadhijJAna nahIM hotA hai, una mati-zrutajJAnI aura cAritra vAle jIvoM ko avadhijJAna nahIM huA hai, unako pahale manaHparyavajJAna utpanna hotA hai| una mana:paryavajJAniyoM meM se bhI kisI ko bAda meM 439. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 772 440. gai iMdie ya kAya joe vee kasAya lesA y|| sammatta-NANa-dasaNa-saMjamamuvayoga-mAhAre / bhAsaga-paritta-pajjatta-suhuma-saNNI ya bhavva carime y|| puvva paDivannae yA paDivajjate ya mggnnyaa| __ - Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 14-15, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 409-410 441, draSTavya - satpadaparUpaNAdi nau anuyoga dvArA matijJAna kI prarUpaNA, pR. 199-205

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[378] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai, kisI ko nhiiN| isa prakAra matijJAna se avadhijJAna ke tIna sthAna adhika hai - avedaka, akaSAyI, mana:paryavajJAna ke pazcAt / 142 anAhAraka aura aparyApta jIvoM meM pUrvapratipannaka kI apekSA matijJAna hotA hai| lekina pratipadyamAna kI apekSA nhiiN| lekina apratipAtI samyagdRSTi tiryaMca aura manuSya jaba deva aura nArakI meM utpanna hote haiM to ve avadhijJAna kI apekSA pratipadyamAna bhI hote haiM, yaha avadhijJAna kA viziSTa sthAna hai| kahA bhI hai - 'sammA sura-neraiyaNA'NAhArA je ya hoti pajjatta tti' pUrvapratipanna matijJAna ke samAna hai| isa prakAra matijJAna kA jo pUrvapratipanna kahA hai vaise hI avadhijJAna meM bhI pUrvapratipanna jAnanA caahie| lekina vikalendriya aura asaMjJI paMcendriya isa niyama ke apavAda haiM, kyoMki ve matijJAna ke pUrvapratipanna hai kintu avadhijJAna ke na to pUrvapratipanna hai aura na hI pratipadyamAna hai| 43 15. Rddhi (labdhi) dvAra evaM avadhijJAna avadhijJAna ke varNana meM antima labdhi arthAt Rddhi dvAra kA prasaMgAnusAra yahA~ varNana kiyA jAtA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne isakA ullekha vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 779 se 804 taka kiyA hai| labdhi kA artha maladhArI hemacandra ke anusAra - labdhi kA artha hai ve atizaya, jo karmoM ke kSaya yA kSayopazama Adi se utpanna hote haiM, ve aparimita haiN| unakI gaNanA saMbhava nahIM hai|44 malayagiri ne kahA hai ki abhyAsa se prApta yA guNahetuka zakti vizeSa ko labdhi kahate haiN| 45 zubha adhyavasAya tathA utkRSTatara saMyama ke AcaraNa se tat-tatkarma kA kSaya aura kSayopazama hokara AtmA meM jo vizeSa zakti utpanna hotI hai, use labdhi kahate haiN| 146 mukhya rUpa se labdhiyAM 28 haiM, inake atirikta jIvoM ke zubha-zubhatara pariNAma vizeSa ke dvArA athavA asAdhAraNa tapa ke prabhAva se anekavidha labdhiyA~ / RddhiyAM vizeSa jIvoM ko prApta hotI haiN|47 labdhi kA adhikaarii| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM isa sambandha meM vizeSa ullekha nahIM huA hai, lekina malayagiri ne naMdIvRtti meM isa prakAra kA ullekha kiyA hai - jo uttarottara apUrva-apUrva artha ke pratipAdaka viziSTa zruta kA avagAhana karate haiM aura zruta ke sAmarthya se tIvra-tIvratara zubha bhAvanA kA ArohaNa karate haiM, unheM avadhijJAna, mana:paryavajJAna, koSThAdi buddhi, cAraNalabdhi, vaikriyalabdhi, sauSadhilabdhi Adi labdhiyA~ apramattatA ke guNa se prApta hotI haiM tathA mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika bala bhI prAdurbhUta hote haiN| 448 sabhI labdhiyA~ sAkAropayoga (jJAnopayoga) meM hI prApta hotI haiN|149 vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM varNita labdhiyA~ 1. AmarSa auSadhi 2. vipuDauSadhi 3. zleSmauSadhi 4. malauSadhi 5. saMbhinnazrotA 6. Rjumati 7. sauSadhi 8. cAraNavidyA 9. AzIviSa 10. kevalI 11. mana:paryavajJAnI 12. pUrvadhara 13. arhanta 14. cakravartI 15. baladeva aura 16. vAsudeva / 50 avadhijJAna ko milAkara labdhiyoM kI saMkhyA sataraha hotI hai| 443. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 778 444. labdhiriti yaH atizayaH, sa tAvallabdhirahitasAmAnyajIvebhyo vizeSa uccte| te ca vizeSAH karmakSaya kSayopazamAdivaicitryAjjIvAnAmaparimitA: sNkhyaatumshkyaaH| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya bRhadvRtti, pR. 328 445. guNapratyayo hi sAmarthyavizeSo lbdhiH| -malayagiri, AvazyakavRtti, pR. 79 446. jaina siddhAnta bola saMgraha bhAga 6, pR. 288 447. pravacana sAroddhAra bhAga 2, pR. 410 448. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 106 449. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3089 450. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 779 se 793

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [379] Avazyakaniyukti 51 meM sIdhA sataraha labdhiyoM kA varNana hai| bhASyakAra ne avadhijJAna kA vistRta varNana karane ke bAda meM zeSa 16 labdhiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, ataH bhASyakAra ke anusAra bhI labdhiyoM kI saMkhyA sataraha hI hai| 1. AmarSa auSadhi - AmarSa arthAt sprsh| hastAdi ke sparzamAtra se hI kisI bhI roga se pIDita rogI ke roga ko dUra karane meM samartha labdhi AmarSa auSadhi kahalAtI hai| yahA~ labdhi aura labdhimAna kA abheda upacAra karane se labdhimAn sAdhu hI AmarSa auSadhi kahalAtA hai| yaha AmarSa auSadhilabdhi zarIra ke kisI eka bhAga athavA pUre zarIra meM utpanna ho sakatI hai| dhavalA ke anusAra tapa ke prabhAva se jinakA sparza samasta auSadhi ke svarUpa ko prApta ho gayA hai, aisI labdhi AmarSa auSadhi hotI hai| 52 2. vipuDauSadhi - mUtra va purISa (viSThA) ke avayava vipuD kahalAte haiN| ye donoM avayava jisake auSadhipane ko prApta hote haiM, vaha vipuDauSadhi vAlA kahalAtA hai| bhASya kI gAthA meM 'mutta-purIsANa vipuso vippo' pATha hai, jabaki pravacanasAroddhAra kI gAthA 1496 meM 'muttapurIsANaM vippuso vAvi (vayavA)' pATha hai to sAdhvI hemaprabhAzrI453 kA kahanA hai ki 'vippuso vA'vi' aisA pATha anyatra kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hone se upekSita hai| yadi isa pATha ko svIkAra kiyA jAe to 'vipuD' kA artha mUtra-purISa anyatra ke hI avyv| kyoMki 'vA'vi' meM 'vA' zabda samuccayArtha hai| 'api' zabda evakArArtha hai tathA krama kI bhinnatA kA sUcaka hai| kisI kA kathana hai ki 'viD' kA artha viSThA aura 'patti' jisake prazravaNa (mUtra-pezAba) hotA hai| jisa labdhi ke prabhAva se mUtra-purISa ke avayava sugandhita tathA sva-para kA roga zamana karane meM samartha hote haiM, vaha vipuDauSadhi labdhi hai| dhavalA TIkA meM bhI aisA hI varNana prApta hotA hai| 54 / 3. zleSmauSadhi - jisa ke prabhAva se zleSma (kapha) bahuta suvAsita hotA hai aura svayaM athavA dUsare ke rogoM ko dUra karane meM upayogI hotA hai, vaha zleSmauSadhi labdhi kahalAtI hai| 4. malauSadhi - jisa labdhi se kAna, nAka, AMkha, jIbha evaM zarIra kA maila bahuta suvAsita hotA hai aura svayaM athavA dUsare ke rogoM ko dUra karane meM upayogI hotA hai, vaha malauSadhi labdhi kahalAtI hai| 5. saMbhinnazrotA - jisa Rddhi se zarIra ke sabhI bhAgoM se suna sake arthAt jisake prabhAva se zarIra ke sabhI pradezoM meM zravaNa-zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai, vaha saMbhinna zrotAlabdhi kahalAtI hai athavA pAMca indriyoM meM se kisI bhI eka indriya se bAkI sabhI indriyoM ke viSaya ko jAna sakatA hai to vaha saMbhinnazrotA kahalAtA hai athavA zrotrendriya hI cakSuindriya kA kArya karane vAlI hone se cakSurUpapane ko prApta karane vAlI aura cakSu indriya, zrotrendriya kA kArya karane vAlI hone se zrotrarUpa pravRti ko prApta karatI hai, isI prakAra sabhI indriyA~ paraspara eka rUpatA ko prApta karatI hoM to vaha saMbhinnazrotA kahalAtA hai| aisI labdhi vAlA hI bAraha yojana paryanta vistAra rUpa aura eka sAtha bolane vAlI cakravartI kI senA ke zabdoM ko sunatA hai| cakravartI kI senA ke dvArA eka sAtha vAdyamAna anake vAdyayaMtroM kI AvAja ko sunakara pratyeka vAdyayaMtra ke lakSaNa aura bheda se svaroM ko jo alagaalaga jAnale aura bhinna-bhinna manuSyoM dvArA bajAye gaye zaMkha, bherI Adi ke bahuta se zabda ko jo eka sAtha suna le, ve bhI saMbhinnazrotA kahalAte haiN| 451. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 68-70 452. SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 1, pR. 96 453. pravacana sAroddhAra bhAga 2, pR. 410-411 454. SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 1, pR. 96

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[380] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 6. Rjumati - yaha mana:paryavajJAna kA bheda hai| mana:paryavajJAna ke do bheda haiM - 1. Rjumati 2. vipulmti| manogata bhAva ko sAmAnya rUpa se grahaNa karane vAlI buddhi Rjumati hai arthAt ghaTa-paTAdi ke vicAra ko sAmAnya mAtra grahaNa karane vAlI mati Rjumati labdhi hai| jaise kisI vyakti ne ghar3e kA vicAra kiyA hai| to Rjumati mana:paryavI itanA jAna sakatA hai ki amuka vyakti ghaDe kA vicAra kara rahA hai| vizeSa kucha bhI nahIM jAna sakatA arthAt vaha ghar3A kahA~ kA hai? kaunase dravya kA hai? kaunase raMga kA hai? isa jJAna kI viSaya sImA r3hAI aMgula nyUna r3hAI dvIpa meM rahe hue saMjJI paMcendriya ke manobhAva hai| vipulamati vastugata vizeSa dharmoM ko jAnatA hai arthAt ghar3e ko jAnane ke sAtha-sAtha usakI paryAyoM ko bhI jAnatA hai ki yaha ghaDA rajata kA banA huA hai, isakA raMga zveta hai, ityaadi| Rjumati labdhi vipulamati kI apekSA se kucha nyUna vizuddhatAvAlI hai| yaha donoM manaHparyavajJAna ke hI bheda haiN| 7. sarva auSadhi - jisa labdhi ke prabhAva se vyakti ke mala, mUtra, zleSma, nAka, kAna, bAla, nakha Adi sabhI avayava suvAsita aura roga dUra karane meM samartha hote haiM vaha sarva auSadhi labdhi hai| athavA eka hI sAdhu ke AmarSa auSadhi Adi sabhI labdhiyA~ hotI haiM to vaha sarva auSadhilabdhi vAlA kahalAtA hai| 8. cAraNavidyA - atizaya sahita gamanAgamanarUpa labdhi yukta jo hotA hai vaha cAraNa labdhimAn kahalAtA hai| vaha do prakAra kA hotA hai - 1. vidyAcAraNa aura 2. jNghaacaarnn| jaMghAcAraNa labdhi viziSTa cAritra aura tapa ke prabhAva se prApta hotI hai aura vidyAcAraNa labdhi vidyA ke vaza se hotI hai| jaMghAcAraNa labdhi sampanna munivaroM ko vizeSa jijJAsA se jaba kahIM yathAzIghra jAnA hotA hai taba usa labdhi kA upayoga karate haiN| ve apanI labdhi se rucakavara dvIpa taka hI jA sakate haiM aura vidyAcAraNa labdhivAle muni adhika se adhika naMdIzvara dvIpa paryanta hI jA sakate haiN| (a) vidyAcAraNa - jo muni kisI vivakSita Agama rUpa vidyA kI mukhyatA se gamanAgamana karatA hai, vaha vidyAcAraNa kahalAtA hai| yaha labdhi jisane pUrvo kA vidhivat adhyayana kiyA ho tathA yathAvidhi atizaya pUrvaka nirantara bele (chaTTha) kA tapa kiyA ho usako utpanna hotI hai| __vidyAcAraNamuni kI gati ko udAharaNa se samajhAyA hai ki jaise koI mahARddhi vAlA deva tIna cuTakI bajAe itane samaya meM isa jambUdvIpa ke tIna bAra cakkara lagA kara A jAe, aisI zIghra gati vidyAcAraNa muni kI hotI hai| isa labdhi se labdhimAn huA muni eka kadama meM mAnuSottara parvata para jAkara vahA~ ke caityoM (jJAniyoM) ko vaMdanA karatA hai| vahAM se dUsare kadama meM naMdIzvara nAmaka AThaveM dvIpa para jAkara vahA~ ke caityoM ko vaMdanA karatA hai| phira vahA~ se tIsare kadama meM jahA~ se gayA thA vahA~ Akara yahA~ rahe hue caityoM ko vaMdanA karatA hai| isa prakAra yaha tiryak dizA meM gamanAgamana hotA hai| isI prakAra Urdhva dizA meM vaha gamana kare to yahA~ se eka kadama meM nandanavana meM jAkara vahA~ ke caityoM ko vaMdanA karatA hai, vahA~ se dUsare kadama meM meruparvata ke Upara jAkara vahA~ ke caityoM ko vaMdanA karatA hai, phira tIsare kadama meM jahA~ se gayA usa sthAna para punaH Akara vahAM ke caityoM ko vaMdanA karatA hai| (ba) jaMghAcAraNa - makar3I ke jAla athavA sUrya kI kiraNoM kI madada se donoM jaMghAoM se AkAza mArga meM calatA hai, use jaMghAcAraNa kahate haiN| yaha labdhi yathAvidhi nirantara tele (aThama) kI tapasyA karane para utpanna hotI hai| jaMghAcAraNamuni kI gati ko udAharaNa se samajhAyA hai jaise ki koI mahARddhi vAlA deva tIna cuTakI bajAe itane samaya meM isa jambUdvIpa ke ikkIsa bAra cakkara lagA kara A jAe, aisI zIghra gati jaMghAcAraNa muni kI hotI hai| arthAt vidyAcAraNa kI apekSA se jaMghAcAraNa kI gati sAta guNA adhika hotI hai|

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [381] isa labdhi se labdhimAn muni eka kadama meM yahA~ se terahaveM rucakavaradvIpa meM jAkara vahAM ke caityoM ko vaMdanA karatA hai, vahAM se pIche phirate hue dUsare kadama meM naMdIzvara dvIpa meM jAkara vahA~ ke caityoM ko vaMdanA karatA hai, vahA~ se tIsare kadama meM jahA~ se gayA vahA~ punaH Akara yahA~ ke caityoM ko vaMdanA karatA hai| isI prakAra yaha tiryak dizA meM gamanAgamana karatA hai| yadi UrdhvadizA meM gamana kare to yahA~ se eka kadama meM paMDaka vana meM jAkara vahA~ ke caityoM ko vaMdana karatA hai, vahAM se dUsare kadama meM naMdanavana meM jAkara vahA~ ke caityoM ko vaMdanA karatA hai aura tIsare kadama meM jahA~ se gayA vahA~ Akara yahA~ ke caityoM ko vaMdanA karatA hai| uparyukta varNana meM caitya56 kI vaMdanA karatA hai aura yahA~ kucha AcArya caitya kA artha mandira karate haiM, to yaha artha saMgata nahIM hai, "kyoMki na to mAnuSottaraparvata para mandira kA varNana hai aura na hI svasthAna arthAt jahA~ se unhoMne utpAda (ur3Ana) kiyA hai, vahA~ bhI mandira hai| ata: caitya kA artha mandira yA mUrti karanA saMgata pratIta nahIM hotA hai| apitu 'citi saMjJAne' dhAtu se niSpanna 'caitya' zabda kA artha - viziSTa samyakjJAnI hai tathA 'vaMdai' kA artha stuti karanA hai, abhivAdana karanA hai, kyoMki 'vadi abhivAdana-stutyoH' ke anusAra yahA~ prasaMgasaMgata artha 'stuti karanA' hai| kyoMki mAnuSottara parvata Adi para abhivAdana karane yogya koI puruSa nahIM rahatA hai| ataH ve una-una parvata, dvIpa evaM vanoM meM zIghragati se pahu~cate haiM, vahA~ caityavandana karate haiM arthAt viziSTa samyagjJAniyoM kI stuti karate haiN| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki mAnuSottara parvata, nandIzvara dvIpa Adi kI racanA kA varNana jaisA una viziSTa jJAniyoM se yA AgamoM se jAnA thA, vaisI hI racanA ko sAkSAt dekhate haiM, taba ve (cAraNalabdhidhAraka) una viziSTa jJAniyoM kI stuti karate haiN|"1457 jaMghAcAraNa labdhi cAritra aura tapa ke prabhAva se hotI hai| isa labdhi kA prayoga karate hue muni kI utsukatA hone se pramAda saMbhava hai aura isaliye yaha labdhi zakti kI apekSA hIna ho jAtI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki usake lie Ate samaya do utpAta karanA kahA hai| vidyAcAraNa labdhi vidyA ke vaza hotI hai, cUMki vidyA kA parizIlana hone se vaha adhika spaSTa hotI hai, isaliye vaha labdhi vAlA jAte samaya do utpAda karake jAtA hai, kintu eka hI utpAta se punaH apane sthAna para A jAtA hai| 58 dhavalA TIkA meM cAraNa Rddhi dhAraka ke ATha prakAra batAye haiM, yathA - jala, jaMghA, tantu, phala, puSpa, bIja, AkAza aura shrennii| jaise jo RSi jalakAyika jIvoM ko pIr3A nahIM pahu~cAte hue jala ko nahIM chUte hue icchAnusAra bhUmi ke samAna jala meM gamana karane meM samartha haiM, ve jalacAraNa kahalAte haiN| zeSa jaMghA Adi kA bhI lagabhaga aisA hI artha jAnanA caahie|59 9. AzIviSa - AzI (dAr3ha) aura viSa (jahara) arthAt jisakI dAr3ha meM viSa hotA hai, vaha AzIviSa kahalAtA hai| vaha do prakAra kA hotA hai - 1. jAtiviSa aura 2. krmviss| jAti se AzIviSa bicchu, meMDhaka, sarpa aura manuSya kI jAtiyA~ hai| ye anukrama se adhikaadhika viSa vAle haiN| kyoMki bicchu ke viSa kA prabhAva bar3hate-bar3hate Adhe bharata kSetra pramANa zarIra meM vyApta ho sakatA hai| meMDhaka kA viSa pUre bharata kSetra pramANa zarIra meM vyApta ho sakatA hai| sarpa kA viSa 455. inakA vistRta varNana yuvAcArya madhukaramuni bhagavatI sUtra (bhAga 4) zataka 20 uddezaka 9 ke pR. 66-71 para dekheN| 456. caitya zabda anekArthavAcI hai| suprasiddha jainAcArya pUjya zrI jayamalajI ma.sA. ne caitya zabda ke 112 arthoM kI gaveSaNA kI hai| jinakA ullekha Agama prakAzana samiti byAvara dvArA prakAzita aupapAtika sUtra (pR0 6-7) meM hai| 457. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, bhagavatI sUtra (bhAga 4) zataka 20, uddezaka 9, pR. 69 458, jaina siddhAnta bola saMgraha bhAga 6, pR. 292-293 459. SaTkha NDAgama, pu. 9,4.1.17 pR. 78-79

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[382] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jambUdvIpa pramANa zarIra meM vyApa ho sakatA hai aura manuSya kA viSa DhAI dvIpa pramANa zarIra meM vyApta ho sakatA hai| ye sabhI bheda jAti se AzIviSa kahalAte haiN| tapa anuSThAna evaM anya guNoM se jo AzIviSa kI kriyA kara sakate haiM arthAt zApAdi se dUsaroM ko mAra sakate haiM, ve karma AzIviSa haiN| unakI yaha labdhi AzIviSa labdhi kahalAtI hai| jIva labdhi tapa-cAritra Adi anuSThAna athavA dUsare guNa se bicchu, sarpa Adi se jo kArya sAdhya hote haiM, unako karatA hai| jaiseki zApa dekara dUsare ko mAra sakate haiN| yaha labdhi tiryaMca paMcendriya, manuSya meM hotI hai| jina manuSya ko pUrva bhava meM aisI labdhi hai aura ve AyuSya pUrNa hone para sahasrAra devaloka taka ke devapane meM utpana hote haiM, to unake aparyApta avasthA meM pUrva bhava kI zakti rahatI hai arthAt jaba taka ve deva paryApta nahIM hote, vahA~ taka yaha labdhi unameM hotI hai| isalie sahasrAra devaloka taka ke aparyApta deva ko karma se AzIviSa kahA hai| paryApta deva bhI zApAdi se dUsare kA nAza kara sakate haiM, to usa samaya unake AzIviSa labdhi hai, aisA nahIM mAnanA, kyoMki ve aisA devabhava ke sAmarthya se karate haiM, yaha sabhI devoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| dhavalA ke anusAra avidyamAna artha kI icchA kA nAma AziS hai, AziS hI viSa hai jisase ve AzIviSa kahe jAte haiN| udAharaNa ke lie 'mara jAo' isa prakAra nikalA huA vacana vyakti ko mAratA hai, 'bhikSA ke lie bhramaNa karo' aisA vacana bhikSArtha bhramaNa karAtA hai ityAdi / 60 10. kevalI - cAra ghAti karmoM (jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya) kA kSaya hone se kevalajJAna rUpa labdhi prApta hotI hai| isa labdhi se yukta jJAnIjana trikAlavartI sabhI rUpI aura arUpI padArthoM ko hastAmalakavat spaSTa jAnate aura dekhate haiN| 11. mana:paryavajJAnI - isameM vipulamati rUpa manaHparyavajJAnI kA grahaNa hotA hai, kyoMki Rjumati labdhi alaga se dI gaI hai| bahuta se vizeSoM se yukta vastu kA vicAra grahaNa kare vaha vipulamati athavA saikar3oM paryAya sahita cintanIya ghaTAdi vastuvizeSa kA vicAra grahaNa karane vAlI mati vipulamati mana:paryavajJAna hai| prazna - sAmAnya se eka mana:paryavajJAna hI yahA~ kahA hotA to bhI calatA, usI meM Rjumati aura vipulamati kA saMgraha ho jAtA hai| phira donoM kA alaga-alaga sthAnoM para kathana kyoM kiyA gayA hai? uttara - yaha zaMkA sahI hai, atizaya jJAniyoM ne jJAna meM dekhakara vicitra kAraNa se sUtra kI racanA kI hai, RjumatijJAna Akara calA jAtA hai to vipulamati nahIM jAtA hai, yahI donoM meM bheda hai| kevalajJAna ke bAda vipulamati kahane kA kAraNa bhI yaha saMbhava ho sakatA hai ki vipulamati vAle ko avazya hI kevalajJAna hotA hai| yaha mata TIkAkAroM kA hai, lekina AgamAnusAra vipulamati ke bAda usI bhava meM kevalajJAna ho yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| kevalI mana:paryavajJAnI aura pUrvadharoM kI Rddhi prasiddha hI hai| 12. pUrvadhara - tIrthaMkara paramAtmA tIrtha kI Adi karate samaya dvAdazAMgI kA mUla AdhArabhUta jo sarvaprathama upadeza gaNadharoM ko dete haiM, vaha pUrva kahalAtA hai| gaNadhara usa upadeza ko sUtra rUpa meM graMthita karate haiN| pUrva caudaha hote haiM, jinheM dasa se caudaha pUrva kA jJAna hotA hai, ve pUrvadhara kahalAte haiN| jisa labdhi ke prabhAva se pUrvo kA jJAna prApta hotA hai, vaha pUrvadharalabdhi kahalAtI hai| 13. arhanta - azokavRkSAdi ATha mahAprAtihAryoM se yukta aura indrAdi ke bhI jo pUjya hote haiM, ve kevalI arhanta (tIrthaMkara) kahalAte haiN| jisa labdhi ke prabhAva se arhanta kI padavI prApta ho vaha arhanta labdhi kahalAtI hai| 460. SaTakhaNDAgama pu. 9, pR. 95

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [383] 14. cakravartI - jo caudaha ratna aura chaH khaNDa ke svAmI hote haiM, ve cakravartI kahalAte haiN| jisa labdhi se cakravartI pada kI prApti hotI hai, vaha cakravartI labdhi kahalAtI hai| 15. baladeva - isa labdhi se baladeva pada kI prApti hotI hai| baladeva vAsudeva ke bar3e bhAI hote haiN| 16. vAsudeva - jo sAta ratna aura tIna khaNDa ke adhipati hote haiM, ve vAsudeva kahalAte haiN| jisa labdhi se vAsudeva pada kI prApti hotI hai, vaha vAsudeva labdhi kahalAtI hai|61 vIryAntarAya ke kSayopazama se vAsudeva kA bala atizaya hotA hai| jaise ki kueM ke taTa para baiThe hue vAsudeva ko sAMkala se bAMdhakara solaha hajAra rAjA sahita hAthI, azva, ratha, paidala sainika rUpa caturaMgiNI senA khIMce to bhI nahIM khIMca pAte haiM aura vAsudeva sIdhe hAtha se bhojana yA vilepana karatA huA ulTe hAtha se sAMkala ko apanI ora AsAnI se khIMca letA hai| cakravartI bhI bala ke viSaya meM vAsudeva ke samAna hI hote haiM, lekina yahA~ solaha hajAra ke sthAna para battIsa hajAra rAjA lenA caahie| kyoMki vAsudeva ke bala se cakravartI kA bala dugunA hotA hai| sAmAnya logoM se baladeva kA bala bhI bahuta adhika hotA hai aura jinezvaroM kA bala to aparimita hotA hai| 62 labdhi aura audayika Adi bhAva uparyukta labdhiyoM ke alAvA bhI dUsarI anya labdhiyA~ jIvoM ke zubha zubhatara-zubhatama pariNAmoM ke vaza utpanna hotI haiN| unake mukhya bheda cAra aura avAntara bheda aneka haiN| 1. karmoM ke udaya se prApta - vaikriyanAmakarma ke udaya se vaikriyalabdhi aura AhArakanAmakarma ke udaya se AhAraka labdhi prApta hotI hai| isa prakAra aura bhI labdhiyA~ haiM jo karmoM ke udaya se prApta hotI haiN| 2. karmoM ke kSaya se prApta - darzanamohanIya Adi karma ke kSaya se kSAyika samakita, kSINa mohapanA aura siddhatva Adi labdhiyA~ hotI haiN| 3. karmoM ke kSayopazama se prApta - dAnAntarAya, lAbhAntarAya Adi karma ke kSayopazama se akSINamahAnasI Adi labdhi hotI hai| 4. karmoM ke upazama se prApta - darzanamohanIya Adi karmoM ke upazama se aupazamasamakita aura upAzAMtamoha Adi bhI labdhiyAM hotI haiN|63 vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM varNita labdhiyoM ke atirikta labdhiyA~ vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke alAvA anya Agama-graMthoM meM aneka labdhiyoM ke nAma Aye haiM, kintu una sabake nAma eka hI jagaha nahIM Aye haiN| pravacanasAroddhAra dvAra 270 meM gAthA 1492 se 1508 taka 28 labdhiyoM ke nAma, artha Adi kA vizeSa vivecana prApta hotA hai| ve isa prakAra haiM - 1. Ama|Sadhi labdhi 2. vipuDauSadhi 3. khelauSadhi 4. jallauSadhi 5. sarvoSadhi 6. saMbhinnazrota labdhi 7. avadhilabdhi 8. Rjumati labdhi 9. vipula mati labdhi 10. cAraNa labdhi 11. AzIviSa labdhi 12. kevalI labdhi 13. gaNadhara labdhi 14. pUrvadhara labdhi 15. arihaMta (tIrthaMkara) labdhi 16. cakravartI labdhi 17. baladeva labdhi 18. vAsudeva labdhi 19. kSIramadhusarpirAzrava labdhi 20. koSThaka buddhi labdhi 21. padAnusArI labdhi 22. bIjabuddhi labdhi 23. tejo lezyA labdhi 14 AhAraka labdhi 25. zItalezyA labdhi 26. vaikurvika deha labdhi 27. akSINamahAnasI labdhi 28. pulAka lbdhi| 461. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 779-793 462. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 794-798 463. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 801

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vi [384] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana upuryakta 28 labdhiyoM meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra upuryakta jo varNana kiyA gayA hai, unameM se jinabhadragaNi ne solaha labdhiyoM kA to spaSTa rUpa se ullekha kiyA hai, evaM 17-24 kA kisI na kisI rUpa meM bhASya meM nAmollekha kiyA hai, yathA - 1. AmarSa auSadhi 2. vipuDauSadhi 3. zleSmauSadhi 4. malauSadhi 5. saMbhinnazrota labdhi 6. Rjumati labdhi 7. sauSadhi labdhi 8. cAraNa labdhi 9. AzIviSa labdhi 10. kevalI labdhi 11. mana:paryavajJAnI (vipulamati) labdhi 12. pUrvadhara 13. arhanta 14. cakravartI 15. baladeva 16. vAsudeva 17. kSIramadhusarpirAzrava labdhi 18. akSINamahAnasI labdhi 19. koSThakabuddhi labdhi 20. padAnusArI labdhi 21. bIjabuddhi labdhi 22. avadhilabdhi 23. AhAraka labdhi 24. vaikriya labdhi / zeSa cAra labdhiyoM kA varNana vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM prApta nahIM hotA hai, ve haiM - 25. gaNadhara labdhi 26. tejo lezyA labdhi 27. zItalezyA labdhi 28. pulAka lbdhi| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM spaSTa rUpa se ullikhita labdhiyoM ke alAvA zeSa labdhiyoM kA svarUpa nimna prakAra se hai - 17. kSIramadhusarpirAzrava labdhi - jina sAdhu ke pAtra meM AyA huA lukhA aura sUkhA AhAra bhI dUdha, ghI, zahada Adi kI taraha svAdiSTa lage aura zarIra meM usakI pariNati dUdhAdi kI taraha puSTikAraka hotI hai, vaha kSIramadhusarpirAzrava labdhi kahalAtI hai| 64 amRtAzravI, ikSurasAzravI Adi labdhiyA~ bhI isI prakAra samajhanI caahie| 18. kSIrAzravAdi labdhiyA~ - jisa labdhi ke prabhAva se vaktA kA vacana, zrota ko dUdha, madhu aura ghRta ke svAda kI taraha madhura lagatA hai, vaha kSIrAsrava labdhi hai| udAharaNa ke lie vajrasvAmI Adi ke vacana sunane meM ati madhura lagate the| ganne kA cArA carane vAlI eka lAkha gAyoM ke dUdha ko ubAlakara hajAra gAyoM se prApta ho itane dUdha ke barAbara karate haiM, phira usako ubAla kara usakA AdhA, isa prakAra ghoTate-ghoTate kramazaH AdhA karate anta meM jaba eka gAya se prApta dUdha ke barAbara vaha dUdha raha jAtA hai, usase prApta ghI viziSTa varNAdi se yukta madhura hotA hai, usase bhI adhika madhura vacana isa labdhi ke prabhAva se hote haiN| aisA dUdha aura ghI mana kI saMtuSTi evaM zarIra kI puSTi karane vAlA hotA hai, vaise hI isa labdhi se sampanna AtmA kA vacana, zrotA ke tana-mana ko AhlAdita karatA hai| jo vacana sunane meM zreSTha aura zahada (madhu) ke samAna madhura lage, vaha madhyAzrava labdhi kahalAtI hai| jo vacana gannoM ko carane vAlI gAyoM ke ghI ke samAna mIThA lagatA hai, vaha sarpirAzrava labdhi kahalAtI hai| ___ 19. koSThabuddhi - koSThaka (koThAgAra meM rahe hue) dhAnya kI taraha jisake sUtra aura artha niraMtara smRtiyukta hone se cirasthAyI hote haiM, arthAt viziSTa jJAnI ke mukhAravinda se sunA huA zrutajJAna jisa buddhi meM vaisA kA vaisA hI surakSita rahe, vaha koSThabuddhi kahalAtI hai| aura usa buddhi se yukta muni koSThabuddhi labdhimAn kahalAtA hai| 20. padAnusArIbuddhi - jo sUtra ke eka hI pada se svabuddhi se bahuta zruta jAnatA hai arthAt jo eka sUtra-pada kA nizcaya karake zeSa usase sambandhita nahIM sune hue jJAna ko bhI tadnurUpa zruta kA avagAhana karAtI hai, vaha padAnusArI buddhi kahalAtI hai aura usa buddhi se yukta muni padAnusArI buddhi labdhimAn kahalAtA hai| 21. bIjabuddhi - jo (utpAda, dhruva aura vyaya ityAdi)eka hI artha pradhAna pada se dUsare bahuta artha ko jAnatI hai athavA jo eka artha ko dhAraNa karake zeSa azruta yathAvasthita prabhUta arthoM ko 464. jaina siddhAnta bola saMgraha bhAga 6, pR. 295-296

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [385] grahaNa karatI hai, vaha bIjabuddhi kahalAtI hai aura usa buddhi se yukta muni bIjabuddhi (gaNadhara) labdhivAn kahalAtA hai| 85 22. AhAraka labdhi - prANIdayA, tIrthaMkara Rddhi darzana, zaMkA-nivAraNa Adi ke lie anya kSetra meM virAjita tIrthaMkara athavA kevalI ke pAsa bhejane ke lie jisa labdhi se cauhaha pUrvadhara sAdhaka eka hAtha pramANa kA putalA banAte hai, vaha AhAraka labdhi kahalAtI hai| 23. vaikriya labdhi - jisa labdhi se manacAhe rUpa banAne kI zakti prApta hotI hai, vaha labdhi manuSya aura tiryaMca ko tapa-sAdhanA se aura deva tathA nArakI ko bhava-pratyaya se prApta hotI hai| 24. gaNadhara labdhi - lokottara jJAna, darzanAdi guNoM ke samUha (gaNa) ko dhAraNa karake use sUtra rUpa meM gUMthane vAle gaNadhara kahalAte haiN| jisase gaNadhara pada kI prApti ho, use gaNadhara labdhi kahate haiN| 25. tejolezyA labdhi - bele-bele pAraNA karane vAle aura pAraNe meM eka muTThI ur3ada ke bAkule evaM cullu bhara pAnI lene vAle aura sUrya kI AtApanA lene vAle sAdhaka ko yaha labdhi prApta hotI hai| isa labdhi se muMha teja (agni) nikAla kara anake yojana pramANa kSetra ko jalAyA jA sakatA hai| 26. zIta lezyA labdhi - karuNA bhAvanA se prerita ho kara tejolezyA ko zAnta karane meM samartha zItala teja vizeSa ko chor3anA zIta lezyA hai, jisase yaha zakti prApta ho vaha zItalezyA labdhi hai| 27. akSINamahAnasI labdhi - jisa labdhi se eka sAdhu ke lie lAI gaI bhikSA bahuta se sAdhuoM ke dvArA khAe jAne para bhI khatma nahIM ho, lekina anta meM svayaM ke bhogane para hI vaha AhAra samApta hotA hai, vaha akSINamahAnasI labdhi kahalAtI hai| ___28. pulAka labdhi - jisa labdhi se sAdhu saMghAdi kI surakSA ke lie cakravartI aura usakI senA ko daNDa de, usa labdhi se yukta muni pulAka labdhimAn kahalAtA hai| upuryakta 28 labdhiyoM ke alAvA anya bhI kaI labdhiyA~ hai - aNutvalabdhi, mahattalabdhi, laghutvalabdhi, gurutvalabdhi, prAptilabdhi, prAkAmyalabdhi, vazitvalabdhi, apratigAmitva labdhi, antardhAnalabdhi, kaamruupitvlbdhi| upuryakta labdhiyoM kA vizeSa svarUpa pravacanasAroddhAra466 evaM jaina siddhAnta bola saMgraha467 meM varNita hai| digambara paramparA meM labdhiyAM SaTkhaNDAgama meM 44 jinoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| jisameM 33 labdhiyoM ko dhAraNa karane vAloM ko bhI namaskAra kiyA gayA hai, yathA 1. avadhijJAnI 2. koSThabuddhi 3. bIjabuddhi 4. padAnusArI 5. sambhinnazrotA 6. Rjumati 7. vipulamati 8. dazapUrvadhara 9. caturdazapUrvadhara 10. vaikriya 11. cAraNa 12. AkAzagAminI 13. AzIviSa 14. dRSTiviSa 15. ugratapa 16. mahAtapa 17. ghoratapa 18. ghoraparAkrama 19. ghoraguNa 20. aghoraguNabrahmacArI 21. Ama|Sadhi 22. khelauSadhi 23. jallauSadhi 24. viSThauSadhi 25. sauSadhi 26. manobala 27. vacanabala 28. kAyabala 29. kSIrAsravI 30. sarpisravI 31. madhusravI 32. amRtasravI 33. akssiinnmhaans| dhavalATIkAkAra ne unakI vyAkhyA kI hai| jijJAsuoM kA vizeSa varNana ke lie SaTkhaNDAgama dekhanA caahie|168 465. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 799-800 466. pravacanasAroddhAra, dvAra 270, gAthA 1492-1508, pR. 408-414 467. jaina siddhAnta bola saMgraha bhAga 6, bola 28, pR. 289-299 468, SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 1, sUtra 4.1.1-4.1.44, pR. 2-134

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[386] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana labdhiyoM ke sambandha meM prApta matAntara kucheka AcArya bIsa hI labdhiyA~ svIkAra karate haiM, ve isa prakAra hai - 1. AmarSa auSadhi 2. zleSmauSadhi 3. malauSadhi 4. vipuDauSadhi 5. sarvauSadhi 6. koSThabuddhi 7. bIjabuddhi 8. padAnusArI buddhi 9. saMbhinnazrotA 10. Rjumati 11. vipulamati 12. kSINamadhughRtAzravA labdhi 13. akSINamahAnasI labdhi 14. vaikriyalabdhi 15. cAraNavidyA 16. vidyAdhara 17. arhanta 18. cakravartI 19. baladeva aura 20. vaasudev| lekina yaha kathana aikAMtika nahIM hai| kyoMki labdhiyA~ vizeSa - atizaya haiN| ve jIvoM ke karmakSaya Adi se prApta hotI haiM, ve aparimati haiN| jaise ki gaNadhara labdhi, taijasalabdhi, AhArakalabdhi, pulAkalabdhi, AkAzagamanalabdhi Adi bahuta labdhiyA~ hotI haiN| ye bIsa labdhiyA~ bhavasiddhika puruSavedI jIvoM ke hotI haiN| isameM se jinalabdhi, baladeva, cakravartI, vAsudeva, saMbhinnazrotA, jaMghAcAraNa aura pUrvadhara ye sAta labdhiyA~ bhavasiddhi taka strIvedI jIvoM ke nahIM hotI haiM, zeSa 13 labdhiyA~ hotI haiN| uparyukta sAta evaM Rjumati, vipulamati ye nau labdhiyA~ abhavI puruSavedI ke nahIM hotI hai| abhavI strIvedI meM uparokta nau aura kSINamadhughRtAzravAlabdhi ye dasa labdhiyA~ chor3akara zeSa dasa labdhiyA~ hotI hai| 70 uparyukta mata ko mAnane vAle aisA kahate haiM ki 20 labdhiyA~ bhavI ke hotI haiM aura bAkI bhavI aura abhavI donoM meM sAdhAraNa rUpa se hotI haiN| unakA aisA kahanA bhI doSayukta hai, kyoMki ina 20 ke alAvA dUsarI gaNadhara, pulAka aura AhAraka labdhiyA~ bhI mAtra bhavI ke hI hotI haiN| uparyukta 20 labdhiyoM meM se vaikriyalabdhi, AmarSa auSadhi Adi labdhiyA~ abhavI ke bhI hotI haiN| cakravartI labdhi bhavI ke hI kyoM hotI hai ___ bhagavatI sUtra' 1.(bhagavatIsUtra, za. 12, u. 9) meM kahA hai ki "he bhagavan ! cakravartI ho kara vApasa dUsarI bAra cakravatI bane to usameM kAla se kitanA antara hotA hai| he gautama! jaghanya eka sAgaropama jhAjherA aura utkRSTa ardhapudgala parAvartana se kucha kama antara hotA hai|" isase spaSTa hotA hai ki cakravartIlabdhi bhavI ke hI hotI hai| kyoMki ardhapudgala parAvartana pramANa antara kAla jisakA bhaviSya meM mokSa hone vAlA hai, usI kI apekSA ghaTita hotA hai aura abhavI kA utkRSTa antara vanaspati kAla jitanA batAyA hai| phira indra, cakravartI Adi padayogya karma kA baMdha bhI bhavI ke hI kahA hai| usameM cakravartI bhavI hI hotA hai| 72 28 labdhiyoM meM se bhavya-abhavya jIvoM meM prApta labdhiyA~__ 1. bhavI-puruSa meM 28 hI labdhiyA pAI jAtI hai| 2. bhavI-strI meM aha~ta, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva, saMbhinnazrotA, cAraNa, pUrvadhara, gaNadhara, pulAka aura AhAraka ina dasa labdhiyoM ko chor3akara zeSa aThAraha labdhiyA~ pAI jAtI haiN| bhagavAn mallinAtha strI rUpa meM tIrthaMkara bane yaha Azcarya thaa| 3. abhavI-puruSa meM arhata, kevalI, Rjumati, vipulamati, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva, saMbhannizrotA, cAraNa, pUrvadhara gaNadhara, pulAka aura AhAraka ina teraha ko chor3akara zeSa pandraha labdhiyA~ pAI jAtI hai| 4. abhavI-strI meM abhavya puruSa meM nahIM hone vAlI teraha aura madhughRta sarpirAzrava ye caudaha labdhiyA~ nahIM pAI jAtI hai tathA zeSa caudaha labdhiyA~ pAI jAtI haiN| 469. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 802 471. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 804 470. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 802-803 472. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 805

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna 13871 samIkSaNa avadhijJAna pratyakSa jJAnoM meM prathama jJAna hai| jo jJAna indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA sIdhA AtmA se hotA hai, vaha pratyakSa jJAna hai| avadhi zabda kA sAmAnya artha hai, mryaadaa| jo jJAna AtmA se maryAdA yukta jAne vaha avadhi hai| loka meM do prakAra ke padArtha hote haiM - rUpI aura aruupii| avadhijJAna kI maryAdA yaha hai ki isake dvArA mAtra rUpI padArthoM ko hI jAnA jAtA hai| ataH jo AtmA dvArA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI maryAdA se rUpI padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, vaha avadhijJAna hai| avadhijJAna ke prakAroM kA kSetra vistRta hai| isake prakAroM kA ullekha vibhinna prakAra se prApta hotA hai| mukhya rUpa se isake do bheda hote haiM - bhavapratyaya aura gunnprtyy| jo avadhijJAna janma se hotA hai vaha bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai| yaha jJAna nArakI aura devatA meM hotA hai| jo avadhijJAna guNa arthAt vrata-pratyAkhyAna athavA kSayopazama se prApta hotA hai, vaha guNapratyaya avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai| yaha avadhijJAna manuSya aura saMjJI tiryaMca paMcendriya ko hotA hai| ina do bhedoM ke alAvA isake uttara bhedoM kA ullekha vibhinna graMthoM meM prApta hotA hai, jinakI kula saMkhyA teraha hai, yathA 1. dezAvadhi, 2. paramAvadhi, 3. sarvAvadhi, 4. hIyamAna, 5. varddhamAna, 6. avasthita, 7. anavasthita, 8. anugAmI, 9. ananugAmI, 10. sapratipAti, 11. apratipAti, 12. eka kSetrAvadhi aura 13. aneka kssetraavdhi| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM caudaha nikSepoM yA dvAroM kI apekSA avadhijJAna kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai, ve dvAra haiM - 1. avadhi, 2. kSetraparimANa, 3. saMsthAna, 4. AnugAmika, 5. avasthita, 6. cala, 7. tIvramaMda, 8. pratipAti-utpAda, 9. jJAna, 10. darzana, 11. vibhaMga, 12. deza, 13. kSetra aura 14. gti| ina caudaha dvAroM ke bAda paMdrahaveM dvAra ke rUpa meM Rddhi kA ullekha jinabhadragaNi ne kiyA hai| nikSepa kA sAmAnya artha hai - rakhanA yA prakSepaNa krnaa| kisI vastu yA padArtha meM artha kA prakSepaNa (rakhanA) karanA nikSepa kahalAtA hai| avadhijJAna kA svarUpa nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kAla, bhava aura bhAva ina sAta nikSepoM ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA gayA hai| kSetra parimANa kI dRSTi se nikSepa meM avadhijJAna kA jaghanya kSetra tIna samaya ke AhAraka sUkSma panaka jIva kA jitanA zarIra (avagAhanA) hotA hai, utanA hI avadhijJAna kA viSayabhUta jaghanya kSetra parimANa hotA hai| agnikAyika samasta jIva sabhI dizAoM meM jitane kSetra ko vyApta karate haiM, avadhijJAna kA utkRSTa kSetra utane asaMkhyAtaloka pramANa kA hotA hai| jaghanya kSetra kA parimANa batAte hue jinabhadragaNi tathA bRhadvRtti meM maladhArI hemacandra ne pAramparika artha ko mahattva diyA hai| jabaki yaha artha AgamAnusAra nahIM haiM, ataH inake artha kI samIkSA karake Agamika mAnyatA ko puSTa kiyA gayA hai| avadhijJAna kA viSaya dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva se cAra prakAra kA hai| unakA svarUpa saMkSepa meM nimna prakAra se hai - jaghanya se avadhijJAnI dravya se aura kSetra se aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM rahe hue rUpI dravyoM ko dekhate haiN| kAla se dravya kI AvalikA ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga kI dravyagata atIta, anAgata paryAyoM ko dekhate haiM aura bhAva se pratyeka dravya ke cAra guNa (eka varNa, eka gaMdha aura do sparza) dekhate haiN|

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[388] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana utkRSTa se avadhijJAnI dravya se aura kSetra se asaMkhyAta lokAkAza pramANa khaMDoM ke avagAhita kiye hue dravyoM ko dekhatA hai (jAnatA hai)| kAla se dravyoM kI asaMkhyAta utsarpiNIavasarpiNI atIta, anAgata kI paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai aura bhAva se pratyeka dravya kI asaMkhyAta paryAyoM ko dekhatA hai| naMdIsUtra meM jaghanya aura utkRSTa donoM prakAra ke avadhijJAnoM ke lie anaMta paryAya kA pramANa batAyA hai| 73 naMdIcUrNi ke anusAra bhAva (paryAya) jaghanya se utkRSTa ananta guNA adhika hai| utkRSTa bhAva sarvabhAvoM kI apekSA anantaveM bhAga jitane haiN|74 kyoMki sarvabhAvoM ko kevalajJAnI hI jAna sakate haiN| haribhadra isako spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki yahA~ pratyeka dravya kI anaMta paryAya nahIM lekara mAtra AdhArabhUta dravyoM kI anaMta paryAyoM kA grahaNa karanA caahie|75 ataH avadhijJAnI AdhArabhUta jJeya dravya kI anantatA ke kAraNa ananta paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai| pratidravya kI apekSA ananta paryAyoM ko nahIM jAnatA hai| anya dravyoM kI paryAyoM kA spaSTIkaraNa malayagiri karate hue kahate haiM ki pratyeka dravya kI paryAya saMkhyAta yA asaMkhyAta ho sakatI hai| isa prakAra naMdI ke TIkAkAra naMdIgata anaMta zabda kA saMbaMdha paryAya ke sAtha nahIM jor3akara dravya ke sAtha jor3ate haiN| dhavalATIkA ke anusAra ananta paryAyoM ko nahIM jAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki avadhijJAnI asaMkhyAta paryAyoM ko hI jAnatA hai| isa prakAra donoM paramparAoM meM paryAya ko jAnane ke sambandha meM matabheda haiN| avadhijJAna ke utkRSTa viSaya ke sambandha meM mAnyatA hai ki avidhajJAnI sarva loka ko dekhatA hai aura aloka meM eka se adhika AkAza-pradeza ko dekhatA hai| yahA~ zaMkA hotI hai ki avadhijJAna kA viSaya to rUpI padArtha hai, phira vaha aloka meM arUpI AkAza-pradeza kaise dekha sakatA hai? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki aloka meM rUpI dravya nahIM haiM, parantu kisI jIva ko itanA avadhijJAna ho jAtA hai ki pUre loka meM rUpI padArtha ko jAna lene ke bAda yadi aloka meM bhI rUpI dravya hoM, to ve usake eka pradeza ko bhI dekha sakate haiN| itanI zakti vAlA avadhijJAna apratipAtI hotA hai| aloka meM to rUpI padArtha hai hI nahIM, parantu jJAna kI zakti batAne ke lie yaha kalpanA kI gaI hai, jisase saralatA pUrvaka usakI jJAna-zakti (sAmarthya) kA paricaya ho ske| jitanI aloka meM vRddhi hogI utane hI loka meM rahe hue rUpI padArthoM ko avadhijJAnI sUkSma, sUkSmatara aura sUkSmatama rUpa se jAnatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM avadhijJAna ke kSetra kA nApa pramANAMgula tathA digambara paramparA meM avadhijJAna kA kucha kSetra utsedhAMgula se tathA kucha kSetra pramANAMgula se nApA gayA hai| avadhijJAna ke dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI vRddhi ke varNana meM dravya kI vRddhi hone para kSetrAdi kI vRddhi aura hAni hotI hai ki nahIM, isakA jinabhadragaNi ne paramparA se prApta sUkSma vivecana kiyA hai| 473. kevalaM jghnypdaadutkRssttpdmnntgunnm| malayagiri naMdIvRtti, pR. 98 474. naMdIcUrNi pR. 34 475. bhAvato'vadhijJAnI jaghanyenAnantAn bhAvAn paryAyAn AdhAradravyAnantatvAt na tu prtidrvymiti| - hAribhadrIya naMdIvRtti, pR. 34 476. bhAvAnparyAyAn AdhAradravyAnantatvAt, na tu pratidravyaM, pratidravyaM saMkhyeyAnAmasaMkhyeyAnAM vA paryAyANAM drshnaat| - malayagiri naMdIvRtti, pR. 98 477. SaTkhaNDAgama pu, 9, pR. 28

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [389] kAlavRddhi ke sAtha dravya, kSetra aura bhAva kI vRddhi bhI nizcita hotI hai| kSetra kI vRddhi meM kAla kI vRddhi kI bhajanA hai jabaki dravya aura paryAya kI vRddhi hotI haiM tathA dravya aura paryAya kI vRddhi meM kSetra aura kAla kI bhajanA hai, kyoMki kAla Adi paraspara sUkSma se sUkSmatara hote haiN| avadhijJAnI kA viSaya rUpI pudgala haiM, yathA audArikazarIra, vaikriyazarIra, AhArakazarIra, taijasazarIra, bhASAvargaNA, AnapAna (zvAsocchvAsa) vargaNA, manovargaNA, kArmaNazarIra ye ATha vargaNAeM hotI hai, unameM se bhI taijasa aura bhASA vargaNAoM ke bIca meM rahI huI ayogya vargaNAoM ko arthAt jo dravya taijasa aura bhASA ke yogya nahIM aise gurulaghu aura agurulaghu paryAyayukta dravya ko vaha avadhijJAnI jAnatA hai| varNaNA kA svarUpa samajhAne ke lie jinabhadragaNi ne kucikarNa kA udAharaNa diyA hai| samAna jAti ke pudgaloM ke samUha ko vargaNA kahate haiN| audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka aura tejasa ke dravya sthUla aura gurulaghu (ATha sparzavAlA) tathA kArmaNa, bhASA, zvAsocchvAsa aura manodravya sUkSma aura agurulaghu (cAra sparza vAlA) pariNAma vAle hote haiN| vargaNA mukhya rUpa se cAra prakAra kI hotI hai - dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhaav| isase dravyAdi ke audArika Adi ATha bheda hote haiN| sabhI vargaNAoM meM pahale agrahaNa vargaNA phira grahaNa vargaNA aura punaH agrahaNa vargaNA hotI hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM audArika Adi ATha vargaNAoM ke bAda dhruvAdi caudaha vargaNAoM ke svarUpa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra kula vargaNAeM 22 (jIva ke grahaNa yogya 8 aura jIva ke agrahaNayogya 14) hotI haiN| paMcasaMgraha meM audArika Adi ATha vargaNAoM ke bAda yathAkrama se dhruvAcitta, adhruvAcitta, zUnya vargaNA, pratyekazarIra, dhruvazUnya, bAdaranigoda, dhruvazUnya, sUkSmanigoda, dhruvazUnya, mahAskaMdhavargaNA hai, isa prakAra kula aThAraha vargaNAoM kA varNana paMcasaMgraha meM milatA hai| gommaTasAra meM aNuvargaNA, saMkhyAtANuvargaNA, asaMkhyAtANuvargaNA, anaMtANuvargaNA, AhAravargaNA ityAdi 23 prakAra kI vargaNAoM kA varNana gommaTasAra meM prApta hotA hai| vibhinna Agama graMthoM meM 42 prakAra kI vargaNAoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai| avadhijJAna ke viSaya kI apekSA se mukhya rUpa se tIna bheda hote haiM - dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi aura srvaavdhi| paramAvadhijJAnI sarvotkRSTa sabhI rUpI padArthoM ko jAnatA aura dekhatA hai| paramAvadhi kA adhikArI manuSya hI hotA hai| isI prakAra tiryaMca, naraka aura devoM ke avadhijJAna se sambandhita dravya, kSetra evaM kAla kA vistAra se ullekha kiyA gAyA hai| 1. tiryaMca avadhijJAnI kA utkRSTa kSetra asaMkhyAtadvIpa samudra aura kAla se asaMkhyAtavarSa pramANa hotA hai| 2. nArakI avadhijJAnI jaghanya eka gAU (kosa) aura utkRSTa cAra gAU (eka yojana) kSetra ko, tathA kAla se antarmuhUrta ke bhUta-bhaviSya kA jAnatA aura dekhatA hai| 3. devatA meM bhavanapati kA jaghanya kSetra 25 yojana utkRSTa asaMkhyAta yojana, vANavyaMtara kA jaghanya kSetra 25 yojana utkRSTa saMkhyAta yojana hai tathA jyotiSI jaghanya-utkRSTa saMkhyAta yojana kSetra ko jAnatA aura dekhatA hai| vaimAnika kA jaghanya kSetra jaghanya aMgula kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga, utkRSTa saMbhinna sampUrNa loka nAr3I jitanA hotA hai| jaiseki pahale devaloka se navameM navagraiveyaka taka ke deva tirache rUpa meM asaMkhyAta dvIpa-samudroM taka aura UMce apane-apane vimAnoM kI dhvajA patAkA taka evaM pAMca anuttara vimAna ke deva caudaha rajju pramANa loka ko dekhate haiN|

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[390] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana vaimAnika ko chor3akara zeSa devatAoM ke avadhijJAna kA kSetra pramANa sAmAnya se isa prakAra hai| AdhA sAgaropama se kama AyuSyavAlA deva saMkhyAta yojana taka aura usase adhika AyuSya vAle deva asaMkhyAta yojana taka utkRSTa kSetra dekhate haiM arthAt devoM ke avadhijJAna ke kSetra kA viSaya unakI sthiti ke anusAra hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA manuSya gati meM jaghanya, utkRSTa aura madhyama prakAra kA, tiryaMca gati meM jaghanya aura madhyama rUpa do prakAra kA tathA deva aura nArakI meM eka madhyama prakAra kA hI avadhijJAna pAyA jAtA hai| saMsthAna dvAra meM avadhijJAnI ke jJAna kA AkAra-prakAra kaisA hotA hai, isakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sabhI jIvoM ke avadhijJAna kA prakAra bhinna-bhinna hotA hai| jaise nArakI ke avadhijJAna kA saMsthAna tapra ke prakAra kA, bhavanapati meM pallaka ke prakAra kA tathA vANavyaMtara meM paTaha ke prakAra kA hotA hai| isa taraha anuttara vimAna ke deva taka ke avadhijJAna kA prakAra batAyA gayA hai| manuSya aura tiryaMca ke avadhijJAna kA saMsthAna aniyata hai| saMsthAnoM ke varNana ke sAtha zvetAmbara-digambara paramparAoM meM zarIragata saMsthAna ke ullekha meM jo mata bheda hai, usakI carcA kI gaI hai| jo avadhijJAna eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para kartA kA netra ke samAna anugamana kare vaha AnugAmika avadhijJAna hotA hai| yaha do prakAra kA hotA hai - aMtagata aura mdhygt| jo avadhijJAna AtmapradezoM ke kisI eka chora meM viziSTa kSayopazama hone para utpanna hotA hai, vaha avadhijJAna aMtagata avadhijJAna hai| aMtagata avadhijJAna kaI dizAoM ko prakAzita kara sakatA hai| isalie isake tIna bheda haiM - 1. purataH (Age kI dizA ko prakAzita karane vAlA) 2. mArgataH (pIche kI dizA ko prakAzita karane vAlA) 3. pArzvata: (dAye-bAyeM kisI eka dizA ko prakAzita karane vaalaa)| isa prakAra vaha saMkhyAta asaMkhyAta yojana kSetra ko prakAzita karatA hai| ina bhedoM kA ullekha tattvArthasUtra aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM nahIM hai| madhyagata avadhijJAna meM jaise koI vyakti prakAzamAna dIpaka Adi ko apane mastaka para rakhatA hai to usase cAroM ora kI vastu prakAzita hotI hai, vaise hI jo avadhijJAnI sabhI dizAoM ke rUpI padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, vaha madhyagata avadhijJAna hai| aMtagata aura madhyagata meM mukhya rUpa se antara hai ki aMtagata avadhijJAna cAroM dizAoM meM se kisI eka dizA meM saMkhyAta aura asaMkhyAta yojana taka sthita rUpI dravyoM ko prakAzita karatA hai, jabaki madhyagata avadhijJAnI sabhI dizAoM vidizAoM meM saMkhyAta aura asaMkhyAta yojana taka sthita rUpI dravyoM ko prakAzita karatA hai| jo avadhijJAna jJAtA kA anugamana nahIM kare, vaha anAnugAmika avadhijJAna hai| jisa prakAra sthira dIpaka Adi eka hI sthAna para rahakara maryAdita kSetra meM rUpI padArthoM ko prakAzita karate haiN| vaise hI anAnugAmika avadhijJAna hotA hai| yaha avadhijJAna kSetra se pratibaddha hotA hai| anAnugAmika avadhijJAnI sambaddha (lagAtAra) aura asambaddha (antarAla) rUpa se rUpI pudgaloM ko jAnatA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne AnugAmika aura anAnugAmika ke mizra bheda kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| manuSya-tiryaMca meM AnugAmika, anAnugAmika aura mizra tathA deva aura nArakI meM AnugAmika avadhijJAna hotA hai| avasthita dvAra meM avadhijJAna kA kSetra, upayoga aura labdhi kI apekSA se varNana kiyA gayA hai| avasthita kA artha hai sthira rhnaa| avasthita ke sAtha anavasthita kA ullekha Avazyakaniyukti meM prApta nahIM hotA hai| anavasthita kA ullekha SaTkhaNDAgama aura tattvArthasUtra meM prApta hotA hai|

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [391] avadhijJAna jaghanya eka samaya tathA utkRSTa 33 sAgaropama eka kSetra meM avasthita rahatA hai| avadhijJAnI kA utkRSTa upayoga atamuhUrta taka hotA hai| paryAya kI apekSA se 7-8 samaya taka hotA hai| labdhi kI apekSA se avadhijJAna utkRSTa 66 sagaropama taka sthira rahatA hai| tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra jo avadhijJAna kSetra aura kAlAdi kI apekSA se jitanA utpanna huA hai utanA hI rahe to vaha avasthita avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai, tathA isake viparIta anavasthita avadhijJAna hai| cala dvAra meM kSetrAdi kI apekSA avadhijJAna meM jo hAni hotI hai, vaha cala kahalAtI hai| vRddhi do prakAra kI hotI hai - bhAgavRddhi aura gunnvRddhi| inameM bhI chaha-chaha prakAra hote haiN| ananta bhAga, asaMkhyAta bhAga, saMkhyAta bhAga, saMkhyAta guNA, asaMkhyAtaguNA aura anntgunnaa| dravya meM do, kSetra va kAla meM cAra prakAra kI aura bhAva meM chaha prakAra kI vRddhi aura hAni hotI hai| dravyAdi kI vRddhi hone para anya meM bhI vRddhi bhajanA se hotI hai, lekina hAni nahIM hotI hai| isI prakAra hAni hone para dUsare meM hAni bhajanA se hotI hai, lekina vRddhi nahIM hotI hai| isI prasaMga para jinabhadragaNi ne vardhamAna aura hIyamAna avadhijJAna ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA hai| prazasta pariNAmoM se dravyAdi meM vRddhi honA vardhamAna avadhijJAna aura aprazasta pariNAmoM se dravyAdi meM hAni hone para hIyamAna avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne tIvra-maMda dvAra kA svarUpa samajhAne ke lie spardhaka avadhijJAna kA varNana kiyA hai| jisa prakAra dIpaka para jAlIdAra bartana DhaMkane para chidroM se usakI prabhA bAhara nikalatI hai, usI prakAra jina Atma pradezoM para avadhijJAnAvaNa kA kSayopazama hotA hai, ve Atma pradeza spardhaka kahalAte haiM aura usI ko spardhaka avadhijJAna kahate haiN| spardhaka ke tIna prakAra hote haiM - anugAmI, ananugAmI aura mishr| anugAmI aura apratipAtI spardhaka ati vizuddha hone se tIvra kahalAte haiM tathA ananugAmI aura pratipAtI spardhaka azuddha hone se maMda kahalAte haiM aura mizra spardhaka madhyama kahalAte haiN| isI prakAra pratipAtI aura apratipAtI avadhijJAna ke svarUpa para bhI jinabhadragaNi ne prakAza DAlA hai| pratipAtI kA artha hotA hai, utpanna hone ke bAda girane ke svabhAva vAlA tathA jo avadhijJAna utpanna hone ke bAda nahIM girane vAlA ho vaha apratipAtI avadhijJAna hai| apratipAtI avadhijJAnI ko usI bhava meM kevalajJAna kI prApti hotI hai| TIkAkAroM kI isa mAnyatA kA Agama pramANa dekara khaNDana kiyA gayA hai ki apratipAtI avadhijJAna kA artha bhava paryanta taka rahane vAlA avadhijJAna hI samajhanA caahie| pratipAda-utpAda dvAra meM bAhya aura AbhyaMtara avadhijJAna kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jo cAroM ora se nahIM dekhatA ho, yA jharokhe kI jAlI meM se nikale hue dIpaka ke prakAza kI bhA~ti antara sahita avadhi ho, use 'bAhya avadhi' kahate haiM aura jo avadhijJAna, sabhI ora kI dizAoM meM saMlagnatA rUpa se sImita kSetra ko antara sahita prakAzita karatA hai, use 'Abhyantara avadhijJAna' kahate haiN| nArakI aura devatA meM AbhyaMtara, tiryaMca meM bAhya aura manuSya meM donoM prakAra kA avadhijJAna hotA hai| avadhijJAna-avadhidarzana-vibhaMga dvAroM meM kahA gayA hai ki pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki jo vastu ke vizeSa rUpa ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha sAkAra bodha 'jJAna' tathA jo vastu ko sAmAnya rUpa se grahaNa karatA hai, vaha anAkAra bodha 'darzana' kahalAtA hai| samyagdRSTi ke avadhijJAna aura mithyAdRSTi

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[392] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ke vibhaMgajJAna hotA hai| kucha AcAryoM ne isa prasaMga para vibhaMga darzana ko siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, jisakA jinabhadragaNi ne khaNDana kiyA hai| deza dvAra meM avadhijJAnI rUpI padArthoM ko deza se jAnatA hai ki sarva se jAnatA hai, isakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jJAna-darzana kI prApti meM jJAnAvaraNIya-darzanAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama kI samAnatA rahatI hai, phira bhI dravya meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI apekSA se kSayopazama jJAna (sAkAra upayoga) aura darzana (anAkAra upayoga) meM hotA hai| kSetra dvAra meM saMbaddha aura asaMbaddha avadhikSetra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| kisI avadhijJAnI kA avadhijJAna pradIpa meM prabhA kI taraha saMbaddha hotA hai| vaha jJAnI apane avasthiti kSetra se nirantara draSTavya vastu ko jAna letA hai| jisa prakAra dUrI aura andhakAra ke kAraNa pradIpa kI prabhA vicchinna ho jAtI hai, vaise hI avadhijJAna avadhijJAnI meM asaMbaddha hotA hai| asambaddha meM to apane pAsa vAlA kSetra nahIM dekhatA hai| spardhaka avadhi meM apane pAsa vAlA kSetra dekha sakatA hai| spardhaka avadhijJAnI kA artha bIca-bIca meM kSetra nahIM dekhanA hai| gati dvAra meM gati, indriya, kAya, yoga Adi bIsa dvAroM ke mAdhyama se avadhijJAnI ke adhikArI Adi kA matijJAna ke samAna ullekha kiyA gayA hai| Rddhi dvAra meM viziSTa kSayopazama se jIva ko jina labdhioM kI prApti hotI hai, unakA ullekha graMthoM meM prApta bhinna labdhiyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| kitanI labdhiyA~ bhavI-abhavI puruSa aura strI meM hotI haiM, isakA varNana kiyA gayA hai| usake alAvA Rddhi ke sambandha meM viziSTa ullekha isa prakAra hai - anya mata kI sAdhanA meM kitanI labdhiyA~ hai - arihanta, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva, saMbhinnazrotA, cAraNa, pUrvadhara, gaNadhara, pulAka, AhAraka, kevalI, Rjugati, vipulamati, ye teraha labdhiyA~ anya mata meM sambhava nahIM haiN| zeSa Amosahi, vipposahi, khelosahi, jallosahi, savvosahi, avadhi, AsIvisa, khIra, mahu, sappi, Asava, koTThabuddhi, padAnusArI, bIjabuddhi, tejolezyA, zItalezyA, vaikriya, akSINamahAnasika, ye labdhiyA~ anyamatavAloM ko bhI ho sakatI hai| aNutva, mahattva Adi RddhiyA~ (siddhiyA~) bhI anya mata meM ho sakatI haiN| 28 labdhiyoM meM kisa guNasthAna meM kitanI labdhiyA~ hotI haiM - tIrthaMkara, kevalI ye do labdhiyAM 13veM-14veM guNasthAna meM pAyI jAtI hai| saMbhinnazrotA, pUrvadhara, gaNadhara, vipulamati, Rjumati ye pAMca labdhiyA~ chaThe se bAharaveM guNasthAna taka pAyI jAtI haiN| zrutajJAna ke kSayopazamarUpa hone se gaNadharalabdhi meM bArahaveM guNasthAna taka hI mAnI gayI hai| cAraNa-pulAka aura AhAraka labdhi chaThe guNasthAna meM mAnI jAtI hai| cAraNalabdhi kA prayoga pramAdI karatA hai| pahu~cane ke bAda apramatta bhI ho sakatA hai| cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva meM prathama cAra guNasthAna pAye jAte haiN| avadhi labdhi cauthe se bArahaveM guNasthAna taka pAyI jAtI hai| sAsvAdana meM bhI avadhi hotI hai| vibhaMga ko bhI isI meM samajhA jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se yaha pahale se bArahaveM guNasthAna taka hai| AzIviSa, zItala, uSNa, tejolezyA prathama chaha guNasthAnoM taka samajhI jAtI hai| bIjabuddhi, koSThabuddhi aura padAnusAriNI meM prathama bAraha guNasthAna, kSIra, madhu, ghRta meM prathama se teraha guNasthAna, zeSa Amosahi, vipposahi,

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [393] khelosahi, jallosahi aura savvosahi sabhI guNasthAna meM samajhI jAtI haiN| granthoM se AmosAdi pAMca labdhiyA~ pramatta saMyata taka honA hI dhvanita hotA hai| avadhijJAna ke ajJAna kA kAraNa - 'avadhi' jJAna bhI hai aura ajJAna bhI hai, kyoMki mati, zruta aura avadhi jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI prakRtiyoM ke kSayopazama ke sAtha darzana-saptaka (anaMtAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha tathA mithyAtva mohanIya, mizra-mohanIya aura samyaktva mohanIya, ina sAta prakRtiyoM) kA kSayopazamAdi huA ho, to tIna jJAna aura darzana-saptaka kA kSayopazamAdi nahIM huA ho, to tIna ajJAna hote haiN| ajJAna-dazA meM hI vaha 'vibhaMgajJAna' athavA avadhi ajJAna kahalAtA hai| avadhijJAna se sambandhita kucha vizeSatAeM nimna prakAra se haiM - 1. garbha meM rahe hue tIrthaMkara avadhijJAna se aloka ke paryAya ko nahIM dekha sakate haiN| aloka ko bhI kama-jyAdA dekhane kI zakti hai, kintu sabhI parama avadhijJAna vAloM kA kSetra samAna hai| 3. eka palyopama meM kucha kama jAnane vAlA avadhijJAnI, sampUrNa loka ko jAnatA hai| 4. kama se kama loka ke aura palyopama ke bahuta se saMkhyAtaveM bhAgoM ko jAnane vAlA avadhijJAnI karma ke dravyoM ko jAna sakatA hai| 5. parama avadhijJAna hone ke aMtarmuhUrta bAda kevalajJAna utpanna ho hI jAtA hai| 6. aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga se lekara hajAra yojana kI avagAhanA vAle tiryaMca ko avadhijJAna ho sakatA hai, aisA prajJApanA sUtra ke pAMcaveM pada se spaSTa hotA hai| 7. jo manuSya parabhava se avadhijJAna sAtha lekara AtA hai, vaha madhyama prakAra kA hI hotA hai| 8. audArika meM avadhijJAna vicitra prakAra kA hotA hai| tiryaMcoM kA avadhi bhavanapati, vANavyaMtara devoM se adhika nahIM hotA hai, phira bhI alpa sthiti vAle devoM se tiryaMcoM kA avadhi adhika bhI ho to ve devoM se bar3e nahIM ho jAte haiN| jaise manuSya ur3a nahIM sakatA cir3iyA ur3a sakatI hai| 9. pUrva-pazcAt kI paryAyoM ko bhI avadhijJAnI jAna sakatA hai| pUrva-pazcAt paryAyeM rUpI hotI hai| naSTa, anutpanna hote hue bhI vartamAna paryAya ke mAdhyama se avadhijJAnI una paryAyoM ko jAna sakate haiN| avadhi se bhUta-bhaviSyat kAla meM hone vAlI rUpI dravyoM kI paryAyeM vartamAna samaya meM dRSTigocara ho jAtI haiN| 10. vizeSAvazyakabhASya (gAthA 2593) ke anusAra pAMcaveM Are meM jambUsvAmI ke mokSa padhArate hI, nimna bAraha prakAra ke boloM kA viccheda ho gayA hai, jo nimna prakAra se hai - 1. mana:paryavajJAna 2. paramAvadhijJAna 3. pulAkalabdhi 4. AhAraka labdhi 5. kSapakazreNi 6. upazamazreNi 7. jinakalpa 8. parihAravizuddhi 9. sUkSmasaMparAya 10. yathAkhyAta cAritra 11. kevalI 12. mukti| prazna yaha hai ki vartamAna meM avadhijJAna, jAtismaraNa Adi jJAna kA niSedha nahIM hote hue bhI vartamAna samaya meM avadhijJAna kyoM nahIM hotA hai? uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki vartamAna meM sAmAnyatayA Aja koI bhI avadhijJAnI nahIM hai| isakA yaha kAraNa hai ki citta kI vaisI ekAgratA aura nirmalatA nahIM hai| ekAgratA aura nirmalatA utkRSTa cAritra meM hotI hai|

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[394] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana avadhijJAna aura dezavirati sAmAyika - maladhArI hemacandra ne bRhadvRtti meM ullekha kiyA hai ki zrAvaka avadhijJAna kI prApti ke pazcAt dezavirati ko prApta nahIM krtaa| dezavirati Adi guNoM ke abhyAsa ke pazcAt hI avidhajJAna prApta hotA hai, yaha tathya hameM guru-paramparA se jJAta huA hai| isakA rahasya to kevalI jAnate haiN| 78 TIkAkAra kA yaha kathana AgamAnusAra nahIM hai, kyoMki zrAvaka yA samyagdRSTi ko avadhijJAna ho jAne ke bAda sarvavirati, dezavirati yA pUrvavratoM ko aura saMkSipta karake dezavirati ko bar3hAne kA Agama meM kahIM para niSedha nahIM hai| isalie avadhi ke bAda bhI samyagdRSTi jIva, zrAvaka bana sakatA hai evaM zrAvaka sAdhu bana sakatA hai| kyoMki avadhijJAna kSayopazama bhAva hai, udayabhAva nahIM hai, kSayopazama bhAva dezavirati, sarvavirati meM sahayogI samajhA jAtA hai, bAdhaka nhiiN| isa adhyAya meM avadhijJAna kA nirUpaNa pramukhataH vizeSAvazyakabhASya aura usakI TIkA ko AdhAra banAkara kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI anya zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA ke granthoM kA bhI pracura upayoga kiyA gayA hai| avadhijJAna ke sambandha meM vibhinna dvAroM ke mAdhyama se jo carcA kI gaI hai, usase avadhijJAna ke sambandha meM prApta varNana kI bhI samIkSA kI gaI hai| usI ke AdhAra para donoM paramparAoM meM avadhijJAna ke svarUpa meM jo antara haiM, unheM saMkSepa meM nimnAMkita binduoM meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai - (1) zvetAmbara paramparA meM avadhijJAna ke kula gyAraha bhedoM kA ullekha milatA hai, yathA 1. bhavapratyaya, 2. guNapratyaya, 3. anugAmI, 4. ananugAmI, 5. varddhamAna, 6. hIyamAna, 7. pratipAti, 8. apratipAti, 9. avasthita, 10. anavasthita, 11. paramAvadhi, isa prakAra avadhijJAna ke kula gyAraha bheda hote haiN| digambara paramparA meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya gyAraha bheda sahita, 12. dezAvadhi, 13. sarvAvadhi, 14. ekakSetra aura 15. anekakSetra isa prakAra kula pandraha bheda prApta hote haiN| (2) nigoda ke jIva eka muhUrta meM zvetAMbara mAnyatA se 65536 bhava aura digambara mAnyatA se aMtarmuhUrta meM 66336 bhava karatA hai| (3) zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra nimna likhita kSetra ke sAtha nimna likhita kAla dekhatA hai-1. hAtha pramANa kSetra meM antarmuhUrta pramANa kAla taka rUpI dravyoM ko dekhatA hai, 2. gAU pramANa kSetra meM divasa antarbhAva paryanta kAla taka dekhatA hai, 3. yojana pramANa kSetra meM divasa pRthaktva paryanta kAla dekhatA hai, 4. 25 yojana kSetra meM pakSAnta bhAga kAla taka dekhatA hai| digambara paramparA meM isa prakAra dekhatA hai - 1. hAtha pramANa kSetra meM pRthaktva AvalikA (7-8 AvalikA) kAla taka dekhatA hai, 2. gAU pramANa kSetra meM antarmuhUrta (sAdhika ucchAsa) kAla taka dekhatA hai, 3. yojana pramANa kSetra meM bhinnamuhUrta (ekasamaya kama muhUrta) kAla dekhatA hai, 4. 25 yojana kSetra meM divasaaMto (ekadivasa meM kucha kama) kAla taka dekhatA hai| (4) zvetAmbara paramparA meM avadhijJAna kA kSetra pramANAMgula se nApA jAtA hai| digambara paramparA meM avadhi ke kucha viSaya kSetra ko utsedhAMgula se aura kucha kSetra ko pramANAMgula se nApA jAtA hai| 478. zrAvako'pyavadhijJAnaM prApya dezaviratiM pratipadyata ityevaM n| kintu pUrvamabhyastadezaviratiguNaH pazcAdavadhiM pratipadyate, dezaviratyAdiguNaprAptipUrvakatvAdavadhijJAnapratipatterityetAvad gurubhyo'smAbhiravagatam / tattvaM tu kevalino vidanti / - vizeSAvazyabhASya maladhArI vRtti pR. 158

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paMcama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna [395] (5) zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra paryAya vRddhi meM dravyAdi kI vRddhi bhajanA se hotI hai| digambara paramparA ke anusAra paryAya kI vRddhi meM dravya kI bhI vRddhi niyama se hotI hai| (6) Avazyakaniyukti ke anusAra avadhijJAnI taijasa zarIra se prAraMbha hokara bhASAdravya taka jitane jitane dravyoM ko dekhatA huA Age bar3hatA hai, vaha kSetra se asaMkhyAta dvIpa-samudra aura kAla se palyopama kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga uttarottara adhika dekhatA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra jo avadhijJAnI taijasa zarIra ke pudgaloM ko dekhatA hai, to vaha kAla se bhava pRthaktva (2-9 bhavoM) ko dekhatA hai, usa bhava pRthaktva ke madhya kisI bhava meM yadi use avadhijJAna utpanna huA ho to usa avadhijJAna se dRSTa pUrvabhavoM kI use smRti hotI hai, unakA sAkSAt nahIM hotaa| (7) vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra audArika Adi ATha vargaNAeM jIva ke grahaNa yogya haiM tathA dhruva Adi caudaha vargaNAeM jIva ke agrahaNa yogya haiM, isa prakAra kula vargaNAeM 22 hotI hai| jabaki gommaTasAra meM 23 prakAra kI vargaNA batAI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya ATha vargaNAoM meM se pAMca hI mAnya hai| audArika, vaikriya aura AhAraka ina tIna vargaNAoM ke sthAna para eka AhAra vargaNA kahI gaI hai aura zvAsocchvAsa vargaNA ko nahIM liyA gayA hai| isa prakAra ATha kI apekSA pAMca hI vargaNA ginI hai| (8) zvetAmbara paramparA meM paramAvadhijJAna hI avadhijJAna kI carama sImA hai| jabaki digambara paramparA meM paramAvadhi ke bAda avadhijJAna kI sarvotkRSTa sImA sarvAvadhi hai (9) prajJApanAsUtra ke tetIsaveM pada (avadhipada) meM pratyeka naraka ke nairayikoM kA jaghanya avadhi pramANa svayaM ke utkRSTa pramANa se AdhA gAU (1/2) kama hai, jaise ki pahalI nArakI kA jaghanya sAr3he tIna gAU aura utkRSTa cAra gAU, isa prakAra anya nArakI kA bhI samajha lenA caahie| lekina UMcA-nIcA aura tirache kA khulAsA nahIM kiyA hai| lekina akalaMka ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki yaha pramANa nIce kI ora kA hai| Upara kI ora kA pramANa svayaM ke narakAvAsa ke aMta taka hai aura tirachA pramANa asaMkhyAta kor3Akor3I yojana kA hai| lekina isa pramANa meM jaghanya aura utkRSTa kA bheda nahIM kiyA hai| (10) zvetAmbara granthoM meM nArakI kitane kAla kA bhUta-bhaviSya jAnatA hai, isakI spaSTatA nahIM hai| jabaki dhavalATIkA meM kAla pramANa kI spaSTatA karate hue kahate haiM ki ratnaprabhA nAraka kA utkRSTa kAlamAna muhUrta meM eka samaya adhika hai aura bAkI kI chaha pRthvioM ke nArakoM kA utkRSTa kAla pramANa antarmuhUrta hai| (11) zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhavanapati, vANavyaMtara aura jyotiSI ke avadhikSetra ke U~ce, nIce aura tirache kSetra kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| digambara paramparA meM akalaMka ne isakA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| (12) zvetAmbara paramparA meM saudharma Adi bAraha devalokoM kA hI ullekha hai, jabaki digambara paramparA meM solaha devalokoM kA ullekha hai| (13) Avazyakaniyukti meM navagraiveyaka ke vibhAga karake avadhi kA viSaya batAyA hai, jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama meM navagraiveyaka kA viSaya ekasAtha (chaThI nArakI taka) hI batAyA hai|

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[396] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana (14) Avazyakaniyukti aura bhASya meM nau anudiza devoM tathA unake avadhi kSetra kA varNana nahIM hai| jabaki dhavalATIkA meM nau anudiza devoM kA ullekha karate hue inakA bhI avadhi kSetra batAyA hai| (15) lokanAlI kA sabhI devalokoM ke sAtha sambandha jor3anA cAhie, aisA varNana Avazyaka niyukti. vizeSAvazyakabhASya Adi meM prApta nahIM hotA hai| jabaki dhavalATIkA lokanAlI antardIpaka hai, aisA jAnakara usako sabhI ke sAtha jor3anA caahie| (16) zvetAmbara paramparA meM kalpavAsI devoM ke jaghanya aura utkRSTa kSetra kA spaSTa rUpa se ullekha nahIM hai| jabaki digambara paramparA meM kalpavAsI devoM ke avadhijJAna ke kSetra kA jaghanya aura utkRSTa kI dRSTi se spaSTa rUpa se ullekha milatA hai| (17) zvetAmbara paramparA meM avadhijJAna ke bAhya saMsthAnoM kA varNana hai, jabaki digambara paramparA meM avadhijJAna ke saMsthAna zarIragata batAye haiN| (18) zvetAmbara paramparA meM AnugAmika-anAnugAmika (naMdIsUtra meM) avadhijJAna ke prabheda digambara paramparA meM varNita bhedoM se bhinna haiN| (19) zvetAmbara paramparA meM avasthita avadhijJAna kI vicAraNA kSetra, upayoga aura labdhi ke AdhAra se kI gaI hai, jabaki digambara paramparA meM avasthita avadhijJAna kI vicAraNA sAmAnya rUpa se kI gaI hai| (20) zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anusAra dravya meM do prakAra kI vRddhi aura hAni hotI hai, jabaki digambara mAnyatA ke anusAra dravya meM bhI vRddhi aura hAni cAra prakAra se hotI hai| (21) zvetAmbara paramparA meM jisa avadhijJAna meM vicAroM ke prazasta hone para vRddhi hotI hai, vaha vardhamAna avadhijJAna hai aura vicAroM ke aprazasta hone para hAni hotI hai, vaha hIyamAna avadhijJAna hai| vardhamAna avadhijJAna kevalajJAna kI utpatti taka bar3hatA rahe, aisA ullekha nahIM hai| digambara paramparA meM vardhamAna avadhijJAna ke lakSaNa meM do bAteM vizeSa hai - 1. jo utpatti se prati samaya avasthAna binA vRddhi ko prApta hotA rahatA hai| 2. kevalajJAna kI prApti ho vahA~ taka kramaza: vRddhi hotI hai| hIyamAna avadhijJAna utpanna ho kara vRddhi aura avasthAna ke binA ni:zeSa vinaSTa hone taka ghaTatA hI jAtA hai| (22) avadhijJAna kI tIvratA aura maMdatA kA varNana prApta hotA hai, sAtha hI spardhaka avadhijJAna kA varNana bhI prApta hotA hai| jabaki digambara paramparA meM avadhijJAna kI tIvratA aura maMdatA kA varNana prApta nahIM hotA hai aura spardhaka avidhajJAna kA bhI varNana prApta nahIM hotA hai| (23) jinabhadragaNi ne dravya-kSetra-kAla aura bhAva saMbaMdhI bAhya viSaya ke avadhijJAna kI prApti meM eka samaya meM utpAda (utpanna honA), pratipAta (naSTa honA) aura utpAda-pratipAta ke mAdhyama se bAhya aura AbhyataMra avadhijJAna kA varNana kiyA hai| digambara paramparA meM aisA varNana upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| (24) zvetAmbara graMthoM meM saMbaddha aura asaMbaddha avadhijJAna kA varNana prApta hotA hai| digambara graMthoM meM saMbaddha aura asaMbaddha avadhijJAna kA varNana prApta nahIM hotA hai| (25) zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra avadhijJAnI dravyoM kI ananta paryAyoM ko jAnate haiN| digambara paramparA ke anusAra avadhijJAnI dravyoM kI asaMkhyAta paryAyoM ko hI jAnate haiN|

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SaSTha adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM mana:paryavajJAna nyAyadarzana, vaizeSikadarzana, yogadarzana, bauddhadarzana aura jaina darzana meM atIndriya pratyakSa kA varNana prApta hotA hai, kintu jainAgamoM meM jitanA vistRta varNana avadhijJAna aura mana:paryavajJAna svarUpa atIndriya pratyakSa kA huA hai utanA anya kisI bhI darzana meM prApta nahIM hotA hai| gata adhyAya meM avadhijJAna para vicAra karane ke pazcAt isa adhyAya meM dUsare atIndriya pratyakSa mana:paryavajJAna kA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai| mana:paryavajJAna meM 'mana' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isakA artha huA ki kisI na kisI rUpa meM mana isa jJAna meM sahAyaka hai| ataH isa jJAna ke svarUpa ko samajhane se pahale mana kA svarUpa samajhanA hogaa| mana ke svarUpa kA varNana 'jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya' meM kara diyA gayA hai| manaHparyavajJAna ke vAcaka zabda ___bhagavatIsUtra', samavAyAMgasUtra, anuyogadvArasUtra', Avazyakaniyukti, SaTkhaNDAgama , vizeSAvazyakabhASya' aura naMdIsUtra Adi meM mana:paryava jJAna ke lie "maNapajava" zabda kA prayoga huA hai| uttarAdhyana sUtra meM "maNaNANa" kA prayoga huA hai| umAsvAti ne 'mana:paryAya' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| jabaki pUjyapAda ne 'manaHparyaya' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| isa prakAra manaHparyava, mana:paryaya aura mana:paryAya ina tIna zabdoM kA prayoga mana:paryavajJAna ke lie hone lgaa| bAda ke samaya meM saMskRta aura prAkRta sAhitya meM inake alAvA naye zabda kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| pUjyapAda ke bAda ke AcAryoM ne ina tInoM zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA to kucha AcAryoM ne do yA eka zabda kA prayoga kiyaa| jinabhadra, jinadAsagaNi aura malayagiri ne tInoM zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| haribhadra ne mana:paryava aura mana:paryAya ina do zabdoM kA aura upAdhyAya yazovijaya ne mana:paryAya aura mana:paryava' zabda kA upayoga kiyA hai| akalaMka, vidyAnaMda evaM dhavalATIkAkAra vIrasena ne pUjyapAda kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| 1. dvitIya adhyAya (jJAnamImAMsA : sAmAnya paricaya), pR. 89-101 2. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 8, uddezaka 2, pR. 251 3. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, samavAyAMga sUtra, samavAya 81, pR. 140 4. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, anuyogadvArasUtra, pR. 3 5. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 1, pR. 12 6. maNapajavaNANAvaraNIyasya kammassa kevaDiyAo pyddiio| -SaTakhaNDAgama sUtra 5.5.60 7. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 79 8. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 24 9. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, adhyayana 28, gAthA 4 10. sAhacaryAttasya paryayaNaM parigamanaM mn:pryyH| - sarvArthasiddhi, pRSTha naM. 67-68 11. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 83 pR. 47, naMdIcUrNi pR. 20-21, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 65-66 12. haribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 22 13. jJAnArNava, pR.18 14. jainatarkabhASA, pR. 24 15. tattvArtharAjavArtika, adhyayana 1, sUtra 9,23,25,28, dhavalATIkA, bhAga 13, pR. 212, 328, tattvArthazlokavArtika, adhyayana 1, sUtra 9,23,25,28

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[398] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana manaHparyavajJAna kA lakSaNa mana:paryava jJAna kA jo svarUpa TIkA, bhASya Adi sAhitya meM prApta hotA hai, vaha saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai - zvetAmbara AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM manaHparyavajJAna kA lakSaNa 1. Avazyaka niyuktikAra ke anusAra - manaHparyavajJAna saMjJIpaMcendriya ke manazcintita artha ko prakaTa karatA hai| 2. jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke mantavyAnusAra - mana ke viSaya athavA mana saMbaMdhI paryayana, paryavana athavA paryAya athavA usa (mana) ke paryAya Adi kA jJAna mana:paryava kahalAtA hai|" 3. AvazyakacUrNi ke anusAra - jisa jJAna ke utpanna hone para muni manuSya kSetra ke saMjJI jIvoM ke mana:prAyogya manarUpa meM pariNata manodravyoM ko jAnatA hai, vaha mana:paryavajJAna hai| 4. siddhasenagaNi ke anusAra - manaHparyaya arthAt mana ke vicaar| mana:paryaya aura manaHparyava ye donoM zabda eka hI artha ke vAcaka haiN| saMjJI jIva kisI bhI kArya kA yA vastu-padArtha kA mana se ciMtana karatA hai, usI samaya cintanIya padArtha ke prakAra bheda ke anusAra cintana kArya kI pravRtti meM pravartamAna huA mana bhI pRthak-pRthak arthAt bhinna-bhinna AkRti vAlA hotA hai| ve AkRtiyA~ mana kI paryAya haiM, una paryAyoM ko pratyakSa sAkSAt jAnane vAle kA jJAna, mana:paryaya jJAna yA mana:paryava jJAna kahalAtA hai| 5. vAdidevasUri ke matAnusAra - jo jJAna saMyama kI viziSTa zuddhi se utpanna hotA hai, tathA mana:paryAya jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se utpanna hotA hai aura mana sambandhI bAta ko jAna letA hai, use mana:paryAya jJAna kahate haiN| yahA~ saMyama kI vizuddhatA mana:paryava jJAna kA bahiraMga kAraNa hai aura mana:paryavajJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama antaraMga kAraNa hai| 6. hemacandra ke kathanAnusAra -dravya mana ke ciMtana ke anurUpa jo nAnA prakAra ke paryAya hote haiM, unheM jAnane vAlA jJAna mana:paryAya jJAna kahalAtA hai| 7. yazovijaya ke matAnusAra - manaHparyAya pratyakSa vaha hai jo mAtra manogata vividha avasthAoM kA sAkSAtkAra kare 8. naMdIsUtra ke vyAkhyAkAra AtmArAmajI mahArAja ke anusAra - saMjJI jIva kisI bhI vastu kA cintana-manana mana se hI karate haiN| mana ke cintanIya pariNAmoM ko jisa jJAna se pratyakSa kiyA jAtA hai, use manaHparyAya jJAna kahate haiN| jaba mana kisI bhI vastu kA cintana karatA hai, taba cintanIya vastu 16. maNapajavanANaM puNa, jnnmnnpriciNtiytthpaagddnnN| - Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 76 17. pajjavaNaM pajjayaNaM pajjAo vA maNammi maNaso vo| tassa va pajAyAdinnANaM maNapajjavaM naannN| vizeSA0 bhASya gAthA, 83, pR. 47 18. jeNa uppaNNeNa NANeNa maNussakhette sannijIvehiM maNapAtoggANi davvANi maNNijamANANi jANati taM maNapajjavaNANaM bhannati / - AvazyakacUrNi 1 pR. 71 19. mana:paryAyaH, mana iti ca manovargaNA jIvena manyamAnA dravyavizeSA ucyante, tasya manasaH paryAyAH-pariNAmavizeSAH mana:paryAyAH, manasi vA paryAyAH, teSu manaHparyAyeSu yajjJAnaM tnmnHpryaayjnyaanmiti| - sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra, pR. 101 20.saMyamavizuddhinibaMdhanAd viziSTAvaraNavicchedAjjAtaM manodravyaparyAyAlambanaM mnHpryaayjnyaanm|-prmaannnytttvaalok sUtra. 2.22, pR. 23 21. manaso dravyarUpasya paryAyAzcintanAnuguNApariNAmabhedAstadviSayaM jJAnaM mn:pryaayH|-prmaannmiimaaNsaa pR. 35 22. jJAnabinduprakaraNam, pR. 41

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SaSTha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM manaHparyavajJAna [399] ke bhedAnusAra cintana kArya meM pravRtta mana bhI taraha-taraha kI AkRtiyA~ dhAraNa karatA hai| basa ve hI kriyAeM mana kI paryAya haiN| mana aura mAnasika AkAra-prakAra ko pratyakSa karane kI zakti avadhi jJAna meM bhI hai, kintu mana kI kriyAoM ke pIche jo bhAva haiM, unheM manaHparyava jJAna hI pratyakSa karane kI zakti rakhatA hai, avadhijJAna nhiiN| digambara AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM manaHparyavajJAna kA lakSaNa 1. pUjyapAda ke anusAra - dusare ke manogata artha ko mana kahate haiN| sAhacarya se usakA paryaya arthAt parigamana karane vAlA jJAna mana:paryaya kahalAtA hai| 2. amRtacandrasUri ke vacanAnusAra "parakIya mana:syArthajJAnamanyAnapekSayA" anya padArthoM kI apekSA binA dUsare ke mana meM sthita padArtha ko jAnanA, mana:paryAya jJAna hai| 3. yogIndudeva ke anusAra - vIryAntarAya aura mana:paryayajJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama tathA aMgopAMga nAmakarma kA udaya hone para dUsare ke manogata artha ko jAnane ko manaHparyayajJAna kahate haiN| 4. akalaMka ke matAnusAra - vIryAntarAya aura manaHparyayajJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se tadanukUla aGga-upAGgoM kA nirmANa hone para apane aura dUsare ke mana kI apekSA se hone vAlA jJAna mana:paryava kahalAtA hai 5. vIrasenAcArya ke anusAra - parakIya mana ko prApta hue artha kA nAma mana hai, aura usakI paryAyoM arthAt vizeSoM kA nAma paryAya hai, unheM jo jAnatA hai, vaha mana:paryAya hai| 6. nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ke kathanAnusAra - jisakA pUrva meM cintana kiyA thA, athavA jisakA AgAmIkAla meM cintana karegA, athavA jisakA pUrNarUpase ciMtana nahIM kiyA, ityAdi aneka prakAra kA jo artha dUsare ke mana meM sthita hai, usako jo jJAna jAnatA hai, vaha manaHparyaya kahA jAtA hai| dUsare ke mana meM sthita artha mana huA, use jo jAnatA hai, vaha mana:paryaya hai| isa jJAna kI utpatti aura pravRtti manuSyakSetra meM hI hotI hai, usake bAhara nhii| manaHparyavajJAna ke vAcaka zabdoM se niSpanna lakSaNa pajjavaNaM pajjayaNaM pajjAo vA maNammi maNaso vo| tassa va pajjAyAdinnANaM maNapajjavaM naannN| 1. mana:paryava - 'pajjaNaM ti' 'ava gatyAdiSu' iti vacanAdavanaM gamanaM vedanamityavaH, pariH sarvatobhAve, paryavanaM samantAt paricchedanaM paryavaH / manasi manodravyasamudAye grAhye, manaso vA grAhyasya sanbandhI paryavo mana:paryavaH, sa cAsau jJAnaM mn:pryvjnyaanm|' arthAt 'avana' (ava) kA artha 23. naMdIsUtra, AtmArAmajI mahArAja, pR. 63 24. parakIya manogato'rtho mana ityuccte| sAhacaryAttasya paryayaNaM parigamane mn:pryy| - sarvArthasiddhi, pR. 67-68 25. tattvArthasAra, prathama adhikAra, gAthA 28, pR. 13 26. tattvArthavRtti sUtra 1.23, pR. 48 27. vIryAntarAyamana:paryayajJAnAvaraNa -kSayopazamAGgopAGganAmalAbhopaSTaMbhAdAtmIyaparakIyamanaHsambandhena labdhavRttirUpayogo manaHparyayaH / - tattvArtharAjavArtika a.1, sUtra 1.23.3, pR. 58 28. parakIyamanogato'rthoM manaH manasaH paryAyAH vizeSAH manaH paryayA tAn jAnAtIti mn:pryyjnyaanm| -dhavalATIkA, pu. 13, pR. 212 29. ciMtiyamaciMtiyaM vA addhaM ciNtymnnybheygyN| maNapajjavaM ti uccai jaM jANai taM khu nnrloe| - gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa, gAthA 438, pR. 664 30. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA, 83, pR. 47 31. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 83 kI bRhadvRtti, pR. 47

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[400] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana gamana, jJAna, vedana hotA hai| pari upasarga sarvatobhAva artha meM prayoga huA hai| 'ava' dhAtu gati Adi artha meM prayukta hotI hai| isalie pari+avana kA artha huA sampUrNa rUpa se jaannaa| mana meM hone vAlA athavA mana ke paryava mana:paryava hai arthAt sarvathA manodravya kA pariccheda manaHparyava hai| jo manodravya ko jAnatA hai, vaha mana:paryavajJAna hai| jinadAsagaNi aura malayagiri ne bhI aisI hI vyutpatti mana:paryava jJAna ke lie dI hai| 2. manaHparyaya - 'aya vaya maya' ityAdidaNDakadhAtuH ayanaM gamanaM vedanamityayaH pariH sarvatobhAve, paryayanaM sarvataH paricchedanaM pryyH| manasi grAhye, manaso vA grAhyasya sambandhI paryayo mana:paryayaH, sa cAsau jJAnaM mn:pryyjnyaanm| arthAt paryayanam meM aya, vaya, maya Adi daNDaka dhAtupATha meM varNita 'aya' dhAtu se ayana (aya) zabda banatA hai| yaha bhI gamana, jJAna, vedana Adi artha meM prayukta hotA hai| 'pari' upasarga yahA~ bhI sampUrNa artha meM hai| grAhya mana meM yA mana kI utpanna hone vAlI paryaya mana:paryaya kahalAtI hai| umAsvAti, jinadAsagaNi aura malayagiri ne bhI aisI hI vyutpatti mana:paryava jJAna ke lie dI hai| athavA mana: pratItya prati sandhAya vA jJAnam athavA pari samantAt ayaH vizeSaH paryayaH manasaH paryayaH mana:paryaya. manaHparyayasya jJAnaM mnHpryyjnyaanm| arthAt 'paryaya' meM pari zabda kA artha saba ora aura aya zabda kA artha vizeSa hai, mana kA paryaya manaHparyaya aura manaHparyaya kA jJAna mana:paryayajJAna / vidyAnanda ke anusAra manasaH paryavaNaM yasmAttadvA yena priiyte| 3. manaHparyAya - 'iN gatau' ayanaM, Aya: lAbhaH, prAptiriti paryAyAH paristathaiva, samantAdAya: pryaayH| manasi grAhye, manaso vA grAhyasya sanbandhI paryAyo manaHparyAyaH, sa cAsau jJAnaM mn:pryaayjnyaanm| arthAt 'iN gatau' gati arthaka dhAtu se Aya zabda banatA hai| jaise pari+Aya-paryAya bnegaa| paryAya-ayana, lAbha prApti artha meM hai, arthAt sampUrNa rUpa se hone vAlI Aya paryAya kahalAtI hai| isa prakAra mana meM hone vAlI paryAya athavA mana kI paryAya jJAna rUpa hone se mana:paryAya kahalAtI hai| jinadAsagaNi aura malayagiri ne bhI aisI hI vyutpatti mana:paryava jJAna ke lie dI hai| uparyukta vyutpattiyoM ke anusAra mana:paryavajJAna ke vAcaka tInoM zabdoM ke artha meM koI antara nahIM hai| inakA samAhAra maladhArI hemacandra ne isa prakAra kiyA hai| usa grAhya mana ke sambandhI yA mana meM hone vAle bAhya vastu ke ciMtana rUpa jo paryAya, paryava yA paryaya haiM, unakA yA unameM isa vyakti dvArA yaha aura isa prakAra socA gayA hai, isa rUpa meM jo jJAna hai, vaha mana:paryAyajJAna, manaHparyavajJAna athavA mana:paryayajJAna hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki mana:paryavajJAnI jisa jIva ke mana kI paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai, ve paryAyeM usa jIva ke mana meM hone vAle cintana guNa svarUpa hotI haiN| una paryAyoM ke AdhAra para mana:paryAyajJAnI jAnatA hai ki usa jIva ke dvArA aisA socA gayA hai| uparyukta sabhI 32. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 20-21, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 66 33. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 83 kI TIkA, pR. 47 34. prazamarati, bhAga 2, AcArya bhadragupta pR. 58,59, naMdIcUrNi, pR. 20-21, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 66 35. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.9.4, pR. 32 36. dhavalATIkA bhAga 13, pR. 328 37. tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.23.14, pR. 246 38. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 83 kI bRhadvRtti, pR. 47 39. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 20-21, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 66 40. tasya manaso grAhyasya sambandhino bAhyavastu-cintanAnuguNA ye paryAyAH paryavAH paryayAsteSAM teSu vA 'idamitthaMbhUtamanena cintitam' ityevaMrUpaM jJAnaM mana:paryAyajJAnaM, mana:paryavajJAnaM, mn:pryyjnyaanN|- vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 83 kI TIkA, pR. 47

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SaSTha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM manaHparyavajJAna [401] lakSaNoM kA sAra yahI hai ki sabhI graMthakAroM, vyAkhyAkAroM, vizleSakoM ne kisI na kisI rUpa meM mana kI paryAyoM ko indriya aura anindriya kI sahAyatA ke binA sIdhe AtmA se jAnane ko hI mana:paryAya jJAna ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| manaHparyavajJAna aura matijJAna SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra manaHparyavajJAnI apane mana se dUsare ke mAnasa ko jAnakara usameM saMjJA Adi kA jJAna karatA hai| isase yahA~ eka svAbhAvika prazna upasthita hotA hai ki jaise mana aura cakSu Adi ke saMbaMdha se matijJAna hotA hai, vaise hI mana:paryavajJAna meM bhI mana kA saMbaMdha hone para hone vAle jJAna ko mano-matijJAna kyoM nahIM kaha sakate haiM? isa prazna kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki mana:paryavajJAna meM apane mana kI apekSA to isalie hotI hai ki mana meM rahe Atma-pradezoM meM mana:paryavajJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama hotA hai| jisa prakAra zukla pakSa kI ekama-bIja kA candramA sAmAnya puruSa ko nahIM dikhatA hai lekina buddhimAna puruSa usI candramA ko vRkSa kI do zAkhAoM yA do bAdaloM ke bIca meM se dekha letA hai| maiMne AkAza meM candra dekhA hai, aisA kahane meM AtA hai| candrajJAna meM AkAza, zAkhA yA bAdala sahAyaka mAtra hote haiN| isalie candrajJAna meM AkAza Adi bAhya kAraNa (nimitta) haiM, mukhya (preraka) kAraNa nahIM haiN| (mukhya kAraNa to AtmA hai|) isa kAraNa se vaha matijJAna nahIM kahalAtA hai| jisa prakAra cakSu meM rahe hue AtmapradezoM kA avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke rUpa meM kSayopazama hone para cakSu kI apekSA mAtra hone se avadhijJAna ko matijJAna nahIM kahate haiM, isI prakAra svayaM ke mana meM rahe hue AtmapradezoM kA manaHparyayAvaraNa ke kSayopazama ke kAraNa vaha mana:paryavajJAna hI kahalAtA hai, matijJAna nahIM, kyoMki vaha indriya aura mana se utpanna nahIM huA hai athavA manaHparyavajJAna meM svayaM yA dUsare ke mana kA avalambana lekara pratyakSa jJAna kiyA jAtA hai| isameM mana kI kevala apekSA mAtra hone se mana, mana:paryavajJAna kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA hai| mAnasa matijJAna to mana ke dvArA hI hotA hai| lekina manaHparyavajJAna meM mana kA sahayoga mAtra rahatA hai| isalie manaHparyavajJAna meM apekSA mAtra se sahAyaka bhUta ho rahe mana ko mAnasa matijJAna ke samAna mana:paryavajJAna kA mukhya kAraNa nahIM mAnanA caahie| uparyukta kathana kA tAtparya hai ki matijJAna meM to svayaM ke mana ke dvArA vicAra hotA hai, isalie vahA~ mana mukhya sAdhana hai| jabaki mana:paryavajJAna meM dUsare ke mana meM sthita manovargaNA ke pudgala dekhakara vastu kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai, jisameM mana kI apekSA mAtra hotI hai| isalie manaHparyavajJAna matijJAna rUpa nahIM hai| isa sambandha meM kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA kA mAnanA hai ki matijJAna meM mana se saMbadhita avagraha, IhA Adi hotI hai| matijJAna meM svayaM ke dvArA saMcAlita mAnasika kriyAeM, saMkalpa-vikalpa, ciMtanamanana hotA hai| isameM jIva mana ko saMcAlana karane vAlA, kartA-bhoktA hotA hai| manaHparyAya jJAna meM sAdhaka apanI ora se kucha bhI ciMtana-manana, saMkalpa-vikalpa nahIM karatA hai| mana se asaMga va taTastha rahatA hai| 41. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.63, 71, pR. 330, 340 42. sarvArthasiddhi 1.23, pR. 92, tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.23.4, pR. 58 tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.23.9 se 11, pR. 24 43. bandha tattva, pR. 25

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[402] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana manaHparyavajJAna aura anumAna jisa prakAra dhUma ko dekhakara agni kA jJAna anumAna se kiyA jAtA hai, vaise hI mana:paryavajJAnI dUsare ke dravyamana kI paryAyoM ko dekhakara vastu ko anumAna se jAnatA hai| isalie mana:paryavajJAna bhI anumAna kA hI eka bheda hai| yadi koI aisI zaMkA kare to isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki mana:paryavajJAna aura anumAna donoM bhinna-bhinna svabhAvavAle haiN| jo anumAna se jAnegA vaha indriyoM se hetu ko dekhakara yA paropadeza se hetu ko jAnakara hI jAnegA, isalie parokSa hai| isake viparIta manaHparyavajJAna meM na to indriyoM kI apekSA rahatI hai aura na hI paropadeza kI, kyoMki mana:paryavajJAna meM pratyakSa kA lakSaNa ghaTita hotA hai aura manaHparyavajJAna meM mana kI apekSA mAtra hotI hai| jisa jJAna meM indriya aura mana kI apekSA nahIM hotI evaM jo avyabhicArI hai aura sAkAra grahaNa hotA hai, vaha pratyakSa hai| mana:paryavajJAna meM Upara jo pratyakSa kA lakSaNa diyA hai vaha ghaTita hotA hai tathA pratyakSajJAna AtmA se utpanna hotA hai| ataH anumAna parokSa jJAna aura mana:paryavajJAna pratyakSa jJAna hai, isase dono kI bhinnatA spaSTa hai| manaHparyavajJAna aura zruta vIrasenAcArya ne 'maNeNa' kA artha matijJAna karake mana:paryAyajJAna ke pUrva meM matijJAna kA astitva svIkAra kiyA hai| yadi "maipuvvaM jeNa suyaM, na maI suapuvviaa| 146 isa siddhAMta ke anusAra mati ke bAda zrutajJAna kA krama hotA hai, to isase mati (mana) ke bAda meM prApta hone se manaHparyAya ko zrutajJAna kahanA caahie| isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki zrutajJAna parokSa hai| jabaki, mana:paryAya jJAna pratyakSa hai| isalie mana:paryAya ko zruta nahIM mAna sakate haiN| manaHparyavajJAna kI prApti se pUrva avadhijJAna kI AvazyakatA hai yA nahIM avadhijJAna bhI eka prakAra kI Rddhi hai| isalie kucha AcAryoM ne mana:paryava jJAna kI prApti se pUrva avadhijJAna kI anivAryatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| naMdIcUrNi meM isa mAnyatA kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| haribhadrasUri naMdIvRtti meM isa sambandha meM mauna rahe haiN| lekina malayagiri ne isa mAnyatA kA khaNDana kiyA hai|' siddhaprAbhRta Adi graMthoM ke anusAra binA avadhijJAna ke mana:paryava jJAna ho sakatA hai| malayagiri ke bAda ke AcAryoM ne bhI isa mata kA samarthana kiyA hai| kyoMki AgamoM meM bhI isI mata kA ullekha hai| jaiseki "bhagavan ! jIva jJAnI hai yA ajJAnI? uttara - gautama! jIva jJAnI bhI hai aura ajJAnI bhI hai| jo jIva jJAnI hai, unameM se kucha jIva do jJAna vAle haiM, kucha jIva tIna jJAna vAle hai, kucha jIva cAra jJAna vAle haiM aura kucha jIva eka jJAna vAle haiN| jo do jJAna vAle haiM ve 44. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.23.6-7, pR. 58, tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.23.12 pR. 24 45. maNeNa mdinnaannenn| -SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalATIkA), bhAga 13, sUtra 5.5.63, pR. 332 46. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 70 47. dhavalATIkA, pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.71, pR. 341 48. pravacanasAroddhAra, dvAra 270 gAthA 1492 49. ahavA ohinANiNo maNapajjavamANaM uppajjati tti aNNe niyama bhnnNti| -naMdIcUrNi, pR. 37 50. anya tvavadhiRddhau niymmbhiddhti| - hAribhadriya naMdIvRtti, pR. 38 51. anye tvavadhyuddhiprAptasyaivetiniyamamAcakSate, tadayuktaM, siddhaprAbhRtAdAvavadhimantareNApi mana:paryAyajJAnasyAnekazo'bhidhAnAt / - malayagiri naMdIvRtti, pR. 107, paMkti 17

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SaSTha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM manaHparyavajJAna [403] matijJAnI aura zrutajJAnI hote haiN| jo tIna jJAna vAle haiM, ve AbhinibodhikajJAnI, zrutajJAnI aura avadhijJAnI haiM, athavA AbhinibodhikajJAnI, zrutajJAnI aura mana:paryavajJAnI hai, jo cAra jJAna vAle haiM ve AbhinibodhikajJAnI, zrutajJAnI, avadhijJAnI aura manaHparyavajJAnI hote haiN| jo eka jJAna vAle haiM, ve niyamataH kevalajJAnI haiN|''52 maladhArI hemacandra ne bhI isI prakAra kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa prakAra Agama se spaSTa siddha hotA hai ki mana:paryavajJAna se pUrva avadhijJAna kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki binA avadhijJAna ke bhI mati-zruta jJAna ke bAda manaHparyavajJAna ho sakatA hai| manaHparyavajJAna aura avadhijJAna kI abhinnatA evaM bhinnatA avadhijJAna aura manaHparyAyajJAna ke sambandha meM jaina paramparA meM do pakSa milate haiN| Agama, niyukti, naMdI, SaTkhaNDAgama aura tattvArtha kI paramparA meM avadhijJAna aura mana:paryAyajJAna ko bhinna jJAna kahA hai| jabaki siddhasena divAkara Adi kucha AcAryoM ne donoM jJAnoM ko abhinna mAnA hai| kyoMki jisa prakAra avadhijJAna kA viSaya rUpI dravya hai vaise hI manovargaNA ke skaMdha bhI rUpI dravya haiN| isa prakAra donoM kA viSaya eka hI bana jAtA hai| isalie mana:paryavajJAna avadhijJAna kA eka avAntara bheda pratIta hotA hai| donoM meM abheda kI paramparA siddhAMtavAdiyoM ko mAnya nahIM thI, isalie umAsvAti ne avadhijJAna aura manaHparyavajJAna meM saMbhavataH sarvaprathama bhinnatA ke kAraNa die| unhoMne vizuddhi, kSetra, svAmI aura viSaya ke AdhAra para donoM ko bhinna siddha kiyA hai| Avazyakaniyukti aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI apekSA avadhijJAna aura mana:paryavajJAna meM samAnatA aura asamAnatA isa prakAra se hai - 1. donoM rUpI dravya ko jAnane vAle haiM, 2. donoM kSayopazamabhAva se utpanna hote haiM 3. donoM pratyakSa jJAna haiN| isa prakAra avadhijJAna aura mana:paryavajJAna meM samAnatA hote hue bhI manaHparyavajJAna, avadhijJAna se svAmI Adi ke bheda se viziSTa hai| viSaya kI apekSA se manaHparyavajJAna manuSya kSetra arthAt DhAI dvIpa meM rahe hue sannI paMcendriya jIvoM ke mana meM ciMtana kie gae artha ko jAnatA hai, lekina isa kSetra se bAhara rahe hue prANiyoM ke dvArA ciMtana kie gaye artha ko nahIM jAna pAtA hai| manaHparyavajJAna guNapratyaya hote hue bhI kSamA Adi se viziSTa guNoM se yukta Rddhi prApta apramatta cAritra vAle saMyata ko hI hotA hai, anya ko nhiiN| isI prakAra anya AcAryoM ne avadhijJAna aura mana:paryavajJAna meM abhinnatA-bhinnatA ko siddha kiyA hai, jisakA varNana isa prakAra hai - 52. jIvA NaM bhaMte ! kiM nANI, annANI? goyamA ! jIvA nANI vi, annANI vi| je nANI te atthegatiyA dunnANI, atthegatiyA tinnANI, atthegatiyA caunANI, atthegatiyA egnaannii| je dunnANI te AbhiNibohiyanANI ya suyanAyI y| je tinnANI te AbhiNibohiyanANI suyanAyI ohinANI, ahavA AbhiNibohiyanANI suyanAyI mnnpjjvnaannii| je cauNANI te AbhiNibohiyanANI suyanAyI ohiNANI mnnpjjvnnaannii| je eganANI te niyamA kevlnaannii| -bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 8, uddezaka 2, pR. 254-255 53. ya yataH zreNidvaye vartamAnAnAmavedakAnAmakaSAyANAM ca keSAMcidavadhijJAnamutpadyate, yeSAM cAnutpannAvadhijJAnAnAM mati-zrutacAritrAvatAM prathamameva manaHparyAyajJAnamutpadyate, te mana:paryAyajJAnino'pi kecit pazcAdavadhijJAnasya pratipattAro bhvnti| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti, gAthA 777-778, pR. 331 54. prArthanApratighAtAbhyAM ceSTante dvIndriyAdayaH / manaHparyAyavijJAnaM yuktaM teSu na caanythaa| - nizcayanaya dvAtriMzikA, zloka 17 55. vizuddhikSetrasvAmi-viSayebhyo'vadhijJAnaH paryAyayoH / tattvArthadhigama sUtra 1.26, tattvArtharAjavArtika sUtra 1.25 56. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 76, vizeSAvAzyakabhASya, gAthA 810-812

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[404] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana avadhijJAna aura manaHparyavajJAna kI abhinnatA siddhasena divAkara Adi kucheka AcArya avadhi aura manaH paryAya jJAna ko abhinna mAnate haiN| isake lie unake dvArA prastuta tarkoM ko upAdhyAya yazovijaya ne jJAnabindu meM prastuta kiyA hai| 1. bAhya ghaTAdi arthoM ke AkAra ke anumApaka manodravya ko grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna eka vizeSa prakAra kA avadhijJAna hI hai| 2. apramatta saMyata se utpanna hone ke kAraNa yaha avadhijJAna meM hI samAviSTa hotA hai| 3. mana:paryAya jJAna kA svayaM kA darzana nahIM hai, isa paristhiti meM donoM jJAna abhinna mAnane se manaHparyava ke lie ullekhita 'pazyati' ko avadhidarzana ke sAtha jor3a sakate haiN| 4. sUtra meM jJAna kI saMkhyA pAMca hai| lekina isa vyavasthA rUpa cAra kI saMkhyA hone para sUtra ke sAtha koI virodha nahIM AtA hai| kAraNa ki jaise vyavahAra meM bhASA ke aneka prakAra hote haiM, lekina nizcaya naya se do prakAra kI bhASAoM (asatya, satya) kA hI prayoga hotA hai| isI prakAra nizcayanaya se jJAna kI saMkhyA cAra svIkAra karane meM koI virodha nahIM hai| mana:paryavajJAna mAtra saMkalpa-vikalpa meM pariNata dravyoM ko hI grahaNa karatA hai| isalie usako avadhijJAna se pRthak mAnanA cAhie, aisA jo durAgraha karate haiM to yaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki isase dvIndriyAdi jIvoM ko bhI samanaska mAnanA par3egA, kyoMki iSTa meM pravRtti aura aniSTa meM nivRtti hetu unameM bhI saMkalpa-vikalpa hotA hai| isa prakAra mana:paryavajJAna kI sImA kA vistAra karanA pdd'egaa| jo iSTa nahIM hai| kAraNa ki eka-do rupaye se vyakti dhanavAna nahIM hotA hai, vaise hI alpamana dhAraNa karane vAle ve jIva samanaska nahIM haiN| isa prakAra aneka dRSTiyoM se vicAra karane para vidita hotA hai avadhi aura mana:paryaya kI abhinnatA svIkAra karanA yukti saMgata hai| ina donoM kI abhinnatA ke sambandha meM anya tarka isa prakAra haiM - 1. chadmastha samAnatA - avadhijJAna jaise chadmamastha ko hotA hai, vaise hI mana:paryavajJAna bhI chadmastha ko hotA hai, donoM meM isa apekSA se samAnatA hai| 2. viSaya samAnatA - avadhijJAna kA viSaya jaise rUpI dravya hai, arUpI nahIM, vaise hI mana:paryavajJAna kA viSaya bhI manovargaNA ke pudgala haiN| 3. upAdAna kAraNa - avadhijJAna jaise kSAyopazamika hai, vaise hI mana:paryava jJAna bhI kSAyopazamika hai, isa apekSA se donoM samAna haiN| 4. pratyakSatA - avadhijJAna jaise vikalAdeza pAramArthika pratyakSa hai, vaise hI mana:paryava jJAna bhI hai| pratyakSa kI apekSA se bhI donoM samAna haiN| 5. saMsAra paribhramaNa - avajJijJAna se pratipAta hokara jaise utkRSTa dezona arddhapudgala parAvartana 57. navyAstu bAhyArthAkArAnumApakamanodravyAkAragrAhakaM jJAnamavadhivizeSa eva, apramattasaMyamavizeSajanyatAvacchedakajAte: avadhitvavyApyAyA eva kalpanAt dharmIti nyaayaat| itthaM hi 'jAnAti pazyati' ityanya dRzeravadhidarzanaviSayatvenaiva upapattau lakSaNAkalpanagauravamapi parihataM bhavati / sUtrabhedAbhidhAnaM ca dhrmbhedaabhipryaaym| - jJAnabinduprakaraNa, pR. 18 58. na caiva jJAnasya paJcavidhatvavibhAgocchedAt utsUtrApattiH, vyavahAratazcaturvidhatvena uktAyA api bhASAyA nizcayato dvaividhyAbhidhAnavannayavivekena utsUtrAbhAvAditi dik| - jJAnabinduprakaraNa, pR. 18 59. nizcayadvAtriMzikA kArikA 17, uddhRta jJAnabinduprakaraNa, pR. 18

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SaSTha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM mana:paryavajJAna [405] taka saMsAra meM raha sakatA hai, vaise hI mana:paryavajJAna ke viSaya meM bhI samajha lenA caahie| aisI kucha samAnatA malayagiri kRta naMdI kI TIkA meM bhI ullikhita hai| aisA hI varNana vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI gAthA 87 meM bhI milatA hai ".....chumtth-visybhaavaadisaamnnnnaa|" isa prakAra siddhasena divAkara Adi AcAryoM ne avadhijJAna aura manaHparyavajJAna meM abhinnatA ko siddha kiyA hai| arvAcIna vidvAnoM meM DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA kA bhI yahI mata hai| unake anusAra avadhijJAna aura mana:paryavajJAna meM koI antara nahIM, jisake AdhAra para donoM jJAna svataMtra siddha ho skeN| donoM meM eka hI jJAna kI do bhUmikAoM se adhika antara nahIM haiN| eka jJAna kama vizuddha hai, dUsarA jJAna adhika vizuddha hai| donoM ke viSayoM meM bhI samAnatA hI hai| kSetra aura svAmI kI dRSTi se bhI sImA kI nyUnAdhikatA hai| koI aisA maulika antara nahIM dikhatA, jisake kAraNa donoM ko svataMtra jJAna kahA jA ske| donoM jJAna AMzika Atma pratyakSa kI koTi meM haiN| mati aura zrutajJAna ke viSaya meM bhI yahI bAta kahI jA sakatI hai| lekina yaha mata Agama ke anukUla nahIM hai| Agama vAdI AcAryoM ne avadhijJAna aura mana:paryavajJAna ko bhinna hI svIkAra kiyA hai aura isake lie aneka hetu diye haiN| avadhijJAna aura manaHparyavajJAna meM bhinnatA kI siddhi isa pakSa ke umAsvAti Adi AcAryoM ne svAmI, vizuddhi, viSaya, dravya, kSetra aura bhAva kI apekSA se avadhijJAna evaM mana:paryavajJAna donoM meM bhinnatA siddha kI hai, jaiseki - ___1. svAmI - donoM ke svAmI chadmastha haiN| avadhijJAna ke svAmI naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura deva cAroM gatiyoM ke jIva hote haiN| avadhijJAna avirata samyagdRSTi, dezavirata zrAvaka aura sarvavirata sAdhu ko ho sakatA hai| yadi ajJAna-vibhaMga jJAna kI apekSA leM, to prathama guNasthAna vAle ko bhI utpanna ho sakatA hai, parantu mana:paryAyajJAna to niyama se manuSyagati meM hI hotA hai tathA manuSya gati meM bhI saMyata aura utkRSTa cAritravAle sAdhu ko hI hotA hai| mana:paryavajJAna pramatta saMyata se kSINakaSAyaparyanta (6 se 12) guNasthAnoM meM hI pAyA jAtA hai| isameM bhI vardhamAna pariNAmavAle ko hI hotA hai, anya ko nhiiN| vardhamAna pariNAmavAloM meM bhI Rddhi prApta apramatta saMyata ko hI hotA hai, anya ko nhiiN| Rddhi prApta apramatta saMyata meM bhI kisI-kisI ko hI hotA hai, saba ko nahIM arthAt avadhijJAna ke svAmI saMyata aura asaMyata donoM ho sakate haiM, jabaki mana:paryAya ke svAmI saMyata hI hote haiN|63 2. vizuddhi - avadhi kI apekSA mana:paryAya vizuddhatara hai| avadhi ke viSaya kA anaMtavAM bhAga mana:paryAya kA viSaya hai, isI prakAra mana:paryava kA viSaya choTA hote hue bhI jisa prakAra aneka 60. avadhijJAnAnantaraM ca chadmasthaviSayabhAvapratyakSasAdhAt manaHparyAyajJAnamuktaM, tathAhi - yathA'vadhijJAnaM chadmamastha bhavati tathA mana:paryavajJAnamapIti chadmasthasAdharmya, tathA yathA'vadhijJAnaM rUpidravyaviSayaM tathA mana:paryAyajJAnamapi, tasya mana:pudgalAlambanatvAditi viSayasAdharmya, tathA yathA'vadhijJAnaM kSAyopazamike bhAve varttate tathA mana:paryAyajJAnamapIti bhAvasAdharmya, tathA cAvadhijJAnaM pratyakSaM tathA manaHparyAyajJAnamapIti prtyksstvsaadhrmym| - naMdIvRtti - malayagiri pR. 71 61. DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA. jaina dharma darzana eka samIkSAtmaka vivecana, pR. 283-284 62. pramANamImAMsA hindI anuvAda (paM. zobhAcanda bhArilla) pR. 36, savArthasiddhi 1.25, pR. 94, tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.25.2 63. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.25.2, pR. 59, dhavalATIkA, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.68, pR. 339, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 105 64. tattvArtha sUtra 1.26, sarvArthasiddhi 1.25, pR. 94, tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.25.1, pR. 59

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[406] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana zAstroM kA sAmAnya jJAna rakhane vAle vidvAn kI apekSA eka zAstra kA talasparzI jJAna dhAraNa karane vAle vidvAn ke jJAna ko vizuddhatara kahA jAtA hai vaise hI yahA~ bhI vizuddhi kA saMbaMdha vyApaka (vistRta) ke saMdarbha meM nahIM, lekina sUkSmatA ke saMdarbha meM samajhanA caahie| 3. dravya - avadhijJAna jaghanya tejovargaNA ke uttaravartI taijasa ke ayogya gurulaghu dravyoM ko jAnatA hai, athavA bhASA ke pUrvavartI, bhASA ke ayogya agurulaghu dravya ko jAnatA hai tathA utkRSTa se paramANu saMkhya pradezI, asaMkhya pradezI, ananta pradezI, gurulaghu, agurulaghu, audArika vargaNA yAvat karma vargaNA Adi taka samasta rUpI pudgala dravyoM ko jAnatA hai| kintu mana:paryAyajJAna, jaghanya se bhI aura utkRSTa se bhI manovargaNA ke agurulaghu sUkSma rUpI dravya ko hI jAnatA hai| donoM jJAna indriya viSayaka na hote hue bhI avadhijJAnI se manaHparyAyajJAnI ko rUpI dravyoM kA jJAna vizuddhatara hotA hai arthAt avadhijJAna rUpI dravya sAmAnya ke sAtha saMbaMdhita hai aura mana:paryAyajJAna manogata dravyoM se saMbaMdhita hai| 4. viSaya - rUpI aura pudgala se baMdhe hue arUpI arthoM ko viSaya karane vAlA yaha mana:paryavajJAna usI rUpI artha ko viSaya karane vAle avadhijJAna se viSaya kI apekSA viziSTa hai, kyoMki mana kI paryAyoM ko jitanA avadhijJAnI jAnatA hai usase manaHparyavajJAnI adhika jAnatA hai / / 5. kSetra - avadhijJAna jaghanya se aMgula ke asaMkhyeya bhAga ko aura utkRSTa loka evaM aloka meM loka pramANa asaMkhya khaNDa kSetra ko jAnatA hai, kintu manaHparyAyajJAnI jaghanya aMgula ke asaMkhyeya bhAga ko aura utkRSTa manuSya kSetra ko hI jAnatA hai| ataH mana:paryavajJAna kA kSetra avadhijJAna kI apekSA se choTA hai| 6. kAla - naMdIsUtra ke anusAra avadhijJAnI atIta, anAgata, asaMkhyAta utsarpiNI, avasarpiNI kAla ko jAnatA hai| manaHparyAyajJAnI kAla kI apekSA atIta anAgata palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga ko hI viSaya karatA hai| 7. bhAva - avadhi kI apekSA se mana:paryAya kama dravyoM ko viSaya karane se adhika paryAyoM meM pravartatA hai| 8. bhava - avadhijJAna pUrva bhava se sAtha meM A sakatA hai aura parabhava meM bhI sAtha jA sakatA hai, jabaki manaHparyavajJAna na to pUrvabhava se sAtha AtA hai aura na hI parabhava meM sAtha jAtA hai| (a) 9. ajJAna - avadhijJAna ajJAna (vibhaMgajJAna) meM parivartita ho sakatA hai, jabaki mana:paryAyajJAna ajJAna meM parivartita nahIM hotA hai| 0 (ba) 10. zakti - avadhijJAnI aura mana:paryavajJAnI donoM dUsare ke mana meM cala rahe mAnasika vicAroM ko jAna sakate haiM, lekina manaHparyavajJAnI kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki vaha dUsare ke citta meM calate hue vicAroM ke AdhAra para anumAna karake vastu ko jAna sakatA hai, lekina avadhijJAnI nahIM jAna sakatA hai| 11. pratyaya - avadhijJAna bhavapratyaya aura guNapratyaya hotA hai, jabaki mana:paryavajJAna mAtra guNapratyaya hotA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva, vizuddhatAdi sabhI apekSAoM se mana:paryavajJAna, avadhijJAna se prakRSTa, vizuddha aura bhinna hai| 65. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.25.1, pR. 59 66. tattvArthasUtra 1.26 67. tattvArthazlokavArtika, bhAga 4, pR. 37 68. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 75, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 806, naMdIsUtra 28,3369. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.25.1, pR. 59 70 (a). bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 13, uddezyaka 1-2 70 (ba), bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 8, uddezyaka 2

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SaSTha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM manaHparyavajJAna [407] manaHparyavajJAna kI arhatA arthAt adhikArI yA svAmI mana:paryavajJAna ke svAmI ke viSaya meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM vizeSa varNana prApta nahIM hotA hai| mAtra isameM itanA hI nirdeza kiyA hai ki mana:paryavajJAna guNoM ke kAraNa cAritravAn ko hI hotA hai| TIkAkAra maladhArI hemacandra ne apane mantavya ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki Rddhi prApta evaM kSamAdi viziSTa guNoM se yukta cAritravAle ko hI manaHparyavajJAna hotA hai| isake svAmI ke sambandha meM vizeSa kathana naMdIsUtra meM prApta hotA hai| __ naMdIsUtra meM mana:paryavajJAna ke svAmI yA adhikArI ke lie saMkSepa meM navavidha pAtratA (zarte) Avazyaka mAnI gaI haiM yathA -1. manuSya 2. garbhajamanuSya 3. karmabhUmijamanuSya 4. saMkhyAtavarSAyuSyakamanuSya 5. paryApta 6. samyagdRSTi 7. saMyata 8. apramattasaMyata 9. RddhiprApta sNyt| uparyukta nau zartoM meM sarvaprathama zarta meM manuSya gati meM hI manaHparyavajJAna hotA hai, zeSa naraka, tiryaMca aura deva gati meM mana:paryavajJAna nahIM hotA hai| manuSya gati meM bhI kisa jIva (manuSya) ko hotA hai, isake lie krama se zarte dI gaI haiM, jinako pUrNa karane para hI manuSya gati meM rahe hue usI jIva (manuSya) ko mana:paryavajJAna hotA hai| inakA vistRta varNana isa prakAra hai1. manuSya mana:paryAyajJAna manuSyoM ko hI utpanna hotA hai| arthAt manuSyoM meM manuSya puruSa, manuSya strI aura manuSya napuMsaka ko utpanna hotA hai? amanuSyoM ko utpanna nahIM hotA arthAt manuSyagati ke alAvA naraka, tiryaMca aura devoM ko utpanna nahIM hotA, kyoMki inameM sarva-virata sAdhu hI nahIM hote| manaHparyava ke lie viziSTa cAritra kI pAlanA Avazyaka hai, aura ina gati ke jIvoM meM aisA cAritra nahIM hotA hai| 2. garbhajamanuSya mana:paryavajJAna manuSyoM meM bhI garbhajamanuSyoM ko hI utpanna hotA hai| manuSya do prakAra ke hote haiM - 1. sammUchima manuSya - jo manuSya, mAtA-pitA ke saMyoga ke binA utpanna hote haiM, unheM 'sammUcchima manuSya' kahate haiN| ye manuSya ke uccAra-pAsavaNa (malamUtra) Adi caudaha sthAnoM meM utpanna hote haiN| ye aMgula ke asaMkhyeya bhAga kI avagAhanA vAle, antarmuhUrta kI sthiti vAle, manuSya jaisI hI AkRti vAle aura mana rahita hote haiN| ekendriya se lekara asaMjJI paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM bhI sammUrchima kahalAte haiN| 2. garbha-vyutkrAntika manuSya - jo manuSya mAtA-pitA ke pudgala saMyoga se, mAtA ke garbhAzaya meM utpanna hote haiM aura mAtA ke garbha se bAhara nikalate haiM tathA mana vAle hote haiM, unheM 'garbhavyutkrAntika manuSya' kahate haiN| garbhaja kA artha hai - garbha se jinakI vyutkrAnti - utpatti hotI hai, athavA garbha se jinakA niSkramaNa hotA hai, ve garbha-vyutkrAntika (garbhaja) kahalAte haiN| 71. maNapajjavaNANe NaM bhaMte! kiM maNussANaM uppajjai, amaNussANaM? goyamA! maNussANaM, No amnnussaannN| -naMdIsUtra, pR. 43 72. savedagA NaM bhaMte, jahA saiMdiyA, evaM itthivedagA vi, evaM purisveygaa| evaM napusaMka veygaa| bhagavatI sUtra, za. 8, udde. 2, pR. 282 73. jai maNussANaM kiM saMmucchi mamaNussANaM, gabbhavakkaM tiyamaNussANaM? goyamA! No saMmucchimamaNussANaM, gambhavakkaMtiyamaNussANaM uppjji|| - pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 74 74. garbhe vyutkrAntiH-utpattiryeSAM te garbhavyutkrAntikA, athavA garbhAd vyutkrAntiH-vyutkramaNaM niSkramaNaM yeSAM te garbhavyutkrAntikAH / - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 102

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[408] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana mana:paryAyajJAna, sammUcchima manuSyoM ko utpanna nahIM hotA, kyoMki ve sAdhu nahIM bana sakate haiM,isalie yaha jJAna kevala garbhaja manuSyoM ko hI utpanna ho sakatA hai, kyoMki unhIM meM se sAdhu bana sakate haiN| 3. karmabhUmijamanuSya garbha-vyutkrAntika manuSyoM meM bhI mana:paryAyajJAna karmabhUmija garbhotpanna manuSyoM ko hI utpanna hotA garbhaja-manuSya tIna prakAra ke hote haiM -1. karmabhUmija, 2. akarmabhUmija aura 3. antaradvIpaja,yathA 1. karmabhUmija - kRSivANijyAdi jIvana nirvAha ke kAryoM aura mokSa-sambandhI anuSThAnoM ko karma kahA jAtA hai isalie jisa bhUmi meM sadA yA kisI samaya bhI rAjya, vANijya, kRSi Adi laukika karma yA samyak cAritra, samyak tapAdi lokottara dharma pravRtta hoM, use 'karmabhUmi' kahate haiN| pA~ca bharata, pA~ca airavata aura pA~ca mahAvideha, ye pandraha karmabhUmiyA~ haiN| jo inameM utpanna hote haiM, unheM 'karmabhUmija' kahate haiN| 2. akarmabhUmija - kRSivANijyAdi jIvana nirvAha ke kAryoM aura mokSa-sambandhI anuSThAna nahIM honA akarma hai, isalie jisa kSetra meM kisI bhI samaya uparyukta laukika yA lokottara karma nahIM hote, dasa prakAra ke kalpavRkSoM se vahA~ rahane vAle apane jIvana kA nirvAha karate haiM, use akarmabhUmija kahate haiN| ye pA~ca deva-kuru, pA~ca uttarakuru, pA~ca hemavata, pA~ca hairaNyavata, pA~ca harivAsa, pA~ca ramyakavAsa ye tIsa akarmabhUmiyA~ haiN| jo inameM utpanna hote haiM, unheM 'akarmabhUmija' kahate haiN| 3. antaradvIpaja - antara zabda madhyavAcaka hai| antara meM arthAt lavaNa samudra ke madhya meM jo dvIpa haiM, ve antaradvIpa kahalAte haiM, usameM nivAsa karane vAle manuSya antaradvIpaja kahalAte haiN| jambUdvIpa meM bharata kSetra kI sImA para sthita himavAna parvata ke donoM chora pUrva pazcima lavaNasamudra meM phaile hue haiN| isI prakAra airavata kSetra kI sImA para sthita zikharI parvata ke donoM chora bhI lavaNasamudra meM phaile hue haiN| pratyeka chora ke do bhAga meM vibhAjita hone ke kAraNa kula milAkara donoM parvatoM ke ATha bhAga lavaNasamudra meM Aye hue haiN| pratyeka bhAga para sAta-sAta dvIpa haiN| isa prakAra saba milAkara lavaNasamudra ke antargata ekoruka Adi 56 dvIpa haiN| una dvIpoM meM utpanna hone vAle manuSyoM ko 'antaradvIpaja' kahate haiN| ye bhI laukika aura lokottara karma rahita hote haiN| karmabhUmi ke garbhaja manuSya hI saMyama ko grahaNa karate haiM arthAt sAdhu banate haiM, parantu akarmabhUmijagarbhaja manuSya yA antaradvIpajagarbhaja manuSya meM se koI sAdhu nahIM bana sakatA, isalie unheM mana:paryAyajJAna nahIM hotaa| 4. saMkhyAtavarSAyuSyakamanuSya mana:paryavajJAna saMkhyAta varSa kI Ayu vAle karmabhUmija garbhaja manuSyoM ko utpanna hotA hai| karmabhUmija manuSya do prakAra ke hote haiM - 75. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 75 76. kRSivANijyatapaH saMyamAnuSThAnAdikarmapradhAnA bhUmayaH krmbhuumyo| kRSyAdikarmarahitAH kalpapAdapaphalopabhogapradhAnA bhUmayaH akarmabhUmayaH / antare lavaNasamudrasya madhye dvIpA antrdviipaaH| - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 102 77. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, prajJApanA sUtra, pada 1 pR. 103 se 105 kA sAra 78. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 76

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SaSTha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM manaHparyavajJAna [409] 1. saMkhyeya varSa kI AyuSya vAle - yaha eka pAribhASika zabda hai| jinakA AyuSya jaghanya antarmuharta se lekara utkRSTa eka pUrvakoTi (70,56,000,00,00,000 sattara lAkha chappana sahasra karoDa) varSa kA hotA hai, unheM 'saMkhyeya varSa kI AyuSya vAle' kahate haiN| ye hI sarva virata sAdhu ho sakate haiN| 2. aMsakhyeya varSa kI AyuSya vAle - jinakA AyuSya pUrvakoTi varSa se eka samaya bhI adhika hotA hai, unheM 'asaMkhyeya varSa kI AyuSya vAle' kahate haiN| ye sarva virati nahIM ho sakate haiN| 5. paryApta mana:paryavajJAna paryApta saMkhyAta varSa kI AyuSya vAle karmabhUmija garbhaja manuSyoM ko hI utpanna hotA hai| saMkhyAta varSa kI Ayu vAle karmabhUmija garbhaja manuSya do prakAra ke hote haiM - 1. paryApta - jo manuSya paryAptanAmakarma ke udaya se svayogya AhArAdi paryAptiyoM ko pUrNa kare vaha paryApta aura 2. aparyApta - jo manuSya aparyAptanAmakarma ke udaya se svayogya ahArAdi paryAptiyoM ko pUrNa nahIM kare vaha aparyApta manuSya kahalAtA hai| paryApti - jIva kI zakti-vizeSa kI pUrNatA paryApti kahalAtI hai| paryAptiyA~ chaha prakAra kI hotI hI haiM - 1. AhAra 2. zarIra 3. indriya 4. zvAsocchvAsa 5. bhASA aura 6. mn| ina chahoM ko grahaNa Adi karane kI jinhoMne pUrNa zakti prApta kara lI, unheM yahA~ 'paryApta' kahA hai tathA jinhoMne pUrI zakti prApta nahIM kI yA nahIM kareMge, unheM 'aparyApta' kahA hai| jo manuSya paryApta hote haiM, unako hI mana:paryavajJAna utpanna hotA hai| AhArAdi chahoM paryAptiyoM kA svarUpa malayagiri (naMdIvRtti) ke AdhAra para yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ne naMdIsUtra (pR. 45) meM diyA hai| 6. samyagdRSTi mana:paryavajJAna samyagdRSTi paryApta saMkhyAta varSa kI AyuSya vAle garbhaja manuSyoM ko hI utpanna hotA hai| dRSTi tIna prakAra kI hotI hai - 1. samyagdRSTi - jo jIva mokSAbhimukhI ho tathA jinaprarUpita tattva ke sanmukha ho arthAt jisakI tattvoM para samyak zraddhA ho athavA jisakI sudeva, suguru aura sudharma para dRr3ha AsthA ho, use samyagdRSTi kahate haiN| 2. mithyAdRSTi - jisakI jinaprarUpita tattvoM para zraddhA nahIM ho aura jo Atmabodha se, satya se evaM mokSa se vimukha ho athavA jisakI kudeva, kuguru aura kudharma para AsthA ho, use mithyAdRSTi kahate haiN| malayagiri ne samyagdRSTi aura mithyAdRSTi kI paribhASA isa prakAra se dI hai ki jisakI jinezvaroM dvArA praNIta vastu ke prati dRSTi viparIta nahIM hai, vaha samyagdRSTi aura jisakI dRSTi viparIta hai, vaha mithyAdRSTi hai| 3. mizradRSTi - mizramohanIya karma ke udaya se jinakI dRSTi kisI padArtha kA yathArtha nirNaya athavA niSedha karane meM sakSama nahIM ho, jo satya ko na grahaNa kara sakatA ho, na tyAga kara sakatA ho 79. saMkhyeyavarSAyuSaH pUrvakoTyAdi jIvinaH asaMkhyeyavarSAyuSaH plyopmaadijiivinH| - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 104 80. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 76 81. paryAptiH-AhArAdi-pudgala grahaNa pariNamanaheturAtmanaH shktivishessH| - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 104 82. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 77 83. samyak-aviparItA dRSTi-jinapraNItavastupratipattiryeSAM te samyagdRSTayaH / mithyA-viparItA dRSTiryeSAM te mithyAdRSTayaH / - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti pR. 105

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[410] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana aura jo mokSa ke upAya evaM baMdha ke hetuoM ko samAna mAnatA ho tathA jIvAdi padArthoM para na to zraddhA karatA ho aura na hI azraddhA karatA ho, aisI mizrita zraddhA vAlA jIva mizradRSTi kahalAtA hai| yathA - koI vyakti raMga kI ekarUpatA dekhakara sone va pItala meM bheda nahIM kara pAtA hai| usI prakAra mizradRSTi jIva sat evaM asat meM bheda nahIM kara pAtA hai| 4 7. saMyata manaHparyavajJAna saMyata samyagdRSTi paryApta saMkhyAta varSa kI AyuSya vAle karmabhUmija garbhaja manuSyoM ko hI utpanna hotA hai| samyagdRSTi tIna prakAra ke hote haiM - 1. saMyata - jo sarvavirata hai, tathA cAritramohanIya karma ke kSaya athavA kSayopazama se jinheM sarvavirati cAritra kI prApti ho gaI hai, ve saMyata kahalAte haiN| 2. asaMyata - jo caturthaguNasthAnavartI ho, jinake apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya ke udaya se dezavirati na ho unheM avirata yA asaMyata samyagdRSTi kahate haiN| 3. saMyatAsaMyata - saMyatAsaMyata samyagdRSTi manuSya zrAvaka hote haiN| zrAvakoM ko hiMsA Adi pAMca AsravoM kA aMza rUpa se tyAga hotA hai, sampUrNa rUpa se nhiiN| (a) ina tInoM meM se mana:paryavajJAna sarvavirati cAritra vAle saMyata manuSya ko hI hotA hai, zeSa do asaMyata aura saMyatAsaMyata manuSya ko nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki manaHparyavajJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama cAritra apekSita hai, isalie saMyata ko hI mana:paryavajJAna hotA hai, asaMyata aura saMyatAsaMyata ko nahIM hotA hai| mana:paryavajJAna saMyata ko hI kyoM hotA hai / kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA ke anusAra viSaya-bhogoM ke sukha meM Abaddha bhogI (asaMyamI) jIva kA mAnasika ciMtana bhogAsakti se yukta hotA hai| usake mana meM bhogoM se saMbaMdhita saMkalpa-vikalpa kA pravAha calatA rahatA hai| ataH vaha aMtarmukhI nahIM ho pAtA arthAt vaha mana se alaga haTakara taTastha ho kara nahIM jAna sakatA hai| ataH bhogI (aMsayamI) vyakti ko mana:paryavajJAna nahIM hotA hai| kintu jo sAdhaka saMyamI hai, viSaya-bhogoM ke sukha se virata hai, vaha aMtarmukhI ho mana kI paryAyoM ko mana se asaMga hokara jAna sakatA hai arthAt samabhAvapUrvaka mana kI pravAhamAna, parivartanazIla paryAyoM ko jAnanA manaHparyavajJAna hai| (ba) 8. apramattasaMyata manaHparyavajJAna pramatta saMyata samyagdRSTi paryApta saMkhyAta varSa kI AyuSya vAle karmabhUmija garbhaja manuSyoM ko hI utpanna hotA hai| saMyata meM bhI viziSTa prakAra kA saMyata honA cAhie usI ko mana:paryavajJAna utpanna hotA hai| isalie apramatta saMyata ko hI mana:paryavajJAna hotA hai| saMyata do prakAra ke hote haiM - pramatta-apramatta saMyata - jisase saMyama meM (cAritra meM) zithilatA utpanna ho, use 'pramAda' kahate haiN| malayagiri ne bhI naMdIsUtra kI vRtti meM pramAda kI paribhASA dI hai| 1. madya 2. viSaya 3. kaSAya 4. nidrA aura 5. vikathA, ye pAMca pramAda haiN| jo sAdhu, jisa samaya inameM pravRtta ho, vaha usa 84. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 46 85. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 77-78 86 (a). yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 47 86 (ba). bandhatattva, pR. 25 87. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 78 88. mohanIyAdikarmodayaprabhAvataH saMjvalanakaSAyanidrAdyanyatamapramAdayogataH saMyamayogeSu sIdanti smeti pramattAH / - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 106

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SaSTha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM mana:paryavajJAna [411] samaya 'pramatta saMyata' kahalAtA hai tathA jisa samaya inameM pravRtta na ho, usa samaya 'apramatta saMyata' kahalAtA hai| yahA~ apramatta saMyata kA artha-sAtaveM guNasthAna se bArahaveM guNasthAnavartI jIva samajhanA caahie| manaHparyAyajJAna viziSTa guNa ke kAraNa utpanna hotA hai| vaise guNa apramatta sAdhu meM hI ho sakate haiM, pramAdI sAdhu meM nhiiN| naMdIcUrNikAra ne apramatta ke cAra prakAra batAye haiM - 1. jinakalpika 2. parihAravizuddhi 3. yathAlandaka 4. prtimaaprtipnnk| ina cAroM ke pariNAma sarvadA saMyama meM hI agrasara hote haiN| ye cAroM prakAra gacchamukta sAdhu ke haiM, lekina mana:paryavajJAna gacchamukta muni ko hI hotA hai, yaha ekAMta niyama nahIM hai| isa bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhakara cUrNikAra ne kahA hai ki gacchavAsI aura gacchamukta donoM prakAra ke muni pramatta aura apramatta donoM hote haiN| unameM apramatta muni ko hI mana:paryavajJAna hotA hai| apramatta hone mAtra se hI mana:paryavajJAna nahIM hotA hai, isake lie navIM zarta bhI Avazyaka hai, jisakA svarUpa nimna prakAra se hai| 9. RddhiprApta saMyata mana:paryavajJAna RddhiprApta apramattasaMyata samyagdRSTi paryApta saMkhyAta varSa kI AyuSya vAle karmabhUmija garbhaja manuSyoM ko hI utpanna hotA hai| apramatta saMyata do prakAra ke hote haiM - Rddhi prApta aura Rddhi apraapt| Rddhi prApta, Rddhi aprApta - dharmAcaraNa ke dvArA nirjarA hokara yA puNyodaya hokara jo viziSTa zakti-labdhi milatI hai, use yahA~ 'Rddhi' kahA gayA hai| avadhijJAna, pUrvagatajJAna, AhAraka labdhi, tejolezyA, vidyAcAraNa, jaMghAcAraNa Adi aisI 28 labdhiyA~ haiN| uttarottara apUrva-apUrva artha ke pratipAdaka viziSTa zruta meM praveza karate hue usase utpanna tIvra, tIvratara zubha bhAvanAoM se RddhiyA~ utpanna hotI haiN| jinheM ye RddhiyA~ prApta huI haiM, ve 'Rddhi prApta saMyata' haiM tathA jinheM prApta nahIM haiM, ve 'Rddhi aprApta saMyata' kahalAte haiN| athavA jo apramatta AtmArthI muni atizAyinI buddhi se sampanna ho aura jo AhAraka Adi labdhi (Rddhi) se sampanna ho use Rddhi prApta kahate haiN| muni atizAyinI buddhi se sampanna ho isake lie atizAyinI buddhi tIna prakAra kI hotI hai- 1. koSThabuddhi, 2. padAnusArIbuddhi aura 3. bIjabuddhi, inakA varNana zeSa labdhiyoM ke sAtha hI avadhijJAna ke Rddhi dvAra ke antargata kiyA gayA hai| isalie vizeSa varNana vahA~ draSTavya hai| yahA~ mana:paryAyajJAna ke sAtha saMbhava avadhijJAna-labdhi, pUrvadhara-labdhi, gaNadhara-labdhi, auSadhilabdhi, vacana-labdhi, cAraNa-labdhi Adi labdhiyoM ko hI grahaNa karanA caahie| mana:paryAyajJAna, viziSTa vizuddhi ke kAraNa utpanna hotA hai| vaha viziSTa vizuddhi, RddhiprApta saMyata manuSya meM saMbhava hai, Rddhi aprApta meM nhiiN| kyoMki Rddhi, vizuddhi se hI prApta hotI hai| aRddhi prApta apramatta saMyata jIva jIvana ke kisI bhI kSaNa meM saMyama se vicalita ho sakate haiM, kintu Rddhi prApta apramatta saMyata jIva jIvana ke kisI bhI kSaNa meM saMyama se skhalita nahIM hotA hai, ataH Rddhi prApta apramatta saMyata bhI do prakAra ke kahe haiM - 1. viziSTa Rddhi prApta 2. sAmAnya 89. appamattasaMjatA jiNakappiyA parihAravisuddhiyA ahAlaMdiyA paDimApaDivaNNagA y| - naMdIcUrNi pR. 37 90. ete satatovayogovauttattaNato appamattA, gacchavAsiNo puNa pamattA, kaNhui annuvyogsNbhvtaato| ahavA gacchavAsI NiggatA ya pamattA vi apamattA vi bhavaMti prinnaamvso| - naMdIcUrNi pR. 37 91. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 79 92. pravacanasAroddhAra dvAra 270 gAthA 1492-1508 pR. 408-414 93. paMcama adhyAya (vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna), pR. 384

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[412] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana Rddhi praapt| inameM pahalI koTi ke munivara ko prAyaH vipulamati mana:paryavajJAna utpanna hotA hai aura Rjumati bhI, kintu dUsarI koTi ke saMyata ko prAya: Rjumati mana:paryavajJAna hotA hai aura kisI ko vipulamati bhii| vipulamati manaHparyavajJAna vAlA niyama se apratipAtI hotA hai, kintu Rjumati mana:paryavajJAna ke lie vikalpa hai| kyoMki sarvajIvAbhigama kI AThavIM pratipatti meM "mana:paryavajJAna kA antara jaghanya antarmuhUrta hai aura utkRSTa dezona arddha pudgala parAvartana pramANa hai" yadi kisI Rddhi prApta munivara ke jIvana meM mana:paryavajJAna utpanna hokara lupta hone kA prasaMga AtA hai, to vahI jJAna punaH antarmuhUrta meM utpanna ho sakatA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki mana:paryava jJAna ke utpanna aura lupta hone kA prasaMga eka hI bhava meM eka bAra bhI A sakatA hai aura aneka bAra bhii| yaha kathana Rjumati manaHparyava jJAna ke viSaya meM samajhanA cAhie, vipulamati ke prasaMga meM nhiiN| uparyukta nau zartoM ko dravyAdi cAra bhAgoM meM samAviSTa kara sakate haiN| jaise ki manuSya, garbhaja aura paryAptaka ye tIna dravya meM, karmabhUmija yaha kSetra meM, saMkhyAtavarSAyuSka yaha kAla meM aura samyagdRSTi, saMyata, apramatta, RddhiprApta ye cAra bhAva meM antarbhUta ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra jaba dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI sAmagrI pUrNatayA prApta hotI hai tabhI mana:paryavajJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazama hotA hai, jisase hI mana:paryavajJAna utpanna hotA hai, anyathA nhiiN| tattvArtharAjavArtika Adi meM bhI naMdIsUtra ke samAna hI manaHparyavajJAna ke svAmI kA varNana hai, isameM bhI nau zartoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai|" gommaTasAra meM bhI isake svAmI kA varNana upalabdha hotA hai - maNapajjavaM taM NANaM sattasu viradesu sttiddddhiinnN| egAdijudesu have vddddhNtvisitttthcrnnesu|| arthAt pramattasaMyata se kSINakaSAya paryanta sAta guNasthAnoM meM, buddhi-tapa-vikriyA-auSadha-rasabala aura akSINa nAmaka sAta RddhiyoM meM se eka-do-tIna Adi RddhiyoM ke dhArI tathA jinakA viziSTa cAritra vardhamAna hotA hai, una mahAmuniyoM meM hI mana:paryavajJAna hotA hai| strI ko manaHparyavajJAna 'strI (sAdhvI) ko mana:paryavajJAna hotA hai yA nahIM,' isa viSaya meM matabheda hai| granthakAroM kA abhiprAya hai ki strI-liMgI yA strIvedI ko mana:paryavajJAna nahIM hotaa| parantu zrI bhagavatIsUtra za. 8 u. 2 ke anusAra - he bhagavan! vedayukta jIva jJAnI hai yA ajJAnI? he gautama ! indriyayukta jIvoM ke samAna hI strIvedaka, puruSavedaka aura napuMsakavedaka haiN| avedI to akaSAyI ke samAna haiN| uparyukta uttara meM saindriya jIvoM se savedI jIvoM kI aura spaSTatayA strI Adi tInoM veda vAloM kI samAnatA batalAI hai| isameM strI-puruSa meM koI bheda nahIM batA kara samAnatA nirUpita kI hai| saiMdriya prarUpaNA meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki - bhagavan ! saindriya jIva jJAnI haiM yA ajJAnI ? isake uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki cAra jJAna aura tIna ajJAna kI bhajanA hai|00 uparyukta varNana meM strIveda meM cAra jJAna hone kA kathana hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki strI (sAdhvI) ko bhI mana:paryavajJAna ho sakatA hai| 94. AtmArAmajI mahArAja, naMdIsUtra, pR. 112 95. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, jIvAbhigamasUtra bhAga 2, gAthA 254 pR. 204 96. AtmArAmajI mahArAja, naMdIsUtra, pR. 114 97. tattvArtharAjavArtika, sUtra 1.25.2, pR. 59 98. gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa, gAthA 445, pR. 668 99. saveyagA NaM bhaMte ! jIvA kiM NANI0? goyamA ! jahA siNdiyaa| evaM itthiveyagA vi evaM purasiveyagA vi evaM napuMsagaveyagA vi| aveyagA jahA aksaaii| 100. iMdiya-laddhiyANaM bhaMte! jIvA kiM NANI, annnnaannii| goyamA! cattAri NANAI tiNNi aNNANAI bhynnaae|

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SaSTha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM manaHparyavajJAna [413] manaHparyAyajJAna ke bheda mana:paryAyajJAna do prakAra kA hotA hai, yathA - Rjumati aura vipulmti|01 dravya mana ke jitane skandha, usakI jitanI paryAyeM vipulamati jAnatA hai, unakI apekSA jo dravya mana ke skandha aura usakI paryAyeM alpa jAne, use 'Rjumati' mana:paryAyajJAna kahate haiM dUsare zabdoM meM dravya-mana ke jitane skandha aura usakI jitanI paryAyeM Rjumati jAnatA hai, unakI apekSA jo dravyamana kI vipula skandha aura paryAyeM jAnatA hai, use 'vipulamati' mana:paryAyajJAna kahate haiN| zvetAmbara mAnyatA meM Rjumati-vipulamati manaHparyavajJAna kA svarUpa Rju kA artha sAmAnya grahaNa aura vipula kA artha vizeSa grahaNa hai| Rjumati - jo sAmAnya rUpa se manodravya ko jAnatA hai, vaha Rjumati manojJAna hai| yaha prAyaH vizeSa paryAya ko nahIM jaantaa| Rjumati mana:paryavajJAnI itanA hI jAnatA hai ki amuka vyakti ne ghaTa kA cintana kiyA hai, deza, kAla Adi se sambaddha ghaTa ke anya aneka paryAyoM ko vaha nahIM jaantaa|02 vipulamati - vizeSagrAhiNI mati vipulamati hai| amuka vyakti ne ghar3e kA cintana kiyA hai| vaha ghar3A sone kA banA huA hai, pATaliputra meM nirmita hai, Aja hI banA hai, AkAra meM bar3A hai, kakSa meM rakhA huA hai, phalaka se DhakA huA hai - isa prakAra ke adhyavasAyoM ke hetubhUta aneka viziSTa mAnasika paryAyoM kA jJAna vipulamati manaHparyavajJAna hai|103 aisA hI varNana naMdIcUrNiI04 meM bhI prApta hotA hai| cUrNi ke anusAra Rjumati mana kI paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai, lekina atyadhika viziSTa paryAyoM ko nahIM jAnatA hai| jaise kisI saMjJI jIva ne kisI ghaTa ke viSaya meM vipula cintana kiyaa| usa cintana ke anurUpa usake dravya mana kI aneka paryAyeM bnii| Rjumati manaHparyavajJAnI 'isane ghaTa kA cintana kiyA' - mAtra itanA jAnane meM jo sahAyabhUta alpa paryAyeM haiM, unheM hI jAnegA aura una paryAyoM ko sAkSAt dekhakara phira anumAna se yaha jAnegA ki - 'isa prANI ne ghaTa kA cintana kiyaa|' parantu vipulamati mana:paryavajJAnI una paryAyoM meM-'isane jisa ghaTa kA ciMtana kiyA vaha ghaTa dravya se sone kA banA huA hai, kSetra se pATaliputra nAmaka nagara meM banA huA hai, kAla se basanta Rtu meM banA hai, bhAva se siMhanI ke dUdha se yukta hai aura phala se DhakA huA hai, guNa se rAjaputra ko samarpita karane yogya hai aura nAma se rAjaghaTa hai ityAdi bAteM jAnane meM sahAyabhUta jitanI vipula paryAyeM haiM, una sabako jAnegA aura anumAna se yaha jAnegA ki 'usane ghaTa kA ciMtana kiyA, jo dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva, guNa aura nAma se yA varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza, zabda, saMsthAna Adi se isa prakAra kA hai|' yahI mata siddhasenagaNi kA bhI hai ki Rjumati sAmAnya ko grahaNa karatA hai aura vipulamati vizeSa ko grahaNa karatA hai|105 101. taM ca duvihaM upajjai taMjahA - 1. ujjumaI ya 2. viulamaI y| - pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 80 102. riju sAmaNNaM tammattagAhiNI rijumaI mnnonnaannN| pAyaM visesavimuhaM ghaDamettaM citiyaM munni| -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 784 103. viulaM vatthuvisesaNamANaM taggAhiNI maI viulA ciMtiyamaNusarai ghaDaM pagasao pajjavasaehiM |-vishessaavshykbhaassy, gAthA 785 104. osaNNaM visesavimuhaM uvalabhati NAtIva bahuvisesavisiTThe attha uvalabhai tti, bhaNitaM hoti, ghaDo'NeNa ciMtio tti jaannti| vipulA mati vipulamati, bahuvisesaggAhiNI tti bhaNittaM bhvti| maNopajjAyavisese jANati dieto, jahA - aNeNa ghaDo ciMtito, taM ca desa kAlAdi aNegapajjAyavisesavisiTe jaannti| - naMdIcUrNi, pR. 39 105. yA mati sAmAnyaM gRhNAti sA RjvI vyupadizyate, yA punarvizeSagrAhiNI sA vipuletyupdishyte| tattvArthabhASyAnusAraNI, pR. 101

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[414] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana yahA~ para jo Rjumati ko sAmAnya artha ko grahaNa karane vAlA aura vipulamati ko vizeSagrahaNa karane vAlA batAyA hai| jaba Rjumati sAmAnyagrAhI hai taba to vaha darzana rUpa hI huA, kyoMki sAmAnya ko grahaNa karane vAlA darzana hotA hai| to phira Rjumati ko jJAna kyoM kahA isa prazna kA samAdhAna isI adhyAya meM pR. 438 para kiyA gayA hai| digambara mAnyatA meM Rjumati-vipulamati manaHparyavajJAna kA svarUpa vIrasenAcArya kathanAnusAra - 1. dUsare ke mana meM cintita artha ko upacAra se mati kahA jAtA hai| Rju kA artha vakratA rahita hai| Rju hai mati jisakI, vaha Rjumati kahA jAtA hai|06 2. Rju arthAt praguNa hokara vicAre gaye aura saralarUpa se hI kahe gaye artha ko jAnane vAlA jJAna Rjumati manaHparyAyajJAna hai|107 gommaTasAra ke anusAra - vaha manaHparyaya sAmAnya se eka hone para bhI bheda-vivakSA se Rjumati mana:paryaya aura vipulamati manaHparyaya, isa taraha do prakAra kA hai| sarala kAya, vacana aura mana ke dvArA kiyA gayA jo artha dUsare ke mana meM sthita hai, usako jAnane se niSpanna huI mati jisakI hai, vaha Rjumati mana:paryavajJAna hai| sarala athavA kuTila kAya-vacana-mana ke dvArA cintita jo artha dUsare ke mana meM sthita hai, usako jAnane se niSpanna yA aniSpanna mati jisakI hai, vaha vipulamati mana:paryavajJAna hai|08 uparyukta varNana se spaSTa hai ki sampUrNa jaina paramparA meM ina do bhedoM ko svIkAra karane ke viSaya meM koI matabheda nahIM hai| ina bhedoM meM mati zabda samAna hai tathA Rjutva aura vipulatva vyAvartaka zabda hai| donoM paramparA ke jainAcAryoM ne Rjumati-vipulamati zabdoM ko jJAnaparaka, jJAtAparaka aura jJeyaparaka artha ke saMdarbha meM samajhAyA hai| 1. jJAnaparaka artha meM RjvI mati vizeSAvazyakabhASyA, haribhadrIya naMdIvRtti aura malayagiri naMdIvRtti meM yaha artha prApta hote haiN| 2. jJAtAparaka artha meM RjvI mati:yasya sarvArthasiddhi12, haribhadrIya naMdIvRtti13, tattvArtharAjavArtika'14 , dhavalATIkA, tattvArthazlokavArtika'15, malayagiri naMdIvRtti16 meM yaha artha prApta hotA hai| 3. jJeyaparaka artha meM RjvI matiH aisI vyutpatti dI hai| jJeyaparaka vyutpatti meM mati kA artha saMvedana nahIM, lekina dUsare ke manogata artha karane meM AyA hai| isI prakAra vipulamati zabda ke bhI tIna prakAra samajhane caahie| 106. parakIyamatigato'rtha upacAreNa matiH / RjvI avkraa| RjvImartiyasya saH RjumatiH / --dhavalATIkA, pu. 9, sU. 4.1.10 pR. 62-63 107. SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13, sU. 5.5.62, pR. 330 108. maNapajjavaM ca duvihaM ujuviulamaditti ujumadI tivihaa| - gommaTasAra, jIvakAMDa, gAthA 439, pR. 665 109. RjvI prAyoghaTAdisAmAnyamAtragrAhiNI mati: RjumtiH| - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya bRhadvRtti, gAthA 780, pR. 332 110. haribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti. pR. 40 111. RjvI sAmAnyagrAhiNI RjumatiH - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 108 112. RjvI matiryasya so'yaM RjumatiH - sarvArthasiddhi 1.23 pR. 91 113. haribhadrIya naMdIvRtti, pR. 40 114. RjvI martiyasya so'yamRjumati -tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.23.1 pR. 58 115. tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.23.1 116. RjvI sAmAnyagrAhiNImatirasya sa RjumatiH - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR.109 117. dhavalATIkA, bhAga 9, sU. 4.1.10 pR. 62

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SaSTha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM manaHparyavajJAna [415] manaHparyava ke do hI bheda kyoM? jisa prakAra avadhijJAna ke kSayopazama kI vicitratA se aneka bheda batAye haiM, vaise hI mana:paryavajJAna bhI rUpI padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, yaha bhI kSayopazama se utpanna hotA hai to isake do hI bhedoM kA ullekha kyoM hai? isakA samAdhAna yaha ho sakatA hai ki avadhijJAna ke jo vibhinna bheda batAye haiM, vaha kSetra aura kAla kI bhinnatA se hI utpanna hue haiN| amuka jIva itane kAla meM itanA kSetra jAnatA hai athavA itanA kSetra jAnane vAlA itanA kAla jAnatA hai, isa prakAra kI bhinnatA se avadhijJAna ke aneka prakAra ke bheda ho gaye haiN| jabaki mana:paryavajJAna meM aisA nahIM hai| mana:paryavajJAnI kSetra se jaghanya ar3hAI dvIpa meM DhAI aMgula kama kSetra jAnatA dekhatA hai aura utkRSTa pUrA aDhAIdvIpa jAnatA dekhatA hai| kAla se bhI jaghanya palyopama kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga jAnatA dekhatA hai aura utkRSTa bhI itane kAla ko hI jAnatA hai, lekina usako adhika spaSTatA se jAnatA hai| isalie kSetra aura kAla kI apekSA se do hI bheda prApta hote haiN| isalie manaHparyavajJAna ke do hI bheda hote haiN| Rjumati-vipulamati jJAna ke prabheda Rjumati-vipulamati ke prabhedoM kA puSpadaMta, bhUtabali, pUjyapAda, akalaMka, vIrasenAcArya aura vidyAnaMda Adi digambara AcAryoM ne ullekha kiyA hai jabaki bhadrabAhu, devavAcaka, umAsvAti, jinabhadra, jinadAsagaNi, haribhadra, malayagiri, upAdhyAya yazovijaya Adi zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne Rjumativipulamati ke prabhedoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| Rjumati manaHparyavajJAna ke prabheda SakhaNDAgama evaM kasAyapAhuDa meM Rjumati mana:paryAya ke tIna bheda tathA vipulamati mana:paryAya ke chaha bheda pratipAdita haiN|18 yahA~ Rju aura vipula zabda kI spaSTatA kA varNana kiyA hai| Rjumati ke viSaya kI apekSA se tIna bheda hote haiM - 1. Rjumanogata, 2. Rjuvacanagata aura 3. Rjukaaygt| 1. Rjumanogata - jo padArtha jisa rUpa meM sthita hai, usakA usI prakAra cintana karane vAle mana ko Rjumana kahate haiN| Rju arthAt praguNa (nirvartita) hokara manogata artha ko jAnatA hai, vaha Rjumati mana:paryAya jJAna hai| vaha acintita, ardha cintita evaM viparIta rUpa se cintita artha ko nahIM jAnatA hai| 2. Rjuvacanagata - jo padArtha jisa rUpa meM sthita hai, usakA usI prakAra kathana karane vAle vacana ko Rju vacana kahate haiN| mana meM cintita artha hI jaba vacana dvArA abhivyakta hotA hai to usakA jJAna bhI mana:paryavajJAna ke antargata AtA hai| Rjumati mana:paryAyajJAna se nahIM bole gaye, Adhe bole gaye, aspaSTa bole gaye artha kA bodha nahIM hotA hai| yahA~ yaha zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki Rju vacanagata jJAna ko mana:paryava jJAna kaise kaha sakate haiM? kyoMki yahA~ cintita artha ko kahane para yadi jAnatA hai to isase zruta jJAna kA prasaMga prApta hotA hai? lekina aisA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki kisI padArtha kA cintana karane ke pazcAt jaba kathana kiyA jAtA hai tabhI vaha mana:paryavajJAna kA viSaya banatA hai| udAharaNa ke lie yaha rAjya yA rAjA kitane dina taka samRddha rahegA aisA cintana karane ke bAda jo kathana kiyA jAtA hai, to yaha zrutajJAna kA viSaya nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha pratyakSa rUpa se rAjya aura rAjA kI hAni-vRddhi ko jAna kara hI usakA kathana karatA hai, isalie usakA jJAna parokSa kI zreNI meM nahIM AtA hai|19 118. jaM taM ujjumadimaNapajjavayaNANAvaraNIya NANa kammaM taM tivihaM ujumaM maNogadaM jANAdi, ujugaM vacigadaM jANAdi, ujugaM kAyagayaM jaannaadi| - SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13, sU. 5.5.62, pR. 329 119. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.62, pR. 330-331

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[416] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 3. RjukAyagata - jo padArtha jisa rUpa meM sthita hai, use abhinaya dvArA usI prakAra dikhalAne vAle kAya ko RjukAya kahate haiN| manogata artha ko RjurUpa se abhinaya karake dikhAye gaye artha ko jAnane vAlA jJAna RjukAyagata mana:paryAyajJAna kahalAtA hai| kasAyapAhuDa evaM SaTkhaNDAgama ke samAna hI sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArtharAjavArtika, tattvArthazlokavArtika, gommaTasAra Adi grathoM meM bhI Rjumati ke lakSaNa aura bheda kA varNana prApta hotA hai|21 Rju kA artha sarala aura spaSTa hai, ata: uparyukta tInoM bhedoM kA viSaya anukrama se anya jIva ke spaSTa vicAra, spaSTavANI aura spaSTavartana se vyakta huA manogata artha hai| 22 anya jIva ke spaSTa vicAra, vANI aura vartana jo vistRta hue hoM to unako RjumatijJAna dvArA jAnA jA sakatA haiN|123 RjumatijJAna kI prakriyA mahAbandha evaM dhavalATIkA meM isa prakAra dI gaI hai ki mana:paryavajJAnI pahale apane matijJAna se dUsare ke mana ko grahaNa karatA hai tathA phira RjumatijJAna se usake mana meM cintita artha ko jAnatA hai| Rjumati mana:paryAyajJAnI dUsare ke mana ko grahaNa kara usakI saMjJA (pratyabhijJAna) smRti, cintA, mati Adi ko jAnatA hai aura vyakta mana vAle jIvoM ke jIvana-maraNa, lAbha-alAbha, sukha-du:kha, nagara-vinAza, deza vinAza, janapada vinAza, ativRSTi, anAvRSTi, suvRSTi, durvRSTi, subhikSa, durbhikSa, kSema, akSema, bhaya, roga, udbhrama, ibhrama yA saMbhrama ko bhI jAnatA hai|124 tattvArtharAjavArtika meM bhI isI prakAra kA varNana hai|25| SaTkhaNDAgama evaM dhavalATIkA meM mana:paryavajJAna ke pUrva matijJAna athavA mana se dUsare ke mana ko grahaNa karane kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| matijJAna ko mana kaha dene para prazna upasthita hotA hai ki matijJAna ko mana kI saMjJA kaise dI jA sakatI hai? samAdhAna meM kahA gayA hai ki kArya meM kAraNa ke upacAra se matijJAna ko mana kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai| Rjumati manaHparyavajJAnI jahA~ matijJAna ke dvArA dUsaroM ke mAnasa ko grahaNa karake hI mana:paryAyajJAna ke dvArA usake mana meM sthita arthoM ko jAnatA hai, vahA~ vipulamati mana:maryavajJAna kA yaha niyama nahIM haiM, kyoMki vaha acintita arthoM ko bhI viSaya karatA hai| Rjumati mana:paryavajJAna dvArA kyA-kyA jAnA jAtA hai? to isakA uttara hai ki "paresiM saNNA sadi madi cintA" arthAt dUsaroM kI saMjJA, smRti, mati, cintA Adi ko jAnatA hai|26 __ Rjumati mana:paryavajJAnI vyakta mana vAle apane aura dUsare jIvoM se saMbaMdha rakhane vAle artha ko jAnatA hai arthAt jisakA mana saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya se rahita hai una vyakta mana vAle tathA sva se saMbaMdha rakhane vAle anya artha ko jAnatA hai, paraMtu avyakta mana vAle jIvoM se sambandha rakhane vAle anya artha ko jAnane meM yaha jJAna samartha nahIM haiN| 27 120. kaSAyapAhuDa, gAthA 1, pR. 18 121. sarvArthasiddhi 1.23 pR 91, tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.23.9, pR. 58, tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.23.2,3, pR. 245, gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa gAthA 439, pR. 665 122. sarvArthasiddhi 1.23, tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.23.9, dhavalATIkA, bhAga 13, sUtra 5.5.62, pR. 329 123. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.23.9, pR. 58 124. mahAbaMdha bhAga 1, pR. 30 125. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.29.9, pR. 58 126. SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.63, pR. 332 se 337 127. kiMci bhUo-appaNo paresiM ca vattamANANaM jIvANaM jANAdi No AvattamANANaM jIvANaM jaanndi| -SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sUtra. 5.5.64, pR. 337

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SaSTha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM manaHparyavajJAna [417] uparyukta carcA kA yaha niSkarSa hai ki Rjumati mana:paryavajJAnI vyakta mana vAle jIvoM se sambandha rakhane vAle yA vartamAna jIvoM ke vartamAna mana se saMbaMdha rakhane vAle trikAlavartI padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, atIta mana aura anAgata mana se sambandha rakhane vAle padArthoM ko nahIM jAnatA hai| vipulamati manaHparyavajJAna ke prabheda vipula kA artha anirvartita aura kuTila arthAt dUsare ke mana ko prApta hue vacana, kAya aura manakRta artha ke vijJAna se anivartita arthAt jisakI mati vipula ho, vaha vipulamati kahalAtA hai| 128 vipulamati ke chaha prabheda haiN|29 ve isa prakAra hai - 1.Rjumanogata, 2.Rjuvacanagata, 3. RjukAyagata, 4. anRjumanaskRtArthajJa, 5. anRjuvAkkRtArthajJa aura 6. anRjukaaykRtaarthjny| RjumatijJAna kI zakti Rju vicArAdi taka maryAdita hai, jabaki vipulamati Rju (sarala) aura anRju (vakra) donoM prakAra ke vicArAdi ko jAna sakatA hai| akalaMka anuju kA artha aspaSTa karate haiM, jisako dhavalATIkAkAra vIrasenAcArya saMzaya aura anadhyavasAya kahate haiN| dolAyamAna sthiti saMzaya hai, ayathArtha pratIti arthAt viparIta cintana viparyaya hai aura ardhaciMtana tathA aciMtana anadhyavasAya hai| vipulamati vartamAna meM cintana kiye gaye viSaya ko to jAnatA hI hai, sAtha hI cintana karake bhUle hue viSaya ko bhI jAnatA hai, jisakA Age cintana kiyA jAyegA, use bhI jAnatA hai| yaha vipulamati mana:paryAya jJAnI matijJAna se dUsare ke mAnasa ko athavA matijJAna ke viSaya ko grahaNa karane ke anantara hI manaHparyAya se jAnatA hai|130 ___ Rjumati jJAna kI taraha yaha jJAna vyakta mana vAle apane aura dUsare jIvoM se sambandha rakhane vAle artha ko to jAnatA hI hai, sAtha hI avyakta manavAle jIvoM se sambandha rakhane vAle artha ko bhI jAnatA hai| cintA meM ardha pariNata, cintita vastu ke smaraNa se rahita aura cintA meM avyApta mana avyakta kahalAtA hai| isase bhinna mana vyakta kahalAtA hai|31 yaha jJAna bhI Rjumati jJAna kI taraha dUsare jIvoM ke mana meM cintita saMjJA, smRti, mati, cintA, jIvana-maraNa, lAbha-alAbha, sukha-du:kha, nagara-vinAza, deza-vinAza, janapada-vinAza, ativRSTi, anAvRSTi, suvRSTi, durvRSTi, subhikSa, durbhikSa, kSema, akSema, bhaya, roga rUpa padArthoM ko jAnatA hai| akalaMka ne vipulamati ko vistAra se samajhAyA hai| 32 isake alAvA kaSAyapAhuDa, mahAbaMdha, tatvArthavRti, dhavalATIkA, gommaTasAra133 Adi graMthoM meM manaHparyavajJAna ke bheda aura prabhedoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM mAnyatA bheda Rjumati aura vipulamati manaHparyavajJAna ke prabhedoM kA ullekha zvetAmbara Agama-graMthoM meM nahIM haiN| donoM paramparAoM meM Rjumati aura vipulamati ke prabhedoM ke sambandha meM apekSA vizeSa se mAnyatA bheda hai| digambara sAhitya meM jo Rjumati aura vipulamati mana:paryavajJAna ke prabheda kiye gae haiM, unake 128. anivartitA kuTilA ca vipulaa| vAkkAyamana:kRtArthasya parakIyamanogatasya vijJAnAt vipulA martiyasya so'yaM / ___-sarvArthasiddhi, adhyAya 1.23, pR. 91 129. jaM taM viulamadimaNapajjavayaNANAvaraNIyaMNAma kammaM taM chavviha ujjugamaNujugaM maNogadaM jANAdi, ujjugamaNujjugaM vacigadaM jANAdi, ujjugamaNujugaM kAyagajudaM jaannaadi| - dhavalATIkA bhAga 13 sUtra 5.5.70, pR. 340 130. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.23.10, pR. 59, dhavalATIkA bhAga 13, sUtra 5.5.70, pR. 340, gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa gAthA 440 131. SaTakhaNDAgama pu. 13 pR. 340 132. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.23, pR. 58-59 133. kasAyapAhuDa pR. 18, mahAbaMdha bhAga 1, pR. 25-26, tattvArthavRtti, pR. 356, gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa gAthA 455-457

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[418] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana pIche koI apekSA rahI hogI, phira bhI siddhAntataH ina donoM paramparAoM meM koI virodha nahIM hai| yadi inameM virodha hotA to avazya hI koI na koI zvetAmbara AcArya ina prabhedoM kA virodha athavA khaNDana karate, lekina aisA khaNDana vartamAna samaya taka dRSTigocara nahIM huA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI mana:paryavajJAna kA viSaya mana kI hI paryAya hai, jaiseki Rjumati manaHparyavajJAna ke jo tIna bheda kiye haiM, unameM sarvaprathama dUsare ke mana kI paryAya ko jo ki sAmAnya (sarala) rUpa se cintana kI gaI, usako jAnakara hI Rjumati mana:paryavajJAnI apane mana meM cintana karatA hai ki isa vyakti ne amuka prakAra kA ciMtana kiyA hai yaha Rjumanogata jJAna hai| dUsare ke mana kI paryAyoM ko dekhakara use vacana dvArA dUsare ko kahanA ki yaha vyakti amuka vastu kA cintana kara rahA hai, yaha Rjuvacanagata jJAna hai aura dUsare ke mana kI paryAyoM ko dekhakara use kAyA kI ceSTA ke dvArA prakaTa karanA ki amuka vyakti isa prakAra kA cintana kara rahA hai yaha RjukAyagata jJAna hai| isI prakAra vipulamati ke chaha bheda haiM, usameM bhI dUsare ke mana kI paryAyoM ke AdhAra para prathama tIna bhedoM meM sarala rUpa se cintana kI gaI vastu ko jAnanA, kahanA aura kAyA se batAnA aura zeSa tIna bhedoM meM vakra yA kuTila rUpa se cintana kI gaI vastu ko jAnanA, kahanA aura btaanaa| isa prakAra ina prabhedoM meM mukhya rUpa se dUsare ke mana kI paryAyoM ko hI jAnA jAtA hai aura usI ke anusAra jAnanA, kahanA aura kAyA se batAnA hotA hai| ataH mana:paryavajJAnI kA jJAna svayaM ke manogata rahegA athavA dUsaroM ke lie vacanagata athavA kAyagata rhegaa| isalie zvetAmbara paramparA meM Rjumati aura vipulamati ke prabhedoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai, lekina arthAntara se inakA varNana mila jAtA hai| mana:paryavajJAnI mana kI hI paryAya kA grahaNa karatA hai, vacana aura kAyA kI nahIM, kintu mana meM hI vacana aura kAyA se sambandhita jo ciMtana kiyA gayA hai, use jAnatA hai| isa apekSA se Rjumati ke tIna aura vipulamati ke chaha bheda samajhe jA sakate haiN| saMkSepa meM Rjumati tathA vipulamati mana:paryayajJAna ke viSaya do prakAra ke hote haiM - 1. zabdagata tathA 2. arthgt| 1. zabdagata - jaba kisI ne Akara pUchA to usake mana kI bAta manaHparyAyajJAnI jAna sakatA hai, yaha zabdagata mana:paryavajJAna huA hai| 2. arthagata - koI nahIM pUche to mauna pUrvaka sthita ho to usake manogata viSaya ko jo manaHparyavajJAnI jAnatA hai, vaha arthagata mana:paryavajJAna hai| isa viSaya meM se Rjumati mana:paryavajJAnI spaSTa mana, vacana aura kAyA ke zabdagata aura arthagata ko evaM vipulamati mana, vacana aura kAyA ke spaSTa aura aspaSTa donoM ke zabdagata aura arthagata viSaya ko jAnatA hai| uparyukta bhedoM aura prabhedoM kA nimna cArTa dvArA darzAyA gayA hai| manaHparyavajJAna Rjamati vipulamati Rjumanogata Rjuvacanagata ta RjukAyagata / Rjukaaygt| Rjumanogata Rjuvacanagata RjukAyagata anRjumanaskRtArthajJa anRjuvAkkRtArthajJa anRjukAyakRtArthajJa

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[419] SaSTha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM manaHparyavajJAna Rjumati-vipulamati kI tulanA 1. tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti ne Rjumati aura vipulamati meM antara batAne ke lie vizuddhi aura apratipAta vizeSaNa diye haiM - 'vizuddhayapratipAtAmbhAM tadvizeSaH' AtmA ke sAtha pahale se baMdhe hue mana:paryavajJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama hone para jo AtmA kI prasannatA hotI hai, vaha vizuddhi hai tathA mohanIya karma kA udaya nahIM hone ke kAraNa saMyamazikhara se pratipAta (giranA) nahIM honA apratipAta hai| Rjumati manaHparyAyajJAna bhI vizuddha hai, kintu vipulamati mana:paryAyajJAna usakI apekSA vizuddhatara hai| isI prakAra Rjumati mana:paryAyajJAna jahA~ utpanna hone ke pazcAt samApta hone se pratipAtI hai, vahAM vipulamati mana:paryAya jJAna eka bAra prakaTa hone ke pazcAt kevalajJAna hone ke pUrva taka samApta nahIM hone se apratipAtI hai| 34 isaprakAra tattvArthasUtra aura naMdI Adi ke TIkAkAra aisA mAnate haiM ki vipulamati mana:paryavajJAna kevalajJAna kI utpatti ke pUrvataka vidyamAna rahatA hai, kyoMki vaha apratipAtI hai| 'apratipAtI' zabda kA prayoga bhavaparyanta rahane ke artha meM bhI prApta hotA hai, kyoMki nArakI aura devatA meM jo avadhijJAna hotA hai, vaha apratipAtI avadhijJAna hotA hai| nArakI aura devatA ke prasaMga meM apratipAtI kA artha bhava ke aMtima samaya taka rahanA hI uparyukta pratIta hotA hai| tattvArtharAjavArtikakAra ne bhI pratipAtI kA artha kiyA hai bijalI kI camaka kI taraha vinAzazIla bIca meM hI chUTanevAlA aura apratipAtI kA artha isakA viparIta kiyA hai|135 Agama meM to vipulamatI manaHparyavajJAna ko vizuddha vizuddhatara to batAyA hai, lekina apratipAtI kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| TIkAkAroM ne uparyukta jo apratipAtI kA artha kiyA hai, vaha ucita nahIM hai yahA~ bhI apratipAtI kA artha usa bhava ke aMtima samaya taka vidyamAna rahanA aisA karanA hI upayukta hai, kyoMki jinako vipulamati mana:paryavajJAna hotA hai, Avazyaka nahIM kI unako usI bhava meM kevalajJAna ho hii| isa kathana kI siddhi pramANa sahita avadhijJAna ke varNana meM pR. 367-368 para kara dI gaI hai| jIva Rjumati se aura sAdhutva se gira kara naraka nigoda meM bhI jA sakatA hai|136 parantu vipulamati meM aisA nahIM hotA hai| upazAMtakaSAya jIva kA cAritra mohanIya ke udaya se saMyama zikhara chUTa jAtA hai, jisase pratipAta hotA hai aura kSINa kaSAya jIva ke patana kA kAraNa nahIM hone se pratipAta nahIM hotA hai|37 isa apekSA se to Rjumati mana:paryavajJAnI upazAMta kaSAyI aura vipulamati mana:paryavajJAnI kSINa kaSAyI hote haiN| lekina aisA ekAMta mAnanA sahI nahIM hai| kyoMki bhagavatI sUtra ke zataka 3 uddezaka 6 meM nirgrantha meM cAra jJAna ho sakate haiN| yahA~ nirgrantha meM 11veM aura 12veM guNasthAna vAle jIva lie haiN| isalie Rjumati mana:paryavajJAna upazAnta aura kSINa kaSAyI donoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| jinakA mAnanA hai ki vipulamatijJAnI ko kevalajJAna prApta hotA hai, unakI apekSA se to kSINa kaSAya meM tathA jo apratipAtI kA artha bhava paryanta karate haiM, unake mata se upAzAMta aura kSINa kaSAyI donoM meM Rjumati manaHparyavajJAna pAyA jA sakatA hai| 134. tattvArthasUtra 1.25 135. pratipAtIti vinAzI vidyutprkaashvt| tdvpriito'prtipaatii| - tattvArtharAjavArtika sUtra 1.22.5 pR. 56 136. bhagavatI sUtra zataka 24 uddezaka 21 137. savArthasiddhi 1.23

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[420] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 2. svAmI kI dRSTi se Rjumati kA svAmI upazAMta kaSAyI hotA hai, jabaki vipulamati kA svAmI kSINakaSAyI hai| 3. apekSA kI dRSTi se Rjumati ko anya ke mana, vacana aura kAyA kI apekSA rahatI hai, jabaki vipulamati ko ukta apekSA kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai|39 4. vizuddhi kI apekSA se Rjumati se vipulamati dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA vizuddhatara hotA hai| 140 5. pramANa kI dRSTi se RjumatijJAna jitane dravya-kSetra-kAla aura bhAva ko jAnatA hai, usakI apekSA vipulamatijJAnI adhika jAnatA hai| mana:paryavajJAna dravya-kSetra-kAla aura bhAva kA vistAra se varNana Age kiyA gayA hai|41 6. sUkSmatA kI apekSA se Rjumati kI apekSA vipulamati kA jJAna vizeSa sUkSma hotA hai| kyoMki sarvAvadhi ke viSaya kA anaMtavAM bhAga Rjumati kA viSaya hai aura usakA bhI anaMtavAM bhAga vipulamati kA viSaya hai| 142 ___7. Rjumati aura vipulamati meM bheda kI apekSA se naMdIsUtra meM nimna zabda diye haiN| Rjumati mana:paryavajJAnI jina bhAvoM ko jAnatA hai, vipulamati mana:paryavajJAnI unhIM bhAvoM ko adhikatara vipulatara vizuddhatara aura ujjvalatara rUpa se jAnatA dekhatA hai|143 jaiseki __ 1. abbhahiyatarAgaM (abbhahiyatarAe)- vipulamati Rjumati kI apekSA abhyadhika (eka dizA kI apekSA) jJAna hai| 44 2. viulatarAgaM (viutatarAe)- saba dizA meM ho vAle jJAna kA vipulatara kahA jAtA hai|45 cUrNikAra ne abhyadhikatara aura vipulatara ke tIna vaikalpika artha kie haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM - 1. yadi eka ghar3e se dUsare ghar3e meM adhika pAnI AtA hai to vaha ghar3A pahale ghar3e se abhyadhika hai aura jo abhyadhika hotA hai, usakA kSetra vipula (vistIrNa) ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra vipulamati ke viSayabhUta manodravya kA kSetra adhika hotA hai| 46 2. Rjumati lambAI (AyAma) cauDAI (viSkaMbha) kI apekSA se abhyadhikatara kSetra ko jAnatA hai, jabaki vipulamati kSetra ke moTAI (bAhalya) ko bhI jAnatA hai, isalie vaha vipulatara kSetra ko jAnatA hai| 147 138. apratipAtenApi vipulamatirviziSTaH, svAminAM pravarddhamAnacAritrodayatvAt / Rjumati punaH pratipAtI, svAminAM kaSAyodrekAddhIyamAna caaritrodytvaat| sarvArthasiddhi 1.24 pR. 93, tattvArthavArtika 1.24.2 pR. 59 139. jadi maNapajjayaNANamiMdiya-NoiMdiya-jogAviNiravekkhaM saMtaM uppajjadi to paresiM maNa-vayaNa kaay| - dhavalATIkA, pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.62, pR. 331 140. sarvArthasiddhi 1.23 141. prastuta adhyAya, pR. 424-433 142. tattvArtha sUtra 1.29, sarvArthasiddhi 1.28, tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.28. tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.28.3,4 143. taM ceva viulamatI abbhahiyatarAe viulatarAe visuddhatarAe vitimiratarAe jANai paasi| - naMdIsUtra, pR. 49 144.rijumatikhettovalaMbhappamANato vipulamatI abbhahiyatayarAgaM khettaM uvalabhai tti / egadisiM pi abbhahiyasaMbhavo bhvti| naMdIcUrNi,pR. 40 145. samaMtato jamhA abbhahiyaMti tamhA vipulatarAgaM bhnnnnti| - naMdIcUrNi, pR. 40 146. ahavA jahA ghaDAto jalAhArattaNato abbhahio so puNa niyamA ghaDAgAsakhetteNa viutalaro bhavati, evaM viulamatI abbhahiyatarAgaM ___maNoladdhijIvadavvAdhArakhettaM jANati, taM ca niyamA vipulataraM ityrthH| - naMdIcUrNi, pR. 40 147. ahavA AyAmavikkhaMbheNaM abbhahiyatarAgaM bAhalleNa viulataraM khettaM upalabhata ityrthH| - naMdIcUrNi, pR. 40

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SaSTha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM manaHparyavajJAna [421] 3. abhyadhikatara aura vipulatara ekArthaka haiN| viziSTa vizuddhi vizeSa rUpa se darzAye gaye tara zabda se hotI hai| jaise zukla aura shukltr| 48 visuddhatarAe (vizuddhatara) aura vitimiratarAe (vitimiratara) ekArthaka haiM tathA inameM kucha bhinnatA bhI hai| jisa prakAra prakAzaka dravya vizeSa se kSetra vizuddhi vizeSa dikhAI detI hai, usI prakAra mana:paryavajJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se Rjumati kI apekSA vipulamati vizuddhatara jAnatA hai| mana:paryavajJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama vizeSa se prApta hone ke kAraNa yaha vitimiratara bhI kahA jAtA hai athavA pUrvabaddha manaHparyavajJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama ke kAraNa vaha vizuddha kahA jAtA hai| usake AvaraNa ke bandhane kA abhAva hone se pUrvabaddha kA anudaya hone se vaha bhI vitimiratara kahA jAtA hai| 49 8. utkRSTa Rjumati aura vipulamati, ye donoM AnugAmika hote haiM, anAnugAmika nhiiN| madhyagata hote haiM, antagata nhiiN| sambaddha hote haiM, asambaddha nhiiN| jaghanya Rjumati saba prakAra kA saMbhava hai| 9. Rjumati varddhamAna hokara vipulamati ho sakatA hai, para vipulamati hIyamAna hokara Rjumati nahIM ho sktaa| manaHparyavajJAna ke jJeya saMbandhI vicAra mana:paryavajJAnI ke mana:paryavajJAna kA kyA jJeya viSaya hai, isake sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai? ina matabhedoM kI carcA paMDita sukhalAlajI ne jJAnabinduprakaraNa'51 meM do matoM ke rUpa meM kI hai:1. prathama mata __ manaHparyavajJAnI mana ke dvArA cintyamAna vastu (manogata artha) ko jAnatA hai arthAt kisI jIva ne mana meM jisa sacetana athavA acetana artha kA vicAra kiyA hai, usako AtmA ke dvArA mana:paryAyajJAna pratyakSa jAnatA hai| isakA yaha artha huA ki mana ke dvArA cintita artha ke jJAna ke lie mana ko mAdhyama nahIM mAnakara sIdhA usa artha kA pratyakSa hotA hai| isa mata ke samarthaka mana ke paryAya aura arthaparyAya meM liGga aura liGgI kA sambandha nahIM mAnate haiN| mana mAtra jJAna meM sahAyaka hai| jaise kisI ne sUrya bAdaloM meM hai aisA dekhA to usake isa jJAna meM bAdala to sUrya ko jAnane ke lie AdhAra mAtra haiM, vAstava meM pratyakSa to artha kA hI huA hai| isalie manaHparyavajJAna meM mana kI AdhAra rUpa meM AvazyakatA hai| 52 prathama mata ke samarthaka - niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu, devavAcaka, puSpadanta-bhUtabali, umAsvAti, pUjyapAda akalaMka, vIrasenAcArya, vidyAnaMda Adi AcAryoM ne uparyukta prathama pakSa kA samarthana kiyA hai| naMdIsUtra meM bhI manaHparyavajJAna kA viSaya ciMtana kI gaI vastu ko mAnA hai| "maNapajavaNANaM puNa, jnnmnnpriciNtiytthpaagddnnN|"153 arthAt manaHparyavajJAnI manuSyakSetra meM rahe hue prANiyoM ke mana dvArA pariciMtita artha ko prakaTa karane vAlA hai| isI prakAra Avazyakaniyukti evaM tattvArthabhASya kA bhI mata 148.ahavA do'vi padA egaTThA visiTThavisuddhivisesadaMsago tarasaddo tti yathA zukla: zuklatara iti| - naMdIcUrNi, pR. 40 149. jahA pagAsagadavvavisesAto khettavisuddhi viseso lakkhijjati tahA maNapajjavaNANAvaraNavisesAto rijumaNapajjavaNANi samIvAto vipulamaNapajjavaNANI visuddhatarAgaM jANati, maNapajavaNANAvaraNakhayovasamuttamalaMbhattaNato vA vitimiratarAgaM ti bhaNNati / ahavA puvvabaddhamaNapajjavaNANAvaraNa-khayovasamuttamalaMbhattaNao visuddhaM ti bhaNati tassevAvaraNabajjhamANassa'bhAvattaNato puvvabaddhassa ya aNudayattaNatovitimiratarAgaM ti bhnnnnti| - naMdIcUrNi, pR. 40 150. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 81 151. jJAnabinduprakaraNam, paricaya, pR. 41 152. sarvArthasiddhi 1.9, tattvArtharAjavartika 1.26.6-7 153. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra, pR 52

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[422] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana hai|54 pUjyapAda, akalaMka 55 Adi AcAryoM ne bhI mana:paryava zabdagata mana kA artha dUsare kA manogata artha kiyA haiN| jaise ki "parakIyamanogato'rtho mana ityucyte|''156 isI prakAra tattvArtharAjavArtika, dhavalATIkA aura tattvArthazlokavArtika Adi meM bhI isI prakAra artha kiyA gayA hai|57 yaha artha mUrta hai yA amUrta, isakI spaSTatA niyukti, naMdI sUtra, SaTkhaNDAgama Adi meM prApta nahIM hotI hai| isakI spaSTatA sarvaprathama umAsvAti ne karate hue kahA hai ki artha (manaHparyava kA viSaya) rUpI dravya hai|58 SaTakhaNDAgama ke matAnusAra sarva prathama dUsare ke mana kA jJAna hotA hai aura usake bAda meM dUsaroM kI manogata saMjJA, smRti, mati aura citta arthAt manojJAna ke uparAMta anya jIva ke maraNa, sukha-du:kha, lAbha-alAbha, kSema-akSema, bhaya, roga aura nagara vikAsa, deza vikAsa ativRSTi-anAvRSTi, suvRSTidurvRSTi, subhikSa-durbhikSa Adi ko jAnatA hai|59 bhUtakAla meM Acarita, vartana, vANI aura vicAra kA kisI jIva ko vismaraNa ho jAtA hai to bhI manaHparyavajJAnI binA pUche hI jAna sakatA hai| itanA hI nahIM bhaviSya ke janmoM ko bhI jAna sakatA hai|61 isakA artha yaha huA ki manaHparyavajJAnI tInoM kAla ke vicAra, vANI aura vartana ko jAna sakatA hai| isa prakAra prathama matAnusAra mana:paryavajJAnI dUsare ke mana ko sAkSAt jAnatA hai| 2. dUsarA mata ciMtana pravRtta manodravya kI avasthAeM arthAt manogata artha kA vicAra karane se jo mana kI dazA hotI hai, usa dazA athavA paryAyoM ko mana:paryAyajJAnI pratyakSa jAnatA hai| kintu una dazAoM meM jo artha rahA huA hai, usakA anumAna karatA hai arthAt isa mata vAle artha kA jJAna anumAna se mAnate haiM kyoMki mana kA jJAna mukhya aura artha kA jJAna bAda kI vastu hai| mana ke jJAna se artha kA jJAna hotA hai| pratyakSa rUpa se artha kA jJAna nahIM hotA hai| mana:paryAya kA vAstivika artha hai ki mana kI paryAyoM kA jJAna, na ki artha kI paryAyoM kA jJAna / 162 eka pakSa manaHparyavajJAna kA viSaya dUsare ke manogata artha ko svIkAra karatA hai aura isake viparIta dUsarA pakSa dUsare ke dravyamana (paracitta kA sAkSAtkAra) ko manaHparyavajJAna kA viSaya mAnatA hai| dvitIya mata ke samarthaka - jinabhadragaNi, jinadAsagaNi, haribhadra, malayagiri, yazovijaya Adi AcAryoM ne dvitIya pakSa kA samarthana kiyA hai arthAt dravya mana kI paryAyoM ko manaHparyavajJAna kA viSaya mAnA hai| yahA~ para yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki mana kI paryAyoM ko jAnane ke sAtha unameM cintyamAna padArthoM ko jAnane kI mAnyatA ucita hai yA anucita, isa sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki cintyamAna 154. avadhijJAnaviSayasyAnanta bhAgaM manaHparyAyajJAnI jAnIte rUpidravyANi manorahasyavicAragatAni ca mAnuSakSetraparyAnnAni vizuddhatarANi ceti| - umAsvAti, tattvArthAdhigamasUtram (tattvArthabhASya), sUtra 1.29 155. parakIyamanogatArthajJAna mana:paryayaH / tatvArthavArtika 1.9.4 aura 1.23.2-4 156. sarvArthasiddhi 1.9 pR. 67, isI prakAra parakIya manasi vyavasthito'rthaH anena jJAyate ityetaavdtraapekssyte| 1.23, pR. 92 157. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.9.4, pR. 32, SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalATIkA), pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.60, pR. 328, tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.23.13, pR. 246 158. rUpidravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSvavadherviSayanibandho bhvit| tadanantabhAge mn:pryaaysyeti| - tattvArthabhASya, 1.26, pR. 104 159. maNeNa mANasaM paDiviMdaittA paresiM saNNA sadi .... jaannaavi| SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalATIkA) pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.63, pR. 332 160. tatvArthavArtika 1.23.4 161. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.65, pR. 338 162. vizeSAvazyakabhASya,gAthA 814

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SaSTha adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM manaH paryavajJAna padArtha mUrta bhI ho sakatA hai evaM amUrta bhii| kintu dUsare ke manogata artha ko amUrta mAnA jAtA haiM, to vahA~ para prathama mata ke anusAra amUrta manogata artha ko manaH paryavajJAna kA viSaya mAnane meM visaMgati AyegI kyoMki chadmastha jIva amUrta viSaya ko dekha nahIM sakatA hai| vizeSyAzyakabhASya meM manaHparyavajJAna kA jJeya [423] uparyukta visaMgati ko dUra karane ke lie jinabhadragaNi aura maladhArI hemacandra ne dUsare ke mana ko manaH paryavajJAna kA viSaya mAnA aura bAhya artha ko anumAna se jAnanA svIkAra hai| jJAnAtmaka citta ko jAnane kI kSamatA manaH paryavajJAna meM nahIM hai, kyoMki jJAnAtmaka cita to amUrta (arUpI) hotA hai| jabaki manaH paryava jJAna kA viSaya mUrta rUpI vastueM haiN| sabhI jainadArzanikoM ke anusAra manaH paryavajJAnI rUpI dravyoM ko jAnatA hai / mana kA nirmANa manodravya kI vargaNA se hotA hai / mana paudgalika hai aura mana:paryavajJAnI manovargaNA ke paryAyoM kA jAnatA hai / lekina jisa vastu kA mana meM ciMtana kiyA jAtA hai vaha ciMtanIya vastu manaH paryava jJAna kA viSaya nahIM hai| usa ciMtana kI gaI vastu ko mana ke paudgalika skaMdhoM ke AdhAra para anumAna se jAnA jAtA hai|163 yogasUtra aura majjhimanikAya meM bhI dUsare ke citta ko hI manojJAna kA viSaya mAnA gayA hai| jinadAsagaNi, haribhadra, malayagiri 167 aura upAdhyAya yazovijaya Adi AcAryoM ne jinabhadragaNi kA hI samarthana kiyA hai| siddhasenagaNI ke anusAra ciMtana kI jAne vAlI amUrta vastu ko hI nahIM balki staMbha, kuMbha Adi mUrta vastu ko bhI anumAna se hI jAnA jAtA hai| 69 I 168 siddhasenagaNI ne manaH paryava kA artha bhAva mana kiyA hai| dravya mana kA kArya ciMtana nahIM krnaa| ciMtana ke samaya meM jo manovargaNA ke pudgala skaMdhAdi AkRtiyA~ banatI haiM, ve saba pudgala rUpa hotI haiM, jabaki bhAva mana jJAna rUpa hone se amUrta hotA hai / chadmastha amUrta ko nahIM jAna sakatA hai / ciMtana ke samaya manaH paryavajJAnI vibhinna paudgalika skaMdhoM kI bhinna-bhinna AkRtiyoM kA sAkSAtkAra karatA 163. muNai maNodavvAiMnaraloe so maNipajjamANAI / kAle bhUya- bhavisse paliyA saMkhijjabhAgammi / / davyamaNopavAe jAei pAsa va tangaeNate teNAvabhAsie uNa vANai bajjhe'NumANeNaM vRtti manazcintApravartakAni dravyANi manodravyANi |.....cintko hi mUrtamamUrtaM ca vastu cintayet / na ca cchadmastho'mUrtaM sAkSAt pazyati, tato jJAyate - anumAnAdeva cintanIyaM vastuvagacchati / vizeSAvazyakabhASya, maladhArI hemacandra bahadvRtti, gAthA 813-814, pR. 332 164. (a) yogabhASya 3-19, 34 (ba) majmimanikAya, bhAga. 3, pR. 161 165. saNNiNA maNatteNa maNite maNokhaMdhe anaMte aNaMtapadesie davvaTThatAe taggate ya vaNNAdie bhAve maNapajjaNANeNaM paccakkhaM pekkhamANo jANati tti bhaNitaM, muNitamatthaM puNa paccakkhaM Na pekkhAta jeNa maNAlaMbaNaM muttamamuttaM vA so ya chaumattho taM aNumANato pekkhati tti ato pAsaNatA bhaNitA / ( arthAt saMjJI jIva dvArA manarUpa meM pariNata anantapradezI mana ke skandha tathA tadgata varNa Adi bhAvoM ko manaH paryavajJAnI sAkSAt dekhatA hai| vaha cintita padArtha ko pratyakSa nahIM dekhatA, anumAna se dekhatA hai, isalie usakI pazyattA batAI gaI hai| mana kA Alambana mUrta-amUrtta donoM prakAra ke padArtha ho sakate haiN| chadmastha amUrta ko sAkSAt nahIM dekha sakatA / ) naMdIcUrNi, pR. 39 166. hAribhadrIya naMdIvRtti, pR. 41 167. iha manastvapariNataiH skandhairAlocita bAhyamarthaM ghaTAdilakSaNaM sAkSAdadhyakSato manaH paryAyajJAnI na jAnAti, kintu manodravyANAmeva tathArUpapariNAmAnyathAnupapattito'numAnataH / malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 109 168. yazovijayagaNi, jainatarkabhASA, pR. 27 169, ye tu cintyamAnAH stambha- kuMbhAdayastAnaka mAnenAvagacchanti tattvArthAdhigamasUtram (tattvArthabhASyAnusAriNI), pR. 101

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[424] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana hai / isalie mana kI paryAya ko jAnanA arthAt bhAva mana ko jAnanA aisA nahIM mAnanA, balki bhAva mana ke kArya meM nimitta bane manovargaNA ke pudgala skaMdhoM ko jAnatA hai| 70 isa prakAra digambara paramparA meM mAtra prathama mata mAnya hai jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM donoM mata pratIta hote haiN| kintu hemacandra 171 Adi uttakAlIna AcAryoM ke dvArA dvitIya mata ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| uparyukta donoM matoM meM se dvitIya mata adhika ucita pratIta hotA hai, isake do kAraNa haiM - 1. bhAvamana jJAnAtmakarUpa hone se arUpI hotA hai aura arUpI padArthoM ko chadmastha nahIM jAna sakate haiN| lekina bhAva mana meM utpanna vicAroM se dravya mana meM jina manovargaNA ke skaMdhoM kA nimArNa hotA hai, ve pudgalamaya hone se rUpI haiM aura rUpI padArthoM ko chadmastha jAna sakatA hai| ataH manaH paryavajJAna kA viSaya dravya mana hI hotA hai, bhAva mana nhiiN| 2. manaHparyAya jJAna se sAkSAt artha kA jJAna nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki mana:paryavajJAna kA viSaya rUpI dravya kA anantavAM bhAga hai / 172 yadi mana: paryAyajJAnI mana ke sabhI viSayoM kA sAkSAt jJAna kara letA hai to arUpI dravya bhI usake viSaya ho jAte haiN| kyoMki mana ke dvArA arUpI dravya kA bhI cintana ho sakatA hai, lekina manaH paryavajJAnI inheM nahIM jAnatA hai / avadhijJAnI sabhI prakAra ke pudgala dravyoM ko grahaNa kara sakatA hai| kintu manaHparyAyajJAnI unake anantaveM bhAga arthAt mana rUpa bane hue pudgaloM ko mAnuSottara kSetra ke andara jAna sakatA hai mana kA sAkSAtkAra karake usameM cintita artha ko anumAna se jAnatA hai / aisA mAnane para mana ke dvArA soce gaye mUrta-amUrta sabhI dravyoM ko jAna sakatA hai| uparyukta do kAraNoM se dvitIya mata kA pakSa adhika majabUta hone se manaH paryavajJAna kA viSaya dravyamana ko mAnanA adhika tarka saMgata hai| isakA samarthana paM. sukhalAla saMghavI 73 ne bhI kiyA hai| unakA mAnanA hai ki prathama paramparA meM doSa utpanna hone ke kAraNa hI dvitIya mata kA vikAsa huA hai| kyoMki manaH paryavajJAnI dUsare ke mana kI paryAyoM ko hI jAnatA hai, usake mana meM cintyamAna padArthoM ko tabhI jAna sakatA hai jaba mana kI paryAyoM ko jAna liyA ho| mana kI paryAyoM ko jAnane ke bAda yadi cintyamAna padArthoM ko jAnatA hai to unheM anumAna se jAnA jA sakatA hai, yA phira avadhijJAna se / cintana ko jAnanA tathA cintyamAna padArthoM ko jAnanA bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke kArya haiN| uparyukta do mato kA ullekha kailAzacandra zAstrI ne bhI karate hue kahA hai ki zvetAmbara sampradAya meM dUsarA lakSaNa hI mAnya hai aura digambara paramparA meM pahalA lakSaNa mAnya hai / 174 170. mano dvividhaM dravyamano bhAvamanazca tatra dravyamano manovargaNA, bhAvamanastu tA eva vargaNA jIvena gRhItAH satyo manyamAnAzcintyamAnA bhAvamano'bhidhIyate / tatreha bhAvamanaH parigRhyate, tasya bhAvamanasaH paryAyAste caivaMvidhA: - yadA kazcidevaM cintayet kiMsvabhAva AtmA ? jJAnasvabhAvo'mUrtaH kartA sukhAdInAmanubhavitA ityAdayo yaviSayAdhyavasAyAH paragatAsteSu yajjJAnaM teSAM vA vajJAnaM tnmnHpryaayjnyaanm| tAneva manaH paryAyAn paramArthataH samavabudhyate bAhyAstvanumAnAdevetyasI tanmanaH pryaayjnyaanm| tattvArthabhASyAnusAriNI pR. 70 171. manaso dravyarUpasya paryAyAzcintanAnuguNAH pariNAmabhedAstadviSayaM jJAnaM manaH paryAyaH / yadbAhyacintanIyArthajJAne tat AnumAnikameva na mnHpryaayprtykssm| - pramANamImAMsA (paM. sukhalAla saMghavI ), 1.1.18, pR. 15 172. tadanantabhAge mana: paryAyasya / tattvArthasUtra 1.29 173. pramANamImAMsA, bhASATippaNa pR. 37-38 174. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jainanyAya, pR. 162

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SaSTha adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM manaH paryavajJAna manaH paryavajJAna se jAnane kI prakriyA ar3hAI dvIpavartI manavAle saMjJI paMcendriya paryApta kisI bhI vastu kA cintana mana se karate haiN| cintana ke samaya cintanIya vastu ke anusAra mana bhinna-bhinna AkRtiyoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai, ye AkRtiyA~ hI mana kI paryAyeM haiN| ina mAnasika AkRtiyoM ko manaH paryavajJAnI sAkSAt jAnatA hai aura cintanIya vastu ko mana:paryayajJAnI anumAna se jAnatA hai, jaise koI mAnasa zAstrI kisI kA ceharA dekhakara yA pratyakSa ceSTA dekhakara usake AdhAra se vyakti ke manogata bhAvoM ko anumAna se jAna letA hai, usI prakAra mana:paryAya se mana kI AkRtiyoM ko pratyakSa dekhakara bAda meM abhyAsa vaza aisA anumAna kara letA hai ki isa vyakti ne amuka vastu kA cintana kiyA hai| kyoMki usakA mana usa vastu ke cintana ke samaya amuka prakAra kI pariNati AkRti se yukta hai, yadi aisA nahIM hotA to isa prakAra kI AkRti nahIM hotI isa taraha cintanIya vastu kA anyathAnupapatti (isa prakAra ke AkAra vAlA manodravya kA parimANa, isa prakAra ke cintana binA ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA, isa prakAra ke anyathAnupapatti rUpa anumAna) dvArA jAnanA hI anumAna se jAnanA hai / isa taraha yadyapi manaH paryava jJAnI mUrta dravyoM ko hI jAnatA hai, paraMtu anumAna dvArA vaha dharmAstikAyAdi amUrta dravyoM ko bhI jAnatA hai, ina amUrta dravyoM kA usa manaH paryAyajJAnI dvArA sAkSAtkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| kisakA mana manaH paryavajJAna kA viSaya hotA hai ? [425] manaH paryavajJAnI kSetra maryAdA meM rahe sabhI jIvoM kA citta manaH paryava kA viSaya nahIM hotA hai, parantu jo jIva saMjJIpaMcendriya paryApta hote haiM, una jIvoM kA citta ( mana ) hI viSaya banatA hai / 175 to prazna hotA hai ki manaH paryavajJAna kA viSaya saMjJI paMcendriya jIvoM kA mana hI kyoM hotA hai ? isakA samAdhAna isa prakAra hai ki saMjJI jIvoM ke alAvA anya jIvoM meM kucha graMthakAroM ne saMjJIzruta kI tIna saMjJAoM (dIrghakAlikI, hetuvAdopadezikI, dRSTivAdopadezikA) kI apekSA bhAvamana svIkAra kiyA hai arthAt vizeSAvazyakabhASya 76 ke AdhAra se TIkAkAra malayagiri ne ekendriya jIvoM ko bhAvendriyoM kI apekSA paMcendriya batAyA arthAt bhASyakAra aura TIkAkAroM ne ekendriyoM meM eka dravyendriya tathA pA~ca bhAvendriyA~ mAnI haiM, kintu prajJApanA sUtra 77 meM ekendriya meM eka hI bhAvendriya batAI hai| manaH paryavajJAna kA viSaya dravya mana meM ciMtita manovargaNA ke skaMdha haiN| dravya-mana dIrghakAlikI saMjJA kI apekSA se jo saMjJI paMcendriya jIva hai, unhIM ke hotA hai| isalie manaH paryavajJAna kA viSaya saMjJI paMcendriya paryApta jIvoM kA citta (mana) hI hotA hai / kitane jIvoM ke mana ko jAnegA eka mana:paryavajJAnI apane pUre jIvana kAla meM saMkhyAta paryApta saMjJI paMcendriya jIvoM ke mana ko jAna sakatA hai| vaise to aDhAIdvIpa aura samudroM meM paryApta saMjJI paMcendriya jIva asaMkhyAta hote haiM, kintu manaH paryavajJAnI apane jIvana kAla meM saMkhyAta jIvoM ke mana ko hI jAna pAegA, kyoMki jaghanya upayoga kAla eka AvalikA kA bhI mAneM to saMkhyAtavarSa kI Ayu meM saMkhyAta saMjJI paMcendriya ke mana kI bAta ko hI jAna sakegA / yadi ar3hAI dvIpa se bAhara ke soce hue mana ke pudgala yadi aDhAI dvIpa ke andara bhI A jAyeM to zakti hIna hone se manaH paryavajJAnI unheM nahIM jAnatA hai / 175. saNNipaMceMdriyANaM pajjattayANaM maNogae bhAve jANai pAsai, pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 82 176. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 3001 177. prajJApanA sUtra, pada 15 uddezaka 2

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[426] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana mana:paryavajJAna kI sthiti - saMyata meM mana:paryavajJAna jaghanya eka samaya evaM utkRSTa dezona pUrvakoTi taka avasthita rahatA hai| jaba apramatta avasthA meM vartamAna kisI saMyata ko mana:paryava jJAna utpanna hotA hai aura apramatta saMyata avasthA meM usakI mRtyu ho jAtI hai taba vaha usameM eka samaya taka hI mana:paryavajJAnI rahatA hai| utkRSTa dezona pUrva koTi taka avasthiti kA kAraNa yaha hai ki isase adhika saMyata kA jIvanakAla hI nahIM hotA hai aura saMyama ke abhAva meM mana:paryavajJAna bhI nahIM raha sakatA hai| 178 manaHparyavajJAna kA dravyAdi kI apekSA varNana vizeSAvazyakabhASya aura naMdIsUtra Adi meM bhI manaHparyavajJAna saMpekSa meM cAra prakAra kA batAyA hai - dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhaav| isI prakAra bhagavatI sUtra (zataka 8 uddezaka 2) meM bhI varNana hai| mana:paryavajJAna ke pUrva Rjumati aura vipulamati ye jo do prakAra batAeM haiM, unakA hI dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI dRSTi se varNana kiyA jA rahA hai| manaHparyavajJAna kA dravya vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra manaHparyava kA dravya isa prakAra hai - manuSya kSetra meM rahe hue saMjJI jIvoM ke manogata bhAvoM ko kAyayoga se grahaNa karake manoyoga se mana ke rUpa meM pariNamana kiye hue manodravya ke pudgala ko mana:paryavajJAnI jAnatA hai|180 bhagavatI sUtra (zataka 8 uddezaka 2) aura naMdIsUtra kI apekSA - Rjumati ananta pradezI, anaMta skandha jAnate dekhate haiM, unhIM ko vipulamati abhyadhikatA se, vipulatA se, vizuddhatA se, vitimiratA se jAnate dekhate haiN| 181 manovargaNA ke ananta pradezI skandhoM se nirmita saMjJI jIvoM kI manogata payAryoM ko tathA unake dvArA cintanIya dravya yA vastu ko manaHparyavajJAnI spaSTa rUpa se jAnatA aura dekhatA hai| jaghanya Rjumati mana:paryAyajJAnI saMjJI jIva ke manarUpa meM pariNata manovargaNA ke ananta pradezI ananta skandhoM ko jAnatA hai| utkRSTa Rjumati mana:paryAyajJAnI manovargaNA ke anaMta pradezI ananta skandha hI jAnate haiM, kintu jaghanya manaHparyAyajJAna se anantaguNA adhika hote haiN| madhyama Rjumati mana:paryAyajJAnI jaghanya Rjumati kI apekSA se adhika aura utkRSTa Rjumati kI apekSA kama manovargaNA ke skandha dravya jAnate haiN| vipulamati manaHparyavajJAnI Rjumati jitane skandha dekhate haiM, unakI apekSA pariNAma meM adhikatara aura vipulatara skandha dekhate haiM evaM spaSTatA kI apekSA adhika vizuddhatara dekhate haiM, vitimiratara arthAt bhrAnti rahita jAnate aura dekhate haiN| gommaTasAra (jIvakAMDa) ke anusAra - dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ko lekara jIva ke dvArA cintita pudgala dravya aura usase sambaddha jIvadravya ko jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa bheda se Rjumati aura vipulamati mana:paryayajJAnI jAnate haiN| dravya kI apekSA se Rjumati mana:paryayajJAnI audArika zarIra ke nijIrNa samaya prabaddha jaghanya dravya ko jAnate haiM aura utkRSTa dravya ke rUpa meM cakSu indriya ke nijIrNa dravya ko jAnate haiN| vipulamati manodravya vargaNA ke vikalpoM ke anantaveM bhAgarUpa dhruvahAra se 178. yucAvAcArya madhukaramuni, prajJApanAsUtra bhAga 2, pada 18, pR. 356 179. taM samAsao cauvvihaM paNNattaM, taM jahA - 1. davvao, 2. khittao, 3. kAlao, 4. bhaavo| 180. naraloke tiryagloke manyamAnAni saMjJibhijIrvaiH kAyayogena gRhItvA manoyogena manastvena pariNamitAnItyarthaH / tadayaM dravyato viSaya uktH| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 814 kI TIkA, pR. 332 181. tattha davvao NaM ujjumaI aNaMte aNaMtapaesie khaMdhe jANai pAsai, taM caiva viulamaI abbhahiyaMtarAe viulatarAe visuddhatarAe vitimiratarAe jANai paasi| -pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 81

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SaSTha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM mana:paryavajJAna [427] Rjumati ke viSayabhUta utkRSTa dravya meM bhAga dene para jo pramANa AtA hai, vaha vipulamati ke viSayabhUta jaghanya dravya kA parimANa hotA hai evaM AThoM karmoM ke visrasopacaya rahita sAmAnya samaya prabaddha meM dhruvahAra se eka bAra bhAga dene para jo eka khaNDa AtA hai, vaha vipulamati kA viSaya dUsarA dravya hotA hai, usa dUsare dravya meM asaMkhyAta kalpakAla ke samayoM kI saMkhyA jitanI hai, utanI bAra dhruvahAra se bhAga dene para jo parimANa prApta hotA hai, vaha vipulamati ke viSayabhUta sarva utkRSTa dravya hotA hai|82 manaHparyavajJAna kA kSetra bhagavatI sUtra aura naMdIsUtra kI apekSA se - Rjumati mana:paryavajJAnI, jaghanya se aMgula kA asaMkhyAtavA~ bhAga jAnate dekhate haiM tathA utkRSTa se nIce isa ratnaprabhA pRthvI ke uparima adhastana kSudra pratara taka jAnate dekhate haiM Upara jyotiSiyoM ke uparitala taka jAnate dekhate haiN| tirache manuSya kSetra taka jAnate dekhate haiN| manuSya kSetra meM aDhAIdvIpa haiM, do samudra haiN| aDhAIdvIpa meM pandraha karma bhUmi, tIsa akarmabhUmiyA~ aura lavaNa samudra meM chappana antarvIpa haiN| ina saba kSetroM meM jitane saMjJI paMcendriya paryApta pazu, mAnava athavA deva haiM, unake manogata bhAvoM ko jAnate-dekhate haiN| usI kSetra ko vipulamati eka dizA se bhI ar3hAI aMgula adhika aura sabhI dizAoM meM bhI r3hAI aMgula vipulatara jAnate dekhate haiM tathA una kSetra-gata manodravyoM ko vizuddhatara tathA vitimiratara jAnate dekhate haiN|183 loka ke madhya bhAga meM AkAza ke ATha rucaka pradeza haiM jahA~ se pUrva-pazcima-uttara-dakSiNa aura UMcI (vimalA) nIce (tamA) ye chaha dizAeM aura Agneya Adi cAra vidizAe nikalatI haiN| UMcI (vimalA) dizA meM candra Adi jyotiSI devoM ke tathA bhadrazAla vana meM rahane vAle saMjJI jIvoM ke mana kI paryAyoM ko bhI mana:paryavajJAnI pratyakSa karate haiN| nIce meru. puSkalAvatI vijaya ke arntagata grAma-nagaroM jambUdvIpa meM rahe hue saMjJI jIvoM ke mana kI paryAyoM lavaNasamudra ko upayoga pUrvaka pratyakSa karate haiN| yaha dhAtakIkhaMDa manaHparyAyajJAna kA utkRSTa viSaya kSetra haiN| kAlodadhisamudra mAnuSottara parvata kuNDalAkAra hai, usake ardha puSkaradvIpa mAnuSyottaraparvata antargata ar3hAI dvIpa aura samudra haiM, use (citra : 45 lAkha yojana kA manuSyakSetra arthAt ar3hAIdvIpa) samaya kSetra (manuSya kSetra) bhI kahate haiN| (jambUdvApa 1 lAkhayAjana, lavaNasamudra 4 lAkhayAjana (dA usakI lambAI cauDAI 45 lAkha yojana kaa| kA milAkara, aisA Age bhI samajha lenA cAhie),dhAtakIkhaMDa 8 kI hai| isake bAhara manuSyoM kA abhAva hai| lAkhayojana,kAlodadhisamudra 16lAkhayojana,ardhapuSkaradvIpa 16 lAkha yojana isa prakAra kula 45 lAkhayojana kA manuSyakSetra hotA hai|) 182. gommaTasAra, jIvakAMDa, gAthA 451 se 454 kA bhAvArtha, pR. 671-673 183. khittao NaM ujjumaI ya jahaNNeNaM aMgulassa asaMkhejayabhAga, ukkoseNaM ahe jAva imIse rayaNappabhAe puDhavIe uvarimaheTThille khuDDugapayare, uDDe jAva joisassa uvarimatale, tiriyaM jAva aMtomaNussakhitte aDDAijesu dIvasamuddesu paNNarassasu kammabhUmisu tIsAe akammabhUmisu chappaNNAe aMtaradIvagesu saNNipaMceMdiyANaM pajattayANaM maNogae bhAve jANai pAsai, taM ceva viulamaI aDDAijehimaMgulehiM abbhahiyataraM viulataraM visuddhatarAgaM vitimiratarAgaM khettaM jANai paasi| - pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 82-83, bhagavatIsUtra, za. 8 u. 2 pR. 288

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[428] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana samaya kSetra (manuSya kSetra) meM rahane vAle samanaska jIvoM ke mana kI paryAyoM ko mana:paryavajJAnI jAnatA va dekhatA hai| uparyukta citra dvArA meruparvata meM rucaka pradezoM kI sthiti kA darzAyA gayA hai| kSullaka (kSudra) pratara kA svarUpa lokAkAza ke pradeza uparitana aura adhastana pradezoM se rahita banAe gaye haiM, unakI vyavasthA maMDalAkAra hai| ye lokAkAza ke pradeza hI pratara haiN| urdhva evaM adholoka kI apekSA 1800 yojana pramANa vAle tiryagloka ke madhyama bhAga meM do sarva laghukSullaka pratara haiN| inake madhyabhAga meM jambUdvIpa meM ratnaprabhA ke bahusamabhUmi bhAga meM meru ke bIca ATha rucaka pradeza haiN| vahA~ gostanAkAra cAra pradeza Upara aura cAra pradeza nIce hai| yahI rucaka samasta dizAoM tathA vidizAoM ke pravartaka mAne gaye haiM aura ye samasta tiryagloka ke madhya bhAga ke avadhAraka haiN| isake bAda ina donoM sarvalaghu kSullaka prataroM ke Upara aura-aura pratara tiryak aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga kI vRddhi se taba taka bar3hate cale jAte haiM jaba taka ki urdhvaloka kA madhya bhAga nahIM A jAtA hai| yahA~ pratara kA pramANa pAMca rajju hotA hai| isa pratara ke Upara bhI aura-aura pratara tiryaka aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga kI hAni se ghaTate hue cale jAte haiN| isa taraha ye taba taka ghaTate jAte haiM jaba taka ki loka ke anta meM eka rajju pramANa vAlA pratara nahIM A jAtA hai| isa taraha Urdhvaloka ke madhyavartI sarvotkRSTa pAMca rajju pramANa vAle pratara se lagAtAra anya uparitana aura adhastana pratara krama-krama se ghaTate batalAye Urdhvaloka gaye haiN| ye saba kSullaka pratara hai| ye kSullaka ke madhya meM pratara loka ke anta meM aura tiryaga loka meM -pAMca rajju eka-eka rajju pramANa vAle haiM, tathA kA sarvokRSTa tiryagloka ke madhyavartI jo sarva laghu kSullaka pratara pratara haiM, unake nIce aura-aura pratara tiryag aMgula ke aMsakhyAtaveM bhAga kI vRddhi se -tiryak loka taba taka baDhate hue cale gaye haiM ki jaba rucaka pradeza taka adholoka ke anta meM sarvotkRSTa sAta / rajju pramANa vAlA pratara nahI A jAtA hai| isa sarvotkRSTa sAta rajju pramANa vAle pratara se lekara dUsare jo Upara ke pratara haiM ve krama eka rajju kI trasa se hIyamAna pratara haiM, ve saba kSullaka pratara nAr3I haiM aura ina saba kSullaka prataroM kI apekSA tiryagloka ke madhya meM rahA huA jo pratara hai vaha sarvalaghu kSullaka pratara hai| yahA~ cUrNikAra, haribhadra aura malayagira kA ekamata hai ki pAMcaveM devaloka ke Upara sAtavIM nAkI necaramAta meM sAta janA vistAra pata aura nIce ke pratara kramazaH choTe hote gaye haiM (citra : caudaha rajju loka meM UrdhvalokavartI yAvat Upara lokAMta taka aura nIce rucaka sarvotkRSTa pratara evaM adholokavartI sarvotkRSTa pratara) sAta rajju meM kucha nyUna Urdhva loka caudaha rajju kA loka sAta rajju se adhika adho loka

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SaSTha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM mana:paryavajJAna [429] taka ke pratara kSullaka pratara haiM arthAt pAMca aura sAta rajju ke do prataroM ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI pratara kSullaka pratara haiN| tiryag loka ke madhya meM rahe hue rajju pramANa vAle sarvalaghu kSullaka pratara jo eka rajju pramANa hai vahA~ se lekara nau sau yojana nIce taka isa ratnaprabhA pRthvI meM jitane pratara haiM, ve uparitana kSullaka pratara haiN| unake bhI nIce jahA~ taka adholaukika grAmoM kA sarvAntima pratara hai ve saba pratara adhastana kSullaka pratara kahalAte haiN| itane kSetra ko Rjumati dekhatA hai| mana:paryava jJAnI uparitana kSullaka prataroM ko 900 yojana taka nIce adhastana kSullaka prataroM ko 1000 yojana taka jAnatA dekhatA hai|194 vRttikAra evaM cUrNikAra ke abhiprAya se mana:paryavajJAna ke U~ce-nIce viSaya kSetra ke sambandha meM tIna mata pratIta hote haiN| 1. 1900 yojana - jina mana:paryavajJAniyoM ko jaghanya Rjumati mana:paryAyajJAna hai, ve apane jaghanya Rjumati mana:paryAya jJAna dvArA mAtra aMgula ke asaMkhyeya bhAga meM hI rahe hue dravya mana ke rUpI skandha jAnate dekhate haiM tathA jo utkRSTa Rjumati mana:paryAyajJAnI haiM, ve apane utkRSTa Rjumati mana:paryAya jJAna dvArA ar3hAI-ar3hAI aMgula kama sahasra 1000 yojana gahare 900 yojana U~ce (1900 yojana moTe) kSetra ko jAnate dekhate haiN| ATha rUcaka pradezoM ke samatala pratara se 900 yojana nIce kI ora puSkalAvatI vijaya hai| yaha vijaya meru ke samatala bhUmibhAga se 1000 yojana nIce kI ora arthAt madhyaloka kI sImA (900 yojana)se aura sau yojana nIce kI / dizA kI ora hai| itane kSetra meM rahe hue saMjJI paMcendriya jIvoM ke manogata bhAvoM ko manaHparyavajJAnI pratyakSa jAnate haiN| vipulamati mana:paryavajJAnI bhI isI kSetra ko jAnate haiM, para Fi pratyeka dizA meM ar3hAI-ar3hAI aMgula kSetra hai adhika (vipula) jAnate haiN| samatala 2. 1000 yojana - adholoka ke bhU bhAga loka uparitana bhAga meM rahe hue kSullakapratara rucaka kA madhya uparitana kahalAte haiN| ve adholoka grAma ke pratara se prAraMbha karake yAvat tiryak loka ke antima adhaHstana pratara taka jAnane cAhie tathA tiryak loka ke madhya bhAga se prAraMbha karake adhobhAga meM rahe hue kSullaka pratara adhastana kahalAte haiN| isalie jo uparitana 'E aura adhastana hai una Uparitana adhastana ko hai jitanA Rjumati dekhatA hai, vaha kSetra lagabhaga BL 1000 yojana kA hotA hai|185 citra : meruparvata ke samatala bhU bhAga ke nIce rahe hue rucaka pradeza 184. malayagiri, naMdIvRti kA bhAvArtha pR. 110 185. athavA adholokasyoparitanabhAga-vartinaH kSullakapratarA uparitanA uccante, te cAdholaukikagrAmavartipratarAdArabhya tAvadavaseyA yAvattiryaglokasyAntimo' ghastanaprataraH tathA tiryaglokassa madhyabhAgAdArabhyAdhobhAgavartinaH kSullakapratarA adhastanA uccante, tata uparitanAzcAdhastanAzca uparitanAdhastanA: tAn yAvadRjumatiH pshyti| - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti kA bhAvArtha, pR. 110 tiryak yojana nIce kI ora tirchA loka 900 yojana Upara kI ora tirchA loka kula 1800 yojana kA tiryak loka - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

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[430] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 3. 1800 yojana - madhya loka 1800 yojana kA bAhalya hai arthAt meru parvata ke samatala bhUmibhAga se 900 yojana Upara jyotiSka maNDala ke caramAnta taka aura 900 yojana nIce kSullaka pratara taka jahA~ lokAkAza ke 8 rucaka pradeza haiM, vahA~ taka madhya loka kahalAtA hai| arthAt manaHparyavajJAnI yahA~ taka jAnatA hai, aisA kucha AcArya mAnate haiM, lekina aisA mAnane se nIce adholaukikagrAmavartI saMjJI paMcendriya ke bhAvoM ko vaha mana:paryavajJAnI nahIM jAna pAyegA, isalie 1900 yojana taka jAnatA hai aisA mAnanA ucita hai|186 naMdIsUtra ke mUla pATha meM 'aMtomaNussakhitte' zabda AyA hai, jisakA artha hai manuSya kSetra ke bhiitr| jaise antarmuhUrta zabda se eka muhUrta ke andara kA samaya lete haiM, usI prakAra antomaNussa kSetra meM manuSya kSetra ke andara arthAt ar3hAI aMgula kama kSetra kA grahaNa hotA hai| Rjumati mana:paryavajJAnI isa antaH manuSya kSetra (ar3hAI aMgula kama) ko tathA vipulamati manaHparyavajJAnI sampUrNa manuSya kSetra ko jAnatA hai| aMgula kA pramANa utsedhAMgula se lenA caahie| malayagiri kA bhI yahI kathana hai|187 yahAM para cAroM dizAoM meM hI aDhAI aMgula adhika samajhanA caahie| kintu Upara nIce nahIM, lekina naMdIcUrNi meM aura haribhadra naMdIvRtti meM abbhahiyara zabda se AyAma aura viSkama meM ar3hAI aMgula aura viulataraM zabda se bAhalya kA grahaNa kiyA hai| jisase Upara nIce bhI ar3hAI aMgula adhika lene se hI bAhalya adhika hotA hai| digambara paramparA ke anusAra - manaHparyavajJAna ke viSaya kI kSetra maryAdA manuSya kSetra hai| SaTkhaNDAgama Adi graMthoM meM isake lie mAnuSyottarazaila zabda kA prayoga milatA hai|188 digambara paramparA meM kucha AcArya mAnuSottarazaila kA aisA artha ghaTita karate haiM ki mana:paryavajJAnI jisake mana ko jAnatA hai, vaha jIva aura usake ciMtana kiye hue artha mAnuSottarazaila ke andara ke bhAga meM honA jarUrI hai| to kucha AcAryoM kA mAnanA hai ki ve jIva mAnuSottarazaila ke andara ke bhAga meM honA cAhie, lekina usake dvArA ciMtana kiyA gayA artha (manovargaNA ke pudgala) lokAMta taka calA gayA ho to bhI usako mana:paryavajJAnI viSaya banA sakatA hai| dhavalATIkAkAra ne ukta donoM matoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai - prathama mata kA khaNDana - manaHparyavajJAna ko mAnuSottarazaila kI maryAdA meM bAMdhanA ayogya hai| kyoMki yaha maryAdA svIkAra kI jAe to isakA artha yaha hogA ki mAnuSottarazaila mana:paryavajJAna meM rukAvaTa karatA hai, lekina mana:paryavajJAna nirapekSa jJAna hai isalie aise svataMtra atIndriya jJAna ko mAnuSottara parvata kA vyavadhAna ho nahIM sakatA hai| ataH yahA~ mAnuSottarazaila ko 45 lAkha yojana kSetra kA upalakSaNa hI mAnanA caahie| dvitIya mata kA khaNDana - vipulamati mana:paryavajJAnI mAnuSottarazaila ke bhItara rahe hue jIvoM ke cintanagata lokAMta taka ke artha ko jAna sakatA ho to lokAMta meM rahe hue (jIvoM ke) citta ko vaha kyoM nahIM jAna sakate haiM? yadi isako svIkAra kareM to phira kSetra kI maryAdA mAnuSottarazaila taka nahIM 186. anye tvAhu adholokasyoparivarttina uparitanAH, te ca sarvagatiryaglokavartino yadivA tiryaglokasyAdho navayojanazatavartino draSTavyA, tataH teSAmevoparitanAnAM kSullakapratarANAM sambandhino ye sarvAntimAdhastanAH kSullakapratarAH tAn yAvatpazyati, asmizca vyAkhyAne tiryaglokaM yAvatpazyatItyApadyate, tacca na yuktam, adholaukikagrAmavartisaMjJipaMcendriya-manodravyAparicchedaprasaMgAt athavA (ca) adholaukikagrAmeSvapi saMjJipaccendriyamanodravyANi pricchintti| malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 110-111 187. tAni ca jJAnAdhikArAducchAyAGgulAni drssttvyaani| malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 111 188. ukkasseNa mANusuttaraselasya abbhaMtarAdo No bhiddhaa| - SaTkhaNDAgama, sUtra 5.5.76, pR. 342

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SaSTha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM manaHparyavajJAna [431] manuSyakSetra 45 lAkha yojana 45 lAkha yo. bana sakatI hai| isalie mAnuSottarazaila ke ullekha ko upalakSaNa tarIke se svIkAra karake mana:paryAya kI kSetra maryAdA 45 lAkha yojana mAnanA yukti saMgata hai|189 uparyukta kathana kA sArAMza yaha hai ki 45 lAkha yojana jo manaHparyavajJAna kA kSetra hai usa kSetra ke bhItara sthita hokara cintana karane vAle jIvoM ke manobhAva (manovargaNA) yadi usa kSetra ke bhItara hote haiM to jAnatA hai, anyathA nahIM jAnatA hai| gommaTasAra ke anusAra - Rjumati kA viSayabhUta jaghanya kSetra gavyUti pRthaktva arthAt dotIna kosa hai aura utkRSTa kSetra yojana pRthaktva arthAt sAta-ATha yojana hai| vipulamati kA viSaya bhUta jaghanya kSetra yojana pRthaktva arthAt ATha-nau yojana hai aura utkRSTakSetra manuSyaloka hai|| vipulamati kA viSaya utkRSTa kSetra kA kathana karate hue jo manuSyakSetra kahA hai, vaha manuSyakSetra viSkambha kA nizcAyaka hai, golAI kA nahIM arthAt manuSyakSetra . jo golAkAra rUpa hai, usakA yahA~ grahaNa nahIM karake paiMtAlIsa zvetAmbara mAnyatA manuSyakSetra lAkha yojana pramANa caukora ghanapratara rUpa grahaNa karanA cAhie, 'digambara mAnyataaura yahI mana:paryavajJAna kA utkRSTa viSayakSetra hai| isa kSetra manuSyakSetra 45 lAkha yojana kI lambAI-caur3AI paiMtAlIsa lAkha yojana hai, kintu UMcAI paiMtAlIsa lAkha se kama kI hotI hai| itanA kSetra lene kA kAraNa yaha hai ki mAnuSottara parvata ke bAhara cAroM konoM meM sthita devoM aura tiryaMcoM ke dvArA cintita artha ko bhI utkRSTa vipulamati jAnatA hai|190 dhavalATIkA ke anusAra jo utkRSTa mana:paryayajJAnI mAnuSottara parvata aura meruparvata ke madhya meM meruparvata se jitanI dUra hogA usa ora usI krama se usakA kSetra mAnuSottara parvata ke bAhara bar3ha jAyegA aura dUsarI ora mAnuSottara parvata kA kSetra utanA hI dUra raha jaayegaa| isa prakAra digambara paramparA meM manaHparyavajJAna ke kSetra kA kathana hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnuSottara parvata ko golAkAra ke rUpa meM hI grahaNa kiyA hai| kyoMki naMdIsUtra meM 'aMtomaNussakhitte' batAyA hai| yadi ghana Adi rUpa kSetra batAnA hotA to AgamakAra isakA spaSTa ullekha kara dete sAtha hI anya kisI bhI zvetAmbara TIkA sAhitya meM isa prakAra kA ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai| samIkSA - naMdIsUtra meM 'aMtomaNussakhitte' kA spaSTa ullekha hai, sAtha hI SaTakhaNDAgama mUla meM bhI 'mANusuttaraselasya abbhaMtarAdo' zabda diyA hai| jaba naMdIsUtra aura SaTakhaNDAgama ke mUla pATha meM manuSyakSetra ke andara ke kSetra kA spaSTa ullekha hai to bhI vIrasenAcArya ne manuSottarazaila ke spaSTa ullekha ko upalakSaNa se grahaNa karanA batAyA hai, lekina upakSalaNa kaise samajhanA isakA spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| isalie yaha ucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai| ataH zvetAmbara mAnyatAnusAra mana:paryavajJAnI golAkAra manuSya kSetra meM rahe hue yA Ae hue aura jo UMce aura nIce kSetra kI apekSA kula 1900 yojana kSetra meM rahe hue saMjJI paMcendriya jIvoM ke manogata bhAvoM kA jAnatA hai, yahI maka jyAdA ucita pratIta hotA hai| 189. tesimahippAeNa logaMtaTThiyavarathA vi pcckkho|.... paNadAlIsajoyaNalakkhabbhaMtare dUThAidUNa citayaMtajIvehi ciMtijamANaM davvaM jadi maNapajjavaNANapahAe oTThaddhakhetta hodi to jANAdi.... / dhavalATIkA, pR. 13, sUtra 5.5.78, pR. 343-44 190. gommasAra, jIvakAMDa, gAthA 455-456, pR. 673

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[432] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana manaHparyavajJAna kA kAla naMdIsUtrakAra, jinabhadragaNi aura naMdI ke TIkAkAra haribhadra, malayagiri Adi zvetAmbara paramparAvAdI AcArya mana:paryavajJAna kA utkRSTa kAla bhUta, bhaviSyakAlIna palyopama ke asaMkhyabhAga jitanA mAnate haiN| SaTkhaNDAgamakAra puSpadatta bhUtabali aura sarvArthasiddhikAra pUjyapAda Adi digambara paramparAvAdI AcArya manaHparyava kA utkRSTa kAla asaMkhyAta bhavoM jitanA svIkAra karate haiN|192 digambara paramparA meM kAla kI vizeSa spaSTatA kI gaI hai| isa prakAra donoM paramparAoM meM batAyA gayA-kAla lagabhaga samAna hai, lekina kathana zailI bhinna-bhinna hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra mana:paryavajJAnI manodravya kI bhUta aura bhaviSyakAla saMbaMdhI palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga jitanI paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai|93 manaHparyavajJAnI mana kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai, aisA ekAMta rUpa se mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| vastutaH manaHparyavajJAnI ko mana kI paryAyoM kA hI sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| yahAM utkRSTa kAla kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jina manodravyoM ko mana:paryavajJAnI ne grahaNa kiyA hai, ve manodravya rUpa se hI bhUtakAla evaM bhaviSyatakAla meM rahane vAle haiM, to palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga taka kI unakI bhUta paryAya evaM palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga taka kI unakI bhaviSyat paryAya kI jAnane kI manaHparyavajJAnI kI utkRSTa kSamatA hai| ___ bhagavatI sUtra (zataka 8 u. 2)aura naMdIsUtra meM kathana hai ki - Rjumati jaghanya se palyopama ke asaMkhyeya bhAga bhUta kAlIna aura bhaviSya kAlIna mana:paryAyoM ko jAnate-dekhate haiM aura utkRSTa se bhI palyopama ke asaMkhyeya bhAga bhUta aura bhaviSya kAlIna manaHparyAyoM ko jAnate-dekhate haiN| usI kAla ko vipulamati adhikatA se, vipulatA se, vizuddhatA se aura vitimiratA se jAnate dekhate haiN| 94 / jaghanya Rjumati mana:paryAya jJAna bIte hue palyopama ke asaMkhyeya bhAga meM dravyamana kI kaisI paryAyeM rahIM aura bItane vAle palyopama ke asaMkhyeya bhAga meM dravyamana kI kaisI paryAyeM raheMgI-yaha pratyakSa jAnate haiM aura usa para anumAna lagA kara bIte hue palyopama ke asaMkhyeya bhAga meM ukta kSetra meM kisI saMjJI tiryaMca, manuSya aura deva ke kaise manobhAva rahe aura bItane vAle palyopama ke asaMkhyeya bhAga meM kaise manobhAva raheMge, yaha parokSa dekhate haiN| utkRSTa Rjumati mana:paryAyajJAnI bhI itane hI kAla ke bhUta aura bhaviSya ke manobhAvoM ko jAnate haiN| parantu jaghanya Rjumati manaHparyAyajJAnI jisa palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga ko jAnate-dekhate haiM, vaha bahuta choTA samajhanA caahie| saMbhava hai vaha AvalikA kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga hI ho, kyoMki kSetra se aMgula kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga jAnate haiM' aisA kahA hai tathA utkRSTa Rjumati mana:paryAya jJAna vAle jisa palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga ko jAnate haiM, vaha bahuta bar3A samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki usameM asaMkhyAta varSa hote haiN| jina mana:paryavajJAniyoM ko madhyama Rjumati mana:paryAyajJAna hai, ve jaghanya Rjumati mana:paryAyajJAna kI apekSA koI asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga adhika kAla, koI saMkhyAtaveM bhAga adhika 191. yuvAcAryamadhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 49, vizeSAvazyAkabhASya, gAthA 813 192. ukkasseNa asaMkhejjANi bhvgghnnaanni| SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.68, pR. 342 , pu. 9 sU. 4.1.11, pR. 69 | utkarSeNAsaMkhyeyAni gatyAgatyAdibhiH prruupyti| - sarvArthasiddhi 1.23, pR. 92, tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.23.10, pR. 58 193. bhUta'tIta bhaviSyati cA'nAyate palyopamAsaMkhyeyabhAgarUpe kAle ye teSAM mnodrvyaannaaN| -vizeSA0bhASya, gAthA 813, pR. 332 194. kAlao NaM ujjumaI jahaNNeNaM paliovamassa asaMkhijjayabhAgaM, ukkoseNa vi paliovamassa asaMkhijayabhAgaM atIyamaNAgayaM vA kAlaM jANai pAsai, taM ceva viulamaI abbhahiyatarAgaM viulatarAgaM visuddhatarAgaM vitimiratarAgaM jANai paasi| - pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 83

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SaSTha adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM manaH paryavajJAna kAla, koI saMkhyAtaveM guNA adhika kAla aura koI asaMkhyAtaveM guNA adhika kAla jAnate haiN| bhagavatI sUtra meM bhI kSetra pramANa kA isI prakAra varNana kiyA gayA hai| 195 yahA~ para yaha vizeSa hai ki palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga ke bAda mana ke pudgala itane kSINa ho jAte haiM ki manaH paryavajJAnI Age kI paryAryo ko nahIM jAna sakate haiN| [433] prazna - manaHparyavajJAnI sAkSAt vartamAna kI paryAya ko jAnakara bhUta aura bhaviSya kI paryAyoM ko anumAna se jAnate haiM athavA mAtra bhUta aura bhaviSya kI hI paryAya ko jAnate haiM, kyoMki vartamAna kI paryAya to eka hI samaya kI hotI hai / uttara - jisa prakAra vacana yoga kI sthiti eka samaya kI hote hue bhI zabda rUpa meM AvalikA ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga taka evaM pravAha rUpa se antarmuhUrtta taka rahatA haiM, vaise hI manoyoga kA pravAha bhI antarmuhUrtta taka pravAhita hotA rahatA hai / manaH paryavajJAnI unhIM ke dravyoM ko pakar3akara ciMtana ko jAna lete haiN| jaise ki hama bhI zabdoM se bhAvoM ko jAna lete haiM / manaH paryavajJAnI usa ciMtana se una manodravya kI palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga jitanI bhUta, bhaviSya kI paryAyoM ko jAna lete haiM / SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra Rjumati manaH paryavajJAnI jaghanya rUpa se do yA tIna bhava ko jAnatA hai / isakA abhiprAya yaha ki yadi varttamAna bhava ko chor3a diyA jAye to do bhavoM ko tathA vartamAna bhava sahita tIna bhavoM ko aura utkRSTa varttamAna bhava ke sAtha ATha bhavoM ko aura varttamAna bhava ke binA sAta bhavoM ko jAnatA hai| vipulamati mana:paryavajJAna kAla kI apekSA jaghanya rUpa se sAta-ATha bhava aura utkRSTa rUpa se asaMkhyAta bhavoM ko pratyakSa jAnatA hai| % kaSAyapAhuDa, mahAbaMdha SaTkhaNDAgama evaM gommaTasAra meM bhI isI prakAra kAla kA pramANa nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| 197 prazna - * naMdIsUtra meM jo manaH paryavajJAna kA utkRSTa kAla palyopama kA asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga jitanA batAyA hai, itane lambe kAla meM kisI jIva ne asaMjJI kA bhava kara liyA, to manaH paryavajJAnI usa jIva kI kitane kAla taka kI mana kI paryAyoM ko jAnegA ? uttara - manaH paryavajJAnI to manovargaNA ko hI dekhatA hai| ciMtana vAle vyakti ko nahIM dekhatA hai, isalie bIca meM asaMjJI ke bhava ke Ane kA prazna hI nahIM rahatA hai| saMjJI ke bhava meM hI vyakti mana se socatA hai, asaMjJI ke bhava meM to mana hI nahIM hotA hai / ataH manaH paryavajJAnI ar3hAI dvIpa meM rahe huI palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga kAla taka kI ciMtana kI gaI mana kI paryAyoM ko jAna sakatA I saMjJI ke bhava meM bhI vyakti niraMtara mana se socatA nhiiN| jaba- jaba mana se socatA hai, una mana kI paryAyoM ko hI manaH paryavajJAnI jAnatA hai / manaH paryavajJAna kA bhAva vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra manaH paryavajJAnI sabhI paryAya rAzi ke anantaveM bhAga jitane rUpAdi kI una anaMta paryAyoM ko jAnate haiM jinakA cintana paryApta saMjJI paMcendriya jIvoM ne kiyA hai| lekina vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA mantavya hai ki manaH paryavajJAnI bhAva mana kI paryAya ko nahIM jAnate haiM / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki bhAva mana to jJAna rUpa hai aura jJAna amUrta hai| amUrta ko chadmastha jAna nahIM sakatA hai| isalie ciMtAnugata manodravya kI paryAyoM ko jAnate haiM aura cintanIya bAhya ghaTAdi vastuoM kI paryAya ko nahIM jAnate haiM, lekina dravya mana se vicAra karake bAhya ghaTAdi paryAryoM ko anumAna se 195. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, bhagavatIsUtra, pR. 287 196. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sU. 5.5.74-75, pR. 338, 342 197. kaSAyapAhuDa, pR. 19, mahAbaMdha bhAga 1, pR. 32, SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 9 pR. 68-69, gommaTasAra, jIvakAMDa, gAthA 457, pR. 674

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[434] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jAnate haiM, sAkSAt rUpa se nahIM, kyoMki ciMtana karane vAlA to rUpI arUpI aura ubhaya prakAra se vastuo kA ciMtana karatA hai, lekina chadmastha arUpI (amUrta) vastu ko sAkSAt nahIM jAna sakatA hai| isalie ciMtanIya vastu anumAna se hI jAnI jAtI hai|198 bhagavatIsUtra (zataka 8 u. 2) aura naMdIsUtra ke anusAra Rjumati ananta bhAvoM ko jAnate dekhate haiM, sarvabhAvoM ke anantaveM bhAga ko jAnate dekhate haiN| unhIM ko vipulamati adhikatara, vipulatara, vizuddhatara aura vitimiratara jAnate dekhate haiN| 99 jaghanya Rjumati manaHparyAyajJAnI dravya mana ke pratyeka skandha kI saMkhyAta paryAya hI jAnate haiM, lekina manodravya ke ananta skandha jAnate haiM aura unakI apekSA ananta paryAyeM jAnate haiN| lekina yaha paryAya utkRSTa Rjumati mana:paryAya se anantaveM bhAga mAtra hai| utkRSTa Rjumati mana:paryAyajJAnI dravyamana ke pratyeka skandha kI asaMkhyAtA paryAyoM ko jAnate haiM, tathA dravyamana ke ananta skandha jAnate haiM, ataH unakI apekSA ananta paryAyeM jAnate haiN| ve paryAyeM jaghanya Rjumati se anaMtaguNA adhika haiM, parantu dravyamana kI jitanI paryAyeM hotI haiM, unakA anaMtavA~ bhAga mAtra jAnate haiM, kyoMki ve pratyeka manodravya skandha kI vartamAna ananta paryAyoM ko aura traikAlika anaMta paryAyoM ko nahIM jAnate, mAtra kucha kAla kI asaMkhyAtA paryAyoM ko hI jAnate haiN| madhyama Rjumati mana:paryAyajJAnI jaghanya mana:paryAya jJAna dvArA jitanI paryAyeM jAnI jAtI hai, unase koI anantaveM bhAga adhika ityAdi chaha sthAna adhika paryAyoM aura utkRSTa mana:paryavajJAna se koI chaha sthAna hIna paryAyoM ko jAnate haiM 100 ___SaTkhaNDAgama ke matAnusAra - Rjumati bhAva kI apekSA se jaghanya (eka samaya sambandhI audArika zarIra kI nirjarA ko) aura utkRSTa (eka samaya sambandhI indriya (cakSu) kI nirjarA ko) dravyoM ke usake yogya asaMkhyAta paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai| isI prakAra vipulamati bhAva kI apekSA jo-jo dravya jJAta haiM, unakI asaMkhyAta paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai|202 gommaTasAra kI dRSTi meM bhAva se Rjumati kA jaghanya viSaya AvalikA kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga hai| utkRSTa bhI utanA hI hai, kintu jaghanya se utkRSTa asaMkhyAtaguNA adhika hai| usase vipulamati kA jaghanya viSaya asaMkhyAta guNA hai aura utkRSTa asaMkhyAta loka jitanA hai|03 AcArya AtmArAmajI mahArAja ne naMdIsUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue manaHparyAyajJAna ke bhAva kI viziSTatA kA varNana pRSTha 119 se 121 taka kiyA jisakA sAra yahAM para prastuta hai - mana:paryavajJAnI apanI kSetra maryAdA meM rahe hue saMjJI jIvoM ke mana kI paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai| samaya kSetra meM rahe hue kula saMjJI jIva saMkhyAta hI ho sakate haiM, kintu cAroM gatioM ke saMjJI jIva asaMkhyAtA hote haiM, unake mana kI paryAyoM ko nahIM jAnatA hai| mana catu:sparzI hotA hai| mana kA pratyakSa avadhijJAnI bhI kara sakatA hai, kintu mana kI paryAyoM ko manaHparyavajJAnI pratyakSa rUpa se jAnatA aura dekhatA hai| jisake mana meM jisa vastu kA cintana ho rahA hai, usameM rahe hae varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza 198. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya bRhadvRtti, gAthA 814 199. bhAvao NaM ujjumaI aNaMte bhAve jANai pAsai, savvabhAvANaM aNaMtabhAgaM jANai pAsai, taM caiva viulamaI abbhahiyatarAgaM viulatarAgaM visuddhatarAgaM vitimiratarAgaM jANai paasi| - pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 84 200. prajJApanA sUtra, bhAga 1, pada 5 (jIvaparyAya) pR. 402 201. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 1, sU. 4.1.10, pR. 63, 65 202. bhAveNa jaM jaM diTTha davvaM tassa tassa asaMkhejapajjAe jaanndi| SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 9, sU. 4.1.11, pR. 69 203. AvaliasaMkhabhAgaM avaraM ca varaM ca vrmsNkhgunnN| tatto asaMkhaguNidaM asaMkhalogaM tu viulmdii|| - gommaTasAra, gAthA 458

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SaSTha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM manaHparyavajJAna [435] ko tathA usa vastu kI lambAI-caur3AI, gola Adi saMsthAna ko, jAnanA bhAva kahalAtA hai arthAt jisa saMjJI jIva ke audayika Adi bhAvoM se vividha prakAra ke AkAra-prakAra, vividha raMga-biraMge dhAraNa karatA hai, ve saba mana kI paryAyeM hai, inako vaha jAnatA hai aura dekhatA hai| mana:paryavajJAnI kisI bAhya vastu ko, kSetra ko, kAla ko tathA dravyagata paryAyoM ko nahIM jAnatA, apitu jaba ve kisI ke cintana meM A jAte haiM, taba manogata bhAvoM ko jAnatA hai| jaise banda kamare meM baiThA huA vyakti, bAhara hone vAle vizeSa samAroha ko tathA usameM bhAga lene vAle pazu-pakSI, puruSastrI tathA anya vastuoM ko TelIvijana ke dvArA pratyakSa karatA hai, anyathA nahIM, vaise hI jo manaHparyava jJAnI hai, jo cakSu indriya se parokSa hai, una jIva aura ajIva ko tabhI pratyakSa kara sakate haiM, jaba ve kisI saMjJI ke mana meM jhalaka rahe hoM, anyathA nhiiN| saikar3oM yojana dUra rahe hue kisI grAma-nagara Adi ko mana:paryavajJAnI nahIM dekha sakate haiM, lekina yadi vahI grAma Adi kisI ke mana meM smRti ke rUpa meM vidyamAna haiM, taba mana:paryavajJAnI unakA sAkSAtkAra kara sakate haiN| ___ avadhijJAnI aura mana:paryavajJAnI donoM rUpI padArthoM ko jAnate haiM aura mana paudgalika hone se rUpI hai to manaHparyavajJAnI kI taraha avadhijJAnI bhI mana kI payAryoM ko kyoM nahIM jAnatA hai? samAdhAna yaha hai ki avadhijJAnI bhI mana kI paryAyoM ko jAna sakatA hai, lekina usameM jhalakate hue dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ko pratyakSa nahIM kara sakatA, jaise TelIgrAma kI Tika-Tika paThita aura apaThita sabhI pratyakSa karate haiM aura kAnoM meM Tika-Tika bhI sunate haiM, parantu unake pIche kyA Azaya hai? ise TelIgrAma kA kAma karane vAle hI samajha sakate haiN| jJAna arUpI hai, amUrta hai jaba ki mana:paryavajJAna kA viSaya rUpI hai, to mana:paryayajJAnI manogata bhAvoM ko kaise samajha sakatA hai? aura una bhAvoM ko pratyakSa kaise kara sakatA hai? jabaki bhAva arUpI hai, isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki kSAyopazamika bhAva meM jo jJAna hote haiM, ve ekAnta arUpI nahIM hote haiM, kathaciMta rUpI bhI hote haiN| ekAnta arUpI jJAna kSAyika bhAva meM hI hotA hai, jaise audayika bhAva meM jIva kathaMcit rUpI hote haiM, vaise hI kSAyopazamika jJAna bhI kathaMcit rUpI hote haiM, sarvathA arUpI nhiiN| jaise vizeSa paThita vyakti bhASA ko sunakara kahane vAle ke bhAvoM ko aura pustakagata akSaroM ko par3ha kara lekhaka ke bhAvoM ko samajha letA hai, vaise hI anya-anya nimittoM se bhI samajhe jA sakate haiN| kyoMki kSAyopazamika bhAva sarvathA arUpI nahIM hotA hai| jaise koI vyakti svapna dekha rahA hai, usameM kyA dRzya dekha rahA hai? kisase kyA bAteM kara rahA hai? kyA khA rahA hai aura kyA sUMgha rahA hai? ityAdi usa supta vyakti kI jaisI anubhUti ho rahI hai, use yathAtathya mana:payarvajJAnI pratyakSa pramANa se jAnate haiN| jaise svapna ekAnta arUpI nahIM hai, vaise hI kSAyopazamika bhAva meM manogata bhAva bhI arUpI nahIM hote haiN| jaise svapna meM dravya-kSetra-kAla aura bhAva sAkAra ho uThate haiM, vaise hI cintana (manana) Adi ke samaya mana meM dravya-kSetra-kAla aura bhAva sAkAra ho uThate haiN| isase mana:paryavajJAnI ko jAnane-dekhane meM suvidhA ho jAtI hai| jANai pAsai kI utpatti ke saMbaMdha meM vividha mata dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ke varNana sUtra meM 'jANai' aura 'pAsai' ina do kriyAoM kA prayoga huA hai| yahA~ 'jANai' kA artha jAnanA aura 'pAsai' kA artha dekhanA kiyA hai| vizeSa rUpa se inakA artha kare to jANai kA artha hotA hai jJAna rUpa arthAt vastu ke vizeSa svarUpa ko jAnanA aura pAsai kA artha hotA hai darzana rUpa arthAt vastu ke sAmAnya svarUpa ko jaannaa| jaina darzana meM pAMca jJAna, tIna ajJAna aura cAra darzana kula 12 upayoga kA varNana upalabdha hotA hai| pAMca jJAnoM meM se matijJAna,

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana zrutajJAna, mati- ajJAna aura zruta- ajJAna se jAnanA tathA cakSudarzana aura acakSudarzana se dekhanA hotA hai / avadhijJAna aura vibhaMgajJAna se jAnanA tathA avadhidarzana se dekhanA mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra kevalajJAna se jAnanA aura kevaladarzana se dekhanA mAnya hai| lekina uparyukta 12 upayogoM meM se manaHparyavajJAna se jAnanA to ho jAtA hai, lekina dekhane rUpa darzana nahIM hai aura sUtrakAra ne manaHparyavajJAna ke sAtha 'jANai' aura 'pAsai' ina donoM kriyAoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, to isakA darzana bhI honA cAhie, ataH yahA~ prayukta 'pAsai' kriyA ke sambandha meM vibhinna matAntara prApta hote haiM, unhIM kI yahA~ para carcA kI jA rahI hai| prazna - jaise avadhijJAnI, avadhijJAna se jAnate haiM aura avadhidarzana se dekhate haiM ? usI prakAra manaH paryavajJAnI kyA manaHparyAya jJAna se jAnate haiM aura manaHparyAya darzana se dekhate haiM ? [436] uttara - nahIM, kyoMki chadmastha jIvoM kA upayoga tathA svabhAva se mana kI paryAyoM kI vizeSatAoM ko jAnane kI ora hI lagatA hai, mana kI paryAyoM ke astitva mAtra ko jAnane kI ora nahIM lgtaa| ataeva manaH paryAyajJAna rUpa hI hotA hai, darzana nahIM rUpa hotA, kyoMki manaH paryavajJAna viziSTa kSayopazama ke kAraNa utpanna hotA hai| isalie vastu ke vizeSa svarUpa ko jAnatA hai, sAmAnya svarUpa ko nahIM, ataH yaha jJAnarUpa hI hotA hai, darzana rUpa nahIM / yaha bhASyakAra aura TIkAkAra kA mata hai| 204 sAtha meM hI bhASyakAra ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM isa sambandha meM binA nAmollekha ke kucha AcAryoM ke mata diye haiM aura unakA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai, jo nimna prakAra se haiM1. manaH paryavajJAnI acakSudarzana se dekhatA hai prazna - vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA meM 814 'davvamaNopajjAe jANai pAsai' meM 'pAsai' zabda diyA hai, ataH manaH paryavajJAna kA darzana kahane meM kyA bAdhA hai ? uttara - kucha AcAryoM ke mata se zrutajJAnI bhI acakSudarzana se dekhate haiM isakA ullekha vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI gAthA 553 meM kiyA gayA hai ki "upayoga yukta zrutajJAnI sabhI dravyAdi ko acakSudarzana se dekhate haiN|" (bhASyakAra ne gAthA 554 meM isa mata kA kA khaNDana kiyA hai / ) 205 isI prakAra mana:paryavajJAnI bhI acakSudarzana se dekhatA hai| jaise ki ghaTapaTAdi artha kA ciMtana karane vAle vyakti ke manodravya ko manaH paryavajJAnI pratyakSa se jAnatA hai aura usI dravya ko mana se (mana sambandhI) acakSudarzana se vicAra karatA hai| isalie manaH paryavajJAnI, manaH paryavajJAna se jAnatA hai aura acakSudarzana se dekhatA hai| isI apekSA se dekhatA hai, aisA kahA hai / prazna - matijJAna aura zrutajJAna parokSa jJAna hai / isIlie zrutajJAnI parokSa se padArtha ko jAnatA hai| isI prakAra acakSudarzana bhI matijJAna kA bheda hone se parokSa se hI padArtha ko jAnatA hai| zrutajJAna ke viSayabhUta meruparvata-devaloka Adi parokSa padArthoM meM acakSudarzana hotA hai / ataH acakSudarzana ke bhI zrutajJAna kA Alambana hone se donoM samAna viSaya vAle haiN| lekina avadhijJAna, manaH paryavajJAna aura kevalajJAna pratyakSa jJAna ke bheda hote haiN| isalie manaH paryavajJAna pratyakSa ko viSaya karatA hai| lekina uparyukta prasaMga meM parokSa artha kA viSaya karane vAle acakSudarzana kI pratyakSa artha kA viSaya karane vAle manaH paryavajJAna meM kisa prakAra se pravRtti hogI, kyoMki donoM kA viSaya bhinna-bhinna hai ? 204. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 814 kI bRhadvRtti kA bhAvArtha 205. uvautto suyanANI, saccaM davvAIM jANai jahatthaM / pAsai ya kei so puNa, tamacakkhuddasaNeNaM ti / / tesimacakkhudaMsaNasANNAo kahaM na mainANI / pAsai, pAsai va kahaM suyanANI kiMkao bheo / / - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 553-554

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SaSTha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM manaHparyavajJAna [437] uttara - yadi parokSa artha meM acakSudarzana kI pravRtti mAna sakate haiM, to pratyakSa artha meM to vizeSa tarIke se mAnanI cAhie, kyoMki cakSudarzana se jAnane yogya ghaTa Adi rUpa pratyakSa artha usa (ghaTAdi) sambandhI acakSudarzana meM vizeSa anugrAhaka (grahaNa karane vAlA) hai| isa kAraNa yahA~ manodravya rUpa artha ko pratyakSa rUpa se grahaNa karate hue mana:paryavajJAna pratyakSa se yukta hai aura acakSudarzana to parokSa artha ko grahaNa karatA hai isalie usameM (acakSudarzana) pratyakSapanA nahIM hote hue bhI manaHparyavajJAna kA anugrAhaka hotA hai| prazna - yadi aisA svIkAra kareMge to manaHparyavajJAna ko pratyakSa mAnane meM virodha aaegaa| uttara - jisa prakAra avadhijJAna vAle cakSudarzana aura acakSudarzana se parokSa artha ko pratyakSa dekhate hue usake pratyakSapane meM koI virodha nahIM AtA hai| isI prakAra mana:paryavajJAnI mana:paryavajJAna se manodravya kI paryAyoM ko sAkSAt rUpa se jAnate haiM aura acakSudarzana se parokSa rUpa se dekhate haiN|06 naMdI hAribhadrIya vRtti meM bhI aisA ullekha milatA hai| mana:paryava darzana svataMtra rUpa se nahIM batAyA gayA hai, taba 'pazyati' kA prayoga kyoM? acakSudarzana nAmaka manarUpa noindriya ke dvArA yaha darzana kA viSaya banatA hai, isalie darzana sambhava hai| koI vyakti ghaTa kA ciMtana kara rahA hai| mana:paryavajJAnI manodravyoM ko sAkSAt jAnatA hai aura mAnasa acakSudarzana se vaha dekhatA hai| isalie sUtrapATha meM 'pAsai' kA prayoga huA hai| eka hI mana:paryavajJAnI pramAtA ke mana:paryavajJAna ke bAda hI mAnasa acakSudarzana hotA hai| vaha manaHparyavajJAna se manodravya kA jAnatA hai tathA mAnasa acakSudarzana se unhIM ko dekhatA hai| vaha vizeSa upayoga kI apekSA se jAnatA hai, sAmAnya arthopayoga kI apekSA se dekhatA hai| lekina bhASyAkAra ne isakA niSedha gAthA 815 kiyA hai| so ya kira acakkhuddasaNeNa pAsai jahA suynnaannii| juttaM sue parokkhe, na u paccakkhe mnnonaanne||815|| 2. manaHparyavajJAnI avadhidarzana se dekhatA hai ___ kucheka AcAryoM kA aisA mAnanA hai ki mana:paryavajJAnI, mana:paryavajJAna se jAnatA hai aura avadhidarzana se dekhatA hai| lekina yaha ucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki manaHparyavajJAnI ke avadhidarzana hotA hai arthAt manaHparyavajJAnI ke niyama se avadhijJAna aura avadhidarzana hotA hai, aisA ullekha AgamoM meM kahIM bhI prApta nahIM hotA hai| isake viparIta AgamoM meM ullekha prApta hotA hai ki jIvoM meM avadhijJAna ke binA mati, zruta aura mana:paryavajJAna ye tIna jJAna bhI ho sakate haiN| jaiseki "he bhagavan! mana:paryavajJAna labdhi vAle-jIva jJAnI hote haiM ki ajJAnI? he gautama! ve jJAnI hote haiM, ajJAnI nahIM hote haiN| unameM se kucheka tIna jJAna vAle hote haiM, to kucheka cAra jJAna vAle hote haiN| jo tIna jJAna vAle hote haiM, unake mati, zruta aura mana:paryavajJAna hote haiM aura jo cAra jJAna vAle hote haiM, unake mati, zruta, avadhi aura manaHparyavajJAna hote haiN|''208 isa pramANa se mana:paryavajJAnI ke avadhijJAna aura avadhidarzana kI niyamA nahIM hai| isalie jo aisA kahate haiM ki manaHparyavajJAnI avadhidarzana se dekhatA hai, to unakA kathana ucitta nahIM hai| prazna - yadi aisA mAnanA ayukta hai to isakI jagaha mana:paryavajJAna kA bhI darzana mAna liyA jAe taba manaHparyavadarzana se hI mana:paryavajJAnI dekhatA hai, aisA samAdhAna mila jaayegaa| 206. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 815-816 kI TIkA kA bhAvArtha 207. naMdIsUtram, prAkRta grantha pariSad, vArANasI 5, san 1966, pR. 122 208. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 8 u. 2, pR. 269

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[438] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana uttara - cakSu Adi cAra prakAra ke darzana ke alAvA pAMcavAM manaHparyavadarzana AgamoM meM nirUpita nahIM hai / Agama meM kahA hai ki "kaivihe NaM bhaMte! daMsaNe paNNate? goyamA! cauvvihe, taM jahA - cakkhudaMsaNe, acakkhudaMsaNe, ohidaMsaNe, kevaladasaNe" arthAt "he bhagavan! kitane prakAra ke darzana kahe gaye haiN| he gautama! cAra prakAra ke darzana kahe gaye haiM - cakSu, acakSu, avadhi aura kevala drshn|" isa prakAra se manaHparyavajJAna ke darzana kA abhAva hone se mana:paryavajJAnI mana:paryava darzana se dekhatA hai, aisA kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai 09 3. vibhaMga darzana kI taraha manaHparyava darzana bhI avadhi darzana hai kucheka AcAryoM kA mAnanA hai ki jisa prakAra mithyAdRSTi jIva ke vibhaMgajJAna hotA hai, usake vibhaMgadarzana bhI hotA hai, jisako avadhi darzana kahA jAtA hai| usI prakAra manaHparyavajJAnI kA manaHparyavadarzana, avadhidarzana hI hai arthAt manaHparyavadarzana kA dUsarA nAma avadhidarzana hai| jaise cAra darzanoM ke atarikta pAMcavAM darzana vibhaMgadarzana nahIM batA kara usakA samAveza avadhidarzana meM kara liyA gayA hai| vaise hI mana:paryavadarzana ko bhI avadhidarzana meM samAhita kara liyA gayA hai aura usI se mana:paryavajJAnI dekhatA hai| lekina aisA jo kahate haiM unakA kahanA bhI Agama ke viparIta hai| kyoMki bhagavatI sUtra zataka 8 uddezaka 2 (AzIviSa nAmaka uddezaka) meM mana:paryavajJAna meM do yA tIna darzana kahe gaye haiN| do darzana ho to cakSu-acakSudarzana tathA tIna darzana ho to cakSu-acakSu aura avadhidarzana pAye jAte haiN| kyoMki jisameM mati-zruta aura manaHparyavajJAna ho, usake cakSu-acakSu do darzana hote haiM aura jisameM avadhi sahita cAra jJAna hoM, usake avadhi sahita tIna darzana hote haiN| isalie mana:paryavajJAna vAle ke niyama se avadhidarzana hotA hai, aisA kahanA Agama viruddha hai| yadi mana:paryava jJAna vAle ke avadhidarzana hotA hai, to mati-zruta aura manaHparyavajJAna ina tIna jJAna vAloM ke bhI nizcaya se tIna darzana honA cAhie, na ki do drshn| lekina inameM do hI darzana batAye haiN| jabaki vibhaMgajJAnI ke niyama se tIna darzana batAye haiN| isalie vibhaMgadarzana kI taraha mana:paryavadarzana kA avadhidarzana meM samAveza ho gayA hai, aisA mAnanA galata hai| sAtha hI AgamoM meM jahA~ bhI vibhaMgajJAna ke sAtha darzana kA varNana hai to vahA~ use avadhidarzana batAyA gayA hai, na ki vibhNgdrshn| kyoMki darzana to sAmAnya rUpa hotA hai isalie isameM dRSTi (samyagdRSTi, mithyAdRSTi) kA pharka nahIM par3atA hai| dRSTi kA pharka jJAna meM par3atA hai| 4. avadhisahita manaHparyavajJAna vAlA jAnatA aura dekhatA hai, jabaki avadhirahita manaHparyavajJAna vAlA sirpha jAnatA hai kucheka AcAryoM kA mAnanA hai ki jo manaHparyavajJAnI avadhijJAna sahita cAra jJAna vAle hote haiM, ve mana:paryavajJAna se jAnate haiM aura avadhidarzana se dekhate haiM aura jo mana:paryavajJAnI avadhijJAna rahita tIna jJAna vAle hote haiM, ve mana:paryavajJAna se mAtra jAnate haiM, lekina avadhidarzana nahIM hone se dekhate nahIM haiM, isalie mana:paryavajJAnI eka apekSA arthAt saMbhava mAtra se hI jAnate aura dekhate haiN| aisA naMdIsUtra kI TIkA meM batAyA gayA hai| yadi aisA saMbhava hotA to AgamakAra manaHparyava ke sAtha 'jANai' 'pAsai' athavA 'jANai' isa prakAra vikalpa rUpa se ina donoM kriyAoM kA prayoga karate, lekina aisA varNana prApta nahIM hotA hai| jahA~ bhI prayoga huA hai vahA~ ina donoM kriyAoM kA sAtha meM hI prayoga huA hai| isalie yaha mata bhI ucita nahIM hai| 210. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 818-819 209. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 817 211. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 820 kI TIkA kA bhAvArtha

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SaSTha adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM manaH paryavajJAna 5. manaH paryavajJAna sAkAra upayoga hone se usameM darzana nahIM hotA hai katipaya AcAryoM kA mAnanA hai ki manaH paryavajJAna kA ativiziSTa kSayopazama hone se vaha sAkAra (jJAna rUpa se hI yA vizeSa ko grahaNa karane vAlA hone se) upayoga rUpa meM hI utpanna hotA hai, jisase vaha mAtra jJAna hone se jAnatA hai, lekina avadhijJAna aura kevalajJAna kI taraha isakA darzana nahIM hone se yaha nahIM dekhatA hai| prazna to manaH paryavajJAnI dekhatA hai, aisA kaise kaha sakate haiM? T uttara- manaH paryavajJAna pratyakSa hone se manaH paryavajJAnI manaH paryavajJAna se dekhatA hai kyoMki pratyakSa hone se vizeSa rUpa (prakAra) se dekhatA hai| Upara se (sAmAnya rUpa se) manaH paryavajJAnI dekhatA hai aura sAkAra hone se jAnatA hai| isalie darzana nahIM hone para bhI manaH paryavajJAnI dekhatA aura jAnatA hai, aisA kaha sakate haiN| isa kathana ko mUlaTIkAkAra ne sahI nahIM mAnA hai manaH paryavajJAna sAkAra upayoga rUpa hone se usase darzana nahIM hotA hai aura pratyakSa hone se " jo vastu dekhI jAya, vaha darzana hai|" isa prakAra kI jo vacana yukti kahI hai vaha ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha jJAna sAkAra hone se isameM darzana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| phira bhI "jisako dekhA jAya vaha darzana hai" isa vyutpatti se darzana kI prApti hotI hai| phira bhI " jAnatA hai" isa pada se manaH paryavajJAna kA sAkAra panA hI siddha hotA hai aura " dekhatA hai" yaha zabda darzana meM rUDha hone se isakA anAkArapanA siddha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra paraspara virodha kI prApti hone se yaha abhiprAya ayogya hai / 213 yahI bAta malayagiri bhI kahate haiM ki viziSTatara manodravya ke jJAna kI apekSA se hI sAmAnya rUpa manodravya ke jJAna ko vyavahAra meM darzana kahA gayA hai| vAstava meM vaha bhI jJAna hI hai| kyoMki sAmAnya rUpa hone para bhI vaha pratiniyata manodravya ko hI dekhatA hai| pratiniyata (vizeSa) ko grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna hI hotA hai, darzana nahIM / isalie Agama meM bhI cAra hI darzana batAye haiM, pAMca nahIM, isalie manaH paryavadarzana nahIM hotA hai PH [439] 6. AgamAnusAra mata uparyukta mata Agama ke anusAra nahIM hone se ve grahaNa karane yogya nahIM haiN| prajJApanAsUtra ke tIsaveM pazyattA 2 15 pada meM manaH paryavajJAna ko acchI prakAra se dekhane vAlA hone se sAkAra upayoga viSayaka dekhane rUpa pazyattA kahA gayA hai| isase manaH paryavajJAnI 'dekhatA hai' aisA kahate haiM, kyoMki jaba mana:paryavajJAnI manaH paryavajJAna meM upayoga lagAtA hai, taba sAkAra upayoga hI hotA hai, anAkAra upayoga nhiiN| usa sAkAra upayoga ke hI yahA~ do bheda kie gaye haiM - sAmAnya aura vizeSa ye donoM | hI bheda Rjumati aura vipulamati ke hote haiM / yahA~ sAmAnya kA artha viziSTa sAkAra upayoga aura vizeSa kA artha hai viziSTatara sAkAra upyog| manaH paryavajJAna se jAnane aura dekhane kI donoM kriyAeM hotI haiM, yahI mata AgamAnusAra hai, isa lie nirdoSa hai (H - prazna yahA~ para Rjumati ko sAmAnya artha ko grahaNa karane vAlA aura vipulamati ko vizeSagrahaNa karane vAlA batAyA hai jaba Rjumati sAmAnyagrAhI hai taba to vaha darzana rUpa hI huA, kyoMki sAmAnya ko grahaNa karane vAlA darzana hotA hai to phira Rjumati ko jJAna kyoM kahA? I 212. anye tvAhuH sAkAropayogAntaH pAtitvAnna taddarzanam, dRzyate cAnena pratyakSatvAdavadhivaditi / etadapi na darzanam, dRzyate cAnenaviruddhamubhayadhamanvayAbhAvAdvA na kiJciditi vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, svopajJavRtti gAthA 817 / 213. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 821 kI TIkA 214 malayagiri, dIvRti pU. 109 215. isakA varNana caturtha adhyAya ( zrutajJAna) pR. 290-291 para kara diyA gayA hai| 216. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 822

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[440] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana uttara - yadyapi Rjumati sAmAnyagrAhI hai, paraMtu isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki kevala sAmAnyagrAhI hI hai arthAt darzana rUpa hai, aisA nahIM maannaa| kyoMki yahA~ jJAna kA adhikAra cala rahA hai, isalie sAmAnyagrAhI kahane kA itanA hI Azaya hai ki vaha Rjumati vizeSoM kI to jAnatA hI hai, paraMtu vipulamati jitane vizeSoM ko jAnatA hai utane vizeSoM ko apekSA se alpatara jAnatA aura dekhatA hai arthAt vipulamati kI apekSA se Rjumati sAmAnya arthAt alpavizeSatA vAlA jJAna hai| isako samajhAne ke lie ghaDe kA dRSTAMta diyA gayA hai| yahI bAta malayagiri ne kahI hai - "yata: sAmAnyarUpamapi manodravyAkArapratiniyatameva pshyti| 217 yahA~ pratiniyata ko dekhA hai, vaha jJAnarUpa hai darzanarUpa nahIM hai, isIlie darzanopayoga (cakSudarzana, acakSudarzana, avadhidarzana, kevaladarzana) cAra prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai| pAMca prakAra kA nahIM, kAraNa ki mana:paryavadarzana paramArthataH (siddhAMta meM) saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki Rjumati mana:paryavajJAnI manodravya se pariNamita manovargaNA ke anaMta skaMdhoM ko manaHparyavajJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama kI paTutA ke kAraNa sAkSAt jAnatA-dekhatA hai, paraMtu jIvoM dvArA cintita ghaTAdi rUpa parimANoM ko anyathAnupatti se jAnatA hai| isalie yahA~ 'pAsai' (dekhatA hai) kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jise vipulamatijJAna hai, use Rjumati jJAna bhI ho, aisA honA nitAnta asaMbhava hai| kyoMki ina donoM ke svAmI eka hI nahIM, apitu bhinna-bhinna hote haiN| Avazyaka vRti meM malayagiri kahate haiM ki mana:paryavajJAna meM kSayopazama kI paTutA hotI hai, ataH vaha manodravya ke paryAyoM ko hI grahaNa karatA huA utpanna hotA hai| paryAya vizeSa hote haiN| vizeSa kA grAhaka jJAna hai, isalie mana:paryava jJAna hI hotA hai, mana:paryava darzana nahIM hotA hai| 18 arvAcIna vidvAn paM. kanhaiyAlAla loDhA kA mata hai ki mana:paryava jJAna se mana kI paryAyeM jAnI jAtI haiM, parantu ciMtanIya padArtha nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| mAnasika paryAyeM vikalpa yukta hotI haiM, ata: mana:paryava-darzana nahIM hotA hai, kAraNa ki darzana nirvikalpa hotA hai| 19 manaHparyavajJAna ke saMsthAna digambara paramparAnusAra SaTkhaNDAgama Adi graMthoM meM avadhijJAnAvaraNIya ke kSayopaza se AtmapradezoM ke zrIvatsa, kalaza, zaMkha Adi saMsthAna hote haiM, usI prakAra manaHparyava jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazamagata Atma-pradezoM ke saMsthAna kA kathana kyoM nahIM kiyA gayA hai? isakA samAdhAna hai ki manaHparyava jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazama hone para vikasita ATha paMkhur3I yukta kamala jaise AkAra vAle dravyamana ke pradezoM kA mana:paryAyajJAna utpanna hotA hai, isase pRthagbhUta isakA saMsthAna nahIM hotA hai220 tathA aMgopAMga nAmakarma ke udaya se manovargaNA rUpa skandhoM dvArA hRdayasthAna meM mana kI utpatti hotI hai| vaha khile hue ATha pA~khur3I vAle kamala ke samAna hotI hai-21 aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM to mana kI upasthiti sampUrNa zarIra meM svIkRta hai, isalie manaHparyavajJAna kA koI nizcita saMsthAna nahIM hotA hai| samIkSaNa atIndriya pratyakSa jJAna meM manaHparyavajJAna dUsarA jJAna hai| mana kI paryAya ko jAnanA arthAt jJAna karanA manaHparyavajJAna hai| mana:paryavajJAna ke lie mana:paryava, mana:paryAya aura mana:paryaya ina tIna zabdoM kA prayoga hotA hai| 217. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 109 218. malayagiri, AvazyakavRtti, pR. 82 219. bandhatattva, pR. 24 220. paTakhaNDAgama, pustaka bhAga 13, pR. 330-332 221. hidi hodi hu davvamaNaM viyasiya aTThacchadAraviMdaM vaa| aMgovaMgudayAdo maNavaggaNakhaMdado nniymaa| -gommaTasAra (jIvakAMDa), gAthA 443, pR. 667

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SaSTha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM manaHparyavajJAna [441] matijJAna meM to svayaM ke mana ke dvArA vicAra hotA hai, isalie vahA~ mana mukhya sAdhana hai| jabaki mana:paryavajJAna meM dUsare ke mana meM sthita manovargaNA ke pudgala dekhakara vastu kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai, jisameM mana kI apekSA mAtra hotI hai| isalie mana:paryavajJAna matijJAna rUpa nahIM hai| isI prakAra anumAna aura zrutajJAna parokSa haiM tathA mana:paryavajJAna pratyakSa hai| isalie matijJAna isake samAna nahIM hotA hai| avadhi ke binA manaHparyavajJAna honA saMbhava hai| siddhasena divAkara ne avadhijJAna aura mana:paryavajJAna ko eka hI mAnA hai, lekina kisI bhI AcArya ne inake mata kA samarthana nahIM kiyA hai| svAmI, vizuddhi, dravya, viSaya, bhAva Adi se vibhinna pramANa dekara donoM meM bheda siddha kiyA gayA hai| mana:paryavajJAna prApta karane kI yogyatAoM kA varNana naMdIsUtra aura usakI TIkAoM meM prApta hotA hai, ataH jo jIva kramaza: manuSya, garbhajamanuSya yAvat RddhiprApta saMyata Adi nau yogyatA ko pUrNa karatA hai, vahI manaHparyavajJAna kA adhikArI hotA hai| ataH mana:paryAyajJAna cAritravAn sAdhuoM ko hI utpanna hotA hai| striyoM (sAdhviyoM) ko bhI mana:paryavajJAna ho sakatA hai| manaHparyavajJAna jaghanya eka samaya tathA utkRSTa dezona pUrvakoTi taka avasthita rahatA hai| mana:paryavajJAna guNapratyaya hI hotA hai arthAt viziSTa kSayopazama se hI manaHparyavajJAna utpanna hotA hai| avadhijJAna ke kAla aura kSetra kI vicitratA se aneka bheda hote haiM, vaise aneka bheda mana:paryavajJAna ke nahIM hote haiM, isake mukhya rUpa se do bheda hote haiM - Rjumati - jo sAmAnya rUpa se manodravya ko jAnatA hai, vaha Rjumati mana:paryavajJAna hai| jaiseki amuka vyakti ne ghaTa kA cintana kiyA hai| vipulamati - vizeSagrAhiNI mati vipulamati hai| amuka vyakti ne ghar3e kA cintana kiyA hai| vaha ghar3A sone kA banA huA hai ityAdi dravya, kSetra, kAla Adi ko jAnanA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke Agama aura graMthoM meM Rjumati aura vipulamati ke prabhedoM kA ullekha nahIM hai| lekina digambara paramparA meM inakA ullekha prApta hotA hai| Rjumati ke viSaya kI apekSA se tIna bheda hote haiM - 1. Rjumanogata, 2. Rjuvacanagata aura 3. Rjukaaygt| yahA~ Rju kA artha sarala hai| jaise kisI ne sarala mana se kisI padArtha kA spaSTa vicAra kiyA, kisI ne spaSTa vANI se vicAra vyakta kiyA aura kAyA se koI spaSTa kriyA kI aura use bhUla gayA, aba kisI ne Rjumati manaHparyavajJAnI se pUchA ki isane amuka samaya meM kyA ciMtana kiyA thA? kyA bolA thA? aura kAyA se kyA pravRtti kI thI? yA nahIM bhI pUchA jAya to bhI vaha spaSTa rUpa se uparyukta sabhI kriyAoM ko pratyakSa dekhakara batA degeN| vipulamati ke chaha bheda haiM, yathA 1. Rjumanogata, 2. Rjuvacanagata, 3. RjukAyagata, 4. anRjumanaskRtArthajJa, 5. anRjuvAkkRtArthajJa aura 6. anRjukAyakRtArthajJa / yahA~ vipula kA artha anirvartita aura kuTila hotA hai| RjumatijJAna kI zakti Rju vicArAdi taka maryAdita hai, jabaki vipulamati Rju (sarala) aura anRju (vakra) donoM prakAra ke vicArAdi ko jAna sakatA hai| digambara paramparA meM Rjumati aura vipulamati ke bheda apekSA vizeSa haiM, kyoMki mana:paryavajJAnI dUsare ke mana kI paryAyoM ko svayaM ke jJAna ke lie jAnegA, yA kisI ke pUchane para athavA bodha dene kI dRSTi se dUsare vyakti ko kahegA, koI vyakti usake kathana ko nahIM samajha pAyegA to mana:paryavajJAnI usako kAyika ceSTAoM se smjhaayegaa| ataH Rjumati aura vipulamati ke bheda ucita hI pratIta hote haiN| Rjumati se vipulamati kI tulanA karate hue umAsvAti ne vipulamati ko vizuddha batAyA hai| TIkAkAra apratipAtI avadhijJAna ke samAna hI vipulamati ko apratipAtI mAnate hue kevalajJAna kI prApti se pUrvataka usakI upasthiti svIkAra karate haiN| lekina bhagavatI sUtra ke pandrahaveM zataka meM varNita sumaMgala anagAra kA avadhijJAna apratipAtI siddha hotA hai, phira bhI sumaMgala anagAra ko usa bhava meM kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| ataH yahA~ TIkAkAroM dvArA mAnya apratipAtI kA artha ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| AgamoM meM bhI

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[442] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana vipulamati mana:paryavajJAna ko vizuddha vizuddhatara to batAyA hai, lekina apratipAtI kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| ataH vipulamati mana:paryavajJAnI ko usI bhava meM kevalajJAna ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| isa prakAra Rjumati evaM vipulamati meM svAmI, pramANa, sUkSmatA Adi kI apekSA se bhinnatA hai| manaHparyavajJAnI ke jJeya ke sambandha meM do mata prApta hote haiM - prathama mata ke anusAra mana ke dvArA cintita artha ke jJAna ke lie mana ko mAdhyama nahIM mAnakara sIdhA usa artha kA pratyakSa hotA hai| isa mata kA mukhya rUpa se digambarAcAryoM ne samarthana kiyA hai| mana:paryavajJAnI tInoM kAloM ke vicAra, vANI aura vartana ko jAna sakatA hai| dUsarA mata jinabhadragaNi Adi zvetAmbarAcAryoM kA hai, jisake anusAra manogata artha kA vicAra karane se jo mana kI dazA hotI hai, usa dazA athavA paryAyoM ko manaHparyAyajJAnI pratyakSa jAnatA hai| kintu una dazAoM meM jo artha rahA huA hai, usako anumAna se jAnatA hai| uparyukta donoM matoM meM se dvitIya mata adhika ucita pratIta hotA hai, isake do kAraNa haiM - 1. bhAva mana arUpI hotA hai aura arUpI padArthoM ko chadmastha nahIM jAna sakatA hai| lekina bhAva mana ke mAdhyama se dravya mana meM jo manovargaNA utpanna hotI hai, ve rUpI hotI haiM, jinheM chadmastha jAna sakatA hai| 2. mana:paryAyajJAna se sAkSAt artha kA jJAna nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki mana:paryavajJAna kA viSaya rUpI dravya kA anantavAM bhAga hai| yadi mana:paryAyajJAnI mana ke sabhI viSayoM kA sAkSAt jJAna kara letA hai to arUpI dravya bhI usake viSaya ho jAte haiM, jo svIkAra karanA Agama sammata nahIM hai| ata: yaha mantavya ucita hai ki manaHparyavajJAnI mana kA sAkSAtkAra karake usameM cintita artha ko anumAna se jAnatA hai| aisA mAnane para mana ke dvArA soce gaye mUrta-amUrta sabhI dravyoM ko jAna sakatA hai, isakI saMgati baittheNgii| mana:paryavajJAnI kA viSaya dravyamana hI hotA hai, cintana ke samaya saMjJI paMcendriya ke dravyamana meM jina manovargaNA ke skaMdhoM kA nimArNa hotA hai, ve pudgalamaya hone se rUpI hote haiM aura ina rUpI skaMdhoM (paryAyoM) ke AdhAra para cintana kiye gaye ghaTAdi padArtha ko anumAna se jAna liyA jAtA hai| dravyAdi kI apekSA manaHparyavajJAnI ke viSaya kA ullekha isa prakAra se hai - Rjumati dravya se ananta pradezI skaMdha ko jAnatA dekhatA hai| kSetra se jaghanya aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga utkRSTa nIce ratnaprabhA naraka ke uparima adhastana (UparI pratara se nIce) ke kSullaka prataroM ko, Urdhva loka meM jyotiSI ke Upara ke tala ko tathA tirachI dizA meM ar3hAI aMgula kama aDhAI dvIpa ke sannI paMcendriya paryApta jIvoM ke mana ke bhAvoM ko jAnatA dekhatA hai| manuSyakSetra meM jinakA cintana kiyA, lekina ve pudgala manuSya kSetra se bAhara cale gaye haiM, unako bhI mana:paryavajJAnI nahIM jAnatA hai| gommaTasAra meM manuSyakSetra (45 lAkha yojana) ko caukora ghanapratara pramANa mAnA hai, golAkAra rUpa nhiiN| lekina zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha kSetra golAkAra ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| kAla se jaghanya utkRSTa pala ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga jitanA bhUta, bhaviSyat kAla jAnatA dekhatA hai| digambara paramparA ke anusAra Rjumati kA jaghanya viSaya do-tIna bhava hote haiM aura utkRSTa sAta ATha bhava hote haiN| vipulamati kA jaghanya viSaya ATha-nau bhava hote haiM aura utkRSTa palya kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga pramANa bhava hai| vaha bhAva se ananta bhAvoM ko aura saba bhAvoM ke anantaveM bhAga ko jAnatA dekhatA hai| vipulamati bhI isI taraha hai, parantu kSetra se Rjumati kI apekSA pratyeka dizA meM aDhAI aDhAI aMgula kSetra adhika dravya kSetra kAla bhAva ko kucha adhika vistAra sahita vizuddha va spaSTa jAnatA dekhatA hai| mana:paryavajJAna kA viSaya utsedhAMgula se nApA jAtA hai| ___ manaHparyavajJAnI binA ciMtana meM AI vastu ko nahIM jAnatA hai, saikar3oM yojana dUra rahe hue kisI grAma-nagara Adi ko manaHparyavajJAnI nahIM dekha sakatA hai, lekina yadi vahI grAma Adi kisI ke mana meM smRti ke rUpa meM vidyamAna haiM, taba mana:paryavajJAnI unakA sAkSAtkAra kara sakate haiN|

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SaSTha adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM manaHparyavajJAna [443] mana:paryavajJAnI ke viSaya ke varNana meM 'jANai' aura 'pAsai' ina do kriyAoM kA prayoga huA hai| yahA~ 'jANai' kA artha jAnanA (jJAna) aura 'pAsai' kA artha dekhanA (darzana) kiyA gayA hai| mana:paryavajJAna se jAnanA to saMbhava hai, lekina dekhanA kaise saMbhava hai? kyoMki cakSu Adi cAra darzanoM meM mana:paryavadarzana kA ullekha nahIM hai| isalie vidvAnoM meM 'pAsai' kriyA ke sambandha meM matabheda hai| isa sambandha meM jinabhadragaNi ne vibhinna matAntaroM kA ullekha kiyA hai - 1. manaHparyavajJAnI acakSudarzana se dekhatA hai, lekina yaha mata ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki mana:paryavajJAna pratyakSa jJAna hai, jabaki acakSudarzana parokSa jJAna hai| 2. mana:paryavajJAnI avadhidarzana se dekhatA hai, yaha tarka saMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki mana:paryavajJAnI ke niyama se avadhijJAna ho, aisA ullekha AgamoM meM kahIM bhI prApta nahIM hotA hai evaM binA avadhijJAna ke avadhidarzana nahIM ho sakatA hai| 3. katipaya AcAryoM kA mAnanA hai ki jisa prakAra mithyAdRSTi jIva ke vibhaMgajJAna hotA hai aura usake vibhaMgadarzana ko avadhi darzana kahA jAtA hai usI prakAra mana:paryavajJAnI kA manaHparyavadarzana bhI avadhidarzana hai, lekina yaha AgamAnusAra nahIM hai, kyoMki bhagavatI sUtra meM mana:paryavajJAna meM do yA tIna darzana kahe gaye haiN| do darzana hoM to cakSu-acakSudarzana tathA tIna darzana hoM to cakSu-acakSu aura avadhidarzana pAye jAte haiM evaM jaba avadhi yA vibhaMga jJAna hogA tabhI avadhidarzana hogaa| lekina manaHparyavajJAnI ke avadhijJAna ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| 4. avadhisahita mana:paryavajJAna vAlA jAnatA aura dekhatA hai, jabaki avadhirahita manaHparyavajJAna vAlA sirpha jAnatA hai, lekina yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai kyoMki aisA saMbhava hotA to AgamakAra manaHparyava ke sAtha 'jANai' 'pAsai' athavA 'jANai' isa prakAra vikalpa rUpa se ina donoM kriyAoM kA prayoga karate, lekina AgamoM meM manaHparyavajJAna ke prasaMga para sabhI jagaha ina donoM kriyAoM kA sAtha meM hI prayoga huA hai| 5. mana:paryavajJAna sAkAra upayoga hone se usameM darzana nahIM hotA hai, lekina mUla TIkAkAra ne bhI isa mata ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| isa prakAra uparyukta pAMcoM mata doSayukta hai| isalie mana:paryavajJAna meM AgamAnusAra darzana kI siddhi pazyattA ke mAdhyama se kI gaI hai| isa prakAra uparyukta pAMcoM mata doSayukta hai| isalie manaHparyavajJAna meM AgamAnusAra darzana kI siddhi pazyattA ke mAdhyama se kI gaI hai| prazna - manolabdhi, mana:paryavajJAna aura mana kA upayoga ina tInoM meM kyA antara hai? uttara - manolabdhi usa avadhijJAna ko kahate haiM jo loka ke eka saMkhyAtaveM bhAga evaM palyopama ke eka saMkhyAtaveM bhAga jitane bhUta-bhaviSya ko jAnatA hai| isa avadhijJAna ke dvArA apanI kSetra sImA meM rahe hue manodravyoM ko jAnakara una jIvoM ke manogata bhAvoM ko jAna letA hai, vaha avadhijJAna hI hai| mana:paryavajJAna anya vargaNAoM ko nahIM jAnate hue aDhAI dvIpavartI saMjJIjIvoM ke manogata bhAvoM ko hI jAnatA hai| manolabdhi vAlA avadhi to audArika vargaNAoM ko evaM vizAla kSetra ke jIvoM ke manogata bhAvoM ko jAna sakatA hai| kintu mana:paryavajJAnI kI to mAtra manodravya evaM aDhAI dvIpa kI hI sImA hai| manoyoga se jo ciMtana kiyA jAtA hai, usako svayaM hI jAnanA yaha mana kA upayoga hai| tInoM meM paraspara bheda hai| mana:paryavajJAna ke sambandha meM vizeSa bindu- 1. Rjumati manaHparyavajJAnI manuSya kSetra meM vipulamati se r3hAI aMgula kama dekhatA haiM, to ye aMgalu utsedha aMgula se samajhanA caahiye| 2. mana:paryavajJAnI muni mana:paryavajJAna kI sImA ke bhItara rahane vAle devoM ke mana kI bAta bhI jAna sakate haiN| 3. mana:paryavajJAna kA svAmI apramatta saMyata hotA hai, tIrthaMkara bhagavantoM ko dIkSA grahaNa karate hI mana:paryavajJAna ho jAtA hai, tatpazcAt sAdhanA kAla meM ve sAtaveM se chaThe aura chaThe se sAtaveM guNasthAna

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana meM Ate-jAte rahate haiN| chaThe guNasthAna meM Ane para kyA unake manaH paryavajJAna para pramAda avasthA kA koI asara hotA hai ? kyoMki manaH paryavajJAna apramAdI ko hI hotA hai| lekina hone ke bAda pramatta aura apramatta donoM avasthAoM meM raha sakatA hai / [444] uparyukta varNana kA sArAMza yaha hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM manaH paryavajJAna kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| usI varNana ke AdhAra para donoM paramparAoM meM manaH paryavajJAna meM kucha antara pratIta huA hai jo nimna prakAra se hai / 1. zvetAmbara paramparA meM manaH paryavajJAnI mana kI paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai aura una paryAyoM ke AdhAra para anumAna se una bAhya padArthoM ko jAnatA hai| jabaki digambara paramparA meM manaH paryavajJAnI mana meM cintita artha ko bhI sAkSAt jAnatA hai| 2. zvetAmbara paramparA meM Rjumati aura vipulamati ke prabhedoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai / jabaki digambara paramparA meM Rjumati ke tIna aura vipulamati ke chaha bhedoM kA ullekha milatA hai| 3. zvetAmbara paramparA meM jaghanya manaH paryAyajJAnI dravya kI apekSA saMjJI jIva ke manarUpa meM pariNata manovargaNA ke ananta pradezI ananta skandhoM ko jAnate haiM / utkRSTa manaHparyAyajJAnI manovargaNA ke anaMta pradezI ananta skandha hI jAnate haiM, lekina yaha skandha jaghanya manaH paryAyajJAna se anantaguNA adhika hote haiN| jabaki digambara paramparA ke anusAra dravya kI apekSA kArmaNavargaNA kA anantavAM bhAga jo sarvAvadhi kA viSaya hai usake bhI ananta bhAga karane para jo antima bhAga prApta hotA hai, vaha manaH paryava kA viSaya hai, isake bhI ananta bhAga karane para jo antima bhAga prApta hotA hai, vaha mana:paryava kA utkRSTa viSaya hai, jo ki jaghanya se bhI sUkSma hai| 4. zvetAmbara paramparA meM kSetra kI apekSA manaH paryavajJAnI jaghanya se aMgula kA asaMkhyAtavA~ bhAga jAnate dekhate haiM tathA utkRSTa se nIce isa ratnaprabhA pRthvI ke uparima adhastana kSudra pratara taka, Upara jyotiSiyoM ke uparitala taka aura tiryak loka meM manuSya kSetra taka jAnate dekhate haiN| kintu digambara paramparA meM kSetra kI apekSA manaH paryavajJAnI jaghanya gavyUti pRthaktva aura utkRSTa mAnuSottarazaila ke andara ke kSetra kA jAnatA hai / 5. zvetAmbara paramparA meM kAla kI apekSA manaH paryavajJAnI jaghanya palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga jitanA kAla jAnatA hai aura utkRSTa kAla meM bhUta, bhaviSyakAlIna palyopama ke asaMkhyabhAga jitanA jAnate, dekhate haiM / kintu jaghanya se utkRSTa kAla adhika hotA hai / digambara paramparA meM kAla kI apekSA manaHparyavajJAnI jaghanya se do yA tIna bhava aura utkRSTa asaMkhyAta bhavoM ko jAnate haiN| 6. zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhAva kI apekSA manaH paryavajJAnI jaghanya ananta bhAvoM ko jAnate dekhate haiM, sarvabhAvoM ke anantaveM bhAga ko jAnate haiM aura utkRSTa unhIM bhAvoM ko adhika vizuddha jAnate dekhate haiM / kintu digambara paramparA meM bhAva kI apekSA se manaH paryavajJAnI jaghanya (eka samaya sambandhI audArika zarIra kI nirjarA ko) aura utkRSTa asaMkhyAta paryAyoM ko jAnatA haiN| jaghanya bhAva kI apekSA utkRSTa jo-jo dravya jJAta haiM, unakI asaMkhyAta paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai / 7. zvetAmbara paramparA meM manaH paryava jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazama sampUrNa Atma pradezoM para hotA hai, isalie dravya mana sampUrNa zarIra meM vidyAmAna hai / parantu digambara paramparA meM mana: paryava jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazama hone para vikasita ATha paMkhur3I yukta kamala jaise AkAra vAle dravyamana ke pradezoM meM mana: paryAyajJAna utpanna hotA hai| dravya mana hRdaya meM sthita hai|

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saptama adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna kevalajJAna sabhI jJAnoM kA caramotkarSa hai| kevalajJAna kI prApti ke bAda hI AtmA sampUrNa rUpa se anAvRtta hotI hai, evaM svabhAva meM ramaNa kara zuddha caitanya kI anubhUti karate hue siddha, buddha, niraMjana, nirAkAra evaM nirvikAra avasthA ko prApta karatI hai arthAt sva svarUpa meM sthita hotI hai| prAcIna Agamika kAla meM sarvotkRSTa jJAna ke lie 'kevalaNANe' (kevalajJAna)' 'uppannanANadaMsaNadharA' (utpannajJAna-darzanadhArI (kevalajJAna-kevaladarzI)2 'savvadaMsI' (sarvadarzI) 'abhibhUyaNANI' (abhibhUtajJAnI-kevalajJAnI)3 'aNaMtacakkhU' (anaMtacakSu) 'buddhA' (buddhA)5 'aNaMtaNANadaMsI' (anantajJAnIanantadarzI) 'jagasavvadaMsiNA' (jagatsarvadarzI) Adi zabda prApta hote haiN| bauddha paramparA meM gautama ke lie buddha zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 'kevala' zabda eka prakAra ke zuddha ke jJAna ke artha kA, to dUsarI ora ekala (akelA) artha kA vAcaka hai| isa prakAra prAcIna kAla meM sarvocca jJAna ke lie vibhinna zabdoM kA prayoga huA, unhIM zabdoM meM se kevala' zabda dhIre-dhIra sarvoccatama jJAna ke lie sthira ho gyaa| usa kAla meM 'kevala' zabda mAtra kevalajJAnI ke lie hI prayoga nahIM hotA thA, balki avadhijJAnI kevalI, mana:paryavajJAna kevalI aura kevalajJAna kevalI ke lie kevala zabda kA ullekha AgamoM meM milatA hai| athavA yaha bhI saMbhava ho sakatA hai ki kAlakrama se avadhi aura mana:paryava zabda to usa jJAna ke lie sthira ho gaye aura kevalI zabda kevalajJAnI ke lie sthira ho gyaa| kevalajJAna ko anta meM kahane kA kAraNa kevalajJAna se pUrva meM mati, zruta, avadhi evaM manaHparyavajJAna ina cAra jJAnoM kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai| lekina prazna uThatA hai ki kevalajJAna to sarvotkRSTa jJAna hai, ise sabase pahale kahanA cAhie thaa| isake uttara meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa kahate haiM ki mana:paryavajJAna ke bAda aura pahale kahe anusAra uddeza, zuddhi aura lAbha baDhane se sabhI AvaraNoM kA kSaya hone se sarvotkRSTa zuddhi hotI hai, kevalajJAna utpanna hotA hai| isalie sabhI se zreSTha kevalajJAna hai| prAyaH jIva ko sabhI jJAnoM kA lAbha hone ke bAda hI kevalajJAna kI prApti hotI hai, isalie sabhI ke anta meM kevalajJAna kA nirdeza kiyA hai| kevalajJAnI sabhI padArthoM kI sabhI paryAyoM ko niraMtara jAnatA hai| sabhI AvaraNoM se rahita kevalajJAna prakAza rUpa mAnA gayA hai| 1. bhagavatI sUtra 8.2.2, uttarAdhyayana sUtra 28.4, 33.4, sthAnAMga sUtra 5.3.12 2. bhagavatIsUtra 1.4.5. sthAnAMgasUtra 1.3 3. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1.6.5 4. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1.6.25 5. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1.8.23 6. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1.9.24 7. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1.2.2.31 8. tao kevalI paNNattA, taM jahA-ohiNANakevalI, maNapajjavaNANakevalI, kevliinnaannkevlii| - yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, sthAnAMga sUtra sthA. 3 udde. 4, pR. 192 9. vizeSAvazyakabhASyagAthA 824-827

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[446] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana kevalajJAna kA lakSaNa zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM kevalajJAna kI sattA ko nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| donoM paramparAoM ke AcAryoM ne kevalajJAna ko paribhASita kiyA hai, jo nimna prakAra se haizvetAmbara AcAyoM kI dRSTi meM kevalajJAna kA lakSaNa - 1. AcArya bhadrabAhu ne Avazyakaniyukti meM kahA hai ki sabhI dravyAdi ke pariNAma kI sattA ko vizeSa jAne ke kAraNa ananta, zAzvata, apratipAtI aura eka prakAra kA jo jJAna hai, vaha kevalajJAna hai| 2. naMdIsUtra ke anusAra - jo jJAna asahAya, zuddha, saMpUrNa, asAdhAraNa aura anaMta ina pAMca vizeSaNoM se yukta hai, vaha kevalajJAna hai|" 3. jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa (saptama zatI) ke mantavyAnusAra - zuddha, paripUrNa, asAdhAraNa va anaMta, aisA jo jJAna hai use kevala jJAna kahA jAtA hai| arthAt paryAya ananta hone se kevalajJAna ananta hai| sadA upayogayukta hone se vaha zAzvata hai| isakA vyaya nahIM hotA, isalie apratipAti hai| AvaraNa kI pUrNa zuddhi ke kAraNa vaha eka prakAra kA hai| maladhArI hemacandra (dvAdaza zatI) ne inakA spaSTIkaraNa nimna prakAra se kiyA hai - 1. kevalajJAna mati Adi jJAnoM se nirapekSa hai, isalie asahAya hai| 2. vaha nirAvaraNa hai, isalie zuddha hai| 3. azeSa AvaraNa kI kSINatA ke kAraNa prathama kSaNa meM hI pUrNarUpa meM utpanna hotA hai, isalie vaha sakala-sampUrNa hai| 4. vaha anya jJAnoM ke sadRza nahIM hai, isalie asAdhAraNa hai| 5. jJeya ananta haiM, isalie vaha ananta hai|4| ____4. naMdIcUrNi meM jinadAsagaNi (saptama zatI) ne varNana kiyA hai ki jo mUrta aura amUrta saba dravyoM ko sarvathA, sarvatra aura sarvakAla meM jAnatA-dekhatA hai, vaha kevalajJAna hai| 5. vAdidevasari (dvAdaza zatI) ne pramANanayatattvAloka meM ullekha kiyA hai ki samyagdarzana Adi antaraMga sAmagrI aura tapazcaryA Adi bAhya sAmagrI se samasta ghAti karmoM ke kSaya se utpanna hone vAlA tathA samasta dravyoM aura samasta paryAyoM ko pratyakSa karane vAlA kevalajJAna sakala pAramArthika pratyakSa kahalAtA hai| 6. tattvArthabhASya ke TIkAkAra siddhasenagaNi ke anusAra - kevala arthAt sampUrNa jJeya ko jAnane vAlA jJAna kevalajJAna hai| vaha samasta dravyoM evaM unakI paryAyoM kA paricchedaka hotA hai, athavA mati Adi jJAnoM se rahita jJAnAvaraNa karma ke pUrNa kSaya se utpanna eka mAtra jJAna kevalajJAna hai| dUsare koI bheda-prabheda nahIM hote haiN|" ____7. AcArya hemacandra (dvAdaza zatI) ke kathanAnusAra - AvaraNoM kA sarvathA kSaya ho jAne para cetana AtmA kA svarUpa prakaTa ho jAnA, mukhya pratyakSa hai| 10. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 77 11. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 68 12. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 84 13. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 828 14. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 84 kI TIkA, hAribhadrIya, nandIvRtti, pR. 19 15. naMdIcUrNi pR. 21 16. sakalaM tu sAmagrI vizeSataH samudbhUtaM samastAvaraNakSayopakSaM, nikhiladravyaparyAyasAkSAtkArisvarUpaM kevljnyaanm| - pramANanayatattvAloka sUtra. 2.23, pR. 24 17. kevalaM-sampUrNajJeyaM tassa tasmin vA sakalajJeye yajjJAnaM tat kevalajJAnam, srvdrvybhaavpricchediitiyaavt| athavA kevalaM ekaM matyAdijJAnarahitamAtyantikajJAnAvaraNakSayaprabhavaM kevalajJAnaM avdyimaansvprbhedm| -sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra, 1.9 pR. 70 18. tata savarthAvaraNavilaye cetanasya svarUpAvirbhAvo mukhyaM kevlm| - pramANamImAMsA, (paM. sukhalAla siMghavI) a. 1.15 pR.10

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [447] 8. maladhArI hemacandra ne kahA hai ki jisa jJAna se jIvAdi sabhI dravyoM ko tathA prayoga, svabhAva aura visrasA pariNAma rUpa utpAda Adi sabhI paryAyoM se yukta sattA ko vizeSa prakAra se jAnA jAtA hai evaM bheda binA bhI sabhI dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ko asti rUpa se jAnA jAtA hai, vaha kevalajJAna hai| 9. upAdhyAya yazovijayajI (18vIM zatAbdI) ke jJAnabindaprakaraNa ke mantavyAnasAra jo AtmamAtra sApekSa hai, bAhya sAdhana nirapekSa hai, saba padArthoM ko arthAt traikAlika dravya paryAyoM ko sAkSAt viSaya karatA hai, vahI kevalajJAna hai| 10. ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja ke anusAra - jisa jJAna meM jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA samUla kSaya hotA hai| bhUta, bhaviSyat evaM vartamAna kAla ke samasta padArtha jisameM hastAmalakavat pratibimbitva hote rahate haiM tathA jo matyAdika kSAyopazamika jJAnoM se nirapekSa rahatA hai, use kevalajJAna kahate haiM digambara AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM kevalajJAna kA lakSaNa - 1. AcArya kundakunda (dvitIya-tRtIya zatI) ke pravacanasAra ke anusAra - jo jJAna pradeza rahita (kAlANu tathA paramANuoM) ko, pradeza sahita (paMcAstikAyoM) ko, mUrta aura amUrta tathA zuddha jIvAdika dravyoM ko, anAgata paryAyoM ko aura atIta paryAyoM ko jAnanA hai, usa jJAna ko atIndriya jJAna kahate haiN| AcArya kuMdakuMda niyamasAra meM kahate haiM ki kevalajJAna kA lakSaNa vyavahAranaya aura nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se bhI kiyA hai - vyavahAranaya se kevalI bhagavAn sabako jAnate haiM aura dekhate haiN| nizcayanaya se kevalajJAnI apanI AtmA ko jAnate haiM aura dekhate haiM jaina darzana ke anusAra jJAna sva-para prakAzaka hai| vaha svaprakAzI hai, isa AdhAra para kevalajJAnI nizcayanaya se AtmA ko jAnatA dekhatA hai, yaha lakSaNa saMgata hai| vaha paraprakAzI hai, isa AdhAra para vaha sabako jAnatA-dekhatA hai, yaha lakSaNa vyavahAra naya se saMgata hai| 2. kasAyapAhuDa ke racayitA AcArya guNadharAnusAra (dvitIya-tRtIya zatI) - asahAya jJAna ko kevalajJAna kahate haiM, kyoMki vaha indriya, prakAza aura manaskAra arthAt manovyApAra kI apekSA se rahita hai| athavA kevalajJAna AtmA aura artha se atirikta kisI indriyAdika sahAyaka kI apekSA se rahita hai, isalie bhI vaha kevala arthAt asahAya hai| isa prakAra kevala arthAt asahAya jo jJAna hai, use kevalajJAna kahate haiN| 3. AcArya bhUtabali-puSpadaMta (dvitIya-tRtIya zatI) ke anusAra - vaha kevalajJAna sakala hai, saMpUrNa hai aura asapatna hai| 4. amRtacandrasUri ne tatvArthasAra meM kahA hai ki - jo kisI bAhya padArtha kI sahAyatA se rahita, AtmasvarUpa se utpanna ho, AvaraNa se rahita ho, kramarahita ho, ghAtI karmoM ke kSaya se utpanna ho tathA samasta padArthoM ko jAnane vAlA ho, use kevalajJAna kahate haiN| 19. maladhArI hemacandra, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 823 kI TIkA, pR. 336 20. jJAnabinduprakaraNam, pR. 19 21. ghAsIlAlajI ma., naMdIsUtra, pR. 17,18 22. apadesaM sapadesaM mattamattaM ca pjjymjaadN| palayaM gayaM ca jANAdi taM NANamadiMdiyaM bhnniyN|-prvcnsaar, gAthA 41, pR. 70 23. niyamasAra, hastinApura, digambara jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, pra. saM. 1985, gAthA 159 pR. 463 24. kasAyapAhuDaM, pu. 1, pR. 19 25. taM ca kevalaNAMNaM sagalaM saMpuNNaM asavataM / SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13 sUtra 5.5.81 pR. 345 26. asahAyaM svarUpotthaM niraavrnnmkrmm| ghAtikarma kSayotpannaM kevala srvbhaavgm| - tattvArthasAra, prathama adhikAra, gAthA 30 pR.15

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[448] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 5. pUjyapAda (paMcama - SaSTha zatI) ke anusAra ke dvArA mokSa mArga kA sevana karate haiM vaha kevalajJAna kahalAtA hai / " - arthIjana jisake lie bAhya aura AbhyaMtara tapa 6. akalaMka (aSTama zatI) ke kathanAnusAra jisake lie bAhya aura AbhyaMtara vividha prakAra ke tapa kiye jAte haiM, vaha lakSya bhUta kevalajJAna hai| yahAM kevala zabda asahAya artha meM hai jaise kevala anna khAtA hai arthAt zAka Adi rahita anna khAtA hai, usI taraha kevala arthAt kSAyopazamika Adi jJAnoM kI sahAyatA se rahita asahAya kevalajJAna hai| yaha rUr3ha zabda hai | 7 - 7. AcArya zubhacandra ke jJAnArNava ke anusAra jo jJAna samasta dravyoM aura unakI sabhI paryAyoM ko jAnane vAlA hai, samasta jagat ko dekhane kA netra hai tathA anaMta hai, eka aura atIndriya hai arthAt matizruta jJAna ke samAna indriyajanita nahIM hai, kevala AtmA se hI jAnatA hai, vaha kevalajJAna hai / 28 8. vIrasenAcArya (navama zatI) dhavalATIkA meM kahate hai ki 1. jo jJAna asahAya arthAt indriya aura Aloka kI apekSA rahita hai, trikAlagocara anaMta paryAyoM se samavAyasaMbaMdha ko prApta anaMta vastuoM ko jAnane vAlA hai, sarvavyApaka (asaMkuTita ) hai aura asapatna ( pratipakSI rahita ) hai, use kevalajJAna kahate haiM / 29 2. jo mAtra AtmA aura artha ke saMnidhAna se utpanna hotA hai, jo trikAlagocara samasta dravya aura paryAyoM ko viSaya karatA hai, jo karaNa, krama aura vyavadhAna se rahita hai, sakala prameyoM ke dvArA jisakI maryAdA nahIM pAI jA sakatI, jo pratyakSa evaM vinAza rahita hai, vaha kevalajJAna hai 30 9. gommaTasAra meM nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ( ekAdaza zatI) ne ullekha kiyA hai ki kevalajJAna, saMpUrNa, samagra, kevala, pratipakSa rahita, sarvapadArtha gata aura lokAloka meM aMdhakAra rahita hai arthAt kevala jJAna samasta padArthoM ko viSaya karane vAlA hai| paMcasaMgraha meM bhI yahI paribhASA milatI hai / 2 10. abhayacandrasiddhAnta cakravartI kI karmaprakRti ke anusAra indriya, prakAza aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA trikAla gocara loka tathA aloka ke samasta padArthoM kA eka sAtha avabhAsa (jJAna) kevalajJAna hai| 3 - kevalajJAna ke uparyukta vibhinna lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki sabhI graMthakAroM, sUtrakAroM ne AvaraNa kSaya se hone vAle kevalajJAna ko eka zuddha, asAdhAraNa, zAzvata, apratipAtI, anaMta, vizuddha evaM samagra ityAdi rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| kevalajJAna ko paribhASita karane meM prayukta vizeSaNoM kA artha donoM paramparAoM ke AcAryoM ne kevalajJAna ko paribhASita karate hue kevalajJAna ke lie vibhinna vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, yathA paripUrNa, samagra, asAdhAraNa, nirapekSa, vizuddha, sarvabhAva prajJApaka, saMpUrNa lokAloka prakAzaka, anaMta paryAya ityAdi, jinakA artha nimna prakAra se haiM - - 26. sarvArthasiddhi 1.9, pR. 68 27. tattvArtharAjatArtika, 1.9.6-7 pR. 32 28. azeSadravyaparyAyaviSayaM vizvalocanam / anaMtamekamatyakSaM kevalaM kIrtitaM jinaiH / jJAnArNava, pra. 7 gAthA 8, pR. 163 29. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA), pu. 6, sUtra 1.9.1.14, pR. 29 30. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA) pu. 13 sUtra 5.5.21 pR. 213 31. saMpuNNa tu samaggaM kevalamasavattaM savvabhAvagayaM / loyAloyavitimiraM kevalaNANaM maNudevvaM / 32. paMcasaMgraha, gAthA 126, pR. 27 -gommaTasAra (jIvakAMDa), bhAga 2, gAthA 460 33. karmaprakRti, pR. 6

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [449] 1. paripUrNa - kevalajJAna sabhI dravya aura usakI trikAlavartI paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai, isalie yaha jJAna paripUrNa kahalAtA hai| sabhI jAnane yogya padArthoM ko jAnane vAlA hone se paripUrNa hai| 2. samagra (sampUrNa) - jo jJAna saMpUrNa hotA hai vaha kevalajJAna hai| yaha jJAna saMpUrNa padArthoM (rUpI-arUpI) kI samasta trikAlavartI paryAyoM ko samagra rUpa se grahaNa karatA hai| cUMki kevalajJAna anaMtadarzana, anaMtavIrya, virati evaM kSAyika samyaktva Adi anaMta guNoM se pUrNa hai, isalie ise saMpUrNa kahA jAtA hai| 3. sakala - kevalajJAna akhaMDa hone se sakala hai, samasta bAhya artha meM pravRtti nahIM hone se jJAna meM jo khaMDapanA AtA hai, aisA khaMDapanA kevalajJAna meM saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki kevalajJAna ke viSaya trikAlagocara azeSa bAhya padArtha haiM athavA, dravya, guNa aura paryAyoM ke bheda kA jJAna anyathA nahIM bana sakane ke kAraNa jinakA astitva nizcita hai, aise jJAna ke avayavoM kA nAma kalA hai| ina kalAoM ke sAtha vaha avasthita rahatA hai, isalie sakala hai| 4. asAdhAraNa - kevalajJAna jaisA aura koI dUsarA jJAna nahIM hotA hai| mati Adi jJAna kI apekSA yaha viziSTa hai, isalie asAdhAraNa hai| 5. nirapekSa - kevala jJAna matyAdika jJAna kI apekSA nirapekSa hai| kevalajJAna hone para matyAdika jJAna rahate nahIM haiN| yaha jJAna to apane AvaraNa kA pUrNa kSaya hone se hotA hai| indriyAdi kI apekSA se rahita hotA hai, nirapekSa hai| jo jJAna kisI kI sahAyatA ke binA sampUrNa jJeya padArthoM kA viSaya karatA hai athavA jo jJAna manuSya bhava meM utpanna hotA hai, anya kisI bhava meM utpanna nahIM hotA hai, usa kI avasthiti deha aura videha donoM avasthAoM meM pAI jAtI hai| 6. vizuddha - cAra jJAna kSAyopazamika hone se sarvathA vizuddha nahIM hote haiM, jabaki kevalajJAna sampUrNa jJAnAvaraNa evaM darzanAvaraNa karma ke vigata (kSaya) hone para hI hotA hai, ataH ise vizuddha kahA gayA hai| 7. sarvabhAvaprajJApaka - yaha samasta jIvAdika padArthoM kA prarUpaka hai, isalie yaha sarvabhAva prajJApaka hai| zaMkA hotI hai ki kevalajJAna ko to mUka batalAyA hai, phira yaha padArthoM kA prarUpaka kaise ho sakatA hai? samAdhAna meM kahA gayA hai ki yaha bAta upacAra se siddha hotI hai, ata: use prarUpaka kahA hai, kyoMki samasta jIvAdika bhAvoM kA sarvarUpa se yathArthadarzI jJAna kevalajJAna hai aura zabda kevalajJAna dvArA dekhe hue padArthoM kI hI prarUpaNA karatA hai, isalie upacAra se aisA mAna liyA jAtA hai ki kevalajJAna hI unakA prarUpaka hai| 8. saMpUrNa lokAloka viSayaka - dharmAdika dravyoM kI jahAM vRtti hai, usakA nAma loka hai aura isase viparIta aloka hai| isameM AkAza ke sivAya aura koI dravya nahIM hai| yaha anaMta aura astikAya rUpa hai| loka aura aloka meM jo kucha jJeya padArtha hotA hai, usakA sarvarUpa se prakAzaka hone se yaha saMpUrNalokAloka viSayaka kahA jAtA hai|" 34. kevalaM paripUrNa smstjnyeyaavgmaat| - maladhArI hemacandra, pR. 337 35. SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13 sUtra 5.5.81 pR. 345 36. SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13 sUtra 5.5.81 pR. 345 37. ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja, naMdIsatra, pR. 166 38. matyAdijJAnanirapekSatvAdasahAyaM vA kevlN| - maladhArI hemacandra, pR. 337 39. ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja, naMdIsUtra, pR. 166 40. ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja, naMdIsUtra, pR. 166 41. ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja, naMdIsUtra, pR. 167

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[450] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 9. anaMta paryAya matyAdikajJAna jisa prakAra sarvadravyoM ko unakI kucha paryAyoM ko parokSapratyakSa rUpa se jAnate haiM, usa prakAra yaha jJAna nahIM jAnatA hai, kiMtu yaha to samasta dravyoM ko aura unakI samasta paryAyoM ko yugapat pratyakSa jAnatA hai, isalie yaha anaMta paryAya kahA jAtA hai|" 10. ananta vaha paryAya se ananta hai jo jJAna anaMta hotA hai, usakA nAma kevalajJAna hai| kyoMki eka bAra AtmA meM isa jJAna ke ho jAne para phira usakA pratipAta nahIM hotA hai tathA jJeya padArtha ananta hote haiM aura jo una anaMta jJeyoM ko jAnatA hai use bhI anaMta mAnA gayA hai| athavA jAnane yogya ananta viSaya hone se yaha ananta paryAya vAlA hai, ataH kevalajJAna ananta hai " athavA jitane jJeyapadArtha haiM, unase anantaguNa bhI jJeyapadArtha hoM to bhI unako jAnane kI kSamatA hone se kevalajJAna anaMta haiN| 11. ekavidha - sarvazuddha hone se eka prakAra kA hai| 15 sabhI prakAra ke jJAnAvaraNa kA kSaya hone se utpanna hotA hai, ataH yaha ekavidha hai|" SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra jo jJAna, bheda rahita ho, vaha 'kevalajJAna' hai| bhedarahitatA ekatva kI sUcaka hai|" 12. asapatna sapatna kA artha zatru hai, kevalajJAna ke zatru karma haiM, ve zatru nahIM rahe haiM, isalie kevalajJAna asapatna hai| usane apane pratipakSI kA samUla nAza kara diyA hai| - 13. zAzvata labdhi kI apekSA yaha pratikSaNa sthAyI hai, aMtara rahita - nirantara vidyamAna rahatA hai niraMtara upayoga vAlA hone se zAzvata hai 1 14. apratipAtI nAza ko prApta nahIM hone se apratipAtI hai / " labdhi kI apekSA trikAla sthAyI hai, antarahita hone se anantakAla taka vidyamAna rahatA hai arthAt utpanna hone ke bAda jisakA nAza nahIM hotA hai, vaha apratipAtI jJAna hai / vaha sarva dravyoM ke pariNAma prApta bhAvoM ke jJAna kA kAraNa hai| 2 - prazna jo zAzvata hotA hai vaha apratipAtI to hotA hI hai, phira 'apratipAtI' alaga vizeSaNa kyoM diyA hai? - uttara 'zazvad bhavaM zAzvatam' isa vyutpatti ke anusAra jo anavarata hotA hai, vaha zAzvata kahalAtA hai arthAt koI bhI padArtha jitane kAla taka rahatA hai, to vaha niraMtara ( zAzvata) hI rahatA hai / paraMtu isa artha meM se apratipAtI kA artha sphuTa nahIM hotA hai| yahA~ 'anavarata rahane vAlA jJAna kitane samaya taka rahegA? isa prazna kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai, isalie 'apratipAtI' kahA gayA hai / kevalajJAna eka bAra hone ke bAda hamezA rahatA hai, usakA nAza nahIM hotA hai| isa bAta ko puSTa karane ke lie zAzvata aura apratipAti vizeSaNa diye gae haiM 43. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 828 42. ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja, naMdIsUtra, pR. 167 44. taccAnantajJeyaviSayatvenA 'nantaparyAyatvAdanantam / maladhArI hemacandra, gAthA 828, pR. 336 45. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 828 46. samastAvaraNakSayasaMbhUtatvAdekavidhaM maladhArI hemacandra, pR. 337 47. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA), pu. 12, sUtra 4.2.14.5, pR. 480 48. SaTkhaNDAgama pu. 13 sUtra 5.5.81 pR. 345 49. Avazyakaniryukti, gAthA 77, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 828 - 50. zAzvadbhAvAt zAzvataM satatopayogamityarthaH / maladhArI hemacandra, pR. 337 51. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 828 52. apratipAti-avyayaM sadA'vasthAyItyarthaH / maladhArI hemacandra, pR. 337 53. prazamarati, bhAga 2, bhadraguptajI, pariziSTa, pR. 266,267

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saptama adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [451] 15. asahAya asahAya kA artha hai ki isameM indriya Adi kI tathA mati Adi jJAna kI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai, isalie kevalajJAna para kI sahAyatA se rahita hone kI vajaha se asahAya mAnA gayA hai| jaise ki maNi para lage hue mala kI nyUnAdhikatA aura vicitratA se maNi ke prakAza meM nyUnAdhikatA aura vicitratA hotI hai, yadi maNi para lagA huA mala haTa ho jAye, to maNi ke prakAza meM hone vAlI nyUnAdhikatA aura vicitratA miTakara eka pUrNatA utpanna ho jAtI hai / usI prakAra AtmA para jaba taka jJAnAvaraNIyakarma kA mala rahatA hai taba taka usakA nyUnAdhika aura vicitra kSayopazama hotA hai, tabhI taka AtmA meM nyUnAdhika kSayopazama vAle matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaH paryavajJAna rahate haiM / parantu jaise hI AtmA para lagA huA jJAnAvaraNIya karma-mala naSTa hotA hai, vaise hI AtmA meM eka pUrNa-kevala jJAna utpanna ho jAtA hai aura vahI rahatA hai / yaha kevalajJAna indriya, prakAza aura manovyApAra kI apekSA se rahita hone se asahAya hai| prazna - kevalajJAna AtmA kI sahAyatA se utpanna hotA hai, isalie ise kevala (asahAya) nahIM kaha sakate haiN| uttara nahIM, kyoMki jJAna se bhinna AtmA nahIM hotI hai, isalie ise asahAya kahane meM Apatti nahIM hai| prazna - kevalajJAna artha kI sahAyatA lekara pravRtta hotA hai, isalie ise kevala (asahAya) nahIM kaha sakate haiN| uttara nahIM, kyoMki naSTa hue atIta padArthoM meM aura utpanna nahIM hue anAgata padArthoM meM bhI kevalajJAna kI pravRtti pAyI jAtI hai, isalie yaha artha kI sahAyatA se hotA hai, aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA 54 - -- - prazna - pratyakSa avadhi va mana:paryaya jJAna bhI indriyAdi ko apekSA na karake kevala AtmA ke Azraya se utpanna hote haiM isalie unako bhI kevalajJAna kyoM nahIM kahate ho ? uttara - jisane sarva jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA nAza kiyA hai, aise kevalajJAna ko hI 'kevalajJAna' kahanA rUDha hai, anya jJAnoM meM 'kevala' zabda kI rUr3hi nahIM hai| kevalajJAna ke svAmI athavA prakAra kevalajJAna kSAyika jJAna hai, yaha jJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSaya hone para hI utpanna hotA hai / mati Adi cAra jJAnoM se yukta eka jJAnI se dUsare jJAnI ke jJAna meM SaTsthAnapatita kA antara hotA hai|" lekina eka kevalajJAnI se dUsare kevalajJAnI ke jJAna meM koI antara nahIM hotA hai, ataH mati Adi cAra jJAna kI taraha kevalajJAna kA koI bhI bheda nhiiN| yahA~ para jo kevalajJAna ke bheda ( bhavastha Adi) batAye haiM, vaha svAmI, bhavastha aura siddha kI apekSA batAye haiN| ataH kevalajJAna eka hI prakAra kA hotA haiM, paraMtu svAmI kI apekSA se isake do prakAra hote haiM 1. bhavastha kevalajJAna tathA 2 siddha kevalajJAna 17 bhavastha kevalajJAna - manuSya bhava meM rahate hue cAra ghAti-karma naSTa hone se utpanna hone vAlA jJAna bhavastha kevalajJAna hai| siddha kevalajJAna- jinhoMne aSTa karmoM ko kSaya kara siddhi prApta karalI, aise kevalI kA kevalajJAna / digambara paramparA meM bhavastha kevalajJAna ko tadbhavastha kevalajJAna kahA gayA hai mImAMsaka darzana kA abhimata hai ki manuSya sarvajJa nahIM ho sakatA / " vaizeSika darzana kA abhimata hai 54. kasAyapAhuDaM, pu. 1 gAthA 1, pR. 19 55. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 50, pR. 95 56. prajJApanA, pada 5 ( jIvaparyAya) 57. kevalaNANaM duvihaM paNNattaM taM jahA bhavatthakevalaNANaM ca siddhakevalaNANaM ca / pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 86 58. kasAyapAhuDaM, pu. 1 gAthA 16, pR. 311

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[452] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ki mukta jIva meM jJAna nahIM hotA / deg lekina yaha donoM mata sahI nahIM hai / ina donoM matoM kA nirAkaraNa jainadarzana meM varNita kevalajJAna ke uparyukta donoM bhedoM se ho jAtA hai / bhavastha kevalajJAna se yaha siddha hotA hai ki manuSya sarvajJa ho sakatA hai| siddha kevalajJAna isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki mukta AtmA meM jJAna (kevalajJAna) vidyamAna rahatA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna ke svAmI Adi ke sambandha meM vizeSa varNana prApta nahIM hotA hai| kevalI kA lakSaNa jo kevalajJAna kA svAmI hotA hai, use kevalI kahate haiN| Avazyakaniyukti meM isakA lakSaNa spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo paMcAstikAyAtmaka loka ko sampUrNa rUpa se jAnate dekhate haiM, ve kevalI haiN| yahA~ kevala zabda ke do artha vivakSita haiM, eka aura sampUrNa jinake eka jJAna (kevalajJAna) aura eka cAritra ( yathAkhyAta) hotA hai athavA jinake sampUrNa jJAna aura sampUrNa cAritra hotA hai, ve kevalI kahalAte haiN|" 2. SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra 2 jisake kevalajJAna pAyA jAtA hai, unheM kevalI kahate haiM / 3. sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA gayA hai ki jinakA jJAna AvaraNa rahita hai ve kevalI kahalAte haiN| 3 4. tattvArtharAjavArtika ke anusAra jJAnAvaraNa kA atyaMta kSaya ho jAne para jinake svAbhAvika anaMtajJAna prakaTa ho gayA hai tathA jinakA jJAna indriya kAlakrama aura dUra deza Adi ke vyavadhAna se pare hai aura paripUrNa hai, ve kevalI haiN|" 1. bhavastha kevalajJAna yahA~ bhava kA artha manuSyabhava hai, kyoMki karmoM kA kSaya manuSyabhava meM hI hotA hai| ataH manuSyabhava meM rahe hue cAra ghAtikarma rahita jIvoM ko jo kevalajJAna hotA hai, aise kevalI ko bhavastha kevalI kahate athavA AyupUrvaka manuSya deha meM avisthata kevalajJAna ko bhavastha kevalajJAna kahate haiN| haiM naMdIcUrNi ke anusAra manuSya bhava meM sthita manuSya kA kevalajJAna bhavastha kevalajJAna hai " AvazyakacUrNi ke anusAra bhavastha kevalajJAna vaha hai, jo manuSya bhava meM avasthita vyakti ke jJAnAvaraNIya Adi cAra ghAtikamoM ke kSINa hone para utpanna hotA hai jaba taka zeSa cAra aghAti - karma kSINa nahIM hote, taba taka vaha bhavastha kevalajJAna kahalAtA hai| 7 bhavastha kevalajJAna ke bheda bhavastha kevalajJAna do prakAra kA hotA hai 1. sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna, 2. ayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna yoga - vIryAtmA arthAt Atmika zakti se Atma- pradezoM meM spaMdana hone se mana-vacana aura kAyA meM jo vyApAra hotA hai, usako yoga kahate haiM tathA yoga nirodha hone se jIva ayogI kahalAtA hai| - 59. mImAMsA darzanam, zloka 110 se 143 61. Avazyaka niryukti gAthA 1079 63. sarvArthasiddhi, 9.38 pR. 358 65. haribhadrIya pR. 34, tatreha bhavo manuSyabhava eva grAhyo'nyatra kelalotpAdAbhAvAt bhave tiSThantIti bhavasthAH / 60. tarkabhASA pR. 194 62. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 1, 1.1.22, pR. 192 64. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 6.13.1, pR. 261 malayagiri, vRtti, pR. 112 67. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1, pR. 74 66. naMdI cUrNa, pR. 33 68. bhavatthakevalaNANaM duvihaM paNNattaM taM jahA- sajogibhavatthakevalaNANaM ca ajogibhavatthakevalaNANaM ca / pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 87

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [453] 1. sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna cAra ghAti-karma rahita saMsArI kevaliyoM kA kevalajJAna jisameM mana, vacana, kAya, ina tIna yogoM kA vyApAra rahatA hai, vaha sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna kahalAtA hai| kevalajJAna kI prApti se lekara jaba taka zaileSI avasthA prApta nahIM hotI, taba taka vaha kevalajJAna sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna kahalAtA hai| yogoM kA vyApAra kevalI kI AyuSya kA antarmuhUrta bAkI rahatA hai taba taka calatA hai| sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna ke bheda sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna ke kAla kI apekSA do bheda hote haiM - 1. prathama samaya kI sayogI bhavastha-avasthA kA kevalajJAna aura 2. aprathama samaya kI sayogI bhavastha-avasthA kA kevljnyaan| athavA anya prakAra se kaheM to 1. carama samaya kI sayogI bhavastha-avasthA kA kevalajJAna tathA 2. acarama samaya kI sayogI bhavastha-avasthA kA kevljnyaan|2 1. prathama samaya sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna- cAra ghAti karma kSaya karake pahale samaya ke saMsArastha kevaliyoM kA kevljnyaan| kevalajJAna terahaveM guNasthAna meM praveza ke pahale samaya meM hI utpanna hotA hai, isalie ise prathama samaya kA sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna kahate haiM aura 2. aprathama samaya sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna - jinheM cAra ghAti-karma kSaya kiye pahalA samaya bIta gayA hai, aise dUsare samaya se lekara carama samayavartI sabhI sayogI kevaliyoM kA kevalajJAna athavA jise terahaveM guNasthAna meM rahate hue eka se adhika samaya ho jAtA hai, use aprathama samaya kA sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna kahate haiM athavA - 1. carama samaya sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna - jinakI sayogI avasthA kA vartamAna samaya antima samaya hai, aise manuSya bhava meM rahe hue saMsArI kevaliyoM kA kevalajJAna athavA jo terahaveM guNasthAna ke aMtima samaya para pahu~ca gayA hai, use carama samaya sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna kahate haiN| aura 2. acarama samaya sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna - jinakI sayogI avasthA kA vartamAna samaya meM antima samaya nahIM AyA hai aise manuSya bhava meM rahe hue saMsArI kevaliyoM kA kevalajJAna athavA jo terahaveM guNasthAna ke carama samaya meM nahIM pahu~cA usake jJAna ko acarama samaya sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna kahate haiN| cAra ghAti-karmoM kI jisa samaya sarvAMza nirjarA ho rahI hotI hai, usake anaMtara dUsare samaya meM manuSya ko kevalajJAna utpanna hotA hai| cAra ghAti-karmoM ke kSaya kA samaya aura kevalajJAna kI utpatti kA samaya, donoM kA samaya eka hI hai| 2. ayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna jinhoMne mana, vacana aura kAya, ina tInoM yogoM kA nirodha kara zailezI avasthA prApta kara lI hai, aise ghAti-karma rahita saMsArI manuSya (Asanna mukti vAle) kevaliyoM kA kevljnyaan| athavA kevalI jaba kAyayogAdi tIna yogoM kA tyAga karate haiM taba usako ayogI bhavastha kahate haiN| isameM ve kevalI zailezI avasthA ko prApta karate haiN| sayogI bhavastha ke samAna ayogI bhavastha ke bhI do prakAra haiN| 69. naMdIcUrNi pR. 34, hAribhadrIya pR. 35, malayagiri pR. 112 70. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1, pR. 74 71. sarvArthasiddhi, adhyayana 9 sUtra 44, pR. 360 72. sajogibhavattha-kevalaNANaM duvihaM paNNattaM, taM jahA-paDhamasamayasajogibhavatthakevalaNANaM ca apaDhamasamayasajogibhavatthakevala-NANaM ca, ahavA caramasamayasajogibhavatthakevalaNANaM ca acaramasamayasajogi-bhavattha-kevalaNANaM c| - pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 87 73. naMdIcUrNi 34, haribhadrIya 35, yogA assa vidyante iti yogI na yogI ayogI ayogI cAsau bhavasthazca ayogibhavasthaH, zailezyavasthAmupAgata ityarthaH, tasya kevljnyaanmyogibhvsthkevljnyaanN| - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 113

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[454] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna ke bheda / ayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna ke do bheda haiM - 1. prathama samaya kI ayogI bhavastha avasthA kA kevalajJAna - jinheM ayogI avasthA prApta hue pahalA samaya hI hai, aise kevaliyoM kA kevalajJAna athavA jisa kevalajJAnI ko caudahaveM guNasthAna meM praveza kiye hue pahalA samaya hI huA hai usake kevalajJAna ko prathama samaya ayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna kahate haiM tathA 2. aprathama samaya kI ayogI bhavastha avasthA kA kevalajJAna - jinheM ayogI avasthA prApta kiye pahalA samaya bIta gayA hai| aise manuSya bhava meM rahe hue saMsArastha kevaliyoM kA kevalajJAna athavA jise caudahaveM guNasthAna meM praveza kiye aneka samaya ho gaye haiM, unake kevalajJAna ko aprathama samaya ayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna kahate haiN| athavA 1. carama samaya kI ayogI bhavastha avasthA kA kevalajJAna - jinakI ayogI avasthA kA vartamAna samaya antima samaya hai, aise manuSya bhava meM rahe hue saMsArastha kevaliyoM kA kevalajJAna athavA jise siddha hone meM eka samaya hI zeSa rahA hai, usake jJAna ko carama samaya ayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna kahate haiM tathA 2. acarama samaya kI sayogI bhavastha avasthA kA kevalajJAna-jinakI ayogI avasthA kA vartamAna samaya meM antima samaya nahIM AyA hai, aise manuSya bhava meM rahe hue saMsArastha kevaliyoM kA kevalajJAna athavA jisake siddha hone se eka se adhika samaya zeSa hai, aise caudahaveM guNasthAna ke svAmI ke kevalajJAna ko acarama samaya ayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna kahate haiN| digambara paramparA meM sayogI va ayogI kevalI - jinake kevalajJAna pAyA jAtA hai, unheM kevalI kahate haiN| jinameM yoga ke sAtha kevalajJAna rahatA hai, unheM sayogI kevalI kahate haiN| jisake yoga vidyamAna nahIM hai use ayogI kahate haiN| jinameM yogarahita avasthA meM kevalajJAna hotA hai, unheM ayogI kevalI kahate haiN| aisA hI varNana paMcasaMgraha, tattvArtharAjavArtika aura gommaTasAra meM bhI hai| digambara paramparA meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke samAna sayogI aura ayogI kevalI ke kevalajJAna ke bheda prApta nahIM hote haiN| sayogI va ayogI kevalI meM aMtara - jaise koI manuSya corI nahIM karatA hai, parantu cora kA saMsarga karatA hai to usako cora ke saMsarga kA doSa lagatA hai, usI prakAra sayogI kevalI ke cAritra kA nAza karane vAle cAritramoha karma ke udaya kA abhAva hai, to bhI niSkriya (kriyArahita) zuddha ayogI AtmA ke AcaraNa se vilakSaNa jo tIna yogoM kA vyApAra hai, vaha cAritra meM dUSaNa utpanna karatA hai| tInoM yogoM se rahita jo ayogI jina haiM, unake aMta samaya ko chor3akara cAra aghAtI karmoM kA tIvra udaya cAritra meM dUSaNa utpanna karatA hai aura aMtima samaya meM una aghAtI karmoM kA maMda udaya hone para cAritra meM doSa kA abhAva ho jAne se ayogI jina mokSa ko prApta ho jAte haiN|" 2. siddha kevalajJAna sarvakarmamukta siddhoM kA jJAna siddha kevalajJAna hai| arthAt jo aSTa karma kSaya kara mokSa siddhi pA cuke, unakA kevalajJAna, siddha kevalajJAna hai| aisA varNana Avazyaka cUrNi meM bhI hai| 74. ajogibhavatthakevalaNANaM duvihaM paNNattaM taM jahA-paDhamasamaya ajogibhavatthakevalaNANaM ca apaDhamasamayaajogibhavatthakevala-NANaM ca ahavA caramasamaya ajogibhavatthakevalaNANaM ca acaramasamayaajogibhavattha-kevalaNANaM c| - pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 88 75. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 1, 1.1.22, pR. 192 76. paMcasaMgraha, gAthA 27-30, tattvArtharAjavArtika, 9.1.24, pR. 318, gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa, gAthA 63-65 77. bRhat dravyasaMgraha, adhikAra 1, gAthA 13 TIkA pR. 29 78. savvakammavippamukko siddho, tassa taM NANaM taM siddhkevlnaannN| naMdIcUrNi pR. 43 79. AvazyakacUrNi 1 pR. 74

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [455] siddha kA svarUpa jo jisa guNa se pariniSTha (paripUrNa) hai tathA punaH pariniSTha honA nahIM par3atA, vaha usa guNa meM siddha kahalAtA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM nAmasiddha, sthApanAsiddha, dravyasiddha, karmakSayasiddha ityAdi siddha ke caudaha prakAra batAye haiN| usameM se yahA~ para karmakSaya siddha (samasta karmoM kA kSaya karane vAlA arthAt samasta karma kSINa kara siddha hone vAlA) prAsaMgika hai, kyoMki usake sivAya zeSa siddhoM ke kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| sita kA artha hai - dagdha krnaa| jo ATha prakAra kI baddha karmarajoM ko dhyAnAgni se dagdha karatA hai, vaha siddha hai|' malayagiri ne bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai| jo jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM se sarvathA mukta haiM, sunirvRtta haiM, niraMjana haiM, nitya haiM, jJAna, darzana, avyAbAdha sukha, vIrya, avagAhana, sUkSmatva aura agurulaghu ina ATha guNoM se yukta haiM, kRtakRtya haiM aura loka ke agrabhAga meM nivAsa karate haiM, unheM siddha kahate hai| siddha kevalajJAna ke prakAra siddha kevalajJAna kAla kI apekSA se do prakAra kA hai - 1. anantarasiddha kevalajJAna aura 2. parampara siddha kevalajJAna / 1. anantarasiddha kevalajJAna jinadAsagaNi ke anusAra 1. siddha avasthA ke prathama samaya kA jJAna anantarasiddha kevalajJAna hai| 2. jisa samaya meM eka kevalI siddha hotA hai, usake anantara dUsare samaya meM anya kevalI siddha hotA hai, unameM prathama kevalI kA jJAna anantara siddha kevalajJAna hai| haribhadra aura malayagiri kahate haiM ki jinheM siddha hue eka samaya kA bhI antara (eka samaya bhI nahIM bItA) nahIM huA arthAt jinake siddhatva kA pahalA samaya hai, athavA jo vartamAna samaya meM siddha ho rahe haiM, unakA kevalajJAna aura zailezI avasthA ke aMtima samaya ko pUrNakara siddhAvasthA ko prApta jIva kA kevalajJAna anantara siddha kevalajJAna haiN|" anantarasiddha ke bheda anantara siddha kevalajJAna ke pandraha bheda haiM - 1. tIrthasiddha 2. atIrthasiddha 3. tIrthaMkara siddha 4. atIrthaMkara siddha 5. svayaMbuddha siddha 6. pratyekabuddha siddha 7. buddha-bodhita siddha 8. strIliMga siddha 9. puruSaliMga siddha 10. napuMsakaliMga siddha 11. svaliMga siddha 12. anyaliMga siddha 13. gRhasthaliMga siddha 14. eka siddha tathA 15. aneka siddha 88 siddha ke paMdraha bheda naMdIsUtrakAra ke svopajJa haiM yA inakA koI prAcIna AdhAra rahA hogA? prajJApanAsUtra meM bhI inakA ullekha hai| prajJApanAsUtra, naMdIsUtra kI apekSA 80. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3027, 3028 81. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 953 82. 'SidhU saMrAddhau' sidhyati sma siddhaH yo yena guNena pariniSThato na puna: sAdhanIyaH sa siddha ucyate, yathA siddha odanaH, sa ca karmasiddhAdibhedAdanekavidhaH, athavA sitaM-baddhaM dhyAtaM-bhasmIkRtamRSTaprakAraM karma yena sa siddha pRSodarAdaya iti rUpasiddhiH, sakalakarmavinirmakto muktAvasthAmupAgata ityrthH| - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 112 83. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 1, 1.1.23, gAthA 127, pR. 200 84. siddhakevalaNANaM duvihaM paNNattaM, taM jahA-aNaMtarasiddhakevalaNANaM ca paraMparasiddhakevalaNANaM c| -pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra pR. 89 85. naMdIcUrNi pR. 44 86. AvazyakacUrNi 1 pR. 75 87. hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 44, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 113 88. aNaMtarasiddhakevalaNANaM paNNarasavihaM paNNattaM taM jahA - 1. titthasiddhA, ....15. annegsiddhaa| - pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 90 89. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, prajJApanAsUtra pada 1, pR. 32

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[456] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana adhika prAcIna hai| jIvAbhigamasUtra evaM sthAnAMgasUtra meM siddha ke paMdraha prakAroM kA ullekha milatA hai umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra meM siddhoM ke varNana meM kSetrAdi bAraha dvAroM se vistRta varNana kiyA hai|" isase ina bhedoM kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai| ina pandraha bhedoM kA ullekha pUrva manuSya bhava ke anusAra hai| isase ina bhedoM ko bhavastha kevalI ke aMtima samaya ke sAtha jor3a sakate haiM, kyoMki siddhatva meM taratamabhAva nahIM hai arthAt ye paMdraha bheda siddha hone kI pUrva avasthA ke anusAra haiN| 1. tIrthasiddha - jo cAturvarNya zramaNasaMgha meM pravrajita hokara mukta hote haiM, ve tIrthasiddha haiM, jaise jambUsvAmI Adi / malayagiri ne tIrtha ke cAra artha kiye haiM - 1. jisase saMsAra samudra tirA jAya usa dharma ko, 2. jIvAdi padArthoM kI samyak prarUpaNA karane vAle tIrthaMkaroM ke vacana ko, 3. prathama gaNadhara ko 4. tathA tIrthAdhAra saMgha ko bhI tIrtha kahA hai| jo saMgha kI vidyamAnatA meM siddha hue ve 'tIrtha siddha' haiN| tIrtha kI sthApanA karane vAle tIrthaMkara hote haiM / tIrtha, caturvidha zrI saMgha kA pavitra nAma hai, caturvidha saMgha ko bhAva tIrtha bhI kahate haiN| yahAM dravya tIrtha kA niSedha hai| tIrthaMkara bhagavAna zatruMjaya, sammetazikhara Adi dravya tIrtha kI sthApanA karane vAle nahIM hote haiM / bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI aisA hI ullekha hai| vyAkhyAkAroM ne 'paDhamagaNaharo vA' kahakara prathama gaNadhara ko bhI tIrtha kaha diyA hai| isakA kAraNa prathama gaNadhara caturvidha tIrtha meM pramukha hote haiN| pramukha meM sabhI kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| 'hastipade sarvapAdAH nimagnAH ' isa sUkti ke anusAra hI sambhavataH prathama gaNadhara ko bhI tIrtha kahA jAtA hai| 2. atIrthasiddha - cAturvarNya zramaNasaMgha ke binA bhI jo mukta hotA hai, vaha atIrthasiddha hai| cUrNikAra ne marudevI kA udAharaNa diyA hai / " haribhadrasUri ne batAyA hai - jo jAtismaraNa ke dvArA mokSamArga ko prApta kara siddha hote haiM, ve atIrthasiddha kahalAte haiM / " cUrNikAra ne jAtismaraNa kA ullekha svayaMbuddha ke prasaMga meM kiyA hai| svayaMbuddha siddha do prakAra ke hote haiM - tIrthaMkara aura tIrthaMkara se bhinna / prastuta prasaMga meM tIrthaMkara se bhinna vivakSita hai| malayagiri ne ina donoM kA samAveza kara varNana kiyA hai ki jo tIrtha sthApana karane se pahale yA tIrtha viccheda ke pazcAt jAti smaraNAdi se bodha prApta kara siddha hote haiM, unheM atIrthasiddha kahate hai, jaise marUdevI mAtA tIrtha kI sthApanA hone se pUrva hI siddha huI / bhagavAn suvidhinAthajI se lekara zAMtinAthajI taka ATha tIrthaMkaroM ke bIca, kAlAntara meM tIrtha vyaccheda huA thA / usa samaya jAtismaraNa Adi jJAna utpanna hone para, phira kevalI hokara jo siddha hue haiM, unheM atIrthasiddha kahate haiN|" umAsvAti ke anusAra atIrthaMkara siddha kabhI tIrtha pravartita hoM taba bhI hote haiM aura tIrtha pravartita nahIM ho taba bhI hote haiN| 100 - 3. tIrthaMkara siddha - jinake tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA udaya hotA hai aura jo tIrthaMkara avasthA meM mukta hote haiM, ve RSabha Adi tIrthaMkara siddha haiN| 01 jo tIrthaMkara nAma-karma ke udaya vAle haiM, cauMtIsa 90. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, sthAnAMgasUtra sthAna 1, pR. 17 91. kSetra - kAla-gati-liMga-tIrtha - cAritra - pratyeka-buddhabodhita - jJAnA'vagAhanA'ntara - saGkhyA'lpabahutvataH sAdhyAH / sabhASyatattvArthAdhigama sUtram 10.7 93. naMdIcUrNi pR. 44 92. hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 45 94. 'titthasiddhA' ityAdi tIryate saMsArasAgaro'nenati tIrtha-yathAvasthitasakalajIvAjIvAdipadArthasArthaprarUpakaparamagurupraNItaM pracavanaM, 96. naMdIcUrNi pR.44 98. naMdIcUrNi pR. 44 100 tattvArthabhASya 10.7 tacca nirAdhAraM na bhavatIti kRtvA saMgha, prathamagaNadharo vA veditavyaM / - malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 130 95. titthaM bhante! titthaM, titthagare titthaM ? goyamA ! arahA tAva niyamA titthakare, titthaM puNa cAuvvaNNAiNNo samaNasaMgho, samaNA samaNIo sAvagA saavigaao| yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, bhagavatIsUtra bhAga 4, za. 20, u. 8, pR. 64 97. hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 45 99. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 130 101. naMdIcUrNi pR. 44

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [457] atizaya sampanna haiM, cAra ghAti-karma kSaya kara, artha rUpa se pravacana prakaTa kara gaNadharAdi caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA karate haiM, aise arhanta ko 'tIrthaMkara' kahate haiN| 4. atIrthaMkara siddha - jo sAmAnya kevalI ke rUpa meM mukta hote haiM, ve atIrthaMkara siddha haiN| sAmAnya kevalI, jaise gautama Adi / 02 paropakAra karanA, kevalajJAna aura siddhatva meM sahAyaka kAraNa hai, parantu utkRSTa upakArI tIrthaMkara banakara siddha hone vAlI AtmAeM bahuta alpa hotI haiN| adhikAMza AtmAe~ sAmAnya paropakAra karake yA binA paropakAra kiye hI kevalajJAna aura siddhatva prApta kara letI haiN| 5. svayaMbuddha siddha - jo svayaMbuddha hokara mukta hote haiM arthAt jo bAhya nimitta ke binA kisI ke upadeza, pravacana sune binA hI jAtismaraNa, avadhijJAna Adi ke dvArA svayaM viSaya kaSAyoM se virakta ho jAe~, unheM svayaMbuddha siddha kahate haiN| 03 svayaMbuddha ke do artha kie gae haiM - 1. jise jAtismaraNa ke kAraNa bodhi prApta huI hai aura 2. jise bAhya nimitta ke binA hI bodhi prApta huI hai| malayagiri ne bhI isa prasaMga meM jAtismaraNa kA ullekha kiyA hai| svayaMbuddha ke bAraha prakAra kI upadhi hotI hai| unake pUrva adhIta (sIkhA) zruta hotA bhI hai aura nahIM bhI hotaa| yadi ve anadhItazruta hote haiM to niyamata: guru ke pAsa liMga grahaNa karate haiM aura gaccha meM rahate haiN| jo pUrva adhItazruta hote haiM, unheM devatA liMga pradAna karate haiM athavA ve guru ke pAsa liMga grahaNa karate haiN| ve icchAnusAra ekAkI vihAra bhI kara sakate haiM, anyathA gaccha meM vicaraNa karate haiN| isa avasthA meM siddha hone vAle svayaMbuddhasiddha kahalAte haiN| 05 6. pratyekabuddha siddha - pratyekabuddha kA artha hai kisI bAhya nimitta se pratibuddha hone vAlA arthAt upadeza, pravacana zravaNa kiye binA jo bAhara ke nimittoM dvArA bodha ko prApta hue haiM, jaise namirAjarSi, unheM pratyeka buddha siddha kahate haiN| AvazyakacUrNi meM pratyekabuddha kI pahacAna cAra prakAra se batAI haiM - 1. bodhi - pratyekabuddha bAhya nimittoM se pratibuddha hote haiM aura niyamataH pratyeka buddha ekAkI vihAra karate haiN| 2. upadhi - inake jaghanyataH do prakAra kI upadhi hotI hai - rajoharaNa aura mukhavastrikA tathA utkRSTataH nau prakAra kI upadhi hotI hai - pAtra, pAtrabaMdha, pAtrasthApana, pAtrakesarikA, paTala, rajastrANa, gocchaga, rajoharaNa aura mukhvstr| colapaTTa, mAtraka aura tIna kalpa yaha pAMca prakAra kI upadhi inake nahIM hotii| sthavirakalpI muni ke caudaha prakAra kI upadhi hotI hai| 3. zruta - pratyekabuddha ke zruta niyamataH pUrvaadhIta hotA hai, jaghanyataH AcAra Adi gyAraha aMga, utkRSTa bhinna dasa puurv| 4. liMga - inheM devatA liMga pradAna karate haiM, athavA ye liMgavihIna bhI pravrajita hote haiN|107 7. buddhabodhita siddha - jinhoMne svayaM yA kisI bAhya nimitta se nahIM, parantu guru se bodha pAyA, unheM 'buddha bodhita' kahate haiM, jo buddha se bodhita hokara siddha hue, unheM 'buddha bodhita siddha' kahate haiN| cUrNikAra ne buddhabodhita ke cAra artha kie haiM - 1. svayaMbuddha tIrthakara Adi ke dvArA bodhi praapt| 2. kapila Adi pratyeka buddha ke dvArA bodhi praapt| 3. sudharmA Adi buddhabodhita ke dvArA bodhi praapt| 4. AcArya ke dvArA pratibuddha prabhava Adi AcArya se bodhi prApta / 108 haribhadra aura malayagiri ne buddhabodhita kA artha AcArya ke dvArA bodhi prApta kiyA hai| 09 guru, kevalajJAna aura siddhatva meM sahAyaka kAraNa haiN| ataeva adhikAMza AtmAeM unhIM se bodhita hokara kevalajJAna aura siddhatva prApta karatI haiN| parantu kucha AtmAeM svayaM yA bodha rahita sacitta-acitta vastuoM se bodha prApta karake bhI kevalajJAna aura siddhatva prApta kara letI haiN| 102. naMdIcUrNi pR. 44 103. naMdIcUrNi pR. 44 104. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 130 105. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1, pR. 76 106. naMdIcUrNi pR. 44 107. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1 pR. 76 108. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 45 109. hAribhadrIya vRtti pR. 46, malayagiri naMdIvRtti pR. 131

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana svayaMbuddha aura pratyekabuddha siddhoM meM antara - donoM prakAra ke siddhoM meM pAMca antara haiM, yathA 1. bodhi - svayaMbuddha bAhya kAraNa ke binA bodhi ko prApta karate haiN| jabaki pratyekabuddha vRSabhAdi kAraNoM kI madada se bodhi prApta karate haiM / 2. zruta - svayaMbuddha ko pUrva meM sIkhA huA zrutasmaraNa ho bhI sakatA aura nahIM bhI / lekina pratyekabuddha ko pUrva ke zruta kA smaraNa niyama se hotA hai, jo ki jaghanya gyAraha aMga aura utkRSTa nyUna dasa pUrva hotA hai / 3. liMga - svayaMbuddha ko pUrvakAla ke zruta kA smaraNa hone para unheM deva liMga dete haiM athavA guru ke pAsa jAkara ke bhI grahaNa kara sakate haiN| jabaki pratyekabuddha ko liMga deva hI dete haiM aura kucha binA liMga ke bhI hote haiM / 4. vihAra - svayaMbuddha ko pUrvakAla kA zruta smaraNa ho jAne para ve ekalavihArI ho sakate haiM athavA gaccha meM bhI raha sakate haiN| lekina jinako pUrva meM sIkhA huA zrutasmaraNa meM nahIM AtA hai to ve niyama se gaccha meM hI rahate haiN| jabaki pratyekabuddha niyama se ekalavihArI hote haiM / 5. upadhi - svayaMbuddha ke cAra prakAra kI upadhi hotI hai| jabaki pratyekabuddha ke jaghanyataH do prakAra kI aura utkRSTataH nau prakAra kI upadhi hotI hai| [458] umAsvAti ne svayaMbuddhAdi tIna prakAra kA vargIkaraNa dUsare prakAra se kiyA hai / buddha ke do prakAra haiM- svayaMbuddha aura buddhabodhita / svayaMbuddha ke do prakAra haiM- tIrthakara aura pratyekabuddha / buddhabodhita ke do prakAra hai parabodhaka aura svessttkaarii| isa vargIkaraNa meM pratyekabuddha aura svayaMbuddha kA eka hI prakAra hai| pratyekabuddha aura buddhabodhita jIvoM kI saMkhyA uttarottara baDhatI hai | 10 - 8. strIliMga siddha - strI kA liMga athavA cihna strI kA upalakSaNa hai| liMga ke tIna artha haiM 1. veda (kAmavikAra), 2. zarIra racanA, 3. nepathya ( veshbhuussaa)| yahAM liMga kA artha zarIra racanA hai| kSINavedI jaghanya antarmuhUrta utkRSTa dezona pUrvakoTi meM avazya siddha hotA hai / nepathya kA koI viSaya nahIM hai| isalie yahA~ veda aura nepathya kA prasaMga nahIM hai / zarIra kA AkAra vizeSa niyama se vedamohanIya aura zarIra nAmakarma ke udaya se hotA hai| jo strI kI zarIra racanA meM yukta hote haiM, ve strIliMgasiddha hai|"" striyoM kI mukti-prApti ke sambandha meM jaina paramparA meM matabheda hai / digambara paramparA meM striyoM kI mukti kA abhAva aMgIkRta hai, jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM striyoM kI mukti ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / strI kA mokSa nahIM mAnane ke lie digambara paramparA meM nimna tarka prastuta kiye jAte haiM 112 1. strItva kA triratna ke sAtha meM virodha hai / sammUcchima jIva svabhAva se hI samyak darzana Adi kI ArAdhanA nahIM kara sakate, ataH unakA nirvANa asaMbhava hai| 13 2. striyAM hIna sattva vAlI hone se sAtavIM nArakI meM nahIM jA sakatI haiN| 114 3. striyoM kA vastra parigraha mokSa meM bAdhaka hai, kyoMki striyA~ nagna nahIM raha sakatI haiM, unheM vastra rakhanA hotA hai aura vaha vastra unakA parigraha hai / 115 4. vastra meM jIva-jantu kI utpatti hone se hiMsA hotI hai| 5. vaha puruSoM kI apekSA avandya hai / 116 6. unameM mAyA aura moha kA bAhulya hotA hai / 7. inakA hIna sattva hai| isase inako nivArNa kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai| - - zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcAryoM ne ukta yukti kA nimna prakAra se samAdhAna diyA hai 1. nirvANa ke kAraNabhUta tIna ratna striyoM meM ho sakate haiM, kyoMki striyoM meM ratnatraya kA abhAva 110 tattvArthabhASya, bhAga 2, 10.7 pR. 309 112. nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga 2, pR. 865-878 114. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga 2, pR. 259 116. puruSairavandyatvasya gaNadharairvyabhicAraH / nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga 2, pR. 875 111. naMdIcUrNi pR. 45 113. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga 2, pR. 268 115. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga 2, pR. 265

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saptama adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [459] pratyakSa, anumAna evaM Agama se siddha nahIM hotA hai| samyag jJAna- darzana - cAritra triratna kI ArAdhanA karane para hI jIva siddha hotA hai, inakI ArAdhanA kie binA koI bhI jIva siddha huA nahIM, hotA nahIM aura hogA bhI nahIM / jisa prakAra bhUkha ko zAMta karane ke lie bhojya padArtha Avazyaka hai na ki paatr| pAtra sone kA ho, pItala kA ho ityAdi kisI bhI dhAtu kA ho, lekina usameM bhojya padArtha yadi kSudhA ko zAnta karane meM upayogI hai, to usakA mahattva hai aura yadi vaha yogya nahIM hai to usa pAtra kA koI mahattva nahIM hai| isI prakAra mukti prApti meM guNoM kI AvazyakatA hai, liMga kI nahIM / mumukSu AtmA mohanIya karma kA kSaya karake avedIpane ko prApta hotA hai / avedI jIva ke lie 'pulliMga' zabda kA hI prayoga kiyA hai / jJAtAdharmakathAMga sUtra meM mallibhagavatI jaba gRhastha jIvana meM thI, taba unheM 'mallI videhavarakanyA' se AgamakAroM ne sambodhita kiyA hai| lekina unheM kevalajJAna prApta hone ke bAda unake lie 'malli NaM arahA jiNe kevalI' zabdoM kA prayoga AgamakAroM ne kiyA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki avedI ke lie mAtra pulliMga kI kriyA kA hI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| ataH striyA~ bhI samyag jJAna-darzana- cAritra, isa ratnatrayI kI ArAdhanA kara sakatI haiM evaM unakA nirvANa saMbhava hai| 2. abhavI sAtavIM naraka meM jA sakatA hai, lekina mokSa meM nahIM, isa antara kA kAraNa usake pAriNAmika bhAva haiN| isI prakAra bhujaparisarpa dUsarI nArakI, khecara tIsarI nArakI, catuSpada cauthI nArakI aura uraparisarpa pAMcavI nArakI taka jA sakate haiM, usase Age jAne yogya manovIrya unameM nahI hotA / bhujaparisarpa Adi U~ce loka meM AThaveM ( sahasrAra) devaloka taka jA sakate haiN| isase spaSTa hai, ki tiryaMca ke ina bhedoM meM adhogati ke sambandha meM manovIrya kI bhinnatA hai, unake Urdhvagati sambandhI antara nahIM hai| isI prakAra strI aura puruSa ke adhogati sambandhI bhinnatA hai, lekina nirvANa ke sambandha meM nahIM hai| strI sAtavIM naraka meM nahIM jA sakatI hai, puruSa jA sakate haiM / kintu strI aura puruSa ye donoM mukta ho sakate haiN|" antakRddazA sUtra ke pAMcaveM, sAtaveM aura AThaveM varga meM sAdhviyoM ne utkRSTa tapArAdhanA Adi karake mokSa ko prApta kiyA hai| unakI sAdhanA kitanI utkRSTa thI, unakA manobala puruSa se kama nahIM thA / isalie liMga mokSa meM bAdhaka nahIM hai| 3. vastra dhAraNa karanA parigraha nahIM, lekina 'mucchA pariggaho vutto 118 ke anusAra mamatva hI parigraha hai| isakA samarthana 'mUrcchA parigrahaH 19 sUtra bhI karatA hai| yadi mana meM mamatva nahIM hai, to bAhya vastrAdi parigraha rUpa nahIM ho sakate haiN| yadi kisI bhI vastu ke prati mUrcchA bhAva hai to vaha parigraha rUpa hai| isI apekSA se bharata cakravartI aparigrahI batAye gaye haiM / 120 bhagavad gItA meM bhI aisA hI ullekha milatA hai ki karmaphala kI Asakti nahIM rakhakara kRtakarma bhI akarma hai aura karmaphala kA tyAga hI saccA tyAga hai / 121 4. pramAda kA sevana nahIM karane se vastra meM jIva nahIM hote haiN| 5. vaMdyatva - avaMdyatva ke sAtha mokSa kA sambandha nahIM hai / 6. mAyA - moha kA bAhulya puruSoM meM bhI ho sakatA hai| 7. tapa aura zIla sattva haiM, jo striyoM meM ho sakate haiN| uparyukta carcA ke sambandha meM donoM paramparA ke AcAryoM ne apane-apane granthoM meM vistAra se khaNDana- maNDana kiyA hai| lekina vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM isa sambandha meM vizeSa ullekha nahIM hai| 117. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 133 119. tatvArthasUtra a. 7.12 121. bhagavat gItA. 4.20, 18.2 118. dazavaikAlika sUtra a. 6 gA. 12 120. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 131

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[460] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana isalie isa sambandha meM vizeSa gaveSaNA nahIM kI gaI hai| lekina uparyukta carcA kA sArAMza yahI hai ki zvetAmbara AgamoM meM strIliMgasiddha kA spaSTa varNana hai| isalie strI-mukti ko svIkAra karanA hI adhika tarka saMgata pratIta hotA hai| prazna - kyA tIrthakara bhI strIliMgasiddha hote haiM? uttara - tIrthaMkara bhI strIliMgasiddha hote haiM aura siddhaprAbhRta ke anusAra strI tIrthaMkara sabase kama hote haiN| 9. puruSaliMga siddha - jo puruSa zarIra AkRti meM siddha hue, unheM 'puruSaliMga siddha' kahate haiM, jaise gautama aadi| 10. napuMsaka liMga siddha - jo napuMsaka zarIra AkRti ke rahate hue siddha hue, unheM 'napuMsaka liMga siddha' kahate haiM, jaise gAMgeya aadi| TIkAkAroM ke anusAra janma napuMsaka cAritra kA adhikArI nahIM hotA, kRtrima napuMsaka hI cAritra kA adhikArI hotA hai|"puruss hote hue bhI jo liMga-cheda Adi ke kAraNa napuMsakavedaka ho jAtA hai, aise kRtrima napuMsaka ko yahA~ puruSa-napuMsaka kahA hai, svarUpataH arthAt jo janma se napuMsakavedI hai, use yahA~ grahaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai|"123 abhayadevasUri ne bhI puruSa napuMsaka kA artha kRtrima napuMsaka kiyA hai| 24 naMdIcUrNi aura naMdI kI donoM vRttiyoM meM napusaMka kI vyAkhyA upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| TIkAkAra ne puruSa-napuMsaka kA artha kRtanapuMsaka kiyA hai jo AgamAnusAra nahIM hai, kyoMki bhagavatI sUtra ke 26 veM zataka (baMdhIzataka) se janma napuMsaka kA usI bhava meM mokSa jAnA siddha hai| 26veM zataka meM 47 boloM kI pRcchA hai| samuccaya manuSya meM 47 bola pAye jAte haiN| 26veM zataka ke dUsare uddezaka meM anantaropapannaka manuSya meM samuccaya ke 47 boloM meM se 11 boloM (alezyI, mizradRSTi, mana:paryavajJAna, kevalajJAna, vibhaMgajJAna, no saMjJopayukta, avedI, akaSAyI, manoyogI, vacanayogI aura ayogI) ko chor3a kara zeSa 36 bola batAye haiN| ina 36 boloM meM napuMsaka-veda bhI zAmila hai| 36 boloM meM se kRSNa-pakSI anantaropapannaka manuSya meM eka tIsarA bhaMga aura zeSa 35 bola vAle anantaropapannaka manuSya meM Ayukarma kI apekSA se do bhaMga pAye jAte haiM - tIsarA aura cauthA bhNg| tIsarA bhaMga- kitaneka manuSyoM ne Ayukarma bAMdhA thA, aba nahIM bAMdhate haiM, Age baaNdhege| (atthegaie baMdhI, na baMdhati, baMdhissai) cauthA bhaMga - kitane manuSyoM ne Ayukarma bAMdhA thA, aba nahIM bAMdhate haiM, Age nahIM baaNdhege| (atthegaie baMdhI, na baMdhati, na baMdhissati) yahA~ para anantaropapannaka kA artha hai utpatti ke prathama samaya kA jiiv| ataH anantaropapannaka manuSya kA artha huA ki jisako utpanna hue pahalA samaya hI huA hai vaha mnussy|| __ Ayukarma kI apekSA uparyukta cauthA bhaMga carama-zarIrI manuSya (usI bhava meM mokSa jAne vAlA) meM hI ghaTita ho sakatA hai| kyoMki cauthe bhaMga ke anusAra jIva ne pahale AyuSya bAMdhA thA, vartamAna meM nahIM bAMdha rahA hai, aura bhaviSya meM bhI AyuSya karma nahIM baaNdhegaa| jisa jIva ke vartamAna aura bhaviSya meM AyuSya nahIM baMdhatA hai to vaha jIva usI bhava meM mokSa jAyegA, kyoMki binA Ayukarma bAMdhe jIva parabhava meM nahIM jAtA hai| 122. hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 46 123. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, bhagavatIsUtra za. 25 u. 6 sUtra naM. 11-16, pR. 391-392 124. puruSaH sanyonapuMsakavedako varddhitakatvAdibhAvena bhavatyasau puruSanapuMsakavedaka: na svarUpeNanapusaMkavedaka itiyAvat / bhagavatIsUtra vRtti, ahamadAbAda, Agama zruta prakAzana, pR. 410

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [461] utpatti ke prathama samaya meM koI bhI jIva parabhava kA AyuSya nahIM bAMdhatA hai| ataH antaropapannaka manuSya ke bhI pahale agale bhava kA AyuSya bAMdhA huA nahIM ho sakatA hai| ata: koI napuMsaka manuSya utpanna huA hai aura usameM utpatti ke prathama samaya se hI usameM cauthA bhaMga hai, to yaha manuSya janma se napuMsaka hI hogaa| kyoMki utpatti ke prathama samaya meM jIva kRtrima napuMsaka nahIM ho sakatA hai| utpatti ke prathama samaya meM aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga kI avagAhanA hotI hai, usa samaya kRtrima napusaMkatA to ho hI nahIM sakatI hai| ataH anaMtaropapannaka napuMsaka manuSya janma napusaMka hI hai| cauthe bhaMga ke anusAra vaha kisI bhI gati kA Ayu nahIM bAMdhatA huA, usI bhava meM mokSa jaayegaa| yadi AgamakAroM ko napuMsaka kA usI bhava meM mokSa iSTa nahIM hotA to ve kRSNa pAkSika anantaropapannaka manuSya ke samAna napuMsaka anantaropapannaka manuSya meM bhI mAtra tIsarA bhaMga hI batAte, kintu AgamakAroM ne napuMsaka anantaropapannaka manuSya meM Ayukarma kI apekSA se mAtra cauthA bhaMga bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| ata: isa prakAra janma napuMsaka kA mokSa jAnA siddha hotA hai| kucha vyAkhyAkAra bhagavatI sUtra ke upuryakta pATha kA virodha sthAnAMga aura bRhatkalpa ke AdhAra para karate haiM, kyoMki sthAnAMga sUtra ke anusAra tIna prakAra ke vyaktiyoM ko pravrajita karanA nahIM kalpatA hai - paMDaka, vAtika, aura kliib|25 aisA hI varNana bRhatkalpa sUtra26 meM bhI hai| lekina donoM sthaloM ke mUlapATha se janmanapuMsaka aura kRtrimanapuMsaka kI spaSTatA nahIM hotI hai| mAtra vahA~ para napuMsaka ko dIkSA dene kA niSedha kiyA hai| uparyukta varNana meM sthAnAMgAdi meM napuMsaka ko dIkSA dene kA niSedha kiyA hai evaM bhagavatI sUtra ke 26veM zataka se napuMsaka (paMDaka) ko dIkSA denA dhvanita hotA hai| isa prakAra Agama pAThoM meM virodha utpanna hotA hai| ataH donoM pAThoM kI saMgati biThAne ke lie aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki anatizayI (sAmAnyajJAnI) chadmastha janma evaM kRtrima napuMsaka ko dIkSA nahIM de sakate haiN| atizayI (viziSTajJAnI) chadmastha unheM dIkSA de sakate haiN| isa saMgati se sthAnAMga kA pATha sAmAnyajJAnI aura bhagavatI kA pATha viziSTa jJAnI kI apekSA se hai| isI prakAra bRhatkalpa meM jo ullekha hai, vaha zrutavyavahArI kI apekSA se hai, Agama vyavahArI kI apekSA se nhiiN| bRhatkalpa svayaM zrutavyavahAra hai, Agama vyavahAra nahIM hai| ___ yadi sthAnAMga aura bRhatkalpa ke niSedha se sampUrNa prakAra se napuMsaka kI dIkSA kA niSedha samajhA jAye to janma aura kRtrima donoM prakAra ke napuMsaka kA niSedha ho jaayegaa| kintu aisA AgamakAroM ko iSTa nahIM hai| kyoMki AgamoM meM siddhoM ke bhedoM meM napusaMkaliMga siddha batAyA hai| isalie yadi ekAMta rUpa se niSedha ko hI grahaNa kareMge to bhagavatI sUtra ke baMdhI zataka kA pATha aprAmANika mAnanA hogaa| ataH donoM pAThoM ko prAmANika mAnane ke lie uparyukta rIti se samanvaya karanA ucita hai| napuMsakaliMga meM siddha hone kA varNana bhagavatI sUtra, sthAnAMga sUtra, pannavaNA sUtra, uttarAdhyayana sUtra Adi sUtroM meM spaSTa rUpa se hai| ataH unakI dIkSA hotI hai, lekina Agama vyavahArI ke atirikta anya sAdhu unheM dIkSita nahIM kara sakate haiN| Agama vyavahArI janma napuMsaka aura kRta napuMsaka donoM ko dIkSA de sakate haiM aura ve napusaMka usI bhava meM siddha ho sakate haiN| bhagavatIsUtra zataka 25 u. 7 meM saMyata ke varNana meM chedopasthApanIyacAritra ke bhI napuMsakaliMga mAnA hai| isase yaha to nizcita ho jAtA hai ki napuMsaka bhI sAdhu bana sakatA hai| chedopasthApanIya cAritra tIrtha meM hI hotA hai|27 isase yaha bhI samajhA jA sakatA hai ki napusaMka ko dIkSA dI jA sakatI hai| 125. tao No kappaMti pavvAvettae, taM jahA-paMDae, vAtie, kiive| yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, sthAnAMga sUtra, sthA. 3. u. 4 pR. 182 126. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, trINi chedasUtrANi (bRhatkalpasUtra), uddezaka 4 pR. 200 127. bhagavatI sUtra zataka 25 u.7

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana I ekendriyAdi asaMjJIprANI napusaMka vedI hI hote haiM / lekina unameM strI aura puruSa napuMsaka kA bheda spaSTa nahIM kara sakate haiM, lekina manuSyoM meM yaha bheda spaSTa rUpa se pratIta hotA hai / ataH puruSa napusaMka veda kA sIdhA evaM spaSTa artha chor3akara kRta (kRtrima) napuMsaka kI kalpanA karanA kaise ucita hai ? ataH mAtra TIkA pATha kA AdhAra lekara Agama pATha kI upekSA karanA sahI nahIM hai / [462] kRta-napuMsaka, vAstavika napuMsaka nahIM hai - yaha bAta ThIka hai, parantu savAla yaha utpanna hotA hai ki napuMsaka siddha hotA hI nahIM, to napuMsaka - siddha batAyA hI kaise ? AgamakAroM ko do liMga vAle (strI aura puruSa ) hI siddha batAne cAhie the| lekina AgamoM meM spaSTa rUpa se tIna liMgoM ke siddha kA ullekha hai| ukta pramANa se janma- napuMsaka ( puruSa napuMsaka) kA mokSa jAnA spaSTa siddha hotA hai / janma napuMsaka bhI puruSa napuMsaka aura strI napuMsaka se do prakAra ke hote haiM / ataH janma napuMsaka meM bhI puruSa napuMsaka kA hI mokSa samajhanA caahie| kyoMki TIkAkAroM ne to janma napuMsaka mokSa nahIM jAtA hai, itanA hI ullekha kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM vizeSa khulAsA nahIM hai| lekina zruti paramparA se strI napuMsaka to dIkSA ke hI ayogya hotA hai, isalie usakA mokSa jAnA nahIM mAnA jAtA hai| digambara paramparA meM strIliMga siddha kI taraha napusaMkaliMga siddha ko bhI svIkAra nahIM karatI hai | 128 11. svaliMga siddha - jaina sAdhuoM kA jo apanA liMga hai, vaha 'svaliMga' hai| svaliMga ke do prakAra haiM - 1. dravyaliMga-rajoharaNa aura mukhavastrikA, ye sAdhuoM ke apane bAharI liMga, 'dravyaliMga' haiM / 2. bhAvaliMga - arhanta kathita samyagjJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa, ye Antarika 'bhAvaliMga' haiN| bhAvaliMga Aye binA to koI bhI siddha hotA hI nahIM / ilalie yahA~ jo ullekha hai vaha dravyaliMga kI apekSA hai| ilalie jo jaina sAdhutva ke pradarzaka rajoharaNa-mukhavastrikA rUpa liMga veza, cihna ke rahate siddha hue ve 'svaliMga siddha' haiN| jaise bharata cakravartI Adi / 12. anyaliMga siddha - jo ( bhAva liMga kI apekSA jaina liMga se, kintu dravyaliMga kI apekSA) tApasa, parivrAjaka Adi valkala, kASAya vastra, kamaNDalu, trizUla Adi liMga (veza) meM rahate hue siddha hue, ve 'anyaliMga siddha' haiM arthAt jo anyatIrthoM ke veza meM mukta hotA hai / vaha anyaliMgasiddha kahalAtA hai / 129 jaise valkalacIrI Adi / samyaktva - pratipanna anyaliMgI kevalajJAna prApta karatA hai aura yadi vaha usI kSaNa mukta ho jAtA hai, to usakA kevalajJAna anyaliMgasiddha kevalajJAna kahalAtA hai| yadi tatkAla usakA AyuSya pUrNa nahIM hotA hai to vaha jaina sAdhu (svaliMga) veza ko svIkAra karatA hI hai| 130 13. gRhasthaliMga siddha keza, alaMkAra Adi se yukta dravyaliMga ( bhAvaliMga kI apekSA bhAva jaina sAdhutvaliMga se, kintu dravya- liMga kI apekSA) gRhastha veza meM rahate hue jo siddha hue, ve 'gRhasthaliMga siddha' haiM / 31 jaise marudevI Adi / 14. eka siddha - jo apane siddha hone ke samaya meM akele siddha hue, ve 'eka siddha' haiM arthAt jisa samaya meM kevalI siddha hotA hai, usa samaya anya koI kevalI siddha nahIM hotA hai, to usako eka siddha kahate haiN| 32 jaise bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI / 15. aneka siddha- jo apane siddha hone ke samaya meM aneka ( jaghanya do, utkRSTa eka sau - 128. na caitadvAcyam nAsti puMso mokSaH strItonyatvAt napuMsakavat / prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga 2, pR. 269 130. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1, pR. 76 132. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 45 129. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 45 131. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 45

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saptama adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [463] ATha) siddha hue, ve 'aneka siddha' haiM arthAt jisa samaya meM eka sAtha do yA do se adhika kevalI siddha hote haiM, unako aneka siddha kahate haiN| jaise RSabhadeva Adi / ina pandraha bhedoM se siddha jIvoM kA kevalajJAna hI anantara siddha kevalajJAna hai| ukta pandraha bhedoM kA samAveza sAmAnya rUpa se adholikhita tIrtha Adi chaha bhedoM meM bhI kiyA jA sakatA haiN| 1. tIrtha - tIrtha meM do bhedoM kA samAveza hotA hai - 1. tIrthasiddha aura 2. atIrthasiddha / jIva tIrtha athavA atIrtha meM se eka meM siddha hotA hai| 2. tIrthakara - tIrthaMkara meM do bhedoM kA samAveza hotA hai 1. tIrthaMkarasiddha aura 2. atIrthaMkarasiddha / jIva tIrthaMkara banakara athavA binA tIrthaMkara bane siddha hotA hai / 3. upadeza - upadeza meM tIna bhedoM kA samAveza hotA hai - 1. svayaMbuddhasiddha 2. pratyekabuddhasiddha aura 3. buddhbodhitsiddh| jIva ina tInoM meM se kisI eka prakAra se bodha prApta karake siddha hotA hai| 4. liMga - liMga meM tIna bhedoM kA samAveza hotA hai - puruSaliMgasiddha, strIliMgasiddha aura npuNskliNg| jIva ina tInoM meM se eka prakAra ke dravyaliMga se siddha hotA hai| tIrthaMkara napusaMka liMga nahIM hotA hai aura pratyekabuddha hamezA puliMga hI hote haiM 5. bAhya cihna - bAhya cihna kI dRSTi se tIna bheda haiM- svaliMgasiddha, anyaliMgasiddha aura gRhsthliNgsiddh| muMhapatti rajoharaNa Adi svaliMga haiM / parivrAjaka Adi valkala, kASAya vastra, kamaNDalu Adi anyaliMga haiM aura keza alaMkAra Adi bAhyaliMga haiN| ukta tInoM bheda dravyaliMga ke haiN| 134 ina tInoM meM se eka liMga se jIva siddha hotA hai / - 6. saMkhyA - saMkhyA kI dRSTi se siddhoM ke do bheda haiM- ekasiddha aura aneksiddh| eka samaya meM utkRSTa 108 jIva siddha ho sakate haiN| jIva akelA athavA do Adi (aneka) siddha hote haiN| naMdIsUtra ke bAda vAle kAla meM kucha AcArya uparyukta pandraha bhedoM kA ina chaha bhedoM meM samAveza karake chaha bheda hI svIkAra karate haiN| lekina cUrNikAra jinadAsagaNi ke anusAra tIrthasiddha, atIrthasiddha Adi pandraha bheda svIkAra karanA ucita hai| 35 haribhadra ke kAla meM kucheka AcArya tIrthasiddha aura atIrthasiddha ina do bhedoM meM hI zeSa teraha bhedoM kA samAveza karake do hI bheda svIkAra karate haiN| lekina haribhadra ke anusAra ina do bhedoM se zeSa teraha bhedoM kA samAveza karane para sAmAnya buddhi vAle ziSya spaSTa rUpa se samajha nahIM sakate haiN| ataH isa ukta pandraha bhedoM kI vicAraNA hI yogya hai| 136 2. parampara siddha kevalajJAna naMdIcUrNi ke anusAra prathama samaya meM siddha kI apekSA se dUsare samaya kA siddha para hai, tIsare samaya kA jo siddha hai, vaha bhI para hai, isa prakAra siddhoM kI paramparA hai, una paramparasiddhoM kA kevalajJAna paramparasiddha kevalajJAna hai / 137 jinheM siddha hue eka se adhika samaya ho gayA ho, unheM parampara siddha kahate haiN| unakA jJAna parampara siddha kevalajJAna hai| 138 133. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 45 134. tattvArthasUtra 10.7 136. hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti, pR. 46, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 133 138. AtmArAmajI ma., naMdIsUtra, pR. 128 135. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 45 137. naMdIcUrNi pR. 46

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[464] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana kevalajJAna kise utpanna hotA hai aura kaba taka rahatA hai, isa viSaya meM dArzanikoM meM bahuta matabheda rahA hai| 1. koI anAdisiddha - eka Izvara meM hI anAdi se kevalajJAna honA mAnate haiM, kintu sAmAnya jIva meM kevalajJAna honA nahIM maante| 2. jo sAmAnyajIva meM kevalajJAna honA mAnate haiM, unameM koI saMsAra avasthA meM kevalajJAna utpanna honA mAnate haiM, lekina siddha avasthA meM vaha naSTa ho jAtA hai - aisA mAnate haiN| 3. koI saMsAra avasthA meM kevalajJAna honA nahIM mAnate, siddha avasthA ke sAtha hI kevalajJAna kI utpatti mAnate haiN| 4. koI sayogI avasthA meM kevalajJAna honA nahIM mAnate, ayogI avasthA meM honA mAnate haiM, ityAdi kaI mata rahe haiN|139 una saba kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie paramparasiddhoM ke bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA haiM, jo isa prakAra hai - parampara siddha kevalajJAna ke bheda - parampara siddha kevalajJAna ke aneka bheda haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM - jitane bhI aprathama samaya siddha haiM (jinheM siddha hue prathama samaya bIta cukA hai) jaise - 1. dvisamayasiddha (jinheM siddhatva kA dUsarA samaya hai) 2. trisamaya siddha (jinheM siddhatva kA tIsarA samaya hai) 3. catuHsamaya siddha yAvat 9. daza samaya siddha 10. saMkhyAta samaya siddha 11. asaMkhyAta samaya siddha 12. ananta samaya siddha arthAta jinheM siddha hue samayoM kI 'eka do' isa prakAra kI paramparA Arambha ho cukI hai, una sabhI siddhoM kA kevalajJAna, paramparasiddha kevalajJAna hai| 40 uparyukta siddha kevalajJAna ke anantara aura paraMpara ye do bheda kAla kI dRSTi se haiN| tattvArtha sUtra meM anaMtara-parampara ina bhedoM ke alAvA siddha sAmAnya kI vicAraNA kI gaI hai, jisameM uparyukta tIrtha Adi chaha bhedoM ke alAvA dUsare prakAra se kSetrAdi bAraha kI apekSA se bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| prazna - sabhI siddha bhagavAn jJAna darzana Adi kI apekSA eka samAna hote haiM, to anantarasiddha aura paramparasiddha bheda karane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? uttara - sabhI siddha guNoM evaM zuddhatA (karmarahitA) kI dRSTi se samAna hote hue bhI paryAya kI dRSTi se unameM bheda ho sakatA hai| anantara (prathama samaya) siddhoM ke manuSya bhava ke antima samaya meM vede gaye cAra aghAti karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai| kisI kI karma ke vedana ke agale samaya meM hI nirjarA hotI hai, vedana ke samaya meM nahIM evaM zeSa siddhoM ke nirjarA nahIM hotI hai| yaha bheda batAne ke lie hI siddhoM ke anantara siddha aura parampara siddha ye do bheda kiye haiN| anantara siddhoM ke prajJApanA meM tIrthasiddha Adi pandraha aura uttarAdhyayana sUtra adhyayana 36 meM caudaha bheda kiye gaye haiM, jo isa prakAra se haiM - 1. strIliMga-siddha, 2. puruSaliMga-siddha, 3. napuMsakaliMga siddha, 4. svaliMgasiddha, 5. anyaliMga-siddha, 6. gRhastha-liMga siddha, 7. jaghanya, 8. madhyama aura 9. utkRSTa prakAra kI avagAhanA meM siddha, 10. Urdhvaloka meM (meru cUlikA Adi para) 11. adholoka, 12. tiryagloka, 13. samudra aura 14. jalAzaya meM siddha ho sakate haiN| 42 parampara siddhoM meM kAlakRta (alaga-alaga samayoM meM siddha hone rUpa) bhedoM ke sivAya bheda nahIM hone se prajJApanA sUtra meM aprathama samayasiddha 139. pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 93 140. paraMparasiddhakevalaNANaM aNegavihaM paNNattaM taM jahA-apaDhamasamayasiddhA, dusamayasiddhA, tisamayasiddhA, causamayasiddhA jAva dasasamayasiddhA, saMkhijjasamayasiddhA, asaMkhijjasamayasiddhA, annNtsmysiddhaa| - pArasamuni. naMdIsUtra, pR. 92 141. tattvArthasUtra, 10.7 142. itthI-purisa-siddhA ya, taheva ya nnpuNsgaa| saliMge aNNaliMge ya, gihiliMge taheva ya // ukkosogAhaNAe ya, jahaNNamajjhimAi y| urdu ahe ya tiriyaM ca, samuddammi jalammi y|| - uttarAdhyayana sUtra adhyayana 36 gAthA 50-51

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [465] dvisamaya siddha yAvat ananta samaya siddha taka bheda kiye gae haiN| ye paryAyoM kI apekSA bhinna hote hue bhI zuddhatA kI apekSA se to sabhI eka samAna haiN| prazna - bhavasthakevalajJAna ke carama aura acarama bheda kiye gaye haiM, lekina siddha kevalajJAna meM ye bheda kyoM nahIM kiye gaye? uttara - saMsArI avasthA meM prApta kevalajJAna, siddha dazA meM bhI vidyamAna rahatA hai cAhe siddhatva kA prathama samaya ho, cAhe dUsare, tIsare Adi samaya hoN| siddhatva dazA kA kabhI anta nahIM aataa| ataeva usameM 'carama aura acarama' ye bheda nahIM hoto haiM, kyoMki siddha acarama hI hote haiN| siddhaprAbhRta meM tatvArthasUtra ke kSetra, kAla, gati, liMga, tIrtha, cAritra, pratyekabuddhabodhita, jJAna, avagAhanA, antara, saMkhyA aura alpabahutva ina bAraha meM se liMga ke do prakAra (liMga aura veda)karake teraha tathA utkRSTa aura anusamaya ye do prakAra naye jor3akara kula pandraha prakAra (kSetra, kAla, gati, veda, tIrtha, liMga, cAritra, buddha, jJAna, avagAhanA, utkRSTa, antara, anusamaya, saMkhyA aura alpabahutva) kiye haiN| siddhaprAbhRta meM anantara aura parampara siddhoM kI vicAraNA karate hue satpadaprarUpaNA, dravyapramANa, kSetra, sparzanA, kAla, antara, bhAva aura alpabahutva, isa prakAra ina ATha bhedoM para uparyukta pandraha dvAroM ko ghaTita karate hue siddhaprAbhRta meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| siddhaprAbhRta meM jo varNana kiyA gayA hai, usakA ullekha malayagiri kI naMdIvRtti meM prApta hotA hai| 43 bhagavatIsUtra (14.10.1) meM bhavastha-kevalI aura siddhoM kI tulanA kI gaI hai| kevalI bolate haiM aura siddha nahI bolate haiN| isakA kyA kAraNa hai, bhavastha-kevalI utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya evaM puruSakAra-parAkrama sahita hote haiM, jabaki siddha ina se rahita hote haiN| isI prakAra kevalI apanI AMkheM kholate haiM aura baMda karate haiM, zarIra ko saMkucita karate haiM, phailAte haiM, khaDe rahate, nivAsa karate haiN| lekina siddha inameM se eka bhI kriyA nahIM karate haiN|44 kevalI aura siddha donoM kevalI hai, isalie kevalI kA artha bhavastha kevalI aura siddha kA artha abhavastha kevalI kiyA jAtA hai| __ cArTa meM anantara aura parampara ke prabhedoM ko choDakara zeSa ke prabheda kA naMdIsUtra meM varNana hai| naMdIsUtra meM anantara ke tIrthasiddha Adi pandraha prabheda haiM aura parampara ke dvisamaya siddha Adi aneka bheda haiN| uparyukta sabhI prabheda kevalajJAna ke nahIM haiM, kyoMki kevalajJAna meM taratama bhAva nahIM hotA hai| isalie yaha prabheda kevalajJAna ke svAmI arthAt kevalI ke hai| SaTkhaNDAgama aura tattvArtha sUtra meM kevalI kI vicAraNA meM kevalajJAna ke prabhedoM kA ullekha nahIM hai| kevalajJAna bhavastha siMddha sayogI ayogI anantara parampara prathama anekAntara aneka eka parampara aprathama ekAntara (acarama) samaya parampara prathama aprathama (carama) (acarama) samaya samaya 143. malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 113-126 (carama) samaya 144. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, bhagavatIsUtra, za. 14, u. 10 pR. 429-430

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[466] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana kevalajJAna prApti kI prakriyA jIva ko kisa prakAra kevalajJAna kI prApti hotI hai, isa sambandha meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM vizeSa ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai| isa sambandha meM anya granthoM meM prApta varNana nimna prakAra se hai kevalajJAna kI prApti ke hetu kevalajJAna kI prApti kaSAya ke kSaya hone para hI hotI hai| moha kA kSaya hone se ke bAda jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa va aMtarAya karma kA eka sAtha kSaya hone se kevalajJAna prakaTa hotA hai / 196 kevalajJAnAvaraNakarma kSINa hone para kevalajJAna utpanna hotA hai, ataH vaha kSaya niSpanna hai|" kSaya ke lie baMdha ke hetu kA abhAva aura nirjarA Avazyaka hai| baMdha ke pAMca hetu hai mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga 149 ina pAMca hetuoM ke abhAva se naye karmoM kA baMdha nahIM hotA hai aura jo sattA meM haiM, unakI nirjarA hotI hai / 150 nirjarA ke lie tapa Avazyaka hai| tapa bAhya aura AbhyaMtara ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| donoM tapa ke chaha-chaha bheda hote haiN| 151 dhyAna AbhyaMtara tapa kA eka bheda hone se kevalajJAna kI prApti meM usakA mahattva hai kyoMki dhyAna saMvarayukta hone se usameM naye karmoM baMdha nahIM hotA hai aura purAne karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai| 1 dhyAna cAra kA prakAra hotA hai - Artta, raudra, dharma aura zukla dhyAna / inameM se aMtima do dhyAna mokSa ke hetu hote haiN| unameM bhI zukladhyAna kA vizeSa mahattva hai| zukladhyAna ke cAra prabheda haiM. pRthaktvavirtaka, ekatvavitarka, sUkSmakriyApratipAti aura vyuparatakriyAnivarti / zukladhyAna ke cAra bhedoM meM se prathama ke do bhedoM se kevalajJAna kI prApti hotI hai aura aMtima do kevalajJAna kI prApti ke bAda prayukta hote haiN| zukladhyAna ke aMtima do bhedoM ke nAma meM matAntara hai, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM kramazaH sUkSmakriyAnivRtti aura vyucchinnakriyA apratipAti 5 prayukta hue hai| zukladhyAna ke cAra bhedoM kA saMkSepa meM varNana isa prakAra hai 1. pRthaktvavitarka eka dravya viSayaka aneka paryAyoM kA pRthak pRthak rUpa se vistAra pUrvaka pUrvagata zruta ke anusAra dravyArthika paryAyArthika Adi nayoM se cintana karanA pRthaktva vitarka savicArI zukla dhyAna hai| yaha dhyAna vicAra sahita hotA hai| vicAra kA svarUpa hai artha, vyaJjana (zabda) evaM yogoM meM saMkramaNa arthAt isa dhyAna meM artha se zabda meM, zabda se artha meM, zabda se zabda meM aura artha se artha meM evaM eka yoga se dUsare yoga meM saMkramaNa hotA hai / pUrvagata zruta ke anusAra vividha nayoM se padArthoM kI paryAyoM kA bhinna bhinna rUpa se cintana rUpa yaha zukla dhyAna pUrvadhArI ko hotA hai aura marudevI mAtA kI taraha jo pUrvadhara nahIM haiM unheM artha, vyaJjana evaM yogoM meM paraspara saMkramaNa rUpa yaha zukla dhyAna hotA hai| - - 2. ekatvavitarka pUrvagata zruta kA AdhAra lekara utpAda Adi paryAyoM ke ekatva (abheda) se kisI eka padArtha kA athavA paryAya kA sthira citta se cintana karanA ekatva vitarka avicArI hai| isameM artha, vyaJjana aura yogoM kA saMkramaNa nahIM hotaa| jisa taraha vAyu rahita ekAnta sthAna meM dIpaka kI lau sthira rahatI hai, usI prakAra isa dhyAna meM citta sthira rahatA hai| 145. Avazyakaniryukti, gAthA 104 147. khayanipphaNe... khiinnkevlnaannaavrnne| anuyogadvAra 149. tattvArthasUtra, adhyayana 8, sUtra 1 151. tattvArthasUtra, adhyayana 9, sUtra 19, 20 152. etadabhyantaraM tapaH saMvaratvAdabhinavakarmopacayapratiSedhakaM nirjaraNaphalatvAt karmanirjarakam / tatvArthabhASya 9.46 153. tattvArthasUtra, adhyayana 9, sUtra 29, 30, 39, 40, 41 146. tattvArtha sUtra 10.1 148. tattvArthasUtra, adhyayana 10, sUtra 1, 2 150. sarvArthasiddhi 10.2 154. vizeSAvazyabhASya gAthA 3069

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [467] 3. sUkSmakriyApratipAti - mokSa jAne se pahale kevalI bhagavAn mana aura vacana ina do yogoM kA tathA arddha kAyayoga kA bhI nirodha kara lete haiN| usa samaya kevalI bhagavAn ke kAyikI, ucchvAsa Adi sUkSma kriyA hI rahatI hai| pariNAmoM meM vizeSa baDhe car3he rahane se kevalI yahAM se pIche nahIM httte| yaha tIsarA sUkSmakriyA apratipAti zukla dhyAna hai| 4. vyuparatakriyAnivarti - zailezI avasthA ko prApta kevalI bhagavAn sabhI yogoM kA nirodha kara lete haiN| yogoM ke nirodha se sabhI kriyAeM naSTa ho jAtI haiN| yaha dhyAna sadA banA rahatA hai| isalie ise vyuparatakriyAnivarti zukla dhyAna kahate haiN| pRthaktvavitarka savicArI zukla dhyAna sabhI yogoM meM hotA hai| ekatvavitarka avicArI zukla dhyAna kisI eka hI yoga meM hotA hai| sUkSmakriyApratipAti zukla dhyAna kevala kAyayoga meM hotA hai| cauthA vyuparatakriyAnivarti zukladhyAna ayogI ke hI hotA hai| chadmastha ke mana ko nizcala karanA dhyAna kahalAtA hai aura kevalI kI kAyA ko nizcala karanA dhyAna kahalAtA hai| pRthaktvavitarka meM artha, vyaMjana aura yoga meM mana kA saMcAra cAlU rahatA hai| ekatvavitarka meM yaha saMcAra ruka jAtA hai|55 pRthaktvavitarka ke abhyAsa se dhyAna meM pragati karake muni mohanIya karma ko naSTa karane ke lie jJAnAvaraNAdi prakRtiyoM kA baMdha roka kara sthiti kA hrAsa aura kSaya karake artha, vyaMjana aura yoga meM hone vAle mana kA saMcAra rokakara aura sthira citta vAlA hokara ekatvavitarka dhyAna karate haiN| jise pahale kabhI bhI pUrNataH kSINa nahIM kara pAyA, aise mohanIya karma kI samasta zeSa prakRtiyoM kA kSaya karatA hai, usake bAda antamuhUrta meM chadmastha jIva vItarAga bana jAtA hai, phira vaha pAMca prakAra vAle jJAnAvaraNIya, nau prakAra vAle darzanAvaraNIya aura pAMca prakAra vAle antarAya ina tInoM karmoM ko eka sAtha kSaya karatA hai| jisake phalasvarUpa anuttara, ananta, kRtsna-sampUrNa, pratipUrNa, nirAvaraNa, andhakAra rahita, vizuddha, lokAlokaprabhAvaka-lokAloka ko prakAzita karane vAle kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ko prApta karatA hai|56 vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya kI apekSA karmoM kA kSaya jisa samaya kevalajJAnAvaraNa kA kSaya hotA hai, usI samaya kevalajJAna kI utpatti hotI hai, yaha nizcayanaya kA abhimata hai| vyavahAra naya se kevalajJAnAvaraNa ke kSaya ke anantara samaya meM kevalajJAna utpanna hotA hai|57 vyavahAra naya ke anusAra jJAnAvaraNa kI kSIyamANa avasthA meM jJAna nahIM hotA, AvaraNa ke kSaya hone para hI vaha prakaTa hotA hai, kyoMki kriyAkAla aura niSThAkAla meM ekatva ucita nahIM hai|158 nizcayanayavAdI kahate haiM ki yadi kriyAkAla meM kSaya nahIM hotA hai to vaha bAda meM bhI nahIM hogaa| yadi kriyA ke binA hI kSaya hotA hai, taba pahale samaya kI kriyA kI kyA apekSA hai?159 Agama meM bhI nirjIryamANa ko nijIrNa kahA gayA hai| 160 karma kA vedana hotA hai aura nokarma (akarma) kI nirjarA hotI hai| (kammaM veijjai no kammaM nnijjrijji|) isalie nirjIryamANa (kSIyamANa) kAla meM karma ke AvaraNa kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| kSIyamANa aura kSINa meM kAlabheda nahIM hai| jisa prakAra prakAza aura aMdhakAra meM 155. tattvArthasUtra, adhyayana 9, sUtra 43, 44, 46, sarvArthasiddhi 9.42 156. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, adhyayana 29 sUtra 72 157. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 1334 158. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 1335 159. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 1337 160. calamANe calie jAva NijjarijjamANe nijinnnne| - yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, bhagavatIsUtra bhAga 1, za. 1. u.1 pR. 16 161. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 1338

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[468] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana eka sAtha utpAda aura vyaya hotA hai, vaise hI jJAna aura AvaraNa meM bhI jAnanA caahie| 162 kevalajJAnAvaraNa aura kevaladarzanAvaraNa karma kA kSaya hone para kevalI samasta jJeya ko kevalajJAna se sadA jAnatA hai aura kevaladarzana se sadA dekhatA hai mokSa kI prApti meM kevalI samudghAta kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai, ataH kevalI svarUpa para yahA~ vicAra abhISTa hai| kevalI samudghAta samudghAta samudghAta zabda sama+udaghAta se milakara banA hai| sam ekIbhAvapUrvaka ut prabalatA se, ghAta ghAta krnaa| tAtparya yaha huA ki ekAgratA pUrvaka prabalatA ke sAtha ghAta karanA samudghAta kahalAtA hai| samudghAta sAta prakAra ke haiM 1. vedanA, 2. kaSAya, 3. mAraNAMtika, 4. vaikriya, 5. taijasa, 6. AhAraka aura 7. kevalI / ataH kevalI samudghAta - ke jaba jIva vedanAdi samudghAtoM meM pariNata hotA hai, taba kAlAntara meM anubhava karane yogya vedanIyAdi karmoM ke pradezoM ko udIraNAkaraNa ke dvArA khIMcakara, udayAvalikA meM DAlakara, unakA anubhava karake nirjIrNa kara DAlatA hai, arthAt AtmapradezoM se pRthak kara detA hai| yaha ghAta kI prabalatA hai| pUrvakRta karmoM kA jhar3a jAnA AtmA se pRthak ho jAnA hI nirjarA hai|164 vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM jinabhadragaNi ne kevalI samudghAta kA varNana jJAna ke prasaMga para nahIM karate hue siddhoM ke namaskAra ke varNana meM kiyA hai ataH bhASya tathA anya granthoM meM isa sambandha meM jo varNana milatA hai, usakI yahA~ samIkSA kI jA rahI hai| kevalI samudghAta jisa prayatna meM prabalatA se karmoM kI sthiti aura anubhAga kA samIcIna udghAta hotA hai, vaha kevalI samudghAta hai| usameM udIraNAvalikA meM praviSTa karma pudgaloM kA prakSepaNa hotA hai, vedanIya karmadalikoM ko AyuSya karmadalikoM ke samAna karane ke lie saba AtmapradezoM kA lokAkAza meM nissaraNa hotA hai aura karmoM kA zIghratA se kSaya hotA hai| isakA kAlamAna antarmuhUrta ( ATha samaya) hai 45 - jaba vedanIya kI sthiti adhika ho aura Ayu karma kI alpa ho taba sthiti samAna karane ke lie kevalI bhagavAn kevalI samudghAta karate haiN| jaise madirA meM phena Akara zAMta ho jAtA hai usI taraha samudghAta meM dehastha Atmapradeza bAhara nikalakara phira zarIra meM samA jAte haiM, aisA samudghAta kevalI karate haiN| 166 162. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 1340 164. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, prajJApanA sUtra, bhAga 3, pR. 230 165. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1, pR. 579 kevalI samudghAta kauna karatA hai ? zvetAmbara mAnyatA aMtarmuharta se lekara adhikatama chaha mAha kI Ayu zeSa rahane para jinheM kevalajJAna prApta hotA hai, ve nizcita rUpa se samudghAta karate haiM / kevalajJAna prApti ke samaya jinakI Ayu chaha mAsa se adhika hotI hai, ve samudghAta nahIM krte| kevalajJAna prApti ke samaya jinakI Ayu chaha mAsa se adhika hai, unakI jaba chaha mAha Ayu zeSa rahatI hai, taba unameM se kucha samudghAta karate 163. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1341 166. vedanIyassa bahutvAdalpatvAccAyuSo nAbhogapUrvakamAyuH samakaraNArthe dravyasvabhAvatvAt surAdravyasya phenavegavudbudAvirbhAvopazamanavaddehasthAtmapradezAnAM bahiH samudghAtanaM kevalisamudghAtaH / tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1.20.12 pR. 56

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [469] haiM, kucha nahIM krte| athavA jinake vedanIya Adi karma adhika tathA AyuSya karma alpa hotA hai, ve kevalI niyamataH samudghAta karate haiN| 67 jinake vedanIya, nAma aura gotra karma bandhana aura sthiti kI apekSA Ayu karma ke samAna hote haiM, ve kevalI samudghAta nahIM karate / isa taraha kevalI samudghAta kiye binA ananta kevalI siddhi gati ko prApta hue haiN| digambara mAnyatA - jinakI Ayu chaha mahIne zeSa rahane para kevalajJAnI hote haiM, ve kevalI niyama se samudghAta ko karate haiN| bAkI ke kevaliyoM ko AyuSya adhika hone para samudghAta karate bhI hai aura nahIM bhI, unake lie koI niyama nahIM hai arthAt jinakI Ayu ke samAna hI anya (vedanIya aura nAma, gotra) karmoM kI sthiti hotI hai, ve sayogI kevalI samadaghAta kiye binA zailezI avasthA ko prApta hote haiN| jinake vedanIya nAma va gotra karma kI sthiti adhika aura Ayu karma kI sthiti kama hotI hai, ve kevalI bhagavAn samudghAta karake hI zailezI avasthA ko prApta hote haiN|68 aisA hI ullekha SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI hai|69 spaSTa hotA hai ki donoM paramparA meM yahIM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki sabhI kevalI samudghAta nahIM karate haiN| vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA mata - AyuSyakarma jaghanya aura utkRSTa aMtarmuhUrta zeSa rahane para kevalI bhagavAn samudghAta karate haiN| kucha AcAryoM kA mata hai ki kevalI jaghanya aMtarmuhUrta aura utkRSTa chaha mAsa zeSa rahane para samudghAta karate haiM, lekina jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra aisA mAnanA Agama ke viparIta hai| kyoMki AgamAnusAra samudghAta ke aMtarmuhUrta bAda ve kevalI zailIzI avasthA ko prApta hote haiM aura usake aMtarmuhUrta bAda mokSa padhAra jAte haiM, prajJApanA sUtra ke 36veM pada meM batAyA hai ki samudghAta ke bAda ve prAtihArya pATa-pATalA Adi vApasa karate haiM, yaha kaise ghaTita hogaa| kyoMki chaha mAsa Ayu zeSa rahate samudghAta kiyA jAe, to prAtihArya lauTAne kI kahA~ AvazyakatA hai?170 digambara paramparA ke anusAra to Ayukarma jaba aMtarmuhUrta mAtra zeSa rahatA hai taba kevalI samudghAta karate haiN| kevalI samudghAta kA prayojana mumukSu AtmA ke bhavopagrAhI cAra aghAtI karmoM kA kSaya eka sAtha hI hotA hai| yadi koI aisA mAne ki asamAna sthiti vAle vedanIyAdi karmoM kI sthiti ko AyuSya karma ke samAna kisa prakAra karake, eka sAtha cAroM karmoM kA kSaya kiyA jAtA hai? kRtanAza Adi doSa se bacane ke lie koI kahe kI anukrama se hI karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai, to yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki pahale AyuSya karma pUrNa ho jAye to, AyuSya ke abhAva meM zeSa dUsare karmoM kA kSaya karane ke lie jIva kisa AdhAra para saMsAra meM rahatA hai? yadi mokSa meM calA jAtA hai, to karma sahita (vedanIyAdi tIna karma kSaya karanA zeSa hai) jIva mokSa kaise jAtA hai? upuryakta sabhI praznoM kA uttara hai ki jina mumukSu AtmAoM ke vedanIya Adi cAra aghAtI karma svabhAva se samAna sthiti vAle haiM, ve to binA samudghAta kiye karmoM kA kSaya karake mokSa ko prApta karate haiM, lekina jinake AyuSya karma to alpa hai aura vedanIyAdi tIna karmoM kI sthiti adhika hai to ve kevalI samudghAta dvArA vedanIyAdi tIna karmoM kI sthiti AyuSya karma ke samAna karake mokSa prApta karate haiN| yadi samudghAta ko svIkAra nahIM kareMge to amokSAdi doSoM kI prApti hogii| 167. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1, pR. 579 168. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 2103-2105 169. SaTakhaNDAgama, pu. 1, 1.1.60, pR. 304 170. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3048 se 3049 171. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 2106, sa ydaantrmuhrtshessaayusskstt| sarvArthasiddhi 9.44 pR. 360, SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA), pu. 13, 5.4.26 pR. 83-84

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[470] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana prazna - vedanIyAdi karma kI sthiti adhika aura AyuSya karma kI sthiti alpa hotI hai, aisA niyama kisa kAraNa se haiM, kyA kabhI isake viparIta nahIM ho sakatA kI AyuSya karma kI sthiti adhika aura vedanAyAdi tIna karmoM kI sthiti alpa ho? uttara - nahIM, kyoMki karma baMdha kA aisA hI svabhAva hai| jisase AyuSya karma vedanIyAdi tIna karma ke samAna athavA alpa rahatA hai, lekina adhika nahIM hotA hai| AyuSya kA baMdhakAla aMtarmuhUrta mAtra hotA hai kyoMki usakA baMdha pariNAma ke svabhAva se adhruvabaMdhI hotA hai| vedanIyAdi karmoM kA baMdha dhruvabaMdhI hone se unake baMdha kA pariNAma adhika hone se ata: ve AyuSya se adhika sthiti vAle hote haiN| kevalIsumadghAta meM jIva AyuSya se adhika vedanIyAdi karmoM kA apavartana karake baMdha se aura sthiti se AyuSya karma ke samAna karatA hai arthAt sabhI karmoM kI sthiti antarmuhUrta karatA hai|72 digambara paramparA - jaise gIlA vastra phailA dene para vaha jaldI sUkha jAtA hai, jabaki utanI zIghratA se ikaTThA kiyA huA vastra nahIM sUkhatA hai| karmoM kI bhI vaisI hI sthiti hotI hai| Atma pradezoM ke phailAva se sambaddha karmaraja kI sthiti binA bhoge ghaTa jAtI hai| sthiti bandha kA kAraNa jo snehaguNa hai, vaha kevalI samudghAta se kama hone para zeSa karmoM kI sthiti bhI kama ho jAtI hai| aMta meM yoga nirodha kara kevalI mukti ko prApta karate haiN|73 svayaM saMsAra kI sthiti kA vinAza karane ke lie kevalI samudghAta karate haiN| 74 donoM paramparAoM meM kevalI samudghAta kA prayojana lagabhaga samAna hI hai| prazna-kevalI samudghAta meM udIraNA hotI hai yA nahIM? uttara - terahaveM guNasthAna meM nAma, gotra kI to udIraNA hotI hai, vedanIya kI nahIM kyoM ki vedanIya aura AyuSya kI udIraNA pramAdI (chaThe gusthAnataka) hI karatA hai| kevalI samudghAta meM sthiti aura anubhAga kaNDakoM kA nAza karake vedanIyAdi kI kSapaNA kI jAtI hai, kintu udIraNA nahIM hai| ata: vedanIya, Ayu Adi kI nirjarA ko udIraNA nahIM samajhanI caahie| samudghAta meM udIraNA nahIM batAI gaI hai| kevalI samudghAta ke pUrva kI avasthA kevalI samudghAta se pahale kevalI AvarjIkaraNa karate haiN| AvarjIkaraNa kA artha abhimukha karanA hai arthAt AtmA ko mokSa kI ora abhimukha karanA AvarjIkaraNa hai| kevalI samudghAta kI icchA vAle kevalI 'mujhe samudghAta karanA cAhie' isa prakAra ke upayoga vAle hote haiM athavA yathAyogya karmoM kI udIraNA Adi karake udayAvalikA meM prakSepaNa (DAlane) rUpa zubha yogoM ke vyApAra ke dvArA svayaM ko mokSa ke sAtha abhiyojita karanA (jor3anA) AvarjIkaraNa kahalAtA hai| AvarjIkaraNa kA kAla asaMkhyAta samaya pramANa anturmuhUrta kA hai| usake bAda binA vyavadhAna ke kevalI samudghAta karate haiN|5| sabhI kevalI bhagavAn AvarjIkaraNa avazya karate haiN| jo kevalI bhagavAn kevalI samudghAta karate haiM ve pahale AvarjIkaraNa karate haiM aura usake bAda kevalI samudghAta karate haiN| isalie AvarjIkaraNa kA dUsarA nAma Avazyaka karaNa bhI hai| yahA~ AvarjIkaraNa ke cAra artha abhipreta haiM - 1. AtmA ko mokSa ke abhimukha karanA, 2. mana, vacana, kAyA ke zubha prayoga dvArA mokSa ko Avarjita (abhimukha) karanA, 3. Avarjita arthAt bhavyatva ke kAraNa mokSagamana ke prati zubha yogoM 172. Avazyaki niyukti gAthA 954,956, yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, prajJApanA sUtra, bhAga 3, pR. 286, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3039 se 3047 173. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 2107-210 174. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 153 TIkA pR. 365 175. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3050 se 3051

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [471] ko vyApRta-pravRtta karanA AvarjIkaraNa hai tathA 4. A-maryAdA meM kevalI kI dRSTi se zubhayogoM kA prayoga karanA bhI AvarjIkaraNa hai| kevalI samudghAta kI prakiyA zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra - kevalI samudghAta meM ATha samaya lagate haiN| kevalI bhagavAn pahale samaya meM AtmapradezoM ko lambAI meM Upara aura nIce loka paryanta, caur3AI meM apane zarIra pramANa daNDa rUpa karate haiN| dUsare samaya meM AtmapradezoM ko pUrva-pazcima meM phailA kara kapATa banAte haiN| tIsare samaya meM dakSiNa aura uttara dizA meM AtmapradezoM ko phailAkara maMthAna karate haiN| isa prakAra loka se kucha kama kSetra ko sparza karate haiN| cauthe samaya meM aMtara pUrita karake loka ko sampUrNa rUpa se sparza karate haiM arthAt cauthe samaya meM sArA loka bhara dete haiN| punaH pratiloma krama se AtmapradezoM kA saMharaNa karate haiM arthAt pAMcaveM samaya meM loka kA saMharaNa karate haiM, chaThe samaya meM manthAna kA, sAtaveM samaya meM kapATa kA aura AThaveM samaya meM daNDa kA saMharaNa karate haiM aura navameM samaya meM kevalI bhagavAn zarIrastha ho jAte haiM / (AThaveM samaya meM daNDa saMharaNa karanA aura zarIrastha honA ye do kriyAeM hotI haiN| navameM samaya meM daNDa saMharaNa kI kriyA nahIM hotI hai| saMharaNa rahita (pUrvavat) zarIrastha avasthA ho jAtI hai / )17 digambara paramparA ke anusAra - daNDa, kapATa, pratara aura lokapUraNa ke bheda se kevalI samudghAta cAra prakAra kA hai| kevalI ke AtmapradezoM ko daNDAkAra se kucha kama caudaha rAjU utsedha rUpa phailAne kA nAma daNDa samudghAta hai| daNDa samudghAta ke bAda pUrva pazcima meM vAta valaya se rahita sampUrNa kSetra ko vyApta karane kA nAma kapATa samudghAta hai| kevalI bhagavAn ke AtmapradezoM kA vAta valaya se ruke hue kSetra ko chor3akara saMpUrNa loka meM vyApta hone kA nAma pratara samudghAta hai| ghana lokapramANa kevalI bhagavAn ke AtmapradezoM kA sarva loka meM vyApta hote ko lokapUraNa samudghAta kahate haiN| kevalI samudghAta meM karma prakRtiyoM kI kSapaNA kI prakriyA zvetAmbara ke anusAra - kevalI bhagavAn ke vedanIya kI do - sAtA vedanIya aura asAtA vedanIya, nAmakarma kI 80 prakRtiyA~ (zubha nAmakarma kI 52 aura azubha nAmakarma kI 28), gotra karma kI do-ucca gotra aura nIca gotra aura Ayu kI eka-manuSyAyu ina cAra karmoM kI kula 85 prakRtiyAM sattA meM rahatI haiN| kevalI samudghAta ke prathama samaya meM kevalI bhagavAn azubha nAma karma kI 28 prakRtiyoM, asAtA vedanIya aura nIca gotra ina kula 30 prakRtiyoM kI sthiti ke asaMkhyAta khaNDa karate haiM aura anubhAga (rasa) ke ananta khaNDa karate haiM aura sthiti aura anubhAga kA eka-eka khaNDa bAkI rakha kara zeSa sabhI khaNDoM kA kSaya karate haiN| dUsare samaya meM kevalI bhagavAn zubha nAma karma kI 52, sAtA vedanIya aura ucca gotra kula 54 prakRtiyoM kI sthiti ke asaMkhyAta khaNDa karate haiM aura anubhAga ke ananta khaMDa karate haiN| sthiti kA khaNDa sthiti meM aura anubhAga kA khaNDa anubhAga meM milAte haiM aura eka khaNDa sthiti kA aura eka khaNDa anubhAga ko zeSa rakha kara bAkI sabhI khaNDa dUsare samaya meM kSaya karate haiN| tIsare samaya meM sthiti ke eka khaNDa ke asaMkhyAta khaNDa karate haiM aura anubhAga ke eka khaNDa ke ananta khaNDa karate haiM aura sthiti aura anubhAga kA eka eka khaNDa zeSa rakha kara bAkI sabhI khaNDa tIsare samaya meM kSaya kara dete haiN| isI taraha cautheM samaya aura pAMcaveM samaya meM bhI samajhanA caahie| chaThe 176. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, prajJApanA sUtra, bhAga 3, pR. 292 177. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 955, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3052 se 3053 178. SaTakhaNDAgama, pu. 4, 1.3.2, pR. 28

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[472] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana samaya meM kevalI bhagavAn sthiti ke eka khaNDa ke asaMkhyAta khaNDa karate haiM aura anubhAga ke eka khaNDa ke bhI asaMkhyAta khaNDa karate haiN| ye asaMkhyAta khaNDa utane hote haiM jitane kevalI bhagavAn kI Ayu ke samaya bAkI hote haiN| chaThe samaya meM eka khaNDa sthiti kA, eka khaNDa anubhAga kA aura eka samaya Ayu kA kSaya karate haiN| isI taraha sAtaveM samaya meM, AThaveM samaya meM yAvat mukta hoM taba taka eka khaNDa sthiti kA, eka khaNDa anubhAga kA aura eka samaya Ayu kA kSaya karate rahate haiN|79 digambara paramparA ke anusAra - kevalI bhagavAn kevalI samudghAta ke prathama samaya meM daNDasamudghAta karate haiN| usa daNDasamudghAta meM Ayu ko chor3akara zeSa tIna aghAtI karmoM kI sthiti ke asaMkhyAta bahubhAga ko naSTa karate haiM, isake atirikta kSINakaSAya nAmaka 12veM guNasthAna ke aMtima samaya meM azubha prakRtiyoM kA jo anubhAga kSaya karanA zeSa raha gayA usa anubhAga ke anaMta bahubhAga ko bhI isa samudghAta meM naSTa karate haiM, dvitIya samaya meM kapATa samudghAta karate haiN| usa kapATasamudghAta meM zeSa sthiti ke asaMkhyAta bahubhAga ko naSTa karate haiM, tathA aprazasta prakRtiyoM ke zeSa anubhAga ke bhI anaMta bahubhAga ko naSTa karate haiN| tRtIya samaya meM pratara rUpa manthasamudghAta karate haiN| isa samudghAta meM bhI sthiti va anubhAga ko pUrva ke samAna hI naSTa karate haiN| caturtha samaya meM apane saba AtmapradezoM se sampUrNa loka ko pUrita karake lokapUraNasamudghAta ko prApta hote haiN| lokapUraNasamudghAta meM samayoga ho jAne para yoga kI eka vargaNA ho jAtI haiN| (cauthe samaya meM jIva ke sabhI pradezoM meM yoga ke avibhAgapraticcheda vRddhi-hAni se rahita hokara samAna ho jAte haiM, ataH sabhI Atmapradeza paraspara samAna hone se una AtmapradezoM kI eka vargaNA ho jAtI hai|) isa avasthA meM bhI sthiti aura anubhAga ko pUrva ke hI samAna naSTa karate haiN| ina cAra samayoM meM aprazasta karmoM ke anubhAga kI pratisamaya aparvatanA hotI hai| eka-eka samaya meM eka sthiti kAMDaka kA ghAta hotA hai| utarane ke prathama samaya se lekara zeSa sthiti ke saMkhyAta bahubhAga ko, tathA zeSa anubhAga ke anaMta bahubhAga ko bhI naSTa karatA hai|180 kevalI samudghAta meM yogoM kI pravRtti kevalI samudghAta meM kevalI bhagavAn ke manayoga aura vacanayoga kA vyApAra nahIM hotA, kevala kAyayoga kI pravRtti hotI hai| kAyayoga meM bhI audArika, audArika mizra aura kArmaNa kAyayoga-ina tIna kI pravRtti hotI hai zeSa cAra kAya yoga kI pravRtti nahIM hotii| pahale aura AThaveM samaya meM audArika kAyayoga pravartatA hai, dUsare, chaThe aura sAtaveM samaya meM audArikamizra kAyayoga pravartatA hai aura tIsare, cauthe va pAMcaveM samaya meM kArmaNa kAyayoga pravartatA hai| samudghAta karane ke bAda kevalI aMtarmuhUrta taka saMsAra meM rahate haiM aura tInoM yogoM kA vyApAra karate haiN| aMtarmuhUrta bAda yogoM kA nirodha karate haiN|187 gommaTasAra meM isI bAta ko gUr3ha zabdoM meM kahA hai - daNDa rUpa karane tathA sameTane rUpa do kriyAoM meM audArika zarIra paryAptikAla hai| kapATa rUpa karane tathA sameTane rUpa do meM audArika mizra zarIra kAla hai arthAt aparyApta kAla hai| pratara rUpa karane aura sameTane meM tathA lokapUraNa meM kArmaNa kAla hai aura mUla zarIra meM praveza karane ke prathama samaya se lagAkara saMjJI paMcendriya kI taraha anukrama se paryApti pUrNa karatA hai|182 gommaTasAra ke isa kathana se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki digambara paramparA meM samudghAta meM jIva punaH paryAptiyoM ko pUrNa karatA hai| 179. prajJApanA sUtra, 36vAM pada 180. SaTkha NDAgama, pu.6, 1.9-8.16, pR. 412-417 181. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3054 se 3057, aupapAtika sUtra, pR. 170, prajJApanA sUtra, bhAga 3, pR. 289-290 182. gommaTasAra karmakAMDa, bhAga 2, gAthA 587, pR. 929-930

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [473] kevalI samudghAta ke bAda kI pravRtti kevalI bhagavAn kevalI samudghAta karate hue siddha, buddha, mukta arthAt nirvANa ko prApta nahIM hote haiM, kintu ve kevalI samudghAta se nivRtta hote haiM aura nivRtta hokara mana yoga, vacana yoga aura kAya yoga kI pravRtti karate haiN| manayoga meM satya manayoga aura vyavahAra manayoga pravartAte haiN| vacana yoga meM satya vacana yoga aura vyavahAra vacana yoga pravartAte haiN| kAya yoga (audArika kAya yoga) pravartAte hue Ate jAte haiM, uThate baiThate haiM, sote haiM yAvat pratihArI (paDihArI - vApisa lauTAne yogya) pATa pATale zayyA saMstAraka ko vApisa lauTAte haiM arthAt kevalI samudghAta ke bAda antarmuhUrta (lagabhaga AdhA, pauna ghaNTA) taka yogoM kI pravRti karane ke bAda ayogI banate haiN| prazna - sayogI (yoga sahita) jIva mokSa kyoM nahIM jAtA hai? uttara - yoga baMdhana kA hetu hai phira bhI sayogI kevalI karmanirjarA ke mukhya kAraNabhUta paramazukladhyAna ko prApta nahIM karatA hai, isalie sayogI kevalI siddha nahIM hotA hai|183 kevalI ke yoga-nirodha kI prakriyA kevalI samudghAta ke pazcAt kevalI bhagavAn ke jo kucha Avazyaka kArya hote haiM, ve unako pUrA karake usake bAda yoganirodha kI prakriyA prAraMbha karate haiN| yoga nirodha kI prakriyA meM donoM paramparAoM meM matabheda hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra - kevalI antarmuhUrta parimANa Ayu zeSa rahatI hai, taba mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRti kA nirodha karane meM pravRtta hote haiM, usakI prakriyA nimna prakAra se haiM - kevalI sUkSmakriyA-apratipAti nAmaka zukladhyAna ke tIsare pAda kA dhyAna karate hue sarvaprathama manoyoga kA nirodha karate haiN| manoyoga ke nirodha ke lie ve pahale jaghanya yoga vAle paryApta saMjJI paMcendriya kA jitanA manodravya (mana ke pudgala) hai aura usakA jitanA vyApAra (pravRtti) hai, usameM asaMkhya guNahIna manodravya aura vyApAra kA pratisamaya nirodha karate-karate asaMkhyAta samayoM meM sampUrNa manoyoga kA nirodha karate haiN| usake pazcAt vacana yoga kA nirodha karate haiN| vacanayoga kA nirodha karane ke lie jaghanya yoga vAle paryApta dvIndriya ke jaghanya vacanayoga ke paryAyoM se asaMkhyAtaguNa hIna vacanayoga-paryAyoM kA pratisamaya nirodha karate-karate asaMkhyAta samayoM meM sampUrNa vacanayoga kA nirodha karate haiN| vacanayoga kA nirodha karane ke bAda kAyayoga kA nirodha karate haiN| prathama samaya meM utpanna jaghanya yoga vAle aparyApta sUkSma panaka jIva (nigoda jIva) ke kAyayoga se asaMkhyAta guNa hIna kAyayoga ke pudgala aura vyApAra kA pratisamaya nirodha karate-karate tathA zarIra kI avagAhanA ke tIsare bhAga ko chor3ate (pole bhAga ko pUrita karate) hue asaMkhya samayoM meM kAyayoga kA (zvAsocchvAsa sahita) pUrNa nirodha karate haiN| kAyayoga kA nirodha hone ke sAtha hI zvAsocchvAsa (AnApAnanirodha) kA nirodha bhI ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra yogoM kA nirodha karake ayogI hote haiN| pUrNa yoganirodha hote hI ayogI yA zaileSI avasthA prApta ho jAtI hai| jisa avasthA meM kevalI zaila arthAt merupavarta kI taraha sthira ho jAte haiM, use zailezI avasthA kahate haiN| 184 kevalI ke kAyayoga ke nirodha ke prAraMbha samaya meM sUkSmakriyA anivRtti (sUkSmakriyAnivRtti) rUpa zukladhyAna hotA hai aura zailezI avasthA (ayogI hone ke bAda) ke samaya samucchinna kriyAapratipAti (vyucchinnakriyAapratipAti) rUpa zukladhyAna hotA hai|185 183. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3058 184. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3059 se 3064, aupapAtika sUtra, pR. 172, prajJApanA sUtra, bhAga 3, pR. 291 185. vizeSAvazyabhASya gAthA 3068-3069

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[474] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana digambara parampAra ke anusAra yoga nirodha - kevalI bhagavAn kevalI samudghAta ke aMtarmuhUrta bAda bAdara kAyayoga se bAdara manoyoga kA nirodha karate haiN| tatpazcAt aMtarmuhUrta bAdara vacanayoga kA nirodha karate haiN| punaH aMtarmuhUrta se bAdara kAyayoga se bAdara ucchvAsa ni:zvAsa kA nirodha karate haiN| punaH aMtarmuhUrta se bAdara kAya yoga se usI bAdara kAyayoga kA nirodha karate haiN| tatpazcAta aMtarmuhUrta ke bAda sUkSma kAyayoga se sUkSma manoyoga kA nirodha karate haiN| tatpazcAt aMtarmuhUrta bAda sUkSma vacanayoga kA nirodha karate haiN| punaH aMtarmuhUrta ke bAda sUkSma kAyayoga se sUkSma ucchvAsa-ni:zvAsa kA nirodha karate haiN| puna: aMtarmuhUrta ke bAda sUkSma kAyayoga se sUkSma kAyayoga kA nirodha karate haiN| usa samaya kevalI bhagavAn sUkSmakriyApratipAtI zukladhyAna ko dhyAte haiN| yoga kA nirodha jAne para tIna aghAtI karma Ayu ke sadRza ho jAte haiN|186 lagabhaga aisA hI varNana pUjyapAda aura akalaMka ne bhI kiyA hai| 187 mana ke abhAva meM kevalI ke dhyAna kaise? mana kI eka nizcita ekAgra avasthA ko dhyAna kahate haiN| kevalI ke mana kA abhAva hotA hai, to phira kevalI meM dhyAna kaise ghaTita hogA? jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki Agama meM tIna prakAra ke yogoM ke vyApAra ko dhyAna batAyA hai| (mAtra mana vizeSa hI dhyAna hai aisA nahIM, parantu vacana aura kAyA ke vyApAra ko bhI dhyAna kahA hai) kyoMki mana, vacana aura kAya rUpa vidyamAna kAraNoM ke sudRDha prayatna se jo vyApAra hotA hai, use jinezvaroM ne dhyAna kahA hai| mana ke nirodhamAtra ko hI dhyAna nahIM mAnA hai aura mana ke abhAva meM jinezvara ke mana saMbaMdhI aura vacana saMbaMdhI dhyAna nahIM hotA hai, parantu kAyayoga ke nirodha ke prayatna rUpa svabhAva vAlA dhyAna to hotA hI hai| chadmastha ke manonirodha mAtra rUpa prayatna dhyAna hai to jinezvaroM ke kAyayoga nirodha prayatna rUpa dhyAna hai| 188 pUrvapakSa - jo jinezvaroM ke mana kA abhAva hone para bhI chadmastha ke samAna sUkSmakriyAnivRtyAdi dhyAna mAnate haiM, to soye hue jIva ke bhI dhyAna mAnanA caahie| (mana kA abhAva to vahAM bhI hai|) uttarapakSa - soye hue jIva ke kAyayoga nirodha karane rUpa prayatna kA sadbhAva nahIM hotA hai, isase usake dhyAna nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| jabaki jinezvaroM ke kAyanirodha ke prayatnoM kA sadbhAva hotA hai, isase unameM dhyAna batAyA hai|189 pUrvapakSa - mana ke abhAva meM jinezvaroM ke kAya-nirodha ke prayatna kA sadabhAva kaise hotA hai? kyoMki soye hue vyakti ke to kiMcit mAtra mana hotA hai, jinezvaroM ke to vaha bhI nahIM hotA hai| ataH jaba soye hue vyakti meM dhyAna nahIM hai to jinezvaroM meM kaise hogA? uttarapakSa - yaha sahI hai ki mana rUpa karaNamAtrAnusAra jJAnavAle chadmastha ke suptAvasthA meM mana ke abhAva meM kAya nirodha ke prayatna kA bhI abhAva hai| parantu jinezvara ke lie yaha kahanA yogya nahIM hai, kyoMki mana kA abhAva hote hue bhI unake kevalajJAna hai| jaise ki mana mAtra ke prayatna ko chadmastha meM dhyAna mAnA hai, to kevalajJAna se vihita kAyayoga nirodha prayatna vAle jinezvara meM kaise nahIM hogA, arthAt hogA hii| bhavastha kevalI ke cintA kA abhAva hote hue bhI hamezA sUkSma kriyA nivRtti aura usake bAda kriyA pratipAti yaha do dhyAna mAne haiM, kyoMki usa avasthA meM tathAvidha jIva ke svabhAva se, pUrvavihita dhyAna ke saMskArAdi se, karma nirjarA ke hetu se tathA 'dhyai' dhAturUpa zabda ke bahuta artha hone se jinezvaroM ke Agama meM do dhyAna kahe haiN| 90 186. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 6, 1.9-8.16, pR. 414-417 187. sarvArthasiddhi 9.44, tattvArtharAjavArtika 9.44 188. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 3070 se 3073 189. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 3074 se 3075 190. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 3076 se 3080

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zaileSI avasthA (vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3065 se 3069) saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [475] pUrvapakSa - jaba amanaska kevalI ke dhyAna mAnate haiM to siddha bhI amanaska hote haiM, unameM bhI dhyAna mAnanA cAhie? uttarapakSa - siddhoM meM kAraNa ke abhAva se prayatna nahIM hotA hai aura na hI kisI bhI prakAra ke yoga kA nirodha karanA zeSa hai, isalie siddhoM meM dhyAna nahIM hotA hai|91 siddha avasthA kI prApti zailezI avasthA meM svalpakAla taka pAMca hrasvAkSaroM - 'a i u R lu kA' uccAraNa kiyA jAe, (yaha uccAraNa na atizIghra hotA hai, na pralamba, kintu madhyama bhAva meM hotA hai) itane kAla taka kevalI (asaMkhyAta samaya pramANa antarmuhUrta kAla) samucchinna kriyA anivRtti nAmaka zukladhyAna ke caturthapAda ke dhyAna meM lIna banA huA anagAra vedanIya, AyuSya, nAma aura gotra - ina cAra aghAtI karmoM ko bhogate haiN| zailezI avasthA meM asaMkhyAta guNa zreNiyoM se prApta tInoM karmoM ke asaMkhyAta karma skandhoM kI pradeza aura vipAka se nirjarA kara carama samaya meM manuSyagati, paMcendriyajAti, trasanAma, bAdaranAma, paryAptanAma, subhaganAma, AdeyanAma, sAtA aura asAtA vedanIya kI donoM meM se eka, manuSyAyu, uccagotra, yazanAma, jinanAma aura manuSyAnupUrvI ina teraha prakRtiyoM ko tIrthaMkara evaM jo tIrthaMkara nahIM hai arthAt jinanAma kA udaya nahIM ve bAraha prakRtiyoM kA kSaya carama samaya meM karate haiN| ina cAra aghAti karmoM ko yugapat (eka sAtha) kSaya karate hI audArika, taijasa aura kArmaNa ina tIna zarIroM kA pUrNatayA sadA ke liye tyAga kara dete haiN|192 kevalI jitane AkAza pradezoM ko avagAhita karake rahe hue haiM utane hI AkAza pradezoM kA Upara Rju zreNI se avagAhate hue aspRzyamAna gati se (dUsare samaya aura pradeza kA sparza na karate hue arthAt nahIM rukate hue) eka samaya kI avigrahagati se Upara siddhi gati meM jAkara sAkAra kevalajJAna upayoga se upayukta siddha ho jAte haiM, buddha ho jAte haiM, samasta karmoM se mukta ho jAte haiM, saba prakAra kI karmAgni ko sarvathA bujhA kara zAnta ho jAte haiM, sabhI du:khoM kA anta kara dete haiN| jaise agni se jale hue bIjoM se punaH aMkura utpanna nahIM hote usI prakAra karma bIja ke jala jAne se siddha punaH janma grahaNa nahIM krte| siddhigati meM ye siddha bhagavAn sadA ke lie azarIrI, jIva ghana (ghanIbhUta jIva pradeza vAle) darzana jJAna se upayukta, kRtakRtya, nIraja, niSkampa, vitimira (karma rUpa andhakAra se rahita) aura vizuddha bane rahate haiN| sabhI duHkhoM se nistIrNa, janma-jarA aura maraNa ke bandhana se mukta, ye siddha zAzvata avyAbAdha sukha se sadaiva sukhI rahate haiN|193 siddha jIva ke sambandha meM jijJAsA-samAdhAna jaba jIva siddha ho jAtA hai, buddha ho jAtA hai, samasta karmoM se mukta ho jAtA hai, saba prakAra kI karmAgni ko sarvathA bujhA kara zAnta ho jAtA hai, sabhI duHkhoM kA anta kara Urdhvaloka meM lokAnta meM jAkara siddha ho jAtA hai| prazna - jIva lokAnta taka kaise jAtA hai? uttara - loka kA antima bhAga jahA~ se alokAkAza kA prArambha hotA hai| loka ke usa aMtima bhAga ke sthAna kA nAma siddhigati yA siddhAlaya hai| isa sthAna para jIva Urdhvagati se gamana karatA huA binA moDa liye sarala sIdhI rekhA meM gamana karatA huA apane deha tyAga ke sthAna se eka samaya mAtra 191. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 3081 192. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 3082 se 3085

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[476] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana meM siddha zilA para pahu~ca kara avasthita ho jAtA hai| jIva kI vaha sarva karma vimukta dazA siddha avasthA athavA siddhi gati kahalAtI hai / saba karmoM kA bandhana TUTate hI jIva meM cAra bAteM ghaTita hotI haiM - 1. aupazamika Adi bhAvoM kA kSaya honA 2. zarIra kA chUTa jAnA 3. mAtra eka samaya meM siddha zilA se Upara taka Urdhva gati se gamana 4. lokAnta meM avsthiti| prazna -mukta jIva Urdhva dizA meM hI gamana kyoM karatA hai? tathA usa gamana kriyA ke kyA kAraNa haiM? uttara - jIva ke Urdhva dizA meM gati karane ke kAraNa ye haiM - 1. parva prayoga - "pUrva" yAnI pahale ke prayoga se| prayoga kA yahA~ artha hai "aaveg"| jisa prakAra kumhAra kA cAka (pahiyA yA cakra) daNDa ko haTA lene ke bAda bhI kucha dera taka svayaM hI ghUmatA rahatA hai| usI prakAra mukta jIva bhI pahale ke bandhe hue karmoM ke chUTa jAne ke bAda bhI unake nimitta se prApta Avega ke dvArA gati karatA hai| 2. saMga rahitatA - jIva kI svAbhAvika gati Urdhva hai kintu karmoM ke saMga (sambandha) ke kAraNa use nIcI athavA tirachI gati bhI karanI par3atI hai| karmoM kA saMga tathA sambandha TUTate hI vaha apanI svAbhAvika Urdhva gati se gamana karatA hai| 3. bandhana kA TUTanA - saMsArI avasthA meM jIva karmoM ke bandhana se bandhA rahatA hai| usa bandhana ke TUTate hI jIva apanI svAbhAvika Urdhva gati se gamana karatA hai| 4. tathAgati pariNAma - jIva kI svAbhAvika gati Urdhva hI hai arthAt Urdhva gamana jIva kA svabhAva hI hai|194 jIva ke Urdhva gamana svabhAva ko samajhAne ke liye jJAtA sUtra ke sAtaveM adhyayana meM tumbe kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra sUkhe tumbe para DorI lapeTa kara aura usa para ATha bAra miTTI kA lepa kara use gahare pAnI meM chor3a diyA jAya to vaha bhArI hone ke kAraNa pAnI ke tala meM pahu~ca jAtA hai, kintu jyoM jyoM miTTI kA lepa galatA jAtA hai tyoM tyoM vaha tumbA halakA hokara Upara uThane lagatA hai| saba lepa gala jAne para vaha sIdhA uTha kara pAnI kI sataha para A jAtA hai| isI prakAra karmoM se mukta AtmA bhI karmabandha ke TUTate hI Urdhvagamana karatA hai| dUsarA dRSTAnta agni zikhA kA diyA jAtA hai - agnizikhA kA svabhAva Urdhva gamana hai| usI prakAra mukta AtmA kA svabhAva bhI Urdhva gamana hai| tIsarA dRSTAnta eraNDa ke bIja kA diyA jAtA hai| jaise kI eraNDa ke bIja para lagA huA phala kA AvaraNa sUkhane para phaTa jAtA hai, to bIja turanta hI uchala kara Upara ko jAtA hai isI prakAra karma mukta AtmA bhI Upara kI ora jAtI hai|95 prazna - yadi mukta AtmA kA svabhAva Urdhva gamana kA hai to vaha lokAnta para jAkara hI kyoM rUka jAtA hai? Age aloka meM gamana kyoM nahIM karatA? uttara - ThANAGga sUtra ke cauthe ThANe meM batalAyA hai ki cAra kAraNoM se jIva aura pudgala loka ke bAhara nahIM jA sakate haiM - 1. Age gati kA abhAva hone se, 2. upagraha (dharmAstikAya) kA abhAva hone se, 3. loka ke anta meM paramANu ke atyaMta rUkSa ho jAne se, 4. aura anAdi kAla kA svabhAva hone se| isa prakAra ina cAra kAraNoM se mukta jIva aloka meM nahIM jA sakatA, isaliye lokAnta meM jAkara siddha sthAna meM hI Thahara jAtA hai| 193. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 3088, prajJApanAsUtra, 36vAM samudghAta pada, uttarAdhyayanasUtra, a. 29.73 194. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 3140-3141 195. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 3142-3144

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [477] prazna - jaba jIva kA svabhAva Urdhvagamana kA hai to phira nIcA tirachA kyoM jAtA hai? uttara - jIva kA svabhAva to Urdhvagamana kA hI hai, kintu karma udaya sahita jIva jaba cAroM gatiyoM meM se kisI eka gati meM jAtA hai taba AnupUrvI nAma karma ke udaya ke vaza jIva nIcA, tirachA jAtA hai| prazna - AnupUrvI nAma karma kisako kahate haiM? uttara - jisa prakAra UMTa yA baila sIdhI sar3aka se jAtA hai| kintu jaba usakA mAlika apane kheta Adi meM le jAtA hai taba UMTa kI nakela aura baila kI natha (nAtha) ko khIMca kara apane iSTa sthAna kheta Adi para le jAtA hai isI prakAra jIva jaba eka bhava kA AyuSya pUrA kara dUsare bhava meM jAtA hai taba AnupUrvI nAma karma kA udaya hotA hai| vaha usa jIva ko khIMca kara usa sthAna para le jAtA hai jahA~ kA AyuSya bAMdha rakhA hai| yaha jIva kI paravazatA hai| prazna - AnupUrvI nAma karma ke kitane bheda haiM aura vaha kaba udaya meM AtA hai? uttara - AnupUrvI nAmakarma ke cAra bheda haiM, yathA narakAnupUrvI nAmakarma, tiryaJcAnupUrvI, manuSyAnupUrvI aura devAnupUrvI / apane AyuSya bandha ke anusAra jIva ko ye AnupUrviyAM usa usa gati meM le jAtI haiN| isaliye jIva kI nIcI aura tirachI gati hotI hai| isa karma kA udaya taba hI hotA hai jaba jIva ko nayA janma lene ke liye viSama zreNi meM rahe hue janma sthAna ke vigraha gati (mor3a vAlI gati) dvArA apane naye janma sthAna para jAtA hai| isa karma kA udaya vigraha gati meM hI hotA hai| ataH isakA adhika se adhika udaya kAla tIna yA cAra samaya mAtra kA hai| samazreNi se gamana karate samaya AnupUrvI nAma karma udaya kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai| siddhoM ke rahane kA sthAna uttarAdhyayana sUtra (adhyayana 36) ke anusAra sarvArthasiddha vimAna ke bAraha yojana Upara uttAna chatra ke AkAra kI ISatprAgbhArA pRthvI paiMtAlIsa lAkha yojana lambI hai aura utanI hI arthAt paiMtAlIsa lAkha yojana hI vistIrNa (caur3I) hai| vaha siddhazilA madhya meM ATha yojana moTI kahI gaI hai aura cAroM ora se kama hotI huI anta meM makkhI ke paMkha se bhI patalI ho gaI hai| usa sItA (ISatprArabhArA) pRthvI se eka yojana Upara loka kA anta kahA gayA hai, vahA~ yojana kA jo Upara vAlA kosa hai, usa kosa ke chaThe bhAga meM siddhoM kI avagAhanA (avasthiti) hai, saMsAra ke prapaMca se mukta siddhirUpa zreSTha gati ko prApta hue mahA bhAgyazAlI siddha bhagavAn vahA~ loka ke agrabhAga para pratiSThita-virAjamAna haiN| saba zAzvata vastuoM kA parimANa pramANa aMgula se batalAyA gayA hai| kintu jo yahA~ para batalAyA gayA hai ki - ISataprAgbhArA pRthvI se eka yojana Upara loka kA anta hotA hai| yaha Upara kA eka yojana utsedhAMgula se lenA caahiye| usa yojana ke (cAra kosa kA eka yojana) Upara ke kosa ke chaThe bhAga meM siddha bhagavantoM kA avasthAna hai| cAra gati ke jIvoM kI avagAhanA utsedhAMgula se batAI gaI hai| manuSyoM kI utkRSTa avagAhanA vAle arthAt 500 dhanuSya vAle siddha ho sakate haiN| una 500 dhanuSya vAloM kI avagAhanA siddha avasthA meM 333 dhanuSya aura 32 aGgala (eka hAtha ATha aGgala) hI hotI hai| yaha siddhoM kI utkRSTa avagAhanA hai| isaliye Upara ke eka yojana kA parimANa utsedha aGgala se lene para yaha siddhoM kI avagAhanA ThIka baiTha sakatI hai| utsedha aGgala se pramANa aGgala 1000 guNA bar3A hotA hai| caubIsa aMguloM kA eka hAtha hotA hai| cAra hAtha kA eka dhanuSa hotA hai| do hajAra dhanuSa kA eka kosa hotA hai| isakA chaThA bhAga 32 aMgula yukta 333 dhanuSa hotA hai| itanI jagaha meM siddhoM kA nivAsa hai|

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[478] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jIva ke siddha hone ke bAda kI avagAhanA jaghanya do hAtha evaM utkRSTa 500 dhanuSya ke avagAhanA vAle manuSya siddha hote haiN| tIrthaGkara bhagavantoM kI jaghanya avagAhanA sAta hAtha se kama kI nahIM hotI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra (adhyayana 36, gAthA 65) ke anusAra jisa bhava meM jIva siddha hotA hai usakI jitanI avagAhanA hotI hai usake tIna vibhAga karane para siddha kI avagAhanA do bhAga rahatI hai eka bhAga kama ho jAtI hai| ata: sAmAnya kevalI (do hAtha kI avagAhanA vAle) kI siddha avasthA meM eka hAtha ATha aGgala avagAhanA raha jAtI hai| yaha siddha kI avagAhanA sAmAnya kevalI kI apekSA jaghanya hai| tIrthaGkara bhagavantoM kI apekSA siddha bhagavantoM kI avagAhanA cAra hAtha solaha aGgala raha jAtI hai| yaha tIrthaGkaroM kI apekSA siddhoM kI jaghanya avagAhanA hai| utkRSTa pAMca sau dhanuSya vAloM kI apekSA siddhoM kI utkRSTa avagAhanA tIna sau tetIsa dhanuSya battIsa aGgala (eka hAtha ATha aGgala) raha jAtI hai| isa prakAra siddhoM kI jaghanya avagAhanA do prakAra kI utkRSTa avagAhanA eka prakAra kI kahanI caahiye| isake bIca kI jitanI avagAhanA hai ve saba madhyama avagAhanA hai| isaliye madhyama avagAhanA eka prakAra kI nahIM kahanI caahiye| jaise ki - bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI avagAhanA nau hAtha kI thii| siddha avasthA meM chaha hAtha kI avagAhanA raha gaI hai / isa prakAra eka hAtha ATha aGgala se Upara kI avagAhanA se lekara tIna sau tetIsa dhanuSya battIsa aGgala se kucha kama taka saba madhyama avagAhanA hai| siddhoM kA sukha uttarAdhyayanasUtra (adhyayana 36, gAthA 67) ke anusAra siddha jIva arUpI jIva pradezoM se saghana jJAna-darzana sahita haiM aura aise atula sukha ko, prApta hue haiM, jisakI upamA nahIM dI jA sakatI arthAt siddha bhagavAn aise ananta Atmika sukha yukta haiM ki jisakI upamA saMsAra ke kisI bhI padArtha se nahIM dI jA sktii| siddhAvasthA meM jIva kI sthiti jIva jisa avasthA meM siddha hotA hai, kyA vahI avasthA siddha hone ke bAda bhI rahatI hai athavA parivartita hotI hai? isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki kevalI samudghAta khaDe, baiThe, sokara kisI bhI Asana se kiyA jA sakatA hai| prathama ke cAra samaya meM avagAhanA kA vikocana evaM antima cAra samayoM meM avagAhanA kA saMkocana karate haiN| siddhAvagAhanA kA nirmANa karane ke lie zarIra gata AtmapradezoM kA saMkocana to kevalIsamudghAta meM nahIM hokara yoga nirodha ke samaya zukla dhyAna ke tIsare pAye meM teharaveM guNasthAna meM hotA hai| zarIra soyA, baiThA, ghANI meM pilatA kisI bhI sthiti meM ho AtmapradezoM kA ghana khar3A hI banatA hai| kyoMki Agama me avagAhanA kA paryAyavAcI zabda 'uccatta' (uccatva) milatA hai, jisakA artha UMcAI hotA hai| isa pATha se evaM aupapAtika prajJApanAdi meM siddhagaNDikA kI bAvIsa gAthAoM meM se cauthI gAthA meM carama bhava meM lambA (dIrgha) yA ThiganA (hrasva), bar3A, choTA jaisA bhI AkAra hotA hai, usase tihAI bhAga kama meM siddhoM kI avagAhanA hotI hai| dIhaM vA hassaM vA, jaM carimabhave haveja saMThANaM, tatto tibhAgahINaM, siddhANogAhaNA bhnniyaa| 96 arthAt jaisA saMsthAna hotA hai, usase tribhAga hIna siddhoM kI avagAhanA hotI hai| isa gAthA meM dIrghatA aura hrasvatA se tribhAgahIna siddhoM kI avagAhanA batAyI gayI hai| isa Agama pATha ke AdhAra para hI siddhoM kI khar3I avagAhanA samajhI jAtI hai| anya Asana mAnane para uccatva tribhAganyUna se bhI kama

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saptama adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [479] ho jAtA hai| jo AgamakAroM ko iSTa nahIM hai| ataH siddhoM kI avagAhanA khar3I samajhanA hI AgamAnusAra hai| niSadyAsana se siddha hue bhagavAna mahAvIra kI avagAhanA bhI uparyukta kAraNa se cAra hAtha solaha aMgula kI samajhI jAtI hai| ataH sote, baiThate, ghANI meM pilate, ulTe, sIdhe kisI bhI avasthA meM siddha hone para bhI khar3A AkAra hI rahatA hai / usameM bhI mastaka lokAgra kI ora tathA pAMva nIce kI ora rahate haiN| kubjaka saMsthAna vAloM kI bhI khar3I avagAhanA hI samajhI jAtI hai| kevalI ke upayoga kI carcA upayoga bAraha hote haiM, haiM yathA- pAMca jJAna, tIna ajJAna evaM cAra darzana / inameM se 5 jJAna 3 ajJAna ko sAkAropayoga - vizeSopayoga kahate haiN| cAra darzana ko anAkAra upayoga yA darzanopayoga - sAmAnya upayoga kahate haiM / inameM se kevalI bhagavAn meM do upayoga pAye jAte haiM - kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana / kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ke upayoga ke sambandha meM AcAryoM kI vibhinna avadhAraNAeM rahI haiN| isa sambandha meM tIna mata prApta hote haiM- 1. kramavAda, 2. yugapadvAda, 3. abhedavAda / jinabhadragaNi ne vizeSaNavatI meM tInoM pakSoM kI carcA kI hai, kiMtu kisI pravaktA kA nAmollekha nahIM kiyaa| 197 jinadAsa mahattara ne naMdIcUrNi meM vizeSaNavatI kI inhIM gAthAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| lekina kisa mata kA kauna AcArya samarthana karatA hai, isakA ullekha nahIM kiyA / 198 haribhadrasUri ne cUrNigata vizeSaNavatI kI gAthAoM kA ullekha karate hue AcAryoM ke nAmollekha kiye haiN| unake anusAra yugapadvAda ke samarthaka AcArya siddhasena, kramavAda ke samarthaka jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa aura abhedavAda ke samarthaka vRddhAcArya haiN| 9 malayagiri ne haribhadra sUri kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| 200 AcArya AtmArAmajI mahArAja ne bhI siddhasena divAkara ko yugapavAda kA samarthaka mAnA hai / 201 isake lie Apane yaha pramANa prastuta kiyA hai ki 'etena yadavAdId vAdIsiddhasenadivAkaro yathA - kevalI bhagavAn yugapajjAnAti pazyati ceti tadapyapAstamavagantavyamanena sUtreNa sAkSAd yukti pUrva jJAnadarzanopayogasya kramazo vyavasthApitatvAt / '202 sanmatitarka ke TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ne uparyukta matoM ke samarthaka AcAryoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha nimna prakAra se kiyA hai| 203 kramavAda ke samarthaka jinabhadra, yugapavAda ke samarthaka mallavAdI aura abhedavAda ke samarthaka siddhasena divAkara | kramavAda ke viSaya meM haribhadra aura abhayadeva eka jaisA ullekha karate haiM / yugapadvAda aura abhedavAda ke bAre meM donoM ne bhinna AcAryoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / siddhasena abhedavAda ke pravaktA haiM, yaha sanmatitarka se spaSTa hai| unheM yugapadvAda kA pravaktA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isa sthiti meM yugapadvAda ke pravaktA ke rUpa meM mallavAdI kA nAmollekha saMgata ho sakatA hai| kintu upalabdha dvAdazAra nayacakra meM isa viSaya kA koI ullekha nahIM hai / abhayadeva ne kisa graMtha ke AdhAra para isakA ullekha kiyA, vaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA 1204 arvAcIna vidvAna paM. sukhalAlajI saMghavI 205 DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA' bhI siddhasena divAkara ko abhedavAda kA kartA svIkAra karate haiN| paM. sukhalAlajI 196. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, aupapAtika sUtra, gAthA 4, pR. 178 197. vizeSaNavatI, gAthA 153, 154 198. naMdIcUrNi pR. 46-48 199. hAribhadrIya vRtti pR. 48 200. malayAgirIyA vRtti pR. 134 201. AcArya AtmArAma. ma., naMdIsUtra, pR. 155 203. sanmatiprakaraNa TIkA pR. 608 205. jJAnabinduprakaraNa, prastAvanA pR. 58 202. malayagirivRtti, prajJApanA sUtra, pada 30 204. gaNAdhipati tulasI, naMdI, pR. 76 206. DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA, jaina dharma-darzana eka samIkSAtmaka paricaya, pR. 295

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[480] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana saMghavI ne jJAnabinduprakaraNa, prastAvanA meM haribhadra sUri aura abhayadevasUri meM kisa kAraNa se bhinnanatA pAI jAtI hai, ityAdi viSaya para vistAra se caryA kI hai| 1. abhedavAda sanmatitarka ke racayitA siddhasena divAkara kI mAnyatA hai ki-kevalI bhagavAn ke sAkAropayoga aura anAkAropayoga - kevalajJAna kevaladarzana donoM eka sAtha prayukta hote haiM arthAt kevalI nizcita rUpa se eka samaya meM jAnate-dekhate haiM, chadmastha nhiiN| kyoMki jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIya donoM karmoM kA kSaya yugapad hotA hai| yadi kSaya sAtha meM hotA hai to kSaya se hone vAle upayoga meM 'yaha pahale hotA hai aura yaha bAda meM hotA hai' isa prakAra kA bheda kaise sambhava hai?208 kyoMki jaba jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa eka sAth kSaya hone se kAla kA bheda nahIM hai, taba yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki pahale kevaladarzana hotA hai, phira kevalajJAna hotA hai| yadi kaheM kI donoM yugapad hote haiM to bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki eka sAtha do upayoga ho nahIM sakate haiN| ataH isa samasyA ke nirAkaraNa ke lie yahI mAnanA ucita hai ki kevalI avasthA meM darzana aura jJAna meM bheda nahIM hotA hai| kevalajJAna se hI sabhI viSayoM kA jJAna ho jAtA hai, taba kevaladarzana kA koI prayojana nahIM rahatA hai arthAt kevalajJAna hone para kevaladarzana kI sattA vilupta ho jAtI hai| 2. yugapadvAda kevalI meM darzana aura jJAnAtmaka upayoga pratyeka kSaNa meM yugapad hotA hai| jaise sUrya kA prakAza aura tApa eka sAtha rahate haiM usI prakAra kevalI meM darzana aura jJAna eka sAtha rahate haiM209 arthAt nirAvaraNa jJAna-darzana bhI eka sAtha apane-apane viSaya ko grahaNa karate haiM, kramaza: nhiiN| pUjyapAda ke anusAra - jJAna sAkAra hai,darzana anAkAra hai| chadmastha meM ve kramazaH hote haiM, kevalI meM yugapad hote haiM 10 __ muktAtmAoM meM suptAvasthA kI bhAMti bAhya jJeya viSayoM kA parijJAna nahIM hotA aisA sAMkhya loga kahate haiM unake khaNDanArtha jagattraya, kAlatrayavartI sarvapadArthoM ko yugapad jAnane vAle kevalajJAna ke sthApanArtha 'jJAnamaya' yaha vizeSaNa diyA hai| aisA hI varNana SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI prApta hotA hai| 12 jisa prakAra sUrya ke prakAza meM jitane padArtha samAviSTa hote haiM, una sabako vaha yugapad prakAzita karatA hai, vaise siddha parameSThI kA kevalajJAna saMpUrNa jJeyoM ko yugapad jAnatA hai|13 kevalajJAna sarvAMga se jAnatA hai jinhoMne sarvAMga sarva padArthoM ko jAna liyA hai ve siddha hai|14 yadi kahA jAya ki kevalI AtmA ke ekadeza se padArthoM kA grahaNa karatA hai, to yahI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki AtmA ke sabhI pradezoM meM vidyamAna AvaraNa karmoM kA nirmUla vinAza hotA hai| isalie kevala usake eka avayava se padArthoM kA grahaNa mAnane meM virodha AtA hai| ata: kevalI prApta aura aprApta sabhI padArthoM ko yugapada apane sabhI avayavoM se jAnatA hai| aisA hI varNana pravacanasAra216 meM bhI hai| 207. jJAnabinduprakaraNa, prastAvanA pR. 54-62 208. sanmatitarka prakaraNa 2.9 209. niyamasAra gAthA 159 210. tacchadmastheSu krameNa vrtte| nirAvaraNeSu yugapad / sarvArthasiddhi, 2.9 pR. 118 211. mukkAtmanA suptAvasthAvabahirjeyaviSaye parijJAnaM nAstiIti sAMkhyA vadanti, tanmatAnusAriziSyaM prati jagattrayakAlatrayavati 'sarvapadArthayugatparicchittirUpakevalajJAnasthApanArtha jnyaanmy-vishessnnN-kRtmiti| - paramAtmaprakAza, a. 1 gA. 1 pR. 6-7 212. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.82, pR. 346 213. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 2136, pR. 901 214. SaTkha NDAgama, pu. 1, sUtra 1.1.1 pR. 27 215. kasAyapAhuDaM, pu. 1, pR. 57-58 216. pravacanasAra (ta. pra.) pR. 47

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [481] chadmastha meM darzana aura jJAna ke viSaya meM zvetAmbara paramparA aura digambara paramparA donoM ekamata haiN| kevalI ke viSaya meM digambara paramparA eka mata se yugapadvAda kA samarthana kiyA hai, jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA me tIna mata prApta hote haiN| 3. kramavAda jIvoM ke upayoga kA svabhAva hI aisA hai ki vaha kramazaH hI hotA hai| pratyeka vastu meM do guNadharma hote haiM - sAmAnya aura vishess| donoM guNadharma krama pUrvaka hone para bhI vastu meM hara samaya do guNadharma hI kahe jAte haiN| jaise - eka paira ko uThAkara evaM dUsare ko nIce rakha kara calane para bhI do pAMvoM se calanA kahA jAtA hai- vaise hI yahA~ para bhI kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana rUpa AtmA ke vizeSa evaM sAmAnya guNa dharma sAtha meM utpanna hone para bhI unakI pravRtti kramazaH hotI hai| prathama samaya meM kevalajJAna dUsare samaya meM kevaladarzana kA upayoga hotA hai| AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne isa sambandha meM vistAra se siddhoM ke varNana meM carcA karate hue kramavAda kA samarthana Agamika pramANoM ke AdhAra para kiyA hai| usI carcA ko maladhArI hemacandra ne apanI TIkA meM tArkika rUpa se ullekhita kiyA hai| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzrAmaNa aura maladhArI hemacandra ke dvArA kramavAda ke upayoga ke sambandha meM jo carcA kI usakA sarAMza nimna prakAra se hai - siddha karma rahati hote haiM aura kevalI cAra aghAtI karma sahita hote haiM, mAtra itanA hI donoM meM antara hai, ata: jaisA ullekha jinabhadragaNi ne siddhoM ke lie kiyA hai, vaisA hI ullekha kevalI ke lie bhI samajha lenA caahie| kevalI bhagavAn ke sAkAropayoga (kevalajJAna) aura anAkAropayoga (kevaladarzana) kramaza: prayukta hote haiN| prajJApanAsUtra Adi AgamoM ke anusAra sAkAra upayoga meM hI jIva siddha hotA hai-17 kevalajJAnI jAnatA aura dekhatA hai (jANai aura pAsai), ina do kriyAoM kA prayoga AgamoM meM spaSTa rUpa se milatA hai 18 bhagavatIsUtra, prajJApanAsUtra Adi meM kevalajJAna ko sAkAra upayoga aura kevaladarzana ko anAkAra-upayoga batalAyA gayA hai| ataH siddhoM (kevalI) meM yugapad (eka sAtha do) upayoga svIkAra kareMge, to isase prajJApanA sUtra kA uparyukta varNana nirarthaka ho jaaegaa|20 kevalI (siddhoM) meM sAkAra-anAkAra upayogamaya lakSaNa batAyA hai aura siddhAnta meM jJAna-darzana kA spaSTa rUpa se alaga-alaga ullekha hai| isalie sAkAra-anAkAra upayoga samAna kaise ho sakate haiM? donoM meM samAnatA mAnane se jJAna-darzana rUpa bAraha prakAra ke (matijJAnAdi ATha sAkAra aura cakSudarzanAdi cAra anAkAra) upayoga kaise ghaTita hoMge?221 kevalajJAna-kevaladarzana kA pRthak bhAva mAnane meM AtA hai to bhI koI doSa nahIM, kyoMki siddhAtmA darzana se aura jJAna se upayukta kahalAtI hai|22 sabhI kevaliyoM ke eka samaya meM kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana dono meM se eka upayoga hotA hai| isalie bhadrabAhusvAmI ne yugapad upayoga kA niSedha kiyA hai| 23 217. sAgArovautte sijjhati bujjhtiH| - prajJApanA sUtra bhAga 3, pada 36, pR. 291, uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 29 sU. 73 218. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, bhagavatIsUtra, bhAga 2, zataka 8, u. 2, pR. 285 219. yuvAcArya, madhukaramuni, bhagavatIsUtra bhAga 3, za. 16 u. 7, pR. 580, prajJApanAsUtra bhAga 3, pada 29, pR. 153 220. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 3089 se 3090 221. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 3089 se 3094 222. asarIrA jIvaghaNA uvauttA dasaNe ya nANe y| vizeSAvazyakabhASya bhAga 2, maladhArI hemacandra TIkA, pR. 251 223. nANammi daMsaNammi a itto egayarayammi uvutto| savvasa kevalissA jugavaM do natthi uvogaa| - Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 979, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3096

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 1. sabhI kevaliyoM ke yugapad do upayoga nahIM hote haiM / paraMtu kisI ke do hote haiM aura kisI ke eka hotA hai| jaise ki bhavastha kevalI ke eka samaya meM eka aura siddhakevalI ke eka samaya meM do upayoga ho sakate haiN| kintu aisA bhI kahanA ayogya hai, kyoki siddhoM ke adhikAra meM yugapad do upayoga kA niSedha kiyA hai arthAt 'nANammi daMsaNammi ya... ' gAthA 3096 se eka samaya meM eka upayoga siddha hai| ataH sabhI kevaliyoM meM yugapad do upayoga nahIM hote haiM 24 2. '...uvauttA daMsaNe ya nANe yatti / bhaNiyaM, to jugavaM so...' gAthA 3095 meM jJAna-darzana yugapad upayoga hotA hai, aisA jo kathana kiyA gayA hai, vaha kathana samuccaya kI apekSA se hai, kyoMki anaMta siddhoM meM se kisI siddha ke jJAnopayoga hotA hai to kisI siddha ke darzanopayoga hotA hai / parantu pratyeka siddha kI apekSA se eka samaya meM yugapad (ubhaya) upayoga kA niSedha kiyA hai 25 [482] 3. kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana avinAzI hone se sadA avasthita rahate haiN| isase unakA upayoga yugapad hotA hai| aisA mAnanA bhI ayogya hai| labdhi kI apekSA se kevalajJAna - kevaladarzana hamezA vidyamAna rahate haiN| isase dono kA upayoga bhI hamezA ho aisA niyama nahIM hai| kyoMki kevalajJAnakevaladarzana ke alAvA zeSa jJAna aura darzana kA upayoga sva-sva sthiti kAla paryanta nahIM hone se bhI unakI vidyamAnatA rahatI hai| isa pramANa se vidyamAna jJAna-darzana kA upayoga niraMtara hotA hai, aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai| prajJApanA sUtra ke anusAra labdhi rUpa meM sabhI upayoga sva-sva sthiti kAla paryanta vidyamAna rahate haiN| lekina bodhAtmaka upayoga to aMtarmuhUrta kA hI hotA hai 26 isI prakAra kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana bhI labdhi se to anaMtakAla taka sthAyI haiM, parantu upayoga se eka samaya kI hI sthitivAle hote haiM 27 4. eka samaya meM kevalajJAna kA upayoga aura dUsare samaya meM kevaladarzana kA upayoga isa prakAra kramazaH upayoga hotA hai, to jJAna aura darzana kA pratisamaya aMta hogA hai arthAt pratyeka samaya ke bAda kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kA bAra-bAra abhAva jaaegaa| isase siddhAnta meM kahe hue usake anaMtapane kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| dUsarI bAta vaha hai ki donoM kA krama milAne para kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana eka dUsare ke AvaraNa karane vAle hoge, kyoMki karmAvaraNa kA abhAva hone para bhI eka kA sadbhAva aura dUsare kA abhAva ho rahA hai, isase kevalajJAna ke anupayoga kAla meM asarvajJapanA aura kevaladarzana ke anupayoga kAla meM asarvadarzIpanA prApta hogaa| jinezvaroM meM asarvajJapanA aura asarvadarzIpanA mAnanA Apako ko iSTa nahIM hai| isa prakAra kI zaMkA bhI ayukta hai kyoMki isa prakAra to chadmastha meM bhI jJAna-darzana kA ekAntara upayoga mAnane se uparyukta sAre doSoM kI prApti hogI, kyoMki jJAna ke anupayoga ke samaya ajJAnitva aura darzana ke anupayoga ke samaya adarzitva AvaraNa kA mithyA kSaya aura niSkAraNa AvaraNatA ye doSa chadmastha bhI prApta hoMge 1228 5. kevalI to sarvathA AvaraNa se rahita hote haiM aura chadmastha sarvathA AvaraNa rahita nahIM hote haiN| isalie chadmastha ke jJAnadarzana ke yugapad upayoga meM bAdhA hai| jinezvara sarvathA AvaraNa rahita hone se unake yugapad upayoga meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai / isa tarka ko mAna bhI liyA jAe to bhI chadmastha ke deza se AvaraNa kA kSaya to hotA hI hai / ataH sabhI vastuoM ke viSaya meM jJAna darzana kA upayoga 224. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 3097-3098 225. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3099 226. sAgArovaDatte NaM bhaMte! pucchA ? goyamA ! jahaNNeNa vi ukkoseNa vi aMtomuhuttaM / aNAgArovautte vi eva ceva / yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, prajJApanA sUtra bhAga 2, pR. 358-359 228. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3102-3103 227. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3100-3101

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saptama adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [483] yugapad nahIM haiM, parantu deza se to ho sakatA hai| to chadmastha meM usakA niSedha kisa lie kiyA hai ? yadi chadmastha ke yugapad upayoga nahIM ho sakatA hai to kevalI ke bhI nahIM ho sakatA hai / 229 6. kevalI ko yadi kramazaH jJAna-darzana upayogavAlA mAneMge to jisa samaya jisa jJAna-darzana meM upayoga hogA vahI jJAna athavA darzana unake hogA aura jisa jJAna-darzana meM upayoga nahIM hogA vaha usa samaya meM kharazrRMga ke samAna anupalabdha hogA / aisA mAnanA bhI upayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki kyoMki chadmastha ke darzana trika (darzana, jJAna aura cAritra) kA yugapad upayoga nahIM hotA hai / isalie jo darzanAdi tIna meM se eka meM anupayukta hotA hai, to usako Apake anusAra sAdhu nahIM kaha sakate haiM, parantu loka meM aura siddhAnta meM usako sAdhu kahA jAtA hai| isalie krama se upayoga mAnane meM yaha dUSaNa prApta nahIM hotA hai / 'jahA~ upayoga nahIM hotA vahA~ avidyamAna hai' isa kathanAnusAra jJAna-darzana kI avidyamAtA prApta hogI aura aisA hone se jJAna darzana kA upayoga jo 66 sAgaropama se adhika kAla paryanta kahA hai, vaha bhI ayogya ho jaaegaa| lekina AgamoM meM cAra jJAna aura tIna darzanavAle chadmastha jaise gautamAdi prasiddha hI haiM / 230 7. bhagavatIsUtra ke zataka 18 uddezaka 1 ke anusAra 'kevalI NaM bhaMte! kevalovaogeNaM kiM paDhamA apaDhamA ? goyamA ! paDhamA no apaDhama tti' arthAt he bhagavan! kevalI kevalopayoga se prathama hai ki aprathama hai ? he gautama! prathama hai aprathama nhiiN| jisa jIva ne jo bhAva pahale bhI prApta kiye haiM, usake usakI apekSA se vaha bhAva aprathama hai| jaise jIva ko jIvatva ( jIvapana) anAdikAla se prApta hone ke kAraNa jIvatva kI apekSA se aprathama hai| jo bhAva jIva ko pahale kabhI prApta nahIM hue haiM. unheM prApta karanA, usa bhAva kI apekSA se prathama hai, jaise siddhatva prathama hai, kyoMki vaha jIva ko pahale bhI prApta nahIM huA thA / isI prakAra kevalI kevalopayoga (kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kA upayoga kevalopayoga) se prathama hai, aprathama nahIM hai, kyoMki unako vaha pahale prApta nahIM huA thaa| pahale prApta hue kA punaH dhvaMsa ( nAza) nahIM hotA hai, isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki unake hamezA ubhaya upayoga rahatA hai| jo krama se upayoga mAnate haiM to unake anusAra eka upayoga kA bAra-bAra nAza aura bAra-bAra utpAda hotA hai aura isase kevalI meM aprathamapanA prApta hotA hai / isakA samAdhAna karate hue jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki 'kevalopayoga' meM kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kA grahaNa kiyA hai| unameM eka upayoga anya se avyatirikta hone se unakI paraspara anarthAntaratA hotI hai, kyoMki jJAna- darzana eka hI vastu hai / yaha hamAre anukUla hai 231 8. 'kevalopayoga se' kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kA grahaNa karake kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana meM eka rUpatA dikhAI hai| athavA eka hI kSAyikajJAna rUpa vastu ko kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana rUpa paryAya zabda se vizeSita kiyA jAtA hai, lokavyavahAra meM bhI karake indra, paTa, vRkSa Adi vastuoM ko sva-sva paryAvAcI zabdoM se vizeSita kiyA hai| to phira yahA~ kevalopayoga ko bhI aise paryAya zabda se vizeSita mAnane meM kyA bAdhA hai ? yaha pramANa bhI Agama ke viparIta hai| kyoMki bhagavatIsUtra, prajJApanAsUtra Adi meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki jinezvara paramANu aura ratnaprabhA Adi vastuoM ko jisa samaya jAnate haiM, usa samaya dekhate nahIM haiM / parantu anya samaya jAnate haiM aura anya samaya dekhate haiN| jaise ki bhagavatI sUtra ke anusAra - he bhagavan ! paramAvadhi jJAnavAle manuSya jisa samaya paramANu pudgala 229 vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3104-3105 230. vazeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3106-3107 231. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3108-3109 232. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, bhagavatI sUtra bhAga 3, zataka 18 u. 8, pR. 732-735

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[484] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana jAnate haiM kyA usI samaya dekhate haiM? aura jisa samaya dekhate haiM kyA usI samaya jAnate haiM? he gautama ! tumhArA yaha artha yogya nahIM hai| he bhagavan ! aisA kisa kAraNa se kahA hai? he gautama! usameM se sAkAra jJAna hotA hai aura anAkAra darzana hotA hai, isa lie aisA kahA hai| isa prakAra siddhAnta meM bhI yugapad upayoga kA niSedha kiyA hai, phira bhI jo kramaza: upayoga nahIM mAnate haiM, yaha unakA kadAgraha hI hai|33 9. bhagavatIsUtra meM kevalI ke yugapad do upayoga kA niSedha kiyA hai, isa prasaMga meM hama to 'kevalI' zabda kA artha 'chadmastha' karate haiN| jaiseki 'kevalI iva kevalI' kevalI jaise kevalI arthAt jo kevalI nahIM hai phira bhI kevalI ke samAna hai, ve kevalI haiN| yahA~ para 'iva' zabda kA lopa karake kevalI kA uparyukta artha karate haiN| athavA 'kevalI zAstA'syeti kevalimAn' kevalI jisakoM zikSA detA hai, ve kevalI hai, isa prakAra 'matup' pratyaya kA lopa karake aisA artha kiyA jAtA haiN| aise chadmastha kevalI ke AgamakAroM ne yugapad do upayoga kA niSedha kiyA hai, nirupacarita kevalI ke nhiiN| dUsare phira aisA kahate haiM ki bhagavatIsUtra meM kevalI ke yugapad upayoga kA niSedha karane kA jo sUtra hai, vaha anyadarzana kI vaktavyatA ke saMbaMdha meM hai| kyoMki yaha kisI prasaMga meM batAyA hai| lekina hameM (pratipakSI ko) yaha mAnya nahIM hai| isa kAraNa se kevalI ke kramaza: do upayoga se hama (pratipakSI) sahamata nahIM haiN| jibhadragaNi ke anusAra pUrvokta bhagavatI sUtra ke kA asamIcI artha karake paravAdI yugapad do upayoga ko hI svIkAra kara rahe haiM, unakA kathana sarvathA ayogya hai| kyoMki bhagavatI ke aThArahaveM zataka ke AThaveM udadezaka meM prathama chadmastha Aghovadhika kA nirdeza karane ke bAda kevalI kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai 34 isa kAraNa se yukti rahita hokara mAtra dhUrtatA pUrvaka 'iva' aura 'matup' pratyaya kA lopa karake 'kevalI' zabda kA artha chadmastha karanA paravAdiyoM kA mAtra kadAgraha hI hai| yadi isa prasaMga meM AgamakAroM ko chadmastha iSTa hotA to usa sthAna para kevalI zabda kA prayoga nahIM karake chadmastha ke yogya zabda kA prayoga karake usako hI kA nirdeza kara dete 35 10. kucha pratipakSI kahate haiM ki anyadarzana saMbadhI vaktavyatA ke lie yaha sUtra hai-36 to unakI bhI zaMkA kA nivAraNa jinabhadragaNi nimna prakAra se karate haiM - gAthA 3112 meM diye gaye pramANa se kramopayoga kI spaSTa rUpa se siddhi hote hue bhI jo pratipakSI aisA kahate haiM ki yaha niSedha sUtra anyadarzana se saMbaMdhita hai| unakI kaisI viparIta buddhi hai? kyoMki bhagavatI sUtra37 ke za. 25 u. 6 meM snAtaka ke do meM se eka upayoga pragaTa hotA hai| yaha pramANa sarvajJabhASita sUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai| yaha sUtra meM anyadarzana saMbaMdhI vaktavyatA ke lie kahA hai aisA kaise kahate haiM?238 isa prakAra AgamoM meM sabhI sthaloM para ekatara (kramazaH) upayoga vAle jIvoM kA hI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| parantu kisI bhI sthUla meM ubhaya upayoga vAle jIva ke bAre meM kathana nahIM kiyA hai| yadi kisI bhI kevalI ke kisI bhI kAla meM do upayoga hote to ubhaya upayoga vAle jIvoM kA pratipAdana karane ke lie kahIM nA kahIM AgamakAra eka to sUtra kA ullekha karate hii| lekina aisA eka bhI sUtra nahIM dekhA gayA hai| isI prakAra sAkAra-anAkAra ina do upayogavAle jIvoM kI alpabahutva prajJApanAsUtra-40 meM batAI hai| lekina yugapad ubhaya upayoga vAle jIva kA kathana nahIM kiyA 233. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3110-3112 234. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, bhagavatI sUtra bhAga 3, zataka 18 u. 8, pR. 734-735 235. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3113-3114 236. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3112 meM nirdiSTa 237. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, bhagavatI sUtra bhAga 4, zataka 25 u. 6, pR. 420-421 238. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3119-3121 239. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3122-3123 240. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, prajJApanAsUtra bhAga 1, pada 3, pR. 247-248

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [485] hai| yadi kevalI meM yugapad do upayoga hote haiM to sAkAra, anAkAra aura mizra-upayogavAle jIvoM kI, isa taraha tIna prakAra se jIvoM kI alpabahutva batAte / 41 ApakA aisA mAnanA hai ki jo sUtra chadmastha jIvoM kI apekSA se hai, usakA kevalI se saMbaMdha nahIM hai, to yaha ayogya hai| kyoMki prajJApanA sUtra ke tIsare pada meM sabhI jIvoM kI saMkhyA kA adhikAra hai| sabhI jIvoM kI saMkhyA saMbaMdhI yaha adhikAra nahIM hotA to 'gai iMdie ya kAe joe vee kasAyalesAsu' Adi meM alpabahuvaktavyatA vicAra se saMbaMdhI sabhI padoM meM siddha (anIndriya, akAya, ayogI, avedI, akaSAyI, alezyI Adi) ko alaga grahaNa kiyA hai| kevala upayoga pada meM usakA alaga grahaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai, to isakA kyA kAraNa hai? Apa kaho ki yaha chadmastha kA adhikAra hai, isalie usakA alaga se grahaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai, to phira Apake anusAra zeSa padoM meM jo siddha ko alaga grahaNa kiyA vaha ayukta ho jaaegaa| ata: yaha adhikAra sabhI jIvoM kI apekSA se haiN|42 athavA yaha jIvAbhigama sUtra meM batAI alpabahutva huI hai ki siddha aura asiddhAdi jIva do prakAra ke haiN| aisA sUtra meM kahA hai, usakI gAthA nimna prakAra se hai - siddhasaiMdiyakAe joe vee kasAya lesA y| nANuvaogAhAraya-bhAsaya-sasarIra-carime y||43 arthAt siddha-asiddha, saindriya-anIndriya, sakAya-akAya ityAdi sabhI jIvoM kA Azraya lekara sUtra kahA hai| tathA jJAna-ajJAna (sAkAra) aura darzana (anAkAra) kA upayoga kAla sarvatra antarmuhUrta kA hI batAyA hai| kisI bhI sthAna para sAdi-aparyavasita nahIM kahA hai| jaiseki siddhAdi bhAvoM kA sAdi-aparyavasita ullekhita hai, usI prakAra yadi sAkAra-anAkAra rUpa mizra upayoga hotA to usakA bhI sAdi-aparyavasita kAla batAyA jaataa| lekina aisA kahIM para bhI ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai isalie AgamAnusAra hameM yahI mAnanA cAhie ki jIvoM ke yugapad (ubhaya) upayoga nahIM hotA haiM 44 yadi phira bhI hamArI ekAntara upayoga mAnane meM abhiniveza buddhi hai, to mAnanA nahIM mAnanA ApakI marjI hai| lekina kramika upayoga hI jinezvara kA mata hai| usako anyathA karane meM hama zaktimAna nahIM haiN| jisa prakAra pAriNAmika bhAva se jIva kA jIvatva honA svabhAva hai, usI prakAra jIvoM ke ekAntara upayoga bhI pAriNAmika hone se svabhAva rUpa hI hai 45 upAdhyAya yazovijaya (17-18vIM zatI) ne tInoM vAdoM kI samIkSA kI hai aura naya dRSTi se unakA samanvaya karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| jaise ki RjusUtra naya ke dRSTikoNa se ekAntaraupayogavAda ucita jAna par3atA hai| vyavahAranaya ke dRSTikoNa se yugapad-upayogavAda saMgata pratIta hotA hai| saMgrahanaya se abheda-upayogavAda samucita pratIta hotA hai|46 arvAcIna vidvAn zrI kanhaiyAlAlajI loDhA kA mata hai ki jo bhI yuktiyA~ kevalI ke yugapat upayoga ke samarthana meM dI jAyeMgI ve saba yuktiyAM chadmastha para bhI lAgU hoMgI aura chadmastha ke bhI donoM upoyaga yugapat mAnane paDeMge, jo zvetAmbara-digambara donoM paramparAoM ko mAnya nahIM hai| ataH kevalI ke donoM upayoga yugapat mAnane meM virodha AtA hai| isI prakAra chadmastha jIva ke donoM upayoga yugapat nahIM mAnane ke lie jo bhI yuktiyA~ dI jAyeMgI, ve kevalI para bhI lAgU hoMgI aura kevalI ke 241. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3124-3125 242. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3126-3127 243. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, jIvAjIvAbhigama sUtra bhAga 2, pR. 178, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3129 244. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3128-3132 245. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3133-3135 246. jJAnabiMduprakaraNam peja 33-43

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[486] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana donoM upayoga yugapat nahIM hote, yaha sarvagrAhya siddhAnta hai| ataH anvaya aura vyatireka donoM prakAra se yaha siddha hotA hai ki kevalI ke yugapat donoM upayoga nahIM hote haiN|247 samIkSA - tInoM matoM meM sabase prAcIna mata bhI kramavAda vAlA hI pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki sarvaprathama tattvArthabhASya meM yugapadvAda kA ullekha milatA hai|48 tattvArthasUtra se pUrvavartI sAhitya meM kramavAda kA hI ullekha prApta hotA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki tarka se bhI Agama sarvopari hai / ata: AgamapakSa ke anusAra kevalajJAna kevaladarzana kA prayoga kramaza: hI mAnanA caahiye| AcArya malayagiri ne tInoM matoM ke pakSa-vipakSa ke bAra meM vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| isa TIkA kA bhAvArtha upAdhyAya AtmArAmajI mahArAja ne naMdIsUtra kI vyAkhyA meM kiyA hai|49 ataH vizeSa zodhArthiyoM ko vaha sthala bhI dekhanA caahie| prazna - kevalajJAna ke upayoga kA sthiti kAla kitanA hai? uttara - prajJApanAsUtra (kAyasthiti pada) evaM jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra meM sAkAra anAkAra upayoga kI sthiti antarmuhUrta hI milatI hai| Agama ke mUlapATha meM kevalajJAna kevaladarzana kI eka samaya kI sthiti dekhane meM nahIM AI hai| TIkAkAra zrI malayagirijI ne donoM sthaloM para kevalajJAna-kevaladarzana ke upayoga kA sthitikAla eka samaya kA hI mAnA hai| jisakI yahA~ vivakSA nahIM kI gaI hai, aisA mAna sakate haiN| malayagiri ko isa prakAra kI pUrva paramparA prApta huI hogI, jisake AdhAra para hI unhoMne eka samaya kI sthiti batAI ho, sarva jIvoM kI pratipatti meM bhI kevalajJAna-darzana kI eka samaya kI sthiti nahIM batAne kA kAraNa vicitra sUtragatiH likhA hai| AgamakAra bhI pavAeNaM pavAyaM jANejjA kahate haiN| isalie ise ekAnta Agama ke viparIta nahIM kaha sakate haiM kintu yaha gaveSaNIya hai| digambara sAhitya meM to kevalajJAna-kevaladarzana ke upayoga kAla kI sthiti jaghanya-utkRSTa antarmuharta mAnI gaI hai| jaghanya upayoga kAla se utkRSTa upayoga kAla ko saMkhyAtaguNA mAnA hai| kSAyika jJAna ho jAne ke bAda bhI upayoga kAla meM jaghanya-utkRSTa kAla lagane kA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| isalie use bhI vicAraNIya samajhA jAtA hai| muni jambUvijaya dvArA sampAdita vizeSyAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna-kevaladarzana ke abheda-yugapad vAda kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai aura kramavAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| isa varNana meM bhI muni jambUvijaya ne kevalajJAna kA upayoga kAla vizeSyAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra antarmuhUrta kA batAyA hai| vahA~ para jIvAbhigama ke sarva jIvapratipatti ke AdhAra yugapadvAda kA khaNDana mAtra kiyA hai| yadi yugapad upayoga hotA to sarva jIva prapipatti meM sAkAra-anAkAra upayoga kI sthiti antarmuhUrta nahIM btaate| antarmuhUrta ke bAda meM upayoga badalatA hI hai| tabhI antarmuhUrta kI sthiti, ityAdi batAyA hai| kucha bhI suspaSTa nahIM hone se Agama ke viruddha kI apekSA matAntara kahanA adhika ucita lagatA hai| kevalI meM kevalajJAna ke sAtha zrutajJAna bhI hotA hai? tIrthakara bhagavAn kevalajJAna ke bAda sabhI jIvoM ke hita ke lie dezanA pharamAte haiN| yaha dezAna akSaradhvani rUpa dravya zruta hai aura dravyazruta bhAvazruta ke binA nahIM ho sakatA isalie kevalI meM 247. bandha tattva, pR. 83 248. matijJAnAdiSu caturpu paryAyeNopayogo bhavati, na yugapad / saMbhinnajJAnadarzanasya tu bhagavataH kevalino yugapad sarvabhAvagrAhakake nirapekSakevalajJAne kevaladarzane cAnusamayamupayogo bhvti| - tatvArthabhASya 1.31 249. upAdhyAya AtmArAmajI mahArAja. naMdIsUtra, pR. 149-155

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [487] zrutajJAna kA prasaMga upasthita hogA? saMbhavata niyuktikAla meM yaha prazna upasthita huA hogA? isakA samadhAna karane ke lie niyukti ke AdhAra para bhASyakAra kevalajJAniyoM meM zrutajJAna hone kI bhrAMnti ko dUra karane ke lie kahate haiM ki kevalaNANeNa'tthe, nAuM je tattha pnnnnvnnjoge| te bhAsai titthayaro, vaijoga suyaM havai sesN|| arthAt kevalI (tIrthaMkara) artha ko jAnakara usameM se jo artha kahane yogya hotA hai, use kahate haiM, unakA isa prakAra bolanA vacana yoga hai, lekina vahI bAkI jIvoM ke lie zruta hai 50 tIrthakara Adi kevalajJAna se mUrta, amUrta, abhilApya athavA anabhilApya dhArmAstikAya Adi sabhI padArthoM ko jAnate haiN| una padArthoM meM se kahane yogya artha ko kahate haiN| tIrthaMkara Adi jo bhI kathana karate haiM, vaha zrutajJAna ke upayoga se nahIM karate haiN| kyoMki zrutajJAna kSAyopazamika hai aura kevalajJAna kSAyika hai| jaise kisI kA kathana hai ki sarvathA zuddha vastra meM thor3I zuddhi hai, to aisA kathana ayogya hai| usI prakAra pahale kevalajJAna se jAne aura bAda meM zrutajJAna se kathana kare aisA jo bhI mAnate haiM to unakA mAnanA anucita hai| kyoMki kevalajJAnI jitanA abhilApya artha jAnate haiM, usameM se bhI chadmastha jitanA grahaNa kara sakate haiM, utanA hI kathana karate haiM aura anabhilApya artha kA to kathana hI nahIM karate haiN| isa kAraNa yaha hai ki abhilApya (kaha sake aisA) artha (padArtha) ananta hote haiM, jinako vacana dvArA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| Ayu bhI sImita hotI hai aura padArtha anantaananta hote haiM aura sabhI padArthoM kA varNana karanA unakI zAkti ke bAhara hotA hai| ata: kevalajJAnI, kevalajJAna se jitanA jAnate haiM, usa jJAna kA anantavA~ bhAga hI zabda dvArA prakaTa karate haiN| zeSa ananta guNa jJAna aisA hai jo zabda dvArA prakaTa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki akSara aura akSara saMyoga sImita hai| kahane yogya padArtha abhilApya aura zeSa anabhilApya padArtha haiN| usameM bhI kevalI grAhaka (grahaNa karane vAle) kI yogyatA (kSamatA) ke anusAra hI grahaNa karane yogya artha ko kahate haiM, ayogya artha ko nahIM kahate haiN| isalie sAre abhilApya artha kA bhI kathana nahIM kara pAte haiM, to anabhilApya artha to kaise kaheMge? ata: kevalajJAna se jAne hue, yogya artha ko kahane ke lie zabdoM kA samUha kevalI ke nAmakarma ke udaya se vacana yoga hai, na ki zrutajJAna hai| kyoMki zrutajJAna to kSAyopazamika jJAna hai aura kevalajJAna kSAyika jJAna hai, isalie yaha bhAvazruta nahIM hai 51 prazna - vacanayoga athavA vacanaparispaMda athavA vacanavIrya, yaha bhale hI nAma karma ke udayajanya hote haiM, parantu upadeza dete samaya kevalI ke pudgalAtmaka zabda kisa rUpa hote haiM? uttara - ye zabda bhI sunane vAloM ke bhAvazruta kA kAraNa hone se dravyazruta hI haiM, lekina bhAvazruta nhiiN| jina chadamastha gaNadharAdi kA zrutagraMtha ke anusAra jJAna hai, vahI kevaligata jJAna kI apekSA bhAvazruta hai| lekina kevalI kA jJAna bhAvazruta nahIM hai, bhAvazruta kSAyopazamika hotA hai aura kevalI kA jJAna to kSAyika hotA hai| jina zabdoM ko bolane ke bAda sunakara zrotA jinakA vicAra karatA hai, yaha usakA bhAva zruta hai aura kevalI bolate hai, yaha unake vacana yoga hotA hai, zrutajJAna nhiiN| kevalI jina zabdoM kA uccAraNa karate haiM, ve vacanazruta nahIM hai, parantu ve zabda sunane vAloM ke hI jJAna kA kAraNa hote haiM, isa upacAra se ve zruta haiN| jisa samaya zabdoM ko bolA jAtA hai, usa samaya vaha zruta nahIM hai| kevalI saMbaMdhI vacanayoga aupacArika hone se gauNabhUta zruta hai| isa sambandha meM kucha AcAryoM kA mata 250. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 78, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 829 251. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 829 kI bRhadvRtti kA bhAvArtha

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana I hai ki bolate samaya kevaliyoM ke zabda zruta nahIM lekina zrotA ko sunane ke bAda una zabdoM se bhAvazruta hotA hai| isalie kAraNa kArya ke upacAra se vaha dravyazruta kahalAtA hai athavA vacana yoga hI zruta hai phira bhI zeSa ke lie guNabhUt zruta hai / kyoMki vaha bhAvazruta kA kAraNa hone se apradhAna zruta hai arthAt bolane vAle ke hI vaha vacana yoga zruta hai athavA sunane vAle ke zruta kA kAraNa hone se vacana yoga zruta hai, aisA kucha loga kahate haiM / kintu kevalajJAnI jo vacana yoga se prajJApanIya padArthoM kA kathana karate haiM, vaha zrutujJAna nahIM hai, pratyuta bhASAparyApti nAma karmodaya se aisA karate haiN| zrutujJAna kSayopazamika hai aura kevalajJAna meM kSayopazabhAva kA abhAva hotA hai| bhASA paryApti nAma karmodaya se jaba ve pravacana karate haiM, taba unakA vaha vAgyoga dravyazruta kahalAtA hai, vaha bhAvazruta pUrvaka nahIM, balki kevalajJAna pUrvaka hotA hai, bhAvazruta bhagavAn meM nahIM, apitu zrotA meM pAyA jAtA hai arthAt jo prANI suna rahe hai, unake vahI dravyazruta bhAvazruta kA kAraNa hotA hai / ataH bhAvazruta kA kAraNa hone se isakI dravyazrutatA svIkAra kI gaI hai| samyagdRSTi meM jo bhAvazruta hai, vaha bhagavAn kA diyA huA zrutajJAna hai| 252 aisA hI ullekha haribhadra, malayagiri ne bhI kiyA hai| 253 paMcAstiAkaya meM bhI kahA hai ki jJeya ke nimitta se utpanna nahIM hotA, isalie kevalajJAna ko zrutajJAna nahIM kaha sakate aura na hI jJAnAjJAna kaha sakate haiN| kisI viSaya meM to jJAna ho ora kisI viSaya meM ajJAna ho, aisA nahIM, kiMtu sarvatra jJAna hI hai 17254 kevalajJAna aura zrutajJAna meM antara [488] kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA ke anusAra kevalajJAna aura zrutajJAna meM antara kevala yaha hai ki zrutajJAna jaba taka svabhAva kA svAbhAvika svayaMsiddha jJAna AvazyakatA, mA~ga aura sAdhya rUpa meM hotA hai arthAt anubhava ke rUpa meM nahIM hotA taba zrutajJAna kahA jAtA hai| anubhava rUpa meM nahIM hone se ise parokSa jJAna kahA hai aura jaba yaha zrutajJAna vItarAga avasthA meM ekatva, virtaka, avicAra zukladhyAna meM jJAtA ke ekarUpa ho jAtA hai arthAt jaba mAMga kI pUrti hokara zrutajJAna pUrNa anubhava aura bodha ke rUpa meM pratyakSa ho jAtA hai, taba kevalajJAna kahalAtA hai| 255 kevalajJAna aura zrutajJAna meM jAtIya ekatA hai aura guNoM kI bhinnatA hai, kyoMki zrutajJAna aura kevalajJAna, ye donoM jIva ke svabhAva ke, sAdhya ke, siddhAvasthA ke sUcaka haiM, ataH inameM jAtIya ekatA hai / guNa kI dRSTi se kevalajJAna aura zrutajJAna meM yaha antara hai ki kevalajJAna meM zrutajJAna ke anurUpa pUrNa zuddha AcaraNa hotA hai, anubhava hotA hai, darzana hotA hai arthAt kevaladarzana hotA hai jabaki zrutajJAna meM jJAna ke anurUpa AMzika AcaraNa hotA hai, parantu darzana nahIM hotA hai / isa kathana kA samarthana gommaTasAra ( jIvakAMDa gAthA 369 ) karatA hai| zrutajJAna kSAyopazamika jJAna hai, jabaki kevalajJAna kSAyika jJAna hai| zrutajJAna pUrNajJAna nahIM hai aura kevalajJAna pUrNajJAna hai 1256 kevalajJAna kA viSaya kSAyopazamika matijJAna Adi cAra jJAna kA viSaya dharmAstikAya Adi chaha dravyoM meM se kevala mUrta pudgaladravya aura kSAyika kevalajJAna kA viSaya mUrta aura amUrta sabhI dravya haiN| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM isa sambandha meM vizeSa varNana prApta nahIM hotA hai| naMdIsUtra Adi meM isa sambandha meM jo varNana prApta hotA hai, usI kI yahA~ samIkSA kI gaI hai| 252. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 830 se 836 kI bRhadvRtti kA bhAvArtha 253. hAribhadrIya naMdIvRtti pR. 42, malayagiri naMdIvRtti pR. 139 255. bandha tattva, pR. 5, 27 254. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 41, prakSepa gAthA 5 256. bandha tattva, pR. 8

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [489] zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra kevalajJAna kA viSaya kevalajJAna kA viSaya, saMkSepa meM cAra prakAra kA hai, yathA -1. dravya, 2. kSetra, 3. kAla aura 4. bhAva 57 dravya se - kevalajJAnI, sabhI dravyoM ko jAnate dekhate haiM 58 kevalajJAnI 1. dharma 2. adharma 3. AkAza 4. jIva 5. pudgala aura 6. kAla, ina chahoM dravyoM meM, jo dravya, dravya se jitane parimANa haiM aura unake pratyeka ke jitane pradeza haiM una sabhI dravyoM ko aura unake pratyeka ke sabhI pradezoM ko kevalajJAna se pratyakSa jAnate haiM aura kevaladarzana se pratyakSa dekhate haiN| kSetra se - kevalajJAnI, sabhI kSetra ko-sarva lokAkAza aura sarva alokAkAza ko jAnate dekhate haiM 59 arthAt chahoM dravyoM meM jo dravya, jitane kSetra pramANa hai, use kevalajJAnI, apane kevalajJAna se utane kSetra pramANa jAnate haiM aura kevaladarzana se dekhate haiM arthAt kevalajJAnI kevalajJAna se sarva kSetravartI sarvadravyaparyAya ko jAnate dekhate haiN| kAla se - kevalajJAnI, sabhI kAla (sarva bhUta, sarva vartamAna aura sarva bhaviSya) ko jAnate dekhate haiM 60 arthAt jo dravya, jitane kAla parimANa hai, kevalajJAnI kevalajJAna se usa dravya ko utane kAla parimANa jAnate haiM aura kevala darzana se dekhate haiM athavA kevalajJAnI kevalajJAna se sarva kAlavartI sarva dravya paryAya ko jAnate dekhate haiN| bhAva se - kevalajJAnI, sabhI bhAvoM (audayika Adi chahoM bhAvoM) ko jAnate haiN| isake sAtha hI ve 1. kisa dravya ke 2. kisa pradeza meM 3. kisa kSetra meM 4. kisa kAla meM 5. kisa guNa kI 6. kyA paryAya huI, kyA paryAya ho rahI hai aura kyA paryAya hogI? yaha saba kevalajJAnI, kevalajJAna se jAnate haiM aura kevala darzana se dekhate haiN| bauddhAcArya dharmakIrti kA kathana hai ki 'Izvara sarva padArthoM ko jAne athavA na jAne, vaha iSTa padArthoM ko jAne, itanA hI basa hai| yadi Izvara kIr3oM kI saMkhyA ginane baiThe to vaha hamAre kisa kAma kI hai?' 'ataeva Izvara ke upayogI jJAna kI hI pradhAnatA hai, kyoMki yadi dUra taka dekhanevAle ko hI pramANa mAnA jAye to phira hameM giddha pakSiyoM kI bhI pUjA karanI caahie| isa mata kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie graMthakAra ne anaMtavijJAna vizeSaNa diyA hai aura yaha vizeSaNa ThIka hI hai, kyoMki anaMtajJAna ke binA kisI vastu kA bhI ThIka-ThIka jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| Agama (AcArAMgasUtra) kA vacana bhI hai- 'jo eka ko jAnatA hai vahI sarva ko jAnatA hai aura jo sarva ko jAnatA hai vaha eka ko jAnatA hai| 262 prazna - kyA kevalajJAna kI paryAyeM tathA kevalajJAna se jAnane yogya dravyoM kI paryAya tulya haiM? uttara - kevalajJAna kI paryAyeM zakti kI apekSA ananta guNA saMbhava haiN| yAnI kevalI bhagavAn jitane bhI jJeya padArtha haiM, una sabako to jAnate dekhate hI haiM, lekina yadi inase ananta guNA jJeya padArtha aura bhI hote, to kevalajJAna se unheM bhI dekhA jAnA saMbhava thaa| jaba jJeya padArtha itane hI haiM, to itane hI dekhate haiN| lekina jJeya padArthoM kA itanA hI honA, isa bAta kA dyotaka nahIM hai ki ve itanA hI dekha sakate haiN| prazna - kevalI bhagavAn jitane bhAva jJAna dvArA jAnate aura dekhate haiM, kyA ve sabhI bhAva vANI dvArA kaha sakate haiM? 257. taM samAsao cauvvihaM paNNattaM, taM jahA - davvao, khittao, kAlao, bhaavo| - pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 93 258. tattha davvao NaM kevalaNANI savvadavvAI jANai paasi| -pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 93 259. khittao NaM kevalaNANI savvaM khittaM jANai paasi| -pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 94 260. kAlao NaM kevalaNANI savvaM kAlaM jANai paasi| -pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 94 261.bhAvao NaM kevalaNANI savve bhAve jANai paasi| -pArasamuni, naMdIsUtra, pR. 94 262. syAdvAdamaMjarI gAthA 1. pR. 4-5

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[490] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana uttara - kevalI sabhI padArthoM ko sampUrNa rUpa se jAnate aura dekhate haiM, kintu sabhI padArthoM ke bhAvoM ko vANI dvArA kaha nahIM skte| kyoMki padArtha aura padArthoM ke bhAva ananta haiN| unameM se kitane to kahane yogya bhI nahIM haiN| AyuSya sImAyukta aura alpa hai| samajhAne para bhI dUsare samajhane vAloM meM samajhane kI zakti utanI nahIM hotI, ityAdi kAraNoM se ve sabhI padArthoM ke bhAvoM ko nahIM kaha skte| tattvArthabhASya meM kevalajJAna kA svarUpa vistAra se batalAyA gayA hai| kevalajJAnI saba bhAvoM kA grAhaka, saMpUrNa loka aura aloka ko jAnane vAlA hai| isase atizAyI koI jJAna nahIM hai| aisA koI jJeya nahIM hai jo kevalajJAna kA viSaya nahIM ho / ukta varNana ke saMdarbha meM sarva dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra phalita hotI hai - sarva dravya jJAnI kA artha hai - mUrta aura amUrta saba dravyoM ko jAnane vaalaa| kevalajJAna ke atirikta koI bhI jJAna amUrta kA sAkSAtkAra athavA pratyakSa nahIM kara sktaa| saMkSipta meM kaheM to kevalajJAna se sabhI kSetragata rUpI-arUpI sarvadravyoM kI trikAlagocara sabhI paryAyoM kA jJAna hotA hai| digambara paramparA meM kevalajJAna kA viSaya ____ 1. kevalajJAna sarva dravya va paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai - sarvadravyaparyAyeSu kevalasya / 64 kevalajJAna kI pravRtti sarva dravyoM meM aura unakI sarva paryAyoM meM hotI hai| jIva dravya anaMtAnaMta haiM, pudgala dravya inase bhI anaMtAnaMta guNA hai jinake aNu aura skaMdha ye do bheda haiN| dharmAstikAya Adi saba dravyoM kI pRthakpRthak tInoM kAloM meM hone vAlI anaMtAnaMta paryAyeM haiN| ina sabameM kevalajJAna kI pravRtti hotI hai| aisA na koI dravya hai aura na paryAya samUha hai jo kevalajJAna ke viSaya ke pare ho| kevalajJAna kA mAhAtmya aparimita hai, isI bAta kA jJAna karAne ke lie sUtra meM 'sarvadravyaparyAyeSu' kahA hai| aisA hI varNana bhaTTa akalaMka ne bhI kiyA hai|66 kevalajJAna eka dravya kI vartamAna paryAya ke sAtha atIta-anAgata kI sabhI paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai 67 2. kevalajJAna saMpUrNa dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ko jAnatA hai arthAt kevalajJAnI devaloka aura asuraloka ke sAtha manuSyaloka kI Agati, gati, cyavana, upapAda, baMdha, mokSa, Rddhi, sthiti, yuti, anubhAga. tarka, kala, mana, mAnasika, bhukta, kRta, pratisevita, Adikarma, araha karma, saba lokoM, saba jIvoM aura saba bhAvoM ko samyak prakAra se yugapat jAnate haiM, dekhate haiM aura vihAra karate haiN|68 3. kevalajJAna saba kucha jAnatA hai, kyoMki kevalajJAna se na jAnA gayA ho aisA koI padArtha hI nahIM hai|69 4. prayojanabhUta va aprayojanabhUta sabako jAnatA hai - AvaraNa ke kSaya ho jAne para AtmA parimita arthoM ko hI jAnatA hai, aisA ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki pratibaMdha se rahita aura samasta padArthoM ke jAnane rUpa svabhAva se saMyukta hone para, parimita padArthoM ko jAnane ke sAtha virodha hai|70 5. kevalajJAna meM isase bhI anaMtaguNA jAnane kI sAmarthya hai - jitanA yaha lokAloka svabhAva se hI anaMta hai, usase bhI yadi anaMtAnaMta vizva hai to usako bhI jAnane kI sAmarthya kevalajJAna meM hai, aisA kevalajJAna kA aparimita mAhAtmya jAnanA caahie| 263. tattvArthAdhigama sUtra, 1.30 vRtti, peja 10 264. tAthasUtra 1.29 265. sarvArthasiddhi, 1.29 pR. 96 266. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1.29.9 pR. 62 267. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 1, sUtra 1.1.136, pR. 199 268. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 13, sUtra 5.5.82, pR. 346 269. niyamasAra, gAthA 167, SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 7, sUtra 2.1.46, pR. 89 270. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 1, sUtra 4.1.44, pR. 118 271. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1.29.9 pR. 62

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saptama adhyAya vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [491] 6. kevalajJAna se vinaSTa va anutpanna padArtha bhI jAne jAte haiN| prazna yadi kevalajJAnI vinaSTa aura anutpanna rUpa se asat padArthoM ko bhI jAnatA hai to vaha kharaviSANa ko bhI jAna sakatA hai / uttara nahIM, kyUMki kharaviSANa kI jisa prakAra vartamAna meM sattA nahIM hai, usI prakAra usakI bhUta aura bhaviSyat meM bhI sattA nahIM hogI, isalie use nahIM jAnatA hai / prazna- yadi artha meM bhUta aura bhaviSyat paryAyeM zaktirUpa se vidyamAna rahatI haiM to kevala vartamAna paryAya ko hI artha kyoM kahA jAtA hai? uttara nahIM, kyoMki jo jAnA jAtA hai use artha kahate haiM' isa vyutpatti ke anusAra vartamAna paryAyoM meM hI arthapanA pAyA jAtA hai| ataH anAgata aura atIta paryAyoM kA grahaNa vartamAna artha ke grahaNa pUrvaka hotA hai 1272 prazna - jo padArtha naSTa ho cuke haiM aura jo padArtha abhI utpanna nahIM hue haiM, unako kevalajJAna se kaise jAnA jA sakatA hai ? uttara nahIM, kyoMki kevalajJAna ke sahAya nirapekSa hone se bAhya padArthoM kI apekSA ke binA unake (vinaSTa aura anutpanna ke) jJAna kI utpatti meM koI virodha nahIM hai aura kevalajJAna meM viparyayajJAna kA bhI prasaMga nahIM AtA hai kyoMki vaha yathArtha svarUpa ko padArthoM se jAnatA hai aura na hI gadhe ke sIMga ke sAtha vyAbhicAra doSa AtA hai, kyoMki vaha atyaMta abhAva rUpa hai 7 kevalajJAna kI sva-para prakAzakatA - 1. kevalajJAnI nizcaya se sva ko aura vyavahAra se para ko jAnate haiM - vyavahAra naya se kevalI bhagavAn sabako jAnate haiM aura dekhate haiN| nizcaya naya se kevalajJAnI AtmA ko jAnate haiM aura dekhate haiM nizcaya se para ko nahIM jAnane kA tAtparya upayoga kA para ke sAtha tanmaya nahIM honA hai kevalI bhagavAn sarvAtma pradezoM se apane ko hI anubhava karate rahate haiM, isa prakAra ve paradravyoM se sarvathA bhinna haiM / athavA kevalI bhagavAn ko sarva padArthoM kA yugapad jJAna hotA hai| unakA jJAna eka jJeya ko chor3akara kisI anya vivakSita jJeyAkAra ko jAnane ke lie bhI nahIM jAtA hai, isa prakAra bhI ve para se sarvathA bhinna haiN| 275 prazna - yadi kevalI bhagavAn vyavahAra naya se lokAloka ko jAnate haiM to vyavahAra naya se hI ve sarvajJa haiM, nizcayanaya se nhiiN| uttara jisa prakAra tanmaya hokara svakIya AtmA ko jAnate haiM usI prakAra paradravya ko tanmaya hokara nahIM jAnate, isa kAraNa vyavahAra naya kahA gayA hai, na ki unake parijJAna kA hI abhAva hone ke kaarnn| yadi svadravya kI bhAMti paradravya ko bhI nizcaya se tanmaya hokara jAnate to parakIya sukha-duHkha ko jAnane se svayaM sukhI duHkhI aura parakIya rAga-dveSa ko jAnane se svayaM meM rAgI-dveSIpanA prApta hotA, lekina aisA nahIM hotA hai| yadi vaisA mAneMge to anya aura bhI dUSaNa prApta ho sakate haiM kevalajJAna aura kevalI ke sambandha meM viziSTa varNana 1. kevalajJAna- kevaladarzana utpanna hone evaM nahIM hone ke kAraNa sthAnAMga sUtra sthAna 4 uddezaka 2 ke anusAra sAdhu sAdhviyoM ko cAra kAraNoM se kevalajJAna kevaladarzana utpanna nahIM hote haiM, yathA 1. jo bAra bAra strIkathA, bhaktakathA, dezakathA aura rAjakathA karatA hai, 2. viveka yAnI azuddha AhAra Adi kA tyAga karane se tathA kAyotsarga karane se jo apanI 272. kasAyapAhuDaM, pu. 1 gAthA 1, pR. 19-20 274. niyamasAra, gAthA 159 276. paramAtmaprakAza TIkA, pR. 50 273. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 6, sUtra 1.9.1.14, pR. 29-30 275. pravacanasAra TIkA, pR. 32

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[492] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana AtmA ko samyak prakAra se bhAvita nahIM karatA hai, 3. jo rAtri ke antima prahara meM dharma jAgaraNA nahIM karatA hai, 4. jo prAsuka eSaNIya thor3A thor3A aura sAmudAnika gocarI se prApta hone vAle AhAra kI samyak prakAra se gaveSaNA nahIM karatA hai| isake viparIta cAra kAraNoM se sAdhu athavA sAdhvI ko kevalajJAna kevaladarzana utpanna ho jAte haiN| yathA - 1. jo strI kathA, bhakta kathA, deza kathA aura rAjakathA nahIM karatA hai, 2. jo viveka yAnI azuddha AhAra kA tyAga karane se aura kAyotsarga karane se apanI AtmA ko samyak rUpa se bhAvita karatA hai, 3. jo rAtri ke antima prahara meM dharmajAgaraNA karatA hai, 4. jo prAsuka eSaNIya thor3A thor3A sAmudAnika bhikSAcaryA se prApta hone vAle AhAra kI samyak prakAra se gaveSaNA karatA hai| 2. kevaladarzana utpanna hotA huA bhI prathama samaya meM nahIM rukane ke kAraNa sthAnAMga sUtra sthAna 5, uddezaka 1 meM ullekha hai ki pAMca kAraNoM se avadhidarzana utpanna hotA huA bhI prathama samaya meM hI ruka jAtA hai yathA - 1. thor3e se jIvoM se vyApta pRthvI ko dekhakara prathama samaya meM hI ruka jAtA hai| 2. atyanta sUkSma kunthuoM kI rAzi se bharI huI pRthvI ko dekhakara prathama samaya meM hI ruka jAtA hai| 3. mahAn zarIra vAle sAMpa ko dekhakara bhaya se yA Azcarya se prathama samaya meM hI ruka jAtA hai| 4. maharddhika deva yAnI devatA kI mahAn Rddhi ko yAvat mahAn sukhoM ko dekhakara Azcarya se prathama samaya meM hI ruka jAtA hai| 5. prAcIna kAla ke bahuta se aise mahAn nidhAna jinake svAmI, unake putrAdi, pahacAnane ke cihna naSTa ho gaye haiM, aise ghara, bhavana Adi meM jo nidhAna gar3e hue haiM unako dekhakara Azcarya se athavA lobha se prathama samaya meM hI ruka jAtA hai| ina pAMca kAraNoM se avadhidarzana utpanna hotA huA bhI prathama samaya meM hI ruka jAtA hai| pAMca kAraNoM se kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana utpanna hote hue prathama samaya meM rukate nahIM hai yathA alpabhUta pRthvI ko dekhakara prathama samaya meM hI rukate nahIM hai| zeSa sArA varNana Upara ke samAna kaha denA cAhiye yAvat bhavanoM aura gharoM meM jo nidhAna gar3e hue haiM unako dekhakara prathama samaya meM utpanna hote hue kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana rukate nahIM haiN| 3. chadmastha aura kevalajJAnI meM antara sthAnAMga sthAna 5, uddezaka 3, sthAna 6 evaM sthAna 10 ke anusAra chadmastha jIva dasa bAtoM ko saba paryAyoM sahita na jAna sakatA hai aura na dekha sakatA hai yathA - 1. dharmAstikAya 2. adharmAstikAya 3. AkAzAstikAya 4. vAyu 5. zarIra rahita jIva 6. paramANu pudgala 7. zabda 8. gandha 9. yaha puruSa pratyakSa jJAnazAlI kevalI hogA yA nahIM 10. yaha puruSa sarva du:khoM kA anta kara siddha buddha yAvat mukta hogA yA nhiiN| atizaya jJAna rahita chadmastha sarva bhAva se ina bAtoM ko jAnatA aura dekhatA nahIM hai| yahA~ para atizaya jJAna rahita vizeSaNa dene kA yaha abhiprAya hai ki avadhijJAnI chadmastha hote hue bhI atizaya jJAnI hone ke kAraNa paramANu Adi ko yathArtha rUpa se jAnatA aura dekhatA hai, kintu atizaya jJAna rahita chadmastha jAna yA dekha nahIM sakatA hai| kintu kevalajJAna kevaladarzana ke dhAraka arihanta jina kevalI uparyukta dasa hI bAtoM ko sarvabhAva se jAnate haiM aura dekhate haiM / 4. chamastha aura kevalajJAnI kI pahacAna sthAnAMga sUtra sthAna 7 ke anusAra sAta bAtoM se chadmastha kI pahacAna kI jA sakatI hai yathA - 1. jAnate yA ajAnate kabhI chadmastha se hiMsA ho jAtI hai kyoMki cAritra mohanIya karma ke kAraNa vaha cAritra kA pUrNa pAlana nahIM kara sakatA hai| 2. chadmastha se kabhI na kabhI asatya vacana bolA jA sakatA

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [493] hai| 3. chadmastha se adattAdAna kA sevana bhI ho sakatA hai| 4. chadmastha zabda, sparza, rasa, rUpa aura gandha kA rAgapUrvaka sevana kara sakatA hai| 5. chadmastha apanI pUjA satkAra kA anumodana kara sakatA hai arthAt apanI pUjA satkAra hone para vaha prasanna hotA hai| 6. chadmastha AdhAkarma Adi ko sAvadha jAnate hue aura kahate hue bhI unakA sevana kara sakatA hai| 7. sAdhAraNatayA chadmastha jaisA kahatA hai vaisA karatA nahIM hai| inake viparIta sAta bAtoM se kevalajJAnI sarvajJa pahicAnA jA sakatA hai yathA - kevalI hiMsA Adi nahIM karate haiM yAvat jaisA kahate haiM vaisA hI karate haiN| Upara kahe hue chamastha pahicAnane ke boloM se viparIta sAta boloM se kevalI pahicAne jA sakate haiN| kevalI ke cAritra mohanIya karma kA sarvathA kSaya ho jAtA hai, isalie unakA saMyama niraticAra hotA hai| mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNa sambandhI doSoM kA ve sevana nahIM karate haiN| isalie ve ukta sAta bAtoM kA sevana nahIM karate haiM / 5. kevalI ke dasa anuttara sthAnAMga sUtra sthAna 5, uddezaka 1 evaM sthAna 10 ke anusAra kevalI bhagavAn ke dasa bAteM anuttara hotI hai| anuttara kA artha hai - dUsarI koI vastu jisase bar3ha kara na ho arthAt jo saba se bar3ha kara ho| yathA - 1. anuttara jJAna - jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke sarvathA kSaya se kevalajJAna utpanna hotA hai| 2. kevalajJAna se bar3hakara dUsarA koI jJAna nahIM haiN| isalie kevalI bhagavAn kA jJAna anuttara kahalAtA hai| 3. anuttara darzana - darzanAvaraNIya athavA darzana mohanIya karma ke sampUrNa kSaya se kevaladarzana utpanna hotA hai| 4. anuttara cAritra - cAritra mohanIya karma ke sarvathA kSaya se anuttara cAritra utpanna hotA hai| 5. anuttara tapa - kevalI ke zukla dhyAnAdi rUpa anuttara tapa hotA hai| 6. anuttara vIrya - vIryAntarAya karma ke sarvathA kSaya se ananta vIrya paidA hotA hai| anuttara kssaanti-kssmaa| 7. anuttara mukti - nirlobhtaa| 8. anuttara Arjava - srltaa| 9. anuttara mArdava-mAna kA tyaag| 10. anuttara lAghava - ghAtI karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya ho jAne se unake Upara saMsAra kA bojha nahIM rahatA hai| 6. sarva ko jAnatA huA bhI vyAkula nahIM hotA vizva ko nirantara jAnate hue aura dekhate hue bhI kevalI ke mana pravRtti kA abhAva hone se icchA pUrvaka vartana nahIM hotaa| 7. kevalajJAnI paMcendriya athavA anIndriya hai kevalajJAnI (13 veM-14 veM guNasthAna vAle) ko indriya (bhAvendriya) kI apekSA se anIndriya aura jAti (dravyendriya) kI apekSA se paMcendriya mAnA hai| bhAvendriyAM matijJAna ke kSayopazama bhAva meM hotI haiN| kevaliyoM ke kSayopazama bhAva nahIM hone se ve anIndriya kahalAte haiN| sayogI aura ayogI kevalI ko paMcendriya kahane meM dravyendriyoM kI vivakSA hai, jJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama rUpa bhAvendriyoM kI nhiiN| yadi bhAvendriyoM kI vivakSA hotI to jJAnAvaraNa kA sadbhAva hone se sarvajJatA hI nahIM ho sakatI thI 78 kevaliyoM ke yadyapi bhAvendriyA~ samUla naSTa ho gayI haiM, aura bAhya indriyoM kA vyApAra bhI baMda ho gayA hai, to bhI (chadmastha avasthA meM) bhAvendriyoM ke nimitta se utpanna huI dravyendriyoM ke sadbhAva kI apekSA unheM paMcendriya kahA gayA hai 79 2. jAti nAma karmodaya kI apekSA ve paMcendriya haiM - paMcendriya nAmakarma ke udaya se paMcendriya jIva hote haiN| vyAkhyAna ke anusAra kevalI ke bhI paMcendriya jAti nAmakarma kA udaya hotA hai|280 277. niyamasAra, tA. TIkA, pR. 172 278. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1.30.9, pR. 318 279. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 1,1.1.37 pR. 263, gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa gAthA 701 kI TIkA 280. SaTkha NDAgama, pu. 1,1.1.39 pR. 264

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[494] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana 8. kevalI ke mana hotA hai athavA nahIM? zvetAmbara paramparA meM - bhagavatI sUtra ke anusAra kevalI bhagavAn deva aura manuSyoM ko mana se pUche gaye prazna kA javAba mana se hI dete haiM 81 ataH devAdi ke dvArA mana se pUcha hue praznoM kA uttara dene ke lie kevaliyoM ko manoyoga pravartanAne kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| upadezAdi meM vacana yoga kI aura vihArAdi meM kAyayoga kI pravRtti karate haiN| kevalI kisI bhI yoga kI pravRtti icchApUrvaka karate haiM, sahaja nhiiN| digambara paramparA meM - kevalI ke atIndriya jJAna hote hue bhI unake dravya mana kA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai, lekina ve dravya mana kA upayoga nahIM karate haiM, kyoMki kevalI ke mAnasika jJAna ke sahakArI kAraNarUpa kSayopazama kA abhAva hai, isalie unake manonimittaka jJAna nahIM hotA hai| prazna - kevalI ke dravyamana kA sadbhAva rahe to bhI vahA~ usakA koI kArya nahIM hotA hai? uttara - dravyamana ke kArya rUpa upayogAtmaka kSAyopazamika jJAna kA bhale hI abhAva ho, parantu dravya mana ke utpanna karane meM prayatna to pAyA hI jAtA hai, kyoMki dravya mana kI vargaNAoM ko lAne ke lie hone vAle prayatna hetu kisI bhI prakAra kA pratibaMdhaka kAraNa nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| isase yaha siddha huA ki usa mana ke nimitta se jo AtmA kA parispaMda rUpa prayatna hotA hai, use manoyoga kahate haiN|82 9. bhAvamana ke abhAva meM vacana kI utpatti kaise ho sakatI hai? arahaMta parameSThI meM bhAva mana kA abhAva hone para mana ke kAryarUpa vacana kA sadbhAva ho sakatA hai, kyoMki vacana jJAna ke kArya haiM, mana ke nhiiN| prazna - akrama jJAna se kramika vacanoM kI utpatti kaise ho sakatI hai? uttara - nahIM, kyoMki, ghaTa viSayaka akrama jJAna se yukta kumbhakAra dvArA krama se ghaTa kI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai| isalie akramavartI jJAna se kramika vacanoM kI utpatti mAna lene meM koI virodha nahIM AtA hai|283 10. kevalI no saMjJI-no asaMjJI prazna - mana sahita hone ke kAraNa kyA sayogI kevalI bhI saMjJI hote haiM? uttara - nahIM, kyoMki AvaraNa karma se rahita unake mana ke avalambana se bAhya artha kA grahaNa nahIM pAyA jAtA hai, isalie unheM saMjJI nahIM kaha skte| prazna - to kevalI asaMjJI hote haiM? uttara - nahIM, kyoMki jinhoMne samasta padArthoM ko sAkSAt kara liyA hai, unheM asaMjJI mAnane meM virodha AtA hai| prazna - kevalI asaMjJI hote haiM, kyoMki ve mana kI apekSA ke binA hI vikalendriya jIvoM kI taraha bAhya padArthoM kA grahaNa karate haiM? uttara - yadi mana kI apekSA na karake jJAna kI utpatti mAtra kA Azraya karake jJAnotpatti asaMjJIpane ke kAraNa hotI to aisA hotaa| paraMtu aisA to hai nahIM, kyoMki kadAcit mana ke abhAva se vikalendriya jIvoM kI taraha kevalI ke buddhi ke atizaya kA abhAva bhI ho jaayegaa| isalie kevalI ke pUrvokta doSa lAgU nahIM hotaa|284 isalie kSAyopazamika jJAnI saMjJI hote haiM, kSayajJAnI (kevalI) saMjJI nahIM hote hai| saMjJA kA artha hai, atIta kA smaraNa aura anAgata kA cintn| kevalI isa saMjJA se atIta hote haiM, ve no saMjJI - no asaMjJI hote haiM 285 281. bhagavatIsUtra, za. 5 u. 4 pR. 44286 283. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 1,1.1.123 pR. 368 285. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 518 282. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 1,1.1.50 pR. 284 284. SaTakhaNDAgama, pu. 1,1.1.172 pR. 408

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [495] 11. kevalI ke yogoM kA sadAva donoM paramparAoM meM kevalajJAnI ko sayogI aura ayogI donoM rUpoM meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vIryAntarAya aura jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSaya ho jAne para bhI sayogI kevalI ke jo tIna prakAra kI vargaNAoM kI apekSA AtmapradezoM meM parispaMda hotA hai vaha yoga hai|286 12. kevalI aura matyAdijJAna tattvArthasUtra ke pahale kucha AcAryoM kA mAnanA thA ki kevalI ke matyAdijJAna ho sakate haiM, mAtra itanA antara hai ki jaise sUrya kI upasthiti meM agni, candra Adi kA teja maMda ho jAtA hai vaise hI kevalajJAna kI upasthiti meM mati Adi jJAna akiMcitkara bana jAte haiN| umAsvAti Adi AcAryoM ne isa mAnyatA kA khaNDana karate hue kahA hai ki kevalajJAna kSAyika hai287 aura pUrNazuddha288 hai| isase kSAyopazamika aura prAdezika azuddhi vAle matyAdi jJAnoM kA kevalajJAna ke sAtha meM koI sambandha nahIM hai / ata: kevalajJAna hote hI cAroM jJAna chUTa jAte haiN| jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke varNana meM kevalajJAna kI vyAkhyA karate hue TIkAkAra kahate haiM ki - "kevalamasahAyaM-naTuMmi u chAumathie naanne|''290 tathA prajJApanA sUtra ke 29 veM pada meM kevalajJAna kI vyAkhyA karate hue TIkAkAra kahate haiM ki - kevalaM-ekaM matyAdijJAna nirapekSatvAt, "naTuMmi u chAumathie nANe" (naSTe tu chAdmasthike jJAne) iti vacanAt zuddhaM vA kevalaM tadAvaraNamalakalaMkavigamAt saMkalaM vA kevalaM prathamata evAzeSatadAvaraNI vigatama:291 ityAdi pramANoM se cAra jJAna kA chUTanA spaSTa hai| jo aisI yukti karate haiM ki Agama meM sayogI-ayogI kevalI ko paMcendriya kahA hai, usase unameM matyAdijJAna kA kAryarUpa indriyapanA ho sakatA hai? to isakA uttara yaha hai ki kevalI ke paMcendriyapanA dravyendriya kI apekSA hai, bhAvendriya kI apekSA nahIM 292 13. ahaMtoM ko hI kevalajJAna kyoM, anya ko kyoM nahIM? he arhan! vaha sarvajJa Apa hI haiM, kyoMki Apa nirdoSa haiN| nirdoSa isalie haiM ki yukti aura Agama se Apake vacana aviruddha haiN| vacanoM meM virodha isalie nahIM hai kyoMki ApakA iSTa (mukti Adi tatva) pramANa se bAdhita nahIM hai| kiMtu Apake anekAMta matarUpa amRta kA pAna nahIM karane vAle tathA sarvathA ekAMta tatva kA kathana karane vAle aura apane ko Apta samajhane ke abhimAna se dagdha hue ekAMtavAdiyoM kA iSTa (abhimata tatva) pratyakSa se bAdhita hai|93 14. Ipitha Asrava sahita bhI bhagavAn kaise ho sakate haiM prazna - jala ke bIca par3e hue tapta lohapiNDa ke samAna IryApathikakarma rUpI jala ko apane sabhI AtmapradezoM dvArA grahaNa karate hue kevalI jina paramAtmA ke samAna kaise ho sakate haiM? uttara - IryApathakarma gRhIta hokara bhI vaha gRhIta nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha sarAgI ke dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye karma ke samAna punarjanma rUpa saMsAra phala ko utpanna karane vAlI zakti se rahita hai| .....baddha hokara bhI vaha baddha nahIM hai, kyoMki dUsare samaya meM hI usakI nirjarA dekhI jAtI hai| .....spRSTa hokara bhI vaha spRSTa nahIM hai kAraNa ki IryApathika baMdha kA sattvarUpa se jinendra bhagavAn ke avasthAna nahIM pAyA jAtA ...udIrNa hokara bhI vaha udIrNa nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha dagdha gehUM ke samAna nirjIvabhAva ko prApta ho gayA hai 294 286. sarvArthasiddhi, 6.1 pR. 244 287. tattvArthabhASya 1.31 288. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.30.7,8 289. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 155, naMdIcUrNi pR. 40, hAribhadrIya, naMdIvRtti pR. 41, malayagiri, naMdIvRtti, pR. 134 290. jaMbUdvIpaprajJaptivRtti, vakSaskAra 2, pR. 150 291. prajJApanA vRtti, pada 29, pR. 238 292. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1.30.9 294. samantabhadra, AptamImAMsA, gAthA 6-7 294. SaTakhaNDAgama, pu. 13, 5.4.24, pR. 51-52

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[496] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana gati Adi dvAroM ke mAdhyama se kevalajJAna kA varNana 1. satpadaprarUpaNA- TIkAkAra maladhArI hemacandra ne satpadaprarUpaNA ke arntagata gati Adi 20 dvAroM ke mAdhyama se kevalajJAna kA ullekha kiyA hai, jisakA varNana nimna prakAra se hai 95 1. gati dvAra - gati kI apekSA se manuSya aura siddha kevalajJAna ke adhikArI haiN| deva, nAraka aura tiryaMca gatiyoM meM kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| manuSya gati meM pUrvapratipanna (bhUtakAla kA jJAna) kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI niyamA, pratipadyamAna (vartamAna ke eka samaya kA jJAna) kI apekSA se bhajanA, siddhoM meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI niyamA, pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se nahIM hotA hai evaM zeSa tIna gatiyoM meM donoM apekSAoM se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| 2. indriya dvAra - bhAvendriyoM kI apekSA se anindriya jIva ko hI kevalajJAna hotA hai, kyoMki kevalajJAna indriya nirapekSa hai| ekendriya se paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM ko kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| anindriya meM pUrvapratipanna aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI niymaa| ekendriya se paMcendriya taka donoM apekSAoM se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| 3. kAya dvAra - kAya kI apekSA se trasakAya aura akAya (siddha) ko kevalajJAna hotA hai| pRthvI Adi pAMca kAyoM ke jIvoM ko kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| trasakAya meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI niyamA, pratipadyamAna kI apekSA bhajanA, akAya meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI niyamA, pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se nahIM hotA hai evaM zeSa pRthvI Adi pAMca kAyoM meM donoM apekSAoM se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| ___4. yoga dvAra - mana, vacana aura kAyA se yukta sayogI aura ina tIna yogoM se rahita ayogI ina donoM prakAra ke jIvoM ko kevalajJAna hotA hai| sayogI meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI niyamA, pratipadyamAna kI apekSA bhajanA hotI hai| ayogI meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI niyamA, pratipadyamAna kI apekSA nahIM hotA hai| 5. veda dvAra - avedI (bhAvaveda kI apekSA se) meM kevalajJAna hotA hai| strIveda, puruSa aura napusaMka veda arthAt savedI (bhAva rUpa se kisI bhI veda se yukta ho) ko kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| avedI meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI niyamA, pratipadyamAna kI apekSA bhajanA hai| zeSa tIna vedoM (arthAt savedI) meM donoM apekSAoM se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| 6. kaSAya dvAra - krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha se rahita akaSAyI jIva ko hI kevalajJAna hotA hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha se yukta jIva ko kevalajJAna nahI hotA hai| akaSAyI meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI niyamA, pratipadyamAna kI apekSA bhajanA evaM zeSa cAra kaSAyoM meM donoM apekSAoM se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| ___7. lezyA dvAra - salezyI (zuklalezyI) aura alezyI ko kevalajJAna hotA hai| kRSNAdi pAMca lezyA se yukta jIva ko kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| zuklalezyI meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI niyamA, pratipadyamAna kI apekSA bhajanA hotI hai| alezyI meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI niyamA, pratipadyamAna kI apekSA nahIM hotA hai aura zeSa kRSNAdi pAMca lezyAoM meM donoM apekSAoM se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| 8. samyakta dvAra - samyagdRSTi ko kevalajJAna hotA hai| mithyAdRSTi aura mizradRSTi vAle jIva 295. maladhArI hemacandra, bRhadavRtti pR. 339-340

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [497] kevalajJAna ke adhikArI nahIM hote haiN| samyagyadRSTi meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI niyamA, pratipadyamAna kI apekSA bhajanA evaM zeSa do (mithyA, mizra) dRSTiyoM meM donoM apekSAoM se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| 9. jJAna dvAra - mati Adi cAra jJAna meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevala nahIM, pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se bhajanA se hotA hai| kevalajJAnI meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai evaM zeSa mati Adi cAra mati Adi tIna ajJAna meM donoM apekSAoM se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| 10. darzana dvAra - cakSu Adi tIna darzana meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA bhajanA se hotA hai| kevaladarzana meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA nahIM hotA hai| 11. saMyata dvAra - saMyata (yathAkhyAta cAritra) aura no saMyata-no asaMyata-no saMyatAsaMyata (siddha) ko hI kevalajJAna hotA hai| sAmAyika Adi cAra cAritra, asaMyata aura saMyatAsaMyata (zrAvaka) ko kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| yathAkhyAtacAritra meM pUrvapratipanna aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA kevalajJAna kI bhajanA, no saMyata no asaMyata no saMyatAsaMyata (siddha) pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI niyamA, pratipadyamAna kI apekSA nahIM hotA hai| zeSa sAmAyika Adi cAra cAritra, asaMyata aura saMyatAsaMyata (zrAvaka) meM donoM apekSAoM se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| 12. upayoga dvAra - sAkAra aura anAkAra upayoga vAle meM kevalajJAna hotA hai| sAkAropayoga meM pUrvapratipanna aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA kevalajJAna kI bhajanA evaM anAkAropayoga meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI bhajanA, pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| ___ 13. AhAra dvAra - zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra (kavalAhAra kI apekSA) AhAraka aura anAhAraka donoM avasthA meM kevalajJAna hotA hai| digambara paramparA meM anAharaka ko hI kevalajJAna hotA hai| isa sambandha meM donoM paramparA ke AcAryoM ne apane-apane mata kA vistAra se maNDana aura parapakSa kA khaNDana kiyA hai| una carcAoM kA par3hane para sAra rUpa se yahI ucita lagatA hai ki kevalajJAna AhAraka aura anAhAraka donoM ko ho sakatA hai| AhAraka meM pUrvapratipanna niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA kevalajJAna kI bhajanA evaM anAhAraka meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI bhajanA, pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| 14. bhASaka dvAra - bhASaka aura abhASaka ko kevalajJAna hotA hai| bhASaka meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA kevalajJAna kI bhajanA evaM abhASaka meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI bhajanA, pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| 15. paritta dvAra - paritta aura no paritta no aparitta (siddha) ko kevalajJAna hotA hai| aparitta meM kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| paritta meM pUrvapratipanna aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA kevalajJAna kI bhajanA evaM no paritta no aparitta (siddha) meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI niyamA, pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai evaM aparitta meM donoM apekSAoM se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| 16. paryApta dvAra - paryApta aura no paryApta no aparyApta (siddha) ko kevalajJAna hotA hai| aparyApta meM kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| paryApta meM pUrvapratipanna aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA kevalajJAna

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[498] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana kI bhajanA evaM no paryApta no aparyApta (siddha) meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI niyamA, pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| aparyApta meM donoM apekSAoM se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| 17. sUkSma dvAra - bAdara aura no sUkSma no bAdara (siddha) ko kevalajJAna hotA hai| sUkSma meM kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| bAdara meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA niyamA aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA kevalajJAna kI bhajanA evaM no sUkSma no bAdara (siddha) meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI niyamA, pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| sUkSma meM donoM apekSAoM se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| 18. saMjJI dvAra - no saMjJI no asaMjJI ko kevalajJAna hotA hai| saMjJI aura asaMjJI kevalajJAna ke adhikArI nahIM haiM, zaMkA - trasakAya jIva kevalajJAna kA adhikArI hotA hai to paMcendriya aura saMjJI jIva kisalie adhikArI nahIM? samAdhAna - isakI saMgati isa prakAra baiTheMgI ki kevalajJAna meM indriyoM aura saMjJA kA upayoga nahIM hotA, isIlie anindriya aura nosaMjJI no asaMjJI jIva hI kevalajJAna kA adhikArI hai| no saMjJI no asaMjJI meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI niyamA, pratipadyamAna meM bhajanA hai evaM saMjJI aura asaMjJI meM donoM apekSAoM se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| 19. bhavya dvAra - bhavI aura no bhavI no abhavI (siddha) ko kevalajJAna hotA hai| abhavI ko kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| bhavI meM pUrvapratipanna aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA kevalajJAna kI bhajanA evaM no bhavI no abhavI (siddha) meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI niyamA, pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| abhavI meM donoM apekSAoM se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| jinameM mukta hone kI yogyatA nahIM hotI, ve jIva abhavI aura jinameM mokSagamana kI yogyatA hotI hai| ve jIva bhavya kahalAte haiN| no bhavI aura no abhavI uparyukta donoM lakSaNoM se rahita hote haiN| 20. carama dvAra - carama (bhavastha kevalI) aura acarama (siddha bhagavAn) ko kevalajJAna hotA hai| carama meM pUrvapratipanna aura pratipadyamAna kI apekSA kevalajJAna kI bhajanA evaM acarama (siddha) meM pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI niyamA, pratipadyamAna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| 2. dravya pramANa dvAra - kevalajJAna kitanI saMkhyA meM hote haiM, isakA varNana isa dvAra meM kiyA gayA hai| pratipadyamAna kI apekSA kevalajJAna prApta karane vAlA eka samaya meM jaghanya eka aura utkRSTa 108 hote haiM aura pUrvapratipanna kI apekSA bhavastha kevalI jaghanya do karoDa utkRSTa nava karor3a hote haiM aura ananta siddhoM meM kevalajJAna hotA hai| 3-4. kSetra aura sparzana dvAra - yahA~ kSetra kA artha avagAhanA kSetra hai| kevalajJAnI kA zarIra loka ke kitane bhAga ko avagAhita karatA hai| sparza dvAra bhI kSetra dvAra ke samAna hai| kevalajJAnI kevalI samudghAta meM loka ke saMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM nahIM hote haiM, asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM hote haiN| (zarIrastha tathA daNDakapATa avasthA ke samaya meM) aneka saMkhyAta bhAgoM meM nahIM hote haiM, aneka asaMkhyAtA bhAgoM meM hote haiM (mathAna avasthA ke samaya) sarva loka meM bhI hote haiM (samagra loka vyApta ke samaya meN)| sparzanA avagAhanA ke anusAra (avagAr3ha kSetra kI avagAhanA tathA avagAr3ha kSetra aura usake pArzvavartI kSetra kI sparzanA hotI hai|) arthAt kevalajJAnI jaghanya loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM aura utkRSTa (samudghAta kI apekSA) pUre loka meM hote haiN|

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [499] 5. kAla dvAra - jIva ke sAtha kevalajJAna kitane samaya taka rahegA, isakA ullekha kAla dvAra meM kiyA gayA hai| kevalajJAna eka bAra utpanna hone ke bAda naSTa nahIM hotA hai, ataH kevalajJAna kA kAla sAdi aparyavasita (ananta) haiN| 6. antara dvAra - kevalajJAna eka bAra prApta hone ke bAda naSTa nahIM hotA hai. isalie kevalajJAna kA antara nahIM hotA hai| 7. bhAga dvAra - matijJAna pAMca jJAna vAloM kI jitanI saMkhyA hai, usameM kevalajJAna vAloM kA kitanA hissA hai| kevalajJAna vAle zeSa jJAna vAloM kA bahuta ananta bhAga hai| kyoMki bAkI ke jJAnavAle kevalajJAnI se vizeSAdhika haiM aura kevalajJAna vAle to sarva loka meM ananta hai| mati Adi ajJAna vAle kevalajJAna se ananta guNA adhika hai| 6.bhAva dvAra - audayika Adi pAMca bhAvoM meM se kevalajJAna mAtra kSAyika bhAva meM hI hotA hai| 9. alpabahutva dvAra - mati Adi pAMca jJAnoM meM kisa jJAna vAle kevalajJAna se kama jyAdA hai, isakA ullekha alpabahutva dvAra meM kiyA hai| sabase thor3e manaH paryavajJAnI, unase avadhijJAnI asaMkhyAta guNA, unase mati zrutajJAnI paraspara tulya vizeSAdhika, unase vibhaMgajJAnI asaMkhyAtaguNA, unase kevalajJAnI anntgunnaa| unase samuccaya jJAnI vishessaadhik| unase mati, zruta ajJAnI paraspara tulya anntgunnaa| samIkSaNa prAcIna kAla meM sarvotkRSTa jJAna ke lie vibhinna zabdoM kA prayoga hotA rahA hai, lekina anta meM 'kevalajJAna' zabda hI isameM rur3ha ho gyaa| kevalajJAna eka paripUrNa jJAna hai| sakala AvaraNoM se rahita hokara sabhI vastuoM ke svarUpa ko pratibhAsita karane vAlA jJAna kevalajJAna hai| kevalajJAna ko paribhASita karate hue pUrvAcAryoM ne aneka vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA hai - 1. paripUrNa, 2. samagra (sampUrNa), 3. sakala, 4. asAdhAraNa, 5. nirapekSa, 6. vizuddha, 7. sarvabhAvaprajJApaka, 8. saMpUrNa rUpa lokAloka viSayaka, 9. anaMta paryAya, 10. ananta, 11. ekavidha, 12. asapatna, 13. zAzvata, 14. apratipAtI, 15. ashaay| kevalajJAna samasta padArthoM ko viSaya karane vAlA hai| yaha lokAloka kA jAnane viSaya meM AvaraNa rahita hai, tathA jIva dravya kI jJAna zakti ke jitane aMza hai, jisa jJAna meM saMpUrNa vyakta hoM vaha paripUrNa jJAna hai| mohanIya aura vIryAMtarAya kA sarvathA kSaya ho jAne para jo jJAna apratihata zaktiyukta aura nizcala ho usako samagra kahate haiM, ityaadi| kevalajJAna kSAyika jJAna hone se isake anya kSAyopazamika jJAnoM ke samAna bheda nahIM hote haiN| lekina svAmI kI apekSA se isake do bheda hote haiM - 1.bhavastha kevalajJAna - manuSya bhava meM rahate hue cAra ghAti-karma naSTa hone se utpanna hone vAlA jJAna bhavastha kevalajJAna hai| 2. siddha kevalajJAna - jinhoMne aSTa karmoM ko kSaya kara siddhi prApta karalI, aise kevalI kA kevljnyaan| mImAMsaka ke anusAra manuSya sarvajJa nahIM ho sakatA hai tathA vaizeSika ke anusAra mukta jIva meM jJAna nahIM hotA hai| ukta donoM bhedoM se unake mata kA khaNDana ho jAtA hai| bhavastha kevalajJAna do prakAra kA hotA hai - 1. sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna (sayogI avasthA meM utpanna huA kevalajJAna), 2. ayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna (ayogI avasthA meM utpanna huA kevalajJAna) sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna ke bhI do prakAra haiM - prathama samaya sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna aura aprathama samaya sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna athavA carama samaya sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna aura acarama samaya sayogI bhavastha kevljnyaan|

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[500] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna ke do bheda haiM - prathama samaya kI ayogI bhavastha avasthA kA kevalajJAna aura aprathama samaya kI ayogI bhavastha avasthA kA kevalajJAna athavA carama samaya kI ayogI bhavastha avasthA kA kevalajJAna aura acarama samaya kI sayogI bhavastha avasthA kA kevljnyaan| digambara paramparA meM sayogI aura ayogI ke bhedoM kA ullekha nahIM hai| siddha kevalajJAna - jinhoMne aSTa karma kSaya kara mokSa siddhi prApta karalI hai, unake kevalajJAna ko siddha kevalajJAna kahate haiN| kAla kI apekSA se siddha kevalajJAna do prakAra kA hotA hai - 1. anantarasiddha kevalajJAna (siddha avasthA ke prathama samaya kA jJAna) aura 2. parampara siddha kevalajJAna (jinheM siddha hue eka se adhika samaya ho gayA unakA jnyaan)| anantara siddha kevalajJAna ke pandraha bheda haiM - 1. tIrthasiddha - sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA ke pazcAt jinhoMne mukti prApta kI / jaise - gautama svAmI aadi| 2. atIrthasiddha - cAra tIrtha kI sthApanA ke pahale aura tIrtha viccheda ke bAda jinhoMne mukti prApta kI / jaise - marudevI maataa| 3. tIrthaMkara siddha - jinhoMne tIrthaMkara kI padavI prApta karake mukti prApta kI / jaise - bhagavAn RSabhadeva Adi 24 tiirthNkr| 4. atIrthaMkara siddha - jinhoMne tIrthaMkara kI padavI prApta na karake mokSa prApta kiyA / jaise - gautama anagAra aadi| 5. svayaM buddha siddha - binA upadeza ke pUrva janma ke saMskAra jAgRta hone se jinheM jJAna huA aura siddha hue / jaise - kapila kevalI aadi| 6. pratyeka buddha siddha - kisI padArtha ko dekhakara vicAra karate-karate bodha prApta huA aura kevalajJAna prApta kara mokSa prApta kiyA / jaise - karakaNDU rAjA aadi| 7. buddha bodhita siddha - guru ke upadeza se jJAnI hokara jinhoMne mukti prApta kii| jaise - jambU svAmI aadi| 8. strIliMga siddha - jaise - candanabAlA aadi| digambara paramparA ke anusAra strI ko mokSa nahIM ho sakatA hai| isake lie unhoMne hIna sattva, vastra parigraharUpa hotA hai, strI puruSa kI apekSA se avandanIya, mAyA kI bahulatA Adi aneka tarka prastuta kiye haiN| zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne inakA yuktiyukta samAdhAna karate hue strI ke mokSa gamana ko siddha kiyA hai| 9. puruSa liMga siddha - jaise - arjuna mAlI aadi| 10. napuMsakaliMga siddha - napuMsakaliMga meM siddha honaa| jaise - gAMgeya anagAra aadi| napusaMka liMga siddha ke sambandha meM TIkAkAroM ke mata kI Agama se saMgati nahIM baiThatI hai, kyoMki TIkAkAra napusaMkaliMga siddha meM mAtra kRtrima napuMsaka kA mokSa mAnate haiN| janma napuMsaka siddha nahIM hotA hai| lekina bhagavatI sUtra ke zataka 26 uddezaka 2 (baMdhIzataka) ke pramANa se janma napuMsaka bhI siddha ho sakate haiN| digambara paramparA meM strIliMga ke samAna hI napusaMkaliMga bhI siddha nahIM ho sakatA hai| 11. svaliMga siddha - rajoharaNa, mukhavastrikA Adi veSa meM jinhoMne mukti pAI / jaise - gautama anagAra aadi| 12. anya liMga siddha - jaina veSa se anya saMnyAsI Adi ke veSa meM bhAva saMyama dvArA kevala jJAna upArjita kara veSa parivartana jitanA samaya na hone para usI veSa meM jinhoMne mukti pAI / jaise - valkalacIrI aadi| 13. gRhasthaliMga siddha - gRhastha ke veSa meM jinhoMne bhAva saMyama prApta kara kevala jJAna prApta kara mukti prApta kI / jaise - marudevI mAtA aadi| 14. eka siddha - eka samaya meM eka hI jIva mokSa meM jaave| jaise - jambU svAmI aadi| 15. aneka siddha - eka samaya meM aneka jIva mokSa meM jaave| eka samaya meM utkRSTa 108 taka mokSa meM jA sakate haiN| jaise RSabha deva svAmI aadi|

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [501] siddhoM ke yaha bheda siddha hone se pUrva bhava kI apekSA se hI ghaTita hote haiN| ukta pandraha bhedoM kA samAveza sAmAnya rUpa se 1. tIrtha, 2. tIrthakara, 3. upadeza, 4. liMga, 5. bAhya cihna aura 6. saMkhyA ina chaha bhedoM meM bhI kiyA jA sakatA haiN| kevalajJAna kI prApta meM mukhya hetu kaSAya (moha) kA kSaya hai| mohanIya karma kSaya hote hI anrtamuhUrta meM zeSa jJAnAvaraNIya Adi tIna karmoM kA kSaya hokara kevalajJAna utpanna hotA hai| kevalajJAnI kI utpatti meM zukladhyAna kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai| zukladhyAna ke cAra bheda hote haiM - 1. pRthaktvavitarka - eka dravya viSayaka aneka paryAyoM kA pRthak pRthak rUpa se vistAra pUrvaka pUrvagata zruta ke anusAra dravyArthika paryAyArthika Adi nayoM se cintana karanA pRthaktva vitarka savicArI zukla dhyAna hai| 2. ekatvavitarka - pUrvagata zruta kA AdhAra lekara utpAda Adi paryAyoM ke ekatva (abheda) se kisI eka padArtha kA athavA paryAya kA sthira citta se cintana karanA ekatva vitarka avicArI dhyAna hai| 3. sUkSmakriyApratipAti - mokSa jAne se pahale kevalI bhagavAn mana aura vacana ina do yogoM kA tathA arddha kAyayoga kA bhI nirodha kara lete haiN| usa samaya unake sUkSmakriyA apratipAti zukla dhyAna hotA hai| 4. vyuparatakriyAnivarti - zailezI avasthA ko prApta kevalI bhagavAn sabhI yogoM kA nirodha kara lete haiN| taba unake vyuparatakriyAnivarti zukla dhyAna hotA hai| samudghAta - ekAgratApUrvaka prabalatA ke sAtha vedanIyAdi karmoM ke pradezoM kI ghAta karanA samudghAta kahalAtA hai| prabalatA se vedanIyAdi tIna karmoM kI sthiti aura anubhAga ko Ayu ke samAna karanA kevalI samudghAta hai| isakA kAlamAna antarmuhUrta (ATha samaya) kA hotA hai| jinako AyuSya meM chaha mAsa zeSa rahate kevalajJAna huA hai, ve kevalI samudghAta karate haiM athavA tIna karma sthiti ko AyuSyakarma ke samAna karane ke lie kevalI samudghAta kiyA jAtA hai| sabhI jIvoM ke aisI sthiti bane yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai, ataH sabhI jIva kevalI samudghAta nahIM karate haiN| AyuSya kA antarmuharta zeSa rahate hue samudghAta kiyA jAtA hai| kevalI samudghAta ke ATha samaya meM se prathama samaya meM zarIra pramANa daNDa, dUsare samaya meM kapATa, tIsare samaya meM maMthAna aura cauthe samaya meM aMtara pUrita karake loka ko sampUrNa rUpa se sparza karate haiN| punaH pratiloma krama se pAMcaveM samaya meM loka kA saMharaNa karate haiM, chaThe samaya meM manthAna kA, sAtaveM samaya meM kapATa kA aura AThaveM samaya meM daNDa kA saMharaNa aura zarIrastha honA ye do kriyAeM hotI haiN| ina ATha samayoM meM krama cAra aghAtI karmoM kI 85 prakRtiyoM kSaya hotA hai| kevalI samudghAta meM manayoga aura vacanayoga kA vyApAra nahIM hotA, kevala kAyayoga kI pravRtti hotI hai| usameM bhI pahale aura AThaveM samaya meM audArika kAyayoga, dUsare, chaThe aura sAtaveM samaya meM audArikamizra kAyayoga aura tIsare, cauthe va pAMcaveM samaya meM kArmaNa kAyayoga pravartatA hai| samudghAta ke aMtarmuhUrta bAda kevalI yogoM kA nirodha karate haiN| yoga, nirodha meM donoM paramparAoM meM matabheda hai - zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra kevalI sUkSmakriyA-apratipAti nAmaka zukladhyAna ke tIsare pAda kA dhyAna karate hue sarvaprathama manoyoga kA nirodha karate haiN| usake bAda vacana yoga, phira anta me kAyayoga nirodha ke sAtha hI zvAsocchvAsa kA nirodha karate haiN| pUrNa yoganirodha hote hI ayogI yA zaileSI avasthA prApta ho jAtI hai| jisa avasthA meM kevalI zaila arthAt merupavarta kI taraha sthira ho jAte haiM, use zailezI avasthA kahate haiN| digambara paramparA ke anusAra kevalI bAdara kAyayoga se bAdara manoyoga kA, usake bAda bAdara vacanayoga kA nirodha karate haiN| punaH bAdara kAyayoga se bAdara ucchvAsa-ni:zvAsa kA nirodha karake

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[502] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhadvRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana bAdara kAyayoga kA nirodha karate haiN| phira sUkSma manoyoga, sUkSma vacanayoga, sUkSma ucchvAsa-ni:zvAsa tathA sUkSma kAyayoga kA nirodha karate haiN| kevalI ke yoga nirodha ko dhyAna kahA jAtA hai, isalie mana ke abhAva meM bhI kevalI ke dhyAna hotA hai| yoga-nirodha kI zaileSI avasthA meM pAMca hrasva akSaroM kA uccAraNa kare itane kAla meM jIva siddha buddha mukta ho jAtA hai| jIva siddha hote hI eka samaya meM lokAMta meM sthita siddhAlaya meM pahuMca jAtA hai| siddha jIva kI pUrvaprayoga, saMga rahitatA, bandhana kA TUTanA aura gati pariNAma ke kAraNa urdhvagati hI hotI hai| siddha jIva loka ke agrabhAga meM sthita haiM, kyoMki aloka meM gati meM sahAyaka dharmAstikAya nahIM hai, isaliye siddhoM kI gati aloka meM nahIM ho sakatI hai| chadmastha meM darzana aura jJAna ke viSaya meM zvetAmbara paramparA aura digambara paramparA donoM ekamata haiN| kevalI ke viSaya meM digambara paramparA ne eka mata se yugapadvAda kA samarthana kiyA hai, jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA me tIna mata prApta hote haiM -1. kramavAda, 2. yugapadvAda, 3. abhedvaad| haribhadrasUri ke anusAra yugapadvAda ke samarthaka AcArya siddhasena, kramavAda ke samarthaka jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa aura abhedavAda ke samarthaka vRddhAcArya haiN| abhayadevasUri ke anusAra kramavAda ke samarthaka jinabhadra, yugapadvAda ke samarthaka mallavAdI aura abhedavAda ke samarthaka siddhasena divAkara haiN| isa prakAra haribhadra aura abhayadeva meM matabheda hai| ___1. abhedavAda - kevalI bhagavAn ke sAkAropayoga aura anAkAropayoga - kevalajJAna kevaladarzana donoM eka sAtha prayukta hote haiM arthAt kevalI nizcita rUpa se eka samaya meM jAnate-dekhate haiM, chadmastha nhiiN| 2. yugapadvAda - kevalI meM darzana aura jJAnAtmaka upayoga pratyeka kSaNa meM yugapad hotA hai| jaise sUrya kA prakAza aura tApa eka sAtha rahate haiM usI prakAra kevalI meM darzana aura jJAna eka sAtha rahate haiN| 3. kramavAda - jIvoM ke upayoga kA svabhAva hI aisA hai ki vaha kramazaH hI hotA hai| isalie kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kI pravRtti bhI kramazaH hI hotI hai| tInoM matoM meM se kramavAda vAlA mata adhika ucita pratIta hotA hai kyoMki 1 jIva sAkAra upayoga meM hI siddha hotA hai| 2. Agama meM kevalI ke viSaya meM bhI jANai aura pAsai kriyA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 3. Agama meM kevalajJAna kA grahaNa sAkAra upayoga meM aura kevaladarzana kA anAkAra upayoga meM kiyA gayA hai| 4. labdhi kI apekSA donoM yugapad rahate haiM, kintu upayoga eka samaya meM eka kA hI hotA hai| jo doSa kevalI meM yugapad doSa mAnane para prApta hote haiM, vahI upayoga chadmastha meM bhI prApta hote hai| 6. bhagavatIsUtra zataka 18, uddezaka 8 meM kevalI meM yugapad upayoga kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, ityAdi aneka hetuoM se kevalI meM kramavAda kI hI sthApanA hotI hai| upAdhyAya yazovijaya (17-18vIM zatI) ne tInoM vAdoM kI samIkSA kI hai aura naya dRSTi se unakA samanvaya karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| jaise ki RjusUtra naya ke dRSTikoNa se ekAntaraupayogavAda ucita jAna par3atA hai| vyavahAranaya ke dRSTikoNa se yugapad-upayogavAda saMgata pratIta hotA hai| saMgrahanaya se abheda-upayogavAda samucita pratIta hotA hai| kevalI meM kevalajJAna ke upayoga kI sthiti eka samaya kI hI hotI hai| kevalI ke zabda zrotA ke lie dravyazruta mAtra haiN| zeSa chadmasthoM ko jo zruta ke anusAra jJAna hotA hai, vaha kSAyopazamika upayoga ke kAraNa bhAvazruta kahalAtA hai| kevalI kA vacanayoga zrotA ke zruta kA kAraNa hone se dravyazruta hai| isakA artha yaha huA hai ki pUrvokta artha kevalajJAna se jAnakara

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saptama adhyAya - vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kevalajJAna [503] kevalI upadeza dete haiM, jisase vaha zabda vacana yoga hai aura sunane vAloM ke lie bhAvazruta kA kAraNa hone se dravyazruta hai| ata: kevalI meM zruta jJAna kA prasaMga prApta nahIM hotA hai| kevalI kevalajJAna se sampUrNa dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva se rUpI-arUpI sabhI padArthoM ko jAnate haiN| gati Adi 20 dvAroM ke mAdhyama se kevalajJAna ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| kevalajJAna ke sambandha meM vizeSa bindu : 1. vizva ko jAnate hue bhI kevalI parezAna nahIM hote haiN| 2. kevalI dravyendriya kI apekSA paMcendriya aura bhAvendriya kI apekSA anIndriya hote haiN| 3. donoM paramparA ke anusAra kevalI meM dravya mana hotA hai| 4. kevalI no saMjJI no asaMjJI hote haiN| 5. sayogI kevalI ke yoga kA sadbhAva rahatA hai| 6. kevalajJAna hone ke bAda mati Adi cAra jJAna chUTa jAte haiN| 7 kevalajJAna hone ke bAda nidrA nahIM AtI hai, kyoMki nidrA, darzanAvaraNIya karma kI prakRti hai| darzanAvaraNIya karma sampUrNa naSTa hone para hI kevalajJAna hotA hai| ata: nidrA kA karma na hone se kisI bhI kevalI ko nidrA nahIM aatii| 8. 'asoccA kevalI' kA artha hai ki usa bhava meM kisI dUsaroM ke pAsa dharma kA svarUpa sune binA hI svayaM dharma kA svarUpa samajha kara kevalajJAna prApta karane vaalaa| avadhijJAna aura manaHparyavajJAna se kevalajJAna kI tulanA - 1. avadhi aura mana:paryava donoM pratyakSa jJAna haiM, parantu ve chahoM dravyoM meM mAtra eka rUpI pudgala dravya ko hI jAnate haiM aura usakI asarvaparyAyoM (apUrNa paryAyeM) ko jAnate haiM, parantu kevalajJAna sabhI mUrta-amUrta dravyoM ko aura unakI paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai| 2. avadhijJAna dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva, ina cAroM jJeyoM kI apekSA 'avadhi' yukta hai aura mana:paryAya jJAna to usase bhI adhika sImita avadhi vAlA hai, parantu kevalajJAna dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva-ina cAroM jJeyoM kI apekSA ananta hai, avadhi rahita hai| 3. avadhi aura mana:paryAya jJAna kSAyopazamika hone se azAzvata haiM, pratikSaNa usI rUpa meM nahIM rahate, vardhamAna hIyamAna Adi ho sakate haiN| kevalajJAna kI utpatti ke pazcAt ye donoM kSAyopazamika jJAna sthAyI nahIM rahate haiM, parantu kevalajJAna kSAyika hone se zAzvata pratikSaNa sthAyI rahatA hai| 4. avadhi aura mana:paryAya jJAna, pratipAti bhI hai aura apratipAti bhI hai, parantu kevalajJAna to mAtra apratipAti hI hotA haiN| 5. avadhi aura mana:paryava, ina donoM meM kaI bheda, prabheda aura upabheda haiM, parantu kevalajJAna bheda rahita hai| 6. avadhijJAna aura mana:paryAyajJAna kSAyopazamika haiM, jisase unake sAtha kucha udaya bhAva bhI rahatA hai tathA pIche sampUrNa udaya bhAva bhI saMbhava hai, para kevalajJAna meM aMzamAtra udaya nahIM hotA tathA pIche bhI udaya asaMbhava hai| kevalajJAna kSAyika hai| manaHparyavajJAna aura kevalajJAna meM sAdharmya - AcArya malayagiri ne naMdIvRtti meM mana:paryavajJAna kA kevalajJAna se sAdharmya batAyA hai| jaiseki - 1. manaHparyavajJAna apramatta muni ko hotA hai, vaise hI kevalajJAna bhI apramatta muni ko hotA hai aura 2. mana:paryavajJAna viparyayajJAna nahIM hotA hai vaise hI kevalajJAna bhI viparyayajJAna nahIM hotA hai 96 296. yathA mana:paryAyajJAnamapramattayatereva bhavati evaM kevalajJAnamapyapramattabhAvayatereveti saadhrmym|.... yathA mana:paryAyajJAnaM viparyayajJAnaM na bhavati evaM kevalajJAnamapIti saadhrmym| - naMdIvRtti, pR. 20

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[504] vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM bRhavRtti ke Aloka meM jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana uparyukta varNana kA sArAMza yaha hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM kevalajJAna kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| usI varNana ke AdhAra para donoM paramparAoM meM kevalajJAna meM kucha antara pratIta huA hai jo nimna prakAra se hai| 1. zvetAmbara paramparA meM kevalajJAna ke bheda-prabhedoM kA spaSTa ullekha hai, yathA-bhavastha aura siddhastha kevljnyaan| bhavastha kevalajJAna ke sayogI aura ayogI aura siddha kevalajJAna ke anantara aura parampara bheda hote haiM, kintu digambara paramparA meM isa prakAra ke spaSTa bhedoM kA ullekha nahIM hai| sayogI aura ayogI guNasthAna ke AdhAra para sayogI aura ayogI kevalI kA varNana milatA hai| isake Age ke bhedoM kA ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai| bhavastha kevalajJAna ko yahA~ para tadbhavastha kevalajJAna kahA jAtA hai| 2. zvetAmbara paramparA meM strIliMga siddha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai tathA kevalI ko kavalAhArI mAnA gayA hai| lekina digambara paramparA meM strI mukti kA virodha kiyA gayA hai tathA kevalI ko kavalAhArI bhI svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| 3. zvetAmbara paramparA meM kevalI samudghAta meM daNDa samudghAta kA eka jaisA hI nApa batayA hai| parantu digambara paramparA meM kAyotsarga sthita kevalI ke daNDa samudghAta utkRSTa 108 pramANa aMgula U~cA, 12 pramANAMgula caur3A aura sUkSma paridhi 37 15/113 pramANAMgula yukta hai| padmAsana sthita (upaviSTa) daNDa samuddhAta ke sambandha meM U~cAIM 36 pramANAMgula aura sUkSma paridhi 27/113 pramANAMgula yukta hai| (kSapaNasAra, gAthA 623) 4. zvetAmbara paramparA meM kevalI samudghAta meM jIva vedanIyAdi aghAtI karmoM kI kitanI-kitanI prakRtiyoM ko kSaya karatA hai, isakA spaSTa ullekha hai, kintu digambara paramparA meM isakA spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| 5. zvetAmbara paramparA meM yoga-nirodha kI prakriyA meM kevalI sarvaprathama manoyoga kA nirodha karatA hai| usake pazcAt vacanayoga, usake bAda kAyayoga kA nirodha hone ke sAtha hI zvAsocchvAsa (AnApAnanirodha) kA nirodha bhI ho jAtA hai, parantu digambara paramparA meM kevalI yoga nirodha ke lie bAdara kAyayoga se bAdara manoyoga kA nirodha karatA hai| phira bAdara vacanayoga kA, phira bAdara kAyayoga se bAdara ucchvAsa ni:zvAsa kA nirodha karatA hai| punaH aMtarmuhUrta se bAdara kAya yoga se usI bAdara kAyayoga kA nirodha karatA hai| tatpazcAt aMtarmuhUrta ke bAda sUkSma kAyayoga se sUkSma manoyoga kA nirodha karatA hai| tatpazcAt aMtarmuhUrta bAda sUkSma vacanayoga kA nirodha karatA hai| punaH aMtarmuhUrta ke bAda sUkSma kAyayoga se sUkSma ucchvAsa-ni:zvAsa kA nirodha karatA hai| punaH aMtarmuhUrta ke bAda sUkSma kAyayoga se sUkSma kAyayoga kA nirodha karatA huA vibhinna prakAra ke karaNoM ko karatA huA aMtarmuhUrta kAla bAda ayogI hotA hai| 6. zvetAmbara paramparA meM kevalI ke upayoga ke sambandha meM tIna mata prApta hote haiM - 1. kramavAda, 2. yugapadvAda, 3. abhedvaad| jabaki digambara paramparA meM kevalI ke upayoga ko yugapad svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 7. digambara paramparA ke grantha gommaTasAra ke anusAra samudghAta meM jIva puna: paryAptiyoM ko pUrNa karatA hai, jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM aisA ullekha nahIM milatA hai|

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upasaMhAra bhAratIya dArzanika prasthAnoM meM jJAnamImAMsIya carcA kA viziSTa mahattva hai| jaina darzana meM jJAna ke svarUpa evaM usake bhedoM kA vistRta nirUpaNa prApta hotA hai| jJAna zabda kA nirmANa 'jJA' dhAtu se 'lyuTa (an)' pratyaya lagakara huA hai| jisakA artha hai jaannaa| mokSa mArga meM jJAna kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| jJAna ke binA sAdhaka sAdhanA ke kSetra meM vizeSa pragati nahIM kara sktaa| isIlie uttarAdhyana sUtra ke aThAIsaveM adhyayana meM pahale jJAna ko rakhA gayA hai| dazavaikAlika sUtra ke cauthe adhyayana meM bhI 'paDhamaM nANaM tao dayA' kahakara jJAna ke mahattva ko udghATita kiyA gayA hai| jJAna ke binA kriyA (cAritra) meM kadama Age nahIM bar3ha pAte haiM, isalie jJAna paramAvazyaka hai| bhAratIya darzana meM hameM pramukhataH jJAna ke do svarUpa prApta hote haiM - eka indriyajanya jJAna, dUsarA atIndriya jnyaan| indriyajanya jJAna jahA~ jIvana vyavahAra meM upayogI hotA hai| vahA~ atIndriya jJAna avidyA ke nAza ke lie upayogI hotA hai| yaha atIndriya jJAna hI samasta du:khoM kA kSaya kara mukti prApti kA hetu banatA hai| jJAna AtmA kA guNa hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra AtmA eka dravya hai, jisameM jJAnAdi guNa rahate haiN| jaina-darzana jJAna ko AtmA yA jIva kA guNa svIkAra karake bhI use AtmA kA svarUpa mAnatA hai| eka dravya hai dUsarA guNa hai, tathApi inakA pRthak astitva nahIM hai| mukti kI avasthA meM bhI jJAna guNa AtmA se pRthak nahIM hotA hai| jaina darzana mukta jIva ko kevalajJAnI athavA ananta jJAnI svIkAra karatA hai| jJAna ke binA cetanA ko nahIM samajhA jA sakatA tathA jahA~ cetanA hai, vahA~ jJAna hai aura jahA~ jJAna hai, vahA~ AtmA hai| jaina darzana meM jJAna (sAkAra upayoga) ke atirikta darzana (anAkAra upayoga), sukha, vIrya (parAkrama) Adi ko bhI AtmA kA guNa aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jJAna karaNa bhI hai aura kartA bhii| jAnane kI kriyA kA phala bhI jJAna hI hai / jaina darzana meM pratipAdita jJAna ke svarUpa kI katipaya vizeSatAeM isa prakAra haiM - 1. jJAna sva-para prakAzaka hotA hai arthAt jJAna jJeya vastu kA bhI jAnatA hai, evaM svayaM ko bhI jAnatA hai| 2. jJAna savikalpa hotA hai, nirvikalpaka nhiiN| bauddha, nyAya-vaizeSika evaM mImAMsA darzanoM meM jJAna ko savikalpaka evaM nirvikalpaka ke bheda se do prakAra kA nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| jabaki jainadarzana meM jJAna savikalpaka hI hotA hai, nirvikalpaka bodha ke lie jaina dArzanika 'darzana' zabda kA prayoga karate haiN| pahale darzana hotA hai phira jJAna hotA hai| darzana evaM jJAna kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI atyanta prAcIna hai| rAjapraznIya sUtra, vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra, SaTkhaNDAgama Adi isake pramANa hai| yahI nahIM, jaina darzana meM jJAna ke prakaTIkaraNa ke lie jJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama athavA kSaya ko anivArya mAnA gayA hai| jabaki darzana ke prakaTIkaraNa ke lie darzanAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama athavA kSaya kA AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana meM donoM ekadama pRthak haiN| 3. isa savikalpaka jJAna ko sAkAra upayoga ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai|| 4. jJAna AtmA kA AgaMtuka guNa nahIM, apitu nija svarUpa hai| vaha guNa evaM upayoga ina do svarUpoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| guNa rUpa meM vaha jIva yA AtmA meM sadaiva upalabdha rahatA hai, jabaki upayoga arthAt bodha rUpa vyApAra krama se hotA hai|

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[506] 5. nyAya-vaizeSika dArzanika evaM mImAMsaka jJAna ko asvasaMvedI mAnate haiM, jabaki jaina darzana meM jJAna ko svasaMvedI mAnA gayA hai| 6. yogadarzana meM mAnya atIta anAgata jJAna aura jainadarzana meM mAnya avadhijJAna Adi tIna jJAna bhUta bhaviSya kI bAta jAnate haiM L 7. bauddhadarzana meM bhI aindriyaka aura atIndriya jJAna - darzana ke lie jainadarzana ke samAna 'jANai ' aura 'pAsai' kriyA kA prayoga huA hai| jainAgama meM rAjapraznIya sUtra, bhagavatI sUtra, samavAyAMga sUtra, naMdIsUtra, sthAnAMga sUtra, SaTkhaNDAgama, kasAyapAhuDa evaM tattvArthasUtra Adi graMthoM meM jJAna ke pAMca prakAra nirUpita haiM 1. matijJAna (Abhinibodhika jJAna) 2. zrutajJAna, 3. avadhijJAna, 4 manaH paryavajJAna, 5. kevalajJAna / tIna ajJAna haiM -1. mati ajJAna, 2. zruta ajJAna aura vibhaMga jJAna / darzana ke cakSu, acakSu, avadhi aura kevala darzana ye cAra bheda hote haiN| inameM matijJAna jahA~ indriyajJAna evaM manojanya jJAna kA dyotaka hai, vahA~ zrutajJAna Atma-jJAna kA sUcaka hai| yaha jJAna prAyaH matipUrvaka hotA hai| ise zabda janya jJAna athavA AgamajJAna bhI kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra kA viveka jJAna jo AtmA ko heya aura upAdeya kA bodha karAtA hai, vaha zrutajJAna hai / avadhijJAna, manaH paryavajJAna evaM kevalajJAna pratyakSa jJAna kahalAte haiM, kyoMki ye sIdhe AtmA se hote haiN| jaina darzana ke prAcIna graMthoM meM sIdhe AtmA se hone vAle jJAna ko pratyakSa tathA indriyAdi kI sahAyatA se hone vAle jJAna ko parokSa mAnA gayA hai / isa dRSTi se matijJAna to parokSa hai hI, zrutajJAna bhI matijJAna pUrvaka hone ke kAraNa parokSa hai / mati - zruta jJAna se saba dravyoM ko evaM usakI saba paryAyoM ko parokSa rUpa se jAnA jAtA hai, pratyakSa rUpa se nahIM / avadhijJAna aura manaH paryavajJAna bhI maryAdita dravyoM kI paryAya ko sAkSAt jAnate haiM, saba dravyoM kI saba paryAyoM ko pratyakSa jAnane vAlA jJAna kevalajJAna hai| prathama tIna jJAna hI mithyAdRSTi ke ajJAna rUpa meM pariNata hote haiN| bhAratIya paramparA meM jJAna kA vivecana nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya yoga mImAMsA vedAnta, bauddha Adi sabhI darzana karate haiM, kintu jitanA vyApaka nirUpaNa jaina graMthoM meM samprAta hotA hai, vaha adabhUta hai| mati Adi pAMca prakAra ke jJAna jaina darzana ke atirikta kisI bhI darzana meM prApta nahIM hote haiN| jinabhadragaNi evaM unakA yogadAna prastuta zodha-prabandha kA mukhya AdhAra graMtha AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa (sAtavIM zatI) kI kRti vizeSAvazyakabhASya hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya eka bhASyagrantha hai jo AvazyakasUtra para likhA gayA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne Avazyaka sUtra para AcArya bhadrabAhu racita Avazyaka niryukti ke viSaya ko AdhAra banAte hue tathA niryukti meM jo viSaya chUTa gayA usako bhI spaSTa karate hue vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI racanA kI hai| sabhI pramANoM kI samIkSA karane para jinabhadragaNi kA kAla vi. saM. 545 se 650 taka sarvamAnya hai| jinabhadragaNi ke isa bhASya meM Avazyaka sUtra ke chaha AvazyakoM meM se mAtra prathama sAmAyika Avazyaka kI hI vivecanA 3603 prAkRta gAthAoM meM sampanna huI hai / vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM jaina AgamoM meM pratipAdita sabhI mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya para jinabhadragaNi ne vRtti likhI hai, jo svopajJavRtti ke nAma se prasiddha hai evaM isameM vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA rahasya bhalIbhAMti spaSTa huA hai| koTyAcArya ne isa para vivaraNa kI racanA kI hai, jo 13700 zloka parimANa hai / maladhArI hemacandra (vi. saM. 1140 - 1180) dvArA vizeSAvazyakabhASya para lagabhaga

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[507] 28000 zloka parimANa ziSyahitA nAmaka bRhadvRtti kA Alekhana kiyA gayA hai| isa vRtti meM bhASya meM jitane viSaya Aye haiM, una sabhI viSayoM ko bahuta hI sarala aura sugama dRSTi se samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| zaMkA-samAdhAna aura praznottara kI paddhati kA prAdhAnya hone ke kAraNa pAThaka ko aruci kA sAmanA nahIM karanA pdd'taa| yaha isa TIkA kI bahuta bar3I vizeSatA hai| mati Adi pAMca jJAnoM kA jo krama rakhA gayA hai, vaha svAmI, kAla, viSaya Adi ke AdhAra se hai| jJAna ke mukhya rUpa se tIna sAdhana hote haiM - 1. indriya, 2. mana aura 3. aatmaa| Agamika paramparA ke anusAra isameM se prathama do parokSa jJAna ke tathA AtmA pratyakSa jJAna kA sAdhana hotI hai| saMsArI AtmA ko pahacAnane kA jo liMga hotA hai, use indriya kahate haiN| jainadarzana meM indriyoM ko paudgalika mAnA gayA hai, jisase naiyAyikoM ke zrotra kA AkAza svarUpa mAnane ke mata kA khaNDana ho jAtA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM cakSu indriya aura mana ko prApyakArI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jabaki jinabhadragaNi ne tarkapUrvaka cakSuindriya aura mana ko aprApyakArI siddha kiyA hai evaM zeSa cAra indriyoM se hone vAle jJAna ko prApyakArI mAnA gayA hai| sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ne mana ke astitva ko svIkAra kiyA hai| jisake dvArA padArthoM kA manana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha mana kahalAtA hai| jisake dvArA atIta kI smRti aura bhaviSya kI cintA (kalpanA) kI jAtI hai, vaha dIrghakAlikI saMjJA hai| yaha saMjJA jina jIvoM ke hotI hai, unhIM ko mana kA adhikArI mAnA gayA hai| matijJAna - mana aura indriya kI sahAyatA se hone vAlA jJAna matijJAna hai| ise Abhinibodhika jJAna bhI kahA jAtA hai| arthAbhimukha hote hue jo niyata artha jJAna hai, vaha Abhinibodha hai tathA artha-bala se binA kisI vyavadhAna ke utpanna nizcayAtmaka jJAna, Abhinibodhika jJAna hai| matijJAna ke avagraha, IhA, avAya evaM dhAraNA bheda kie gaye haiM, ve bhI indriya evaM manojJAna kI prakriyA ko samajhane kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiN| inakI chAyA hameM zizupAlavadha ke prathama sarga meM taba prApta hotI hai jaba devaloka se utarate hue nAradajI kA svarUpa aspaSTa se spaSTatara hotA jAtA hai| avagraha vastu kA vaha sAmAnya jJAna hai| jisameM vastu ko nAmAdi nirdiSTa nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| 'rUpa-rasAdibhedairanirdezyasyA'vyaktasvarUpasya sAmAnyArthasyA'vagrahaNaM pricchednmvgrhH|' avagraha se jJAta vastu ke viSaya meM vizeSa jAnane kI AkAMkSA ko IhA kahA gayA hai| Ihita jJAna kA nirNaya avAya kahalAtA hai| avAya jJAna kI dRr3hatama avasthA yA saMskAra ko dhAraNA jJAna kahate haiN| ye cAroM matijJAna ke vibhinna stara haiN| SaTkhaNDAgama, tattvArthasUtra Adi meM inameM se pratyeka ke bahu-bahuvidha, alpa-alpavidha, kSipra-akSipra Adi bAraha-bAraha prakAra batAye gaye haiN| ina prakAroM kA nirUpaNa jaina darzana meM nirUpita jJAna-mImAMsA kI sUkSmatA ko darzAtA hai| pramANa mImAMsA meM mAnya sAMvyAhArika pratyakSa, smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM anumAna pramANa kA samAveza matijJAna meM hI hotA hai| yahI nahIM pUrva janmoM kA jJAna bhI matijJAna ke hI antargata samAviSTa hai| jinabhadragaNi kA vaiziSTya hai ki unhoMne matijJAna ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM se mati, prajJA, Abhinibodhika aura buddhi ko vacanaparyAya ke rUpa meM tathA IhA, apoha, vimarza, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA, saMkhyA aura smRti ko arthaparyAya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| dUsarI apekSA se mati, prajJA, avagraha, IhA, apoha Adi sabhI matijJAna ke vacanaparyAya rUpa haiM aura ina zabdoM se matijJAna ke kahane yogya bheda arthaparyAya rUpa haiN|

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[508] jinabhadragaNi ne avagraha meM hI sampUrNa matijJAna kA grahaNa kara liyA hai| unakA kathana hai ki avagraha kA artha hai - artha ko grahaNa krnaa| avagraha kI bhAMti IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA bhI kisI na kisI artha ko grahaNa karate haiM isalie ve saba sAmAnya rUpa se avagraha hI haiN| isI prakAra IhA, apAya aura dhAraNA meM sampUrNa matijJAna kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne mati aura zratajJAna meM heta aura phala kI apekSA se bheda spaSTa karate hae kahA hai ki bhAvazruta matipUrvaka hotA hai na ki drvyshrut| dravyazruta ko bhAvazruta kA kAraNa siddha kiyA hai| matijJAna ke pUrva dravyazruta ho sakatA hai| ata: naMdI sUtra meM 'Na mati suyapubviyA' meM bhAvazruta kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| jana sAmAnya meM yaha dhAraNA pracalita hai ki zrotrendriya se sambandhita jJAna zrutajJAna hai tathA zeSa indriyoM se sambandhita jJAna matijJAna hai| jinabhadragaNi isakA samAdhAna karate hue nirUpita karate haiM ki zrutAnusArI akSaralAbha hI zruta hai,vaha kisI bhI indriya se ho sakatA hai, usase bhinna jJAna matijJAna hai| yaha pAMcoM indriya aura mana se hotA hai, lekina zrutAnusArI nahIM hotA hai| ataH jo zrutAnusArI jJAna hai, vaha zrotA aura vaktA ke lie zrutajJAna hai aura jo zruta ke svarUpa se rahita hai, vaha donoM ke lie matijJAna hai| kucha AcArya matijJAna ko anakSara aura zruta ko akSara evaM anakSara rUpa ubhayAtmaka svIkAra karate haiN| jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra mati aura zruta donoM ubhayAtmaka haiM, lekina dravyAkSara kI apekSA zrutajJAna sAkSara hai, matijJAna anakSara hai| jinabhadragaNi kA kathana hai ki bhASyamANa artha ko dravya zruta rUpa mAnane para bhAvazruta kA abhAva prApta hotA hai| isalie buddhi se Alocita hue arthoM meM jo artha zrutamati sahita bhASaNa karane ke yogya hai, cAhe vaha artha usa samaya nahIM bolA jA rahA hai, to bhI vaha bhAvazruta hai, jabaki zeSa artha mati hai| jinabhadragaNi ne zrutajJAna ko abhilApya tathA matijJAna ko abhilApya aura anabhilApya rUpa mAnA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne mati aura zruta donoM meM indriya aura mana kA nimitta svIkAra kiyA hai| jabaki pUrvAcArya umAsvAti ne matijJAna ko indriya aura mana ke nimittaka tathA zrutajJAna ko manonimittaka mAnA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne autpattikI Adi cAra buddhiyoM ko avagrahAdi se abhinna mAnA hai| avagraha ke sambandha meM kucha AcAryoM kA mAnanA hai ki 'yaha vaha hai' aisA sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka jJAna avagraha rUpa hai| jinabhadragaNi kahate haiM ki yaha jJAna to nizcaya rUpa hai, jisako svIkAra karane para IhA, apAya kI pravRtti nahIM ho sakegI, isalie yaha ucita nahIM hai| jinabhadragaNi vyaMjanAvagraha ke pUrva darzana ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, jabaki pUrvAcArya pUjyapAda ne vyaMjanAvagraha ke pUrva darzana ko svIkAra kiyA hai| jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra zruta sAkSara aura mati sAkSara aura anakSara rUpa hotA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne vyaMjanAvagraha ko jJAna rUpa mAnA hai| bahu, bahuvidha Adi bAraha bheda eka samaya vAle avagraha meM ghaTita nahIM hote haiM, isake lie jinabhadragaNi ne sAMvyavahArika avagraha kI kalpanA karake ina bhedoM ko ghaTita kiyA hai|

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[509] pUjyapAda Adi ke anusAra avyakta grahaNa vyaMjanAvagraha tathA vyakta grahaNa arthAvagraha hai, jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra vyaMjanAvagraha meM viSaya aura viSayI ke sannipAta se darzana nahIM hotA hai / arthAvagraha meM sAmAnya, anirdezya evaM nAma, svarUpa jAti se rahita jJAna hotA hai, jise apekSA vizeSa se darzana kI zreNI meM rakha sakate haiN| jabaki vIrasenAcArya ne prApta artha kA grahaNa vyaMjanAvagraha aura aprApta artha kA grahaNa arthAvagraha kahA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne darzana, AlocanA evaM avagraha ko abhinna mAnA hai, jabaki maladhArI hemacandra AlocanA ko arthAvagraha rUpa mAnate haiM, lekina unhoMne darzana ke bAda avagraha ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai / jinabhadragaNi ne vyaMjAnAvagraha ko jJAna rUpa mAnA hai| unhoMne arthAvagraha ke naizcayika aura vyAvahArika bheda kiye haiN| sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kI avadhAraNA bhI jinabhadragaNi kI hI dena hai| jinabhadragaNi ne avagraha aura saMzaya ko bhinna rUpa mAnA hai evaM saMzaya ko jJAna rUpa svIkAra kiyA hai, kintu use pramANa nahIM mAnA hai / vizeSAvazyakabhASya aura bRhadvRtti meM avAya ko aupacArika rUpa se arthAvagraha kahA gayA hai| avagraha ke donoM bhedoM meM se vyaMjanAvagraha nirNayAtmaka nahIM hone tathA anadhyavasAyAtmaka rUpa hone ke kAraNa vaha pramANa kI koTi meM nahIM AtA hai| lekina jinabhadragaNi ne upacarita arthAvagraha ko pratyakSa pramANa kahA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne avagraha aura IhA ke madhya meM saMzaya ko sthAna nahIM diyA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne nirNayAtmaka jJAna kI avicchinna rUpa se sthiti ko dhAraNA mAnA hai / yahA~ avicyuti ko upalakSaNa se mAnate hue avicyuti, vAsanA (saMskAra) aura smRti ina tInoM ko dhAraNA rUpa svIkAra kiyA hai| jabaki pUrvAcArya pUjyapAda ne vAsanA (saMskAra) ko hI dhAraNA rUpa mAnA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne naizcayika arthAvagraha kA kAla eka samaya, vyaMjanAvagraha tathA vyAvahArika arthAvagraha kA kAla antarmuhUrta, IhA aura apAya kA kAla antarmuhUrta, avicyuti aura smRti rUpa dhAraNA kA kAla bhI antarmuhUrta, vAsanA rUpa dhAraNA kA kAla saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta kAla taka mAnA hai / jinabhadragaNi ke mata meM kisI apekSA se avagraha bhI darzana hotA hai, kyoMki unhoMne darzana kA vizeSa ullekha nahIM kiyA hai lekina vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM unheMne eka sthAna para avagraha - IhA ko darzana rUpa mAnA hai, darzana ke samAna avagraha meM vizeSataH arthAvagraha meM nirvikalpakatA aura nirAkAratA prApta hotI hai, zrutajJAna jise matijJAna pUrvaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| indriyoM se hone vAle jJAna ke pazcAt heya aura upAdeya kA bodha zrutajJAna se hI hotA hai / yaha sat-asat kA bheda karAne meM samartha hotA hai| heya upAdeya kA bodha karAne ke kAraNa Agama jJAna ko bhI zrutajJAna kahA gayA hai| zrutajJAna ke bhedoM kI cAra paramparAeM prApta hotI haiM - 1. anuyogadvAra sUtra me nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva ke AdhAra para zrutajJAna kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 2. Avazyakaniryukti meM akSara - anakSara, saMjJI - asaMjJI, samyak-mithyA zruta, sAdi-anAdi zruta, saparyavasita-aparyavasita zruta, gamika-agamika zruta,

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[510] aMgapraviSTa-aMgabAhya zruta, ye caudaha bheda vivecita haiN| 3. SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra yathA paryAya, paryAyasamAsa, akSara, akSarasamAsa, pada, padasamAsa, saMghAta, saMghAtasamAsa, pratipatti, pratipattisamAsa, anuyogadvAra, anuyogadvArasamAsa, prAbhRtaprAbhRta, prAbhRtaprAbhRtasamAsa, prAbhRta, prAbhRtasamAsa, vastu, vastusamAsa, pUrva aura pUrvasamAsa. ye bIsa bheda nirUpita haiN| 4. tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya ye do bheda prApta hote haiN| uparyukta bhedoM meM Avazyakaniyukti kRta bhedoM se zrutajJAna ke sambandha meM viziSTa jAnakArI milatI hai, isalie ye bheda ucita pratIta hote haiN| maladhArI hemacandra kI bRhadvRtti ke anusAra jise AtmA sune vaha zruta hai, kyoMki zabda ko jIva sunatA hai, isalie zrutajJAna zabda rUpa hI hai| yadi aisA mAneMge to zruta Atma-pariNAma rUpa nahIM rahegA, kyoMki zabda paudgalika hone se mUrta rUpa hotA hai jabaki AtmA amUrta hai| kintu mUrta vastu amUrta kA pariNAma nahIM hotI hai aura Agama meM to zrutajJAna ko Atma-pariNAma rUpa mAnA gayA hai| ataH vaktA dvArA bolA gayA zabda zrutajJAna kA nimitta hotA hai| zrutajJAna ke isa nimittabhUta zabda meM zruta kA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai, lekina paramArtha se jIva (AtmA) hI zruta hai| yadi zabdollekhajJAna zrutajJAna hai to isa lakSaNa se ekendriya jIvoM meM zruta jJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai, isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna karate hue jinabhadragaNi ne kahA hai ki ekendriya jIvoM meM bhI zrutajJAna (zruta ajJAna) AhAra saMjJA Adi ke samaya hotA hai, para vaha atyanta manda rUpa hotA hai| jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra akSara kA sarvadravya paryAya pariNAma vAlA hone se akSara kA vizeSa artha kevalajJAna hotA hai, jisakA rUr3ha artha zrutajJAna hotA hai, kyoMki rUr3hi vaza akSara kA artha varNa jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra labdhi akSara ke do bheda hote haiM - 1. indriya aura mana ke nimitta se zrutagraMtha ke anusAra jJAna evaM 2. zrutajJAnAvaraNa kA kssyopshm| jinadAsagaNi evaM maliyagiri ne prathama artha tathA haribhadra evaM yazovijaya ne uparyukta donoM arthoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| maladhArI hemacandra ne bRhadvRtti meM hastAdi ceSTAoM ko zrutajJAna mAnA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne indriyajJAna ko paramArtha se anumAna rUpa hI svIkAra kiyA hai| jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ke AdhAra para jo zrutajJAna ke viSaya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| usameM jAnane (jANai) aura dekhane (pAsai) rUpa do kriyAoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ApakA mata hai ki naMdIsUtra meM 'jANai na pAsai' honA caahie| kyoMki zrutajJAnI jAnatA hai, lekina acakSudarzana se dekhatA nahIM hai| avadhijJAna - indriya evaM mana kI sahAyatA ke binA sIdhe AtmA se hone vAle jJAna ko avadhijJAna kahA jAtA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM caudaha nikSepoM yA dvAroM kI apekSA avadhijJAna kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai, ve nikSepa haiM - 1. avadhi, 2. kSetraparimANa, 3. saMsthAna, 4. AnugAmika, 5. avasthita, 6. cala, 7. tIvramaMda, 8. pratipAti-utpAda, 9. jJAna, 10. darzana, 11. vibhaMga, 12. deza, 13. kSetra aura 14. gti| ina caudaha dvAroM ke bAda paMdrahaveM dvAra ke rUpa meM Rddhi kA ullekha kiyA hai| ___ avadhijJAna ke do prakAra pramukha haiM - 1. bhavapratyaya aura 2. guNapratyaya avdhijnyaan| janma se hone vAlA avadhijJAna bhavapratyaya kahalAtA hai| yaha devoM aura nArakoM ko janma se prApta hotA hai| isa jJAna ke mAdhmaya se ve aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga se lekara sampUrNa loka ke rUpI padArthoM kA jJAna

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kara lete haiN| guNapratyaya avadhijJAna manuSya evaM paMcendriya tiryaMcoM ko hotA hai| yaha janma se nahIM apitu avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se prApta hotA hai| isake mukhya rUpa se chaha prakAra nirUpita haiM - 1. anugAmika - jo avadhijJAna prakaTa hone ke bAda utpatti sthAna ko chor3ane para bhI sAtha rahatA hai, use anugAmika kahate haiN| 2. anAnugAmika jisa sthAna para jJAna prakaTa hotA hai, usa utpatti sthAna ko chor3ane para jJAna sAtha na rahe to use AnugAmika avadhijJAna kahA jAtA hai| 3. vardhamAna jo avadhijJAna eka bAra prakaTa hone ke bAda niraMtara bar3hatA rahatA hai, use vardhamAna avadhijJAna kahA jAtA hai| 4. hIyamAna jo avadhijJAna prakaTa hone ke bAda nirantara kSINa hotA jAtA hai, vaha hIyamAna avadhijJAna hai| 5. avasthita jo avadhijJAna utpanna hone ke pazcAt banA rahatA hai, use avasthita avadhijJAna kahate haiN| 6. anavasthita- jo avadhijJAna prakaTa hone ke anantara nyUnAdhika hotA rahatA hai athavA samApta ho jAtA hai, use anavasthita avadhijJAna hai / isake alAvA avadhijJAna ke nimna bheda bhI prApta hote haiM 1. dezAvadhi, 2. paramAvadhi, 3. sarvAvadhi, 4. sapratipAti, 5. apratipAti, 6. eka kSetrAvadhi aura 7. aneka kSetrAvadhi / jinabhadragaNi ne tIvra - maMda dvAra kA svarUpa samajhAne ke lie spardhaka avadhijJAna kA varNana kiyA hai, jisake antargata avadhijJAnI ko kucha kSetra jJAta, phira kucha ajJAta evaM phira kucha kSetra jJAta hotA hai| - - - [511] samyagdRSTi jIva ke avadhijJAna aura mithyAdRSTi ke vibhaMgajJAna hotA hai| kucha AcAryoM ne isa prasaMga para vibhaMga darzana ko siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, jisakA jinabhadragaNi ne khaNDana kiyA hai / - jinabhadragaNi ne kSetra dvAra meM saMbaddha aura asaMbaddha avadhikSetra kA varNana kiyA hai| manaH paryavajJAna - saMyama kI vizuddhi se manaH paryavajJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama hone para jo jJAna prakaTa hotA hai, use manaH paryavajJAna kahate haiM / manaH paryavajJAna garbhaja karmabhUmija saMkhyAta varSAyuSyaka paryApta samyagdRSTi apramatta RddhiprApta saMyata manuSya ko hI hotA hai| isake mukhya rUpa se do bheda hote haiM Rjumati jo sAmAnya rUpa se manodravya ko jAnatA hai, vaha Rjumati manaH paryavajJAna hai / jaiseki amuka vyakti ne ghaTa kA cintana kiyA hai| hai / amuka vyakti ne ghar3e kA cintana kiyA hai, vaha kAla Adi ko jAnanA vipulamati manaH paryavajJAna hai| vipulamati usase vizeSagrAhI jJAna vipulamati ghar3A sone kA banA huA hai ityAdi dravya, kSetra, - isa jJAna meM dUsare kI mana kI paryAyoM ko jAnA jAtA hai| isa jJAna ke sambandha meM pramukhataH do mAnyatAeM hai - prathama mAnyatA ke anusAra manaH paryavajJAna dvArA mana kA pratyakSa hone ke sAtha mana ke dvArA cintita artha kA sIdhA pratyakSa hotA hai / isa mata kA mukhya rUpa se digambarAcAryoM ne samarthana kiyA hai| manaHparyavajJAnI tInoM kAloM ke vicAra, vANI aura vartana ko jAna sakatA hai| dUsarI mAnyatA jinabhadragaNi Adi zvetAmbarAcAryoM kI hai, jisake anusAra manogata artha kA vicAra karane se jo mana kI dazA hotI hai, usa dazA athavA paryAyoM ko manaH paryAyajJAnI pratyakSa jAnatA hai / kintu una dazAoM meM jo artha rahA huA hai, usako vaha anumAna se jAnatA hai / manaH paryavajJAna ke isa prakaraNa meM yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki matijJAna ke pUrva jisa prakAra cakSudarzana athavA acakSudarzana hote haiM, avadhidarzana ke pUrva avadhidarzana tathA kevalajJAna ke pUrva kevaladarzana hotA hai, usI prakAra manaH paryava jJAna kA darzana kyoM nahIM hotA hai ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna

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[512] karate hue kahA gayA hai ki mana:paryavajJAna ke pUrva darzana nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki mana kI paryAya savikalpa hotI hai, ata unakA jJAna bhI savikalpaka hI hotA hai| kevalajJAna - samasta dravyoM aura unakI paryAyoM kA AtmA meM hone vAlA sAkSAt jJAna kevalajJAna kahalAtA hai| kevalajJAna ke aneka vizeSaNa diye gaye haiM, yathA 1. paripUrNa, 2. samagra (sampUrNa), 3. sakala, 4. asAdhAraNa, 5. nirapekSa, 6. vizuddha, 7. sarvabhAvaprajJApaka, 8. saMpUrNa lokAloka viSayaka, 9. anaMta paryAya, 10. ananta, 11. ekavidha, 12. asapatna, 13. zAzvata, 14. apratipAtI, 15. ashaay| ina vizeSaNoM se kevalajJAna ke svarUpa ko samajhane meM sahAyatA milatI hai| jJAnAvaraNa kA pUrNa kSaya hone para kevalajJAna prakaTa hotA hai| isameM prakaTIkaraNa ke pUrva mohakarma kA pUrNa kSaya anivArya hotA hai, kyoMki moha karma evaM jJAnAvaraNIya karma meM ghaniSTha sambandha hai| jyoM-jyoM moha baDhatA hai, tyoM-tyoM jJAnAvaraNa karma bar3hatA jAtA hai tathA moha ke ghaTane ke sAtha jJAna kA prakaTIkaraNa svataH hotA rahatA hai| 'mohakSayAjjJAnadarzanAvaraNAntarAyakSayAcca kevalam' (tattvArthasUtra 10.1) arthAt moha kA pUrNa kSaya hone para jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaNa aura antarAya karma antarmuhUrta meM svata: hI kSaya ho jAte haiN| kevalajJAnI do prakAra ke hote haiM - bhavastha aura siddhsth| isa saMsAra meM rahate hue bhI jo kevalajJAna prakaTa hotA vaha bhavastha kevalajJAna kahA jAtA hai| vaha sayogI aura ayogI ke bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai| zarIra chUTane ke pazcAt jo kevalajJAna hotA hai, use siddhastha kevalajJAna hai| chadmastha meM darzana aura jJAna ke viSaya meM zvetAmbara paramparA aura digambara paramparA donoM ekamata haiN| kevalI ke viSaya meM digambara paramparA ne eka mata se yugapadvAda kA samarthana kiyA hai, jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM tIna mata prApta hote haiM -1. kramavAda, 2. yugapadvAda, 3. abhedvaad| haribhadrasUri ke anusAra yugapadvAda ke samarthaka AcArya siddhasena, kramavAda ke samarthaka jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa aura abhedavAda ke samarthaka vRddhAcArya haiN| jinabhadragaNi ne Agamika mata kramavAda ko puSTa kiyA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne isa Agamika mAnyatA ko puSTa kiyA hai ki kevalI antarmuhUrta AyuSya zeSa rahane para hI kevalI samudghAta karate haiN| jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra chadmasthoM meM manonirodha mAtra rUpa prayatna dhyAna hai to jinezvaroM ke kAyayoga nirodha rUpa dhyAna hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha yadyapi mukhya rUpa se jinabhadragaNi ke vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM usa para maladhArI hemacandra dvArA racita bRhadvRtti para AdhArita hai tathApi jaina jJAnamImAMsIya adhyayana ko samagratA pradAna karane kI dRSTi se samasta zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya tathA digambara paramparA ke sabhI pramukha prAcIna graMthoM kA anuzIlana kara jJAnamImAMsA ke ajJAta binduoM kA prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| adhyayana karate samaya jJAnamImAMsA ke aneka binduoM para zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM jo matabheda najara Aye haiM, unakA kathana sambandhita adhyAyoM ke samIkSaNa meM kiyA gayA hai| vibhinna vivAdAspada binduoM kI samIkSA kara niSkarSa bhI diye gaye haiN| isa zodha-kArya meM jina ajJAta tathyoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai tathA svamati se jina tathyoM kI sthApanA kI gaI hai, unameM se kucha bindu nimna prakAra se haiM

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[513] 1. AvazyakasUtra ke karttA ke sambandha meM niSkarSa nikAlA gayA ki caturvidha saMgha meM pahale dina bhI sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko Avazyaka karanA anivArya hotA hai evaM usa dina dIkSita sabhI sAdhu-sAdhvI viziSTa mati vAle nahIM hote haiM, ataH unake lie gaNadhara dvAdazAMgI kI racanA ke sAtha hI saMbhavatayA Avazyaka kI bhI racanA karate hoM, kintu vartamAna meM jo Avazyaka prApta hotA hai, vaha pUrNata: gaNadhara kRta nahIM hai| usameM kAlakrama se pUrvAcAryoM ne parivartana kiyA hai| ataH vartamAna meM prApta Avazyaka kA kucha bhAga gaNadharakRta aura kucha bhAga sthavirakRta ho sakatA hai| 2. isI prakAra Avazyakaniryukti ke karttA ke sambandha meM yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki niryukti kI racanA caturdazapUrvadhArI bhadrabAhu se prAraMbha ho gaI thI aura kAlakrama se unameM prasaMgAnusAra gAthAeM jur3atI gaI aura anta meM naimittika bhadrabAhu ne pariSkRta svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai| 3. zvetAmbara AgamoM meM mana ke do bheda - dravyamana aura bhAvamana nahIM hai, isakI puSTi kI gaI hai / 4. AgamAnusAra ekendriyAdi asaMjJI prANiyoM meM bhAva mana nahIM hotA hai, isa mata ko puSTa kiyA gayA hai| 5. naMdIsUtra meM to avagrahAdi cAra bheda zrutanizrita ke hI batAye haiM, lekina sthAnAMgasUtra ke anusAra zrutanizrita aura azrutanizrita donoM ke avagrahAdi bheda kiye haiM, isake kAraNa ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| 6. vyaMjanAvagraha aura arthAvagraha ke svarUpa meM pUjyapAda, jinabhadragaNi aura vIrasenAcArya meM matabheda kA ullekha kara samanvaya sthApita kiyA gayA hai| 7. bhagavatIsUtra meM matijJAna ke viSaya meM 'jANai' 'pAsai' kriyAoM kA ullekha hai jabaki naMdIsUtra ke meM 'jANai Na pAsai' kriyA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, isa Agama bheda ke kAraNa ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / 8. Agama ke vyAkhyAkAroM ke anusAra ekendriya meM eka dravyendriya aura pAMcoM bhAvendriyA~ hotI haiM, jabaki AgamAnusAra ekendriya meM eka dravyendriya aura eka hI bhAvendriya hotI hai, isa mAnyatA kI puSTi kI gaI hai| 9. zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA meM mAnya dvAdazAMgoM ke svarUpa kA saMkSipta paricaya dete hue usakI samIkSA kI gaI hai| 10. jinabhadragaNi ke anusAra zrutajJAna ke viSaya ke sambandha meM naMdIsUtra meM 'jANai pAsai' ke sthAna para 'jANai na pAsai' prayoga honA cAhie thA, kyoMki zrutajJAnI acakSudarzana se nahIM dekhatA hai| zrutajJAnI kaise dekhatA hai, isako Agama AdhAra se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| 11. prajJApanA sUtra ke 33veM pada evaM naMdIsUtra meM pAye jAne vAle avadhijJAna ke bhedoM meM jo bhinnatA hai, usakA kAraNa spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| 12. avadhijJAna ke jaghanya viSaya kSetra kI samIkSA karate hue AgamAnusAra yaha siddha kiyA gayA hai ki avagAhanA kA saMkoca parabhava (gatyantara) meM hI hotA hai / 13. vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke alAvA kinhIM - kinhIM granthoM meM dravya vargaNA ke bayAlIsa prakAroM kA ullekha bhI prApta hotA hai, unakI saMgati biThAI gaI hai|

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[514] 14. vaimAnika meM jaghanya aura utkRSTa avadhi ke pramANa meM jo visaMgati yA matAntara hai, usakA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| 15. avasthita avadhijJAna ke sambandha meM anya graMthoM meM prApta carcA kA vistAra se varNana karate hue usake svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| 16. TIkAkAroM ne apratipAtI avadhijJAna aura vipulamati mana:paryavajJAna ko kevalajJAna ke prakaTIkaraNa ke pUrva taka rahanA svIkAra kiyA hai, lekina Agama pramANa dekara isakA khaNDana karate hue apratipAtI kA artha bhavaparyanta hI mAnanA cAhie, isa mata ko siddha kiyA gayA hai| 17. pratipAta-utpAda dvAra ke mAdhyama se bAhya aura AbhyaMtara avadhijJAna kA varNana kiyA gayA 18. digambara paramparA meM Rjumati aura vipulamati ke prabhedoM kA ullekha hai, zvetAmbara sAhitya meM inakA ullekha nahIM hote hue bhI arthAntara se ina prabhedoM ke bIja prApta hote haiM, isakA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| 19. svAmI, vizuddhi, viSaya, dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva, bhava, ajJAna, zakti aura pratyaya kI apekSA se avadhijJAna evaM manaHparyavajJAna donoM meM bhinnatA siddha kI gaI hai| 20. zvetAmbara aura digambara mAnyatA ke anusAra Rjumati-vipulamati mana:paryavajJAna ke svarUpa kA spaSTa kiyA hai| 21. Rjumati aura vipulamati mana:paryavajJAna ke prabhedoM kA ullekha digambara graMthoM meM milatA hai ramparAoM meM Rjumati aura vipulamati ke prabhedoM ke sambandha meM apekSA vizeSa se mAnyatA bheda hai| isako spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| 22. mana:paryavajJAna se jAnane kI prakriyA ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| ___23. manaHparyavajJAna kA darzana kyoM nahIM hotA hai, isakA spaSTIkaraNa AgamAnusAra kiyA gayA 24. antarasiddha kevalajJAna ke bhedoM ko anya Agama-graMthoM ke AdhAra se vizeSa spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| 25. napusaMkaliMga siddha meM TIkAkAroM ne kRtrima napuMsaka kA hI grahaNa kiyA hai, lekina Agama AdhAroM se janma napusaMka bhI mokSa jA sakatA hai, isakI siddhi kI gaI hai| 26. prasaMgAnusAra kevalI samudghAta, kevalI yoga nirodha Adi kA varNana zvetAmbara aura digambara ke Agama-graMthoM ke AdhAra para vizeSa rUpa se spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra prastuta zodha-prabandha vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kA sahayoga lete hue zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA ke anya Agama-graMthoM meM jo matabheda athavA samAnatAeM haiM, unakI carcA kI gaI hai| isase jaina vAGmaya meM nirUpita jJAnamImAMsA ke sambandha meM tulanAtmaka jAnakArI isa zodha-prabandha meM samIkSita huI hai|

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[515] graMtha sUcI (BIBLIOGRAPHY) (a) AdhAra graMtha vizeSAvazyaka bhASya : vizeSAvazyakabhASya : bhAga 1-2, maladhArI hemacandra bRhadvRtti sahita, bhAI samaratha jaina zve. mU. zAstroddhAra TrasTa, ahamadAbAda, vI. saM. 2489 bhAga 1-3, jinabhadrakRta svopajJavRtti, (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMndira, ahamadAbAda, I. 1966-68 (gujarAtI anuvAda), bhAga 1-2, Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, prathama saMskaraNa, I. 1924-27 (hindI anuvAda sahita), bhAga 1, AcArya zrI subhadramuni muni mAyArAma sambodhi prakAzana, dillI, prathama saMskaraNa, I. 2009 vizeSAvazyakabhASya : vizeSAvazyakabhASya : (A) sahAyaka graMtha anuyogadvAra sUtra : anuyogadvAra vRtti abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa : aSTaprAbhRta aSTasahastrI Agamayuga kA jaina darzana AgamazabdakoSa yuvAcArya madhukara muni, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa, I. 1987 zrI RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma bhAga 1-7, zrImad rAjendrasUri, zrI abhidhAna rAjendrakoSa prakAzana saMsthA, ahamadAbAda, I.1986, kundakundAcArya, paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa AcArya vidyAnaMda, digambara jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura, san 1989 paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, dvitIya saMskaraNa, I. 1990 sampAdaka AcArya tulasI, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, san 1980 'AcArAMgasUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtraM ca', motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, san 1978 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maMDala, banArasa, I.1953 AcArya vidyAnaMda, bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvat pariSad, san 1992 samantabhadrAcArya (jugalakizora mukhtAra), vIrasevA maMdira TrasTa, vArANasI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1978 AcArya devasenAcArya, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, prathama saMskaraNa, I. 1989 zrI RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, I.1928-29 bhAga 1, zrI jinazAsana ArAdhanA TrasTa, mumbaI, vikrama saM. 2046 AcArAMga TIkA AtmamImAMsA Apta-parIkSA AptamImAMsA AlApa paddhati Avazyaka cUrNi Avazyakaniyukti

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[517] gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa : bhAga 1-2, AcArya nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 18, iDasTrITyuzanala eriyA, lodI ror3a naI dillI-3, tRtIya saMskaraNa, I. 2000, jaMbUdvIpaprajJaptivRtti : muni dIparatnasAgara, Agama ArAdhanA kendra, ahamadAbAda, I. 2000 jIvasamAsa sampA. DaoN. sAgaramalajaina, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, I. 1998 jIvAjIvAbhigama sUtra : bhAga 1-2, yuvAcArya madhukara muni, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, jaina Agama sAhitya : devendramuni zAstrI, zrI tArakaguru jaina graMthAlaya, udayapura, : manana aura mImAMsA prathama saMskaraNa, I. 1977 jaina Agama sAhitya : saMpA. ke. Ara. candra, prAkRta jaina vidyA vikAsa phaMDa, ahamadAbAda, I.1992 jaina karma siddhAta zrI madhukara muni, muni zrI hajArImala smRti prakAzana, byAvara jaina karma siddhAMta kA : DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura tulanAtmaka adhyayana jaina tattva prakAza zrI amola jaina jJAnaprasAraka saMsthA, kalyANa svAmI mArga, dhuliyA mahA. jainatarkabhASA zrI yazovijayagaNi (anuvAda-paM. zobhAcandra bhArilla), zrI ratna jaina pustakAlaya, AcArya samrAT zrI AnaMdaRSimArga, ahamadanagara, dvitIyasaMskaraNa, I. 1992 jaina darzana meM atIndriya jJAna : sAdhvI (DaoN.) saMyama jyoti, prathama saMskaraNa, I. 1997 jaina darzana meM jJAna mImAMsA : muni nathamala, seTha mannAlAlajI surANA, memoriyala TrasTa, kalakattA jainadarzana meM trividha : sAdhvI DaoN. priyalatA zrI, zrI pArzvamaNi jaina tIrtha TrasTa, peddatumbalam, AtmA kI avadhAraNA prathama saMskaraNa, I. 2007 jaina darzana : svarUpa : AcArya devendramuni, zrI tArakaguru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura, aura vizleSaNa dvitIya saMskaraNa, I. 1996 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa: bhAga 1-4, AcArya zrI hastImalajI mahArAja, jaina itihAsa samiti, lAlabhavana caur3A rAstA, jayapura jainadharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya : sAdhvI saMghamitrA, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, prathama saMskaraNa, I. 1979 jaina dharma-darzana : eka : DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA, seTha mUthAlAla chaganamala memoriyala, samIkSAtmaka vivecana phAuNDezana, baiMgalora, I. 1999 jainanyAya kailAzacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, kalakattA, I. 1966 jaina, bauddha aura gItA : bhAga 1-2, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, ke AcAra darzanoM kA jayapura, san 1982 tulanAtmaka adhyayana jaina lakSaNAvalI bhAga 1-3, vIra sevA maMdira prakAzana, dariyAgaMja, dillI, I. 1972 jaina saMmata jJAnacarcA : DaoN. haranArAyaNa, paMDyA, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti, prAcya vidyA maMdira, ahamadAbAda, I. 1991

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa : bhAga 1-6, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa : mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI, AcArya omkAra jJAnamaMdira, jaina siddhAMta dIpikA jainendrasiddhAMta koSa jJAnabinduprakaraNam jJAnArNava jJAnasAra tattvAnuzAsana tattvabodhavidhAyinI tattvasAra tattvArthAdhigama sUtra tattvArthabhASya tattvArthabhASya vRtti tattvArtharAjavArtika tattvArtharAjavArtika (rAjavArtika) tattvArthavRtti tattvArthazlokavArtika tattvArthasAra tattvArtha sUtra tiloyapaNNatti darzana aura cintana 1: : : : : : : : [518] : sUrata, I. 2009 AcArya tulasI, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU (rAja.), I. 1970 bhAga 1-4, kSu. jinendravarNI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, netAjI subhASa mArga, dillI, I. 1971 upAdhyAya yazovijaya (paM. sukhalAla saMghavI ) siMghI jaina graMthamAlA, sAbaramatI, vi. saM. 1998 zrI vizvakalyANa prakAzana TrasTa, mehasAnA, saMvat 2042 padmasiMha muni, mANikya digambara jainagranthamAlA, mumbaI, vi.sa. 1965 zrI rAmasenAcArya, saMpA. yugalakizora mukhtAra, vIrasevA maMdira TrasTa, dariyAgaMja, dillI, I. 1963 (sammatitarkaTIkA) abhayadevasUri, sampA. paM. sukhalAla saMghavI evaM becaradAsa dozI, gujarAta vidyApITha, gujarAta purAtattva mandira, ahamadAbAda zrIdevasena, bhAratIya digambara jaina graMthamAlA, bambaI, vi. 1975 seTha devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoM phaMDa, mumbaI prathama saMskaraNa, vi. saM. 1982 bhAga. 1-2, svopajJa ( umAsvAti), seTha devacandra lAlabhAI- jaina pustakoM phaMDa, mumbaI prathama saMskaraNa, vi. saM. 1982 siddhasena gaNI, seTha devacandra lAlabhAI - jaina pustakoM phaMDa, mumbaI prathama saMskaraNa, vi. saM. 1982 bhaTTAkalaMkadeva, (saMpAdana paM. gajAdharalAla jaina), sanAtana jaina graMthamAlA, I. 1915 (hindIsAra sahita), bhaTTAkalaMkadeva, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, naI dillI, dvitIya AvRtti, I. 1944, zrutasAgara sUri, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI, I. 1949 AcArya vidyAnanda (saMpA. manohara lAla), gAMdhInAthAraMga jaina graMthAlaya, mumbaI, I. 1918 zrI amRtacandrAcArya, zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI granthamAlA, vArANasI, I. 1970 zrI umAsvAti (vyAkhyA- pa. sukhalAlajI), pArzvanAtha zodhasaMsthAna, vArANasI, SaSTha saMskaraNa, I. 2007 jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, dvitIya saMskaraNa, fa. H. 2012 bhAga 1-2, paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, paNDita sukhalAlajI sanmAna samiti, ahamadAbAda, san 1957

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[519] naMdIsUtra darzana pAhuDa : mANikacandra graMthamAlA, bambaI, vi. saM. 1977 darzana sAra : nAthUrAma premI, bambaI , I. 1974 dazAzrutaskaMdha (trINi chedasUtrANi): yuvAcArya madhukara muni, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1992 dazavaikAlika sUtra yuvAcArya zrI madhukaramunijI, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) prathama saMskaraNa, san 1985 dravya loka prakAza samyagjJAna pracAraka maMDala, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa, I. 2012 dravyasaMgraha AcArya nemicandra, suvidhi nAtha candrikA prakAzana saMsthA, auraMgAbAda, I. 2000 dvAdazAraM nayacakram bhAga 1-3, sampA. zrI jambUvijaya, jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi. saM. 2022 ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja, zrI a.bhA.zve.sthAnakavAsI jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, I. 1958 naMdIsUtra vAcanA pramukha - AcArya tulasI, saM. AcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, dvitIya saMskaraNa, I. 2011 naMdIsUtra AcAryazrI hastImala jI ma.sA., samyagjJAna pracAraka maMDala, jayapura, dvitIya saMskaraNa, I. 2009 naMdIsUtra yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, dvitIya saMskaraNa, I.1991 zrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja, AcArya zrI AtmArAma jaina prakAzana samiti, ludhiyAnA, prathama saMskaraNa, I. 1966 naMdIsUtra pArasamuni, zrI akhila bhAratIya sudharma jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, byAvara, paMcama saMskaraNa, I. 2003 naMdIsUtram naMdIcUrNi evaM hAribhadrIya vRtti sahita, zrI jinazAsana ArAdhanA TrasTa, mumbaI, vi. saM. 2045 nandIsUtra cUrNi jinadAsa gaNi mahattara, prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI, vArANasI, san 1966 naMdIsUtra vRtti haribhadra sUri, prAkRta grantha pariSad vArANasI, I. 1966 naMdIvRtti malayagiri, zrI Agamodayasamiti, sUrata, I.1982 nayacakra mAilla dhavala, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, I. 1971 navatattvaprakaraNa khImajI bhImasiMha mANaka, mumbaI, I. 1949 niyamasAra zrI kundakundAcArya, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, mumbaI, I. 1985 niyukti saMgraha bhadrabAhu viracita, zrI harSa puSpAmRta jaina graMthamAlA, lAkhAbAvala, zAMtipurI (saurASTra), I. 1989 niyuktipaMcaka (dazvaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga aura dazAzruskaMdha niyukti) khaNDa 3, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, prathama saMskaraNa, I. 1999 naMdIsUtra

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nizcayanaya dvAtriMzikA : nyAyAvatAravArtika vRtti : nyAyakumudacandra nyAyadIpikA nyAyaratnasAra : nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNamH nyAyAvatAra paramAtmaprakAza paMcasaMgraha ( zvetAmbara) : pramANa mImAMsA pramANamImAMsA pramANaparIkSA : paMcasaMgraha (digambara ) paMcAdhyAyI (uttarArddha) paMcAstikAya padmapurANa parIkSAmukha prakIrNaka sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA prajJApanAsUtra : : : : prajJApanAvRtti prabhAvakacaritam pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra : : : : : prameyakamalamArtaNDa : siddhasena divAkara, jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi. saM. 1965 vAdirAja sUri, siMdhI jaina zAstra zikSA pITha, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, mumbaI bhAga 1-2, AcArya prabhAcandra, mANikacandra di0 jaina graMtha mAlA, bambaI, I. 1932 darabArIlAla jaina koThiyA, vIra sevA maMdira, sarasAvA - sahAranapura ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja, AcArya zrI ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja sAhitya prakAzana samiti, indaura bhAratIya jJAna pITha, kAzI, I. 1949 siddhasena, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, I. 1950 rAjacandra granthamAlA, dvitIya saMskaraNa, vi. saM. 2007 bhAga 1 - 10 candrarSimahattara praNIta, vivecaka AcArya zrI raghunAtha jaina zodha saMsthAna, jodhapura bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, I. 1960 [520] 1 marudhara kesarI, granthaprakAzana kAryAlaya, malhAragaMja, indaura kundakudAcArya, bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvat pariSad bhAga 1, AcArya raviSeNa (DaoN. pannAlAla jaina), bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, AThavAM saMskaraNa, I. 2000 zrI mANikyanandyAcArya, (hindI vyAkhyA - paM. mohanalAlazAstrI) bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvat pariSada, tRtIya saMskaraNa, I. 2005 sampA. pro. sAgaramala jaina, Agama ahiMsA, samatA evaM prAkRta sAhitya saMsthAna, udayapura, prathama saMskaraNa, I. 1995 bhAga 1-3, yuvAcArya madhukara muni, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa, I. 1983 muni dIparatnasAgara, Agama ArAdhanA kendra, ahamadAbAda prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, punarmudraNa, I. 2009 vAdidevasUri, vyAkhyA - paM. zobhAcandra bhArilla, zrI ratna jaina pustakAla, AcArya samrAT zrI AnaMdaRSimArga, ahamadanagara, tRtIya saMskaraNa, I. 2000 AcArya hemacandra, siMghI jaina graMthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, I. 1986 hindI anuvAda paM. zobhAcandra bhArilla, ahamadanagara (mahA.), I. - 1970 AcArya vidyAnaMda, vIrasevA mandira TrasTa, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1977 bhAga 1-3, prabhAcandra, anu. AryikA jinamatI, kamala priNTarsa, madanagaMja kizanagar3ha (rAja.)

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[521] pravacanasAra kundakundAcArya, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, vi. saM. 1969 pravacanasAroddhAra bhAga 1-2, nemicandra sUri, prAkRta bhAratIya akAdamI, jayapura prathama saMskaraNa, I. 2000 pravacanasAroddhAra vRtti : siddhasena sUri, jIvanacanda sAkaracanda javherI, bambaI, I. 1926 prazamarati : bhAga 2, bhadraguptajI prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa : caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI bandhatattva kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa, I. 2010 bRhatkalpasUtra (trINi chedasUtrANi) yuvAcArya madhukara muni, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa, I. 1992 bRhatkalpasUtra bhAga 6 (saM. muni puNyavijaya) zrI jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA, bhAvanagara, dvitIya saMskaraNa, I. 2002 bRhatkalpabhASya bhAga 1-2, saM. mahAprajJa, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, prathama saMskaraNa, I. 2007 bRhad dravyasaMgraha : nemicandra saiddhAMtika deva, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, bambaI-AgAsa, saptama saMskaraNa, I. 1999 bhagavatIsUtra vRtti : Agama zruta prakAzana, ahamadAbAda, I. 2000 bhagavatI ArAdhanA AcArya zrI zivArya, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, I. 2004 bhAratIya darzana DaoN. saMtIzacandra caTTopAdhyAya, pustakabhaMDAra, paTanA, I. 1994 mahApurANa (AdipurANa): mahAkavi puSpadaMta, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, I. 2001 mahAbaMdha pustaka 1, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, tRtIya saMskaraNa, I. 1998 mUlasUtra: eka parizIlana : AcArya zrI devendramuni, zrI tArakaguru jaina graMthAlaya, udayapura, prathama saMskaraNa, I. 2000 mUlAcAra zrI vaTTakerAcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, tRtIya saMskaraNa, I. 1999 yogazAstra bhAga 1-3, AcArya hemacandra, jaina sAhitya vikAsa maNDala, bambaI, prathama saMskaraNa, I. 1986 rAjapraznIyasUtra yuvAcArya madhukara muni, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1982 laghIyastrIya akalaMka, mANikacanda digambara jainagraMthalAlA samiti. I. 1972 labdhisAra(kSapaNAsAra garbhita) : nemicandrAcArya siddhAnta cakravartI, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, AgAsa, I. 1980 lokaprakAza bhAga 1-3, vinayavijaya gaNI, da. lA. jaina pustakoddhAra phaNDa, mumbaI vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra : yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, (bhagavatI sUtra) dvitIya saMskaraNa, I. 1993

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[522] zrI jaina siddhAnta bola saMgraha : bhAga 1-8, agaracanda bhairoMdAna seThiyA, jaina pAramArthika saMsthA, bIkAnera zrI bhikSu Agama zabda koza : bhAga 1-2, jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM, prathama saMskaraNa, I. 1996 zrImaMta seTha lakSmIcaMda zitAvarAya jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaMDa, amarAvatI, I. 1939 SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA pu. 6: zrImaMta seTha zitAvarAya lakSmIcaMdajaina sAhityoddhAraka phaMDa kAryAlaya, amarAvatI, I. 1943 SaTakhaNDAgama, dhavalA pu. 9 : zrImaMta seTha zitAvarAya lakSmIcaMdajaina sAhityoddhAraka phaMDa kAryAlaya, amarAvatI, san 1949 SaDdarzanasamuccaya AcArya haribhadra sUri, sampA. DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, pAMcavAM saMskaraNa, I. 2000 sanmatitarka prakaraNa : siddhasena divAkara, gujarAta purAtattva maMdira, ahamadAbAda sabhASyatattvArthAdhimagama sUtra : (anuvAda-paM. khUbacaMda) zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa, tRtIya saMskaraNa, I. 992 samayasAra kundakundAcArya, zrI bhAratavarSIya varNI jaina sAhitya mandira, mujaphpharanagara, I. 1995 samavAyAMga sUtra yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, dvitIya saMskaraNa, I. 1991 sarvArthasiddhi AcArya pUjyapAda, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, gyArahavAM saMskaraNa, I. 2002 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra bhAga 1-2, yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa, I. 1982 sUtrakRtAMga TIkA muni dIparatnasAgara, Agama ArAdhanA kendra, ahamadAbAda, I. 2000 sthAnAMgasUtra yuvAcArya madhukaramuni, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, I.1981 syAdvAda maMjarI zrI paramazruta prabhAvakamaMDala, agAsa, paMcama saMskaraNa, I. 1992 svayambhUstotra samantabhadra, saMpA. paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra, vIra sevA maMdira, sarasAvA, I. 2008 (i) anya darzanoM se sambandhita grantha abhidharmakoza bhASya : bhAga 1-2, svAmI dvArikAdAsa zAstrI, bauddha bhAratI, vArANasI kenopaniSad(dazopaniSad) : bhAga 1-2, aDayAra pustakAlaya, madrAsa, I. 1935 Rgveda maharSi dayAnanda sarasvatI, dayAnanda saMsthAna, naI dillI-5 tarkabhASA caukhambhA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI tarkasaMgraha vyAkhyAkAra dayAnanda bhArgava, motIlAla banArasIdAsa prakAzana prAiveTa limiTeDa, dillI nyAyadarzanam : akSapAda gautama, saMpA. zrI nArAyaNamizra, caukhambhA saMskRta saMsthAna, (nyAyasUtra evaM vAtsyAyanabhASya sahita) vArANasI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, I. 1977

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