Bhanvarlal Nahta Abhinandan Granth

Author(s): Ganesh Lalwani
Publisher: Bhanvarlal Nahta Abhinandan Samaroh Samiti
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/012041/1

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zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA abhinandana grantha vyaktitva kRtitva

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zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA abhinandana grantha vyaktitva kRtitva

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disambara, 1986 prakAzaka zrI ma~varalAla nAhaTA abhinandana samAroha samiti 86 kainiMga sTrITa kalakattA 700001 sampAdaka zrI gaNeza lalavAnI mudraka rAja prosesa prinTarsa 8 brajadulAla sTrITa kalakattA 700006 surAnA prinTiMga varksa 205 ravIndra saraNI kalakattA 700006 mUlya eka sau eka rupaye

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zubhAzaMsA

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zubhAzaMsA nAhaTAjI kI vidvatA. naI-naI sRjana zakti, kavitva zakti. saMzodhana dRSTi, svAdhyAya vAcana, vRddhAvasthA meM yuvA jasA utsAha. devaguru pratye kI zraddhA Adi sadguNa sacamuca preraka evaM prazaMsanIya hai / nAhaTA jI aura jyAdA kAma karate raheM. dIrghAyuSI bane / -vijayayazodeva sUri mAnava apane pramAdavaza unnata zakti ko naSTa karatA hai| zrIyut bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ne jJAnopAsanA se ajJAna kI paristhiti se Upara uThakara jaina sAhitya kA prakAza janatA ko pradAna kiyA / jaina zAsana meM kharataragaccha kI mahAna sevA se atyanta prasannatA huii| zAsana sevA kara mAnava bhava saphala banAveM, yahI pavitra bhAvanA / -jinaudaya sUri suzrAvaka zrI bhaMvaralAlajI sA0 nAhaTA ne saMgha, samAja va sAhitya kI jo dIrgha kAla taka sevA kI hai, vaha abhinandana ke yogya hai / merI zubhakAmanA ke sAtha hArdika AzIrvAda hai| -padmasAgara sUri zrIyuta bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA kA vyaktitva, mahAmegha kI ghaTAoM meM apanI adbhuta chavi prakIrNa karane vAle indradhanuSa kI bhA~ti hai| unakA karma-kSetra sahasradhArA tIrtha ke samAna bahu-AyAmI evaM bahu-vistRta hai| ve Azukavi haiN| hindI, rAjasthAno Adi bhASAoM ke sAtha prAkRta padyaracanA meM unakA camatkArika naipuNya hai| sAmAjika, dhArmika, naitika, AdhyAtmika evaM itihAsa Adi ke saMbaMdha meM likhe gaye inake aneka-aneka zodhalekha vidvatsamAja meM AdarAspada hue haiN| yogendra zrI sahajAnandajI ne paramparA prApta zrI zvetAmbara paramparA se kucha bhinna rekhA para apanI sAdhanA ko gatizIla kiyA / phira bhI zrI nAhaTAjI kA unake prati zraddhA-bhAva kSINa na hokara nirantara bar3hatA hI rahA / yaha unake antahadaya meM sahajabhAva se ullasita hone vAlI "gugiSu pramodam" kI udAtta bhAvanA hai, jo eka prakAra se sarvocca mAnavatA kA pavitra amRta niSyanda hai / prasannatA hai. kalakattA mahAnagara meM unakA abhinandana-samAroha kA Ayojana kiyA gayA hai| maiM antahRdaya se nAhaTAjI ke dIrgha evaM yazasvI jIvana ke hetu prabhu-caraNoM meM sadbhAvanA rakhatA hU~ / - upAdhyAya amara muni

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suzrAvaka zrI bha~varalAlajI se zikharajI meM paricaya huaa| jaina sAhitya aura saMzodhana meM inakA yogadAna prazaMsanIya hai / Aja jaba zrutajJAna aura usakI ruci kama hotI jAtI hai taH zrutajJAna kI surakSA ke liye, adhyayana aura saMzodhana ke liye inakA prayatna sarAhanIya hai| __ inakI sAhitya pratibhA aura bhI Age bar3he yaha maMgalakAmanA hai / jena sAhitya meM khUba Age bar3heM aise maMgala AzIrvAda / -gunasAgara sUri do sAla se hI zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ke sAtha paricaya huA hai| Apa vayovRddha hote hue bhI sAhitya ke kArya ke liye apramatta haiM / prathama zAsana samrATa aMcalagacchAdhipati, tapomUrti pU0 gurudeva AcArya bhagavaMta zrI guNasAgara sUrIzvarajI ma0 sA0 racita "vividha pUjA saMgraha" grantha Apako bhijavAyA gayA taba turanta hI Apane savistAra javAba diyaa| taba bambaI se jana mahAsagha kA zrI sammetazikharajI mahAtIrtha ke lie charIpAlita pada-yAtrA kA prayANa ho gayA thA / zikharajI tIrtha meM gata sAla cAturmAsa meM Apa do bAra hamAre pAsa darzanArtha Aye the| patrAcAra atirikta pratyakSa paricaya se ApakI sAhityopAsanA evaM kArya-zakti se maiM prabhAvita huaa| pichale kitane varSoM se mere mana meM bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra deva kI janmabhUmi kA vivAda samApta karane kI tIvra manokAmanA thii| zikharajI tIrtha meM bahuta-sA sAhitya kA adhyayana kiyA evaM jaba isa viAya para "akhila bhAratIya itihAsavid vidvad sammelana" karAne kA nirNaya huA taba apane hI vala diyA ki "isa sammelana se bha0 maha va ra deva ko janmabhUmi ke liye kucha tathya prakAza meM AyeMge ho"| isalie sammelana rakhA gayA / isa sammelana meM bhArata ke kone-kone se kaI vidvAn aaye| unameM jena evaM janetara vidvAn bhI the| bihAra ke purAtatva vibhAga ke adhikArI bhI the / sammelana ke dUsare dina pU0 janAcArya zrI aMcalagacchAdhipati zrI kI adhyakSatA meM Apa hI mukhya atithi the| bha0 mahAvIra deva kI janmabhUmi kSatriyakuNDa tIrtha hai vezAlI nahIM hai-isa viSaya para Apane apanA jAhira pravacana diyaa| usakA bahuta hI prabhAva pdd'aa| tIsare dina bhArata evaM bihAra ke suprasiddha itihAsajJa vidvAn DA0 rAdhAkRSNa caudharI ne sarvAnumata se prastAva pArita kiyA ki bihAra ke mugera jile meM sthita lachuvADa ke pAsa kSatriyakuNDa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra deva kA janma huA thaa| vizeSa ke liye isa sammelana kI smArikA dRSTavya hai| isa samaya bambaI yunivarsiTI ke gujarAtI vibhAga ke adhyakSa DA. ramaNalAla zAha evaM dillI ke bahuzruta vidvAn hIrAlAlajI dugar3a bhI ApakI sAhityakIya pratibhA se prabhAvita hue the| zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA kA sammAna karate samaya yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakheM ki zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA evaM sva0 agaracandajI nAhaTA ke Aja dina taka vividha sAmayikoM akhabAroM meM jo lekha prakAzita huye haiM una sabakA zIghra hI saMcaya grantha prakAzita ho / kaI smRti granthoM meM bhI Apake lekha bikhare hue par3e haiN| ina sabakA bhI usa saMgraha meM saMkalana ho jAe, tAki AnevAlI pIr3hI ke liye vaha lekha-saMgraha jJAnamAtA rUpa pratIta ho evaM zodhakArya meM sahAyaka bane / zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA dIrghAyu nirAmaya svastha prasanna raha kara bahuta dinoM taka jaina sAhitya kI sevA kareM / -kalAprabhasAgara gaNi 2]

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zrImAn nAhaTAjI jaina samAja ke gorava haiM, kharataragaccha ke ratna haiM / nAhaTAjI jaise bahuta kama vidvAna aura zAstra ke jJAtA apane samAja meM haiM ataH unakA abhinandana jaina samAja ke liye gaurava kA viSaya hai| nAhaTAjI jaba-jaba mujhe milate taba avazya unase mujhe zAstra, itihAsa Adi ke viSaya meM kaI vizeSatAe~ jAnane ko milatI aura isase nAhaTAjI ke vizAla jJAna kA paricaya milatA hai| jizvara bhagavAna evaM dAdA gurudeva se prArthanA karatA hU~ ki nAhaTAjo ko sAhitya sevA karane kA adhikAdhika bala prApta ho| -jayAnaMda muni zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ne apanA jIvana itihAsa, purAtatva, zodha, sarjana ke mAdhyama se apanI AtmA ko samarpita kiyA hai / yaha unake jIvana kI maulika vizeSatA hai| jJAnI hone ke kAraNa nizcita hI inake jIvana ko kIti, yaza. mAna-sammAna kI saurabha milI hai, phira bhI ye svayaM usa havA se aparicita/achUte rahe haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja ve vidvAnoM kI duniyA ke camakate hore haiM / aise vidvAnoM kA abhinandana karanA, samAja kA kartavya hai / nizcita hI unakA abhinandana preraNA kA dIpastaMbha banakara dizA bodha degaa| maiM unheM dharmalAbha kI zubhAzISa pradAna karatA huuN| muni maNiprabhasAgara bhArata ke mAne hue vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM Apa avazya mAM sarasvatI ke varada putra haiN| ApakI prajJA sahaja sarala grAhaya aura anukaraNIya hai| ApakI prakRti meM svAbhAvika rUpa se hI sujanatA kulInatA va nirabhimAnatA virAjita hai| Apa meM paraMparA nirvAha aura kartavya-niSThA donoM kA adbhuta saMmizraNa hai| ApakI jAgarUkavRtti vaiyaktika matamatAntaroM, dArzanika vivAdoM aura svaicchika vidhiniSedhoM se pare rahI hai| adhyayana cintana manana aura nididhyAsana ApakA jIvana kA sthira citra hai| ApameM dharma kA jo gaurava hai vaha zrI jaina zAsana kA apanA, gurudeva kA. suyogya parivAra kA evaM pUrvajanma ke puNya kA hI phala hai| Apa Azukavi va purAtatvapremI bhI haiN| ApakI adhikatara abhiruci bhASAzAstra aura lipi vijJAna meM hai| Apa Adhunika aura prAcIna paraMparAgata bhASAoM va lipioM ko par3hane, samajhane meM bahuta mAne hue vidvAna haiM / purAnI aneka pratimA, citra-vastu aura ati mUlyavAn prAcIna grantha Apake bIkAnera ke saMgrahAlaya meM hai| ApakA prAcIna zilAlekhoM se itihAsa saMzodhana prena bhI bahuta prazaMsanIya hai|

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ApameM jo adabhuta sUjha apUrva lipivijJatA aura gaharI sAhityapriyatA pAI jAtI hai vaha nItizAstra meM dikhAe hue "vividha dezATana, adhikAdhika vidvAnoM se paricaya va mitratA evaM anekAneka zAstroM kA cintana manana va parizIlana kA" sthira paripAka hai| caramatIrthapati bhagavAna mahAvIra deva kA anuzAsana ne hI Apako Atmabala. Atmabodha va AtmaniSThA dI hai aura de rahA hai| sabase bar3hakara ApakI zrI jainazAsana meM gaharI niSThA hai usakA evaM Apake sabhI guNoM kA maiM guNAnurAga rUpa se anumodana karatA hU~ aura sAtha hI dharmalAma rUpa ArzarvAda detA huuN| -vijayakanakaratna sUri zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA vyakti nahIM. apane Apa meM eka saMsthA haiN| unakI bahumukhI mAMgalika pravRttiyoM se samAja aura rASTra "satyaM zivaM-sundaram" se samalaMkRta huA hai| sarasvatI aura lakSmI ke varadAna se abhiSikta zrI nAhaTAjI ke indradhanuSo vyaktitva meM kavi kI kalpanA, itihAsakAra kI anusaMdhAna pravRtti, purAtatvavettA kI sUkSma dRSTi, lipi paNDita kI kuzAgratA, citrakAra kI saundarya-parakha, dArzanika kI cintanazIlatA evaM samAja sudhAraka kI sevA-bhAvanA ke saptaraMga jaga-magA rahe haiM jinakI samujva la pramA mAnava ko udyamazIla banane kI prareNA detI hai| ye mahAzaya kisI mahAvidyAlaya meM nahIM par3he, phira bhI ye apane udyama se itanI U~cAI ko chU ske| inakA jIvana navapIr3hI ke lie preraNA kA srota hai| pratimA janmajAta hoto hai, vaha suavasara pAkara prakaTa hotI hai| puNyodayavelA meM mAnava kI pratimA zrama sAdhanA se prakaTa hokara sRSTi kA maMgala vidhAna karatI hai| zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA ke vikAsa kA bhI yahI rahasya hai| isalie puNya-saMcaya hetu zubhakarma karanA caahie| yahI vaha sampatti hai jo mAnava jIvana ko pratibhA sampanna banAtI hai| zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA kA jIvana-dukUla do sundara dhAgoM se bunA huA hai / eka dhAgA hai vinamratA, aura dUsarA hai zrama / vinaya aura zrama se jIvana sArthaka saphala aura sukhI banatA hai| jIvana eka kalA hai| jIvana ko saphala banAne ke lie viveka rUpI kalA ko AvazyakatA hai| zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA ne viveka-paTa para pratibhA kI tUlikA se mAnavatA kA citra aMkita karake yaha batA diyA hai ki jIvana meM dhana vaibhava kA mahatva nahIM, jIvana to zrama se siMcita vinaya aura akiMcanatA ke rajakaNoM meM phUla ke samAna khilakara hI mAnavatA kI sugaMdha bikheratA hai| isase jagat kA prAMgaNa mahakatA hai unake dvArA aneka maMgala zrAvaka ratna zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA kI dIrghAyu ke lie hamArI shubhkaamnaa| kArya sampanna hoM, yahI zubhAzISa / -vijaya indradinna sUri

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vidvAnoM ke abhinandana kI praNAlI prAcIna kAla se hI calI A rahI hai. tathA yaha praNAlI bhAratIya saMskRti kA aMga rahI hai| zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA ke 75 veM varSagA~Tha ke suavasara para ve cirAyu hoM aisI gurudeva se prArthanA hai| -jinacandra sUri pratibhA kI vilakSaNatA ke udAharaNa zatAbdiyoM meM bhI virala rUpa se sAmane Ate haiN| isa vartamAna zatAbdI ke aise hI eka virala udArahaNa zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA haiN| vizvavidyAlaya kI DigriyoM va upAdhiyoM ke mArga se ye Age nahIM bddh'e| phira bhI saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraza Adi prAcIna bhASAoM tathA hindI gujarAtI Adi arvAcIna bhASAoM meM Apa unase kucha bhI par3havA lIjie, bulavA lIjie evaM zloka chanda Adi racavA liijie| lipiyoM meM brAhmI, kharoSThI Adi prAcIna se prAcIna lipi bhI inake lie devanAgarI hai| isa sthiti meM mAnanA par3atA hai-zrI nAhaTA jI 'siddha sArasvata haiN| sArasvata maMtra ke siddha kie jAne kA itihAsa milatA hai| inake lie vaha sahaja siddha hai| itihAsa purAtattva sAhitya saMskRti ko Apane sahasroM lekhoM se, zatazaH granthoM ke lekhana va sampAdana se sAdhA hai| sambandhita viSayoM meM Apa kisI para bAta karie. Apako lagegA kampyUTarAijDa vizva koza hai aura vaha bola rahA hai| astu. yaha saba kucha maiMne par3hakara yA dUsaroM se sunakara nahIM likhA hai, lagabhaga 10 varSoM ke apane satat samparka kI sAkSAt anubhUtiyoM ke AdhAra se likhA hai| zrI nAhaTAjI jaina samAja ke hI nahIM. apitu samagra deza ke eka apratima gaurava haiN| unake 75 veM varSa ke upalakSa meM unakA abhinandana kiyA jA rahA hai, yaha jAnakara prasannatA huI / vAstava meM aise logoM kA abhinandana hI abhinandana zabda ko sArthakatA vyakta karatA hai| isI bAta ko dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to isa punIta anuSThAna meM abhinandana hI abhinandita ho rahA hai| astu. maiM maMgala kAmanA karatA hU~. zrI nAhaTAjI cirakAla taka apanI anupama sevAeM samAja ko dete rheN| -muni nagarAja zrAvaka-ratna zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ke abhinandana kA saMvAda par3hakara mana prasannatA se pulakita ho utthaa| zrI nAhaTAjI kA vyaktitva bahu-AyAmI hai| aura hara AyAma apane meM vilakSaNa hai| viSaya cAhe bhASA-jJAna kA ho yA kAvya racanA kA. itihAsa kA ho yA purAtattva kA, zrI nAhaTAjI ne ina sabameM jo mahArata hAsila kI hai, vaha apane meM vismayajanaka hai| zreSThI to ve janma se hI haiN| para ina sabase Upara hai unakI dharma-niSThA, jinezvara deva ke prati aTUTa AsthA tathA jIvana ke vyavahAroM meM dharma kI ArAdhanA / | 5

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jahA~ taka mujhe khayAla AtA hai zrI nAhaTAjI ke sAtha merA pahalA paricaya bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pacIsavIM nirvANa-zatI ke avasara para pAvApurI meM huaa| pAvApurI ke usa pAvana prasaMga para zrI nAhaTAjI ke makti-bhAvanAmaya vyaktitva ke sAtha-sAtha unakI sahRdayatA- saralatA kA bhI paricaya milaa| usake vAda kalakatA pravAsa meM unake vyaktitva ke kaI aura pahalU bhI sAmane Ae itihAsa ke prati unakA dRSTikoNa apanI maulika pakar3a rakhatA hai| prAcIna zilAlekhoM tathA pAMDulipiyoM kA gaharA adhyayana jaina itihAsa kA talasparzI vivecana, samAja sevA. sAdagI. pUrNa jIvana siddhAntavAditA Adi vizeSatAoM se maiM apane kalakattA-pravAsa meM hI avagata huaa| usake pazcAt vaha paricaya pragAr3hatara hotA gyaa| akTUbara 1981 meM hamane terApaMtha se tyAga patra dekara nava-terApaMtha kI ghoSaNA kI / isa vicAra krAnti kA uddezya jaina dharma ko vyApaka bhUmikA para pratiSThita karanA thA / isIliye aba vaha nava terApaMtha se Age bar3hatI huI jaina saMgama ke rUpa meM pravAhita ho rahI hai| itanA hI nahIM. navakAra mahAmantra ko AdhAra zilA banAkara mAnava mandira ke rUpa meM yaha tejI se vistAra pA rahI hai / isa vicAra krAnti kI ghoSaNA ke avasara para zrI nAhaTAjI jayapura sthita dAdAvAr3I meM upasthita hokara apanI maMgala kAmanAe~ prAkRta bhASA meM prakaTa kI / usa avasara para unake Azu kavitva se merA paricaya huA / usake pazcAt apane pichale cAturmAsa meM zrI nAhaTAjI se pUjya dAdA gurudeva ke jIvana tathA sAdhanA para kucha durlabha jAnakArI milI / ina sAre sandarbhoM ke AdhAra para maiM kaha sakatA hU~ ki zrI nAhaTAjI gudar3I meM chupe hue lAla haiN| samAja ne isa lAla ke mUlya ko samajhA hai aura abhinandana karane kA nirNaya liyA hai. hArdika prasannatA kA viSaya hai| ve isI prakAra jina zAsana dharma sAhitya tathA samAja kI sadA sevA karate raheM, yahI maMgala kAmanA hai| -muni rUpacandra zrI nAhaTAjI jaina samAja ke gaNamAnya vidvAna sajjana haiM, aise vidvajjana kA abhinandana va bahumAna karake vastutaH Apa vidvatA evaM pANDitya kA hI abhinandana kara rahe haiN| muni zIlacandra vijaya vaise to nAhaTA parivAra aura khAsakara zrI agaracandajI nAhaTA se maiM bacapana se hI bIkAnera meM jaba seThiyA vidyAlaya meM par3hatA thA, tabhI se paricita thA parantu unake nikaTa samparka meM Ane kA avasara san 1953 meM jaba merA bIkAnera cAturmAsa thA, tabhI se milaa| unake bhatIje zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA se prathama paricaya kalakattA meM huA jaba ve jIvadayA prakaraNa kA hindI padya-gadyAnuvAda kara rahe the / merA cAturmAsa muni zrI saMtavAlajI ke sAtha kalakattA zahara meM thA / bahuta hI vinamranAva se ve prAkRta padyoM kA artha pUchate, svayaM-sphuraNA se una una padyoM kA uparyukta artha lagAte / maiMne dekhA ki unakI bauddhika cetanA prAkRta padyoM kA artha lagAne meM kitanI paino thI / bahudhA ve svayaM kahA karate haiM, maiM vizeSa par3hA-likhA nahIM hU~, kintu jaba unakI prakhara aura svayaM sphUrta bauddhika pratimA dekhate haiM, tava Azcaryamugdha honA par3atA hai| * san 1975 meM holI ke avasara para hama zikharajI (madhuvana) Ae hue the aura kalakattA cAturmAsa ke liye jA rahe the| 6 ]

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zrIyut ma~varalAlajI nAhaTA ne jaba mujhe dekhA to unheM bahuta hI prasannatA huii| ve usa samaya 'vividha tIrthakalpa' nAmaka grantha kA sampAdana kara rahe the / pariziSTa gata titthakappa grantha kI hastalikhita prati meM kaI jagaha akSara lupta the, kaI sthaloM para azuddha pATha thA. mere pAsa ve usa grantha ko lekara Ae / usa dina mere sa-mauna upavAsa thA / parantu unakI jijJAsA buddhi aura vinamratA dekhakara maiM mauna meM hI likha kara ukta grantha ke saMzodhana meM pravRtta ho gayA / magara eka dina meM kitanA saMzodhana hotA / dUsare dina unako kalakattA jAnA thaa| isaliye ve ukta grantha ke panne mere pAsa saMzodhanArtha rakha kara cale ge| maiMne do-tIna dina meM ukta pannoM ko dekha kara jahA~ taka merI buddhi pahu~cI. una pannoM kA saMzodhana kiyA aura unheM kalakattA bheja diyA / eka vyApArI kA, aitihAsajJa evaM zodhakAra honA Azcaryajanaka lagatA hai| jisameM rAjasthAna kA vyApArI. prAcIna yuga meM do-tIna kakSA taka par3hA huA hotA thA, adhika se adhika huA to meTrika taka par3ha liyA / isase Age virAnacihna laga jAtA thaa| parantu zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA itane par3he-likhe na hone para bhI bI0 e0. ema0e0 par3he hue Adhanika suzikSitoM se Age the / Apa par3he hue adhika nahIM. para gune hue adhika haiN| saMskRta aura prAkRta jaisI duruha bhASA Apane skUla meM nahIM par3hI. parantu zodha-kArya karate-karate Apa saMskRta aura prAkRta ke vidvAnoM se bhI Age bar3ha ge| ApakI isa prakAra sphuraNAzakti aura pratimA dekhakara Azcaryacakita honA par3atA hai| vidvatA ke sAtha vinamratA evaM cAritra zIlatA unake jIvana meM sone meM sugandha kA kArya karatI hai| ve apanI danika caryA meM prabhu-pUjA-bhakti meM tallIna ho jAte haiN| akasara dekhA gayA hai ki vidvatA ke sAtha cAritrazIlatA kama ho jAtI hai, parantu nAhaTAjI meM ye donoM cIjeM sAtha-sAtha calatI haiN| deva guru aura dharma ke prati unakI zraddhAbhakti jitanI gaharI hai, utanI hI dharmAcaraNa ke prati unakI lagana hai / unameM sAmpradAyika kaTTaratA nAma mAtra ko bhI nahIM hai| kharataragacchaya paramparA ke hote hue bhI ve, pratyeka gaccha aura saMgha kI paramparA ke sAdhu-santoM ke pAsa jAte haiN| unake guNoM ko grahaNa karate haiN| gugagrAhakatA unameM kUTa-kUTa kara bharI hai| gata varSa zikharajI meM aJcalagacchIya AcArya samrATa zrI guNasAgarasUrijI kA cAturmAsa thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi ke sthala kA nirNaya karane hetu unhoMne tathA gaNivarya zrI kalAprabhasAgara jI ne itihAsa vidoM ke sammelana kA Ayojana karAyA thaa| usa sammelana meM maiM bhI AmaMtrita thaa| ApazrI ne apanA vidvatApUrNa zodhapatra bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi ke viSaya meM akATaya pramANa prastuta karate hue teyAra kiyA thaa| usameM eka se bar3hakara eka yuktiyA~ aura pramANa prastuta kiye gae the ki sabako mAnanA par3A ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vAstavika janmabhUmi vA sthala kSatriyakuNDa lachuvAr3a hI hai| sacamuca Apako devI sarasvatI kA koI apUrva varadAna hai ki kaThina se kaThina aura kisI ke sahasA samajha meM na Ane vAlI lipi ko bhI Apa par3ha lete haiN| nandIsUtra meM ukta cAra prakAra kI buddhiyoM meM se autpAtikI buddhi kA Apa meM pratyakSa camatkAra dekhA jA sakatA hai| maiM Apa jaise guNavAna aura pratibhAzAlI vyaktiyoM kA Adara karatA huuN| aura maMgala bhAvanA karatA hU~ ki Apa dIrghAyu aura svastha raheM aura sAhitya-sevA ke mAdhyama se jina zAsana kI sevA kreN| -muni nemicandra [7

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vidradarya zrI bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitva ko maiMne nikaTatA se dekhA aura samajhA hai / jJAna, zraddhA tathA cAritra kI samanvita triveNI kA unake jIvana meM sahaja darzana hotA hai / unakI jJAna zAradA to sarvavidita hai, kintu zraddhA-gaMgA evaM cAritra yamunA kA darzana to usI ne kiyA hai, jisane unakA sAmIpya grahaNa kiyA ho| vastutaH nAhaTAjI zraddhAbhibhUta haiM, kintu unakI zraddhAbhibhUtatA usI ke prati pragaTa hotI hai, jisameM satya kA prativimba ho / ve dharma guruoM ke prati bhI natamastaka rahate haiN| maiMne unakI sarvAdhika AsthA muni sahajAnandaghana jI ke prati pAyI, jo ki eka niSpRha evaM adhyAtmayogI the| zrI nAhaTAjI kA cAritra zrAvakocit hai / ve khAo, pIo, mauja ur3Ao kI nimna bhautika bhUmikA evaM bAhya jIvana se Upara hue haiM / unameM krodha, mAna, mAyA va lobha ke sthAna para kSamA, mArdava, saralatA tathA santoSa parilakSita hote haiN| ve sAMsArika avazya haiM, kintu unake hRdaya meM saMsAra nahIM hai, jala meM kamala puSpa haiM ve / isIliye mujhe unake jIvana meM jJAna, zraddhA aura cAritra kA triveNI saMgama dRSTigocara hotA hai / unakA abhinandana karanA isa saMgama ke prati hamArI AsthA kA AyAma hai / zrI nAhaTAjI se merA samparka bAlyakAla se hI hai / vikrama saMvat 2036 mAgha zukla pakSa 11veM ke dina abhi niSkramaNa karane ke pazcAt merA unake sAtha pUrva kA sambandha bauddhika sambandha meM rUpAntarita ho gyaa| zrI nAhaTAjI hamAre pAsa aneka bAra pdhaare| unake Agamana para hamArA lakSya kevala eka hI rahatA ki isa jJAna- zAradA se jaisetaise do-cAra cullU bhara leM / java meM vArANasI meM 'mahopAdhyAya samayasundaraH vyaktitva evaM kRtitva' viSaya para zodha kara rahA thA usa samaya to unakI itihAsajJatA Adi se bhI maiMne yathAvazyaka lAbha uThAyA thA aura vaha mere liye upAdeya bhI bnii| zrI nAhaTAjI se Agamika evaM sAhityika asaMgatipUrNa bAtoM ko lekara anekazaH patravyavahAra hue| vastutaH dharma-zAstroM meM paraspara aneka visaMvAdit bAteM prApta hotI haiM, jinheM par3hakara prazna uThane svAbhAvika haiN| nAhaTAjI se hama aise praznoM kA uttara pratyakSa athavA patra ke mAdhyama se pUchA karate the| prasagataH zrI nAhaTAjI kA eka patra yahA~ prastuta karatA huuN| jinakA sambandha mere zodha-prabandha se rahA hai sAdara vaMdana ! ApakA tA0 11-2-84 kA kArDa milaa| ApakA prazna mahatvapUrNa hai ki samayasuMdara jI mahArAja yati the yA muni| usake samAdhAna ke lie hameM itihAsa para dRSTipAta karanA hogA / vAstava meM zAstroM meM jaina sAdhuoM ke lie kaI nAma AyeM haiM, yataH yati sAdhu, muni, zramaNa, nirgrantha, RSi, bhikSu, saMyatI - ye saba paMca mahAvratadhArI aparigrahI, tyAgI sAdhuoM ke lie hI vyavahRta hue haiN| caturvidha saMgha meM sAdhu sAdhvI zrAvaka, zrAvikA hI zAstroM meM Aye hue nAma haiN| ataH pA~cavIM koI zreNI saMgha meM nahIM thii| saMvegapakSI yA siddhaputra Adi jo nAma haiM, viziSTa zrAvaka hI the Aja terApaMthI AcArya zrI tulasI ne samaNI varga khar3A kiyA hai / vaha vastutaH zrAvaka hI hai| digambaroM meM pratimAdhArI zrAvaka hote haiN| elaka, kSullaka, brahmacArI Adi zreNiyA~ haiN| ve muni to nagna ko hI mAnate haiN| apane yahA~ zrAvaka kI 11 pratimAe~ haiM para aba vaha prathA uTha gaI hai| mere anudita 'jIvadayA prakaraNa kAvya trayI' meM eka gAthA hai-AkhIe mayaNa matAra sevioM vaNa jo sAdhvAcAra meM nahIM haiM, ve na zrAvaka haiM na sAdhu / maMdiroM meM nivAsa, gaddI takiyoM kA upabhoga, pAna- carvaNa, / kukkaDo teNa so pillao Ao na AkhIna ca kukkaDo / caityavAsa ke yuga meM zithilAcAra kI parAkASThA ho gii| rAtri meM abhiSeka nATaka Adi hote. maMdiroM meM vezyA nRtya 5]

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hotaa| saMbodha-prakaraNa meM haribhadrasU rejo ne likhA hai-yatijana gaMDe-tAbIja karate. apane zithilAcArI guruoM ke caraNa Adi pratiSThita karate. sAdhvAcAra ke viparIta AcaraNa karate-maiM apane zira kI zUla kisake Age khuuN| jaba zithilatA bar3hI gujarAta meM maThAdhIza ho gaye / rAjasthAna tathA dillI pradeza meM bhI hue, para gujarAta meM, unakA sAmrAjya thA, ve rAjaguru the| suvihita munijana kA vahA~ praveza hI nahIM thA / aise samaya meM bauddhadharma jisa prakAra hInayAna, mahAyAna, vajrayAna Adi meM vibhakta hokara bhArata bhUmi se lupta ho gayA, usI prakAra jainadharma kI dazA hotI / yadyapi caityavAsiyoM meM vidvAna to the para binA cAritrabala ke patanonmukhatA thI / kharataragaccha ke suvihita AcAryoM ke pratApa se jaina zAsana vaca pAyA / varddhamAna jinezvara sUrijI ne pATaNa meM durlabharAja kI sabhA meM una maThAdhIzauM ko harAkara gujarAta meM vasativAsa-suvihita aura tyAga * mArga kI paramparA kAyama kI / caityavAsa meM jo AtmArthI yatijana the, kharataragaccha kI suvihita paramparA meM Akara. upasaMpadA grahaNa kii| kucha tyAgI dUsare gacchoM meM bhI gae, para unhoMne suvihita mArga meM upasaMpadA nahIM lI thii| hama jinavallabhasUri, jinadattasUri ke caritra meM dekhate haiM, kitanA tyAgamaya jIvana thA / unake pAsa Akara jo caityavAsI dIkSita hue, unheM spaSTa kaha diyA hamAre yahA~ tumhAre nimitta-zAstrAdi ke vividha prayoga nahIM caleMge / unake to sUrimaMtrAdi ke prabhAva se hI vacana siddhi thii| isIse stotrAdi kA prabhAva caritrAdi meM dekhA jAtA hai / yugapradhAnAcArya gurvAvalI meM vistRta jIvaniyA~ hai jo prAmANika hai aura kharataragacchAcAryoM ke caritra para vizada prakAza DAlatI hai| jo loga dAdA sAhaba ko yati kahate haiM, ve bhrAnti phailAte haiN| yadi uparyukta dasa nAma zramaNa-paryAya ke kaheM to hama unheM usI prakAra yati mAna sakate haiM / vaise sabhI gaccha ke tyAgI AcArya yati kahalAte the, zrIpUjya kahalAte the| akabara ke pharamAna meM hIravijaya sUrijo ko bhI yati kahA hai| zrI pUjya' zabda usa kAla meM sarvocca pada thA / gaccha meM unake nIce kaI AcArya upAdhyAya hote / zrI pUjya eka taraha se yugapradhAna pada thaa| isI Azaya se yugapradhAnAcArya gurvAvalI meM sabako zrI pUjya likhA hai para bhrAnti na ho| vartamAna ke padagata AcAra meM vaha garimA nhiiN| isalie hamane itihAsa meM 'zrI pUjya' kA 'pUjya zrI zabda prayoga kiyA hai| musalamAno kAla meM kAraNa vaza yatijanoM meM zithilatA AI. para tapAgaccha aura kharataragaccha meM kriyoddhAra kA artha vahI hai tyAga pradhAna mArga svIkAra, zithilAcAra kA parihAra ora yatkicita parigrahAdi se sarvathA mukti / unake sAdhvAcAra ke niyama yugapradhAna jinacandrasUri grantha meM hamane prakAzita kiyA hai, jinheM dekhane se saba kucha spaSTa ho jaayegaa| jinamANikyasUrijI ne dAdA sAhaba kI derAvara yAtrAntara ke vAda kriyA-udAra karane kA saMkalpa kiyA thaa| para unake padayAtrA, cauvihAra Adi sabhI sAdhvAcAra kI hI kriyAe~ thiiN| pipAsA-pariSaha se hI unakA deha-vilaya huaa| kyoMki rAtri meM pAnI milane para bhI unhoMne cauvihAra-vrata bhaMga nahIM kiyaa| unake svargavAsa ke anaMtara AcAryapadArur3ha hokara zrI jinacandrasUrijI jaisalamera se bIkAnera padhAre / taba 300 yatiyoM meM se tyAga-vairAgya vAle 16 ziSya unake sAtha aaye| bAkI ko yati nAma rakhane kA bhI adhikAra nahIM rhaa| ve matheraNa ( mAthe para RNa-pagar3I pahanAkara ) gRhastha banA diye ge| yaha ghaTanA unake sAdhvAcAra ke lie acchA udAharaNa hai| cauthe pATa para jinacaMdrasarijI nAma dene kI paripATI tyAgamArga kI hI paramparA thii| hAthI, ghor3A. cAmara, chatra Adi kA likhA so vaha to zrAvaka loga unase 'sAmele' meM le jAte the| unakA unase koI saMbaMdha nahIM thaa| akabara [9

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kI prArthanA se mahimarAja ( mAnasiMha) vAcaka ko kAzmIra vijaya-yAtrA meM sAtha bhejA to karmacandrAdi zrAvaka bho sAtha the| karmacandra maMtrI-vaMza-prabandha meM likhA hai ki zAhi nirdiSTa sAvadha vyApAra parizIlanAt / munInAmAvatAcAra vilopo bhavatAditi / / auSadhimaMtra taMtrAdi nipuNaM dattavAna samaM / paMcAnanaM mahAtmAnAM vineyaM medhamAlinaH / / sAdhvAcAra kI rakSA ke lie hI mahAtmA meghamAlI ke ziSya paMcAnana ko sAtha meM diyA thA jo vAdazAha kI sAvadya-saMbhava AjJA ko parizIlana kara sake / jaba ve kAzmIra yAtrA se lauTe to bAdazAha ne kahA--kAzmIra ke zIta pradhAna patharIle pahAr3I mArga meM naMge pA~va paidala yAtrA meM inakA kaThina cAritra dekhakara maiM var3A prabhAvita huA hU~-ye cAritra pAlana meM durddharSa siMha sadRza zUravIra haiN| ataH inheM AcArya-pada dekara inakA nAma jinasiMhasUri rkhie| ye saba bAteM yugapradhAna jinacandrasUri grantha ko par3hane se dhyAna meM A jaaeNgii| tatkAlIna kAvya-gItAdi meM sarvatra unheM paMca mahAvratadhArI aura zuddha sAdhucaryA vAle likhA hai| zrI pUjya aura yati zabda kA prayoga usa kAla kI caryAnusAra sahI thaa| Aja kI bAta chodd'ie| usa samaya to 'karemi bhaMte jAvajjIva' hI uccAraNa karate the| Aja ke zrAvakoM kI bhA~ti 'jAvaniyama' nahIM / samayasundara jI zuddha sAdhvAcAra meM the / saM0 1687 meM gujarAta ke duHkAla meM thor3A piNDavizuddhi Adi meM dopa lagane ke kAraNa unhoMne 1691 meM kriyoddhAra kiyA thA / jisakA varNana unake gIta meM milatA hai| Apa samayasundara jI ko niHsaMkoca paMcamahAvratadhArI sAdhu likhie / unakI ziSya paramparA bhI tyAgI thii| unake sau savA sau varSa bAda zithilatA kramazaH AI / ekAeka to AI nahIM thI / Apa aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha Adi dhyAna se dekheMge to sarda vRtAnta spaSTa ho jaayeNge| tapAgaccha meM satyavijayajI panyAsa, vinayavijaya jI, yazovijaya jo, padmavijaya jI, uttamavijaya jI Adi sadhacaryA meM the| unhoMne kriyoddhAra kiyaa| usa samaya svaratA meM bhI devacaMdra jI, jinaharSajI Adi tathA samayasandara jI ke ziSya paramparA ke sAdha vinayacandajI Adi ahamadAvAda meM vicaraNa karate the| saM0 1800 ke bAda bho jinalAbhasari jI Adi kA pedala vihAra adhikatara thaa| jinabhaktisUrijI ke ziSya prItisAgara, amRtadharma, kSamAkalyANajI Adi hura jo sAdhvAcAra kA pAlana, kriyohAra Adi karate rhe| samaya-samaya para yadyapi zaithilya AyA para tyAga vairAgya vAle kriyoddhArI bhI huye| bhinna-bhinna zAkhAoM meM sabhI kriyoddhAraka zuddha sAdhvAcAra vAle rahe haiN| devacandrajI Adi AcArya-zAkhA meM to pippalaka meM zivacandrasUri (jinacandrasUri ) hue jinakA rAsa aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha meM dekhiye| khaMdhakamuni kI taraha unakI zarIra kI calI emAta ke navAva ne utAra dI para kitanI samatA se pariSaha sahA / ve zuddha paMcamahAvratadhArI hI the| Apane cauthe pATa jinacaMdrasUri nAma dene Adi ko prmpr| kA likhA hai| una zuddha paMcamahAvratadhAriyoM meM hI ina do sau DhAI sau varSoM meM kucha zithila hone para bhI tapAgaccha aura kharataragaccha meM bhI zrI pUjya hI gaccha10]

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nAyaka hote the| unakA prabhAva aura AtaMka itanA thA ki kriyoddhArakoM ko bhI unase sambandha rakhanA pdd'taa| tabhI to yazovijayajI jaise yA devacandrajI kSamAkalyAga jI jaise bhI upAdhyAya hI rahe / unheM AcArya pada nahIM milA / AcArya to tapAgaccha meM AtmArAma jI hI hue jo ki pahale kharataragaccha meM Aye para jATa jAti ke hone se unheM AcArya pada dene kA prazna nahIM thA / ve lakhanaU zAkhA ke jinakalyANasUri jI mahArAja ke pAsa Ane ko taiyAra the, phira tapAgaccha meM ge| unakA udaya thA anyathA usa samaya taka kharatara/tapAgaccha meM eka samAna hI sAdhu saMkhyA thii| kharataragaccha meM jinayazaHsUri aura jinakRpAcaMdrasUri AcArya hue| bAda meM anya sAdhuoM meM AcArya pada kI paramparA clii| asala meM yatiyoM meM se bahutoM ne tyAga vairAgya vAle hone se kriyoddhAra kiyA hai| mohanalAla jI mahArAja, kRpAcaMdrasUri. cidAnaMdajI Adi zivajIrAmajI pAyacaMdragaccha meM bhrAtRcandrasUri tathA tristutika AcArya zrI rAjendrasUrijI Adi bhI to yati hI the, kriyoddhAra hI kiyA hai| para Ajakala to zAdIzudA bhI tathAkathita yati hone lge| ve kisI prakAra meM yati nahIM ho sakate / agara cAra mahAvUta ThIka hai. parigraha tyAgA to paMcamahAvrata dhArI sAdhu ho gae / vartamAna ke sAdhuoM se dau sau varSa pUrva ke yati loga koI kama nahIM the| parigraha atyalpa thaa| jamAne ke anusAra ve vaidyaka jyotiSa adhyApanAdi karane lge| unake ziSya idhara sau assI varSoM meM bilkula ayogya ho ge| isIlie thalI prAnta meM saba terApanthI hue / kSetra na saMbhAlane ke kAraNa ho gae kyoMki sAdhaoM kI saMkhyA nagaNya thii| rAjasthAna-mAravAr3a ke saikar3oM gA~va kharataragaccha ke the| ve Aja sthAnakavAsI, terApaMthI yA anya gaccha ke ho ge| tristutika bhI kahA~ se AyeM ? tathA anya gaccha bhI kahA~ se Ae? gujarAta meM bhI kharataragaccha ke hajAroM ghara the para sabhI tapA ho gaye / kharataragaccha kI 11 zAkhAe~ thI, unake yati muni zeSa ho gae / kharatara gacchAdi ke yatijana bhI apane ko sAdha aura muni likhate the yaha aneka granthoM tathA patroM se pramANita hai| ataH patra meM kitanA likhA jAya. maukhika carcA meM eka-eka bAta sa-pramANa kahI jA sakatI hai| AcAra dinakara, jinapatisUri samAcArI, vidhimArga prathA vidhikaMdalI. samAcArI zataka tathA kSamAkalyANa jI ke, maNisAgarajI mahArAja ke va buddhimuni jI Adi ke granthoM ke adhyayana karane para Apako kharataragaccha paramparA va maryAdAoM Adi kA jJAna paryApta ho jaaegaa| Aja apane kharataragaccha vAle zrAvaka bhI dAdAsAhaba ko yati mAna baiThe haiM ye sArI bhrAntiyA~ dUra karane kI hai| yati samAja sau varSa pahale taka jisa rUpa meM thA, saMgha ko saMbhAlA tathA upakAra bhI kiyA para unake zithila hone para hI itara sampradAya bar3he-isa bAta ko to mAnanA hI pdd'egaa| vidvatA aura cAritrabala donoM kI AvazyakatA hai| yati samAja meM vidvatA usa samaya taka thI, Aja to ve bhI nirakSara bhaTTAcArya raha gaye haiN| kharataragaccha kI gAr3I kaise cale? Ajakala jo zrIpUjyoM kI gaddI kahate haiM para vAstava meM gaddI jaisI cIja kharataragaccha meM to thI hI nahIM. vaha tau caityavAsI paramparA meM thii| zAkhA bheda ko hI gaddI-bheda kahane lge| yaha kevala 150-200 varSa ke bIca meM rUr3ha huA hai| bIkAnera bar3A upAzraya koI zrI pUjyoM kI gaddI rUpa meM nahIM thA / pauSadhazAlAupAzraya zuddha sAdhvAcAra vAloM ke lie hI thii| bhaMDAra Adi saba zrAvakoM ke hAtha meM the| zrI pUjya to anya sthAna kI bhA~ti varSoM se kabhI-kabhI Akara cAturmAsa karate the| jinalAbhasUrijI taka bilkula yahI bAta thii| ve apane jIvana meM prAyaH bIkAnera se bAhara hI vicare aura guDhA meM svargavAsI hue / dAdA sAhaba ke prabhAva se hI jo kucha hai bacA hai| sAdhviyoM kI saMkhyA phira bhI ThIka hai ataH kSetra sambhAlatI haiN| sAdhu saMkhyA bar3he, tyAga, vairAgya, kriyA pAtratA ho [ 11

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jAya to Aja dUsaroM meM jitanI dIkSAeM ho rahI haiM apane meM bhI ho sake / ina saba bAtoM ko likhanA vyartha hai| Apa loga acchI taraha jAnate haiM |"saM0 2040 kA mAgha sudI 14 / uparyukta patra zrI nAhaTA jI kI vistRta itihAsajJatA para saMkSepa meM acchA prakAza DAlatA hai| isI DhaMga ke mere pAsa unake aura bhI patra saMgrahita haiN| sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa unheM prastuta nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai| isI taraha nAhaTA jI kA prAcIna lipi jJAna bhI atyanta vistRta hai| itihAsa Adi ke jJAtA to bahuta ' mila jAte haiM kintu prAcIna lipiyoM ke jJAtA alpa hI haiN| isIlie maiM nAhaTA jI ke vistRta jJAna meM lipi pakSa kA jJAna vizeSa mahatvapUrga samajhatA huuN| vastutaH anya tathyoM kA jJAna to aneka mAdhyamoM se prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu vibhinna lipiyoM kA jJAna to zAstroM ke manthana se hI hotA hai jo ki atyanta zramasAdhya kArya hai| nAiTA jI to kizorAvasthA se hI isa ora dilacaspa rahe, unhoMne aneka prAcIna granthoM kI devanAgarI lipi meM pAMDulipiyA~ kI, aneka sthAnoM meM jAkara purAtAtvika zilA-lekhoM Adi ko pddh'aa| yahI nahIM, unhoMne unheM patrapatrikAoM. pustakoM Adi ke mAdhyama se prakAzita bhI kiyA / zrI nAhaTA jI ke jIvana meM aise aneka prasaMga Aye, jaba unhoMne apane kuzAgra lipi jJAna ke dvArA bar3ebar3e bhASA vaijJAnikoM ko Azcaryacakita kara diyA / DA0 sunItikumAra caTarjI, purAtatvAcArya muni jina vijaya, paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, paM0 gaurI zaMkara ojhA, purAtatva vettA agaracanda nAhaTA prabhRti vidvAna Apake isa jJAna ke sadA prazaMsaka rhe| jina lipiyoM ko anya vidvAna par3hane meM zakya na ho sake unako zrI nAhaTA jI ne eka sudIrgha sImA taka par3hane meM saphalatA prApta kii| sthAna parivartana, sanaya parivartana aura lipi lekhaka parivartana hote huye bhI avaijJAnika varNamAlA ko vaijJAnika vargamAlA kI taraha nAhaTA jI dvaar| par3ha lenA unake gambhIra jJAna evaM cira abhyAsa kA sUcaka hai / mujhe bhI prAcIna lipiyoM kA jo yat kiMcita jJAna hai vaha vAstava meM zrI nAhaTA jI kI hI dena hai / yahA~ maiM zrI nAhaTA jI ke dvArA hI unake hAthoM se likhita prAcIna lipiyoM kA abhilekha prastuta kara rahA hU~ pra::LA 2 pra. + AAW db EPhCOPE I h 20DOE 0004 1Job UCjeuni.na 12]

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uparyukta lipiyoM meM prArambhika paMktitraya mauryakAlIna haiM / arthAt vikrama saMvat 200 varja pUrvavartI haiN| antima paMktidvaya pAlakAlIna hai arthAt lagabhaga yaha 1000 varga prAcIna lipi hai| prArambhika paMktiyoM meM prathama paMkti meM a A i u e o aM hai aura dvitIya paMkti meM ka kha ga gha ca cha ja jha Ja Ta Tha Da Dha Na ta tha da dha na pa pha ba bha ma tRtIya paMkti ya ra la va saha hai / antima paMktiyoM meM nimnAMkita zloka hai ye dhammA hetu pabhavA hetu teSA tathA gato Aha / teSA ca yo nirodho evaM vAdI mahAzramaNaH // isI prakAra ke zrI nAhaTA jI ke dvArA svahastalikhita prAcIna zilA lekhoM ke eka do udAharaNa aura prastuta hai 14 4 1 1 : k 4714444w6614 A JAFE ANAali tra 4861 hA gaThana 1. GHO HADICAVANOJ Junad 18 sjvaMka | = G F F S = F + Y Z I F m klere patura heca he Ivena praNata 78 ase he mAjata, pU6nda Tr ukta abhilekhoM meM prathama lekha udayagiri kI hAthI guphA para samrATa khAravela kA hai jo ki IsA se 300 varNa pUrva kA hai| isameM nimnAMkita lekha hai namo arahAna namo sava sidhAnaM verena mahArAjena mahAmegha vAhanena cetarAja vasavadhanena pasatha subhalakhane (na) caturaMta laThAna gunopagatena kaliMgAdhipatinA siri khAravelena / dvitIya lekha mathurA kA sIMhanAdika pratiSThApita AyAgapaTa kA hai| isameM jisa vAta kA ullekha hai, vaha isa prakAra hainamo arahaMtANaM sikasa vAnIkasa putrena kosiko putrena sIhanAdikena AyAgapaTo pratiThApito arahaMta pUjAye / zrI nAhaTA jI lipi-vijJAna hI nahIM, purAtatva sambandhI jJAna ke bhI dhanI haiN| unhoMne mUrtiyoM, citroM, vAstukalA tathA lalitakalA se sambandhita aneka cIjoM kA saMgraha kiyA hai jo ki zrI abhaya jaina saMgrahAlaya. bIkAnera meM saMgrahita haiM / [ 13

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zrI nAhaTA jI vastutaH eka calatA-phiratA pustakAlaya haiN| unakI smaraNa zakti to atyanta vilakSaNa hai| varSoM pUrva dekhI. par3hI huI sAmagrI unake mastiSka meM sampratiparyanta jyoM kI tyoM hai| unake pAsa koI nijI pustakAlaya nahIM hai, aura na hI ve sAmAnyatayA pustakAlaya kA upayoga karate haiN| unakA pustakAlaya nijI hai jo ki unhoMne apane mastiSka meM saMjo rakhA hai| sacamuca zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA kA jJAna-gAMbhIrya adbhuta hai / yadyapi unake pAsa kisI vizvavidyAlaya kI upAdhi / DigrI nahIM hai kintu unakI tulanA mahAn zikSAvidoM se kI jA sakatI hai| unake jJAna ko kisI upAdhi ke antargata Abaddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / sAgara kI athAhatA ko thAhabaddha karanA azakya hai| itihAsa ho yA sAhitya, darzana ho yA bhASA vijJAna, purAtatva ho yA anya koI viSaya-samagratA kA puMja hai nAhaTA jI ke vyaktitva meM / unake jJAna-gAmbhIrya tathA prajJA-prAvINya ko dekhakara maiM to sadaiva unheM mahApaNDita mahopAdhyAya samajhatA hU~ / eka vyavasAyI hokara bhI itane vipula jJAna ke dhanI honA unake vyaktitva kI sarvocca vizeSatA hai| -muni candraprabhasAgara zrI devaguru dharma ke ananya upAsaka, jaina zAsana-prabhAvaka sarvatomukhI pratibhA ke dhanI, saMskRta, prAkRta, baMga, prAcIna gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI bhASAoM ke jJAtA, guNAnurAgI, jaina sAhitya kI AdhyAtmika, dhArmika aura aitihAsika jJAna-dhArA kI triveNI ke saMgama, sAtha hI udAtta vicAroM kI nidhi kI khAna, Adarza zrAvaka kA pratyakSa jaMgama bimba, vinaya kI sAkSAt sAkAra pratimA, saralatA kA jIvita svarUpa. nirabhimAnatA ke mUrtarUpa, zrImAna bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA kA abhinandana kara rahe haiM yaha jAnakara mujhe hArdika prasannatA ho rahI hai / Apake isa Ayojana kA bhUri-bhUri anumodana karate huye maiM bhI mere ina dharmasnehI bandhuvara ke cirAyu hone kI zrI gurudeva va zAsanadeva se prArthanA karatI hU~ ki zrAvakaratna zrI nAhaTA jI dIrghAyu hoM aura ve bacapana se jo sAhitya sevA karate A rahe haiM, usameM vizeSa saMlagna raha kara aprakAzita sAhitya kA yugAnurUpa saMzodhanayukta praNayana anuvAda karake bhAvI pIr3hI ko jaina sAhitya kI ora abhimukha kareM / unakI sevA kA mUlyAMkana karanA merI zakti ke to bAhara hai| unhoMne jo durlabha granthoM kI khoja kara vidvatsamUha ke sammukha rakhA hai aura unheM sarva sAdhAraNa ke yogya banAyA hai. usake liye jaina samAja vizeSakara kharataragaccha to kabhI uRNa ho hI nahIM sktaa| nAhaTA bandhaoM kA yaha kArya sadA ke liye vizva meM amara rahegA aura svarNa lipi meM nirantara lipibaddha hotA rahegA / -pravattinI AryA sajjanazrI sAhitya aura kalA ke liye rAjasthAna pradeza kA bIkAnera nagara vikhyAta hai| jisakI goda meM eka nahIM anekoM sarasvatI putroM ne sAhitya sAdhanA kara apane nAma ke sAtha isa marUbhUmi ko bhI gauravAnvita kiyA hai| aise hI sAhityakAroM kI zreNI meM nAhaTA bandhuoM kA nAma bar3e hI Adara evaM sammAna ke sAtha liyA jAtA hai| svargIya sAhitya ziromaNi agaracandajI nAhaTA kI sAhitya, kalA, purAtatva sambandhI sevAe~ yuga - yugAntara preraNAdAyaka banI rhegii| vahIM inake bhatIje parama sammAnanIya sAhitya sevI, kalA upAsaka, purAtatva premI zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA ne bhI sAhitya, kalA evaM purAtatva sambandhI kSetra meM apanI lekhanI ke mAdhyama se bar3I sevA kI hai| 14 ]

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pAMcavI zreNI taka zikSA prApta karane vAle sAhitya sAdhaka zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ne aba taka hajAroM zodhapUrNa aitihAsika, sAhityika. dharma, darzana Adi sambandhI racanAe~ kevala likhI hI nahIM hai apita bhArata kI ucca koTi ko patra-patrikAoM meM viziSTa sthAna bhI pA cukI hai| Apane itihAsa kI gaharAiyoM ko jahAM chaA hai vahAM purAtatva kI bArIkI se bhI achUte nahIM rhe| jisake kAraNa Apane itihAsa evaM purAtatva ke kSetra meM jo kArya kiyA vaha nizcita rUpa se saMgrahaNIya evaM anUThA hI hai| zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA dvArA prakAzita, sampAdita pustakoM va granthoM kI lambI sUcI bhI hai| anekoM durlabha granthoM kA anuvAda bhI Apane kiyA hai| kaI pustakoM kA Apane svargIya sAhitya tapasvI nararatna agaracanda jI nAhaTA ke sAtha sampAdana, anuvAda evaM prakAzana bhI kiyA hai / sAdhAraNa zikSAprApta dharmapremI zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA ke pAsa vidyAlaya kI koI DigrI nahIM hai lekina ve hindI. gujarAtI, baMgAlI, rAjasthAnI bhASA ke sAtha-sAtha saMskRta, pAlI. prAkRta. apabhraMza Adi bhASAoM ke jJAtA bhI haiN| jisake kAraNa Apane apanI lekhanI se jaina sAhitya kI amUlya sevA kI hai| prAcIna kalAtmaka durlabha sAmagrI ko saMgrahita kara Apane prAcIna aitihAsika vaibhava kA anUThA saMgrahAlaya khar3A kara diyA hai jo bhAratIya kalA evaM saMskRti ke naye AyAma liye huye haiN| zAMta svabhAvI, madhurabhASI zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA para lakSmI kA pyAra ta hai, sarasvato kA dulAra bhI hai| dharma ArAdhanA evaM upAsanA Apane apane pUrvajoM se arjita kara rakhI hai| bIkAnera ke nAhaTA parivAra meM sAhitya aura kalA upAsakoM ne apanA nAma jagata - vivyAta kara rakhA hai sAtha hI isI gotra meM dharma ArAdhanA, upAsanA ke liye saMsAra ke moha mAyA ke jAla se haTakara zramaNa saMyama jIvana prApta karane vAloM ko bhI saMkhyA kamA nahIM hai| yaha merA mo saubhAgya hI rahA hai ki maiMne bhI dharmaniSTha parama AdaraNIya zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA kI preraNA evaM mArgadarzana meM vizva-prema pracArikA, samanvaya sAdhikA, jaina kokilA, vyAkhyAna mAratI. jinazAsana pramAvikA, samabhAva dhArikA pravattinI svargIyA vicakSaNa jI ma0 sA0 kI ziSyA banane kA gaurava prApta kiyaa| maiM dharma ArAdhaka. sAhitya upAsaka, kalA premI, saMskRti rakSaka, itihAsa ke racayitA, purAtatva ke paMDita. Azukavi zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ko unakI 75 vIM varSagAMTha para kiye jAne vAle abhinandana para unake cirAya kI maMgala kAmanA karatI huI jinazAsana deva se prArthanA karatI hU~ ki Apa sAhitya evaM sAMskRtika sevA ke sAtha-sAtha jaina zAsana kI adhika se adhika sevA kara jana-jana meM yazasvI bneN| -candraprabhAzrI eka prasiddha vyavasAyI hone para bhI Apake dvArA jo sAhitya sevA, samAja sevA kI gaI hai evaM kI jA rahI hai vaha atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| Apa kA vAhya paraveza-sAdagI se paripUrNa kintu jJAna-sAdhanA ati aizvaryapUrNa hai / niHsaMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai-vidvatA ke Apa mUrtarUpa haiN| ApakI vidvatA ko kisI pramANapatra kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai vaha to Apa ke sahasroM lekhoM, kavitAoM, kahAniyoM meM bikharI par3I hai-jinheM pAThaka sahaja anubhava karate haiN| livijJAna, bhASAzAstra meM to Apa pAraMgata haiM hI, kintu mUrtikalA, citrakalA. vAstukalA. lalitakalAoM ke bho pArakhI haiN| itihAsa meM vizeSa gati tathA aneka bhASAoM ke jJAtA haiN| apane jIvanakAla meM Apake dvArA jo vizAla adhyayana evaM jJAna sampadA se samAja ko vibhinna dizAoM meM mArgadarzana prApta huA hai-vaha sadaiva avismaraNIya rhegaa|

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jJAnapakSa ke sAtha-sAtha kriyAtmaka AcaraNa meM bhI Apa niyamita apramatta haiM / dhArmika AsthA kA paricaya ApakI dainika pravRti detI hai| isa samaya sva0 agaracanda jI nAhaTA jo Apake kAkAjI the unheM smaraNa kie binA nahIM raha sakate / nAhaTA parivAra meM nAhaTA bandhadraya ne jIvana meM jJAna va AcaraNa kA samanvaya rUpa Adarza upasthita kiyA hai| -maNiprabhA zrI Aja se 11 varSa pUrva chattIsagar3ha ke paMDariyA tahasIla meM saMpanna grISmakAlIna prAMtIya jaina zikSaNa zivira ke samApana samAroha kA zrI agara canda jI nAhaTA kI adhyakSatA va zrI bhaMvaralAla jI kA mukhya Atithya pilA thaa| pazcAt pichale varSa dillI varSAvAsa ke madhya kucha samaya mulAkAta-vArtA huii| ukta alpakAlIna samparka meM yaha andezA kiyA ki Apa vitta va vidyA kI saMpannatA ke sAtha-sAtha vinamratA viveka, vizvAsa, vilakSaNatA kI sAkAra pratimA haiN| vyavahAra kI saralatA hai, vANI meM dRr3hatA hai. vRddhAvasthA ke bAvajUda ApakI nazoM meM yuvakoM sI prANavattA hai / yadyapi yugapradhAna prathama dAdA gurudeva jinadattasU gotra nAhaTA hI nA-haTA ( katrtavya ke prati dRr3ha saMkalpI) kA dyotaka hai vahI zoNita ApakI raga-raga meM samAhita hai| niSkarSataH Apake athaka prayatnoM se vizvasAhitya ko mahatvapUrNa upalabdhi huI hai| ApakI buddhi saritA ke muhAne para jJAna evaM kalA kA advitIya saMgama hai phalasvarUpa vastu, zilpa, mUrti, lalita citrakalA ke sAtha hI itihAsa vijJAna, anveSaNarucitA, durlabha bhASA, sAhitya tathA prAcIna lipiyoM ke sahasrosahasra gUr3hatama tathyoM kA rahasyodghATana kara anupama amUlya nidhi samarpita kI hai jo puzta-dara-puzta ApakI cira-smRti liye sAhitya premiyoM ko dizAbodha karAtI rhegii| abhinandana ke ina kSaNoM meM zAsaneza se prArthanA hai ki zrIyut nAhaTA jI dIrgha avadhi taka apanI jJAna-prabhA se janamAnasa ko Alokita karate rheN| samAja pUrvApakSA unase adhika lAbhAnvita hokara eka dIpa se hajAroM dIpa jyotita kare / yahI maMgalakAmanA / -manohara zrI ' zrI nAhaTAjI sA0 pUrvApekSA adhika jina sAhitya sevA meM agrasara hoM aura unheM gurudeva khUba suyaza pradAna kareM, yahI zubhakAmanA hai| -sAdhvI pradhAna avicala zrI. vinIlAzrI. suraMjanAzrIAdi saMvat 1080 se calA A rahA kharataragacchIya vAGmaya jo jJAna bhaMDAroM meM saMgrahita thA, jisakI jAnakArI bhI vidvAnoM ko nahIM thI una graMthoM ko prakAzana meM lAne kA kArya zrImAn zreSThIvarya agaracaMda jI nAhaTA evaM bhaMvaralAla jI sA0 nAhaTA ne kiyaa| hAlAMki ye vyAvasAyika vaNika haiM , vyApAra dhaMdhA inake jIvana nirvAha kA sAdhana hai phira bhI sAhityika ruci anukaraNIya, anumodanIya va prazaMsanIya hai| inakI sAhitya sevA kharataragaccha jaina samAja ke lie avismaraNIya hai| ye saMskRta, prAkRta, gujarAtI, mAravAr3I Adi ke jJAtA to haiM hI sAtha hI kavi bhI haiM / mahAmaho. pAdhyAya samayasuMdara jI, jinaharSagaNi, jinabhadra gaNi, jinaprabhasUri, jJAna sAgara upAdhyAya, jinavardhanasUri Adi anekazaH vidvAnoM para Apane zodhapUrNa kArya kiye / jaina saMskRti kI surakSA ke lie Apa hamezA taiyAra rahe haiM / yahA~ taka ki mujhe bhI zodha kArya meM nirantara preraNA dete rahe haiN| Apake nirdezana meM 'kharataragacchIya sAhitya koza' banAne kA saMkalpa kiyA hai| gurudeva se yahI kAmanA hai ki aise sAhitya sevI, karmaTha kAryakartA ko dIrNayu pradAna kreN| -surekhAzrI 16]

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I am glad to learn on Shri Bianwarlal Nahata's reaching the age of Seventyfive, his friends in Calcutta are feiicitatiag him through an Abhinandan Granth. I have pleasure in extending my felicitations to him on this occasion, together with my best wishes for his good health and continued service to the many public causes with jwhich he is associated. -R. Venkataraman Vice-President of India The Prime Minister Shri Rajiv Gandhi is pleased to know that Shri Bhanwarlal Nahata Abhinandan Samaroh Samity will be publishing the Abhinandan Grantha in honour of Shri Nahata on his 75th birth anniversary. He sends his good wishes to the Samity on this occasion. -Rajeshwari Tandon Social Secretary to PM, Govt of India zrI nAhaTA jo rAjasthAna ke sAhitya jagata kI vibhUti haiN| unakA sammAna pradeza kA sammAna hai| : - PART 4 sadasyA, rAjasthAna vidhAna sabhA, jayapura I am delighted to know that Shri Bhanwarlal Nahata Abhinandan Samaroh Samiiy has decided to felicitate Shri Bhanwarlal Nahata, an eminent linguist on his 75th Birth Anniversary. I send my good wishes for this noble endeavour. -Kalpana Dasgupta Librarian, National Library, Calcutta. Shri Bhanwarlal Nahata is well known for his rich and valuable contribution as a Scholar of various oriental languages and possessing deep insight for old scripts, as also, for his historical knowledge and as an expert on antiquities. During the course of several years he has studied thousands of old manuscripts in various languages and scripts and by translating them has brought to light many hidden treasures from old literature of various languages and scripts adding to the cultural heritage of the country and establishing himself as a scholar of his own kind. a long life to continue to be of valuable I take this opportunity of wishing him service to the community as a whole. Sawai Bhawani Singh of Jaipur MVC City Palace, Jaipur

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zrI agaracandajI evaM zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA donoM bandhuoM ne jaina sAhitya ko jana-sAdhAraNa kI bhASA meM gadya-padya ke rUpa meM likhakara, itihAsa kA zodhana kara samAja para bahuta bar3A upakAra kiyA hai| gata varSa anAyAsa hI unase pAlItAnA meM meMTa ho gaI thii| unakI bar3I kRpA thI ki unake amUlya samaya meM se lagabhaga zA-2 ghaMTe kA samaya mujhe milA aura pAlItAnA meM kharataragaccha ke pUrva kAla ke prabhAva kA aura prasaMgAnusAra bhAratavarSa meM kharataragaccha ke prabhAva kA rocaka evaM tathyapUrNa itihAsa jaanaa| unhoMne isako lekhabaddha kiyA yA nahIM nahIM jAnatA para aisI kaI bAteM jo unakI jAnakArI meM haiM unheM lipibaddha kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai / zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA uttama puruSa haiN| unake mana meM jaina dharma kA jaise bhI ho poSaNa, rakSaNa, prasAra ho yaha bhAvanA banI rahatI hai| unake jIvana ke pratyeka kArya meM unakA yaha bhAva pragaTa hotA hai| isIliye unake jIvana meM svArtha gauNa hai| unakI kriyAe ucita haiN| hamezA adIna bhAva se rahate haiN| koI bhI kArya prAraMbha karane ke pUrva usake pariNAma kA Akalana kara lete haiM, apane Azaya ke prati dRr3ha haiM, unakA koI choTA-sA bho upakAra kare to ve usako bhUlate nahIM / aise guNavAna, guNAnurAgI mahAnubhAva kA Apane abhinandana samAroha ke rUpa meM guNAnuvAda kiyA aura mujhe bhI unake AMzika guNoM kA varNana karane kA avasara diyA. isake liye maiM ApakA AbhArI huuN| -vimalakumAra caurar3iyA prAnta saMgha cAlaka, rASTrIya svayaM sevaka saMgha, bhAnapurA. ma0 pra0 zrI nAhaTAjI apane ApameM eka vRhad mAnavajJAnakoza haiM aura unake kAryoM ne vizva sAhitya samAja meM kIrtimAna sthApita kiye haiN| isa prakAra kI vizva dya vibhUti kA jitanA sammAna kiyA jAya kama hai| -anila zarmA kAunsilara, kalakattA myunisipala kAporezana zrI nAhaTAjI hamAre samAja evaM deza ke gaurava haiM aura ve kevala vyakti hI nahIM, eka mahat saMsthAna haiM / hamAre aneka durlabha prAcIna prayoM ko, jinheM par3ha pAnA duSkara thA, unhoMne apanI pratibhA se unakI svatantra varNamAlA taiyAra kara usa dharohara ko dezavAsiyoM ke liye sulabha kara diyA / isa kArya ke liye vartamAna hI nahIM, bhaviSya kI bhI sArI pIr3hiyAM inakI cira RNI rhegii| -zAntilAla jaina kAunsilara, kalakattA myunisipala kArporezana 18]

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pitAmaha svarUpa nAhaTAjI hama sabake preraNA srota haiN| unakI bahuAyAmI pratimA kI mahAsAgarIya vizAlatA evaM gahanatA sAdhAraNa vyakti kI kalpanA kSamatA meM nahIM sanA sakatI / hama to taTavartI laharoM ke sparza-sukha meM hI jIvana kI alaukika sampannatA evaM Ananda kI anubhUti se abhibhUta ho uThate haiM / atIta kI divya anubhUtiyoM ko atimAnavIya cetanA se sampRkta kara vartamAna kA abhiSeka karane vAle mahAna purodhA kI sAdhanA ke zAzvata Aloka kI prabhA kA abhinandana kara bhAvI pIr3hiyA~ apanI pahacAna ko adhikAdhika sazakta evaM samujjvala banA sakegI-isI vizvAsa ke sAtha nAhaTAjI ke trikAla vyApI vyaktitva ke prati khar3agapura jaina samAja apanA zata-zata praNAma nivedana karatA hai| -bhIkhamacaMda kocara maMtrI. zrI jaina zvetAmbara saMgha, khar3agapura isa maMgala kArya hetu svayaM merI tathA zrI a0 bha0 sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha kI ora se hArdika zubhakAmanAeM sviikaareN| mai zAsanadeva se unake zatAyu hone kI prArthanA karatA huuN| -campAlAla DAgA koSAdhyakSa, zrI akhila bhAratavarSIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha, bIkAnera akhila bhAratIya terApaMtha yuvaka pariSad parivAra kI tarapha se zrImAn nAhaTA jI ke cirAyu hone kI maMgala kAmanA karatA hai| zrI nAhaTA jI kI anupama sevAyeM dIrghakAla taka sAhitya jagata ko prApta hotI rahe, aisI prabhu se kAmanA hai| -mevAlAla DAgA sahamaMtrI, akhila bhAratIya terApantha yuvaka pariSad, gaMgAzahara (bIkAnera) dhArmika va sAmAjika kSetra meM zrI nAhaTAjI sA0 kA vizAla yogadAna rahA hai. vo bhI akhila bhAratIya stara para | zrI nAhaTA jI sA0 mere pUjya pitAzrI rAmalAlajI sA0 luNiyA ke samakakSI sahayogI rahe haiN| hamAre yahA~ unake kAkAjI sAhitya-vAridhi zrI agaracandajI nAhaTA kA bahuta AnA-jAnA rahA thA tathA zrI bhaMvaralAlajI sA0 nAhaTA bhI yadAkadA unake sAtha hI padhArate the, kisI na kisI saMsthA ke sandarbha meM salAha mazavirA karane ke liye / merA jaba bhI unake sAtha sAkSAtkAra huA maiMne unheM gambhIra. cintanazIla vidvAna kI chavi Alokita karate paayaa| unake sulajhe hue vicAroM kI kriyAnviti racanAtmaka rUpa se ho, samaya se ho, yahI unakI vizeSatA rahI, jisase zrI nAhaTA jI saphalatA ke carama zikhara para pahuMce haiN| dharma aura samAja-sevA ke katipaya kArya jo aitihAsika mahatva ke liye gine jAte haiM, unameM zrI jinadattasUri sevA saMgha ke maMtrI ke rUpa meM vibhinna smArakoM kA nirmANa hai jaise AcArya zrI haribhadrasUri smRti mandira, cittaur3agar3ha (rAjasthAna) evaM mugala zahaMzAha akabara pratibodhaka dAdA gurudeva 1008 zrI jinacandrasUrIzvarajI mahArAja ke svarga-sthalI, bilAr3A (rAjasthAna) meM bhavya daadaabaaddii| inheM banAne kI yojanA ke vicAra-vimarza evaM samAja ke agrajoM se samparka hetu ApakA ajamera Agamana hotA hI rahatA thaa| Apa hI kI dekharekha meM haribhadrasUra smRti mandira kA bhavya smAraka banA va zrI jinadattasari sevA saMgha ne pratiSThA karAne kA zreya liyA tathA smArikA bhI chapAI / zrI jinacandrasUri dAdAbAr3I evaM derAsara kA bhavya [ 19

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nirmAga, 10 pU0 sva0 mahArAja zrI 105 zrI vicakSaNazrIjI ma0 sA0 kI preraNA se zrI rAmalAlajI sA0 luNiyA ne apane hAthoM meM liyaa| jayapura ke prasiddha ratna-pArakhI samAja-sevI zrI rAjarUpajo sA0 TAMka va bilAr3A, jodhapura, pipADasiTI Adi sthAnoM ke AgevAnoM ko sAtha lekara akhila bhArata ke sahayoga ye cartha dAdA gurudeva kI bhavya dAdAbAr3I kA nirmANa huA va pratiSThA huI / usa dina sakala zvetAmbara zrI saMgha ne hamAre nAyaka zrI saMvaralAla jI nAhaTA ke sudRr3ha hAthoM meM isakI prabandha vyavasthA sauMpa dI thii| Aja thor3e se samaya meM yaha dAdAbAr3I akhila bhAratIya / stara para gurudeva-bhaktoM ke darzana, pUjana kA zraddhApUrNa tIrtha bana gayA hai| isakA zreya zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA kI dUradarzitA pUrNa mArgadarzana ko hI hai| ratalAma meM pa0 pU0 mahArAja zrI 105 zrI vicakSaNazrI jI ma0 sA0 kI cira-vAMchita saMsthA "zrI sukhasAgara gurukula" kI sthApanA kA zreya bhI zrI bhaMvaralAlajI sA0 nAhaTA ko diyA jaaegaa| isa saMsthA se jana chAtroM ko Adhanika zikSA ke sAtha racanAtmaka kAryoM evaM dhArmika kriyA-kalApoM ke sAtha jIvana saphala banAne kA mArga-darzana milatA rahA hai| zikSA prema kA isase bar3hiyA udAharaNa aura kyA ho sakatA hai| sAhitya ke dvArA jaina samAja ko ApakI dena, "kuzala nirdeza" mAsika-patra hai jisakA varNana karanA bhI atiAvazyaka hai| Apa hI ke vidvatApUrNa sampAdana evaM kuza vyavasthA se yaha patra samAja meM apanA ucca stara kAyama rakhate hue vau~ se sevArata hai| mUlataH bIkAnera (rAjasthAna) ke vAsI hote hue tathA vyApArika vyasta jIvana kA kalakattA mahAnagara meM nirvAha karate hue Apane lakSmI evaM mA~ sarasvatI kI ArAdhanA meM apanA jIvana lagAyA yaha stutya hai| sabase bar3I bAta hai ina sabhI vyastatApUrNa sthiti meM bhI ApakI samAja sevA evaM dharma meM gaharI niSThA jAgrata rahI hai| ApakA sakriya sahayoga samAja ke hara varga evaM hara saMsthA ko milA aura Apake audAryapUrNa vyaktitva se saMbla bhI milaa| bhASA-zAstra, lipi-vijJAna, citrakalA evaM lalitakalAoM ke pArakhI, vilakSaNa pratibhA ke dhanI zrI bhaMvaralAlajI sA0 nAhaTA ke samanvaya prema, kartavyaniSTha vyaktitva ko dRSTimAna rakhate hue katipaya udgAra, zraddhA-sumana ke rUpa meM arpita karate hue hama Aja hamArI saMsthA kI ora se zrI bhaMvaralAlajI sA0 nAhaTA kA hArdika bahumAna karate haiM tathA parama pUjya gurudeva mahArAja se prArthanA karate haiM ki dharmaniSTha nAhaTA jI sA0 zatAyu hoM va samAja unakI pratibhA evaM mArgadarzana se lAbhAnvita hokara pragati karatA rhe| -amaracanda luNiyA adhyakSa, zrI jinadattasUri maNDala. ajamera bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA saM mhArau milaga rau mokau kadeI paDyau konI, nI koI joga kadai milaNa rau huyau hAM vArA svargIya kAkA zrI agaracandajI nAhaTA sU keI bAra milaNau bhI huyau aura keI viSayAM mAthai patra vyavahAra bhI paNa vAre bhatIje bhaMvaralAlajI rau nAMva mhArai vAste aseMdhau huvai A bAta niiN| mhai to kAMI' rAjasthAnI ro sAyada hI koI ar3o sajaga pAThaka huvailA jo maiMvaralAla jI nAhaTA ro nAMva nI suNyau huve| milaNa rau joga to huve bhI kiyAM ve rAjasthAna saM kArUpa desa meM, kalakattA nagara meM Aparau vopAra sNbhaalai| AparI jalamabhoma bIkAnera sU atA dUra rahatA thakAM bhI ve AparI mAyar3a bhASA khAtara Aparai hiya meM pUrI pIr3a-pALa rAkhI ara rAjasthAnI sAhitya rau sirajaNa karayau ara uNarI 20]

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aMverabhI krii| bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA rAjasthAnI re ApUnika sAhitya re sirajaga re sAthai rAjasthAnI rai purAMNa sAhitya rau saMgraha ara saMrakSaNa ro mehatAU kAma kryau| maiMvaralAlajI ara ArA kAkA agaracandajI nAhaTA au donUM miLa'ra pANDalipiyA~ rau je saMgraha karayau vo Aja bhI "abhaya jaina granthAlaya vIkAnera" meM surakSita hai| iyai grantha meM koI 56-57 hajAra nair3I hastalikhita pothiyA~ bheLI karIjI jiko apaNe Apa meM vota baDau kAma hai / aka bAta aThai mhai A bhI kaivagI cAvaM ke bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA sAhitya sirajaNa ara granthasaMgraha rai sAthai Aparau puztainI dhaMdhau bho aThai DhaMga saM sNbhaaliyau| maiMvaralAlajI iNa kAma dhaMdhA ara AparA vopAra ne je nI saMbhALatA to agaracandajI nAhaTA sAyada hI itau sAhitya lekhana rau kAma kara sakatA / kyukai agaracandajI nAhaTA ne sAhitya lekhana rau itau avasara nI miltau| iNa bhAMta bha~varalAlajI Aparai kAkAjI agaracandajI na sAhitya sirajaNa sArU pUrau avasara deya jo amolo seyoga diyo vo bhI sarAvaga joga jiga rI vajaha sUM hai| aracandajI nAhaTA Aparau pUrau jIvaNa sAhitya rai nAma samarpita kara sakyA / kAkA re khAtara bhatoja rau aura tyAga ara mAva bakhAMNaNa joga / rAjasthAnI rA lADesara AM donUM kAkA bhatIja rA vakhAMga karAM jitA hI thodd'aa| bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA re iNa abhinandana avasara mAthai mhai mAyar3abhASA rA hetALa sapUta rI isa sabadAM meM abhinandana karu samajhagahAra sujANa, bIkANai rau 6AMkurau / dhanA'ra vidyA ra pAMNa, oLakha vaNAi AparI / / 1 / / garavI ghaNai gumeja. guvAr3a ja nAhaTAM tnnii| bhaMvara agara rai kAja, aMjasai rajathAMnI ajai / / 2 / / bha~vara jisau bhatarIja. harakhyau agara ro hivddau|| rUr3I baNI A rIjha, kAkA nai bhatIja taNI // 3 // bha~vara bhariyA bhaNDAra, pUra purAMNI pothiyAM / sirajaNa rau suadhAra, rajathAnI nai theM diyau / / 4 / / bhaMvara pagAM rau bhesa, bha~vara padai na dhaariyau| muLake marUdhara deza, nara nAhaTa tujha kAraNe // 5 // surasata likSamI doya, akaNa sAtha arAdhaNau / kasara na rakho koya, sAMce mana sevA karI // 6 // -vikramasiMha gUndoja rAjasthAnI zodha saMsthAna, jodhapura [21

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zrI bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA se merI mulAkAta kevala eka bAra kI hai / sAmAnya se mAravAr3I pahanAve meM ve eka seTha to laga sakate haiM. para ve itane bar3e sarasvatI putra haiM, yaha kalpanA hI duruha hai| lagatA hai svayaM sarasvatI ne Azraya khojate khojate thakakara zrI bha~varalAlajI ko hI apanA Azraya sthala banA liyA hai| unake pAsa akAdamIka zikSA kI koI DigrI nahIM hai, isake bAvajUda ve hindI saMskRta, prAkRta, baMgalA tathA rAjasthAnI ke udbhaTa vidvAna haiN| unhoMne bahuta likhA, vibhinna vidhAoM meM likhA kahAnI, saMsmaraNa, zodha-prabandha aura kavitA meM unakI kaI pustakeM prakAzita haiN| unhoMne jitanA likhA vaha vyakti ke rUpa meM nahIM, eka nAhaTA vandhu ke rUpa meM likhA aura isIliye zrI agaracandajI nAhaTA ke nAma se jAne-pahacAne pracura sAhitya meM unakA vahuta bar3A bhAga hai| yaha alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai yAni jitanA sAhitya unake nAma se jAnA jAtA hai ve usase kahIM adhika ke lekhaka haiN| bhI haiN| unakA lekhana yadyapi bIsavIM sadI ke zrI nAhaTA jI jitane bar3e vidvAna haiM, utane hI vinamra aura samarpita-vRtti vAle Arthika arjana ke liye to huA hI nahIM hai. yaza pratiSThA kI dRSTi se bhI nahIM huA hai| isa nauveM dazaka meM yaha tathya svIkAra karane ko mana nahIM mAnatA hai, para yaha sarvathA satya hai samarpita sAhityakAroM kI usa kar3I meM agraNI haiM, jo samaya kI paratale AcchAdita nahIM hoNge| avasara para merI kAnanA hai ki hameM unakI zatAbdI manAne kA bhI avasara prApta ho / / zrI bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA unake 75veM janmadivasa ke zrI bha~varalAla nAhaTA kI samAja sevA se paricita hai| unhoMne sabhI samudAyoM ke hita ke lie kArya kiyA hai / aise pratibhAzAlI aura kSamatAvAna vyakti kA abhinandana karanA hI caahie| merI zubhakAmanAeM / - harSacandra saMpAdaka, kathAloka, dillI zrI nAtA jI ne apanI pratibhA, adhyayana, cintana tathA manana dvArA tathA ajJAta granthoM kI khoja saMpAdana tathA anuvAda dvArA jina zAsana kA gaurava bar3hAyA hai| maiM unakI hIraka jayantI ke avasara para hArdika maMgala kAmanA karatA huuN| -jJAnacanda jaina sampAdaka tAraNabaMdha. bhopAla -rAjendra avasthI kAdaMvini, naI dillI zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA eka pratibhAvAna bhAI haiN| Apa saMskRta prAkRta, pAlI, hindI, baMgalA, gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI bhASAoM ke acche jAnakAra haiN| sAtha hI ApakA lipi jJAna bhI adbhuta hai / Apane anekoM lekha aura kaI pustakeM bhI likhI haiM itihAsa kI khoja meM bhI ApakI adhika ruci hai| 22]

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isa maMgalamaya avasara para hama nI nAhaTAjI ke dorghajIvI hone kI prArthanA karate haiM / sAtha hI nAhaTA jI ko 'jaina ratna' kI upAdhi se alaMkRta karane kA prastAva peza karate haiM / -javAharalAla lor3hA sampAdaka, zvetAmbara jaina, AgarA zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA jase kama hI vyaktiyoM ko vaizya samAja meM sarasvatI kA saubhAgyazAlI putra banane kA zubhAvasara milatA hai / ve apanA kArya karate haiM, sammAna yA yaza ke liye nahIM, apitu sAhitya ke vikAsa ke lie. vo bhI AMtarika bhUkha aura dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha / svayaM sarasvatI sAdhanA se prasanna hokara aise vyaktiyoM kI mArga-pradarzikA bana jAtI hai| dhanika, udyogapati, vyavasAyI galI-galI meM milate haiM, kintu sarasvatI ke sacce sAdhaka durlabha hote haiN| hameM unakA sammAna kara nayI pIr3hI ko unakI tejasvitA evaM sAdhanA se paricita karAnA hai| sarasvatI kI upAsanA karane vAle ke abhinandana meM merA bhI svara sAtha hai / -kRSNacandra agravAla sampAdaka, dainika vizvamitra, kalakattA yaha sunakara bar3I prasannatA huI ki pUjya bhAIjI zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA kI 75vIM varSagAMTha 'amRta-mahotsava ke rUpa meM kalakattA ke prabuddha nAgarikoM kI ora se manAyI jA rahI hai / vaise san 1976 I0 meM svanAmadhanya sva0 Agaracanda jI nAhaTA ko abhinandana grantha seMTa kiyA gayA thA-saMyukta rUpa se ApakA bhI abhinandana "nAhaTA bandha abhinaMdana grantha" ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA thaa| hamAre nAhaTA parivAra meM dUsarI pIr3hI meM bhaMvaralAlajI hI umra meM sabase bar3e haiM isaliye sabhI bhAI jI ke nAma se inheM pukArate haiN| jisa varSa merA janma huA usI varSa mAIjI kA vivAha choTA devI se huA thaa| inakI goda meM maiM palA hU~-aura bacapana se hI na jAne kyoM mere mana meM inake prati zraddhA, prema evaM aTUTa vizvAsa rahA hai| ma IjI gRhastha meM hote hue bhI saMta puruSa haiN| inake cehare para kamI krodha kI lAlimA nahIM dekhii| jo kucha bhI sAhitya, itihAsa, purAtattva kA kAma kiyA apane cAcA agaracandajI nAhaTA ke sAtha saMyukta rUpa se kiyA kintu svayaM nilipta bhAva se rahe, sabhI cAcAjI ke caragoM meM samarpita kara rakhA thaa| inakI kabhI bhI yaha AkAMkSA nahIM rahI ki inakA nAma ho, inheM yaza mile| yaha eka aisA mAnavIya guga bhAIjI meM hai, jisakI koI dUsarI mizAla nhiiN| bhAIjI kA sArA jIvana satya-niSThA se ota-prota hai, kabhI jhUTha yA galata vAta kA sahArA nahIM liyA / yA to mauna rahe yA spaSTa rUpa se khullama-khulA kahA / Apane mujhe eka dina ekAnta meM batAyA-maiMne jIvana meM koI galata kAma nahIM kiyaa| eka-do vAteM anajAne meM ho gaI, usakA abho bhI maiM pazcAttApa kara rahA huuN| bha IjI kA aneka saMsthAoM se sambandha hai| jo pada bhAra grahaNa karate haiM usako kartavyaniSThA se nibhAte haiM / kalakattA jaina samAja ke hI nahIM. bhAratIya jana samAja ke sAhityasevI. samAjasevo. dhaniSTha zrAvaka haiM / apane nikaTatama logoM ke viSaya meM kalama se likhanA bar3A duSkara kArya hai, isaliye kalama ko yahIM vizrAma detA hai| pra hai-ApakA sAnnidhya, varada hasta yugoM-yugoM taka hama saba para chatra chAyA banAye rakhe / -hajArImala bA~ThiyA. kAnapura [ 23

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jAnakara atyanta Ananda huA ki zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA kA abhinandana ho rahA hai| zrI nAhaTAjI ne jo sAhityasevA kI hai vaha bahuta kAla taka yAda rakhane vAlI hai| na mAlUma kitane naye graMthoM ke Upara lekhakoM kI khoja unhoMne apane vyApArI jIvana meM vyasta rahakara bhI kI hai. usakA aMdAjA lagAnA bhI kaThina hai| kaI bhaNDAroM ko unhoMne TaTolA aura unameM se ratnoM kI khoja kI hai| AnevAlI pIr3hI ke liye jo sAmagrI unhoMne juTAI vaha itanI hai ki usa para kaI vidvAna zodha karane juTa jAe phira bhI usakA anta Ane vAlA / nahIM hai| eka hI vyakti ke itane zodha-prabandha anyatra durlabha haiN| maiM unheM praNAma karatA huuN|| -paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, ahamadAbAda zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA kI sevAe bar3I vyApaka hai| unhoMne jena sAhitya ko hI nahIM, jaina saMskRti aura jaina darzana ko bhI samRddha kiyA hai| unakI lekhanI barAbara gatizIla rahatI hai. kabhI vizrAma nahIM letii| unhoMne aneka viSayoM para sAhitya kI racanA kI hai. Aja bhI kara rahe haiM / vastutaH ve mAnate haiM ki vyakti sAmAjika prANI hai / Atmonnati ke sAtha-sAtha loka-maMgala ke liye bhI use kucha karanA caahiye| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve samAja kI cetanA ko jAgRta karane ke liye apane sAragarmita vicAra apanI viziSTa zailI meM dete rahe haiN| mujhe yaha jAnakara Azcarya-mizrita harSa huA ki prAcIna lipiyoM ko par3hane kI unameM vilakSaNa kSamatA hai / isase unakI maulika sUjhabUjha kA spaSTa patA calatA hai| zrI nAhaTAjI kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve asAmAnya hone para bhI sApAnya haiM / ve nirabhimAnI / haiM. vinamra haiM, sAdagI-priya haiM aura madhura-bhASI haiN| apanI vidvatA ko unhoMne kabhI bhAra nahIM banane diyaa| sahaja jIvana jiyA hai, Aja bhI vaisA ho jI rahe haiN| -yazapAla jaina sastA sAhitya maMDala, nayI dillI saMsAra meM adhikatara vyakti aise haiM jinapara na sarasvatI kI kRpA hai aura na lakSmI kii| kucha eka sarasvatI ke kRpApAtra hote haiM to lakSmI use vimukha rahatI hai. aura jo lakSmI ke kRpApAtra hote haiM unapara sarasvatI kI kRpA nahIM hotii| aise udAharaNa atyanta virala hote haiM jaba koI vyakti sarasvatI evaM lakSmI donoM kA eka sAtha kRpApAtra ho| aise hI virale mahAbhAga sajjanoM meM zreSThivarya bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA tathA unake ananya sahayogI evaM sage cAcA sva0 agaracanda nAhaTA rhe| donoM ko hI zikSA-dIkSA atisAdhAraNa, sthAnIya zAlA kI pAMcavI kakSA taka hI rahI / pArivArika vyApAra vyavasAya janmasthAna bIkAnera meM hI sImita nahIM thA, baMgAla va AsAma paryanta vistRta evaM paryApta unnata rahatA aayaa| donoM hI ukta vyApArika saMsthAna ke karmaTha evaM saphala saMcAlaka rahe / prAyaH nagaNya-sI zaikSaNika pRSTha-bhUmi aura gArhasthika evaM vyavasAyI vyastatAoM ke rahate vividharUpA evaM vipula sAhitya-sAdhanA ke liye avakAza nikAla lenA 24]

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dharmapatnI zrImatI jatanadevI ke sAtha zrI nAhaTAjI

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unakI utkaTa jijJAsA, adbhuta pratibhA aura svAntaHsukhAya vidyAvyasana meM athaka adhyavasAya kA hI pariNAma thA / phalataH ye nAhaTA bandhu zIghra hI vidvadgajagata ke prakAzamAna nakSatra banakara camaka utthe| bandhuvara sva0 agaracanda nAhaTA ke sAtha hamArA samparka, patrAcAra tathA vicAroM Adi kA AdAna-pradAna san 1940 ke kucha pUrva hI prAraMbha ho gayA thaa| unhIM ke mAdhyama se zaneH-zanaiH unakI sAhityika evaM zodha-khoja viSayaka pravRttiyoM meM unake nikaTa sahayogI zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA ke sAtha bhI parokSa samparka vRddhigata huaa| prArambha meM hama una donoM ko sahodara samajhate rahe-kaI varSa bAda rahasya khulA ki ve cAcA-bhatIje haiN| agaracandajI yAtrA bahuta karate the, ataeva aneka jainAjena vidvAnoM ke sAtha unake sAkSAt samparka rahe-hameM bhI do-tana vAra unake darzana evaM carcAvArtA kA lAbha milaa| vaha patrAcAra meM bhI bar3e tatpara the| nityaprati darjanoM patra likhate the| svayaM hameM mAsa meM, kabhI-kabhI eka saptAha meM hI unake do-tIna patra mila jAte the| ina donoM hI dizAoM meM bhaMvaralAlajI unase baMhata pIche rahe, kintu gaMbhIra adhyayana tathA talasparzI sUkSma zodha-khoja meM vaha kAkAjI se kucha Age hI rahe / prAyaH sabhI sAhityika pravRttiyoM meM donoM kA paraspara sahayoga, bahudhA saMyukta prayAsa rahatA rahA / vastutaH donoM eka dUsare ke pUraka the| zAstra-bhaMDAroM Adi meM prApta aura madhyakAlIna vividha-lipiyoM meM likhita purAnI hastalikhita grantha pratiyoM va anya dastAvejoM ko par3hane. unakA pATha saMzodhanAdi karane aura ThIka-ThIka pAThArtha lagAne meM bhaMvaralAlajo atyanta dakSa haiN| Apa sulekhaka aura Azukavi bhI haiN| saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI, hindI Adi meM saralatA se uttama kavitA kara lete haiM, aura gujarAtI baMgalA, asamI, marAThI Adi kaI anya bhASAeM bhI janate haiM / itihAsa evaM purAtatva meM bhI unakI abhirUci hai, aura citrakalA kA bhI zauka hai| gata 14 varSoM se Apa hindI mAsika 'kuzala-nirdeza' kA niyamita suSTha sampAdana karate A rahe haiN| zve0 kharataragaccha ke Apa anuyAyI haiM, AdhyAtmika santa sva0 sahajA. nandajI mahArAja ke ziSya evaM ananya bhakta haiM. aura AsthAvAna jinadharmI haiM, tathApi sAmpradAyika vyAmoha athavA sva-mata ke kadAgraha se grasta pratIta nahIM hote| 1974 ke paryaSaNa parva para hameM kalakattA jaina samAja dvArA Amantrita hokara jaba vahAM jAne kA avasara milA to vahAM jaina bhavana meM Ayojita saMyukta jaina kSamApanA samAroha meM zrI bhaMvaralAlajI se hamArI sarvaprathama bheMTa huii| sabhAraMbha se kucha pUrva pAMca-sAta bandhuoM ke sAtha hama sabhAbhavana meM baiThe the ki pAsa hI baiThe, bharI huI khar3I zveta maMchoM vAle. U~ce kada-kAThI ke eka zyAmavarNa mAravAr3I sajjana khisakakara nikaTa Aye aura dhIre se kahA 'maiM bhaMvaralAla'itanA hI paryApta thA, kintu binA isa saMketa ke hamAre liye unheM cInhanA kaThina thaa| unase milane kI utsukatA to thI, kinta unakI jo anumAnAdhArita chavi hamAre mastiSka meM tho, usake sAtha yathArtha kA koI sAdRzya nahIM thaa| nissandeha unase milakara atIva Ananda huA, bAta-cIta bhI huii| aisA lagA ki bahuta kama, aura nape tule zabda bolane kA abhyAsa hai / anAvazyaka yA nirarthaka nahIM bolate / unake kRtitva se to pUrva paricaya thA, vyaktittva kI bhI hRdaya para acchI chApa lgii| unake sAtha patrAcAra to pahile se hI yadA-kadA hotA rahA, unake Adeza para kabhI-kabhI kuzala-nirdeza meM prakAzanArtha lekhAdi bhI bheje haiM / yaha jJAta karake ki sAhitya evaM saMskRti ke kSetra meM niSpanna unakI amUlya sevAoM ke liye unakA sArvajanika abhinandana kiyA jA rahA hai tathA unheM eka uparyukta abhinandana grantha bheMTa kiyA jA rahA hai atIva prasannatA huii| [ 25

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zrI vAka-yuta ina svAntaH sukhAya sAhitya-sAdhaka bandhuvara seTha bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ke ukta abhinandana meM hamArA hArdika sahayoga hai| unake prati hArdika snehAMjali arpita karate hue hama unake susvAsthya evaM saphala cirAyuSya kI kAmanA karate haiN| -DA0 jyotiprasAda jaina, lakhanaU mere mana meM zraddheya bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ke prati agAdha zraddhA aura sammAna hai| inake preraka vyaktitva kA maiM sadaiva prazaMsaka rahA huuN| pracAra aura ADambara se rahita isa vidvAna ne apane vaiduSya se zramaNa saMskRti aura sAhitya ke aneka aghate saMdarbho' ko ujAgara kiyA hai| inakA abhinandana eka stutya prayAsa hai| -pro0 kalyANamala lor3hA bhUtapUrva adhyakSa, hindI vibhAga, kalakattA vizvavidyAlaya maiM nAhaTA bandhuoM ke kAryoM se cirakAla se paricita huuN| zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ne vidyA ke aneka kSetroM meM kArya kiyA hai| lipizAstra ke bhI ve niSNAta hai| 75 varSa kI umra meM bhI ve avirala kAryalagna haiM yaha harSa kI bAta hai| jaina sAhitya ko adhika samRddha karane ke liye ve dIrghakAlaparyanta tandurustI bharA AyuSya ke upabhoktA hoM aisI zubhakAmanA karatA huuN| - ratilAla dIpacaMda desAI AmUla sosAiTI. ahamadAbAda zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA mATe je upamA ApIye te ochI ch| judI judI bhASA nAM aneka granthoM no anuvAda karI. prakAzita karI jaina samAja nI temane anupama sevA bajAvI cha / Avo hIro je pANI mAM tare ane anupama prakAza phelAve / 75mAM janma dina prasaMge prabhu A amUlya hIrA ne hara hameza jaina samAja mA~ tarato rAkhe / -kAntilAla nemacaMda zAha, bambaI zrI nAhaTAjI jaise apratima vidyApuruSa kA abhinandana prajJA evaM puruSArtha kA abhinandana hai| aise prajJApuruSa jaina samAja meM hI nahIM, sampUrNa bhAratIya samAja meM virala haiN| unakI vidyopAsanA evaM sarasvatI-sAdhanA bhAratIya manISA kA eka udAharaNa hai| -DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA adhyApaka, darzana vibhAga, pUnA vizvavidyAlaya 26 ]

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AdaraNIya bhavaralAlajI nAhaTA ke abhinandana ke zubha avasara para mujhe Rgveda ke usa suparNa yugala kI yAda A jAtI hai jo eka sAtha janmeM. jIvana bhara sakhA rahe aura samAna zAkhA kA avalambana liyA / mere jaise katipaya AtmIya-jana hI jAnate hoMge ki A0 agaracandajI nAhaTA tathA A0 bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA meM pArivArika dRSTi se cAcA-bhatIje kA sambandha thA / vidvajjagata unheM suparNa yugala kI taraha hI jAnatA hai| hamaloga unheM jIvita vizvakoza mAnate haiN| jaina vidyA ke liye hI nahIM samagra prAcIna bhAratIya vAGgamaya ke itihAsa meM inakA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hamezA smaraNa kiyA jAegA / bhaMvaralAla jI sA0 se sabase pahale aneka varSa pUrva kalakattA meM unakI gaddI para milA thA / agaracandajI sA0 usa samaya vahIM the| paricaya ke ve apUrva kSaNa smaraNa Ate haiN| bhaMvaralAla jI para aba agaracanda jI sA0 kA bhI dAyitva A gayA hai| bhaMvaralAla jI nAiTA jaise manISI kA abhinandana vidyA ke liye samarpita eka varada-putra kA abhinandana hai| isa avasara para unheM hamAre anekoM praNAma / -DaoN0 gokulacandra jaina adhyakSa, prAkRta evaM jainAgama vibhAga. sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI rAjasthAna ke bIkAnera nagara ne vartamAna yuga meM aneka sAhityika pratimAoM ko janma diyaa| inameM sarvazrI agaracanda jI aura unake bhatIje zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA jI ke nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| ina donoM mahAnubhAvoM ne apanI vividha upalabdhiyoM se na kevala rAjasthAna ko dhanya kiyA, apita isa deza kI zodhaparaka sAhitya sAdhanA ko gauravAnvita kiyaa| skUla, kaoNleja kI aupacArika ucca zikSA donoM ko prApta nahI huI thI, para devI varadAna tathA apane vizad anubhava se inhoMne sAhityika jagat ko vahumUlya ratnoM se vibhUSita kara diyA / zraddheya bhAI agaracanda jI ke bAre meM maiMne eka bAra likhA thA ki 'nAhaTAjI ne jitanA jor3A hai usase kahIM adhika luTAyA hai / ' dAnavIratA kI yaha bhAvanA bhaMvaralAla jI para bhI kharI utaratI hai| unakA dAna sAhityika kSetra meM usI prakAra vyApta hai jisa taraha deza ke aneka prAcIna sAhityakAroM kA avadAna vikIrNa hai / saubhAgya se bhaMvaralAla jI ko bhI Arthika sampannatA prApta rahI hai| isase unheM jIvikArtha aneka kaThinAiyoM se Ahata nahIM honA par3A / jinake kAraNa sAhityakAroM kI kriyAzIlatA kuMThita ho jAtI hai aura ve apane kartavya kA nirvAha samyak DhaMga se nahIM kara paate| zrI bhaMvaralAla jI ke eka samRddha pustakAlaya adhyayana hetu unake yahAM sulabha thA, usakA upayoga to unhoMne kiyA hI sAtha hI kalakattA. dillI, prayAga, vArANasI, gvAliyara Adi kendroM meM upalabdha sAmagrI kA bhI unhoMne gahana adhyayana kiyaa| purAtattva. itihAsa, sAhitya, kalA aura loka-jIvana meM upalabdha mUla-srotoM ke vivecana kI asAdhAraNa zakti unameM hai| 'nAmUla likhyate kiMcita' maMtra kA unhoMne AsthA ke sAtha pAlana kiyA hai| cAhe unakI mUla racanAeM hoM athavA anudita-saMpAdita kRtiyA~ saba meM eka vaijJAnika tarka-sammata mImAMsA dekhane ko milatI [27

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haiN| prAcIna lipiyoM kA jJAna, vyAkaraNa evaM sAhitya meM vaiduSya tathA prAcIna racanAoM kI pRSThabhUmi kI pakar3a-ina guNoM ke kAraNa zrI bhaMvaralAla jI ko apanI sAhityika sAdhanA meM var3A lAbha milA / saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraza, hindI, aura rAjasthAnI ke sAtha unhoMne daMgalA. gujarAtI Adi anya kaI vartamAna bhAratIya bhASAoM meM dakSatA prApta kii| isase aneka bhASAtmaka, sAhityika aura sAMskRtika samasyAoM ko sulajhAne meM tathA tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM unheM bar3I sahAyatA milii| mA~ bhAratI ke eka mahAn putra zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA zatAyu hoM aura sAhitya ko bhaviSya meM nayI kRtiyoM se alaMkRta karate raheM, yahI merI kAmanA hai / -DA0 kRSNadatta vAjapeyI sAgara vizvavidyAlaya, sagara, madhya pradeza zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA jaina sAhitya, itihAsa tathA prAcIna lipi ke vidvAna haiN| vidvAna kisI vidyAlaya yA pAThazAlA meM par3ha kara nahIM vane, yaha unakI vizeSatA hai| varSoM isa dizA meM kArya karane se anubhavI jaina-sAhitya ke jJAtA bana gye| dIrghakAla taka Apa jaina sAhitya, itihAsoM aura lipi kI vizeSa sevA karate raheM yahI zubha kAmanA hai| -gulAbacanda jaina, dillI zrI nAhaTAjI sAhitya-sAdhanA kI virala vibhUti haiN| mahApaMDita kintu atyanta vinamra svabhAva vAle zrI nAhaTAjI bhASA evam lipi ke atirikta purAtana mUrti evam citrakalA ke bhI pArakhI haiN| sAhitya kI vividha vidhAoM meM Apane kAphI likhA hai| sarasvatI ke aise varad putra kA abhinandana karanA hamArA kartavya hai| maiM vyaktigata evam bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala parivAra kI ora se zrI nAhaTAjI ke amRta mahotsava para hArdika zubhakAmanA karatA hUM ki ve isI prakAra yugoM-yugoM taka sAhitya sevA karate rheN| -caMdanamala cA~da maMtrI, bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala, bambaI zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA sAhitya ke vAtAyana se mere paricaya meM Ae aura jIvana kA vaha kSaNa bar3e mUlya kA rahA hai jaba maiM Aja se lagabhaga paccIsa varSa pUrva AdaraNIya priya bhAI agaracanda jI nAhaTA ke pAsa bIkAnera apane eka zodhArthI ke sAtha hAjira huaa| muni zalajI bhI zrAvakI veza meM maujUda the| eka sAdhAraNa sAhityika goSThI kA bhI Ayojana huA thaa| taba kadAcita paricaya karAte hue mere sthAyI bhrama kA nivAraNa kiyA thA nAhaTA jI ne| vole Apa haiM zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA, mere bhatIje / lagabhaga samavayaska-se milate-julate vyaktitva ke sudhI sAhityika sAdhaka bhAI bhaMvaralAlajI ko sAkSAt dekhakara maiM daMga raha gayA / bhatIjA aura vaha bhI samavayaska / mere 28]

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Azcarya ko dekhakara cakSupAThI nAhaTA jI ne kahA maMdaralAlajI jisane mujhase Ayu meM choTe haiM utane hI jJAna aura sAhitya-sAdhanA meM vRddha hai| bAta Aja pramANita ho gaI hai| pichale dinoM isa mahArathI se merA patrAcAra huaa| pahalI bAra patrAcAra meM koI aupacArikatA nahIM / turanta uttara / ve zatAyu hoM aura sahasravarSIya Ayu jIveM sAhityAyu kI / Adhunika kAla ke dvivedI yugIna kaviyoM meM jisa prakAra zrI maithilI zaraNa gupta aura siyArAmazaraNa gupta, gulabandhu ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiM, usI prakAra prAcIna bhASA aura sAhitya ke anusaMdhAna anuzIlana meM bhI agaracanda nAhaTA evaM bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, nAhaTA bandhu ke rUpa meM jAne-pahacAne jAte haiN| ye pArivArika rizte kI dRSTi se kAkA bhatIje haiN| A0 agaracanda nAhaTA pArthiva rUpa se aba isa saMsAra meM nahIM haiM para prAcIna bhASA, sAhitya, itihAsa, kalA aura purAtattva ke kSetra meM zodha sarvekSaNa kI jo lau unhone prajjvalita kI, use unake bhatIje zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA 75 varSa kI avasthA meM bhI pUrI niSThA aura sajagatA ke sAtha amaMda kiye hue haiN| bIkAnera sthita zrI abhaya jaina granthAlaya prAcIna hastalikhita granthoM aura kalAtmaka namUnoM kI tIrtha bhUmi hai| ise nAhaTA bandhuoM ne apane tana, mana, dhana se samRddha kiyA hai| isI tIrtha-bhUmi meM Aja se lagabhaga 32-33 varSa pUrva merA nAhaTA baMdhuoM se paricaya aura saMparka huA thaa| taba se Aja taka kisI na kisI rUpa meM mere sAhityika saMbaMdha unase aura isa tIrtha bhUmi se bane hue haiN| -DA0 mahendrasAgara pracaMDiyA, alIgar3ha zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA buhumukhI pratibhA ke dhanI haiN| eka ora ApameM mAravAr3I seTha aura kuzala vyApArI kI prabaMdha saMcAlana kSamatA, prAmANikatA, lagana, vyAvahArikatA, parizramazIlatA hai to dUsarI ora eka siddhahasta anusaMdhAtA ko tathya bhedinI dRSTi aura sUkSma pakar3a hai / apane pahanAve, rahana-sahana, cAla-DhAla aura vANI vyavahAra meM Apa TheTha rAjasthAnI saMskRti ke pratIka haiM / kuzala vyApArI hone ke kAraNa Apa sukha-samRddhi rUpa lakSmI ke upAsaka to haiM hI / kalakattA ko kendra banAkara Apa apane vibhinna vyApArika pratiSThAnoM kA saMcAlana karate haiN| vyApArika prabaMdha kauzala aura saMgraha-saMcaya vRtti kA sadupayoga Apane jJAna svarUpA lakSmI ke sAtvika rUpa kI upAsanA meM bhI kiyaa| ApakA yaha abhinandana Apake isI upAsaka svarUpa kA abhinandana hai| nAhaTA jI bahuzruta aura bahubhASAvid haiN| saMskRta, prAkRta, pAlI, apabhraMza baMgalA, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI, hindI Adi bhASAoM para ApakA acchA adhikAra hai| bhASAzAstra ke sAtha-sAtha Apa lipi-vijJAnavettA bhI haiN| / prAcIna brAhmI aura kuTila lipi ke Apa vizeSa adhyetA aura artha vivecaka haiN| ApakA adhyayana vizAla aura gaMbhIra hai| prAcIna hastalikhita granthoM ke saMgraha, saMpAdana aura artha- vivecanA meM Apane jIvana kA adhikAMza samaya samarpita kiyA hai| Apake dvArA jaina sAhitya-kRtiyoM kA saMpAdana huA hai, viSaya va zailI kI dRSTi se ve vaividhyapUrNa haiM / dharma, darzana, itihAsa, sAhitya kAvya rUpa lokAcAra kI dRSTi se unakA vizeSa mahattva hai / Apake dvArA prakAza meM lAyI gayI kRtiyoM na kevala hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM navIna tathyoM kA udghATana karatI haiM varan sAhityika pravRttiyoM ko nayA mor3a bhI detI haiN| unake dvArA itihAsa, ghaTanAoM aura pAtroM para nayA prakAza par3A hai| [ 29

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nAhaTA jI kI rUci sAhitya aura itihAsa taka hI sImita nahIM hai / purAtattva. citrakalA aura sarjanAtmaka sAhitya meM bhI Apane gaharI rUci lI hai| jahA~ eka ora Apane hastalikhita granthoM ke mAdhyama se kaI aghate. ajJAta sandarbha sAhitya-saMsAra ke samakSa prastuta kiye haiM vahIM vismRti kI paratoM se jur3e aneka zilAlekhoM ko saMgrahita prakAzita kara bhAratIya saMskRti ke vividha pahaluoM ko udgaTita kiyA hai| citrakalA evaM kAvyakalA ke kSetra meM bhI ApakA mahatI yogadAna hai| ApakI kAvya-sRjana kA dharAtala mUlataH adhyAtma-pradhAna hai| usameM Atmadarzana evaM paramAtmA-darzana kI viziSTa ghaTA hai| rAjasthAnI bhASA meM likhI gaI ApakI kahAniyA~, rekhAMkita aura saMsmaraNa bar3e rocaka, preraNAdAyI aura mArmika bana par3e haiM / inameM gharelupana aura miThAsa ke sAtha vyApaka jIvana anubhava saMcita hai| vyApArika evaM sAhityika vyaktitva ke sAtha-sAtha ApakA sAmAjika evaM dhArmika vyaktitva bhI prabhAvapUrNa hai / Apa aneka dhArmika evaM sAmAjika saMsthAoM se sakriya rUpa se jur3e haiN| 'kuzala nirdeza' ke sampAdaka ke rUpa meM Apa sama-sAmayika, dhArmika evaM sAMskRtika cetanA ko prabuddha karane meM prabhAvakArI bhUmikA nibhA rahe haiN| samAja meM vyApta aMdhavizvAsoM aura rUr3hiyoM ke prati Apa kar3A prahAra karate haiM / ApakI vANo aura lekhanI meM oja aura teja hai| gata varSa janavarI 1984 meM jaina vidyAlaya, kalakattA, ke svarNa jayantI mahotsava para a0 mA0 jaina vidvat pariSada ke tattvAvadhAna meM Ayojita a0bhA0 jaina patrakAritA saMgoSThI meM Apane jaina patrakAritA aura patrakAroM kI bhUmikA aura dAyitva para jo samIkSAtmaka vicAra prakaTa kiye the. ve bar3e utpreraka the| unase unake jIvana ke khaTTe-mIThe anubhava pragaTa hue the| zrI nAhaTA jI ke hRdaya meM prAcIna sAhitya aura vizeSakara jaina sAhitya aura saMskRti kI amola virAsata ko sahI pariprekSya meM vizva ke sAmane prastuta karane kI agAdha niSThA aura tar3apa hai| pharavarI 1985 meM zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI va khaMbhAta tAlukA sArvajanika kelavagI maMDala ke tatvAvadhAna meM khaMbhAta meM Ayojita chaThe jaina sAhitya samAroha ke pramukha pada se bolate hue Apane sAhityakAroM evaM adhyetAoM ko ekajuTa hokara manoyogapUrvaka kArya karane kA jo AhvAna kiyA, vaha Apake satat sAdhanAzIla. jAgarUka, karmaTha jIvana kA udghoSa thaa| nAhaTA jI se mujhe kaI bAra milane kA avasara milaa| maiMne unheM sadaiva vinamra, sahaja aura vyasta pAyA / Apa yaza-lipsA, pUjA-pratiSThA aura mAna-sammAna se kosoM dUra haiM | 'naccA namaI mehAvI' arthAt medhAvI puruSa namra hotA hai| yaha ukti nAhaTA jI ke vyaktitva para caritArtha hotI hai| nAhaTA jI kI pratibhA nava-navonmeSazAlinI hai| zabda aura artha ke sambandhoM ko pakar3ane meM Apa siddhahasta haiM / prAcIna granthoM ke artha-vizleSaNa meM ApakI maulika medhA-zakti pragaTa huI hai| 75 varSa kI avasthA meM bhI Apa sAhitya-sAdhanA meM pUre joza-kharoza ke sAtha tallIna haiM / kisI taraha kA pramAda aura Alasa nahIM hai| 'nANI no pamAyae' AcArAMga kI yaha sUkti 'jJAnI kamI pramAda nahIM karatA nAhaTA jI para lAgU hotI hai / -DA0 narendra bhAnAvata maMtrI, akhila bhAratIya vidvat pariSada, jayapura

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bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA the paMDita saranAla thAM rai amarita barasa para sAdara karU praNAma, kavi, lekhaka, itihAsavid bahu bhASA ro jJAna, jina sAhita rA thAM jisyA viralA hI vidvAna, zodha-grantha keI likhyA likhyA kathA, AkhyAna, kalAvanta the pArakhI saMvedanamaya prANa, lipyAM purAtana the paDhI khulyA bheda ajJAta, sadA guNIjana bIca meM cAle thAM rI bAta. karU kAmanA nita bharo surasata ro bhaMDAra, saradhA rA au sabada do karo sahaja sviikaar| -kanhaiyAlAla seThiyA kalakattA bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA kA vicitra vyaktitva, kaise hama varNana kareM, sAhityika kRtitva / sAhityika kRtitva, citra-kavitA va kahAnI. vaijJAnika, prAcIna zilA - lekhoM ke jnyaanii| kaha~ kAkA, dina-dUnI pratibhA bar3he tumhArI, hoM zatAyu, svIkAro zubhakAmanA hmaarii| -kAkA hAtharasI hAtharasa, u0pra0 bIkAnera suhAvaNo. mArU dhara siNagAra / sampata sAthai surasatI. vilasai moda apAra // 1 // bar3A-bar3A gyAnI guNI, kavijana saMdhI aneka / pUrAtaNa rA sevarA. pAlI niramala Teka // 2 // agaracanda saMcita karayo, vidyA * dhana aNapAra / bAMTayo cita rai cAvasU, donUM hAtha udAra ||3|| iNa hI mAraga ro pathika, bhaMvaralAla dina-rAta / karaco nAhaTA nAMva nai, bhArata meM vikhyAta / / 4 / / janai juga ro cyAnaNo. paragaTa karaco prviinn| dIpAyo nija desa ne, le surasata rI vINa ||5|| maruvANI sAhitya rI, sevA karI anuup| sodhyA ratana aneka vidha, jana * hita sAra sarUpa / / 6 / / kalA - pArakhI, guNa - rasika, mAyA * mada saM dUra / bhaMvaralAla thira jasa liyo, bhagatI rasa bharapUra // 7 // -manohara zarmA bIkAnera [ 31

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bhaMvaralAla jI kA abhinandana, zatazaH bAra praNAma hai| jaina-jagata kI avirala sevA, jo karate niSkAma haiM / bharata-bhUmi kI apratima pratimA. prajJA puruSa prakarSa se| yaha abhinandana grantha samarpita, pulaka uThe hama harSa se| yuga kI amara vibhUti "nAhaTA', sarasvata zRgAra haiN| pacahattaravA~ varSa varada ho. khuziyA~ aparaMpAra hai / / vartamAna Alokita unase, banA deza abhirAma hai| bhaMvaralAla jI kA abhinandana. zatazaH bAra praNAma hai / / he yuga ke itihAsa | amara ho. yahI kAmanA hai merii| paMDita nahIM. mahApaMDita ho. dhanya huI jananI terI / / saMskRta - prAkRta - avahaTTI, gujarAtI - baMgAlI - apabhraMza / pAlI- rAjasthAnI - hindI, Adi Apake pratibhA-aMza / bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, usI prajJA - pratibhA kA nAma hai| jaina jagata kI avirala sevA, jo karate niSkAma haiM / / purAtatva ke pramukha pArakhI. mUrtikalA anupama marmajJa / vAstu-citra au lalitakalAoM ke vidvAna, zreSTha dharmajJa / / agragaNya anusaMdhAnoM meM, bhASA * zAstra saMvAre haiN| jJAnodadhi kI bhaMvara' bhaMvara jI. pratipala pUjya hamAre haiN| mAtRbhUmi kI goda dhanya hai. dhanya dharA yaha dhAma hai| bhaMvaralAla jI kA abhinandana, zatazaH bAra praNAma hai| adhyavasAya-manana-ciMtana meM, avirala jinakI niSThA hai| ajara-amara itihAsa puruSa jo, pratipala pracura pratiSThA hai / / citrAMkana meM catura-cArutA, Azu kavi kI uttamatA / zodha lekha meM adhika lokapriya, nahIM vidvatA meM samatA / / gaharI paiTha, dharma-darzana meM, lekhana ATho yAma hai| bhaMvaralAla jI kA abhinandana, zatazaH bAra praNAma hai| yaha abhinandana samAroha, do akTUbara ko Ayojita / jaina samAja, zahara kalakattA, se isa dina paMDita pUjita / / grantha bheMTa zubha janma divasa para, hoM zatAyu nAhaTA mahAna / hai kRtitva-vyaktitva anUThA, aMtasa mana karatA guNagAna / / do akTUbara isa duniyA~ meM, amara alaukika nAma hai| bhaMvaralAla jI kA abhinandana, zatazaH bAra praNAma hai| -DA0 zobhAnAtha pAThaka, bhopAla, madhya pradeza 32]

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Aja se cAlIsa varSa pUrva maiMne lachuAr3a jaina maMdira meM eka lambe kadavAle vyakti ko dekhA jisake bharA ora svastha cehare para zAMti virAja rahI thI aura jo cintana-manana kI mudrA meM maMdira ke pIche bhAga ke cabUtare para baiThA thaa| merA dhyAna AkRSTa huaa| phira kyA thA ? maiMne usase bAteM zurU kii| mAlUma huA ki yahI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA haiN| janmasthAna ke saMbaMdha meM kAphI dera taka unase bAteM hotI rhii| sikandarA ke irda-girda prAcIna sthAnoM ko dekhane ke liye maiMne inheM AmaMtrita kiyaa| dUsare dina nizcita samaya para pUre parivAra ke sAtha apanI choTI havAgAr3I se mere nivAsasthAna sikandarA para ve pahuMca gaye / inake sAtha inake anuja harakhacaMda jI bhI the| usI dina maiM saboM ko lekara kumAra gAMva cala pdd'aa| usI gAMva ke eka kisAna zrI vizezvara siMha ko lekara vahA~ ke purAtatva avazeSoM ko dekhane ke liye hamalogoM ne gAMva kI parikramA kii| vahAM ke khaNDaharoM-avazeSoM ko dekhakara nAhaTA jI vismita ho gye| unhoMne mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi saMbaMdhI sAkSya juTAne aura isa saMbaMdha meM zodha kArya karane kI preraNA dii| nAhaTA jI ke rUpa meM maiMne prathama jaina vidvAna kA darzana kiyA jinhoMne mujhe isa kAma meM lage rahane ke liye protsAhita kiyaa| tabhI se maiM isa kArya meM lagA huA huuN| maiMne mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi saMbaMdhI bahuta sAre sAkSya juTAye haiN| mujhe Azcarya hai ki Ajataka inakI janmabhUmi vivAdAspada banI huI hai jabaki sAre sAkSya kSatriyakuNDa ke pakSa meM hI Thaharate haiN| AdaraNIya nAhaTA jI inhIM sthAnoM ko mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kI mAnyatA dilAne ke liye sajaga aura prayatnazIla haiN| inake sAre pramANa mere pAsa maujUda haiN| kalakatte meM jaba bhI nAhaTA jI se sAkSAt hotA. inakA pahalA prazna hotA kyA likha rahe haiM? Aja se 40 varSa parva inhoMne majhe apane choTe bhAI kI taraha jo pyAra diyA thA, Aja vaha mere pUre parivAra kA pyAra aura sneha bana gayA hai| kalakattA jAne para bar3e bhAI AdaraNIya bhaMvaralAla jI se mile binA meM lauTatA nahIM hai| maiM jo kucha likha rahA hU~ vaha inhIM kI preraNA kA zreya hai : bhAI sAhaba eka vyakti nahIM. varan eka saMsthA haiM-eka vizAla pustakAlaya, jisameM jJAna kA asIma bhaNDAra bharA par3A hai| ye eka hI sAtha itihAsakAra, sAhityakAra evaM zodhakartA haiN| inakA prazasti-gAna mujha jaise alpajJa se saMbhava nhiiN| maiM bar3A gauravazAlI aura bhAgyazAlI haiM jo maiM inake sAnnidhya aura samparka meM haiN| -DaoN0 bhagavAnadAsa kesarI. sikandarA, muMgera san 1976 meM merI pustaka "bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna : kSatriyakuMDagrAma, jamuI" ke prakAzana ke pazcAt bar3e AhlAda se bharakara, badhAI aura AzIrvAda kA saMdeza bhejakara hindI sAhitya ke avismaraNIya anusaMdhAyaka praNamya vidvAna, paMDita agaracanda nAhaTA jI ne mujhe paMDita bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA jI se saMparka sthApita karane kA snehasikta Adeza diyaa| unakI yaha prabala AkAMkSA thI ki merI isa pustaka ko samIkSA ma~varalAla jI kI patrikA "kuzala nirdeza" meM avazya prakAzita honI caahie| AdezAnusAra maiMne inheM apanI vaha pustaka samIkSArtha bheja dii| "kuzala-nirdeza" (pharavarI 1981 ) meM bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ne usakI vizada, suvicArita samIkSA to kI hI apane bahukoNika sujhAvoM se bhI merI zodha-sAdhanA ko eka nayA Aloka diyA / yaha merA saubhAgya thA tathA mana hI mana maiM apano

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isa sArasvata sAdhanA kI siddhi para isalie bhI prasanna thA ki jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa ke adhikArI vidvAna bhaMvaralAla jI kA AzIrvAda prApta ho gayA thaa| phira to patra-samparka bar3hate hI gae aura maiM unakA sneha bhAjana banatA gyaa| unake zIghra pratyakSa darzana kI AkAMkSA balavatI ho gii| bhagavAna mahAvIra deva merI isa prArthanA ko suna rahe the| merI ukta pustaka ke prakAzana ne itihAsa ke vidvAnoM ko eka bAra phira se mahAvIra ke janma sthAna kI vAstavika pahacAna ke sandarbha meM socane-vicArane ko majabUra kara diyA / vaizAlI ke pakSadharoM ke liye sacamuca eka praznavAcaka cinha bana gayA / pakSa aura vipakSa ke vivAda se maiM AvRtta ho gyaa| maiM cAhane lagA ki isa vivAda ko samApta karane ke liye deza ke samI vidvAnoM ko eka maMca para lAyA jAnA cAhie / bhagavAna kI asIma anukampA se merI yaha icchA bhI pUrI ho gaI / mujhe paramapUjya aMcalagacchAdhipati yugaprabhAvaka AcArya bhagavanta zrI guNasAgara sUrIzvara jI mahArAja sAhaba evaM vidvadvara gaNivarya pUjya zrI kalAprabhasAgara jI mahArAja kI azeSa kRpA prApta ho gaI aura unakI asIma anukampA se maiM madhuvana (giriDIha) meM "akhila bhAratIya itihAsa vidvat sammelana" kA Ayojana sampanna kara skaa| deza ke kone-kone se vidvAna, itihAsakAra evaM AcAryoM ne padhAra kara mahAvIra ke janma-sthAna ke sambandha meM merI zodhapUrNa sthApanA para adhivezana ke aneka satroM meM vicAra-vimarza kiyA / niSkarNataH unhoMne isa para prAmANikatA kI muhara lagAyI tathA sahamati ke hastAkSara bhI diye / yaha sammelana san 1984 ke navambara mAha meM 24. 25 aura 26 tArIkha ko, tIna dinoM taka calAyA gyaa| yahIM pahalI bAra mujhe paMDita zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA ke puNya darzana hue the| merA saubhAgya hai ki mere isa itihAsa sammelana ke prathama satra kI adhyakSatA bhI unhoMne hI kI thI, aura unake hI zrI caraNoM meM baiThakara maiMne svAgatAdhyakSa kI haisiyata se apanA likhita zodhapUrNa svAgata bhASaNa kA pATha kiyA thA / paMDita bhaMvaralAla jI kalakatta se calakara madhuvana padhAre the| usa samaya maiM kisI kAryavaza kacchI bhavana se bAhara thA / Ate hI unhoMne merI talAza kii| hama donoM eka-dUsare ke liye pratyakSataH aparicita the| sUcanA milate hI maiM bhAgatA huA ke kamare meM dAkhila huaa| mujhe pahacAnane meM koI kaThinAI nahIM huI. kyoMki varSoM pUrva paMDita zro agacanda nAhaTA jI ko dekhane aura unake pAsa baiThakara ghaMToM bAteM karane kA avasara prApta kara cukA thaa| unake vyaktitva kI chAyA ne mujhe bhaMvaralAla jI ko pahacAnane meM sahAyatA dii| inheM dekhate hI maiM abhibhUta ho gayA / gAMdhAra zailI kI kisI suDaula bhavya mUrti kI taraha AkarSaka itihAsa puruSa, saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI. rAjasthAnI Adi bhASAoM ke marmajJa. itihAsa aura purAtattva ke adhikArI, pragamya paMDita kI AbhA se dedIpyamAna vizAla vyaktitva. jinakI A~khoM se sneha kI zItala jyoti nikala rahI thI. ghanI mUMchoM se jhA~kate adharoM meM eka amanda muskAna tera rahI thI, jisake bhavya lalATa para jJAna kI paMktiyAM rekhAeM banakara ubhara rahI thIM, cauthe vaya meM bho jinakI AvAja meM paMcama sura kA ninAda thA, tana se vizAla aura jJAna se gahare, aise prajJA-puruSa paMDita zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA ko dekhakara mujhe turaMta hI yaha lagA ki maiM sacamuca sarasvatI ke kisI praNamya varadgapUta ke sAmane eka baunA kI taraha khar3A huuN| merA mana bAra-bAra unheM praNAma kara rahA thA aura mere zabda unheM utane hI vAra praNAma nivedita kara rahe the| mere usa bhASaNa ke bAda unhoMne adhyakSa-pada se bar3A gambhIra bhASaNa diyA thA / unakI AvAja meM eka khanaka thI aura vicAroM meM vidvatA ke sAgara kI gaharAI thii| unhoMne mahAvIra ke janma sthAna se sambandhita merI zodha-sAdhanA aura bhASaNa kI bhUrizaH prazaMsA kii| 34]

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pratibhA ke dhanI paMDita jI kisI vidyAlaya yA vizvavidyAlaya kI zaikSaNika upAdhiyoM se alaMkRta bhale na hoM paraMtu vizvavidyAlaya ke paMDitoM ke liye adhikArI vidvAna avazya haiN| tatra bhavAn AcAryoM kI zreNI meM pAMkteya madaralAlajI ke vilakSaNa bhASAjJAna, lipijJAna, purAvazeSa kI pahacAna kA jJAna kA prAtima vaiduSya, tato'dhika prazaMsAha hai| jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa ke sandarbha meM to unake pratyeka zabda prAmANika saMdarbha siddha hote haiM / vidvAna aura devatA kisI jAti-dharma sampradAya kI sImAoM meM nahIM baMdhate / paMDita zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA na kevala jaina samAja ke balki sampUrNa itihAsa aura sAhitya jagata ke adhyetAoM ke namasya vidvAna haiM / sArasvata kSitija ke ina jyotipuMja pragamya puruSa ko, unakI 75vIM janmatithi para merA koTizaH praNAma nivedita hai| --DA0 zyAmAnanda prasAda rIDara, ke0 ke0 ema0 kAleja, jamuI, bihAra pU0 zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA jo sAthe no mAro paricaya lagabhaga paMdareka varSa thI cha / parantu challA be-traNa varSa thI temanI sAthe vadhu nikaTa nA paricaya mAM AvavAnuM sadbhAgya sAMpaDya ch| madhyakAlIna jaina sAhitya nA saMzodhana-saMpAdana nI pravRttinA kAraNe lagabhaga traNa dAyakA thI huM sva0 agaracaMdajI nAhaTA nA satata saMparka mAM hato / pU0 agaracanda jI nAhaTA e nyAre potAnA bhatijA zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA no parokSa paricaya kara velo / zrI agaracandajI nAhaTAe to potArnu samaga jIvana jaina sAhitya samarpita karI dIdhuM hatuM-divasa rAta teo lekhana saMzodhana nI pravRtti mAM rokAyelA rahetA, parantu zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA to vyavasA mAM paNa samaya ApatA ane lekhana vAMcana mAM paNa samaya ApatA rahyA cha / keTalAka varSa pahelA "mRgAvatI caritra caupAI" nA saMpAdana aMge zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA muMbaImAM amArA ghare malavA / padhAryA tya re temanI vidvatA thI hu bahu prabhAvita thayo hato, rAjasthAnI paheraveza ane mAthe bIkAnerI kesarI sApho dhAraNa karyo hoya avI vyakti ne rastA mAM cAlI jatI joI ne koI ne khyAla na Ave ke emanI vidvatA keTalI ho| zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA nA saMparka mAM jema jema avavAnuM thayu tema tema emanI vidvat pratibhA no vizeSa paricaya thato gayo / jaina sAhitya nI saiMkar3o paMktiyoM emane kaMThastha che| valI granthoM mAM nA sandarbho nI tathA aitihAsika bAbato nI sarasa jAnakArI teo dharAve che| saMskRta, prAkRta ane jUnI rAjasthAnI bhASA na teo sArA marmajJa ch| aneka pAribhASika zabdonA artha teo jAge che / temanI vicAra dhArA puranta, pramANayukta ane spaSTa ch| stavanoM ane sajjhAyo ne bulaMda kaMThe gavAnI temanI ruci ane zakti paNa mugdha kare tevI che| valI temanA hastAkSara paNa sarasa, suvAcya ane maror3adAra che / hastaprata uparathI teo motI nA dANA jevA akSare nakala utAre, parantu seMkar3o paMktio mAM eka akSara nI paNa cheka chAla jIvA na mle| prathama dRSTie ja prasanna dhavAya evaM emarnu lakhANa hoya ch| madhyakAlIna jaina sAhitya mATe sva0 agaracaMda jI nAhaTA na avasAna pachI mAre jo koI pUdhavA yogya mukhya vyakti hoya te te zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA ch| emanI sAthe be eka kRtiornu saha-saMpAdana paNa meM karyu che / ATalI badhI vidvattA ane ubhare mArA pitA tulya evA zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA jyAre male tyAre eka mitra ane mArga darzaka jevA laage| emanI upasthiti mAM hamezA prasannatA, pavitratA ane prerakatA anubhavAya / paheraveza ane prakRti bane mAM [ 35

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taio sAdA sarala ane nirAbhimAnI koI vastu ke mata nA AgrahI nahi sadA svastha ane udAracitta janAya / / / koI nI bhUla hoya to te sUrata jatI karI de| koI paNa prakAra no pUrvAgraha rAkhe nahi aupacArikatA nA paNa AgrahI nahiM amanI hAjarI mAM satata vAtsalya anubhavAya khaMbhAta mukAme chaTTo jaina sAhitya samAroha yojAyo tyAre pramukha tarIke zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA padhAya hatA / e vakhate ematA satata sAnnidhyamAM rahevAnuM sadbhAgya sAMpaDya hatuM / te pahelAM zikharajI mAM kSatriyakuMDa viSe yojAelI vidvat paripada mAM paga tenano sAthai rahenuM vanyuM hatuM A ne prasaMge moTA mANaso paNa keTalA sAdA ane sarala hoya / che tano pratyakSa svAnubhava zrI nAhaTAjI nI bAbata mAMthagho hato / emanI laghu padya racanAoM dharmaM marma yukta ane tatva jJAna thI zrI bha~varalAla nAhaTA acchA kavipaNa che garbhita hoya che / zrI bha~varalAla nAhaTA 75 varga praveza kare che| e ApaNA saunA mATe AnaMda ane gaurava no prasaMga che e prasaMge hUM amanuM abhivAdana karU chaM ane teo zatAyu thAya tathA jaina zAstra nI ujjvala sevA kare ovI antara no abhilASA vyakta karU chu / -DaoN0 ramaNalAla cI0 zAha adhyakSa, gujarAtI vibhAga, bambaI vizvavidyAlaya eka samasvabhAvI sahadharmI ke nAte, eka gugajJa vidvat puruSa ke nAte evaM sabase adhika eka parama AtmIya 'guru baMdhu ke nAte zrIyut bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA se hamArA aMtaraMga sambandha kaI varSoM se rahA hai. unake divaMgata vidvatvarya cAcA sva0 agaracandajI ke hI samAna stara para hamArA parama pAvana samparka- AdhAra rahA hai sadguru deva zrI yogIndra yuga-pradhAna zrI sahajAnandaghanajI kA jIvana aura sAhitya | vaise to samagra nAhaTA parivAra kI hamAre paramopakAraka gurudeva ke prati ananya niSThA aura samarpaNa yukta bhaktibhAvanA rahI hai, parantu apanI anya vyAvasAyika se isa vidvat-dvaya zrI bhaMvaralAlajI evaM svargIya anumodanIya evaM parama upAdeya hai / ina zrI sahajAnandaghanajI ke sAhitya ke liye bhI hai| dIrghakAla se jo dhanya sadguru paricaya pAyA hai, rUpa se saphala rahe haiN| kyA 'kuzala nirdeza' gurubhakti-lasita lekhanI ne eka gupta rahe hue sAhityika evaM jaina dArzanika dhArmika pravRttiyoM ke madhya se bhI dhruvarUpa agaracandajI kI jo gurubhakti kI dhArA bahatI rahI hai vaha virala, donoM kA pradAna jitanA jaina sAhitya ko hai utanA hI gurudeva satsaMga evaM pratyakSa nizrA sevA bhakti ke dvArA zrI bhaMvaralAla jI ne use aneka rUpoM meM bRhat jagata taka pahu~cAne meM ve bar3e sArthaka kyA 'sahajAnanda sudhA' kyA 'jIvanI' aneka rUpoM meM zrI bhaMvaralAlajI ko yuga-puruSa ko satyazodhaka janoM ke mAnasa paTala para khar3A kara diyA hai| * Aja kA jagata evaM vartamAna kAla kitanA vikSubdha, vicchinna, vizRMkhalita evaM azAMta hai| kSubdhatA chinna-bhinnatA evaM azAMti ke bIca vAstavika zAnti aura samAdhi kA antapaMtha yuga puruSa jI kI, samarpita zizubhAva se aMguli pakar3akara svAnubhUti dvArA yogIndra yuga-pradhAna gurudeva zrI sahajAnandaghanajIne dRr3ha 35 ] yuga kI isa zrImada rAjacandra

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rUpa se pratipAdita kiyaa| isa paMcatakAla kI yaha koI choTI upalabdhi yA choTI ghaTanA nahIM hai| yaha eka durlabha ghaTanA hai ki zrImadrajI evaM sahajAnandaghanajI jaise do-do mahApuruSa isa kAla meM pratyakSa nikaTa rUpa se utpanna hue / kalikAla sarvajJa zrI hemacandrAcArya yuga-pradhAna dAdA zrI jinadattasUrIzvarajI evaM mahAyogI zrI AnandaghanajI ko hI mAnoM antacetanA dhAraNa kara aIdharma kI vItarAgamArga ko unhoMne apane parizuddha mUla rUpa meM jo pratipAdita aura paridarzita kiyA use zAMtikAmI jaina jagat evaM bRhat jagat ke samakSa lAne meM sva0 agaracandajI evaM zrI bhaMvaralAla jI kA yogadAna kama nahIM hai| saMskRta, prAkRta. hindI sabhI adhikArapUrNa bhASAoM meM zrI bhavaralAlajI ne to apanI kalama kI dhArA muktarUpa se bahAyI hai| ina sabhI bhASAoM meM unakI gurubhakti bharI lekhanI mAdhurya evaM AlhAda se pUrNa hai| saMskRta meM dRSTavya hai unake dvArA racita "zrI sahajAnandaghana gurudevASTakam" kA yaha prathama caraNa bhadraH sadguruvarya pUjya sahajAnandaH sadA rAjata / AtmajJo nikhilArthabodha nipuNaH kAruNyattimahAn // devaiH pUjita pAdapadma vimalazcandrAdibhiH srvshoN| vande'haM vinayene taM guruvara zrI bhAvitIrthaGkaram // -sahajAnanda sudhA, pRSTha 20 saMskRta se bhI adhika unakI lekhanI kA prAMjala puruSArtha unakI prAkRta racanA meM dikhAI detA hai| vahI gurubhakti. vahI guruguNagAna, para bar3I virala hai unakI yaha abhivyakti ajjhatta tatassa supAragAmI egAvayArI pUIya suriMdo / muNIMda mauDo sujugappahANo guruvaro sahajANaMda NAmoM ||1|| nivvANapatto susamAhijutto kattIya dhavale bIyA nihIe / nicchatta jAo iya bharahakhitto dhammassaego sAyAra rUpo // 2 // kheyeNa khinno amumukkhu saMgho jAo nirAlaMba samagga loo| videha vittaTThiya te mahappA bhattANa dehi nivvui susattI // 3 / / vahI, pRSTha 29 aura hindI meM to unakI lekhanI kI yaha gurubhakti zAsana kA dhanyabhAgya darzita karane ke sAtha-sAtha guru. viraha kI antarvedanA bhI sakSama rUpa se pratipAdita karatI hai - hampI ke yogI / kahA~ tuma gaye ho ? AtmA kA darzana karAte karAte / / kriyA jar3a banA jo tIrthapa kA zAsana / mArga se kozoM bhaTaka ke vipathaga //

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unheM rAha samyaka dikhAne ke hetu | hue avatIrNa haiM yuga ke pravartaka / / karI dIrgha sAdhanA giri kandarA meN| AtmA kI jyoti jagAte-jagAte ||1|| na socA thA itanI jaldI karoge mahAvideha jAne kI taiyArI, paMcamakAla ke hama haiM abhAge, pAyA na tumako he Atma-vihArI, samatA se kaSTa sahe AtmAnaMdI, videhI guNoM meM samAte-samAte / / 5 / / -vahI, pRSTha 23 ina paMktiyoM ko par3hakara pratIta hotA hai ki zrI bhaMvaralAlajI kI lekhanI gurubhakti se kitanI otaprota hai evaM guru viraha se kitano vyaakul| ora saca hI unakI isa lekhanI ko aura jaina darzana kI bhI lekhana-pravRtti meM, utanA 'svAntaH sukha' zAyada hI milegA jitanA gurubhaktipUrNa Alekhana meM / antatogatvA gurumahimAgAna meM, vaha bhI eka ananya anubhUta puruSa ke, jaina darzana aura zAsana kI sevA bhI A hI jAtI hai| unakI antarmukhakAmI lekhanI se aba yaha apekSA kI jAe ki unake isa jIvana ke uttarArddha kA zeSa sArA samaya aise virala sadguru kI gupta mahimA ke prAkaTya meM hI lage to vaha anucita nahIM hogii| aise ananya gurubhakta se aura AzA bhI kyA ho sakatI hai| sarva parama zaktiyA~ zrI bhavaralAlajI kI lekhanI ko aisI zakti pradAna kare ki vaha eka advitIya evaM ciraMtana gurugAthA isa azAMta aura AtmabhrAnta jagata para chor3a jAya / -pro0 pratApakumAra ToliyA vardhamAna bhAratI, baMgalora zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ne dharma aura bhASA Adi ke liye jo kArya kiyA hai vaha abhinaMdana ke yogya hai| -bhaMvaramalasiMdhI. kalakattA ajJAta granthoM kI khoja karane vAle samAja-sevI ke abhinandana meM merA sahayoga avazya hI rhegaa| aise vidAna ko meM AzIrvAda kaise dU, maiM apanI zubhakAmanAe bheja rahA hU~ ki Izvara unheM dIrghAyu kareM. pUrNa svastha rakheM tAki sabhI logoM ko unase preraNA prApta hotI rhe| -prabhudayAla himmatasiMhakA, kalakattA zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ne samAja-sevA, sAhitya-sarjana, dhArmika va AdhyAtmika kSetra meM sarAhanIya evaM preraNAdAyI kArya kiyA hai| zrI nAhaTA ke lekhana meM bhAratIya saMskRti evaM jaina darzana kA vizleSaNa (digdarzana ) eka naI zailI se kiyA gayA hai. jo anUThA evaM anupama hai / -pro0 bulAkI dAsa kallA. jayapura 3]

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zrI nAhaTAjI ke bAre meM mere liye kucha kahanA bahuta kaThina hai kyoMki itane vizAla vyaktitva ke sAmane hamalogoM kA vyaktitva unake AzIrvAda meM hI hai / unake 75 janma-divasa ke avasara para maiM unakI dIrghAyu, prasannacitta sukhI jIvana evaM saMcita zakti ke liye bhagavAna se prArthanA karatA hU~ evaM unake caraNa meM apanI zubhakAmanAeM preSita karatA hU~ / unakA AzIrvAda hama sabake samAja para jitanA adhika banA rahegA utanA hI adhika hameM mArgadarzana prApta hotA rhegaa| - AnaMdakumAra agravAla upa-nidezaka, rAjasthAna sarakAra sUcanA keMdra, kalakattA zrI nAhaTAjI ne jaina sAhitya ke lie bahuta sevA kI hai| zrI nAhaTA jI ko bahuta-bahuta bdhaaii| -mohanacaMda DhaDhA adhyakSa, akhila bhAratIya zrI jaina zvetAmbara kharataragaccha mahAsaMgha, madrAsa rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya ko jina sAdhakoM ne unnati ke zikhara para AsIna kiyA hai unameM bIkAnera kA nAhaTA parivAra paktiya hai| puNyazloka sva0 agaracaMda nAhaTA kI sAhitya sevA ke sAtha bhaMvaralAla jI kI sAhitya sevA cirastaraNIya hai| yaha saubhAgya kI bAta hai ki isa parivAra para lakSmI aura sarasvatI kI samAna kRpA rahI hai| sva0 agaracaMdajI kI sAhitya sAdhanA se saba paricita haiN| bhArata kI aisI koI patrikA nahIM hai jo unakI sAhityasarjanA se dhanya na huI ho kiMtu bhaMvaralAla jI bhI unase pIche nahIM rhe| Apa jisa kulaparamparA meM avatarita hue usameM AcaraNa kI pavitratA, bhagavAna mahAvIra kI zikSAoM kA pAlana, zAstra vyasana aura karmaThatA sadA se zlAghya rahI hai| Apake pUrvajoM ke AvAsa ko 'zucInAM zrImatAM gRheM' kI vimala saMjJA se vibhUSita kiyA jA sakatA hai| sva0 agaracaMda nAhaTA kI taraha zrI bhaMvaralAla jI kI skUlI zikSA mAtra kakSA 5 taka huI thii| kiMtu apane svAdhyAya jala se nirantara sIMcakara Apane apane jJAna kI paridhi khUba vistRta kara lI hai| dharma, sAdhanA, sAhitya, kalA, bhASA evaM purAlipiyoM meM ApakI vizeSa ruci hai / purAtatva evaM citrakalA ke Apa vizeSa vidvAna haiN| prAcIna evaM dezI bhASAoM meM Apa vizeSa niSNAta haiN| Apake vidyAvyasana se prasanna hokara purAtatva vettA muni jinavijayajI ne Apako AzIrvAda diyA thA aura muni kAntisAgara jI Apase sadA sneha karate rhe| mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, prAcyavidyAvidva mahAmati zrI sunItikumAra caTarjI, DaoN0 sukumAra sena, bhASAzAstrI DaoN0 gaurI zaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA, DaoN0 motIcaMda tathA DaoN0 bAsudeva zaraNa agravAla kA Apako nirantara sAhacarya milatA rhaa| ApakI racanAoM kI bhUmikA, unakA sampAdana tathA unameM pratipAdita vicAroM ko dekhakara ApakI vidvattA aura vicAra vizleSaNa kSamatA ke prati sahaja hI Azcarya hotA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki kAvya-mImAMsAkAra kI yaha ukti sArthaka hai ki prAktanAdyana saMskAra paripAkapraur3hA pratibhA hI RtambharA prajJA hotI hai jise kisI bAhya upAdhiyoM yA pramANa patroM kI apekSA nahIM hotii| aisA vyaktitva sadA akSaya srota se apanA pAtheya juTAtA hai| zAyada vidvAnoM ko merA yaha kathana atizayokti lage ki zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA jaise vizruta manISiyoM ke rUpa meM Aja bhI prAcIna RSiyoM yA gRhastha yogiyoM kI paramparA jIvita hai| -DaoN0 rAmazaMkara dvivedI DI0 vI0 kaoNleja, uraI [ as

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zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA kA vyaktitva apane Apa meM anUThA hai| ve jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa ke marmajJa vidvAn haiN| itihAsa-khojabIna ke lie unakI pratibhA kA camatkAra hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| asahaja gutthiyoM ko bhI ve saralatA se prAmANika AdhAra para sulajhA lete haiN| yaha bhI unakI vizeSatA hai ki kaisI bhI dularbha pAMDulipi ho use par3hane va samajhane ke lie rAta-dina eka kara dete haiN| aura jaba taka sahI niSkarSa para nahIM pahuMca jAte vizrAma nahIM lete| ve bahuta hI milanasAra tathA sahRdaya vyakti haiN| jaba bhI maiMne unheM kisI viSaya para lekha ke lie patra likhA unhoMne tatkAla usakI pUtti kii| unakI lekhanI sadaiva cintanazIla rahatI hai aura unakA jJAna agAdha hai| ve janmanA vyavasAyI hote hue bhI jena sAhitya va itihAsa kA kitanA bar3A kArya kara lete haiM-yaha kama Azcarya kI bAta nhiiN| unake abhinandana ke avasara para maiM kAmanA karatA hU~ ki ve zatAyu hoM aura isI taraha sAhitya va samAja kI sevA karate rheN| -bAbUlAla jaina, vArANasI koI bhI deza apanI bhautika upalabdhiyoM se nahIM. apane mahAna puruSoM ke kRtitva se jIvita rahatA hai| mere hRdaya meM aise hI mahAna puruSa kI bhAvanA rAjasthAna ke bIkAnera nivAsI nAhaTA bandhuoM sva0 agaracanda evaM zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ke prati prasphuTita hotI hai / jJAnAloka zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA kA sammAna vastutaH jJAna-sAdhanA kA sammAna hai| jisa prakAra phUloM kI sugandha chipa nahIM sakatI. usI prakAra bhaMvaralAla jA kI bho pratibhA chipI nahIM rhii| eka Adarza gRhastha kA jIvana yApana karate hue bhI apane cAcA sva0 agaracanda jI nAhaTA ke AzISa prakAza meM unakI pratibhA vikasita hotI rhii| zrIbhaMvaralAla jI ke vyaktitva kI bhavyatA zabdoM kI paridhi meM nahIM bA~dho jA sktii| inake vyaktitva ke saundarya kI ghoSaNA to niHzabdatA hI kara sakatI hai| inake jIvana ke vyaktigata, sAmAjika, sAhityika va AdhyAtmika sabhI pakSoM meM adbhuta sAmaMjasya hai| ye nitAnta antaramukhI haiM phira bhI inakA sahayoga sAmAjika jIvana meM parivyApta hai| inake jIvana kA pratyeka pahalU preraNAprada hai| saubhAgyazAlI nAhaTA jI abhAvoM kI duniyA se dUra rahe haiN| lakSmI aura sarasvatI donoM mahAzaktiyoM kI ina para sahaja kRpA hai| isIlie inakI kriyAzIlatA ko saMpIr3ana ke kAle megha AcchAdita nahIM kara sake astu sUrya ke samAna inakI pratibhA aura jJAna-rUpI razmiyA~ prakIrNita hotI rhiiN| kakSA pA~ca taka par3he isa manISI ne saMsAra kI samasta zikSaNa-saMsthAoM kI sArthakatA ko cunautI dI hai| inakA lipijJAna dhanya hai jisane purAtatva anusaMdhAna ke aneka AyAmoM ko pretsAhana diyA / brAhmI, kuTila, gupta Adi bhAratIya lipiyoM kI vaijJAnika vyAkhyA kara inhoMne aneka kliSTa prAcIna zilAlekhoM ko sahaja aura bodhagamya banAyA | prakAra bhAratIya itihAsAkAza ke eka jhilamilAte hae nakSatra haiM zrI bhaMvaralAlajI naahttaa| unakI statya racanAoM ke kAraNa bhAratIya itihAsa sadaiva inakA RNI rhegaa| lipijJAna ke sAtha hI ApakA bhASAjJAna bhI asIma aura adbhuta hai| ye prAyaH samasta bhAratIya bhASAoM ke jJAtA haiN| saMskRta, prAkRta, pAlI. apabhraza, avahaTTI, baMgAlI, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI tathA hindI ke to ye paMDita haiM hI sAtha hI ucca-koTi ke kalA-marmajJa bhI haiN| inakI saMvedanazIlatA kalA kI vibhinna 80.]

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vidhAoM meM mukharita huI hai| mUrtikalA, citrakalA, vAstukalA evaM lalitakalA meM inako vizeSa ruci hai| vastutaH jJAna ko dizA meM bhaMvaralAlajI kA hara prayAsa mahAna hai| inhoMne apano sAhityika kRtiyoM, lekhoM, nibandhoM aura purAtAtvika gatividhiyoM dvArA vicAroM ko vyavasthA, itihAsa ko dizA evaM lipi ko nava natA dii| - bhaMvaralAlajI jaina-dharma ke anuyAyI haiM / bhAgyavaza inheM muni jinavijaya, muni kAntisAgara, kRpAcandrasUri aura sukhasAgarajI jaise mahAna jaina AcAryoM kA sAmIpya prApta huA / nAhaTA jI jaisI dhArmika pratibhA ke liye yaha eka IzvarIya varadAna ke samAna hai| phalataH inake hRdaya meM dharma-jyoti ke aMkura phUre aura inhoMne apane vyaktitva aura kRtitva meM jaina dharma ko sAkAra kiyaa| sadguru zrI sahajAnanda jI ke prati inakI agAdha bhakti hai / isa prakAra inake vyaktitva ko jJAna ke sAtha-sAtha bhakti ne bhI vaibhavazAlI bnaayaa| bhaMvaralAlajI ne jaina-itihAsa ke aneka durbodha rahasyoM ko bodhagamya kiyA aura unake liye saTIka pramANa bhI prastuta kiye| jaina paramparA se sambaddha kisI bhI jaTila prazna ko hala karane meM nAiTA jI sadaiva prastuta rahate haiM gauravAnvita hai nAhaTA parivAra jahA~ aise vidyA-ratna utpanna hue jinhoMne apane vikAsa meM saMskAra, vAtAvaraNa, pariveza aura pUrvajoM ke AzISa, sabhI ko sahayogI bnaayaa| -arcanA tripAThI zodhadhAtrA, pAMcAla zodha saMsthAna, kAnapura Izvara zrI nAhaTA jI ko svastha evam dIrgha umra pradAna kareM tAki ve rAjasthAnI bhASA. sAhitya va saMskRti kI aura bhI sevA karate rhe| -ratana zAha mAnada maMtrI, rAjasthAnI pracAriNI sabhA. kalakattA kalakattA saMgha ati bhAgyazAlI hai jinako zrI nAhaTAjI jaise samAja-sevI, karmaTha. advitIya vidvAna va kisI bhI lipi ko par3hane meM sakSama vyakti prApta hai| itane prakAMDa vidvAna hote hue bhI ApameM jo namratA va sahanazIlatA vidyamAna hai una vizeSatAoM kA varNana karanA sUrya ko dIpaka dikhAne ke samAna hai| dAdA gurudeva se bAraMbAra prArthanA hai ki ApakI samAja-sevAoM ke bhAvanAoM ko dina-ba-dina unnata bnaaye| -kapUracaMda zrImAla, haidarAbAda nAhaTA sA0vilakSaNa pratibhA ke dhanI haiN| aneka bhASAoM kA ApakA vilakSaNa jJAna ApakI vibhinna kRtiyoM se jhalakatA hai| ApakA mAtRbhUmi, mAtRbhASA evaM bhAratIya veSabhUSA se aTUTa lagAva hai jo ApakI dinacaryA se spaSTataH parilakSita hotA hai| rAjasthAnI bhASA va sAhitya ke liye Apake yogadAna ko bhalA kauna bhulA sakatA hai| veSabhUSA va vyavahAra itanA sAmAnya hai ki prAyaH vyakti Azcaryacakita raha jAte haiM itane ucca koTi ke vidvAna, tattvavettA [41

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evaM paraduHkha katara ko dekhkr| Apako bhASaNa zailI bar3I nadhura va tathyoM se paripUrNa rahatI hai jo zrotAgaNa para apanI amiTa chApa choDe bina nahIM raita / Apake dvArA likhita kahAniyA~ sarala bhASA meM va zikSAprada hotI haiN| Apake dvArA sampAdita nAsika-patra 'kuzala nirdeza' samAja va deza kI bar3I sevA kara rahA hai / -devendrakumAra kocara hindI sAhitya-seviyoM meM yaha prathA rahI hai ki yadi koI nibaMdha, kavitA yA pustaka kA praNayana unake hI parivAra ke kinhI do yA adhika sadasyoM, vizeSa kara do yA tIna sage yA najadIkI rizte ke bhAiyoM dvArA huA ho to usameM lekhaka ke rUpa meM ina praNetAoM ke nAma na dekara kulanAma kA ullekha kara usake sAtha baMdhu yA trayI jaise zabda ko jor3a kara usakA prayoga kara liyA jAtA hai / hindI meM aise kaI yugma zabda dekhane meM Aye haiM / yathA mizrabaMdhu. yAjJikavaMdhu aadi| mizrabaMdhu se to hiMdI sAhitya kA pratyeka pAThaka bhalI-bhAMti paricita hogaa| nibaMdhu se tAtparya mukhyataH coTI ke do vidvAn bhAiyoM se hai-zrI zyAmabihArI mizra evaM zrI zukadevabihArI mizra / kamI-kabhI grantha-praNayana meM inake eka aura bhAI zrI gaNezabihArI mizra kA bhI yogadAna pAyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra yAjJika bandhu se tAtparya zrI bhavAnIzaMkara yAjJika, zrI jIvanazaMkara yAjJika evaM zrI mAyAzaMkara yAjJika se hai| rAjasthAna meM aura vizeSakara bIkAnera meM rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke praNayana meM lage vidvAnoM ke liye bhI isa prathA kA vyApaka artha meM prayoga huA hai / rAjasthAnI-trayI zabda kA jaba bhI aura jahA~ kahIM bhI prayoga hotA hai usase tAtparya ThAkura rAmasiMha, paM0 sUryakaraNa pArIka evaM paM0 narottamadAsa svAmI se hotA hai| isameM eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki ye tInoM vidvAn lekhaka alaga-alaga parivAra ke the| yadyapi rAjasthAnI ke unnayana kArya meM ve isa taraha lage the ki tIna deha eka prANa se pratIta hote the| rAjasthAnI va jaina sAhitya kI sevA eka anya parivAra kI bhI anupameya rahI hai| vaha parivAra hai nAhaTA parivAra / prAcIna rAjasthAnI va jaina sAhitya-granthoM kI khoja aura unake zodha meM lage nAhaTAbandhu kI sevA isa koTi kI hai ki aisA parizramI aura apanI dhana meM lage ina mahAnubhAvoM ke kArya kI gaharAI meM pahuMcanA asaMbhava nahIM to kaThina avazya hai| nAhaTAbandhuoM se merA tAtparya svargIya agaracandajI nAhaTA aura unake bar3e bhAI ke putra tathA isa lekha ke caritanAyaka zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA se hai| zrI bhaMvaralAlajI ke pUjya pitAjI kA nAma zrI bhairUdAna jI nAhaTA thaa| cAcA zrI abhayarAja jI kA nidhana kAphI choTI Ayu meM ho gayA thA / bhaMvaralAlajI Ayu meM apane pitRtulya sva0 agaracandajI nAhaTA se kevala chaH mahIne hI choTe haiN| isI kAraNa agaracandajI nAhaTA ko apane zodha kArya meM va purAne hastalikhita granthoM ko ekatra karane meM zrI bhaMvaralAlajI kA anupama sahayoga prApta huaa| hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM eka bhrAMti bahuta samaya se calI A rahI thii| hindI sAhitya ke vidvAna jinameM AcArya rAmacandra zukla evaM DA0 zyAmasundaradAsa zAmila the jaTamala nAhara kI gorA-bAdala kI kathA ko hindI kI prathama gadya racanA mAnate the| vAstava meM yaha eka gadya-racanA na hokara padya racanA thii| isa bhrAMti ke nirAkaraNa meM sva0 narottamadAsa jI svAmI ko bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA ne apanA pUrA sahayoga pradAna kiyaa| sva0 pUraNacanda jI nAhara ke 42]

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saMgraha meM jaTamala ko gorA-bAdala kI kathA kI purAnI prati thI aisA mAlUma pdd'aa| aMtataH bhavaralAlajI va pUraNacandajI nAhara ne athaka prayatnoM se bar3I daur3a-dhUpa ke bAda raoNyala aisiyATika sosAyaTI, baMgAla, ke pustakAlaya meM isa purAnI prati ko khoja nikaalaa| isa prati ke avalokana se yaha siddha ho gayA ki yaha racanA gadya meM na hokara padya meM hai| isa bhrAnti ke nirAkaraNa kA adhikatara zreya bhaMvaralAla jI ko jAtA hai| zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA se merA paricaya bahuta purAnA hai| usa vakta jaba guNaprakAzaka sajjanAlaya, bIkAnera kI chata para sAhityagoSThiyAM huA karatI thIM usameM nAhaTAjI (donoM), narottamadAsajI svAmI, nAtharAmajI khar3agAvata Adi prakhyAta vidvAn bhAga lete the| maiM bhI yadA-kadA vahA~ jAyA karatA thaa| vahIM para maiMne khar3agAvatajI ke muMha se unakI rAjasthAnI racanA lAbhUbAbA (naukara rI) sunI thii| vaha bahuta pasaMda kI gii| bhaMvaralAlajI meM parizrama, lagana, niSThA jaise durlabha guNa pracura mAtrA meM haiN| isake sAtha-sAtha unameM mAnavIya guNoM kI bhI koI kamI nahIM hai| Apa para bhagavatI sarasvatI ke sAtha-sAtha lakSmI kA bhI varada hasta rahA hai / sAhitya-sevA to ApakI prazaMsanIya hai hI vyavasAya ke kSetra meM bhI Apane kauzala kA paricaya diyA hai jo kisI ke liye bhI anukaraNIya hai| -puruSottamadAsa svAmI, bIkAnera sAhitya-jagata ke anupama evaM bahumukhI vidvAna, sarasvatI ke lADale va pUrva janma ke zubha evaM saMcita saMskAroM se otaprota nAhaTAjI para zrutadevI kI aparaMpAra kRpA hai| na jAne kitane janmoM kI sAdhanA va puNyAnu dhI puNya haiM jo sirpha eka hI devI nahIM sAtha meM lakSmI devI kI bhI satat kRpAdRSTi hai jo ki isa pramANa meM kaThinAI se dRSTigocara hotI haiM / itano vidvatA hote hue bhI aham prahAra to kyA cha bhI na skaa| zAyada hI kisI vijJAna meM itanI saralatA, sthiratA upalabdha hotI hai / binA prasiddhi kI AzA, lAlasA va kAmanA kiye aDiga haiN| svayam meM eka anukaraNa yogya udAharaNa haiM jise samaya meM nahIM bAMdhA jA sakatA hai / aisI virala AtmAoM kI pratibhA-vilakSaNatA vijJApana-rahita sAhitya-sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se vizva meM itravat sarvatra prasArita ho jAtI hai, kyoMki sAdhanA apane Apa meM khuzabu hai| ApazrI ke parivAra vAle bhI ApazrI kI taraha hI sarala va aham rahita haiM / -DA0 puSpA jaina, bamdaI svargIya agaracanda jI nAhaTA saubhAgyazAlI the ki unheM ghara meM hI eka pratibhAzAlI evaM anupama sahAyaka va sAthI zrI bhaMvaralAla jI upalabdha ho gye| rAjasthAna samAja prakAzana samiti ke maMtrI ke rUpa meM maiM unase do-tIna varSa pahale milA thaa| usa samaya inakI pustakoM kI pratiyA~ dekhI, saMpAdita patrikAyeM dekhI. aura dekhA eka sarala vyaktitva ke pIche pratibhA saMpanna AtmA evaM sarasvatI kI pratimA / [43

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prAkRta, pAlI, saMskRta, apabhraza, baMgalA. hindI, rAjasthAnI, brAhmI, gupta Adi lipiyoM ke kampyuTara bhASAvidga ko zatazaH namana ! abhinandana / -govinda agravAla ve jJAna ke koSa haiM, yaha bAta jitanI saca hai usase adhika kaThora satya yaha hai ki unakA jJAna AcchAdita rahA hai| unakI upAdeya aura garimAmaya sAhitya-sevA eka upalabdhi hai| jahA~ taka merA anubhava hai bhAI agara candajI, bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ko loga do nahIM eka vyakti mAnate the / yaha bhrama to dhIre-dhIre dUra huaa| bhAI agaracandajI kA nAma lene se zrI bhaMvaralAlajI kA nAma svataH A jAtA thA aura isI taraha ve eka dUsare ke pUraka the| lekina satya yaha hai ki donoM ne hI sAhitya kI vizeSakara itihAsa ke kSetra meM mahatvapUrNa sevAeM dI haiN| -pannAlAla nAhaTA. dillI Adhunika yuga meM prAcIna saMtoM kI-sI bhAratIya manISA ko vizva ke sAmane ujAgara karane meM jina sAdhakoM ke nAma agrapaMkti meM sAdara pratiSThita haiM, unameM zraddheya nAhaTA jI kA nAma kucha adhika AkarSaNa ke sAtha ubhara kara AyA hai| bhAratIya vAGamaya meM ApakI mahimA isaliye nahIM hai ki Apa apane meM eka vizva-koSa haiM balki isalie hai ki hamArI vijuta sAMskRtika virAsata jo ki pAMDulipiyoM meM kaida hai. jisakI lipi ko jAnane vAle nahIM raha gae haiM, ko Apane mukta kiyA / jJAna kA agAdha srota jo anajAne zilAkhaNDoM se ruddha rahA. use Apane apanI vajravRtti se unmukta kiyA, sarva-sAdhAraNa ke liye bodhagamya banAyA / -aruNaprakAza avasthI, kalakattA sva0 agaracaMdajI nAhaTA ( Apake kAkAjI) evaM ApakA samAja ke prati upakAra kA mUlyAMkana karanA kaThina hai| Apa isa vRddhAvasthA meM bhI sAhityopAsanA evaM samAja-sevA meM kAryarata haiM evaM yuvakoM ke liye preraNAsrota haiN| -dhanasukha chAjer3a, DahANu, mahArASTra nahIM haTA so nAhaTA, bha~varalAla zrI nAhaTA, nija dharma au svakarma pe haradama rahA ddNttaa| pAyA guru parasAda, niraMtara karataba rata hai, jina zAsana se pyAra va sevA jisakA vrata hai / / -pyArelAla mUthA, amarAvatI 88 ]

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guNI janoM ke guga yAda karanA mAnava kA pharja hai| nAhaTAjI zrImAna bha~varalAlajI kA abhinandana samAroha manAyA jA rahA hai so ati hI Avazyaka kArya hogaa| nAhaTAjI ke lekha va kaI eka pratiyAM par3hI jisase yaha anubhava hotA hai ki aise bhautika samaya meM bhI adhyAtna- jJAna ke lekha va kRtiyAM jAdU-sA hI kAma karake mAnava jIvana ko saphala banAne ke liye ati upayogI hote haiN| nAhaTAjI kI saralatA va sAdagI va premabharA vyavahAra hameM hamezA yAda rahatA hai| - motIlAla lachamanadAsa jaina, talodA, mahArASTra paramArhata zreSThI AdaraNIya bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA evaM unake parivAra ke sAtha hamalogoM ke sambandha sadA se atyanta AtmIya aura madhura rahe haiN| svargIya agaracandajI nAhaTA kI bhA~ti zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ko yadi dharma, saMskRti aura sAhitya ke mahAsAgara meM prakAza stambha kI saMjJA deM to kadAcit atyukti na hogI / nissandeha ve isa kSetra meM eka niSThApUrvaka samarpita vyaktitva haiN| yadi isa tathya ko yUM spaSTa kareM ki bhArata ke dharma, saMskRti aura sAhitya ke itihAsa meM yadi kisI eka hI aise nAma kI gaveSaNA kareM jo apane Apa meM eka pUrA adhyAya bana kara jur3a gayA ho to zrI bhaMvaralAlajI sAhaba ke nAma para Akara ThiThaka jAnA pdd'egaa| sujJajanoM se paricaya prApta karanA mujhe priya rahA hai, para Apa jaise marmajJa kabhI-kabhAra hI mila pAye haiN| unake samIpa baiThane kA mujhe jitanA bAra bhI avasara par3A, yahI anubhUti huI mAnoM maiM kisI vyakti ke samakSa na hokara kisI zabdakoza ke sAmane baiThA hU~ / merI nijI mAnyatA hai ki jJAnasAdhanA zuddha svArtha hai, aura zuddha svArtha hI jaba samyaka vistAra karatA hai to paramArtha meM parivartita ho jAtA hai, isI samIkaraNa se siddha hokara zrI nAhaTAjI samAja hetu eka ratna ho gaye haiN| yadyapi hamalaMga apane ko paramparAgata jauharI batAte haiM, para aise anamola samAja-razna kA sahI mola oNka pAnA to sambhavataH merI sAmarthya se pare hai / unakI jJAnagarimA hAra kara raha gaI para unakI sahaja sarala zAlInatA para kiJcita bhI hAvI nahIM ho pAI. ise bhI eka durlabha saMyoga mAna lenA par3egA hamaloga kartavya mAtra kara rahe haiM. vastutaH yaha Ayojana yadi pratidina bhI kiyA jAtA rahe unakA abhinandana karake to bhI alpa hI rhegaa| abhinandana samAroha ke zubhAvasara para hama Apake prati zraddhA ke sumana arpita karate haiM / --jayacandra koThArI, bIkAnera -zaileza DI0 kApaDiyA, saMpAdaka, jainamitra, sUrata sva0 agaracandajI nAhaTA se merA paricaya thA aura maiM 3/4 bAra sArvajanika samAroha ke avasara para milA bhI / para zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA to mujhe gudar3I meM chipe hue lAla kI taraha pratIta hote haiN| pAMcavI kakSA taka par3hA huA vyakti itanA apratima pratibhA saMpanna kuzAgra buddhi vAlA aisA bejor3a aitihAsika vidvAna evaM dhArmika vRttivAlA hogA. aisI koI kalpanA bhI nahIM kara sakatA hai / aisI yogyatA yUnivarsiTI ke pramANa patroM se nahIM AyI, balki yaha pUrvopArjita saMskAravaza janma se hI AyI hai| zrI nAhaTA jI divya puruSa divyAtmA jJAta hote haiN| - jJAnacaMdra jaina, saha saMpAdaka, jainamitra sUrata [su

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koI pacAsa se adhika varSa pUrva jaba maiM hindI mAsika patroM ko par3hane lagA, taba se hI anekAneka hastalikhita jaina granthoM tathA anya hastalipiyoM kI jAnakArIpUrNa lekhoM ke lekhaka ke rUpa meM zrI agaracandajI ke sAtha zrI bhaMvara lAlajI nAhaTA kA bhI nAma jur3A dekhatA AyA huuN| rAjasthAna se prakAzita hone vAle mAsika patra-patrikAoM meM to anivArya rUpeNa unake lekha dekhane ko milate rahate haiN| svatantra rUpa se unhoMne ekAkI bhI bahuta kucha likhA aura kaI granthoM kA sampAdana kiyA hai| punaH janavarI 12, 1983 I0 ko unake kAkA zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ke dehAnta ke bAda to yaha sArA kAryabhAra ekamAtra zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA ke hI kandhoM para A gayA hai, jise ve pUrI sAdhanA aura lagana ke sAtha nibAha rahe haiM / Izvara se prArthanA hai ki ve unheM zatAyu kareM tAki zAsana kI sevA karate hue ve bhAratIya itihAsa aura sAhitya ke saMrakSaNa aura adhyayana-vivecana ke isa kArya ko Age bhI satat karate rheN| -raghubIrasiMha. sItAmaU zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA kA vyaktitva athAha sAgara jaisA hai| ve vartamAna yuga ke mahAna dRSTA, jJAtA, vicAraka aura jIvana-sarjaka haiN| vaise to dharma, adhyAtma va sAdhanA meM hI unakA jIvana pravAha hai. lekina kalA. sAhitya, darzana meM bhI ve anUThe aura advitIya haiN| unakA lekhana jIvana kI gambhIra gaharAiyoM va anubhUtiyoM se udbhuta hai| bIkAneravAsI zrI nAhaTA na kevala rAjasthAna ke gaurava haiM apitu vizva ke una gine-cune vyaktiyoM meM se haiM jina para mA~ sarasvatI kI anupama kRpA rahI hai| kisI skUla kaoNleja meM nahIM par3hane ke bAvajUda bhI una-sA lipijJAna viraloM ko hI nasIba hotA hai| sva0 agaracaMdajI nAhaTA va zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA se merA paricaya kAphI pahale se rahA hai| samaya-samaya para dhArmika masaloM para vicAra-vimarza patra vyavahAra hotA rahA hai| aise mahAna vyakti ke bAre meM jitanA likhA jAe thor3A hai| vaya meM bar3A hone ke nAte maiM unake zatAyu hone kI kAmanA karatA huuN| -mAnacanda bhaMDArI, jodhapura mahApuruSa zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA se merI mulAkAta kalakattA meM jaba 4 dina rahanA huA thA taba tIna bAra huii| isake bAda nAhaTAjI apane parivAra sahita evaM kAkA zrI agaracandajI nAhaTA (prasiddha puruSa) sahita pratiSThA ke samaya pAlItAnA padhAre the / maiM pAlitAne meM rahatA thaa| taba 3/4 bAra donoM se bheMTa huii| unhoMne unhIM dvArA prakAzita do pustakeM mujhe bheMTa meM doN| maiMne zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA meM sAdagI, saralatA, gaMbhIratA, 'vinaya, santoSa evaM paropakAra bhAva aura jJAna adhyayana guNa dekhe, yaha bhI dekhA ki koI unase prazna kare to ve niSpakSatA se sahI uttara dete haiN| jJAna kI vizeSatA ke sAtha-sAtha ApazrI vratadhArI bhI haiN| jJAna ke sAtha-sAtha dhArmika cAritra. donoM bAteM. eka sAtha kinhIM virale puruSoM meM hI dekhane ko milatI haiN| -esa0 sohanalAla golachA, kaTanI 3.]

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It is with great eclat, alacrity and enthusiasm that I write about Shri Bhanwarlal Nahata, a savant and sage, and a store-house of knowledge on Jainism. Shri Nahata has the history about himself by his sheer study and critical acumen and honesty, and by his industry, perseverance and achievements. But the fame of Shri Bhanwarlal Nahata is not confined to the above things alone, he is also credited with a number of works and articles amounting to nearly 3000 composed by him for the scholarly world. He is a great connoisseur of art and culture and has an unbounded interest in creative activities. I met Shri Bhanwarlal Nahata more than 35 years ago in his gaddi'. A tall, bald-headed man of mid-century with bright eyes and sharp looks, but gentle and sobre, received me well with his ever smiling face that tells the personality of a man. Being enchanted and bewildered by his demeanour which is inundated with commanding beauty of person and great vigour of mind, we began to talk on a subject which he handled so easily that he could be compared with any master-minded scholars of the world. I was working then on a Rajasthani manuscript, entitled 'Kanhada Kathiyara-ri Caupai'. He helped me so much in editing and getting the meaning of text that I could not express his decuman knowledge of the subject in eloquent terms. I discovered that he was a good manuscriptologist. He reads manuscripts faster than a printed book. He is a good calligraphist as well. If one has not seen him reading manuscripts, one cannot believe it. He has contributed so much from manuscripts that Jainism owes its indebtedness to him for centuries more. He has done the works of hundred scholars by himself alone. I have been to his place thousand times for acquiring knowledge on Jainism and I have learned so much from him that I do not hesitate to call him my Jaina-siksa-guru'. It is said ekam apy aksaram yastu guruh sesye nivedayet prthivyam nasti tad dravyam yad datva so'nrni bhavet He is out and out a businessman and studies are his pastime pleasure job: abeunt studia in mores ( studies become ways of life ). He used to say to me that he had no formal education. By that he meant that he had no University degrees. I found him more than that. Gradually I have also discovered that a man like him does not need any University degrees. Though, it is true, he has no formal education in the University sense of the term, he has combined in himself the learning of an oriental pandit with the argus-eyed critical faculty of a modern scholar. I have seen that the University degree-holders have studied under him for solving various problems. [ 80

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His knowledge on Jainism is superb and unsurpassed, beyond the cognizance of an ordinary student. He is, in fact, a self-made scholar and reads voraciously. He peruses and writes, and he writes faster than one can read them. When any idea is dawned in his mind, he sinks deep into it, till he reaches the end of the problem. He has written nearly three thousand papers on Jaina religion and philosophy, culture and history, art and architecture, folk-lore and tradition, language and literature. There is hardly any branch on Jainism which is not touched by him : nullum quod tetigit non ornavit. He is a polyglot. He knows Sanskrit, Prakrit, Pali, Apabhramsa, Bengali, Hindi, Rajasthani, Gujarati and several other languages. He has helped innumerable scholars in this line. As far as I know he has no enemy; and he does not live in the realm of hostility. He is very courteous and bountiful, and is sympathetic towards young learners and scholars. He is a man of extremely simple and unostentatious habits and his attitude towards life and world is intensely religious. Shri Nahata, a scholar and virtuoso, is an embodiment of the revival of Jaina glory, culture and history which he has unfurled for over fifty years of his life. With his unbounded zeal and inexhaustible fund of energy and unsurpassed skill, he has made himself a 'moving encyclopaedia on Jainism, a rare honour which a non-academician can ever attain. His ideas are lofty and sacred in nature. He has an unquenchable thirst for knowledge. He is by nature taciturn, and values what is useful and seeks, what is worthy. His contributions are more thana. D. Litt. On this solemn occasion I pray to God for his hundred active life: pasyema saradah satam, jivema saradah satam, srnuyama saradah satam, --Dr. Satyaranjan Banerjee Dept. of Comparative Philology and Linguistics, University of Calcutta

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udayapura ke mahArANA zrI bhagavatasiMhajI ko mAlyadAna karate hue zrI nAhaTAjI samavayaska mitra va AtmiyoM ke sAtha-bAe~ se zrI nAhaTAjI, sva0 hIrAlAlajI lUNiyA, sva0 bhairudAnajI surANA, zrI megharAjajI nAhaTA, zrI dIpacandajI bhUrA

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BRAddhe dhArmika zikSaNa zivira, kalakattA, ke samApana-samAroha meM zrI nAhaTAjI ko mAlyadAna karate hue jaina bhavana ke karmaTha kAryakartA zrI moticandajI bharA zrI jaina bhavana pustakAlaya, kalakattA, ke udghATana samAroha para Ayojita pustaka-pradarzanI meM DA0 sunItikumAra caTajI, zrI vijayasiMhajI nAhara Adi ke sAtha zrI nAhaTAjI

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zrI agara canda dina 2 pala 180 zrI agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana samAroha para nAhaTAjI ko abhinandana grantha bheMTa karate hue tatkAlIna saMsada sadasya muhammada usmAna Aripha kampila mahotsava para uttara pradeza ke tatkAlIna rAjyapAla DA0 ema0 cennA reDDI ko maMdira kA itihAsa batAte hue zrI nAhaTAjI For Private & Personal use only

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madhubana (zikharajI) meM samAyojita akhila bhAratIya itihAsajJa vidvata sammelana ke sabhApati rUpa meM zrI nAhaTAjI agragAmI yuvaka pariSad ke adhivezana meM zrI nAhaTAjI

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mA~ sarasvatI ke varadaputra, mahAna jJAnopAsaka zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA kI jIvana-jhAMkI ke darzana pAkara aisA lagA ki kevala pAMcavIM kakSA pAsa vidyArthI zrI nAhaTAjI vAstava meM janma-jAta svayaMbuddha haiM, apUrva AmA-yukta mahApaMDita haiN| Apa saMskRta, prAkRta Adi aneka bhASAoM; citrakalA, mUrtikalA Adi aneka kalAoM; brAhmI-gupta Adi aneka lipiyoM ke pUrNa jJAtA haiM. mahAna sAhityakAra haiM, tatvavettA, itihAsavettA, mahAn ciMtaka. mahAkavi haiN| jinazAsana ke rasiyA haiM, sacce pujArI haiN| -zAMtilAla jaina 'nAhara', hoziyArapura, paMjAba Apa sAhityika evaM itihAsajJa to haiM hI. Apako kaI lipiyoM kA bhI jJAna hai| jo lipi par3hane meM vijJa apane ko asamartha pAte haiM use Apa usa lipi ke saMketa taiyAra kara itanA spaSTa par3ha dete haiM jaise koI apanI mAtRbhASA (lipi) par3hatA ho| ApameM maiMne eka vizeSatA yaha dekho ki Apako mAtRbhUmi kA adhika gaurava hai| mAravAr3a se jaba koI bAhara artha upArjana ke liye jAtA thA, taba bujurga yaha hitazikSA dete the--bhAyA deza chor3e paNa, vANI, pANI (gaurava), raheNo (veSabhUSA) mata chodd'e| yaha tInoM bAteM Apake jIvana meM pratyakSa dRSTigocara hotI hai| isa dizA meM mAtRbhUmi kA gaurava rakhane vAle virale hI mileNge| -bhIkhamacaMda muNota zrImAn nAhaTAjI se merA ghaniSTha pArivArika sambandha hone ke sAtha-sAtha vyaktigata bhI ghaniSTha sambandha hai| kisI bhI sAhityika evaM sAmAjika kArya ke liye maiMne Aja taka Apake muMha se 'nahIM' zabda nahIM sunA / kyoMki Apake zabdakoSa meM nahIM athavA asambhava zabda hai hI nhiiN| jisa kisI bhI kArya ko Apane hAtha meM liyA use niSThApUrvaka pUrA kiyA / Apako anekoM bhASAoM kA jJAna hai| abhI kucha dina pUrva kI bAta hai ki zraddheya munivara mahopAdhyAya candraprabhasAgara jI ma0 sA0 apanI eka kAvya-pustikA kA AdyopAnta hindI se rAjasthAnI meM anuvAda karavAnA cAhate the / isake lie unheM zrI nAhaTAjI se upayukta koI vyakti na lgaa| saMyoga kI bAta hai ki pUjya munivara ne mujhe yaha pustaka nAhaTAjI se anuvAda karavAne ke liye dii| zrI nAhaTAjI ne saharSa pustaka le lii| eka saptAha ke uparAnta mane zrI nAhaTAjI ko yAda dilaayaa| taba unhoMne kahA ki anuvAda Aja kara duuNgaa| maiMne socA ki 100 pR kAvya-pustikA ke anuvAda meM eka saptAha kA samaya avazya lgegaa| ataH eka saptAha bAda punaH zrI nAhaTA khNgaa| kintu agale hI dina prAtaH zrI nAhaTAjo ne mujhe mUlakAvya pustikA va usakA rAjasthAnI bhASA meM eka DAyarI meM likhakara mere hAtha para diyaa| maiM Azcarya ke sAtha socane lagA ki itanI vRddhAvasthA meM kartavya niSThA hai inameM ? vinamra, zAnta-svabhAvI, sahiSNu aura mRdubhASI zrI nAhaTAjI guNa-ratnoM zrImAna nAhaTAjI ke viSaya meM sAdhAraNa sA vyakti bhI eka svatantra graMtha likha sakatA hai| zrI nAhaTAjI aneka dazakoM taka samAja, deza. sAhitya, dharma kI sevA karate hue hama sabake bIca raheM isa zubha maMgala kAmanA ke sAtha maiM zrI nAhaTAjI kA hArdika abhinandana karatA huuN| -prakAzakumAra daphtarI, kalakattA [49

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pratibhAsampanna, Azukavi, bahuvidha vyaktitva evaM kRtitva ke dhAraka, kalAvid, paramadharmiSTha zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA kA abhinandana zIghra hI kiyA jAegA-saMvAda se merA mana-mayara thiraka utthaa| kyoM na thirke| kisI bahuzruta aura upakAraka vidvAn kA abhinandana ho to thirakanA svAbhAvika hai / nAhaTA bandhuoM-10 AracandajI e zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA se merA samparka Aja kA nahIM hai / cAra dazAbdiyoM se bhI adhika samaya se samparka rahA hai, jo aba ghanIbhUta ho cukA hai / ina donoM ke hI mere jIvana para parama upakAra rahe haiN| inake sambandha meM pUrva meM bhI maiM 'pratiSThA lekha saMgraha' evaM 'agara canda nAhaTA abhinandana grantha' meM apane bhAvodgagAroM ko prakaTa kara cukA hU~, tadapi una smRtiyoM kA ava bhI maiM saMvaraNa nahIM kara pA rahA hU~, ataeva punaH aMkana kara rahA huuN| vi0 saM0 2000 meM mere paramArAdhya sadjJAna cUr3AmaNi paramakriyApAtra pUjya gurudeva zrI jinamaNisAgarasUrijI mahArAja ke sAnnidhya meM merA cAturmAsa zubhavilAsa, bIkAnera meM thaa| usa samaya merI avasthA 15 varSa kI thii| yahIM se maiM inake samparka meM AyA, nahIM-nahIM, inhoMne mujhe apane samparka meM liyA aura kuzala zilpI kI taraha mere jIvana kA nirmANa karane kI ThAna lii| apane putra pArasa ke samAna hI mujha para vAtsalya/dharmasneha rakhate hue, merI jIvana kI gati/pravAha ko mor3a denA prArambha kara diyaa| sarvaprathama inhoMne hastalikhita granthoM kI lipi ko par3hane kI ora mujhe prerita kiyaa| abhyAsa bar3hane para paDi. mAtrAoM kA jJAna karAyA / isameM gati hone para inhoMne mUttilekhoM kI lipi kA jJAna karAyA aura sAtha meM baiThakara abhyAsa krvaayaa| jaba isameM bhI merI gati baDhane lagI. to majhe protsAhita karate hue pANDulipi karane kI kalA bhI sikhaaii| preraNA, parAmarza, sahayoga aura protsAhana de-dekara inhoMne merI gatividhi ko sAhitya-sevA kI ora unmukha kara diyA. sUtradhAra kI taraha saMcAlana kara diyA / phalasvarUpa mere jIvana kA lakSya badalA aura prayatna karate hue maiM kucha bana gayA / Aja maiM jisa rUpa meM bhI hU~ aura jo kucha bhI hU~. usakI nIMva inhoMne hI DAlI / mere jIvana kA nirmANa karane meM, yogya banAne meM inakI prabalatam mahatI abhilASA thI ki maiM kharataragaccha kA eka asAdhAraNa vidvAna, lekhaka aura gaccha kA abhyudaya karane vAlA banaM / para kAza ! maiM ne unakI abhilASA ko pUrNa karane ke sthAna para use Acchanna hI nahIM, balki tahasa-nahasa bhI kara ddaalaa| isameM merI hI truTiyAM, durbalatAyeM. AcaraNa aura Aveza mukhyataH doSI haiN| itanA saba kucha ghaTita ho jAne para bhI mere prati to unakA vAtsalyavat asIma sneha. gurutulya zraddhAbhAva, sauhArda aura sanmitrabhAva pUrvavat Aja bhI surakSita hai| isameM tanika bhI kamI nahIM Ane pAI hai| ise maiM inakI mahAnatA hI kaha sakatA huuN| yaha huI Apa bItI / vi0 saM0 1984 meM suprasiddha jainAcArya zrI jinakRpAcandrasUrijI mahArAja evaM upAdhyAya zrI sukhasAgarajI ma0 ke bIkAnera cAturmAsa meM nAhaTA-bandhu agaracandajI bhaMvaralAlajI unake ghaniSTha saMparka meM Ae / unake saMsarga meM Ane se ina donoM kI jIvanadhArA meM mahatvapUrNa parivartana huA aura tabhI se ye donoM zreSThIputra se sarasvatIputra banate hue mahAna se mahAnatam banate cale gye| 50 ]

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ina donoM kAkA-bhatIjoM kA sAhityika-jagat kI pratyeka gati-vidhi meM itanA adhika sAmaJjasya rahA hai ki ye paraspara eka-dUsare ke pUraka bana kara abhinna/advaita rUpa meM Age bar3hate hI rhe| ina donoM ke kAryoM kA vibhAgIkaraNa karanA vastutaH Ter3hI khIra hai| kintu inakI vaha ajasradhArA bhI kucha varSoM se nAna aura artha ko dRSTi se eka pakSa kI ora se khaNDita hotI huI-sI dRSTipatha meM AtI hai| ina donoM ke sammilita evaM sakriya prayatnoM se do vaiziSTyapUrNa evaM cirasthAyI kArya sampanna hue the: 1. abhaya jaina granthAlaya (bIkAnera) jaisA vizAlatama saMgrahAlaya sthApita huaa| jisameM 70 hajAra hastalikhita grantha, lagabhaga 40 hajAra mudrita pustakeM. zatAdhika patra-patrikAoM kI phAileM, rAjAoM, AcAryoM Adi kI patrAvaliyAM aura sahasrAdhika granthoM kI pANDulipiyAM surakSita haiN| saMgrahAlaya kI sAmagrI kA upayoga kara zatAdhika zodhArthI pI0 eca0 DI0 kara cuke haiM / 2. zaMkaradAna nAhaTA kalA bhavana kI sthaapnaa| isameM prAcIna citra, citrapaTTa, purAtAtvika avazeSa, mudrAe', sacitra grantha, kASTha-paTTikAeM evaM vividha prakAra kI sAmagrI pracura parimANa meM saMgrahIta hai| zrI bhaMvaralAlajI ke kalakattA rahane ke kAraNa evaM zrI agaracandajI ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt ye donoM saMsthAyeM durvyavasthA ke caMgula meM jakar3atI jA rahI hai| yahA~ para yaha kahanA aprAsaMgika na hogA ki bhavaralAlajI ke zatAdhika lekha agaracandajI ke nAma se bhI chape haiM / sarvadA agaracandajI ke vazaMvada hokara calane meM hI inhoMne apanI garimA samajhI hai| 42 varSoM ke satat samparka meM maiMne zrI ma~varalAlajI meM jo kucha vaiziSTya dekhA, usakA saMkSipta lekhA-jokhA aba prastuta karatA huuN| 1. Azukavi haiM / kavipadadhAraka na hote hue bhI, prAkRta, saMskRta, hindI aura rAjasthAnI bhASA meM tatkSaNa chando. baddha racanA kara lete haiN| racanA meM yatra-tatra vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se skhalanA avazya ho jAtI hai, kintu bhAvoM kI dRSTi se racanA prazasta ho hotI hai| bhaktAmara stotra kA hindI padyAnuvAda to eka rAtri meM hI pUrNa kara diyA thaa| 2. vidhivat kramika adhyayana ke abhAva meM bhI prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraza, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI bhASAoM kA acchA jJAna hai| par3hane aura artha karane meM bhI pUrNa dakSa haiN| 3. granthoM kI paDilipi mAtrA ke atirikta prAcIna mUrtilekhoM, zilAlekhoM, tAmrapatroM kI uttara bhArata ya lipi par3hane meM siddhahasta haiN| yahI nahIM. brAhmI aura kuTila lipi ke lekhoM ko bhI dakSatApUrvaka par3ha lete haiN| 4. mUrtikalA aura citrakalA kI sUkSnatAoM kA viziSTa jJAna hai aura usameM acchI paiTha hai| kAlAnusAra usakA nirUpaNa bhI gaharAI ke sAtha kara lete haiN| 5. akSara suvAcya, sundara evaM manamohaka haiN| sAtha hI sUkSma akSara likhane meM bhI siddhahasta haiN| mere jaisA to use AIglAsa binA par3ha nahIM paataa| [ 51

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6. rekhAcitra, saMsmaraNa aura kahAniyA~ likhane meM atyanta niSNAta haiN| rAjasthAnI aura hindI donoM meM likhate haiN| pAtra kA citraNa atyanta sajova aura mArmika hotA hai| pustaka paThanIya hai| 7. lagabhaga dasa varSoM se ekAkI ho 'kuzala nirdeza' mAsika patrikA kA sampAdana saphalatA pUrvaka kara rahe haiN| 8. svatantra rUpa se likhita, anudita, saMpAdita, saMzodhita pustakeM evaM zatAdhika lekha bhI vibhinna patra-patrikAoM, abhinandana smRti granthoM meM prakAzita ho cuke haiN| aura aba bhI nirantara likhate rahate haiN| 9. Aja mI kharataragaccha kA itihAsa, bacchAvata vaMza kA itihAsa, vicAraratnasAra kA anuvAda, sahajAnanda patrAvalI Adi ke kArya bhI utI manovRtti aura lagana ke sAtha pUrNa karane meM saMlagna haiM / 10. itane adhika niHspRha haiM ki koI bhI kalAtmaka vastu grantha yA mudrita pustakeM prApta hotI to tatkAla hI unheM kAkAjI ke pAsa saMgrahAlaya hetu bhijavA dete the| apanI kahakara apane pAsa nahIM rakhate the / 11. pArivArika sambandhoM meM aMgrajoM ke kAraNa Arthika hAni bhI uThAnI par3I to use mUka darzaka kI taraha sahate rhe| bar3oM ke prati unake hRdaya meM Adara- bahumAna hone ke kAraNa kabhI muMha nahIM khola ske| sampatti ko karmAdhIna hI samajha kara zAnti dhAraNa kara lii| isase adhika samatva milanA bhI duSkara hai / 12. dharma Agama, sAhitya, kalA, itihAsa aura purAtatva ke adhikRta vidvAna haiN| isa sambandha meM koI lekhaka tathyaviruddha likhatA hai, to tatkAla hI patrAcAra dvArA yA lekha dvArA zAlInatA ke sAtha vastusthiti kA digdarzana karA dete haiN| yadi koI bhASaNa ke madhya meM manamAne DhaMga se viparIta prarUpaNA karatA hai, to tatkSaNa hI jozIlI vANI meM prAmANikatA ke sAtha nirAkaraNa kara dete haiM / 13. jisa kArya ko kRta saMkalpa hokara hAtha meM le lete haiM, to khAna-pAna ArAma ko bhUlakara sAhasapUrvaka eka Asana se ghaMToM taka baiThakara use pUrNa karake hI vizrAma karate haiM / cAhe pratidina 15-16 ghaMTe bhI kAma kyoM na karanA pdd'e| Aja bhI DhalatI avasthA meM bhI inakI yahI manovRti hai| 14. nAma lipsA rakhe binA Aja bhI anya lekhakoM aura sampAdakoM kI pustakoM ke saMzodhana aura prUpha Adi rAtri meM dekhate hI rahate haiN| 15. eka samaya jayantI ke avasara para prasiddha vidvAn muni zrI nagarAjajI ne zrI pUjya jinacandrasUrijI ko 'yugapravAna' aura zrI pUjyajI ne unheM 'rASTrasanta' kI upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyA, to inhoMne usI samaya 'dAsAnudAsA iva cATukArA... padya banAkara, munizrI ko sambodhita kara diyA thaa| nirbhayatApUrvaka virodha karane meM tanika bhI nahIM hicakicAte haiM / 16. vinamratA aura ziSTatA kI pratimUrti hai aziSTa vAkyoM kA prayoga yahA~ taka ki upahAsa meM bhI azA lInatA inako kiMcita bhI rucikara nahIM haiM / eka saMsmaraNa smRtipaTala para ubhara rahA hai : vi0 saM0 2001 meM ye kaTidarda se atyadhika pIr3ita the| phira bhI ye ulTe leTakara ghaNToM taka pratilipi karate rahate the| 52 ] baiThanA yA baiThakara kAma karanA inake liye dUbhara thaa| zrI jinapAlopAdhyAya kI sarataragaccha gurvAvalI ke

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anuvAda kI maiMne pratilipi karavAI thii| vyAdhigrasta avasthA meM bhI leTe-leTe usakA milAna karavA rahe the| milAna karate samaya prasaMga AyA-"jinapatisUrijI ke sAtha zAstrArtha meM niruttarita ho jAne se A0 padmaprabha kI nAnI mara gii|" mujhameM bacapanA to thA hii| maiMne usI samaya jora se AvAja dI- "dekha pArasa, nAnI mara gii|" pArasa bhaMvaralAlajI kA hI suputra hai| samavayaska hone ke kAraNa hama sAtha meM khelA bhI karate the| ukta zabdoM ko sunate hI inhoMne akroza aura vinamratApUrvaka mujhe DA~TA aura samajhAyA bhii| "Apa kyA bola gaye haiM, Apako dhyAna bhI hai? ina zabdoM kA artha kyA hotA hai? Apa sAdhu haiM. ataH Apako soca-vicArapUrvaka bhASA kA upayoga karanA cAhie / Apako pArasa ko bulAkara kahanA hI thA, to 'pArasa ! zAstrArtha meM padmaprabha kI nAnI mara gaI' kahanA thA / Age-pIcha ke vAkyAMzoM ko chor3akara, bIca ke vAkyoM ko pakar3ane se artha kA anartha ho jAtA hai| Apa jAnate haiM na ? matamatAntaroM ke udbhava bhI apUrNa vAkyAvaliyoM se hue haiM aura hote haiN| mUrtipUjA ke virodha ke rUpa meM sthAnakavAsI aura teraha paMtha kA udgabhava bhI apUrNa vAkyAMzoM kA hI pariNAma hai|" usa samaya yaha phaTakAra mujhe akharI bhI. kintu mere liye varadAyI bana gii| 17. jJAna aura artha samRddha hote hue bhI inake jIvana meM nirabhimAnatA, nizcchalatA aura niHspRhatva hai| isakA pramukha kAraNa hai jIvana meM dhArmika saMskAroM kI paripUrNatA / paramadharmaniSTha hone ke kAraNa 47 varSa kI dIrgha paryAya evaM caraNa meM takalIpha hote hue bhI niyamita rUpa se deva-pUjana karane maMdira jAte haiN| guru vidyamAna hoM to vahA~ bhI jAte haiN| prAtaH sAmAyika karate haiN| rAtri bhojana kadApi nahIM karate haiM / tapazcaryA bhI karate haiN| paryuSaNa meM telA karate haiN| inakI dharmaniSThA ke kAraNa parivAra meM bhI dhArmika saMskAra dRSTigata hote haiN| paranindA meM bhAga/rasa nahIM lete haiM aura guga grahaNa karane meM pIche nahIM rahate haiN| kisI meM guNoM ko dekhakara usakI muktakaNTha se prazaMsA karate hue aghAte nahIM haiN| 18. kharataragaccha ke sudRr3ha stamna aura ananya bhakta haiN| ina jJAnavRddha kI samAnatA meM baiThane vAlA kharataragaccha ke casurvidha saMgha meM Aja koI bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotA hai| 19. bar3A maMdira aura jaina bhavana, kalakattA, sammetazikhara tIrtha kameTI Adi bIsoM saMsthAoM se sambaddha haiM / unakI vyavasthA meM apane tana evaM samaya se yoga bhI dete haiN| kAkAjI zrI agaracandajo nAhaTA ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt bhaMvaralAlajI sAhava hatotsAhita najara Ate haiM / ye mAnate haiM ki 'mujhe nirdeza aura sakriya preraNA dene vAlA sAthI nahIM rahA' / isa kAraNa inakA mana ucATa-sA bhI rahane lagA hai| anta meM gurudeva se maiM yahI prArthanA karatA hU~ ki ve zrI bhaMvaralAlajI sAhaba meM Antarika zakti sphurita kareM jisase ki yaha jJAnavRddha dIrghakAla taka svastha rahatA huA pUrvavat sAhitya-sevA meM tanmaya rahe aura dharmiSThoM evaM sAhitya-seviyoM kA mArgadarzaka banA rhe| isI zubhAzaMsA ke sAtha zraddhA sumana arpita karatA huuN| -mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara [53

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prataka takatA TaaHASHA niiupmaardhnptibhiidhraa| - - - - LAA .... rAnabhakomona ramaniyA prabhAvita crnn| savibhiaMganAradika harAyA, mAdinsiyalamapinAzakanamanamazaraNa karaNa AdhArabhavamalayAne ekahAro prabhU aJcalamAlI nirvikArI rayA cho|' pralayakAlavAyubhAkharIne claaye| magi kirA nicitracitrita rAjatA siNhaasne| samyakaprakAra manAmakAre gANedAra vibhAga paNUniSprakanikaculA rahe sthira (15 // bhagavAna zrIRSabhadevasvAmI banAyanamApani vimlgaayogyo| XudamAcalenina aMgamAlI bhAsatA kpijrmte|| kanakarmA Adi jitanI kAmakAtA dekha majanAmA duuutyo| mibila pUrAyedaroDA. nayI pAlo paNa maMkArA pagokanA mhimaamyii| melonja na prakAra javanI mAladAra dekhine|... svaparakAzIjJAna jyotItamAsa.. prati hAmIlagAya jAnane tvarita karata nirbhayA // 29 // stagAsnAbhahuMbhayogyatA svaupekhine 2 // svAna sameATaka mAme jeza janamaraNAcA jnymaanjemjnmaaneysyaamdhe| asmrykaavaagraaddaalnaa||16|| Xya po tema manuneguja-yAmara dulirAcA dhanaHnirlajamamamAyA gujaakiNcitkye| sadostiprakAzIsUrya toasta yAne, zAza-samanvanamAridhAratamI pare sushobhto| JAjanizaya-garikArye aanntpryyo| praseAhanene meSamAnta paNA jAtiharthatImuMvarNavyo AkAvya manamosto // 3 // miThosanagoAnAsamoinanakSamAcca rkssyo||3|| kSetra sImA prakAzI sUryanIAmA! zisamucala patraM traya ravitApasarva nivAratA / guNaratnamIriyAbhamAle koNagarNana kari raayaa| nuamIna mahinA opanA nayo jenI 17n K motiyonIlaDobhAvejo'zobhAyAtA, asamaya suragutApapuNajJAnagarimA sUjana jagata svAmI nAyanI aizvaryatA prgaantaa| iregI // karamAntajApAmoDamanIyasAgara aannto| KmatihAryacaumuMAdi jinanumAnatuMga batapatA // 31 // mohamahAaMdhakAra nArAka prabhu shriiaabhuuraa| nilabhulAodhotarI mukhavIrIte maagto| bhadosti ajnyaanvaarkbhujkmlkaatiniidhraa|| kIdevotaNAvAce gaMbhIrasara msNgntii| hamapanamArobhaktidhoucathayo muninaadhno| dizAmAdiginanIbasomayA gAna tArasapAyana gubhogAyadhIzakti jo saapjii| zAmilatedhana bhayomIrajAparitajA....sabhanIjayaghoSaNA sAratatIsarAnI motizAjarAtiNanAtyAMnA gogii| upamAnachAjeM praanaMta guNaaghi adIrAno prAtarAya paMcana suro sarerAmA (32 // zizumacAnAne saurasAne himmatakarIziyathaI / halizamukha caMdrahAro pnimayUjanavaratana.. DXmecavaraNI sannadrASTra mhaapaarijaataadinii| bhUta jJAnAne mukAbaleparikAmapAvanA bhane / tyA rAtimAzaziharaannaliriktarotavyaninananAdimeka giriupanela vRrivaaribhii| bhako tabhArI stavana karanA mAnagobhirakaraNe pAnelazAlita mA jyAna meghu nAsukAma ma mIzaraNAtuzobhatI nimapaMcAgIbANA khirii| visaMta tumabhaMgarI mukurita taNA prtaapNthii| mAyalaTakAkarIjana matamojI aavaajyo| kArokarejAvapi raNa simazItatAmadhekA (17SIKAtaMhAyabara sugaMdhitamamussujana ne 13mI bhivacamaNapaparAmA nibaddha nikAcita paapnaa| maNiratnamAMjyabhAvyajyoti prakAzamAna rahe rhaa| tivata amita su-yoti sonina mAmalA kamAcakaTako sImAmalikapapariNata yA kSaNabhAtra mAzayayAya nigalabanakaratAMAphnA goTisarana zazisunibhita tejazItata jatighaNo / nizijagAcyA nimirano jinaaNmaartiiudyyo| Kng " svapara sakArAka jAnabhAnu:ApaNa mrtv| aMdhakAra savinA jagatena na sohAmA ."""7... hArivAziva yAdinamalatonAtevoKANXN Mmatamopratijhakajanavarata Nya samathana bAra nayI kazI limayaijAjAbhiyanI 4 / / 31 mATodhayo mesAmaRIArakAramaNa zastrAstracamake nIrajanaapadame utsaahthii|" hArarArika devadayAthIsaMtuSTipAyA premajalakaNnalinina Upara paDalAmotosamA!.. svapana batAnArodhanUtatva kadhago dimarAnatulanA kamA~ vItarAmArasAyaka devAya tinalIgadha mhArA nirasane aNagamA vIvikaTa maamidurjeymaapjplhe| na maansshbhaassaaklnaasrltaako| bhalu guNata-gATajonama pratejanAbha bhulAma guNaparatApatho sujanagaNonAmanA bharaNanIAsarole dukhakadopaNanAva 143 utkRSTa racanA pati mI AbhAvazeSamanA kharedI bhavabhanAMtara anya nionusAdIza.zetI savabhAvAtrA sarva bhASAtparzalAro jinopdraahiyere||35|| moTA magaramAdimyAva lAparayAmA virohajArosta masUtAparNasamArAdhanA. BdhAra bhaganAnanyAvyA svaNakamalAsabare nabAsinomayaanenAnAkoDAgavAna kiraNauSAkAlanI paDatAkamata nikasitadhayA! niyo janmamApyo anyasta jotIratyakSa govA elI vyanaspita satadevAnakAre / gamaga karanAlAhagojAtA sarasaptATiM zividizimAjyAdhaNAnArAyara nahAnAti na rAja eka atizA naravakAtitadhAranA nunAmazaraNajyaTana tarala nimmAviidall paNasUrya ne uphanAvanAcI dizIja samaryAKM. rAgabhAganaladarAdinA mahAvikarAlAmA ma sIdhezapatnIparama garimAmayadhamaga nivAratI sAmunIjana mubhImanamoApane ramtamAnAgharA samanamA sanauzaraNeme vibhUti'virAjata" "47 21 pAraNe vibhUti'virAma mArasahapIDAjInita pahAnA bhajJAnatmanezanakArImAnatA sUrajalA zanAnIpaNa risrAhibhAri pratibhAva AhIzaprabhuparamAtA , razanAnIpaNa risrAdibhAra pratibhAnavatA Apale nAbhI mAmaya mRtyu nuskhAyA. bhaktiprayogathI madana tulyasampamAna IjAgata rogayA~umal ya noanyAbhAva padamArgapaNaanerI thaAMtArAgoM mIcamakarAMnI tArAgo mIcamaka paramAtunIzIbarAbarIpagahAya vImA klmdhliikrnaa| milI janatamArAguNa gAvAhanirAdhama kre| " karitAkenakAzaneaMdhakAra nanita zarI13000casIjAyajayAjogAne nividdheliibNdhnaa|| animamanayanA daline prarUpIjA nAmamA adhyayanaanRpaApaArthiyamasaravya prasAramA kAravaranA kapale vireka maga malA svomanuja mazahAronAma jApa kare shaa| niraMkaanekavamana.mAmavatuyoga vApata thAtaairAvatabahAcA sinatA jAnakAlapatabhayarAhatajAmako tadA amalAtaapa ayazrInina TXetA bhayAnaka sthAna mAnava bhktjnniyrhe| bhaanmtsiNhdaavaajlaarijaagknncaariilnnaa| babImArIbApadAyakatama nicalanudA saMgrAmadArepanimAromojadarAdinA vaNakalAkalyANakara zaMkara tama paNa kAragayaapanA amtamAna sthira rh||30 TakArAmAranA pg-assttpprkhnaa| zivamAnAcinAvibhAnA sarIrItemApa LXOmonabhasthalAkSaNamAta maanvidaartaa| litAthI saraDela makAna karatA staranaAdIrAnAbhatobadhAnabhayadhayAani lithI saraDela muktA bhUnimA virvraavtaa| |utamohamapukamajanama kapAttanapUrNa aap25||Vaasvaangptiyunn lobha vipitrajita raNasumana thI vikarAvanIzA mhii| jagadananA ciMtA nivAraka nAyalane jAnA AkamananarabharaNa yuginIsa jeshrnntaa||39|| atiparicaranAninarAnajAkaraThayA. saphala bhUtala raNajitarAjatAne jamana / KApralayavAnA prerita akhi maasholaaudde| mAlatuMgasubha racanA prabhAvakakala prhaa| trijaga nA rezmayaslAmIyatanAma daanaamgsrvsvbhkssiikhaatedhiikunnbhidd| jalAzekSaka bhAra nAraka janazrananamana KHAla vaarisiiyaamljnnibhyr| namAmAtAnApasapyapadakanabhaMgarakahanA nizAhArAhatyamA guNasko mAnIvasyA XAdIrAjanunA naammotmaanishiitltaalaa||4.11. kilarA bhimAnIkana yasmA DXpika kaNTha jano nAyakaleM phaga uDAna Avalo!" disahasama'tisarSamAtikatadinIyAdisaptali upajAti , KphakArakaratolAta aura bhayaMkaNabhAnato vimala gutamArA rAmacandrajyotsnA.. NisahajAnaMsvata jina bhktinaaaaveshaa|| stotra bhaktAmara laNIgujarArA matapaya XnIstomaraktatAra-cANararavAnAdhasya janamAnAma loknaa| jyApta 12434rgoucoagaakronitsdaa| mAbhyAsassalanAbaMdhAvinakSatmya/07 nirmAbavicaranAkAra aTakAvatArA... kAlIbA maaNbisurtjmniyrsrvt|| XmyUbA avatIbhojarAjamaNI PANnavatAtA anemArakaramasAhacavamAzibhaktAmara gurjara bhASAbakAyaM saMpUrNa viracita Azrayasthala eka AdIzasvAmI / napA nikasAbabAderAnA kirnnoaaptaa| KgrAma bhAmenaronAsaha cAlariktanAhaTAnAdAlanamAkAkatAnagara, pratisaya mata mumukSonAkarmadalanekApa 26 pApA nAri sktetvihii||42|| sa.2.30mitImArIkaSNahatiyokajAtAI bhamena kalmANamastudeva guruprasAda zrI karArIsakA nAsuprabhAasnet PanAyAvatAnAnA zarada SHALImAdhAdAtAmA tribhuvanassa hinch timanAvahArIsatkarathIpApa jasaMhadarAjakA driitaayojnshliisuurynaasuprbhaav| bhagavanayApanArAka snona nirnymaav9|| triNabhuvana nAbhUSaNasamAnAyajApa shrmprdaa| zugaprazaMsakamata nevasamAna pdaataasdaa|| paNanamArIkiyaicchana kmsmkksstaa| anaMtaguNa aiznayAlIAdinAya jAM ?ot nimalozaka saMtugijaMtara ttreabhiraamnaa| kSIrasAgara nIrAmUlapAna karikulavaNabhayA jatapAjanInAMchAkarejamA smaacaabhy| paramANujI utanarAja sakalacaudara rAjA vIjaniyAkoja zurUpavAna nizasamma nadIdhaIbenoiscAMdA-zrIjinarAja nayAmale nirakSarobhaSTayAyAyamama 125 suranagaramAMjadalAtamAta mukhara nAgaloka anupama vasne sahapratiyogitA mAnalA zAzakalaMkinAna mukhamadivasamA dekhgy| potayaNa palAza samavihIna jimatenAya 3720 avazaSkAra narahanAbhimAnabhIkara anyademAmAcagA aasyommnmridhaa| bIsabanobhAvanA bAmasAlimAra mukhmaan|| nAgabhanI naranAvanecase 1810 prathamAnyAsa sa kAcyaM saMpUrNa viracita, 'zrI bhaktAmara gUrjara bhASAbaddha kAvyam'-zrI bhaMvaralAlajI kI sUkSna akSara lekhana-kalA kA namUnA

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vyaktitva

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. . P.L. Nahatay tIrthakara bhUtti, zrI sUrajapahAr3a, gvAlapAr3A, asama zrI bhaMvaralAlajI kRte rekhA-citra

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BALAMA MEHERE BHARATI zrI bhavaralAlajI nAhaTA apane suputra pArasakumArajI va padamacandajI ke sAtha BEE SHES HARIHABAR EMES NAMASTHITENTrrever By

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zrI bha~varalAla nAhaTA -zAstrI zivazaMkara mizra jIvana svayaM eka sAdhanA hai aura siddhi kI pratIti bhii| jInA, jIne kI kAmanA aura jIneko jIvana kA lakSya banAye rakhanA, tInoM hI ceSTAyeM sAdhAraNa mAnava-jIvana meM sabhISTa hotI hai| para mahApuruSoM, cintakoM va manISiyoM ke jIvana kI kalAyeM inase sarvathA bhinna hotI haiN| vastutaH antara lakSya meM hai| jIne ke liye jInA eka alaga cIja hai, jIne ko zAzvata banAye rakhane kI sAdhanA alaga hai| isI pravRttigata bheda meM mAnavajIvana kI sAdhanAvidhAoM meM bhI antara ho jAtA hai| bhautika sukha kI khoja meM vyasta jIvana ke kriyAkalApa aura AdhyAtmika sukha kI siddhi kI sAdhanA tathA sAmAjika sukha-samRddhi kI kAmanA ko pratiphalita karane kI rasasAdhanAoM meM paryApta antarAla hotA hai, parantu kucheka karmayogI aise bhI hote haiM, jo bhautika, AdhyAtmika va sAmAjika sabhI sukhoM ke prayAsa meM sAmaMjasya banAye rakhane meM saphala hote haiM / aise mahAmAnava prAyaH virale hI hote haiM / prArabdha inake liye hastAmlakavat hotA hai| ye saMcita karma ke prAtimajJAna ke dhanI hote haiM aura isIliye inake kriyamANa karma inheM sazakta banAye rakhane meM samartha hote haiN| aise virala karmaTha vyaktiyoM kA jIvana prAyaH Atmonmukha hI hotA hai kyoMki Asakti meM inakI AsthA nahIM hotI, kevala karma hI atha hotA hai aura vahI iti bhii| sammAna, yaza aura pratiSThA inake mogya nhiiN| zraddhA aura Adara inako deya hai. grAhaya nahIM / sambhavatayA isIliye zreya aura prema donoM hI inheM DhaMr3hate phirate haiN| samAja kI sajaga cetanAyeM inake samakSa svayaM zraddhAvanata hotI haiM aura inheM apanI kRti kA suyaza prApta karane kA sahasA avasara prApta ho jAtA hai| apanI svAbhAvika anubhUtiyoM ko abhivyakta karane kA jo mujhe avasara milA hai, usakI pratIti ke AdhAra 'zrI nAhaTA-bandhu haiN| DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne zrI agaracanda nAhaTA aura zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA ko isI nAma se pukArA hai aura inakI dena ko vijJApanarahita sAhitya-sAdhanA kI amara pravRtti kI saMjJA dI hai| merA apanA samparka donoM hI cintakoM se rahA hai| Apa donoM cAcA aura bhatIje haiN| eka sAdhanA hai to dUsarA siddhi / inake pUraka prayatna itane mizrita haiM ki "ko bar3a chATa kahata aparAdha. gaNi guNa doSa samujhihahiM sAdhU". mahAtmA tulasIdAsa kI vinamra prArthanA hI sahAyaka ho pAtI hai| vaise eka kAraNa hai to dUsarA kArya, eka pratIti hai to dUsarA pratiphalana, eka jJAna hai to dUsarA bhakti yA mahAprANa nirAlA ke zabdoM meM eka vimala hRdaya ucvAsa hai to dUsarA kAntakAminI kavitA kA pratIka / phalataH jIvana, jIvana kI vidhi, usakI gati va jIvana kI samasta sArabhUta prakriyAoM meM abheda samAnatA inheM pRthak rUpa meM nahIM dekha sktii| vaise sevya-sevaka bhAvanAoM meM jo ekarasatA hai. vaha anivArya rUpa se inameM aMta-prota hai| zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ke vyaktigata, sAmAjika, sAhityika va AdhyAtmika jIvana kI jhA~kI yaha maiM prastata karane jA rahA hai| prastuta Akalana aMtaraMga sAhacarya ko kahA~ taka sajIva banA sakegA. sahadaya pAThakoM kI

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. prajJAcakSu hI ise vizvAsa de skegii| isa gambhIra cetanA puMja, sarasvatI ke varadra-putra ke jIvana kA jitanA bhI aMza sAkAra ho sakegA. utanI apanI samajha, zepa apanI alpajJatA kI vivazatA hI hogii| zAstra kahatA hai--- "kvacit-salvATa nirdhanam" yaha dhana-sampatti bhogopakaraNa bhI ho sakate haiM aura vidyA-buddhi, yaza, mAna, jJAna aura bhakti bhI prazasta lalATa, mAMsala skaMdha, vistRta vakSasthala, ghanI mUMcheM nirmala dRSTi tathA cintana zIla mukuTi vilAsa Apake prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva ke pratIka haiM. rIti-nIti paramparA ke pariveza meM atIta ke ujjvala va tapasyArata maharSi ke ojase AmAsita bhavyarUpa sahaja AkarSaka bana jAtA hai / lakSmI Apako pyAra detI hai aura sarasvatI prAtaHkAlIna sanIra ke samAna dulAra tathA zakti svayaM anavarata adhyavasAya kI satat preraNA meM dattacitta rahatI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA anuzAsana Apako Atmabodha detA hai aura sadguru sahajAnandaghana kI dIkSA Apako Atnabala / saMyana ApakA AcaraNa hai aura adhyayana Apako AtmaniSThA niSkAma karma Apane sAkAra huA hai aura dhyAna va dhAranAoM kI saMgati ne Apake bhItara aura bAhara kI anubhUti aura kRtiko samanvita kara rakhA hai| nirmala citta, vimala mAnasa tathA tapaHpUta AcaraNa jisa durlabha vyaktitva kA nirmANa kara sake haiM. vaha anyatra durlabha hai / Azcarya yaha hai ki nitAnta Atmonmukha hokara bhI ApakA sAmAjika jIvana itanA vyasta hai ki antarvirodha ke kAraNa bhI kAraNoM kA AdhAra cAhate haiN| sambhavatayA dodha kI sthiti meM vyakti vyakti na rahakara samAja ho jAtA hai| samarasatA zAyada samadRSTi kI amara sAdhanA kA hI phala hotI hai / kahate haiM ki anubhUti kI tIvratA hI abhivyakti kI AdhArazilA hotI hai aura isIliye saMvedanazIla prakRti sAdhAraNIkaraNa ke Avega ke prabala pravAha ko roka nahIM pAtI. aura isIliye ApameM avarodha nahIM asvIkAra nahIM / jo kucha hai sahaja hai, sarala hai, grAhaya hai aura anukaraNIya hai / eka dhanImAnI aura samRddha parivAra ne Apako janma diyA hai / abhAva ke saMsAra se dUra, bhAvanAoM ke saMsAra meM AtmavizvAsa ke caraNa satat gatizIla rahe haiN| isakA pradhAna kAraNa eka vRhat parivAra kI saMyukta va samanvita pavitra preraNA, paricaryA tathA pAvana paramparA hI rahI hai / artha, dharma aura kAma ke liye jIvana kabhI vyagra nahIM huaa| pUrvaja karmaTha the| pitA zrI bhairudAnajI tathA pitRvya zrI zumarAjajI megharAjajI va agaracandajI kI chatra-chAyA meM sAdhanA aura siddhi ko bhautika saMtuSTi Apako tInoM hI puruSArthoM ko sulabha banA rakhI thI / Aja bhI vahI vAtAvaraNa banA rahA hai| pitAmaha zrI zaMkaradAnajI kI vyAvahArika evaM vyApArika kuzalatA Apako nidvaMdra, nirbhIka evaM nirApada banAne meM sahAyaka huIM hai yaha asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / itane bar3e kuTumba meM vyApta pUjya pUjaka bhAvanAoM kI dhArmika hita Aja ke veyakti parivAroM kI duniyA meM ammara nahIM to durjana avazya hai / arthopArjana va karmabhoga kI svAbhAvika gati meM dharma-sAdhanA kA maNikAMcana saMyoga bhI Apake parivAra kI hI vizeSatA rahI hai / sAdhu-samAgama, tIrthATana, japa, tapa, dAna va mandira nirmANa, dhArmika utsavoM ke avasara para sakriya dhArmika kRtya Adi tyAga, saMyama va aparigraha kI manovRtti parivAra ke pratyeka prANI ke lie abhISTa hai / phalataH kartavya niSThA ke sAtha-sAtha ApakI prakRti meM saujanya, kulInatA tathA nirabhimAnI vyAvahArika, sAmAjika va dhArmika cetanA kA samanvaya milatA hai to Azcarya nahIM, varan saMtoSa hI hotA hai| Apa kuladIpaka haiM, parivAra kI maryAdA haiM, apane samAja ke prakAza stambha haiM aura apane jIvana kI jyoti hai jo aneka janma-saMsiddhi ke rUpa meM Apako anAyAsa salama 5]

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vastutaH merA apanA paricaya sarvaprathama zrI pArasakumAra se huA thA / ye pUrNatayA ApakI pratikRti haiN| "AtmA va jAyate putraH" kI pratIti to mujhe Apake sAnnadhya se ho prApta huI hai| parama suzIla, saMyamI, samya va pUrNa vyAvahArika putra, jo sampatizAlI kahe va mAne jAne vAle varga ke parivAroM meM khojane se hI prApta ho sakate haiM. mujhe yaha AbhAsa de diyA thA ki dhana kI paridhi meM bhI dharma ke kendra bindu, mAnavatA, sajjanatA, sahRdayatA kA abhAva nahIM hai| ThIka yahI bhAva mujhe priya anuja zrI harakhacanda ke sAhacarya se jJAta huA / mujhe ve Apake pUraka pratIta hue / bhautika evaM AdhyAttika prakRti ke advitIya samanvaya, jahA~ A~suoM kI kImata hai, virAga kA rAga hai aura hai anurAga meM viga kI adbhuta jhalaka / hAkhacandajI sambhavatayA AMsU aura muskAna ke bIca kI kar3I haiN| dharma unakA sahAyaka hai, artha unakI preraNA hai aura kAma unakI sRSTi kA saMsthAna / zIla aura saMkoca jo Adara aura sammAna kI bhUmikA adA karate haiM, Apa donoM bhAiyoM ko Izvarapradatta haiM / merA tAtparya mAtra itanA hI hai ki zrI bhaMvaralAla jI kI paridhi itanI zAnta va manohara hai, itanI sarjanazIla va prabhutAvihIna hai ki aisI paristhiti meM hI unake sampUrNa guNoM ko parakha ho sakatI hai / satya, ahiMsA, asteya va aparigraha Adi jainadharma ke mUla-bhUta siddhAntoM kI vistata vyAkhyAyeM haiM. vividha pariNatiyA~ haiM / sAdha va gRhastha-dharmoM ke pRthak-pRthaka AcaraNa bhI haiN| vidhi-niSedha kI vibhinna maryAdAoM kI bhI sImAya nahIM haiN| lekina satat jAgarUka vyakti mata-matAntaroM, dArzanika-vivAdoM evaM vidhi-niSedhoM se Upara hotA hai| siddhAnta vastutaH AcaraNa kI maryAdA nirdhAraNa karane meM sahAyaka hote haiM / ve svayaM AcaraNa nahIM hote phalataH vizvAsoM meM tarka, siddhAnta ke nirNaya ke lie gauNa bana jAte haiN| kartavya zraddhA cAhatA hai aura AcaraNa sAmAjika vishvaas| yA thor3A Upara uThane para hama kaheMge ki AcaraNa AtmavizvAsa cAhatA hai jisameM para kA bhI samAna astitva hotA hai| vastutaH paramparA nirvAha anya vastu hotI hai aura kartavyaniSThA alaga / yadi kahIM donoM kA sammizraNa upalabdha hotA hai to vaha adbhuta hotA hai| isIliye sAdhAraNa vyaktatva se vaha vyaktitva vizeSa ho jAtA hai aura use hama mahAna AtmA kahane ko bAdhya hote haiN| zrI bha~varalAlajI meM jainadharma sAkAra dRSTigocara hotA hai / jahA~ jo kucha hai. manasA-vAcA-karmaNA hai, dvidhA nahIM aura isIliye dvidhA ke prati Aveza bhI nahIM / Akroza nahIM aura na hI zikAyata hI hai kyoMki AcaraNa meM kiphAyata najara nahIM aatii| yahA~ paramparA hai / paramparA kI AnubhUtika dharohara hai| tarka aura siddhAntoM ke manana kI cintanadhArA hai. vizvAsa aura zraddhA hai| terApaMtha bhI unake liye utanA hI sahaja vodhya hai, jitanA mandira maarg| yahA~ dharma bAhyADambara nahIM jitanA dikhAvA hai. vaha lokAcAra hai| phalataH ApakI sAdhanA ekAMgI nahIM, sarvAgINa hai / muni jinavijaya tathA muni kAMtisAgara, kRpAcandasUri aura zrI sukhasAgarajI. muni puNyavijaya, zrI harisAgarasUri, maNisAgarasUri, kavIndrasAgarasUri ke satsaMga ne Apako dharma-cetanA dI hai to muni nagararAja, muni mahendrakumAra 'prathama', jaise vyaktitva ne Apako apanA sneha diyA hai| buddhigamya-grahaNa ApakI mAnasika pukAra hai, saMskAra-janya svIkAra Apake hRdaya kI / nayana kI bhIkha bhaMvaralAlajI ko anukUla hai. para antazcetanA kI pAvana dhArA, jisameM ApakA mana avabhRtha snAna karatA hai, vahA~ ApakA eka alaga astitva bhI hai| usa mAnasatIrtha meM sabake liye samAna sthAna hai| anekAntavAdI vicAradhArA hI Apake ekAnta va sArvaja naka cintana kA mArga prazasta kara sakI hai| sadguru zrI sahajAnandajI, jinheM dekhane va sanane kA ekabAra majhe aura jo Apake dIkSAguru bhI haiN| mujhe yaha likhane kA sAhasa dete haiM ki bhaMvaralAlajI mana aura vANI se apane guru [ 59

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kI mukta anubhUti ke kAyala haiN| zrI sahajAnandajI zuddha buddha anubhUta yoga ke pratIka zramaga rahe haiN| unameM dharmoM kA, bhAratIya darzanoM kI, aura bhAratIya naitika jIvana mUlyoM kI adabhuta samanviti rahI hai| bha~varalAlajI meM jo gaurava hai, vaha guru kA hai. parivAra kA hai, pUrvajoM kA hai aura hai lokAcAra kA maryAdita va svIkRta sNyog| spaSTataH yaha manISI mahAmAnava samudra kI taraha guru-gambhAra hai| samasta saMsAra kI vicAra-saritA isa mahAsAgara meM nimajjita hokara isameM ekarasa ho cukI hai| lagatA hai, bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI "mitto me savvabhUesu vairaM majjhaM na keNaI" ne hI Apako Atithya kI kAmanA dI hai| atnakalyANa, loka maMgala tathA vizvajana hitAya ke jainAnuzAsana kA sArvabhauma udghoSa ApakA abhISTa hai, isIliye ApakI dharnadRSTi udAra hai| karuNA aura dayA Apake upajIvya AdhAra haiN| dharma yadyapi zodha-vizya nahIM hai, mAtra vizvAsa hI usakA zodha hai jise attanirIkSaNa yA AtmavizleSaNa kahA jAtA hai, phira bhI Apako sajaga cetanA paramparA aura satya ke bIca sAmaMjasya sthApita karane meM satat saMlagna rahI hai| satya yaha hai ki kAlabheda se matabheda hotA hai aura matabheda se manabheda / yahI manabheda vikalpa ko janma detA hai aura vikalpa asamaMjasa kI sthiti meM mAnava cetanA ko asthira banA detA hai jise krAnti kA dharAtala kaha lete haiN| yahIM dvidhA utpanna hotI hai| phalataH vicAroM meM saMtulana raha nahIM pAtA aura vAda-vivAda kI sthiti vyakti, samAja, rASTra va antarrASTra-mana ko vicalita kara detI hai| yaha sArI sthiti kAlabheda ko lekara calatI hai| kAla svayaM baMdhatA hai kSaNoM meM, ghaMToM aura dinoM meM, mAsa aura varSoM meM aura phira yugoM aura zatAbdiyoM meN| zAyada isIliye sAmAjika cetanA ke pratIka dharma ke avirala vibhAjya-vinduoM ke pravAha ko kAla bhI nahIM pacA pAtA hai kyoMki mahApuruSoM aura kAlapurupa ke isI antardvandva ke zodhana kI AvazyakatA manISiyoM va cintakoM kI kAlajayI medhA, sadA anubhava karatI rahI hai| atIta ko vartamAna aura bhaviSya ko bhI sajaga vartamAna banAne kI sAdhanA kitanI stutya hai, yaha manISI pAThaka hI vicAra kreNge| maiMne to isa vyaktitva kI ceSTAoM kI pratIti ke liye apanI anubhUti bhara vyakta kI hai| bhaMvaralAlajI kI antaSTi itanI sUkSma rahI hai, jitanI kAla kI gti| isIliye isa maunacintaka kI prajJA sadA vAtAvaraNa-sApekSya hote hue bhI bikharI huI dharma kI kar3iyoM meM vyAmoharahita gAMTha bAMdhatI calI AyI hai| ve kahA karate haiM ki vedA vibhinnAH smRtayo vibhinnAH naiko muniya'sya matirna bhinnaa| dharmasya tattvaM nihitaM guhAyAM mahAjano yena gataH sa panthAH / / Apa aDiga haiM, nizcala haiN| sacamuca vijJApana-rahita haiN| apane vizvAsoM ko hI jIvana ke naitika mUlyoM kA AdhAra mAnate Ae haiN| yadA-kadA aise avasaroM para jaba ve Alocya bane haiM, inhoMne kahA hai ki bhatRhari ThIka kahate haiM : nindatu nIti-nipuNA, yadi vA stuvantu lakSmIH samAvizatu gacchatu vA yatheSTam / adyava vA maraNamastu yugAntare vA nyAyyAt pathaH pravicalantipadaM na dhIrAH / / adhyayana, cintana, manana, adhyavasAya va nididhyAsana, Apake jIvana ke sthira citra haiN| sadguru sAtha haiM. jainAnuzAsana pAsa meM hai. avicala niSThA hai. phalataH inameM vikalpa nahIM, dvidhA nahIM, eka bodha hai| prANavAn vizvAsa hai| kyoMki Apake lie dharma sAdhana aura siddhi donoM hI hai / pramANa ke lie abhI-abhI eka jIvanta prazna para Ake vicAra dekhane ko mile haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke divya prayANa ke pAvana sthala pAvApurI ko lekara eka 60]

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vivAda uTha khar3A huA hai / kanhaiyAlAlajI sarAvagI kI isa viSaya meM eka pustaka mujhe bhI par3hane ko milI thii| maiMne bhavaralAlajI se prazna kiyA thA ki Apako isa viSaya meM kyA sammati hai? Apane spaSTa uttara diyA-"bhAI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI 2500vIM jayaMtI manAne kA bhArata sarakAra ne nizcaya kiyA hai| yugapuruSa ekadezIya nahIM hote. unakA Adeza samasta saMsAra ke lie hotA hai| unake janna aura nirvANa ke sthAna ke nirNaya. vizuddha aiti. hAsika va purAtAttvika prazna haiN| isa para ekAntika vicAra karanA kisI bhI sampradAya ke liye ucita nhiiN| merA to apanA khyAla hai ki hajAroM varSoM se loka-zraddhA madhyama pAvA, jo bihAra prAnta meM sthita hai. ko hI prabhu kA prayANasthala samajhakara apanI bhakti prakaTa karatI A rahI hai| isalie rAjanaitika yA nihita svArtha meM lipta kucheka varga yA sampradAya kI tAttvika vyAkhyA sAmayika lAbha ke liye hI hai| videzo vidvAnoM ne prAyaH bauddha tripiTakoM hI ko apane itihAsa-lekhana meM sahAyaka mAnA hai| jena-siddhAnta va jenAgamoM meM vyakta vicAra unheM ekAMgI najara Aye haiM, phalataH unakA nirNaya spaSTa nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki sampradAyagata vidveSa eka dUsare ko heya samajhane ko bAdhya haiN| merA apanA vicAra hai ki yadyapi loka-paramparA lokAcAra ke dvArA bihAra sthita madhyama pAvA kI yugapuruSa kI nirvANabhUmi ko apane vizvAsa kA kendra mAnatI AyI hai so hama usa loka maMgalamayI lokabhAvanA ke samakSa nata hone ko bAdhya haiM. hamArA itihAsa isake virUddha nahIM hai| Apane 'jaina bhAratI' meM eka nibaMdha likhakara isa bhrama ko asAmayika, atAtvika tathA anaitihAsika pramANita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| tAtparya yaha ki yaha manISI satya aura AcAra meM sAmaMjasya kA samarthaka hai| bhaMvaralAlajI zikSita aura dIkSita donoM hI haiN| para zikSA, jisa rUpa meM Adhunika yuga dvArA pramANita kiyA / jAtA hai, mAtra 5vIM klAsa taka kI hai| ise hara prAraMbhika yA prAimarI ejukezana kahA karate haiN| aMgrejI meM eka muhAvarA hai da thI Arsa ( The three R's ): likhanA, par3hanA aura hisAba-kitAba ( rIDiMga, rAiTiMga tathA rithameTika ) nitAnta aparyApta / para pratimA skUla, kAleja va yunivarsiTiyoM meM nirmita nahIM hotii| vaha janmajAta hotI hai| inake to peTa meM hI dAr3hI thii| pUrva janna ke pUta saMskAroM ne isa mahAn vyaktitva ko deza kI samasta bhASAe~ vistRta saMsAra kI mukta pAThazAlA meM sahaja meM hI, samaya aura abhyAsa ke abhyasta adhyApakoM dvArA par3hA dI haiM / vastutaH prAtibhajJAna svayaMbhU hote haiN| prArabdha aura kriyamANa karma jina saMskAroM ko janma dete haiM ve saMcita hote rahate haiN| usI saMcaya kI siddhi eka 'jIniyasa' ke rUpa meM pragaTa hotI hai| kucha to saMskAra, kucha vyaktitva kI abhirUci aura kucha vAtAvaraNa, sabhI ke pArasparika sahayoga ko pariNati eka aise viveka kA sRjana karatI hai, jise hama mAnasika zakti kahate haiM / yahI mAnasika zakti pratibhA ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| ise pramANapatra kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| yaha svayaMsiddha pramANapatra hotI hai / saMsAra kI zikSaNa saMsthAe~ inakI kAyala hotI hai| vidvat samAja inakA sammAna karatA hai| isalie ki pratibhA svayaM zuddha-buddhajJAna kI adhiSThAtrI hotI hai| vaha sAmAjika svIkRti kI apekSA nahIM rakhatI. pratyuta svIkAra ho svayaM usakI yogyatA svIkAra karane ko bAdhya hotA hai| saMskRta, pAlI, prAkRta, apabhraMza, avadhI, baMgalA, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI tathA hindI Adi samasta bhASAoM meM pAraMgata. prAcIna, brAhmI, kuTila Adi yuga kI bhASAoM kI satat parivartita lipiyoM kI vaijJAnika varNamAlA ke adabhuta jJAna ke abhyasta zrI bhaMvaralAlajI kI pratibhA ke kAyala, prAyaH inake sabhI antaraMga vidvAn mitra haiN| mUrtikalA, citrakalA, vAstukalA tathA lalitakalAoM kI ApameM parakha hai| ApakI abhiruci prAyaH bhASAzAstra, lipi-jJAna meM hai / [61

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phalataH purAtAttvika anusaMdhAna kI ora agrasara hone meM ApakA liMgvisTika eproca paryApta sahAyaka huA hai| na jAne kitane jJAta-ajJAta granthoM kI pratilipiyA~ jo viziSTa vidvAnoM se lauTakara AyIM, bIkAnera ke apane saMgrahAlaya meM upasthita haiN| anusaMdhAna aura zodha hetu anekAneka durlabha citrakalAoM ke namUne, vAstu va mUrtikalA kI prAmANika pratimAe~, amUlya prAcIna granthoM kI pratilipiyA~ Apane saMgraha kI haiM, dekhane mAtra se isa nara-ratna kI prakRti kA paricaya prApta ho jAtA hai| purAtattva va nRtattva-vijJAna ke atirikta itihAsa-zodhana kI prakRti ne bhI ApakA jhukAva zilA. lekhoM kI ora unmukha kiyA hai| prAyaH sabhI zilAlekhoM kI, cAhe prAcInatam hI kyoM na hoM, lipi par3hane va usakA ucita artha lagAne meM Apako kiMcit mAtra bhI kaThinAI nahIM pdd'tii| atIta ke garbha meM mAnava ajita jJAna kI saMcita rAzi ko DhUMr3ha kara bAhara nikAlane meM Apane jo samaya-samaya para sahAyatA kI hai. vaha stutya hai| prAcIna saMskRti va sabhyatA ke vista tathyoM ke saMgraha karane kI inakI prabala AkAMkSA ne inheM gahana adhyayana kI abhiruci pradAna kI hai| rAjanItijJa, sAmAjika va sAMskRtika paristhitiyoM kI samAjazAstrIya vizleSaNAtmaka cintana-dhArAne hI Apake atIta aura vartamAna ke bIca sAmaMjasya-saMsthApana meM yogadAna kiyA hai / pAThaka loga jijJAsu avazya hoMge ki Akhira isa aparicita jJAna ke upajIvya srota kyA haiM? ApakI bahujJatA va tathya-saMgrahakAriNI pravRtti ke mUla srota kyA haiM ? prazna svAbhAvika hogaa| nizcaya hI vyaktitva vyaktigata aura vAtAvaraNa kI zakti ke saMtulana kA pariNAma hotA hai| vastutaH bhaMvaralAlajI pitRvya zrI agaracandajI ke Agraha ke pariNAma haiN| unake AjJApAlana kI utkaTa abhilASA ke kriyAnvayana meM apanI zakti kA upayoga kara Apane apanA svataHnirmANa kiyA hai| jijJAsA unakI, kArya inakA | vicAra unake aura lekhanI inakI / bhAvanA unakI aura pratIti inko| isaprakAra bhakti. zraddhA, vinarA, AjJAkAritA tathA apanI svAbhAvika ruci kI sammilita-sAdhanA ke pariNAmasvarUpa zrI bhaMvaralAlajI va zrI agaracandajI jJAna kI abhISTa pyAsa ke sarovara banate gaye haiM / viSayavastu ke bhAvapakSa ke jijJAsu kAkAjI ke kalApakSa aura kabhI bhAvapakSa ke rUpa meM. Apane kalA kI sAkAra pratimA kA nirmANa apanI anavarata lekhanI se kiyA hai| kahate haiM vedavyAsajI kI abhivyakti ko li.pabaddha karane kI zakti kisI deva. zakti ko nahIM huii| kevala gaNezajI ne yaha bhAra grahaNa kiyaa| lekina gaNezajI ne yaha spaSTa kara diyA thA ki yadi Apa (vedavyAsajI) kahIM rukeMge to unakI lekhanI bhI baMda ho jaaegii| vedavyAsajI ne hA~ bhara lii| unhoMne kucha zlokoM ke pazcAt ekAdha zloka gUr3ha arthavAlA bolanA prArambha kiyA aura zrI gaNezajI se mAtra itanA hI kahA ki Apa artha samajha kara hI likheNge| gaNezajI gUDhArtha-zlokoM para ruka jAte aura taba taka kRSNadvaipAyana zrI vedavyAsa kI cintanadhArA navIna zlokoM kA nirmANa kara letii| yaha krama calatA rahA aura eka adbhuta vAGmaya kA nirmANa hotA rahA / kathA ke aMza meM kitanI satyatA hai. AjakA vaijJAnika vyakti zAyada na samajha pAye para phalitArtha samajhane meM vaha bhI bhUla nahIM karegA ki donoM mahAn the, donoM meM hI daivI zaktiyA~ thiiN| yahAM bhI bhAvapakSa jitanA abhivyakti ke liye vyAkula hai to kalApakSa bhI utanA hI Atura | donoM kI inTenziTI samAna hai aura tabhI savAGa maya kI sRSTi sambhava ho sakI hai| rAjasthAna ke ye do sajaga praharI kalA, jJAna, vijJAna, sabhyatA, saMskRti, dharma, nIti aura vyaktigata va sAmAjika jIvana ke mUlyoM kI khoja meM satat vyasta rahe haiN| yaha tRSNA burI nahIM hai| ye adhyavasAyI, svAdhyAyI, kAlakSepa ke pramAda se rahita haiN| inake samakSa : 62 ]

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bhogA na bhuktA vayameva bhuktAH, tapo na taptaM vayameva taptAH / kAlo na yAto vayameva yAtAH, tRSNA na jIrNA vayameva jIrNAH / / eka varadAna hai, nirAzAmaya abhizApa nahIM, kyoMki ye sraSTA ke zodhaka haiM tathA navIna sarjana ke kAraNa aura kArya donoM hI haiN| madhyadezIya saMskRti ke saMrakSaNa, poSaNa meM kisI prakAra kI bAdhA inheM priya nahIM huI hai| jaba kabhI kisI prakAra kA AkSepa AyA hai, bIkAnera kI dRSTi isa vyasta nagarI kI ora uThI hai aura saMketa mAtra ne bhaMvaralAlajI ke roma-roma ko jAgRta kiyA hai / itihAsa jAgRta huA hai. lipi navIna huI hai. vicAra vyavasthita hue haiN| vidvat-samAja kRtArtha huA hai / tAtparya yaha ki agaracanda ke bhaMvara, agara ke sugaMdha kA AbhAsamAtra pAkara gunagunAne lage haiN| bhaMvaralAlajI parAga ke premI haiN| inakA srota bIkAnera ke puSparAja zrI agaracanda haiM, inameM do mata nahIM ho sakate / kAkA aura bhatIje kI yahI daivI-zakti inake vAGmaya kI sRSTi karatI rahI hai| aisA hI huA hai aura isI vAtAvaraNa ne inake eka pRthak vyaktitva kA nirmANa kiyA hai| deza, kAla, paristhiti aura vAtAvaraNa prAyaH apanA sabhI alaga astitva rakhate haiM para jagat kI gati meM ve sAmUhika yogadAna dete haiN| rAjasthAna, baMgAla, AsAma, maNipura Adi pUrva se lekara pazcima paryanta tathA hampI se lekara AbU parvata tathA dakSiNI va pazcimI prAntoM ke dhArmika va sAhityika saMsthAna inake vicAra-binduoM ke avirala pravAha meM apane pada-ciha chor3ate gaye haiN| gaNamAnya vidvAnoM ke sAmayika sahayoga, samparka va sAhacarya ne inheM samutsuka kiyA hai. kartavya kI preraNA dI hai. adhyayana kI vidhA dI hai / jo vidvAn Apake samparka va sAnnidhya meM Aye haiM pAThaka svayaM vicAra kareMge ki isa manISI kA akSara-jJAna kitanA a-kSara hotA gayA hogaa| prasiddha purAtattvavettA muni jinavijaya ke Apa kRpApAtra haiN| muni kAntisAgarajI kA karmaTha jIvana inheM dulAra de sakA hai| tripiTakAcArya mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana inake nikaTa samparka meM rahe haiN| oriyanTala laiMgvejeja ke prasiddha vidvAna DaoN0 sunItikumAra caTarjI. DaoN0 sukunAra sena, DaoN0 gaurIzaMkara ojhA jaise bhASA-zAstrI lipi vizeSajJoM kA sAnnidhya Apako sambala detA rahA hai| priMsa Apha velsa myUjiyama ke DAyarekTara DaoN0 motIcanda Apake mitroM meM haiN| prasiddha vidvAna DaoN0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla se ApakA sambandha eka avidita kahAnI bana gayA hai| prasaMgavaza usakA ullekha kiyA jaayegaa| hindI sAhitya ke mUrdhanya vidvAn va Alocaka DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI. DaoN0 dazaratha zarmA tathA anya samasAmayika manISI-varga kA sneha va sauhArda Apako anAyAsa upalabdha hotA AyA hai| aba hama anumAna kara sakate haiM ki prAimarI zikSA samApta karane vAlA yaha bhAratIya cintaka kitanA zikSita. dIkSita va prAmANika jJAna kA svAdhyAyI dhanI hai aura isa dhana kI dharohara kA udgama sthAna kahA~ hai ? prakAzita pustakoM kI bhUmikA meM aMkita vidvAnoM kI sammatiyA~ ukta kathana kI sAkSI haiN| sthAna vizeSapara inakI carcA pAThakoM ko isa viSaya kI pratIti de skegii| vizvAsa hai prasaMgAta Apake lipi jJAna ke bAre meM DA0 sunIti kumAra caTarjI ke udgAra paryApta hoNge| mahAnubhAvI saMpradAya kA eka grantha hai "paavaapaatth"| grantha prAcIna nahIM. pratyuta 300 varSa pahale kI kRti hai| grantha marAThI meM likhA gayA hai para lipi usako sAMketika hai| agaracaMdajI ne usa pustaka ko deza ke jAnemAne vidvAnoM ke pAsa par3hane tathA usakA artha karane sAnurodha bhejA thA para pustaka veraMga vApasa lauTa aayii| aba bIkAnera kI pratibhAne kalakattA sthita apanI zaktikA smaraNa kiyaa| bhaMvaralAlajI ne lipi kI eka vargamAlA taiyAra kI aura grantha AdyopAnta pada ddaalaa| AvazyakatA huI ki vaijJAnika paddhati para lipi vijJAna ke mArgadarzaka, bhASAvaijJAnikoM dvArA apane paThana [63

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ke aucitya ko vizleSita kiyA jaae| bhaMvaralAlajI ne sunIti bAbUko vaha grantha dikhAyA aura par3hakara sunaayaa| sunIti bAbU ne ApakI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI aura kahA-"ApanI camatkAra kAja karechana / " sunIti bAbU ke hAthoM para zabda khelate haiM. bhASAeM unakI cerI haiM, vizruta vidvAn haiN| unakI yaha Azcarya bharI svIkRti isa mUka sadhaka ke jJAna kI avidita kathA hai| aise hI ekavAra zrI jinadattasUrikRta 'apabhraza-kAvyatrayI" kI vyAkhyA meM Aye eka prasaMga para bhaMvaralAlajI ne Apatti kI aura mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne apanI manaHsthiti ThIka kii| prasaMga thA 'vajjo karai buhArI buddddhii'| mahApaNDita ne artha kiyA thA 'ghara meM buDDhI aurateM jhArU dene kA kAma karatI haiN|' Apane likhA ki-'patA nahIM bhASA-marmajJa aura samAja-manovaijJAnika tathA prasiddha samAjaza.strI ne aisA kyoM likhA / padya to kahatA hai ki kajjo (kUr3AkarakaTa) buDDI (baddha, saMgaThita baMdhe hue) buhArI (jhADU ) se hI sambhava hai|' kucha aisI hI pacAsoM AnumAnika vyAkhyAoM kA pratyAkhAna isa prAcIna bhASA-narmajJa ne kiyA hai| 'DholAmArU dohA ke kaI sthaloM para kI gaI ucita Apatti nAgarI-pracAriNI patrikA meM aMkita hai| DaoN0 mAtAprasAda gupta jo ilAhAbAda yunivarsiTI ke eka ine - gine prAdhyApakoM meM rahe haiM, unhoMne hindI ke AdikAlIna granthoM, jo vizvavidyAlayIya ucca kakSAoM meM pAThya the, kI vyAkhyAeM prastuta kI, jaise hammIrAyaNa tathA vasaMtavilAsa joki inakI AlocanA ke kendra bana gaye haiN| vastusthiti yaha hai ki hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla jaina va bauddha mahAtmAoM, sAdhakoM va siddhoM kI pRSThabhUmi para khar3A hai| nAthapaMtha kI sAhityika dena bhI hindI ke liye eka stambha hai, jisane madhyakAlIna sAhitya ko pUrNa rUpa se prabhAvita kiyA hai| phalataH apabhraMza sAhitya kI vaijJAnika vidhAoM kI jAna kArI ke abhAva meM vastusthiti kA jJAna asambhava hai| zaurasenI prAkRta meM upalabdha samasta jJAna-garimA apabhraMza bhASA meM lipibaddha haiM aura yaha sArA vAGgamaya deza ke pazcimottara bhAga meM likhA gayA hai| phalataH AMcalika bhASAoM kI vAstavika parakha kiye binA hama tatkAlIna sAhitya ke prati nyAya nahIM kara sakeMge / rAjasthAna kI samasta AMcalika bhASA, loka-saMskRti tathA loka-bhAvanAoM ke kramika vikAsa ke lie yadi hama vijJAna ke ghisepITe niyamoM va siddhAMtoM kI kasauTI para kasate rahe to vaha hamAre ajJAna ke prayAsa kA vikalpa hI hogA / 1000 se lekara 1375 taka sampUrNa vAGgamaya ke sucAru rUpa se adhyayana ke lie tattaddezIya pratibhAoM ko hI adhikArI nirdezaka svIkAra karanA paDegA. anyathA vizvavidyAlayIya adhyApanazailI va zodha-praNAlI kevala siddhAnta bana kara raha jAyegI aura hama ajJAnAndhakAra meM A~kha mUMda kara TaTolane kI mAnya praNAlI para calane ke abhyasta ho jAyeMge / lokabhASA, lokAcAra kI bhAvanAoM se otaprota hotI hai, cAraNoM kI kRtiyoM ko mAtra bhASA-vaijJAnika hI nirNaya kara pAye, yaha tAtvika dRSTi se asambhava hai| yahI bAta siddhoM va yogiyoM kI abhivyaktiyoM ke prati lAgU hai| merA Agraha mAtra itanA hI hai sAhitya janamAnasa kA saMcita pratibimba hotA hai, phalataH janamAnasa kI bhAvanA jo sAmayika rasasAdhanA kA varcasva pAkara abhivyakta hotI hai usakI abhivyakti ko vidhA usake samparka va sAnnidhya meM rahane vAle vidvAna hI kara sakate haiM aura vahI mAnya bhI honA caahiye| dazavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt kA pazcimI bhArata vizeSatayA rAjasthAna aura uttarI bhArata (paMjAba, uttarapradeza, bihAra tathA baMgAla ) aitihAsika dRSTikoNa se utanA bhrAmaka nahIM honA cAhiye / tatkAlIna sAmAjika va sAMskR. tika pariveza bhI utane ghaMdhale nahIM haiN| phira bhASA ke prazna ko lekara 10vIM se 14vIM zatAbdI taka sAhitya-sajana ke prati bhrAmaka vicAroM kI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai? zaurasenI, mAgadhI tathA arddhamAgadhI prAkRta se niHsRta kSetrIya bhASAoM 64 ]

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vizeSa mudrA meM lekhana-rata zrI nAhaTAjI

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saparivAra zrI nAhaTAjI

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kI badalatI huI vyaMjanAzakti, dhvani, zabda tathA vAkyAMzo meM aMtara ko sthiti tattaddezIya vidvAnoM dvArA nirNati honI caahie| rAso granthoM ke viSaya meM rAmacandra zukla, zyAmasundara dAsa, rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA, DaoN0 dhIrendra varmA tathA DaoN0 bholAnAthajI ke vicAra asamaMjasa kI sthiti utpanna kara sakate haiM para DaoN0 motIlAla menAriyA, gaurIzaMkara ojhA tathA antataH DaoN0 dazaratha zarmA Adi vidvAnoM kI sammati kyoM na nirNAyaka mAno jAya / nAhaTA-bandhuoM ne isa dizA meM prAcInatama pratiyoM kI anekAneka pratilipiyA~ taiyAra karake jo stutya kAma kiyA hai. inakA yaha prayAsa isa dizA meM vizeSa sahAyaka huA hai| antaH aura bAhya-sAkSya kI prAmANika sthiti ke lie inakA amUlya sahayoga hindI sAhitya ke AdikAla ke lekhakoM, AlocakoM va manovaijJAnikoM ke liye varadAna siddha huA hai aura hotA rhegaa| ukta vicAra zrI bhaMvaralAlajI ne anekoM bAra vyakta kiyA hai. maiMne to prasaMgavaza unakI carcA kI hai| baMgalA aura mAgadhI ko lekara bhI yahI vivAda vidyApati ke viSaya meM carcA kA viSaya banatA rahA hai| merI samajha meM doSa Methodist Scholars ke mAnasa kI vikalpa sthiti kA hai| kisI viSaya kA prArambha hI vastutaH vivAdagrasta hotA hai. para usakI akSuNNa paramparA vivAdoM ko vAgjAla samajha kara tyAgatI rahI hai| nAhaTAvandhuoM ne AlocanA kI bhUmi dI hai, AlocanAeM kama kI haiN| sAhitya kA uddhAra kiyA hai, nirNaya kI pRSThabhUmi dI hai: yaha nirvivAda satya hai| sAhitya-sAdhanA karma aura jJAna-sAdhanA se pRthak nahIM rakhI jA sakatI kyoMki sAhitya-sAdhanA ke sAtha karma aura jJAna kA pUrA sammizraga hotA hai| phalataH abhivyakti cAhe svAntaH sukhAya ho yA bahujana hitAya, donoM meM antara nahIM hotaa| isaliye ki jo svAntaHsukhAya hai. vaha bahujana ke pariveza kA hI pariNAma hai| vyakti aura samAja kI AvazyakatAoM se sambandhita bhAvanAyeM hI abhivyakti ke mAdhyama se sAhitya kI saMjJA pAtI hai| ataH 'sva' aura 'para' ke jJAna kI preraNA kA phala karma yadi bhAvAnubhUti kI tIvratA ke pravAha ko sAhitya kI vidhA detA hai to sRjana ko prakRti tInoM hI manaHpravRttiyoM kI prakRti svIkAra kI jAnI cAhiye anyathA karmayoga va jJAnayoga donoM hI bhAvayoga se pRthaka kevala eka zAstrIya maryAdA bana kara raha jaayeNge| yadi manena rAgAtmikA vRtti hI kAvya ke AdhAra mAne jAyeMge to virAgajanya bhAvAbhivyaktiyoM ko noTisa mAtra samajha kara hama tiraskRta karate raheMge aura bhaktirasa sAdhakoM kI vizAla kRtiyA~ sAhitya kI zreNI se alaga pustakAlayoM kI nidhi bana kara hI raha jaayeNgii| merA tAtparya yaha hai ki mana kI samasta sthitiyoM va prakRtiyoM ko rAga-virAga kisI bhI sthiti meM yadi rasAnubhUti hotI hai aura vaha abhivyakti pAne ke Avega se vyAkula hokara, vimala ucchavAsa he.kara, vyakta hotI hai to AlocakoM kI rasavyaMjanA kI zreNI meM ginI jAnI cAhiye anyathA hama mAnava mana ke prati nyAya nahIM kara sakeMge aura anekAneka pratibhAeM vilupta ho jaayeNgii| nAhaTA-bandhuoM ke sRjana svAntaHsukhAya va bahujanahitAya donoM hI hai| bhaMvaralAlajI ne prAyaH svAntaHsukhAya racanAyeM hI kI hai aura jahA~ jJAna aura kArya donoM kA hI samaveta sRjana huA hai vahA~ sAmAjika cetanA kA pratiphala hI svIkAra karanA pdd'egaa| inakI kRtiyoM kI mahattA prAyaH viziSTa vidvAnoM kI prajJAcakSu se parIkSita haiN| mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, DaoN0 gaurIzaMkara ojhA, DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI, DaoN0 motIcanda, muni kAntisAgara tathA muni jinavijayajI Adi jaina sAhitya ke marmajJa, purAtattvavettA, prakANDa Alocaka va itihAsa-vizeSajJoM kI dRSTi meM inake kArya [65

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stutya tathA mahattvapUrNa haiN| kArya yA kRtitva prayAsa ko kasauTI cAhate haiM aura unakI saphalatA yA asaphalatA paMDitoM para nirbhara karatI hai| vyaktitva kI parakha ke lie vastutaH vyaktitva kI antardRSTi ke jJAna kI AvazyakatA hoto hai para Aja taka mAnavamanISA satata abhyAsa ke bAvajUda bhI kisI bhI vyaktitva kI sahI parakha karane meM asamartha ho rahI hai| isaliye ki samaya. samAja. paristhiti aura vyakti kI cittavRtti ke jitane adhyayana ho sake haiM, sabhI adhyayana ke prosesa meM haiN| phalataH prosesa se saMtuSTa hokara antimetthama kI bAta para bala denA hAsyAspada hI huA hai| vijJAna kI kasauTI ke liye to sthira mAnadaMDa haiN| isIliye unake siddhAnta kathana meM bahudhA ekyuresI dekhI jAtI hai para padArtha ke guNAtmaka parivartana kI pariNati jisa cetanA ko janma detI haiM usake guNAtmaka tathya ke guNAtmaka antardvandva se unakI cetanA vidhAoM kA Akalana Aja bhI adharameM laTakA huA hai| ataH mAnava antarAtmA kI graMthi kholane ke prayatna mAtra vAgvilAsa hokara nirNaya ke liye kisI svastha mAnadaMDa kI khoja meM aba bhI vyasta haiN| kintu sAmAjika cetanA kA yaha asthira mAnadaMDa hI zreyaskara hai| isaliye ki isameM cetanA kI svatantratA kA AbhAsa milatA rahA hai jise eMgila Apha thATsa kahate haiM / nAhaTA-bandhuoM kI kRti bhI emila Apha thATs se draSTavya hai kyoMki ruci vizeSa kI vibhinnatA hI ekatA kI kar3I hotI hai| ataH samagra rUpa se uddezya ke dharAtala kA mUlyAMkana karane vAle rasa-sAdhakoM va rasajJa AlocakoM se merA yahI Atmanivedana hogA, vaise koI jora-jabardastI nahIM hai. mAtra sadAgraha hai jo amAnya nahIM hI hogaa| aisA vizvAsa pAlane meM mujhe rattI bhara bhI saMdeha nahIM dRSTigocara hotaa| anyathA ye mahAkavi bhavabhUti kI mArmika ukti ko hI duharAkara saMtoSa rakheMge ki utpatsyate ca mama ko'pi samAnadharmA, kAlo hyayaM niravadhiH vipulA ca pRthvii| isa "sAdA jIvana ucca vicAra" ke pratIka zAnta va gambhIra vyaktitva meM kitanI vAkyapaTutA hai. pratyutpanna mati hai, AzukAvya-sphuraNa ke bIja haiN| inake kucha saMsmaraNoM ke uddharaNa ise pramANita kareMge bAta bahuta purAnI hai| ekabAra bIkAnera meM sara manU bhAI mehatA ke bhAI zrI vI0 ema0 mehatA, jo mahArAjA ke pradhAnamantrI the. kI adhyakSatA meM eka kavi sammelana kA Ayojana thaa| zrI bhaMvaralAlajI vahA~ upasthita the| adhyakSa ne Apase bhI kucha sunAne ke liye khaa| Apa uThe aura eka Azukavi kI bhA~ti ATha bhASAoM meM. jinameM saMskRta, apabhraMza, aMgrejI, baMgalA, hindI bhASAyeM bhI sammilita thIM. eka kavitA par3hakara sunaayii| kavitA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI stuti thI jisakA saMkalana isa prakAra huA hai aSTa bhASA mayaiSA varddhamAna prabhustutiH / svabhaktyA sakautukena vikramAkhyapure kRtaH // . ekabAra Apa zrI agaracandajI ke sAtha, rAjasthAna hindI sAhitya sammelana ke avasara para (ratanagar3ha meM) upasthita the| vahA~ pustakoM kI pradarzanI meM Apa donoM mahAnubhAva apanI ruci ke anusAra pustake ulaTa-palaTa rahe the| agaracandajI ke hAtha nevArI lipi kI kaI pratiyA~ aayiiN| Apane dekhA aura samajhane kI bhI ceSTA kii| kinta lipi kA koI ora chora na milaa| Apane zrI bhaMvaralAlajI se unheM dekhane ko khaa| Apane pustakeM lI aura varNamAlA banAne meM vyasta ho gye| dUsare dina sArI pratiyAM par3hakara cAcAjI ko sunA dI tathA usake sambandha meM eka lekha bhI prakAzita kiyA / 66]

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aise hI ekabAra Apa bIkAnera jaina saMgha kI ora se zrI harisAgarajI ke pAsa unheM bIkAnera le Ane ke uddezya se nAgaura pdhaare| Apake sAtha bIkAnera ke kucha sambhrAnta vyakti bhI the| zrI harisAgarajI nAgaura meM hI cAturmAsa bitAne ke liye vacanabaddha the| anunaya, vinaya ke pazcAt bhI kucha hala nahIM niklaa| anta meM zrI bhaMvaralAlajI kI kAvya-cetanA prasphuTita huI aura Apane zrI guru ke caraNoM meM nivedanArtha apanI vivazatA vyakta kI, jo draSTavya hai kutvAneka parizramo'pi guruvaH na svIkRtA vInatI / zrImannAgapurIyasaMghaviditA hRdayena kRpaNA mahA // gacchannati ca zAsanasya zobhA sammAna saMghasya ca / na zrutvA vibharSitA kathaMcit kalayAmi kathayAmi kim / / zrI tAjamalajI botharA kalakatte ke eka viziSTa samAjasevI, dhanI mAnI vyakti haiM / Apane eka dina bhaMvaralAlajI se Agraha kiyA ki baMgAla meM sarAka jAti lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM nivAsa karatI hai| ye jaina zrAvaka jAti ke baMgaja haiN| unake liye baMgalA meM zrAvakakRtya kI vizeSa AvazyakatA hai / yadi aisA hI kucha ho jAya to bar3A upakAra hogaa| bhAvaka zrI bhaMvaralAlajI ko yaha bAta mana meM baiTha gaI aura bAta hI bAta meM isa kavimanISI ne baMgalA bhASA meM 27 padyoM meM zrAvakakRtya likha DAlA zrAvaka tumi uThe par3o atyanta sakAle / dui daNDo thAkite uSAra antarAle // alpo lAbhe alpArambha haya je vyApAra / zoSaNa dUSaNa rahita nItizrama AdhAra / / nadI pukura vana ThIkA hiMsAmaya vyApAra / lohArasa bIja asthi Adi parihAra / / jala dugdha ghRta tela chAkanA diyA rAkho / pramArjana Adi kAje jIva yata dekho|| jaina bhavana meM vaidya jasavaMtarAyajI ke anurodha para zrI vijayaballabhasUrijI jayantI meM Apako jaba kucha kahane ke lie kahA gayA to tatkAla Apane prAkRta meM gAthAyeM banAkara sunAyI aura sabhI sambhrAnta vyaktiyoM ko Azcarya meM DAla diyaa| gAthAyeM isaprakAra thIM sirIvallaha suguruNaM tavagacchAyaNa sUra caMdANaM / vaMdAmi bhatti-bhAveNa saggArohaNa diNo ajja ||2|| Asoya kaNha pakkhe ikkArasI rAiya taiya pahare / muMbANAmA NayarI bahu saDDha samAkule dIve // 2 // 67

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sAvaya jaNa uvayAro kiccA sNtthaaviyo'nnege| vijjAlayAdi pavarA savvapio bhUya kaya attho / / 3 / / patto surAlayammi iMdAdi paDibohaNA kjje| bhArahavAsI bhattANa pUrijjaMtu sayalamaNa icchA / / 4 / / isI prasaMgameM ApakI AtmAbhivyakti kA eka namUnA upasthita karane ke lobhakA saMvaraNa nahIM kara pA rahA huuN| Apake dIkSAguru zrI sahajAnaMdajIke nidhanakA samAcAra Apako ajamerase bIkAnera jAte samaya TrenameM milA ora Apane pUjya zrIpAdake prati apanI bhAvanAoMko prakRtakA yaha rUpa diyA ajjhata tattassa supAragAmI egAvayArI pUiya surindo / mugInda maur3o sujugappahANa guruvaro sahajANaMda NAmo ||1|| nivvANavatto susamAhijatto kattIya dhavale taiyAtihIe / nicchatta jAo iha bharahakhitto dhammassa ego sAyAra rUvo // 2 // kheyeNa khinno sumumukkhu saMgho jAo nirAlaMba smggloo| videha khittaTThiya te mahappA bhattANa dehiM nivvui susatto // 3 / / prAkRtake eka grantha jIvadayA prakaraNakI prAcIna prati upalabdha honepara jaba Apane use zrI harakhacaMdajI botharAko dikhAyI thI, Apane Agraha kiyA ki prAkRta padyoMkA hindI padyAnuvAda bhI prastuta karanekA prayAsa kareM to grantha adhika mUlyavAna ho jaaygaa| Apane anurodha svIkAra kara liyA aura prAyaH cAra-pA~ca dinoMmeM hI gadya-padyAnuvAda harigItikA caMdameM kara DAlI! kAvya-pratibhAke dhanI ApakI sahaja anuvAdakI zailo mUlabhAvoMkI kitanI aMtaraMgiNI bana sakI hai eka-Adha udAharaNa pAThakoM ke lie paryApta hoMge saMzaya timira payaMgaM bhaviyAyaNa kubhaya punnimA iMdaM / kAma gaIda saiMdaM jaga jIva hiyaM jiNaM namiu ||1|| saMzaya timirahara taraNi sama jinakA parama bijJAna hai, bhavijana kumuda suvikAsa kAraka caMdrasama chavimAna hai| karivarya makaradhvaja bidAraNa siMhasama upamAna hai. jaga ke hitakara tIrthapati ko namana maMgala khAna hai // 1 // diyahaM kareha kammaM dAridda haehiM puTTha bharaNatthaM / rayaNIsu geya giddA ciMtAe dhamma rahiyANaM // 38 // 68]

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lAyA nahIM hai pUrva ke satkarma apane sAtha meM to peTa bharane ke liye kaise bacegA hAtha meM? divasa bhara hai kaSTa karatA kaThina zrama bina dharma ke rAta meM nidrA na patA, phala mile duSkarma ke // 38 // aura antameM prAkRta bhASAke ekamAtra alaMkAra zAstra : 'alaMkAra dappaNa' nAmaka-grantha jaisalamerake bhaMDArase tADapatrIya pratilipi meM prApta huA thaa| zrI agaracandajI ke anurodha para pratibhAzAlI zAradA ke varadaputra ne hindI anuvAda ke sAtha-sAtha saMskRta chAyAnuvAda kara isa durlabha grantha kI mahattA para cAra cA~da lagA diyA jo vidvAnoM ke liye spardhA kI vastu hai| eka udAharaNa isa prakAra hai saMkhalavamA sagassa va kaNaa-girI kaMcana-giriNa mahialaM hou| mahi bIr3hassavi bharadharaNapaccalo taha tumaM cea|| zRMkhalopamA svargasvavakanakagiri kaMcanagiriNaiva iva mahItalaM bhavatu / mahIpIThasyApi bhAradharaNaNapraktastathA tvaM caiva / / (yaha) bhUtala svarga kI taraha kanakagiri aura kaMcanagiri kA-sA (pIlA) ho jaay| (kyoMki ) tuma hI mahIpITha ke bhU-bhAra ko dhAraNa karane meM samartha ho / isa prakAra anekAneka saMsmaraNa Apake sAnnidhya meM mujhe sunane ko mile haiM jinheM aMkita kara apane viSaya ko bar3hAnA ucita nahIM smjhtaa| gaddI para baiThakara kSaNa meM pustakAvalokana, pratilipikaraNa, nivandhalekhana tathA kSaNa meM vyApArika sambandhoM kA rakSaNa va poSaNa na jAne kitanI bAra dekhA hai| koI AyAma nahIM. prayAsa nahIM, svAbhAvika gati se lekhanI bahI-khAtoM para calate calate sAhitya lekhana meM vyasta ho jAyA karatI hai| dhana bhI hai dharma bhI, jJAna bhI hai viveka bhI, rAga bhI hai virAga bhI, kitanI samarasatA hai eka rasatA meM bhI, Azcarya hotA hai| nAma kI bhUkha nahIM, kevala kartavya kI preraNA hai| sambhavatayA isIliye inakI sajjanatA kA phAyadA uThAne vAle kitane hI mAnya vidvAnoM ne inakI kitanI ajJAta kRtiyoM ko apane sanmAna kA viSaya banAyA hai / prasaMgavaza eka udAharaNa dene meM mujhe saMkoca nahIM hai| prasiddha prAcya vidyA vizArada purAtattvavettA DaoN0 bAsudevarazaraNa agravAla. jo inake sAhitya ke samarthaka va sahAyaka bhI the. zrI bhaMvaralAlajI kI do kRtiyA~-kItilatA' tathA 'dravya parIkSA' ke sAtha nyAya nahIM kara sake / avadhI bhASA kI kRti, kIrtilatA kA anuvAdaka bhaMvaralAlajI ne DaoN0 sAhaba ko vaha grantha dekhane ke liye bhejA thA, para agravAla sAhaba ne inakA nAma vahAM se lopa kara diyaa| yahI bAta purAtattvasambandhI dravyaparIkSA ke viSaya meM bhI kathya hai / isa amUlya grantha ke hindI anuvAda kA unhoMne aMgrejI meM anuvAda kara apane nAma se chapA ddaalaa| unake divaMgata hone para zAyada ye donoM pustakeM bIkAnera saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita

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rakhI gaI haiM, jise unake putra ne lauTAI hai| zAyada vijJApana hI vyaktitva kI saccI parakha hai aura inake pAsa vijJApana nhiiN| Apa agaracandajo ke anurodha ke vazavada raheM / bhaMvaralAlajI kA jIvana sIdhAsAdA hai| ApakA antara jitanA nirmala va pavitra hai utanA hI vyaktigata aura sAmAjika jIvana bhii| dhotI, kurtA tathA pagar3I yaho sAmAnya paridhAna hai| vyavahAra kuzala, vANI sukhada, jIvana . karmaTha aura kRti sundara / yahI kAraNa hai ki sAmAjika, dhArmika va sAMskRtika sabhAoM, sabhya va saMskRta vicAragoSThiyoM va anyAnya saMsthAoM se ApakA jIvana sambandha hai| aise hI puruSoM ke liye zAyada yaha ukti caritArtha hai-- kAvyazAstravinodena kAlo gacchati dhImatAm / viSama paristhiti meM dhairya ApakI vizeSatA hai| dhana hai. yaza hai, para abhimAna nahIM, abhiruci nahIM, koI vyasana nahIM, bhASaNapaTutA aura lekhana siddhi kA vicitra samAyoga hai| ataH bhatRharijI ke zabdoM meM Apa mahAn AtmAoM kI siddha prakRti ke pratIka haiN| lokamaMgala ko lAlasA hai aura para-janma ko kRtArtha karane kI kAmanA / hRdaya meM vizvAsa hai aura paramazaktimAna meM zraddhA tathA bhakti / vyatIta ApakI smRti meM hai aura sajaga vartamAna hAthoM meM, phira niyati ke lie adhika cintA nahIM / jaina dharma, jaina sAhitya, jaina sabhA, jaina sammelana Apake binA apUrNa haiM / Apake sArvajanika jIvana ke liye itanA hI kahanA paryApta hai| anta meM jaisA maiMne likhA hai kisI bhI vyaktitva ke mUlyAMkana ke liye jitanI dRSTi apekSita hai usake mAnadaNDa kI utanI vibhinna vidhAyeM haiN| merA apanA Akalana pUrNa hai, maiM svIkAra nahIM kara sktaa| vaziSThajI kI buddhi mahAsAgara ke samAna bharatajI ke vyaktitva kI mahimA ke taura para abalA kI taraha khar3I jaise nauke va taTa kA cinha nahIM pA sakI usI prakAra koI bhI cintaka isa mahAn gambhIra vyaktitva kI thAha nahIM pA sktaa| maiMne to nyUTana kI taraha isa jJAna-garimA ke sAgara taTa para baccoM kI taraha khelate hue kucha kaMkar3iyA hI baTorI haiN| hara taraMgoM ko pahacAnane kI zakti bhalA taTa para khar3e rahane vAle kAyaroM ko kaise sulabha ho sakatI hai ? maiM to mAtra sIpI se santuSTa hU~. DUbane kI zakti nahIM, phalataH motI ke AbakA darzana hI kaise hogA? yaha bhAra to maiMne sakSama va sAhasI vyaktiyoM para hI chor3a diyA hai| pAThakoM kI jijJAsAyeM aura adhika jAnane kI hoMgI para unase merA vinamra nivedana hogA ki inakI kRtiyoM ke mAdhyama se inheM jAnane kA prayAsa kareM: eka bAta maiM avazya kahU~gA ki bhaMvaralAlajI ne vahI kiyA hai jo inakI cetanA ne svIkRti dI hai aura vaha karage jise inakA apanA nirmala mana svIkAra kregaa| - inameM aba bhI kucha kara gujarane kI sAdha hai aura 75 varSa kI avasthA meM bhI inameM jIvanazakti kA abhAva nahIM hai / ataH kucha navIna, kucha sundara, kucha satya tathA kucha ziva dekhane, samajhane va grahaNa karane kI hamArI kAmanAyeM pratIti avazya caaheNgii| paramAtmA Apako cirAyuSya kareM | jaina samAja kRtajJa hogA, sRjana ko gati milegI aura sAhitya va samAja ApakI amaratA para garva kregaa| zeSa acintya hai. aura zAstra kahatA hai "acintyA khalu ye bhAvAH na tAMstakeMNa yojayet / sutarAm ! jJAne gatirmativi buddhiokAraMjane / saMsiddhistena zrIvRddhirAyurvidyA yazo balam / / " ityalam 70]

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saMkSipta jIvana paricaya bhavaralAlajI kA janma saMvat 1968ke Azvina mahIne ke kRSNa pakSa kI dvAdazI ko haA hai|| suzIlA, zrImatI tIjAvAI kI goda meM inakA lAlana-pAlana huaa| pitA zrI bhairUdAnajI eka karmaTha vyavasAyI, lokapriya tathA dhArmika prakRti ke vyakti the| adhyavasAya unakA lakSya thA aura jIvana pavitra / phalataH putra kI bhAvanAoM meM kabhI antara nahIM A pAyA / vaise pUrA kA pUrA nAhaTA parivAra apanI eka pUjya paramparA rakhatA hai| kevala udarapUrti va bhoga-vilAsa kI kAmanA se dhanopArjana isa pari |r kI ceSTA nahIM rhii| tapaHpUta caritra, dhArmika niSThA tathA satat prayAsa jinakA vikAsa zrI bhaMvaralAlajI meM kramazaH huA inake vyaktitva ko samaya-zilApara citra banatA gayA / jena zikSAlaya, bIkAnera meM hI ApakA vidyArambha muhUrta huA para zikSA inheM mAtra 5vIM kakSA taka milii| cAcA abhaya rAjajI, jinheM saMsAra priya nahIM lagA. svarga sidhAra gaye, Apako saMyama va vrata kI zikSA de gaye / phalataH hoza saMbhAlane ke sAtha hI jainazAsana kI vibhinna sAdhanAoM meM ApakA mana ramane lagA. jisakA krama hama Aja mI yathAvat pAte haiN| adhyayana kI ruci Apako zrI agaracandajI kAkAjI se milii| donoM hI mahAnubhAva prAyaH hamaumra rahe haiM lekina pUjya-pUjaka kI bhAvanA yathAvat hai| maryAdA ne A~kha kI zarma kA zAna banAye rakkhA hai| vyApArika utthAna-patana kI cintA se dUra. bhAvanAoM ke saMsAra meM khule paMkha ur3ane kI ananta kAmanA varadaputroM ke rakhe haiN| pUjya mAtAjI kA pyAra kucha samaya taka ho mila pAyA thA kyoMki unakI pukAra A gayI thii| pitAzrI ne vAha kiye the| Apa unakI dvitIya patnI kI dena haiM | mAtAjI kI mRtyu ke 10 varSa pazcAt Apa zrI lakSmIcanda jI kI goda meM cale gaye / Apako pUre parivAra kA sneha sulabha rahA / 14 varSa kI avasthA meM ApakA zubha pANigrahaNa saMskAra saM0 1983 kI mitI ASAr3ha badI 12 ko zrI rAvatamala surANA kI saubhAgyavatI kanyA zrImatI jatanadevI ke sAtha sampanna huaa| Apake do putraratna zrI pArasakumAra aura padamacanda tathA do suzIlA putriyA~ zrIkAntA tathA candrakAntA haiN| putriyA~ apane sampanna gharoM meM putra. dhana-dhAnya pUrNa sukhamaya jIvana vyatIta kara rahI haiM aura prathama putra zrI pArasakumAra kuzala vyavasAyI, zuddha vyAvahArika, zAnta para gambhIra vyaktitva se samanvita tathA vartamAna yuga kI uccatama zikSA, ema0 kAma0, ela0 ela0 bI0 kI rapAdhi se vibhUSita yogya navayuvaka haiN| inameM sAmAjika va naitika maryAdA hai. vyaktitva ko parakhane kI apanI dRSTi hai / samaya, samAja va paristhitiyoM ke sAtha gatizIla hone kI zakti hai / sAhasa hai aura hai eka Atmabodha, jisameM saMtuSTI ke samApana kI vicitra zakti saMnihita hai| kartavya inakA lakSya hai aura siddhi inakI prernnaa| vartamAna inase saMtuSTa hai aura ye vartamAna se saMtuSTa / phalataH bhaviSya inakA apanA hai| inakI AkAMkSAyeM inake prayatna kI sImAoM meM hI zaraNa pAtI haiN| Apa apanI priya patnI aura apane cAra putroM tathA eka putrI ke sAtha sukhI haiN| dvitIyaputra zrI padgama ne bI0 esa-sI0 taka adhyayana krama jArI rakhA, Ajakala pitAjI ke sAtha vyavasAya meM saMlagna haiN| nitAnta inTovarTI karmaTha zAnta va sazIla parivAra kI maryAdA ke anukUla inakA jIvana hai| ApakA vivAha eka suzikSita va dharmazIlA mahilA se sampanna huA hai / eka sundara-sA putra ApakI godakA zrRMgAra hai / isI choTe se parivAra ke sAtha bhavaralAlajI paryApta saMtuSTa rahate haiN| bhAgya kI biDambanA ne kabhI bhI inheM nirAza nahIM kiyaa| [71

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zrI ma~varalAla nAhaTA : eka vihaMgama dRSTi janma : saM0 1968 Azvina kRSNa 12 san 1911. 2 akTUbara kocaroM kA mohallA, bIkAnera pitA kA nAma : zrI bhairudAnajI nAhaTA mAtA kA nAma : zrImatI tIjAbAI gotra : nAhaTA ( osavAla) adhyayana : jaina pAThazAlA, bIkAnera se 5vIM kakSA meM uttIrNa vivAha : saM0 1983 ASADha vadI 12 dharmapatnI : zrImatI jatanadevI (suputrI : sva0 rAvatamalajI surANA) : pitAmaha ke jyeSTha bhrAtA sva0 lakSmIcandajI nAhaTA ke, saM0 1989 abhyAsa :: saMskRta, prAkRta, rAjasthAnI, hindI, baMgalA, gujarAtI. prAcIna lipi, bhASA vijJAna, itihAsa, brAhmo, apabhraMza, avahaTTI. kalA. purAtatva saMgraha : lagabhaga 90 hajAra hastalikhita grantha, 75 hajAra mudrita pustakeM, purAne sikke, mUrtiyA~, citra, hathiyAra Adi aneka durlabha sAmagrI sadguru : zrI sukhasAgarajI mahArAja. zrI kRpAcandra sUrijI mahArAja, zrI sahajAnandaghanajI mahArAja. mAtAjI dhanadevI jI pahalI racanA : satI mRgAvatI saM0 1987 preraNA srota : zrI sukhasAgarajI, zrI kRpAcandra sUrijI va zrI pUranacandajI nAhara adhyakSa evaM dRSTI : zrI jaina zvetAmbara paMcAyatI mandira, kalakattA upAdhyakSa evaM dRSTI : zrI jaina bhavana, kalakattA bhataparva adhyakSa : zrI jaina zvetAmbara sevA samiti, kalakattA, vartamAna meM kAryakAriNI sadasya dRSTI : zrI jaina bhavana, pAlItAnA saMgrAhaka va TuSTI : zrI abhaya jaina granthAlaya, bIkAnera : zrI zaMkaradAna nAhaTA kalA bhavana, bIkAnera koSAdhyakSa : zrI jinadatta sUrai sevA saMgha, mU0 pU0 maMtrI sadasya : zrI akhila bhAratIya kharataragaccha mahAsaMgha, dillI mata parva maMtrI : rAjasthAnI sAhitya pariSada, zrI jaina zve0 upAzraya kamiTi, zrImada devacandra granthamAlA

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sahajAnandaghana-patrAvalI kA vimocana karate hue munizrI mahimAprabhasAgarajI ma0 ke sAtha zrI nAhaTAjI A HICSHATRA THROUGH THE AGES prAhacchatramahotsava vyAjaka-bAva mAnanTa kamAra jaineM saMsthAna,rAmapura yojaka- paMcAla yA saMsthAna, kAnapura 5.67praka 1986 lnt braah s. ahicchatrA seminArakI adhyakSatA karate hue shriinaahttaajii| unake dAhinI ora haiM ur3IsAke rAjyapAla zrI vizvambharanAtha pANDeya, bAyIM ora sAgara vizvavidyAlaya ke prAdhyApaka DaoN0 ke0 DI0 bAjapeyI

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aSTAhnikA mahotsava para snAnAbhiSeka karate hue zrI nAhaTAjI prapha par3hakara kucha samajhAte hue zrI nAhaTAjI

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sadasya bhUtapUrva koSAdhyakSa saMyojaka va TraSTI adhyakSa kAryAlaya nivAsa vyAvasAyika pratiSThAna nAhaTA bradarsa, kalakattA, silcara sampAdaka zArdUla rAjasthAna risarca insTiTyUTa, bIkAnera ela0 DI0 insTiTyUTa Apha inDolaoNjI, ahamadAbAda zrI jaina sAhitya prakAzana samiti, kalakattA zrI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, vArANasI zrI jainasabhA, kalakattA osavAla navayuvaka samiti, kalakattA zrImad rAjacandra Azrama hampI : zrI jaina sabhA, kalakattA : zrI jogI pahAr3I tIrthaM zrI cAturmAsa prabandha kameTI, kalakattA zaMkaradAna zubherAja, kalakattA, karImagaMja, agaratalA, bokAne osavAla TeksaTAIla inDasTrIja, kalakattA : 4 jagamohana mallika lena, kalakattA 7 phona 33-4755 : 22 rAjA bRjendra sTrITa, kalakattA-7 phona 32-2142 'kuzala nirdeza' mAsika patra ( 1972 se) racanAe~ 1. satI mRgAvatI 2. rAjagRha 3. samayasundara rAsa paMcaka 4. hammIrAyaNa 5. udAratA apanAIye 6. padminIcarita caupAI [3

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7. sItArAma caritra 8 vinayacandra kRti kusumAMjali 9. jIvadayA prakaraNa kAvyatrayI 10. sahajAnanda saMkIrtana 11. bAnagI 12. mahAtIrtha pAvApurI 13. jaina zve0 paM0 mandira sArddhaM zatAbdI smRti grantha 14. jinadatta sUri sevA saMgha smArikA 15. jinadata sUri sevA saMgha smArikA 16. nAlandA ( kuNDalapura ) 17. campApurI 15. vArANasI 19. kaMpilyapura 20. ahicchattA 21. vividha tIrthaMkalpa 22. jaina kathA saMcaya, bhAga 1 va 2 23. dravya parIkSA 24. taraMgavatI 25. sahajAnanda sudhA 26. satI mRgAvatI rAsa sAra 27. bhaktAmarastotra, kalyANamaMdira stotra (hindI padyAnuvAda) 25. yuga pradhAna zrI jinacandra sUri carita 29. cAra pratyekabuddha 30. kSaNikAe~ 31. sahajAnandaghana patrAvalI 32. ninhavavAda 33. jesalamera ke kalApUrNa jaina mandira 34. kalakate kA kArttika mahotsava 35. vicAra ratnasAra 36. jaina muniyoM ke nAmAnta pada 37. anubhUti kI AvAja 38. Atmasiddhi 74 ]

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39 bIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha* 48. samayasundara kRti kusumAMjali* 41. yugapradhAna zrI jinacandrasUri* 42 aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha 13 maNidhArI zrI jinacandrasUri* 38 dAdA jinakuzalasUri* 45 yugapradhAna zrI jinadattasUri* 46. bambaI cintAmaNi stavana saMgraha 47. jJAnasAra granthAvalI* 45 sItArAma caupAIM* 12. ratna parIkSAdi sapta grantha saMgraha* 50. ratna parIkSA* 51. kyAmakhA~ rAso 52. maNidhArI aSTama zatAbdI grantha* 53. kSatriyakuNDa 54. kharataragacchAcArya pratibodhita jAti va gautra* 55. kAnhaDa kaThiyArA kI caupAI* * 56. thAvaccA putra RSi caupAI* * * * sva0 agaracanda nAhaTA ke sAtha saha sampAdita * * zrI satyarajana banarjI ke sAtha saha sampAdita *. -zrI ramaNalAla sAha ke sAtha saha sampAdita aprakAzita 1 AtmadRSTA dhanadevI mAtAjI 3 kharataragaccha itihAsa 3 dolAmArU rA dUhA * nagarakoTa kaoNgar3A kA itihAsa 5 jAlora svarNa giri tIrtha 6 sAgara saiTha caupAI 7 maMtrIzvara karmacanda vaMza itihAsa Agare ke logoM kA sammetazikhara saMgha varNana 9 vijJapti patra saMgraha 10 zAmba pradya mna kathA [75

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sambandhita patra-patrikAeM kuzala-nirdeza AkRti terApaMtha bhAratI kalpanA nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA rAjasthAna bhAratI zvetAmbara jaina dharmadUta jaina satya prakAza AtmAnanda rAjasthAnI jaina dhvaja bhAratI vidyA osavAla navayuvaka hindustAnI jaina jagata vIra saMdeza vikAza kathAloka sAdhanA svAdhyAya Jain Journal vizAla marudhara zvetAmbara jaina jaina yuga utthAna cakra naiNasI rAjasthalI dainika vizvamitra kAdambinI 76]

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patra-mitra rAjasthAna kSitija jaina jyoti avantikA titzayara jaina siddhAnta mAskara vizva vANI vizAla bhArata anekAnta maruvANI jinavANI jIvana sAhitya maru bhAratI rASTra bhAratI amara bhAratI jJAnodaya zramaNa bhAratI vizvambharA paramparA bhAskara zramaNa varadA tulasI prajJA jaina saMdeza olabho zAzvata dharma mANaka navanIta jaina bhAratI [70

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saMbaMdhita mahatvapUrNa grantha 1 zrI vijayaballabhasUri smAraka grantha 2 zrI puSkara muni abhinandana grantha 3 zrI mahAvIra jaina suvarNa mahotsava grantha 4 karmayogI kezarImalajI surANA smRti grantha 5 zrI sohanalAla dUgar3a smRti grantha 6 zrI Arya kalyANa gautama smRti grantha 7 muni hajArImala smRti grantha 8 AcArya rAdhezyAma mizra abhinandana grantha 9 zrI choTelAla jena smRti grantha 10 zrI vijayasiMha nAhara abhinandana grantha 11 zrI agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana grantha 12 zrI gaNeza lalavAnI abhinandana grantha 13 mAhezvarI mahAsabhA amRta vallarI 14 dAdA jinakuzala sari janma sanama zatAbdI smRti grantha bhUmikAe~ 1 mahAvIra SaTa kalyANaka pUjA 2 sammeta zikhara tIrtha 3 zAntipatha 4 zrIpAla caritra 5 kalpasUtra (hindI anuvAda) 6 anokhI Ana 19 rAjasthAnI kahAvatA 5 sabar3akA 1 ikkevAlA 10 nava smaraNa Adi stotra saMgraha 11 cAroM dAdA sAhaba kA caritra 12 majana maMjuSA 13 sahajAnanda vilAsa 14 jaina dharma pravezikA 15 uttamakumAra caritra 16 vahada, pUjA saMgraha

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pramukha kAryakartA evaM sammAnita sadasya 1 zrI jaina zve0 surakSA kameTI, mahattiyANa pAr3A. bihAra zarIpha 2 zrI jaina zve0 paMcAyatI mandira, kalakattA sArddha zatAbdI samAroha 3 zrI maNidhArI aSTama zatAbdI samAroha. dillI 4 zrI jinacandrasUri dAdAbAr3I pratiSThA mahotsava, bIlAr3A 5 zrI haribhadrasUri smRti mandira pratiSThA mahotsava, cittaur3a 6 bhagavAna mahAvIra 25vA~ nirvANa zatAbdI samAroha. kalakattA. pAvApurI jaina dhArmika zikSaNa zivira, kalakattA 8 akhila bhAratIya aitihAsika vidvat sammelana, madhuvana 2 chaThA jena sAhitya samAroha, khaMbhAta 10 zrI gautama svAmI 25vA nirvANa zatAbdI samAroha 11 ahicchatrA mahotsava, rAmapura

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zrI abhaya jaina granthAlaya, bIkAnera - -zrIlAla nathamala jozI sa pustakAlayoM va graMthAgAroM kI upAdeyatA Aja itanI suvidita hai ki isa viSaya meM kucha bhI kahane kI AvazyavatA nhiiN| ina saMsthAoM kI sthApanA to sarala hai kintu saMcAlana ktthin| deza meM jitane granthAgAra haiM unameM se adhikAMza rAjakIya saMrakSaNa prApta haiM. kucha kA saMcAlana vividha saMsthAoM dvArA hotA hai aura ine-gine bhaNDAra aise haiM jo vyaktigata prayAsoM ke pariNAma haiN| zrIabhaya jaina graMthAlaya vyaktigata prayAsa kA sundara pratiphala hai jisane deza-videza ke diggajoM kA dhyAna apanI ora AkRSTa kiyA hai| Sta HERE S anukUla dharatI milane para bIja ke prasphuTita evaM phalita hone meM dera nahIM lgtii| bAta vi0 saM0 1984 kI hai jaba zrI jinakRpAcandrasUrijI jaisalamera ke prAcIna jJAna bhaMDAra kA jIrNoddhAra karake cAturmAsa ke lie bIkAnera padhAre aura apane pravacana meM unhoMne prAcIna granthoM evaM pANDulipiyoM ke saMrakSaNa para bala diyA tAki manISiyoM dvArA samAja ko samarpita jJAna-rAzi kA lopa na ho jaay| AcAryazrI ke zrotA to sahasroM the. para unake vacanoM ko saheja kara hRdayaMgama karane vAle kevala do hI vyakti the-eka cAcA, dUsarA bhatIjA / ye cAcA-bhatIjA kAMdhalajI-vIkojI ke samAna kisI bhU-khaNDa para Adhipatya jamAkara vahAM apanA rAjya sthApita karane ke abhilASI nahIM. pratyuta tIvra gati se nirantara kAla-kavalita ho rahI graMtha-rAzi ko saMrakSaNa dekara usake divaMgata sraSTAoM ko amaratva pradAna karane ko Atura the: cAcA-agaracanda nAhaTA. bhata.jA-bhaMvaralAla naahttaa| HAT usa samaya isa nAhaTA yugala kI Ayu sAr3he solahasatraha varSa thI-eka aisI Ayu jisameM samasta umaMgoM ke sAtha gAIsthya jIvana meM praveza kI taiyArI karate hue svargina svapnoM kA saMsAra basAyA jAnA thA. para isake sarvathA MIRE

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viparIta, sAMsArika sukhoM ko gauNa samajhate hue ye donoM yuvaka prAcIna graMthoM ke saMrakSaNa kArya meM mizanarI utsAha evaM joza-kharoza ke sAtha juTa gae-eka aisI ruci, jisake kAraNa inake sAthI loga inheM saMsAra se uparAma, sAdhu-santoM ke samAna samajhakara apanI mitratA ke anupayukta samajhane lge| aba samasyA thI grantha-saMgraha ke zrIgaNeza kii| graMtha upalabdha kahAM se hoMge? saMyogavaza bambaI hAIkorTa ke eka vakIla mohanalAla dalIcanda kA 'kavivara samaya sundara' nibandha nAhaToM ne dekhA / Azcarya huA-eka vakIla bambaI meM baiThakara samayasundara para itanI vistRta jAnakArI de sakatA hai, to hama pIche kyoM rheNge| protsAhana kA kAraNa thA-rAMgar3I cauka meM eka upAzraya kA khulanA jo bar3A kharataragaccha upAsarA kahalAtA hai. jisake TrasTI dAnamalajI nAhaTA va pUnamacandajI koThArI the| isase prAcIna granthoM ke avalokana kA suyoga sahaja thaa| bIkAnera ke mahAvIra jaina maNDala ke graMthAlaya kA avalokana karate samaya saM0 1804 meM likhita eka guTakA milA jisameM samayasundara kI aneka mahattvapUrNa racanAeM upalabdha thiiN| yuvakoM kA hausalA bar3hA aura ve dviguNa utsAha ke sAtha apane kArya meM tallIna ho ge| samayasundara kI khoja karate samaya aneka granthoM ko dekhaa| jina kaviyoM kI racanAe~ zreSTha lagatIM unakI nakala karake apane saMgraha ke lie taiyAra kara lete| kavi ke saMbaMdha meM denevAlI Avazyaka TippaNiyoM ko apanI noTabukoM meM utAra lete| unhIM dinoM nAhaTA baMdhuoM ne dekhA ki bar3e upAsare meM prAcIna graMthoM ke khaMtar3a rakhe hue the aura unakA upayoga ThAThe banAne ko kiyA jAne vAlA thaa| yati mukanacandajo Adi ne usa Dhera meM se kAma ke kAgaja chAMTakara apane adhikAra meM rakha lie the| nAhaToM ne unako kraya kara liyaa| pariNAma sukhada nikalA | kAphI sAmagrI usa Dhera meM se prApta ho gii| usake bAda jahAM kahIM bhI aisI sAmagrI kI jAnakArI milatI, ve use lene kA prayatna karate. niHzulka athavA kharIdakara / bIkAnera se bAhara jAnA par3atA to vahA~ bhI jAne para hara hAlata meM prAcIna pAMDulipiyoM kI rakSA kA prayatna krte| isa prakAra kI sAmagrI meM granthoM ke bikhare hue panne hI adhikAMza meM hote the / unheM ye donoM adhyavasAyI yuvaka taratIbavAra rakhakara grantha ko pUrA banAne kI koziza karate / jaba grantha pUrA ho jAtA to inake harSa kA pArAvAra nahIM rhtaa| isa prakAra se panne joDa-jor3a kara inhoMne aneka bahumUlya granthoM kI rakSA kara unheM apane saMgraha meM surakSita rakha liyaa| yaha jJAtavya hai ki prAcIna pANDulipiyoM ko par3hane va unakA artha lagAne meM bhI bhaMvaralAlajI kA abhyAsa sva0 agaracandajI se bhI adhika hai / rAmacaritamAnasa meM sItA apane pati ke sAtha jAkara bhI rAma ke sAtha pUjI jAtI hai, jabaki umilA sarvathA anabUjha par3I hai| prAyaH urmilA jaisI sthiti bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA kI hai. para cAcA-bhatIje meM itanA sneha rahA ki bhaMvaralAlajI ko kabhI isa bAta kA dhyAna hI nahIM AyA ki unakA nAma agaracandajI ke barAbara cala rahA hai yA nahIM / agaracandajI kA nAma adhika calane kA kAraNa saMbhavataH yahI hai ki bhaMvaralAlajI apane pArivArika vyavasAya ke sAtha-sAtha presa kApI, prapha paThana, anuvAda, nakaleM, zabdakoza sampAdanAdi tathA grantha-saMgraha-kArya donoM hI samhAlate the, jabaki agaracandajI vyAvasAyika kAryoM se lagabhaga parAGmukha ho gae the| [81

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jaba inakA saMgraha vistRta hone lagA. to prAraMbha meM use tIna AlamAriyoM meM rakhA jA sakA, parantu vaha to nirantara vRddhi kI ora agrasara thA aura use vyavasthita rUpa dene ke liye kisI ucita sthAna kI AvazyakatA kA anubhava hone lgaa| isa prasaMga ko bIca meM chor3akara aba hama saMsthA ke nAmakaraNa kI carcA kreNge| agaracandajI ke pitA the zaMkaradAnajI nAhaTA / agaracandajI se ThIka bAraha varSa bar3e bhAI the abhayarAja nAhaTA jinakA janma vi0 saM0 1955 kI caitra kRSNa SaSThI ko bIkAnera meM huA thA / samasta mAnavIya guNoM se sampanna yaha vaizya-vAlaka choTI Ayu meM hI apane se bar3oM ke sammAna kA mAjana bana gayA thA / sAhitya aura dharma meM isakI apAra ruci aura vilakSaNa gati thI / parantu susaMpanna nAhaTA parivAra bho isa alaukika sampadA ko apane pAsa adhika samaya taka nahIM rakha skaa| abhayarAja rugNa ho gye| cikitsA ke lie unheM jayapura le jAyA gayA / DAkTaroM ne inakI vyAdhi ko asAdhya ghoSita kara diyA / sampUrNa nAhaTA parivAra para viSAda ke ghanaghora bAdala chA gye| gItA meM arjuna ne dUsare adhyAya meM sthitaprajJa ke lakSaNa pUche haiN| zrIkRSNa kahate haiM--'duHkheSvanudvignamanAH sukheSu vigataspRha' / sArA parivAra zoka-sAgara meM nimagna hai. para sthitaprajJa abhayarAja ko vicalita karane kI kSamatA kisameM thI? unake liye kAla vikarAla nahIM thaa| zarIra tyAga kevala vastra badalane ke samAna thA / abhayarAja jAnate the ki ve AsannamRtyu haiM, para unake svAdhyAya meM, cintana meM kisI prakAra kA antara nahIM AyA / bhISma pitAmaha zarazaiyA para avicalita the. to samajha meM AtA hai ki unake pAsa dIrghAyuSya kA athAha anubhava thA, para vAIsa varSa kA abhayarAja yadi yogiyoM ke samAna deha tyAga karate hue sabako antima praNAma kara jAye to niHsandeha vilakSaNa, parama vilakSaNa hai / yaha vajrapAta huA vaizAkha kRSNA saptamI vi0 saM0 1977 ko jisane nAhaTA parivAra kA na kevala kalejA hI nikAla liyA. kucha samaya ke liye usakA viveka bhI chIna liyA ! bAlaka agaracanda, bhaMvaralAla jo usa samaya lagabhaga dasa varSa ke the. vidyAdhyayana se vaMcita kara diye gaye / parivAra meM abhayarAja sarvAdhika zikSita the aura ve isa prakAra asamaya meM cale gaye, to parivAra meM eka dhAraNA bana gaI ki-par3hAI meM ApAM ne laiNiyoM konii| seTha zaMkaradAna isa putra-ratna ke liye koI anupama smAraka banavAnA cAhate the, idhara agaracanda-bhaMvaralAla apanI pAMDulipiyoM ko vyavasthA karanA cAhate the ataH sva0 abhayarAja nAhaTA kI smRti meM abhaya jaina graMthAlaya kI sthApanA kI gii| graMthAlaya para lage hue zilAlekha meM sthApanA kA varNa 1977 vi0 saM0 aMkita hai, phira bhI yaha varSa vicAraNIya hai / saM0 1984 kI basanta paMcamI para jaina muni kA bIkAnera meM cAturmAsa huA aura tabhI nAhaTA bandhuoM ko pANDulipi-saMgraha kI preraNA milI thii| kucha varSa granthoM ke saMgraha meM bhI lage taba kahIM granthAlaya sthApita karane kI bAta utpanna huI. ataH vi0 saM0 1977 ko isa graMthAlaya kA sthApanA varSa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / yaha ho sakatA hai ki saM0 1977 meM jaba abhayarAja kI mRtyu huI to seTha zaMkaradAna nAhaTA ne unakI puNya smRti meM koI smAraka sthApita karane kA saMkalpa liyA hogA, ataH 1977 ko hama sthApanA varSa ke sthAna para saMkalpa varSa kaheMge to samIcIna hogA / hA~. zrI abhayarAjajI kI smRti meM abhaya jaina granthamAlA kA prathama puSpa saM0 1982 meM abhayaratnasAra prakAzita huA jisakA sampAdana paM0 kAzInAtha jaina ne kiyA thaa| isake atirikta agaracandajI ke agraja megharAjajI nAhaTA ke putra kesarIcanda nAhaTA tathA agaracandajI ke jyeSThaputra dharmacanda nAhaTA 2 ]

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se prApta jAnakArI ke anusAra jisa bhavana meM yaha graMthAlaya avasthita hai, usakA nirmANa vi0 saM0 2000 meM hI huA thA, usase pahale graMthoM ko AlamAriyAM pirola ke UparavAle kamare meM thIM aura bAda meM zubha vilAsa meM bhI pustakAlaya rhaa| vartamAna bhavana ke nirmANa se pahale to vaha sthAna mAtra gAryo kA eka bAr3A thaa| isake atirikta bhavana kI pahalI maMjila para jo zilAlekha lagA huA hai, usa para zaMkaradAna nAhaTA kalA bhavana aMkita hai aura usakA sthApanA va vi0 saM0 2000 likhA gayA hai| spaSTa hai ki jaba vi0 saM0 1999 meM zaMkaradAnajI kA svargavAsa huA. to unake putra bhairUdAna, subhairAja, megharAja, agaracanda nAhaTA ne tatkAla isa bhavana kA nirmANa karavAkara apane pitA kI smRti meM kalA bhavana sthApita kiyA aura gharAtala maMjila (grAunDa phlora) para abhaya jaina graMthAlaya kI sthApanA kI isa prakAra vi0 saM0 1977 meM jisa graMthAlaya kA saMkalpa kiyA gayA thA. use mUrtarUpa vi0 saM0 2000 meM hI diyA jA sakA / bhavana nirmANa meM subhairAjajI kA vizeSa yogadAna rahA / . jisa samaya pradhAlaya ko sthApanA huI, kevala gharAta maMjila meM hI pAMDulipiyoM ke baste rakhe gaye para utsAhI nAhaTA vandhuoM kI adamya lagana ke kAraNa zIghra hI dharAtala maMjila kI sArI AlamAriyAM granthoM se bhara gayIM aura jo kalAbhavana prathama maMjila meM avasthita thA use dUsarI maMjila meM sarakAnA pdd'aa| yahI nahIM, jo aMtarbhoma maMjila ( talaghara ) kabAr3akhAnA banA huA thA, usakA bhI bhAgyodaya huA aura abhaya jaina granthAlaya kI pANDulipiyAM usameM bhI rakhI garyo isa prakAra tIna maMjiloM meM to abhaya jaina granthAlaya avasthita hai aura UparI eka maMjila meM zaMkaradAna nAhaTA kalA bhavana / isa granthAlaya meM surakSita pAMDulipiyoM kI saMkhyA meM 40-45 hajAra sunatA A rahA thA jo mujhe atyuktipUrNa laga rahI thii| abhI tIna dina pahale jaba maiMne granthAlaya ke sUcI paMjikA kA avalokana kiyA to patA calA ki vaha saMkhyA bhI vAstava meM truTipUrNa thI kyoMki rajisTara meM car3hI huI antima pAMr3alipi kA kramAMka hai 56234 (chappana hajAra nau sau cautIsa ) tathA pustaka kA nAma hai 'nakha zikha varNana racayitA hai-balabhadra kavi / kramAMka 246 para 'jambUdIpa paNNati cUrNi darja hai jisakA lekhana samaya vi0 saM0 1480 aura lekhana sthAna DUMgarapura hai / pustaka meM 31 patra haiM, jinakA AkAra 29.6410.8 se0 mI0 hai / pratyeka patra meM 15 paMktiyA~ va pratyeka paMkti meM 66 akSara haiN| isI prakAra kramAMka 589 para 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra darja hai jisakI bhASA prAkRta hai| yaha 39 patroM meM hai, patroM kA AkAra 30x6 se0 mI0 hai / pratyeka patra meM 15 paMktiyA~ va pratyeka paMkti meM 63 akSara hai| isakA lekhana samaya 1517 vi0 saM0 hai kramAMka 134 para 'upAsaka dazAMga sUtra-vRti graMtha hai jisake lekhaka abhayadeva sUri haiM aura lekhana samaya vi0 saM0 1532 hai| yaha vela-bUTedAra hai aura isameM 13 patra hai| patroM kA AkAra 29.211.2 se0 mI0 hai / pratyeka patra meM 17 paMktiyA~ va pratyeka paMkti meM 71 akSara haiM / lekhana samaya hai- 1532 vi0 saM0 mUla graMtha prAkRta meM hai va TIkA saMskRta meN| lagabhaga sAta hajAra pAMDulipiyAM aisI haiM jo abhI rajisTaroM meM darja nahIM huI haiM / isa samaya zrI dAUdayAla zarmA ina granthoM kA paricaya eka naye rajisTara meM likha rahe haiN| adhikAMza pAMDulipiyAM satrahavIM zatI kI hai| agaracanda nAhaTA para lakSmI se bhI adhika sarasvatI kI kRpA thI ve itanI pravala dhAraNAzakti ke dhanI the ki apane saMgraha ke sabhI grantha unake liye hastAmalakavat the| unake rahate kisI zodha chAtra ko granthopalabdhi meM [ 53

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koI kaSTa nahIM hotA thA, para aba unake svargArohaNa ke pazcAt sthiti badala gaI hai| aba kisI grantha ko DhUMda nikAlanA AsAna kAma nahIM raha gayA hai kyoMki na to grantha bhASAvAra darja haiM, na viSayavAra tathA akArAdikrama kA to prazna ho nahIM hai| yadyapi granyAlaya ke liye eka nyAsa banA huA hai. para vaha saMbhavataH Arthika pahalU kI ora hI jAgarUka pratIta hotA hai / abhI-abhI 'agaracaMda-bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA zodha saMsthAna' kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| AzA hai yaha saMsthAna zIghra hI pratyeka bhASA ke liye akArAdikrama se viSayavAra rajisTara taiyAra karAegA . tAki Ane vAle zodhArthI isa durlabha sampadA se lAbhAnvita ho sakeM aura yaha sampadA kevala bastoM-bugacoM kI sampatti na rhe| zodha saMgrAhakoM meM kitanI tallInatA apekSita hai, yaha bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA ke zabdoM meM par3hiye : "una dinoM hameM eka hI dhuna savAra thI ki saMgraha kaise ho? rAta meM sote hue svapna mI aise hI Ate. kabhI to kisI aitihAsika sthAna ke darzana hote, kabhI hastalikhita grantha-citrAdi diikhte| Azcarya kI bAta hai ki hare raMga kA eka citra svapna meM dikhAI diyA jisameM bhagavAna RSabhadeva apanI putriyoM brAhmI va sundarI ko lipi sikhA rahe haiM aura sAmane pUrI varNamAlA (brAhmIlipi) likhI huI hai / zrI devacaMdajI mahArAja ke janmasthAna ke sambandha kI UhApoha meM svayaM devacaMda jI mahArAja RSabhadevajI ke mandira (nAhaToM kI gavAr3ha) ke sAmane milate haiM aura apanA janmagrAma batalAte haiM jo ki bIkAnera riyAsata yA jodhapura riyAsata meM hai isa UhApoha meM vismRta ho jAtA hai| samayasundarajI ke mAtA-pitA ke nAma kI khoja meM dUsare hI dina bar3e upAzraya ke eka saMgraha ke patroM meM unhIM ke ziSyoM dvArA nirmita gIta mila jAte haiM aura svapna sAkAra ho jAtA hai| citta kI ekAgratA aura saMgraha kI abhilASA ho isake mukhya kAraNa haiN|" prAcIna sAmagrI kA eka-eka pannA aura usakA eka-eka Tukar3A bhI kitanA mahattvapUrNa ho sakatA hai, yaha cauMkAne vAlI ghaTanA bhI bhaMvaralAlajI se sunie : - "do iMca ke eka panne meM hameM kucha bArIka akSaroM meM likhe dohe mile, jisameM jJAnasAgarajI ke mAtA-pitA kA nAma, janma-sthAna, saMvat, dIkSAkAla, gRha nAma, rAjya-sambandha Adi prApta ho ge|" agaracandajI nAhaTA kA abhinandana grantha san 1976 meM prakAzita huA thaa| usameM zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ke lekha se patA calatA hai ki isa saMsthA ne ina varSoM meM kisa prakAra pragati kI: "gata 42 varSoM se hastalikhita pratiyoM ke saMgraha kA prayatna nirantara cAlU hai| para gata 25 varSoM meM isa dizA meM jitanA adhika kArya huA hai utanA pahale nahIM ho sakA thA kyoMki svatantratA-prApti ke bAda hastalikhita pratiyA~ bikane ke lie jitanI bAhara se AI haiM, isase pahale kabhI nahIM aaii| mudraNa-yuga meM hastalikhita pratiyoM kA paThana-pAThana banda-sA ho gayA / ataH jinake pAsa bhI hastalikhita pratiyoM kA saMgraha thA ve aba unakI upayogitA nahIM rahane se becane ko taiyAra ho gaye / rAjA-mahArAjAoM, ThAkuroM, yatiyoM, vidvAnoM aura kaviyoM ke vaMzajoM ne apane saMgraha becane prArambha kara diye| jaba aise saMgraha ucita mUlya meM milane kI khabara pahuMcato to kAkA zrI agaracandajI bAhara jA karake bhI aura logoM ko patra likhakara bhI aise saMgraha kharIdane prAraMbha kara diye / sva0 muni kAMtisAgarajI kA jaba gvAliyara meM caumAsA thA, to unhoMne sUcanA dI ki jainetara, veda Adi, granthoM kA eka acchA saMgraha bika 58 ]

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rahA hai, to agaracandajI vahAM pahuMce aura use kharIda liyA / isI taraha jayapura ke kabAr3iyoM se acchA saMgraha bikane kI sUcanA milI tA vahA~ para jAkara le liyA gyaa| "bhArata kA vibhAjana hone para paMjAba kA grantha-saMgraha bhI khUba bikane lagA / hamAre mitra svargIya DaoN0 banArasI dAsa jaina ne eka kabAr3I ko kaha diyA thA ki nAhaTAjI hastalikhita granthoM kA saMgraha kara rahe haiM unheM tuma pratiyoM kA banDala mejate raho, ve unakA ucita dAma lagAkara bhejate rheNge| phalataH usa paMjAbI kabAr3I ne kaI varSoM taka bar3ebar3e pulinde pArsala karake bheje isa taraha idhara-udhara se prayatnapUrvaka saMgraha karate karate ho itanA bar3A saMgraha ho sakA hai / - "hastalikhita graMthoM kI khoja ke liye aneka jaina-jenetara jJAna bhaNDAroM meM jAnA par3A hai aura lAkhoM hastalikhita pratiyA~ dekhakara unameM se jo-jo mahatvapUrNa evaM amUlya tathA durlabha pratiyA~ dekhane va jAnane meM AI, unake noTsa le rakhe haiN| jahAM taka sambhava huA anyatra ke mahatvapUrNa durlabha granthoM ko jo apane saMgraha meM bhI rakhanA Avazyaka samajhA aise saikar3oM racanAoM kI nakaleM karavAI haiM aura bahuta-sI pratiyoM ke to kAphI kharca karake phoTo aura mAikrophilma karavA lI gaI haiN| isa taraha jo mahatvapUrNa graMtha mUla hastalikhita prati ke rUpa meM prApta nahIM kiyA jA sakA. usakI pratilipi karavA kara abhaya jaina graMthAlaya meM saMgrahIta kI gaI hai|" hindI, saMskRta, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI prAkRta, apabhraMza ke atirikta isa graMthAlaya meM utkala, zAradA, ThAkarI. kannar3a, tamila baMgalA, paMjAbI sindhI, urdU phArasI, kazmIrI Adi bhASAoM kI pAMDulipiyAM bhI vidyamAna haiN| hastalikhita granthoM ke samAna hI mudrita pustakeM bhI yahAM upalabdha haiM jinakI saMkhyA 50,000 ke Asa-pAsa hai| pAMDulipiyAM aura chapI huI pustakeM prAyaH sabhI viSayoM para pAyI jAtI haiM / pustakoM ke alAvA agaracandajI ke samaya meM yahAM patrikAe~ bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM AtI thIM aura vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki koI bhI patrikA raddI meM nahIM pheMkI jAtI thii| sArI patrikAoM kI vyavasthita phAileM isa pranthAlaya meM vidyamAna haiN| eka ullekhanIya bAta aura anya vidvAnoM ke jitane bhI patra nAhaTAjI ko prApta hote, unheM ve naSTa nahIM karate the| ye patra Aja bhI boroM meM bhare hue haiN| isa granthAlaya ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM kI sammatiyAM bhI jJAtavya hai : bAsudevazaraNa agravAla ke vicAra se "nAhaTAjI ne akele eka saMsthA kA kAma pUrA kiyA hai| Age Ane vAlI pIr3hiyAM isake liye unakI AbhArI rheNgii|" vADiyA kaoNleja, pUnA meM saMskRta ke prophesara pI0 ela0 vaidya ne aMkita kiyA- "I am pleased to see the wonderful and valuable collection of Nahata family at Bikaner." DaoN0 bhogIlAla je0 saDisarA ke zabdoM meM- " Any person interested in Indological research and Indian art coming to Bikaner will be immensely benefited if he pays a visit to Shri Abhaya Library and the Museum located in it, so ably and efficiently managed by Shri Nahata" ahamadAbAda ke jitendra jeTalI ke zabdoM meM, "yaha saMgraha dekhakara mujhe vizeSa prasannatA isalie huI ki isa jamAne meM bhI ucca abhyAsa aura saMzodhanoM ke yogya prAcIna granthoM kA aura kalAkRtiyoM kA aisA saMgraha itane vyavasthita rUpa se, kisI saMsthA ne nahIM, varan eka vyakti ne kiyA hai| bhArata ke prAcIna aura madhyakAlIna itihAsa, sAhitya aura saMskRti [sy

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ke abhyAsakoM ko jaba bhI avasara mile, yaha saMgraha avazya dekhanA caahie|" rAjasthAna purAtattva saMgrahAlaya vibhAga ke Da0 satyaprakAza ke anusAra, "jo aba taka rAjyAzraya dvArA na ho sakA, vaha zrI nAhaTAjI apane athaka parizrama se pUrA karane kI ceSTA kara rahe haiM aura bahuta aMza taka saphala bhI hue haiM / Apake bhatIje zrI bhaMvaralAla jI kA yoga sone meM suhAge kA kArya kara rahA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ke punarutthAna meM aura vizeSatayA rAjasthAnI saMskRti ko jIvita rakhane evaM gauravAnvita karane meM Apake sadRza kalApremiyoM kI svatantra bhArata ko AvazyakatA hai|" hindU vizvavidyAlaya, kAzI ke udayazaMkara zAstrI ke anusAra "isa adbhuta saMgraha meM itane ratna bhare par3e haiM ki yugoM taka unakA mUlya bar3hatA hI jaayegaa|" landana vizvavidyAlaya ke DablyU0 esa0 kulA ke anusAra "This has been a most interesting collection. It is truly a great credit that one has organised so fine a collection of books, manuscripts and objects of art." isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki apane vidyA-vyasanI putra abhayarAja nAhaTA kI smRti ko akSuNNa rakhane ke lie unake yazasvI pitA zaMkaradAna nAhaTA ne jisa abhaya jaina granthAlaya kI sthApanA kA saMkalpa kiyA aura jise unake putroM, pautroM ne mUrta rUpa diyA, usa abhaya jaina granthAlaya kI deza-videza ke paNDitoM evaM kalA-marmajJoM ne mukta. kaNTha se prazaMsA kI hai| eka samaya A gayA thA jaba isa advitIya saMgraha kA sthAnAntaraNa dillI meM karane kI carcA calI thii| rAjasthAna ke saubhAgya se yaha saMgraha abhI taka bIkAnera meM banA huA hai aura vizvAsa hai ki aba yahIM banA rhegaa| jisa bhAvanA ke sAtha svargIya zaMkaradAnajI ne inakI sthApanA kA saMkalpa liyA, jisa adamya utsAha ke sAtha agaracandajI, bhaMvaralAlajI Adi ne use sthApita kiyA aura jisa lagana ke sAtha agaracandajI nAhaTA ne ise panapAyA usI kA phala hai ki yaha saMsthA antarrASTrIya khyAti prApta kara sko| AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki isake sambaMdha meM vyakti pUrNatayA jAgarUka rahe tAki jisa uddezya se isakI sthApanA kI gaI hai, usakA nirvAha nirantara hotA rhe| 6]

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kRtitva

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apane pustakAlaya meM grantha dekhate hue zrI nAhaTAjI

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madara TeresA ke sAtha zrI nAhaTAjI

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PRIVUning GOOSE zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra vIra prabhu jaga-tAraka kI pada-dhUli dhAra huI dhanya dharA kSatriyakuNDa narezvara kA ghara dhAnya-svarNa se khUba bharA / dhanya dhanya trizalA mAtA jisane jAyA tIrthaMkara ko zaraNa-sthala mAtra mumukSu ke ve vartamAna jaga hitakara jo / / 1 / / caita sudI terasa janme chappana dizikumarI mila AI causaTha indroM ne meru zikhara le jAkara pANDuzilA tthaaii| abhiSeka sahana kaise hogA zakrandra citta meM hai zaMkita jAna prabhu ne vAma paira aMguSTha cA~pa giri kRta kampita / / 2 / / Amala krIr3A meM jIta deva mahAvIra nAma saMprApta kiyA caTazAlA meM zakrendra prazna jainendra vyAkaraNa nAma diyaa| mAtapitA ke bhakta Apa karuNAmUrti saMkalpa kiyA vidyamAnatA meM inake nahIM gRha tyAgU aho dhanya hiyA / / 3 / / bhrAtA nandivarddhana Agraha do varSa aura gRhavAsa rahe dekara saMvatsara dAna anargala lo icchita ye zabda khe| agahana dazamI thA kRSNapakSa ho zramaNa zIghra vanavAsa liyA bana dIrgha tapasvI aura akiMcana yoga dhyAna meM citta diyA / / 4 / /

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khIra pakAI gvAle ne prakSepa kUpa meM cora banA saMgama ne cira kaSTa die para aDiga merU sama dhIra dhanA / caNDa dRSTi-viSadhara kauzika kA daMza dugdhadhArA pravahI bujjha ! bujjha ! ina zabdoM se pratibodhita aSTama svarga lahI // 5 // zUlapANi devagRha meM saha pariSaha prabhu uttIrNa bane kAnoM meM kIleM gvAle ne Thoke to bhI samabhAva ghane / tejolezyA se dagdhamAna saMrakSaNa kRta gozAlaka ke duSToM para bhI karuNA karate prabhu bhAvadayA ke dhAraka the / / 6 / / cha: cAra mAsa do eka mAsa pakSakSamaNAdika upavAsI abhigraha dharake vicare candanabAlA ne pAre kulmaassii| vaizAkha zukla daza rijuvAlu taTinI taTa meM zyAmAka kheta godohana mudrA meM baiThe kara gati karma kSaya dhyAna zveta ! // 7 // A mahAsena vana pAvA meM prabhu tIrtha pravartana Apa kiyA gyAraha gaNadhara ko cAra hajAra cArasau saha cAritra diyA / indrabhUti gautama svAmI the labdhivaMta guru bhakta guNI candanabAlA chattIsa sahasa AryAgaNa meM thI mukhya suNI // 8 // sAddhalakSa nava sahasa zrAddha AnaMda kAmadeva puNiyA the lakha tIna aThAraha sahasa saMkhya sulasA jayantI zrAvikAe~ / dazArNa-zAlibhadrAdika ne dIkSita ho AtmoddhAra kiyA laghuvaya atimuktaka ne bhI pA kaivalya camatkRta loka kiyA // 9 // koNika zreNika ceDArAjA udayana nandivaddhana bhrAtA bhakta anekoM narapati gaga the bhArata bhU ke vikhyaataa| syAdvAda karma siddhAnta ahiMsA adhyAtma rasa se pUrita vANI jinakI phailI jaga meM darzana jJAna caraNa saMyuta / / 10 // dvisaptati varSAyu meM caumAsa apApA meM Aye hastipAla rajjugazAlA aSTAdaza nRpa pauSadha ThAye / do dina vyApI upadeza diyA kAttika amAvasa rAtri meM praharAntima meM prabhu mokSa gae nAga karaNa aru svAtI meM || 11 / / pravacana prabhu kA vistAra jagata meM isa zubhaavasara para hove sAddhadvaya sahasa saMvatsara kA utsava saba pApoM ko dhove| sukhI bane saba hI prANI prabhu nAma hameM sukhadAyaka ho bha~vara' kAmanA mAtra yahI jaya jaya jaya zAsana nAyaka ho // 12 //

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toraNa dRSTigocara huaa| usakA madhyavartI ghabanAM TUTakara girA huA thaa| zilpakalA ko dekhane para maMdira 1000. 1200 varSa prAcIna pratIta huA, ataH koI zilAlekha prApta hone kI AzA se maiM maMdira meM gyaa| isa maMdira ke garbhagRha ke dAhinI ora eka staMbha para khude hue kaI lekha mile jo zuddha aura suvAcya nahIM the| unameM se eka kI lipi bahuta purAnI thii| usa lipi kA paryApta jJAna na hone se apanI noTabuka meM usakI nakala na kara, eka aise mudrita vijJApana para, jo dUsarI tarapha khAlI thA, kucha samaya ke parizrama dvArA peMsila se maiMne dhIre-dhIre avikala nakala kara ddaalii| usI staMbha para jo dUsare lekha utkIrNa the ve saMvat 1460,1535. 1551 aura 1579 ke the jinameM saMvat 1535 catra zuklA 15 vAle lekha meM prAsAdoddhAra kA varNana thaa| phalaudhI kI kuTila lipi phalaudhI arthAt mer3atAra Da mAravAr3a kA suprasiddha prAcIna jaina tIrtha hai| vahA~ Azvina aura pauSa kRSNA 10 ke dina varSa meM do bAra melA lagatA hai, jisameM sahasroM kI saMkhyA meM jaina aura jenetara janatA ekatra hotI hai| vigata Azvina ke mele meM saubhAgyavaza maiM bhI vahA~ gayA / teisaveM jaina tIrthakara zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAn kI saprabhAva zyAmavarNa pratimA lagabhaga 800 varSa pUrva bhUmi meM se nikalI huI hai| maMdira bhI 12 vIM zatAbdI kA banA huA hai| isa tIrtha kI utpatti camatkAramaya hone ke kAraNa yaha mAravAr3a kA mukhya jaina tIrtha kahalAtA hai| prAcIna aura arvAcIna sabhI tIrthamAlAoM meM isa tIrtha kA nAma smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| bIkAnera Akara usa lekha ko kucha to maiMne svayaM par3hA aura kucha mAnanIya DA0 dazaratha zarmA ema0 e0 mahodaya ne| aMta meM jo akSara aspaSTa raha gaye unakA, bIkAneranareza kI golDana-jubilI para mahAmahopAdhyAya rAya bahAdura paMDita gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda ojhA ke padhArane para unase pUcha kara, jo nAgarI akSarAMtara huA vaha isa prakAra hai: dazamI ke madhyAhna meM maMdira se pArzvanAthajI kI rathayAtrA nikAlakara nikaTavartI tAlAba para le jAte haiN| isa utsava meM gAyana-vAdyAdi dvArA prabhu-bhakti karane ke hetu sabhI yAtrI sammilita huA karate haiN| maiM isake kucha Age bar3hakara eka vizAla maMdira kI zobhA dekhane ke lie cala pdd'aa| vaha maMdira brahmANI mAtA kA thaa| usake Asa-pAsa kucha mUrtiyA~ aura prAcIna devaliye bhI paDo huI thIM, parantu una para koI lekha nahIM thaa| maMdira ke samakSa eka pIle pASANa kA vizAla aura sundara uttuMga 7 auM nama zrI phalavaddhikA de vi| zrI puSkara gAMka vArI vAsI sUtradhAra bAhuka / tasya samutpanI bhadrAditya / tatra ca jAto macAravi / tasya putrotpana sisuravi sUtradhAra / aNDaja svedajau vApi / udvijaM ca ja (ra) yuj| yaha lekha kuTila lipi kA hai| IsavI san kI chaThI zatAbdI se lekara navIM zatAbdI paryanta arthAt gupta lipi ke pazcAt aura nAgarI lipi se pUrva isa lipi kA pracAra thaa| isake akSara bahudhA pratihAra rAjA bAuka

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ke jodhapura ke zilAlekha se vizeSa milate haiM jo ki 'bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA' ke 23veM lipi-patra meM prakAzita hai| vaha lekha vi0 saM0 894 kA hone se isa lekha kA samaya bhI vikrama kI navIM zatAbdI samajhA jA sakatA hai| isa zilAlekha ke nIce AThavIM paMkti ke rUpa meM nAgarI lipi meM 'u0 sanADhA kApar3I' khudA huA hai| ina zabdoM kI lipi dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki kaI zatAbdiyA~ vyatIta ho jAne para kisI ne pIche se likhA hogA, kyoMki yaha lipi usase bahuta arvAcIna hai| brahmANI mAtA kA mandira sevagoM (bhojaka, sevaka yA zAkadvIpIya brAhmaNoM) kA hai| sunA hai ki grAma bhI isI maMdira ke lie rAjya kI ora se bheMTa hai| zrIyukta jagadIzasiMha gahalota apane 'mAravAr3a rAjya ke itihAsa ke pRSTha 312 meM isa maMdira ke bAre meM isa prakAra likhate haiM: isa zilAlekha kA pahalA akSara 7 guptakAlIna oMkAra kA tatsamaya pracalita prAcIna rUpa hai| usake pazcAta 'OM' se kuTila lipi prAraMbha hotI hai| isa lipi meM ha nAgarI 'Da' ke sadRza aura 'Da' vartamAna 'ra' ke sadRza hai jaise chaThI paMkti ke dUsare akSara meM 'aMDaja' likhA gayA hai| 'ja' vaMgalA lipi 'ja' se aura 'sa' mAravAr3I ke 'sa' se khUba milatA hai| isake viruddha pratihAra bAuka ke lekha kA 'sa' nAgarI ke vartamAna 'bha' se vizeSa milatA-julatA hai| isa lekha kI prathama paMkti kA 'pha' aura 'la' akSara pratihAra rAjA bAuka ke lekha ke akSaroM se adhika vikasita rUpa meM hai| dIrgha IkArAnta kI mAtrA jinajina akSaroM meM hai. pUrI dI gaI hai / parantu dUsarI paMkti ke aMtima akSara 'sI' likhane meM mAtrA ko sAmAnyasA TAnakara chor3a diyA hai| tIsarI aura pA~cavI paMkti meM sUtradhAra likhane meM dIrgha UkAra kI mAtrA ko laMbI na khIMcakara 'sa' ke nIce 'ta' kI bhA~ti lagA diyA hai, jaisA ki kucha prAcIna hastalikhita granthoM meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai / isake viruddha pratihAra vAuka vAle zilAlekha meM mAtrA ke sthAna meM 'U' ko hI saMyojita kara diyA hai| tIsarI, cauthI aura pA~cavI paMkti meM jo 'tra' likhA hai use 'ta' ke nIce / 'ra' likhakara saMyukta kara diyA gayA hai| "phalodI gA~va meM (jo mer3atA roDa kahalAtA hai) brahmANI mAtA aura pArzvanAtha kA jaina maMdira hai| zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki brahmANI mAtA kA maMdira saM0 1088 meM yA usake pahile banA thaa| phira musalamAnoM dvArA tor3e jAne para jaba-jaba avasara milA, usakI marammata kI gii| pahalI marammata saM01465 meM gahalota dUDhA ne kii| usa samaya gahalotoM kA rAjya mer3ate meM thA, jinakA nAma isa paraganeM ke aura bhI zilAlekhoM meM milatA hai| bAda meM saM0 1455, 1535 aura 1551 meM isakI marammata huii| yaha maMdira purAne zilpa aura patthara ke kAma kA acchA namUnA hai| isakA bahuta-sA bhAga musalamAnI rAjyoM meM musalamAnoM ke mUrti tor3anevAle prabala hAthoM se naSTa ho cukA hai| to bhI jitanA kucha bAkI hai vaha aba isa girI huI dazA meM bhI apanI jhInI aura anokhI kArIgarI kI vArIkI aura sundaratA kA camatkAra dikhAne ke lie bahuta hai|" yaha lekha bar3e-bar3e akSaroM kI sAta paMktiyoM meM utkIrNa hai jinameM kramazaH 11, 11, 13, 13, 14, 13 aura aMtima paMkti meM kevala do akSara hI haiN| aMtima paMkti meM 'yujaM / ' meM saMbaMdha dekhate 'ra' akSara chuTa gayA pratIta hotA hai. kyoMki isakA pUrA zabda 'jarAyuja' honA caahie| zrI gahalotajI ne jo bAteM likhI haiM usase adhika maiM kucha nahIM kaha sktaa| saMbhava hai, unheM vahA~ koI saM0 1088 kA lekha prApta huA ho| mere pAsa jo 3-4 anya lekha haiM ve azuddha haiM. ataH par3he nahIM jA skte| 4]

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suprasiddha jainAcArya zrI jinaprabhasUrijI apane 'vividha tIrtha kalpa' nAmaka aitihAsika grantha meM bhI isa maMdira kA ullekha isa prakAra karate haiM : "asthi savAlakkha deze mer3attaya nagara samIvaThio vIra bhavaNAinANAviha devAlayAbhirAmo phalavadI nAma gaamii| tattha phalavaddhi nAmadhijjAe devIe bhavaNamuttuMga siharaM cihna / soa riddhisamiddhovi kAlakkameNa uvvasapAo sNjaao| tahAvi tatttha kitti A vi vANiagA AgaMtUna avasiMsu / " arthAt sapAdalakSa ( savA lakha ) deza mer3atA nagara ke nikaTa vIra maMdira* Adi devAlayoM se suMdara phalavaddhi ( phalodI ) nAma kA gA~va hai| vahA~ phalavarddhi nAma kI devI kA UMce zikharAMvAlA maMdira pratiSThita hai| vaha gA~va Rddhi se samRddha hone para bhI kAlakrama se ujAr3a ho gyaa| phira bhI vahA~ kitane hI vyApArI Akara base / isa avataraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha maMdira caudahavIM zatAbdI taka to phalavarddhikA devI ke nAma se hI pahicAnA jAtA thA, kyoMki zrI jinaprabhasUrijI kA samaya caudahavIM zatAbdI hai| phalavadvikA devI kA nAma brahmANI mAtA kaba se prasiddha huA ? yA brahmANI kA apara nAma phalavaddhikA devI hai, yaha bAta vicAraNIya hai| dUsarA prazna yaha hai ki brahmANI mAtA kA nAma phalavaddhikA devI, phalaudI gA~va ke nAma se huA yA devIjI ke nAma se gA~va kA nAma phalavaddhi ( phalaudhI ) prasiddha huA? pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kA jaina tIrtha hone se pIche se pArasanAtha phalodhI' prasiddha ho jAne ke kAraNa nAma meM bhrama na ho, isa se mAtAjI kA nAma 'brahmANI devI' kahane laga gaye hoM, yaha bhI saMbhava hai| isa zilAlekha meM maMdira ke nirmANa karane vAle sUtra - dhAroM ke vaMza - puruSoM ke nAmoM ke atirikta 'puSkaraNAMka vArI' jo nagara kA nAma AyA hai vaha vartamAna 'puhakaraNa' kA hI nAma hai yA dUsarA ? aura anta meM aNDaja, svedaja, udbhija aura jarAyuja jIvotpatti saMsthAna kA jo nAma AyA hai usakA kyA kAraNa hai ? vidvAna loga khulAsA kreN| isa lekha meM saMvat yA aitihAsika ghaTanA kA ullekha nahIM hai, phira bhI lipi kI dRSTi se yaha mahatva kA hai| maiM likha cukA hU~ ki maMdira ke samakSa eka sundara uttuMga toraNa gajarAja kI bhA~ti avasthita hai| usa toraNa kA TUTA huA vizAla patthara sAmanevAle tAlAba ke nAle meM par3A huA hai| vyavasthApakoM ko cAhie ki vahA~ se uThAkara use yathAsthAna lagavA deM athavA saMbhAlakara rakha deM jisase bhagnAvaziSTa prAcIna zilpa kA nAza na ho| * isase vahA~ mahAvIra jinAlaya kI bhI sattA mAlUma hotI hai jo abhI nahIM hai / [5

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. honI cAhie. saMskRta usakA saMskArita rUpa hai| saMskRta bhASA to vyAkaraNa ke kAraNa bahuta kucha niyamabaddha tathA eka se rUpa meM rahI para prAkRta to jana-sAdhAraNa kI bolacAla kI bhASA thI usapara vyAkaraNa kA baMdhana lAgU nahIM ho sakatA thaa| isaliye prakRti se hI deza-kAla-bheda se usameM parivartana hotA hI rahA, aura vaha parivartana itanA adhika ho gayA ki saMskRta vaiyAkaraNika bhI bahuta se janapracalita zabdoM kI vyutpatti ThIka se nahIM kara pAe / isaliye unhoMne una zabdoM ko dezI aura apabhraMza ke nAma se alaga varga meM rakhakara hI chuTTo le lii| aise zabda hajAroM haiM jinameM se kucha kA saMgraha AcArya hemacaMdra ne 'dezI nAma mAlA' meM kiyA hai para usameM nahIM Ae hue tathA sAhitya meM vyavahRta aura bhI hajAroM dezI zabda milate haiM jinake saMgraha kA prayatna abhI taka nahIM huA. jisakA honA nitAMta Avazyaka hai| isa mahatvapUrNa aura upayogI kArya meM sabase adhika sahAyaka jaina sAhitya evaM lokabhASAoM meM nirmita sAhitya hI ho sakatA hai| 'DholAmArU rA dUhA' ke arthasaMzodhana para vicAra zabda zAstra anaMta hai| eka-eka zabda ke aneka paryAya evaM rUpa milate haiM aura eka-eka zabda ke aneka artha haiN| deza aura kAla ke bheda se zabda rUpoM meM itanA adhika parivartana A jAtA hai ki mUla zabda kI khoja kA kAma bar3A vikaTa ho jAtA hai| eka hI zabda kA artha kisI eka pradeza meM kucha kiyA jAtA hai to anya pradeza meM usase bhinna-sarvathA viparIta hI / vaiyAkaraNoM ne bhI eka zabda kI vyutpatti kaI prakAra se batalAI hai aura usase usake artha meM bahuta bhinnatA A jAtI hai| isaliye sahI artha ko prApta karane meM bar3I kaThinAI hotI hai| bahuta se prAcIna zabda bhulA die jAte haiM kucha nae gar3ha die jAte haiM, kucha kA artha vikRta ho jAtA hai arthAt dIrghakAla ke bAda zabdoM kA rUpa hI parivartita ho jAtA hai ataH arthAnusaMdhAna meM bar3e-bar3e vidvAna bhI pUrNa saphala nahIM ho paate| prAcInakAla se vyAkaraNa tathA kozagratha samaya-samaya para nirmita hote rahe haiM jinase arthAnusaMdhAna meM paryApta sAhAyya milA hai para adhikAMza vyAkaraNa koza saMskRta ke vidvAnoM ne hI banAe. isaliye prAkRta, apabhraza aura lokabhASAoM meM pracalita hajAroM zabda unameM praviSTa na ho sake aura bahuta se zabdoM kI vyutpattiyA~ bhrAMta rUpa meM pAI jAtI haiN| pracIna kAla meM samasta graMthoM kI prApti sulabha nahIM thii| bar3e-bar3e saMgrahAlaya bhI itane nahIM the aura jijJAsuoM kI pahu~ca bhI sarvatra saMbhava nahIM thii| aisI sthiti meM hamAre vyAkaraNa aura kozakAra jitanA bhI kara pAe. vaha bhI bahuta hai aura hamAre liye vaha atyaMta upayogI siddha huA hai para Aja ke yuga meM una kozoM yA nAmamAlAoM se hI kAma nahIM cala sakatA / mudraNayuga meM hajAroM graMtha prakAzita hokara sarvasulabha ho gae haiN| sArA vizva yAtAyAta ke sAdhanoM kI sulabhatA se eka dUsare se saMbaddha ho gayA hai| uttara bhArata kI sabase prAcIna bhASA kauna sI thI, yaha to nahIM kahA jA sakatA para upalabdha sAhitya meM 'veda' hI sabase prAcIna haiM aura unakI bhASA saMskRta hai, isaliye vidvAnoM kI rAya hai ki saMskRta se prAkRta kA vikAsa huA hai para prAkRta evaM saMskRta donoM zabdoM para vicArane para yaha sahaja hI meM patA cala jAtA hai ki prAkRta hI mUla bhASA 6 /

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hajAroM mIla dUra par3e graMthoM ko bhI hama mAikrophilma, phoTosTeTa Adi ke dvArA sahaja prApta kara sakate haiN| aisI sthiti meM vaijJAnika DhaMga se saMpAdita vizAla kozana'thoM kA nirmANa honA paramAvazyaka hai| bhAratavarSa meM pradhAnatayA tIna saMskRtiyoM kA vizeSa prabhAva rahA hai-vaidika saMskRti, zramaNa saMskRti aura dravir3a saMskRti / inameM se dravir3a saMskRti kA prasAra to dakSiNa bhArata meM rahA aura ina dravir3oM kI apanI svataMtra bhASAe~ haiN| yoM to zramaNa va vaidika saMskRti kA udhara bhI pracAra rahA hI hai para uttara bhArata to ina donoM saMskRtiyoM kI bhUmi rahA hai| videzoM ke saMparka se unakI saMskRti kA bhI bhArata para prabhAva par3A / unake hajAroM zabda aura aneka rIti-rivAja bhAratIya janajIvana meM ghula-mila se ge| isaliye Aja ke yuga meM kozakAra kA dAyitva vahuta bar3ha jAtA hai| usakA adhyayana atyaMta vizAla aura vizvasAhitya kA vizAla bhaMDAra usake liye sulabha honA caahie| Ayu bahuta sImita aura yaha kArya vizAla hone se cirakAlApekSita hai| kisI eka hI vyakti kA adhyayana aura ciMtana ekAMgI yA sImita hI ho sakatA hai ataH kaI vidvAnoM kA sAmUhika prayatna varSoM taka cAlU rahe tabhI icchita phala prApta ho sakatA hai| prApya haiM / vIkAnera ke ThAkura rAmasiMha, svargIya sUryakaraNa pArIka aura narottamadAsa svAmI vidatrayI kA dhyAna usa DholAmArU rA dUhA ke mahatva kI ora gayA aura unhoMne san 1931 meM isakA susaMpAdita saMskaraNa nAgarIpracAriNI sabhA se prakAzita kraayaa| jaisA ki DA0 mAtAprasAda gupta ne likhA hai-"vastutaH itane parizrama aura yogyatA ke sAtha hindI kI kama hI racanAoM kA saMpAdana aura artha-spaSTIkaraNa huA hai|" isake katipaya dohoM ke saMbaMdha meM gupta jI ne 'saMzodhana viSayaka kucha sujhAva nAmaka lekha nA0 pra0 patrikA varSa 65 aMka 1 meM prakAzita kiyA hai| yadyapi unhoMne isake liye kAphI zrama kiyA hai. para saMzodhana kI jagaha bahuta se zabdoM ke artha bhramotpAdaka ho gae haiM isaliye yahA~ unameM se kucha zabdoM ke arthoM para hama vicAra kreNge| sa kucha rAjasthAna meM prAcIna sAhitya adhika surakSita rahA hai| vizeSataH jaina maMDAroM meM AdikAlIna rAjasthAnI racanAoM kI anekoM prAcIna hastalikhita pratiyA~ milatI hai| prAcIna lokagAthAoM yA kathAoM para jaina vidvAnoM ne bahuta-sI racanAeM kI haiM / 'DholAmArU rA dUhA' prAcIna rAjasthAnI lokagAthA hai jo pahale dohoM meM kisI jainetara kavi ne guMphita kI thii| jaina kavi kuzalalAma ne apanI 'DholA mArU kI caupAI' meM 'dUhA ghaNA purANA achai caupaI baMdha kiyo maiM pachaI. dvArA una prAcIna dohoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| una prAcIna dohoM kI pacAsoM hastalikhita pratiyA~ rAjasthAna ke jainetara gratha-saMgrahAlayoM meM 1. jima jima mana amale kiai tAra caDhatI jaai| tima tima mAravaNI-taNai tana taraNApau thAi / / 12. DA0 gupta ne 'tAra caDhaMtI jAI' ke artha ke saMbaMdha meM likhA hai ki "caDhatI" kriyA strIliMga kI hai| artha kadAcit honA cAhie tArakamAlA car3hatI jAtI thI' arthAt usake nakSatra apane ucca sthAnoM para hote jAte the", para vAstava meM 'tAra' kA artha yahA~ 'tArakamAlA' nahIM. taraMga hai| rAjasthAna meM tAra isI artha meM Aja bhI prayukta hai| isase pUrva amale kiyai' zabda se esakA sIdhA saMbandha hai| yahA~ 'amala' zabda aphIma ke liye prayukta huA hai-adhikAra ke liye nhiiN| isI graMtha ke 628 veM dohe meM amala kA artha aphIma hI kiyA gayA hai aura vahI artha yahA~ bhI honA cAhie / sAmaMtI yuga meM rAjasthAna meM amala arthAt aphIma kA pracAra bahuta hI adhika thaa| yuddhAdi ke samaya aphIma gAlA jAtA thA aura piyA jAtA thaa| rAjapUtoM meM to viziSTa manuhAra isI kI hotI thii| ataH isa paMkti kA artha isa prakAra kA honA cAhie-amala [7

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kA nazA karane para jyoM jyoM mana meM tAra-taraMgeM car3hatI jAtI haiN| yahA~ tAra zabda kA artha taraMga yA lahareM hI hai| Aja bhI 'amala rai tAra meM bakai hai' ityAdi kahA jAtA hai| tAra' yA taraMgeM strIliMga 'car3hatI' ke sAtha prayukta honA yahA~ upayukta hI hai| 2. bAbahiyA tara' paMkhiyA tai~ kiu~ dInhI lora / maI jANyau piu Aviyau sasahara caMda cakora / 32 yahA~ 'tara' kA artha 'gahare raMga kA para Apatti karate hue. papIhe kA raMga lAla hotA hai aura 451veM dohe meM 'rattar3A bibIha evaM 34veM dohe meM 'rata-paMkhiyA' hone ke kAraNa yahA~ bhI tara kI jagaha pATha rata aura artha ratta-lAla honA cAhie, aisI saMbhAvanA kI hai| para tara zabda gahare raMga ke artha meM Aja bhI prayukta hai. bhale hI vaha harA raMga na hokara lAla raMga Adi ho. jaise gulAbI raMga meM halkA gulAbI aura tara gulAbI / vaise 'tara' zabda 'taru' ke lie bhI prayukta kiyA jA sakatA hai aura taba isakA artha hogA 'tara-pakSI' arthAt per3a kA pkssii| gRhasthI jamAI hai aura mujhe usane mana se vismRta kara chor3a diyA hai" batalAyA hai| para yaha artha sarvathA galata aura hAsyAspada hai| DholA naravara kA adhivAsI thA, ataH dillI meM ghara karane kA artha nahIM jNctaa| 'DhIlI' kA artha 'zithila', sarvathA ThIka hai aura hara zabda kA prayoga rAjasthAna / meM 'premasmRti' ke liye prasiddha hai ataH 'DholAmArU rA dUhA' ke saMpAdakoM ne prema ko zithila kara diyA jo artha diyA hai vahI sahI hai| gupta jI ne 'DhIlI' strIliMga sakarmaka kriyA ke 'smara' puliMga karma ke sAtha lagane meM Apatti uThAI hai| para hara' dezI zabda hai aura usakA artha 'prema-smRti' yA 'olU hotA hai jisakA strIliMga DhIlI ke sAtha bhI prayoga Apattijanaka nahIM hai| 5. DholA 'DhIlI hara mujha' dIThau ghaNe jaNeha / cola-baranne kappar3e sAvara dhana aNeha ||139 3. DhADhI guNI bolAviyA rAkA tiNahI tAla / naravara gaDha Dholai-kanhai jAvau 'vAgaravAla' ||105 isa dohe kA artha 'DholAmArU ra dUhA' ke saMpAdakoM ne 'merI prema smRti ko zithila kara' kiyA hai| kiMtu guptajI ne na jAne kahA~ se 'mujha' kA mujhe kara diyA aura usakA artha 'merI' kI jagaha 'mujhako kara diyA hai| dohA naM0 138 kI bhA~ti 'DholI hara' kA artha 'dillI meM ghara' na kara yahA~ 'DholI hara' spaSTa hI DhIlI dharA-dillI pradeza hai likhA hai| uparyukta dohe kI bhA~ti isa dohe kA artha bhI saMpAdakoM ne ThIka kiyA thA para guptajI ne galata arthakalpanA kI hai| isa dohe kI saMkhyA 106 likhakara gupta jI ne AlocanA kI hai para dohA naM0 105 hI hai| ataH mudraNa doSa honA saMbhava hai| isameM gupta jI ne 'vAgaravAla' kA artha vAgar3a' pradeza kA nivAsI batalAyA hai| para vAgar3a kA prayoga kahIM bhI rAjasthAnI meM vAgara nahIM miltaa| 4. DholA 'DhIlI hara kiyA mukyA manaha visAri / saMdesau ina pAThavai jIvAM kisaiadhAri / / 138 "yahA~ 'DhIlI' aura 'hara' spaSTa hI kramazaH 'dillI' aura saM0 'gRha' hai" likhakara guptajI ne prathama caraNa kA Azaya "DholA ne dillI meM ghara kiyA hai-vivAha kara 6. bIjuliyA~ 'jAlaumilyA~' DholA hU~ na sahesi / jau AsAdi na Aviyau sAvaNa camaki maresi / / 151 guptajI ne 'jAlau milyA~' ko 'jAla umilyo' karake umilla < unmIla=prakAzamAna, ullasita artha diyA hai para hameM usakI koI AvazyakatA nahIM pratIta hotI ! jAlau zabda jvAlA ke liye prayukta ho sakatA hai aura taba usakA artha hogA - "yadi tuma ASAr3ha meM na Ae 8]

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to vidyut jvAlA ke prakAzamAna hone para he DholA. vaha maiM nahIM saha sakUgI aura zrAvaNa meM ( usa bijalI kI camaka se) cauMka kara mara jaauuNgii|" joDaNIkoza ke pR0 890 para maherANa (Di0 maherANa) saM0 mahArNava-samudra likhA hai| 9. ati ghaNa Unimi Aviyau 'jhAjhI riThi' jhar3avAi / baga hI bhalA ta bappar3A dharaNi na mukkA pAi / / 257 7. vIjuliyA~ 'pArokiyA~ nITha ja nogamiyA~ha / ajai na sajjana bAhur3e vali pAchIvaliyA~ha / / 153 yahA~ guptajI ne 'pArokiyoM' kA artha 'parakIyA na.yikAoM kI bhA~ti' ko asaMbhava batala te hue 'parokSa huI aura kaThinatA se gaI likhA hai| para parokSa honA aura nirgamana karanA donoM eka hI artha ke dyotaka haiM jise svIkAra karane para dohe meM punaruktidoSa A jAtA hai para saMpAdakoM kA uparyukta artha AlaMkArika hone ke sAtha-sAtha rAjasthAnI bhASA-paddhati se bhI viparIta nahIM isa dohe ke dUsare pada kA artha 'atyaMta zIta jhar3I kI vAyu cala rahI hai' likhA huA hai, jisakI vyutpatti para Apatti karate hue guptajI ne 'jhAjhI' [ jhaMjha-kleza ] = klezapUrNa tathA 'riThi' riSTi= talavAra] se "jhar3IvAlI vAyu kaSTaprada talavAra [ jaisI ] ho rahI hai" likhA hai| para jhAjhI zabda gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM paryApta prasiddha hai| isakA artha atyaMta va bahuta ke rUpa meM vyavahRta hotA hai| joDaNI koza meM jhAjhaM kA artha jyAdA va puSkala likhA hai yahI artha gujarAtI-iMgaliza DikzanarI meM ( mora, greTara ) kiyA gayA hai| evaM 'riThi' kA artha adhika zIta kA paryAyavAcI hai| adhika ThaMDa par3ane para kahate haiM--'sI kaI paDai riThTha par3e haiN| ataH saMpAdakoM kA artha . ThIka lagatA hai| jaataa| 8. mana sIMcANau jai huvai. pA~khA~ huvai ta prANa / jAi milIjai sAjaNA~ DohIjai 'mahirA~Na || 211 isa dohe ke 'mahirA~Na' zabda kA artha mahAraNya aura usakI vyutpatti saMskRta mahArNava se saMpAdakoM ne batalAI hai| para guptajI ne donoM ko saMbhava na mAnate hue "vaha to mahI+rANa hai. yaha rANa hai< prA0 raNa< saM0 araNya" likhA hai, para yahA~ pATha ke 'mahi' ko 'mahI' kara diyA hai jisakA koI kAraNa nahIM btlaayaa| Age phira artha araNya kara diyA hai jo saMpAdakoM ne likhA hI thA phira use saMbhava nahIM likhanA kahA~ taka ThIka hai? mahI+rANa kA artha spaSTa nahIM kiyaa| 10. vIchur3atAM I sajjaNA~ rAtA kiyA ratanna / vArA~ vihu~ cihu~ nAMkhIyA A~sU motI-vranna / / 369 isake tRtIya caraNa kA artha saMpadakoM ne 'dina rAta lagAtAra girAe' kiyA thaa| guptajI ne donoM dina maiMne cAroM ( ora ) girAye kiyA hai| yahA~ 'dina' aura 'ora' zabda apanI tarapha se lagAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM thii| yadi vArA~ zabda kA artha dina' aura ora kiyA ho to sarvathA asaMgata hai kyoMki do dina cAroM ora A~sU girAne kA koI artha nhiiN| hamArI rAya meM yahA~ vAroM kA artha kueM se pAnI nikAlane kA 'vArA honA cAhie jo ki rAjasthAna meM paryApta prasiddha hai| yaha jholInumA bar3A-sA Dola hotA hai / muhAvarA bhI prasiddha hai ki AkhyAMsu A~sU rA vArA rA vArA nA~dai hai ataH isakA artha honA cAhie-netra-kUpa se motI-varaNe azruoM ke do cAra vAre girAe / mahiroMNa rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI sAhitya meM ati prasiddha zabda hai aura use kozakAroM aura vidvAnoM ne mahArNava se hI vyutpanna mAnA hai| prAcIna phAgusaMgraha pR0 276 para mahirANa pu0 mahAsAgara 32-9 [saM0 mahArNava 'sara0 guja0 maherANa, maherAmaNa ] likhA hai tathA gujarAtI

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11. sajjaNiyA~ vaulAi kA maMdira baiThI Ai / maMdira kAlau nAgajiu~ 'helau de de khAi' / / 371 hogA-bhare hue kaTore ke ulaTa jAne kI taraha netra (ubhara kara A~sU ) chalaka.ne lge| 13. bara mehA~ pavanAha~ jyau~ karaha uDaMdau jAi / pUgala jAi pragaDau karai mAravaNi dAi // 387 'helau de deM' kA artha saMpadakoM ne 'pukAra pukAra kara' kiyA thA para guptajI, "helA kA artha anAdara, upekSA hotA hai| isalie 'helau de deM' kA artha hogA anAdara yA upekSA karate hue" likhate haiN| para mahala kyA anAdara-upekSA karegA? aura kAlA nAga bhI, jisakI yahA~ upamA hai. upekSA se nahIM kATatA, krodha se kATatA hai| ataH yahA~ helA zabda kA artha pukAranA hI hogA jo rAjasthAna meM atyadhika prayukta hotA hai| yahA~ kavi kA abhiprAya hai-priyatamA ke cale jAne para sUne mahala kI pratidhvani kA guMjAra aisA lagatA hai mAno kAlA nAga pukAra-pukAra kara khAne ko udyata ho| na mAlUma kyoM guptajI ne isa dohe ke 'uDadau' zabda ko 'udaMDau' likhakara eka gaMbhIra bhUla kI hai| saMpAdakoM ne jaisA ki unhoMne likhA hai 'udaMDAM' kA artha 'ur3atA huA kiyA hai para mUla pATha meM 'uDaMdau' hai aura usakA artha ur3atA huA karanA sarvathA upayukta hI hai| guptajI ne bhrAMtivaza pATha 'udaMDa' ko "kiMtu yaha pragaTa hI uddaDa hai". batalAyA hai| 'uDatau' yA 'uDaMdau' rAjasthAnI uccAraNa kA bheda hai-karaMta karaMdA, lahaMtA lahaMdA Adi uccAraNa uttara rAjasthAnI aura paMjAba meM paryApta pracalita haiN| 12. sajjaNiyA vavalAi kai gaukhe caDhI lahakka / bhariyA nayaNa kaTora jyau~, mu~dhA huI 'Dahakka' // 372 14. karahA iNa 'kuli gA~maDaikihA~ sa nAgaraveli / kari kairA~' hI pAraNau ai dina yU hI Theli / / 430 yahA~ saMpAdakoM ne 'kuli gA~mar3aI kA artha choTA-sA gA~va kiyA hai| rAjasthAnI meM kahAvata 'kula gA~va meM iraMDiyo I rUkha' (saM0 nirastapAdapedeze eraNDopidra mAyate ) prasiddha haiN| isameM choTe se gA~va se hI rAjasthAnI kahAvata kA abhiprAya hai| guptajI ne kuligAma < prA0 kuDayagAma < saM0 kuTajagrAma-jhopar3iyoM kA gA~va, batalAyA hai. yaha vyutpatti vicAraNIya hai| donoM kA Azaya eka ho hai| isa dohe ke 'Dahakka' zabda kA artha saMpAdakoM ne bilakhanA kiyA hai, para : guptajI use anumAnika artha batalAte haiM, kiMtu bAta aisI nahIM hai| prAmANika hiMdI koza meM bhI Dahakane kA artha bilakhanA, vilApa karanA, dahAr3a mAranA pAyA jAtA hai aura mu~dhA huI Dahakka pUre vAkya para vicAra karane se guptajI ne jo huI Dahakka kA artha 'dagdha huI kiyA hai vaha samIcIna nahIM lgtaa| dohA saM0 476 meM bhI Dahaka zabda AtA hai. vahA~ 'dagdha' artha kI kisI taraha saMgati nahIM baitthtii| saMbhava hai isIliye upayukta dohe kI AlocanA karate hue Age guptajI ne 'Dahakka' ko 'haDakka' likhakara usakI koI AlocanA nahIM kI hai| hamAre khyAla se muMdhA zabda kA artha yahA~ mugdhA na hokara UMdhA ( ulaTA) hogaa| rAjasthAna meM Aja bhI yaha zabda isI artha meM paryApta pracalita hai| Dahakane kA artha gujarAto joDaNI koza meM ubharanA yA chalakanA kiyA gayA hai| ina donoM zabdoM ke ina arthoM ke prakAza meM isa paMkti kA artha tIsare caraNa meM kaha" zabda ke karIra artha para Apatti karate hue "kahara (saM0 kadara nAma kA vRkSa) jise zveta khadira bhI kahA jAtA hai tathA saM0 karIra, prA0 karIla hI ho gayA hai 'kahara' nahIM" likhA hai| para rAjasthAna meM kaira kA vRkSa bahutAyata se hotA hai| kavi badrIdAna jI ne 'kairasatasaI banAI hai jisameM 700 dohe kaira vRkSa para likhe haiN| prA0 kayara puM0 [krakara ] 1. vRkSa vizeSa karIra, karIla : (saM0 256) / 2. karIra 10]

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kA phala ( pabhA0 14 ) - pAiyasadda mahANNavo', pR0 284 / kayara kaira meM koI aMtara nahIM vrajabhUmi meM bhI kaira ( karIra ) vRkSa hotA hai yathA-"koTina hU~ kaladhauta ke dhAma, karIla ke kuMjana Upara vAroM" ( rasakhAna ) / ataH khadIra vRkSa guptajI kI kalpanA mAtra hai| isI pAiyasadda mahANNavoM ke pR0 337 meM sahara ko khadira vRkSa batalAyA hai jo kahara vRkSa se alaga hai| 15. suNi DholA karahau kahai, mo mani moTI Asa / "karoM" kaMpala navi carU, laMghaNa par3aI pacAsa // 431 isa dohe ke artha meM bhI guptajI ne kaira ko kadara vRkSa batalAte hue uparyukta dohe ke vivecana meM "karIra meM aisI ka~paleM hotI bhI nahIM jinheM U~Ta cara sakeM" likhakara naI Apatti uThAI hai para kaira vRkSa meM kU paleM, phUla, 'vATA' tathA 'kaira', phala Adi sabhI hote haiN| U~Ta kaira ko khAtA hai| rAjasthAna meM kahAvata prasiddha hai ki 'U~Ta choDe Aka, bakarI chor3e DhAka' | 16. Dholaha karai vimAsiyau dekhe bIsa vasAla U~ce thalai ja ekalo. 'vaccAlai' evAla // 435 yahA~ 'vacAla' zabda kA artha saMpAdakoM ne 'bIca meM kiyA hai| rAjasthAnI meM Aja bhI isake 'vicAle' rUpa kA prayoga isI artha meM paryApta pracalita hai| guptajI ise vaca, dhAtu se vaccAlai = 'kahA' likhate haiM, para yaha kaSTa kalpanA aura avyAvahArika hai| aba taka kahIM yaha zabda kahA' ke artha meM prayukta nahIM dekhA gayA hai| 17. durajaNa kerA bolar3A mata 'pA~tarajau' koya / agatI haMtI kalai khagajhI sAca na hoya // 446 isa dohe ke 'patirajau' kA atha" "dhokhA sAnA kiyA gayA hai jo 'pratAraNA se vyutpanna honA saMbhava hai| guptajI "prA0 pattijja < saM0 prati + i ( vizvAsa karanA, pratIti karanA) se banA huA jJAta hotA hai" likhate haiN| para yaha kaSTa kalpana' hai| dhokhA na khAnA yA pratIti na karanA donoM kA phalitArtha to eka hI hai / 18. AdItA hU~ Ujalo, mAravaNI mukha vranna / jhINAM kappar3a pahiraNai 'jaoNNi saha' sovanna // 463 - . yahA~ 'jhakhar3a' kA artha saMpAdakoM ne jhalaka rahA hai kiyA hai para guptajI ne "prA0 jhakha kA artha 'saMtapta honA hai ataH 'jAni jhasai sovanna kA artha hAMgA 'mAno sonA tapa rahA ho likhA hai| para jhA~khanA kriyA prasiddha hai aura jaise jharokhe meM se jhA~kate haiM usI prakAra jhIne vastroM meM se svarNavarNI deha jhA~katI hai yA jhalakatI hai, artha samIcIna hai| prAmANika hiMdI koza Adi se mI Ar3a meM se jhukakara dekhane kA artha samarthita hai| jhIne vastroM meM se 'mAno sonA tapa rahA ho' likhanA koI atha nahIM rkhtaa| 19. dohA 464 meM 'jhA~sa' zabda AyA hai jisake liye guptajI ne dohA saM0 463 kA vivecana dekhane kI sUcanA kI hai ataH yahA~ bhI uparyukta dohe kA vivecana dekhanA caahie| 20. DIMbhU laMka. marAli gaya, pika-sara ehI vA~Ni / DholA yahI mAruI, jeha 'haMjha nirvANi // 460 isa dohe meM 'haMjha nivaNi' kA artha saMpAdakoM ne 'sarovara meM sthita haMsa kiyA hai jisapara Apatti karate hue guptajI haMjha 8 kanyA va nirvANa'parama sukha' se 'nirvANa kanyA' atha honA cAhie likhate haiM, para hameM yaha artha asaMgata lagatA hai| nirvANa mokSa ko kahate haiM rAjasthAnI meM nirvANa nIce sthAna ke liye prayukta hotA hai| 'nIra nivaNe-dharama ThikANai' kahAvata pracalita hai kavivara samayasuMdara jinasiMha sUri caumAsA gIta meM bhAdrava mAsa ke varNana meM likhate haiM 'bhalai Ayau bhAibau' nIra bharayA nIvANo jI yahA~ nivANa kA atha [ 11

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jalAzaya spaSTa hai| ataH saMpAdakoM kA atha adhika ThIka lagatA hai| yaha zabda isI artha meM rAjasthAna meM paryApta prasiddha hai| isI gratha ke pR0 529 para 'preyasI se raMga karo n|' evaM pRSTha 615 (zabdakoza) para 'upabhoga karo na!' spaSTa likhA hai| guptajI ne 'raMga kr| na' zabda ko sarvathA kalpita batalAyA hai para rAjasthAna ke lokagIta Adi meM . raMga mANanA zabda 'bhogane ke artha meM sarvavidita hai| 21. uri gayavara nai paga bhamara, hAlaMtI gaya hNjh'| __ mArU pArevAha jyU, aMsI rattA maMjha // 474 isa dohe meM hAlaMto gaya haMjha' ke artha 'haMsa kI cAla se calatI haiM para Apatti darzAte hue guptajI 'gaya haMjha' kA artha 'gajakanyA honA cAhie' batalAte haiM para isake liye uparyukta dohA saM0460 dekhanA cAhie / 24. daMta jisA dAr3ama-'kulI' sIsa phUla siNagAra / kAne kuMDala malahalai kaMTha TaiMkAvala hAra / / 480 22. kasatUrI kaDi kevar3o, 'masakata' jAya mahaka / mArU dAr3ama phUla jima, dina dina navI Dahakka // 476 yahA~ saMpAdakoM ke kie hue 'mahaka ur3atI jA rahI ho artha ko nirAdhAra batalAte hue gupta jI ne jAya ko jAtI-puSpa aura masakata zabda ke liye"kisI videzI puSpa kA nAma lagatA hai. jo kabhI 'masakata' nAma ke nagara se isa deza meM AyA huA hogA" kI nirAdhAra kalpanA kI hai| jAya kA artha jAhI puSpa honA asaMbhava nahIM para yahA~ 'masakata' zabda mastaka kA viparyaya lagatA hai kyoMki rAjasthAnI bolacAla meM aisA viparyaya vyavahRta hai| ataH 'usake mastaka se uparyukta phUloM kI saurabha ur3a rahI thI' ke bhAva se likhA jAnA saMbhava hai| guptajI ne likhA hai ki "kulI kA artha kalI kiyA gayA hai ( pR0 158)" para vAstava meM kalI' artha kiyA hI nahIM, kulI kA artha 'dAnA' kiyA hai jise guptaja. ne dADima bIja likhA hai ataH sapAdakoM kI koI galatI nahIM hai| guptajI ne na mAlUma kahA~ se kalI zabda likhakara AlocanA kI hai| Age ve 'kulI' kA artha 'kula kA hai' karate haiM, ataH caraNa ke pUrvArddha kA artha hogA, 'usake dA~ta mAnoM dADimakula ke haiM' para dADimakula kA kyA Azaya hai ? dADima kulI se jo upamA dI jAtI hai vaha dADima ke dAnoM ( bIjoM) se hI saMbaMdhita hai| 25. DeDariyA khiNa-mai huvai. ghaNa bUThai'sarajitta' / / 548 23. DholA. sAyadhaNa 'mA~Nane jhINI pA~saliyA~ha / kai lAme hara pUjiyA~. hemAle galiyA~ha / / 477 isa dohe ke 'mA~Nane' zabda ke artha para Apatti karate hue guptajI ne likhA hai ki saMpAdakoM ne 'mANane' kA artha bar3I kiyA hai para vAstava meM unhoMne 'mANane' kA artha bar3I nahIM kiyA hai| unhoMne to 'jhINI pA~saliyA~ha kA artha 'paMsuliyA~ bar3I sukumAra hai'. kiyA hai aura mA~Nane kA artha raMga (prema) karane ke liye kiyA hai| yahA~ 'sarajita' zabda kA artha saMjIvita kiyA gayA hai, kintu guptajI likhate haiM-"kiMtu yaha spaSTa hI < saM0 sarjita ( = banAyA huA) hai|'' yaha vAstava meM galata hai| rAjasthAna meM saMjIvana ko sarajIvaNa kahate haiM jisakI bhUtakAlika kriyA sarajitta kA yahAM prayoga huA hai| meMDhaka ke liye to yaha prasiddha hI hai ki yadi usake zarIra ko cUrNa karake barasAtI pAnI meM DAla diyA jAya to vaha punarjIvita ho uThatA hai| varSA ke abhAva meM jo mara jAte haiM ve varSA hote hI saMjIvita ho jAte haiN| meMDhaka banAe yA sarjita kie nahIM jAte. balki varSA meM apane Apa saMjIvita ho uThate haiM / 12]

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26. jiNa bhui pannaga pIyaNA 'kayara'-kaMTAlA rUkha // 661 yahA~ kayara' zabda kA artha guptajI saM0 kadara ktalAte haiN| isakA artha kaira hI hotA hai| dohA saM0 430 meM isakA vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai| yahA~ katipaya dohoM ke arthasaMzodhana para hI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isake atirikta aura bhI unake kie hue bahuta se zabdoM ke artha vicAraNIya haiN| tIsa varSa pUrva svAmI jI Adi ne anusaMdhAna kA jitanA suMdara prayatna kiyA thA vaha avazya hI sarAhanIya hai| guptajI jaise vidvAna ne artha saMzodhana karate huye kitanI adhika bhUleM ko haiM yaha uparyukta vicAraNA se pAThakagaNa svayaM samajha leNge| hote haiM, yaha jAna lenA bhI atyaMta Avazyaka hotA hai kyoMki vahIM usake artha kI paraMparA sahI rUpa meM prApta ho sakatI hai| kevala eka gratha meM hI nahIM, anekoM graMthoM va bolacAla meM bhI ve zabda vyavahRta hote haiM isaliye kahA~ aura kisa artha meM kauna-sA zabda prayukta huA hai. ise dhyAna meM rakhate hue arthasaMgati ThIka se baiThAI jA sakatI hai| uparyukta vicAraNA se vidvAna evaM pAThakagaNa isa bAta ko acchI taraha anubhava kara sakeMge ki 'DholA mArU rA dUhA' meM prayukta zabda Aja bhI rAjasthAna meM paryApta prasiddha aura vyavahata haiN| gupta jI ke kiye hue kaI artha to bar3e vicitra se lagate haiN| astu, anya vidvAna bhI isa saMbaMdha meM vizeSa prakAza DAleMge, aisI AzA hai| abhI bahuta se zabdoM ke artha vicAraNIya haiN| zabdoM kA sahI artha jAnane ke liye jo racanA jisa prAMta kI ho, usa prAMta meM ve zabda kisa artha meM prayukta [ 13

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saMkhyA nyUnAdhika hone para bhI lokapriyatA ke kAraNa "caurAsI" hI batAI gaI haiN| isa nibandha meM hameM caurAsI saMkhyA vAlI jitanI bAteM jJAta huI haiM. batalAne kA prayatna karate haiN| sarvaprathama 2500 varSa prAcIna jaina samavAyAMga sUtra ke 84 beM samavAya meM isa saMkhyA ke viSaya meM jitanI bAteM milatI haiM, unakA nirdeza, mUla pATha ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai: caurAsI saMkhyAtmaka bAteM bhAratIya sAhitya meM kaI-kaI saMkhyAoM kA atyadhika pracAra dekhane meM AtA hai| kaI saMkhyAoM kI ora janatA kI vizeSa abhiruci pAI jAtI hai, jisa prakAra 9, 11, 21. 84.108 ityaadi| jaba kisI vastu ke bheda, prabheda ke nAma nirdeza kiye jAte haiM to kucha hInAdhika hote hue bhI khIMca-tAnakara unakI saMkhyA ko apanI abhISTa aura lokapriya nikaTavartI kisI saMkhyA taka pahu~cAne kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra kisI vastu ko saMkhyA 19, 20 hotI ho to use 21 kara diyA jAtA hai| kyoMki 19. 20 se 21 kI saMkhyA ko loga adhika acchI mAnate haiN| "caurAsIi nirayavAsaMsahassA, pnntaa| usameNaM arahA kosalie caurAsIi puvva sayA-sahassAI savvAuyaM pAlaittA siddha vuddhe jAva ppahINe. evaM bharaho vAhubalo vaMbhI sundrii| sijjaMseNa arahA caurAsIi vAsa saya sahassAI savvAuyaM pAlayittA siddhe jAva ppahINe / tiviTThaNa vAsudeve caurAsII vAsa saya-sahassAiM savvAuyaM pAlaittA appaiTThANe narai neraiyattAe uvvnne| sakkassaNaM deviMdassa devaranno caurAsIi sAmaNiya sAhassIo paM0 / savveviNaM vAhirayA maMdarA caurAsIiM2 joyaNa sahassAI uDDa uccateNaM paM0, savveviNiM aMjiNa pavvayA caurAsIiM 2 joyaNa sahassAI uDDa uccateNaM paM0, harivAsa rammaya vAsiyANaM jIvANaM dhaNupiTThA caurAsI joyaNa sahassAi solasa joyaNAi cattAriya bhAgA joyaNassa parikkheveNaM pN0| paMka bahulassaNa kaMDassa uvarillAo caramaMtAo heTThile caramaMte esaNaM caurAsIi joyaNa sahassAi abAhAe aMtare paM0. vivAhapannatIeNa bhagavatIe caurAsIi paya sahassA padaggeNaM paM0 caurAsIi nAgakumArA vAsa saya sahassA paM0. caurAsIi painnaga sahassAi paM0. caurAsII joNi pamuha sayasaharasa paM0 puvvAiyANaM sIsa-paheliyA pajjavasANANaM caurA. sIe guNakAre paM0. usamassaNaM arahao caurAsIi samaNa sAhassIo hotthaa| savvevi caurAsIi vimANA vAsa sahassA sattANauiMca sahassA tevIsaMca vimANA bhavatIti makkhAyaM / / " sUtra 84 arthAt-caurAsI lAkha narakAvAsa. arhanta zrI RSabhadeva kI Ayu bhI 84 lakSa pUrva. brAhmI, sundarI aura bharata kAvyagranthoM meM kaI akSaroM ko dagdhAkSara batA kara kAvyaracanA meM unakA prayoga niSiddha kiyA gayA hai| aise bahuta se udAharaNa haiM jinameM unake prayoga se bahuta aniSTa honA pAyA jAtA hai / isIprakAra lipilekhaka loga bhI kaI akSaroM ko azubha samajha kara likha kara uThate samaya prati meM una akSaroM ko anta meM lAkara nahIM chodd'te| saMkhyAoM meM bhI tIna. teraha Adi saMkhyAe~ kaI bAtoM meM acchI nahIM samajhI jaatiiN| kaI saMkhyAoM ko uttama samajha kara unakA adhikAdhika prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| caurAsI saMkhyA kA vyavahAra bhI bahuta sthAnoM meM milatA hai, jinameM se kaI sArthaka bhI haiM, aura kaiyoM kI 14]

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zIrSaprahelikAMga zIrSaprahelikA cUlikAMga, cUlikA, kahate haiN| ** bAhubalI kI bhI itanI hI Ayu, zreyAMsanAtha arihaMta kI 84 lakSa varSoM kI Ayu. tripRSTa vAsudeva kI Ayu bhI 84 lakSa varSoM kI thii| devendra zakra ke 84 hajAra sAmAnika deva haiN| vAhara ke saba meru parvata 84000 yojana UMce haiM, isI prakAra samasta aMjanagiri bhI harivAsa aura ramyaka kSetra ke jIvoM kI dhanupRSTa kA vistAra 84416 yojana kA hai| paMkabahula nAmaka pRthva kAMDa ke Upara ke caramAnta se nIce ke caramAnta taka 84 lAkha yojana kA abAdhita antara hai| paMcamAGga bhagavatI sUtra ke 84 hajAra pada haiN| nAgakumAroM ke caurAsI lAkha AvAsa kahe haiN| 84 hajAra prakIrNaka, 84 lakSa jIvA yoni* pUrva se lekara zIrSaprahelikA taka pahale se pIche taka caurAsI lAkha kA guNAkAra kahA hai| zrI RSabhadeva bhagavAna kI sAdhusampadA bhI 84000 kI thI / saba milakara vaimAnika devoM ke vimAna 84 lAkha 97 hajAra aura 23 haiM aisA zrI bhagavAna ne pharamAyA hai| Upara jo pUrva se lekara zIrSaprahelikA kI gaNanA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai usakA vistRta khulAsA paMcama aMga bhagavatI sUtra meM isa prakAra kiyA hai caurAsI kI saMkhyA hamAre sAhitya evaM dainika vyavahAra meM itanI vyApaka ho gaI hai ki dharma, samAja, vaidyaka, jyotiSa, taMtra, saMgIta. chanda, yoga, bhoga ( kAmazAstra) Adi aneka viSayoM meM isakI pradhAnatA ke darzana hote haiN| pAThakoM kI jAnakArI ke liye jJAta 84 bAtoM kI sUcI nIce dI jA rahI hai| isameM jainAgama samavAyAMga sUtra ke 84 samavAya ko pahale uddhRta karane ke kAraNa jaina sambandhita 84 bAtoM kA paricaya pahale dekara phira sArvajanika 84 bAtoM kA paricaya karAyA jaaygaa| 1. jaina muniyoM kA dIkSita hote samaya nAma badala diyA jAtA hai taba jese saMnyAsiyoM meM girI, purI, bhAratI Adi 10 nAmAnta pada vAle nAma rakkhe jAte haiM, usI prakAra kharataragaccha meM muniyoM ke 84 nAmAnta padoM ko 'naMdI' kahA jAtA hai| hamAre anveSaNa se yadyapi aise nAmAnta pada 84 se adhika mile haiN| muniyoM kI bhA~ti sAdhviyoM ke bhI 84 nAmAnta pada kahe jAte haiN| 2. jainadharma ke do pradhAna sampradAya haiM-digambara evaM zvetAmbara / ina donoM sampradAyoM meM mAnyatA bheda 84 mAne jAte haiM jinake sambandha meM hemarAja kA hindI padyAtmaka grantha evaM usake pratyuttara meM upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI kA "digaMbara 84 bola ' grantha upalabdha hai| ina bheToM kI sacI ko bhI anekAMta varSa 2 aMka 2 meM 84 lAkha varSa kA 1 pUrvAGga, 84 lAkha pUrvAGga kA ? pUrva, isI prakAra pratyeka saMkhyA ko 84 se guNana karane se jo saMkhyA AtI hai use anukrama se truTitAMga, truTita, aDaDAMga. aDaDa, avavA~ga. avava. hUhUAMga. hUhUa. utpalAMga, utpala, padmAMga, padma. nalinAMga. nalina, artha- niurAMga, artha niura. ayutAMga, ayuta. nayutAMga nayuta, *jaina zAstrAnusAra 7 lAkha pRthvIkAya. 7 lAkha apakAya, 7 lAkha tejakAya, 7 lAkha vAyukAya, 10 lAkha pratyeka vanaspati kAya, 14 lAkha sAdhAraNa vanaspati kAya.2 lAkha do indriya.2 lAkha tIna indriya, 2 lAkha cAra indriya.4 lAkha devatA, 4 lAkha nArakI. 4 lAkha tiryaMca paMcendrI. 14 lAkha manuSya isa prakAra 84 lakSa jIvayoni kI saMkhyA mAnI jAtI hai taba jainetara granthoM meM jalacara 9 lAkha. manuSya 4 lAkha. sthAvara 27 lAkha, kRmi 11 lAkha, pakSI 10 lAkha. catuSpada 23 lAkha isa prakAra 84 lAkha jIvayoni kahI jAtI hai / ** anekAMta, varSa 3 aMka 9, "jainagranthoM meM samayagaNanA" zIrSaka lekha /

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prakAzita kara cukA huuN| vaise digambara zvetAmbara ke 716 bheda bhI kahe jAte haiM para ve prApta nahIM hue| 3. bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke puNDarIkAdi 84 gaNadhara the| 4. AcArya sthUlibhadra kA nAma 84 cauvIzI taka prasiddha rahane kA kahA jAtA hai| 5. jaina maMdiroM meM 84 kArya niSiddha haiM jinheM 'AzAtanA' kahate haiN| hamAre prakAzita 'jinarAja-bhakti Adarza' meM 84 AzAtanAoM kI sUcI prakAzita hai| 6. 14vIM zatAbdI ke suprasiddha jaina zreSThI pethar3azAha ne 84 sthAnoM para jaina maMdira banAye the| somatilakasUri ke 'caitya-stotra' meM unake nAmoM kI sUcI prApta hai| 7. pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha poravADa vaMzIya dharaNAzAha ne rANakapurameM kalApUrNa trailokyadIpaka jaina maMdira banAyA jisameM 84 dehariyoM ke hone kA ullekha mahopAdhyAya samayasundara jI ne kiyA hai-"deharI caurAsI dIpatI re lAla / " 8 vaise jainAgamoM kI saMkhyA 45 kahI jAtI hai para 'jaina granthAvalI' meM AgamoM kI saMkhyA 84 batalAte hue unake nAmoM kI tAlikA prakAzita kI gaI hai| 'jaina sAhitya no saMkSipta itihAsa' evaM 'zIghrabodha' meM ye nAma bhinna prakAra se diye gaye haiN| 9. jainAgama 'sUtra kRtAGga sUtra meM tatkAlIna 363 pAkhaMDiyoM-matavAdoM kA ullekha hai usameM akriyAvAdI ke 84 bheda batalAye gaye haiN| 10. digambara sampradAya ke pradhAna evaM prAcIna AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM ke nAma 'pAhur3a, (prAbhUta) saMjJaka kahe jAte haiM evaM unakI saMkhyA bhI 84 hone kA premI jI Adi ne ullekha kiyA hai. para sUcI abhI taka 52 pAhur3oM kI hI jJAta hai, evaM unameM se upalabdha to bahuta thor3e se hI haiN| (de0 pariziSTa ) 11. aMcalagaccha kI bar3I paTTAvalI meM 84 gaccha sthApaka 84 AcAryoM ke nAma diye haiN| 12. upakezagaccha ke 84 AcArya paraMparA kI nAmAvali 'jainajAtimahodaya' meM prakAzita hai / (dekho pariziSTa) 13. bIkAnera ke vRhad jaina jJAna bhaMDAra meM 84 viruda chaMda haiM jinameM 84 virudoM ke nAma haiN| 14. 'prabhAvaka - caritrAnusAra' zAMtisUrijI ne 84 . vAdoM meM vijaya prApta ko thI evaM rAjA bhoja se unheM 84 lAkha rupayoM kI prApti huI thii| 15. pattana maMDAra sUcI ke pR0 245 ke anusAra abhayadevasUrijI bhI 84 vAdavijetA the| 'bharatabAhubalirAsa' kI prastAvanAnusAra rAjagaccha ke pradyumnasUri bhI 84 vAda-vijetA the| 16. 'upadezataraMginI' evaM 'paTTAvalI samuccaya' ke pR0 245 meM vAdidevasUri ko bhI 84 vAdavijetA batalAyA gayA hai / 17. suprasiddha jainAcArya hemacaMdrasUri kI Ayu 84 varSa kI thii| 18. 'prabhAvakacaritrA' nusAra 84 zrAvakoM ne navAGga TIkAoM kI 84 pratilipiyeM karavA ke AcAryoM ko meMTa kii| 19. gaNadhara sArdhazataka vRhadvRti' ke anusAra varddhamAnasari jI ke guru jinacaMdrAcArya 84 devagRhoM ke nAyaka the| 'prabhAvakacaritrA'nusAra varddhamAnasUri bhI 84 caityoM ke nAyaka the| 20. uparyukta grantha meM pATaNa meM sUrAcAryAdi 84 caityavAsI AcArya the, likhA hai| 21. vAdidevasUri ke 'syAdavAdaratnAkara' grantha kA parimANa 84 hajAra zloka pramANa hai / 22. caurAsI saMkhyAsUcaka varSoM meM jo-jo pradhAna ghaTanAyeM huI unameM se katipaya ye haiN| (1) vIrAt 84 ajamera myUjiyama kA sabase prAcIna jaina lekha / (2) vIrAt 184 meM caMdragupta kA svargavAsa / bindusAra kA raajyaarohnn| (3) vIranirvANa saM0484 meM Arya khapuTa jainAcArya 16]

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kA svargavAsa huaa| (8) vI0 ni0 saM0 584 meM Arya vajra kA svargavAsa huaa| (5) vI0ni0 saM0584 meM sapta ninhava utpatti / / (6) vI0ni0 saM0584 meM AryarakSita kA yugapradhAna pada yA matAntara se svargavAsa huaa| (7) vI0 ni0 saM0 584 meM mallavAdI ne bauddhoM ko jiitaa| (8) vI0ni0 saM0 1284 meM mahendrasUri ne 'mana sthirIkaraNa prakaraNa' evaM 'sArasaMgraha grantha banAyA / (9) vi0 saM01684 meM vijayasiMhasUri kA gaNAnujJA pada kA mahotsava huaa| 23. sva0 pUrNacaMdra jI nAhara ne 84 tIrtha kahe jAne kA pravAda mAtra likhA hai. vAstava meM usakA AdhAra jinaprabhasUri racita 'caturAzIti mahAtIrtha kalpa' hai / isameM ullikhita sthAnoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai para caurAsI saMkhyA ke mahatva ke kAraNa hI usakA nAma 'caturAzIti mahAtIrtha nAmasaMgrahakalpa' rakhA pratIta hotA hai| 24. caurAsI gacchoM kI nAmAvali bhI kaI prakAra kI milatI hai| kisI-kisI sUcI meM nAma nyUnAdhika bhI haiN| aba sArvajanika bAtoM kA nirdeza kiyA jAtA hai 25. hamAre saMgraha ke 'ratnakoSa' nAmaka grantha meM eka hI saMkhyAtmaka vastuoM ke prakAroM kI sUcI hai / unameM 84 prakAra ke vijJAna kI sUcI hai jo isI lekha ke pariziSTa meM jA rahI hai| 26. bhuvanabhakti evaM mahimAbhakti bhaMDAra. bIkAnera kI eka prati meM 84 taMtroM kI tAlikA hai| 27. rAmavinoda vaidyaka granthoM meM 84 prakAra ke vAya ke nAma haiM jinheM anya granthAnusAra pariziSTa meM diyA jA rahA hai| 28. hamAre saMgraha ke jyotiSa saMbaMdhI patroM meM 84 yogoM ke nAma diye haiN| unheM bhI pariziSTa meM diyA jA rahA hai| 29. katipaya chanda granthoM meM 84 rUpakoM ke nAma haiM jinameM se do granthoM kI nAmAvali pariziSTa meM de rahe haiM / 'caturAzItirUpaka' nAmaka chandagrantha bhI upalabdha hai| kavi kezavadAsa kI 'dhandamAlA' meM bhI 84 chandoM ke lakSaNa evaM udAharaNa haiN| 30. gaMgA ke purAtattvAMka meM 84 siddhoM kI nAmAvali prakAzita haiN| 'varNaratnAkara' meM bhI 84 siddhoM ke nAma haiN| ( dekho pariziSTa ) 31. vaiSNavoM kI saMkhyA bhI 84 prasiddha hai, jinakA paricaya 'caurAsI vaiSNavoM kI vArtA' meM pAyA jAtA hai| rAjasI, tAmasI. sAtvikI 84/84/84 vaiSNavoM ko milAne para 252 vaiSNava hote haiM. jinakA paricaya 'do sau bAvana vaiSNavana kI vArtA meM pAyA jAtA hai / 32. zrI jinakRpAcandrasUri jJAnabhaNDAra kI eka prati meM mUroM ke bhI 84 lakSaNa batalAye haiN| 33. bIkAnera kI anUpa saMskRta lAibrerI kI 1 prati meM 84 mudrAoM kA bhI ullekha hai| 34. mahimAmakti bhaMDAra meM 'rAga caurAsI' nAmaka saMgIta . kA grantha hai jisakA paricaya mere sampAdita 'hindI granthavivaraNa' bhA02 meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| 35. vidyAvibhAga kA~karolI se prakAzita 'prAcInavArtArahasya' ke pR021/22 meM 84 kaMjoM kI nAmAvali dI gaI hai| (dekho pariziSTa ) 36. saM0 1285 ke lagabhaga racita vinayacandra ke 'kavizikSA' nAmaka grantha meM 84 dezoM kA ullekha hai para nAma 71 hI diye haiN| hamAre saMgraha ke ratnakoSa meM usase bhinna prakAra ke 84 dezoM kI nAmAvali hai. ataH donoM ko pariziSTa meM diyA jA rahA hai| 37. caurAsI jAtiyoM kI sUcI bhI granthAntaroM meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI pAI jAtI hai jinameM se saM01478 ke 'pRthvIcandra caritra' Adi meM jo nAmAvali hai vaha pariziSTa meM de rahe haiN| saM01950 meM zivakaraNa rAmaratana daraka ne 'itihAsakalpadrama mAhezvarI kulazuddhadarpaNa' nAmaka grantha [17

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prakAzita kiyA hai, usameM 84 saMkhyA vAlI kaI jAtiyoM ... prasaMgavaza caurAsI saMkhyA jina-jina aMkoM ke guNana kI sUciyAM haiN| dvArA banatI hai unameM se kucha saMkhyAyeM bar3I prasiddha haiM. (1) gujarAta deza kI 84 jAtiyA~ ataH unakA bhI ullekha kara diyA jAtA hai| (2) dakSiNa deza kI 84 jAtiyA~ 8441-84 (3) dakSiNa deza kI 84 jAti kavitta 424284 (4) madhyadeza kI 84 nyAta 284387 (5) khaMDelavAla ke 84 gotra 214484 (6) khaMDela nagara ke 84 gA~va 1446-84 (7) caurAsI gaccha 1247=84 (8) dattaka putra viSayaka 84 prazna inameM se jainadharma meM muniyoM ke AhAra sambandhI 42 inameM se khaMDelavAla ke 84 gotroM ke sambandha meM kavi doSa, puNya kI 42 prakRtiyeM, nAmakarma kI 42 prakRtiyeM vakhatarAma racita 'buddhivilAsa grantha meM vizeSa paricaya pAyA ___ evaM azva ke 42 bheda prasiddha haiN| jAtA hai|* isI prakAra 28 saMkhyaka labdhiyeM, mohanIya karma kI 38. caurAsI cohaTToM kI eka sUcI nAhara jI ne prakRtiyeM, nakSatra, anuyoga, dAtA ke 28 guNa, matijJa na ke prakAThita kI hai para mANikya-sandara sari ke pazvIcandracaritra' 28 bhedoM kA vivecana 'jainasiddhAntabolasaMgraha' bha06 meM hai| ( saM0 1478) meM bhinna prakAra kI hai| ataH usase 21 saMkhyAvAlI bAtoM meM zrAvakoM ke guNa, prAsuka jala, uddhata kara pariziSTa meM dI jA rahI hai| pAriNAmikI buddhi ke dRSTAMta, sabala doSAdi kA vivecana bhI 39. jagannAtha kavi kI 'caurAsI-zikSA' nAmaka ukta grantha meM hai| ikkIsa kI saMkhyA bahuta zubha mAnI hindI bhASA kI racanA anUpa saMskRta lAibrerI meM hai| jAtI hai| 40. caurAsI saMga bhI hamAre saMgraha kI prati meM nAhara caurAsI kI bhAMti 14 kI saMkhyA bhI bahuta prasiddha jI dvArA prakAzita se bhinna prakAra ke haiN| hai / isa saMkhyA vAlI aneka bAtoM kA ullekha yatra-tatra pAyA 41. mahimAbhakti bhaMDAra meM 84 'ta' kAra vAle eka jAtA hai jinameM se kucha ye haiMkAvya vRtti sahita upalabdha hai / 42-43-44 granthAMtaroM meM 14 rAjaloka, pUrva, guNa-sthAna, svapna, cakrI-ratna 84 ratna. 84 naraka, 84 doSoM kA bhI ullekha hai| hamAre niyama, upakaraNa, ajIva bheda, parigraha. mahAnadiyAM Adi, saMgraha ke 'ratna-parIkSA' (tatvakumAra racita) nAmaka grantha jaina granthokta 14 saMkhyaka 25 bAtoM kA vivecana 'jainameM 84 ranoM kA ullekha hai, para sUcI meM nAma 60 hI prApta / siddhAnta bolasaMgraha' meM prakAzita hai| hue haiN| ve evaM anya graMthoM kI nAmAvali pariziSTa meM vaise 14 svara, vidyA, ratna, yama, iMdriyA~, manu Adi dI gaI haiN| prasiddha hI haiN| 42. rAmadAsa vairAvata kI 84 AkhaDI (niyama grahaNa) vAraha saMkhyAvAlI ullekhanIya bAteM isa prakAra hai: hamAre saMgraha meM haiN| 12 upAMga, cakravartI, bhAvanA, arihaMta-guNa, tapa, zrAvaka vrata 43. mAravAr3a meM kahAvata prasiddha hai-- bhikSu-pratimA Adi jaina dharma viSayaka bAtoM kA vivecana "cAra cora caurAsI vANiyA. eke ke ikIsa ikIsa 'jainasiddhAnta bolasaMgraha bhA04 meM prakAzita hai| tANiyA" 12 mAsa Adi sarvatra prasiddha haiN| * dekheM hamArA lekha kavi bakhata rAma racita 'buddhivilAsa' (jaina siddhAntabhAskara ) / 18]

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purAtatva evaM kalA ke mahAna premI sva0 pUranacandajo nAhara ne 'vizAlabhArata' ( sitambara 1930) meM caurAsI zIrSaka lekha prakAzita kiyA thA / usameM Apane kaI jJAtavya bAtoM kI jAnakArI upasthita kI hai evaM 1 caurAsI Asana. 2 caurAsI saMga, 3 caurAsI jJAti, 4-5 caurAsI cauhaTTe, 6 caurAsI gacchoM kI sUcI bhI prakAzita kI hai / nAharajI ke ukta lekha se yahA~ pAThakoM kI jJAnavRddhi ke liye katipaya bAteM uddhata kI jA rahI haiM (1) caturdaza rAjaloka ke jIva-bheda kI saMkhyA caurAsI lakSa ke 84 aGkako mahatvapUrNa samajha kara bahuta sI jagaha isakA vyavahAra pracalita honA saMbhava jJAta hotA hai| (2) 'gheraMDa saMhitA' ke mata se jIva-jaMtuoM kI saMkhyA jitanI haMtI hai Asana kI gaNanA bhI utanI hI nikalI hai| zivajI ke AsanoM kI saMkhyA vahI caurAsI lakSa kahI gaI hai| usameM 84 prakAra ke pradhAna Asana batAye gaye haiN| ziva saMhitA' ke mata se bhI caurAsI prakAra ke Asana hai / . 'kAmazAstra' ke anusAra caurAsI prakAra ke AsanoM kI saMkhyA bhI prasiddha hai| pUnA se caurAsI Asana' nAmaka jo marAThI bhASA kI sacitra pustaka prakAzita huI hai usameM 93 AsanoM ke nAma aura citra pAye jAte haiN| (3) jauharI loga jina ratnoM ko saMga kahate haiM unakI saMkhyA bhI ve caurAsI batAte haiM parantu yaha saMkhyA kalpita mAlUma hotI hai / pAThakoM ko yahA~ eka aura vAta kI ora dhyAna dilAtA hU~ ki joharI loga caurAsI ke phera meM par3a jAne ke bhaya se isa caurAsI saMkhyA se itane sazaMkita rahate haiM ki apane vyApArAdi meM isa saMkhyA kA vyavahAra kadApi nahIM karate arthAt yadi caurAsI rupaye ke bhAva meM una logoM se koI saudA mAMgA jAya to svIkAra nahIM karate pIne caurasI meM becane ko saharSa taiyAra ho jAte haiN| isI prakAra ve na to vajana meM kadApi 84 rato mAla becate haiM aura na kisI pur3iye meM 84 nagIne rakhate haiN| (4) bhAratavarSa ke kaI dezoM meM aise nAma ke paragane aura tAluke milate haiM jinakI sRSTi caurAsI grAmoM ko lekara huI hogii| (5) nRtya ke samaya pairoM meM vahuta se ghuMgharu bAMdhe jAte haiM, sakhyAdhikya ke kAraNa unako bhI caurAsI kahate haiN| (6) caurAsiyA - yaha gaur3a brAhmaNAntargata eka brAhmaNasamudAya hai| inakI bastI jayapura yA jodhapura rAjya meM hai| kisI samaya caurAsI grAmoM kI vRti inake yahA~ thI. ataH ye caurAsiyai brAhmaNa kahalAye / (7) brAhmaNoM kI taraha jainiyoM meM bhI zrAvakoM kI jAti kI saMkhyA caurAsI kahI jAtI hai| ina zrAvakoM kI jAtiyoM ke nAma vahI caurAsI aMka ke mahatva ke liye ekatrita kiye gaye hogeM / (8) isIprakAra jainiyoM ke AcAryoM meM jo gaccha bheda haiM unakI saMkhyA bhI prasiddhi meM caurAsI batalAI jAtI hai parantu vAstava meM caurAsI se bhI adhika milate haiN| (9) kaI sthAnoM meM jaina tIrthoM kI saMkhyA bhI caurAsI dekhane meM AI hai| (10) digambara jaina loga mathurA ke pAsa vRndAvana ke rAste meM eka sthAna ko bhI caurAsI kahate haiM aura vahA~ antima kevalI zrI jaMbU svAmI kA nirvANa mAnate haiN| parantu ve loga sthAna kA nAma corAsI hone kA kucha kAraNa nahIM batAte haiN| apanI sAhitya pravRti ke prAraMbhika kAla se svargIya nAhara jI se hamArA unake jIvana paryanta var3A madhura sambandha rahA hai, ataH jaba unhoMne apane 'caurAsI vAle lekha kI prati hameM dI to hamane katipaya navIna sUcanAyeM unheM dIM para ve prakAzita na ho skiiN| idhara hamane usI samaya se caurAsI saMkhyA vAlI jitanI bhI bAloM kA jahA~ kahIM ullekha dekhA, noTa karate gye| kaI varSoM se unake prakAzana kA vicAra ho rahA thaa| para anya sAhityika kAryoM meM lage rahane se vaha kArya na ho skaa| suyogavaza [ 19

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aba vaha pAThakoM ke samakSa A rahA hai| isI bIca kaI anya bAtoM ke ullekha bhI najaroM se gujare para noTa na karane se ve vismRti meM vilIna ho gye| hamArA adhyayana jainasAhitya kA adhika hone se saMbhavataH sarva jana prasiddha 84 saMkhyAtmaka bahuta-sI vAtoM kA hama isa lekha meM ullekha na kara sake hoN| khoja karane para graMthAntaroM meM anya aise aneka ullekha prApta hone kI sambhAvanA hai. ataH pAThakoM ko jo koI bhI saMkhyAtmaka vAta jAnane meM Ave unheM prakAzita kreN| pariziSTa (1) caurAsI deza ( vinayacaMdra kRta 'kavizikSA se) 1 gaur3a 2 kAnyakubja 3 kaullAka 4 kaliMga 5 aMga dabaMga 7 kuraMga 8 AcAlya 9 kAmAkSa 10 oDra 11 puMDra 12 ur3IsA 13 mAlava 14 lohita 15 pazcima 16 kAcha 17 vAlama 18 saurASTra 19 kuMkaNa 20 lATa 21 zrImAla 22 arbuda 23 medapATa 24 maruvareMdra 25 yamunA 26 gaGgAtIra 27 aMtarvedi 28 mAgadha 29 madhyakukha 30 DAhatA 31 kAmarUpa 32 kAMcI 33 avaMtI 34 pApAMtaka 35 kirAta 36 sauvIra 37 ausIra 38 vAkANa 39 uttarApatha 40 gUrjara 41 siMdhu 42 kekANa 43 nepAla 44 Takka 45 turuSka 46 tAikAra 47 barbara 48 jarjara 49 kaura 50 kAzmIra 51 himAlaya 52 lohapuruSa 53 zrIrASTra 54 dakSiNApatha 55 siMghala 56 cauDa 57 kauzala 58 pAMDu 59 aMdhra 60 viMdhya 61 karNATa 62 dravir3a 63 zrIparvata 64 vidarbha 65 dhArAura 66 lAjI 67 tApI 68 mahArASTra 69 AbhIra 70 narmadAtaTa 71 dvIpa dezazca * vinayacaMdra kA samaya saM01285 ke lagabhaga hai ( pattana jaina bhANDAgArINa grantha sUcI. pR048)| 20]

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1 pUrva deza 2 aMga deza 3 vaMgadeza 4 gaur3a 5 kAnyakubja 6 kaliMga 7 goSTa deza 8 vaMgAlA 9 kuraGga 10 saraTha 11 vAraMDI 12 yAmuna ( yamunA) 13 sarayUpAra 14 aMtarveda 15 magadha 16 kuru 17 DAhala 18 kAmarU 19 (ThaDa) pAMcAla 20 sorasena 21 madhya (2) caurAsI deza (ritnakoza' se ) 22 jAlaMdhara 43 vINakkANa 23 lohapAda (lohava) 44 uttarAya 24 pazcima 45 gUrjara 25 sthala 46 siMdhu ( saiMdhava) 26 bAlaMbha 47 kekANa 27 saurASTra 48 nepa 28 kuMkaNa ( koMkaNa ) 49 ratha 29 lATa 50 tAjika 30 zrImAla 51 varbara 31 da 52 khasa 32 medapATa 53 kIra (kIraka) 33 marumaMDala 54 kAzmIra 34 kaccha 55 vajula 35 mAlava 56 himAlaya 36 avaMtI 57 lohapura 37 pAriyAtrapArijAta 58 zrIrASTra 38 kaMkoja 59 dakSiNApatha 39 tAmralipta 60 malaya 40 kirAta 61 zIghala 41 seraTaka 62 pAMDU 42 sauvIra 63 kauzala 64 aMdhra 65 viMdhya 66 Da 67 zrI parvata 68 vaidarbha 69 virATa 70 oralAMjI 71 mahArASTra 72 AbhIra 73 nArmada 74 kAmAkSa 75 kaMDu 76 pApaNa 77 coDa 78 ArAdhya 79 vareMdra 80 gaGgApAra 81 sausaSa 2 kA 83 tApItaTa 84 dvIpa pratyaMtara meM ninokta dezoM ke nAma haiM 1 aMjana deza 2 kathA 3 kurASTa 4 jahara 5 daMDa pauNa 6 bAhala 7 raGga deza 8 kavara 9 mAlavadeza 10 paritva 11 bhojadeza 12 rAvadeza 13 rAmaliha deza 14 strIrAjya deza 15 dhArAvara deza 16 uttarApatha 17 barbara 18 kailAza 19 purAjikara 20 kairuSa 21 karNa 22 udIza 23 kaNaviraNa 25 karaNa 26 idiDa 27 viSalaMdhika deza 28 karNATa 29 goladeza 30 balAvadra deza 31 adhaMka deza 32 pATa deza 24 tAsala [ 21

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(3) caurAsI cauhaTTe (mANikyasundarasUrikRta pRthvIcaMdra-caritra* se ) 1 sonIhaTI 22 trAMbahaTA 43 kAgaliyA 64 sAthUA 2 nANAvaTahaTI 23 sAMkha haTA 44 maMghapahaTI 65 peruA 3 javaharI haTI 24 pItalagarA 45 vezyA 66 ATIA 4 saugaMdhIyA haTI 25 sonAra 46 paNagolA 67 dAlIyA 5 phophaliyA 26 sIsAhaDA 47 gAMchA 68 dauDhIyA 6 sUjiyA 27 moto proyA 48 bhADabhujA 69 muMjakUTA 7 paDasUtriyA 28 sAlavI 49 vIbAhaTA 70 saragarA 8 ghIyA 29 mINArA 50 trAMbaDIyA 71 bharathAhA 9 telaharA 30 kuArA 51 maiMsAyata 72 pItalahaDA 10 daMtArA 31 cUnArA 52 malinAnApita 73 kaMsArA 11 valIyAra 32 tUnArA 53 cokhAnApita 74 padatrasAgIyA 12 maNIyAra haTI 33 kUTArA 54 pATIvaNA 75 khAsarIyA 34 gulIyArA 55 trAMgaDIyA 76 majIThIyA 14 nestI 35 parIyaTA 56 vAhInA 77 sAkarIyA 15 gA~dhI 36 ghAMcI 57 kAThavIThIyA 78 sabUgara 16 kapAsI 37 mocI 58 cokhAvIThIyA 79 lohAra 17 phaDIyA 38 suI 59 sUkhaDIyA 80 sUtrahAra 18 phar3ohaTI 39 lohaTiyA 60 sAtharIyA 81 vajakara 19 eraMDiyA 40 lor3hArA 61 teramA 82 taMbolI 20 rasaNIyA 41 citrAharA 62 vegaDIyA 83 kaMdoI 21 pravAliyA 42 satUArA 63 vasAha 84 buddhihaTI kutrika paNahaTI (4) caurAsI chaMda ( kavi kezavadAsa ke 'chaMdamAlA** se ) 13 dosI 1 zrI - 6 mAyA 11 vijjahA 16 nagasvarUpiNI 2 nArAyaNa -:7 mAlatI 12 maMthAna 17 madanamohana 3ramaNa. 8 somarAjI 13 lalitA 18 bodhaka 4 taraNijA 9 zaMkara 14 pramANikA 19 turaMgama 5 madana - 10 sukhakara 15 mallikA 20 nAgasvarUpiNI * racanAkAla saM01478 ( prAcIna gujarAtIgadyasaMdarbha se)| ** isa graMtha kA vizeSa paricaya 'hiMdusta nI' patrikA ke bhAga 17 meM prakAzita hai| 22 ]

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21 tomara 22 hariNI 23 atigati 24 tomara 25 saMjutI 26 anukUla 27 suvaNa prayAta 28 iMdravajrA 29 upeMdra 30 mauktikadAma 31 troTaka 32 sundarI 33 modaka 34 bhujaMgaprayAta 35 tAmarasa 36 dra utavilaMbita 1 sAdA 2 DikA 3 gAhANI 4 gAhA 5 viggAhA 6 sIhAnI 7 jaggATTho gAhI 9 gaMdhANA 10 vatthUvA 11 dohA 12 gaNA 13 ukihA 37 kusumavicitra 38 caMdavatna 39 matAtI 40 vaMsasvanita 41 pramitAhara 42 sagvinI 43 paMkaja kaparakA 44 tAraka 45 kalahaMsa 46 harilIlA 47 vasaMtatilaka 48 manoramA 49 mAlatI 50 supriya 51 nisapAlikA 52 cAmara 14 roDA 15 lalAe 16 raMgilA 17 vijjUmAlA 18 caupAIMyA 19 pomAvatI e 20 rupAmAlA saMjuttIe 21 ghattA 22 gItikA 23 DillAe 24 padaDiyA 53 nArAca 54 brahmarUpaka 55 rUpamAlA 56 pRthvI chaMda 57 caMcarI 25 Dilla 26 maDillAe 58 karunA 59 gItikA 60 mUla 61 dharma (5) caurAsI rupaka (chaMda ) 27 vatthU 28 vaharatthA 29 dumillAe 30 gayaNagu 31 paravamu 32 tinnAe 62 madirA 63 vijaya 64 sudhA 65 vasudhA 66 mAdhavI 67 68 amalaka mAla - 33 nArAi 34 duvaI 35 pAThanI 36 valariyA 37 cAmara 38 sAmANI 39 dhArIsA 69 makaraMda 70 gaMgodaka 71 tanvI 72 vijayA 73 madana manohara 74 mAninI 75 hAra 76 rolA 77 ghattA 78 maraharA 79 soraThA 50 siMhAvalokana 81 anaMgazekhara 82 jamuna 83 rUpamAlA 84 chalanA 40 khaMjA 41 tugAe 42 sikkhA 43 taTika 44 bhuyaMgAe 45 lIlA 46 laggaNI 47 amakkANA 45 phArI 49 modakA 50 cadAgA 51 culiyArA 52 cAmara [ 23

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53 kamatANi 54 dIpakkI 55 mutIdammArA 56 sAraMgA 57 vaMdhA 58 bijjohA 59 karahevA 61 sammohA 62 cAuraMsI 63 haMsA 64 khaDA 65 khaMdA 66 maMthANa 67 harasaMkhANA 68 pAIkA 69 paMkA 70 vANIe 71 sAlurA 72 rAsAttaNIe 73 sAcaMdamAlA 74 cakkAe 75 hATTakA 76 dhUyA 77/ takkAe 78 khagA 79 khaMDalAyA |80 - 81 kavalAyA 82 dhaulaMgA 83 vivA 84 DaMvAlayA 60 paMcA (bIkAnera kI anUpa saMskRta lAibrerI kI prati se, saM01669) 1 hetu vijJAna 2 tatva .. 3 mohana .. 4 karma .. 5 marma 6 zaMkha 7 daMta , 8kAca .. 9 guTikA 10 yoga 11 rasAyana 12 vacanA 13 kavitva 14 nepathya 15 yaMtra 16 mana 17 patraka .. 18 dharma 19 vRsTika 20 lepakarma 21 sUtra .. (6) caurAsI vijJAna 22 citra vijJAna 43 adhyAtma vijJAna 23 raMga .. 44 agni 24 sUcIkarma, 45 jala .. 25 zakuna , 46 vidveSaNa 26 chadma . 47 uccAraNa.. 27 nairmalya .. 48 staMbhana . 28 gaMdhayukti .. 49 vazIkaraNa ,, 29 Azana . 50 hastizikSA (gaja) .. 30 zola 51 azva ( azvavAhana),, 31 kAsR karma .. 52 pakSi 32 kuMbha 53 strI 33 lauha 54 kAma 34 maMtra 55 ratna 35 vaza 56 vastrakAra (vastra).. 36 nakha 57 pazupAlya .. 37 tRNa 58 - 38 prasAda 59 vANijya .. 39 dhAtu (dhAtumuSTi) .. 60 lakSaNa .. 40 vibhUSaNa . 61 kAla zAstra ., 41 svarodaya , 62 zAstra baMdha .. 42 dyata 63 Ayudha kAra .. 64 niyudhakAra vijJAna 65 AkSeTaka 66 kutuhala 67 keza 68 puSpa 69 indrajAla 70 pAnavidhi 71 vinoda 72 saujanya 73 zauca 74 vinaya 75 nIti 76 Ayurveda 77 vyApAra 78 dhAraNA ( ratnakoza. hastalikhita prati se pratilipi hamAre saMgraha meM hai| isI kI anya prati zrI motIcaMdra jo khajAMcI ke saMgraha meM hai)| 24]

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1 vastuvijJAna 2 va sva 3 vayasya 4 kAMsya 5 keza prasAdana 6 mAlA 7 khar3a chUrikA 9 vAhana 10 zuddha 11 zAstra 1 valA 2 suMdara 3 chatra 4 catuH sAgara 5] siMhAsana 6 haMsa 7 dhvaja pakArikA 9 nadI 10 ekAvalI 11 tAraNa 12 daridra 13 java 14 zatruMjaya 15 rajju 16 muzala 17 nala pratyaMtara meM nimnokta anya nAma pAThAntara rUpa se milate haiM 23 pUjAraMbha 34 nam 24 ratna 25 rasa 35 ApaNa 36 bhojana 26 vRtta 37 diraMga 18 gadA 19 vihaMga 20 zRGgAraka 21 hala 12 yuddha 13 nam 14 maddana 15 guNikA 16 phala 17 ArAma 15 aMjana 19 tarjana 20 zaila 21 pazu 22 krIDana 22 vajra 23 yava 24 vANI 25 kamala 26 nau 27 kAmuka 28 kUTa 29 chana 30 cakra 31 samudra 32 gela 33 kedAra 34 dAma 35 vINA 23 lUka 28 vRSTi 29 deva 30 jyoti 31 iMdralekha 32 lAbhakaMta 33 AkRSTi (7) caurAsI jyotiSa yoga 36 daridra 37 pAza 38 zUla 32 sarpa 40 mAlAdala 41 catuzcakra 42 kanakadaMDa 43 SoDazAvarta 44 DolA chatra 45 rAjahaMsa 46 puccha 47 siMha puccha 48 heyanAma 49 ekAvalI 50 ibha 51 kanaka chatra 52 dhvaja 53 bhUpati 54 airAvati 55 vizva 56 khela 57 kataka 58 iMdrakanaka 59 indradhanuSa 60 indrAsana 61 nRpasana 62 padmapatra 63 kraoNca 38 vAda 39 saMskAra 40 zRMgAra 41 tela 42 zava 43 agni 64 iMdrayuddha 65 tAlATa 66 pravrajyA 67 chada 68 phaNamukhya 69 kAka 70 hutAzana 71 lalATa 72 yUpa 73 iSu 74 zakti 75 daMDa 76 korA 77 vyAghratuMDa 78 kemaduma [ 25

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(8) caurAsI vAyu 1 AkSepaka 2 hanustambha 3 urustambha 4 zirograha 5 bAhyAyAma 6 AbhyantarAyAma 7 pAvazUla 8 karIgraha 9 daNDApatAnaka 10 khallI 11 jihvAstambha 12 adita 13 pakSAghAta 14 kroSTazIrSa 15 mAnyAstambha 16 paMgu vAyu 17 kalAya khaMja 18 tUnI 19 pratItUnI 20 khaMja 21 pAdahaSa 41 rUkSa 22 gRdhrasI 42 aMgabhaMga 23 vizvAcI 43 viDagraha 24 apabAhaka 44 baddha viTkatA 25 apatAnaka 45 mUkatva 26 prANAyAma 46 ati jammA 27 vAtakaMTaka 47 atyuddhAra 28 apatantraka (hisTiriyA) 48 AntrakUjana 29 aMgabheda 49 vAtapravRtti 30 aMgazoja 50 sphuraNa 131 miNaniNa 51 aMgavibhraza 32 kallutA 52 zirApUraNa 33 aSThIlikA 53 kaMpa 34 pratyaSThilA 54 kAryaH 35 vAmanatva 55 zyAvatA 36 kubjatva 56 pralApa 37 aMgapITha 57 kSipramUtratA 38 aMgazUla 58 nidrAnAza 39 saMkoca 59 svedanAza 40 stambha 60 durbalatva (9) caurAsI kuJja 61 balakSaya 62 zukrAtIpravRttI 63 zukrakArya 64 zukranAza 65 anavasthita cittatva 66 kAThinya 67 virasatA 68 kapAyavakratA 69 AdhmAna 70 pratyAghmAna 71 zItatA 72 romaharSa 73 bhIrUtva 74 bhedavAyu 75 kaNDU 76 rasajJatA 77 zabdAjJatA 78 prasupti 79 gandhAjJatva 80 dRSTikSaya 1 prIti 2 prema 3 kaMdarpa 4 lIlA 5 majjana 6 bihAra 7 utkaNTha 8 mohana 9 yugala 10 hAva 11 bhAva 12 kaTAkSa 13 alaka 14 muktA 15 bhra 16 veNI 17 romarAji 18 nIvI 19 kaTikSINa 20 mAna 21 bhramana 22 tiSThana 23 saGgIta 24 Alasya 25 kalakUjita 26 vividhAkAra 27 dukUla 28 netra 29 kuNDala 30 hAra 31 tAmbUla 32 ADa 33 lAvaNya 34 hAsya 35 utsAha 36 ugratA 26]

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37 kokilAlApa 38 grIva 39 AliMgana 40 cumna 41 adharapAna 42 darzana 43 darpana 44 pralApa 45 unmAda 46 darpa 47 utsAhana 45 utkarSa 49 dIna 50 adhIna 51 surata 52 AkarSaNa 53 uccATana 54 mUcrchA 55 balIkaraNa 56 stambhana 57 priyA svadhArohaNa 58 Aveza 59 vArtAlApa 60 paryaGka 61 priyA caraNa taDakAla 62 nakhakSata 63 danta kSata 64kSa pataraMga 65 vigatAbharaNa 66 bhUSaNa 67 kampa 68 rati pralApa 69 tuttala gira 70 priyA vAsa bhavana 71 mAna guhya 72 Asakta puJja 73 paramarasa 74 pIr3AbAhA 75 suratazramaniSedha 76 Thunuka 77 vAgvibhrama 78 vyavasta bhAva 79 kAmaka 80 kikinirava 81 vIraviparIta (suratAMta) 82 kAlikAkautuka 83 surata 84 sahaja prema (vidyAvibhAga, kA~karolI se prakAzita 'prAcInavArtArahasya', pR021-22) (10) caurAsI bauddha siddha 1 lUhipA 2 lIlApA 3 virUpA 4 DombhipA 5 zabarIpA 6 sarahapA 7 kaMkAlopA 8 mInapA 9gorakSapA 10 coraGgipA 11 vINapA 12 zAntipA 13 tantipA 14 camaripA 15 khaDgapA 16 nAgArjuna 17 kaNhapA 18 kargaripA 19 thaganapA 20 nAropA 21 zAlIpA 22 tilopA 23 chatrapA 24 bhadrapA 25 do khaMdhi 26 ajogipA 27 kAlapA 28 dhaummipA 29 kaMkaNapA 30 kamaripA 31 DoMgipA 32 bhedapA 33 taMdhepA 34 kukuripA 35 kucipA 36 dharmapA 37 mahIpA 38 aciMtipA 39 malahapA 40 nalinapA 41 bhUsakupA 42 indrabhUta 43 mekopA 44 kuThAlipA 45 kumAri 46 jAlandharapA 47 rAhalapA 48 gharipA 49 dhokaripA 50 maMdanIpA 51 paMkajapA 52 ghaMTApA 53 jogIpA 54 celukapA 55 guMDaripA 56 lucikapA 57 nirguNapA 58 jayAnanta 59 carpaTIpA 60 campakapA 61 bhikhanapA 62 malipA 63 kumaripA 64 cavaripA [ 27

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65 maNibhadrA 66 mekhalApA 67 kanakhalApA 68 kalakalapA 69 kantAlIpA 70 dhahulipA 71 udhalipA 72 kapAlapA 73 kilapA 74 sAgarapA 75 sarvabhakSapA 76 nagodhipA 77dArikapA 78 putulipA 79 panamA 80 kokAlipA 81 anaMgapA 52 lakSmIkarA 83 samudrapA 84 mAlipA ( 'gaMgA' ke purAtatvaka, pR0221) (11) caurAsI siddha 1 sIlanAtha 2 gorakSanAtha 3 cauraGgInAtha 4 cAmArInAtha 5 tantipA 6 halipA 7 kedAripA 8 DhoGgapA 9 dAripA 10 virupA 11 kapAlI 12 kamArI 13 kAnhakana 14 khala 15 mekhala 16 unmana 17 kAntali 18 dhobI 19 jAlandhara 20 jeGgI 21 maraha ( saraha) 22 nAgAjjuna 23 daulI 24 bhiSaNi 25 aciti 26 campaka 27 meTilI 28 ceNTasa 29 bhUsurI 30 dhAkali 31 kUnajI 32 carpaTi 33 bhAde 34 cAndUna 35 kAmari 36 kazvata 37 dhammapA 38 pataGgabhadra 39 pAtalibhadra 40 pAlihita 41 bhANDa 42 mInI 43 nirdaya 44 sabara 45 sAnti 46 bhartRhari 47 mIsana 48 maTI 49 gagagapA 50 gamAra 51 meNDarA 52 kumArI 53 jIvana 54 aghosAdhara 55 girivara 56 sIyArI 57 nAgavAli 58 dhimaraha 59 sAraGga 60 vivikidhaja 61 magaradhaja 62 acita 63 vicita 64 nevaka 65 cATala 66 nAyana 67 mIlI 68 pAhila 69 pAsala 70 kamala 71 kaMgArI 72 cipila 73 govinda 74 bhIma 75 bhairava 76 bhadra 77 bhamarI 78 bhUrukuTi ( raoNyala eziyeTika sosAyaTo kalakattA se prakAzita 14vIM zatAbdI ke 'varNaratnAkara', pR0 57-58) 29]

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(12) caurAsI jAti ( pRthvIcandracaritra, saM0 1478) 1 zrI zrImAlI 2 usavAla 3 vAgheravAla 4 Da DU 5 puSkaravAla 6 DIsAvAla 7 meDatavAla 8 bhAbhU 9 sUrANA 10 chatravAla 11 dohila 12 solI 13 khaDavaDa 14 khaMDeravAla 15 porU ADa 16 gUjara 17 moda 18 nAgara 19 jAlaharA 20 khaDAitA 21 kapola 22 jAmbU 23 vAyaDA 24 vAba 25 dasaurA 26 karahIyA 27 nAgadrahA 28 mevADA 29 bhaTeurA 30 katharA 31 narasiMhaurA 32 hArala 33 paMcama vaMza 34 sira khaDalA 35 kamoha 36 rotakI 37 agaravAla 1 38 jiNANI 39 bAMbha 40 ghAMgha 41 pAtahAuta 42 ucita 43 vasADU 44 ahichatravAla 45 zrIgauDa 46 vAlmIki 47 TAkI 48 talaTA 49 tisaurA 50 aThavagrI 51 lADIsAkhA 52 badhanaurA 53 suhauvAla 54 bIgha 55 padmAvatI 56 nImA 57 jeharANA 58 mAthura 59 dhAkar3a 60 pallIbAla 61 harasaurA 62 citrauDA 63 golA 64 gahibariyA 65 lohANA 66 bhATIyA 67 nAgaurA 68 satalA 69 kaDakolApurI 70 rAyakavAla 71 pesIpA 72 perUyA 73 gomitrI 74 nArAyaNa 75 TITU 76 gajauDA 77 gokharUA 78 ajayamerA 79 kaMDolIyA 80 kAyastha 81 ANandaurA 82 sagauDA 83 sIhaurA 84 jesavAla 85 nAdevA 86 jAilavAla 87 cApela (13) caurAsI jAti ( saM0 1500 pUrva mohammada zAha ke samaya meM) 1 zrI zrImAla 2 poruADa 3 osavAla 4 DIsAvAlA 7 vagheravAla 8 bhAmu khaNDa 9 meDatAvAla 10 dAhiNa 11 surANA 12 khaNDeravAla 13 katharuTiyA 14 koraMTavAla 15 jodhasona 16 jAila vAla 17 nAgara 18 nANAvAla 19 khaDAyatA 20 pallIvAla 21 jAlaharA 22 vApaDA 23 citravAla 24 chAMyA 6hAsurA [ 29

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25 kapola 26 puSkaravAla 27 jaMbUharA 28 nAgadrahA 29 suDavAla 30 muDherA 31 karahiyA 32 ugravAla 33 vAMbhaNa 34 accitavAla 35 zrIguDa 36 gUjara 37 zrImAlaprauDha 38 aDAlijA 39 mADaliA 40 gAMbhUA 41 moDha 42 lADUA zrImAlI 43 lADa 44 jAgaDa 45 soraThiA 46 porU ADa ( nayasarustakI) 47 narasIMghaurA 48 hAlara 49 paJcama 50 kAthaurA 51 vAlmIka 52 kambotisurA 53 teluhaTA 54 aTavagrI 55 vaghapurA 56 sirikhaMDerA 57 mevADA 58 bhoDiADA 59 kArajiNNaDA 60 jeharAnA 61 sohariA 62 dhAvar3A 63 muhavaravA 64 bhaDiyA 65 bhuMgaDiyA 66 kuMvaDa 67 nImA 68 maDAhaTA 69 brAhmaNa 70 vAgaDu 71 cIlauDA 72 vIghu 73 mAthara 74 nAurA 75 padamAvatI 76 kAkalI 77 ANadurA 78 sAMDara 79 sAcurA 80 golAvAla 81 rAjaurA 52 vADIsakhA 83 chosakhA 84 causakhA ('zrImAlIjJAtivarNabheda', pR. 233) (14) caurAsI jAti (vimala prabandha, saM0 1562) 1 zrImAla 2 poravAr3a 3 osavAla 4 gUjara 5 DIDU 6 dIsAvAla 7 khaDAyatA 8 straMDera 9 khaMDola 10 kaThiNurA 11 kAkilA 12 kapola 13 nAila 14 nAgara 15 nANAvAla 16 praur3halADa 17 lADuA zrImAla 18 hAlara 19 harasurA 20 DaMbaDA 21 zrIgur3a 22 jAluharA 23 jAgaDa 24 dhAkaDiyA 25 bhUr3ayA 26 bhUgar3a 27 brAhmaNa 28 vIdhU 29 vAyaDa 30 zAMbhU 31 aDa lijA 32 moDha 33 mAMDaliyA 34 paMcama 35 puskara 36 jambUsarA 37 suhaTavAla 38 maMDovarA 39 acchati 40 acchativAla 41 surahiyA 42 mAthara 43 kambojA 44 karahiyA 45 poruADa 46 soraThiyA 47 pallIvAla 48 maDAhaDa 49 maMDorA 50 mevADA 51 vAlmIka 52 dhAvA 53 citrAvAla 54 vaghera 55 narasaMgarA 56 hArakhaMDera 30 ]

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57 bhUmA 58 nAgradraha 59 ugravAla 60 vAbara 61 badhaNurA (dhINoja) 62 vasura 63 asthiko 64 asTavagrI 65 padmodakI 66 golavAla 67 nAgurA (nagaurI) 68 terATA 69 sAcorA 70 bhoDerA 71 jerANA 72 nIbhAnI 73 varaThIyA 74 kAraTAvAla 75 dAhidha 76 sona sAtha 77 mapAla 78 rAjagAkhA 79 laghazAkhA 80 var3I zAkhA 81 vezAkhA 2 cozAkhA 3 surANA 84 rAjurA 85 melitavAla 86 mur3erA 87 ANaMdurA 88 vAMgalIma (15) caurAsI jJAti 1 zrImAlI 2 osavAla 3 gujara 4 aravAla 5 U~cavAla 6 bhaTanAgarA 7 cItroDA 8 dhUsar3A 9 bhaTerA 10 nImA 11 dhAkar3a 12 vIja 13 nAgara 14 nAgarIA 15 goDoyA 16 goharIyA 17 mAyara 18 umbaDa 19 sIvANA 20 AgarIA 21 sUravAla .22 saSTema 23 DIlAvAla 24 moDha 25 valahIyA 26 vAyaDA 27 kanhaDa 28 TAka 29 pavaI 30 maDhezA 31 kAyasta 32 sAMma vAcanA 33 gAMgarADA 34 chApaNIyA 35 pokhADa 36 jAgaDA pokhADa 37 bhaisirAa 38 soraThIyA 39 maDhakezarA 40 pogaDa (mukuTezvara jAtA ) 41 pauruADa dhanerA (dhanAkara nagare jAtA) 42 kambanA 43 nAgarahA 44 sarasaIyA 45 gUjara goDa 46 zrIgauDa 47 mevADA 48 khaDAyatA 49 kapola 50 jAlerA 51 vItU 52 karahIyA 53 gAlAgA 54 lADa 55 seharA 56 jayavAla 57 padmAvatI mekhAr3a 58 lambecA 59 golarADA 60 gaulasiMgArA 61 kAMthara 62 pUrvA 63 golA 64 avadhapurIyA 65 padmAvatIsuta 66 marahaThA 67 paMcama 68 halahara 69 narasAghora 70 sorohIyA 71 gayavarA 72 dasavApokhADa 73 gUjara pokhADa 74 aNadorA 75 kuMkaNa 76 kapolavAla 77 kaSelA 78 kayaravAla 79 karaNUsIyA 50 kalaMsIyA 81 daTThara 82 kuNDalapurI 83 se raDavAla 84 amadAmanA (saubhAgyanaMdI sUriracita 'vimalacaritra' . saM05178) [ 31

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(16) caurAsI jJAti (vastarAma racita buddhivilAsa se) 1 golApUrva 23 gorIvADa 45 nalamA 67 nakhapApana 2 golArADA 24 kaThanerI 46 hU~narA 68 siravAyala 3 lumbecU 25 ghIDalA sANI 47 dahavaDa 69 kAphaDavAla 4 golasiMgArA 26 masarAherA 48 rAyakaDA 70 jenasaMgavAla 5 khaNDelavAla 27 dhakaDA 49 caturatha paMcama 71 zravaNapagA 6 jesalavAla 28 gUjaravAlIyA 50 vanacoDA 72 humaMDa 7 bagheravAla 29 mAragaDA 51 caMcalavAla 73 litriyA 8 agaravAla 30 veravaDA 52 gorA 74 vosavAla 9 sahilavAla 31 pallIvAla 53 karamagauta 75 vudojiyA 10 khAMpa-pukhAra 32 gagarikae 54 zrImAla 76 posava 11 aTha sakhA 33 setariyA 55 ciDakarA 77 kachara janaDA 12 causakhA 34 nigamA 56 vikorA 78 koraDa vAla 13 sahasaraDA 35 gujarAtI 57 madavevAla 79 khaMDa dUtA 14 do sakhA 36 mevADA 58 lIgarA 80 meDatavAla 15 soraThiyA 37 saruchapA 59 kamaTI 81 ahichatra 16 jA~gaDa 38 khakhAkhaMDAvatA 60 nutapA 82 dohalA 17 padmAvatyA 39 nAgadrahA 61 tusnAsirI 83 harAsUrA 18 Dhasara 10 narapa ghor3A 62 kacagAra 84 DIDUhA 19 varahAseNI 41 bepAnazrA 63 hapagAra 85 vasITha 20 khaMthaDavAla 42 citauDA 64 brAhmanA 86 larIgula 21 sacANA 43 tetaradharA 65 laugAra 87 pahakaravAla 22 ayodhyApurI 44 sIdarA 66 drAvaDa (17) caurAsI jaina Agama (jaina granthAvalI se ) 1 AcArAMga 8 antagaDa dazA 15 pannavagA 22 puSpacUliyA 2 sUyagaDAMga 9 anuttarovabAI 16 jambUdvIpapannati 23 vanhidaA 3 aNAMga 10 prazna vyAkaraNa 17 canda pannati 24 nizItha 4 samavAyAMga 11 vipAka 18 sUrya pannati 25 mahAnizItha 5 bhagavatI 12 ubavAI 19 kappiyA 26 vRhatkalpa 6 jJAtAdharmakathA 13 rAyappaseNIya 20 kappavaDaMsiyA 27 vyavahAra 7 upAzaka dazA 14 jIvAbhigama 21 pupphiyA 28 dazAzrutaskandha * isa grantha kA vizeSa paricaya jaina siddhAMtabhAskara meM prakAzita mere lekha meM dekheM / 32 ]

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29 Avazyaka 30 dazavaikAlika 31 uttarAdhyayana 32 nandI 33 anuyogadvAra 34 kalpa 35 jItakalpa 36 zrAddhajota kalpa 37 pAkSika 38 kSAmaNA 39 vaditu 40 RSibhASita 41 yatijIta kalpa 42 vizeSAvazyaka 43 cauzaraNa 44 AurapaccakaraNa vAla 45 bhakta parijJA 46 saMthAra payannA 47 tandulaveyAlIya 48 candAvijjaya 49 devidatthao 50 gaNivijjA 51 mahApaccavakhANa 52 maraNasamAdhi 53 vIrastava 54 ajIvakalpa 55 gacchAcAra 56 siddhaprAmRta 57 tIrthodgAra 58 ArAdhanApatAkA 59 dvIpasAgaraprajJapti 60 jyotiSakaraNDaka 61 aGgavidyA 62 tithi prakIrNaka 63 sArAvalI 64 paryantArAdhanA 65 jIvavibhakti 66 kavaca 67 yoniprAbhUta 68 aGgacUliyA 69 vaGgacUliyA 70 vRddhacatuHzaraNa 71 jambUpayannA 72 Avazyaka niyukti 73 dazavakAlika . 74 uttarAdhyayana .. 75 AcArAGga 76 suyagaDAMga 77 vRhatakalpa 78 dazAzruta 79 kalpa 80 piNDa 81 odha 2 saMsakta 83 vyavahAra 84 piNDavizuddhi (18) kundakundAcAyaM kRta caurAsI pAhuDa" 1 samayasAra 2 paMcAstikAya 3 pravacanasAra 4 aSTa 5 labdhi 6 bandha 7 niyamasAra 8 jeNIsAra 9 kriyAsAra 10 AhAraNA 11 rayaNasAra 12 paTa 13 tatvasAra 14 bhAvasAra 15 agala 16 kSapaNa 17 dravya 18 bodhi 19 krama 20 puya 21 vidyA 22 udyAta 23 dRSTi 24 siddhAnta 25 loya 26 caraNa 27 samavAya 28 naya 29 prakRti 30 cUrNI 31 paMca varga 32 eyaMma 33 karmavipAya 34 vihiyA 35 vastu 36 sUtra 37 buddhi 38 payaddha 39 utpAda 40 divva 41 sikkhA 42 jIva 13 AcAra 44 sthAna 45 pramANa 46 AlApa 47 cUlI 48 paradarzana 49 naukammA 50 saMThAkSa 51 nitAya 52 sAlamI ityAdi - *hi0 jainagranthakartA aura unake grantha se uddht| 33]

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(19) caurAsI ratna 1 padamarAga 2 puSparAga 3 pannA 4 karketana 5 bajra 6 baiDarya 7 candrakAnta 8 sUryakAnta 9 krAnti 10 nIla 11 mahAnIla 12 indunIla 13 rogahAra 14 jvarahAra 15 vibhavaka 16 vipahara 17 zUlahara 18 zatraharana 19 rucaka 20 rAga 21 kAra lohitAkSa 22 vidrama 23 masAla 24 haMsagarma 25 vimara 26 amba ( aMbU) 27 aMjana 28 ariSTa 29 zuddhAmuktA 30 kAnta 31 zivakara 32 kaustubha 33 pramAnAtha 34 zivakanta 35 vItasoga 36 mahAbhAga 37 sogandha 38 ratnagaMmodamaNi 39 prabhaMkara 40 saubhAga 41 aparAjita 42 koTIya 43 pulaka 44 subhaga 45 dhRtikari 46 jyotisAra 47 gujarAta 48 svetaruci 49 puSTikara 50 haMsamAla 51 aMsamAli 52 devAnaMda 53 phATikakhIra 54 telaphATika 55 caMdaha 56 narameMDakamaNi 57 garuDoddhAra 58 bhuyaMgamaNi 59 cintAmaNi (tatvakumAra racita ratnaparIkSA se) (20) caurAsI ratna 1 hIrA 2 motI 3 mANaka 4 pannA 5 nIlama 6 lahasUniyA 7 mUMgA 8 pukharAja 9 gomedaka 10 lAlaDI 11 pirojA 12 emenI 13 jadara jada 14 apila 15 turamalI 16 narma 17 sunelA 18 ghunelA 19 kaTelA 20 sitArA 21 sphaTika 22 godanta 23 nAmaDA 24 ludhiyA 25 mariyana 26 makanAtIsa 27 siMduriyA 28 lili 29 berUja 30 maragaja 31 pitoniyA 32 desI 33 purainaphaja 34 sulemAnI 35 alemAnI 36 jajemAnI 37 sAMvora 38 turasAvA 39 ahavA 40 lAjAvarta 41 kudUeta 42 AvarI 43 cItI 44 saMgesama 45 mAravara 46 lA~sa 47 dAnAphiraMga 48 kasauTI 34]

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49 dAracanA 50 hakIkulabahAra 51 hAlana 52 sijarI 53 murvanajma 54 kaharavA 55 jharanA 56 saMgebasarI 57 dAMtalA 58 makaDI 59 saMkhiyA 60 gudaGI 61 kAMsalA 62 sipharI 63 hadIda 64 sIgalI 65 havAsa 66 DheGI 67 haqIka 68 gaurI 69 sIyA 70 sImAka 71 mUsA 72 panadhana 73 AmaliyA 74 DUra 75 tilavara 76 khArA 77 sIrakhaDI 78 jaharImorA 79 rAta 80 sohana makkhI 81 haz2arate Uha 82 suramA 83 pAya z2ahara 84 pArasa (zrI sUrya nArAyaNa jI vyAsa ke vikrama ( agasta 1944 ) meM prakAzita 'ratnoM kI vaijJAnika upAdeyatA aura paricaya' zIrSaka lekha se uddha ta / ApakA ukta lekha kucha saMzodhana parivartana ke sAtha pArijAta ke dvitIya aMka meM 'ratna-paricaya ke nAma se prakAzita huA hai|)

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vagerA zAstrAMrA moTA piMData haa| lAbhU vA TAvarapaNAMmeM ugAM kana zAstrAMro gyAna sIkhiyo / TAvarapaNAMmeM sIkhiyor3A iga gyAnasaM lAbhU va.vo binA paDhiyA~ hIja piMData hugyo ho| uganai zAstrAM aura purANAM tathA itihAsarI kuNa jaga kittI vAtAM yAda hii| lAbhU vAvo maNiyor3o . konI ho paNa gyAnameM vaDA-vaDA bhaNiMyor3Ana cher3e vaisaannto| lAbhU bAbo kahyA karato-nANoM aMTaro. vidyA kNtthrii| lAbhU bAbo lAbhU-vAbo mhArA ghara meM cALIsa varasAMsaM kama ko rahyo nii| do akelo jako kAma karato vo Aja cAra AdamiyAMsU konI hudai| jhAMjharake cyAra bajyAM utthto| uThanai bhajana krto| parcha sagaLA gharameM buvArI deto. pANI chANato, bilovaNo karato poTA thApato, ThANArI saphaI karato, gAyAM-bhaisyAM nai pAgI pAMvato ara nIro naakhto| pachai dUjA kAma krto| lAbhU bAbo TheTU vAsiMdo kise gAMvaro ho A to mAlama konI paNa mhArA bApoto rA gAMva DAMDUsarameM paraNiyo ho jiNasuM mhe to uNane uThAro hI smjhtaa| dholA mUMDhAro choro, javAna, ho jadasaM hI mhArA ghara meM revato Ayo ho| ho to bo do rupiyA~rI mahInadAra paNa mhArA ghararA logAM uNane kadeI naukara ko smjhiyonii| . kAMI choTA ara kAMI vaDA-sagalA ugaro Adara karatA / bar3A loga lAbhU. lugAyAM lAbhUjI aura mhe TAvara lAbhU vAbo kara btlaavtaa| bArarA loga lAbhU vAve ne mhArA hI ghara ro AdamI smjhtaa| lAbhU bAvo Apa mhArA gharanai hI Aparo ghara smjhto| TAvarapaNAM meM mhe ugare sAgai jImiyor3A haaN| mhArai hu~DI-ciThThIro kAma huto| loTa cALiyA kono hA. hajAra rUpiyA rokar3I lAvaNa-lejyAvaNa ro kAma pdd'to| o sagalo kAma lAbhU bAbo karato / bhaNiyor3o aMka Akhara ko ho nI paNa lAvU rUpiyAMro kAma bhugatA deto aura kadeI-aMka paIsArI hI bhUla ko par3I nii| lAbhU bAbo gorA raMga ro, takar3A zarIra ro ara sapeta dAr3Iro paiso javAna ho| dovaTIrI jADI dhotI aura baMDI pairto| mAthA mAthe mulamula rI pAga bA~dhI raakhto| gaLAmeM haradvArI kaMThI aura hAthameM kATharA miNiyArI mALA hara dama revtii| sIyALAmeM desI janarI kAmaLa oddhto| o lAbhU bAbAro pairesa ho| gAMva-goTharI boragata huNaisU mhArai aThe vAralo pheTo ghaNo ho| roja dasa-pAMca AdamI AyA-gayA raivtaa| uga dinAMmeM kaLarI cakkI to hI konI. hAtharUM ATo pIsaNo pdd'to| pIsAragiyAM ATo piistii| lAbhU bAve thakAM aina mauke ATArA phor3A kadeI ko dekhaNA par3atA nii| binA kahyAM AdhI rAtarA uTha-nai ghamar3a-dhamar3a daMdAM nAkhato dina jagato jada AdhamaNa ATo tyAra / lAbhU bAbo jAtaro maMDIvALa dhanAvaMsI sAdha ho| bAparo nAMva zrIkisanadAsa. kAkAro buddharadAsa ara bhAIro nAMva ANado ho| kAko buddharadAsajI rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata lAbhU bAbo kAma karaNanaM sadA jANe tyAra hoja revto| hareka AdamIro kAma niHsvArtha bhAvasaM karato / ghararo to kAMI, gavAr3aro bhI koI jaNo kAma vAssai bakArato to uttara ko deto nii| helo suNatA pANa jhaTa volato [36

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javAnI meM lAbhU bAbo dhaNo tAgatavara ho| eka vAra baDA dAdAjI dAnamalajI rI havelI ciNIjatI hI jada patharAMrI rAMsa car3hAvagavAsatai hamAlAMnai bulaayaa| dasa-dasa maNara bhArI ekaliyA dekhane hamAlAM jIbha kADha dii| jada seThAM labhU bAbA nai bkaariyo| lAbhU bAbai akele vai dasa-dasa magarA aeNkaliyA caDhA diyaa| jatiyAMrI hAlata dekharai lAbhU bAbo kahyA karato kei jatI sevar3A sira maMDA / karamAM-rI gatasU huA muMDA // Ayo / jImato huto to thALI choDa kinAre hAtha dhoyanaM jA hAjara huto| kaiI kAmameM rUdhiyor3o huto toI A kadeI kA kaivato nI kai phalANo kAma karU' huuN| eka 'Ayo' zabda hIja sadA mUMDhAsU niikaalto| lAbhU vAvo kaiMvato-'haM phalANo kAma karUhUM' iyAMna kaNo eka tarAMsaM uttara deNo hai| kAma ro uttara deNo lAbhU bAvo jANato hI konI ho| TAvarAMnai, vizeSakara mhAM tInAMnai-kAkojI megharAjajI, kAkojI agaracaMdajo aura manai, bar3I hIyAlIsaM raakhto| ekane godImeM, dUjAnai khAMdhA mAthai ara tIjAnai magarAM mAthai rAkhiyAM kAma karato to| mhAMna ghaNA okhANA ara duhA sunnaavto| siMjhyA par3atI jada mhe lAbha vAvAna vAta kevaNa vAsatai pakar3ana vaiThAya letaa| bAbo mhArI pharamAsa ara rUci mujava vAtAM suNAvato-kade rAmAyaNarI, kadeI mahAbhAratarI, kadeI itihAsarI, kadeI dhUjIpI, kadeI prahalAdarI. kadeI narasIjIrA maaheraarii| lAbhU bAbo rAmaro bhagata, kartavyazIla aura nirlobhI ho| zAstrAM kathAvArA Adarza bAbai AparA jIvaNa meM utAriyA / dina-rAta, kAma karatAM bakhata bhI. mUMDhAmeM rAma rau nAva haradama raivato kAma karato jAMvato ara bhajana gAvato jaato| mhArA gharasUM lAbhU bAvAne do rupiyA mahIno milto| bhalA-bhalA sAhUkArAM panarai rupiyA mahInoM nai roTI-kapar3o dhAmiyo paNa lAbhU bAbai dUjai ghara naukarI nahIM karI sa nahIM krii| lAbhU bAbo prema romakho ho, TakAro lobhI ko ho nii| lAbhU bAbo kaI bhekha, jImaNa, jIvatakharca AparA nai AparI sAmaNarA kriyaa| hindU aura jaina tIrathArI jAtrAvAM karI / aura marato saIkaDU rupiyA AparI lugAI molAra vAsatai choDagyo / do-cyAra rupiyA kamAvaNa ALo AdamI kiNa bhA~ta sukhI jIvaNa vitA sake. lAbha bAbo iNaro pratakha udAharaNa ho| lAbhU vAvai AparA jIvaNarA zeSa dina gAMva meM gaaliyaa| mA~cA mAthai baiTho-sUto haradama bhajana karato raivto| mhoM TAbarauM nai dekhaNa sivAya kaiI vAta-rI mana meM I konI hI / pitAjI milaNa vAsatai gA~va gayA jada uNAne AyA suNatA~ pANa ubhANe pagA~ sau pA~vaDA~ sAmho aayo| logA~ne ghaNo acaraja huyo ke Aja bAbArA bUDhA pagA~meM itI zakti kaThAsU aaygii| lAma bAbona svargavAsI huyA~ Aja ghaNA varasa hugyA hai paNa mhArA manameM bAbArI ara bAbArA gugA~rI yAda Aja tANI tAjI hai| 37]

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meM rAjA viTThaladAsa gaur3ako yaha jAgIra meM milA para auraGgajeba ne vApisa le liyaa| tatpazcAt mugala saltanata kI kamajora hAlata meM marAThoM ke AkramaNa se rakSA karane meM asamartha ho kiledAra ne jayapura vAloM ko binA zarta durga supurda kara diyA aura marAThoM se rakSA paayii| tavase yaha ajeya durga jayapura rAjya ke AdhIna hai| merI raNathaMbhaura yAtrA jaina sAhitya se raNathaMbhaura kA puranA sambandha hai| 12 vIM zatI meM harisauragacchIya rAjA karNa se maladhAriviruda-prapta zrI abhayadevasUri ke ANA lekha se prathama pRthvIrAja ne atrastha jinAlayapara svarNamayadhvajadaNDa car3hAye bhAratavarSa ke sudRr3ha aura atyanta surakSita prAcIna the jisakA ullekha pattanabhANDAgArIya tAr3apatrIya durgoM meM raNathaMbhaura eka viziSTa, mahatvapUrNa evaM itihAsa padmadevakRta 'sadgurU paddhati meM isa prakAra hai prasiddha durga hai| dUsare aneka durgoM kI bhA~ti isakA raNathaMbhapure ANAleheNaM jassa sNbhriNdeg| nirmANa bhI cauhAnoM ne karavAyA thaa| zaraNAgata-prati hemadhayadaMDamisao nicca naccAviyA kittI ||3|| pAlaka rAva hamIra kA haTha * prasiddha hai| usa pratApI zrI candrasUri-kRta 'munisuvratacaritra' meM nimnokta gAthA aura zaktisampanna narezvara ne apanI rAjya, Rddhi isI vRtAnta kI puSTi karatI hai evaM prANa taka gaMvAye parantu zaraNAgata cAra mugaloko puhavIrAyeNa sayaMbharI nariMdeNa jassa leheNa / sulatAna ke supurda na kara Arya saMskRti ke gaurava kI raNakhaMbhaurajiNAhare caDAviyA kaNayakalasA // surakSA kii| hamIra ne sulatAna ko parAsta kara diyA para yavanoM ke bhAvI utkarSa-yoga se rAniyA~ jalakara isI prakAra vijayasiMhasUri ne 'dharmopadeza vivaraNa' meM bhasma ho gayIM, tathA hamIra kA sArA utsAha-zaurya ullekha kiyA hai kiastaMgata ho gyaa| vIrabhUmi raNathaMbhaura para yavanoM kA yasya saMdesakenApi pRthvIrAjena bhuubhujaa| adhikAra ho gyaa| tadanantara mAlavA mevAr3a ke zAsakoM raNastaMbhapure nyastaH svarNakabho jinAlaye / / ke adhikAra meM rahane ke anantara phira musalamAnoM ke ina avataraNoM meM jisa jinAlaya kA ullekha hai, adhikAra meM A gyaa| bAdako cauhAnoM kI sahAyatA se sambhavataH musalamAnI zAsana meM vaha naSTa ho cukA hogaa| hADA rAjapUtoMne mugala kiledAra jujhArakhA~ se kilA isake bAda bhI raNathaMbhaura se jainAcAryoM kA sambandha barAbara chInakara rAva surjana hADA ko sauNpaa| samrATa akabara rahA hai aura zrI nayacandrasUrijo ne hammIra mahAkAvya ** ne ise yuddha meM vijaya na kara sakane para 52 paraganoM kI racanA kI, jisake varNanoM se granthakAra kA raNathaMbhaura ke badale rAva surjana se raNathaMbhaura le liyaa| saM01688 se sambandha honA phalita hai| * "siMha-viSaya satpurUSa vacana phela phalai ikabAra / tiriyA tela hamIra haTha car3he na dUjI bAra // " ** dekhiye nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA varSa 12 aGka 3 aura varSa 13 aMka 3 meM "hamIra kAvya" nAmaka jaganalAla gupta kA lekha / [38

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samrATa akabara ke adhikAra meM Aneke pazcAt samrAd akabara ke kRpApAtra kachavAhA vaMzIya mahArAjAdhirAja jagannAtha ke adhikAra meM raNathaMbhaura hone kA ullekha jena kavi ratnakuza jaMgaNi kRta 'lImasIbhAgyAbhyudaya meM AtA hai| isa mahAkAvya ke anusAra mahArAjA jagannAtha ne toDAnagara nivAsI agravAla gargagotrIya zvetAmbara jaina mantrIzvara khInasI ko bulAkara saM0 1646 pauSa zuklA heli tithi puSya nakSatra ke dina use "mantrIzvara" padArUr3ha kiyA thA inhIM mantrIzvara ne raNathaMbhaura durga meM kIrtistambha ke sadRzya jinAlaya karAke usameM bar3e samAroha ke sAtha 19 veM tIrthaMkara zrI mallinAtha prabhu ko bhavya pratimaH pratiSThita karAyI thI / abhI raNastaMbhapura meM durga para kevala eka jaina mandira hai jisameM zrI sumatinAtha jI kI pratimA virAjamAna hai jo zvetAmbarAcAryapratiSThita hai| pratimA pacI kI huI nahIM hai| nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki yaha mandira vahI sImasI mantrIzvara kArita hai yA anya hai| kile ( pahAr3I ) ke nimnabhAga meM bhI jaina mandira thA jo aba khaNDahara hogayA hai / vahA~ jaMgalI pazuoM kA aDDA hone kI sUcanA bhI vahA~ vAloM se milI thii| satarahavIM zatI ke jaina kavi kanakasoma, jo akabara Amantrita kharataragacchAcArya yugapradhAna zrI jinacandra sUrijI ke sAtha saM0 1648 meM lAhaura gaye the, bhI raNathaMbhaura padhAre the aura unhoMne 'nemiphAga' nAmaka racanA bhI yahIM kI thI, jaisA ki usake nimna aMza se prakaTa hai nemi cale avicala padai ho dhana-dhana prItama rAga / kanakasoma iNa pariracyo, gar3ha-giNathaMbhara phAga ||30|| isI prakAra eka ajJAta jaina kavi ne saM0 1625 meM sAha cokhA ke anurodha se 'sItAprabandha' kI racanA kI thI, jisakI antima gAthA isa prakAra hai saMvata sola aThavIsa varSe. gaDha riNathaMbhara ati hI jagIsaha / sAha cokhA kahana thI kIyau sevaka janani sivasusa dIyau ||349|| saM0 1667 meM AgarA se zrI vijayasenasUrijI ko bheje gaye vijJaptipatra se pramANita hai ki uparyukta saMvat meM 12 dina kI paryuSaNa parva sambandhI amAri dUsare dezoM kI bhA~ti raNathaMbhaura meM bhI pAlana kI gaI thI / zrIyut merudAnajI sAhava hAkima koThArI ke yahA~ 10 sundara vizAla citra akabaranAmA se sambandhita lage hue haiM, jinameM raNathaMbhaura se sambandhita 4 citra haiM jo bar3e hI sundara aura mahatvapUrNa hai| inakA sAIja 20x10 iMca hai| ina citroM ke nIce nimnokta paricaya likhA huA hai 1) akabara kI phaujeM san 1568 meM raNathaMbhaura kile meM rAva sarajana ko ghera rahI haiN| 2) raNathaMbhaura kile para akabara dhAve ke samaya topoM ko veloM dvArA pahAr3I para le jA rahA hai| 3) san 1568 meM raNathaMbhaura kile para akabara rAva sarajanahArA ke viruddha dhAvA kara rahe haiN| 4) san 1568 meM rAya sarajanahArA kI adhInatA svIkAra karane ke bAda akabara raNathaMbhaura kile meM praveza kara rahA hai| ina citroM meM raNathaMbhaura durga kA jaisA tatkAlIna dRzya dikhAyA gayA hai. durga kI vartamAna paristhiti se tulanA karane para bar3A hI paritApa hotA hai| jahA~ mIloM kI dUrI meM Upara aura durga ke nIce hajAroM gharoM kI bastI thI vahA~ Aja janazUnya pradeza hI dRSTigocara hotA hai. jaMgala kI adhikatA se pratidina pacAsoM U~ToM se lakar3I ke koyale banAkara savAI mAdhopura lAye jAte haiN| aura bikrI kiye jAte haiM tathA bAhara cAlAna kiye jAte haiM / vahA~ jalAzayoM ko bA~dhakara vidyuta utpanna karane kI 39]

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jayapura rAjya kI skIma hai, jisake phalIbhUta hone se bane hue haiN| cAra-cAra daravAjoM ko pAra karane para durgakhetI-bAr3I tathA itara udyoga - dhandhoM meM unnati ho| praveza hotA hai| pratyeka pratolI kA dvAra lohe ke moTe sakatI hai| pataroM se jar3A huA hai. jina para tAmra lekha khude hue haiN| uparyukta raNathaMbhaura durga dekhane kI abhilASA kucha tAmrapatroM meM pratolI ke bhavya dvAra banAne vAle zAsakadina pUrva koTA meM virAjita jainAcArya zrI jinaratna kiledAra Adi evaM kArIgaroM ke nAma haiM. jinameM kleidAroM sUrijI. zrImaNisAgarasUrijI mahArAja ke vandanArtha jAkara ke nAma prAyaH digambara jaina dharmAvalambI zrAvakoM ke haiM / * Ate hue pUrNa huii| savAI mAdhopura se 4 kosa tA~ge kile meM Ajakala kula 5-10 gharoM kI bastI hai / kucha meM jAne para 'misaradarA' ke pAsa hameM tA~gA chor3a kara paidala mahalAne, tariye, mandira, khaNDaharAdi ke atirikta ava jAnA pdd'aa| pahAr3I rAstA bar3A sundara hai| uparyukta bAjAra ityAdi kucha bhI nahIM rhe| bAjAra kA sthAna jahA~ daravAje meM praveza karate hI bar3e-bar3e jalAzaya Ate haiM. phira batalAyA gayA vahA~ sakar3I g2alI ke ubhaya pakSa meM pattharoM ke U~ce-nIce pahAr3I rAste ko tai karane para mArga ke bA~yI tarapha Dhera ke atirikta kucha bhI zeSa nahIM hai| eka atyanta prAcIna mugalakAlIna masjida AtI hai, jisa para lohe vizAla aura U~cI chatarI ke pAsa se hai kara jAne se dAhinI ke pAta para pArasI abhilekha ubhare hue akSaroM meM utkINita ora do mandira aura vAyeM tarapha mahalAtoM meM jAne kA mArga haiN| Age jAne para eka 'daravAjA AtA hai| masaradare hai, jahA~ sipAhI paharedAra khar3e rahate hai aura darzanIya kucha ke mArga meM bhI kucha kabristAna 'Adi bane hue haiN| yahA~ bhI nahIM hai| raNathaMbhaura meM zrI gaNezajI kA mandira atyanta ke patthara citra-vicitrita nAnA raMga ke haiN| hare raMga ke bar3e prasiddha hai| sAre rAjasthAna meM vivAhAdi ke avasara para jo sundara pASANa dRSTigocara hue jo bar3e cikane haiN| kahA vinAyaka kA gIta prArambha meM gAyA jAtA hai--'raNatabhaMvara jAtA hai ki mugasiliyA pASANa (mUMga ke raGga kA ) yahIM suAyo vinAyaka' yaha isI raNathaMbhaura se sambandhita hai| hai jise puSkarAvarta meghadhArA bhI jalAdra nahIM kara sktii| 'raNatabhaMvara gar3ha rAjasthAnI meM apabhraSTa hai aura saMskRta meM yahA~ ke pattharoM kI savAI mAdhopura meM kharala banatI hai use 'raNastaMmbhapura-durga' kahate haiN| jo bar3I sudRr3ha hotI hai| raNathaMbhaura durga pahAr3I ke Upara gaNezajI kA mandira vizAla sAdA aura acchi sthiti aura nIce do bhAgoM meM basA huA hai / isa daravAje meM praveza meM hai| prAcIna kahalAne para bhI zilpakoraNI kA nAmoM karane ke pazcAt pahAr3I ke nIce kI bastI AtI hai| rAste nizAna bhI nahIM hai| dekhane meM bilkula navIna pratIta hotA ke vAyIM ora jogI kA mahala aura 2-3 chatariyA~ va khaNDahara hai| gaNezajI kI mUrti avazya prAcIna hai jo pahAr3a meM Ate haiM | Age jAne para durga-dvAra ke bAhara kucha makAnoM vanA huA kevala gaNezajI kA mastaka mAtra hai| ke khaNDahara, kuMA, garur3ajI kI mUrti Adi dRSTigocara hote usI ke sanmukha mandira nirmANa kara diyA gayA hai| haiN| kile ke makAnAta pratolI aura prAcIra bar3e hI sudRr3ha Age jAne para aura guphAmeM utarane para gupta gaGgA, hammIra ke *ina lekhoM meM se eka lekha nolakhA daravAjA kA yahA~ diyA jAtA hai: zrIrAmajI zrIgaNezAyanamaH // zrI mahArAjAdhirAja mahArAjA zrI zrI zrI zrI zrI savAI jagata siMhajI auhaceyata mAma samasta kiledAra sAha jJAnacanda kAsalIvAla sAhAli chai zrI rAma khIdukA mutsadI kilA raNathaMbhora kA daravAjA nolakhAnIcalA kai kivAr3A kI jor3I naI vaNAya car3hAI mitI phAgaNa sudi 5 zanIzcaravAra saMvat 1864 kAma usato khAtI khAMDe / [40

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bhAMDAgAra tahakhAne baiThane kI utarI Adi cIjeM AtI hai / kile meM sthAna-sthAna para topeM par3I huI haiN| gupta gaMgA jise kahate haiM guphA ke andara khUba nIce utarane para eka gaja lambA caur3A khaDDA hai, jisakA jala ajJAta mArga se paripUrita rahatA hai| jala va svAdiSTa aura svaccha hai / guphA meM hindu dharma mAnya deva mUrtiyA~ bhI pratiSThita haiM / gaNezajI ke mandira ke pAsa se eka dUsarA mArga jAtA hai| tIna daravAjoM se nikalane para bAhara pahAr3I ke Upara eka mahAdevajI kA mandira hai jahA~ zivaliMga ke Upara nirantara pahAr3a jharane kA svaccha jala TapakatA rahatA hai| isake sanmukha eka pASANa kA mastaka rakhA huA hai / kahA jAtA hai ki yaha hammIra kA mastaka hai| pravAda hai ki hammIra jaba sArI senA ko parAsta kara unake jhaNDoM ko chIna kara lA rahA thA taba usakI 500 rAniyA~ zatru ke jhaNDoM ko dUra se dekhakara apanI parAjaya ke bhrama se dArU viche sthAna meM AgI lagAkara bhasma ho gyiiN| isa ghaTanA se vijaya kA harpa zoka rUpa meM pariNata ho gayA aura duHkhI hamIra ne mahAdevajI ke sammukha jAkara talavAra se apanA mastaka ur3A diyaa| tIna bAra mastaka vApisa jur3a gyaa| cauthI vAra phira kATane para zAnta ho gayA / hamIra kI mRtyu jJAtakara zAhI senA ne durga ko tahasa-nahasa kara adhikRta kara liyaa| kaha jAtA hai ki hamIra ke pAsa pArasa patthara ( maNi ) thA jisake pratApa se vaha lohe kA sonA banA letA aura dhana, dhAnya, senA se samRddha aura zatruoM dvArA ajeya rahatA thaa| durga para itastataH ghUmate-phirate hama loga jaina mandira meM pahu~ce / mandira khUba vizAla hai| vAhya bhAga ke cauka meM kucha koThariyAM banI huI haiM evaM dIvAla meM eka zvetAmbara mUrti bhI zveta pASANa kI khar3I huI lagI hai| usI ke pAsa eka parikarakA UparI hissA toraNa rakhA huA thA mUla mandira vizAla aura pApANa nirmita zikhara vRddha hai| garbhagRha meM tIna mUrtiyoM zvetAmbara haiM. avaziSTa pApAna va dhAtu kI sabhI digambara hai| yaha mandira digambara janoM ke adhikAra meM hai| yadyapi yahA~ jainoM kI bastI nahIM haiM parantu serapura, jo misaradarA se 1 mIla kI dUrI para hai, se pujArI Akara pUjA kara jAtA hai| mandira acchI hAlata meM hai| mandira ke bAhyabhAga meM eka koTharI meM talaghara-sA banA huA hai, kUr3A karkaTa nikAla kara dekhane se patA lage ki isameM kyA hai ? isa mandira ke nirmAtA kA koI zilAlekha dRSTigocara nahIM hotA ataH nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki yaha mandira kisane banAyA hai / sAdhana evaM avakAzAbhAva se pratimAoM ke samasta lekha nahIM liye jA ske| jo liye gaye, yahA~ prakAzita kiye jAte haiM 1 - zrI sumatinAtha jI ka. saM0 1494 zrImAla jJAtIya sA0 vIsala mA0 ramaNA putra saM0 mahaNasiMhena bhA0 bhUtasiki putra tihuNAvAlA himA tolAdi kuTumva yutena svakArisaprAsAde zrI sumatinAtha vitra kA pra0 tapaH gacche zrI soma sundara sUribhiH / kha. zrI sumati sA0 mahaNasI. 2 - zrI zItalanAthajI ka. saMvat 1667 varSe mAdharita 6 gurau saGghapati bhalA tasya bhAryA melasiri tatputra dharmadAsAdau gotra tasya bhArajyA dharamasirI tatputra somajI zivajI pratiSThApita zrI zItalanAtha divaM mahopAdhyAya zrIviveka gaNInAmapadezAt kAritaM pratiSThita zrI tapAgacchAdhirAja bhaTTAraka zrI vijayasena sUribhiH AcArya zrI vijayadeva sUri prabhRti sAdhasaMsedita caraNa kamaleH paM0 mahAna gaNinA lekhi kha. zrI AgarAnagara vAstavya saGghapati zrI caNDapAlena pratiSThA kArita / 3-dhAtu kI pacatIrthI para saM0 1404 upakezagacche kakuhAcArya saMtAne ciMcaTagotre vesaTAnvaye sA0 zrIsUrA bhA0 salakhaNade pu0 samudrasIhena pitRzreya se zrI AdinAtha kA0 pra0 zrI kakkasUribhiH / [ 89

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4-digambara jaina dhAtupratimA ke nIce caukIpara cAroM tarapha saMvat 1530 varSe mAgha sudi 11 zukra zrI gopAcala durge mahArAjA zrI kI nisiMghadeva kASTAsaMghe mAthurAnvaye puSkaragaNe maTTAraka zrI hemakIrti tatpa? bhaTTAraka kamalakIrti devA tatpaTTe bha0 zubhacandradeva tavAmnAe agrotakAnvaye gargagotre saM0 do 1 bhAryA lAti tatputrAH paJca samanAjI kRtAjI de"manasiri karmaNi nAmne tatputra puH saM0 narAjatadyAryA ghanasiri tatputro dvitIya ( ityAdi ) katipaya mUrtiyA~ saM0 1547 ja.varAja pAparIvAla pratiSThApita evaM anya digambara lekhoM vAlI haiM jinake lekha avakAzAbhAva se nahIM liye jA ske| dhUpa kAphI car3ha cukI thI, garamI kI adhikatA ke kAraNa hamaloga zIghratA se nikala kara jisa mArga se gaye, vApisa masaradarA A phuNce| yahA~ hamArA tA~gevAlA taiyAra thA aura vaha serapura ke mandira kA, jo sar3aka se thor3I hI dUra para hai. mArga batalAkara chAyA meM Thahara gyaa| serapura kA mandira bhI jaMgala meM hI hai| 'khImasI bhAgyodaya kAvya' ( kaviratna kuzala kRta) ke anusAra yaha raNathaMbhaura kA zAkhApura thA jahA~ mantrIzvara khImasI ne nandanavana ke sadRza sundara bagIcA banavA kara usameM svaccha jala kA ku~A nirmANa karAyA thaa| yahA~ ke mandira para "digambara jaina atizayakSetra serapura" kA pATIyA lagA huA thaa| mandira ke darzanArtha katipaya yAtrI Aye hue the, jo bAhara banI huI koThariyoM meM Thahare hue the| mandirajI meM bahuta-sI sundara digambara jaina pratimAe~ virAjamAna haiM, para Azcarya hai ki praveza karate hI sAmane kI ora caukI para mahAdevajI, gaNezajo, mAtAjI, satIjI Adi / sabhI jainettara hindU deva-deviyA~ virAjamAna haiN| yaha bAta merI samajha meM nahIM AI ki kaTTara digamvara bandhuoM ne inheM kaise nimantraNa diyA? yadi ye binA nimantraNa hI pujAro Adi ke diye hue mArga se A gaye hoM to inakI sabhA ko visarjita kara apane apane mukAma bheja denA cAhie, anyathA kabhI sAmpradAyika samasyA upasthita hone kA avasara A sakatA hai| hamArI raNathaMbhaura-yAtrA rAha calate ghanTe do ghanTe kI thii| ataH na to saba darzanIya sthAna dekhe gaye aura na sAdhanAbhAva se lekhoM kI hI nakala kI jA skii| digamvara samAja kA tortha atizayakSetra serapura hai ataH vahA~ jAne vAle itihAsa premI yAtrIgaNa jinamandirastha samasta lekhoM kA saMgraha prakAzita karane ke sAtha-sAtha kile ke dvAroM para lage lekhoM ko jo khAsa digambara zrAvakoM se sambandhita haiMavazya saMgraha kareM evaM digambara jaina sAhitya meM raNathaMbhaura ke jo vivaraNa prApta hoM unheM prakAza meM lAne ke lie vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA jAtA hai| 42]

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klA ke hajAroM pratIka bhAratIya citrakalA ke itivRtta meM apanA svarNima pRSTha aMkita karane ko sarvadA prastuta haiN| saMprati 'uttarAdhyayana' evaM 'jJAtAsUtra' kI kucha sacitra pratiyA~ prApta haiN| paMdrahavIM-solahavIM zatAbdI se bhASA-graMthoM-rAsa, caupaI AdikA pracuratA se pracAra ho jAne se ve graMtha bhI sacitra bne| bhaktAmara kAvya kathA, kalyANamaMdira kathA. DholAmArU caupAI. caMda rAjA no rAsa. priyamelaka (siMhalasuta) rAsa Adi graMthoM kI pratiyA~ bhI citroM se alaMkRta hokara janatA ke sAmane AI aura isa prakAra udayapura kA sacitra vijJaptipatra citrakalA ko adhikAdhika prazraya milane lgaa| prAcIna bhAratIya citrakalA meM jaina citrakalA apanA eka svataMtra sthAna rakhatI hai| ataH bhAratIya citrakalA ke adhyayana ke hetu jaina citrakalA kA samyaka parijJAna honA atyaMta Avazyaka hai| bhArata meM musalamAnI kAla ke pUrva ke saMdhikAlIna citroM kA prAyaH abhAva hI pAyA jAtA hai, paraMtu jaina citrakalA hamAre samakSa usa kAla kI tAr3apatra, vastra evaM kASThaphalakoM para citrita anupama sAmagrI prastuta karatI hai| kheda hai ki jaina samAja kI saMkucita manovRtti evaM upekSAvRtti ke kAraNa isa citrakalA ko ucita nyAya nahIM mila sakA hai| isI se yadyapi pATaNa, khaMbhAta aura jaisalamera ke jJAnabhaMDAroM se 'kalpasUtra', 'uttarAdhyayana' 'kAlakAcArya kathA' Adi para citrita aneka citra prApya haiM aura kAlakAcArya kathA' evaM 'kalpasUtra' ke citra amarIkA se tathA devacaMda lAlabhAI pustakoddhAra phaMDa evaM sArAbhAI navAba dvArA prakAzita ho cuke haiM tathApi jainetara vidvAnoM kA udhara dhyAna nahIM gayA hai| kathA-sAhitya kI hI bhA~ti. balki usase bhI adhika, citrAMkana kI AvazyakatA bhaugolika sAhitya meM rahatI hai. kyoMki usakI sahAyatA se sudUra aura parokSa kSetroM ko bhI hRdayaMgama kiyA jA sakatA hai| kSetrasamAsa, saMgrahaNI.. lokanAla ityAdi ke citra isa viSaya ke tathA karmagraMthAdi kI sAraNI Adi tatvajJAna ke parizIlana ke liye ananya sahAyaka haiN| vastrapaToM ke citra bhI isI prakAra bhAvapUrNa, jJAnavardhaka aura kalApUrNa rahe haiN| paMcatIrthI paTa, zatrujaya tIrthAdi paTa. vardhamAna vidyA paTa, sUrimaMtra paTa, DhAIdvIpa aura jaM dvIpa paTa tathA citrakAvya paToM ke atirikta pUThe. paTar3I evaM DAbar3oM kI suMdara kalAbhivyakti bhI atyaMta AkarSaka hai| jainoM ne zilpakalA kI bhA~ti citrakalA meM bhI muktahasta hokara dhana kA sadvyaya kiyA hai| Aja bhI devasApAr3A-ahamadAbAda meM sthita jaina-jJAnabhaMDAra ke eka sacitra kalpasUtra kA mUlya eka lAkha rupayA AMkA jAtA - hai| isI prakAra vibhinna jJAnabhaMDAroM meM prApya jaina citra- TippaNAkAra laMve citra aura vizeSataH vijJaptipatra apanA alaga vaiziSTya rakhate haiN| inakA astitva jainoM ke atirikta anyatra kahIM nahIM pAyA jAtA / bauddhaparaMparA meM avazya isa prakAra ke katipaya mahattvapUrNa aMga vidyamAna haiM jo kathAvastu ko citroM dvArA saralatA se vyakta kara dete haiM, paraMtu vijJaptipatroM kI aitihAsika paripATI kA usameM sarvathA abhAva hai| yaha paripATI zvetAMbara jaina saMgha se saMbaMdhita hai aura pacAsauM vijJaptipatra Aja bhI jJAnabhaMDAroM meM surakSita pAe jAte haiN| ina kalA pUrNa vijJaptipatroM meM se kucha kA paricaya mahArAjA gAya . [43

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kavAr3a kI rAjyAbhiSeka graMthamAlA ke prathama puSpa ke rUpa sabase prAcIna hai / * isake pazcAt saM01466 meM zrI devameM prakAzita 'ezaMTa vijJaptipatrAja' nAmaka graMtha meM karAyA suMdarasUri ko preSita vijJaptipatra AtA hai jisakA aba gayA hai| anya saMgrahAlayoM meM aura bhI bahuta vijJaptipatra kevala gurvAvalI khaMDa hI avaziSTa hai, jo prakAzita ho haiM jinakA paricaya prApta hone se isa viSaya evaM kalA kA cukA hai / tIsarA mahatvapUrNa vijJaptitra hai 'vijJaptitriveNI' sAMgopAMga itihAsa prakAza meM A sakatA hai / jo saMvat 1484 meM kharataragacchoya upAdhyAya jayasAgara gaNi jaina samAja ke sAdha. sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvikA saMjJaka dvArA zrI jinabhadrasUri ke prati preSita kiyA gayA thA / caturvidha saMgha meM AcArya kA sthAna sarvopari hai| unake isameM siMdha prAMta ke malikAhaNapura se nagarakoTa-kA~gar3A AjJAnuvartI nAnA-sthAna - sthita munigaNa paryapaNA mahAtIrtha kI yAtrA kA vidvattApUrNa evaM manomugdhakArI sAMvatsarika mahAparva kI ArAdhanA ke anaMtara AcArya kI varNana hai| isa prakAra paMdrahavIM zatI ke tIna viziSTa sevAmeM eka vijJAptapatra bhejate the, jisameM sthAnIya dharmakRtyoM vijJaptipatra upalabdha haiN| ** solahavIM zato meM isa dhArA ke saMvAda, tapazcaryA, prabhAvanA, sUtra-vyAkhyAna-zravaNa tathA ke pravAha ko bala nahIM milA, phalasvarUpa usa samaya kI kSamApanAdi vina ta bhAva (sAdha evaM zrAvakoM dvArA) vyakta koI vistRta racanA nahIM pAI jAtI / kie jAte the| isa vijJaptipatra dvArA AcArya ko apane satrahavIM zatI ke prAraMbha kI eka racanA (saM016nagara meM padhArane ke liye AmaMtrita kiyA jAtA thaa| 04.1612) nAhaTA-kalA-bhavana (bIkAnera) meM apUrNa vidyamAna munigaNa dvArA preSita patra pAMNDityapUrNa saMskRta, prAkRta hai / yaha gadya-padyAtmaka citrakAvyamaya patra bIkAnera se Adi bhASAoM meM likhe jAte the aura gadya-padyamaya zrI jinamANikyasUri jI ko jaisalamera bhejA gayA thaa|*** evaM kAvyaguNoM se pUrNa hote the tathA zrAvakasaMgha dvArA isake pazcAt to gadya-padyAtmaka vijJaptipatroM kI paraMparA preSita patra sacitra hote the aura saMskRtamizrita lokabhASA cala par3I aura dUta-kAvya, khaMDa kAvya, pAdapUrti kAvya athavA kevala lokabhASA meM likhe jAte the| Adi viziSTa kRtiyoM kA nirmANa hone lagA, jinakA isa prakAra ke vijJaptipatroM kI paraMparA bahuta prAcIna pracAra aThArahavIM zatI taka rahA / **** unnIsavIM zatI jJAta hotI hai| pATaNa maMDAra se prApta tAr3apatra meM saMskRta prAkRta kA sthAna dezabhASAoM ne le liyA . 'para likhita prati ke prApta madhya patra kA ullekha purAtattvavid jisake phalasvarUpa vijJaptipatra bhI gadya-padyamaya evaM mizrita zrI jinavijaya jI ne 'vijJaptitriveNI' ke pRSTha 32 para kiyA / bhASA meM likhe jAne lge| satrarahavIM se unnIsavIM zatI hai| aba taka prApta vistRta vijJaptipatroM meM saM01431 ko taka nagara-varNanAtmaka gajala zailI ko protsAhana dene meM mauna-ekAdazI ke dina pATaNa nagara se zrI jinodayasUri dvArA yaha paddhati vizeSa sahAyaka huI aura katipaya gajaleM to ayodhyA - sthita zrI lokahitAcArya ko preSita patra isI uddezya se nirmita huii| * isakA aitihAsika sAra koTA se prakAzita vikAsa, varSa 1 saM01 meM lekhaka dvArA diyA jA cukA hai| ** jodhapura ke rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya meM lagabhaga hajAra zlokoM kA vijJapti-saMgraha prApta hai, usake prArambha aura aMta ke kaI patra prApta nahIM haiN| *** 'rAjasthAna bhAratI varSa 2 aMka 1 meM prakAzita / **** vijJaptipatroM kA eka viziSTa saMgraha muni jinavijaya jI dvArA saMpAdita siMghI jaina graMtha mAlA meM zIghra prakAzita hone vAlA hai| isake atirikta nAhaTA kalAbhavana (bIkAnera ) meM citrakoSa rUpa vijJaptilekha, pANinIya dvayAzraya vijJaptilekha Adi anekoM viziSTa lekha vidyamAna hai / 44]

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vijJaptipatroM kI dUsarI vizeSatA thI unakA sacitra saM0 1916 meM kharataragacchAcArya zrI jinamuktisUri jI ko nirmANa / isa zailI kA vikAsa satrahavIM zatI se huA / die gae vijJaptipatra ke pazcAt anya kisI vijJaptipatra kA aise patroM meM AgarA-nagarastha saMgha dvArA tapAgacchAcArya patA nahIM lagA hai ! zrI vijayasena sUri ko preSita vijJaptipatra kA sthAna sarva prastuta udayapurIya vijJaptipatra 70 phuTa laMbA hai aura pari hai| yaha sacitra vijJaptipatra kalApUrNa hone ke sAtha 1 phuTa 2 iMca caudd'aa| donoM kinAroM para bela-pattiyA~ banI sAtha aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM zAhI huI haiN| isake citra tatkAlIna citrakalA ke mahattvapUrNa citrakAra zrI zAlivAhana ne vAdazAha jahA~gIra dvArA vAraha nidarzana haiM aura udayapura nagara kI usa samaya kI sthiti, sUboM ke amAri-udghoSaNA kA pharamAna die jAne tathA aitihAsika sthAna, sAmAjika avasthA, dhArmika utsAha rAjA rAmadAsa dvArA usake prastuta hone ke bhAva sahita Adi citrita karate haiN| anya vijJaptipatroM se isameM apanI A~khoM-dekhA dRzya citrita kiyA hai| citroM ke vizeSatA yaha hai ki citra ke nIce nAmollekha karake pratyeka . nIce likhe paricaya se tatkAlIna bhaugolika, rAjanaitika , sthAna kA paricaya karA diyA gayA hai| isase dharmasthAna, evaM sAmAjika sthiti kA patA calatA hai| isameM AgarA rAjakIya bhavana, vyaktigata gRhoM aura dUkAnoM Adi sabakI kA zAhI darabAra, sAdhuoM kA Agamana, durgadvArasthita jAnakArI ho jAtI hai| citroM kI samApti ke pazcAt jayamala pattA kA citra Adi paryApta AkarSaka sAmagrI likhI huI vInati' (vinatI) bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| isa vidyamAna hai| citrapaTa ke nIce zrAvaka kI ora se vijJaptipatra se nimnalikhita bAteM jJAta hotI haiMvaMdana , tapazcaryA, dharma-dhyAna Adi ke saMvAda tathA sa0 (1) isakI bhASA mevAr3I na hAkara mAravAr3I hai.. caMdU dvArA nirmApita navIna jina caitya kI pratiSThA ke hetu jisakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki lekhaka paM0 RSabhadAsa. padhArane ke liye sUri jI se namra prArthanA Adi vRttAMta paM0 kuzalacaMda mAravAr3I pratIta hote haiN| isameM mevAr3a aMkita haiN| ke makkI-jau ke khAdya kA nirdeza hai| isI zatAbdI meM dUsare bhI isI prakAra ke mahattvapUrNa vijJaptipatra avazya nirmita hue kiMtu durbhAgyavaza ve surakSita (2) seTha jorAvaramala jI bAphagA ke vahA~ na hone nahIM rhe| isake pazcAt aThArahavIM aura unnIsavIM zatAbdI tathA bacchAvata mehatA zerasiMha ke kAma para na hone se vijJapti. meM pacAsoM vahumUlya evaM kalApUrNa vijJaptipatra taiyAra hue the, patra bhejane meM vilaMba huaa| vaizAkha sudI 2 ko rANAjI jinameM kucha to naTa ho gae aura kucha jJAnabhaMDAroM athavA kI kRpA se mehatA jo kArya para saMlagna hue| vyaktigata saMgrahAlayoM meM ajJAta par3e haiN| bar3audA se prakA (3) yaha citra-lekha lekara zrIhajUra ( mahArANA jI) zita 'eMzaMTa vijJaptipatrAja' meM caubIsa vijJaptipatroM kA pari- kA harakArA vIkAnera AyA thaa| caya chapA hai jinameM lagabhaga Adhe sacitra hoNge| unake (4) isa vijJaptipatra para mehatA zerasiMha, nagaraseTha atirikta eka darjana se Upara sacitra vijJaptipatra hamArI veNIdAsa, bAphagA jorAvaramala sulatAnacanda canaNamala jAnakArI meM haiM jinameM se saM0 1887 ke udayapura ke ( koTA ke dIvAna bahAdura seTha kesarIsiMhake pUrvaja ) ityAdi sacitra vijJaptipatra kA paricaya yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai| isake tatkAlIna pratiSThita evaM rAjamAnya zrAvakoM ke hastAkSara pazcAt bhI yaha paraMparA kucha varSoM taka calatI rahI. * paraMtu haiN| * saM01898 kA sacitra bIkAnerIya vijJaptalekha bIkAnera ke bar3e upAzraya ke jJAnabhaMDAra meM hai, jisakA paricaya 'rAjasthAna bhAratI'. varSa 1 aMka 4 meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| [ 45

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(5) citroM kI dRSTi se bhI yaha vijJaptipatra mUlyavAn hai| isameM udayapura ke tatkAlIna mahArANA kA citra cAra bAra AyA hai-(1) pocholA tAlAva ke naukA-vihAra meM, jisameM ve khAsa musAhaboM ke sAtha virAjamAna haiM. (2) pAkazAlA meM, (3) darIkhAne meM, umarAva sahita, (4) hAthI para haude meM, senA evaM aMgrejoM ke pratinidhi kApa sAhaba ke sAtha / dillI daravAje ke bAhyavartI dAdAvAr3I meM sUri mahArAja bahuta se zrAvakoM se parivRta dikhAe gaye haiM / tatkAlIna sthAna aura dRzya sUkSma byaure ke sAtha dikhAe gae haiN| sarvaprathama bela-pattiyoM se AvRtta puSpoM kA gamalA hai jisake ubhaya pakSa meM zuka avasthita haiN| phira maMgalakalaza, yugala cAmaradhArI yukta zayyAsanoMke tIna citra tathA tIrthaMkara mAtA ke caturdaza svapna (gaja. vRSabha, siMha.lakSmI, puSpa lA.caMdra, sUrya,dhvaja,pUrNakalaza, sarovara, kSIrasamudra, devavimAna, ratnarAzi, nidhUma agni), paricArikA-catuSka sahita zayyAsana-supta tIrthakara-mAtA. jina-maMdira, evaM aSTamAMgalIka ( darpaNa. bhadrAsana, naMdyAvarta, kalaza, matsyayugala, zarAva-saMpuTa, zrIvatsa, svastika ) ke jaina citrakalA saMbaMdhI citra 14| phuTa kI lambAI meM vividha raMgoM meM cAroM ora bela-pattiyoM ke citra sahita aMkita haiN| sthAnoM ke citra 7 phuTa 10 ica kI laMbAI meM phaile haiM / tadanaMtara rAjaprAsAdoM ke citra prAraMbha hote haiM / jina sthAnoM ke nIce citrakAra ne nAmollekha kiyA hai unakA byaurA isa prakAra hai mahArANA rasoIghara meM virAja rahe haiM ( 'rasor3a virA- . jyA darabAra'), dAhinI ora damAmaH vANanAtha jI ke maMdira meM daravAra prAtaHkAlIna pUjana kara rahe haiM: sUrya gaukhar3A ( gavAkSa ), janAnI pola, toraNa pola, janAnI Dyor3hI, motI mahala, cInI gokhar3A. amara ma(hola / phira likhA hai-'bar3e darIkhAnA rI baiThaka virAjyA umarAva 16 pAsavAna nIja suudhii| isameM mahArANA ke samakSa ATha vyakti vaiThe haiM. cAra vyakti pRSTha bhAga meM khar3e haiM aura ATha umararAva baiThe hue haiN| isake Age dasa vyakti khar3e haiM tathA cAra striyA~ baiThI huI haiM / khule cauka meM ghur3asavAra ghoDe phera rahe haiN| hAthI aura senA bhI upasthita hai / madhya meM sthita tripolyA ke ubhaya pakSa meM gyAraha dvArapAla baiThe haiN| bAhya bhAga meM dAhinI ora ghaMTAghara hai| madhyavartI cauka meM ghur3asavAra. pyAde. pAlakI.bhAravAhI majadUra, kA~varadhArI gvAle dikhAye gaye haiN| phira bar3I pola kA dvAra haiM jisake madhya meM eka paharedAra khar3A hai aura sAta baiThe haiM / bAeM kinAre jaMjIra meM baMdhA madonmatta hAtha khar3A hai jisake sAmane koThAra hai aura dAhinI ora dharmakhAte kA koThAra hai| yaha dAhinI ora ke sthAnoM kA paricaya huA, aba bA~I ora kA vivaraNa diyA jAtA hai| dharmakhAte ke koThAra ke bAda kaI makAnoM ke citra haiN| tadanaMtara zrIkRSNa jI kA zikharabaddha maMdira hai jisameM 'vAvAyaroM maMdira' likhA hai| phira kaI makAna haiM jinake gavAkSoM meM mahilAe tathA vaiThakoM meM puruSa baiThe haiN| phira bAphaNoM kA evaM kasauTI kA jainamandira hai| isake Age pradhAna galUDayA zivalAla jI apane makAna meM kaI vyaktiyoM ke sAtha baiThe haiM / tatpazcAt bAjAra Arambha hotA hai jisameM dUkAnadAra apanI-apanI dUkAnoM meM baiTha haiN| sarbaprathama mAravAr3I cauka hai jisameM jorAvaramalajI kI dUkAna, pannAlAlajI isake pazcAt udayapura nagara ke aitihAsika citra haiN| sarvaprathama pIcholA tAlAba hai jisameM mIna, makara, kacchapa, kamala evaM tairatI huI naukAeM citrita haiN| isake ubhaya pakSa meM jaMgala-pahAr3a hai / vAma pArzva meM sItAderI tathA baijanAtha ke devAlaya haiM / tAlAba ke madhya meM vATikA ke bIca jagamaMdira, jaganivAsa, mahArANA kA naukA-vihAra ('mIjalasa kI asavArI nAva kI daravAra' ) tathA 'mohanamaMdira ke citra haiM / dAhinI ora vRkSoM ke bIca zivAlaya, bar3IpAla ( ghATa ). bhImanivAsa, najarabAga aura rUpaghATa tathA bA~yIM ora tIna zivAlaya, jinameM eka kA nAma bhImapadamesara likhA hai aura amarakuNDa Adi citrita haiN| yahA~ taka tAlAba aura usake ubhaya pakSa meM sthita 46 ]

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New MARE.341 MAITHI VARI mahArANA kA citra pIcholA tAlAba ke naukA vihAra meM - HER VEATUR [47

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kI dUkAna, 'koTavAlI cautaro bar3o', bauharAM ro bAjAra, maNiyArI vAjAra, paMsArI bAjAra, hu~bar3oM kA digambara jaina maMdira kharatagaracchIya vAsupUjyajI kA prAcIna maMdira, ikaliMga dAsa colyA kI vaiThaka, bajAjI bAjAra, 'maMdira talArI mAtA ro'. digaMbarI mandira, mocI bAjAra, jozI caturbhuja jI kA ghara, sonA ro vAjAra, agravAloM kA jaina mandira, tA~bA rI TakasAla ( paisA paDai che ). 'kuMDa bahA~ jI rAjA rau' haiM / phira phauja, musAhita, gajArUr3ha kApa sAhaba Adi sAtha cala rahe haiN| Age koTavAlI kA cotarA aura maMDahI (cuMgI) kA cauka dikhAyA gayA hai| purupoM aura striyoM kA samUha nagara meM padhArane ke liye prastuta sUri mahArAja ke svAgata.rtha jA rahA hai| vIca meM phUTA daravAjA mI AyA / hai / var3o pola se dillI daravAje taka ke citra 32 / / phuTa meM bane haiN| kaI dUkAnoM ke bAda dillI daravAjA A gayA hai| aba var3o pola kI bAIM ora ke sthAnoM meM se jinakA nAmollekha citra meM huA hai unakA nirdeza kiyA jAtA hai| koThAra, rAjapUjanIka jagannAtharAya maMdira, nIrUghATa kA rAstA, phira kaI makAnoM ke bAda caMdraprabhu jI kA jaina maMdira, kuaura pade ke nae mahala, TakasAla rUpyArI' ( rupayoM kI TakasAla ), zatalanAtha jI kA maMdira, tapoM kA upAzraya, jagarUpadAsa kAMkariyA kI dUkAna, ANaMdarAma nAhaTA, mANa(ka) cauka meM nagaraseTha veNIdAsajI kI dUkAna, 'vahotaNI (?) cotaro sAyara', pasArI bajAra, bajAjI bAjAra, raMgarejI bAjAra, 'masIta kherAkhA~ rI', maMdira saMDeragaccha ro, jainamaMdira ( nAma ghisA), mocI bAjAra, 'maMdira josI.jI ro, duDhiyoM kI upAdhazAlA (sthAnaka ), khaMDelavAloM kA maMdira, sAyara, mahezva rayoM kA maMdira, bhairU sthAna, kharatara bhaTTAraka zAkhA kA upAzraya (maMDI meM), RSabhadevajI kA maMdira' kharataragaccha kA (maMDI meM). 'sahelyA-darogAM-paMcolyAM ro maMdira'.mesasaja ro mandira (?) / isake pAsa jvAlAmukho topa lagI huI hai| sAmanevAlI sar3aka ke kinAre bhI topa hai / yahA~ phira dillI daravAjA A gayA hai| aba madhyavartI bhAga kA saMkSipta vivaraNa diyA jAtA hai| hAthI, ghor3e, U~Ta, ghur3asavAra, paidala, pAlakI, ratha, panihArI, majadUra, saMnyAsI, pathika ityAdi sarvatra dikhAe gae haiN| sAga bAjAra meM baiThI huI mAline sabjI beca rahI haiN| mahArANA kI laMbI savArI dikhAI gaI hai jisameM mahArANA hAthI ke haude para virAjamAna haiN| Age-pIche darava je ke vAharI bhAga meM usakI dAhinI ora bhaTTAraka jI kI vAr3I. sAjI phakIra kA takiyA, 'vAlakadAsa rI jAgA' (hanumAna mandira ). 'tAlAI bhikhArI nAtha rI', 'chAvaNI phiraMgI rI', 'sAhaba ro daMgalo' haiN| vAI orau (?) jAgara jI ko maMdira, celAM ro maMdira, dAdU paMthiyoM rI jAgA. maMdira paMhar3o ro, tathA dAdAvAr3I navI hai ! saMlagna dAdAvAr3I ke vAga meM sUri mahArAja padhAre haiM aura bahuta se zrAvaka evaM zrAvikAe~ vaiThI huI darzana-pUjana vadaMnAdi kara rahI haiN| bAga ke vAhara ratha. pAlakI Adi vAhana khar3e hue haiN| dillI daravAje ke bAhara rAste meM bahuta se yati. zrAvaka, vAjiva vajAnevAle, siMgAre huye ghor3e, hAzI, rAjakIya senA, nAgarika ityadi sUrijI ke svAgatArtha upasthita haiN| yahA~ 7 phuTa taka vijJaptipatra samApta ho jAte hai ! isake pazcAt 4||! phuTa meM vijJaptilekha aura 3 phuTa meM udayapura ke pratiSThita zrAvaka-samudAya ke vaMdanA-nirdezAtmaka hastAkSara hai / vistArabhaya se samagra lekha udadhRta na kara yahA~ kevala avazyaka aMza diyA jAtA hai| ....zrImadvikramapura nagare susthAne pUjyArAdhya .... zrI zrI jinaharSa sUrizvarAn zrI udayapura thI sadAsevaga AjJAkArI likhataM samasta zrI saMgha kI trikAla vaMdanA avadhArasI jI / atra zrI kezariyAnAtha jI mahArAja prasAde sukha zAMti chai / zrI jI mahArAja rA sadA sukha ANaMda rI ghar3I sadA sarvadA cAhIjai jI / Apa moTA ho bar3A ho udayapura naH zrIsaMgha mAthai sadA kRpA sudRSTi rakhAvo jiNa 48]

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APNA HARY mahArANA kI savArI meM gajArUr3ha kApa sAhaba Adi o 88 ]

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saM vizeSa rakhAvasI jI atra no zrI saMgha rAtri dina smaraNa kara to ghaNo Acho, jiNa saM DhIla huI so takasIrI mApha karAreyo chai jyu cAtaka mora rAta dina varSA nai raTai jyaM zrI saMgha raTa vasI Apa kRpA karake vegA padhArasI DhIla karAvasI nahIM moTo reyA ch| so zrI saMgha mAthai kRpA karakai ava ke caumAsa lAbhAlAbharo kAraNa ghagAM jIvAM ne samyaktva ro udai hosI thor3e udayapura no karAvasI Aparai to bar3A-bar3A zrAbaka vATa dekha likhyau ghaNo kara mAnasI zrI hajUra ro harakArA nai citralekha reyA chai zrI saMgha mAthai pUrNa kRpA huvai Achau puNya huvai jiNI le karake bhejyo hai so vega padhArasI zrI jI mahArAja rau. darasana ThikANa zrI jI mahArAja rau padhAraNau huvai phera mevAr3a deza meM husI so dina sonai rUpai ro UgasI zrI saMgha lAyaka sevA makkI java ro khAMta chai jigI sAmau dekhAvasI nahIM dina saMka- cAkarI hamezA likhAvasI atra zrI jI mahArAja rai hukama rI DAi AyA hai so jigo sAmo dekhAvasI nahIM ghaNA bhavya vAta chai sarva sAdhunaMDalI saparivAra saM trikAla vaMdanA avadhAjIvAM nai samyaktva ro lAbha hosI jina zAsana rI ghaNI rasI jI saM01887 rAjeTha vada 13 akkhara odho adhika mahimA hosI zrI gaNadhara mahArAja padhArasI jaThe sarva vAta ro| likhANau huve so takasIrI mApha karAvasI Apa moTA hau / / kalyANa hosI phera itarA dina rI DhIla huI so seTha jI likhataM sadA sevaka AjJAkArI hukamI paM0 RSabhadAsa / jorAvaramala jI aThai nahIM nai bacchAvata mhetA zrI zerasiMha paM0 kuzalacanda rI trikAla vaMdanA 108 vAra nityapratye jI rai kAma nahIM hato so dAdA sAhaba rI kRpA nai zrI dvAdazAvarta vaMdanA sadaiva avadhArasI zrI saMgha rI vInatI jI hajUra rI kRpA sudRSTi suM karake zrI hajUra suM khusI pramANa karake vegA padhArasI DhIla karAvaso nahIM--- hoya ke vaisAkha sudi 2rai dina kAma saMpyo jaThA pachai RSa UMkAra kI vaMdanA 108 avadhArasI jI Apa mhete jI rAjI khusI hoya ke kahyau zrI jI mahArAja padhAra vegA padhArasI dIla karasI nhiiN| isake pazcAt nimnalikhita prakAra se zrAvakoM ke hastAkSara haiMmhetA sairasiMha kI vaMdanA avadhArasI kRpA hai jyu i rkhaasii| sA0 veNIdAsa bApaNA kI vaMdanA dinaprata 108 avadhArasI jI vegA padhArasI darzana vegA desii| sA0 rUpacaMda camanA velAvata rI vaMdanA mAlUma huvai Apa vegA padhArasI darzana vegA desii| likhatu jorAvaramala sulatAnacanda canaNamala vAphagA kA vaMdanA vacIjo 108 karane vaMdanA avadhArIjo dharmasneha rAkho cho jiNa saM jyAdA rakhAvajo AparA guNa to aneka cha iNa madhye kaThai saM likhIyA jAvai Apa vegA pdhaarsii| li0 pannAlAla zrIcaMda sukhalAla phalodhiyai rI vaMdanA li0 jagarUpadAsa tilokacanda kAMkariyai rI vaMdanA 108 dina prate avdhaarsii| li0 ANaMdarAma maganIrAma nAhaTA rI vaMdanAli0 hemarAja maAcandANI bhaNasAlI kI vaMdanA 108 vAra avadhArasI darzana vegA dIjo... li0 jeThamala tArAcanda koThArI kI vaMdanA 108 avadhArasI jI ..." li0 gulAbacanda jorAvaramala dUgar3a rI vaMdanA avadhArasI jI. li0 rAmadAna megharAja golacha rI vaMdanA ... li0 mu0 hiMdumala kI vaMdanA avdhaarsii| sAha jeThamala varaThiyA RSabhadAsa varaThiyA kI vaMdanA .... 50]

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likhatu TIkamadAsa mahasIMgha serasIMgha catrabhuja copar3A kI vaMdanA .. sA0 ekaliMgadAsa zrImAla rI tarapha rI vaMdanA saMgavI sukhanaracA (?) naMdarAma jorAvara samasta paMcAgamala cAhakA (?) kI 108 vAra vaMdanA paMcAvasI... sA0 catrabhuja baccharAja hIMgar3a rI trikAla vaMdanA 108 baacsii| muhaNota dilIcanda ghAsIrAma bhairU dAsa kI vaMdanA 108 vara ghaNe mAna karane avadhArasI vegA padhArasI / sohanalAla jI tArAcanda DAgA rI vaMdanA vAraMvAra vaMca.jo / sAha OMkAralAla kI vaMdanA... sAha DaMgarasI kATar3e rI trikAlavaMdana,... sAha jayacanda varacanda chAjer3a rI 108 vAra vaMdanA'' sA0 IsaradAsa bhagajI kavar3a (kAvar3iyA) rI vaMdanA sA0 Tekacanda gaMgavAla rI vaMdanA baaNcsii| sA0 gulAva jI maM0 amaradAsa jI rI vaMdanA vaaNcsii| citor3A veNIcanda mayAcanda amaracanda sivadAsarI 108 vaMdanA vaNAgIyA sarAvagI dayAcanda daulatarAma rI vaMdanA 108 vAra vegA padhArasI / sA0 ratanA rUpacanda savaladAsa muNauta rI trikAla vaMdanA sA0 daulatarAma sarIpAra citaur3A rI 108 vAra vaMdanA" li0 dulIcanda jotarAja panAcanda mAlu rI trikAla vaMdanA" sA0 Uda jI tArAcanda nemacanda poravAr3a rI vaMdanA sA0 khemacanda khaMDelavAla sonI rI vaMdanA likhatu mUlacanda vIrANI rI vaMdanA mukhapRSTha para nimnalikhita lekha hai sakala bhaTTAraka ziromaNIya caurAsI gaNa gacchanAyaka jaMgama yugapradhAna bhaTTAraka puraMdara maTTAraka prabhu zrI 108 zrI ( 21 vAra ) zrI 108 zrI jinaharSasUri jI sUrIzvarAn caraNakamalAn citralekha bIkAnera nai rA~gar3I meM kharatara bhaTTAraka upAsarai pahoMcai / / zrIrastu / / [51

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dhAtumaya jaina pratimAeM thiiN| gRha caityAlayoM meM surakSA kA prabandha adhika thA. ataH sone-cA~dI Adi dhAtumaya vimva vahIM adhikatara pUje jAte the| kAla ke prabhAva se adhikAMza gRha-caityAlayoM kI pratimAeM sArvajanika mandiroM meM A gaI aura thor3e se ghara deharAsara raha gaye / rAjasthAna ke gharoM meM 'mandirI' saMjJaka kakSa jo AMgana ke kone meM zAla ke pAsa meM banatA thA, vaha usI prathA kA smAraka hai| Aja bhI kucha loga usameM citra, gaTTAja evaM kuladeviyoM kI sthApanA rakhate haiM parantu vaha upAsanA-gRha kI upayogI paddhati aba prAyaH lupta ho jainAgama, itihAsa aura kathA sAhitya ke parizIlana gaI hai| se spaSTa phalita hotA hai ki Atma-kalyANa ke hetubhUta jina-pratimAeM jo lepyamaya, pApANamaya. ratnamaya prabala nimitta kAraNa jina-pratimAdi kA vandana -pUjana vanatI thIM unameM vividha prakAra ke prastara upayoga meM liye anAdikAla se hotA AyA hai / devaloka evaM nandIzvara dvIpa jAte the| jahA~ jisa jAti ke pattharoM kI khAne nikaTa thIM Adi ke zAzvata caitya isake pratyakSa pramANa haiM / jinezvaroM unhIM pattharoM kI zilpiyoM ne sukumAra hAthoM dvArA chenI se meM RSabhAnana, candrAnana, vAripega aura varddhamAna cAra nAma ghaTita kara hRdaya kI bhAva-urmiyoM kI abhivyakti karake zAzvata haiM jo hara caubIsI meM ekAdhika abhihita hote haiN| apanI sAdhanA vyakta-sAkAra kii| kisI-kisI zilpI ne bharatakSetra meM kAlacakra ke AroM ke parivartana se kRtrima apane jIvana meM kevala inI-ginI pratimAeM hI nirmANa kI (azAzvata) jinAlaya-jinavimba sImita kAla taka hI parantu unameM apane hRdayagata bhAva-dhana ko itanA ur3ela Tika sakate haiM, para devaloka va itara kSetroM meM asaMkhya varSa diyA hai ki darzaka mugdha hokara bAhya bhAva vismRta kara prAcIna jina-vimboM kI avasthiti sarvavidita hai / vAGmaya antalIka meM vicaraNa karane lagatA hai / kaI sthAnoM kI meM varNita paramparAgata pravAdAnusAra vartamAna meM bhI caturthakAla pratimAoM meM isa prakAra kA AkarSaNa aura sAtizayatA hama kI pratimAeM aneka sthAnoM meM saMprApta haiN| jina-pratimAeM pratyakSa dekha pAte haiM / vastutaH pASANa khaNDa ke andara pratimA pASANamaya. mRNmaya, svarga-rajata-pittalAdi aSTa dhAtumaya, to chipI par3I hai. zilpI usake bAharI stara ko haTA kara kASThamaya aura ratnamaya Aja bhI pAyI jAtI haiN| rAjA- sahI rUpa kA pragaTIkaraNa karatA hai| jaise hRdayagata bhAvoM ko mahArAjAoM* aura sampanna zrAvakoM ke gharoM meM hI nahIM prAyaH granthakAra zabda deha meM DhAlakara, citrakAra apanI manogata hara zrAvaka ke gharoM meM gRha-caityAlaya hote the aura unameM kalpanA ko citrarUpa meM sAkAra karane kA upakrama karatA hai. adhikAMza pratimAe~ dhAtupaya evaM ratnamaya hI rahatI thiiN| vahI vAta pratimA zilpI kI zilpa sAdhanA meM hai| yahI vastu sArvajanika jinAlayoM ke dvAra khule rahate haiN| unameM pASANa- hama pAte haiM aneka prAcIna pratIkoM meM, parantu Aja ke yaMtra. maya pratimAoM kA Adhikya thaa| AbhUSaNa, mukuTa, kuNDalAdi yuga kI bhA~ti madhyakAla meM bhI jahA~ kalAkAra kA hRdaya aura vastueM vizeSa pavauM meM dhAraNa karAye jAte the aura bhaNDAra mastiSka bhAvoM kI gaharAI meM na utara kara kevala hAtha hI kI cAbiyA~ kuMcika, goSTika Adi zrAvakoM ke gharoM meM rahatI kAma karane lage, vahA~ kArakhAnoM ke utpAdana kI bhA~ti bAhya * nagarakoTa-kAMgar3A ke rAjamahaloM meM gRha-caityAlaya thA jisameM sthita ratna-pratimAoM ke darzana karane kA ullekha jayasAgaropAdhyAya ne 'vijJaptitriveNI' meM kiyA hai| maisUra nareza ke yahA~ bhI gRha-caityAlaya thaa| 52]

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rUpa vAlI pratimAoM kI phasala utarane lagIM aura vaha sajIvatA aura bhAva vaibhava dhArA jo guptakAla meM pravahamAna ho apane unnati ke zikhara para ArUr3ha huyI thI, kramazaH hrAsa kI ora gatizIla ho gaI / mathurA kI prAcIna kalA meM hama jahA~ aneka vidhAe~ pratimAoM ko AyAgapaTToM kI, parikaroM kI va pratIka zilpa Adi kI pAte haiM hamArA hRdaya mayUra unheM dekhakara nAcane lagatA hai / guptakAla meM Akara unameM aura unmeSa jur3e / zAlInatA, sukunAratA, sughar3atA, pramANopeta lacaka va bhAvamaMgiyA aura vaibhavazAlI sAja-sajjA prakRti prerita dRzyAvalI jo isa kAla meM pAraNa khaNDoM meM uttarI sadA ke lie apanA vaiziSTya jana-mAnasa ke hRdaya para itihAsa ke pRSThoM para mudrAGkita kara giiN| kalA- vikAsa kI pravahamAna sAdhanA ne vAstuvidyAtakSaNakalA kI prAzalatA meM nikhAra lA diyA / samagra deza meM vaha kalA apane unnata zikhara para ArUr3ha huI para prAMtIya vizeSatAoM ne, rUr3hiyoM ne usa sukumAratA meM hrAsa lAkara kramazaH vane zAstra niyamoM ke anukaraNa karate hue bhI navIna zailI praviSTa kara rhii| pAtrANa-pratimAoM, parikarAdi vidhAoM meM jo parivartana, vikAsa huA vaha dhAtu pratimAdi meM bhI AnA svAbhAvika thA / alaga-alaga prAntoM se prApta pratimAoM meM itanA adhika vaividhya AyA aura nirdezakoM kI sUcanAnusAra, ruci anusAra prakAroM kA prAcarya jo dRSTigocara hotA hai, AzcaryakArI hai| . dhAtu pratinAoM meM cauvIsI hI leM to unake krama meM aneka vidhAe~ AI kendrIya pratimA ke atirikta anya pratimAe~ kahIM dvitIya paMkti meM kahIM toraNa paTTa ke UparI bhAga meM, kahIM kakSa meM, kahIM sIdhI sarala paMkti meM, kahIM golAkAra meM nirmita huiiN| paMcatIrthI, tritIrthI, ikatIrthI, saparikara Adi pratimAoM meM kitane hI prakAra ke pratihAryo ke prakAra bheda, gaganasthita gandharvoM, kinnariyoM, pArzvasthita indrAdi, cAmaradhArI puruSa, striyoM meM zAsanadeviyoM aura yakSoM ke vibhinna praveza ne navagraha aSTagraha ke pUrNa vika sita aura saMkSipta rUpa aura sthAna parivartana meM pratimA ke padmAsana, siMhAsana, lAMchana, devI-devatAoM ke alaMkAraAyudha Asana mudrA Adi ke parivartana aura stambhoM, toraNa, pAye, AdhAra, prabhAmaNDala sampUrNa pratimA ke AkAra-prakAra aura aMga-vinyAsa meM jo samaya-samaya para parivartana Aye aura deza meM sarvatra vaha zilpa apanI-apanI kSetra maryAdA ke anusAra pallavita puSpita huA aura usameM asaMkhya unmeSa jur3ate gaye / lepyamaya vAlukAmaya pratioM ke nirmANa kA hama aneka kathAnakoM meM ullekha pAte haiM / rAmAyaNa kAla meM banI vAlukA kI pratimA bhI saprabhAva hokara cirasthAyI ho gii| tathA osiyA~ Adi kI pratimA ke vAlukAmaya hone kI prasiddhi hai / inhIM vidhAoM ko hama dhAtu ke mAdhyama se sAkAra huA pAte haiM para dhAtumaya vastue~ bhI aneka vAra maTTI meM galakara nUtana paryAya meM pariNata ho gii| itihAsa ke pRSThoM meM jitanI sonA, cA~dI, pItala Adi kI pratimAe~ nirmita hone kA havAlA pAte haiM, ve aba kahA~ upalabdha haiM / unheM avazya hI galA kara ThikAne lagA diyA gayA. isameM * do mata nahIM hai / pASANa-pratimAoM ko yavanoM ne tor3A aura unake Tukar3e gala nahIM sakane ke kAraNa masjidoM makAnoM meM cina diye gae, cUra-cUra kaNa-kaNa ho gae, sar3akeM vichA dI gaI phira bhI jo khaNDa vace Aja bhI khudAI meM yA khaNDaharoM meM pratyakSa dIkha par3ate haiM / mAladA ( baMgAla ) kI AdInA masjida jo kabhI AdinAtha bhagavAna kA vAcana jinAlaya thA kI divAloM meM akhaNDa jina pratimAoM ko ulTA cina kara kurAna kI AyAteM likha do gaI unake prAcIna masjidoM meM lage upadAna isake sAkSya haiN| mathurA tIrtha kalpa se vidita hotA hai ki vahA~ kA bauddha stUpa kuberAdevI ne meru parvata kI sthApana svarUpa svarga aura maNiratnoM se nirmANa kiyA / kAlAntara meM zrI pArzvanAtha [ 53

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svAmI ke samaya bhI jaba rAjA kI niyata bigar3a gaI to paMcama kAla ke bhAvI dRzya ko lakSa kara devI ne use prastaramaya kara diyA / yahA~ bhI pUrvakAla ke dhAtu zilpa kI bAta spaSTa hai| abhayakumAra ne magadha ke paramparAgata mitra Adraka deza ke yuvarAja Adra kumAra ko pratibodha dene ke liye jisa pratimA ko bhejA thA, vaha bhI avazya svarNamaya aura ratnajaTita thI use gale, mastakAdi para dhAraNa karane kI ceSTA va uhApoha meM hI AdrakakumAra ko jAtismaraNa hokara bodha prApta huA thaa| dhAtu-pratimAoM ke sahasroM kI saMkhyA meM pratiSThita hone ke ullekha prAcIna gurvAvaliyoM evaM pravandha granthAdi meM pAye jAte haiN| musalamAnI kAla meM bahuta-sI pratimAeM yavanoM dvArA naSTa kara dI gaI / cintAmaNi jI ke mandira ( bIkAnera ) kI AdinAtha caubIsI kA parikara kAmarAM ne naSTa kara diyA, jisakA ullekha ukta pratimA ke parikara para pAyA jAtA hai / yavanoM ke bhaya se kucha pratimAeM miTTI meM gAr3a dI gaI / Aja bhI sthAna-sthAna para khudAI meM prAcIna pratimAeM prApta hotI hai / amarasara ke dhore meM prApta pratimAeM bIkAnera ke myUjiyama meM pradarzita haiN| akabara kA adhikArI turasamakhAna sahasrAdhika pratimAeM saM0 1633 meM sirohI kI lUTa meM lAyA thA jinheM vaha galA kara sonA nikAlanA cAhatA thaa| saubhAgyavaza akabara ne galAnA manA kara use apane khajAne phatehapura sIkarI meM rakha dI jinheM saM0 1639 meM maMtrIzvara karmacandra bacchAvata rAjA rAyasiMha ke sahayoga se prApta kara bIkAnera le Aye jo Aja bhI cintAmaNijI ke mandira meM vidyamAna haiM / dhAtu-pratimAeM na kevala gujarAta, rAjasthAna meM hI apitu sAre bhArata meM saMprApta haiM / zvetAmbara, digambara ubhaya paramparAoM meM dhAtu-pratimAeM nirmita hotI thIM / dakSiNabhArata meM to Aja bhI paryApta parimANa meM jaina-jainetara dhAtu pratimAeM upalabdha haiM / kahA jAtA hai ki bIkAnera mahArAjA anUpasiMha bhI bahuta-sI dhAtu-pratimAeM prApta karake bIkAnera lAye the jo bIkAnera ke purAne kile ke bar3e kArakhAne meM sthita taiMtIsa karor3a devatAoM ke mandira meM dekhI gaI thiiN| hamAre saMgraha meM bhI aisI vividha pratimAeM vidyamAna haiM / baMgAla meM mRNmaya mUrtikalA to dinoM-dina vikasita hotI jA rahI hai kintu dhAtumaya prAcIna jaina-jainetara pratimAeM bhI pAyo jAtI haiM / jaina-pratimAeM sahasrAbdi pUrva kI aneka samprApta hai / nepAla aura tibbata kI kalApUrNa bauddha pratimAe~ to pracura parimANa meM pAyI jAtI haiM / prAcIna kAla se hI tIrthayAtrI saMghoM ke sAtha jo caityAlaya-ratha rahate the unameM suvidhA kI dRSTi se adhika dhAtu-pratimAeM hI le jAyI jAtI thiiN| Aja to videzoM meM saikar3oM jaina pratimAeM sarakArI saMgrahAlaya meM calI gaI haiM para prAcIna kAla meM bhI gaI huI pratimAeM saMprApta haiN| AsTriyA ke haMgarI prAnta meM eka kheta meM jina pratimA va navapada yaMtra nikale the / dazavIM zatI kI eka jina pratimA kemalA ( bulgeriyA) ke rAjagrAda myUjiyama meM surakSita hai, jo kabhI kisI bhAratIya samudra yAtrI dvArA vahA~ le jAyI gaI pratIta hotI hai| yaha pratimA siMhAsana para akelI baiThI hai / isameM siMhAsana ke stara va bIca meM eka va nIce vAle siMhAsana para tIna AkRtiyA~ haiM, navagraha nhiiN| cIna ke kisI bauddhAyatana meM jina-pratimA pUjI jAne kA ullekha motIzAha seTha ke samaya kA prApta hai / satrahavIM zatabdI ke varddhamAna padmasiMha caritra meM unake cIna se vyApAra kA vizad varNana milatA hai / dharmaprANa sAhasI jaina vyApArI apane ArAdhya deva kI pratimAeM upAsanA ke hetu sAtha le jAyA karate the| prAcInakAla se dhAtu-pratimAoM ke nirmANa hone kI prathA sArvatrika thii| na kevala bhArata meM hI balki videzoM meM bhI pratimA nirmANa meM mizrita dhAtuoM se pratimAeM nirmita hotI thiiN| IsA se pUrva caturtha zatAbdI meM braTasa kI kAMsyapratimA kA mastaka roma meM prApta huA thaa| bhArata meM to lAkhoM varSa pUrva bhI mallinAtha caritra meM pUrvajanma ke mitroM ke 54 ]

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pratibodhArtha unakI tadAkAra svarNamUrti banavAye jAne kA vRttAnta pAyA jAtA hai / khaMDagiri -udayagiri meM hAthI gumphA ke suprasiddha zilAlekha meM varNita kaliMgajina AdinAtha bhagavAna kI jisa pratimA ko rAjA naMda le gayA thA. mahAmeghavAhana cakravartI samrATa khAravela magadha deza ko jIta kara usa pratimA ko punaH kaliMga meM lAyA / vaha pratimA ati prAcIna aura svarNamaya thI. aisA kaI vidvAnoM kA mata hai| parilakSita haiN| cauthI pratimA pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kI phaNA maMDita hai| jisake nIce dvistarIya siMhAsana hai| deha kI U~cAI aura mukhamaMDala kI saumyatA dekhate bha0 RSabhadeva aura pArzvanAtha pratimAeM candraprabha pratimAoM se prAcIna pratIta hotI hai| yahA~ eka aura RSabhadeva bhagavAna kI pratimA hai jo prathama ke sadRza ho hai / ina pratimAoM meM zrIvatsa cinha bane huye haiN| bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI eka khaGgAsana pratimA hai jisake skandha pradezoM para keza-rAzi phailI huI hai| mastaka ke pRSTha bhAga meM vRkSa jaisA banA huA pratIta hotA hai / vambaI ke priMsa Apha velsa myUjiyama meM bha0 pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga kI mudrA meM khar3I huI kAMsya-pratimA hai jisakA dAhinA hAtha khaNDita hai| prabhu ke donoM pairoM ke bIca pRSTha bhAga meM rahA sA~pa mastaka para phaNa kiye avasthita hai| isa pratimA kA nirmANa kAla IsA ke eka zatAbdI pUrva hone kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / isakA prAptisthAna ajJAta hai / vidvAnoM ne isakI har3appA aura mauryakAla kI kalA se tulanA kI hai| yaha pratimA moma sA~cA vidhi se DhalI huI halkI pratimA hai| jaina sAhitya meM pratimA nirmANa ke liye biMba bharAnA zabda pracalita hai jo dhAtu rasa ko sA~ce meM DhAlane-bharane kI prakriyA se saMbaMdhita haiN| nAlandA ke rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya meM eka ambikA kI kAMsya-mUrti upalabdha huI hai, jo nauvIM-dasavIM zatI kI sundara kRti hai| devI kA dAhinA gor3A nIce pAdapITha para ... rakhA huA hai aura vAMye gor3e para bAlaka baiThA huA hai| siMha para virAjamAna devI ke pRSTha bhAga meM catu. koNa paTTikA lagI hai| jisake Upara ubhaya pakSa meM makaramukha nikale hue haiM / devI ke gale meM hAra-kuNDala aura eka zRMkhalA yajJopavIta kI bhA~ti dAhine gor3e para AyI huI hai / mukhakamala ke pRSTha bhAga meM prabhAmaNDala suzobhita hai, jo laMbagola hai| paTanA myUjiyama meM causA se prApta katipaya kAMsya nirmita jina-pratimAeM evaM eka azoka vRkSa aura dharmacakra hai| ye gupta aura guptottara kAla kI magadha mUrtikalA ke utkRSTa udAharaNa haiM / do candraprabha pratimAeM siMhAsana para sthita haiM jinake siMhAsana ke Upara prabhu ke pRSTha bhAga meM alaMkRta stambha va arddha golAkAra prabhAmaNDala hai| stambhoM para makaramukha hai jinakI mur3I huI jiha vA pU~cha kI taraha vRttAkAra ho gayI hai| isa prabhAmaNDala para candralAMchana banA huA hai / pratimA ke UparI bhAga meM lAMghana inhIM pratimAoM meM dekhA gayA hai| tIsarI pratimA bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI hai jisake skandhoM para keza-rAzi spaSTa hai| prabhu ke nIce pabbAsana yA siMhAsana na hokara kevala do pAye sAmane dhanabAda jile ke aluArA meM 29 kAMsya mUrtiyA~ upalabdha huI haiM jo paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM haiN| inameM adhikAMza khagAsana pratimAoM kI hatheliyAM aura aMguliyA~ deha kA sparza karatI hai| lalATa para urgA kA aMkana hai aura pAdapIThoM para vibhinna paTTikAoM meM alaMkaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha lAMdhana bane hue haiM / jisase RSabhadeva, candraprama, ajita. nAtha, zAMtinAtha, kuMthunAtha, neminAtha, pAva nAtha, mahAvIra aura ambikA mUrtiyA~ sahaja meM pahicAnI jAtI haiM / nirmANa zailI ke AdhAra para ye gyArahavIM zatI ke prArambha kI vidita hotI haiN| mAnabhUma se prApta eka AdinAtha bhagavAna kI kAMsyamUrti kalakattA ke AzutoSa myUjiyama meM saMrakSita hai, jo [ 55

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AbhAsa karA detA hai / nauvIM-dazavIM zatAbdI kI haiN| kandhe para kezAvalI aura mastaka para jaTa-kirITa hai, caukI para bar3A vRSama hai aura kamalAsana para AjAnubAhu prabhu kI pratimA hai / baMgAla ke caubIsa paraganA meM nalagor3A eka sthAna hai jahA~ tIrthaMkara neminAtha svAmI kI adhiSThAtR yakSI ambikA kI sundara kAMsya pratimA prApta huI hai / yaha pratimA dhanuSAkAra phaile hue vRkSa ke nimna bhAga meM kamalAsana para avasthita hai jo eka sundara jAlIdAra pAdapITha para hai jisase Amra vRkSa kA tanA vAma pAva se nikalA hai| isake pAsa bhagavatI ambikA kA vAhana siMha baiThA huA hai| devI ke vAyeM goda meM bAlaka hai jisakA dAhinA hAtha devI ke stana para hai. dAhinI ora duusr| bAlaka nirAvaraNa dazA meM pAdapITha para khar3A hai / devI ke hAthoM meM cUr3iyA~, pairoM meM nupUra aura gale meM hAra va kAnoM meM karNaphUla haiM / gor3e se thor3e nIce sAr3I ke gola sala spaSTa parilakSita haiM / kSINa kaTipradeza aura kRzodara para sAr3I lapeTI huI hai| yaha pratimA dazavIM zatI kI pratIta hotI hai| sirapura kI AdinAtha pratipA : sva0 munizrI kAntisAgarajI ne apane madhyapradeza pravAsa meM aneka upalabdhiyA~ kI thI jinameM do dhAta-prati- . mAe~ ve lagabhaga 40 varSa pUrva kalakattA lAye the| inameM eka to vauddha devo tArA kI pratimA anupama kalA kI sAkAra rUpa thI, dUsarI bhagavAna RSabhadeva kii| usa samaya vistRta adhyayana kara lekha prakAzita kiye gaye the| unheM ve pratamAe~ sirapura ke mahanta maMgalagiri se prApta huI thiiN| maiMne pahale unase bIkAnera meM rakhane kI bAta kI thI para purAtatvAcArya zrI jinavijaya jI ke kalakattA padhArane para unhoMne unheM samarpita kara dii| jinavijaya jI ne bauddha pratimA bhAratIya vidyA bhavana meM de dii| kucha varSa pUrva jayapura myUji. yama ke kyureTara zrI satyaprakAza jI ne mujhe batalAyA ki vaha pratimA to amerikA meM dekhI thI, yaha to huI vauddha pratimA kI bAta / dUsarI AdinAtha pratimA maiMne kalakattA meM zrI rAjendrasiMha jI siMghI ke pAsa dekhI / ___ madhya pradeza ke sabhI mandiroM meM vividha kalApUrNa dhAtu pratimAeM saMprApta haiN| ina saba meM AravI ke saitavAloM ke mandira kI dhAtu-pratimA apanA viziSTa mahatva rakhatI hai / prAnta kI anya pratimAoM kI bhA~ti yaha bhI arddhapadmAsana mudrA meM kamalAsana para sthita hai / pazcAt bhAga meM lagA huA takiyA eka jainava stu bAhyavidhA hai / takiye ke ubhaya pakSa meM grAsa evaM Upara ke makaramukha bar3I hI bArIkI se abhivyakta hai / mUla pratimA ke chatratraya ke caturdika pIpala-pattiyoM kA aMkana hai / yaha caubIsI hai| sabhI choTI pratimAeM bhI arddhapadmAsana mudrA meM haiN| mUla pratimA ke ubhayapakSa sthita cAmaradhArI aura caraNoM ke nikaTa sthita devava catubhujI devIbhI arddha padmAsana sthita hai aura vividha alaMkAra va AyudhoM se paripUrNa haiM / sArI pratimA cAra khambhoM para sthita hai / isa pratimA meM vibhinna AkRtiyA~ utkINita haiN| isakA DhAMcA eka mandira ke zikhara kA sirapura se prApta pratimA dazavIM zatAbdI kI mAlUma detI hai| yaha tAmravarNI pratimA kalA kI dRSTi se apanA vizeSa mahatva rakhatI hai| madhya kamalAsana para yugAdideva virAjamAna haiM jinake skaMdha pradeza para kezAvalI prasArita hai / pRSTha bhAga kA alaMkRta prabhAmaNDala paryApta bar3A aura kalA pUrNa hai| bhagavAna ke kamalAsana para vRSabha lAMchana spaSTa parilakSita hai aura nimna bhAga meM navagrahoM kI bar3I mUrtiyA~ virAjamAna haiN| aneka mUrtiyoM kI bhA~ti navagraha kahalAne vAlI mUrtiyA~ ATha hI pAyI jAtI haiM kyoMki vastusAra ke anusAra rAhu-ketu ko eka hI mAna liyA gayA hai / dAhinI ora ambikA devI hai jisakI bA~yIM goda meM va dAhinI aura siddha-buddha bAlaka vidyamAna hai| inake dAhinI ora parikara ke nikale Tor3e para yakSarAja virAjamAna haiN| bhagavAna ke vAmapArzva meM zAsana devI sthita hai| 56 ]

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bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha dvitIya bhAga meM bhAnapura (ur3IsA) ke kucha dhAtu nirmita caubIsI Adi ke ci prakAzita haiM / prastuta caubIsI pratimA bar3I hI vilakSaNa aura advitIya vidhA vAlI hai| kaTaka, bhuvanezvara mArga para nadI kI miTTI khodate samaya nakulabhaTTa khaMDAyata ko pA~ca pratimAoM kI prApti huI thI / usane eka maMdira banavAkara usameM unheM virAjamAna kara diyA hai / (2) vRkSa kI zAkhA ko pakar3a kara khar3I azokA yA mAnavI devI jisake Asana para rIcha aMkita hai / (3) sapta phaNA patrIyukta pArzvanAtha / (8) sarpa lAMchana se aMkita pAdapITha para khar3e pArzvanAtha / (5) kamala puSpayukta pAdapITha para kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3I AdinAtha kI mUrti / inameM AdinAtha pratimA utkRSTa kalA-kauzala kA udAharaNa hai| sundara jaTAjUTa maNDita prabhu kI prazAMta mukhamudrA aura zarIra kA saumya gaThana prekSaNIya hai / usa para utkINita abhilekha ke anusAra yaha zrIkara saMjJaka vyakti dvArA nirmApita hai| ye pratimAeM kalA kI dRSTi se dazavIM zatAbdI kI ho sakatI haiM jinakA adhyayana honA Avazyaka hai|| ina pratimAoM ke madhyavartI caturvizati paTa ke madhya golAkAra bhAga meM 12. Upara 8 aura cAroM kone meM 4 kula 24 mUrtiyA~ haiN| inake atirikta nIce ke bhAga meM pArzvanAtha aura zIrSastha mahAvIra svAmI kI pratimA hai| denoM ora siMha stambha para toraNa avasthita hai| nimnabhAga meM devI-devatAoM kI pratimAe~ parikara meM avasthita hai| yaha mUrti saM0 1090 kI nirmita hai| isake sAtha do-do khaGgAsana pratimAeM haiM jinameM eka pArzvanAtha aura tIna RSabhadeva bhagavAna kI hai| inakI U~cAI 6 iMca kI do, 9iMca kI eka aura eka 11ca kI hai / gyAraha ica vAlI kamalAsana para khar3I RSabhadeva pratimA meM caturdika nau graha bane huye haiM, vaha pratimA bhI apane DhaMga kI eka hI hai| ur3IsA ke kaTakapura se prApta RSabhadeva bhagavAna kI eka sundara pratimA kalakattA ke iNDiyana myUjiyama meM pradazita hai| yaha kAMsya pratimA sundara pAdapITha para kamalAsana ke Upara avasthita hai| pAdapITha para madhya bhAga meM vRSabha ( lAMchana ) baiThA huA hai / prabhu kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM hAthoM kI aMguliyAM deha kA sparza kara rahI haiM / mastaka para U~cA uSNISa aura skaMdha pradeza para donoM ora tIna-tIna laToM meM keza-rAzi phailI huI hai| pratimA ke pAdapITha para myUjiyama kA kramAMka 1243 likhA huA hai| dUsarI candraprabha pratimA AzutoSa saMgrahAlaya meM hai jo 11vIM zatI ko mAlUma detI hai ! bhAnapura ke pAsa do mIla para pratApapura gA~va meM bhI pratimAeM nikalI thiiN| ur3IsA meM jaina pratimAeM pracura parimANa meM prApta haiM / kaTaka ke candraprabha jinAlaya meM eka Rramadeva bhagavAna kI dhAtumaya khaGgAsana pratimA bar3I bhavya hai / prabhu kI keza-rAzi ubhaya bhAga meM tIna-tIna laToM meM prasArita haiN| caurasa siMhAsana ke gola kamalAsana para prabhu khar3e haiM / ubhaya siMhoM ke madhya meM kumbha rakhA huA hai ora Age nikale hue alaga pAye para lAMchana svarUpa vRSabha baiThA huA hai| chaThI zatAbdI ke zailodbhava rAjA dharmarAja ke bAnupura tAmralekha meM unakI rAnI kalyANa devI dvArA eka zataprabuddha__ caMdra nAmaka jainamuni ko kucha bhUmi dene kA ullekha hai / (bAbU choTelAla jaina smRti grantha. pR0 170) ur3IsA ke rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya meM, vAnapura se prApta kAMsya- pratimAoM kA mahatvapUrNa saMgraha hai| unameM (2) AmravRkSa ke nIce baiThI, goda meM bAlaka ko liye hue ambikA / ambikA---elorA kI kAMsya-mUrti khar3I ambikA ke pAsa meM eka vAlaka khar3A hai / dvistarIya siMhAsana para gola kamalAsana hai / nIce bAlaka bagala meM khar3A hai / jhavArI-mandira kAMsya-jinAlaya anukRti lagabhaga 11vIM [ 57

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zatI kI hai| isakA zikhara caurasa hai va cAroM ora camukha bhagavAna virAjamAna karane kA sthAna hai| yahA~ eka mUla pratitAvihIna parikara mAMdhAtA (nimAr3a) se prApta huI hai. jisameM saM0 1241 kA abhilekha hai| isameM vidyAdhara yakSa, cAmaradhArI puruSa aura bhaktajana bane hue haiN| saM0 1188 kI vanI eka zAMtinAtha pratimA vikTo. riyA va alavarTa myUjiyama meM hai| vaikugam-yahA~ ke jaina mandira meM 7 khar3I kAMsyamUrtiyA~ haiM jinameM pArzvanAtha ke sira para sarpaphaNa hai| inameM ghaMgharAle bAla. A~kheM va mukhAkRti meM rukSatA hai / AkoTA kI pratimAeM: AkoTA (gujarAta) se prApta dhAtu-pratimAeM bar3audA saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita haiM jinakA paricaya diyA jA rahA kAyotsarga dhyAna kI uccatama avasthA ko ujAgara karatI hai| bhagavAna ke lalATa para gola TIkI dI huI hai| prabhu ke bhujabaMda skaMdha pradeza ke nIce pahanAye hue haiM jinake mukuTa kI gavAkSa zalo maNimAlAvat parila kSata hotI hai / kamvugrIva prabhu ke gale kA hAra paryApta vizAla hai aura hAthoM meM valaya pahane hue haiN| kaTimekhalA se kasI huI dhotI nIce taka ayI huI hai| dhoto ke sughar3a sala spaSTa haiM aura madhyabhAga meM alaMkRta paryasatka baMdhA huA hai / dhautI kI cunnaTeM vallI jasI lagane lagI haiN| yaha pratimA pUrva-guptakAla kI kalA kA utkRSTa namUnA hai| 3. jIvanta svAmI-yaha pratimA bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM vanI pratimAoM ke anudhAvana meM banI jAnevAlI prAcIna aura kalApUrNa guptakAlIna pratimA hai / jIvantasvAmI kI isa pratimA ke donoM hAtha khaNDita haiN| 1. RSabhadeva--yaha kAMsya-pratimA khaGgAsana mudrA meM atyanta sundara, 76 se0 mI0 UMcI aura kalApUrNa hai| eka hAtha isakA sarvathA aura AMzika rUpa meM anyatra bhI jarjarita-kSatigrasta ho gayA hai| pAdapITha to sarvathA lupta hai para isake nIce taka adhovastra-dhotI dhAraNa kiyA huA hai| isa guptakAlIna kaMbugrIva aura kSINa kaTipradeza vAlI pratimA ke netra rajata-maMDita aura adhara tAmravarNI haiM / skaMdha pradeza para laTakatI kezarAzi vAlI isa AjAnubAhu pratimA ko uttara bhArata kI sundaratam pratimA kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha pratimA pA~cavIM zatI 4. jIvanta svAmI-yaha pratimA eka abhilekha yukta U~ce pAda-pITha para khaGgAsana dhyAnAvasthita hai| isake Asana para khude lekha se yaha vidita hotA hai ki candrakula kI nAgIzvarI zrAvikA kA yaha deva nimitta dAna hai| isakI lipi I0 saM0550 ke AsapAsa kI hai / isa pratimA ke mAthe para mukuTa, kAna meM kuNDala, vAye hAtha meM UMce bhujabanda va kalAI para valaya hai / dAhinA hAtha sarvathA lupta hai| kaTimekhalA dhotI ke Upara dhAraNa kI huI hai| mukhamaNDala ke pRSTha bhAga meM sUpAkRti kinArIdAra prabhAmaNDala banA huA hai| inakA mukuTa trikUTa hai aura pahale vAlI pratimAoM kI bhA~ti UparI bhAga meM caurasa TopI jasA AkAra nahIM hai / dhotI kI lAMga madhya meM gomUtrikA kRti vAlI hai| 5. RSabhadeva pratimA-yaha pratimA kAyotsarga-khaGgAsana mudrA meM avasthita hai / isa 25 se0 mI0 UMcI pratimA ke ne ce 3349 se0 mI0 parimANa kA pAdapITha hai jisake ubhaya pakSa meM nikalI huI nAlayukta kamala para dAhinI ara yakSa evaM pArzva meM ambikA devI virAjamAna haiM / devI ke 2. jIvanta svAmI-yaha pratimA kucha kSatigrasta ho| jAne para bhI atyanta sundara hai| mastaka para mukuTa aura usake pIche caurasa TopI jaisA paridhAna hai jisa para gola vAtAyana alaMkRti yukta hai ! lalATa ke UparI bhAga meM mastaka ke keza mukuTa ke nIce dikhAI dete haiM aura skaMdha pradeza para vAloM kI kuNDalita laTeM tIna bhAgoM meM bikharI huI haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke addhoMnmilita netra, nAsAgra dRSTi 58]

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vayeM gor3e para bAlaka baiThA huA hai| isa alaMkRta Asana ke madhya ulaTe hue kamala kA gola Asana hai jisa para dharmacakra ke ubhaya pakSa meM baiThe sundara mRga prabhu ke mukhamaNDanta ko nihAra rahe haiN| pratimA ke AkAra aura rikta sthAna meM vidroM ko dekhane se pratIta hotA hai ki yaha avazya hI catuviMzati jina paTTaka rahA hogA jisakA teIsa pratimAoM se yukta parikara bichur3a kara alaga ho gayA hai / isa para nivRtta kula ke 'jinabhadra vAcanAcArya ke nAma kA abhilena hai| prastuta lekha kI lipi dekhate hue DA0 umAkAMta zAha ne ise suprasiddha zvetAmbara jaina vidvAna jinabhadra gaNi kSamAzramaNa kA aura san 550 ke lagabhaga kA batAyA hai / bhagavAna AdinAtha ko vArIka dhotI pahane hue dikhAyA hai jisa para sundara DijAina banA huA hai / AdinAtha kI pratimA savastra hote huye bhI nagnatva- puruSacinha spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai, yaha Azcaryajanaka hai / yaha pratimA bar3audA saMgrahAlaya meM hai / 6. ambikA devI- yaha pratimA chaThI zatAbdI ke utsa rArddha kI leTe hue siMha para lalitAsana meM virAjamAna ambikA devI kI hai| devI ke dAhine gor3e para bAlaka baiThA hai aura dAhinI ora bhI eka bAlaka khar3A hai / alaMkRta pITha para devo aura usake pAzrvavartI stambha kamala-puSpA kRti yukta hai aura usake bagala meM graha bane hue haiN| stambhoM meM alaMkRta paTToM ke sahAre devI virAjamAna hai aura UparI bhAga meM prabhAmaNDala kamala paMkhur3iyoM se yukta hai| cAroM ora bela-pattiyoM kA borDara hai / isake UparI bhAga meM dhyAnastha jina pratimA banI huI hai| devI ke vizAla lalAToM para mukuTa paryApta U~cA aura kirITa yukta hai| kAnoM meM kuNDala, gale meM ekAvalI hAra, candrakalA hAra va ghaMTikA-ghuMgharu hAra, maMgalamAlA pahanI huI hai| hAthoM meM bhujavanda suzobhita hai / isa pratimA ke pRSTha bhAga meM kSatigrasta abhilekha utkIrNita hai| devI kI sAr3I dhArIdAra hai| mukhAkRti tejasvitA - pUrNa hai| yaha pratimA bhI bar3audA saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita hai| 7. pArzvanAtha tritIrthI yaha kAMsya pratimA AkoTA se prApta akhaNDa sundara aura bar3audA saMgrahAlaya meM vidyamAna 68 pratimAoM meM se eka hai| isakI kalA zailI meM parikara nirmANa kA pariSkRta rUpa spaSTa dRSTigocara hotA hai / piNDavAr3A kI pratimA zailI se isakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| satapaNa maNDita pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kI bhavya pratimA ke ubhaya pakSa meM jo do kAusaggie dhyAnastha khar3e haiM ve phUladAra dhotI pahane hue hai| unake bagala meM nIce Asana para do cAmaradhAriNI avasthita haiN| tInoM jina pratimAoM ke mastaka para chatra suzobhita hai| UparI bhAga meM eka deva Dholaka liye baiThA hai aura prabhu ke chAtroM ke pIche vRkSa ke patte dikhAI dete haiM prabhu ke noce alaMkRta pavvAsana aura ulaTe kamalAsana ke nIce vastrAsana laTaka rahA hai| jisake nIce hariNa yugala yukta dharma cakra hai| siMhAsana ke nIce do siMha parilakSita hai| isake ubhayapakSa meM dAhinI aura yakSa va vAma pArzva meM amvikAdevI virAjamAna haiM / inake Age nau grahoM kI mUrtiyA~ spaSTa hai| madhyavartI dAhine kone meM caityavaMdana mudrA meM bhakta zrAvaka baiThA dikhalAyA hai| pratimA kalApUrNa va sundara hai / pa caturviMzati paTTa- yaha kAMsyamaya caubIsI bhI bar3audA saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita hai| madhyavartI RSabhadeva bhagavAna kAyotsarga mudrA meM sthita haiN| avaziSTa teIsa tIrthakara padmAsana mudrA meM virAjita haiN| RSabhadeva pratimA ke nIce kamalAsana aura tannimna bhAga meM dharmacakra, mRgayugala aura ubhaya pakSa meM nau graha bane hue haiN| bagala meM ubhaya pakSa se nirgata zAkhA kI bhA~ti kamala nAla para vAma pArzva meM ambikA devI virAjamAna haiN| 9. cAmaradhAriNI - yaha kAMsya mUrti atyanta sundara, "lacakadAra dehayaSTi yukta hai| isake kezavinyAsa aura tadupari baMdhI huI lar3iyAM va UparavartI jUr3e ke caturdika alaMkAra [ 59

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dhAraNa kiyA huA hai| isake gale meM hAra va puSTa payodharoM ke madhya laTakatI huI maMgalamAlA nAbhi se dAhinI ora sthita hai| hAthoM meM bhujabaMda pahane hue haiN| dAhine hAtha meM uttarIya vastra kA aMcala pakar3A huA hai aura sIdhA kiyA huA hai / dAhinA hAtha mor3a kara Upara kiyA huA hai jisameM daNDa dhAraNa kiyA huA lagatA hai| saMbhava hai ki yaha cAmara kI DAMDI ho / dRr3ha zrRMkhalAyukta kaMdorA aura tannimna bhAga meM kaTimekhalAkaTipaTTa paridhApita hai| yaha pazcima bhArata kI zreSTha kalAkRti hai aura bar3audA saMgrahAlaya meM sthita hai / AkoTA ke 68 pratimA samUha meM avaziSTa pratimAoM meM 30 abhilekha yukta hai jinameM se do saMvatollekha hai| inameM lagabhaga AdhI pratimAeM sAtavIM zatAbdI se pUrva kI hai| do kAMsya pratimAoM ke mastaka bar3e hI saumya aura kalApUrNa haiM. ye avazya hI guptakAlIna pratimAoM ke khaNDita bhAga haiN| vallabhI (valA) kI pratimAeM gujarAta kA vallabhI nagara jaina dharma kA mukhya kendra rahA hai. jahA~ Arya nAgArjuna kI adhyakSatA meM prathama vAcanA huI / Arya mallavAdI ne vi0 saM0 414 ke lagabhaga bauddhoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kiyA / vi0 [saM0 510 meM phira zrI devaddhiM gaNi kSamAzramaNa ke netRtva meM jaina zramaNoM kI pariSada kA dvitIya sammelana huA jisameM jainAgamoM ko pustakArUr3ha kiyA gyaa| isa samaya gujarAta meM jaina dharma sarvatra phaila cukA thaa| bhaNDArakara sAhaba ne vallabhI se pAMca khaGgAsana mudrA kI pratimAeM prApta kIM, jo isa samaya priMsa Apha velsa myUjiyama, bambaI meM haiN| inake khaNDita abhilekhoM se pramANita huA hai ki ye chaThI zatAbdI maiM nirmita huI thIM / ina pA~coM pratimAoM meM cAra pAdapITha para sthita haiM jisameM tIna kA UMcA aura eka pratimA kA pAdapITha nIcA hai aura eka pratimA kA pAdapITha sarvathA lupta ho gayA hai| ye sabhI pratimAeM guptakAla kI bhA~ti pralamba na hokara pazcima 60 ] bhArata kI tatkAlIna zailI ke anurUpa haiN| eka pratimA kA dAhinA hAtha khaNDita hai jo pAdapITha para maNimAlA ke gola ghere meM avasthita hai| eka pratimA ke ubhaya pakSa meM pAdapITha se lekara mukhamaNDala ke pIche bane prabhAmaNDala taka dhanujAkAra paTTikA banI huI hai| sabhI ke mastaka para ghuMgharAle vAla aura lambe kAna dRSTigocara hote haiN| sabhI pratimAe~ dhotI pahanI huI haiM aura gomUtrikA lahara kI cunnaTadAra lA~ga noce laTaka rahI hai| mar3I kI pratimAe~ : mahar3I gA~va, gujarAta meM khudAI se prApta pratimAe~ dhAtumaya ikatI haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM 1. jina pratimA ke siMhAsana meM do siMha aura madhya meM dharmacakra hai / ubhaya pakSa meM hariNa hai| prabhu ke pRSTha bhAga meM do stambha para toraNa va prabhAmaNDala hai / 2. jina pratimA ke pRSTha bhAga meM caukhaTa para prabhAmaNDala hai / nimna bhAga meM pavvAsana ke nIce saptagraha kI khar3I mUrtiyA~ donoM ora nikalI huIM haiN| zAkhA para yakSayakSiNI baiThI huI haiN| 3. RSabhadeva pratimA ke kandhe para kuntala rAzi aura pavvAsana ke nIce vastra va dAhinI ora yakSarAja ke atirikta kucha avazena nahIM hai| prabhu ke pRSTha bhAga meM kucha nahIM hai| 8. 4. pArzvanAtha pratimA UMce pAye ke siMhAsana para nau graha haiM, tadupari kuNDalI mAre sAMpa para prabhu pratimA ke ubhaya pakSa meM dharaNendra padmAvatI haiN| prabhu kI manojJa pratimA para sundara saptaphaNa suzobhita hai / piNDavAr3A kI pratimAe~ : piNDavAr3A, sirohI roDa kI pratimAe~ yahA~ ke maMdira meM virAjamAna haiN| 1. vajrAsana jina pratimA yaha sar3I pratimA kamalAsana para sthita hai| prabhu ko pahanAyA kaMdorA aura dhotI

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khUba spaSTa evaM kalApUrNa hai| isa para saM0774 kA pA~ca paMkti kA saMskRta abhilekha utkIrNita hai|| sArAbhAI kA saMgraha inake yahA~ eka pArzvanAtha pratimA hai jo ki sundara aura sapta phaNa maNDita hai| isameM bhI umayapakSa meM khar3I huI kAyotsarga mudrA kI pratimAeM haiM / nimna bhAga meM cAmara-dhAriNI va ubhaya pakSa meM yakSa-yakSiNI avasthita haiN| nIce navagraha bane hue haiM va isake dhanuSAkRti pAye ke madhya meM dharmacakra hai / pratimA ke pRSTha bhAga meM dazavI zatAbdI kA eka lekha utkIrNita hai jisameM candra kula mAr3ha gaccha ke goci zrAvaka ke dvArA mukti kI icchA se jinezvara tritIrthI banAne kA ullekha hai| 2. pArzvanAtha tritIrthI-yaha pratimA bhI atyanta sundara padmAsana sthita sapta-phaga maNDita hai| donoM ora ke kakSa meM sthita kAyotsarga mudrA kI khar3I pratimAeM bhI kalApUrNa uparyukta pratimAoM kI bhA~ti dhotI pahine hue haiM / bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke pavvAsana ke nIce kamala kI paMkhur3iyA~ aura vastra cinha hai / tannimna mAga meM dharmacakra va ubhaya pakSa meM mRga yugala hai| donoM ora siMhAsana ke nIce siMha utkIrNita hai| siMhAsana ke dAhinI ora yakSa hai jisakA vAhana gaja hai aura bAyeM hAtha meM phala dhAraNa kiyA huA hai| vAma pArzva meM siMhavAhinI ambikA devI dAhine hAtha meM Amalamba va bAyeM hAtha meM vAlaka dhAraNa kiye avasthitta haiN| yakSa-yakSiNI ke pRSTha bhAga meM ubhaya pakSa meM cAmara- dhAriNI striyA~ khar3I haiM aura nimna bhAga meM navagraha pratimAe~ banI huI haiN| yaha atyanta sundara kalAkRti bhI AThavIM zatAbdI kI hai| vAMkAnera kI pArzvanAtha pratimA : piNDavAr3A kI uparyukta pratimA se milatI-julatI pArzvanAtha pratimA saurASTra ke vAMkAnera meM hai| eka zailI hone para bhI zilpI bhinna hone se sAmAnya antara honA svAbhAvika hai| yaha pratimA bhI AThavIM-nauvIM zatAbdI kI hai aura nimna bhAga meM bane hue pAyoM para avasthita haiN| gaur3o pAzvanAtha, bambaI : 1. gaur3IjI ke mandira kI pArzvanAtha tritIrthI bhI sapta- . phaga maNDita hai aura usI zelI meM nirmita hai jo tIna zatAbdiyoM se calatI A rahI hai / isake navagraha kucha vizeSa spaSTa haiM aura sAmane cAroM pAye parilakSita haiM / pRSTha bhAga meM pratolI AkAra vAle pAye para saM0 1063 kA lekha utkIrNita haiM / piNDavAr3A kI pratimA zelI se kucha bhinnatA aura zilpa meM parivartana va rekhAoM ke utkIrNana meM kucha nyUnatA lagatI hai| 2. AdinAtha pratimA- yaha pratimA prabhAsa pATaNa se AI huI ikatIrthI hai| isameM ubhaya pakSa meM cAmaradhAriNI mUrtiyA~ khar3I haiM aura dAhinI ora yakSa va bA~yIM tarapha ambikA kI pratimA hai| bhagavAna ke pIche prabhAmaNDala, chatrAdi na hone se lagatA hai ki parikara bhAga naSTa ho gayA hai| isake pRSTha bhAga meM saM0 1090 kA lekha utkIrNita hai / prabhu ke mastaka para pRSTha bhAga meM gardana taka laTakato keza-rAzi anya pratimAoM se pRthakatA lA detI hai| ahamadAbAda kI pratimA : __ahamadAbAda ke vAghaNa pola sthita ajitanAtha jinAlaya kI dhAtumaya kAyotsarga mudrA kI vizAla jinapratimA piNDavAr3A zailI kI paramparAgata anukRti hai / yaha sarala parikara vAlI AkarSaka pratimA hai jisake ubhayapakSa meM giranAra tIrtha : vimalanAtha parikara--yaha parikara khUba vizAla Ara kalApUrNa hai| isake Upara kAusaggie aura parikara ke nimna bhAga meM saM0 1523 kA lekha bhI utkIrNita hai| yaha pahalI DhUMka ke caturviMga dehariyoM ke pAsa eka kamare meM rakhA huA hai / isameM SaNmukha yakSa aura vijayA zAsanadevI kI bhI sundara pratimA banI huI hai| mUla pratimA - bhagna ho jAne se yaha parikara upekSita par3A huA hai| [ 61

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cAmaradhArI avasthita haiM aura eka sAdhu va eka zrAvaka caitya vandana karate hue baiThe haiN| isa para saM0 1111 kA abhilekha bhI utkIrNita hai / nIce vAhana garur3a hai jo kamala puSpa para avasthita hai / ambikA devI kI anya dhAtu pratimA saM01506 kI pratiSThita hai| dillI kI pArzvanAtha pratimA : dIvavandara : piNDavAr3A zailI se prabhAvita eka atyaMta sundara kalApUrNa pratimA dillI ke cirAkhAne ke pArzvanAtha jinAlaya meM hai| isa pratimA ke pRSTha bhAga meM eka abhilekha bhI utkIrNita hai jisase isakA nirmANa-kAla AThavIM- navIM zatI pratIta hotA hai / isa pratimA kI sundara takSaNa zailI Aja kI-sI banI huI pratIta hotI hai / mahAvIra svAmI kI yaha pratimA vi0 saM0 1605 kI vanI huI hai aura mahAtIrtha sammetazikhara para kharataragacchAcAryoM dvArA pratiSThita hai / para isakI bhIzai logata vizeSatA hai| catuSkoNa samavasaraNa ke Asana para bha0 mahAvIra virAjita haiM aura unake cAroM koNoM meM siMha khar3e hue haiN| ina cAro koNoM meM cAra gaNadhara pratimAeM bhagavAna ko vaMdana karatI huI avasthita haiM jinake pRSTha bhAga meM vyakta, maNDita, mauryaputra aura akampita nAma khude hue haiM / prabhAsa pATana (gujarAta): yahA~ ke mandira meM lakSmI devI kI do dhAtu-pratimAe~ haiM jo parikara meM virAjita haiN| donoM pratimAoM ke ubhaya pakSa meM gajarAja abhiSeka karate hue dikhAye gae haiM / eka ke pAdapITha meM bhI hAthI kA vAhana dikhAyA gayA hai| eka pratimA padmAsana meM aura dUsarI dAhinA goDA nIcA kiye bhadrAsana para virAjita hai / pAzvayakSa kI pratimA bhI pAyapITha para virAjita hai jo donoM hAthoM ko goda meM rakhakara baiThe haiN| inake ubhaya pakSa meM nAga haiM / vIkAra kI jaina pratimAe~: yahA~ ke suvidhinAtha jinAlaya meM zrI AdinAtha bhagavAna kI kAyotsarga mudrA kI pratimA hai jo kisI vizAla parikara ke vAjU kI pratIta hotI hai / isake nimna bhAga meM dAhinI ora zAsana devI zrI cakrezvarI aura vAma pArzva meM ambikA kI khar3I mUtti hai jo dAhine hAtha meM Amralumba aura vAma hAtha meM bAlaka ko liye hue haiN| amvikA kI pratimA pUrva kAla meM neminAtha bhagavAna kI adhiSThAtrI hone para bhI jina-mandiroM meM tIrthaMkaroM ke parikaroM meM pAyI jAtI hai| khar3I pratimAeM yadyapi alpa hI milatI hai phira bhI baMgAla ke zilpa meM dekhI jAtI hai| cakrezvarI kI pratimA do hAthoM meM cakra evaM tIsare meM mAlA aura cauthe meM zaMkha dhAraNa kI huI hai| bIkAnera se 70 mIla dUrI para amarasara ke TIloM meM saM0 2013 meM solaha pratimAeM nikalI thIM jinameM do pASANamaya va caudaha dhAtumaya thiiN| ve abhI gaMgA golDana jubilI myUjiyama meM pradarzita haiN| inakA paricaya isa prakAra hai 1. pAzvanAtha tritIrthI-yaha saptaphagamaNDita tritIrthI parikara yukta pratimA saM0 1104 kI pratiSThita hai| bhagavAna ke pRSTha bhAga se Aye hue sA~pa kA zarIra caukar3I yukta hai aura phaNAvalI ke pIche bhI pratihAryAkRti aura sira para chatra hai / ubhaya pakSa meM lamba golAkRti cakra ke madhya chatra ke nIce kAyotsarga mudrA meM pratimAeM haiM jinakI dhotI ke cihna spaSTa haiN.| chatra ke UparI bhAga meM patte dikhAI dete haiM / nimna bhAga meM yakSayakSiNI evaM ubhaya pakSa meM cAmaradhArI haiM jinake pRSTha bhAga meM patte kI bhA~ti tIkhe AkAra ke AdhAra haiM: prabhu ke Asana ke nIce siMha aura dono tarapha pAye haiN| madhya bhAga meM guptottarakAlIna vastra laTakatA dikhAyA hai aura nIce nau graha bane hue haiM ! 62]

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2. tritIrthI pratimA- yaha saM0 1127 kI pratiSThita aura upakeza gaccha ke zrAvaka Amradeva kArita hai / bhagavAna ke pRSTha bhAga meM alaMkRta prabhAmaNDala, sira para chatra aura UparI bhAga meM kinnara haiN| ubhaya pakSa kI khaGgAsana pratimAe~ dhotI pahanI huI haiM aura unake pAsa cAradhArI khar3e haiN| kAusaggiyoM ke nIce yakSa-yakSiNI evaM tannimna bhAga meM nau graha haiN| siMhAsana ke pAyoM ke pAsa siMha aura vIca ke vastra cihna ke Age dharmacakra hai / 3. caturviMzati paTTachatra ke nIce virAjita mUlanAyaka pratimA ke ubhaya pakSa meM khar3e dhotI pahane kAusagiyoM ke Upara padmAsana mudrA meM jinezvara aura nIce kI ora yakSa-yakSiNI haiN| pAyedAra siMhAsana ke madhya laTakate vastra ke donoM ora siMha aura siMhAsana ke pAye haiN| nimna bhAga meM nau graha kI paMkti hai| parikara ke donoM aura toraNa ke stambha meM cAra-cAra jina pratimAe~ aura Upara ke vakSa meM toraNa para donoM ora eka pacAsana aura do-do khannAsana mudrA kI pratimAeM hai| pratimA ke umaya pakSa meM alaMkRta stambha aura makara mukha pratIta hote haiM / saM0 1136 meM jallikA zrAvikA dvArA nirmArpita hai| 4. pArzvanAtha paMcatIrthI - yaha pratimA saM0 1160 meM karcapUrIya gaccha ke manorathAcArya dvArA pratiSThita hai / saptaphaNa maNDita parzvanAtha ke vagala meM khar3e dhotI pahane khaGgAsana pratimAoM ke Upara padmAsana pratimAe~ haiM / siMhAsana ke cAroM pAyoM ke bIca donoM siMha baiThe haiM aura ubhaya pakSa meM cAmaradhArI khar3e haiN| 5. AdinAtha paMcatIrthI yaha pratimA saM0 saM0 1063 meM pratiSThita aura kalApUrNa hai| bhagavAna kI pratimAoM ke ubhaya pakSa meM khaGgAsana pratimAeM dhotIyukta haiM aura pRSTha bhAga meM alaMkRta bhAmaNDala hai / pRSTha bhAga ke toraNa stambha para do padmAsana pratimAe~ aura bagala meM liha aura makara mukha haiN| siMhAsana ke madhya bhAga meM vastra laTaka rahA hai. dharmacakra bhI hai| dono ora siMha aura do pAye haiN| siMhAsana ke donoM ora rAkSa-yakSiNI evaM nIce caityavaMdana karate bhakta yugala ke madhya meM nau graha sthApita haiN| 6. devI pratimAha azvArUDa devI kI pratimA saM0 1112 meM chAhar3a dvArA nirmApita hai| devI cAroM hAthoM meM Ayudha dhAraNa kiye hai| ghor3A caukI para khar3A hai / 7 saptakA pArzvanAtha pratimA sataphaga yukta pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kI kisI zrAvikA dvArA nirmArpita hai aura kamalAsana para virAjamAna hai| toraNa stambha ke sahAre pRSTha bhAga meM dharma cakra aura UMce zikhara kI bhA~ti kalaza hai / pArzvanAtha jana AkAra ke kamalAsana para virAjita bhagavAna kI saptaphama maMDita pratimA hai| ubhaya pakSa meM triSTha staMbha aura pRSTha bhAga se sAMpa Akara goDoM ke pAsa se Upara gayA hai| donoM ora ke sauMpa kuNDalI kRta na hokara pRthaka pratIta hote haiM / 9. AdinAtha paMcatIrthI sihAsana ke ubhaya pakSa meM yakSa-yakSiNI, donoM aura cAmaradhArI ke madhya meM do kAusaggiyA aura Upara padmAsanastha pratimAe~ haiM / madhyavartI AdinAtha bhagavAna ke mastaka para chatra, pRSTha bhAga meM prabhAmaNDala aura ubhaya pakSa meM kinnara hai| 10. pArzvanAtha tritIrthI spaSTa takSaNa kalA vAlI isa pratimA ke pRSTha bhAga meM U~cI sapta phaNAvalI aura ubhaya pakSa meM dhotI pahane huye khaGgAsana pratimAe~ haiM / bhagavAna ke nIce pavvAsana aura tannimra bhAgavartI kamala kI paMkhur3iyoM ke nIce vastra laTakatA huA ubharA pakSa sthita siMhoM ke madhya dikhAyA hai| dAhinI ora yakSa va vAma pArzva meM ambikA devI virAjita haiN| madhyavartI dharmacakra ke Age kamala para yakSa baiThA hai / [ 53

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11. pArzvanAtha tritIrthI-yaha pratimA bhI saptaphaNa maNDita hai aura siMhoM ke Upara laTakate vastra vAle pavvAsana para virAjamAna hai / ubhaya pakSa meM dhotI pahanI pratimAe~ aura Upara chatra lagA huA hai / nimna mAga meM dAhinI ora yakSa va vAma pArzva meM ambikA devI alaMkRta ToDI para kamalAsanastha hai / yaha pratimA durgarAja kRta snAtra pratimA ho sakatI hai| 12. pArzvanAtha tritIrthI-yaha pratimA sapta phaNopari paTTikA aura kalaza yukta hai| siMhAsana ke vastra. ubhaya kAusaggiyoM ke pAsa stambha va nimna bhAga meM nau graha haiM / snAtra pratimA hai| isake pRSTha bhAga meM likhe kuTala lipi ke lekha se yaha spaSTa hai| isake ubhaya pakSa meM avasthita kAusagga mudrA vAlI pratimAe~ dhotI pahanI huI haiM ora ve pavvAsana ke nIce se nikale huye kamalAsana para khar3I haiN| ubhaya pakSa meM eka aura sA~pa . para padmAvatI aura dUsarI ora gajArUr3ha devI haiN| siMhAsana ke madhya meM bhI eka vyakti virAjita hai| nimna bhAga meM nau graha aura unake ubhaya pakSa meM siMhAsana ke pAyoM meM se nikale huye kamalAsana para dAhinI ora gajArUr3ha yakSa aura vAma pArzva meM siMhavAhinI ambikA hai jisakI goda meM bAlaka parilakSita hai| kAusaggiyoM ke Asana se phira pratizAkhA nikalakara donoM aura apane donoM hAthoM meM vastra dhAraNa kiye puruSa baiThe haiN| pratimA ke sapta phaNa kA arddhabhAga khaNDita ho jAne se dUsare pItala ke sapta phaNa banA kara jor3a diye gaye haiN| netra cA~dI kI mInAkArI yA ratnajaTita rahe hoMge jinheM nikAla DAlA gayA hai ataH gar3he mAtra raha gaye haiN| nIce vAle pAyoM para bhI siMha khar3e haiM aura madhya bhAga meM eka vyakti kI mUrti hai| 13. samavasaraNa pratimA-yaha caumukha zikharavaddha pratimA bhI devAlaya jaisI lagatI hai. sabhI pratimAeM rAjasthAnI zilpa kalA se anuprANita hai| - ina pratimAoM ke sAtha eka atyanta sundara kalApUrNa strI mUrti prApta huI hai jo tristarIya kamalAsana para apanI lacIlI dehayaSTi ko kiJcit dAhinI ora kiye khaDI hai| yaha pairoM meM nupura, hAtha meM donoM ora baMgaDiyoM ke bIca cUr3iyA~ pahanI huI haiN| sAr3I kI dhAriyA~ bahuta hI sundara haiM aura uttarIya ko bhujabanda ke pAsa se kalAtmaka DhaMga se mor3akara nIce gor3oM taka laharAtA dikhAyA hai| trivalIdAra gale ke nIce hAra aura tilar3I nAbhi ke Upara taka pahanI huI hai| mudrA kI bhA~ti bar3e karNaphUla suzobhita haiN| yaha pratimA prAcIna rAjasthAnI kalA kA pratinidhitva karane vAlI bhAva-bhaMgimA yukta adbhuta evaM sundara hai| zaMkaradAna nAhaTA kalA bhavana : hamAre isa kalA bhavana meM jaina-jainetara aneka dhAtumaya pratimAoM kA saMgraha hai jinameM do jina pratimAeM prAcIna aura kalApUrNa haiN| 1. pArzvanAtha tritIrthI-yaha saparikara pratimA saM0 1021 kI klipatya kUpa caitya kI goSThI dvArA nirmApita 2. saparikara ikatIrthI-jinezvara bhagavAna ke Upara chatra va pRSTha bhAga meM prabhAmaNDala phUla kI paMkhur3iyoM vAlA hai jinake Age paTTikA ke sahAre bhagavAna virAjita haiN| ubhaya pakSa meM cAmaradhArI va Upara vastra liye kinnara va nIce donoM ora yakSa va ambikA haiN| pavvAAsana va pratimA ke hAtha jarjarita hokara lupta ho gaye haiN| isa para "saMvat 1130 jyeSTha su0 10 sAMta sa pra0 bAritA" abhilekha hai| zrI motIcaMda khajAnacI saMgraha : inake saMgraha meM do cauvIsiyA~ haiM jinameM se eka saM0 1231 kI hai jisake parikara ke UparI bhAga meM 21 pratimAe~ semIsarkala meM haiN| mUlanAyaka bhagavAna ke donoM ora kAyotsarga mudrAvasthita jina haiN| mUlanAyaka bhagavAna ke netroM meM rajata pUrita hai| parikara ke donoM ora ambikA va yakSa hai| siMhAsana para siMha yugala va madhya meM koI 64 ]

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deva hai| parikara ke nimna kone meM do vyakti khar3e haiM jina para grAsa banA huA hai| dUsarI pratimA saM01179 kA caturvizati paTuka hai jo sundara kalApUrNa va bhinna alaMkArika zailI kA hai| inake saMgraha meM eka candavA saM0 1517 kA hai jisa para jarI kA kAma hai| zrI cintAmaNijI kA mandira : bIkAnera ke sarvaprAcIna zrI cintAmaNi jI (cauvIsaTA) ke mandira meM dhAtu pratimAoM kA vizAla saMgraha hai| eka hI maMdira meM itanI pratimAeM sAre bhArata meM nahIM nahIM hai| yahA~ isa samaya 1116 pratimAeM haiM jinameM 1050 pratimAeM saM0 1633 meM turasamakhAna dvArA sIrohI kI lUTa meM phatahapura sIkarI lAI gaI thI / pA~ca chaH varSa pazcAt saM0 1639 A0 su0 11 ko rAjA rAyasiMha aura maMtrI karmacandra bacchAvata unheM akavara se prApta kara vIkAnera laaye| vAsupUjya svAmI kI mUlanAyaka pratimA ke sAtha kaI varSa pUjI jAkara adhikAMza pratimAeM cintAmaNijI ke bhUmigRha meM rakha dI gaI thiiN| saM0 1987, 1995. 2000, 2018 meM bAhara nikAlI gaI thIM / hamane sarvaprathama inake abhilekha saMgrahita kara apane "dIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha' meM prakAzita kiye the parantu tatra sthita pratimAoM kA kalAtmaka adhyayana nahIM ho sakA thaa| thor3I-sI kalApUrNa pratimA samUha kA citra uparyukta graMtha meM diyA gayA thaa| saM0 2033 ke jUna mahIne meM jaba unheM punaH nikAlA gayA to rAjasthAna sarakAra dvArA zrI prakAzacandra bhArgava ko sUcI nirmANa hetu niyukta kiyA gayA / unhoMne adhyayanapUrvaka jo lekha likhA. jaina yati gurukula smArikA se yahA~ sAbhAra uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai| 1. 8vIM kI1. 9vIM kI2.9-10vIM kI 2. 10vIM kI 6.11vIM ko 9.12vIM kI 33. 13vIM kI 111, 14vIM kI 358.15vIM kI 533, 16vIM kI 24, 17vIM kI 1. 18vI kI 6. 18-19 vIM ko 4. 19vIM kI 2 pratimAeM haiM / inameM se kucha pramukha pratimAoM kA varNana yahA~ prastata kiyA jA rahA hai| 1. AdinAtha pratimA ( pratimA saMkhyA 1) yaha 21 se0 ma0433 se0 mI0 mApa kI AdinAtha pratimA padmAsana dhyAna meM vikasita pUrNadala kamala para sajja yukta vastrAlaMkRta ucca siMhAsana para virAjamAna hai| vastra meM gola-gola ghere ke andara va mala puSpa kA aMkana hai / siMhAsana meM ucca pIThikA ke Upara madhya meM do mRgoM ke dharmacakra kA aMkana eka vikasti kamala ke Upara diyA gayA hai| pIThikA para tIrthaMkara ke lAMghana kA abhAva dhyAna dene yogya hai| zrI AdinAtha ke kandhe para unake bAla bikhare hue . haiM / unnata lalATa, laMbI nAsikA va caur3e nathune yukta gaMla bharA ceharA hai jisase saumyatA jhalakatI hai| A~kheM bar3I-bar3I haiN| oTha patale haiM para nIce kA oTha moTA hai| zarIra meM bhArIpana hai / pIThikA ke agrabhAga kA dAhinA paira TUTA huA hai| isa pratimA ke donoM tarapha yakSa aura yakSiNI kI pratimA rahI hogI kyoMki unake sthita karane ke lie surAkha bane haiN| pratimA ke pIche eka lAina kA choTA-sA lekha hai| isakA adhyayana kiyA jA rahA hai / kalA zilpa ke AdhAra para yaha vasantagar3ha se prApta RSabhanAtha jI kI pratimA se kAphI sAmya rakhatI hai aura 7vIM zatI kI jAna par3atI hai| maine isake lekha ko "OM santi gaNi" par3hA thA aura bIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha meM prakAzita kiyA thA / 2. tIrthakara pratimA (pratimA saMkhyA 2) yaha 20 seM0 mI047 seM0 mI0 kI khar3I huI kisI pIThikA para avasthita thI / yadyapi ava pIThikA nahIM rahI. isa samaya bhaNDArastha pratimAoM kI saMkhyA 1116 hai jinameM do pASANa ko evaM 8 dhAtuyaMtra haiN| kAlakramAnusAra dekhA jAya to 7vIM zatI kI 3. 7-8vIM kI [65

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huka lagA huA hai / adhovastra ke cinha spaSTataH lakSita haiN| ceharA gola bharA huA hai / kalA kI dRSTi se yaha 7vIM zatI kI jAna par3atI hai / 3. caturmukha samavasaraga (pratimA saMkhyA 4) / yaha 21 seM0 mI0 419 seM0 mI0 kI caukora caumukhI pratimA hai jisakI pratyeka dizA meM do stambhoM ke madhya eka dhyAnastha tIrthaMkara pratimA yukta thii| aba kevala tIna dizA meM eka-eka pratimA hai. eka ora kI pratimA nahIM hai| ye pratimAe~ asthira haiN| pUrva meM zikhara para dhvaja thA / tIrthakara pratimAoM kI pIThikA para kubera evaM ambikA avasthita hai| Upara eka kone para eka hAthI kA var3A hI manorama aMkana huA hai| kalA kI dRSTi se yaha pratimA 11vIM zataH kI jAna par3atI hai| 4. zrI pArzvanAtha tritIrthI ( pratimA saMkhyA 17 ) yaha 24 seM0 mI0419 seM0 mI0 kI hai| pArvanAtha tIrthaMkara eka siMhAsana para dhyAnamudrA meM baiThe hue haiN| unake pIche paMcamukhI sarpaphaga phalAe baiThA hai jisane tIrthakara ke Upara chatra kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hai| donoM ora vAjU meM do anya tIrthakara kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3e haiM / parikara para vidyAdharoM kA aMkana hai / pIThikA para kuvera evaM ambikA kA aMkana huA hai| pIThikA para aSTa-grahoM kA bhI aMkana huA hai / eka vAjU meM cakra - zvarI kA aMkana hai java ki dUsarI ora koI anya devI kA aMkana thA jo ava khaMDita hai| yaha pratimA 7vIM-dIM zatAbdI kI pratIta hotI hai / 5. sarasvatI devI ( pratimA saMkhyA 61 ) yaha 13.7 seM0 mI046.4 seM0 mI0 kI dvibAhu pratinA samabhaMga avasthA meM khar3I huI apane dAhine hAtha meM sanAla kamala liye hue hai| mastaka para vAla saMvAra kara eka choTA jUr3A banA huA hai. isake Age eka choTA mukuTa pahana rakhA hai| pIche kA prabhAmaNDala khaMDita hai| prabhAmaMDala ke nIce prApya bhAga se patA lagatA hai ki prabhAmaMDala do kagAra vAlA thA kintu alaMkaraNa-vihIna thaa| sarasvatI pratimA kA caur3A lalATa, sIdhI lambI nAsikA. choTemoTe hoMTha; lambI A~kheM aura gola bharA huA ceharA basantagar3ha kI sarasvatI pratimA kI bhA~ti hai / sthAnIya bhaktajanoM ne pratimA ke netroM meM cA~dI bharakara pratimA ko kurUpa kara diyA hai| devI ke kAnoM meM gola-gola kuNDala haiM jo kaMdhoM ko chU rahe haiM / gale meM maNiyukta ekAvalI evaM urahasUtra dhAraNa kiye haiM jo unnata payodharoM ke madhya se hotA huA vA~yI ora gayA hai| nIce kA vastra basaMtagar3ha kI sarasvatI pratimA kI bhA~ti dhAraNa kiyA hai jisameM donoM pairoM ke madhya eka laharadAra vastra hai / uttarIya donoM kaMdhoM para se hotA huA er3I taka do zikhAoM meM calA gayA hai| pratanA ke dAhinI ora kA uttarIya khaMDita hai| kintu isakA khaMDita bhAga kaMdhe evaM er3I ke pAsa dRSTigocara hotA hai| devI ke hAthoM meM bhujabanda evaM kaMgana tathA pairoM meM pAyala hai| isa dhAtu sarasvatI pratimA kA vasantagar3ha kI dhAtu sarasvatI pratitA se kAphI sAmya hai aura dhotI vasantagar3ha tIrthaMkaroM kI bhA~ti hai| kalA evaM mUrti vikAsa dRSTi se yaha pratimA pvIM zatI kI hai aura pazcimI bhAratIya kalA ke prathama caraNa ko hai| 6. jana ta.thaMkara (pratimA saMkhyA 94) cintAmaNi jI ke mandira ke sabhAmaNDapa meM 47414 seM0 mI0 kI khar3I pratimA cirakAla se thI jo ava surakSita sthAna meM hai| isake 10 seM0 mI0 kI navyapIThikA lagA dI hai| yaha pratimA uttarI rAjasthAna kI pratimAoM meM kAphI mahattvapUrNa hai kyoMki yaha basaMtagar3ha piNDavAr3A se prApta do khar3I pratimAoM se kAphI sAmya rakhatI hai| yaha pratimA saMbhavataH turasamakhAna dvArA sirohI se lUTa ke lAI huI hogii| pratimA para lAMchana na hone se yaha pratimA kisa tIrthakara kI hai. nizcayapUrvaka kahanA kaThina hai|

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isa pratimA kI kAyotsarga mudrA aura dhotI pahanane kA DhaMga, basaMtagar3ha piNDavAr3A se bilkula sAmya rakhatA hai| unnata lalATa, lambI nAsikA, caur3e nathane aura gola bharA huA ceharA hai / A~kheM lambI evaM dar3I haiM / dhuMgharAle vAla evaM uSNaHza yukta yaha pratimA kAphI sundara hai phira bhI guptakAlIna pratimA jaisA oja nahIM hai / isa pratimA ke hAtha lamve haiM jinheM AjAnubAhu kahA jAtA hai jo mahApuruSoM ke lakSaNa meM AtA hai| tIrthakara ke karNa bhI lamve darzAe gae haiM, jo ki mahApuruSoM ke cihna haiM / oTha choTe haiN| sthAnIya bhaktoM ne nakalI netra va nIce lauha pIThikA bhI lagA dI hai| isI mandira ke parakoTe meM sthita zAMtinAtha jinAlaya ke mUlanAyaka pArzvanAtha kI dhAtu pratimA saM0 1549 meM zrI jinasamudrasUri jI dvArA pratiSThita hai| saM0 1580 meM hemavimala sUri pratiSThita dhAtumaya yaMtrapaTa meM zazrRMjaya AvU. giranAra. navapada, samavasaraNa, caubIsI, I.sa viharamAnAdi utkINita haiN| zrI mahAvIra svAmI kA mandira ( vedoM kA): vasantagar3ha se prApta pratimA zilpI zivanAga ke saM0 744 (687 IsvI) ke lekha se patA lagatA hai ki usane do pratimAeM banAI thiiN| DA0 umAkAnta premacaMda zAha ne vahIM se prApta donoM pratimAoM ko zivanAga racita mAnA hai| isa pratimA ko bhI samakAlIna mAnanA ucita hogA kyoMki isakA zilpa ekadama usI prakAra kA hai| isa mandira meM bhI sakar3oM dhAtu pratimAeM bhaNDAra meM haiM jisake pUre lekhoM ke saMgraha va adhyayana kI mahatI avazyakatA hai| saM01534 kI sImaMdhara pratimA, saM0 1531 kA kali kuNDa yaMtra, sarvatobhadra yaMtra, duritArivijaya yaMtra, SoDazakaraNa yaMtra ( saM 1963 di0 ratnakIrti upadeza se) hrIMkAra yaMtra ( saM01569 rUdrapallIya gaccha pra0), aSTAMga samyagdarzana yaMtra Adi kitane hI dhAtumaya kalAtmaka upAdAnoM ke sAtha saM0 1527 meM bha0 bhuvanakIrti pratiSThita vizAla pratimA saM0 1727 udayapura meM zrI sumatisAgara sUri . ke upadeza se banA siMhAsana bhI yahA~ hai jise sUtradhAra gaNeza aura kaMsArAmAna jI ke putra paratApa ne banAyA hai / ambikA, devI kI taM na pratimAeM saM0 1351. 1355. 1381 aura 1469 kI pratiSThita hai / cA~dI kI cakra davarI devI va navapada yaMtrAdi dhAtu kI aneka vastueM haiN| cintAmaNi jI ke mandira ke mUlanAyaka zrI AdinAtha catuvizati paTTaka bhI dAdA zrI jinakuzalasUri jI dvArA pratiSThita aura maNDovara ke mUlanAyaka rUpa meM thI jise vacchAvatoM ke AdipuruSa botharA baccharAja jodhapura se sAtha lAye the / mandira kI pratiSThA kA abhilekha sahI hai kyoMki kAmarAM dvArA bIkAnera para adhikAra kara parikara bhagna kara dene aura saM0 1512 meM usakA jIrNoddhAra kA ullekha mUlanAyaka ke parikara ke abhilekha meM hone se vIkAjI ke rAjyakAla meM pratiSThita honA nirvivAda hai| kevala vIka jI ko rAjA kI padavI nahIM thii| vaha rAjA kI padavI rAyasiMha ko mugalasamrATa ne dI isase mandira kI prAcInatA ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| apane rAjya meM mahArAjA rAjA upAdhi hara koI likhate the isa viSaya meM graMthoM kI prazasti Adi se bhI pramANita kiyA jA sakatA hai| astu / zrI ajitanAtha jinAlaya : yahA~ saM01523 meM mantrIdalIya zra.vaka dvArA nirmApita aura jinaharSa sUri dvArA pratiSThita gautama svAmI pratimA va kurujAMgala deza ke sapAdoM nagara meM saM0 1688 meM nirmita paMTha para UMcI caukI para guru mahArAja donoM pAMva nIce kiyedaiThe haiN| isake abhilekha meM digambara sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke nAma va nirmAtA kA nAma bhI hai zrI candraprabha jinAlaya : yahA~ anya dhAtu pratimAoM ke sAtha aSTadala kamalAkRti pratimA sIrohI meM nirmita sva0 zrI jinacandra [ 67

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sUri jI dvArA pratiSThita hai| cA~dI kI pratimAoM meM eka saM0 1764 kI sonopAharU dvArA nirmita va dUsarI saM0 1559 kI hai| zrI supArzvanAtha maMdira : samrATa samprati aura candragupta dvArA nirmApita prAcInatam lekha yukta pratimAeM thiiN| usa jamAne meM prAcIna lipi kA abhyAsa na hone para bhI vidvAna jainAcArya zrI jinarAjasUrijo ne ambikA devI kI sahAyatA se par3hI thii| una pratimAoM meM eka arjunahema (pleTinama) kI bhI. pAzrvanAtha pratimA kI Azcaryajanaka upalabdhi huI thii| kavivara samayasundara jI ne apane stavana meM isakA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| usake sAtha kucha anya pratimAe~,dhUpadAna kaMsAta jor3I Adi upakaraNa bhI nikale the / aba, ve pratinAe~ kahA~ haiM aura kava chipA dI gaI, patA nahIM / parantu ava bhI gAMgANI ke maMdira meM saM0937 ke abhilekha vAlI RSabhadeva bhagavAna kI atyanta sundara kalApUrNa pratimA virAjita hai jisakA parikara kahIM bhaNDAra meM ho saMkatA hai| yahA~ saM01794 ke caumukhajI. saM01516 kI rajatapaya saparikara neminAtha pratimA va saM 1581 kA kalikuMDa yaMtrAdi hai| zrI mahAvIra jinAlaya ( AsAniyoM kA cauka ) : yahA~ saM01390 meM jJAnacaMdra sari pratiSThita mallinAtha bhagavAna kA dhAtumaya siMhAsana hai / zrI gaur3I pArva jinAlaya : yahA~ saM0 1278 meM pratiSThita rUdharikA devI kI pratimA hai| cUru DivIjana ke tArAnagara ke prAcIna jinAlaya meM saM0 1058 kI pratiSThita zItalanAtha bhagavAna kI dhAtu pratimA atyanta sundara va kalApUrNa hai| sujAnagar3ha ke mandira meM cAMdI ko thAlI meM ghaNTAkarNa pratiSThita haiM / dezanoka ke bhUroM ke vAsa kI dhAtumaya mUlanAyaka pratimA zAntinAtha svAmI bIkAnera meM hI nirmApita hai| jaisalamera meM hajAroM jina pratimAeM jinameM dhAtunirmita bhI saMkhyAbaddha va kalApUrNa haiM | zAntinAtha mandira kI mUlanAyaka pratimA saM0 1536 kI pratiSThita hai / gajArUr3ha zrAvaka pratimA sA0 khetA ke putra kI hai jo saM0 1590 kI nirmApita hai| candraprabha jinAlaya meM eka pratimA saM0 1086 kI hai jisameM nAgendra siddhasena divAkarAcArya ke gaccha kA lekha hai / laudravAjI meM saM0 1673 kA mAyA vIja yaMtra va dhAtumaya vizAla kalpavRkSa prAcInatA va kalA kI dRSTi se adbhuta vastu hai / jodhapura ke sannikaTa gAMgANI tIrtha hai jahA~ saM0 1662 meM eka talaghara se lagabhaga 60 pratimAeM nikalI thI jisameM jodhapura ke mandira meM bhI kaI sundara kalApUrga vividha prakAra kI pratimAeM haiN| sAcora, bhInalAla, jAlora Adi prAcIna sthAna kalApUrgaprAcIna mUrtiyoM ke liye paryApta prasiddha the| nAgaura ke bar3e mandira meM dhAtu pratimAeM paryApta prAcIna aura kalApUrNa bhI haiN| eka mandira ke sabhA-maNDapa meM kalApUrNa samavasaraNa meru parvata dekhA thA jo lagabhaga 35-40 iMca U~cA hogA | nAgaura jaise prAcIna nagara meM digambara va zvetAmbara mandiroM meM kalAtmaka upAdAnoM ke viSaya meM anveSaNa apekSita hai| muslima kAla se pUrva nAgaura ke jinAlayoM kI jo saMkhyA va sthiti thI. prAcIna stavanAdi se vidita hotA hai ki dhAtumaya toraNa va parikara yukta vizAla pratimAoM kI avasthiti thii| rAjasthAna va gujarAta ke pratyeka nagara meM prApta dhAtu pratimAoM meM kucha na kucha kalA vaiziSTya milatA hai| kezariyAjI tIrtha meM cauvIsI vidhA kI eka dhAtumaya pratimA meM atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna caubIsiyoM ke bahattara jinaviva avasthita haiN| 68]

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sirohI ke kalApUrNa mandira vikhyAta haiM jahA~ AsapAsa ke aneka gA~voM meM sahasrAbda ke pUrva ke mandira vidyamAna haiN| basantagar3ha kI durlabha pratimAeM bhI piNDavAr3A ke jaina mandira meM hone kA ullekha Age kiyA jA cukA hai / sirohI ke sabhI mandiroM meM kalApUrNa prAcIna pratimAeM haiM / zrI ajitanAtha jinAlaya meM 172 dhAtumaya jina pratimAe haiM tathA usake Age vAma pArzva meM purAtatva mandira hai jisameM dasavIM zatI se lekara solahavIM zatI taka kI 540 pratimAeM surakSita haiN| AdinAtha jinAlaya ke antargata sumatinAtha jI ke gaMbhAre ke bhUmigRha meM 1000 dhAtu pratimAeM 12vIM se 14vIM zatI taka kI haiN| isa mandira meM 293 sarva dhAtu kI va 5 rajatamaya pratimAeM haiN| zAntinAtha mandira meM 33 dhAtu pratimAeM haiN| anya sabhI mandiroM meM aneka dhAtu pratimAeM haiN| AvU acalagar3ha to apanI zilpa samRddhi ke liye vizva vikhyAta hai| vimala pravandha se jJAta hotA hai ki vimalavasahI meM mUla nAyaka kI pratimA pittalamaya thii| yataH / / vastu / / "vimalavasahI vimalavasahI vimala prAsAda pittalamai aDhAra bhAranI AdinAtha pratimA prasiddhI saMvat 1088 vara pratiSTha zubha lagni kiidhii|" acalagar3ha meM vizAla jina pratimAeM 1444 mana taula kI hai jinameM svarNa kA bhAga bhI acche parimANa meM haiN| AbU kI bhImAvasahI jise pittalahara kahate haiM, meM sundara aura kalApUrNa vizAla mUlanAyaka pratimA virAjita haiN| jaina dhAtu pratimAeM aneka vidhAoM kI pa.yI jAtI haiM evaM anya upAdAna bhI aneka prakAra ke upalabdha haiM jina para saMkSipta prakAza DAlA jAtA hai| nera, sIrohI Adi meM pratiSThita aisI pratimAoM ke madhya sthita karNikA para yaha jina pratimA aura usake Asana ke nimna bhAga se bhinna-bhinna aSTadala paMkhur3iyA~ pirokara saMlagna kiye rahate haiM jinameM ATha bhagavAna kI ATha pratimAeM banI rahatI haiM / unheM vanda karane para banda kamala aura khola dene para vikasita kamalAkAra meM madhya vedI sahita nau pratimAoM ke eka sAtha darzana ho jAte haiM / dillI ke naugharA mandira meM isa vidhA kA eka aura vikasita rUpa dekhA gayA hai jisameM Dabala stara meM atyanta sundara DhaMga se jina bimba-navapadAdi bane huye haiM / bIkAnera meM akavara-prativodhaka zrI jinacandrasUri pratiSThita kaI pratimAe~ haiM para zrI jayacandrajI ke bhaNDAra meM saM01895 meM mahArAjA raNajItasiMha ke rAjyakAla meM piNDI meM. pratiSThita eka aisI pratimA hai / hamAre zaMkaradAna nAhaTA kalAbhavana meM eka svarNamaya kamala hai jisake vIca meM hAthI dA~ta kI jina pratimA hai| dabAne para kamala vikasita ho jAtA hai| siddha pratimA : arhanta bhagavAna to sazarIrI hote haiM para siddha bhagavAna to arUpI Atma-pradeza mAtra haiN| unakA rUpa citraNa kaise ho? isa samasyA kA samAdhAna digambara paramparA meM nikAlA gayA aura pItala-rajata Adi dhAtu ke pAta ko khaGgAsana kATakara madhya meM kevala avagAhanA tribhAga ghanIbhUta Atmapradeza kA pratIka AkAza pradeza khAlI rakha diyA gayA / yaha siddhamUrti ke darzana kI vidhA kevala digambara jinAlayoM meM hI dRSTigocara hotI hai| zvetAmbara samAja ne isa ora dhyAna hI nahIM diyA / gaNadhara pratimA kalakattA mandira meM 16 vIM zatI kI do dhAtumaya gautama svAmI jI kI pratimAeM haiN| gata zatAbdI meM puNDarIka svAmI kI pratimA banavA kara pratiSThita karavAyI thii| usI samaya dAdAsAhaba ke caraNa bhI kamalAsana aSTadala-kamala: lagabhaga cAra sau varSa se aSTadala kamala yukta pratimA nirmANa ke udAharaNa bIkAnera Adi meM dekhe gaye haiN| bIkA [ 69

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para banavAkara rAjaladesara mandira meM bheje gae the| indra pratimAH indra kI cAmaradhArI pratimAe' to paMcatIrthI Adi meM pracura parimANa meM haiM para bhagavAna ke janmAbhiSeka samaya kI eka pratimA padmAsana mudrA meM hai jisake goda meM eka chidra hai jisameM bhagavAna kI pratimA baiThAkara abhiSeka karane hetu nirmita pratIta hotI hai| indra pratimA ke mastaka para mukuTa kuNDalAdi dekha kara jIvita svAmI kI pratimA hone kA bhrama hotA hai / aisI pratimA rAya badrIdAsa kArita zItalanAtha jinAlaya ke atirikta anyatra kahIM nahIM dekhI gii| vijaya yaMtra: AcArya zrI jinaprabhasUri dvArA vijayayaMtra kA pratyakSa prabhAva anubhava kara samrATa muhammada tugalaka ne do tAmramaya yaMtra vanavAkara eka AcAryazrI ko bheMTa kiyA va dUsarA svayaM haradama apane pAsa rakhane lagA thaa| ghaMTAkarNayaMtra paTTa : tAmrapatra para ghaNTAkarNa pUjA ke yaMtra aura maMtrAkSarAdi vAle paTa bhI pAye jAte haiN| hamAre kalAbhavana meM eka tAmrapaTTa saMgrahIta hai| navapada-siddhacakra yaMtra : jaina samAja meM caitra-Azvina ke antima nau dinoM meM AyaMTila pUrvaka navapadoM kA ArAdhana kiyA jAtA hai jise olI jI kahate haiN| mandiroM meM navapada maNDala kI racanA hokara vidhi-vidhAna pUrvaka vRhat pUjA bhagAI jAtI hai| siddhacakra yaMtra gaTTAjI to snAtrapUjAdi meM nitya hI pUje jAte haiM / dhAtumaya siddhacakra yaMtra cAMdI pItala aura kAMsyamaya pracura parimANa meM upalabdha haiM jisameM kaiyoM meM kevala nAma aura kaiyoM meM pratimAeM utpINita pAyI jAtI haiM / pASANa paToM kI bhA~ti dhAtumaya yaMtroM para bhI isa vidhA kA vaividhya prApta hotA hai / Dhale hue dhAtumaya yaMtra ajImagaMja ke dUgar3a parivAra dvArA zatAbdI pUrva pracura parimANa meM nirmita hue the jinameM akSara khude hue nahIM para Upara uThe hue haiM / siddhacakra maMDala ke bahuta bar3e-bar3e paTTa bhI pAye jAte haiM / kalakattA ke zve0 paMcAyatI mandira meM eka vRhat AkAra kA paTTaka hai / isameM maNDala pUjana ke sAre vidhAna vidhivat bane huye haiN| nava devatA: jinakAMcI ke mandira meM eka yaMtra aura dvitala pAdapITha sthita kamalAsana para madhya meM nRsiMha aura ubhaya pakSa meM bane siMhoM para cakra meM aSTadala yukta sundara yaMtra banA huA hai| madhya meM arihaMta, Upara siddha, phira AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu ke atirikta darzana, jJAna, cAritra aura tapa ke pratIka svarUpa jinAlaya, ThavaNI para zAstra, dharmacakra va tapasvI muni ke citra utkIrNita haiN| arhanta bhagavAna ke ubhaya pakSa meM cAmara rakhe huye haiM ! caturmukha prAsAda : munizrI puNyavijaya jI ke saMgraha meM dhAtu kA eka nau-graha daza-digpAla paTTa : siddhacakra vidhAnAdi meM maNDalapUjA meM tAmra ke nau graha daza digpAla ke bar3e-bar3e paTTa banate haiM jinameM unake namaskAra pUrvaka nAma va pratIka khude rahate haiN| kaI mandiroM meM aise paTTa pAye jAte haiM / .. aSTamaMgala : prAcIna zAstroM meM pUThoM para citroM meM aura zilpa meM aSTa maMgala pracuratA se pAye jAte haiN| satraha bhedI pUjA meM bhagavAna ke samakSa akhaMDa cAvaloM se aSTamaMgala Alekhita hone kA ullekha hai para vaha kArya kaThina hone se cAMdI aura pittala kAMsya ke aSTamaMgala paTTa bhI siddhacakra yaMtrAdi kI mA~ti pratyeka mandira meM pAye jAte haiM / pATe para khude hue aSTamaMgala cAvaloM se pUre jA sakate haiM para Ajakala car3hAne ke isa upAdAna ko pUjanIya samajha kara loga inakI pUjA karane lage haiM jo ucitta nahIM / 70 ]

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sundara parikara hai jo saM0 1616 kA hai| isakI kalApUrNa abhivyakti prazaMsanIya hai| pRSTha bhAga meM vistRta abhilekha hai jisameM pUrNimA pakSa ke vidyAprabhasUri dvArA pratiSThA karAne va pATaNa ke DhaMDhera pAr3e ke zrImAla jJAtIya zrAvaka parivAra ke padmaprabha viva nirmANa karane kA ullekha hai| isakI mUla pratimA ava nahIM hai / eka choTA-sA dhAtumaya jinAlaya hai jo cAroM ora khulA hai / isameM caturmukha pratimAeM virAja- mAna rahI hoMgI / isa deharAsara kA zikhara atyaMta kalApUrNa hai| saM0 1462 meM isa caturmukha prAsAda ko sA0 dharmA dvArA svarNa raupya se alaMkRta karAne aura saMgha dvArA nirmANa karAne kA ullekha hai / yaha bhI muni puNyavijayajI ke saMgraha mukha Adi alaMkaraNa haiM: upakaraNa kalaza lagA huA hai / naravara kA sahasrakUTa bimba isa samaya jhAMsI ke jinAlaya meM hai| yaha dhAtumaya DhalA huA cAra sAr3he cAra phuTa UMcA nau bhAgoM meM vibhAjita khaNDoM ko jor3a kara banAyA gayA hai| madhya sthita pratimA 8 iMca kI hai. avaziSTa eka-Der3ha iMca kI hai / samasta pratimAeM 1002 hai aura saM0 1515 zaka 1509 (1) bhaTTAraka dharmabhUSaNa ke upadeza se nirmita haiM / UparI bhAga meM pItala kA sundara kalaza hai| samavasaraNa : sUrata ke digambara jinAlaya meM eka kAMsya kA catumarava jinAlaya bhI dhAtu pratimAoM kI vidhAoM meM apanA vaziSTya rakhatA hai / isameM caturdika teraha pratimAeM haiM jinameM eka khagAsana aura vAraha padmAsanastha haiM / prathama tala meM isa prakAra 52 huI / dvitIya tala meM solaha, tRtIya tala meM caumukha isa prakAra 72 pratimAeM kalApUrNa stambha va toraNa yukta suzobhita hai| sUrata ke jaina maMdira meM eka dhAtumaya samavasaraNa atyanta sundara, kalApUrNa aura darzanIya hai / isa vizAla samavasaraNa ko nIce caurasa kalApUrNa Asana para vRttAkAra tIna gar3ha aura vAraha parSadA vAlA banAyA hai| yaha san 1055 kA banA huA hai / isake pratolI dvAra, toraNa aura viziSTa prakAra kA zikhara bhI bejor3a hai| paMca meru : nandIzvara dvIpa : yaha bhI sUrata ke di0 jaina mandira meM pA~coM dvIpoM ke pA~ca meru ke pratIka rUpa pA~ca taloM meM atyanta sundara kalAmaya abhivyakti vAlA bejor3a banA huA hai| tAmrazAsana kolhApura ke jinAlaya meM eka dhAtumaya nandIzvara vimba sthApita hai| jisameM caurasa caturmakha prathama tala para 20. dvitIya tala para 16, tRtIya tala para 12 aura caturtha tala para 4 jinavimva hai| pratimAe~ padmAsana mudrA meM haiM aura Upara zikhara kalaza yukta hai / sahasrakUTa jinaaly| pATaNa nagara meM kAMsya kA sahasrakUTa jinAlaya atyaMta sundara kalApUrNa hai / yaha sarvatobhadra kI bhA~ti caturmakha aura paryApta UMcA hai| nIce bAraha parSadA aura sIr3hiyA~ banI huI haiN| Upara kI tIna maMjila meM caturdina 1008 jina pratimAeM haiM, cAro konoM meM cAmaradhArI aura makara. tau~-mandiroM Adi ke liye rAjya kI ora se. jo bhUmidAna Adi kiye jAte the, unake aneka tAmrazAsana saMskRta. prAkRta va rAjasthAnI bhASA meM likhe hue upalabdha haiN| baMgAla ke brAhmaNa guhanandi dvArA pahAr3apura ke jaina mandira maTha ko diyA gayA tAmrazAsana pA~cavIM zatAbdI kA hai / vikkamapura kA eka tAmrazAsana jesalamera meM dekhA thA / bIkAnera ke jJAna maMDAra meM nAla dAdAjI kI pUjA ke hetu prApta rAjakIya tAmrazAsana hai| hamAre kalA bhavana meM bhI eka tAmrazAsana hai / [ 71

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rajatamaya samavasaraNAdi: upasaMhAra: bar3audA ke narasiMhajI kI pola meM sthita dAdA pArzvanAtha jinAlaya meM eka cA~dI kA vizAla samavasaraNa hai| isI prakAra bhArata ke pratyeka nagara meM vipula sAmagrI saMprApta hai| kalakattA ke paMcAyatI mandira se vizva vizruta kArtika mahotsava kI zobhAyAtrA meM dharmanAtha svAmI kA jo samavasaraNa nikAlA jAtA hai vaha saM01893 meM hemalTana kampanI se banavAyA gayA thA / hema rajata va maNiyoM se suzobhita evaM makhamala-jarI se alaMkRta yaha adabhuta kalAkRti hai| isake atirikta anya choTe samavasaraNa, naubata khAnA, paTa, lezyA vRkSa Adi aneka kalAmaya vastue~ haiN| phaladharA, pAlane, dhvajAyeM, trigar3he evaM siMhAsanAdi sAmagrI jaina mandiroM meM pracara parimANa meM hai / uparyukta samavasaraNa ke anukaraNa meM kalApremI zrI bhairU dAna jI koThArI dvArA banavAyA huA samavasaraNa bIkAnera meM bhI hai| bhArata ke aneka jinAlayoM meM samavasaraNa. kalpavRkSa. ratha, devAlaya, siMhAsana, caturdaza mahAsvapnoM ke seTa Adi nirmANa dvArA kalA ko kAphI protsAhana milA hai| bhagavAna kI aMgiyA~, svarNa, rajata aura ratnajaTita hai jisameM kalA kA pratyakSa darzana hotA hai / rajatamaya pratimAeM aneka bhAgyazAliyoM ne nirmANa karAyI thiiN| makasUdAbAda ke dUgar3a parivAra ne zatAbdI pUrva bahuta sI rajatamaya pratimAeM nirmANa karAI thI jo Aja bhI saMprApta hai| nAkor3A jI kI mUlanAyaka pratimA kA parikara jatamaya hai| mandiroM kI vediyAM, kapATa, siMhAsana, vaMdanavAra Adi aneka mandiroM meM vidyamAna haiN| isa prakAra dhAtu pratimAoM ke virATa vihaMgAvalokana se pramANita hai ki pratimAdi nirmANa meM dhAtuoM kA prayoga ati prAcInakAla se hotA AyA hai| mathurA ke deva nirmita vaiddha stUpa svarNa ratnamaya dhAtu se nirmita the| dhaMdhANI meM nikalI huI samprati candragupta kAlIna pratimAeM. bambaI myUjiyama kI kAMsya pratimA, AkoTA kI jIvaMta svAmI Adi kI pratimAe' vallabhI. mahar3I, vasaMtagar3ha, bIkAnera Adi kI guptakAlIna zilpa prmpr| yukta pratimAe~ daMgAla, ur3IsA, bihAra se prApta pratimAoM meM kuSANa, gupta, pAla aura madhyakAlIna zilpamaya paMcatIthiyA~. cauvIsI. tritIrthI. aparikara ikatIrthI Adi kalA kA vikAsa, usameM vibhinna devI-devatA, bhaktagaNAdi kA praveza apane Apa meM eka viziSTa adhyayana kI sAmagrI hai| vizAla se vizAlatama aura lagha se laghutama pratimAeM tathA samavasaraNa, sahasrakUTa, merugiri Adi zilpa va yaMtra paTAdi vidhAe' mathurA ke AyAgapaTTa kI paramparA ko ujAgara karane meM sakSama hai| zilpa zAstra vAstuvidyA viSayaka granthoM se isa viSaya meM adhyayana prastuta karanA eka svataMtra zodha kA viSaya hai| isase prAcIna bhArata ke sAMskRtika va dhArmika pUjA upAsanA ke adhyAya para gambhIra aura manoraMjaka prakAza par3a sakatA hai| yahA~ kucha thoDI-sI yathAjJAta sAmagrI para saMkSipta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| AzA hai vidvAna loga isa upayogI viSaya ke zodhArtha meM savizeSa pravRtta hoNge| 72]

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isI prakAra bauddha granthoM ke eka ullekha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nAlandAvAsI aura bauddha mahimA ko sahana na karane se khUna kI ulTI hone aura vahA~ se pAvA le jAne kA ullekha milatA hai. yaha bhI sarvathA galata hai / muni nagarAja jI Adi ne bhI ise pIche kA jor3A huA mAnA hai / prAcInatam zvetAmbara jainAgama kalpasUtrAdi se yaha siddha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa ke samaya pUrNa svastha the / solaha prahara taka akhaNDa dezanA dete hue nirvANa paaye| ve apApA yA madhyamA pAvA kI hastipAla kI rajjugazAlA meM virAjamAna the| ataH nAlandA se asvastha avasthA meM pAvA jAnA aura khUna kI ulTI honA sarvathA asaMgata hI hai| yadi bauddha ullekha ko eka dRSTi se grahaNa kara liyA jAya to bhI vartamAna pAvApurI hI nirvANasthAna siddha hogaa| kyoMki asvastha avasthA meM bauddha granthokta pAvA meM jAnA to sambhava hI nahIM ho sakatA / pAvA samIkSA kI parIkSA pAvApurI sthAna ke sambandha meM kucha pAzcAtya vidvAnoM aura bhAratIya anveSakoM ne bauddha sAhitya ke AdhAra se zaMkA upasthita kI hai aura uttara pradeza ke kaI sthAnoM ko prAcIna pAvA batAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| para jaina samAja ne, bauddha granthoM ke AdhAra se jo anirNita sthAna batalAe gaye unheM mAnya nahIM kiyA, kyoMki jaina paramparA kA AdhAra hI jaina samAja ko maany| ho sakatA hai. bauddhoM kA nahIM | kAraNa spaSTa hai ki bauddha granthoM meM jo bhI vivaraNa jaina sambandha meM milate haiM ve bhrAmaka evaM dveSapUrNa pratIta hote haiN| itanA hI nahIM. unake kaI ullekha to paraspara virodhI bhI haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa sambandhI bauddha granthoM meM jo ullekha milate haiM ve prAyaH galata pratIta hote haiM / jaisA ki eka ullekha meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda tatkAla hI unakA saMgha do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho kara paraspara kalaha karane lagA para, yaha bAta jainAgamoM ke prakAza meM sarvathA galata siddha hotI hai / kyoMki mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke kucha ghaMToM ke bAda hI gautama svAmI ko kevala jJAna ho gayA thA / usake bAda sudharmA svAmI jaina saMgha ke ekamAtra karNadhAra bne| ataH saMgha ke do 'bhAgoM meM vibhakta hone kA koI prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| mahAvIra aura buddha samakAlIna hone para bhI kabhI paraspara mile nahIM / jainAgamoM meM buddha yA bauddha dharma kI nindA yA virodha meM kucha bhI nahIM kahA gayA jabaki bauddha granthoM meM niggaThanAtaputra mahAvIra aura unakI vicAradhArA para spaSTa rUpa se virodhI svara tathA nindAtmaka zabdoM kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| bauddha grantha bhI buddha nirvANa ke kAphI bAda ke likhe huye haiM aura unameM pIche se gholamela bhI hotA rahA hai ityAdi aneka kAraNoM se bauddha granthokta pAvA bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa sthAna mAnya nahIM kI jA sakatI kyoMki jahA~ bauddhoM kA adhika prabhAva rahA vahA~ jaina kama ho gaye aura jahA~ jainoM kA prabhAva rahA vahA~ bauddha bhI prAyaH kama ho gaye the| ataH bauddha granthokta pAvA jo kuzInArA ke nikaTavartI aura malloM kI rAjadhAnI batalAI jAtI hai, usa pAvA meM vaise bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa honA nahIM jNctaa| rAjagRha-nAlandA meM bhagavAna ne aneka cAturmAsa [73

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kI bAta ko usa sampradAya ke granthoM aura prAcIna paramparA ke AdhAra se batalAnA yA mAnanA adhika ucita hai / virodhI dharma sampradAyoM kI bAteM jaba vahuta-sI bhrAmaka, galata aura dveSapUrNa siddha hotI hI hai, tava unake AdhAra se jaina paramparA kI upekSA karanA sarvathA anucita hai| kiye, vahA~ jainoM kA khUba prabhAva thA / ataH antima nirvANa sthAna jainoM ke prabhAva va mAnya sthAna ke AsapAsa hI honA adhika tarkasaMgata aura hRdaya-grAhya hai| pAvA nAmaka sthAna bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM bhI tIna yA tIna se adhika the / kuzInArA ke pAsa kI pAvA meM bauddha prabhAva ho adhika honA cAhie / jaina granthoM meM mahAvIra ke nirvANa sthAna ko majjhima pAvA ke nAma se ullikhita kiyA hai jabaki bauddha granthokta pAvA ko 'majjhina pAvA' kahIM bhI nahIM batalAyA hai| panyAsa kalyANavijayajI ne apane 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra' grantha meM spaSTa likhA hai ki pAvA nAmaka tIna nagariyA~ thI / jaina sUtroM ke lekhAnusAra eka pAvA maMgideza kI rAjadhAnI thii| yaha deza pArzvanAtha pahAr3a ke AsapAsa ke bhUmibhAga meM phalA huA thA jisameM hajArIbAga aura mAnabhUna jiloM ke bhAga zAmila haiM / dUsarI pAvA kuzInArA kI aura 'malloM kI rAjadhAnI thii| tIsarI pAvA magadha janapada meM thI, yaha ukta donoM pAvAoM ke madhya meM thii| pahalI pAvA isake Agneya dizA bhAga meM aura dUsarI isake vAyavya bhAga meM lagabhaga sama aMtara para thI isIliye yaha prAyaH madhyamA pAvA ke nAma se hI prasiddha thI / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke antima cAturmAsa kA kSetra aura vIra nirvANa bhUmi isI pAvA ko samajhanA caahiye| bauddha granthoM meM isa tIsarI pAvA kI carcA nahIM hai / jaina granthoM meM pahalI pAvA kA ullekha dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| zrI sarAvagI jI ne apanI bAta ko siddha karane ke liye miTTI kI mohara kA jo pATha upasthita karake, usase jo artha nikAlA hai vaha to bahuta hI hAsyAspada-sA lagatA hai| zrI sarAvagI digamvara sampradAya ke haiM aura usa sampradAya meM prAcIna jaina itihAsa evaM sAhitya kI paramparA utanI surakSita nahIM rahI, jitanI zvetAmbara sampradAya meM rahI hai| prArambhika nivedana meM unhoMne ise spaSTataH svIkAra kiyA hai ki "zvetAmbara sampradAya meM to tIrtha-kalpa Adi kucha grantha haiM bho para digambara sampradAya meM koI aisA prAcIna grantha nahIM milatA jisase tIrthoM kI tAlikA, avasthiti, sthAna, mArga. racanA, nirmANa kAlAdi kA jJAna ho sake / " / zvetAmbara sAhitya aura itihAsa kI ajAnakArI ke kAraNa hI unhoMne yahA~ taka likha diyA ki "chaThI zatAbdI se lekara bArahavIM zatAbdI taka jainoM ke aneka tIrtha vismRta ho gaye athavA unake adhikAra ke bAhara ho gye| Age calakara bhaTTArakoM ne aura unakI preraNA se zraddhAlu dhanikoM ne milate-julate nAmoM ke AdhAra para athavA bhAvukatA ke tala para kRtrima tIrthoM kI sthApanA kara bhavya vizAla maMdira, caitya, dharmazAlAe~ Adi kA nirmANa karavA diye / kuNDalapura, kSatriyakuNDa Adi kI kRtrimatA to pramANita ho hI cukI hai| pAvApurI bhI isI prakAra sthApita tIrthoM meM se eka hai / " vAstava meM pUrva deza se jaina saMgha jaba pazcima aura dakSiNa kI ora calA gayA to prAcIna tIrthoM meM AvAgamana avazya kama ho gayA para paramparA viccheda nahIM huii| nyUnAdhika abhI-abhI chaparA ke zrI kanhaiyAlAla sarAvagI kA 'pAvA samIkSA' nAmaka grantha dekhane meM AyA / isameM mukhyarUpa se bauddha granthoM ke AdhAra para kuzInArA ke pAsa kI pAvA ko hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa sthAna siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| vAstava meM jisa saThiyAMva yA phAjilanagara ko pAvA nAmaka sthAna vatalAyA gayA hai usa sthAna ke pakSa meM eka bhI jaina pramANa ve nahIM de pAye / vastutaH kisI bhI sampradAya 78 ]

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pAvApurI, kRtrima yA sthApita tIrtha na hokara paramparAgata mAnya sahI tIrtha siddha hotA hai| ho, para jaina saMgha una prAcIna sthAnoM meM bhI rahA avazya hai| jisa taraha bihAra ke mAnabhUma Adi jiloM meM sarAka jAti, sarAvagIjI kI batalAI huI zatAbdiyoM meM nivAsa karatI rahI hai jinako sabhI logoM ne eka mata se prAcIna jaina zrAvaka mAnA hai aura unake nivAsa sthAna meM sarAvagIjI ke ullikhita kAla meM bane hue aneka mandira aura jaina mUttiyA~ kucha varSoM pUrva to adhika para abhI bhI thor3e rUpa meM prApta haiN| isI taraha bihAra zarIpha. rAjagRha Adi ke AsapAsa eka dUsarI prAcIna jaina jAti ke loga prAcIna samaya se, pIche kI zatAbdiyoM taka nivAsa karate rahe hai| vaha jAti hai-mahattiyANa, jise saMskRta zilAlekhoM meM 'mantridalIya' kahA gayA hai| anuzruti ke anusAra ve bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke putra bharata kI paramparA ke the| sambhava hai unameM se jaina guruoM kA samparka na rahane se bahuta se loga jainadharma bhUla cuke hoN| isalie kharataragaccha ke maNidhArI zrI jinacandrasUri jI ne saM0 1211 se saM01223 ke bIca mahattiyANa jAti ke logoM ko jaina dharma kA pratibodha diyaa| isa sambandha meM hamArA nivandha 'maNidhArI jinacandrasUri' grantha meM draSTavya hai| isa jAti vAle jaina bandha paryApta pratiSThita dharmapremI aura dhanavAna rahe haiN| unake nAmoM ke Age 'Thakkara' vizeSaNa unake bhUmipati hone kA sUcaka hai / kharataragaccha kI 'yugapradhAnAcArya gurvAvalI' ke anusAra samvat 1352 meM to mahattiyANa jAti vAle jainI rAjagRha aura bihAra zarIpha ke AsapAsa kAphI saMkhyA meM rahate the| isI kAraNa aura unake anurodha se rakharataragaccha ke vAcaka rAjazekhara ne nAlandA bar3agA~va meM cAturmAsa kiyA aura vahA~ ke jainoM ne vihAra evaM uttarapradeza meM tIrthayAtrI saMgha nikAlA jisameM rAjagRha, nAlandA, pAvApurI. kSatriyakuNDa. mAhaNakuNDa, kAkandI tathA vArANasI, ayodhyA, ratnapurI, hastinApura Adi tIrthoM kI yAtrA kii| aura gaNijI ko punaH lAkara vihAra zarIpha meM cAturmAsa kraayaa| isase bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vartamAna nirvANasthAna digambara sampradAya ke vidvAna paM0 balabhadra jaina ne samasta bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrthoM kA itihAsa 5 vRhada khaMDoM meM taiyAra kiyA hai| unhoMne pAvApurI ke sambandha meM eka mahatvapUrNa lekha 'anekAnta' ke akTUbara aMka meM prakAzita karavAyA hai / isameM digambara saMskRta nirvANa-bhakti ke zloka uddhata karate hue likhA hai ki "mahAvIra kamala-vana se bhare hue aura nAnAvRkSoM se suzobhita pAvAnagara ke udyAna meM kAyotsarga dhyAna meM ArUr3ha ho gaye / pAvApura nagara ke bAhara unnata. bhUmikhaMDa para kamaloM se suzobhita tAlAba ke bIca meM niSpApa varddhamAna ne nirvANa prApta kiyaa|" isa ullekha se vartamAna mAnya pAvApurI hI prabhu kA nirvANa sthAna, digambara prAcIna paramparA ke anusAra bhI siddha hotA hai| kamaloM ke sarovara ke bIca hI vartamAna jalamandira bhavyajanoM ke parama AhlAda ko utpanna karane vAlA vidyamAna hai| bauddha granthokta saThiyA~va vAlI tathAkathita pAvA meM kamalasarovara jAnane meM nahIM AyA / sarAvagIjI ne pAvA samIkSA ke prathama pariccheda meM likhA hai ki "uttarI vihAra aura pUrvI uttara pradeza se jaina dharma kA bArahavIM zatAbdI taka pUrNataH lopa ho gayA thaa| bArahavIM zatAbdI taka vaizAlI aura malla dezoM se jainoM kA sarvathA vahirgamana ho cukA thA aura musalamAnoM kA AtaMka ina kSetroM meM banA huA thA, isase jaina apane pUrvavartI tIrthasthAnoM kI ora se udAsIna ho cuke the aura unheM prAyaH bhUla cuke the / sambhavataH bArahavIM zatAbdI ke antima dazaka yA terahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambhika dazakoM meM paTanA vAlI vartamAna pAvApurI meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pratIka kI sthApanA kara dI gii| paMdrahavIM zatAbdI taka vartamAna pAvApurI kI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa kSetra ke rUpa meM mAnyatA ho gayI thI aura madhyamA pAvA kI [75

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sthiti ko jainI bhUla cuke the|" sarAvagI jI kA yaha likhanA itihAsa kI bar3I mUla hai, kyoMki IsA kI bArahavIM zatAbdI taka musalamAnoM kA AtaMka ina kSetroM meM nahIM huA thA / musalamAnI sAmrAjya to dillI meM bhI vArahavIM zatI ke anta meM sthApita huA thA / bArahavIM zatAbdI meM nahIM, caudahavIM zatAbdI meM unakA AtaMka mAnA jA sakatA hai| isI taraha pandrahavIM zatAbdI taka vartamAna pAvApurI ko nirvANa kSetra kI mAnyatA hone kI bAta bhI sahI nahIM hai, kyoMki san 1295 meM kharataragaccha ke muniyoM aura saMgha ne vartamAna pAvApurI ko yAtrA kI thii| usa samaya vaha nirvANa sthAna ke rUpa meM paramparA mAnya hI thA, ataH 15vIM zatI kI bAta sathA galata hai / sarAvagI jI saThiyAMva phAjilanagara ko hI bauddha granthoM ke AdhAra se pAvA hone kA jagaha-jagaha likhate haiM para vaha bhI bauddha granthoM evaM bharatasiMha upAdhyAya ke anusAra ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki pAvA kuzInagara se tIna gavyUti dUra thI / gavyUti kA artha bharatasiMha ne pauna yojana, Ajakala kI gaNanA meM karIva chaH mIla batalAyA hai jabaki sarAvagIjI ne 12 mIla batAte huye sarvatra 'saThiyA~va' kI puSTi kI hai / 'tIna gavyUti' kA artha yadi pauna yojana aura chaH mIla DA0 bharatasiMha upAdhyAya ke anusAra sahI hai to saThiyAMva aura phAjilanagara ke havAI kile to havA meM hI ur3a jAte haiM kyoMki vaha to 12 mIla dUra hai / / sarAvagIjI ne pRSTha 21 meM likhA hai ki vartamAna pAvApurI meM koI purAnI cIja nahIM miltii| jo bhI hai guptakAla ke bAda kI hai, isase isa pAvApurI kI arvAcInatA siddha hotI hai para jisa sthAna ko ve pAvA batalA rahe haiM, vahA~ bhI to aisI kauna-sI jaina sAmagrI prApta hai| vartamAna pAvApurI meM kucha varSoM pUrva paryApta purAtattvAvazena idhara-udhara bikhare par3e the aura kucha aba bhI vahA~ haiM / jalamaMdira jo vartamAna meM makarAne 76 ] patthara se jar3A huA hai vaha to kevala UparI sajAvaTa hai. usake nIce ve hI prAcIna bar3I-bar3I IMTeM lagI huI haiN| jaba yaha mandira bana rahA thA to hamane svayaM una prAcIna IMToM ko dekhA hai jo purAtatvajJoM kI dRSTi se do hajAra varSa se bhI prAcIna ho sakatI hai| isI prakAra vartamAna samavasaraNa mandira meM eka prAcIna stUpa aura kuA~ hai| jinaprabhasUrijI ke san 1335 ke ullekhAnusAra isI pAvApurI meM nAgamaNDapa thA, jahA~ janetaroM kA melA bhI lagatA thaa| vahA~ ke kue~ se pAnI lAkara dIvAlI ke dina binA tela ghI ke dIpaka jalAte the / sarAvagIjI ne pRSTha 22 meM likhA hai ki pAvA aura purI do alaga-alaga sthAna haiN| pAvA grAma purI se prAyaH zAmIla uttara kI ora hai, pAvA meM jainoM kA koI sthAna nahIM hai, purI meM hI digambara zvetAmvara mandira aura zvetAmbaroM dvArA nirmita eka samavasaraNa hai| para sarAvagIjI prAcIna pAvApurI kI samRddhi aura vizAlatA ko bhUla gaye haiN| || mIla kA antara to sAdhAraNa vAta hai, bhagavAna kA samavasaraNa bhI yojana ke vistAra meM hotA thA vartamAna samavasaraNa mandira pAvA ke samIpa hI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa pAvA meM huA aura usake samIpa hI agni-saMskAra huaa| isalie vaha sthAna purI ke nAma se prasiddha ho gyaa| donoM sthAna pahale eka hI nagara ke bhAga the phira bIca meM vastI kama ho jAne se donoM kA alagAva ho gyaa| Der3ha mIla kI dUrI usa prAcIna vizAla pAvA ke kSetraphala ko dekhate hue kucha bhI nahIM hai / pR0 22 meM hI ve saThiyAMva ke samarthana meM eka pramANa upasthita karate haiM / vahA~ san 1946 meM bAbA rAghavadAsa ne pAvAnagara mahAvIra iNTara kAleja sthApita kiyaa| jisa kAleja kI sthApanA hue 25 varSa hI hue haiM usameM pAvA nagara aura mahAvIra kA nAma jor3a dene mAtra se vaha bha0 mahAvIra kA nirvANa kSetra kabhI mAnya nahIM ho sakatA /

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hajAra varSa purAne pramANoM ko amAnya kara 25 varSa ke diye hue nAma ko aitihAsika mahatva aura pramANikatA siddha karane ke liye eka prabala pramANa batalAnA, koI bhI artha nahIM rkhtaa| pRSTha 30 meM 'mahAvIra aura buddha kAla meM kevala eka hI pAvA thI' likhA hai-vaha bhI jaina sAhitya ko ajAnakArI kA dyotaka hai / kevala bauddha grantha meM eka pAvA kA ullekha hone se hI usa samaya eka pAvA thI yaha likha denA ucita nahIM hai / 3 pAvA ke sambandha meM hama pahale hI likha cuke haiN| pR0 32 meM mahAvIra nirvANa ke 980 varSa bAda meM kalpasUtra kI racanA huI likhA, yaha bhI sahI nahIM hai| vastutaH 980 varSa bAda to zAstra pustakArUr3ha hue the, kalpasUtra kI racanA to zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu svAmI kI hai jo bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 170 varSa bAda hI hue haiN| pR0 33 meM saThiyAMva zabda ko caityagrAma kA apabhraza mAnate haiN| pR0 42 meM saThiyAMva ko zrI pAvA kA apabhraMza batalAnA bhI kevala manokalpanA hai aura bhASA-vijJAna kI anabhijJatA kA sUcaka / pRSTha 23 meM eka mahatvapUrNa upalabdhi miTTI kA muhara ko batalAyA gayA hai| jise ve 'viziSTa rAjA yA amAtya kA muhara' aura 'isa sthAna kA nagara honA siddha karatI hai' batalAte haiM / para pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki yaha muhara koI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya kI nahIM hai / usake par3he gaye cAra akSaroM kA artha ma se malla, ha se hastipAla, la se lekhaka, yA lA rAjA, a se apApA-amAtya yaha mana kalpita artha kara diyA gayA hai| pR0 23 meM paTanA saMgrahAlaya ke nirdezaka ne isa muhara ko guptakAla se pUrva dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI aura lakhanaU tathA kalakattA saMgrahAlaya ke nirdezaka ne IsA pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI kA batalAyA hai. likhA hai tava usameM hastipAla kA nAma ho hI kaise sakatA hai| isI taraha apApA yaha nagara kA nAma jaina mAnya hai. bauddha granthoM meM to yaha nAma hI nahIM miltaa| ataH usa samaya isa sthAna kA pAvA nAma hI thA madhya pAvA nhiiN| vAstava meM sarAvagIjI kI yaha kalpanA mAtra hai| rAjAoM kI muhara miTTI kI nahIM huA karatI / na to yaha 'muhara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya jitanI prAcIna hai aura na una / akSaroM ke artha hI ve jo nikAlate haiM sahI haiN| pR0 26-27 meM majjhimA kA artha madhya dezavartI kahanA bhI sarvathA galata hai / madhyadeza kI sImA ke liye pR0 33 meM kalpasUtra ke nAmoM se jo pramANa diyA hai vaha na to kalpasUtra kA pATha hai aura na usakA madhyadeza kI sImA sUcaka artha hI hai| vAstava meM vaha vRhatkalpa sUtra kA pATha hai jisameM sAdha sAdhviyoM kA vihAra kahA~-kahA~ kalpatA hai usakI sImA batalAyI . hai / yaha madhya deza kI sImA sUcaka nahIM hai / pR058 meM 'pAvA ke malla mahAvIra ke aura kuzInagara ke malla buddha ke anuyAyI the' likhA hai para usa pAvA ke mallamahAvIra ke anuyAyI the, isa bAta kA pramANa kyA hai? Age likhA hai ki harivaMza purANa ke varNana se aisA lagatA hai ki "bhagavAna mahAvIra vihAra karate hue bAra-bAra madhya pradeza kI ora Ate the|" para yaha likhanA sarvathA galata hai / unake vihAra caumAsoM kI zvetAmbara jainAgamoM meM jo sUcI milatI hai usase madhya-pradeza kI ora bAra-bAra jAnA siddha nahIM hotaa| pR063 meM madhyama pAvA vartamAna devariyA janapada meM kuzInagara se prAyaH 12 mIla dakSiNa pUrva vaizAlI kI dizA meM thI likhA hai para bauddha granthoM meM jaba 'madhyama' zabda kA prayoga hI nahIM hai to usa pAvA ko madhyama pAvA batalAnA. kalpanA mAtra hai| isI pRSTha meM pratikramaNa pIThikA ke daNDaka prakaraNa kA pATha diyA hai / usameM 'sahAe' zabda kA artha 'saMrakSita [ 77

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galata kiyA gayA hai| prAkRta 'sahAe' kA 'sabhA meM artha sIdhA par3atA hai / pratikramaNa pIThikA daMDaka prakaraNa kauna sA hai aura kahA~ se prakAzita hai-ullekha karanA cAhiye thA / uparyukta pATha ke artha ke nIce hI likhA hai ki 'hastipAla ke rAjya meM nirvANa hone kA ullekha hai' para kalpasUtra aura daNDaka prakaraNa donoM pAThoM meM hastipAla ke rAjya kA ullekha nahIM hai, 'rajjugazAlA' yA 'sabhA' kA ullekha hai / hamArI rAya meM rajjugazAlA aura sabhA kA ullekha usa sthAna kA sUcaka hai jahA~ bhagavAna kA nirvANa huaa| para hastipAla ke rAjyakAla meM huA aisA nahIM lagatA / 'trizaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra', 'vividha tIrtha kalpa, Adi ke anusAra usa samaya rAjA puNyapAla vahA~ kA rAjA thA, jisane bhagavAna se svapnaphala pUche aura unase dIkSA grahaNa kara mukti prApta kI thii| hastipAla rAjA usakA pUrvavartI rAjA hogA jisane vaha 'rajjugazAlA' yA 'sabhA' banavAyI thii| 'kalpasUtra' meM 'juNNAe' aura 'vividha tIrthakalpa' meM 'abhuktamAna' vizeSaNa pAye jAte haiM / isase aisA lagatA hai ki vaha usa samaya jIrNa ho cukI thI aura rAjya ke mahakameM ke rUpa meM kAma nahIM AtI thI / prabhu ne usI vizAla sabhA sthAna meM cAturmAsa kiyaa| isIliye hastipAla rAjA kA ullekha huA hai / nirvANa ke samaya vaha hastipAla kI banavAyI huI hone se usI ke nAma se prasiddha thii| bhagavAna kA cAturmAsa nagara ke bAhara hotA thA aura zulkazAlA cuMgIghara bhI prAyaH bAhara hI hotA hai / vartamAna pAvA aura purI donoM milAjulA eka hI nagara thA, java bastI na rahI to alaga-alaga nAma kahalAne lage / nirvANa ke samaya hastipAla kA rAjya nahIM thA / usake banAe bhavana meM bhagavAna Thahare the / 'kalpasUtra' ke pATha se aisA hI lagatA hai / hamArI rAya meM navamalla aura navalicchavI donoM ko milAkara hI 18 gagarAjya the jo kAzI, kozala deza ke antargata the| Age likhA hai ki "magadha vAloM ke sammilita nahIM hone se nirvANa kA sthAna magadha se alaga siddha hotA hai, yadi magadhvAlI pAvApurI meM nirvANa huA hotA to ajAta. zatra yA unake kisI pratinidhi ke sammilita hone kI bAta avazya aatii|" para magadha vAle sammilita nahIM hue. aisA bhI to ullekha nahIM hai| jaba magadha kI pAvApurI meM nirvANa huA to vahA~ ke logoM kI upasthiti kA ullekha karanA Avazyaka nahIM hotaa| ajAtazatru sambhava hai usa samaya kahIM anyatra gayA huA ho / nirvANa kI sUcanA pahale se pracArita thor3e hI thI, anyathA gautama svAmI dUsare gA~va ko kyoM jAte / saccI bAta to yaha hai ki zreNika kI mRtyu ke pazcAt mana na lagane se usane rAjagRha se rAjadhAnI haTA kara aMga deza kI campA ko rAjadhAnI karake vahA~ nivAsa karane lagA thA jo magadha ke antargata thii| pR0 66 meM likhA hai ki "kalpasUtra meM sarvaprathama nava mallaI likhA jAnA vizeSa artha rakhatA hai / yaha kathana isakA dyotaka hai ki vIra nirvANa mallabhUmi meM huA thA / " para vAstava meM nava malaI aura licchavI dUra se Aye hue the ataH bAhara se Agantuka viziSTa vyaktiyoM ke rUpa meM unakA ullekha huA hai / sthAnIya vyaktiyoM kA upasthita honA to sAdhAraNa bAta hai| inake ullekha kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| phira maloM ne 7 dina vuddha ke zarIra ko sajAne , pUjA karane meM bitAye. isakA ullekha karake "mahAvIra nirvANa ke samaya bhI kucha aisA hI huA thA aura jaise-jaise anya dezoM meM sUcanA milI, vahA~ ke loga bhI sammilita hone ke lie pAvA pahu~ce" likhA hai, para jaina granthoM ke anusAra na to prabhu kI deha kaI dinoM taka rakhI gaI thI aura na anya dezoM se logoM ke Ane kA hI ullekha hai| jaina granthoM ke anusAra pR065 meM nava malla aura nava licchavi aura aThAraha kAzI kauzala gaNarAjyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, yahA~ bIca meM eka 'aura' lagAne se 18+18-36 ho jAte haiM para 78 ]

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to usI dina devoM dvArA agni-saMskAra kara diyA gayA aura paramparA ke anusAra indra aura deva Adi prabhu kI asthiyA~ Adi devaloka meM le gaye aura ratnakaraNDoM meM rakha kara unakI pUjA karane lge| bAta hai| gA~va to vahA~ purAnA thA tabhI to vahA~ mandira Adi bane, gA~va koI nayA vasA kara mandira Adi nahIM bnaayaa| pR0 69 meM likhA hai ki harivaMza purANa ke samaya taka vartamAna pAvApurI kI sthApanA ho cukI thI aura jinasena kA harivaMzapurANa zaka saMvat 705 (vi0 saM0 84 meM racA gayA thA ataH sarAvagIjI ke ukta lekhAnusAra AThavIM zatAbdI se pUrva hI vartamAna pAvApurI kI sthApanA ho cukI thii| pR0 70 meM unhoMne harivaMza purANa kA racanAkAla san 1310 I0 likhA hai. yaha galata hai| pR0 71 meM likhA hai "bauddha zAstroM kI taraha jaina grantha silasilebAra likhe huai nahIM haiM," para vartamAna Agama silasilavAra hI haiN| bauddha zAstroM kI aitihAsika zRkhalA jaina zAstroM kI tulanA meM adhika vizvasanIya a~catI hai likhanA bhI anucita hai / jaina Agama bhI vizvasanIya sUcanAoM ke bhaMDAra haiN| pR0 123 meM "samAdhi" zabda kA jo artha kiyA gayA hai use dekhate huye vahA~ ."samAdhi-maraNa" zabda honA caahie| / pR0 112 meM likhA hai ki "vartamAna pAvApurI gA~va adhika se adhika chaH-sAta sau varSa purAnA hai| yahA~ prAcIna koI cIja nahIM hai. jo hai pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga kI hai|" para yaha gA~va bhagavAna kI nirvANa bhUmi ke rUpa meM hI jaba terahavIM yA isase pUrva kI zatAbdI taka sarAvagIjI ko mAnya hai. taba isa gA~va ko cha:-sAta sau varSa adhika se adhika batalAnA to paraspara virodhI bahuta se sthAnoM kA sahI nirNaya kevala itihAsa ke AdhAra se nahIM kiyA jA sakatA. paramparA kA bhI apanA mahatva hai| ataH samasta jaina samAja vartamAna mAnya pAvApurI meM hI pacIsa sauvAM nirvANa manAyegA aura usI ko mAnya rakhane kA anurodha kiyA jAtA hai| vauddha granthokta pAvA bauddhoM ko hI mAnya ho. jainoM ko nhiiN| [ 79

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tathA Upara se nIce khatrI likhI jAne vAlI lipi tsaMkI hai jo cIna ke adhivAsI saMkI ne pakSiyoM Adi ke caraNa cinhoM se nirmANa kI thii| jaina lekhana kalA gujarAta kI yaha kahAvata sarvathA satya hai ki sarasvatI kA pIhara jainoM ke yahAM hai / bhagavAn RSabhadeva hI mAnava saMskRti ke janaka the. unhoMne hI paramparAgata yugalika dharma ko haTAkara karmabhUmi ke asi. masi aura kRSi lakSaNa ko sArthaka kiyA thaa| samasta jJAna-vijJAna, kalA-kauzala. dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ke ve prathama zikSaka, AdipuruSa hone se unheM AdinAtha kahA jAtA hai| sarva prathama bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne apanI putrI brAhmI ko lekhana-kalA, lipivijJAna sikhAyA. isI se usakA nAma brAhmI lipi par3A / Avazyaka niyukti bhASya gAthA 13 me "lehaM livI vihANaM jiNeNa baMbhIi dAhiNa kareNa" likhA hai evaM paMcamAMga bhagavatI sUtra meM bhI sarvaprathama 'namo baMbhIe livIe' likhakara aThAraha lipiyoM meM pradhAna brAhmI lipi ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| bauddha grantha lalitavistara meM 64 lipiyoM ke nAma haiM jinameM bhI prathama brAhmI aura kharoSTI kA ullekha hai| bAyIM ora se dAhinI ora likhI jAne vAlI samasta lipiyoM kA vikAsa brAhmI lipi se huA hai| dAhinI ora se bAyIM ora likhI jAne vAlI lipi kharoSTI hai aura usI se arabI, phArasI. urdU Adi bhASAeM nikalI haiM / cInI bhASA ke bauddha vizvakoza ke anusAra brahma aura kharoSTa bhArata meM hue haiM aura unhoMne devaloka se lipiyAM prApta kI yadyapi bhagavAna RSabhadeva ko asaMkhya varSa ho gae aura lipiyoM kA usI rUpa meM rahanA asaMbhava hai aura na hamAre pAsa usa vikAsa krama ko kAlAvadhi meM Abaddha karane vAle sAdhana hI upalabdha haiN| vartamAna lipiyoM kA sambandha DhAI hajAra varSoM kI prApta lipiyoM se jur3atA hai| yoM mohanajodar3oM aura har3appA Adi kI saMskRti meM pA~ca hajAra varSa kI lipiyAM prApta huI haiM tathA rAjagRha evaM vArANasI ke abhilekha jise vidvAnoM ne "zaMkha lipi" kA nAma diyA hai, para adyAvadhi una lipiyoM ko par3hane meM purAtatvavid aura lipi vijJAna ke paNDita bhI apane ko akSama pAte haiM / bAhmI lipi nAma se prasiddha lipi kA kramika vikAsa hotA rahA aura usI vikAsa kA vartamAna rUpa apane-apane dezoM va prAntoM kI jalavAyu ke anusAra vikasita vartamAna bhASA-lipiyA~ haiM / kharoSTI lipi saimeTika varga' kI hai aura usakA pracAra IsA kI tIsarI zatI paryanta paMjAba meM thA aura usake bAda vaha lupta ho gii| pannavaNA sUtra meM kula lipiyoM ke nAmollekha ke atirikta samavAyAMga sUtra ke 18 veM samavAya meM aThAraha lipiyoM ke nAma evaM vizeSAvazyaka TIkA ke aThAraha lipi nAmoM meM kucha antara pAyA jAtA hai / jo bhI ho yahA~ jaina lekhana kalA aura usake vikAsa para prakAza DAlanA abhISTa hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI ko gaNadharoM ne grathita kiyA tathA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke zAsana kA vAGmaya jo mila-julakara eka ho gayA thA vizeSataH maukhika rUpa meM hI nigraMtha paramparA meM calA AtA rahA / AcArya devaddhiMgaNi kSamAzramaNa ne vIra nirvANa saMvat 980 meM vallabhI meM AgamoM ko granthArUr3ha/lipibaddha kiyA taba se lekhana-kalA kA adhikAdhika vikAsa huaa| itaHpUrva kathaMcit Agama likhAne kA ullekha samrATa khAravela ke abhilekha meM pAyA 80 ]

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jAtA hai evaM anuyogadvAra sUtra meM pustaka patrArUr3ha zruta ko dravya-zruta mAnA hai para adhikAMza Agama maukhika hI rahate the. likhita AgamoM kA pracalana nahIM thA, kyoMki zramaNa varga adhikatara jaMgala, udyAna aura giri-kandarAoM meM nivAsa karate aura pustakoM ko parigraha ke rUpa meM mAnate the| itanA hI nahIM. ve unakA saMgraha karanA asaMbhava aura prAyazcita yogya mAnate the. nizItha-bhASya, kalpa-bhASya, dazavaikAlika-cUNi meM isakA spaSTa ullekha hai / parantu paMcama kAla ke prabhAva se kramazaH smaraNa zakti kA hrAsa ho jAne se zruta sAhitya ko granthArUda karanA anivArya ho gayA thA / ataH zrutadhara AcArya ne samasta saMgha samavAya meM zrutajJAna kI vRddhi ke lie granthArUda karane kI svIkRti ko saMyama vRddhi kA kAraNa mAnya kiyA aura usI sandarbha meM grantha va lekhana sAmagrI kA saMgraha va vikAsa hone lgaa| pahale tAr3apatra aura bAda meM kAgaja kA upayoga pracuratA se hone lagA / grantha lekhana meM vastroM kA upayoga bhI kabhI-kabhI hotA thA, parantu patrAkAra to pATaNa bhaNDArastha saM0 1410 kI dharma-vidhi Adi kI prati ke alAvA TippaNAkAra evaM citrapaTa Adi meM pracura parimANa meM usakA upayoga honA pAyA jAtA hai / hamAre saMgraha meM aise kaI granthAdi haiM / tAr3apatra aura vastra para grantha lekhana kA ullekha anuyoga'cUNi tathA TIkA meM hai| lipi aura lekhana upAdAna : zruta lekhana meM lipi kA prAdhAnya hai| jainAcAryoM ne bhagavatI sUtra ke prArambha meM 'namo baMbhIe livIra' dvArA bhArata kI pradhAna brAhmI lipi ko svIkAra kiyaa| isI se nAgarI, zAradA, ThAkarI. gurumukhI, nevArI, baMgalA, ur3iyA. telagu. tamila, kannar3I. rAjasthAnI, gupta, kuTila, gujarAtI, mahAjanI aura tibbatI Adi lipi kA kramika vikAsa huaa| uttara bhArata ke granthoM meM devanAgarI lipi kA sArvabhauma pracAra huaa| sthApatya lekhoM ke liye adhikatara pASANa zilAphalakoM kA upayoga huA / kahIM-kahIM kASTha-paTTikA aura bhitti lekha bhI likhe gae para unakA sthAyitva alpa hone se ullekha yogya nahIM rahA / dAna-patrAdi ke liye tAmra dhAtu kA upayoga pracuratA se hotA thA, para granthoM ke liye tAr3apatra, bhojapatra aura kAgaja kA upayoga adhika huA / yoM kASTha ke patale phalaka evaM lAkSA ke lepa dvArA nirmita phalakoM para likhe grantha bhI milate haiM jinakA sambandha brahma deza se thaa| jaina grantha likhane meM pustaka lekhana ke sAdhana : jainAgama yadyapi gaNadhara va pUrvadhara AcAryoM dvArA racita haiN| inakA lekhanakAla vikrama saM0 500 nirNIta hai| upAMga sUtra rAjapraznIya meM devatAoM ke par3hane ke sUtra kA jo varNana AtA hai vaha samRddhipUrNa hote hue bhI tatkAlIna lekhana sAmagrI aura grantha ke prArUpa kA sundara pratinidhitva karatA hai| isa sUtra meM likhA hai ki pustakaratna ke sabhI sAdhana svarNa aura ratnamaya hote haiM / yataH tassa NaM pottha rayaNassa imeyArUve vaNNAvAse paNNate. taM jahA rayaNamayAi pattagAI, riThThAmaI kaMbiyAo. tavaNijjamae dore, nANAmaNimae gaMThI, veruliya-maNimaya lippAsaNe. riThThAmae chaMdaNe; tavaNijjamaI saMkalA, riTThAmaI masI, vairAmaI lehaNI, riTThAmayAI akkharAiM. ghammie stthe|' (pRSTha96) prastuta ullekha meM lekhana kalA se sambandhita patra, kAMvikA,DorA.granthi-gAMTha, lipyAsana-dAvAta, chaMdaNaya (Takkana). sAMkala, maSI-syAhI aura lekhanI sAdhana haiN| ye 1-jisa rUpa meM grantha likhe jAte the. 2-likhane ke lie jo upAdAna honA, 3-jisa syAhI kA upayoga hotA aura 4.likhita granthoM ko kaise rakhA jAtA thA, ina bAtoM kA vivaraNa hai| patra-jisa para grantha likhe jAveM use patra yA pannA kahate haiN| patra vRkSa ke patte. tAr3apatra. bhojapatrAdi kA aura bAda meM kAgaja kA upayoga hotA thA, para bAMdhane Adi ke sAdhana se vidita hotA hai ki patte alaga-alaga khule hote the| [81

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kaMbikA-tAr3apatrIya grantha ke saMrakSaNa ke lie rakhI jAne ikapaoNTa ( Inkpot) se hai| vijjAsaNA-vidyAsana vAlI kASThapaTTikA ko Age kAMvI kahA jAtA thaa| Ajakala . aura majIsaNAM-maSIAsana. maSIbhAjana se banA pratIta jo vAda kI banI huI kavikA prayoga meM AtI hai vaha vAMsa. hotA hai| lakar3I. hAthIdAMta Adi kI hotI hai, jisa para hAtha chaMdaNa aura sAMkala-dAvAta ke Upara jo Dhakkana rakhane se pasIne ke dAga Adi nahIM lagate haiM / rekhA lagAyA jAtA hai use chaMdaNa (AcchAdana ) kahate haiM tathA khIMcane ke lie bhI usakA upayoga hotA thA va kucha caur3I use sambandhita rakhane vAlI sAMkala hotI hai jo dAvAta paTTiyA~ patra rakhakara par3hane ke upayoga meM bhI AtI thiiN|| se Dhakkana ko saMlagna rakhatI hai| purAnI pItala Adi kI DorA-tAr3apatrIya granthoM ke panne caur3AI meM saMkare bhArI-bharakama zikharabaddha DhakkanavAlI dAvAteM Aja bhI kahIMaura lambAI meM adhika hone se ve eka dUsare se saMlagna kahIM dekhane ko milatI haiN| na rahakara asta-vyasta ho jAte the, isalie unheM vyava mapI-akSaroM ko sAkAra rUpa dene vAlI maSI sthita rakhane ke lie bIca meM chedakara bAMdha denA anivArya 'syAhI' hai| maSI zabda kajjala kA dyotaka hai jo kAlI thaa| bAMdhane ke lie Dore kA prayoga hotA aura usa syAhI kA upayoga sUcita karatA hai| rAyapaseNI sUtra lave Dore ko phira kasakara bAMdha dete the jisase vaha donoM kA 'riTThAmaI masI' aura akSara riSTa ratna ke zyAma varNa puTThoM-kASThaphalakoM ke bIca kasA huA surakSita rhtaa| hone se usI kA samarthana karate haiM / Ajakala dUsare sabhI tAr3apatrIya granthoM ke pazcAt jaba kAgajoM para likhane kI raMgoM ke sAtha kAlI syAhI zabda prayoga meM AtA hai| prathA ho gaIM to bhI usake madhya meM cheda karake DorA piroyA jAtA / vaha anAvazyaka hone para bhI tADapatrIya paddhati lekhanI-jisake dvArA zAstra likhe jAeM use lekhanI kAyama rahI aura madhya bhAga meM caurasa yA vRttAkAra rikta kahate haiN| sAdhAraNatayA kalama hI likhane ke kAma meM sthAna chor3a diyA jAtA thaa| yaha prathA unnIsavIM zatI AtI thI para dakSiNa bhArata, ur3IsA aura varmA kI taka calatI rhii| phira bhale hI usameM alaMkaraNa kA rUpa lipiyoM ko tAr3apatra para likhane ke lie lauha lekhanI kA tADapatrIya granthoM kI smRti rUdimAtra rahI ho| Aja bhI upayoga hotA hai para kAgaja aura uttara bhArata ke tAr3apatrAdi para likhane vAlI kalama kA hI yahA~ Azaya granthi-tADapatrIya pustaka meM DorA pirone ke bAda samajhanA caahie| yoM baMgAla Adi meM pakSiyoM kI pAMkha ve nikala na jAe~ tathA grantha naSTa na ho jAe isalie se bhI likhA jAtA thaa| hAthIdAMta, sIpa, kASTha Adi ke capaTe vAzara lagAe jAte the jise graMthI kahate the| lekhana upAdAna ke prakArAntara: lipyAsana-zabdArtha ke anusAra to isakA artha lekhana ke upAdAna-kAgaja, tAr3apatrAdi hotA hai parantu AcArya malayagiri ne isakA artha maSi-bhAjana arthAt dAvAta kiyA hai / gujarAta meM khaDiyA kahate haiM. rAjasthAna meM vijjAsaNA kahate haiM / kavivara samayasundarajI ne majIsaNAM zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, para sabakA Azaya - jaise Ajakala choTI-bar3I vividha AkAra kI pustakeM hotI haiM usI prakAra prAcIna kAla meM vividha AkAraprakAra kI pustakeM hone ke ullekha dazavaikAlika sUtra kI haribhadrIya TIkA, nizIthacUNi, vRhatkalpasUtra vRtti Adi meM pAye jAte haiM / yahA~ unakA saMkSipta paricaya diyA jAtA hai: 2]

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gaMDI pustaka-caur3AI aura moTAI meM samAna kintu vividha laMbAI vAlI tADapatrIya pustaka ko gaDI kahate haiM / isa paddhati ke kAgaja ke granthoM kA bhI isI meM samAveza hotA hai| kacchapI pustaka-jisa pustaka ke donoM kinAre saMkare tathA madhya meM kachue kI bhAMti moTAI ho use kacchapI pustaka kahate haiN| yaha AkAra kAgaja ke guTakoM meM to dekhA jAtA hai para tADapatrIya granthoM meM nahIM dekhA jaataa| muSTi pustaka-jo pustaka cAra aMgula lambI aura gola ho. muTThI meM rakha sakane yogya ho use muSTi pustaka kahate haiN| choTI-moTI TippaNAkAra pustakeM va Aja kI DAyarI kA isI meM samAveza ho jAtA hai| para yahAM tAr3apatra. vastra, kAgaja, kASThapaTTikA, bhojapatra, tAmrapatra, raupyapatra. suvarNapatra, patthara Adi kA samAveza karate haiN| gujarAta, rAjasthAna, kaccha aura dakSiNa meM sthita jJAna bhaNDAroM meM jo bhI tAr3apatrIya grantha upalabdha haiM. terahavIM zatI se pUrva, tAr3apatra para hI likhe milate haiN| bAda meM kAgaja kA pracAra adhika ho jAne se use bhI apanAyA gayA / maNidhArI zrI jinacandrasUrijI ke samaya vikrama saM0 1204 kA dhvanyAlokalocana' grantha upalabdhA hai, para TikAU hone ke nAte tAr3apatra hI adhika prayukta hote the| mahArAjA kumArapAla, vastupAla aura tejapAla ke samaya meM bhI kucha grantha kAgaja para likhe gae the. phira bhI bhArata kI jalavAyu meM adhika pracIna grantha Tike nahIM raha sakate the, jabaki jApAna meM tathA yArakanda nagara ke dakSiNa 60 mIla para sthita kugiyara sthAna se bhAratIya lipi ke cAra grantha vebara sAhava ko mile, jinheM IsA kI pAMcavIM zatI kA mAnA jAtA hai / tAr3apatrIya granthoM meM sabase prAcIna eka truTita nATaka kI prati kA 'bhAratIya prAcIna lipi mAlA' meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai jo dUsarI zatAbdI ke AsapAsa kI mAnI gaI hai| tAr3apatroM meM khAsa karake zrItAla ke patra kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| kumArapAla pravandha ke anusAra zrItAla durlabha ho jAne se kAgaja kA pracAra ho gyaa| pATaNa bhaNDAra ke eka vikIrNa tAr3apatra ke ullekhAnusAra eka patra kA mUlya chaH AnA par3atA thaa| saMpuTa phalaka-vyavahAra pIThikA gA. 6 kI TIkA va nizItha cUNi ke anusAra kASThaphalaka para likhI jAne vAlI pustaka ko saMpuTaphalaka kahate haiM / vividha yaMtra, nakze, samavasaraNAdi citra jo kASTha-saMpuTa meM likhe jAeM. ve isI prakAra meM samAviSTa hote haiN| cheda pATI-thor3e pannoM vAlI pustaka ko kahate haiM, jisa prakAra Aja kAgajoM para likhI pustakeM milatI haiN| unakI lambAI kA koI pratibandha nahIM, para moTAI kama huA karatI thiiN| uparyukta sabhI paricaya vikrama kI sAtavIM zatAbdI taka ke likhita pramANa se batalAe gae haiM parantu usa kAla kI likhI huI eka bhI pustaka Aja upalabdha nahIM hai / vartamAna meM jitane bhI grantha upalabdha haiM, pichale eka hajAra varSoM taka ke prAcIna haiN| ataH isa kAla kI lekhana sAmagrI para prakAza DAlA jA rahA hai| lipyAsana-lekhana upAdAna, lekhanapAtra-tAr3apatra, vastra, kAgaja ityAdi / jaisA ki Upara batalAyA hai rAjapraznIya sUtra meM isakA artha maSIbhAjana rUpa meM liyA vastra para likhe granthoM meM dharmavidhi prakaraNa vRtti, kacchalI rAsa aura triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra (aSTama parva) kI prati patrAkAra pAyI jAtI hai jo 25 X 5 iMca kI laMbI-caur3I hai parantu lokanAlikA, ar3hAI dvIpa, jambUdvIpa, navapada, hrIMkAra, ghaNTAkarNa, paMcatIrthIpaTa Adi ke vastrapaTa citra pracura parimANa meM pAye jAte haiN| siddhAcala jI ke paTa to Aja bhI banate haiM aura prAcIna bhI jJAna bhaNDAroM meM bahuta se haiN| jambUdIpa Adi [ 3

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ke paToM meM sabase bar3A paTa kalakattA jaina mandira meM hai| jo 16416 phuTa mApa kA hai| TippaNakAra meM bane karma prakRti, bAraha vrata TIpa, anAnupUrvI, zatrujaya yAtrApaTa Adi 1-2 phuTa se lekara 30-30 phuTa jitane lambe pAye jAte haiM / pATaga bhaNDAra kA saMgrahaNI Tippagaka saM0 1453 kA likhA huA 166411|| ica kA hai / pandrahavIM zatAbdI taka ke prAcIna kaI paMcatIrthI paTa bhI pAye gae haiN| ghaNTAkarNa, RSimaNDala Adi vividha prakAra ke yantra Aja bhI likhe jAte haiM aura mandiroM meM pAye jAte haiM / tAmrapatra para grantha lekhana kA ullekha vasudeva hiNDI jaise prAcIna grantha meM pAyA jAtA hai / sUrata ke Agama-mandira meM tAmra para zAstra likhAe gae haiM / bauddhoM ne hAthI dAMta Adi kA upayoga grantha lekhana meM kiyA hai, para jainoM meM usake kAMbI, granthI, dAvar3A evaM sthApanAcArya (ThavaNI) rUpa meM kiyA hai, grantha lekhana meM nhiiN| isI prakAra se camar3e ke sambandha meM samajhanA cAhie / granthoM ke puDhe, paTar3I, dAvar3e Adi meM usakA upayoga huA hai para grantha-lekhana meM nahIM / bhojapatra para bauddha aura vaidika loga adhikAMza likhA karate the, jaina grantha adyAvadhi eka bhI bhojapatra para likhA nahIM miltaa| hAM, yati logoM ne pichale dotIna sau varSoM meM maMtra-taMtra-yaMtroM meM usakA upayoga bhale kiyA ho| bauddha grantha dhammapada va saMyuktAgama avazya hI bhojapatra para likhe dUsarI se cauthI zatAbdI ke mAne gaye haiN| zilApaTTa para likhe jenetara nATakAdi aneka grantha pAye jAte haiM para jaina granthoM meM unnatizikhara purANa saM0 1226 kA likhA huA vIjolyA meM hai| zrI jinavallabhasUrijI ne citrakUTIya prazasti Adi grantha khudavA kara mandiroM ' meM lagavAyA thaa| isake sivA mandiroM ke pratiSThA lekha, vistRta zlokabaddha prazasti kAvya, kalyANaka paTa, tara paTTikA, sthavirAvalI paTTaka, lokanAla, DhAI dvIpa, zatadalapadma yaMtra paTTaka. samavasaraNa paTTa, naMdIzvara paTTa, zatrujaya, giranArAdi paTTa pracara parimANa meM bane pAye jAte haiN| bIsavIM zatAbdI meM sAgarAnandasUrijI ne pAlItAnA evaM sUrata ke Agama-mandiroM meM sabhI Agama mAla evaM tAmrapaTToM para likhavA diye haiM tathA vartamAna meM samayasArAdi digambara grantha bhI likhavAe jA rahe haiN| vRkSa kI chAla kA upayoga jainetara granthoM meM prApta huA hai| agaru chAla para saM0 1770 meM likhI huI brahmavaivarta purANa kI prati bar3audA ke orieNTala risarca insTITyUTa meM hai| hamAre saMgraha meM kucha baMgalA lipi ke aise grantha haiM jinameM lakar3I ke phalaka kA upayoga huA hai tathA unake pUThe vRkSa kI chAla va vAMsa paTTI ke bane haye haiN| jaina granthoM meM aise upAdAnoM kA upayoga nahIM huA hai| tAr3apatra-ye tAla yA tAr3a vRkSa ke patte haiN| tAr3a vRkSa do prakAra ke hote haiM (1) kharatAr3a aura (2) shriitaadd'| kharatAr3a ke patte lambAI aura caur3AI meM choTe aura caTaka jAne vAle alpAyu ke hote haiM ataH inakA upayoga grantha lekhana meM nahIM hotA / zrI.tAr3a ke vRkSa madrAsa, brahmadeza Adi meM hote haiM jisake patte bar3e cikane, lacIle aura TikAU hote haiM / ye tAr3apatra grantha-lekhana ke kAma Ate haiN| inheM prada ho jAne para sIdhA karake eka sAtha jamIna meM DAla kara sukhAyA jAtA hai jisase inakA rasa dhupa ke sAtha na ur3a kara usI meM rahatA hai aura komalatA A jAtI hai / ye patte lambAI meM 37 iMca taka ke milate haiM / pATana ke bhaNDAra kI prameyakamalamArtaNDa kI prati 37 iMca lambI hai / tAmrapatra, raupyapatra, svarNapatra, kAMsyapatra, paMcadhAtu patrAdi kA prayoga adhikAMza maMtra aura yantra lekhana meM huA hai / rAjAoM ke dAnapatra tAmrapatroM para likhe jAte the| jaina zailI meM navapada yaMtra, viMzatisthAnaka yaMtra, 18 ]

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kAgaja--ise saMskRta meM kAgada yA kadgala nAma se aura gujarAtI meM kAgala nAma se sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai| jaise Ajakala vividha prakAra ke kAgaja Ate haiM; prAcIna kAla meM bhI bhinna-bhinna dezoM meM bane vividha prakAra ke moTe-patale kAgaja hote the| kazmIra, dillI, bihAra, mevAr3a, uttara pradeza (kAnapura ), gujarAta ( ahamadAbAda) khaMbhAtadevagiri (kAgajIpurA), ur3IsA (vAlAsora ) Adi ke vividha jAti ke kAgajoM meM vizeSataH kazmIrI, kAnapurI, ahamadAvAdI vyavahAra meM Ate haiN| kazmIrI kAgaja sarvottama hote haiN| prAcIna jJAnabhaNDAroM meM prApta 14vIM. 15vIM zatAbdI ke kAgaja Aja ke-se bane hue lagate haiM para 18vI, 19vIM zatAbdI ke kAgajoM meM TikAUpana kama hai| mila ke kAgaja to bahuta kama varSa Tika pate haiN| granthAdi sugamatA se likhe jA sakate the| pATaNa bhaNDAra ke vastra para likhita grantha khAdI ko duharA cipakA kara likhA huA hai / Tippagaka-janma-kuNDalI, aNupUrvI, vijJapti-patra, bArahavrataTIpa Adi Scroll kAgaja ke lIroM ko cipakA kara tayAra karate tathA kapar3e ke lambe thAna meM ve AvazyakatAnusAra banA kara usake sAtha cipakA kara yA khAlI kAgaja para likhe jAte the, jina para kie hu1 citrAdi sau-sau phuTa lambe taka ke pAye jAte haiN| sAkhana . kASTha-paTTikA-kASTha kI paTTiyAM kaI prakAra kI hotI thiiN| kASTha kI paTTiyoM ko raMga kara usa para varNamAlA Adi likhI huI 'borakhA pATI' para akSara sIkhanejamAne meM kAma lete the| khar3I miTTI ke ghola se usa para likhA jAtA thA tathA grantha nirmANa ke kacce kharar3e mI pATiyoM para likhe jAte the| uttarAdhyayana vRtti (saM. 1129 ) ko nemicandrAcArya ne paTTikA para likhA thA jise sarva deva gaNi ne pustakArUr3ha kiyA thaa| khotAna pradeza meM kharoSTI lipi meM likhita kaI prAcIna kASTha paTTikAe prApta huI haiN| kAgaja kATanA-Ajakala kI bhA~ti icchita mApa ke kAgaja na vanakara prAcIna kAla meM bane choTe-moTe kAgajoM ko pepara kaTiMga mazInoM ke abhAva meM apanI AvazyakatAnusAra kATanA hotA thA aura unheM vAMsa yA lohe kI cIpoM meM dekara hAtha se kATA jAtA thaa| ghoTAI-grantha-lekhana yogya dezI kAgajoM ko ghoTAI karake kAma meM lete the jisase unake akSara phaTate nahIM the / yadi varasAta kI sIla meM paoNliza utara jAtI to unheM phira se ghoTAI karanI par3atI thI / kAgajoM ko phiTakar3I ke jala meM DUbo kara adhasUkhA hone para akIka kasauTI Adi ke ghaMTe-opaNI se ghoTa kara likhane ke upayukta kara liye jAte the| Ajakala ke mila-kArakhAnoM ke nirmita kAgaja likhane ke kAma nahIM Ate / ve dikhane meM sundara aura camakadAra hone para bhI zIghra gala jAte haiN| lekhanI-Ajakala lekhana kArya phAuNTenapena, DaoNTapena Adi dvArA hone lagA hai para Age holDara. pensila Adi kA adhika pracAra thA / isase pUrva bAMsa, veta, dAlacInI ke aNTa ityAdi se likhA jAtA thaa| Ajakala usakI prathA alpa raha gaI hai, para hastalikhita granthoM ko likhane meM Aja bhI kalama kA upayoga hotA hai / kAgaja. tAr3apatra para likhane ke upayukta ye lekhaniyAM thIM, para karnATaka, siMhala, utkala, brahmadezAdi meM jahAM utkIrNita karake likhA jAtA hai vahA~ lohe kI lekhanI prayukta hotI thii| kAgajoM para yaMtra va lAineM banAne ke liye jujavala kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA jo lohe ke cimaTe ke AkAra kI hotI thii| lauha lekhanI meM donoM tarapha ye bhI lage rahate the / Ajakala ke holDara kI nibeM isI kA vikasita vastrapaTa-kapar3e para yantra, TippaNa Adi ke lie use gehU~ yA cAvala kI leI dvArA chidra vanda hone para sukhAkara ke ghoTAI kara lete / jisa para citra, yaMtra. [ 85

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/ rUpa kahA jA sakatA hai / kalamoM ke ghisa jAne para use cAkU se patalA kara diyA jAtA thA tathA bIca meM khar3A cIrA dene se syAhI usameM se utara Ane meM suvidhA hotI hai| niboM meM yaha prathA kalama ke cIre kA hI rUpa hai| lekhaniyoM ke zubhAzubha kaI prakAra ke guNa doSoM ko batAne vAle zloka pAye jAte haiM jinameM unakI lambAI, raMga, gAMTha Adi se brAhmaNAdi varNa, Ayu, dhana, saMtAnAdi hAni vRddhi Adi ke phalAphala likhe haiM unakI parIkSA paddhati tAr3apatrIya yuga kI pustakoM se calI A rahI hai / ratnaparIkSA meM ratnoM ke zveta, pIta. lAla aura kAle raMga brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya, zUdra kI bhA~ti lekhanI ke bhI varNa samajhanA cAhie / isakA upayoga kaise va kisa prakAra karanA, isakA purAnA vidhAna tatkAlIna vizvAsa va prathAoM para prakAza DAlatA hai| vataraNA-lekhanI-kalama kI bhA~ti yaha zabda mI likhane ke sAdhana kA dyotaka hai / lipi ko lipyAsana para 'avataraNa karane ke saMskRta zabda se yaha zabda bananA saMbhava hai| kASTha kI pATI jise teliyA pATI kahate the, dhUla DAla kara likhane kA sAdhana vataraNA thA / phira sleTa kI pATI para vaTIna va gatte kI pATI para likhane kI sleTa peMsila ko bhI bhASA meM vataraNA kahate haiM / lalitavistara ke lipizAlA saMdarzana parivarta meM 'varNAtiraka' se vataraNA banane kA kucha loga anumAna karate haiM / thaa| vividha zilpI loga bhI isakA upayoga karate haiN| oliyA phAMTiyAM-kAgaja kI pratiyAM likhate samaya sIdhI lakIreM jisake prayoga meM AtI hai vaha gujarAta meM oliyA va rAjasthAna meM phAMTiyA kahalAtA hai| lakar3I ke phalaka yA gatte ke majabUta pUThe para cheda kara majavUta sIdhI DorI choTe bar3e akSaroM ke caur3e-saMkare antarAnusAra ubhaya pakSa meM kasakara bAMdha dI jAtI hai aura usa para imalI, cAvala yA raMga-rogana lagAkara taiyAra kiye phAMTiye para kAgaja ko rakha kara aMguliyoM dvArA TAna kara lakIra cinhita kara lI jAtI hai| tADapatrIya pratiyoM para phAMTiye kA upayoga na hokara choTI-sI vindu sIdhI lakIra Ane ke lie kara dI jAtI thii| zrAvakAticAra meM lekhana-jJAnopakaraNa meM ise oliyA likhA hai| rAjasthAna meM Ajakala kAgaja ke lambe Tukar3e ko oliyA kahate haiM jisa para ciTThI likhI jAtI hai| kavikA-tAr3apatrIya lekhanopakaraNa ke prasaMga meM Upara kAMbI ke viSaya meM batalAyA jA cukA hai / Ajakala phuTa kI bhAMti capaTI hone se mApa karake hAMsiye kI lakIra khIMcane va Upara aMguliyA~ rakha kara likhane ke prayoga meM Ane vAlA yaha upakaraNa hai / yaha vAMsa, hAthIdAMta yA candana kASThAdika kI hotI hai| . jujavala-isa viSaya meM Upara lekhanI ke saMdarbha meM likhA jA cukA hai / isakA svatantra astitva thA aura saMskRta 'yugabala' zabda se isakI vyutpatti saMbhava hai| yaha cimaTe ke AkAra kI donoM ora lagI lekhanI vAlI loha-lekhanI thI / purAne lahiye isakA prayoga lekhana samaya meM hAMsiyA Adi kI lAla lakIreM khIMcane meM kiyA karate the| lipi kI svarUpa darzikA-syAhI yA raMga-pustaka likhane ke aneka prakAra ke raMga yA syAhI meM kAlA raMga pradhAna hai| sonA, cAMdI aura lAla syAhI se bhI grantha likhe jAte haiM para sonA, cAMdI kI maharcyatA ke kAraNa usakA prayoga atyalpa parimANa meM hI viziSTa zAstra lekhana meM zrImantoM dvArA hotA thA / lAla raMga kA prayoga bIca-bIca meM prakaraNa samApti va hAMsie kI rekhA meM tathA citrAdi Alekhana meM sabhI raMgoM kA prayoga hotA thaa| eka dUsare raMga ke mizraNa dvArA kaI raMga taiyAra ho jAte haiN| pUrvakAla meM tAr3apatra, kAgaja Adi para lekhana hetu kisa prakAra syAhI banatI thIM-isa para saMkSipta prakAza DAlA jAtA prAkAra-citrapaTa, yaMtra Adi lekhana meM gola AkRti banAne meM Ajakala ke kampAsa kI bhA~ti prayoga meM AtA 86 ]

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hai / tAr3a-patra kAncha kI jAti hai. jaba ki kAgaja va vastra usase bhinna hai| ataH prakRti bhinnatA ke kAraNa tadanukUla syAhI kI rAsAyanika vidhi bhinna honA svAbhAvika hai / Ajakala tAr3a-patra lekhana pracalita na hone se usakI syAhI kA svarUpa prAcIna ullekhoM pr| AdhArita hai| prathama prakAra-kAMToseriyA (dhamAsA ), jala bhAMgarA kA rasa. triphalA, kasIsa, lauhacUrNa ko ukAla kara, kvAtha vanA kara, galI ke rasa ko barAbara parimANa meM milA kara kAgaja va vIjAvola milAne se tAr3a-patra lekhana-yogya syAhI banatI hai / inheM tAMbe kI kar3hAI meM ghoTa kara eka rasa kara lenA caahie| paMcama prakAra brahmadeza, karnATaka, utkalAdi dezoM meM tAr3apatra lohe kI sUI se kora kara likhe jAte haiM / unameM akSaroM meM kAlA raMga lAne ke liye nAriyala kI TopasI yA bAdAma ke chilakoM ko jalA kara, tela meM milAkara lagA denA / poMchane se tAr3apatra sApha ho jaayegaa| akSaroM meM kAlApana A jaayegaa| kAgaja aura kapar3oM para likhane yogya kAlI syAhI: (1) jitanA kAjala utanA bola, tethI dUNA gUMda jhakola / jo rasa bhAMgarA no par3e, to akSare akSare dIvA bale / / dvitIya prakAra-kAgaja, poyaNa, vIjAvola, bhUmitalA, jalabhAMgarA aura pAre ko uvalate hue pAnI meM milAkara tAve kI kar3hAI meM sAta dina taka ghoTa kara eka rasa kara lenA caahiye| phira usakI var3iyAM vanA, unheM kUTa kara rkheN| phira java Avazyaka ho unheM garama pAnI meM khUba masala kara syAhI banA lenA caahiye| tRtIya prakAra-kore kAjala ko miTTI ke kore sikore meM aMgulI se masala kara usakI cikanAI miTA denA / thor3e se gomUtra meM bhigo dene se bhI cikanAsa miTa jAtI hai / phira use niMba yA khaira ke gUnda ke sAtha vIArasa meM bhigo kara khUba ghottn| / phira var3I sukhA kara Upara kI bhAMti karanA / (2) kAjala se AdhA gUMda, gUMda se AdhA vIjAbola, lAkSArasa. vIyArasa ke sAtha tAMbe kebhAjana meM mardana karane se kAlI syAhI hotI hai| (3) vIAvola anai lakvAisa, kajjala vajjala nai aMbArasa // bhojarAja misI nipAI. pAnau phATai nisI navi jAI / (8) lAkha TAMka vIsa mela, svAga TAMka pAMca mela, nIra TAMka do saura leI hAMDI meM car3hAiye / jo lauM Aga dIje to lauM aura khAra saba lIje. loda khAra bAla vAla pIsa ke rakhAiye / mIThA tela dIpa jAra kAjala sole utAra, nIkI vidhi pichAnI ke aise hI banAiye / cAhaka catura nara likha ke anUpa grantha, bAMca bAMca vAMca rijharijha mauja paaiye| (5) syAhI pakkI karane kI vidhi-lAkha cokho yA cIpaDI paisA 6, tIna sera pAnI meM DAlanA, suhAgA paisA 2 DAlanA, loda paisA 3. pAnI tIna pAva, phira kAjala paisA 1 ghoTa ke sukhA denaa| phira zItala jala meM bhiMgo kara syAhI pakkI kara lenaa| caturtha prakAra-gUda, nIMba ke gUMda se dugunA bIjAbola usase dugunA kAjala (tila ke tela se pAr3A huA) ko ghoTa kara gomUtra ke sAtha AMca denA, pAtra tAmra kA honA caahiye| sUkhane para thor3A-thor3A pAnI dete rahe va pAMca tolA eka dina parimANa se ghoTakara loda, sAjIkhAra yukta lAkSArasa milaanaa| gomUtra meM dhoye bhIlAmA cUMTA ke nIce lagAnA / phira kAle bhAMgarA ke rasa ke sAtha mardana karane se uttama syAhI banatI hai| (6) kAjala 6 TAMka, bIjAbola 12 TAMka, khera kA gaMda 36 TAMka. aphIma AdhA TAMka, alatA pothI 3 TAMka [87

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phiTakar3I kaccI // TAMka. nIma ke ghoTe se 7 dina tAmrapAtra meM ghottnaa| phira sukhA kara Tikar3I kI huI syAhI ko AvazyakatAnusAra pAnI meM ghola kara kAma meM lenA caahie| mizrI ke pAnI kI apekSA nIMbU kA rasa prayukta karanA adhika upayogI hai| aSTagandhaH agara, tagara, gorocana, kastUrI, rakta candana, candana. siMdUra aura kezara ke mizraNa se aSTagandha banatA hai| kapUra, kastUrI, gorocana, sigarapha, kezara, candana, agara, gehUMlA se bhI aSTagandha banAyA jAtA hai / ina sabhI prakAroM meM prathama prakAra upayogI aura susAdhya hai| kapar3e ke TippaNaka ke lie vIjAbola se dugunA gUMda, gaMda se dugunI kAjala nIlI syAhI do prahara mardana karane se vajravat ho jAtI hai| sundara aura TikAU pustaka lekhana ke liye kAgaja kI zreSThatA jitanI Avazyaka hai utanI hI syAhI kI bhI hai| anyathA pramANopeta vidhivat na banI huI syAhI ke padArtha rAsAyanika vikRti dvArA kAgaja ko galA detI hai, cipakA detI hai, jarjara kara detI hai / eka hI prati ke kaI panne acchI sthiti meM hote haiM aura kucha panne jarjarita ho jAte haiM, isameM lahiyA logoM kI ajJAnatA se yA Adatana gAr3hI syAhI karane ke liye lauhacUrNa, bIyArasa Adi DAla dete haiM jisase pustaka kAlI par3a jAtI hai, vikRta ho jAtI hai / sunaharI rUpahalI syAhI: yakSa-kadamaH candana, kezara, agara, basa, kastUrI, maracakaMkola, gorocana, hiMgula, ratajana, sunahare barka aura aMvara ke mizraNa se yakSa-kardama banatA hai| aSTagandha aura yakSa-kadama gulAba jala ke sAtha ghoTate haiM aura inakA upayoga maMtra, yaMtra. taMtrAdi likhane meM, pUjA pratiSThAdi meM kAma AtA hai| sonA aura cA~dI kI syAhI banAne ke liye varka ko kharala meM DAla kara dhava ke gaMda ke svaccha jala ke sAtha khUba ghoTate jAnA cAhie / bArIka cUrNa ho jAne para mizrI kA pAnI DAla kara khUba hilAnA cAhie / svarNacUrNa nIce baiTha jAne se pAnI ko dhIre-dhIre nikAla denA cAhie / tIna-cAra bAra dhulAI para gUMda nikala jAegA aura sunaharI yA rUpahalI syAhI taiyAra ho jaaegii| maSI-syAhI zabda kAle raMga kI syAhI kA dyotaka hone para bhI hare raMga ke sAtha isakA vacana prayoga-rUdra ho gyaa| lAla syAhI, sunaharI syAhI, harI syAhI Adi isI prakAra baMgAla meM lAla kAlI, blakAlI Adi kahate haiN| syAhI aura kAlI zabda ye hareka raMga vAlI lipi kI svarUpadarzikA ke lie prayukta hote haiM ! lAla syAhI: hiMgalu ko kharala meM mizrI ke pAnI ke sAtha khUba ghoTa kara Upara Ate hae pIlAsa liye huye pAnI ko nikAla denA / isa taraha dasa-pandraha bAra karane se pIlAsa nikala kara zuddha lAla raMga ho jaaegaa| phira use mizrI aura gaMda ke pAnI ke sAtha ghoTa kara eka rasa kara lenaa| citrakalA ke raMga : sacitra pustaka lekhana meM citra banAne ke lie Upara likhita kAle, lAla, sunahare, rUpahale raMgoM ke atirikta haratAla aura saphedA kA bhI upayoga hotA thA / dUsare raMgoM ke lie bhI vidhi hai| haratAla aura hiMgula milAne para nAraMgI raMga, hiMgula aura saphedA milAne se gulAbI raMga, haratAla aura kAlI syAhI milA kara nIlA raMga banatA thA / 7]

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(1) saphedA 4 TAMka va pevar3I 1 TAMka va siMdUra || TAMka se gaura vrnn| (2) siMdUra 8 TAMka va pothI galI? TAMka se khArika rNg| (3) haratAla 1 TAMka va galI AdhA TAMka se nIlA rNg| (4) saphedA 1 TAMka va alatA AdhA TAMka se gulAbI rNg| (5) saphedA 1 TAMka va galI 1 TAMka se AsamAnI rNg| (6) siMdUra 1 TAMka va pevar3I AdhA TAMka se nAraMgI raMga hotA hai| hastalikhita grantha para citra banAne ke lie ina raMgoM ke sAtha goMda kA svaccha jala milAyA jAtA hai| isake atirikta vibhinna citrakalA ke yogya raMgoM ke nirmANa kI vidhi ke pacAsoM prayoga purAne patroM meM likhe pAye jAte haiN| jaina lipi kI paramparA bhagavAn mahAvIra kA vihAra adhikAMza bihAra prAnta ( aMga-magadha-videha Adi ), baMgAla aura uttara pradeza meM huA thA / ataH ve arddhamAgadhI bhASA meM upadeza dete the| jainoM kA sambandha magadha se adhika thA / jainAgamoM kI bhASA prAkRta hai. digambara sAhitya saurasenI prAkRta meM aura zvetAmbara Agama mahArASTrI prAkRta meM haiN| jisa prakAra prAkRta se apabhraza ke mAdhyama se hindI, rAjasthAnI. gujarAtI Adi anya bhASAeM huI. usI prakAra baMgalA bhASA aura lipi kA udgama bhI prAkRta se huA hai / magadha se par3I mAtrA kA prayoga baMgalA meM gyaa| jaba bAraha varSI duSkAla par3e to jaina zramaNa saMgha dakSiNa aura pazcima dezoM meM calA gayA. parantu apanI lipi brAhmI se gupta, kuTila aura devanAgarI ke vikAsa meM brAhmI-devanAgarI meM brAhmI-baMgalA kA prabhAva letA gyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki saikar3oM varSoM taka par3I mAtrA kA jainoM meM pracalana rhaa| baMgalA lipi meM Aja bhI par3I mAtrA hai| ataH prAcIna jaina lipi ke abhyAsI ke lie baMgalA lipi kA jJAna bar3A sahAyaka hai| jisaprakAra brAhmI-devanAgarI lipi meM jalavAyudezapaddhati aura zikSaka dvArA prastuta akSara jamAne ke upakaraNoM kI lipi vividhatA, ruci-bhinnatA ke anyAnya maror3a ke kAraNa aneka rUpoM meM prAntIya lipiyAM vibhakta ho gayIM, usI prakAra jaina lipi meM bhI yatiyoM kI lipi, kharataragacchIya lipi, mAravAr3I lahiyoM kI lipi, gujarAtI lahiyoM kI lipi-paramparA pAyI jAtI hai / koI gola akSara, koI khar3e akSara, koI baiThe akSara, koI halanta kI bhA~ti pUMcha vAle akSara, to kaI kalAtmaka alaMkRtAkSara, koI Tukar3e-Tukar3e rUpa meM likhe va koI ghasITaveM akSara , likhane ke abhyasta the| eka hI zatAbdI ke likhe brAhmaNa. kAyasthAdi kI lipi meM to jaina lipi se mahada antara hai hI, jaina lipi meM bhI lekhanakAla nirNaya karane meM bahuta sAvadhAnI aura satarkatA Avazyaka hai| lekhana sauSThava: sIdhI lakIra meM saghana gola, eka dUsare se alagna, zIrSa mAtrAdi akhaNDa eka jaise, na khAlI, na bhIr3a-bhAr3a vAle akSara likhane vAle lekhaka bhI Adarza aura unakI lipi bhI Adarza kahalAtI hai| jaina zailI meM isa ora vizeSa dhyAna diyA gayA hai jisase pichalI zatAbdiyoM meM kramazaH lekhanakalA vikasita hotI gaI thii| lipi kA mApa-kATiye dvArA yatheccha eka mApa kI paMktiyoM meM lagabhaga tRtIyAMza yA isase kama-beza aMtara rakha kara eka samAna sundara akSaroM se pratiyAM likhI jAtI thIM jisase akSara gaNanA karane vAle ko suvidhA rahatI aura akSara bhI sarala, suvAcya aura nayanAbhirAma lagate the| par3I mAtrA-brAhmI lipi se jaba vartamAna lipiyoM kA vikAsa huA, mAtrAe~ sUkSma rUpa meM athavA svara saMlagna saMketa se likhI jAtI thiiN| ve apanA baDA rUpa dhAraNa karane lagI aura vartamAna meM akSara vyaMjana ke catudika [89

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likhI jAne lagIM / pRSThi mAtrA, apamAtrA, UrdhvamAtrA meM 'u, U' kI agramAtrA 'ru.rU' ke atirikta adhomAtrA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA / pRSThi mAtrA meM hrasva ikArAnta saMketa ke atirikta Urdhva aura agramAtrA bana gaI hai, jaise ke, ke, ko, kau / jabaki prAcIna kAla meM baMgalA lipi kI bhA~ti ki, ke, kA, ko likhe jAte the, dIrgha IkAra kA saMketa aparivartita hI rahA / saMyuktAkSara evaM mAtrAoM ke prayoga ke kAraNa akSaroM ke mApa meM antara A jAnA svAbhAvika thA astu, par3I mAtrA likhane kI paddhati prAyaH satarahavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt lupta ho gaI / jaina lekhaka : jaina sAhitya ke parizIlana se vidita hotA hai ki jaina vidvAnoM-zrutadharoM ne jo vizAla sAhitya-racanA kI unheM ve pahale kASThapaTTikA para likha kara phira tAr3apatra, kAgaja Adi para utArate the| zrI devabhadrAcArya ne jisa kASThotkIrga paTTikA para mahAvIra caritra, pArzvanAtha caritrAdi likhe the ve unhoMne somacandra muni ( zrIjinadattasUrijI) ko bheMTa kiye the / ataH ina vastuoM kA bar3A mahatva thA / granthakAra apane mahAna granthoM ko svayaM likhate yA apane AjJAMkita ziSya varga se prathamAdarza pustikA likhavAte. jinakA ullekha kitane hI granthoM kI prazastiyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| maNidhArI jinacandrasUri, sthiracandra, brahmadatta Adi kI likhita pratiyAM Aja bhI upalabdha haiN| zrI jinamadrasUri, kamalasaMyamopAdhyAya, yugapradhAna zrI jinacandrasUri, samayasundaropAdhyAya, guNavinayopAdhyAya, yazovijaya upAdhyAya. vinayavijaya, nayavijaya, kIrtivijaya, jinaharSagaNi, kSamAkalyANopAdhyAya, jJAnasAra gaNi Adi bahusaMkhyaka vidvAnoM ke svayaM hastalikhita grantha upalabdha haiM | jaina yati-muniyoM, sAdhviyoM Adi ke atirikta zrImanta zrAvakoM dvArA lahiyA logoM se likhavAI huI bahuta-sI pratiyAM haiM / isa prakAra jaina jJAnabhaNDAroM meM lAkhoM prAcIna grantha Aja bhI vidyamAna haiN| pustakoM ke lipika lahie kAyastha, brAhmaNa, nAgara, mahAtmA, bhojaka Adi jAti ke hote the, jinakA pezA hI likhane kA thA aura una saikar3oM parivAroM kI AjIvikA jainAcAryoM va jaina zrImantoM ke Azraya se calatI thii| ve jaina lipi va lekhana paddhati ke paramparAgata abhijJa the aura jaina lahiyA-jaina lekhaka kahalAne meM apanA gaurava samajhate the| mahArAjA zrIharSa, siddharAja jayasiMha, rAjA bhoja. mahArAgA kumbhA Adi vidyAvilAsI narezvaroM ko chor3a kara eka jaina jAti hI aisI thI jisake eka-eka vyakti ne jJAna bhaNDAroM ke liye lAkhoM rupaye lagA kara advitIya jJAnopAsanA-zrutabhakti kI hai| lAkhoM granthoM ke naSTa ho jAne va videza cale jAne para bhI Aja jo grantha-bhaNDAra jainoM ke pAsa haiM ve bar3e gaurava kI vastu haiN| jJAnapaMcamI kA ArAdhana evaM sAta kSetroM meM tathA svatantra jJAna dravya kI mAnyatA se isa ora paryApta jJAna sevA samRddha huii| sAdhu-yatijanoM ko svAdhyAya karanA anivArya hai / zruta lekhana svAdhyAya hai aura isIliye itane "grantha milate haiM / Aja ke mudraNa yuga meM bhI sundara lipi meM grantha likhavAkara rakhane kI paripATI kitane hI jainAcArya munigaNa nibhAte A rahe haiM / terApanthI zramaNoM meM Aja bhI lekhana kalA unnata dekhI jAtI hai kyoMki unameM hasta likhita grantha likhane aura varSa meM amuka-parimANa meM lekhana-svAdhyAya kI pUrti karanA anivArya hai / lekhaka ke guNa-doSa : lekha paddhati ke anusAra lekhaka sundara akSara likhane vAlA, aneka lipiyoM kA abhijJa, zAstrajJa aura sarvabhASA vizArada honA cAhie, tAki vaha grantha ko zuddha avikala likha sake / medhAvI, vAkapaTu, dhairyavAn-jitendriya, avyasanI. svaparazAstrajJa aura halke hAtha se likhane vAlA sulekhaka hai ! jo lekhaka syAhI girA detA ho. lekhanI tor3a detA ho, AsapAsa kI jamIna vigAr3atA ho, dAvAta meM kalama Dabote samaya usakI noka tor3a detA 90]

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ho vaha apalakSaNI aura kUTa lekhaka batalAyA gayA hai| lekhaka kI sAdhana sAmagrI: akSara likhate chor3a kara yA alaga kAgaja para likha ke uTate the| avaziSTa akSara likhate hue uTha jAne para unheM pustaka ke kaTa jAne, jantu dvArA khA jAne tathA naSTa ho jAne ke vividha saMdeha rahate the| ina vizvAsoM kA vAstavikatA se kyA sambandha hai kahA nahIM jA sktaa| lekhaka kI niSitA: jisa prakAra granthakAra apanI racanA meM huI skhalanA ke lie kSamAprArthI banatA hai vaise hI lekhaka apanI paristhiti aura niStiA prakaTa karane vAle zloka likhatA hai grantha lekhana ke hetu pItala ke kalamadAna aura eka viziSTa prakAra ke lakar3I yA kUTe ke kalamadAnoM meM lekhana sAmagrI kA saMgraha rahatA thaa| hamAre saMgraha meM aisA eka sacitra kUTe kA kalamadAna hai jisa para dakSiNI zailI se sundara kRSNalIlA kA citrAMkana kiyA huA hai| eka sAde kalamadAna | meM purAnI lekhana sAmagrI kA bhI saMgraha hai| yaha lekhana sAmagrI vividha prakAra kI hotI thI jisakA varNana Upara kiyA jA cukA hai| eka zloka meM 'ka' akSara vAlI17 vastuoM kI sUcI ullikhita hai (1) kuMpI ( dAvAta ). (2) kAjala (syAhI). (3) keza (sira ke vAla yA rezama), (8) kuza-darbha, (5) kam:la. (6) kAMbI. (7) kalama. (8) kRpANikA (churI), (9) kataranI (kaiMcI), (10) kASThapaTTikA, (11) kAgaja. (12) kIkI AMkhe. (13) koTar3I (kamarA). (14) kalamadAna, (15) kramaNa-paira, (16) kaTi-kamara aura (17) kNkdd'| inameM A~kha, paira aura kamara kI majabUtI Avazyaka hai| baiThane ke lie kaMbala-darbhAsana va koTharI-kamarA ke atirikta avaziSTa sTezanarI lekhana sAmagrI hai| lahiye loga vividha prakAra ke AsanoM meM va vividha prakAra se kalama pakar3a kara yA pratiyA~ rakha kara likhane ke abhyasta hone se apane lekhanAnukUla kalama ko apara vyakti ko dene meM hAni samajhate the| ataH pustakoM kI puSpikA ke sAtha nimna subhASita likha diyA karate thelekhanI pustikA rAmA parahaste gatA gtaa| kadAcit punarAyAtA naSTA bhraSTA ca dharmitA (yA cumbitA) // yAdRzaM pustake dRSTaM tAdRzaM likhitaM mayA / yadi zuddhamazuddhaM vA mama doSo 'na dIyate / / bhagnapRSTha - kaTigrIvA * vakradRSTiradhomukham / kaSTena likhitaM zAstraM yatnena paripAlayet // baddhamuSTi * kaTigrIvA - vakradRSTiradhomukham / kaSTena likhitaM zAstraM yatnena pratipAlayet // ityAdi / bhrAMtimUlaka azuddhiyAM: . prAcIna pratiyoM kI nakala karate samaya lipi alpajJatA se yA bhrAMta paThana se, akSarAkRti sAmya yA saMyuktAkSaroM kI durUhatA se anekazaH azuddha paramparA cala par3atI thii| eka zabda ke aneka artha hote haiM, milate-julate azuddha vAkyoM ko zuddha karane para navIna pAThAntaroM kI sRSTi ho jAtI, jisakA saMzodhana kisI anubhavI vidvAn saMzodhaka ke hAthoM par3ane para hI saMbhava hotA / 'ccha' kA 'ttha' aura 'ttha" kA 'ccha' ho jAnA to mAmUlI bAta thii| grantha lekhanAraMbha lekhana virAma: likhate samaya yadi chor3a kara uThanA par3e to ve apane vizvAsa ke anusAra 'gha jha Ta Da ta pa ba la va za' bhAratIya saMskRti meM na kevala grantha racanA meM hI kintu grantha lekhana ke samaya lahiye loga sarvaprathama maMgalAcaraNa karate the. yaha ciraparipATI hai / jaina lekhaka "OM namaH, aiM namaH, namo jinAya, namaH zrI gurubhyaH, namo [ 91

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lekhakoM dvArA aMka prayoga : vItarAgAya, jayatyanekAntakaNThIravaH, OM namaH sarasvatyai, OM namaH sarvajJAya, namaH zrIsiddhArthasutAya" ityAdi apane deva, guru, dharma, iSTadeva ke nAma maMgala ke nimitta likhate the / jaina maMgalAcaraNa kA sArvatrika pracAra na kevala bhArata meM hI balki, cIna, tibvata taka meM likhe granthoM meM kAtantra vyAkaraNa kA 'OM namaH siddha' pracuratA se pracalita huA thaa| prAcIna lipiyoM ke prAraMbhika maMgala-cinha zilAlekhoM meM, tADapatrIya granthoM meM va paramparA se calate hue arthana samajhane para bhI rUr3ha ho gaye the / brAhmI lipi ke OMkAra, ai kAra sahasrAbdI paryanta calate rahe aura Aja bhI grantha lekhana ke prArambha meM unhIM vividha rUpoM ko likhane kI paramparA cala rahI hai / bhAratIya prAcIna lipi mAlA evaM prAcIna zilAlekhoM va granthoM se una maMgalacinhoM kA vikAsa cArutayA parilakSita hotA hai. | rAjasthAna meM sarvatra kAtantra vyAkaraNa kA prathama apabhraSTa pATha var3e hI manoraMjaka rUpa meM baccoM ko raTAyA jAtA thA / yadyapi grantha kI patra saMkhyA Adi likhane ke liye aMkoM kA prayoga prAcIna kAla se hotA AyA hai para, sAtha-sAtha romana lipi kI bhA~ti, I II III IV.V Adi sAMketika aMka praNAlI bhI nAgarI lipi meM pracalita thI,' jisake saMketa apane DhaMga ke alaga the| tADapatrIya granthoM meM aura usake pazcAt kAgaja ke granthoM meM bhI isakA upayoga kiye jAne kI prathA thI / patra ke dAhinI ora akSarAtmaka aMka saMketa va vAyIM tarapha aMka likhe rahate the| yaha paddhati jaina cheda AgamoM. caNiyoM meM eka jaise pAThoM meM prAyazcitta va mAMgoM ke liye bhI prayukta huI hai / jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa kRta jItakalpasUtra ke bhASya meM sUtra kI mUla gAthAoM ke aMka akSarAtmaka aMkoM meM diye haiM / isa paddhati ke jJAna binA mUla prati kI nakala karane vAloM dvArA bhayaMkara bhUla ho jAne kI saMbhAvanA hai / isa prathA kA eka dUsarA rUpa nevArI granthoM meM dekhA gayA hai / vAta yaha hai ki zrI motIcandajI khajAncI ke saMgraha kI eka prati ko jaba 1900 varSa prAcIna vatAyA gayA to asaMbhava hote huye bhI maiMne svayaM use dekhanA cAhA / prati dekhane para rAja khulA ki saMvat vAlA aMka 1 baMgalA lipi kA 7 thA jo ki patrAMkoM kA para dI huI ubhayapakSa kI saMkhyA se samarthita ho gayA / isa prakAra 600 varSa kA antara nikala gayA aura nevArI saMvat va vikrama saMvata kA aMka nikAlane para usakI yathArtha miti patalA kara bhrAMti miTA dI gaI / astu / hameM jaina lekhakoM dvArA akSarAtmaka aMka saMketoM kA samIcIna jJAna prApta karane hetu usakI tAlikA jAna lenA Avazyaka samajha kara yahA~ dI jA rahI hai sA . lekhakoM kI grantha lekhana samApti : grantha lekhana samApta hone para grantha kI parisamApti sUcana karane ke pazcAt lekhaka saMvat puSpikA likha / kara "zubhaMbhavatu. kalyANamastu, maMgalaM mahAzrI lekhakaH pAThakayoH zubhaMbhavatu, zubhaM bhavatu saMghasya," Adi vAkya likha kara "chH||" ba|| AkRtiyA~ likhA karate the jo pUrNakumbha jaise saMketa hone kA muni zrI puNyavijayajI ne anumAna kiyA hai / aura bhI prAcIna granthoM meM vibhinna cinha aura akSaroM para geru Adi lAla raMga se raMjita granthoM ke antima patra pAye jAte haiN| grantha ke adhyayana, khaNDa, uddezya. sarga, pariccheda, ucchavAsa, labhaka, kANDa Adi kI parisamApti para sahaja dhyAna AkRSTa karane hetu bhI ina cinhoM kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| 92

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70 mArya yA 1 - 1, 3, ba, zrI.zrI 2 = 2, na, si.ni.zrI zrI 3% 3.maH,zrI, zrI thI, 4- kakka, saphA rphakoM ka, kA, ka, krA, kA, 5- hataM, I I tAle, na nA kAhI nAhI 6% pha..phA,,mArfa,phrA,oN,,kaphIsa. kI,kAhI. e ... dazaka maLe zataka aMko 1 = la, le . 1- sa, rsa 2 - gha, cA. 2- sU, sta, na. 3% la, lA. 4- pta, taM, tA,tA. 3= snA, sA, sA. 4- pastA,sA,sA. 58.8.6,2. 4- sto, so bo. 6- cu, 6- staM, svaM, saM. 7- staH,sAsa. 9-8.8,0.8 DTV yahAM ikAI, dahAI aura saikar3oM kI saMkhyA likhane ke samaya pRthak-pRthaka aMka diye gaye haiN| patrAMka likhane meM unakA usI prakAra upayoga hotA hai tAki saMkhyA kA sahI Akalana kiyA jA sake | cAlU aMka sIdhI lAina meM likhe jAte haiM, parantu tADapatrIya va uso zailo ke kAgaja ke granthoM kA patrAMka dete samaya Upara nIce likhane kI prathA thii| jena cheda sUtra Adi meM va bhASya, cUrNi, vizeSa cUNi, TIkA Adi meM akSarAMka sIdhI paMkti meM hI likhe gae haiN| [ 93

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uparyukta tAlikA ke anusAra ikAI, dahAI aura saikar3oM ke sva10. O 31-1-1 14, tha ch thA 21. e 24, phrA26, 28: tha Pyo, 4 pra l' Hd * le g 72. kR. .900, 145, 174 : ta nU eka 45. sti20, 6 77; m eka 40. lA lA yaha tADapatrIya patrAMka lekhana paddhati kAgaja para likhe granthoM para calI AtI thI kintu kaI kAgaja kI pratiyoM 50 O 30, ka 3EUR 3 3 aMka kA upayoga isa prakAra kiyA jAtA thA 6 e kA 200227 gra trizatI nAmaka gaNita viSayaka saMgraha grantha meM jaina 'aMke' rUpa meM eka se dasa hajAra taka ke akSarAMka likhe haiN| uparyukta tAlikA meM Aye hue eka se tIna sau taka ke aMkoM ke pazcAt adhika kI tAlikA yahAM dI jAtI hai 94 ] 14 sva 100 0 1 0 sto stA sto si sto maM * 800. lR 415, dhU 474 : 0 500, . you 35 45EUR, gyco E, eka 5 phra lu 0 co. & cc. & vo, & eo. ff. 50. 27. Dao VEDEO SE 266. staM staM ma: 637647, dhu EEV 700 722743. dhU jajajapnij 2 3 gra laM 18 jdd': sva sva 115. lR we: stA stA 300, pra 347; jjA meM ikAI, dahAI, saikar3oM ke saMketa na vyavahRta kara kevala ikAI akSarAMkoM kA bhI vyavahAra huA hai| yathA eka400. sva sti1240 eka ityAdi 800, staM 900, " stu 400 te 500, stei 600, stA 700 sto staH 1000, kSu 2000, kSa3000, kSA 6000, kSA7000 AkSo 8000, 4000 5000 9000 10000 iti gaNitasaMkhyA jainAGgAnAM samAptA /

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ina akSarAtmaka aMkoM kI utpatti Adi kaise huI yaha batA sakanA kaThina hai. para prArambha ke tIna akSaroM ke lie likhe jAte sva, svi, sti. zrI athavA UM namaH yA zrI zrI zrI ye maMgalIka ke lie prayukta akSaroM se prArambha huA vidita hotA hai| Age ke saMketoM kA vAstavika bIja kyA hai zodhakara vAstavika nirNaya meM aba taka vidvAnoM kI kalpanA saphala nahIM ho sakI hai| indu, caMdra, zItAMzu. zItarazmi, sitaruca, himakara, soma, zazAMka,sudhAMzu, nizeza, nizAkara, kSapAkara, auSadhIza, dAkSAyaNI prANeza, abja, (candravAcaka anya zabda bhI). bhU. bhUmi, kSiti, kSamA, dharA, vasudhA, basundharA, urvarA, go, pRthvI. dharaNI, ilA. ku. mahI ( pRthvI vAcaka anya zabda bhI ). jevAkRta ityaadi| zUnyAMka : jaina cheda AgamoM kI cUrNi meM jahAM mAsa, laghu mAsa, guru, caturlaghu, caturguru, SaDlaghu, SaDguru prAyazcita ke saMketa likhe haiM vahAM usa saMkhyA kA nideza eka, cara, chaH zUnya ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai / yathA0 . 00 0 00. .... 00 . 000. ..' 2. yama. yamala, yugala. dvaMdva, yugma, dvaya. pakSa, azvina, nAsatya, dastra, locana, netra. nayana. ikSaNa, akSi. dRSTi, cakSa, (netra vAcaka anya zabda bhI), karNa, zruti, zrota, (kAna vAcaka zabda), vAhu, va.ra, hasta, pAgI, doSa, bhuja. (hAtha vAcaka zabda samUha), karNa, kuca, oSTha, gulpha, jAnu. jaMghA, (zarIra ke yugma avayava vAcaka anya zabda), ayana. kuTumTha, ravicandrau ityAdi / isa prakAra khAlI zUnya laghatA sUcaka aura kAle bhare zUnya gurutva sUcaka haiM / zabdAtmaka aMka : jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayanAdi meM vaidika granthoM evaM jyotiSa chaMdAdi vividha viSayaka granthoM meM. zilAlekhoM. grantha-prazastiyoM va puSpikAoM meM zabdAMkoM kA prayoga prAcIna kAla se calA AtA hai| kucha sArvajanika aura kucha sAMpradAyika, pAribhASika, dhArmika, vyAvahArika vastuoM ke bheda kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para rUDha zabdAMkoM kA binA bheda-bhAva se granthakAroM, kaviyoM aura lekhakoM ne unmukta prayoga kiyA hai. jisakI tAlikA vahuta bar3I taiyAra ho sakatI hai| yahA~ jisa-jisa aMka ke lie jina zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai use diyA jA rahA hai 3. rAma, tripadI, trikAla, trigata, trinetra. loka, jagata. bhuvana, (vizva vAcaka zabda samUha ), guNa, kAla, sahodarA, anala, agni, vahni, jvalana, pAvaka, vaizvAnara, dahana, tapana, hutAzana, zikhina, kRzAnu, ( agni vAcaka anya zabda samUha ), tatva, traita, hotR, zakti, puSkara, saMdhyA, brahmA, varNa, svara, puruSa, vacana, artha. gupti ityAdi / 4. veda, zruti, samudra, sAgara, avadhi, jaladhi, jalanidhi, vAdhi, nIradhi. nIra, nidhi, vAridhi, vArinidhi, udadhi, ambudhi, ambunidhi, aMbhodhi, arNava, (samudravAcaka anya zabda bhI ), kendra, varNa, Azrala, yuga, turya, kRta, aya, Aya. diza (dizA), bandhu, koSTha, dhyAna, gati, saMjJA, kaSAya ityAdi / 5. vANa, zara, sAyaka, iSu, (vANa vAcaka zabda ), bhUta. mahAbhUta, prANa, indriya, akSa, viSaya, tatva, parva, pAMDava, artha, varma, vrata, samiti, kAmaguNa, zarIra, anuttara, mahAvrata ityaadi| 6. rasa, aMga, kAya, Rtu, mAsArdha, darzana, rAga, ari, zAstra, tarka, kAraka, samAsa, lezyA, kSamArakhaNDa, guNa, guhaka, guhavakatra ityAdi / 0. zUnya. vindu, randha, kha. chidra, pUrNa, gagana, AkAza. viyat, vyoma, nabha, abhra, antarikSa. ambarAdi / . 1. kali, rUpa, Adi, pitAmaha, nAyaka, tanu. zazi, vipu. [ 95

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7. naga, aga, bhUbhRta, parvata, zaila, adri, giri, (parvata vAcaka zabdAvalI), RSi, muni, atri, vAra, svara, dhAtu, azva, turaga, vAha, haya, vAjin ( azva vAcaka zabda), chaMda, dhI, kalatra, bhaya, sAgara. jaladhi, (samudra vAcaka zabda samUha), loka ityaadi| 8. vasa, ahi, sarpa (sarpa vAcaka anya zabda bhI), nAgendra, nAga, gaja, dantin, diggaja, hastin, mAMtaga, kari, kaMjara, dvipa, karaTina, (hasti vAcaka zabda), takSa, siddhi, bhUti, anuSTuva, maMgala, mada. prabhAvaka, karmana, dhI guNa, buddhi guNa, siddha guNa ityAdi / 9. aMka, nanda, nidhi, graha, khaga, hari, nArada, raMdhra, kha, chidra, go, pavana, tatva, brahmagRpti, brahmavRtti, graiveyaka ityaadi| 10. diza (dizA, AzA, kakubha, dizA vAcaka zabda), aMgulI, paMkti, rAvaNazirasa, avatAra, karman, yatidharma, zramaNadharma, prANa ityAdi / 11. rudra, Izvara, hara, Iza, bhava, bharga, zUlina, mahAdeva, pazupati, ziva (mahAdeva vAcaka zabda), akSauhiNI ityaadi| 12. ravi, sUrya, arka, mArtaNDa, dya maNi, mAnu, Aditya, divAkara, dinakara, uSNAMzu, ina, ( sUrya vAcaka zabdAvalI ), mAsa, rAzi, vyaya, cakrina, bhAvanA, bhikSu, pratimA, yati pratimA ityaadi| 13. vizva, vizvadevA, vAma, atijagato. 'aghoSa, kriyAsthAna, yakSa ityAdi / 14. manu, vidyA, indra, zakra, vAsava, ( indra vAcaka zabda), ityaadi| 17. atyaSThi / 18. dhRti, abrahma, pApasthAnaka ityAdi / 19. atighuti / 20. nakha, kRti ityAdi / 21. utkRti, prakRti, svarga / 22. kRti, jAti, pariSaha ityAdi / 23. vikRti / 24. gAyatrI, jina, arhana ityAdi / 25. tatva / 27. nakSatra, uDu, bha / 32. daMta, rada ityAdi / 33. deva, amara. tridaza, sura ityaadi| 40. naraka / 48. jgtii| 49, tAna / 64. strI kalA / 72. purupa klaa| yahAM dI gaI zabda sUcI meM kitanI hI vaikalpika haiM, ataH kisa prasaMga prayoga meM kauna sA cAlU aMka lenA hai yaha vicAraNIya rahatA hai / raMdhra, kha aura chidra kA upayoga zUnya ke liye huA hai aura nau ke liye bhI huA hai / go eka ke liye va nau ke liye bhI vyavahRta huA hai / pakSa do ke liye va pandraha ke liye bhI vyavahRta huA hai / isI prakAra zruti do ke liye va cAra ke liye, loka aura bhuvana tIna, sAta aura caudaha ke liye, guNa zabda tIna aura chaH ke liye, tattva tIna, pA~ca, nau aura paccIsa ke liye, samudra vAcaka zabda cAra aura sAta ke liye tathA vizva tIna, teraha aura caudaha ke liye vyavahata dekhane meM Ate haiM / pustaka lekhana : tAr3apatrIya grantha-choTe sAija ke tADapatrIya grantha ko do vibhAga ( kaoNlama) meM evaM lamve patroM para tIna kaoNlama meM likhA jAtA thA / vibhAga ke ubhaya pakSa meM eka Der3ha iMca kA hAMsiyA (mArjina) rakhA jAtA thA / bIca ke hAMsiyA meM chidra karake DorA piroyA jAtA thA tAki patra asta-vyasta na ho| patra ke dAhinI ora akSarAtmaka patrAMka evaM bAyIM tarapha aMkAtmaka patrAMka likhe jAte the| kitanI hI pratiyoM meM ubhaya pakSa meM eka hI prakAra ke aMka likhe milate haiM / bIca meM chidra karane ke sthAna meM tathA kaI pratiyoM meM kinAre ke hAMsiye meM bhI hiMgulI kA 15. tithi, ghasra, dina, ahana, divasa (divasa: vAcaka zabda ), pakSa, paramAdhArmika ityAdi / 16. nRpa, bhUpa, bhUpati, aSTi, kalA, indukalA, zazikalA ityAdi /

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bar3A TokA (aMgaThe) se kiyA jAtA thaa| vibhAgIya lekha ke ubhaya pakSa meM sundaratA ke liye borDara yA do-tIna khar3I lakIreM khIMca dI jAtI thiiN| tAr3apatra ke patte caur3e-saMkar3e hote the, ataH kahIM adhika va kahIM kama paMktiyAM samaviSama rUpa meM ho jAtI thiiN| likhate-likhate jahAM patra saMkar3A ho jAtA thA, paMkti ko zeSa karake , , candra (sTAra) Adi AkRti cinhita kara dI jAtI thii| anta aura prArambha jahA~ se hotA, vaisA hI cinha saMketa sambandha milAne meM sahAyaka hotA thaa| piroI jAtI thii| usI prakAra kAgaja ke granthoM meM bhI usI paddhati kA anukaraNa kara, khAlI jagaha rakhI jAtI: para DorI ke lie chidra kie grantha kvacita hI pAye jAte haiM, kyoMki kAgaja ke patroM ke sarakane kA bhaya nahIM thaa| khAlI jagaha meM lAla raMga Adi ke TIke yA phUla Adi vividha alaMkAra kiye hue grantha bhI pAye jAte haiM / ubhaya pakSa meM tAr3apatrIya patrAMka lekhana paddhati ubhaya prakAra pahale-pahale pAI jAtI hai, bAda meM kevala aMkoM meM patrAMka evaM eka ora grantha ke nAma kI huNDI ( Heading ) likha dI jAtI thii| kitane hI saMgraha granthoM meM sIriyala kramika aMka cAlU rakhane para bhI vibhAgIya sUkSma cora aMka kone meM likhe jAte the / kAgaja kA sAija eka hone se sabhI patroM meM eka jaisI lakIreM paMktiyAM AtI thiiN| jahAM vibhAgIya parisamApti hotI vahAM lAla syAhI se virAma cinha evaM prArambha meM ||60|| Adi tathA aMta meM ch| kI paddhati tADapatrIya lekhana ke anusAra hI pracalita thii| puSpikA saMvata Adi para dhyAna AkarSaNa ke liye, lAla syAhI se athavA jaise lAla paiMsila phirA dI jAtI hai vase geru raMga Adi se raMga diyA jAtA thaa| pustaka lekhana prArambha meM 'do pAI, male mIr3A' ke bAda jina, gaNadhara, guru, iSTadeva. sarasvatI Adi ke sUcaka namaskAra likhA jAtA aura jahA~ zrutaskandha, sarga, khaNDa, laMvaka, ucchavAsa Adi kI pUrNAhuti hotI vahA~ ||ch|| evaM samApti sUcaka anya cinha likhakara kucha khAlI jagaha chor3a kara usI prakAra namaskArAdi saha Age kA vibhAga cAlU ho jaataa| kahIM-kahIM grantha ke vibhAga ke zeSa meM yA grantha pUrNAhuti meM cakra, kamala, kalazAdi kI AkRti banAyI jAtI thii| bIca-bIca meM jahA~ kahIM gAthA kA TIkA, bhASya, cUNi zeSa hone ke anta meM bhI ||ch|| likha diyA jAtA thA / kintu rikta sthAna nahIM chor3A jAtA thaa| prAcIna lekhana vaiziSTya : kAgaja ke grantha-prArambha meM kAgaja ke grantha bhI tAr3apatrIya granthoM kI taraha lambAI-caur3AI meM choTe muSTipustaka ke AkAra meM likhate, kintu do-tIna vibhAga karane Avazyaka nahIM the| kitane hI granthoM kI lambAI tAr3apatrIya granthoM kI bhA~ti karake caur3AI bhI unase Davala arthAt 8|| iMca kI rakhI jAtI / kintu bAda meM terahavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt suvidhA ke liye 1245 yA isase kamavezI sAija kara diyA gyaa| prArambha meM kAgaja ke granthoM para borDara kI lakIreM kAlI hotI thI. para solahavIM zatAbdI se lAla syAhI ke borDara banane lage / tADapatrIya granthoM meM 'patroM ke na sarakane ke liye khAlI jagaha meM chidra karake DorI graMtha-lekhana meM jahA~ vAkyArtha yA sambandha pUrNa hotA thA vahAM pUrga virAma, doharA pUrNa virAma evaM avAMtara viSaya avataraNa Adi kI parisamApti para chaH|| likhA jAtA thA evaM zlokAMka bhI isI prakAra likhA jAtA thaa| viziSTa granthoM meM mUlagrantha ke viSaya ko spaSTa karane vAle yantra, cinha. likhane ke sAtha-sAtha zloka saMkhyA, gAthA saMkhyA, graMthAnatha, prazasti Adi likhI jAtI thii| kA avivekI lekhaka inheM na likhakara grantha ke mahatva aura vaiziSTya ko kama kara dete the| tADapatrIya granthoM ke citra va TIke Adi ke atirikta kevala kAlI syAhI vyavahata hotI thii| jabaki [ 97

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kAgaja ke granthoM ke lekhana meM kAlI ke atirikta sunaharI rUpahalI aura lAla syAhI kA prayoga chUTa se huA hai| sunaharI, rUpahalI syAhI meM samagra grantha likhe gae haiM, vaise lAla raMga kA prayoga pUre grantha meM na hokara viziSTa sthAna, puSpikA, granthAna, uktaM ca, tathAhi. pUrNa virAma Adi meM huA hai / para patroM ko pRSThabhUmi meM lAla. nIlA, harA Adi sabhI raMgoM se raMga kara usa para anya raMgoM kA prayoga huA hai| vabodha Adi sAtha meM likhe jAne lage to tripATha yA paMcapAThAdi vibhAgIya lekha prArambha huA / isase eka hI prati meM TIkA Adi par3hane kI sugamatA ho gaI / TabA yA vAlAvabodha zailI-tripATha, paMcapATha se bhinna TavA likhane kI zailI meM eka-eka paMkti ke mUla bar3e . akSaroM ke Upara, choTe akSaroM meM vivecana, TabA va thor3e se bar3e akSaroM ke Upara nIce vizada choTe akSaroM meM likhA jAtA thaa| Anandaghana caubIsI bAlAvavodhAdi kI kaI pratiyAM isI zailI kI upalabdha haiN| vibhAgIya ( Column) pustaka, kucha sUkSmAkSarI Adi do vibhAga meM likhI huI pustakeM milatI haiM tathA kaI pratiyoM meM nAmAvalI sUcI, vAlAvavodha Adi likhane kI suvidhAnusAra kaoNlama banAkara ke likhe hue kAgaja ke grantha upalabdha haiN| pustaka lekhana ke prakAra : pustakoM ke vAhya AkAra ko lakSita karake Age gaMDI. kacchapI. muSTi Adi pustakoM ke prakAra batalAe gae haiM para jaba kAgaja ke grantha likhe jAne lage to unakI lekhana paddhati va Abhyantarika svarUpa meM paryApta vividhatA A gaI thii| kAgaja para likhe grantha, tripATha, paMcapATha, TavvA. vAlAvavodha zailI. do vibhAgI (Column ). sar3a ( Running ) lekhana. citrapustaka, svargAkSarI, raupyAkSarI, sUkSvAkSarI. sthalAkSarI, mizritAkSarI. pauthiyAkAra, guTakAkAra Adi aneka vidhAoM ke saMprApta haiN| tripATha yA tripATa-grantha ke madhya meM bar3e akSara va Upara nIce usake vivecana meM TIkATavA Adi sUkSmAkSaroM kI paMktiyAM likhI gaI hoM vaha tripATha yA tripATa grantha kahalAtA hai| citra pustaka-yahAM citra pustaka kA Azaya sacitra pustaka se nahIM para yaha vaha vidhA hai jisase lekhanakalA kI khUbI se isa prakAra jagaha chor3akara akSara lekhana hotA hai jisase caupaTa, vajra, svastika, chatra, phUla Adi vividha AkRtiyAM ubhara AtI haiM aura vyakti kA nAma bhI citra rUpa meM parilakSita ho jAtA hai| kabhI-kabhI yaha lekhana lAla syAhI se likhA hone se lekhana kalA svayaM vola uThatI hai| hAMsiyA aura madhya bhAga meM jahAM chidra kI jagaha rakhane kI tADapatrIya prathA thI vahAM vividha phUla Adi citrita hote / paMcapATha yA paMcapATa-jisa grantha ke bIca meM mUlapATha va cAroM ora ke bar3e vorDara hAMsiyA meM vivecana, TIkA. TavAdi likhA ho arthAt. lekhana pAMca vibhAgoM meM huA ho vaha paMcapATha yA paMcapATa grantha kahalAtA hai / sUr3a yA sUr3ha-jo grantha bhUla TIkA Adi ke vibhAga vinA sIdhA likhA jAtA ho vaha sUr3a yA sUr3ha (Running) lekhana kahalAtA hai| prAcIna grantha bhUla, TIkAdi alaga-alaga likhe jAte the taba tADapatrIya granthoM meM aise koI vibhAga nahIM the| jaba bhUla ke sAtha TIkA, cUNi, niyukti. bhASya, vAlA svarNAkSarI-ropyAkSarI grantha-Age batAyI huI vidhi ke anusAra svargAkSarI, raupyAkSarI aura gaMgA-jamanI grantha lekhana ke liye isa syAhI kA prayoga hotA / granthoM ko vizeSa camakadAra dikhAne ke lie kAgaja ke patroM kI pRSTha bhUmi (TaikagrAuNDa ) lAla, kAlA, AsamAnI, jAmunI Adi gahare raMga se raMga kara akIka. kasauTI. koDA Adi se ghoTakara mulAyama. pAlisadAra vanA liyA jAtA thaa| phira pUrvollikhita sone-cAMdI ke varka cUrNa ko dhava ke goMda ke pAnI ke sAtha taiyAra kI 98 ]

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huI syAhI se grantha likhA jAtA thaa| likhAvaTa sUkha jAne para akIka Adi kI opaNI se ghoTakara 'opadAra banA lie jAte the| ina patroM ke bIca meM va hAMsiye meM vividha manorama citra haMsapaMkti, gajapaMkti Adi se alaMkRta karake advitIya nayanAbhirAma banA diyA jAtA thaa| kataritagrantha-kAgaja ko kevala akSarAkRti meM kATa kara binA syAhI ke alekhita granthoM meM mAtra eka 'gItagovinda' kI prati bar3audA ke gAyakavAr3a orieNTala insTiTyUTa meM hai| bAkI phuTakara patra evaM citrAdi paryApta pAye jAte haiM / mizritAkSarI-choTe-bar3e mizrita akSaroM kI pratiyoM kA paricaya varNana TabA, bAlAvodha kI evaM saparyAya pratiyoM meM cArutayA parilakSita hotA hai| svargAkSarI, raupyAkSarI syAhI kI likhI huI tAr3apatrIya puratakeM ava eka bhI prApta nahIM haiM para mahArAjA kumArapAla aura vastupAla mahAmAtya ne aneka svarNAkSarI grantha likhAe the jisakA ullekha kumArapAla prabandha va upadezataraMgiNI meM pAyA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM prApta svarNAkSarI grantha pandrahavIM zatI se milate haiN| raupyAkSarI usake paravartI kAla se milate haiN| svarNAkSarI pratiyAM kalpasUtra aura kAlakAcArya kathA kI pracura parimANa meM prApta haiM aura kvacit bhagavatI sUtra , uttarAdhyayana sUtra, navasmaraNa, adhyAtmagItA, zAlimadarAsa evaM stotrAdi bhI pAye jAte haiN| guTakAkAra grantha-inakA eka mApa nahIM hotA / ye choTe-bar3e sabhI AkAra-prakAra ke pAye jAte haiM / pothiye guTake Adi bIca meM silAI kiye hue, juja silAI vAle bhI milate haiN| barAbara pannoM ko kATakara silAI karane se Age se tIkhe aura avaziSTa eka se hote haiM / unakI jildeM bhI kalApUrNa, surakSita aura makhamala, chIMTa, kimkhvApa-jarI Adi kI hotI haiM / kucha guTake silAI karake kATe hue Ajakala ke granthoM kI bhA~ti milate haiN| mApa meM ve daphtara kI bhA~ti bar3e-bar3e phulaskepa sAija ke, DimAI sAija ke va krAuna va usase choTe laghu aura laghutara mApa ke guTake pracura parimANa meM upalabdha haiN| unameM rAsa, bhAsa, stavana, sajjhAya, pratikramaNa, prakaraNa, saMgrahAdi aneka prakAra ke saMgraha hote haiM / hamAre saMgraha meM aise guTake saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM haiM jo solahavIM zatAbdI se vIsavIM zatI taka ke likhe hue haiM / sUkSmAkSarI grantha-tAr3apatrIya yuga meM sUkSmAkSarI pratiyAM nahIM milatI. para kAgaja ke grantha lekhana meM sUkSma akSaroM kA tripATha, paMcapATha Adi lekhana meM paryApta prayoga huaa| sAdhaoM ko vihAra meM adhika bhAra uThAnA na par3e isa dRSTikoNa se bhI usakA pracalana upayogI thaa| jJAnabhaNDAroM meM kaI eka sUkSmAkSarI grantha pAye jAte haiN| yoM kevala eka patra meM dazavakAlikAdi Agama likhe milate haiM / terApaMthI sAdhaoM ne tathA kucha kalAkAroM ne sUkSmAkSara meM ullekhanIya kIrtimAna kAyama kiyA hai, para ve paThana-pAThana meM upayogI na hokara pradarzanI yogya mAtra haiN| pustaka saMzodhana : sthalAkSarI grantha-paThana-pAThana ke suvidhArtha bizepa kara samvatsarI ke dina kalpasUtra mUla kA pATha saMgha ke samakSa vAMcane ke liye sthalAkSarI grantha likhe jAte the| kAgaja yuga meM isakA paryApta vikAsa dRSTigocara hotA hai| hastalikhita granthoM meM prati se prati kI nakala kI jAtI thii| Upara vAlI prati yadi azuddha hotI to usa vinA saMzodhita prati se nakala karane vAlA bhASA aura lipi kA anabhijJa lekhaka bhrAnta paramparA aura bhUloM kI abhivRddhi karane vAlA hI hotA / phalasvarUpa grantha meM pAThAntara, pAThabheda kA prAcarya hotA jAtA aura kaI pATha to azuddha lekhakoM kI kRpA se granthakAra ke Azaya se bahuta dUra cale [ 99

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jAte the / eka jaisI prAcIna lipi aura mor3a ke bheda se, bhASA va viSaya kI anabhijJatA se jo bhrAntiyAM najara AtI haiM unake kucha kAraNa akSaroM kI mor3a, sAmya va anya bhrAntiyAM haiM / yahA~ kucha udAharaNa prastutakiye jAte haiM parituTThi, nacaiva-nadaivaM aridAriNI-arivAriNI-avidAriNI, dohalakkheviyA-dohalakvaMdiyA, naMdIsaradIvagamaNasaMbhavajaNamaMDiyaM-naMdIsaradIvagamaNasaMbhavajiNamaMDiyaM. ghANAmayapasAdajaNaNa-ghaNogayapasAda jaNaNa. gayakulAsaNNa-rAyakulAsaNNa, sacca-satva-sattaM vicchaDhadANajalAvilakapolAvigajA- . vicchaDhadANajalavitta gholavivajA, ityAdi / 1. lipibhrama ma sa rAga vavata thA thya pA pya sA sya SA pya ta tU ddadvaddha dra gra gga gja 2. par3I mAtrA viSayaka bhrama-kitane hI lekhaka par3ImAtrA-pRSThamAtrA kA rahasya na samajha kara eka dUsare akSara ke sAtha usakI mAtrA ko lagA kara bhrAntapATha kI sRSTi kara DAlate haiM jisase saMzodhana kArya bar3A durUha ho jAtA hai| yata tanna cca tha karu khara va sva garA ghappavatha pya cavaThadha chava jajJa aja tt tth v Da ra ma tava dhava na ta va nu tu . pa ya e pha pu bha sama kisalayakomalapasatthapANI-kiMsayalakkhAmalapatyapANI; tArAnikara-taronikara-tamonikara; AsarAsIo-aserAsIoasesasIo. ityaadi| vu tu papya tha gha jja vva dya sUsta sva mU tya ccha kRkSa tva ca na prA thA TAya tha eya NA ema e paya ai pe ye kva kra kUkSa tapU pR su mu pTha Sva STa bda tmatsa tA tya kUkta kra 3. patitapATha sthAna parivartana-kitanI hI bAra chUTe hue pATha ko hAMsie meM saMzodhana dvArA likhA jAtA hai jise pratilipikAra saMketa na samajha kara anya sthAna meM use likha dete haiM aise golamAla pratilipi karate samaya Ae dina dekhane meM Ate haiN| 4. TippaNa praveza-saMzodhaka dvArA hAMsie para kiye gaye TippaNa paryAya ko prati lapikAra bhrAntivA grantha kA chUTA huA pATha samajhakara mUla pATha meM dAkhila kara dete haiN| yadha isa prakAra kitanI hI lambI sUcI dI jA sakatI hai| akSarabhrAMti se utpanna pATha-bheda meM bhinnArtha, samAnArtha bhI ghaTita ho sakatA hai aura isa cakkara meM bar3e-bar3e vidvAna bhI phaMsa jAte haiM / bhrAMta lekhana se utpanna pATha bhedoM ko dekhiye 5. zabda paNDita lekhakoM ke kAraNa-kitane hI lekhaka amuka zabdoM ke vizeSa paricita hone se milate-julate sthAna meM aghaTita pheraphAra kara DAlate haiM-bhrAMtivaza ho jAtA hai jisase saMzodhaka ke liye bar3I kaThinAI ho jAtI hai| prabhava-prasava, stavana-sUcana, yaccA -yathA, pratyakSatovagamyA pratyakSabodhagamyA, navA-tathA, naca taba, tadvA-tathA, pavattasta-pavannassa.jIvasAtmIkRtaM-jIvamAtmIkRtaM parivuDhi 6. akSara yA zabdoM kI asta-vyastatA-lekhaka likhate -likhate akSaroM ko ulaTa-pulaTa kara DAlate haiM jisase pAThAntaroM kI abhivRddhi ho jAtI hai| yata-dAei-dAie / 100 ]

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7. Dabala pATha-kitanI hI vAra lekhaka grantha likhate pATha ko Dabala likha DAlate haiM jisase likhita pustaka meM pATha-bheda kI sRSTi ho jAtI hai| jaise-savva pAsaNiehiM savva pAsaNiehi-savvapAsatthapAsaNiehi. tassarUva-tassarU vassarUva ityAdi / 8. pATha skhalana-grantha ke viSaya aura artha se ajJAta lekhaka kitanI hI bAra bhaMgakAdi viSayaka sacce pATha ko Dabala samajha kara chor3a dete haiM jisase gambhIra bhUleM paidA hokara vidvAnoM ko bhI ulajhana meM DAla detI hai| adhika pATha ko haTAe hue rikta sthAna ko lakIra tathA anyAkRti se pUrNa kara diyA jAtA thaa| solahavIM zatAbdI meM prati saMzodhana meM AI huI kATAkATI kI asundaratA ko miTAne ke lie saphedA yA haratAla kA prayoga hone lgaa| azuddhi para haratAla lagA kara zuddha pATha likhA jAne lgaa| azuddha akSara ko sudhArane ke lie jaise 'ca' kA 'va' karanA ho, '' kA 'pa' karanA ho, 'tha' kA 'ya' karanA ho to akSara ke adhika bhAga ko haratAla Adi se Dhaka kara zuddha kara diyA jAtA / yahI praNAlI Aja taka cAlU hai| trUTaka pATha ko likhane ke lie to unhIM cinhoM ko dekara hAMsiye meM likhanA par3atA va Aja bhI yahI rIti pracalita hai / isa prakAra aneka kAraNoM se lekhakoM dvArA utpanna bhrAnti aura ardha-dagdha-paNDitoM dvArA bhrAnti-bhinnArtha ko janma dekara Upara nirdiSTa udAharaNoM kI bhAMti sahI pATha nirNaya meM vidvAnoM ko bar3I asuvidhA ho jAtI hai / grantha saMzodhana ke sAdhana : grantha saMzodhana karane ke lie pIchI, haratAla, saphedA, ghaMTo ( opaNI), geru aura Dore kA samAveza hotA hai| ataH ina vastuoM ke sambandha meM nirdeza kiyA jAtA hai| . saMzodhakoM kI nirAdhAra kalpanA : prAyogika jJAna meM adhUre saMzodhaka zabda va artha jJAna meM aparicita hone se apanI matikalpanA se saMzodhana kara nae pATha-bheda paidA kara dete haiM, sacce pATha ke badale aparicita prayoga dekara anartha kara DAlate haiN| khaNDita pATha kI pUrti karane ke bahAne saMzodhakoM kI mati-kalpanA bhI pAThabhedoM meM abhivRddhi kara detI hai kyoMki patra cipaka jAne se, dImaka khA jAne se rikta sthAna kI pUrti dUsarI prati se milAne para hI zuddha hogI anyathA kalpanA prasUta / pATha bhrAnta paramparA ko janma dene vAle hote haiN| pIMchI--citrakalA ke upayogI pIchI-braza Adi hAtha se hI banAne par3ate aura usa samaya TAlorI-khisakolI ke vArIka bAloM se vaha banatI thii| ye bAla svAbhAvika grathita aura TikAU hote the| kabUtara kI pAMkha ke polAra meM piro kara yA moTI banAnA ho to mayUra ke pAMkhoM ke UparI bhAga meM pirokara taiyAra kara lI jAtI thii| Dore ko goMda Adi se majabUta kara liyA jAtA aura vaha citrakalA yA grantha saMzodhana meM prayukta haratAla, saphedA Adi meM prayukta hotI thii| grantha saMzodhana kI prAcIna arvAcIna praNAlI : jJAna bhaNDArastha granthoM ke vizad avalokana se vidita hotA hai ki likhate samaya grantha meM bhUla ho jAtI to tAr3apatrIya lekhaka adhika pATha ko kATa dete yA pAnI se poMcha kara nayA pATha likha dete the / chaTe hue pATha ko dene ke lie 'A' pakSI ke paMje kI AkRti dekara kinAre XX ke madhya meM 'A'dekara likhA jAne lagA thaa| haratAla-yaha dagar3I aura baragI do taraha kI hotI hai| grantha saMzodhana meM 'varagI haratAla' kA prayoga hotA hai| haratAla ke vArIka chane hue cUrNa ko bAvala ke goMda ke pAnI meM milA kara, ghoTakara, Age vatAI huI hiMgula kI vidhi se taiyAra kara sukhA kara rakhanA caahie| saphedA-saphedA Aja kala taiyAra milatA hai| use [ 101

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goMda ke pAnI meM ghoMTa kara taiyAra karane se granya saMzodhana meM kAma A sakatA hai| para haratAla kA saundarya aura TikAUpana adhika hai| cUMTA yA opaNI-Age likhA jA cukA hai ki / akIka, kasauTI yA dariyAI kor3oM se kAgaja para pAlisa hotI hai| haratAla, saphedA lage kAgajoM para opaNI karake phira nae akSara likhane se ve phailate nahIM-syAhI phUTatI nhiiN| gerU-jaise Ajakala viziSTa vAkya, zloka, puSpikA Adi lAla pensila se aNDara lAIna karate haiM vaise hastalikhita granthoM meM bhI AkarSaNa ke lie pada, vAkya, gAthA. pariccheda, parisamApti sthAna gerU se raMga die jAte the| DorA-tADapatrIya yuga meM smRti yogya paMkti, pATha, adhikAra, adhyayana, uddezya Adi kI parisamApti sthAna meM vArIka DorA piro kara bar3hA huA bAhara chor3a diyA jAtA thA / jaise Ajakala phlega cinhita kiyA jAtA hai aura usase graMthAdi kA prasaMga khojane meM suvidhA hotI hai. vaise hI tADapatrIya yuga kI yaha paddhati thii| pustaka saMzodhana ke saMketa cinha : jisa prakAra lekhana aura saMzodhana meM pUrNa virAma, arddha virAma, alpa virAma, prazna virAma, Azcaryadarzaka cinha, arthadyotaka cinha, chanda samAsa dyotaka cinha. zakti pATha dyotaka cinhAdi pracalita haiM, purAkAlIna jaina vidvAnoM ne bhI lekhana sauSThaya ko dhyAna meM rakha kara vividha cinhoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / ve cinha kava aura kisa sthiti meM prayukta hote the usakA yahAM nirdeza kyiA jAtA hai - bhayo ke fre: (0 .5. 5. x,x.. (2) 4. (3) ...... (4) 7. (5) 2.1. CE) a *s , A = 1', i. 6.6 :, 7.70, U. . .. . . .-1,au .aM. (7) pra. pA0, pratyaM pAma, pratyaMtare' pAThaMtaram . (8) hai. paM.,u.u.paM., u.nii| paM.nI.. (C):. (10) ". : ce) . '. (12) 19, 12.13.27, 32.41,53,82,73.11 3lyAri (13) 1,2,3.4.5.6, 3auric (14)%3D,W. (15)7,80. (1E)..., ..., :, ::,0, 00, .... 06, .. 7.0.7.0, ja, G , T. T, na,1,A.A. 1,A a,... . 7 . v, w. ., ., ,. .J G.1,, di. ina cinhoM kI pahacAna ina nAmoM se kIjie 1. patitapATha darzaka cihna-lekhakoM kI asAvadhAnI se chUTe hue sthAna para yaha cinha karake hAMsiye para truTaka pATha likhA jAtA hai aura donoM sthAna meM cinha kara die jAte haiN| 2. patita pATha vibhAga darzaka cihna--yaha cinha chUTe hue pATha ko vAhara likhane ke ubhaya pakSa meM diyA jAtA hai jisase akSara yA pATha kA sela-mela na ho jaay| isake pAsa 'o' yA 'paM' karake jisa paMkti kA ho nambara diyA jAtA hai| 102 ]

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3. AkArAnta 'kAnA' darzaka cinha-yaha akSara ke Age kI mAtrA 'I' chUTa gaI ho vahAM akSara ke Upara dI jAtI hai| 10. vibhAga darzaka cinha-Upara die gaye sAmAnya padaccheda cinha se Dabala lAina dekara sambandha, viSaya yA zlokArddha kI parisamApti para yaha lagAyA jAtA hai / 4. anyAkSara vAcana darzana cinha-yaha cinha likhe gae akSara ke vadale dUsarA akSara likhane kI hAlata meM lagAyA jAtA hai| jaise 'za' ke vadale 'Sa', 'sa' ke badale 'za', 'ja' ke badale 'ya', 'pa' ke badale 'kSa' aadi| yata-satru-zatra, khaT =paT, jajJa-yajJa. jAtrA-yAtrA Adi / 11. eka pada darzaka cinha-eka pada hone para bhI bhrAnti na ho isalie donoM ora Upara khar3I lAina lagA dete the| yata-'syAtpada' eka vAkya ko koI syAt aura pada alaga-alaga na samajha baiThe isIliye vAkya ke donoM ora isakA prayoga hotA thaa| 5. pATha parAvRtti darzaka cinha-akSara yA vAkya ke / ulaTa-pulaTa likhe jAne para sahI pATha batAne ke lie akSara para likha diyA jAtA hai / yata-'vanacara' ke badale 'vacanara' likhA gayA ho to vacanara zabda para cinha kara diyA jAtA hai| 12. vibhakti vacana darzaka cinha-yaha cinha aMka paraka hai / sAta vibhakti aura sambodhana milAkara ATha vibhaktiyoM ko tIna vacanoM se saMvaddha-sUcana karane ke liye prathamA kA dvivacana zabda para 12. aSTamI ke vahuvacana para 83 Adi aMka likha kara nirdhAnta banA diyA jAtA thA / saMvodhana ke lie kahIM-kahIM 'hai' bhI likhA jAtA thaa| 13. anvaya darzaka cinha-yaha cinha bhI vibhakti vacana ko cinha kI bhA~ti aka likha kara prayukta kiyaa| jAtA thA, tAki saMzayAtmaka vAkyoM meM artha bhrAMti na ho| zlokoM meM padoM kA anvaya bhI akoM dvArA datalA diyA jAtA thA / 6. svara sandhyaMza darzaka cinha-yaha cinha sandhi ho jAne ke pazcAt luptasvara ko batAne vAlA hai| ina cinhoM ko bhI Upara aura kabhI noce va anusvAra yukta hone para anusvAra sahita bhI kiyA jAtA hai / yata55/555 ityaadi| 7. pATha bheda darzaka cinha-eka prati ko dUsare prati se milAne para jo pAThAntara, pratyantara ho usake liye yaha cinha likha kara pATha diyA jAtA hai / 8. pAThAnusaMdhAna darzaka cinha--TaM hue pATha ko hAMsie meM likhane ke pazcAt kisa paMkti kA vaha pATha hai yaha anusaMdhAna batAne ke liye o0 paM0 likha kara olI. paMkti kA naMbara de diyA jAtA hai| 14. TippaNaka darzaka cinha-yaha cinha sUtrapATha ke bheda-paryAya Adi dikhAne ke lie vAkya para cinha karake hAMsie meM vahI cinha sahita paryAyArtha yA vyAkhyA likha dI jAtI thii| 15. vizeSaNa-vizeSya sambandha darzaka cinha-dUra-dUra rahe hue zabdoM kA vizeSaNa-vizeSya Akalana karane ke lie ye cinha kara dene se pravuddha vAcaka tatkAla saMbaMdha ko pakar3a letA, samajha sakatA hai| 16. pUrvapada parAmarzaka cinha-ye cinha duruha haiN| tarka zAstra ke grantha meM vAra-bAra Ane vAle tat zabda ko alaga-alaga artha-dyotaka batAne ke lie vyartha ke TippaNa 9. padaccheda darzaka cinha-Ajakala kI taraha vAkya / zabda eka sAtha na likhakara Age alaga-alaga akSara likheM jAte the, ataH zuddha pATha karane ke liye Upara khar3I lAIna kA cinha karake zabda akSara pArthakya batA diyA jAtA hai| [ 103

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na dekara saMketa se artha samajhane ke lie ina cinhoM kA prayoga hotA thaa| sAdhAraNa lekhakoM kI samajha se bAhara vicakSaNa vidvAnoM ke hI kAma meM Ane vAle ye cinha haiN| dArzanika viSaya ke grathoM ke lambe sambandhoM para bhinna-bhinna vikalpa carcA meM usakA anusaMdhAna prApta karane ke lie isa prakAra ke cinha bar3e sahAyaka hote haiM / vidvAna jaina zramaNa varga Aja bhI gambhIra saMzodhana kArya meM ina zailiyoM kA anukaraNa karatA hai| jaina lekhana kalA. saMzodhana kalA ke prAcIna-arvAcIna sAdhanoM para yahAM jo vivecana huA hai isase vidita hotA hai ki jaina lekhana-kalA kitanI vaijJAnika, vikasita aura anukaragIya thii| bhAratIya saMskRti ke itihAsa meM jainoM kA yaha mahAn anudAna sarvadA svarNAkSaroM meM aMkita rhegaa| jaina jJAna bhaMDAroM kA mahattva : saMghovari bahumANo putthayalihagaM pabhAvaNA titthe / saTANakiccameyaM niccaM suguruvaeseNaM // 5 // bArahavIM zatAbdI meM sUrAcArya ne bhI 'dAnAdiprakAza ke pAMcaveM akSara meM pustaka lekhana kI bar3I mahimA gAyI hai / usa jamAne meM granthoM ko jJAnabhaNDAroM meM rakhA / jAtA thA / eka hajAra varSa pUrva bhI rAjAoM ke yahA~ pustaka saMgraha rakhA jAtA thA, sarasvatI bhaNDAra hate the| caitravAsiyoM se sambandhita maTha-mandiroM meM bhI jJAnakakSa avazya rahatA thA / suvihita ziromaNi zrI varddhamAnasari -jinezvarasUri ke pATana kI rAjasabhA meM caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha hue zAstrArtha meM pATana ke sarasvatI bhaNDAra se hI 'dazavaikAlika' graMtha lAkara prastuta kiyA thA / musalamAnI kAla meM nAlandA vizvavidyAlaya ke graMthAgAra kI bhA~ti agaNita jJAnabhaNDAroM va granthoM ko jalAkara naSTa kara DAlA gayA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki prAcInatam likhe grantha Aja upalabdha nahIM haiN| jisa prakAra devAlayoM aura pratimAoM ke vinAza ke sAtha-sAtha nava-nirmANa hotA gayA usI prakAra jaina zAsana ke karNadhAra jainAcAryoM ne zAstra nirmANa va lekhna kA kArya cAlU rakhA / jisake pratApa se Aja vaha paramparA baca pAyI / bhAratIya jJAnavijJAna ke kSetra meM jaina jJAnabhaNDAra eka atyanta gaurava kI vastu hai| jJAna bhaDAroM kI sthApanA va abhivRddhi : hastalikhita granthoM ke puSpikA lekha tathA kumArapAla prabandha, vastupAlacaritra, prabhAvakacaritra. sukRtasAgara mahAkAvya, upadezataraMgiNI, karmacandamaMtrivaMza-pravandha, anekoM rAsa evaM aitihAsika caritroM se samRddha zrAvakoM dvArA lAkhoM-karor3oM ke savyaya se jJAna-koza likhavAne tathA pracArita karane ke dizad ullekha pAe jAte haiM / zilAlekhoM kI bhAMti hI grantha-lekhana-puSpikAoM va prazastiyoM kA bar3A bhArI aitihAsika mahatva hai| jaina rAjAoM, mantriyoM evaM dhanADhya zrAvakoM ke satkAryoM kI virudAvalI meM likhI prArambha meM jo jaina zramaNa varga zrutajJAna ko lipivaddha karane ke vipakSa meM thA vaha samaya ke anukUla use parama upAdeya mAnane lagA aura devaddhiMgaNi kSamAzramaNa ke samaya se jJAnopakaraNa kA savizeSa prayoga karane ke lie upadeza dene lagA / Aja hamAre samakSa tatkAlIna likhita vAGmaya kA eka pannA bhI upalabdha nahIM hai / ataH ve kaise likhe jAte the, kaise saMzodhana kiye jAte the, kahAM aura kisa prakAra rakhe jAte the, isa viSaya meM prakAza DAlane kA koI sAdhana nahIM hai / gata eka hajAra varSa ke grantha va jJAnabhaNDAra vidyamAna haiM jinase hameM mAlUma hotA hai ki zrutajJAna kI abhivRddhi meM jena zramaNa aura zrAvaka varga ne savizeSa yogadAna kiyA thaa| zrI haribhadrasUrijI ne yogadRSTisamuccaya meM 'lekhanA pUjanA dAnaM' dvArA pustaka lekhana ko yoga bhUmikA kA aMga batalAyA hai / 'maNha jiNANaM ANa' sajjhAya meM pustaka lekhana ko nimnokta gAthA meM zrAvaka kA nitya-kRtya batalAtA hai| 104 ]

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paithar3azAha, parvata kAnhA evaM bhaNazAlI thAharuzAha ne jJAnabhaNDAra sthApita karane meM apanI lakSmI kA mukta hasta se vyaya kiyA thA / thAharuzAha kA bhaNDAra Aja bhI jaisalamera meM vidyamAna hai| jaina jJAnabhaNDAroM meM binA kisI dhArmika bheda-bhAva ke jo grantha saMgrahIta kiye gae. Aja bhI bhAratIya vAGmaya ke saMrakSaNa meM gauravAspada haiN| kyoMki aneka jainetara granthoM ko saMrakSita rakhane kA zreya kevala jaina jJAnabhaMDAroM ko hI hai| huI prazastiyAM kisI bhI khaNDa-kAvya se kama mahatvapUrNa nahIM haiN| gUrjarezvara siddharAja jayasiMha aura kumArapAladeva ne bahuta bar3e parimANa meM zAstroM kI tAr3apatrIya pratiyAM svarNAkSarI va sacitrAdi taka likhavAyI thiiN| yaha paramparA na kevala jaina narapati zrAvaka varga meM thI parantu zrI jinacandrasUrijI ko akabara dvArA 'yugapradhAna' pada dene para bIkAnera mahArAjA rAyasiMha, kuMara dalapatasiMha Adi dvArA bhI saMkhyAbaddha pratiyAM likhavA kara bheMTa karane ke ullekha milate haiM evaM ina graMthoM kI prazastiyoM meM bIkAnera, khaMbhAta Adi ke jJAnabhaNDAroM meM grantha sthApita karane ke vizad varNana pAe jAte haiM / tribhuvanagiri ke yAdava rAjA kumArapala dvArA pradatta pustikA ke kASThaphalaka kA citra , jisameM jainAcArya zrI jinadattasUri aura mahArAja kumArapAla kA citra hai. isa para 'nRpatikumArapAla bhaktirastu likhA huA hai| samrATa akabara apanI sabhA ke paMDita padmasundara kA graMtha bhaNDAra, hIravijayasUri ko denA cAhatA thA, para unhoMne liyA nahIM, taba unakI nizpRhatA se prabhAvita hokara unhoMne AgarA meM jJAnabhaNDAra sthApita kiyaa| jaina zrAvakoM ne apane guruoM ke upadeza se bar3ebar3e jJAnabhaNDAra sthApita kie the| bhagavatI sUtra zravaNa karate samaya gautama svAmI ke chattIsa hajAra praznoM para svarNaM mudrAeM car3hAne kA pethaDazAha. sonI saMgrAmasiMha Adi kA evaM chattIsa hajAra motI car3hAne kA varNana mantrIzvara karmacandra ke caritra meM pAyA jAtA hai / una motiyoM ke bane hue cAra cAra sau varSa prAcIna candavA pUThiyA Adi pacAsa varSa pUrva taka bIkAnera ke bar3e upAzraya meM vidyamAna the| zrI jinabhadrasUri jI ke upadeza se jaisalamera, pATaNa, khaMbhAta. jAlora. devagiri, nAgaura Adi sthAnoM meM jJAnabhaNDAra sthApita hone kA varNana upAdhyAya samayasundara gaNi kRta 'kalpalatA' grantha meM pAyA jAtA hai| dharaNAzAha, maNDana, dhanarAja aura vartamAna meM jaina jJAnabhaMDAra sAre bhAratavarSa meM phaile hue haiM / yadyapi lAkhoM graMtha ayogya uttarAdhikAriyoM dvArA naSTa ho gae. bika gae. videza cale gae, phira bhI jaina jJAnabhaNDAroM meM sthita avaziSTa lAkhoM grantha zodhaka vidvAnoM ko apanI ora AkRSTa karate haiM / gujarAta meM pATaNa, ahamadAvAda, pAlanapura, rAdhanapura. kher3A. khaMbhAta. chANI, bar3audA, pAdarA, darAparA, DabhoI, sinora, bharoMca. sUrata evaM mahArASTra meM bambaI va pUnA ke jJAnabhaNDAra suprasiddha haiN| saurASTra meM bhAvanagara, pAlItAnA, ghoghA, loMbaDI. baDhavANa, jAmanagara, mAMgaraula Adi sthAnoM ke jJAna bhaNDAra vikhyAt haiM / rAjasthAna meM jaisalamera, bIkAnera, vAr3amera, bAlotarA, jodhapura, nAgaura, jayapura, pIpAr3a, pAlI, lohAvaTa, phalaudI, udayapura, gar3hasivAnA, Ahaura, jAlaura, maDArA, curu, saradArazahara, phatehapura, kizanagar3ha, koTA, jhujhaMnaM Adi sthAnoM meM naye-purAne grantha-saMgraha, jJAna bhaMDAra haiM / akele bIkAnera se hajAroM pratiyAM bAhara cale jAne va kaI to samUce jJAnabhaNDAra naSTa ho jAne para bhI Aja vahA~ lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM hastalikhita pratiyAM vidyamAna haiM / rAjakIya anUpa saMskRta lAyabrerI meM hajAroM jaina grantha haiM / paMjAba meM aMbAlA, hoziyArapura, jar3iyAlA Adi ke jJAnabhaNDAra dillI, rUpanagara meM A gae haiM / AgarA, vArANasI Adi uttara pradeza ke sthAnoM-sthAnoM meM acche jJAnabhaNDAra haiN| ujjaina, indaura, zivapurI Adi madhya pradeza meM bhI kaI jJAnabhaNDAra haiM / kalakattA, ajImagaMja [ 105

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Adi vaMgAla deza ke jJAnabhaNDAroM kA apanA anokhA mahatva hai| AgamoM ko prArambhika mudraNa yuga meM suvyavasthita aura pracura parimANa meM prakAzita karane kA zreya yahAM ke rAya dhanapatasiMha dUgar3a ko hai / zrI pUraNacandajI nAhara kI 'gulAbakumArI lAibrerI' sAre deza meM prasiddha hai| tAr3apatrIya prAcIna grantha saMgraha ke lie jisa prakAra jaisala- mera, pATaNa aura khaMbhAta prasiddha hai, usI prakAra kAgaja para likhe grantha bIkAnera aura ahamadAvAda meM sarvAdhika haiM / digamvara samAja ke tAr3apatrIya granthoM meM mUDavidrI vikhyAta hai tathA ArA kA jaina siddhAMta bhavana, ajamera va nAgaura ke bhaTTArakajI kA bhaNDAra tathA jayapura Adi sthAnoM ke digambara jaina grantha bhaNDAra bar3e hI mahatvapUrNa haiN| jJAna bhaNDAroM kI vyavasthA prAcInakAla meM jJAna bhaNDAra bilkula banda kamaroM meM rakhe jAte the| jaisalamera kA suprasiddha zrIjinabhadrasUri jJAna bhaNDAra to kile para sthita saMbhavanAtha jinAlaya ke nIce talaghara meM surakSita koTharI meM thA / jisameM praveza pAne ke lie antargata koTharI ke choTe se daravAje meM se nikalanA par3atA thaa| aba bhI hai to vahIM, para Age se kucha sudhAra ho gayA hai| Age granthoM ko patthara kI peTiyoM meM rakhate the jahAM sardI va jIva-jantuoM kI vilkula saMbhAvanA nahIM thI / tAr3apatrIya graMthoM ko lakar3I kI paTTikAoM ke bIca khAdI ke viTAMgaNoM meM kasa kara rakhA jAtA thA / Ajakala Adhunika sTIla kI AlamAriyoM meM apane mApa ke alyuminiyama ke DabboM meM tAr3apatrIya graMthoM ko surakSita rakhA gayA hai aura unakI vivaraNAtmaka sUcI bhI prakAza meM A gaI hai / prAcIna kAla meM kevala grantha ke nAma mAtra aura patra saMkhyAtmakasUcI rahatI thii| kahIM-kahIM graMthakartA kA nAma bhI apavAda rUpa meM likhA rahatA thA / eka hI vaNDala yA DAbar3e meM kAgaja para likhe aneka grantha rakhe jAte aura unheM kvacit sUta ke Dore meM lapeTa kara dUsare graMtha ke sAtha pannoM ke selamela hone se vacAyA jAtA thaa| kAgaja kI kamI se Ajakala kI bhAMti pUrA kAgaja lape TanA maharya par3ane se kahIM-kahIM kAgaja kI cIpoM meM granthoM ko lapeTa kara, cipakA kara rakhe jAte the| yahI kAraNa hai ki samucita sAra saMbhAla ke abhAva meM granthoM ke khule panne astavyasta hokara apUrNa ho jAte the| vidhur3e pannoM ko milAnA aura granthoM ko pUrNa karanA eka bahuta hI duSkara kArya hai| tADapatrIya granthoM ko usI mApa ke kASThaphalakoM ke bIca kasa kara bAMdhA jAtA thA / katipaya kASThaphalaka vividha citra samRddhi yukta pAye jAte haiM / zikharavaddha jinAlaya, tIrthakara pratimA citra, upAzraya meM jainAcayoM kI vyAkhyAna sabhA, caturdaza mahAsvapna, aSTamaMgalIka, velabUTe, rAjA aura pradhAnAdi rAjyAdhikArI, zrAvaka-zrAvikAeM. vAdidevasUri aura di0 kumudacandra ke zAstrArtha Adi ke citrAMkana pAye jAte haiN| kAgaja ke grantha jina DAvar3e-DivvoM meM rakhe jAte the ve bhI lakar3I yA kUTe ke bane hue hote the, jina para vividha prakAra ke citra banA kara vArniza kara diyA jAtA thaa| una DabboM para namvara lagAne kI paddhati bhI tIrthakara nAma, aSTamaMgalIka Adi ke abhidhAna saMketamaya huA karate the| hastalikhita kAgaja ke grantha pUThA, paTar3I. phATiyA Adi ke vIca rakhe jAte the| pUThoM ko vividha prakAra se makhamala, kAracovI, hAthIdAMta, kAMca va kasIde ke kAma se alaMkRta kiyA jAtA thaa| kaI pUThe cAMdI. sone va candanAdi ke nirmita pAe jAte haiM, jina para aSTa maMgalIka, catudaza mahAsvapnAdi kI manojJa kalAkRtiyAM banI huI haiN| kUTe ke pUThoM para samavasaraNa, neminAtha barAta, dazANabhadra, ilAputra kI naTavidyA Adi viSaya vividha kathA-vastuoM se sambandhita citrAlaMkRti pAI jAtI haiN| kalamadAna lakar3I ke atirikta kUTe ke bhI majabUta halke aura zatAbdiyoM taka na bigar3ane vAle banAe jAte the| hamAre saMgraha meM eka kalamadAna para kRSNalIlA ke vividha citra vidyamAna haiN| jaisalamera kI citra samRddhi meM haMsapaMkti, bagapaMkti, gajapaMkti aura jirApha jaise jIvajantuoM ke citra bhI dekhe gae haiN| 106 ]

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jaina jJAnabhaNDAroM kI vyavasthA sarvatra saMgha ke hastagata rahatI AI hai tathA unakI cAbiyAM manonIta TrasTiyoM ke hAtha meM hote hue bhI zramaNa varga aura yatijanoM ke kuzala saMrakSaNa meM rahane se ye saMrakSita rahe haiN| ayogya uttarAdhikAriyoM ke hAtha meM aneka jJAnabhaNDAra raddI ke bhAva bika kara naSTa ho ge| pustakoM ko rakhane ke lie jahA~ caMdana aura hAthIdAMta se nirmita kalApUrNa Dibbe Adi hote the vahAM choTe-moTe sthAnoM meM miTTI ke mATe, vaita ke piTAre va lakar3I kI peTiyAM va dIvAloM meM bane AloM meM bhI rakhe jAte the| ina granthoM ko dImaka, cUhoM va ThaMDaka se bacAne ke lie yathA-saMbhava upAya kie jAte the| sAMpa kI kaMculI ghor3Avaja Adi auSadhI kI poTalI Adi rakhI jAtI tathA varSAtI havA se bacAne ke lie caumAse meM yathAsaMbhava jJAnabhaNDAra kama hI khole jAte the| granthoM kI prazasti meM likhe zlokoM meM jala, tela, zithila bandhana aura ayogya vyakti ke hAtha se bacAne kI hidAyata satat dI jAtI rahI hai| jaina samAja zAstroM ko atyadhika sammAna kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai| jJAna kA bahumAna, jJAnabhakti Adi kI vizad upAdeyatA nityaprati ke vyavahAra meM parilakSita hotI hai| kalpasUtrAdi AgamoM kI paryuSaNa meM gajArUr3ha zobhAyAtrA nikAlI jAtI hai, jJAnabhakti, jAgaraNAdi kie jAte haiN| bhagavatI sUtrAdi Agama pATha ke samaya dhUpa-dIpa tathA zobhAyAtrA Adi jainoM ke jJAna-bahumAna ke hI pratIka haiN| jJAna pUjA vidhivat kI jAtI hai aura jJAna dravya ke saMrakSaNa-saMvardhana kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai / pustakoM ko dharatI para na rakha kara uccAsana para rakha kara par3hA jAtA hai| use sA~par3A-sA~par3I para rakhate haiM. jise rIla bhI kahate haiN| sA~par3A zabda sampuTa yA sampuTikA saMskRta se banA hai| sAdhu-zrAvaka ke aticAra meM jJAnopakaraNa ke paira, thUka Adi lagane para prAyazcita batAyA hai| isalie baiThane ke Asana para bhI granthoM ko nahIM rakhA jaataa| kavalI: grantha ke patroM ko adhyayana ke hetu kavalI-kapalikA meM lapeTa kara rakhA jAtA thA. jisase patroM ke ur3ane kA bhaya nahIM rhtaa| yaha kavalI bAMsa kI cIpa Adi ko gUMtha kara Upara vastrAdi se mar3hI rahatI thii| bArahavIM zatAbdI meM yugapradhAna zrI jinadattasari jI kI jIvanI meM kavalI-kapalikA kA prayoga honA pAyA jAtA hai| kAMbI: grantha racanA ke anantara granthakAra svayaM yA apane ziSya varga se athavA vizuddhAkSara lekhI lahiyoM se grantha likhavAte the aura vidvAnoM ke dvArA unakA saMzodhana karA liyA jAtA thA / lahiyAM-lekhakoM ko 32 akSara ke anuSTupa chaMda kI akSara gaNanA ke hisAba se lekhana zulka cukAyA jAtA thA / graMtha likhavAne vAloM ke vaMza kI vistRta prazastiyAM likhI jAtIM aura jJAnabhaNDAroM ke saMrakSaNa kI ora savizeSa upadeza diyA jAtA thaa| jJAna paMcamI parva aura unake udyApanAdi ke pIche jJAnopakaraNa vRddhi aura jJAna pracAra kI bhAvanA vizeSa kAryakArI huii| jJAna kI AzAtanA TAlane ke lie jaina saMgha savizeSa jAgaruka rahA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina samAja ke sAtha anya bhAratIya prajA kI apekSA sarasvatI bhaNDAra kA sambandha sarvAdhika rahA hai| bAMsa, kASTha yA hAthIdAMta kI cIjoM kI hotI thii| usI kambikAvalI zabda se kAMbI zabda vanA pratIta hotA hai| cAturmAsa kI varSAtI havA laga kara patroM ko cipaka jAne se bacAne meM kAMbI kA prayoga upayogI thaa| jaina samAja jJAna ke upakaraNa dAvAta, kalama, pATI, pAThA, DorA, kaMvalI, sA~paDA-sA~paDI, kAMbI, bandhana, vITAMgaNA-veSTana, dAvar3A, karaNDiyA Adi ko maharghya dravya se [ 107

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pAribhASika zabda : nirmita aura kalApUrNa nirmita kara kAma meM lAyA hai / granthoM ko jaise ThaNDa se bacAte the vaise dhUpa se bhI bacAyA jAtA thaa| syAhI meM goMda kI adhikatA ho jAne se grantha ke panne paraspara cipaka kara thepar3e ho jAte haiM jinheM kholane ke lie pramANopeta sAdhAraNa ThaMDa pahuMcA kara ThaNDe sthAna meM rakha kara dhIre-dhIre kholA jAtA hai aura akSarAdi naSTa ho jAne se bharasaka bacAne kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| grantha aura graMthabhaNDAra se sambandhita vyakti ko ina bAtoM kA anubhava honA anivArya hai| prastuta nibandha meM aneka jaina pAribhASika zabdoM. upakaraNoM Adi kA paricaya karAyA gayA hai phira bhI kucha pAribhASika zabdoM kA paricaya yahAM upayogI samajha kara karAyA jAtA hai| 1. hastalikhita pustaka ko prati kahate haiM jo pratikRti kA saMkSipta rUpa pratIta hotA hai| 2. hastalikhita prati ke ubhayapakSa meM chor3e hue mArjina ko hAMsiyA kahate haiM aura Upara nIce chor3e hue khAlI sthAna ko jihvA yA jibmA-jIbha kahate haiM / 3. hAMsiye ke UparI bhAga meM grantha kA nAma, patrAMka, adhyayana, sarga, ucchavAsa Adi likhe jAte haiM jise huNDI kahate haiN| 4. grantha kI viSayAnukramaNikA ko vIjaka nAma se sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai| granthoM kI rakSA ke lie prazasti meM lipikartA nimnokta zloka likhA karate the jalAdrakSet sthalAd rakSet rakSet zithilabandhanAt / mUrkhahaste na dAtavyA evaM vadati pustikA // 1 // agne rakSet jalAda rakSet mUSakebhyo vizeSataH / kaSTena likhitaM zAstraM yatnena pratipAlayet / / 2 / / udakAnilacaurebhyaH mUSakebhyo hutAzanAta / kaSTena likhitaM zAstraM yatnena pratipAlayet // 3 / / ityAdi jJAnapaMcamI parva: jJAna kI rakSA aura sevA ke lie jJAna paMcamI parva kA pracalana huA aura isake mAdhyama se jJAnopakaraNoM kA pracuratA se nirmANa hokara jJAnabhaNDAroM kI abhivRddhi kI gii| jJAna paMcamI parvArAdhana ke bahAne jJAna kI pUrI sAra-saMbhAla hone lgii| udyApanAdi meM Ae hue mUlyavAna candave-puThiye, jhilamila veSTana Adi vividha vastuoM ko AkarSaka aura samRddhipUrNa DhaMga se sajAye jAne lge| jJAna kI vAstavika sAra-saMbhAla ko bhUla kara kevala bAhya sajAvaTa meM race-pace samAja ko dekha kara eka bAra mahAtmA gAMdhI jaisA sAtvika vRtti vAle mahApuruSa ko kahanA par3A ki "yadi corI kA pApa na lagatA ho to maiM isa jJAna upAdAnoM ko jaina samAja se chIna lUM kyoMki ve kevala sajAnA jAnate haiM. jJAnopAsanA nhiiN|" astu / 5. pustakoM ke likhita akSaroM kI gaNanA karake use granthAna tathA anta meM samasta adhyAyAdi ke zlokoM ko milAkara sarva grantha yA sarvagranthAgrantha saMkhyA likhA jAtA hai| 6. mUla jainAgamoM para racI huI gAthAbaddha TIkAoM ko niyukti kahate haiM / 7. mUla Agama aura niyukti para racI huI vistRta gAthAbaddha vyAkhyA ko bhASya yA mahAbhASya kahate haiM / bhASya aura mahAbhASya sIdhe mUlasUtra para bhI ho sakate haiN| yoM niyukti, bhASya aura mahAbhASya ye saba gAthAvaddha TIkA grantha hote haiM / 8. mUla sUtra, niyukti, bhASya aura mahAbhASya para prAkRta-saMskRta mizrita gadyabaddha TIkA ko cUNi aura vizeSa cUNi nAma se pahacAnA jAtA hai / 9. jainAgamAdi granthoM para jo choTI-moTI saMskRta vyAkhyA hotI hai use vRtti, TIkA, vyAkhyA. vArtika, 107 ]

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TippaNaka, avacUri, avacUrNi, viSama pada vyAkhyA, viSama pada paryAya Adi vividha nAmoM se saMbodhita kiyA jAtA hai| 10. jainAgamAdi para gujarAtI, mAravAr3I. hindI Adi bhASAoM meM jo anuvAda kiyA jAtA hai, use stabaka TabA yA TavArtha kahate haiN| vistRta vivecana bAlAvabodha kahalAtA hai| 11. mUla jainAgamoM kI gAthAbaddha viSayAnukramaNikA viSaya varNanAtmaka gAthAbaddha prakaraNa ko evaM kitanI hI bAra prAkRta-saMskRta mizrita saMkSipta vyAkhyA ko bhI saMgrahaNI nAma diyA jAtA hai| isa nibandha meM zvetAmbara jJAna bhaNDAroM ke anubhava ke AdhAra para prApta sAmagrI para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / digambara samAja ke jJAna bhaNDAra va lekhana sAmagrI para adhyayana apekSita hai / zvetAmbara samAja meM vizeSakara mandira AmnAya ke sAhitya para vizeSa parizIlana huA hai / AgamaprabhAkara parama pUjya munirAja zrI puNyavijaya jI mahArAja kI "bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhanakalA" nibandha para AdhArita yaha saMkSipta abhivyakti hai| paryaSaNa parva meM kalpasUtra kI zobhAyAtrA [ 109

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tatvajJa surapati vimala buddhivAna stavanA jo krii| trijaga manahara zabda racanA udAra vidvattA bhrii| AdinAtha jineza kA guNa gAna mana utsuka bhayA / Azcarya zaktihIna bhI isa kArya meM udyata huA / / 2 / / prativimba jala ke candra ko bhI hastagata karane ythaa| avodha zizu ajJAnavaza hotA samudyata hai tathA / / vibudha pUjita nAtha terA stavana karane ke lie| bAla cAla avazya kintu sudhIjana karuNA hiye // 3 // bhaktAmara stotra ( hindI padyAnuvAda ) guNaratna ke sAgara bhare prabhu kI asaMbhava vrnnnaa| asamartha suraguru bhI rahe pUraNa jahA~ sujJAna garimA !! durddharSa sAgara pralaya vAyu se udvelita jo rhaa| tirane use nirdala bhujA se kauna hai samaratha mahA / / 8 / / bhakti prerita ApakI muninAtha maiM udyata huaa| karane lagA guNa gAna zuci asamarthatA bhUlA bhayA / / jyoM prItivaza nija zizu bacAne ko mRgI jAtI bhlii| vanarAja se nirbhaya banI sAhasa sahita bhir3ane calI / / 5 / / [samasta jaina samAja meM bhaktAmara stotra kA pracAra sarvAdhika hai| isake nityapAThI bhI bahu saMkhyaka loga haiN| isa para aneka TIkA. vArtA, yaMtrAdi saha sacitrapratiyA~ bhI upalabdha haiN| lagabhaga 75 padyAnuvAdoM kA vibhinna kaviyoM dvArA nimita saMgraha paM0 kamalakumArajI jaina ne kiyA hai| maiMne pahale bhaktAmara kA gujarAtI padyAnuvAda prastuta kiyA. abhI hindI padya racanA likhakara kuzala-nirdeza meM sarvaprathama prakAzita kI hai| saMskRta bhASA ko samajhane vAle sImita haiM: AzA hai isase artha samajha kara bhaktAmara-pAThI bandhu adhikAdhika lAbha utthaaveNge| yadyapi zve0 samAja meM 44 gAthAe pracalita haiM para maiMne aSTa-prAtihAryoM kI pUrNatA ke hetu 48 gAthAoM ke hI padyAnuvAda kiye haiN| ] parihAsa lAyaka hU~ sahI zruta-jJAniyoM ke sAmane / kintu bhakti ApakI suprayAsa ko preraka bane / madhu mAsa mukurita maMjarI ke hI sazakta pratApa se / koyala madhura svara kUkatI hai mohanI AlApa se // 6 // bhava bhramaNa saMcita pApa rAzi rahI AtmA se judd'ii| kSaNa mAtra meM ho stavana karate kSINa jo choTI vdd'ii| nizi jagadvyApI timira kA jyoM aMzumAlI udaya teN| tama nAza ho avilaMba uSAkAla prAtaH samaya meM // 7 // harigIta chanda surendra bhaktoM ke mukuTamaNi se prabhAnvita caraNa hai| tama pApa nAzaka Adi jinakA namana azaraNa praraNa hai / / saMsAra sAgara DUbatoM ke eka mAtra AdhAra hai| ataeva pada yuga meM namana merA samyaka AcAra hai ||1|| nalinI dala jala-kaNa par3e jyoM bhAsate muktA shii| rasahIna mere vAkya bhI prabhu ke guNAvali yukta hii|| sajjana subhakta sudhIjanoM ke mana hare nizcaya yhii| utkRSTa racanA paMkti meM ho mAnyatA avazya hI // 8|| 110]

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kiraNa uSAkAla par3ate kamala sahu vikasita hue| gatadoSa prabhu tava satkathA se pApa puJja sabhI dhe| sUrya to ati dUra hai para kiraNa par3ate hI abhii| sara sthita kumuda vikAsa sama stotra guNa jAneM sabhI / / 9 / / tela bAtI hIna nahIM kiMcit bhI raThatA dhUma hai| aisA ajaba dIpaka prakAzaka tIna loka anyUna hai| parvata prakampI vAyu bhI nahIM vujhA sakatI hai jise / he nAtha Apa sva-para prakAzI upamAna meM rakheM kise / / 16 / / he bhuvana-bhUSaNa ! nAtha nahIM Azcarya Apa zaraNya haiN| nija tulya sevaka kareM svAmI Apa saha kAruNya haiN| maiM bhI tumhArI bhakti se icchU na kyoM smkksstaa| guNa stavana karake nAma se nizcaya lahU~ pada siddha kA ||10|| bhAnu to hai asta hotA sadodita prabhu Apa haiN| rAhU na jisako lIlatA vArida AvaraNa avyApa haiN| sImita prakAzaka divasa meM jo sUrya kI upamA khaaN| mahA mahimAvaMta munipati ApakA Asana jahA~ / / 17 / / animeSa darzana kara prabhu sama rUpa anya sthAna meM / nahIM prApti nahIM saMtuSTi bhI aMtara hRdaya abhirAma meM / / kSIrasAgara caMdra yati jala amRtopama pAna kara / kauna vAMchaka lavaNa jala ke pAna kA jo azucikara / / 11 / / mahA mohAndhakAra nAzaka ApakA mukha caMdramA / sarvadA hai udita jo zrI kAnti yukta anopamA // rAhu grase nahiM ghana-ghaTAoM se bhI ana Avarita jo / zomA vilakSaNa caMdra tulanA nahIM trijaga udyota ko ||18|| paramANu uttama zAMti ke jo rahe tribhuvana sAramaya / vejor3a racanA deha jinakI huI jaga jana naSTa bhaya / / savahI aNu Akara jur3e anyatra to aprApta haiN| prazAnta saha guNa puMja to jina deha meM hI vyApta hai / / 12 / / aharniza mukha caMdra prabhu kA dIptimaya anavarata hai| to rAtri meM zazi aura dina meM bhAnu bhI to vyartha hai| vanarAji vikasita dhAnya zobhita deza meM jalavRSTi kaa|' nahiM kAma zIta ru tApa kA jala mAtra kAdAsRSTi kA ||19|| sura nAga nara AnaMdadAtA ApakA mukha caMdra hai| trailokya anupama vastu sahu pratiyogitA meM maMda haiM | mlAna mukha dina meM kalaMkita bhAsatA jo hai shshii| pIta varNa palAza sA chavihIna dekhata haiM sabhI / / 13 / / maNi-ratna meM jo divya jyoti bhAsamAna rahe sadA / vaha vAlU nirmita kAMca meM nahiM prApta ho sakatI kadA // sva-para bhAvoM ke prakAzaka nAtha kA jo mahatva hai| hari brahma ziva prabhRti meM aprApya vaisA sattva hai !|20|| yUrNimA ke caMdra sama ujjvala tumhArI jyotsanA / vyApta tribhuvana meM sahu guNa trijaganAtha mahAmanA / / / prabhu zaraNadAtA Apake Azrita sabhI to haiM shii| vicareM abAdhita yathA icchA koI aTakAve nahIM ||14|| dekhanA lagatA hai mujhako deva harihara ThIka ho| kara doSa guNa tulanA prabhu se huI saMtuSTi sahI // guNa mAnatA maiM parIkSA kara Apa prati zraddhA aTala / jo ho gaIbhava bhavAntara meM rahegI zAzvata acala ||21|| devAMganA rati raMbha Adika citta caMcala kaarikaa| hariharAdi ko harAye kintu jina nirvikAratA / / pralaya kAla tUphAna se haiM Dolate sava girivarA / * maMdarAdri zikhara jyoM prabhu nirvikAra rahe sthirA ||15|| suta janma detI hai hajAroM nAriyA~ nita loka meM / kintu nahiM samakakSa prabhu ke lakSa lakSa aneka meM / dizi-vidizi meM nakSatra tAre udita agaNita haiM shii| prAcI dizA vina anya koI bhAnu upajAtI nahIM // 22 // [ 111

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sAdhaka munijana sudhijana saba Apako prmaatmaa| ajJAnatama ko haraNakArI mAnate sUraja samA / / ho jAeM mRtyuMjayI hama bhI Apako pAkara shii| nahIM anya ziva pada mArga koI mAnyatA merI yahI // 23 // svarNima sumeru zikhara para jyoM vAra suci nirjhara vhe| tyoM ubhaya aura jinendra ke hI zubhra cAmara duli rahe / / zazi samujjvala vAridhArA sama lakheM ati shobhtii| tIsare pratihArya varNana lahara bhavi mana mohatI // 30!! guNa gAna karane saMtajana to niraMtara udyama kre| avyaya anaMta anUpa Adya aciMtya asaMkhya prabhu khare / / sarvajJa eka aneka brahmA kAmaketu yogIzvarA / yoga mAraga amala jJAtA jaya jayo jagadIzvarA // 24 // zazi samujjvala chatratraya ravi tApa sarva nivaarte| zveta muktAphala lar3I bejor3a zobhA dhArate / / tIna jaga ke nAtha ko aizvaryatA yaha pragaTa hai| paramAtma kI pratihArya mahimA pAra pAnA vikTa hai // 31 // vibudha pUjita bodha-dAyaka Apa nizcita vara ho| trailokya ke kalyANa kartA Apa zaMkara zuddha ho| ziva mArga kI vidhi ke vidhAtA satya hI to Apa ho| Apa uttama puruSa bhagavan puruSottama gata pApa ho // 25 // devagaNa gaMbhIra svara se vAdyadhvani vistiiryte| Adi jina kI dazo-diza meM yazo gAthA gIyate // sadharma kI jaya-ghoSaNA mukharita huI sava deza meM ! daMdubhi pratihArya paMcama tridazapati saMdeza meM !!32 / / trailokya ke cintAnivAraka nAtha tumako namana hai! sakala bhUtala AbharaNa suvizuddha prabhu ko namana hai / tIna jaga aizvaryazAlI paramezvara tumheM namana hai| bhava jaladhi zoSaka parama tAraka jinezvara ko namana hai // 26 / / paMcavarNI sumana vRSTi pArijAta mandAra ke| naMdana-vanAdi merugiri utpanna bhinna bahAra ke|| samavasaraNa suzobhatI jyoM paMcAMgI vANI khirii| pratihArya chaTThA bahu sugaMdhita dvAdazAMgI anusarI // 33 / / muni Iza tere hRdaya meM guNa gaNa sakala Akara bse| avakAza leza nahIM rahA abhimAna se avaguNa khise / anya devoM meM hameM paryApta Azraya mila rahA / sagarva veparvAha ho sapane meM nahIM AnA cahA // 27|| dya tivaMta amita sujyoti zobhita prabhAmaNDala nAtha kaa| koTi sUraja : zazi sumizrita teja zItala sAtha thaa| aMdhakAra nAzaka rAtri kA prabhu teja puMja suhAvanA / sAtavAM pratihArya jinavara pRSThe zobhita ati ghanA // 34 / / vRkSa bAraha guNA UMcA prAtihArya prathama khraa| azoka tala kAlI ghaTA meM vimala bhAnU jinavarA / / dezanA vitarita kiraNa se jana bhavya kamala viksvraa| mumukSu jana ke hRdayagata ajJAna-pApa-tamo-harA // 28 // AThavA~ pratihArya bhASA se saMbaMdhita nAtha kaa| svargApavargI pathapradarzaka tatva dhArmika gAtha kA // nija bhASa meM sahu dezabhASI kalanA saralatA se kre| sarva bhASA zabda sparzI jinopadeza hiye dhare // 35 // maNi kiraNa se suvicitra citrita siMhAsanopari raajte| jyoM aMzumAlI udayagiri para manasi kavijana bhAsate / / AdIza jinakI deha kaMcana varNa kI mahimAmayI / pratihArya yaha bhavijana kumuda ko zIghra karatA nirbhayI // 29|| bhagavAna pada dharate jahAM kaMcana kamala saMcAra ho| aisI vyavasthA bhakta suragaNa kare dharma pracAra ko / / nakha kAMti kiraNeM camakatI jinarAja aise atishyii| bhavabhramaNa-hArI tIrthapati kI hai parama garimA sahI // 36|| 112)

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jo samRddhi samavasaraNe nAtha 1 bAraha upadeza pratibhA anya devoM meM nahIM milatI tArA gaNoM meM camaka kintu bhAnu kI asamartha karane ko sahI aMdhakAra varjita pariSadA / kadA // na barAvarI / zarvarI ||37|| madamatta karivara kapoloM para bhramara gaNa maMDarA rahe / kupita ho uddhata airAvata sama cidhAr3a macA rahe / / aise bhayAnaka sthAna meM taba bhakta rahate nirmayI / kAraNa hRdaya meM ApakA Asana sadA sthita hai sahI ||38|| madamatta gaja kuMmasthaloM ko palaka meM jo vidAratA / rakta-raMjita zveta muktA se jo bhUmi siMgAratA / / bejor3a aise zaktizAlI zera kI asamarthatA / AkramaNa na kare caraNa yuga giri kI lahe jo zaraNatA ||39|| tralayaMkara tUphAna prerita agni ke zole udd'e| dAvAgni jo sarvasvabhakSI kauna kaho usase bhIr3e // prabhu nAma kIrtana vAri siMcita bhakta jana nirbhaya rahe / AdIza prabhu ke nAma se to agni zItalatA lahe ||40|| pika kaNTha jaisA nAga kAlA phana uThAkara sAmane / phuMkAra karatA lAla A~kheM bhayaMkara AtA vane || prabhu nAma vidyA nAgadamanI jisa bhakta ke hirade vase / nirbhaya nirAkula zIghra vaha zira caraNa rakha karake dhase ||41|| gaja azva topeM aura pAyaka ratha sahita caturaMgiNI | sAmane senA nRpati gaNakI cakravyUha vikaTa banI // saMgrAma meM prabhu bhaktidhara jo bhir3e zatru para vijaya pAtA sahI jyoM aMzumAlI kiraNa se aMdhakAra kSaya // 42 // kIcar3a macA saMgrAma meM gaja rakta dhAra pravAha se| vora zatru zastra camake adamanIya utsAha se | aisI vikaTa raNabhUmi meM durjeya para bhI jaya lhe| prabhu caraNa Azrita bhavya jana to nA kabhI bhI dukha sahe ||43|| bhISaNa magaramaccha jahA~ rahate Dolate dariyAva meM / bar3avAgni aura tUphAna kA bhaya vdha taraMga pravAha meM // DagamagAte date jo jahAja samudra samAdhi meN| prabhu nAma zaraNA jo grahe vaha taTa lahe nirUpAdhi se ||44|| roga bhoga jalodarAdi kA mahA vikarAla hai| udara bhAra asahA pIr3A jIvitavya behAla hai // AdIza prabhu ke pada rajAmRta he bhakti prayoga se madanavat lAvaNya ho jAtA surata gata roga se ||45|| paga hAtha meM ber3I par3I jaMjIra khAlI kaNTha meM ubhaya jAMgheM ghisa rahI jo haiM nivijJatara paMdha meM | aisA manuja RSameza terA nAma jApa tatkAla baMdhana bhaya rahita svayameva ho jAtA gajamatta siMha dAvAnalAdi aura viSadhara nAga ke saMgrAma sAgara mahAvyAdhi jalodara kuSThAdi ke !! kaida kArAgAra ke bhI bhaya aSTa jo Upara khe| AdIza prabhu kA stavana karate bhakta saha nirbhaya hue // 47 // kare sadA / tadA ||46 // vicitra jina guNa sumana se gUMthI yahI virudAvalI / bhakti pUrita bahu rucira jina kaNTha meM sthApI bhalI // prabhu mAnatuMga subhakta racanA hai prabhAvaka phalapradA / dhanalakSmI sahajAnaMda prabhu pada kaja 'bhaMvara' kahe mudA // 48 // // iti zrI bhaktAmara stotra hindI padyAnuvAda saMpUrNam // [ 113

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zrI kalyANamandira stotra (padyAnuvAda) harigIta chanda audArya vAle agha vinAzaka niketana kalyANa ke zreSThatam haiN| abhayaprada bhayabhIta jagajana prANi ke // saMsAra sAgara DUbate jana azeSa ko jalapota sama / uddhArakArI jina caraNa-kaja meM namana karate haiM hama ||1|| guNa ke mahodadhi jinezvara kI stuti karane ko svayaM / asamartha suraguru vipula mati haiM yena kRta vAdI jayaM // kamaTha zaTha abhimAna cUraka dhUmaketu dhUmaketu bhasmakara | sama tIrthapati kI alpadhI meM kyA sakUMgA stuti kara ||2|| he nAtha, sAdhAraNatayA bhI rUpa varNana aapkaa| maiM manda buddhi vyakti kaise karU tava guNa gAtha kA // aMdhA divasa kA ghUka zizu kyA dinamaNi kI vrnnnaa| samaratha kabhI hogA ? nahIM, mere liye tyoM samajhanA ||3|| mohakSaya kevalya prApti se jo nara anubhava kre| nAtha taba ginane guNoM kI nA kabhI kSamatA dhare // kalpAnta jala phailA tabhI hai ratnarAzi amApa jo / asamartha ho jAe~ge karane sabhI gaNanA mApa ko ||4|| jar3a buddhi maiM udyata huA hU~ stavana karane nAtha kA / guNa asaMkhya guNodadhi ke kathana vistRta gAtha kA // phailAya nija bhuja bAla jaise udadhi ke vistAra ko / varNana kare tyoM maiM bhI kahatA prabhu guNoM ke pAra ko ||5|| 114 ] Apake niHsIma guNa kI varNanA to yogijana / asamartha karane ko batAye to kahA~ avakAza mama // avicAra mUlaka kArya merA merA tadanurUpI jAniye / pakSigaNa avyakta bole tyoM mujhe hI mAniye ||6|| mana vacana se ajJAta mahimA tava stuti to dUra hai| nAma se bhI bhava bhramaNa ho jAe naSTa jarUra hai / / tIvra Atapa grISma meM pIr3ita pathika jana pdm-sr| kI bAta kyA ? usakI sarasa vAyu bhI hai AnaMdakara ||7|| - jaba hoM virAjita Apa svAmI nAtha ! mAnava ke hRdaya / karma-bandhana prabalatama jAte zithila ho abhaya maya // vana madhya caMdana vRkSa ke saba sarpa maya bandhana zithila / mayUra kA Agamana jaya ho bhAga jAte sarpa mila ||5|| jinendra prabhu ke darzanoM se zata-zata upadrava naSTa ho| tatkAla mAnava ke sabhI jo bhI bhayaMkara kaSTa ho / tejasvI napa gopAla bhAnu ke daraza se cora jyoM saba bhAga jAte haiM pazujana mukta nirbhaya hota tyoM ||9|| kisa taraha tAraka jineshvr| Apa bhavijana bhakta ke ve hRdaya sthira kara Apako hI tairate bhava samudra se // kintu sahI yaha bAta hai jyoM pavana se pUrita mazaka vAyu prabhAva hai vastutaH jA madhyasthita nahIM leza zaka ||10|| hataprabha hue haiM hariharAdi deva ratipati sAmane / kSaNa mAtra meM pravinaSTa kara DAlA hai bhagavan Apane || jala zAnta karatA agni ko hai usa udadhi ke vAri ko / vaDavAgni durdara lIla jAtI hai tyoM mArA mAra ko || 11|| he nAtha, zaraNAgata aparimita niHsIma hai jo prANijana aprayAsa hI nistAra ho jAte bhavodadhi zIghratama // dhAra nija hRdaye tumheM AzcaryakArI dAva hai| mAnanA hogA mahApuruSa kA acintya prabhAva hai || 12 ||

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kara diyA prabhu Apane pravinaSTa krodha kaSAya ko / dhvasta phira kaise kiyA hai karma taskara rAva ko // satya zata pradhAna bhI himapAta jyoM vanarAji ko / dagdha kara dete prabhu, tyoM aSTa karma samAja ko ||13|| saMdhAna rata jyoM yogijana haiM hRdaya meM prabhurUpa ko / nizcaya kamala dala karNikA meM rAkhate jina bhUpa jo // kAntimaya jIvana amala hai anya sthala bhI to kho| saMbhava nahIM hai yahI kAraNa dhArya karate mauna ho ||14|| karate ApakA / jinendra ! saMsArastha prANI dhyAna azarIrI hote deha taja kSaNa mAtra paramAtama dazA || jyoM dhAtue~ mRtikA meM mizrita tIvra agni saMyoga se / dRSad kSaya svarNatva prApti hota dIpti oja se ||15|| jisa deha mAdhyama bhaktajana bhavadIya anveSaNa kareM / naSTa kara dete use Azcarya nahIM poSaNa kareM || satya hai niSpakSa madhyastha mahAnubhAva svabhAva yaha / AzritoM ke kleza vigraha haTA deM sadbhAva saha // 16 // abheda buddhi prabhAva se dhyAtA vibudha jana Apake / Apa sadRza AtamA saprabhAva hoM gata pApa se // maNi maMtramaMtrita vAri jaise amRtopama ho gyaa| viSajanya sarva vikAra kA anivArya hI nAzaka gayA // 17 // hariharAdi anya ko jo Iza buddhacA maantaa| guNa vItarAgI bhAva se vAstava meM tava zaraNAgatA // pIliyA rogI jyoM zaMkhAdi meM pIle raMga ko / nahIM dekhatA kyA ? tyahi dRSTi-rAgi apane aMga ko ||18|| dharmopadeza sAmIpya se suprabhAva vRkSa azokalA / pAtA hai manuja samAja tyoMhI zoka rahita amoghatA // tyAga karatA nIMda mAnava udita sUrya pratApa se / tyoM jIvaloka prabuddha hote kamala apane Apa se || 19|| sura puSpa vRSTi samavazaraNe vRnta baMdha adhomukhI / girate haiM avirala vikasvara tyoM manuja hotA sukhI / / sumana zobhana citta vAle Apake upadeza se / nara-deva baMdhana rahita hoM sadbodhaamRta leza se ||20|| gaMbhIra hadgata Apake utpanna vacana manoharA / amara bhavyoM ko banAne amiya kI upamAdharA // zravaNa puTa se pAnakara jarA-janma-mRtyu duHkha se chUTa jAte bhavyajana ho tuSTa Atmika sukha se ||21|| zveta cAmara ko dalAte dekha jhukakara uccatara | bhakti prerita devagaNa rahasya maya pratihArya kara // dete mauna sUcanA haiM namratA se namo inheM / Urddhagati nizcita milegI mokSa pAnA hai jinheM ||22|| prabhu ratnamaya ujjvala siMhAsana para virAjita hoM jbhii| gaMbhIra dhvanimaya dezanA sunate haiM bhavya mayUra bhI / / da. khate aise haiM mAno svarNa meru zikhara para / " nava megha garjita ucca svara Alokate Azcarya bhara ||23|| nIla kAnti uTha rahI jo nAtha divya zarIra se / azoka taru ke lAla pase badaraMga lakheM adhIra se // vItarAga vANI ApakI prabhu ! zravaNa kara deM dhyAna bhii| prANI sacetana kauna haiM? vairAgya prApta na ho tabhI ||24|| he mokSapura ke yAtriyoM ! Alasya Alasya vyAgo zIghratara / sevA karo jinadeva kI Akara bano ajarA amara // deva dubhi vyoma guMjata de rahI cetAvanI / ye sArthapati nivRttipurI ke caraNa sevo sira namI ||25|| Aloka prabhu hai ApakA tryaloka vyApI ho rhaa| tapa haTA jaba candra tArA kA adhikAra nahIM rahA / muktA jaTita hI candramA misa tIna chatroM ke sahI / sevArtha prastuta ho gayA mAnoM suzobhita vana yahIM // 26 // [ 115

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mANikyamaya aru hemamaya haiM raupyamaya traya koTa jo| kAnti pratApa yazapiNDa hI dIkhate giri oTa so // vistRta hue sarvatra prabhu guNa sthAna rikta nahIM milaa| samavasaraNa prabhu ke caturdika vyAja se zobhita kilA ||27|| devendra namate Apako to puSpamAlA divya bhI / ratnamaya mauli mukuTa rAjaI Azrita bhavya thI // ucita hI hai kArya unakA zrI caraNa zaraNA grahe / sumana zobhana puruSa bhI anyatra santuSTi na lahe // 28 // he nAtha bhavajala udadhi se to parAGmukha pratikUla haiN| para bhakta Azrita jana sunizcita tArate bina bhUla haiM / ghar3A miTTI kA adhomukha nadI pAra utAratA / Azcarya karma vipAka virahita yahI tatva kI sAratA ||29|| jana sarva pratipAlaka prabhu haiM, Iza sAre vizva ke / durjJeya durlabha haiM, apitu saMsAra vAsI jIva ke || akSara svabhAvI nitya haiM alipi alipta mahAna haiN| rakSA kare ajJaprANI kI sva para prakAzI jJAna hai ||30|| dhUlivarSA kamaTha zaTha ne kI bhayaMkara nAtha para / kruddha thA vaha dazabhavoM se diyA samagra AkAza bhara || vigar3A na kucha bhI ApakA chAyA malina bhI nahIM huii| svayameva grasta durAtma vaha prabhu dhyAnamagna rahe sahI ||31|| he jina / kamaTha usa daitya ne garjana bhayaMkara megha se / kara vRSTi mUsaladhAra vidyat kar3akatI ati vega se // athAha dustara vAri se bhI nahiM kucha hAni huI / apitu durAtmA kamaTha ko asidhAra sama pariNata bhaI ||32|| / keza vikhare agnimukha vikRta vadana naramuNDa kI mAlA par3I kutsita bhayaMkara pizAcoM ke kaNTha thI // aprabhAvita prabhu rahe usake bhayaMkara jAla se / bhava bhava bhayaMkara duHkha se vaha grasta karma jaMjAla se ||33|| 116] he trijaga svAmI dhanya hai jo bhakta ArAdhana prazasta trikAla upAsanA karate prabhu caraNoM romA ho ullAsa pUrvaka anya sAphalya lAbha kareM vahI saMsAra se kare | par3e | par3e // / kAraja chor3a ke mukha mor3a ke ||34|| he munipati ! saMsAra sAgara meM anante kAla se / paribhramaNa meM karatA rahA mithyA anAdi cAla se // dekhA sunA nahIM nAma gotra prabhu ke supAvana maMtra ko anyathA ye vipatti nAgina kyoM grasata mama taMtra ko || 35 // janma janmAntara kamI nahIM Apake prabhu caraNa kii| abhISTa phala dAtAra jo sAphalya azaraNa zaraNa bhI // ArAdhanA na upAsanA kI kheda khinna banA prabhu / anyathA kyoM hRdaya drAvaka tiraskRta hotA vibhU ||36|| avazya hA mama netra para mohAndhatA chAyI rahI / vaMcita rahA prabhu darzanoM se mAnatA maiM to yahI / / anyathA ye marmabhedI anartha pIr3A jo sahI / tatra bhakta to hotA kabhI bhI duHkha kA bhAjana nahIM ||37|| jaga bandhu ! dhyAyA nAma pAvana sunA yA darzana kiyaa| ho bAhya draSTA bhAva bhakti hIna bina nirmala hiyA // yahI kAraNa Ajataka maiM duHkha bhAjana ho rhaa| bhAva zUnya kriyA kabhI nahIM saphala zAstroM meM kahA ||38|| he dona-bandhI nAtha pAlaka Apa hai zaraNAgatA / jitendriyoM meM zreSTha parama kRpAlu dhAma pavitratA // sadmakti nata hU~ maheza hai| mujha para dayA dRSTi kro| saMsAra duHkha kI jar3a ukhAr3o zIghra tatparatA karo ||39|| he tIna loka pavitra kartA azaraNa zaraNa haiM Apa to / ke caraNAvalaMbana prApta jana naSTa karate pApako // durbhAgya meM pAkara bhI svAmI dhyAna zUnya sadA rhaa| hata karma se hU~ khinna bhagavan ! aba nahIM jAtA sahA ||40||

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vandanIya surendragaNa ke sarvajJAtA Apa haiN| saMsAra tAraka siddhi dAtA tIna jaga ke nAtha haiN| dukha udadhi meM DUbatA merI surakSA kiijie| karuNA samudra sudRSTi kara supavitratA mujha dIjie ||4|| he jinavarendra ! aTUTa zraddhA-prema-bhakti bhAva se| / mukha kamala romAMca pUrita animiSa dRSTi jamAva se // lakSya pUrvaka bhavya jana stavanA kareM vidhi sahita jo| prabhu biMba nirmala zakti dAtA kare virahita durita jo // 43|| he nAtha ! maiM taba caraNa kA tuccha bhakta hU~ cirakAla se| yadi bhakti-saMcita-phala mile mA~gaM zaraNa pratipAla se / janma-janmAntara meM mere Apa hI svAmo bneN| aura nahIM kucha kAmanA yaha prArthanA merI suneM / / 42 // bhakta jana ke netra rUpI kumuda vikasitakAra haiN| vimala caMdra atyanta sundara aura rahita vikAra haiM / / svarga kI Rddhi amita ve sampadAe' bhoga kr|| karmamala se rahita satvara siddha hovaM mukti vara // 44|| / / iti zrI kalyANamandira stotra hindI padyAnuvAda saMpUrNam / / bhagavAna pArzvanAtha va zAntinAtha [ 117

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krodhAgni se to dagdha hU~ maiM lobha sarpa DasA mujhe| mAna ajagara ne nigala DAlA kahaM kyA prabhu tujhe / / phaMsA mAyika jAla meM hU~ moha mugdha vikala dshaa| kaise bhajU prabhu Apako hU~ cora pallI meM vasA / / 5 / / iha bhave yA parabhave nahiM hita kiyA maiMne kbhii| jisase na pAyA trijagapati maiM sukha kiMcita bhI abhI / / janma merA mAtra yoM bhava pUrNa karane ko shii| ajJAna vaza nara janma se bhI lAbha kucha pAyA nahIM ||6|| ratnAkara-paccIsI (hindI padyAnuvAda) AnandadAtA nAtha taba mukhacandra se amRta jhare / to bhI nahIM mana sikta hotA bhakti gaMgA se are / / pASANa se bhI kaThina merA mana nahIM hotA dravita / capalatA markaTa sarisa nahIM ho kabhI ekAgra citta |7|| krIr3A bhavana mAMgalya ke prabhu mokSa lakSmI dhAma ho| nara amara aura surendra se pAda-padma lalAma ho || sarvajJa draSTA sarva atizaya dhAra Apa pradhAna ho| cirakAla jayavaMte raho saha kalA jJAna nidhAna ho ||1|| bhava bhramaNa karate kAla-labdhi pA kRpA prabhu aapkii| duSprApya darzana jJAna cAritra nAza bhava saMtApa kI / / nidrA pramAda kaSAya ke vazavartI bana kara kho diyA / he nAtha, kaha~ jAkara pukArU' bhUla maiMne hI kiyA / / 8 / / karuNAvatAra mahAna aru traya jagata ke AdhAra ho| dhanvantarI duHsAdhya vAraka bhava bhramaNa vikAra ko / / gata rAga prabhu ho vijJa to bhI kahU~ madrika bhAva se| hArdika suneM kucha prArthanA merI sakaruNA bhAva se // 2 // vizva vaMcana ke lie vairAgya raMga pradarzitA / loka raMjana hetu zAbdika jAla yuta upadezitA / / mAtra vAda vivAda hetu adhyayana jo kucha kiyaa| bAhya sAdhu svAMga dhArI daMbha pUrita mama hiyA / / 9 / / kyA bAla lIlA kalita zizu mAtA-pitA ke sAmane / krIr3A na karatA aura jyoM tyoM zabda bolata mana-mane // tyoM nAtha caraNoM meM yathAsthita bAta pazcAtApa se| Azaya nivedana kara rahA hU~ sarala mana AlApa se // 3 // mukha malina paradoSa bhASaNa yoga se merA huaa| para-nAri prati AkRSTa hokara netra dvaya dUSita kiyA / dUsaroM kA azubha ciMtana citta kaluSita ho gyaa| kyA kahUM merA bhaviSya aMdhakAra pUraNa ho rahA // 10 // dAridraya nAzaka dAna nahiM kiyA na pAlA zIla bhii| durgati nivAraka aura tapa se damana idriya kA kamI / / antarAtma meM zubha bhAvanA nahiM kI caturvidha dharma kii| niSphala gayA bhava bhramaNa merA nahiM kiyA satkarma bhI // 4 // kara rahA hai kAma rAkSasa vir3ambita viSayAndha huuN| hRdaya drAvaka mama bhayaMkara dazA kaise prabhu kahU~ / / sarvajJa prabhu jAno sabhI to bhI prakaTa hU~ kara rhaa| tyAga lajjA nAtha Age hRdaya halkA kara kahA ||11|| 118]

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isa loka hitakara tuccha maMtroM kuzAstroM ko citta dhrii| navakAra aura jinAgamoM kI upekSA maiMne krii|| asatsaMga kudeva ke duSkarma bahu saMcaya kiyaa| merA matibhrama nAtha kaMkara pAya ratna gavAM diyA ||12|| raha kAma dhena kalpataru cintAmaNi kI khoja meN| Asakta hokara daHkha uThAyA bhavAnandI mauja meM / jina dharma jo pratyakSa dAtA mokSa sukha kA hai shii| mujha mUr3hatA ko nAtha dekho, sevana sucAru kiyA nahIM // 19 // dRSTigata prabhu Apako taja ajJa maiMne kyA kiyaa| dhyAya madana ko hRdayagata kara kalpavRkSa bhulA diyA / / kaTAkSa dRSTi uroja nAbhi nArI kI sundara kaTi / zRgAra viSaya vilAsa viSa AkRSTa ho dekhA ati / / 13 / / uttama gine bhogoM ko maiMne roga sama mAne nhiiN| dhana Agamana icchA karI para nidhana AzaMkA nahIM / / naraka kArAgAra sama ramaNI hai nahiM cintana kiyA / madhu-bindu tRSNA meM lagA aru bhaya sabhI vismRta kiyA / / 20 / / mRgalocanI ke mukha-kamala lAvaNyatA ko dekha kara / mAnasa paTala para jo lagA hai rAga leza vikAra kara / / zruta udadhi nIra prakSAlate bedAga hotA ho nhiiN| kaise prabhu isa pApa se rakSita rahU~ soco sahI / / 14 / / saMta hRdaye sthAna prApti na kI sadaAcAra se| nahIM yaza upArjana bhI kiyA kara kArya para upagAra ke / / tIrtha caityoddhAra Adi mahat kArya nahIM kie| bhava bhramaNa karate janma mAnava prApta kara niSphala jiye ||21|| nahiM aMga sauSThava ratna guNa samudaya bhI kiMcita nhiiN| uttama kalA vikasita nahIM, na jJAna jyoti prabhA kahIM / / / prabhutA nahIM hai leza phira bhI hama bar3e saMkaDI glii| abhimAna kI sImA nahIM hai mUMja vaTTa nahIM jalI ||15|| vairAgya raMga na guru vacana se laga sakA mere hRdaya / taba duSTa jana kI vANI se hotA kahAM mana zAMtimaya / / adhyAtma mArga nahIM milA adhomukha ghaTa kI trh| saMcaya huA nahIM jJAna kA tiranA bhavodadhi kisa taraha ||22|| AyuSya kSaya hotA hai to bhI pApa buddhi nahIM gii| vaya kSINa para miTatI nahIM viSayAbhilASA leza bhI / yatna auSadhi kA karU' para dharma Azraya nA grhuuN| yaha mahA moha viDambanA prabhu Apa bina kisase kahU~ / 16 / / AtmA nahIM parabhava nahIM phira pApa puNya rahA kahA~ ? nAstikya mithyA vacana kaTu-rasa karNa-puTa pItA rahA // jJAna sUrya samAna prabhu se le sakA na prakAza bhii| le dIpa ku~e meM girA dhikkAra mujhako satya hI / / 17 / / pUrva bhava nahIM puNya saMcita abhI bhI karatA nhiiN| AgAmI bhava sAdhana binA prApti nahIM hogI kahIM / / tIna bhava he trijagapati yoM naSTa kara bigar3e smii| aba Aza kevala nAtha kI bAjI sudhara jAye abhI / / 23 / / he tIna loka svarUpa jJAtA, Apake sanmukha adhika / kyA kahA jAye mama carita prabhu Apa jAneM kAla trika / / hastAmalakavat dekhate haiM tIna jaga ke bhAva jo / phira kahA~ avakAza hai mere caritra chipAva ko // 24|| citta zuddhi se nahIM deva pUje pAtra uttama nahIM caahaa| zrAddha dharma na zramaNa saMyama pAlane meM mana rhaa| pAya nara bhava ratna cintAmaNi samAna prabhu aho! niSphala gayA jIvana na pAyA lAMma hI raNa rudana jyoM / 18|| Apase bar3hakara na koI dIna uddhAraka khiiN| mere sadRza nahIM pAtra karuNA janaka dekho saba mhii|| nahiM mAMgatA dhana kintu lakSmI mukti puri rUpI shii| samyaktva ratnAkara 'bhaMvara' ko dIjie vinatI kahI ||2|| // iti zrI ratnAkara-paccIsI hindI padyAnuvAda saMpUrNam / / [119

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baMgAla ke jaina purAtattva kI zodha meM pA~ca dina vIsauM varSa se zrI tAjamalajI botharA ke sAtha baGgAla ke sarAka kSetroM meM purAtattva zodha ke hetu bhramaNa karane kA vicAra cala rahA thA, parantu kAla-paripAka ke binA saMbhava na ho skaa| abhI jaba samaya AyA to na jeTha mahIne ke kar3e dhUpa kI aura na sAdhana sAmagrI kI hI apekSA kI gaI aura nikala par3e eka sImita samaya aura kSetra kI paridhi meM bhramaNArtha / hamAre sAtha the aMgrejI 'jaina jarnala' va baGgalA 'zramaNa' ke sampAdaka zrI gaNeza jI llvaanii| hama sarvaprathama tA0 23 maI kI rAtri meM ravAnA hokara tA0 24 ke USaH kAla meM viSNupura pahuMce / gAr3iyoM ke leTa calane se hameM kAlI rAtri nahIM USaHkAlIna prakAza anAyAsa hI upalabdha ho gayA / hama loga rikzoM dvArA sIdhe zrI rAmapada maNDala nAmaka sarAka bhAI ke yahA~ pahu~ce / zauca snAnAdi se nivRtta hokara rikzoM para hama loga dvArakezvara nadI ke lambe kachAra ko pAra kara dharApAta nAmaka sthAna meM phuNce| mArga meM kaI zivAlayAdi deva mandiroM kA samUha dRggocara huA jo kevala eka garbhagRha-zikharI the aura unake praveza dvAra kI caur3AI atyanta saMkarI rakhane kI prathA dekhane meM aaii| dharApAta meM hameM jo mandira dekhanA abhISTa thA, deva pratimA se vihIna aura eka brAhmaNa ThAkura (pujArI) kA Azraya sthAna -sA ho rahA thA / prastuta mandira ke bAhya bhAga meM tInoM ora tAkoM meM vizAla pratimAyeM virAjita thIM jinameM pRSTha bhAga vAlI meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva-AdinAtha, vAmapakSa se pradakSiNA . karate prathama zAntinAtha bhagavAna aura anta meM tIsare Ale meM jenetara pratimA lagI huI thii| ye donoM jina pratimAyeM lagabhaga hajAra-bAraha sau varSoM jitanI prAcIna avazya hI thiiN| isa mandira ke ThIka pIche sar3aka ke pAsa eka aura mandira thA jisameM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI eka saptaphaNa maNDita khanAsana pratimA vidyamAna thI / ina kSetroM meM jahA~ bhI jina pratimAyeM haiM, unheM kahIM neMgaTezvara ziva, kahIM bhairava aura kahIM anyAnya nAmoM se pukArate haiN| ina sabhI pratimAoM meM mUlanAyaka tIrthaGkara meM mUlanAyaka tIrthakara lAMchana evaM parikara meM anya pratimAeM utkINita haiM / pahale kI donoM pratimAoM ke parikara meM caubIsa tIrthaGkara ubhayapakSa meM avasthita haiM jabaki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke parikara meM bAda meM mahAprAtihAryoM ke atirikta viSNu pratimA nirmANArtha do hAtha aura khoda kara banA diye haiN| dharApAta se lauTakara hama loga viSNupura Aye aura bhojanoparAnta basa dvArA auMdhA pahu~ce / vahA~ utarane ke liye pUchane para nAma sAmya se bhrAnta sahayAtriyoM ke kahane para hama kaI mIla Age cale gaye, jahA~ se eka dUsare gAMva 'belArA' jAne kA mArga thA / relave kraoNsiMga para pratIkSA karate dUsarI gAr3I ke Ane para hamaloga vApasa auMdhA Ae / vahA~ hameM do rikze mile jinheM muMhamAMge caudaha rupayoM meM bhAr3A karake hamaloga bahulArA gA~va kI aura baDhe va vakSoM ke jharamuTa vAle gA~va ke bAhara eka bahuta hI U~ce zikhara vAle kalApUrNa maMdira ke vizAla ahAte meM pahuMce / yahA~ kA zilpa prazaMsanIya hai aura sthApatya zailI ko dekhakara bhuvanezvara Adi utkala prAntIya mandiroM kI smRti tAjI ho 120 ]

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jAtA hai / hama sarvaprathama purAtattva vibhAga ke adhIna 'rAsamaMca' nAmaka sthAna meM gaye / kahA jAtA hai ki rAsa ke vizeSa avasara para samasta mandiroM ke vigraha yahA~ lAye jAte the, parantu isa 'rAsamaMca' sthAna kI nirmANa zailI aisI vicitra hai ki itane vizAla pirAmiDa AkRti vAle isa sthAna meM stambha bAhulya tIna jagatI ke antarAla meM sarvatra darzana durlabha hote haiM / isakA san 1587 I0 ke Asa-pAsa vIra hammIra nAmaka malla rAjA ne nirmANa karavAyA thaa| isa mandira ke sAmane eka ahAte meM dala-mAdala nAmaka vizAlakAya adbhuta topa rakhI hai jo san 1742 kI banI huI hai / isa kamAna kA vajana 300 mana hai aura yaha sAr3he bAraha phuTa lambI hai / isakA muhAnA 1 phuTa kA hai aura banAne meM eka lAkha rupaye lage the| san 1742 meM jaba malla rAjya para marAThoM ne AkramaNa kiyA taba yahI topa unakI rakSA meM kAma AtI thii| jAtI hai| isake Asa-pAsa kabhI choTe-choTe dUsare maMdira bhI the jo aba dhvasta ho cuke haiN| nIce kI tarapha kucha caurasa aura gola caukiyA~ banI huI haiM jo kinhIM dhvasta stUpoM ke pratIka hoM, aisA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa mandira ke caturdika zilpAkRtiyA~ utkINita haiN| mandira ke madhya meM ziva mUrti hai / sAmane vedI para tIna pratimAyeM haiM / madhyavartI pratimA bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI hai jise vahA~ vAloM ne 'anantadeva' kI pratimA batalAyI / mAlUma detA hai ki kabhI vahA~ anantadeva gotrIya sarAkoM kI bastI rahI hogii| yaha pArzvanAtha pratimA aSTa mahAprAtihArya aura dharaNendra padmAvatI yukta hai / Upara saptaphaNa aura pRSTha bhAga meM bhI sakRiti hai / parikara meM ubhayapakSa meM aSTagraha kI pratimAyeM spaSTa nirmita haiM / baGgAla aura bihAra kI sahasrAbdi pUrvavartI mUrtikalA meM nava grahoM ke AkAra spaSTa parilakSita hote haiN| rAjagRhavaibhAragiri ke khaNDahara sthita pratimA ke parikara meM aisI hI navagraha pratimAyeM haiM jinakI vezabhUSA hameM kuSANakAlIna samaya taka le jAkara khar3A kara detI haiM, jabaki paravartI kAla meM pazcima bhArata me ve kevala sUkSma cihna mAtra paMcatIthiyoM meM avaziSTa raha gaye the| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI pratimA ke nimna bhAga meM dharaNendra padmAvatI hai aura mRtti-nirmApaka dampatti-yugala kI caityavandanA karatI huI pratimAyeM to prAyaH sabhI tIrthakara pratimAoM meM upalabdha haiM / yaha mandira purAtattva vibhAga ke adhIna hai| bahulArA se vApasa Ate auMdhA hokara viSNupura pahu~cate-pahuMcate bhagavAna aMzumAlI astAcala para jA khar3e hue / hamane rAtri meM rAmapada maNDala ke ghara meM vizrAma kiyA aura prAtaHkAla viSNupura ke aitihAsika sthAnoM kI zobhA dekhane ke liye nikala pdd'e| viSNupura isa samaya bA~kur3A jile meM hai / madhyakAla . meM yaha sthAna mallabhUmi kI rAjadhAnI thI aura Aja bhI dukAnoM ke sAinaboDau~ meM anekazaH yaha nAma dekhA viSNupura ke aneka mandira bar3e hI sundara zilpAkRti vAle baGgAla kI adbhuta kalA-zailI se yukta haiN| jisa prakAra AbU ke jaina mandiroM meM prastara bhAskarya apanI sUkSmatA kI parAkASThA ke prabala pratIka haiM usI prakAra yahA~ ke mandira apane TAlI bhAskarya nirmANa ke liye vejor3a aura adbhuta hai / rAdhA - mAdhava kA mandira san 1737 meM rAjA kRSNasiMha kI patnI rAnI cUr3AmaNi devI ne banavAyA thaa| yahA~ se lAla bAMdha nAmaka vizAla jalAzaya ko dekhane gye| isake pAsa sarvamaGgalA devI kA maMdira hai / java svAmI rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa yahA~ darzana karane Aye, taba unheM bhAva samAdhi ho gaI thii| lAla bAMdha se Ate samaya eka TekarI para 'gumagaDha' nAmaka sthAna daSTigocara huA jo gavAkSa-dvArAdi se vihIna vicitratA yukta thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki malla rAjA loga laTa kA mAla isI sthAna meM surakSita rakhate the| zyAmarAya kA mandira san 1643 I0 meM raghunAtha [ 121

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karota virahiNI ke viraha kI bhA~ti jAte-Ate donoM tarapha kATatA hI rahatA hai / viSNupura ke tA~tI loga vastra vunate haiM. ThaThere-kasere bartana banAte haiM / yahA~ sarAka bandhuoM ke lagabhaga 30 ghara hoNge| sarAkoM ke gharoM meM khaDDiyA~ lagI haiM aura ve sUta-vastrAdi kA vyavasAya karate haiN| siMha ne nirmANa karAyA thaa| Azcarya to yaha hai ki itane vizAla mandira meM kahIM iMca bhara bhI jagaha zilpAkRti se rikta nahIM chor3A / jor3A ziva mandirakRSNa balarAma mandira raghanAthasiMha dvitIya dvArA sthApita hai| jor3a baGgalA mandira bhI prazasta koraNI yukta hai| isakI chata kA nirmANa do saMlagna ducAloM vAle baGgale kI bhA~ti hai / rAdhA-zyAma mandira san 1658 meM rAjA catanyasiMha dvArA pratiSThApita hai / vibhinna paurANika aura avatAra caritrAdi kI zilpa samRddhi atyanta prekSaNIya hai / san 1658 meM lAla jI mandira kI pratiSThA rAjA zrI vIrasiMha ne karavAI thii| satarahavIM zatI ke uttarArddha meM rAjA vIrasiMha ne pattharoM dvArA pravezadvAra kA nirmANa karavAyA, durga-praveza ke liye pUrvakAla meM yahI eka praveza dvAra thaa| Age calane para eka prastaramaya timaMjilA ratha AtA hai| prastaramaya ratha kI prathA baGgAla, bihAra, ur3IsA ke atirikta sudUra maisUra rAjya ke hampI taka meM pAI jAtI hai| hampI kA ratha var3A hI sandara hai aura isI prakAra koNArka kA bhI / rathayAtrA kI prathA eka aisI prAcIna prathA hai jisase logoM ko ghara vaiThe bhagavAn ke darzana ho jAte the| vasudeva hiNDI nAmaka prAcIna mahatvapUrNa jaina grantha meM ise ati prAcIna kAla se calI AyI paramparA batalAyI gayI hai| madanamohana mandira kI pratiSThA san 1694 meM rAjA durjanasiMha ne karavAI thii| yaha bhI baGgAla kI tatkAlIna TAlI kI koraNI ( Terracota) kA sundara namUnA hai| mallezvara ziva mandira kA nirmANa bhI san 1622 meM vIra hammIrasiMha ne karavAyA thaa| viSNapura meM zaMkha-zilpiyoM kA kAma bhI khUba joroM para hai| saiMkar3oM ghara isI vyApAra-udyoga se apane parivAra kA pAlana karate haiN| zaMkha ko prastara-zilAoM para ghisa kara arddha-candrAkAra krakaca (karota) se aMgUThI. sAMkhA, cUr3I Adi vividha prakAra kI vastue' taiyAra karate haiN| zaMkha kA viSNupura se tA025 zukravAra ko hama loga basa dvArA bA~kur3A aaye| jile kA mukhya nagara hone se bA~kur3A eka bahuta bar3A nagara hai| sukha-suvidhApUrNa mAravAr3I dharmazAlA, nUtanagaMja meM Thahare aura bIkAnera ke hI eka anubhavI sahRdayI byAsajI ke supravandha meM do dina rahe / bhojanoparAMta jIpalekara vahA~ se hama hAr3amAsarA gaye / vahA~ gA~va ke anta meM eka patthara ke zikharayukta choTA mandira dekhA jisameM valmIka ke Dhera ke atirikta kucha bhI nahIM thaa| inake pIche jaGgala meM eka pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kI pratimA khar3I thI. jisa para grAmya-jana kabhI-kabhAra sindUra Adi kI TIkI lagA dete hoNge| para Azcarya hai ki eka dukAnadAra ne hameM jaina mandira batalAte hue isa sthAna para pahuMcA diyaa| bahulArA vAlI pratimA kI mA~ti isa pratimA ke parikara meM aSTagraha, mahAprAtihArya, dharaNendra-padyAvatI aura bimba nirmAtA yugala kI surucipUrNa kalAbhivyakti prekSaNIya thii| hADamAsarA se hama loga jIpa meM tatkAla lauTa aaye| dUsare dina tA0 26 ko prAtaH kAla hama rikzA dvArA vA~kur3A dharmazAlA se 'ikatezvara mahAdeva gye| vahA~ isakI var3I khyAti hai| mandira ke bAhara nAriyala, prasAda, miSThAnna kI dukAneM haiM aura paNDe loga khar3e rahate haiN| mandira meM kucha sIr3hiyA~ utarane para tala ghara meM jamIna para rahe hue eka svAbhAvika trikoNa se lambe pASANa-khaMDa ke darzana hue| kahA jAtA hai ki yahA~ bhagavAna zaMkara kA yahI rUpa hai| isa camatkArI sthAna para bhakta loga 'dharaNA dekara so jAte hai aura apane kAryasiddhi kA varadAna pAkara hI lauTate haiM. aisA bhI kahA jAtA hai| vA~kur3A se basa dvArA hama gaurAvAr3I gye| vahA~ se 122]

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kaMsAvatI nadI ke taTa para baMdhe hue bA~dha ke pAsa pArasanAtha nAmaka gA~va thaa| gA~va ke sthAna para sarakAra kI ora se bA~dha kA kAma cAlU thA, isIlie gA~va vAloM ke kathanAnusAra hameM AzA thI ki vahA~ jAne ke liye sarakArI TrakoM dvArA jAne-Ane kI suvidhA mila jAyegI para jaba hama gaurAvAr3I kI kAlonI meM utare, sabhI Aphisa zAyada zanivAra yA anya kisI kAraNa se banda the| hameM eka vidyArthI aura eka mahilA kA acchA sAtha mila gayA jo apane-apane gA~va jA rahe the| hama paidala hI unake sAtha cala pdd'e| madhyAhna kA samaya thA / vidyArthI ne hameM tIna cAra mIla sAtha calakara jahA~ bA~dha kA sarakArI Aphisa thA. pahu~cA diyA aura usane apane gA~va kA mArga pkdd'aa| bA~dha ke pAsa pahAr3I rTa le para sarakArI Aphisa thaa| pArasanAtha gA~va kA to nAma zeSa ho gayA para vahA~ Aphisa ke pRSTha bhAga meM hamane eka ziva mUrti, nandI aura kucha prastara khaNDa dekhe / isI pahAr3I para bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI eka vizAla pratimA ke bAre meM jo do Tukar3oM meM vibhakta thI, vahA~ vAloM ne hameM batalAyA / yaha pratimA parikara meM caubIsI pratimAyeM, bimba nirmAtA yugala aura dharaNendra-padmAvatI yukta thii| siMhAsana meM siMha aura haMsa ke AkAra mI parilakSita the / vahA~ ke AphisaroM ke sAtha usa pratimA ke phoTo liye aura eka mArga batAne vAle majadUra ko sAtha lekara hamane ambikA nagara kA mArga pkdd'aa| jAte samaya to kar3akar3AtI dhUpa meM kahIM-kahIM hI kSaNika bAdaloM kI chAyA mila pAtI thI kintu lauTate samaya sArA AkAza meghAcchanna ho gayA aura joroM se tUphAna calane lagA / hama tUphAna kI zItala havA kA Ananda lete hue zIghra gati se calate rahe para java barSA prArambha huI to hameM sar3aka ke pAsa hI eka grAmya skUla kA barAmade vAlA khAlI kamarA mila gayA, jisameM hamane tatkAla Azraya grahaNa kara liyA / pA~ca dasa baTohI aura bhI Akara baiTha gaye / yaha to saMtoSa kI bAta thii| yadi jaMgala meM yaha sthAna na milatA to bar3I durdazA hotI, astu / jaba varSA tUphAna banda hokara AsamAna sApha ho gayA to hama loga kaMsAvatI aura kumArI nadI ke saMgama para base ambikAnagara meM nadI ko pAra kara jA pahuMce / ambikAnagara, ambikA devI ke mandira ke kAraNa prasiddha hai| mandira ke pujArI mahodaya ko hamane bulavA kara mandira khulavAyA / isake zilAlekha se vidita huA ki isa mandira kA jIrNoddhAra san 1320 meM tA016 phAlguNa ko rAjA rAicaraNa dhavala ne rAnI lakSmIpriyA devI kI smRti meM karAyA thA / vastra paridhAna yukta devI ke svarUpa pratimA lakSaNAdi kA hama ThIka-ThIka Akalana na kara sake para yaha khar3I huI mUtti hai aura jaina zAsanadevI ambikA mUrti se abhinna kathaMcit bhinna zailI kI parilakSita huI / ___ ambikAnagara meM ambikA mandira ke pRSTha bhAga meM eka jana mandira avasthita hai. jisameM thor3A andherA par3atA thA para usameM pratiSThita-avasthita bhagavAna AdinAthaRSabhadeva svAmI kI saparikara pratimA atyanta sundara hai| prabhu ke pRSTha bhAga meM toraNa haiM jo samavasaraNa ke toraNa kA pratIka hai aura prabhAmaNDala bhI kalApUrNa hai ! bhagavAna ke mastaka para jaTA kezavinyAsa atyanta sundara hai / siMhAsana ke nIce vRSabha lAMdhana spaSTa hai| prabhu pratimA prAyaH karake akhaNDa aura atyanta manojJa hai / ambikA mandira ke dAhinI ora caukI para kucha zilpAkRti-govarddhana aura kucha lipi vAlA prastara bhI par3A thaa| hameM jaldI lauTanA thA ataH ambikAnagara ke miSThAnna bhaNDAra se kucha miSThAnna aura jala lekara hama nadI pAra hokara bA~kur3A jAne vAlI basa meM Akara baiTha gaye / yathAsamaya bA~kur3A pahu~cakara dharmazAlA meM nivAsa kiyA / bA~kur3A kI dharmazAlA bar3I vizAla hai| rahane kI saba prakAra kI suvidhAeM hai| sone ke liye khaTiyA upalabdha ho jAtI hai. jisakI AmadanI se pArAvata-kabUtareM dAnA cugate huye nirmAtAoM. anumodakoM, vyavasthApakoM kI puNya [ 123

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vRddhi karate haiM / dharmazAlA kI dIvAroM para saikar3oM subhASita aura zikSAprada dohe zloka likhe huye haiM jo bar3I preraNA- dAyaka surucipUrNa paddhati meM hai / bA~kur3A se dUsare dina prAtaHkAla ravAnA hokara hama rela dvArA indrabIlA pahu~ce aura sTezana se anatidUra sthita mahAla koka nAmaka gA~va meM gaye / yahA~ hamAre pUrva paricita jayahari zrAvaka kA nivAsa sthAna hai| ye sarAka bhAI susaMskRta aura jaina zikSA-dIkSA se suparicita hone ke sAthasAtha rAjasthAna, vaGgAla. vihAra, mahArASTra. gujarAta aura uttarapradezAdi ke sabhI jaina tIrthoM meM ghUme hue haiM aura jaina dharma ke pracAra kArya va sAdhujana sevA meM hI inakI ruci rahI hai| kaI varSa pUrva jaba yahA~ se nikaTavartI tAlAjur3I gA~va meM bhagavAna AdinAtha svAmI kI padmAsanastha pratimA tAlAva ke pAla para pragaTa huI thI, usa samaya maiM zrI tAjamala jI sAhaba botharA ke laghu bhrAtA zrI hanumAnamala jI botharA ke sAtha yahA~ AyA thA aura inhIM ke yahA~ premapUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM Thaharakara tAlAjur3I jAkara prabhu darzana kiye / aba yaha pratimA zrI tAjamala jI botharA evaM avastha sarAka bandhu ke prayatna se kalakattA A gaI hai aura bar3e maMdira meM virAjamAna hai / mahAla koka meM kula 30 gharoM kI choTIsI sApha-sutharI vastI hai jisameM 12 ghara sarAkoM ke haiN| yahA~ evaM idhara ke kaI gAvoM meM hinduoM ke gharoM kI dIvAra para cAroM ora eka kAlI-sI dhArI-paTTI dRSTigocara hotI hai jo rohaNa-manasA pUjA kA pratIka batalAyA jAtA hai / sarAka loga jaina dharmAcAra vismRta hokara baMgAla ke devI pUjA Adi ko mAnya karane lage haiM para zatAbdiyA~ vIta gaIM. jaina samparka chUTa gayA phira bhI khAna-pAna meM zuddha nirAmiSa bhojI saMskAra Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| ucita samajha hama unake yahA~ eka dina aura eka rAtri kA Atithya grahaNa kara rela dvArA AdrA aaye| rela leTa hone se pUMcA jAne vAlI vasa nikala cukI thI ataH tIna ghaNToM kI pratIkSA kara dUsarI vasa meM bAraha baje 'pUMcA' gA~va Aye / yahA~ se do-DhAi mIla dUra pAka var3arA hai| hameM to vahA~ jAkara tatkAla lauTanA thA, kyoMki DhAI baje kI vasa nikala jAne se hameM phira eka ahorAtra vahIM rahanA pdd'taa| ataH apanA sAmAna vahIM sunIla ThAkura nAmaka sajjana kI dukAna meM rakha kara zIghra gati se pAkavir3arA pahu~ce / usa dina vahA~ melA hone se grAmya-jana saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM ekatra the / madonmatta strI-puruSoM ke samUha apane gale meM Dhola-DhakkAdi vAditra vajAte hue nAca rahe the / ve loga jinezvara bhagavAn kI pratimAoM ko bhairava mAnakara pUjate the| pAkaviDarA kI sabhI pratimAyeM aura bhagnAvazeSa eka hI ahAte meM rakhe hue the. jisameM praviSTa hone para AsAnI se darzana kiyA jA sakatA thaa| isameM avasthita sabhI jina pratimAyeM avyavasthita DhaGga se par3I thii| 7 phuTa U~cI khaGgAsana sthita zrI padmaprabhu svAmI kI pratimA-jisakA parikara nahIM thA, kevala ubhayapakSa meM cAmaradhArI indra avaziSTa the: prabhu lAMchana bhI pUjana-sAmagrI se Dhaka jAne se dRSTipatha lupta thA-ke darzana kiye jo grAmya-janoM ke pUjanakendra the| pAkavirA ke isa sthAna meM tIna cAra mandira Aja bhI khar3e haiM para ve khAlI par3e haiM aura akhaNDita-khaNDita sabhI avazeSa isI ahAte meM lAkara rakha diye gaye haiN| yahA~ katipaya vibhinna zailI aura vidhAoM kI pratimAyeM dRSTigocara huiiN| bhagavAn Adideva, RSabha prabhu kI pA~ca pratimAyeM haiM jinameM do caubIsa tIrthakaroM kI pratimA parikara yukta haiM / eka paMcatIrthI parikara yukta aura do khaNDita haiM, jinameM se eka ke to do khaNDa huye par3e haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI do pratimAyeM haiM jinameM eka paMcatIrthI hamArA uddezya thA ki bhAI jayahari ko sAtha lekara pAkavirA Adi udhara ke prAcIna jaina khaNDaharAdi sthAnoM meM ghUma kara jaina-avazeSoM kA adhyayana kareM para ve svayaM usa tarapha gae hue nahIM the, ataH unheM kaSTa na denA 124 ]

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parikara, toraNa, bhAmaNDalAdi prAtihArya yukta hai| yahA~ kI pratimAoM ke toraNa Upari bhAga meM na hokara prabhu ke pRSTha bhAga meM sAMcI toraNa kI bhA~ti haiM / ambikA nagara kI RSabhadeva pratimA kA toraNa isI prakAra kA hai / dUsarI pratimA ke parikara meM aSTagraha pratimAyeM vidyamAna haiN| amvikA devI kI eka khar3I huI pratimA hai evaM tIna pratimAeM vRkSa yukta haiN| jinameM eka meM Upari bhAga meM jina pratimA. vRkSa ke nIce yakSa-yakSiNI aura nimna bhAga meM sapta graha mUrtiyA~ haiN| dUsarI pratimA ke nimna bhAga meM siMhAsana ke nIce do kalaza bane hue haiM. jinakI racanA zailI vaGgAla ke kalazoM se abhinna hai / tIsarI pratimA bhI vRkSa tala meM yakSa-yakSigI vAlI hai| eka zAMtinAtha svAmI kI khaNDita pratimA hai jisameM prabhu kA lAMchana hariNa spaSTa parilakSita hai| eka tIrthaMkara pratimA aura eka caturvizati tIrthaGkara pratimA hai| eka caumukha mandira sarvatobhadra aura eka catumukha stUpa bhI ina pratimAoM ke madhya meM vidyamAna haiN| kI goda meM bAlaka bhagavAn ko dikhAyA gayA hai / lagabhaga 31 varSa pUrva kSatriyakuNDa lachuvAr3a kI dharmazAlA meM maiMne eka kAlI pASANa kI lekha sahita pandraha sau varSa se bhI prAcIna pratimA trizalA mAtA aura goda meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dekhI thI jo kucha dina bAda hI vahA~ se gAyaba ho gaI / zilpa zAstra aura mUrti vijJAna ke vidvAna isa para vizeSa prakAza DAleM / jaMbU vRkSa, zAlmali vRkSa Adi para zAzvata jina bimboM kA ullekha hai, jinake bhI zAstroM meM varNana milate haiN| hamAre saMgraha meM eka-do sau varSa prAcIna sundara citra meM vRkSa para arhanta pratimA aura sAmane caturvidha saMgha, pUjopakaraNa liye bhaktAdi dikhAye haiM, para vaha bhAva bhI kisa hetu kA hai, vicAraNIya hai / vastutaH vaGgAla kA prAcIna dharma hI jainadharma thA / vaGgAla meM yatra-tatra sarvatra jaina avazeSa hI pAye jAte haiN| hameM ina sthAnoM meM kahIM bhI bauddha pratimAyeM dRSTigocara nahIM huii| ina vibhinna zailI aura kalAtmaka pratimAoM kA adhyayana samaya sApekSa hai / hama to vahA~ kevala pandraha minaTa hI ruke the / jina pratimA nirmANa zailI kA pravAha sarvatra vyApta thA / aisI pratimAyeM bihAra meM bhI dekhane meM AI hai| pAkavir3arA se hama do baje pUMcA pahu~ca gaye aura vasa meM baiThakara sIdhe puruliyA sTezana A pahu~ce / yadyapi zrI tAjamala jI sAhaba aura bhI sthAnoM meM calanA cAhate the aura tIrthAdhirAja zrI sammeda zikhara jI kI yAtrA karane kI prabala bhAvanA bhI thI para mausama aura mArga-pratikUlatA ne hameM kalakattA lauTane ko bAdhya kara diyA / yahA~ maiMne jina yakSa-yakSiNI pratimAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai vastutaH yaha nirNaya nahIM, kaI vidvAnoM ne inheM bhagavAn ke mAtA-pitA aura kaiyoM ne yakSa-yakSiNI mAnA hai para mere vicAra meM yaha vidhA abhI vicAraNIya hai ataH strI-puruSa jor3I kaha sakate haiN| mAtA-pitA kI pratimA vRkSa ke nIce ho aura vRkSa para arhanta pratimA ho, yaha vAta tarkasaGgata nahIM lgtii| bhagavAn kI mAtAoM kI mUrtiyA~ 'caturvizati jina mAtR paTTaka' bIkAnera, jaisalamera Adi aneka sthAnoM meM vidyamAna haiM para unameM mAtA [ 125

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jaina citrakalA mAnava saMskRti meM prArambha se hI mana kI zakti pravaNatA ke kAraNa kalpanA sRSTi ke unmeSa vistIrNa hone kA avasara sulabha thA / usake mastiSka meM sarvaprathama paTa, raMga aura tUlikAdi upAdAna vihIna kalpanA citra ubhare / prakRti ne use vividha raMga diye, aMguliyoM ne AkAza pradeza kA azeSa paTa prApta kiyA / bhagavAna ke guNa varNana meM bhI vaha anantatA kI abhivyakti karane ke hetu aise udAharaNa prastuta karane lagA, jo ki nimna dohe se spaSTa haigayaNaMgaNa kAgala karUM, sAyara kara masipAta / merugirI kI lekhanI, tuhi guNa likhyA na jAta // prastuta kalpanA zabdAlekhana kI hai na ki citrAMkana kii| kalpanA citroM ko sAkAra rUpa dene meM prakRti, bhautika vastue, prANI jagat aura Aloka adbhuta chAyA evaM paMca varNa ke bAdaloM meM ubharatI huI vividha AkRtiyoM ne bhI bar3A yogadAna diyA / inhIM AdhAra zilA para ghaTanAe aura bhAva pradhAna abhivyaktiyA~ citrita huii| katipaya guphAoM ke AdikAlIna citroM meM prANI jagata ke sAtha-sAtha zikAra Adi ghaTanAoM kA citraNa pAyA jAtA hai| lokacitra zailI inhIM guphAoM meM hama dekhate haiM kintu inakA prAraMbhika rUpa gRhAGgaNa, gRhadvAra aura bhitti dIvAloM para raMgolI mRtikA raMga ke rUpa meM AyA jo ki eka parva meM banate aura dUsarA parva Ane para svAbhAvika rUpa se naSTa ho jAte yA use lIpa-potakara nava nirmANa kara diyA jAtA / guhA citroM ke vikAsa meM Age jAkara kucha sadhI huI tUlikA aura raMga vinyAsa kA unnayana huaa| prAcIna sAhitya ke Alor3ana se hama usake sAkAra rUpa dhAraNa karane kI kathA-vastu para vimarza kreNge| to vaha bhI manovargaNA ke paryAyoM se saMpRkta pratIta hogii| kisI vastu vizeSa ko dekhakara mana para dabAva par3atA hai aura smRti ke parata khulate jAte haiN| aisI sthiti meM mAnava apane zarIra nirmANa se pUrva kI sthiti ko bhI smRti paTala para lAne meM sakSama ho jAtA hai jise jaina zailI meM jAti smaraNa jJAna kahate haiN| usa avasthA meM use apane pUrva janma ke vRttinta philma kI bhA~ti sAkAra ho jAte haiM / yaha bhI eka viziSTa sthiti hai| isake mAdhyama se bhI citrakalA ko sAkAra hone meM prazraya milA / AdinAtha caritra meM lalitAMgadeva aura svayaMprabhA devI kA rUpa jAti-smRti dvArA sAkAra hone para apane pUrvajanma devaloka ke sAthI ko khojane ke liye citrapaTa kA Azraya liyA jAtA hai| jaina rAmAyaNa meM navakAra maMtra sunAne vAle seTha ke sAtha vRSabha kA jIva rAjA hokara apanA citra jinAlaya ke zilpa meM sAkAra karAke apane upakArI kI pahacAna prApta karatA hai / taraMgavatI mI pUrva janma kI jAti-smRti dvArA citrapaTa Alekhana kara usI ke mAdhyama se apane priyatama ko prApta karatI hai| eka anya kathAvastu meM vRkSa para nivAsa karane vAle zuka ke jor3e ko dAvAnala meM dagdha bhAva kI bhavAntara meM citrAGkana dvArA smRti karAyI jAtI hai| bhagavAna malli ke citra bhAI ke mahala meM citrakAra dvArA nirmANa se pratAr3ita citrakAra dvArA navanirmANa kI kathA paryApta prasiddha hai / prAcIna sAhitya meM aise udAharaNoM kI kamI nahIM / maMkhalIputra gozAlaka jisa jAti kA thA ve citrapaTa dikhAkara hI apanI AjIvikA calAyA karate the| bAda meM usakI AjIvikA aSTAMganimitta ke 126 ]

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Azrita ho gii| vaha AjIvaka kahalAtA thA / kisI bhI sAdhAraNa yA sarvotkRSTa kAla-vaibhavapUrNa sthApatya kA nirmANa karane ke lie pahale usake citra nirmANa dvArA hI sArI rUpa-rekhA nirNita kI jAtI hai ataH isa daSTikoNa se zilpa-sthApatya kalA kI jananI bhI citrakalA ko mAnanA samIcIna hogaa| samasta prakAra ke yAntrika upAdAna aura TaMkazAla kI mudrAe va saMce sabhI citrakalA ke AbhArI haiN| jainAgamoM ke parizilana se citrakalA kI tatkAlIna sthiti bar3I vikasita mAlama detI hai / citrakalA sAmagrI meM citra nirmANa yogya tUlikA aura raMgoM ke upayoga kA vizad varNana pAyA jAtA hai| sarvaprathama citrayogya bhUmi ko taiyAra karane meM bhitti, kAgaja, vastrAdiko ko ghoTAI karake darpaNa kI bhA~ti prativimba darzI banAyA jAtA thaa| eka kathA meM citrakAra ne kevala bhitti kI ghoTAI parde kI oTa meM kI / sAmane kI dIvAla kA citrakAra apanA sampUrNa citra nirmANa kara cukA thaa| rAjA ne citrakAra ko isa apratyAzita vilamba ke liye ulAhanA diyA ki abhI taka citrAMkana prAraMbha hI kyoM nahIM huaa| usane paradA haTAyA to darzaka isa bAta para vismita ho gaye ki sAmane kI dIvAra kA citra isameM pUrNatayA prativimbita hai| raMgoM ke nirmANa viparAka aisI hI vAta prasiddha hai ki tAjamahala meM patthara para ma.ne kA kArya karane vAlA eka kalAkAra mahInoM taka raMga kI ghoTAI karatA rahA / java use isake liye ulAhanA milA to svAbhimAnI citere ne raMga ko kuNDI ko uThAkara patthara para de maaraa| sArA raMga usapara gira gayA / bAda meM dekhA gayA ki vaha raMga patthara meM khUba gaharAI taka jA pahu~cA thaa| ki vaha dvipada, catuSpada aura vRkSAdi ke eka bhAga ko dekhakara paripUrNa citrAlekhana karane meM sakSama thA / Avazyaka cUNi meM eka aise naTaputra kA ullekha hai jisane kSiprAtaTa kI bAlukA para apanI tIkSNa buddhi se eka bAra dekhI huI ujjayinI nagarI kA mAnacitra Alekhita kara DAlA thaa| vahatkalpa bhASya meM nidoSa aura sadoSacitra kama batalAye haiM unameM vakSa, bhavana, parvata, nadI, latA-vitAna evaM svastikAdi mAMgalika padAthoM ke citra nirdoSa evaM striyoM Adi ke citroM ko sadoSa kahA hai / Avazyaka cUNi meM kahA hai ki eka parivrAjikA ne ceTaka mahArAja kI putrI sujyeSThA kA citraphalaka mahArAjA zreNika ko dikhalAyA jisase vaha apanI sudha - budha bhUla gayA thA / vRhatkalpa bhASya pIThikA meM bhI sAgaracandra ke kamalAmelA ke citra darzana se prema karane laganA ullikhita hai / jainAgamoM meM varNita strI kI causaTha kalAoM meM citrakalA bhI eka hai| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke mahaloM meM kathAvastujanita bhitti citra bane hue the jinameM bhagavAna neminAtha kI bArAta aura pazu bAr3e ko dekhakara unake vairAgya prApta abhiniSkramaNa ke citra mAvoM para vicAra karate hI ve saMsAra se virakta hue the| rAjA zatAnIka kI rAnI mRgAvatI ke citra ko dekha kara hI mAlavapati caNDapradyota ne use prApta karane ke liye hI kauzAmbI para AkramaNa kiyA thA / isa kathA sandarbha meM yaha spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki usa kAla meM rAjamahaloM meM citra samAe~ avazya huA karatI thiiN| citrakAra loga atyanta kalAdakSa the jo kisI ke zarIra kA eka avayava dekha kara usakA sArA citra hubahU avikala citrita kara dete the| mRgAvatI ke citra ko banAne vAle kA dAhinA hAtha zatAnIka ne kaTavA diyA thA phira bhI usane bA~ye hAtha se usakA citra banAkara pradyota ko dikhAyA thaa| jJAtA dharma kathA meM citrAMgada kI putrI vanakamaMjarI jJAtA sUtrAnusAra mithilA ke malladatta ne niSNAta citrakAroM se hAva-bhAva-vilAsapUrNa citrakalA kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| usameM eka citrakAra meM itanI vilakSaNatA thI [ 127

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dvArA citrita kuTTama tala kA mora itanA tAdRza thA ki rAjA ko use hastagata karane ke lie hAtha phailAkara nakhakSata kara lene ke sAtha-sAtha hAsyapAtra honA par3A thaa| cAra pratyeka buddhoM meM se durmukharAjA ne sthapati se citrasabhA taiyAra karavA kara usameM zubha maharta meM praveza kiyA jisakA uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM varNana milatA hai| rAjAoM aura vArAGganAoM ke raMga mahala zRMgAra rasapUrNa vAtsyAyanAdi se sambandhita citra samRddhiyukta vividha prakAra ke bhAvottejaka huA karate the| kozA vezyA kI citrazAlA meM cAturmAsa kara nirvikAra rahane vAle mahAmuni "sthUlibhadrAta aparo na yogI" kahalAye the| yadyapi prAgaitihAsika kAla aura AgamakAla kI prAcIna citra samRddhi ke naSTa ho jAne se Aja kevala kucha AdivAsiyoM ke Ter3he-mer3he aMkana hI katipaya guphAoM meM ddaggocara hote haiM para una citroM ko sukumAla pIchI se nahIM kintu sthapati kI chainI hathaur3I se utkIrNita vividha vidhAeM Aja bhI paryApta upalabdha haiN| bhUmi ulkhanana se prApta na kevala TerAkoTA hI apitu miTTI ke ghar3e Adi para bhI citrakalAbhivyakti ke vikIrNa khaNDa yatra-tatra milate haiN| padukoTA se 10 mIla yaha eka choTA-sA gAMva hai| sittanavAsala arthAt siddha va mahApuruSoM kA nivAsa sthAna / yaha sthAna cAroM ora nArthamalaya parvata. pala iyAdipaTI. kudumIya malaya aura kunnAnada koIla nAmaka parvatoM se ghirA huA ramaNIka sthAna-choTA sA gA~va hai / sittanavAsala kA guphAmandira tiruccirApallI ke nikaTa hai aura vahA~ pallava kAlIna citrakalA kI prAcIna kalAkRtiyA~ vidyamAna haiN| isakA nirmAtA mahendra varmA prathama pallava vaMzIya rAjA thA aura vaha sAtavIM zatI ke prArambha meM huA hai / nauvIM zatI ke prArambha meM pANDayA kAla meM ina guphAcitroM kA punaruddhAra huA thA parantu isake pallavakAlIna citroM para kisI bhI prakAra kI itaraparata nahIM car3hI thii| guphA mandira kA eka tamila bhASA kA padya lekha madurai ke jainAcArya ilana gautaman dvArA arddha maNDapa ke punaruddhAra, alaMkaraNa aura mukha maNDapa ke nirmANa kA ullekha karatA hai| pallava mahendra varmA kI bhA~ti pANDya arikezarI parAMkuza bhI bAda meM zaiva ho gayA thA parantu guphAmandiroM kA sambandha jaina paramparA kI avicchinnatAoM ko prakAzita karatA hai / yahA~ ke bhitticitroM meM jalAzaya ke matsya, pazu, pakSI, kamalanAla yukta puSpa aura puSpa cayana Adi ke zAnta aura bhAvotpAdaka citra bar3e hI manojJa haiN| kamalanAla, battaka, matsya aura bhaiMsoM ke citra bar3e sundara aura svAbhAvikatApUrNa hai| ina citroM kA raMga aura AkRtiyA~ sauSThavayukta haiN| nartakI aura mukuTabaddha rAjadampata ke citra bar3e sarala va prekSaNIya karavinyAsayukta haiN| kamanIya dehayaSTi vAle pramANoMpeta citroM kI bhAvabhaMgimA vastutaH AkarSaka aura usa kAla kI pratinidhi citra kalAbhivyakti hai / jaina sAdhu kA eka citra kevala zAnta aura sAdagI kA vAtAvaraNa iMgita karatA hai| guphA meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI pratibhA hone se unakI jIvanI se sambandhita isa citra meM kalikuNDa pArzvanAtha tIrthotpatti aura hAthI dvArA abhiSeka kiye jAne ke bhAva haiM / sittanavAsala ke pazcAt elorA kI indrasabhA kI bhitticitra prAcIna bhAratIya jaina citrakalA ke vihaGgAvalokana ke anantara Aiye hama vartamAna meM upalabdha jaina citrakalA ke usa saMbala pakSa kI ora dRSTipAta kareM jo apane Apa meM jaina citrakalA kI eka anUThI aura gaurava pUrNa dena hai| kAgaja, tAr3apatra, vastra, kASThaphalaka aura kUTe ke citra sahasrAbdi pUrva ke yadyapi tirohita ho cuke haiM prarantu sArddha sahasrAbdi purAkAlIna bhitticitra kevala guphAoM meM hI vaca pAye haiN| ajantA kI prAcIna kalA samRddhi bhAratIya zramaNa saMskRti bauddha zAkhA se sambandhita hai jabaki jaina citrakalA ko sAkAra upalabdhi hama sittanavAsala ke guphA mandiroM meM Aja bhI dekhate haiM / madrAsa se 250 mIla aura 128 ]

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citrita kalpavAsI deva samUha ke citra prAraMbhika sataha ke haiN| isake visphArita netra aura ratnAbharaNa bar3e mohaka haiN| dUsarI sataha vijayanagara citra zailI meM citrita bhittiyA~ evaM chata ke citra bar3e hI mahatvapUrNa haiN| yaha sthAna auraMgAbAda se 15 mIla dUra hai / ye citra nauvIMdazavIM zatI ke haiM aura jaina granthoM ke citrAGkanoM kI anukRtiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha patra, puSpa tathA pazu-pakSiyoM para AdhArita kalArUpoM kA bhI manorama aMkana hai| gommaTezvara kA jo citra yahA~ upalabdha hai, zramaNabelagolA kI pratimA zailI se usakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / dhyAnastha bhagavAn bAhubalI ke pairoM meM cIMTiyoM ke valmIka evaM latAgulma dehayaSTi ke caturviMga AveSTita haiM / chata kA eka kakSa dikpAla samUha ke citrAMkanoM se samRddha hai| megha-chaTA ke madhya vyomacArI deva-deviyoM aura AliMgana baddha vidyAdhara dampati kI sukumAra zarIra-racanA vizAla netra Adi kA aMkana citrakalA kI paramonnata zailI ke udAharaNa haiN| unakA puSpAJjali arpaNa, paMcazabda * zaMkhavAdana. tAlabaddha saMgIta Adi yukta gaNoM ke citra bhI kama mahattva ke nahIM haiM / dakSiNAtya rASTrakUTa vaMza ke zAsanakAla meM race gaye citroM ke ye avaziSTa namUne samasta bhAratavarSa kI tatkAlIna kalA-zailI ko prabhAvita karane vAle aura jaina citrakalA paramparA kI amUlya dena mAnanA pdd'egaa| guphA naM0 32-33-34 kI chata para ye bhitti citra bane hue haiM jinakI pratikRti banavAkara isa amUlya dena ko surakSita rakhanA cAhie tAki AgAmI pIr3hI bhI cirakAla taka lAbhAnvita ho| kASTha phalaka va tAr3apatrIya citra bhitti citroM ke pazcAt kASThaphalaka citra va tAr3apatrIya citroM kI bArI AtI hai / dakSiNa zailI kI paraMparA meM hoyasala kAlIna bhitticitra upalabdha nahIM haiM para viSNuvarddhana (san 1106-41) jise rAmAnuja ne vaiSNava banA liyA thA-ne belUra aura haleviDa meM sundara mandira nirmANa karAye the / usakI rAnI jaina dharmAvalambI thI evaM maMtrI gaMgarAja va senApati hulli daNDanAyaka bhI jaina the / usakAla ke utkRSTa sthApatya va zilpa kalA-kRtiyA~ hote hue bhI bhitti citra ke udAharaNa avaziSTa na hone se mUDabidrI ke bhaNDAra kI hoyasalakAlIna citrakalA para hI hameM dRSTipAta karanA hogaa| yahA~ kI bhaTTAraka pITha kI tADapatrIya pANDalipiyA~ aura unake citra hoyasala kAla ke haiM evaM unakI lipi viSNuvarddhana ke tAmrazAsanAdi se milatI-julatI hai / citroM kI raMga kI caTaka aura rekhAMkana belUra mandira ke dhAtu patroM ke puSpAkAroM se nikaTatA rakhatI hai jo viSNavadvaMna aura usakI jaina patnI zAMtalA ke samakAlIna mAnane ko prerita karatI hai| ___ tAr3apatrIya grantha lambe to paryApta hote the para unakI caur3AI sImita hone se bhitti citroM kI mA~ti vizAlatA kA abhAva hote hue bhI choTe-choTe citroM kI zailI aura rekhAMkana meM koI antara nahIM AtA, ataH citrakalA va lekhanakalA kI ubhaya dRSTiyoM se inakA mahatva nirvivAda hai| digambara paramparA ke jainAgama SaT khaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA kI prAcIna pANDalipi mUDa-bidrI ke bhaNDAra meM saM0 1113 kI hai| isa para tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha kI zAsanadevI kAlI kA citra vRSabha vAhana yukta haiN| gauravarNA devI kI sukomala deha ko ujAgara karane vAlI lAla raMga kI rekhAeM nauvIM zatI ke cola zAsaka bhI bar3e kalA-premI, udAra va apane zaiva dharma ke prati niSThAvAna hone ke sAthasAtha sabhI dharmoM meM samabhAva rakhate aura prazraya dete the| taMjAvura meM rAja-rAja ne kalApUrNa zivAlaya banavAyA. usakI bahina kuMdavaine tirumalle tathA anya sthAnoM para jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thA / cola kAlIna citra jo jaina smArakoM meM haiM ve natamallai ke bAda ke haiN| inameM vijayanagara zailI kA sammizraNa hai / .lakSmIzvara maNDapa ke nimnatala aura bAhyakakSa para [ 129 .

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meM vRkSa hai / madhyavartI devI ke ubhayapakSa meM cAmaradhAriNI paricArikAoM ke bala khAe hue kamanIya deha citra haiM aura harita varNa kI kaMcukI paridhApita hai / zrutadevI ke aMkuzapAza to dikhAe haiM para vINA, kamaNDalu, pustaka Adi kA abhAva itara devI hone kI AzaMkA paidA karatA hai| laharadAra aura bala khAtI huI haiN| vaSabha ke zRMga dakSiNa bhArata ke bailoM ke anurUpa haiN| dvitIya kakSa meM aMkita bhakta parivAra kA citra bhI atyanta manohara hai| para usakA Upari bhAga naSTa ho gayA mAlama detA hai| isake kendravartI citra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI kI do sundara pratimAeM citrita haiM jinameM eka padmAsana aura dUsarI khaGgAsana mudrA meM sthita hai / padmAsanastha pratimA ke Asana para makarAkRti alaMkaraNa va usake pRSTha bhAga meM siMha va ubhayapakSa meM cAmaradhAriNI manoramarUpa se aMkita hai| prabhu ke mastaka para chatra va pRSThabhAga meM prabhAmaNDala phalaka kI bhA~ti gola hai| khaGgAsana kI pratimA parikaravihIna aura nimnamAga meM jAnu se kucha nIce taka caraNa-vihIna hai| tAr3apatra ke raMgIna citra meM bhagavAna puSpadanta ( suvidhinAtha) ke ajitayakSa tathA dUsare kakSa meM do bhaktagaNa avasthita dikhAye haiM / ina ubhaya citroM meM eka hI raMga aura lAla rekhAoM se AkRti alaMkaraNa hai| bhagavAn vAhubalI kA citra ( phalaka 20) harita varNa kA aura khaGgAsana sthita hai jisakI pRSThabhUmi lAla raMga kI hai para ubhayapakSa meM khar3I huI brAhmI sundarI bahineM harita pRSThabhUmi para haiN| gaura varNA bahinoM ke vastrapaTa lAla raMga ke laharadAra haiM / bAhubalIjI ke pairoM para latAe pariveSTita dikhAI haiN| phalaka (21) kI zrutadevI uparyukta naM0 19 ke sadRza hai / dakSiNa bhArata kI tADapatrIya pANDalipiyoM meM aura bhI aneka citra haiM / siMhavAhinI ambikA Amra vRkSa ke tala ubhaya zizuoM sahita jaina sthApatya meM ati prasiddha haiN| unakA citra bhI yahA~ upalabdha hai| tIthaMkara pArzvanAtha, supArzvanAtha aura bhaktamaNDalI. pUjA-arcA kI sAmagrI. gajavAhana yukta mAtaMga yakSa, zrutadevI aura mahAmAnasI, haMsavAhinI, kacchapa vAhanavAlA ajitayakSa Adi ke citra bhI hoyasala kalA ke prabhAvotpAdaka kalAmaya sRjana hai| mUDavidrI kI bhavya pANDulipiyoM meM lAla raMga ke sAtha hare raMga kA bhI unmukta prayoga huA hai / eka pANDulipi meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA citra patte jase haritavarNa kA hai. avaziSTa lAla raMga prayukta hai / prabhu ke mastaka para sapta phaNa chatra hai / prabhu ke Asana meM ubhaya pakSa meM siMha parilakSita hai / ubhayapakSa meM cAmaradhArI paricAraka haiM jinakI bhAvabhaMgimAyukta AkRti ubhayapakSa meM mur3I huI aura kamanIya hai| uSNISAdi alaMkaraNa prekSaNIya haiN| donoM aura harita pRSThabhUmi para dharaNendra evaM padmAvatI ke citra bane hue haiM / dharaNendra kA cAra bhujAoM vAlA khar3A citra hai, usake mastaka para saptaphaNa suzobhita hai / padmAvatI ke citra meM bhI cAroM hAthoM meM aMkuzapAza Adi vividha Ayudha haiN| devI ke mastaka para bhI saptaphaNa maNDita haiM aura ulaTe huye kamala paMkhur3iyoM vAle Asana ke nikaTa zveta haMsa baiThA huA hai| dUsarA kakSa (phalaka 19) zrutadevI kA batAyA hai jisake ubhayapakSa dakSiNa bhArata kI paravartI bhitticitra kalAzailI yadyapi sittanavAsala Adi se apanI kar3iyA~ jor3anevAle sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM alaga zrRMkhalA ho jAtI hai para san 1335 meM hariharane vijayanagara sAmrAjya kI sthApanA kI to usake vaMza ke cAra sau varSa vyApI zAsanakAla ne sabhI dharmoM ko pallavita kiyaa| acyutarAya ne jaina aura vaiSNava dharmapramukhoM ko paraspara milAkara sanmAnapUrNa samajhautA karA diyaa| isa kAla meM kalA kA paryApta unnayana huaa| gopuroM, mandiroM, maNDapoM kI chata para agaNita bhitti citroM kA nirmANa huA, jinameM jaina kathAvastu ke aMkana bhI mahattvapUrNa aura ullekhayogya haiM / kAMcIpuram ke 130 ]

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tiruppattikkuNram sthita vartamAna mandira ke saMgIta maNDapa ke jaina citra ullekhanIya haiN| inameM katipaya AraMbhika kAla ke aura adhikAMza paravartI kAla ke citra haiN| yaha maNDapa vukkarAya dvitIya ke jaina maMtrI irugappa ne banavAyA thaa| ataH isake citra caudahavIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa ke haiN| ina citroM kA viSaya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana vatta se sambandhita hai| bhagavAn ke janmotsava ke sampUrNa bhAva abhiSeka paryanta bar3e hI mahattvapUrNa haiN| uttarakAlIna solahavIM-satarahavIM zatI ke citra bhI RSabhadeva, mahAvIra, neminAtha va unake bhrAtA zrIkRSNa ke jIvana se sambandhita sudIrgha citramAlAoM kA savistAra aMkana hai| inake sAtha tamila bhASA meM likhe zIrSaka-citra paricaya rahane se isa svastha paripATI kA mahattva atyadhika ho gayA hai| cidambaram . tiruvalla ra Adi sthAnoM meM bhI tamila, telaga bhASA meM prApta zIrSaka yukta citra apane Apa meM eka gauravapUrNa astitva rakhate haiN| isa prakAra dakSiNAtya kalA kA dhArA pravAha zatAbdiyoM taka calA AyA hai jisameM jainadharma-jainakalA kA ullekhanIya yogadAna rahA hai| kalakattA ke sva0 zrI pUraNacaMdajI nAhara ke saMgraha meM eka 7421 phuTa kA vizAla citrapaTa hai jisameM zravaNa belagolA sthita gommaTezvara bAhubalIjI ke sampUrNa citra citrita haiN| eka 4||4|| sAija ke samavasaraNa kAle raMga se citrita madhya sthita gaMdhakuTI meM haiM / vastrapaToM para citrita aura bhI citrapaTa dakSiNa bhArata ke hampI Adi sthAnoM meM dekhane meM Aye haiN| tiruppattikkuNram ke mahAvIra jinAlaya meM aMkita citra ke UparikakSa meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke samakSa lokAntika deva ke dIkSA samaya sUcanArtha nivedana aura nimna kakSa meM bhagavAna ke dIkSArtha abhiniSkramaNa kA bhAva citrita hai| eka dUsarA citra bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke vairAgya aura kaccha-mahAkaccha ke AkhyAna yukta citrita hai| nimnakakSa meM nami-vinami ke cAritra va RSabhadeva svAmI ke caraNoM meM avasthiti yukta hai| tIsare citra kA UparikakSa nami-vinami ke abhiSeka samAroha aura nimnakakSa meM RSabhadeva prabhu kI caryA se sambandhita citrAGkita hai| mahAvIra svAmI ke mandira meM RSabhadeva caritra ke atirikta eka citra meM kRSNalIlA ke vividha dRzyoM se mukharita ubhaya kakSa hai| ina citroM meM aneka sAmAjika citra, rItirivAja, svAgata paraka mAMgalika upAdAna, nRtya . vAjitropakaraNa yukta aneka prakAra ke citrAGkana haiN| uttara bhArata kI citrakalA dakSiNApatha kI citrakalA kA vihaMgAvalokana karane ke pazcAt Aiye, hama uttara bhArata kI jaina kalAzailI meM citrita upAdAnoM kI ora bhI dRSTipAta kreN| vastutaH kalA pakSa meM jenoM kA bhArata ko kitanA avadAna hai isa kA lekhA-jokhA kara pAnA ati kaThina hai / uttara bhArata kI citrakalA meM gujarAta aura rAjasthAna kI jo anupamadena hai vaha kevala bhArata meM hI nahIM vizva ke kone-kone meM vizrata aura prazaMsA prApta hai / isakI aneka vidhAe~ haiM / bhitticitra, kASTha-tAr3apatrAdi, vastrapaTa evaM kAgaja va kUTepara atrastha kalAkAroM kI sukumAra pIchI zatAbdiyoM se calatI AI hai| aura vaha anya deza-prAntIya dhArAoM meM mizrita ho kara navIna kalAzailI ke rUpa meM udbhUta ho gaI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki gujarAta kI zailI meM bhI pradezagata vibhinnatAeM evaM rAjasthAnI citrazailI meM bhI bIkAnera, jayapura, kizanagar3ha, jaisalamera, nAgaura, koTA, dI. udayapura, nAthadvArA, jodhapura Adi kI zailI bhinnabhinna parilakSita hone lgii| videza se Aye huye kalAkAroM meM IrAna, parziyA Adi kI kalA va paMjAva. kA~gar3A Adi kI kalA zailI ke vibhinna unmeSa Akara mile / mugalakalA, buMdelakalA va apabhraMzakAlInakalA sabhI dhArAeM isa prakAra milane ke sAtha-sAtha lokakalA ke sammizraNa se matheraNa jaina citrakalA zailI bhI nikala [ 131

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par3I / pUrvI bhArata meM baMgAla kI kalA kA prAcIna citrakalA meM to nahIM para Adhunika jaina citrakalA meM usakA vikAsa aura AdAna-pradAna vizAla rUpa meM ho gayA / jonapura ke kalpasUtrAdi ke citra bhI apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhate haiN| ina sabhI zailiyoM ke citra vibhinna rUpoM meM saMprApta haiM / tIrtha meM zrIpAla caritra ullekhanIya haiN| dillI naugharA ke mandira meM snAtrapUjAdi ke prAcIna citra haiN| Adhunika citra bhI Upara paryApta sundara bane haiN| raMgIna kAMca ke Tukar3oM ke citra bhI Ajakala acche banate haiM / nAkor3A tIrtha meM zAntinAtha caritra ke evaM phalaudI pArzvanAtha jI meM pArzvanAtha bhagavAna ke mavoM kI pUrI jIvanI citrita hai| vastrapaTa citrakalA dakSiNa bhArata meM parvata guphAoM kA Adhikya hone se vahA~ ke bhitticitra cirakAla taka Tike rahe para uttara bhArata meM ITa-cUne kI dIvAloM para navanirmANa naI zailI (phaizana) ke moha meM evaM kalAgata anabhijJatAvaza bahuta se bhitticitra tirohita ho gaye / unakA sthAna Adhunika prAkRtika dRzyoM va jApAnI TAliyoM va aMgrejo phaizana ne le liyaa| ataH bhitti citroM meM prAcIna zailI ke udAharaNa kvacit hI milate haiM / phira bhI gujarAta-rAjasthAna ke mandiroM meM kahIM-kahIM baca pAye hoM to saubhAgya kI bAta hai / nAgaura ke digambara jainamandira meM eka vizAla tIrthayAtrA kA bhitti citra dekhA gayA jo do zatI pUrva kA avazya hai| giranArajI para hemacandrAcArya jI kA prAcIna citra dekhA smaraNa meM AtA hai| kalI para bane hue bhitticitroM kI prathA meM kamI A jAne para bhI kahIM-kahIM dekhI jAtI hai / Adhunika bhitti citra kalA tela citroM se bar3I hI vikasita aura samRddha rUpa meM sarvatra saMprApta hai / isameM itanI adhika vividhatA hai ki darzaka usakA anumAna karate hI cakita ho jAtA hai / zrIpAla caritra, tIrthakara caritra, mahApuruSoM ke caritra, dAdAguruoM ke vibhinna citrita bhAva, tIrthoM ke citra, satiyoM ke citra Adi eka prakAra ke bIsoM citroM ke seTa citrita haiM / gata zatAbdI meM yaha citrakalA paryApta unnata huI hai| bIkAnera ke bhANDAsarajI ke mahAvIra svAmI ke mandira meM ustA murAdabaraza ke hAtha se bane huye bhitti citra haiM / isake putra hasAmadIna meM bhI apane kuzala citrakAra pitA kI virAsata parilakSita hai / mandiroM va dAdAbAr3I meM paryApta citra pAye jAte haiN| campApurI bhitti citroM ke pazcAt vastrapaToM kI citrakalA kA kucha paricaya kara yA jAnA Avazyaka hai| vastrapaTa para bane citroM ke aneka prakAra haiN| inameM nandIzvara dvIpa, lokanAlapaTa, DhAI dvIpa ke paTa, jambUdvIpapaTa, aSTadopapaTa, caudaha rAjaloka paTa. paMcatIrthapiTa. zatrujayapaTa, giranArapaTa, sUri maMtrapaTa, vijaya yaMtra paTa, vartamAna vidyApaTa, siddhacakra navapada yaMtra paTa, cintAmaNi pAzvanAtha paTa, kalikuNDa maMtra paTa, viMzati sthAnaka paTa, RSimaNDala paTa, nAmiUNa maMtra paTa, aTTa-maTTe maMtra paTa, neminAtha barAta paTa, samavazaraNa paTa, hrIM kAra paTa, cauvIsa tIrthakara paTa, jJAnabAjI, kSetrasamAsa, karmaprakRti, tIrthayAtrA paTa, vijJapti patra. janma patrikA TippaNaka, sacitra paMcAGga TippaNaka, anAnupUrvI, jinAlaya paTa, caturdaza mahAsvapna, aSTa mAMgalIka Adi saMkhyAbaddha citrapaTa gata chaH-sAta sau varSoM meM bane hue pracura parimANa meM upalabdha haiN| katipaya jaina graMtha bhI vastra paTa para likhe hue saMprApta haiM. inameM patrAkAra aura TippaNakAkAra ( Scroll ) bhI haiN| yataH-kacchUlIrAsa, dharmavidhiprakaraNa. karmaprakRti, bArahavratarAsa. osavAla. vaMza ke gotroM kI vaMzAvaliyA~, Agama AlApaka Adi meM kucha hamAre saMgraha meM bhI cAra-pA~casau varSa prAcIna saMprApta haiN| kalakattA ke suprasiddha zItalanAtha jinAlaya meM stotrAdi vastra paTa para likhe hue davAloM meM kAMca ke andara jar3e hue haiM / taMtrayuga meM aneka yatijana hanumAnapatAkA, paMcAMgulI, rAvaNapatAkA. ghaNTAkarNa, 132 ]

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eka cazma pratimAe~ haiM / tripurA yaMtrAdi aneka prakAra ke yaMtramaya citrapaTAdi banAkara apanI pUjA meM rakhate the| brahma deza kI sImA para sthita maNipura meM vastrapaTa para citrita kAma bahuta saste meM hotA thaa| kaI bandhuoM ne vahAM ke citrapaToM para jaina citra aMkita karavAye haiN| gurujanoM ke pRSThabhAga meM lagAe jAnevAle pUThiye va caMdovoM para bhI jarI, kalAbatta. tArA-salamA va kAracobI ke kAmavAle jinameM motI va javAhirAta pracuratA se lage haiM aise paTa tIrthakara, gaNadhara, samavasaraNa, siddhacakra aura indrAdideva va zrIpAla mainAsundarI ke bhAva vAle Aja bhI pracura parimANa meM banavAye jAte upalabdha haiN| aba katipaya mahattvapUrNa citrapaToM kA paricaya diyA jA rahA hai bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke caturdiga pA~ca valaya haiM jinakI zveta pRSThabhUmi para eka-eka koSThaka eka-eka nAma svargAkSaroM se likhita hai / madhyavalaya meM bhagavAna ke ubhayapakSa meM dharaNendra padmAvatI khar3e hue haiM / dAhinI ora dharaNendra ke mastaka para zyAma sarpa evaM TheTha pUre pA~va taka laMmbI dhotI pahanI huI hai jisake bUTe va kinArI nIle raMga kI hai| uttarIya vastra ke bUTe va kinArI lAla raMga kI hai| uttarIya kA Dara bAhara taka nikalA huA hai| prabhu ke bAe~ pAzrva meM padmAvatI devI kA jo citra hai usakA mukhamaNDala kA raMga ur3a gayA hai kintu devI raktavarNA hai| vastroM kI ajaMkRti sundara belabUToM se yukta hai| devI padmAvatI vividha prakAra ke AbharaNoM se susajjita hai| isa citra paTa ke surakSita na rahane se prathama valaya ke sabhI nAma ur3a gae haiM. isameM ATha koSThaka haiN| dvitIya valaya bhI ATha koSThakamaya hai| "OM uvajjhAyANaM hrIM namaH" tathA "OMsarvasAhUNaM hrIM namaH" dikhAI dete haiN| tIsare valaya meM kAlI, mahAkAlI, acchuptA Adi SoDaza vidyAdeviyoM ke nAma likhe haiM / caturtha valaya meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI - mAtAoM ke nAma, paMcama valaya meM cAroM dizAoM-Upari bhAga meM agni, dAhinI ora IzAna, vAmapArzva meM naiRta aura nimna bhAga meM vAyu likhA hai / avaziSTa valayoM meM vijayA, jayantI, varuNa, jaMbhA, kubera, vIrA Adi ke nAma likhe haiM / upari bhAga ke hrIM kAra se sAr3he tIna A~Te lagAye hue haiM. ye sabhI lAla raMga ke haiN| (1) zrIcintAmaNi pArzvanAtha paTa--yaha paTa vartamAna meM prApta sabhI vastrapaTa citroM meM prAcIna hai| yaha 19418 iMca parimita hai| khAdI ke vastra para ghoTAI karane ke anantara raMgIna va rekhA citroM ke anUThe sammizraNa se isa citrapaTa kA nirmANa huA hai| isake madhyavartI valaya meM zropArzvanAtha bhagavAna kI zveta parikara ke madhya haritavarNI pratimA citrita hai| bhagavAna saptaphagamaNDita haiM / isa valaya kI paridhi kA bhItarI bhAga lagabhaga chaH iMca kA hai| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha svAmI ke svarNa va muktAlaMkAra paridhApita mukuTa, karNaphUla, bhujabaMda, zrIphala, kaNThahAra va motiyoM kI lar3eM va hAra Adi suzobhita haiN| bhagavAna ke netra var3e AkarSaka va sundara haiM / bhAlasthala para tilaka ke sthAna para hIroM se jar3I huI gola TIkI hai jisake caturdika, lAlaraMga kA gherA mANikajaTita pratIta hotA hai| padnAsanastha pramANopeta pratimA ke nimnabhAga meM Asana para sarpa kA lAMchana alaMkRta citra hai / parikara zveta saMgamaramara kA hai| jisakA toraNa bhAga prAyaH naSTa- sA ho rahA hai / apari bhAga meM do daiThI huI va nIce ubhaya pakSa meM khar3I huI paricAraka iMdra kI mukuTabaddha eka- __ isa citrapaTa ke avaziSTa bhAga kI pRSThabhUmi lAla raMga ko hai jisameM hI kAra ke ubhaya pakSa meM mayara aura mayUrI citrita haiM / mayUra kA citra sundara hai aura usakI coMca meM mAlA dhAraNa kI huI hai. mayarI kA citra luptaprAyaH hai| citrapaTa ke dAhine kone meM 4-5 ica parimita pArzva yakSa kA sundara citra hai jisa para kAlI syAhI se [ 133

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'zrI pArzva yakSa:' likhA huA hai| pAzvaM yakSa kA sArA varNa harita raMga kA hai| yakSarAja ke hAthoM meM nakula, pAza, vIjorA Adi parilakSita haiM / UparI bhAga ke ubhaya pakSa meM gola harita pRSTha bhUmi meM gulAbI kamala bane hue haiM / inake Age aura mayUra ke pRSTha bhAga meM tathA sAmane mayarI ke pRSTha bhAga meM do vyakti citrita haiM jinake mastaka para zyAma keza aura tanmadhya gulAbI raMga kI khUpa lagI hai| eka kI dhotI lAla raMga kI va uttarIya nIla raMga kA hai| dUsare kI dhotI kAle raMga kI va uttarIya lAla raMga kA hai| donoM vyakti vyoma sthita hone se unake uttarIya havA meM laharA rahe haiN| citrapaTa ke Upari bhAga meM vAma pArzva ke citra meM "zrI vairuTyA devatA" likhA hai| devI kA varNa nIla hai. cAroM hAthoM meM mAlA Adi dhAraNa kiye haiN| devI kA mukha-maNDala eka cazma haiM. netra donoM dikhAe haiN| devI kA avaziSTa citra pUrA hai aura mukha hrIM kAra kI ora hai / devI kA AkarSaka mukha-maNDala kA tIkhA nAka aura cibuka bhI sundara hai / yaha citra apabhraza zailI ke kalpa- sutrAdi suprasiddha jaina kalA zailI kA utkRSTa udAharaNa hai| devI ke vastra gulAbI aura sAr3I kA raMga gulAbI aura kucha bhAga pIta varNa kA hai| Upari bhAga meM gulAbI raMga ko chIMTa kA caMdovA aura ubhaya pakSa meM motiyoM kI mAlA ke phaMdeyukta laTakala hai| devI ke pRSTha bhAga meM prabhA-maNDala ke ghere kI gola rekhAeM haiN| hokara "kroM" bIjAkSara Alekhana meM pariNata ho gayA haiN| paTa ke nimna bhAga meM sAmane dAhinI ora bhadrAsana para AcArya pravara zrI taruNaprabhasUrijI mahArAja virAjamAna haiM / gauravarNa vAle AcArya deva apane hAtha meM mukha ke sAmane mukhavastrikA kiye hue baiThe haiM / inakA dAhinA . gor3A siMhAsana para va vA~yA pAMva nIce kiyA huA hai| sUrijI ke bagala meM rajoharaNa par3A hai aura zarIra para patalI-sI cAdara or3hI huI hai / colapaTA nIce pA~voM taka dikhAyA gayA hai| siMhAsana para aSTApada-siMha va hAthI Adi ke citra tIna lAla cakroM meM kAlI rekhA se citrita hai| AcArya zrI ke mastaka para kAle keza haiM evaM dAr3hI-mUMcha kA keza laMcana kiyA huA hai / sUrijI ke sammukha bhAga meM kAle raMga ke DaNDe vAlI ThavaNI para tADapatrIya grantha va sthApanAcAryajI sthApita haiM jina para phUla-pattIdAra vastra jhilamila DhaMkA huA hai aura ubhaya pakSa meM nIce phaMde laTaka rahe haiN| tAr3apatrIya grantha ke jarIdAra vITAMgaNe (veSTana) kA svarNima raMga bahuta kucha utara gayA hai| siMhAsana ke donoM pAyoM kA raMga ur3a gayA hai para sAmane pIle raMga kI citrita phaladAra paTTI hai / AcArya zrI ke samakSa choTe bAjoTa para nIce ziSya avasthita hai jisake donoM hAthoM meM vijJaptipatra kA laMbA TippaNaka khola kara par3hate hue dikhAyA mAlUma detA hai| valava valaya ke ubhaya pakSa meM do vyakti cAmaradhArI kAlI dAr3hI vAle avasthita haiM / ye eka hAtha U~cA kiye cAmara kI DAMDI pakar3e hue haiN| cAmara kA raMga ur3a gayA hai| ina puruSoM meM eka ke nIla raMga kI vUTedAra dhotI va lAla raMga kA bUTedAra uttarIya hai / dUsare ke lAla bUTe kI dhotI va nIla raMga kA uttarIya dhAraNa kiyA huA hai| inake gale meM hAra, hAthoM meM valaya va pairoM meM bhI nupUra pahane hue haiN| vAma pAvasthita puruSa ke nIce valaya kA lAlagherA samApta citrapaTa ke vAma pArzva meM sAmane siMhAsana para koI vAcanAcArya yA upAdhyAya virAjita haiM jinake donoM pA~va siMhAsana ke nIce haiN| jor3e hue donoM hAthoM ke bIca mukhavastrikA evaM bagala meM rajoharaNa dhAraNa kiyA huA hai aura ve caitra vandana karate huye pratIta hote haiM / inake Age nIce vAjoTa para eka ziSya baiThA huA hai jo isI prakAra hAtha jor3e hue caityavandana mudrA meM hai / madhyavartI rikta sthAna ko kamala ke citroM dvArA suzobhita banAyA gayA hai| 134 ]

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yaha citra paTa hamAre zaMkaradAna nAhaTA kalA bhavana meM hai aura caudahavIM zatI ke zepa kI utkRSTa citrakalA kA namUnA hai| isakA samaya vikrama saMvat 1400 ke Asa- pAsa kA hai| (2) DhAI dvIpa kA paTa-yaha paTa 22422 iMca mApa kA hai aura solahavIM zatI kI apabhraza kalA kA sundara udAharaNa hote hue bhI madhya sthita jambU dvIpa kA bhAga naSTa ho kara lupta ho gayA hai| isameM nagara, khaNDa, parvatAdi ke nAma bhI likhe huye the / dhAtakIkhaNDa va puSkara dvIpa meM eka-eka jinezvara va unake ubhaya pakSa meM koNAkRti ke madhya nara-nArI yugala svatantra kakSa meM banAe haiM / samudra va nadiyoM kA jala gahare AsamAnI raMga kA hai va kAlI lahareM va matsyAdi jaMtu dikhAe haiN| paTa ke cAroM konoM meM cAra zAzvata jinAlaya bhI kalApUrNa zikharabaddha batAe hai| valaya aura catuSkoNa hrIM kAra ke madhya rikta sthAna meM nIce se prAraMbha ho kara akrama se ubhaya pakSa meM OM hrIM a si A u sA i u U R R la la e ai o au aM aH svAhA // likhA huA hai / dvitIya valaya meM kamala kI ATha paMkhur3iyA~ haiM jina para arhanta bhagavAna ke sAmane arthAt nIce OM hrIM siddhebhyaH svAhA / / 2 / / dAhinI ora OM hrIM AcAryebhyo svAhA / / 3 / / UparibhAga meM arthAt pRSThabhAga kI paMkhur3I para OM hrIM upAdhyAyebhyaH svAhA // 4 / / vAma pArzva kI paMkhur3I para OM hrIM sarva sAdhubhyaH svAhA |5| phira OM hrIM samyak darzanAya svAhA // 6 / / tatpazcAt siddha bhagava na ke bAda OM hrIM samyaka jJAnAya svAhA / / 7 / / phira OM hrIM samyaka cAritrAya svAhA / / 8 / / likha kara aMtima paMkhur3I para OM hrIM samyaka tapase svAhA ||9|| likhA hai| yahA~ taka navapadoM kI sthApanA pUrNa kara tRtIya valaya meM SoDaza dala kI paMkhur3iyA~ banAI haiN| paMkhur3iyoM ke madhyavartI riktasthAna ko kAle raMga ke bIca rikta pattiyA~ chor3akara alaMkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| (3) siddhacakrapaTa-yaha citrapaTa eka phuTa laMvA va nau iMca caur3A hai / isake bIca meM lAla raMga kI rekhAoM se hrIM kAra kA valaya banAkara UparibhAga meM hI kAra se prArambha hokara sAr3he tIna A~TA lagane ke bAda 'kroM' maMtrAkSara se zeSa kiyA gayA hai / isa cakra ke madhyavartI kendrIya arihaMta bhagavAna ke citra se paricaya karAne kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai-madhya se prathama valaya ke andara banA huA catuSkoNa hI kAra bhI sAr3he tIna gheroM meM 'kroM vIjAkSara se zeSa hotA hai / isakI madhyavartI pRSThabhUmi catuSkoNa hai jisameM siMhAsana para arihaMta bhagavAna virAjamAna hai / prabhu pratimA mukuTa, hAra. bhujabaMda, zrIphala aura muktAhAra Adi AbharaNoM se suzobhita hai / bhagavAna ke skandhoM taka pRSThabhUmi meM siMhAsana kA raMga nIlA hai tadupari bhAga meM harI nAla vAle lAla raMga ke baMda kamala jhUla rahe haiM / prabhu ke netra aNiyAle aura bhauMheM laharadAra dhanuSAkRti ko hai / nIce kA Asana paTakoNa yA aSTakoNAkRti vAlA hai| tRtIya valaya kI paMkhur3iyoM para lAlaraMga se eka-eka paMkhur3I chor3a kara AThoM paMkhur3iyoM meM OM Namo arihaMtANaM likhA hai| avaziSTa ATha paMktiyoM meM OM hrIM OM arha a A i I u U R Rla la. e ai o au aM aH ||1|| phira OM hrIM ahaM ka kha ga gha Ga hrIM svAhA // 2 // phira OM hrIM ahaM ca cha ja jha Ja svAhA / / 3 / / phira OM hrIM ahaM Ta Tha Da Dha Na hrIM svAhA / / phira OM hrIM arha ta tha da dha na hrIM svAhA / tatpazcAt OM hrIM pa pha ba bha ma hrIM svAhA / phira "OM hrI~ arha ya ra la va hrIM svAhA / / phira OM hrIM OM aha~ za Sa sa ha hrIM svAhA likha kara SoDaza dala kI pUrti kI gaI hai| caturtha valaya meM cAra dizA aura cAra vidizAoM meM kevala OM hrIM likha kara rikta rakhA huaa| isa hrIM kAra valaya ke caturdika lAla raMga kI pRSTha [ 135

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bhUmi hai jisapara cAroM konoM meM cAra bar3e-bar3e citra bane hue haiN| dAhinI ora Upari bhAga meM nIle raMga ke Asana para dharaNendra virAjamAna haiM jisake bA~e gor3e ke nIce gajavAhana / aura cAroM hAthoM meM aMkuza, bIjorA, kamalanAla aura mudrA yukta nyAsa mAlUma detA hai| dharaNendra ke mastaka para saptaphaNa maNDita svarNa mukuTa yukta hai| kuNDala. hAra va hAthoM-pairoM meM bhI AbharaNa haiM / dhotI lAla bUTIdAra va uttarIya ke kAlI bUTI va patra-yukta hAthoM meM laharA rahA hai| bA~yIM aura Upara meM devI kA citra banA huA hai jisakI cAra bhujAe haiN| do hAthoM meM kamalanAla jesI vastu hai| devI ke svarNa mukuTa va hAra Adi suzobhita haiN| devI kA ghAgharA nIlI caukar3I ke madhya bUTIdAra va oDhaNA lAla raMga kI bUTIvAlA hai| nIce biche hue Asana para devI virAjamAna hai aura bA~ye goDe ke nIce nIle baTe kI chIMTa maNDita pratolyAkAra-sA vastrakhaNDa bana gayA hai| pairoM meM bhI devI ne AbhUSaNa pahane hue haiM aura unake sAmane gola candrAkAra jaisA kucha hai aura nIce eka ur3atA huA puruSAkAra garur3a jaisA dikhAyA hai jo usakA vAhana hai| prayukta huI hai| ise jinabhadrasUri yuga kI zailI kA mAnane ke aneka kAraNa haiM / yaha citrapaTa hamAre kalAbhavana meM sthita hai| (8) hI kAra paTa-yaha paTa 34||34|| ica samacaurasa mila ke vastra para banA huA sau varSa prAcIna hai aura cAroM ora ulaTA kara mazIna se silAI kiyA huA hai / isake madhya meM hrIMkAra mAyA bIja meM cauvIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke citra bane the jo naSTa prAyaH ho gae / sabhI jinabimboM ke nIce nAma likhe hue haiN| sAmane donoM dAdA zrI jinadattasUrijI va zrI jinakuzalasUrijI virAjamAna haiN| dUsarI ora bhI zrI jinadattasUrijI the, citra naSTaprAyaH hai / hrIM kAra valaya ke bAhara sAta valaya aura haiM jo svarNamaya haiM aura sabhI koSTha ko likhe huye nAma naSTa ho gae haiN| upari bhAga meM dAhinI ora khar3e dharaNendra aura vAma pArzva meM devI padmAvatI siMhAsana para virAjita haiM jisake samakSa vAhana kukkuTa avasthita hai| nimna bhAga meM gorA bhairava aura kAlA bhairava ke khar3e sunahare citra haiM para donoM ke pAsa zvAna vAhana kAle raMga kI rekhA citra haiM / hrIMkAra valaya ke caturviMga vartalAkAra sAr3he tIna lAla lAinoM kA gherA banA huA hai| cAroM ora lAla dhArI ke bIca bela-bUTe haiN| valayAkAra hI ke nIce ke donoM konoM meM do deva bane hue haiM jisake samakSa vAhana rUpa meM zvAna avasthita haiN| donoM ke sira para eka jaisA chatra hai evaM eka vastra paridhApita hai| donoM mRgacarma pahane haiM aura lAla chApe kA bUTedAra uttarIya laharA rahA hai| donoM deva cAra mujAvAle haiM, hAthoM meM DamarU, khappara, DhAla jaisI bastu dhAraNa kI huI hai| saMbhava hai ki ye donoM bhairava kSetrapAla hoM / vAma pArzva sthita bhairava ke sammukha eka vedI jaisA bhadrAsana banA huA hai| (5) kalikuNDa mahAprabhAvaka yaMtra-yaha paTa bhI upayukta hrIM kAra paTa jaisA hI samakAlIna nirmita hai / madhya meM SaDakoNAkRti ke madhya catuSkoNa meM pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kI harita varNa kI pratimA hai / isake nIlavarNa kI pRSTha bhUmi hai aura svarNa kA pUrA upayoga huA hai / ubhaya pakSa meM cAmaradhArI avasthita haiN| dharaNendra padmAvatI Adi ke anya koSThakoM meM nAma bhI likhe huye haiM / isa valaya ke bAhara do aura valaya haiM jinake raMgIna kASThoM meM nAma the| isa paTa ke cAroM ora yaMtra kA nAma Alekhita hai| eka kone meM nimnokta lekha hai| U~ hrIM zrIM kalikuNDa zrI pAzvanAtha duSTa durjana isa paTa ke sabhI citra bar3e sundara aura apabhraza citra zailI ke utkRSTa namUne haiN| isameM deva-deviyoM ke nAma likhe huye na hone se anumAna se hI likhA hai / isakI pRSTha bhUmi lAla hai aura apabhraMza madhya kAla kI pandrahavIM zatI kI zailI vidita hotI hai| akSaroM meM par3I mAtrA 136 ]

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vazyaM daitya dAnava bhUta preta mogA kSetrapAla khavIsa pizAca DAkiNI sAkaNI saMhArI anyepi duSTa deva deviya baMdha mohaya mohaya sarva vazyaM kuru svAhA aharIkSA mama gaccha svajana saMbaMdhI mama zrAvaka zrAvikA parigraha sukhaM kuru kuru svAhA / / zrI pUraNacandajI nAhara ke saMgraha meM bhI aneka prakAra ke citrapaTa haiM / DhAI dvIpa paTa, naMdIzvara dvIpa paTa, rAmAyaNa ke paTa, hI kAra paTa. nemi barAta, varddhamAna vidyA paTa solahavIM zatI se lekara unnIsavIM zatI taka ke haiN| tapAgaccha vaMzavRkSa 10 phuTa laMbA aura 42 ica caur3A hai jo saM01890 kA hai aura usameM ahamadAbAda ke seTha zAMtidAsa ke vaMzaja seTha vakhatacaMda Adi ke nAma haiN| detA hai. yaha nIla varNa kA hai| isa citra paTa kI pRSThabhUmi lAla hai aura bhagavAna ke jalapUrNa citra kakSa ke donoM ora tIna-tIna deviyA~ va sAmane pArzvayakSa tathA vAma pArzva meM dAr3hIvAlA azvArohI bhAlA liye khar3A hai| prabhu ke Age taka nAgarAja ke zarIra kA adhaubhAga phelA huA hai| sAmane vedI ke bA~yeM tarapha eka zramaNa aura dAhinI ora eka bhakta baiThA hai| nimna bhAga meM 9 graha. nAgarAja aura devI kI pratimA hai| prabhu ke Upara tIna chatra haiM jo eka Upara aura do barAbara haiN| donoM ora ToDoM para dAr3hI vAle vyakti kamalanAla lie avasthita haiN| prabhu ke donoM ora vAhyabhAga meM do-do kakSa haiM jinameM prathama kakSa meM dAhinI ora gajArUr3ha aMkuza, pAza lie phagamaNDita dharaNendra va vAma pArzva meM padmAvatI devI kI raktavarNA khar3I pratimA hai| donoM aura phira do cAmaradhAriNI avasthita hai| ahichattA vIrtha ke cAroM koNoM meM zatrujaya, giranAra, AbU aura sammetazikhara mahAtIrtha haiN| pahAr3oM para car3hate hue yAtrI parilakSita haiM / sammetazikharajI ke jalamandira meM sAdhu aura zrAvikAeM khar3e haiN| zatruJjaya tIrtha para donoM zikharoM ke pratIka do mandira aura pAMca pANDava pratimAe' dikhAI haiN| giranArajI kI pahalI TaMka aura Ava tIrtha ke tIna mandira dikhAe haiM ataH kharataravasahI kA nirmANa citrapaTa banane se pUrva ho gayA thaa| apabhraMza citra zailI kA yaha sundara citrapaTa sArAbhAI ke saMgraha meM hai| ___muni puNyavijayajI ke saMgraha meM amaTTe yaMtra paTa hai jisameM hrIM kAra ke bIca zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAna virAjita haiN| isameM aneka deva-deviyoM ke sundara citra haiM / ArAdhaka munirAja bhI sAmane karabaddha baiThe haiN| yaha paTa I0 sana 1400 ke AsapAsa kA honA anumAnita hai| eka aura varddhamAna vidyA kA yaMtrapaTa hai jo zrI jinamaMDana gaNi ke lie nirmita hai / isake madhya sthita hrIM kAra meM eka citra hai aura sabhI gharoM meM maMtrAkSara likhe haiN| yaha bhI munipuNyavijayajI ke saMgraha meM hai| zrI sArAbhAI maNilAla navAba ne zrI sUrimaMtra kalpa sandoha va jaina citrAvalI Adi meM katipaya paTa prakAzita kie haiM jo mahatvapUrNa hone se yahA~ paricaya karAnA Avazyaka hai| (1) paMcatIrthI paTa-zatrujaya, giranAra, AbU. sammeta zikharAdi kA yaha paTa pandrahavIM zatAbdI kA banA huA hai / isake madhya sthita pArzvanAtha bhagavAna sahasraphagA jala kamala ke madhya padmAvatau zIrSastha dhyAnAvasthA kA citra hai jo tIrtha ahichattA kA kamaThopasarga mAlUma (2) sarimaMtrapaTa-yaha citra lAla raMga kI pRSTha bhUmi meM banA huA mugalakAlIna hai / madhya meM SaTkoNa ke bIca hrIM kAra meM jina pratimA hai| bAhara ke cAra valayoM meM nAmayukta koSThaka haiN| bAda ke valaya meM ATha jina pratimAe' aura tadubhaya pakSa meM devI-devatA haiN| usake bAda ke valaya meM cauvIsa tIrthakara apane-apane varNa meM citrita haiN| valaya se bAhara cAroM konoM meM deviyA~ haiM, dAhinI ora Upara caturbhujI, nIce mahAlakSmI aura vAma pArzva [ 137

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meM Upara siMhavAhinI nIce ke koNa meM gajavAhinI haiM. donoM hI SoDazabhujI haiN| Upara se nIce taka ubhaya pakSa meM sUrimaMtra gata deva deviyA~ aura unake pratIka vane hue haiM / Upari bhAga meM toraNa ke ubhayapakSa meM cAra hAtha vAle gajArUr3ha deva aura nimnabhAga meM eka aura guru pAdukA, madhya meM ATha kalaza va dUsarI ora virAjita haiN| yaha paTa sArAbhAI ke saMgraha meM hai| ArAdhaka (3) varddhamAna vidyA paTa- yaha kharataragaccha AmnAya kA 16 vIM zatI ke prAraMbha kA citra paTa hai / isake madhya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra virAjita haiM, unake parikara meM donoM ora uparibhAga meM kalazadhArI aura mAtaMga yakSa, brahmazAMti yakSa evaM siddhAyikA va eka aura devo hai / nIce ke donoM ora kakSa meM kinnariyAM nRtya-vAjitrarata haiM evaM tannimna bhAga meM nau grahoM ke citra haiM jinake Upara varddhamAna vidyA likhI huI hai| prazasti meM likhA hai ki varddhamAna vidyA devatA jayasAgaropAdhyAya zi0 ratnacandra zi0 bhaktilAbho - pAdhyAyasya saparivArasya zAMti-tuSTi kreN| yaha paTa paM0 amRtalAla bhojaka ke saMgraha meM hai| (4) sUrimaMtra garmita vRhaddha siddhacakra paTa- yaha mugala kAlIna citrapaTa hai jisake madhyavartI navapadamaMtra ke sAta valayoM meM sUrimaMtra ke adhiSThAyaka citra yaMtra va navanidhi Adi citrita hai| cAroM dvAra vAtAyanoM ke ubhayapakSa meM cAmaradhArI khar3e haiM evaM cAroM kogoM meM hAthI, vRSabha, azva, mRga para baiThe mAtaMga, brahmazAMti Adi deva haiM jinake hAtha meM bhinna-bhinna Ayudha haiM aura Age-pIche paricAraka haiM jinake hAthoM meM morachala, cAmara, bhAlA, nejA Adi vastue~ hai saba kI veza bhUSA para mugala prabhAva spaSTa parilakSita hai| yaha paTa sArAbhAI ke saMgraha meM hai| (5) sUrimaMtrapaTa - yaha rAjapUta kalama kA alaMkaraNa vihIna citra paTa hai| isameM paTkoNa ke madhya gautama svAmI haiM jinake ubhaya pakSa meM hAthI aura cAmaradhArI haiN| cAroM koNoM meM sarasvatI, lakSmI, mAtaMga yakSAdi citrita haiN| 138 ] nimna bhAga meM bAjoTa para sAdhu aura sAmane zrAvaka baiThA hai| unake Upara 'zrImunisundarasUrigurubhyo namaH' likhA hai| (6) sUrimaMtra garmita saMtikara stotra yaMtra paTa- yaha paTa siddhacakra kI bhA~ti vRttAkAra banA huA hai / madhyasthita paTkoNa para arhata bhagavAna aura Upara nIce caturdiga lakSmI Adi deva-devI va maMtra likhita hai| madhya ke valaya meM saMtikara stotra va bAharI valaya ke kakSa meM maMtrAdi likhe hue haiN| sUrimaMtra ke pAMca pIThoM ke deva zrutadevatA, tribhuvanasvAminI, lakSmI, gaNapiTaka yakSarAja, nabagraha Adi citrita haiN| (7) RpimaNDala vRhada yaMtra-yaha citrapaTa lAla pRSThabhUmi para banA huA bar3A sundara hai| isake madhya ke valaya meM hI kAra hai jisameM caubIsa tIrthaMkara bane haiN| bAda meM (1) bIjAkSara 35 kA valaya (2) mAtRkAkSara (3) ATha maMtrAkSaroM kA hai phira aSTadala kamala kA valaya hai jisameM 9 graha haiN| cAro koNoM meM daza digpAla, dharaNendra, padmAvatI, sarasvatI, lakSmI, ambikA kSetrapAla va gautama svAmI ke citra haiN| nimna bhAga meM nava nidhi kalaza haiN| vAmapArzva meM ArAdhaka muni virAjita haiN| solahavIM zatI kA yaha sundara citrAlaMkaraNa yukta va raMga kI caTaka bhI acchI hai| (8) maMtrAdhirAja cintAmaNi yaMtra-yaha citra bhI uparyukta citra kI bhA~ti pandrahavIM zatI kA sundara citra hai| isakI lAla pRSThabhUmi hai. madhya meM zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAna hai aura dharaNendra padmAvatI bhI khar3e haiN| do valayoM maiM aSTadala hai'| bAharI bhAga meM nava graha, nava nidhAna, dasa digpAla, sarasvatI, lakSmI tribhuvanasvAminI, kSetrapAla, brahmA indra Adi haiN| citroM ke pAsa sUkSmAkSaroM meM nAma likhe haiN| "hI" ke ghere ko 'kroM' meM lAkara zeSa kiyA gayA hai / (9) zatruMjaya tIrthayAtrA paTa - pATaNa ke saMghavI pAr3A ke bhaNDAra meM saM0 1490 meM Aye hue yAtrI saMgha ke citroM

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vAlA vastrapaTa hai jisameM thor3e meM adhika bhAva vyakta kiye haiN| nagara ke parakoTe meM do jinAlaya haiN| bAhara meM eka aura gAr3I par3I hai jisake nIce baila vaiThe vizrAma kara rahe haiM / eka ora guru mahArAja vA vyAkhyAna ho rahA hai / gola jalAzaya ke pAsa yAtrI khar3e haiM aura khoMce vAle vikretAoM se sAmAna kraya kara rahe haiN| pahAr3a para vRkSAdi bhI haiM aura yAtrIgaNa car3ha rahe haiN| isI prakAra giranAra yAtrArtha Ae saMgha ke citra meM talahaTI, nagara parakoTe meM jinAlaya, jalAzaya, guru mahArAja kA vyAkhyAna, gAr3iyAM, vahalI, deharAsara-ratha, calate hue yAtrIgaNa Adi sundara dikhAe haiN| zatrujaya girirAja darzana meM saM0 1698 ke paMcatIrthI paTa ke zava. jaya paTAMza kA phoTo chapA hai jo ahamadAbAda ke suprasiddha seTha zAMtidAsa dvArA nirmApita hai / isameM tIrtha ke saMkSipta bhAva dikhAye haiM / isakI prazasti ke anusAra isameM giranAra Ava, caMdraprabha, munisuvrata, jIrAvalA, navakhaMDA. devakulapATaka, hastinApura, kalikuNDa, phalavRddhi, karaheTaka, zaMkhezvara tIrthAdi ke citra bhI hone caahie| saMghavI dvArA caumukhIjI kI TUka pratiSThA Adi kA citra hai| AcAryoM aura saMghapati Adi ke citra bhI aneka aura mahatvapUrNa haiN| yaha citrapaTa jaisalamera meM kharataragaccha kI vegar3a zAkhA ke jinezvarasUri ke samaya paM0 amaradatta dvArA citrita hai jo svayaM yAtrA meM sAtha the aura lagabhaga eka varSa pazcAt saM0 1676 vaizAkha sudi 3 meM banakara taiyAra huA hai| prazasti meM aneka nagaroM ke saMgha aura zrAvakoM ke nAma bhI haiM / bhaugolika dRSTi se zatruJjaya tIrtha kI tatkAlIna sthiti kI paryApta jAnakArI milatI hai / isI citra zailI aura bIkAnerI kalama kA lagabhaga 30 phuTa laMbA badrInArAyaNa yAtrA kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa TippaNakacitra zrIlAlacaMdajI votharA ke saMgraha meM dekhA thA jisakA vivaraNa prakAzita kiyA jA cukA hai| tIrthayAtrApaTa do prakAra ke hote haiN| Aja bhI zatrujaya paTa pAlItAnA Adi meM pracura parimANa meM banate haiM aura pASANa maya eTa bhI prAcIna kAla se banate Aye haiM unakA bar3A bhArI aitihAsika mahattva hai / tIrthoM ke mAnacitra meM nava nirmANa hote rahane se kaba kyA parivartana AyA hai yaha spaSTa jJAta ho jAtA hai| ye paTa AkAra meM bahuta bar3e hote haiM / bIkAnera jJAna bhaNDAra meM katipaya aura hamAre saMgraha meM bhI bahuta bar3A citrapaTa hai| jayapura ke kharataragacchIya jJAnabhaMDAra meM aneka prakAra ke citrapaTa saMgRhIta haiM jinameM eka yAtrA paTa jo TippaNaka ( Scroll ) AkAra meM 25 phuTa laMbA aura 23 / / iMca caur3A hai| yaha vijJaptipatra kI mA~ti citrita hai| isameM saM0 1675 vaizAkha sudi 13 ke zrIjinarAjasUri jI aura jinasAgarasUri ke netRtva meM saMgha yAtrA aura rUpAjI kASThaphalaka citra zilpa aura citrakalA ke upAdAnoM meM kASTha kA sthAna bhI bar3A mahattvapUrNa hai| vAr3I pArzvanAtha kA adbhuta gavAkSa videzoM ke saMgrahAlayoM kI zobhA bar3hAtA hai| isI prakAra zatruJjaya ke eka jinAlaya kA paripUrNa AkAra amerikA meM vidyamAna hai| kASThaphalakAdi para citrita prAcIna citra bhI paryApta pramANa meM upalabdha haiM / rAjamahaloM meM seTha. sAhUkAroM ke gharoM va mandiroM ke zahatIra, AlA, alamArI Adi ke kapAToM para citra karane kI prAcIna prathA thii| mandiroM meM vyavasthApakoM kI asAvadhAnI se etadviSayaka sAmagrI naSTa ho gii| hastalikhita granthoM ko rakhane ke lie jo Dibbe hote unheM "DAbar3A" kahA jAtA thaa| una para bhI vividha bhA~ti ke citrAGkana pAye jAte haiM jina meM aSTamaGgala, caturdaza mahAsvapnAdi ke sAtha-sAtha bhagavAna kI mAtA evaM phUla-pattiyA~ aura ghaTanAkrama ke citra bhI aMkita rahate the| granthoM ko rakhane kI bar3I peTiyA~ bhI kahIMkahIM sundara citroM se yukta kalApUrNa hotI thiiN| lAkSA va rogana vArniza ke lepa se unheM camakadAra banAyA jAtA thA / choTechoTe kalamadAna bhI citra saMyukta banAye jAte the| [ 139

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surata ke saMyadapurA sthita naMdIzvara dvIpa mandira meM lakar3I ke pATiye para 108 phuTa kA zatrujaya girirAja kA citra banA huA hai jisameM Agantuka saMgha evaM tatkAlIna sabhI mandiroM arthAt vi0 saM01780 se pUrva kI sabhI TraMkoM kA dRzya citrita hai| isa kalApUrNa citra ko . AcArya zrI jJAnavimalasUri jI ne citrita karavAyA thaa| kASThamaya citroM meM yaha bar3A mahatvapUrNa hai| zrI zatrujaya girirAja darzana meM likhA hai ki saM01672 kA seTha zAMti dAsa ke samaya kA paTa AnaMda jI kalyANa jI ko peDho meM vidyanAna hai jisakA kucha bhAga 'mArga' meM prakAzita huA hai| kUTe ke citra kASTha-citroM meM tAr3apatrIya granthoM ke kASThaphalaka lagabhaga bArahavIM zatI se upalabdha hote haiN| inheM vividha mApa ke tADapatrIya granthoM ke lie usI mApa ke bnaae| jAte the| inameM lambAI ke anupAta meM kaI kakSoM meM vibhAjita kara sundara belapattiyoM ke hA~siyoM sahita citrita kie jAte the / ATha-nau sau varSa pUrva ke bane citroM meM raMga kI camaka Aja kI-sI vidyamAna haiN| ina kASTha-paTTikAoM meM sarvaprAcIna hamAre saMgraha kI zrI jinadattasUrijI ke AcAryapada se pUrva kI hai jisameM AcArya guNasamudra sUrijI ke sAtha muni somacandra (jinadattasUri ) virAjamAna haiN| isake pazcAt jinavallabhasUra aura zrI jinadattasUri ke citroM vAlI kaI kASThapaTTikAe upalabdha haiM jinameM se eka paTTikA lohAvaTa ke bhaNDAra meM hai| tribhuvanagiri ke yAdava rAjA kumArapAla ke sAtha dAdA zrI jinadattasUri ke prabacana-sabhA ke citra vAlI kASThapaTTikA jaisalamera ke jJAnabhaNDAra meM hai| vAdidevasUri aura digambara kumudacaMdra ke zAstrArtha ke bhAvoM / kI atyanta sundara kASTha-paTTikAe bhI jaisalamera ke zrIjinabhadrasUri jJAna bhaNDAra kI amUlya nidhi thI jo muni jinavijayajI ne lAkara bhAratIya vidyA bhavana meM rakhI / parantu Aja vaha bir3alAjI ke saMgrahAlaya kI zobhA bar3hA rahI hai| jaisalamera bhaNDAra meM mahAvIra paMcakalyANaka citrapaTTikA, caturvizati tIrthakara mAtR-paTTikAe', AdinAtha prabhu ke jIvana prasaMga, caturdazasvapna, jalakrIr3A evaM jirApha Adi durlabha prANiyoM kI citramaya paTTikAe vidyamAna haiN| lauMkAgacchIya bhaNDAra kI bhagavatI sUtra kI bArahavIM zatI kI tAr3apatrIya prati kI kASTha-paTTikA meM bhagavAna neminAtha svAmI ke nau bhavoM ke citra haiM / inake atirikta velapattiyoM Adi ke citrayukta kASThapaTTikAeM bhI upalabdha hai| pUrvakAla meM zatrujaya tIrtha para sundara kASTha kI koraNI va citra kAma vAle mandira the, bAda meM agni upadravAdi ke kAraNa unake sthAna para patthara evaM ITa-cUne dvArA mandiroM kA nirmANa hone lagA hai| kAgaja kI lugdI, vastra khaNDa aura cikanI miTTI Adi ke saMyoga se nirmita kUTe kI kaI prakAra kI vastue banAyI jAtI thI / inameM devAlaya, siMhAsana, DAbar3e, kalama-dAna Adi vividha upAdAna banate the jinapara sundara citrakArI bhI kI jAtI thii| aise DAbar3e Adi lagabhaga cAra-pA~ca sau varSa prAcIna bhI pAye jAte haiN| ina sabhI meM miTTI kA upayoga nahIM hotA thaa| hamAre saMgraha meM aise raMgIna kAMca jar3e hue va citrita siMhAsana va bar3e-bar3e hAthI bhI vidyamAna hai| eka choTA kalama-dAna kRSNalIlA ke atyaMta sundara citrasaMyukta hai jisakI citra zailI dakSiNa bhAratIya kalA se prabhAvita hai| kaI sthAnoM meM kUTe kI bar3I-bar3I koThiyoM meM grantha rakhe jAte the| tAr3apatrIya citra yadyapi sacitra tAr3apatrIya grantha svalpa milate haiM para ve bar3e mUlyavAna haiN| prAcIna jJAna bhaNDAroM meM jo bhI sacitra tAr3apatra pAye jAte haiM. ve jaina sAhitya kI amUlya nidhi haiM / dakSiNApatha ke tADapatrIya citroM ke sambandha meM Age likhA jA cukA hai| para uttara bhArata ke tAr3apatra 140 ]

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'zrItAla' ke patroM para citrita likhita hone se ve sundara aura TikAU hote haiN| yoM to dakSiNa bhArata va ur3IlA meM Aja bhI tADapatrIya graMtha likhe jAte haiM, para ve lauha lekhanI se utkINita hote haiM / una para bane citra bhI vaise hI utkIrNita evaM rekhA citra va raMgIna citra bhI milate haiM / jena tAr3apatrIya grantha lekhana citraNa Aja nahIM kiye jAte, ataH jo bhI hai pAMcasau se hajAra varSa prAcIna hai| pola-ahamadAbAda ke zrAvakadharma prakaraNa savRtti kI eka sundara tAr3apatrIya prati ke atyanta sundara citra dekhe jo zAMtinAtha bhagavAna ke caritra ke 12 bhavoM se sambandhita haiM / isameM jAlora meM zrIjinezvara sUri pratiSThita zrI zAMtinAtha jinAlaya nirmAtAoM ke citra vidyamAna haiN| yadyapi kAla doSa se aba vaha jinAlaya to nahIM rahA kintu usake nirzatAoM kI smRtizeSa uparyukta sundara tADapatrIya citroM meM Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| ubhaya kASThapaTTikAoM meM donoM ora cAra laMbI citramAlA hai| ye 83 seM0 mI0 lambI va 6 seM0 mI0 caur3I haiM / munizrI isa citra samRddhi kA adhyayana prastuta karane vAle haiN| hamAre kalAbhavana meM to mAtra eka hI tADapatrIya citra kA namUnA hai / kAgaja ke sacitra grantha--- jesalamera jJAnabhaNDAra ke kalpasUtra kI tADapatrIya prati meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke jIvana-prasaMga ke bIsa citra haiN| dazavakAlika Adi kaI pratiyoM meM hAthI, kamala, zrI. deva Adi ke citra haiM / kramAMka 118 meM mahAvIra svAmI evaM pravacanakartA AcArya mahodaya evaM zrotAoM ke citra haiN| kramAMka 159 meM saM0 1345 ke pAzvanAtha, samavasaraNa, ajitanAtha, zAntinAtha aura jinAlaya ke citra haiN| inameM svarNamaya syAhI bhI prayukta huI hai| kramAMka 186 meM bhI caudahavIM zato ke sarasvatI va zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke ATha sundara citra haiN| kramAGka 206 meM saM0 1295 ke bhagavAna mahAvIra, devI aura AcArya mahArAja ke tIna sundara citra haiM / kramAGka 228 meM saparikara zAntinAtha, naM0 244 meM bha0 neminAtha evaM AcArya mahArAja ke citra haiN| naM0 257 meM do bhujA vAlI khar3I huI sarasvatI va vairoTyA devI kA citra hai / kramAGka 263 meM siddhAyikA, AcArya mahArAja, zrAvakazrAvikA va pUrNakalaza kA citra hai / kramAGka 296 meM khar3I huI sarasvatI kA sundara citra hai| kramAGka 335 meM bha0 pArzvanAtha, AcArya hemacandra, abhayatilakagaNi, jinezvarasari va zAha vimalacaMdra ke citra haiN| caudahavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt prAyaH tADapatrIya granthoM kA lekhana baMda ho gayA aura granthAdi lekhana bar3hayA aura TikAU kAgajoM para hone lgaa| yadyapi lekhana zailI tAr3apatrIya graMthoM kI hI calatI rahI. bImeM chedakara DorA pirone va saMkhyA ke aMka bhI usI zailI ke ekatarapha saMketa lipi meM likhe jAte the, para kAgajoM para vikAsa kA kSetra prazasta ho gyaa| tAr3apatrIya graMthoM meM caur3AI adhika na hone se citrakalA kA adhika vikAsa nahIM ho sakA thA, para kAgaja kA pracalana hone se usa para likhe jAne vAle grantha kramazaH dugune tigune caur3e ho ge| unameM citrakalA kA Azcaryajanaka vikAsa huaa| kevala kalpasUtra aura kAlakAcAryakathA kI sekar3oM hI nahIM balki hajAroM pratiyA~ likhAI gii| zrAvakoM ne svarNAkSarI. raupyAkSarI. gaMgA-jamanI aura sacitra pratiyoM ke likhavAne meM karor3oM rupaye vyaya kie| eka-eka prati meM paccIsa - tIsa se lekara saikar3oM mUlyavAna citra bne| belapattiyoM va hA~siye ke citroM meM gaja paMkti, haMsa paMkti ityAdi vividhatAoM kA bar3A vikAsa huA / svarNa, rajata evaM anya raMgoM kI vividhatA dvArA jainakalA zailI meM Azcarya pATaNa va khaMbhAta ke jJAna bhaNDAroM meM bhI sacitra tADapatrIya grantha hai| zrIjinezvarasUri dvitIya kA sundara citra hamane 45 varSa pUrva prApta kara aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita kiyA thaa| munirAja zrI zIlacandra vijaya ke pAsa zrI vijaya nemisUri jJAna mandira, pAMjarA. [ 141 1 -

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kI haiN| donoM pratiyA~ nAhara jI ke saMgraha meM haiN| hamAre saMgraha meM triSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra ke aMtima patroM meM AcArya zrI jinarAjasUrijI aura sAmane bAjoTa para upAdhyAya jayasAgarajI baiThe hue mAlUma dete haiM / prazasti ke anusAra ye jayasAgaropAdhyAya jI ke 6bhraataa| pAlhA, jhoTA, maMDalika, mAlhA, mahIpati meM se cAra haiN| dUsare kakSa meM sAdhviyoM ke samakSa inakI dharmapatniyA~ bhI haiN| ye AtIrtha sthita kharataravasahI ke nirmAtA darar3A gotrIya zrAvaka the / ye citra haridrAraMga kI pRSThabhUmi meM citrita haiN| janaka nikhAra AyA jisase usake samakSa sAre citra zrIhIna-phIke par3a ge| devasApAr3e ke suprasiddha kalpasUtra ke eka-eka panne kA mUlya Aja dasa-dasa hajAra se kama nahIM AMkA jaataa| isake citra itane samRddha haiM ki samUcA pannA citroM se paripUrNa hai| grantha ke to mAtra eka do prata hI likhe gaye haiM / isake hA~siye meM saMgIta, nRtya Adi ke vividha dRzya bhI bar3e AkarSaka aura sundara DhaMga se citrita kiye gae haiN| ahamadAbAda ke kharataragacchIya bhaNDAra ke solahavIM zatI ke kalpasUtra meM 35 citra haiM para dUsarI prati meM bIsavIM zatI ke lagabhaga 65 sunahare citra bane huye haiN| kSamAkalyANajI ke bhaNDAra bIkAnera ke citroM kI kalA zailI bIkAnerI kalama se saMbaMdhita hai / zrI pUraNacanda jI nAhara, kalakattA ke saMgraha meM kalpasUtra kI kaI pratiyA~ haiM jinameM saM01511 kI likhita meM 46 citra. solahavIM zatI kI likhita meM 43 citra, satrahavIM zatI ke kalpasUtra meM apUrNa citra, eka rajata citramaya tathA eka unnIsavIM zatI kI prati meM 34 sundara sunahare citra rAjapUta kalama ke haiN| saM0 1553 ke patra 113 meM sandehaviSauSadhi TIkA saha 71 citra sunahare haiM / saM01845 ke likhe kalpasUtra meM 33 citra haiN| kAlikAcArya kathA kI kaI sacitra pratiyA~ nAharajI ke saMgraha va hamAre saMgraha meM evaM vibhinna jJAnabhaNDAroM meM pracara parimANa meM pAyI jAtI haiM / nAhara jI ke saMgraha kI svargAkSaroM 9 patra kI prati meM 6 citra aura borDara meM vibhinna velapattiyA~, sAdha-sAdhvI, striyA~ aura mastaka para bhAra Dhote hue habazI logoM ke bhI sundara citra haiN| inake atirikta uttarAdhyayana sUtra,jJAtA sUtra, supArzvanAtha caritra Adi granthoM meM bhI apabhraMza zailI ke sundara citra kiye hue milate haiN| yaha jainoM kI viziSTa zailI thI jaba ki isa zailI meM citrita bAlagopAla stuti va vAtsyAyana zAstra kI bhI pratiyA~ kvacit dRSTigocara hotI haiN| zrI sArAbhAI maNilAla navAba Adi ne jaina citroM ko prakAza meM lAne kA stutya prayAsa kiyA hai para sarvAMgINa zodha hone kI aba bhI AvazyakatA hai| solahavIM zatI meM yaha apabhraza citra zailI apanI unnati ke zikhara para thii| jaunapura bhI mugalakAla taka jainoM kA kendra thA / vahA~ kI zailI ke kalpasUtra di prasiddha haiM / satarahavIM zatAbdI kI citrakalA zailI meM eka nayA mor3a AyA. isa meM anyAnya dhArAeM Akara milI aura parampararAgata lekhaka-citrakAroM ke atirikta anyAnya kalAkAra bhI A mile / saM01613 meM jaba caturtha dAdA yuga pradhAna zrI jinacandrasUrijI ne kriyoddhAra dvArA tIna sau meM se 16 yatijanoM ko svIkAra kara avaziSTa sabhI ko gRhastha-matheraNa-mahAtmA banA diyA thaa| bIkAnera ke maMtrI saMgrAmasiMhajI 1cchAvata kI isameM viziSTa bhUmikA thI / ve loga java gRhastha ho gae to AjIvikA kA sAdhana juTAnA anivArya thA ataH unheM paThana-pAThana adhyApana, lekhana tathA citrakArI kA kAma sauMpA gyaa| isake jinabhadra yuga kI parigraha parimANa vidhi saM0 1501 kI svAkSaroM meM tIna citra haiM / AcArya mahArAja kI vyAkhyAna sabhA evaM naMdi racanA ke samakSa vrata grahaNa aura vAsakSepa lete hue sundara citra haiM / isI prakAra yogavidhi kI pa0 102 kI prati meM AcArya mahArAja zrI jinabhadra sUri va jayasAgaropAdhyAya ke citra haiM / yaha saM0 1486 142]

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vAhana kI kalama dvArA citrita haiN| aThArahavIM-unnIsavIM zatAbdI meM matheraNoM dvArA citrita pratiyA~ paryApta parimANa meM upalabdha hai| jaina yati-sAdhuoM meM zAstralekhana kI prathA to thI hii| usI ke saMdarbha meM bhaugolika Adi viSayoM ke pratipAdana hetu saMgrahaNI, kSetrasamAsa jaisI kalApUrNa pratiyoM kI bar3I-bar3I pratiyA~ bhI paryApta parimANa meM likhI gii| bAda jaina granthoM kA adhikAMza lekhana-citraga ve hI karane lge| ye loga jaina granthoM ke citra, cauvIsiyA~, bhitticitra evaM lakSmI, gaNeza Adi vividha prakAra se lokika citra bhI nirmANa karane lage jisase inakI citra zailI meM loka kalA zailI kA unmeSa ho gyaa| usI matheraga zailI meM jaina granyAdika lekhana-citraNa hone lagA / mugala kalA ke prabhAva se veza-bhUSA evaM zailI meM AmUla parivartana A gayA / apabhraza zailI lupta hokara mizrita zailI kA vikasita rUpa rAjasthAna kI vividha zailI rAjapUta kalama, ustA kalama, Adi meM kSetrIya parivartana ke sAtha pracalita ho gii| zrI nAharajI ke saMgraha ke isa kAla ke kalpasUtrAdi ke citroM meM yaha prabhAva suspaSTa parilakSita hotA hai| zAhI darabAra meM rahane vAle jahAMgIra ke citrakAra ustA zAlivAhana jaise kalAkAroM se bhI samRddhi zAlI jana zrAvakoM ne citra nirmANa karAye / vAbU bahAdurasiMhajI siMghI. kalakattA ke saMgraha kI zAlibhadra caupaI kI mUlyavAna prati usI ke dvArA citrita hai| isa prati meM jinarAjasUri, jinaraMgasUri, lAvaNyakIrti muni evaM citra karAne vAle nAgar3a gotrIya sA0 bhAramalla va rAjapAla ke saM0 1681 meM citrita 7 citra hamane jinarAjasUri kRti kusumAMjali meM prakAzita kiye haiN| saM0 1852 kI prati ke jinarAjasUri jinaraMgasUri ke citra ko hamane aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha meM diyA thaa| zAlivAhana ne na kevala jaina kathAvastu ko citrita kiyA thA para usake citrita kiyA huA zrI vijayasenasUrijI ko AgarA saMgha dvArA diyA huA vijJaptipatra bhI apane Apa meM kalA aura itihAsa kI eka mahattvapUrNa vastu hai| rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI kA pracAra adhika hone se rAsa, caupaI, cauDhAliyA, caubIsI Adi kI racanAeM bhI pracura parimANa meM huI / ina racanAo meM sarvazreSTha va bahu pracalita kRtiyoM kI adhikAdhika aura sacitra pratiyA~ bhI likhAI jAne lgii| uparyukta zAlibhadra cau0 kA pracAra huaa| usakI uparyukta zAlivAhana citrita prati ke pazcAt anekoM pratiyA~ pAI jAtI haiN| kalakattA ke zrI pUraNacaMdra jI nAhara ke saMgraha meM matheraNa rAmakRSNa dvArA saM 1826 meM citrita prati hai jise bIkAnera meM citrita kI thii| isI rAmakRSNa ke putra matheraNa jayakizana dvArA saM 1825 meM citrita 47 citroM vAlI prati hamAre saMgraha meM hai / bIkAnera ke vRhat jJAna bhaMDAra, zrIpUjyajI ke saMgraha, mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara jI ke saMgraha meM bhI isakI ullekhanIya sundara prati hai| aMjanA saMdarI caupAI 43 citroM vAlI saM 1689 sAcaura meM racita prati nAhara jI ke saMgraha meM hai jise bIkAnera meM matheraNa abherAma ne citrita kiye thaa| zrI jinarAjasUri caubIsI ke atirikta nAhara jI ke saMgraha meM sudarzana caupAI (41 sundara citra ), zAlibhadra cau0 ke 13 citra pUre pRSTha ke, siMhalasutatriyamelaka rAsa kI 29 citroM vAlI matheraNa sUratarAma citrita prati. mAnatuMgamAnavatI cau0 kI 28 citroM vAlI saM 1847 kI matheraNa jayakizana citrita prati samyaktvavicAra-navatatva bAlA0 kI prati meM pahale bha0 mahAvIra kA citra va bIca meM va hA~siye meM vividha sundara citra hai, jo saM0 1712 paTanA meM jinamANikyasarI isI zAlivAhana citrakAra ke dvArA citrita madanakanAra zre0 ca0 kI eka prati saM0 1667 meM dayAsamudra racita ahamadAbAda ke vijaya nemisUri jJAna bhaNDAra meM hai / yadyapi isa mahattvapUrNa ajJAta prati meM nAma va tithi nahIM hai kintu umAkAnta premAnanda zAha ke anusAra yaha zAli [ 143

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paramparA ke paM0 mahimodaya dvArA likhita hai| gautama rAsa kI prati meM 12 padmAsana va 1 khaGgAsana citra kI prati hai / draupadI caupaI kI prati ke 19 veM patra meM subhUma udyAna kA sundara citra hai / candralehA caupAI meM 26 suMdara citra haiM / mRgAilekhA caupAI kI prati meM 55 citra saM0 1774 ke haiM / saMghayaNI kI prati meM bhI 1869 meM citrita pacAsoM sundara citra haiN| caMdana malayAgiri caupAI kI bhI kaI sacitra pratiyA~ milatI haiN| eka guTakAkAra prati hamAre saMgraha meM bhI hai| caMda rAjA ke rAsa kI sacitra pratiyAM bhI milatI hai| bIkAnera meM haMsarAja vaccharAja cau0 kI do pratiyAM evaM mRgAMva lekhA cau0 kI eka prati evaM vikramAditya khAparA cora cau0 kI eka prati matheraNa AsArAma citrita vaidarbhI caupAI kI saM0 1846 kI eka prati matheraNa jayakizana citrita pratiyA~ pIpAr3a ke zrIjayamala jJAnabhaMDAra meM haiN| vahA~ aura bhI kaI citrita paTa evaM saMgrahaNI sUtra kI sacitra pratiyA~, caMdralehA cau0 kI saM 1833 kI sacitra pratiyA~ hai| bIkAnera ke matheraNa akherAma jogI dAsota ne saM0 1801 meM bIkAnera ke citroM kA vijJapti patra taiyAra kiyA jo zrI jinabhakti sUri ko rAdhanapura bhejA gayA thaa| isa prakAra vibhinna jJAnabhaMDAroM va saMgrahoM maiM madheraNa Adi kalAkAroM dvArA citrita pratiyA~ pracura parimANa meM upalabdha haiM / sacitra vijJapti patra jaina samAja meM gurujanoM ko AmantraNArtha vijJavipatra bhejane kI prAcIna prathA hai| inameM do prakAra the, eka to khaNDakAvya maya gadya-padya alaMkArika citra kAvya yukta aura dUsare nagara ke mAnacitra yukta hamAre saMgraha meM saM0 1604 se 1611 ke bIca kA aisA aitihAsika mahatvapUrNa vijJatipatra hai| sacitra vijJapnipatroM kI vidhA bar3I hI mahatvapUrNa hai| pAMca dasa phuTa se lagA kara sau-sau phuTa laMbe vijJaptipatra upalabdha haiM / zAhI citrakAra zAlivAhana dvArA citrita Agara se zrIvijayasena 988] sUrijI ko preSita vijJaptipatra kA ullekha Upara kiyA jA cukA hai / hamAre saMgraha meM udayapura kA Der3ha sau varSa prAcIna vijJa te patra 72 phuTa laMbA hai jisameM vahA~ ke sabhI aitihAsika sthAna evaM rANAjo, unake mahala, pIcholA tAlAba, zrIpUjyajI va rANAjI kI savArI, kApa sAhaba Adi ke sundara vizad citra haiN| bIkAnera ke bar3e upAzraya meM 108 phUTa laMvA vijJaptipatra bIkAnera citrakalA kA apratima udAharaNa hai jisameM vahA~ ke bhANDAsara jI cintAmaNijI Adi mandira va var3A upAzraya Adi ke hUbahU sundara citra lagabhaga 150 varSa prAcIna hai| isI prakAra jayapura, jodhapura, mer3atA, sIrohI lakhanaU jaisalamera Adi nagaroM ke vIsoM mahatvapUrNa sacitra vijJapti - patra haiN| DA0 hIrAnanda zAstrI ke sampAdita eka grantha meM usakA sacitra prakAzana huA hai / ava bhI bIsoM vijJapti patra aprakAzita upalabdha haiN| ye saba TippaNakAkAra ( Scroll ) milate haiN| jainetara zailI ke bhI kvacit upAdAna upalabdha haiN| hamAre saMgraha meM eka vaiSNava zailI kA hai va badrInArAyaNa yAtrA kA ullekha Upara AyA hI hai| paTanA ke zrI rAdhAkRSNa jI jAlAna ke saMgraha meM aisI hI bauddha kathA vastu kA citrita TippaNaka dekhA thA / kalakattA ke AzutoSa myUjiyama jodhapura myUjiyamapUraNacaMda jI nAhara ke saMgraha meM kalakattA kI nitya vinaya maNijIvana jaina lAyabrerI meM aise jaina vijJapti patra saMgrahIta hai| isI lAyabrerI meM rAjavallabha zilpa zAstra ke nakzoM sahita laMbA TippaNaka hai / uparyukta bIkAnera vijJapnipatra bhANDAsara jI ke mandira ke gumbaja meM bhI citrita bhitticitra ke rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| tIrthAdi ke vizAla citra jayapura ke tahabIladAroM ke rAste meM rahane vAle gaNeza musavvara citrakAra ke banAye hue citrakalA sauSThava kI dRSTi se bar3e hI mUlyavAna aura saMkhyA meM bhI pracura

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pAye jAte haiN| vaha saM0 1925 se 1937 taka to nizcita rUpa se kalakattA meM rahA aura usase bar3e / paMcAyatI maMdira meM jauharI ridhulAlajI phophaliyA ke putra zikharacaMda jI tIrthoM ke bar3e-bar3e mUlyavAna citra bnvaaye| zatrujaya. giranAra, aSTApada, tAraMgA. kezariyAjI, pAvApurI, sammetazikhara, rAjagRha, campApuro, gaur3IpArzvanAtha, rANakapura, hastinApura, mahAvIra samavasaraNa, neminAtha bArAta. munisuvratasvAmI Adi ke nayanAbhirAma citra sabhAmaNDapa meM lage huye haiN| isI arase meM rAya badrIdAsa kArita zItalanAtha jinAlaya meM bhI 60470 iMca laMve lagabhaga 30-35 citra nirmANa kiye jinameM zrI.pAla caritra, solaha satI, tIrthaMkara caritra, dAdA guruoM ke caritra, kAttika mahotsavajI kI savArI Adi bhAvoM vAle atyanta sundara aura prekSaNIya haiM aura jana citra zailI kI amUlya nidhi haiN| jiyAgaMja ke vimalanAtha jinAlaya meM dAdAsAhaba ke caritra se sambandhita sundara aura vizala citra lage hue haiM / prAcIna haiM / ina para aSTamaMgaloka, caudaha svapna, trizalA mAtA. dazANabhadra kA prabhu vandanArtha gamana, ilAputra kI naTa vidyA. neminAtha bhagavAna kI barAta, tIrthaMkaroM ke samavasaraNa, hAthI. siMha, sarasvatI Adi vibhinna prakAra ke sundara citra citrita haiM / inameM svarNAbha raMga kA bhI prayoga hotA thA / hamAre saMgraha meM jahAMgIrakAlIna veza-bhUSA kA eka mahattvapUrNa pUThA hai evaM camar3e ke hAthI lage hue citra ko paTar3I haiM / eka pUThe para hAthI dA~ta kI cIpiyA~ lagI huI haiM / gaTTajI Adi-pItala, kASTha, cAMdI ke DhakkanadAra gola Divve ko gaTTAjI kahate haiN| inameM tIrthakara pArzva: nAtha, navapadajI. bIsa sthAnakajI, caubIsI Adi ke sundara kalApUrNa citra mar3he rahate haiM / ina citroM para sone ke varka kA manautI kAma va sacce motI ke hAra Adi cipakAye rahate haiN| inameM lAla, nIlA, harA, zveta, svarNAbha, pIta Adi sabhI raMgoM kA prayoga huA hai| pItala ke kivAr3IdAra devAlayoM meM bhI citra mar3he huye pAye jAte haiN| pUThe-paTar3I jisa prakAra tADapatrIya granthoM ke liye kASThaphalaka hote the usI prakAra kAgaja ke granthoM ke liye pRThe. paTaDI-phATiye Adi gatte kUTe-kAgaja ko cipakA kara majabUta kie hue huaA karate haiM / raddI kAgajoM ko cipakA kara banAye hue eka pUThe ke khula jAne para hamane lagabhaga 800 varSa pUrva kA zrI jinapatisUrijI ke samaya kA pAlanapura kA sAdhvImaNDala kA patra prApta kiyA thaa| ina puThoM para makhamala. sATaNa, jarI, kImakhAba Adi vastra mar3he hue tathA jarI, kalAbattU . kAracovo aura rezama dvArA aSTamaGgala, caudaha svapna, tIrthakara mAtA, indrAdi deva banAye jAte rahe haiM / kaI pUThoM para kAMca para kiye citra bhI mar3he huye milate haiM / inake atirikta pUThe para vAniza karake jo citra banAye hue milate haiM ve lagabhaga do sau se cAra sau varSa jitane caubIsI va anAnupUrvI-Ajakala jisa prakAra mudrita caubIsiyA~ AtI haiM usI prakAra Age hAtha ke citroM vAlI pracA parimANa meM banAyI jAtI thii| kaI cauvIsiyA~ sAdhAraNa, kaI madhyama aura kaI asAdhAraNa kalA-sauSThava yukta citrita hotI thii| hamAre saMgraha kI do eka caubIsiyA~ atyanta sundara aura kalApUrNa haiN| inameM jinAlaya kA pUrA citra, prAkRtika dRzya va indra-indrANI Adi dikhAye gae haiN| tIrthaMkaroM ke varNa va lAMchana ke anusAra caubIsa jina citra nirmANa hote haiN| unameM dAdAsAhaba kI caraNa/mUtti, gautama svAmI Adi ke citra, padmAvatI, bhairava Adi svecchAnusAra vanavAkara taiyAra hone lge| jinAlayoM va jinezvaroM va paMca kalyANaka ke svatantra citra bhI pAye jAte haiN| bhAvacitra-zAstra vihita aupadezika bhAvoM ke citra [ 145

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nirmANa kI prathA prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI hai| purAne jJAnabhaNDAroM meM madhuvindu, chaH lezyA, jJAnabAjI (caupar3a), lokanAla, meruparvata, janmAbhiSeka, jambUvRkSa-zAlmalI vRkSAdi para jina pratimAe~ aura zrAvakoM dvArA darzana-pUjanayukta tathA snAtrapUjAdi kI bhAva citrAvalI dillo Adi aneka sthAnoM ke mandiroM meM mar3hI huI va anya bhI aneka vidhAeM saMprApta haiN| bhAraNDa pakSI, AkAza puSpa, eka mastaka aneka deha Adi kI itanI citra sAmagrI prApta hai jise pUrNa rUpa se vyakta karanA kaThina hai / saMgrahaNI meM jisa prakAra svarga naraka Adi ke citra haiM vaise svatantra rUpa meM bhI citra banAye gae / nArakI ke citra jinameM paramAdhAmI deva vividha prakAra se kaSTa dete haiM aura kisa karma ke pariNAma meM kyA-kyA vipAka udaya meM AyA isake ubhaya pakSa ke citra bhI jaina citrakalA meM pracuratA se pAye jAte haiN| hamAre saMgraha meM, pIpAr3a ke jayamalajI bhaMDAra va bIkAnera kI seThiyA lAyabrarI va jayapura ke vinayacaMda jJAnabhaMDAra meM haiN| pIpAr3a kA jJAnabhaMDAra kalA kI dRSTi se samRddha hai jisakA ullekha Age kiyA gayA hai / sthAnakavAsiyoM meM se do sau varSa pUrva terApaMthI nikale unameM yati paramparAgata calI AI citrakalA pracalita thI / yadyapi ve bhI mUtti ko amAnya rakhate the, phira bhI citrakalA ke kSetra meM pazcAtUpada nahIM the| naraka-svarga Adi ke paramparAgata lokacitroM ke mAdhyama se ve janatA ko duSkRtyoM se bacane kA upadeza dete rahe haiN| pUjya jayAcArya ke pazcAt mAdhavAgaNi aura DAlagaNi ke samaya meM citrakalA kucha unnata huI aura bhAvacitroM kI kaI vidhAeM nirmita huI / eka kAgaja ke madhya meM bane huye citra para kinAroM ko mor3a kara usa para bane citroM se vividha AkR. tiyA~ ubhArI jAtI haiM aura AtmA ke vibhinna yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa/rUpadhAraNa kI bAteM batAyI jAtI hai| eka bar3e murge ke antargata kaI rUpa ho jAne kI dUsarI vidhA bhI cala nikalI / bhAva citroM meM madhubindu va SaTa-lezyA to the hI aura naye unmeSa huye / kamala bhramara ke citra meM rasalubdha bhramara kA sUryAsta ke samaya kamala meM banda ho jAne ke bhAva citra bane / ghar3e ke paide meM tala bhagna, madhya bhagna va galabe se bhagna ke mAdhyama se zrotAoM kI tIna zreNiyA~ batAI gii| hare va sUkhe vRkSa meM sUkhe vRkSa ke pakSI use tyAgakara hare vRkSa para jA kara nivAsa karane lge| kavIra kI ukti prasiddha hai aitihAsika vyakti citra-jisaprakAra tADapatrIya graMthoM, kASThaphalakoM Adi meM jainAcAryoM va zrAvakoM ke mUlyavAna citra saMprApta haiM yataH hemacandrAcArya, vAdi devasUri, jinavallabhasUri, jinadattamUri, jinezvarasUri, abhayatilaka, kumArapAla, yAdava kumArapAla. vimalacanda zrAvaka Adi usI prakAra kAgaja ke granthoM meM jinabhadrasUri, jayasAgaropA. dhyAya, jinarAjasUri prathama va dvitIya, jinaraMgasUri Adi, AcAryoM ke citra upalabdha haiM / aitihAsika vyaktiyoM ke svatantra citra bhI pAe jAte haiN| yataH muniyoM meM jinabhaktisara, jinasukhasUri, jinalAbhasUri, jinacandrasUri. jinaharSasUri, jinasaubhAgyasUri, jinamahendrasUri, jinamuktisUri Adi, AcAryoM meM kSamAkalyANopAdhyAya, jJAnasAra, jayakIrti Adi, zrAvakoM meM zAMtidAsa seTha, karmacandramaMtrI, amaracaMda surANA, bhAnAjI bhaNDArI, motIzAha seTha Adi / hare gAcha para paMchI baiThA letA nAma harI / jhar3a gaye patte ur3a gae paMchI ye hI rIta burI / / aba mohe jAna par3I / lauMkAgaccha meM se sthAnakavAsI paramparA lagabhaga tIna sau varSa pUrva nikalI / jisake banavAye huye citra meM sAdhuoM ke mukhavastrikA baMdhI huI hai| aise citra kucha bhAva citroM meM uttarAdhyayana Adi ke zAstrIya bhAvoM kA vyaktikaraNa huA / terApaMtha meM gata sau varSoM meM vyakti citra bhI banane lge| mAdhavAgaNi-DAlagaNi ke saMyukta aura svatantra citroM kI upalabdhi isake sAkSya 146]

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haiN| bhAva citroM ke kalAkAra muni kundanamalajI aura muni dulIcandajI kA nAma pradhAnatA se liyA jAtA hai binA raMga pIchI ke mAtra kartarikA dvArA kAgaja ko kATakara vividha citra banAne kI prAcIna prathA hai| jJAnabhaNDAroM evaM hamAre saMgraha meM bhI usake udAharaNa vidyamAna haiN| vartamAna meM isa kArya meM niSNAta rAmaprasAda jar3iyA aura unake ziSyoM meM isa paddhati kI saMracanA prApta hai / jaina citrakalA meM pahale zatAvadhAnI paM0 dhIrajalAla zAha ne bhI paryApta kArya kiyaa| murzidAbAda ke hIrAcaMdajI dUgar3a aura unake suputra indra dUgar3a bhArata vikhyAt citrakAra haiN| kalakattA ke bar3e mandira meM inake dvArA AdinAtha jIvanI samavataraNa va dAdAvAr3I meM dAdA sAhaba kI jIvanI kA citra lagA hai| gokuladAsa kApar3iyA ne bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvanI citrAvalI rUpa meM prastuta kara bar3A hI prazaMsanIya kArya kiyA hai| jasavaMtasiMha botharA. javaracanda dasANI aura gaNezajI lalavAnI Adi ne bhI citrakalA meM prazaMsanIya yogadAna diyA hai / AzA hai prAcIna aura navIna citrakalA ke kSetra meM naye cehare Akara jaina citrakalA ko unnati ke zikhara para ArUr3ha kareMge / zrI kezariyA jI tIrtha - citrakAra gaNeza musavvara [ 147

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brAhmI. kharoSThI, puSkarasArI, aMga-lipi, baMga-lipi, magadha-lipi, mAMgalya-lipi, manuSya-lipi, aMgulIya lipi, zakAri-lipi, brahmavallI lipi, dravir3a-lipi, kanAri-lipi, dakSiNa * lipi, ugra - lipi, saMkhyA-lipi, anumolalipi, Urdhvadhanulipi, darada - lipi, khAsya - lipi, . cIna-lipi, hUNa-lipi, madhyAkSara-vistara-lipi, puSpa-lipi, deva-lipi, nAga-lipi, yakSa-lipi, gandharva-lipi,kinnara-lipi, mahoraga-lipi, asura-lipi, garur3a-lipi, mRgacakra-lipi, cakra-lipi, vAyunaka-lipi, bhauma-deva-lipi, aMtarikSa-devalipi, uttarakuru-lipi. aparagaur3Adi-lipi, pUrvavideha-lipi, utkSepa-lipi, nikSepa-lipi. vikSepa-lipi, prakSepa-lipi, sAgara lipi, vajra-lipi, lekha-pratilekha-lipi, anudrata lipi, zAstrAvarta-lipi. gaNAvarta-lipi, utkSepAvarta-lipi, vikSepAvarta-lipi, pAdalikhita-lipi. dvikattara-pada sandhilikhitalipi, dazottarapada sandhilikhita-lipi, adhyAhAriNI-lipi, sarvarutsaMgrahaNI-lipi, vidhAnuloma-lipi, vimizrita-lipi, RSitapastapta-lipi, dharaNIprekSaNA-lipi, sarvoSadhaniSyaMdalipi, sarvasArasaMgrahaNI-lipi aura srvbhuutrudgrhnnii-lipi| sAMketika mahArASTrI lipi kA eka grantha bhAratIya bhASAoM meM vividhatA hone para bhI jisa prakAra prAkRta aura saMskRta ko pradhAnatA dI jAtI hai, usI prakAra bhAratIya lipiyoM meM anekatA hone para bhI pradhAnatA brAhmI lipi ko aura usake bAda kharoSThI ko dI jA sakatI hai| prAcIna abhilekha unhIM ubhaya lipiyoM meM prApta haiM, jinameM brAhmIlekhoM kA bAhulya hai / 'paNNavaNAsutta' Adi jainAgamoM meM Arya kI paribhASA batalAte hue brAhmI lipi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isase isakI pratiSThA kA vizeSa rUpa se patA calatA hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne brAhmI Adi samasta bhAratIya lipiyoM ko semeTika lipi se utpanna huI batAne kI ceSTA kI thI, para etadviSayaka adhikArI vidvAn svargIya DA0 gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA ne apanI bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA meM pramANita kara diyA hai ki bhAratIya lipiyA~ atiprAcIna aura svatantra haiM | bauddha grantha 'lalitavistara' meM 64 lipiyoM kI nAmAvalI prastuta karate hue prathama brAhmI aura kharoSTI lipiyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ina 64 lipiyoM kI nAmAvalI isa prakAra hai jainAgamoM ke anusAra prathama tIrthakara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne isa avasarpiNI kAla meM sAre loka vyavahAra kA pracalana kiyaa| isase pUrva ke manuSya yugalika the, unakI AvazyakatAeM bahuta sImita thIM evaM unheM Avazyaka vastuoM kA abhAva nahIM thaa| kramazaH AvazyakatAeM bar3hane lagI aura vastuoM kI kamI hone lagI. ataeva bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne yugAnukUla pravRttiyoM kI zikSA dI. jisameM lipivijJAna bhI sammilita hai| unhoMne apanI putrI brAhmI ko 18 lipiyA~ sikhAyI thIM, jinameM pradhAna lipi kA nAmakaraNa usI ke nAma se 'brAhmI' kiyA / yaha lipi dAhinI ora se likhI jAtI hai| 'Avazyakaniyukti-bhASya' gAthA 13 meM "lehaM livivihANaM jiNeNa baMbhIi dAhiNakareNaM" zabdoM dvArA yahI sUcita kiyA hai| paMcamAMga 'bhagavatI sUtra' ke prAraMbha meM bhI "namo baMbhIe 148]

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livIe" zabdoM dvArA brAhmI lipi ko namaskAra karake usakA mahattva pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| ___ 'samavAyAMga sUtra' ke 18 veM samavAya meM 18 prakAra kI lipiyoM kA evaM 46 veM samavAya meM brAhmI lipi ke 46 mAtRkAkSara * hone kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| 18 lipiyoM ko nAmAvalI isa prakAra hai vaMbhIeNaM livIe aTThArasavihe lekha vihANe pannate taMjahA-bhI javaNANiyA, dosAuriyA, kharoTTiyA, pukkharasAriyA, pahArAiyA. usasariyA, akkharapuTTiyA, bhogavayantI, veNatiyA, NiNhaiyA, aMkalivIgaNiyalibI. gaMdhavvalivI, bhUyalivI, AdaMsalivI, mahesarI livI, dAmilI livI, puliMdI livii| gayA hai | jisakA artha jayamaMgalA TIkA meM-"yat sAdhuzabdopanibaddhamapyarakSavyatyAsAdaspaSTArthaH tad mlecchitaM gUr3havastumantrArtham" likhA hai| arthAt. 'mlecchita vaha hai jo zuddha zabda-racanA vAlA hote hue bhI akSaroM ke heraphera se likhane-bolane meM aspaSTa artha vAlA ho; isakA upayoga gupta vAta aura maMtrAdi ke lie hotA hai| ___ 'kAmasUtra' meM kauTilIya (cANakyI ) aura mUladevI kA svarUpa isa prakAra likhA hai dAdeH kSAntasya kAdezva, svarayohra sva-dIrghayoH / bindUSmaNoviparyAsAd durbodhamiti saMjJitam / / akau khagau ghaDau caiva, caTau tapau yazau tathA / ete vyastAH sthirA zeSAH mUladevIyamucyate / / -adhi0 1 adhyA03 sUtra 16 arthAta-'ka' se 'tha' taka aura da' se 'kSa' taka ke vyaMjana, hrasva aura dIrgha svara, anusvAra aura visarga ko ulaTa kara likhane se kauTilIya (cANakyI) lipi banatI hai| mUladevI lipi meM 'a' ko 'ka', 'kha' ko 'ga', 'gha' / ko 'Ga', 'ca cha ja jha Ja' ko 'Ta, Tha, Da, Dha, Na' se 'ta tha dadhana ko 'pa pha ba bha ma' se tathA 'ya ra la va' ko 'zaSa saha' se badalanA hotA hai| pannavaNAsutta' meM ina lipiyoM ke nAmoM meM kucha bhinnatA pAyI jAtI hai| "uccatariyA ke sthAna para 'aMtakkhariyA', 'uyaMtarikkhiyA' aura 'uyaMtarakariyA' tathA 'AdaMsalivI' ke sthAna meM 'AyAsalivI' milatA hai| / _ 'vizeSAvazyaka bhASya' meM, jo ki jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa dvArA sAtavIM zatI meM racA gayA hai, lipiyoM kI saMkhyA 18 batAne para bhI unake nAma uparyukta nAmoM se sarvathA bhinna pAye jAte haiM __ haMsa livIra bhUa livIra jakkhI3 taha rakkhasIya4 zedhaghara uDDI5 javaNI turakko kIrIpadavir3I9 ya siMdhaviyA10 mAlaviNi11 naDi12 nAgari13 lADalivi14 pAratIya15 vodhavvA tahaa nimittIya16 cANakkI17 muuldeviiy18| uparyukta nAmAvalI meM adhikAMza prAntIya lipiyoM ke nAmoM ke sAtha-sAtha anta ke do nAma sAMketika lipiyoM ke bhI pratIta hote haiM / vAtsyAyana ke 'kAmasUtra' meM inheM saMketa-lipi batAte hue "mlecchitavikalpAH " kahA muni zrI puNyavijayajI ke pAsa saM0 1663 meM likhita eka lipi-patraka hai jisameM mUladevI, sahadevI. aMkapallavI, zUnyapallavI. rekhApallavI. auSadha lipi aura dAtAsI lipi-ina sAMketika lipiyoM kA vivaraNa hai| isI prakAra sArAbhAI maNilAla navAba ke pAsa saM0 1897 ke likhita patra meM sahadevI aura dAtAsI lipi ke udAharaNa likhe hue haiN| inake lie muni puNyavijaya jI kA bhAratIya zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhanakalA' pRSTha 7 se 9 dekhanA cAhie / * mUla meM ve akSara kauna se haiM, yaha nahIM kahA gayA, para TIkAkAra ke anusAra ve a se kSa taka (RR lu la tra jJa aura La, ke atirikta ) haiM / [149

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hamAre saMgraha meM bhI 18 vIM zatI ke tIna lipipatraka haiM jinameM do patroM kI lipi meM sAMketika varNamAlA aura padya haiM. para lipi kA nAmollekha nahIM hai| tIsare patra meM baMgAladezI, tilaMgI, karNATI aura eka ajJAta lipi kI varNamAlA hai| nAmollekha vAlI lipiyA~ bhI una dezoM kI pracalita lipiyoM se sarvathA bhinna haiM, ataH sAMketika lipi hI mAlUma detI haiN| vargoM kI bhA~ti aMkoM ke sAMke taka cihna bhI tADapatrIya granthoM ke patrAMka rUpa meM, evaM anya graMthoM meM bhI pAye jAte haiN| aMgrejI zAsana ke samaya taka vismRta lipiyoM kI varNamAlA koI bhI taiyAra nahIM kara sakA / pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ko ina bhAratIya prAcIna lipiyoM ne vismaya meM DAla diyaa| unhoMne bhAratIya vidvAnoM ke sAhAyya se kaI varSoM taka nirantara zrama karake una ulajhI huI gutthiyoM ko sulajhA kara chodd'aa| isa sambandha meM mAnyavara gaurIzaMkara hI0 ojhA, zrI bhagavAnalAla indrajI, zrI kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla Adi vidvAnoM ke prayatna vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| ojhAjI kI bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA' hindI sAhitya meM apane DhaMga kA eka alaga hI grantha hai| sAMketika lipiyoM kA AviSkAra apane bhAvoM ko gupta yA sImita varga meM rakhane hetu hI huA thaa| Aja bhI maMtra-taMtra Adi sAMketika lipiyoM meM likhe jAte haiN| osavAla Adi jAtiyoM ke vaMzAvalI lekhaka bhAToM ne bhI apanI sAMketika lipi banA rakhI hai. jisase una bahiyoM ko unake atirikta yajamAnAdi par3hane meM asamartha rahate haiN| lipi ke atirikta bolacAla aura vyavahAra meM vyApArI varga evaM svarNakArAdi jAtiyoM ne sAMketika zabda banA rakhe haiM, jisase pAsa meM baiThA dUsarA vyakti rahasya bhI na samajha sake aura unakA kAma bhI calatA rhe| madhyakAla meM prAcIna lipiyoM ke jJAna ke abhAva meM kitane hI prAcIna zilAlekha aura grantha astavyasta hokara naSTa ho gye| kucha gar3e dhana kI tAlikA, maMtra, yaMtra, svarNasiddhi Adi andha paramparA ke poraka bane / musalamAnI sAmrAjya ke samaya dillI meM lAye hue lauha-stambha kI prAcIna lipi usa samaya koI bhI par3ha nahIM sakA thaa| saM0 1662 meM jodhapura rAjya ke ghaMghANI sthAna meM katipaya prAcIna jaina mUrtiyA~ milI thIM jina para mahArAja saMprati, candraguptAdi ke lekha utkIrNa the| ina lekhoM ko kharataragacchIya bhaTTAraka zrI jinarAjasUri ne ambikAdevI ke sAhAyya se par3hA thaa| isakA ullekha 'kharataragacchapaTTAvalI" meM pAyA jAtA hai| abhilekhoM meM utkIrNa evaM graMtha-rUpa meM likhita lipi ke atirikta bhAratavarSa meM kaI aisI lipiyA~ bhI haiM jinake viSaya meM hamArI jAnakArI atyanta hI sImita hai / mahArASTra deza meM mahAnubhAvI nAmaka eka dhArmika sampradAya hai jise gujarAtI cakradhara svAmI ne (saM0 1250 se 1330) sthApita kiyA thaa| inakA gRhasthAvasthA kA nAma haripAla thA / mahAnubhAvI saMpradAya kA thor3e hI samaya meM bahuta pracAra huA aura vaha mahArASTra kI janatA se lekara devagiri ke yAdava-narezoM ke darabAra taka meM sammAnita huA / jajiyA jaise bhayAnaka kara se kucha samaya taka isa sampradAya vAle mukta rahe the / inhoMne zrIkRSNa kI bhakti aura sadAcAra kA acchA pracAra kiyaa| aspRzyatA evaM jAti tathA varNa-vyavasthA ko inhoMne amAnya kiyA / isa sampradAya meM jAti-varNa ke bheda-bhAva binA sabhI vyakti saMnyAsa ke adhikArI the| inakA pracAra itanA bar3hA ki dakSiNa se uttara taka. paMjAba, kAzmIra, kAbula, aphagAnistAna meM bhI inake maTha sthApita ho gaye aura aneka saMnyAsI-saMnyAsine una maThoM meM raha kara dharma-pracAra karane lge| usa samaya vaidika saMskRti ke anuyAyI bar3e kaTTarapaMthI the / ve isa sudhArapriya saMpradAya se ghabar3Aye aura unhoMne isakA joroM se virodha karanA 150 ]

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prAraMbha kara diyA / unhoMne isa saMpradAya ke anuyA. yiyoM para jhUThe doSAropaNa kiye aura unheM nAnA yAtanAyeM dii| virodhI vyaktiyoM se apane siddhAntoM tathA dharma graMthoM ko surakSita rakhane ke liye mahAnubhAviyoM ne kaI sAmpradAyika lipiyoM kA AviSkAra kiyA, jinameM se 25-30 prakAra kI saMketa lipiyoM kA patA cala cukA hai| mahAnubhAvI sAdhuoM ne kAphI sAhitya nirmANa kiyA, phira bhI ina lipiyoM kI anabhijJatA ke kAraNa anya vidvAn kucha varSa pUrva taka usase aparicita hI rahe / kahA jAtA hai ki inake sAhitya para gujarAta ke jainoM kA paryApta prabhAva par3A hai / saM0 1410 ke lagabhaga 'sahyAdri' graMtha ke nirmAtA rAghavopAdhyAya ( urpha ravalo vyAsa ) ne 'sakalasagala lipi kA nirmANa kiyA / saM0 1460 ke lagabhaga kavIzvarI aMka lipi kA gUrjara ziva byAsa ne AviSkAra kiyA thA / inake atirikta sundarI lipi, mAMDalya lipi. vajra lipi, subhadrA lipi. siMha lipi Adi meM likhita grantha bhI prApta haiM / ina meM vajra lipi aura sundarI lipi kA pracalana nyAya byAsa ne saM0 1410 meM kiyA thA / kucha varSa pUrva mahArASTra vidvAnoM ne isake par3hane kA prayatna kiyA aura isake dvArA mahArASTrI sAhitya ko ekAeka bahuta bar3I sAhityika nidhi prApta ho gyii| saMvat kA aMka to spaSTa thA, para anya bAteM kucha ThIka aura kucha beThIka rUpa se par3hI gayI thii| usa samaya vargamAlA banAne kA vicAra bhI kiyA gayA, para usake lie jaisI lagana se prayatna karanA Avazyaka thA. nahIM ho sakA / isake Upara ke veSTana-vastrAdi ko dekhate hue isakI lipi dakSiNI hone kA anumAna kiyA gayA thA / yahI anumAna huA ki mahArASTra Adi ke vidvAnoM se par3hAne kA prayatna kiyA jAnA samIcIna hogaa| gata varSa kAkAjI agaracaMdajI nAhaTA ne ise bambaI, pUnA Adi sthita kaI vidvAnoM ko dikhAyA, para koI bhI ise par3ha nahIM sake / taba mujhe par3hane kA prayatna karane kI preraNA karate hue vaha guTakA unhoMne mere pAsa kalakatte meM , rakha diyA / gata bAlamukunda gupta smRti mahotsava ke prasaMga para upasthita hindI ke kaI vidvAnoM ko yaha grantha dikhAne para hindI sAhitya sammelana ke sabhApati zrI . candrabalI pANDeya ne anta meM yahI sujhAva diyA ki Apa jaba isakA kucha-kucha aMza par3hane meM samartha ho sake haiM to prayatna kiijie| varNamAlA taiyAra karake ise Apa pUrA par3ha leNge| isase utsAhita hokara maiMne ise par3ha DAlane kA nizcaya kiyA aura bIca kA pRSTha kholakara anumAna se par3hanA prAraMbha kara diyA / lipi ke sAtha-sAtha isakI bhASA bhI mere liye aparicita thI. phira bhI antatogatvA isakI eka varNamAlA taiyAra kara lI gaI aura isake AdhAra para isa lipi aura grantha kA kucha paricaya prastuta lekha dvArA karAyA jA rahA hai / kucha varNa hue hastalikhita graMthoM kA saMgraha karate hue hameM eka aisA grantha milA jisakI lipi bar3I vicitra- sI pratIta hotI thii| hamane use par3hane ke liye kaI vidvAnoM kI sahAyatA se prayatna kiyA para saphala na ho sake / isameM kucha akSara to nAgarI lipi se milate-julate the. kucha sarvathA bhinna the| isase bar3I duvidhA hone lgii| silasilevAra par3he binA isake nAmAdi kA patA lagAnA bhI saMbhava na ho skaa| isakI lipi ko kisI vidvAna ne kucha aura kisI ne kucha batAyA / para paryApta parizrama ke binA isakA nirNaya honA saMbhava na thA / tIna varNa hae maine isakI prazasti par3hane kA prayatna kiyaa| yaha guTakA 543 / / iMca kI sAija kA hai aura isakI patra saMkhyA 316 hai kintu patrAMka kahIM bhI diyA haA nahIM hai / graMtha patale sapheda kAgajoM para kAlI syAhI se likhA gayA hai / donoM ora lAla syAhI kI lakIreM dekara hAziyA chor3A huA hai / silAI majabUta hote hue bhI Upara kevala eka patalA, ikaharA, hAtha kI bunI dakSiNI sAr3I ke chIle kA vastra lagA huA hai jo jIrNa [ 151

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zIrNa hokara naSTaprAyaH ho gayA hai| prati ke aMtima 3-4 patra ghisa kara Adhe-Adhe naSTa ho gaye hai / 315 patra donoM ora likhe huye haiM / patrAMka 161. 162 khAlI haiM / patrAMka 64, 79, 80, 164, 240 241 eka tarapha likhe huye haiM prati patra meM 10 se 14 taka paMktiyoM aura prati paMkti meM 16 se 19 taka akSara haiN| aMtima 316 veM patra meM kevala 4 paMktiyA~ haiM / akSara gaNanA se grantha lagabhaga 4000 zloka parimANa kA pratIta hotA hai / " grantha ke puSpikA-lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki zaka saMvat 1535 meM akSaya tRtIyA somavAra ke dina jAMbU gA~va meM isa prati kA likhanA prAraMbha kiyA gayA thA / pUrvakAla meM jAMbU gA~va nAsika nagara kA eka bhAga thA / isa prati ke lekhaka kA nAma AsuTI harIcaMdra hai / harIcaMdra hai / AsuTI' sambhavataH lekhaka kI upAdhi hai| saMketa lipi meM lagabhaga 200 zloka pratidina likha kara 19 dina meM, arthAt miti jyeSTha kRSNA 6 zukravAra ko jAMbU gA~va meM hI lekhana samApta kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha kA nAma pAvA pATha" hai / prastuta prati meM pUrvArddha pAvA pATha' likhA hai. ataH isakA uttarArddha bhI avazya honA cAhie / mahAnubhAvI sampradAya bhakti pradhAna thA, ataH isakA pratipAdya viSaya svabhAvataH pUjA pATha. dAna, brAhmaNa-satkAra upadeza prArthanAdi hai| dIcIca meM prasaMgopAtta kathAoM meM dya tAdi durvyasanoM ke tyAga kA bhI nirdeza hai| bhagavAn zrIkRSNa, padmanAbhi mArkaNDeya, dattAtreya avar3alA mAtA mahArASTra ke mahAn vyakti cAMgadeva, lakhmadeva, bhAIdeva, gopAla, haripAla prabhUti vyaktiyoM tathA gujarAta, dvArAvatI mahArASTra banArasa, sAraMgadhara Adi dezoM ke tIrthoM tathA gomatI, tuMgabhadrAdi nadiyoM ke nAma isa grantha meM sthAna-sthAna para Aye haiM / eka sthala para cAMgadeva kI janma bhUmi rAula kA nAma AyA hai, jo aba bhI mahArASTra meM vidyamAna hai / 152 ] grantha kA prArambha karate samaya "zrI parezAyanamaH nAgarI akSaroM meM likha kara saMketa lipi kA prAraMbha huA hai / samasta grantha, Adi se anta taka, prAcIna mahArASTrI gadya meM likhA gayA hai / bIca-bIca meM ekAdha akSara nAgarI varNamAlA kA bhI de diyA hai| yaha paddhati kabhI-kabhI bhASA se anabhijJa pAThaka ko bhrama meM DAla detI hai| eka se nau taka ke aMkoM meM nAgarI paddhati meM koI parivartana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM padyAMka ko bhA~ti 5-6 paMktiyA~ likha kara aMka de diye gaye haiM va kyoM ke bIca-bIca meM aise akSara A ja.te haiM jinheM abhI taka ThIka-Thoka nahIM par3hA jA sakA / lipi - patraka meM aise akSaroM ko 'aspaSTAkSara' kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| saMyuktAkSaroM meM kucha sAMketika aura kucha nAgarI varNa diye haiM / maiMne una saba kA usI rUpa meM lipi-patraka meM samAveza kara diyA hai / bhAratIya prAcIna sAhitya meM saMketa lipi ke jo varNana milate haiM, unake viSaya meM Upara likhA jA cukA hai / mahAnubhAvI saMpradAya meM bhI 25-30 taraha kI saMketa lipiyA~ thIM / Alocya lipi kA kyA nAma hai. yaha to nahIM kahA jA sakatA; para kina-kina akSaroM meM kaisA parivartana huA hai aura kisa DhaMga se likhA gayA hai, isakA kucha vivaraNa likhA jAtA hai| isa lipi meM nAgarI ke dantya 'sa' 'sA' ko 'a' 'A' mUrdhanya 'Sa' 'bI' ko 'i' 'I' aura 'ha' ko 'u' 'U' mAnA hai| 'e' 'ai' meM kisI prakAra kA parivartana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| 'o' 'auM' 'u' 'U' ke sadRza pratIta hote haiM / kaNThya varNa ka kha ga gha likhA hai| tAlavya varga ko ya ra la va' ke sadRza ca cha ja jha' ko 'pa pha ba bha ke sadRza likhA hai 'cha' kA rUpa 'pU' ke jaisA tathA kahIM-kahIM nAgarI ke 'cha' jaisA hI hai| anunAsika 'Ga' tathA 'Ja' kA koI nizcita rUpa nahIM hai / 'Ja'

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a A i I u U e ai o au mi ...- : sasAghavAha hahAra .. . ka rava ga gha ca cha macha ) Ta Tha Da Dha Na ta pa 2 ghana yara va pabacha4 tayaghaTadDaTaNa pa pha ba bha ma ya ya ra la va za Sa sa ha kSa tra jJa La caja 20garASamanala 31bUMdI - DI (aspaSTAkSara ) kta va navya vR tma zra mha stI kR SNa prana bra sva vaDsapala zrIlapranamdha jyatta vha da cya dhya vyA stra va ya gya gya dRzya bda stha kata kAya SyA trasva graha kA 6 kna kA mRe dhya ptaH ravya tya mi kSmI kazcasva STrAgra tkabaSNa kaskA kataH vyaya mi ubhIca svadhAtyATappa kta tya vya vi bhya dhya ddha SNu va snAtra bra spa (saMyuktAkSara) tI kAkada sNu ghAva spa ke liye lipi-patraka meM '4' ke rUpa kA anumAna kara hai| tAlavya 'za' aura mUrdhanya 'Sa' meM koI parivartana ke praznavAcaka cinha lagA diyA hai| mUrdhanya varNa 'Ta Tha nahIM hai / dUsare sabhI akSara gujarAtI kI taraha khule-mastaka Da Dha Na' ko dantya varNa ta tha da dha na' tathA 'ta tha da haiM. para za Sa' ko aparivartita grahaNa karake mastaka para dhana' ko mUrdhanya 'Ta Tha Da Dha Na' ke rUpa meM parivartita saMketa lakIra bhI rakhI hai| 'Sa' ke khule mastaka vAle rUpa ko yahA~ banA liyA hai / oSThya varNa pa pha ba bha ma' ko tAlavya 'i' kI mAnyatA dI hai| dantya 'sa' ko hindI ke 'ma' 'ca cha ja jha Ja' meM parivartita kiyA hai| 'bha' baMgalA lipi jaisA mAnA hai. aura 'ha' ko 'i' se milatA-julatA rUpa ke 'ha' ke sadRza hai / 'ya' ke do rUpa haiM-eka zUnyAkAra diyA hai| 'kSa' ko 'u' jaisA likhA hai| 'tra' aura 'jJa '0' tathA dUsarA 'ka' / 'ra' ke rUpa meM gujarAtI meM koI khAsa parivartana nahIM hai| 'La' ke 'ga' rUpa meM cale 'kha' yA nAgarI ke 'a' kA nikaTavartI AkAra jAne se 'La' ke lie 'la' rUpa rakhA gayA hai| prayukta huA hai| 'la' 'va' meM ThIka 'ga' 'gha' kA parivartana mAtrAoM ke prayoga meM kevala hrasva ukArAnta ke [ 153

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namUne ke tara para graMtha kI kucha paMktiyA~ nIce uddhRta kI jAtI haiMAdi nIce :: bindI dekara kAma calAyA hai| dUsarI mAtrAoM ke prayoga meM vizeSa parivartana nahIM hai para dIrgha IkAra pAThaka ko bhrama meM avazya DAla detA hai kyoMki mAtrA vizeSa U~cI na le jAkara 'A' kAra kI taraha hI hai. jabaki AkArAnta khule-mastaka kI alaga pAI hai aura IkArAnta vyaJjana se milA huA hai| pUrNavirAmAdi ke lie prata meN| yA / ke cihna haiM kintu sthAna-sthAna para akSara-vAkyoM ke Age-pIcha visarga cinha ':' kA pracuratA se vyavahAra kiyA hai, jo tatkAlIna mahAnubhAvI sampradAya kI anya marAThI saMketa-lipiyoM meM bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai| mahAnubhAvI paMtha kI sAMketika lipiyoM ko mahArASTra ke do-eka vidvAnoM ne par3hane kA prayatna kiyA hai| isameM unheM mahArASTra bhASA kA jJAna bahuta sahAyaka siddha huaa| kisI bhI grantha kI bhASA kA ThIka jJAna ho to lipi ke akSaroM kA anumAna lagAne meM bar3I sahAyatA milatI hai aura turaMta nirNaya para pahuMcA jA sakatA hai / hamane hastalikhita granthoM kI prAcIna lipiyoM kA abhyAsa, una granthoM ke prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI bhASA meM hone se, sugamatA se kara liyA thA, para isa guTake kI lipi kI samasyA usase sarvathA bhinna thii| isa grantha ko par3hane meM do kaThinAiyA~ thIM--eka saMketalipi kI aura dUsarI mahArASTrI bhASA kii| maiM ThaharA donoM viSayoM se anabhijJa, ataH pAThaka merI parezAnI ko svayaM samajha sakate haiN| jisa bhASA ke zabdoM kA bhI jJAna na ho tathA jisakI lipi bhI ajJAta ho, usakA prathama paricaya dene meM azuddhiyoM kA bAhulya avazyambhAvI hai. para vaha eka ajJa vyakti dvArA sampAdita hone ke kAraNa utanA hI kSatavya aura vidvAnoM dvArA saMzodhana-viSayaka sujhAva prApta karane kA adhikArI bhI hai| zrI parezAya namaH ||0|| phaLe ThA-1] karAyA brAhmANA cA dharI :rU: svikarilA :: ketulA ekU dIsU rAjya keleM / :4: zrAddha jAleM taH 3: bhAryA raticiyA cADA leH / NeH te vheLi brahmacayAcI-:maH teM nimitta karUNi mAtA purAyeM: te ya deva-rIta vijeM karitAH zrIdattAtraye prabhUmyA zrI cA vekhudharUni jALI taLauNi nyaH ho kI dhalAH zrI mukuTAvari cavaDA ThevilA : loku-yA-to paratAgelAH tetha zakti svIkarilAHHH svikarilA aisI eki vAsanA ::2: yudvArAvatti jIe tavaH 3tetha hote :2:3-dvArAvati-||1||3: dvArAvatti jIe tavaMH 3 tetha hote 2:3:-dvaaraavti-:||1||3: dvArAvatie sikharA"DIti :2: supoMpuMje bharItiH // variThevItiH gomatiyeM madhya"mANu prakaTe kharA~TeNi vidyAH ||2||""tiHyeM sayAsu svikarilAH ma rUddhi pUrA ye te thauNi mAga teM dvArAvatiye yeH gomatiyecAM tIrI japata hoteH pUDhAM daMDurovilA:o tetha :3: ye TAH vari su paThevile vaH kharAMTeNi hANi taleM daMDumoDuNi gomatiye madhye ghAtalA tethaHoMH zakti svikarilIH dusarI vAsaNArU: svIkarilA :2: trAdvi purA yeH / / 3 / / antya-puSpikA pUrvAmukheM guphai avasthAna jAleM : prazarAma vAH erAguMphe rAmezvarA bA : 6||9||8|| evaM pUrvArddha pAvA pAThaM saMpUrNa samAptaH 10.10|| zrI zake 1525 zubhakRta nAma savachare vaizAkha zuddha akSatrItiyA somavAreM jAbu gAMvI lekhana Aramile teMH jaSTa badi zaSTI zukravAreM jAMbugAvI lekhana saMpale : prAMta AsuTI harIcandrAcI: zubhaMbhavatu : lekhaka pAThakayo: vAcitA vijayAho ||chHchiH|10110||ollo|| 154 ]

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isa samaya do taruNa bAlAe bAga ke bIca meM sthita tAlAba ke kinAre khar3I-khar3I usakI zobhA dekha rahI haiN| inameM eka kA nAma taraMgavatI aura dUsarI kA nAma sArasikA hai| taraMgavatI RSabhasena seTha kI utyanta lATalI putrI hai| usake gaNita. vAcana, lekhana, nRtya, gAyana, puSpapAlana kalA, vanaspati zAstra, rasAyana zAstra Adi viSayoM ke niSNAta zikSakoM ke pAsa abhyAsa kiyA huA hai| taraMgavato yamunAjo kI mAnyatA se huI thI ataH usakA nAma taraMgavatI rakhA gyaa| vaha ATha bhAiyoM meM sabase choTI aura lADalI bahina hai| usake pAsa khar3I sArasikA usakI priya sakhI hai| taraMgavatI zarada Rtu ke suhAvane dina prArambha ho gaye haiN| AkAza meM zveta bAdala daur3ate mAlUma dete haiN| grISmakAla bitAne gaye hue rAjahaMsa lauTa kara yamunA nadI evaM anya sarovaroM meM kallola karane lage haiN| nadI taTa-sthita kitane hI vana phIke, kitane hI AsamAnI aura kitane hI pIle bana gae haiM to saptaparNa ke jaMgala barapha jaise sapheda ho gae haiN| isa samaya madhya deza sthita vatsa deza atyanta manohara lagatA hai| usake dhAnya bhare kheta, jalapUrNa nadI nAle evaM harSa bhare mAnava mana hara kisI ko AnandadAyI haiN| isakI rAjadhAnI kauzAmbI to utsavoM kA dhAma ho gaI hai| tAlAba meM gulAbI, AsamAnI aura bhUre kamala khUba khile hue haiM jinakA parAga saMgraha karane ke lie masta bane bhUmara guMjAra kara rahe haiN| battaka aura cakravAka yugala isameM taira kara kallola kara rahe haiN| yaha dRzya dekhate-dekhate taraMgavatI ekAeka mUrchita hokara bhUmisAt ho gii| ekAeka isa ghaTanA se sArasikA ghabar3A gaI / vaha daur3a . kara tAlAba se kamalapatroM kA donA banAkara pAnI lAI aura taraMgavatI ke muMha para chir3akane lgii| thor3I dera meM taraMgavatI saceta ho gaI, usakI A~khoM se azrudhArA pravAhita thii| 'bahina / ekAeka tumheM kyA ho gayA? koI madhumakSikA ne DaMka mArA yA cakkara A gayA? jo ho zIghra kaho. tAki usakA uNaya kiyA jAya!' sArasikA ke ina priya vacanoM ke uttara meM taraMgavatI ne kahA-'bahina / na to mujhe madhumakkhI ne kATA aura na cakkara hI AyA thaa| taba kyA huA thA?' sArasikA ne puuchaa| taraMgavatI ne kahA-'priya sakhI ! tuma bacapana se merI sukha-duHkha kI sAthIna ho aura merI samasta gupta bAteM jAnatI ho ataH tumhe kahane meM koI Apatti nahIM kinta. yaha bAta tumhAre mana meM rakhanA hai| isake liye kasama khAkara kaho ki maiM kisI ke sAmane prakaTa nahIM kruuNgii|' sArasikA ke kasama khAne para taraMgavatI ne kahA-'cakravAka yugala ko yahA~ ke nagara seTha RSabhasaina kA khilA huA bagIcA pUre bahAra meM hai / usake ghara kI samasta mahilAeM isa radyAna kI mauja ur3Ane ke lie nikala par3I haiN| pataMgie kI pAMkha jaise manohara vastra evaM vividha alaMkAroM ke paridhAna se ve nandana vana meM vihAra karatI apsarAoM ke jaisI lagatI haiN| koI phUla tor3atI hai to koI latAmaNDapoM kI kuMja galiyoM meM ghUmatI hai| koI puSpa hAra banAtI hai to koI pakSiyoM ke kalarava-gIta sunane meM masta hai| 155 )

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dekhate hI mujhe pUrva janma ki bAteM smaraNa ho AI jisase maiM mUrchita ho gaI thii| yaha sArI bAta tumheM saMkSepa se batalAtI hU~ / yahA~ se kucha dUra aMga nAmaka deza hai jahA~ se hokara gaMgA bahatI hai| isake ubhaya taTa para bahuta se grAma-nagara base hue haiN| isameM jala pakSiyoM ke jhuNDa ke jhuNDa rahate haiN| maiM apane pUrva bhava meM vahA~ cakravAkI thI evaM merA pati zarIra se sundara aura svabhAva se tapasvI kI bhA~ti sarala thA / hama svatantratA kA pUrA Ananda uThAte the| cakravAka meM jitanA prabala aura saccA sneha hotA hai vaha sAre saMsAra meM apratima hai / hama donoM haradama sAtha-sAtha rahate / tairane meM khelane aura ur3ane meM hameM eka dUsare kA viyoga asA thA / eka dina koI mahAgajarAja gaMgA nadI meM jalapAna karane aayaa| vaha sUDa meM bharakara idhara-udhara pAnI uchAlatA aura kAlola kara rahA thA / itane meM eka yamadUta jaisA kAlA bhISaNa pAradhI Akara vRkSa ke nIce khar3A ho liye gyaa| hAthI kA zikAra karane ke usane dhanuSa para bANa car3hAkara jora se hAthI kI ora pheMkA kintu durbhAgyavaza vaha hAthI ko na lagakara DAla para deThe mere pati ko laga gyaa| unakI eka paoNsa kaTane se mUcchita ho ve nadI ke taTa para jA gire| maiM bhI pIchepIche ur3I aura unakI vedanA sahana na hone se mUrchita ho gaI / kucha dera bAda hoza meM Ane para maiMne caMcu dvArA unakA tIra khIMcakara nikAla diyA aura azrupUrNa netroM se apanI pA~khoM dvArA havA karane lgii| maiMne unheM jIvita samajha kara bahuta ceSTA kI ki ve kucha bole para ve bole nahIM meM punaH aceta ho gii| cetanA lauTane para maiMne apanI coMca se apanI pAMkha ke andara ke piccha nikAla pheMke aura usI prakAra svAmI kI pA~khoM ke piccha bhI cuna-cunakara nikAle aura unase cipaka kara vilApa karane lgii| itane meM hI vaha pAradhI vahA~ AyA aura hAthI ke badale mere svAmI ko marA dekha kara kahA 156 ] 1 'Aha / prabhu !' maiM usake bhaya se ur3a kara sudUra vRkSa kI zAkhA para jA baiThI pAradhI unheM bAlU para rakha kara kASTha lAne calA gyaa| maiM phira DAla se utara kara unake pAsa Akara baiTha gii| merI vedanA kA koI pAra nahIM thaa| itane hI meM pAradhI kASTha lekara AyA aura meM AkAza meM ur3a gii| pAradhI ne mere svAmI kA agni saMskAra kara calA gyaa| Aha ! mere pati usa citA meM jala rahe the| ataH maiM bhI usameM kUda par3I / mere pati ke zaraNa meM vaha agni bhI mujhe sukha rUpa lgii| itanI bAta kahakara taraMgavatI phira vehoza ho gii| hoza meM Ane para usane phira bAta Age calAI gaMgA ke taTa para maiM satI hone ke pazcAt kauzAmbI nagarI meM seTha Rpamasena kI putrI rUpa meM utpanna huii| ekabAra Age bhI mujhe yaha bAta smaraNa ho AyI thii| maiMne tumheM saMkSepa meM yaha bAta kahI hai para aba jaba taka maiM apane pati se na mila sakUM takA tava tuma yaha bAta kisI ko bhI nahIM kahanA | - 'Aja sAta varSa se maiM apane priyatama se milane kI AzA meM mAtA-pitA ko jhUThI jhUThI AzAeM detI A rahI hU~ / yadi yaha sambhava nahIM huA to maiM hRdaya kI saMtApa dUra karane ke liye sAdhvI vana jAUMgI, tAki phira saMsAra ke bandhanoM meM na pha~sanA par3e / ' yaha bAta sunate hI sArasikA ke bhI A~khoM meM AMsU A gae aura vaha dherya paMdhAte hue bolI- sakhI tumhArA prema svargIya hai, vejor3a hai / yaha prema tumheM svAmI se avazya milana kraavegaa| phira ve donoM jahA~ anya striyA~ thIM vahA~ calI giiN| isakI mAtA putravadhuoM ko nahalAne kI vyavasthA kara rahI thI / taraMgavatI kI A~khe lAla aura muMha udAsa dekhakara kahane lagI- priya putrI ! tumheM kyA huA ?' taraMgavatI ne kahA- 'mAM, merA sira darda kara rahA hai / yadyapi Aja bagIce meM hI saila sapATA aura bhojana kI vyavasthA Ayojita thI. saba loga Ananda manA rahe the para ekAeka putrI ko asvastha dekhakara mAtA

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rekha para niyukta kara diyA / parva divasa hone se svayaM upavAsa kiyA thA, ataH sAdI caTAI para Asana jamA kara kyA hotA hai jAnane ke liye pratIkSA karane lgii| ko bar3I cintA huI kintu sabake Ananda meM bhaMga na par3e isalie sArI vyavasthA karake svayaM taraMgavatI aura sArasikA ko lekara ghara A gaI / ye to bar3e ghara kI saMtAna, sahaja hI A~kha-mAthA dukhe to vaidya * hakImoM kI daur3A-daur3I ho jAtI hai| RSabhasena ne avilaMba kuzala vaidyoM ko bulvaayaa| unhoMne nAr3I parIkSA kI, anya prazna pUcha kara abhiprAya diyA ki-'bhaya jaisI koI bAta nahIM / vAI ke zarIra meM koI roga nahIM, thakAvaTa yA mAnasika cintA se hI sira-darda ho gayA lagatA hai|' saMdhyA samaya saba loga bagIce se ghara A gaye / dUsare dina se taraMgavatI kA sira-darda to miTa gayA para mAnasika vyAdhi bar3ha gaI / parvabhava ke pati kI prApti ke liye usake roma-roma meM raTanA laga gii| taraMgavatI ke apAra rUpa aura guNoM se AkRSTa hokara abataka aneka zrImanta parivAroM se mA~ga AtI thI para caritra, vidyA, vaya, guNa aura dhana Adi se yogya na lagane se ve mAMge ThakarA die jAte the| taraMgavatI ko azakya manoratha kaise saphala ho isI kI tamannA lagI thI ataH usane kaThina vrata upavAsa bhI kiye jisase usakA zarIra sUkhane lagA / ekAeka usake hRdaya meM eka vicAra kA udbhava haA ki mere svayaM pUrvabhava ke sAre prasaMgoM ko citroM meM akana kara pradarzanI lagAI jAya / saMyogavaza mere pati ko bhI unheM dekha kara pUrvabhava kA smaraNa ho jAya to hamArA milApa ho sakatA hai usane ye vicAra apanI sakhI sArasikA ko kahA aura thor3e samaya meM hI atyaMta kuzalatApUrvaka pUrvabhava ke sAre prasaMga Alekhita kara citramAlA taiyAra kara ddaalii| kArtika pUrNimA Ane para taraMgavatI ne una citroM ko mUlyavAna caukhaToM meM mar3hA kara apane AMgana meM pradarzanI Ayojita kara sajA diyA aura sArasikA ko isakI dekha RSamasena seTha kI havelI rAjamArga para thI aura usakA AMgana kalA kI dRSTi se bhI alaMkAra rUpa mAnA jAtA thaa| ataH cAMdanI rAta meM loga pradarzanI dekhane ke liye khUba Ane lge| dera taka aisA calatA rahA / jaba bhIr3a kama huI to eka navayuvaka apane mitroM ke sAtha citra pradarzanI avalokanArtha AyA / citroM ko dekhakara vaha prazaMsA karane lagA ki-'aho ! kyA hI sundara gaMgA nadI citrita kI hai ! yaha cakravAka yugala bhI kaise tAdRza banAye haiN| ye kamala vana meM sAtha-sAtha ghUmate haiM, bAlukA para ArAma karate haiM / AkAza meM bhI sAtha-sAtha ur3a rahe haiM / ahA ! ye kaise pabitra prema meM baMdhe huye haiN| are ! yaha hAthI bhI kitanA sundara aura svAbhAvika hai ! isa zikArI ke lAla netra aura dIrghakAya to dekho| paira caur3e kara kisa prakAra dhanuSa kI pratyaJcA car3hA kara khIMca rahA hai / are, yaha cakravAka isI se ghAyala hotA hai jisakA dRzya kitanA dayanIya lagatA hai ! aura use agnizaraNa karate hI cakravAkI bhI usameM kUda kara citA-praveza kara jAtI hai ! yaha to ajaba sneha ! svargIya prema / isa prakAra bolate hI vaha behoza ho gyaa| usake mitra bhI citra dekhane meM itane tallIna the ki unheM isa bAta kA patA taka na lagA | patA lagate hI ve use kinAre le jAkara havA dene lage / sArasikA bhI unake pIche-pIche gaI / jaba saceta huA to vaha bolane lagA'ahA ! merI priya cakravAkI ! Aja tuma kahA~ ho? tumhAre binA yaha jIvana nahIM Tika skegaa| mitroM ne kahA-'kyA uTapaTAMga bola rahe ho? pAgala to nahIM ho gae ? kaisI cakravAkI aura kyA huA hai tumheM ?' taruNa ne kahA'maiM pAgala nahIM huA huuN| tuma mAno yA na mAno kintu ye citra merI pUrva janma-kathA se sambandhita haiN| maiM hI [ 157

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cakravAka huuN| mRtyu paryanta kI ghaTanA mujhe yAda thI para bAda meM kyA huA vaha ina citroM se Aja mAlUma kara sakA / merI priya cakravAkI mere sAtha hI jalakara bhasma ho gii| hAya ! Aja vaha kahAM milegii|' sArasikA yaha sunakara citroM ke pAsa Akara khar3I ho gaI / itane meM usa taruNa ke eka mitra ne Akara pUchA-'sabako pAgala banA dene vAle ina citroM kA aMkana kisane kiyA hai ? sArasikA ne kahA-'seTha RSabhasena kI putrI taraMgavatI ne ye citra banAye haiN| ye kevala kalpanA mAtra nahIM haiM, isake pIche tathya chipA huA hai / ' yaha bAta usane apane mitra se kahI jise sunakara vaha zokapUrvaka kahane lagA-'nagara seTha to bar3A abhimAnI hai / taraMgavatI ke liye AyI huI sabhI mA~ge usane ThukarA diye haiM / merI mA~ga vaha kaise svIkAra karegA? mitroM ne kahA-'tuma cintA mata karo, kisI bhI prakAra se tumhArA sambandha taraMgavatI ke sAtha karA deNge| ve use ghara kI ora le ge| sArasikA bhI pIche-pIche clii| rAja-mArga pAra kara eka bhavya bhavana meM ve saba praviSTa ho gae to usane bAhara rukakara sArI pUchatAcha kara lii| dina ke dUsare prahara meM seTha dhanadeva apane do AtmIya janoM ke sAtha seTha RSabhasena ke pAsa AyA aura taraMgavatI kI mAMga kii| RSabhasena ne kahA-'vaha to vyApArArtha paradeza hI ghUmatA rahatA hai aura dAsiyoM ke sAtha ghamatA hai / use merI putrI dUM to vaha kyA sukha bhogegI? sadA . pati viyoga meM azrupAta karegI, aura kabhI acchA pahinane or3hane kA maukA nahIM milegaa| usa pravAsI se to yahA~ rahane vAle kisI kaMgAla ko denA acchA hai| dhanadeva ko yaha uttara bahuta burA lagA, vaha Rddha hokara calA gyaa| sArasikA saMlagna khaNDa meM baiThI huIM saba kucha suna rahI thii| usane azra.pUrNa netroM se Akara taraMgavatI ko khaa| isa samAcAra se vaha vajrapAta se dharAzAyI hote vRkSa kI bhA~ti stabdha ho gii| java svastha huI to usane kahA'sArasike / mere pitA ke isa javAva ko sunakara unheM saranta AghAta hogA jisase unakA jIvitavya bhI jokhima meM A par3egA, ataH maiM eka patra likhatI hU~ jise de aao|' taraMgavatI ne patra taiyAra kiyA aura sArasikA use lekara padmadeva ke makAna pahuMcI / daravAnoM ne anajAna vyakti jJAtakara pUchA-'kisase milanA hai ?' sArasikA ne kahA-'padmadeva ne mujhe kisI kArya ke liye bulAyA hai| isase unhoMne andara jAne diyA aura eka dAsI use pAdeva ke pAsa chor3a gaI / rAtri pUrNa huI / prabhAta hone para sArasikA daur3akara taraMgavatI ke nikaTa gaI aura use AliGganabaddha kara bolI-bahina / kAma saphala ho gayA ! tumhAre pati kA patA laga gayA hai| phira usane rAta kI sArI bAta kahI / taraMgavatI ne kahA-'sakhI, tuma mAgyazAlI ho ki tumane unheM najaroM se dekhA / maiM kaba unake darzana karUgI ? are, tumane mujhe unakA nAma to batalAyA hI nahIM / sArasikA ne kahA'unakA nAma padmadeva hai aura unake pitA kA nAma dhanadeva / unakA makAna sAre nagara meM kevala apane se hI bhavyatA meM kucha nyUna hai / rUpa meM to vaha kAmadeva ke jaisA hai aura sacamuca vaha bilkula tere yogya pati hai|' yaha kahakara vaha calI gii| padmadeva kI hAlata isa samaya bar3I kharAba thI / vaha gAla para hAtha dekara cintita mudrA meM baiThA thA / sArasikA ne use namaskAra kara kahA-'Apa jisakI cintA meM baiThe haiM, usI kA sandeza lekara maiM AI haiN|' kahakara patra hAtha meM rakha diyaa| taraMgavatI ne usameM likhA thA-pUrvabhava meM jisane Apake sAtha citA praveza kiyA thA, vahI Aja nagaraseTha ke yahA~ putrI rUpa meM avatarita hai / ApakI khoja ke nimitta hI yaha pradarzanI Ayojita kI gaI thii| vahI prema Aja bhI kAyama ho to apanI deha ko surakSita rakheM va mujhe bhI jIvita rakheM / apanA 15 ]

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. yaha snehI jIvana jaba taka sukhI na ho taba taka sArI bAta gupta rakhanA / yaha patra par3hakara padmadeva kI A~khoM meM azrudhArA pravAhita huI, deha kAMpane lgaa| pUrva bhava kA sneha usake hRdaya meM itanA hI tAjA ho gayA thA ki usane kahAmerI dazA varNana karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM / kala vAle citra vAstava meM merI pUrva bhava kI kathA se sambandhita the| unheM dekhate hI maiM mUcchita ho gayA thaa| vahA~ se Ate hI lagabhaga sArI rAta usI sthiti meM bitaaii| prAtaHkAla mere mitroM ne mere pitAjI se kahA ki Apa taraMgavatI ke liye mA~ga bhejeM / unhoMne yaha sunakara kahAtuma bhale anya kanyA ke liye kaho kintu usakA nAma chor3o ! vaha abhipAno nagaraseTha nahIM maanegaa| phira bhI jaba mere mitroM ke Agraha se ve svayaM vahA~ gae kintu uttara vahI milA jo pahale se socA huA thA to maiMne AtmahatyA karane kA nizcaya kiyA aura itane meM hI tuma A gii| tuma usake pAsa merA patra le jAkara dhairya baMdhAo ki tumheM vaha cakravAkI kI bhA~ti hI cAhatA hai aura tumhAre pitA ko jaba taka yuktipUrvaka manA liyA jAya taba taka dhairya dhAraNa kro| kara sArasikA se kahA / sArasikA ne kahA-'bahina! yaha to ati- sAhasa hotA hai, isase tumhAre kula kI maryAdA bhaMga hogI / samaya Ane para tumhAre pitA tumhAre mana kI icchA samajha kara svayaM usake sAtha tumhArA 'vivAha karane ko rAjI ho jaayeNge| tuma utAbalI mata bano / ' taraMgavatI ne kahA-'tuma itanI laMbI gaNanA kaba sIkha gaI? manuSya ko saphalatA prApti ke liye sabhI prakAra ke jokhima uThAnA sIkhanA caahie| yadi tuma mujhe vahA~ nahIM le jAtI ho to maiM eka ghar3I bhI nikAla nahIM sakU~gI, mere jovitavya kI AzA na rkhnaa| yaha sunakara sArasikA ne padmadeva ke pAsa le jAnA svIkAra kiyA / taraMgavatI ne apane atyanta mUlyavAna vastrAbhUSaNa dhAraNa kiye aura kucha rAtri par3ane para donoM ghara se bAhara nikalI / jaba ve pAdeva ke makAna para pahu~cI to vaha mitroM ke sAtha AMgana meM baiThA sAraMgI bajA rahA thaa| sArasikA ko dUra se hI dekhakara usane apane mitroM ko chuTTI dete hue kahA-'aba maiM soUMgA. tuma loga bhI jaao| isa zarada rAtri meM ArAma kro| usane sArasikA ko bulAyA / taraMgavatI pAsa vAle kakSa meM chipI khar3I rhii| sArasikA ne Akara padmadeva kA patra dekara sandeza kahA / taraMgavatI ko patra par3hakara atyanta Ananda huA / usameM cakravAka kI apanI mRtyu taka kI sArI bAtoM ke sAtha-sAtha apane hRdaya kI sthiti likhI thii| usane sAtha hI AzvAsana diyA thA / taraMgavatI ne harSollAsa se patra par3hA thA para kucha ThaMDI par3a gii| usane dhAraNA kI ki padmadeva dhairya dhAraNa karane ko kahatA hai to kyA usakA sneha DhIlA par3a gayA ? sArasikA ne usakA samAdhAna kiyaa| padmadeva ne kahA-'sArasike ! calo, apane kala vAle citroM kA nirIkSaNa karane caleM / kintu yaha to batalAo merI AMkhoM ke tAre ke samAna taraMgavatI kA kyA sandeza lAI ho?' yaha kahatA huA vaha usI kakSa meM A gayA jahA~ tIraMgavatI khar3I thii| taraMgavatI ne use bAraMbAra premapUrvaka dekhA jisase usakA sArA zarIra praphullita ho gyaa| sArasikA ne kahA- maiM koi sandeza nahIM lAI hU~ kintu sAgara se milane ke liye jaise nadI daur3akara AtI hai usI prakAra vaha Apase milane daur3a AI hai| isI samaya taraMgavatI ne padmadeva ke caraNoM meM gira kara harSAoM se unake caraNa prakSAlita kiye / padmadevane use premapUrvaka uThA kara kahA-'priye. rAtri meM taraMgavatI kA mana taraMgoM meM car3hA aura yahI socane lagI ki kaba apane priyatama se jAkara milUM ? anta meM usane gupta rUpa se jAne kA nizcaya [ 159

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hai / phira vaha apane sAtha rahane se bAdhA-sI rahegI ataH abhI cale caleM / ' trNgvtii| tuma yaha sAhasa kaise kara sakI ? tumhAre pitA ko sahamata kara saka. vahA~ taka pratIkSA karane ko maiMne tumheM kahA thA / ve rAjya ke kRpApAtra haiM, patA lagane para ve hara upAya se mere parivAra kA bigAr3a kara DAleMge ataH tumhArI anupasthiti jJAta hone se pahale hI tuma ghara lauTa jaao| kyoMki bAta to havA meM ur3akara phaila jAtI hai / ' isI samaya nIce ke rAjamArga se koI vyakti bolatA jA rahA thA-'apane Apa calakara AI huI priyA, yauvana, artha, rAjya, lakSmI, varSA, samaya, cAMdanI aura catura snehiyoM ke Ananda kA jo upayoga nahIM kara sakatA vaha ghara para AI huI kA mUlyAMkana nahIM jaantaa| jIvanAdhAra apanI priyA ko prApta kara jo chor3a detA hai vaha dukhI hotA hai|' ina vacanoM se padmadeva ke vicAroM ne palaTA khAyA aura vaha bolA-'yadi hama paradeza cale jAe to vighna aura AzaMkAoM se chuTakArA ho sakatA hai / taraMgavatI aura padmadeva cala par3e / nagara ke dvAra dinarAta khule rahate the ataH ve sIdhe yamunAjI ke kinAre jA pahu~ce / pada, madeva ne yAtrAe khUba kI thI ataH vaha naukA calAnA bhI acchI taraha jAnatA thaa| usane par3I huI naukA kA laMgara uThAyA aura usameM baiThakara ve turaMta ravAnA ho gaye / isI samaya dAhinI ora zRgAla kA zabda sunA to padmadeva ne kahA-'priye! uttama zakuna ho jAe tava taka naukA rokeM / ' usane naukA ko rokA bhI. para nadI ke vega meM aTakA rakhanA kaThina thaa| ataH anicchA pUrvaka bhI unheM cala denA par3A / nadI ke pravAha meM naukA vega se calane lagI / donoM kinAroM para ghanA jaMgala thA jisameM se jaMgalI jAnavaroM kI AvAjeM A rahI thIM / thor3I-thor3I dUra para nidrAmagna gA~va bhI dikhAyI par3ate the| padmadeva ne patavAra calAte hue kahA-'priye ! kitane cira-viyoga ke pazcAt hama mile haiN| ahA, tuma apane milana kI icchA nahIM karatI aura citrAMkana na karatI to kyA hama mila sakate? tumane mere jIvana ko khUba sukhamaya banA diyA hai| taraMgavatI ne rote-rote kaThinatA se kahA-'priyatama ! .ApakI icchAnusAra maiM karane ko prastuta ha~ para aba merese ghara vApasa nahIM jAyA jaaegaa| phira kitane hI vicAra vimarza ke anta meM donoM ne palAyana kara paradeza jAne kA nirNaya kiyA / padgamadeva ne kahA-'taba maiM yAtrA kI taiyArI kara letA huuN|' taraMgavatI ne apane AbhUSaNAdi sAmAna lAne ke lie sArasikA ko apane mahala meM bheja diyaa| taraMgavatI ne lajjA se nIce dekhate hue kahA-'nAtha ! Apa hI mere jIvana-dhana haiM, ava mujhe kabhI bhI dUra na kareM, Apake vinA maiM jIvita nahIM raha skNgo|' padmadeva ne kahA-'tuma aisI koI cintA na karo, hama aba kAkaMdI ke nikaTa A pahuMce haiM / vo dUra nagara ke sapheda mahala dikhAI de rahe haiN|' phira AliMgana kara usake sAtha gandharva vivAha kara liyaa| yaha prema-vivAha sarvadA sthAyI rahe. isake liye iSTa devoM se prArthanA kii| idhara padamadeva taiyAra hokara bolA-'aba apane ko kizcit bhI vilamba nahIM karanA hai| ataH tumhAre pitA ko jJAta hone se pUrva hI hameM cala denA caahie|' taraMgavatI ne kahA-'para abhI to sArasikA nahIM AI, vaha Ave taba caleM / ' padmadeva ne kahA-'gupta bAta meM dAsI ko milAnA ThIka nahIM isase vighna upasthita ho sakatA aba ve gaMgA ke saMgama para phuNce| naukA gaMgAjI para tairane lagI / pUrvabhava meM jaise isa nadI ke pAsa cakravAka yugala tairate the usI prakAra isa bhava meM mAnava 160 ]

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yugala tairane lge| uSAkAla huA, pazu-pakSI jaga kara kalarava karane lage / pUrva dizA meM sUrya kiraNoM kA prakAza sarvatra phailA / padmadeva ne kahA-'priye ! ava dAMtauna karane kA samaya huA / ' sAmane nadI taTa kI bAlukA para utareM / taraMgavatI kI svIkRti se naukA ko kinAre lagAkara utre| abhI thor3I hI dUra cale the ki jhAr3iyoM meM se luTere-DAkU nikala Aye jinheM dekhate hI taraMgavatI cIkha par3I aura padmadeva se cipaTate hue bolI-'aba kyA kreNge|' padmadeva ne kahA-'tumane abhI taka merA lAThI calAnA nahIM dekhA hai| chor3o mujhe-maiM unakI khavara letA huuN| prANa rahate maiM tumhArI rakSA karUMgAcintA mata kro|' taraMgavatI ne kahA-'nAtha ! mujhe akelI chor3akara unase na bhir3eM / ApakA DAkUoM ke hAtha se pakar3A jAnA maiM nahIM dekha skeNgii| phira bhI Apa jAte ho to maiM apanA prANa tyAga karatI hU~, taba taka tthhreN|' yahA~ unhoMne ina donoM ko baMdhana se bAMdhA aura andara le gye| dhvajA-patAkA se bhItarI bhAga sajAyA huA thaa| yaha sava dekhakara padmadeva aura taraMgavatI samajha gaye ki yaha to kAlI jI kA mandira hai / DAkuoM kA dUsarA giroha bhI eka bar3A DAkA DAlakara AyA thaa| unhoMne paraspara namaskAra kiyA aura rati-kAmadeva jaise jor3e ko dekhane lage / unhoMne inheM dekhakara kyA-kyA TIkATippaNI kii| bastI meM patA lagane para choTe-bar3e sabhI ina donoM ko dekhane aaye| phira unheM vahA~ se bhI Age le gaye jahA~ kitane hI kaidiyoM ko bhara rakhA . thaa| eka ora luTeroM kA gAna-tAna aura dUsarI ora kaidiyoM ke bhayaMkara cItkAra ko dekhakara vaha sthAna svarga aura naraka kA mizrita rUpa pratIta hotA thA / kaidI strI-puruSa taraMgavatI aura padmadeva ko dekhakara moha aura dayA se na jAne kyA kyA bolane lage / itane meM kAMToM kI vAr3a vAlA saradAra kA ghara AyA / usameM ghAsa kA eka jhoMpar3A banA huA thA jisameM donoM ko le gaye / saradAra kA tagar3A zarIra, usake dhAraNa kiye hathiyAra aura paripArzva meM baiThe hue usake sAthiyoM se vaha sthAna yamadUta ke nivAsa jaisA lagatA thaa| ina donoM kaidiyoM ne use namaskAra kiyaa| usane tIkSNa dRSTi se inheM nakha se zikha paryanta dekha liyA aura eka sAthI ke kAna meM kahA-'mAtA ke zarada Rtu ke bhoga dene ke liye yaha jor3I upayukta hai / ataH inheM kaida meM DAla do aura sakhta paharA rkho| navamI kI rAtri meM le aanaa|' itane meM luTere A pahu~ce / taraMgavatI ne unake pairoM meM par3akara AjIjo karate hue kahA-'tumheM jo kucha cAhiye le lo para mere pati ko kaSTa na do|' unhoMne nokA para adhikAra karake usameM rakhA huA sArA dhana le liyA aura taraMgavato va padnadeva ke sAre AbhUSaNa utAra liye| oha ! kitane bar3e parizrama se donoM mile, to aba unakA sukhI milana svapnavata ho gyaa| luTeroM ne unheM kaidI banAyA aura jaMgala meM le cale / viMdhyAcala pahAr3a ke dakSiNa kI ora ve jA rahe the| bahuta dera calane ke vAda ve eka sundara pahAr3I kI khoha meM praviSTa hue| vahA~ eka guphA AI / usake dvAra para kitane hI manuSya mAlA aura talavAra dhAraNa kiye satarka paharA de rahe the| andara se Dholaka tathA gAyana va nRtya kI dhvani sunAI de rahI thii| usakI pratidhvani sArI guphA meM gUMja rahI thii| yaha AjJA pAkara eka DAkU khar3A huA aura donoM ko eka ghara meM le gayA / yahA~ paharedArI ThIka lagegI ataH padmadeva ko ekAeka stambha se bA~dha diyA / taraMgavatI se yaha nahIM dekhA gayA to usane kalpAnta karate hue kahA-'bhAI! mujhe bhI isI ke sAtha ho bA~dha do|' kahakara padmadeva ke pAsa A gaI / DAkU ne yaha dekhakara use dhakkA mAra kara kinAre haTA diyaa| padmadeva 161]

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ko krodha AyA. vaha jora lagAkara baMdhana-mukta ho usa DAkU ke sAtha lar3ane kA prayAsa karane lgaa|' para vyartha ! itane dRr3ha bandhana meM vaha vaddha thA ki kucha na kara skaa| DAkU ne aura dRr3hatA se use bA~dha diyA aura phira mUr3he para baiThakara kaccA mAMsa khAkara madirA pAna karane lgaa| taraMgavatI ne usa DAkU se kahA-'ye kauzAmbI ke eka vyApArI ke lADale putra haiM aura maiM nagara seTha kI putrI hU~ / yadi hameM chor3a doge to jitanA kaho hIrA, motI aura sonA deMge / tumalogoM meM se eka vyakti ko hamArI ciTThI lekara bhejo / dhana milane se hameM chor3a denA / unhoMne mana hI mana iSTadeva se prArthanA kI aura upavAsa kiyaa| ve apanA sArA samaya dharma dhyAna meM hI vitAne lage / arddha rAtri meM DAkuoM kI guphA kolAhalapUrNa ho gaI thI / koI nAcane-kUdane lagA, koI gAne lagA, to koI ho-hallA karane lgaa| jaba saba zAnta ho . gae to vaha paharedAra AyA aura padmadeva ko bandhanamukta karate hue kahA-mere pIche-pIche donoM cale aao| vaha unheM ajJAta jaMgalI mArga se lekara calA / usa samaya jaMgala meM kahIM dUra aura kahIM nikaTa jaMgalI jAnavaroM kI AvAja sunAyI par3atI thii| kahIM-kahIM to sUkhe pattoM para unake padacApa kI khar3akhar3AhaTa se nIr3a meM soe pakSI jaga par3ate the / isa prakAra jaba veM jaMgala ko ullaMghana kara gaye to usa DAkU ne kahA-'aba apa loga nirbhaya haiM / nikaTI gA~va meM cale jAveM / maiM bhI apane rAste calA jAU~gA / apane saradAra kI AjJA se Apako baMdhana meM bA~dhanA par3A, isake lie kSamA kreN| DAkU ne kahA-'hamAre saradAra ne kAlI mAtA ke Age tumhArA balidAna denA nizcita kiyA hai| unakI kRpA se to hamAre sAre kArya saphala hote haiM / unheM mAnyatA kiyA huA bhoga na deM to hamArA sarvanAza ho jaay| svayaM ko aise sthala para maranA par3egA aura svAmI nirdaya baMdhana meM par3e haiM-dekhakara taraMgavatI karuNa kradana karane lgii| padmadeva ne taraMgavatI ko dhairya baMdhAte hue kahA '-'maranA hai to zA~ti se maranA hai. zoka karane se kyA hAtha AyegA?' ina zabdoM se vaha thor3I zAnta huI para usakA kraMdana hareka ke hRdaya ko dravita karane vAlA thaa| tatra sthita kaidI striyA~ bhI yaha dekha rone lagI aura pUchane lagI--'vahina ! tuma kisa prakAra inake dvArA pakar3I gaI ?' taraMgavatI ne apanI kathA saMkSepa se kaha sunaaii| yaha sunate hue usa DAkU kA hRdaya bhI itanA dayAdra huAki vaha behoza ho gyaa| thor3I dera meM saceta hokara usane padmadeva ke bandhana DhIle kara diye aura kahA-'tuma Daro mata, maiM tumheM mauta se bacA luuNgaa|' padmadeva ne kahA---'tumhArA jitanA upakAra mAne thoDA hai| apane saradAra kI AjJA hote hue bhI apane prANoM ko saMkaTa meM DAlakara hameM bacAyA, isakA badalA kaba cukAU~gA ? maiM kauzAmbI ke seTha dhanadeva kA putra huuN| tuma mere sAtha calo, tuma jo cAhoge so duuNgaa| usa DAkU ne kahA-'samaya Ane para dekhNgaa|' padmadeva ne use kasama dilAte hue kahA-kauzAmbI Ao taba avazya mere yahAM aanaa| tumhArA badalA to kabhI nahIM cukA sktaa|' DAkU ne kahA-'Apako santoSa huA, yahI paryApta hai. aba apane Apa cale jAiye / ' kahakara vaha apanA mArga pakar3a liyA / yaha sunakara donoM ko Ananda huA para abhI pUrNa vizvAsa nahIM huA ki yahA~ se mukta ho jaayeNge| taraMgavatI aura padmadeva donoM binA rAste ke maidAna meM jaldI-jaldI calane lage / taraMgavatI kabhI isa prakAra calI nahIM thii| anabhyAsa ke kAraNa usake liye calanA 162 ]

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kaThina ho gayA / isaliye padamadeva ne use apanI pITha para uThA liyA / yadyapi taraMgavatI ne bahuta nA kahI thI / thor3I dera meM ve eka gA~va meM pahu~ce / ava bhaya to koI thA nahIM ataH taraMgavatI ko thakAvaTa / aura kSudhA kA kaSTa huA / usane kahA-'svAmin ! aba asahya bhUkha lagI hai, kahIM se kucha prApta kara lAveM / ' padamadeva ke kahA-'isa jIbha ne kabhI duHkha kI pukAra nahIM kI to yAcanA to karatA hI kyA ? phira bhI tumhAre prema ke kAraNa vaha bhI karUMgA / ' meM se thor3e sipAhiyoM ko lekara ApakI khoja ke lie nikalA thaa| Apake pitAjI aura nagaraseTha ne apane hastAkSaroM se patra likhakara mujhe diye haiM. ve ye rhe| padmadeva ne una patroM ko pddh'aa| unameM kiJcita bhI krodha kI vAta nahIM thii| pratyuta snehapUrNa zabdoM se bhare huye the| taraMgavatI sItAjI ke mandira meM baiTha gaI aura padmadeva gA~va meM gyaa| vahA~ kitane hI sipAhI logoM ke sAtha eka azvArohI sAmane milaa| vaha padmadeva ko dekhate hI nIce utara par3A aura praNAma kara bolA'seThajI? maiMne Apake yahA~ bahuta dina naukarI kI hai|' padmadeva bhI use pahacAna gayA aura paraspara milakara pUchA-'tuma yahA~ kahA~ ?' usane uttara diyA-'prAtaH hote hI nagaraseTha ke ghara meM patA cala gayA ki putrI nahIM dikhAI detii| ataH khoja kI gii| sArasikA ne pUrva bhava se lekara tuma donoM ke palAyana kara jAne ke vicAra paryanta sArI bAta khii| taraMgavatI kI mAtA to usI samaya se rone lgii| nagaraseTha Apake pitAjo ke pAsa aaye| unhoMne namratApUrvaka kahA-mere kaThora zabdoM se Apako jo kaSTa huA. usake lie kSamAprArthI huuN| Apake putra kI khoja karAveM, use kiJcita bhI bhaya kA kAraNa nhiiN| vaha bicArA paradeza meM kahA~ bhaTakegA? yaha kahakara unhoMne sArasikA kI batalAI huI sArI bAtoM se avagata kraayaa| isa vRtAnta se saba ke hRdaya bhara aaye| prAtaHkAla hote hI sAre nagara meM bAta phaila gaI ki nagaraseTha kI putrI va padmadeva ko pUrva bhava yAda AyA hai aura ve donoM nikala gae haiN| usa samaya Apake pitA aura nagaraseTha ne donoM kI khoja ke lie bahuta se vyakti daudd'aae| maiM bhI unhIM padAdeva taraMgavatI ke pAsa AyA aura sArA vRttAnta kahA / azvArohI ne padmadeva ke hAtha sUje hue dekha usakA kAraNa pUchA to usane sArI AtmakathA kaha sunAyI / phira usa gAMva meM eka brAhmaNa ke ghara gae jahA~ padmadeva aura taraMgavatI ne acchI prakAra se bhojana kiyaa| phira sabhI ghara kI ora jAne ke lie nikala par3e / donoM ke liye ghor3e taiyAra the, savAra ho ge| pahale praNAzaka nagara kI ora cle| yaha nagara tamasA aura gaMgAjI ke sundara saMgama para basA huA thA / ve eka paricita snehI ke yahA~ utare, usane donoM ko garama jala se snAna karavAyA, tela abhyaMgAdi karAye aura acchI taraha bhojana karAyA / phira ArAma pUrvaka sokara thakAvaTa utaarii| azvArohI ne kauzAmbI samAcAra bheja diyA ki donoM mila gaye haiM aura thor3e samaya meM phuNceNge| yahA~ Avazyaka ArAma karane ke pazcAt unhoMne calane kI taiyArI kii| taraMgavatI ratha meM baiThI. padmadeva usake pIche azvArUr3ha hokara calA / donoM ora khoja ke lie Aye hue sipAhI loga calane lge| gA~va meM se yaha maNDalI nikalI to saba loga ThATha dekhakara cakita ho ge| gAMva se bAhara Akara padmadeva bhI ghor3e se utara kara ratha meM baiTha gyaa| ve loga dhAna ke hare-bhare kheta. mArga ke vizrAma-cautare aura pAnI kI prapAe~ dekhate hue vAsAlika gA~va aaye| prabhu mahAvIra kevalajJAna prApti se pUrva chadramasthAvasthA meM eka vaTavRkSa ke nIce rahe the, isIse isakA nAma vAsAlika par3A thaa| ina donoM ne isa [163

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AnA hotA / ve kabhI eka dUsare se alaga nahIM hote| unake snehapUrNa saMsAra ko dekhakara cAhe jisako bhI sahaja madhura IrSA A jAtI / pavitra vaTavRkSa kI pradakSiNA dekara darzana vandana kiyaa| phira Age calate hue zAkhAMjanA nagara meM Aye, yahA~ ina logoM kA bar3A satkAra huaa| prAtaHkAla vahA~ se ravAnA hokara madhyAhna meM kauzAmbI ke nikaTa A phuNce| eka vizAla vaTavRkSa ke nIce donoM ke pArivArika jana aura mitra laga Akara khar3e the, saba logoM ne inakA svAgata kiyA / taraMgavatI yahA~ se ghor3e para baiTha gaI / usake pIharU sArasikA Adi sakhiyA~ va pIche-pIche savAra cale / padmadeva bhI apane azvArohI mitroM ke sAtha dUsarI ora calA / nagara meM unake svAgatArtha toraNa baMdhe the. dhvajApatAkAeM lagI thI: dekhane ke liye janatA ekatrita thii| nagara praveza ke samaya koI aMgulI nirdeza se batAne lage ki vaha pUrva bhava kA cakravAka hai aura vaha nagaraseTha ke yahA~ avatarita cakravAkI hai / ahA ! kyA donoM kA svarUpa hai, donoM kI eka sarIkhI jor3I hai| isa prakAra nAgarika janoM kA vArtAlApa sunate hue ve padmadeva ke ghara aaye| vahA~ abhinandana satkAra karane ke hetu AtmIya, sage-sambandhI ekatra hue the / donoM ne bar3oM ke caraNoM meM namaskAra kiyA / unhoMne donoM ko eka Asana para baiThAkara AmUla-cUla se vRtAnta pUchA / padmadeva ne pUrva-bhava kI sArI bAta khii| yaha sunakara nagaraseTha ne kahA-'tumane pahale hI yaha saba kyoM nahIM kahA ? tumheM saMkaTa bhI nahIM par3atA aura pazcAttApa bhI nahIM hotA / yaha bAta jJAta hone para koI kabhI bhI asvIkAra kara sakatA hai ? eka vAra vasanta Rtu Ane para donoM krIr3A karane ke liye vana meM gae / vahA~ eka vRkSa ke nIce dhyAnastha baiThe eka mahAtmA ko dekhA / taraMgavatI aura pada madeva unheM namaskAra karake sanmukha baitthe| mahAtmA ne dharmalAbha diyA aura bar3I khUbI ke sAtha dharma siddhAntoM kA upadeza diyA jise sunakara donoM ko bar3A Ananda huA / padmadeva ne zraddhApUrvaka namaskAra kara kahA-'munirAja / Apane aise uttama jIvana kI sAdhanA kaise svIkAra kI kRpA kara batalAyeM aura yaha jAnane kI utkaNThA ke liye kSamA kreN| mahAtmA ne kahA-'campAnagarI kI rAjya sImA para eka bIhar3a jaMgala thA. jahA~ bhaiMse, sA~pa, cIla tathA jaMgalI hAthI bhI bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM rahate the| vahA~ zikArI bhI bahuta rahate the jo dina bhara jaMgala meM zikAra kara apanI udara-pUrti karate the / maiM bhI apane pUrva-bhava meM usI jaMgala meM eka pAradhI thaa| mujhe hAthI kA zikAra karane meM bar3A Ananda AtA / dinabhara mujhe jaMgala meM ghamanA bhI priya lagatA / vANa-vidyA meM maiM bejor3a kahalAtA thA jisase mujhe loga 'siddhavANa' nAma se pahacAnate the / mere mAtA-pitA bhI bar3e hoziyAra pAradhI the jisase ve vyAdharAja nAma se pahacAne jaate| merI mAtA kA nAma vanasundarI thA / eka bAra maiMne hAthI para tIra pheMkA to mere pitA ne kahA-beTA ! apane kula kA jo AcAra hai, vaha suno! jo hAthI dala kA nAyaka ho aura prajA utpanna kara sakane vAlA ho, use kabhI mata mAranA / jo bacce ko lekara jAtI ho usa hathinI ko bhI nahIM mAranA / usI prakAra jo hAthI kA baccA stanapAna karatA ho. use bhI nahIM mAranA / hAthI-hathinI krIr3A karate hoM unheM phira sabhI apane-apane ghara gae aura donoM ke vivAhakI taiyAriyA~ huI / bar3e hI samAroha pUrvaka donoM kA vidhivat vivAha sampanna huA, kauzAmbI meM aisA vivAhotsava kabhI nahIM huA thA / donoM atyanta snehapUrvaka rahane lge| sAtha hI khAnApInA, sAtha hI nahAnA, sAtha hI ghamanA. sAtha hI jAnA 164 ]

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naSTa kara detA hai / maiM zanaiH zanaiH corI karane lagA aura lUTa khasoTa se bhI dhana prApta karane lgaa| mere isa noca kArya se mere mAtA-pitA kA bhI mastaka jhuka gayA / eka rAtri meM corI karane nikalA kintu logoM ko patA laga gyaa| mujhe pakar3ane lage to maiM nikaTavartI jaMgala meM prANa vacAkara bhAga gayA / vindhyAcala kA yaha jaMgala zikAra se bharapUra thA / usameM luTere bhI bahuta se rahate the| maiM calate-calate eka guphA ke sanmukha A phuNcaa| vahA~ sazastra paharA thA / yaha siMha-guphA nAmaka DAkuoM kI guphA thii| ve vyApArI evaM vanajAroM ko lUTa kara Ananda karate the / jahA~ taka hotA ve brAhmaNa, zramaNa, strI, rogI aura bAlaka ko nahIM satAte the / mai isa giroha meM milakara DAkU bana gayA / / bhI nahIM mAranA / koI bhI nara-mAdA jor3A krIr3A karatA ho use nahIM mAranA / jo ina niyamoM ko tor3atA hai usakA nAza ho jAtA hai, isa bAta ko avazya dhyAna meM rkhnaa| 'merA vivAha usI jaMgala meM nivAsa karane vAle eka pAradhI kI rUpavatI kanyA ke sAtha huA thA jisase merA saMsAra vahuta sukhI thA / 'ekavAra maiM dhanuSa-vANa lekara hAthI kI khoja meM niklaa| bahuta bhaTakane para bhI eka bhI hAthI hamAre jaMgala meM dRSTigocara nahIM huA jisase maiM usakI khoja meM TheTha gaMgAtaTa taka jA phuNcaa| vahA~ eka hAthI ko maiMne gaMgAtaTa para jalapAna karane AyA huA dekhaa| maiMne tara phaiMkA para vaha nizAnA cUka kara kucha U~cA calA gayA aura vRkSa para baiThe cakravAka yugala se cakravAka ko jA lagA / cakravAka turaMta ghAyala hokara bhUmi para A girA aura cakravAkI bhayaMkara cItkAra karatI huI havA meM ur3ane lgii| 'jaba maiMne nikaTa Akara dekhA to mujhe apAra duHkha huaa| ajJAnatA vaza merA niyama bhaMga ho gyaa| phira maiMne vana meM se kASTha ekatra kara usakA agnisaMskAra kiyaa| abhI maiM thor3I hI dUra gayA thA ki cakravAkIbhI usa citA meM Akara dagdha ho gii| yaha dekhakara mujhe bar3A pazcAtApa huaa| he jIva ! jo kArya kabhI nahIM kiyA aura Aja isa prakAra kuja-dharma kA lopa kiyA aura ina vecAre pakSiyoM ke jor3e ko naSTa kara diyaa| yaha pazcAttApa karate-karate mujhe apane pApI jIvana se ghRNA ho gayI aura maiMne bhI usI citA meM apane ko agnizaraNa kara diyaa| apanI isa jIvana-zuddhi se mai naraka meM na jAkara kAzI meM eka seTha ke yahA~ putra rUpa meM utpanna huA / merA nAma rUdrayazas rakhA gayA / maiM samasta kalAoM kA abhyAsa kara niSNAta huA para mujhe bAlyakAla se hI jue kA duvryasana laga gyaa| juA eka aisA bhayaMkara durgaNa hai jo samasta sadguNoM ko 'hamArA saradAra bhAlA calAne meM bar3A niSNAta thaa| vaha mallapriya nAma se prasiddha thaa| vizeSataH dhanavAnoM ko vaha bahuta staataa| maiMne usake tatvAvadhAna meM aneka DAkoM meM bhAga liyA thaa| mere zaurya ke kAraNa sArI maMDalI meM merA bar3A nAma thaa| aura maiM saradAra kA vizvAsI aMgarakSaka bana gayA / eka bAra hamArA giroha lUTa karane ke lie nikalA aura vaha eka taruNa jor3I ko ghera kara le AyA / unakA lAvaNya dekha kara kAlImAtA kI prArthanA karane lage aura saradAra ne unheM dekhakara kAlImAtA ko bhoga car3hAne kA nirNaya kiyaa| usane mujhe ekAnta meM bulAkara kahA ki isa navamI ke dina isa jor3I ko kAlImAtA ke bhoga car3hAnA hai ataH tuma barAbara ina para najara rakhanA / maiM usa jor3e ko eka ghara meM le gayA, vahA~ puruSa ko staMbha se kasa kara bAMdha diyA / yaha dekhakara usakI strI karuNa cItkAra kara rudana karane lgii| jisase anya kaidI striyoM ko bhI dayA A gaI aura ve jhuNDa kI jhuNDa milakara usase pUchane lagIM ki tuma kahA~ se Aye aura ina luTeroM ke hAtha kaise par3a ge| [165

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'usa strI ne azrupUrNa netroM se kahA hama kisI samaya gaMgAtaTa para cakravAka pakSI the aura Ananda se jIvana bitAte the / eka bAra eka zikArI ne Akara hAthI para zarasaMdhAna kiyA para vaha mere pati ko lagA jisase ve mRtyu prApta hue, maiM bhI unake sAtha jalakara mara gii| ve kauzAmbI ke eka seTha ke yahA~ putra rUpa meM aura maiM nagaraseTha ke yahA~ putrI rUpa meM jnmii| citroM ke mAdhyama se hamane eka dUsare ko pahacAna nikaalaa| inhoMne merA mAMgA bhejA para mere pitA dvArA ThukarA dene para eka dAsI ko maiM inake pAsa bhejI aura aMdherI rAtri meM maiM inake pAsa phuNcii| mAtA-pitA ke bhaya se hama eka naukA meM baiThakara nikala par3e aura gaMgA nadI ke taTa para ina luTeroM ke hAtha pakar3e ge| 'yaha vAta usane khUba ro-rokara sunAI thii| jise sunakara maiM to behoza ho gayA aura mujhe apane pUrva bhava kI bAta smaraNa ho AI / maiM sArI vastu sthiti samajha gayA jisase merA hRdaya dravita ho gayA / jinheM eka samaya nirdayatA se mAra DAlA thA unheM aba jIvitavya dAna dekara badalA cukA dene kA nizcaya kiyaa| puruSa ko bandhana mukta kara pichalI rAtri meM gupta mArga dvArA jaMgala se bAhara chor3a aayaa| aba maiM apane giroha kA aparAdhI ho gayA thA ataH vApasa vahAM na lauTakara maiM uttara dizA kI ora calA gayA / merA mana aba sAMsArika bhoga aura usake hetu pApa kArya karane se virakta ho gyaa| ataH maiMne saMnyAsa dhAraNa kara liyaa| darzanArtha ekatra hue haiN| yaha suna kara maiM bhI vahAM bhakti bhAva se natamastaka ho gyaa| usa samaya vahAM nikaTa hI eka mahAtmA dhyAnastha baiThe the, maiMne unakI caraNa vandanA kara karabaddha prArthanA kI-bhagavan ! maiM isa saMsAra samudra ko pAra karane ke lie ApakA ziSya honA cAhatA hU~, / kRpA kara mujhe apanA ziSya banAiye ! usa mahAtmA ne kahA-AjIvana sAdhu dharma pAlana karanA kaThina hai, ataH acchI taraha vicAra kro| kintu maiMne AgrahapUrvaka unase anurodha kiyA to unhoMne mujhe dIkSA de dii| maiM ne dhIredhIre sAdhu-jIvana ke samasta niyama aura AcArAMga Adi sUtra kA abhyAsa kara gyaa| bAraha varSa paryanta isa prakAra svAdhyAya meM rahane se mujhe jagata ke svarUpa kA jJAna ho gayA aura aba maiM Atma-dhyAna karatA huA logoM ko dharmopadeza detA vicaraNa karatA huuN|' taraMgavatI aura padgamadeva ko yaha bAta sunakara svayaM anubhava kiyA huA duHkha tAjA ho gayA / ve vicArane lage ki ye mahApuruSa hamAre liye viSa aura amRta jaise pramANita hue the kintu Aja inhoMne apanI AtmA para vijaya prApta kI hai aura hama abhI taka vaisA nahIM kara sake, ataH aba isa bhoga-vilAsa se dUra honA caahie| unhoMne munirAja ko mastaka namAkara kahA- 'jo cakravAka yugala mAnava rUpa meM Apake hAtha se vacA, ve hama haiN| Apane hameM duHkha se ubArA vaise hI janma-maraNa se bhare hue saMsAra se bhI ubAreM! hameM sAdhu jIvana kI pavitra dIkSA deN|' munivara ne kahA-'mahAnubhAvoM ! Atmabala vAloM ke lie kucha bhI azakya nahIM haiN| jahAM taka tumhArI indriyA~ kAma detI haiM vahAM taka tyAga-tapazcaryA kA samyaka ArAdhana kara apanI AtmA ko ujjvala bnaao|' yaha sunakara usI kSaNa padmadeva evaM taraMgavatI ne apanA zRMgAra utAra DAlA aura dAsa-dAsI ko sauMpa kara kahA-'ye AbhUSaNa hamAre mAtA-pitA ko saMbhalAkara dete hue kaha denA ki ve janma-maraNa se virakta hokara pavitratA ke patha para ArUr3ha eka bAra maiM bhramaNa karatA huA purimatAla nagara jA phuNcaa| vahAM eka atyanta sundara vaTavRkSa ke pAsa logoM kI bhIr3a dekhakara maiMne pUchA ki yahAM itane sAre loga kyoM ikaTThe hue haiN| logoM ne mujhe paradezI jAnakara batalAyA ki prAcInakAla meM zrI RSabhadeva nAmaka eka mahApuruSa hue the jinheM isa vaTavRkSa ke nIce kevalajJAna prApta huA thaa| jisase yaha pavitra tIrtha kahalAtA hai / sabhI loga isake 156 ]

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ho gaye haiM / hamArA jo bhI aparAdha huA ho, kSamA kareM / ' dAsa-dAsI yaha sunakara ro par3e aura kahane lage'hamAre jIvana ke Apa hI AdhAra haiM, hameM nirAdhAra karake kyoM jA rahe haiM ? kRpAlu ! kRpA karo / kintu unakA mana aba moha ke pravAha meM punaH pravAhita hone vAlA nahIM thaa| unhoMne munirAja kI ora muMha karake apane hAtha se hI apanA phreza luMcana kara liyaa| munirAja ne unheM yAvajjIva kA vrata uccAraNa karAyA--sAdhu jIvana kI dIkSA dii| jaba unake mAtA-pitAne yaha bAta sunI to ve tathA anya snehI svajana parijana bhI vahAM A pahu~ce / padmadevake mAtA-pitA jora-jora se rone lage / RSabhasena seTha dhArmika vRtti vAle hone se apane ko saMyamita rakha sake the| sabhI aisA kahane lage ki abhI tumalogoM ne alpAvasthA meM yaha kyA kiyA ? kintu dRr3ha mana vAle donoM ne uttara diyA ki 'aba sAMsArika sukhoM se hamArA mana virakta ho gayA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke batalAe hue pavitra saMyamI jIvana mArga para calakara apanA Atma-kalyANa karanA cAhate haiM / Apa saba kA kalyANa ho / ' taraMgavatI mahAsatI caMdanavAlA kI hI praziSyA thii| saMyama aura tapazcaryA meM masta hokara usane apanI AtmA ko nirmala banAyA aura grAmAnugrAma vicaraNakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA ahiMsA dharma sandeza sarvatra pracArita kiyA / mUla lekhaka zatAvadhAnI paM0 dhIraja lAla zAha gujarAtI se anudita / [ 160

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azvoM kA dAna tathA savA karor3a dravya vyaya karake padotsava karAne kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / isake atirikta aura bhI bahuta se kAvya evaM paTTAvaliyoM meM begar3agaccha ke utkarSa kA vizada, ullekha pAyA jAtA hai / osavAloM meM vegar3a gotra bhI isI kAraNa prasiddha huA aura aba bhI vidyamAna hai| kahA jAtA hai ki zAha khemA dedarANI bhI isI samaya huA aura usane sulatAna muhammada begar3A ko pracura dravya dekara duSkAla ke eka varSa kA vyaya vahana kara mahAjanoM kA "zAha" viruda kAyama rakhakara akSaNNa yaza upArjana kiyA thaa| isI bAdazAha muhammada begar3A ke samaya meM devacanda va amIcanda nAma ke do taruNa jaina mitra hue jinakI kahAnI-itivRtta kaccha ke jJAnamaNDAra ke eka vRhat kathA-koza se yahA~ prastuta kI jA rahI haiisameM do mitroM kI mitratA nirvAha ke sAtha-sAtha devacanda aura vajIra putrI rUpasundarI kA udAtta carita avazya ho bhAratIya saMskRti ko gauravAnvita karane vAlA hai| kasauTI [ aitihAsika zIla kathA ] ahamadAbAda meM sulatAna muhammada begar3A rAjya karatA thA / gujarAta meM jaina dharma kA prabhAva bar3hA-car3hA hone se vahA~ ke zAsaka bhI apekSAkRta komala, udAra aura sahiSNu vRtti vAle ho gaye the / muhammada begar3A ne sAmAnya upAdhyAya ko AcArya pada dekara gacchAcArya zrI jinezvarasari banAyA arthAt usane svayaM pada-sthApanA karAke apane nAma se begar3A virUdra diyA jisase kharataragaccha kI begar3a zAkhA prasiddha huIM / nimnokta padya isa viSaya kA jJAtavya dete haiM ki - parato pUrayo khAna ne. aNahilavAr3ai mAhi ho| mahAjana baMdi muMkAvIyo, melyo saMgha uchAhi ho | snnaa|| rAjanayara nai pAMguracA. pratibadhyA mahamada ho| pad ThavaNo paragaTa kiyo, dukha durajana gayA radda ho ||sa07|| sIMgar3a sIMga badhAriyA, ati U~cA asamAna ho / dhIMgar3a bhAI pAMca sai, ghor3A dIdhA dAna ho |s0||8|| savA kor3i dhana kharacIyo, harakhyo mahamada sAhi ho| viruda diyo vegar3a taNo, pragaTa thayo jaga mAMhi ho |s0||9|| [aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha ] isa kAvya meM sUrijI dvArA muhammada zAha begar3A ko pratibodha kiye jAne va apane bhrAtA dvArA pAMca sau ahamadAbAda meM muhammada begar3A bAdazAha rAjya karatA thaa| usake navalarAya nAmaka eka vajIra thA / vajIra navalarAya kI putrI rUpasundarI atyanta sundara va lAvaNyavatI thI, jo pAThazAlA meM par3hatI thii| usI nagara ke adhivAsI do vyApAriyoM ke putra, devacanda va amI. canda bhI usI pAThazAlA meM par3hate the| pratidina ke paricaya prasaMga se kitane hI arase vAda vajIra kI putrI rUpasundaro aura devacanda meM paraspara dRr3ha proti ho gii| una donoM meM paraspara itanA prema thA ki eka dUsare ko vinA dekhe ghar3I bhara bhI rahanA kaThina thaa| donoM kA adhyayana zeSa hone para jaba pAThazAlA chor3ane kA samaya AyA to rUpasundarI ne devacanda se kahA, "apanI par3hAI to zeSa ho gaI, hama aba kaise mila sakeMge?" devacanda ne rUpasundarI se kahA, "isakI tanika bhI cintA mata karo, maiM pratidina rAtri ke samaya tumhAre mahala meM AyA kruuNgaa|" rUpasundarI saMtuSTa hokara apane ghara AI aura 168]

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devacanda, amIcanda donoM mitra bhI paNDita se chuTTI pAkara apane-apane ghara A ge| "yaha merA putra hai|" nakAbapoza bAdazAha ne kahA, "yaha bAdazAha kA aparAdhI hai. ise rAta bhara apane ghara meM rakho, maiM prAtaHkAla ise bAdazAha ke sammukha upasthita kruuNgaa|" devacanda ke pitA ne kahA, "hamane ise ghara se bAhara nikAla diyA hai, tumhAre jo jaMce so kro|" aba rAtri ke samaya devacanda kA vajIra kI putrI rUpasundarI ke mahala meM jAne kA nityakrama ho gyaa| rUpasundarI ne eka DorI kI nisaraNI banA rakhI thI jisa ke avalaMbana se devacanda mahala meM nirApada pahu~ca jAtA aura apane liye bichAye hue Asana para jAkara baiTha jaataa| rUpasundarI apane prANapriya mitra ke sAtha rAta bhara zAstra-carcA karatI jisase una donoM ke adhyayana kI punarAvRti hone ke sAtha-sAtha buddhi bhI vikasita hotI jAtI thii| ve paraspara dUhA, gUDhA. gAhA, chanda. hIyAlI, prazna-prahelikA, antalApikA, bahirlApikA Adi kI pRcchA dvArA rAtri vyatIta karate aura jaba cAra-pA~ca ghar3I rAta rahatI to devacanda apane ghara Akara so jaataa| eka dina jyoMhI devacanda apane ghara se nikalakara vajIra ke ghara jA rahA thA tyohI saMyogavaza bAdazAha ne dekha liyA / bAdazAha kAlI nakAba dhAraNa kiye gazta lagA rahA thA aura usake hAtha meM dudhArI talavAra thii| usane socA. abhI AdhI rAta meM yaha kauna manuSya kahA~ jA rahA hai| isa bAta kA nirNaya karane ke liye vaha devacanda ke pIche-pIche ho gayA / devacanda ne jyoMhI vajIra kI putrI ke mahala meM jAne ke liye nisaraNI para pA~va rakhA bAdazAha ne usakA hAtha pakar3a liyA aura kar3e zabdoM meM pUchA. "tuma kauna ho?" devacanda ne kahA, "maiM cora yA jAra jo bhI kaho so huuN|" bAdazAha ne usakA hAtha pakar3e hue apane sAtha le liyaa| Age calakara bAdazAha ne devacanda se pUchA, "kyA tumhArA yahA~ koI sagA-sambandhI hai, jo tumheM rAta bhara kI jamAnata dekara rakha sake ?" devacanda ne kahA, "mere bhAI, mA~. bApa sabhI haiN|" aura bAdazAha ko apane ghara le AyA / pukArane para dvAra khola kara vApa nIce aayaa| bAdazAha ne pUchA "seTha! tumhArA yaha kyA lagatA hai ?" usane kahA, phira bAdazAha ne devacanda se pUchA, "aura koI jAmina ho to bolo!" devacanda use apane bhAI ke yahA~ le gayA, usane bhI pitA kI bhA~ti rUkhA uttara de diyA / bAdazAha ne kahA, "aura bhI koI ho to bolo|" devacanda ne kahA, "merA eka mitra hai. usake yahA~ caliye / " kahate hue usako apane mitra ke gRhadvAra para lAyA aura pukAra kara use uThAyA / mitra ke nIce Akara upasthita hone para bAdazAha ne pUchA, "yaha tumhArA kauna hai ?" amIcanda ne kahA-"yaha merA mitra hai. prANa hai. jIvana hai aura saba kucha hai / " bAdazAha ne kahA, "tuma ise rAta bhara kI jamAnata dekara rakhoge ?" amIcanda ne .. kahA, "isake liye merA mastaka hAjira hai / " yaha kaha kara amIcanda devacanda ko apane ghara meM le gyaa| bAdazAha ne usake ghara para pAna kA pIka DAlakara cinha kara diyA aura eka kinAre khar3A ho gayA / thor3I dera bAda devacanda mitra kI AjJA lekara ghara se bAhara nikala pdd'aa| bAdazAha use nikalate dekha tvarita gati se vajIra kI putrI ke mahala ke nIce jA pahuMcA aura nisaraNI para car3hakara mahala kI rA~sa ke barAmade meM jAkara kone meM chipa gayA / devacanda bhI thor3I dera meM nisaraNI ke dvArA mahala para jA car3hA / usane dekhA, dapaka kA prakAza manda par3a gayA hai aura rUpasundarI zokapUrNa mudrA meM galahatthA diye baiThI hai / usake azra pravAha se sArI aMgiyA bhIga gaI hai / use dIrgha niHzvAsa lete dekhakara devacanda ne khaMkhAra kiyA to rUpasundarI ekAeka harSollAsapUrvaka uTha khar3I huI aura usakA Agata-svAgata karane lgii| usane usase pUchA, "svAmina ! Aja Apako itanI dera kahA~ [ 169

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laga gaI ?" devacanda ne sArA kissA batAte hue kahA "maiM amIcanda se pUchakara tuma se milane hetu yahA~ AyA huuN| kala prAtaHkAla to na jAne bAdazAha mero kyA durgati karegA / " devacanda dvArA varNita sArI ghaTanA zravaNakara rUpasundarI atyanta cintita huI aura thor3I dera taka kucha socatI rhii| phira vaha karabaddha hokara kahane lago, "svAmin! itane dinoM taka hama donoM ne kisI bhI prakAra se lezamAtra maryAdA kA ullaMghana kiye binA pavitra prema ko nibhAyA hai / aura aba jaba ki antima samaya sannikaTa dikha rahA hai aisI sthiti meM mana kI hauMsa mana meM na raha jAya arthAt 'puhuMka paNa na khAdho ane hAtha paNa dAdhA' vAlI gujarAtI kahAvata caritArtha na ho jaay| isaliye yaha caraNoM kI dAsI prastuta hai aura AtmA ke sAtha yaha bhautika zarIra bhI jo vizuddha manaH saMkalpa se Apake zrI caraNoM meM samarpita hai, yathecchA upabhoga dvArA apano hA~sa pUrNa kareM / " - devacanda ne kahA, "priye rUpasundarI / paramAtmA ne Aja taka jo apano maryAdA ko surakSita rakhA hai to alpakAla ke liye kyoM isa mana, vacana aura kAyA ko apavitra kiyA jAya ? yadi hama donoM kA prema saccA hai to avazya hI Age calakara paramezvara bhavAntara meM apanA milApa kraavegaa| phira bhI tuma itanA kAma karanA ki jaba mujhe zUlI dene ke lie bAhara le jAyA jAya, tuma vahA~ avazya upasthita rahanA / " rUpasundarI ne kahA, "svAmina meM vahA~ nissaMdeha AUMgI, para Apa mujhe pahacAneMge kaise ? hajAroM kI bhIr3a ke bIca khojanA bhI to kaThina hogA / " devacanda ne kahA, "yaha saMketa to tumhIM btaao|" rUpasundarI ne kahA, "maiM puruSa ke veSa meM kAle svAMga meM Akara upasthita houuNgii|" depacanda ne kahA. "bahuta 170 ] acchA, dhairya aura sAhasa hI hamArA saMbala hai|" kahanA na hogA ki bAdazAha svayaM isI mahala ke kone meM chipA chipA sArI bAteM suna rahA thaa| vaha sA~sa roke isa premI yugala ko isa ekAnta mahala ko isa taruNa avasthA ko isa AkarSaka rUpa-rAzi ko, isa rAtri ke . samaya ko aura paraspara ekAMgI prIti saba kucha dekha rahA thA, phira bhI apanI maryAdA ko akSuNNa rakhanA, kAjala kI koTharI meM nitya rahate hue bhI kAlI rekhA na lagAnA / dhanyavAdAha haiM ye ! devacanda vastutaH manuSya nahIM deva hI hai. are ye to vedAga hIre haiM / kahA~ hamArI haivAnI saMskRti aura kahA~ isa AryAvarta kI pAvana saMskRti vastutaH jaisA maiMne guru mahArAja zrojinezvarasUrijI se dharma kA svarUpa sunA prasaMgavaza vijayakumAra aura vijayA kA jo atItakAlIna dRSTAnta sunA, Aja isa taruNa yugala meM vaha bhAvanA sAkAra rUpa meM dRSTigocara ho rahI hai / satya ho aisI alakika saMtAna ke kAraNa hI binA thaMbhe ke AkAza khar3A hai tathA sUrya, candra, pRthvI aura samudra apanI maryAdA ko nibhAte hue cala rahe haiN| isa prakAra mana hI mana donoM kI prazaMsA karate hue bAdazAha vajIra kI havelI se nIce utara gayA aura rUpasundarI kI phira parIkSA karane kA kAryakrama socatA huA apane mahaloM meM calA gyaa| devacanda ne rUpasundarI se vidA mA~gate hue kahA "AtAM tathA juhAra, valato taNAM vadhAmaNA deva taNA vivahAra milasuM ke milasuM nahIM / ' yaha dohA kaha kara devacanda bhI rUpasundarI ke mahala se utara kara apane priya mitra amIcanda ke ghara Akara nizcinta so gayA / prAtaH kAla hote hI bAdazAha apanI rAjasabhA meM Akara takhta para AsIna ho gayA aura ahalakAra ko AjJA dI ki vaha amIcanda ke pIka cinhita ghara se

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devacanda ko turanta lAkara upasthita kare / rAjapuruSa ne amIcanda ke yahA~ Akara pukArA / amIcanda khir3akI ke Age baiThA huA dAtauna kara rahA thaa| devacanda ko upasthita karane kI rAjAjJA sunakara amIcanda turanta uThA aura devacanda ke sthAna para svayaM usake sAtha cala pdd'aa| amIcanda kI strI ne devacanda ko uThAkara kahA ki "tumhAre bhAI ko rAjapuruSa bulAkara le gayA hai|" devacanda yaha sunate hI har3abar3Akara uThA aura daur3a kara amIcaMda ke pAsa jA pahu~cA / vaha rAjapuruSoM se kahane lagA, "are| tumaloga kise le jA rahe ho? devacanda to maiM huuN|" amIcanda ne kahA, "nahIM, nahIM. devacanda maiM hI huuN|" isa prakAra kitanI dera taka donoM kA vivAda dekhakara rAjapuruSoM ne kahA, 'bhAI, vahA~ kauna-se laDDa ba~Tate haiM ? tuma donoM meM jo devacanda ho vahI hamAre sAtha cle|" devacanda ne bar3e hI haTha aura anunaya-vinayapUrvaka amIcaMda ko apane ghara vApasa bhejA aura devacanda rAjapuruSoM ke sAtha bAdazAha ke pAsa AyA / ziropAva ma~gAyA aura devacanda ko nahalAkara sAta bAra sunahare ziropAva phnaayaa| isake bAda usako hAthI para baiThAkara paMca zabda, vAjiva bajAte hue apanI rAja kacaharI meM lAyA / bAdazAha siMhAsanArUr3ha huA aura devacanda ko apanI goda meM baiThAkara vajIra se kahA, "are navalarAya / tumhArI rUpasundarI aura mere isa putra devacanda kI jor3I uttama hai. ataH inakA paraspara vivAha ho jAnA caahie|" vajIra ne kahA, "bAdazAha salAmata kI AjJA zirodhArya hai / aisA avazya kreN|" ___ bAdazAha ne jyotiSiyoM ko bulAkara tatkAla vivAhalagna nikAlA aura usI dina donoM kA vivAha kara ke unheM sAtamaMjilA mahala dekara usameM rakhA / pANigrahaNa ke pazcAt hathalevA chur3Ane ke avasara para bAraha gA~voM sahita dholakA nagara diyA / kahanA nahIM hogA ki bAdazAha ne vivAha vidhi Arya-saMskRti ke anusAra hI kI thii| dUsare dina prAtaHkAla hote hI bAdazAha ne devacanda ke bhAI va pitA ko bulAkara unheM atyanta tiraskRta karate hue kahA--"chorU hoya te kachorU thAI paNa mAvItra kumAvItra na thAye ataH tuma loga mere nagara meM rahane yogya nahIM ho / " unheM nagara se nirvAsita karake bAdazAha ne devacanda ke mitra amIcanda ko bulAyA aura usakI mitratA ko dhanya dhanya kahakara bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA karate hue puraskAra pUrvaka usake ghara pahuMcAyA / devacanda aura amIcanda akhaNDa prIti pAlana kara sukhI hue / bAdazAha ne vajIra kI putrI kA sneha dekhane ke lie kotavAla ko bulA kara usake kAna meM kahA, "ise haragija mAranA nahIM, para gadahe para baiThAkara vajIra ke ghara ke nIce se nikAlate hue pUrvI daravAje se gujrnaa|" kotavAla zAhI AjJAnusAra devacanda ko gadahe para car3hAkara pUrvI daravAje para le gyaa| bAdazAha svayaM vajIra ko sAtha lekara zikAra ke bahAne nikala par3A aura ghUmate-phirate pUrvI daravAje para A pahu~cA / bAdazAha ne vajIra se kahA. "are nvlraay| dekho to sahI, saba logoM se bhinna yaha kAle vastroM vAlA savAra kona hai ?" vajIra ne ghor3e kI bAga usa ora kii| bAdazAha aura vajIra ko apane nikaTa Ate dekhakara zyAma vastradhArI savAra rUpasundarI camakI aura tatkAla ghor3e ko modd'aa| vajIra ne bhI sAmane Akara putrI ko pahicAnA aura bAdazAha se kahA, "yaha to hujUra kI pharajanda hai / " bAdazAha ne prasanna hokara mitra devacanda, amIcanda aura rUpasundarI tInoM apanI parIkSA kI kasauTI para khare utare / musalamAna zAsaka muhammada begar3A kI zAsana paddhati aura vizAla hRdayatA bhI sarAhanIya thI / vAsanA rahita saccA prema, zIla kA Adarza aura mAnavIya zreSTha guNoM se otaprota isa aitihAsika vRttAnta kA hArda hai / AcArya jinezvarasUri ke upadeza isakI pRSThabhUmi meM virAjamAna haiM / [ 171

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gaI hai usakA artha Age pIche ke sandarbha ko dekhate hue peDhI kI sthApanA nahIM hotA kintu jIrNoddhArAdi kArya ko kArIgara loga ThIka taraha se kara sakeM aisI suvidhA hotA hai| isameM siddhAcala upare zabda kA anusaMdhAna karane para yaha artha dhvanita hotA hai|" (7) "vi0 saM0 1787 pUrva peDhI ahamadAbAda meM thI isakA sabUta pAlItAne kI bahI-khAte meM milA hai|" AnaMdajo kalyAjI peDhI ke saMsthApaka zrImad devacandrajI mahArAja the zvetAmbara jaina samAja kI pratinidhi samRddha peDhI anajI kalyAgajI kA nAma sarva vizruta hai| yaha peDhI DhAI sau varSoM se kramazaH unnati karatI huI jo sevA kara rahI hai vaha avazya hI samAja ke lie gaurava kA viSaya hai| isake sarvAGgINa itihAsa kA samyak jJAna karAne vAlI pustaka kA abhAva barAbara khaTakatA thaa| abhI vizruta vidvAna zrI ratilAla dIpacaMda desAI ke sampA. dakatva meM prakAzita 'seTha AnaMdajI kalyANajInI peDhI no itihAsa' kA prathama bhAga prakAza meM AyA hai jisameM peDhI kI garinA ke sAtha-sAtha choTI-moTI aneka ghaTanAoM para zodhapUrNa prakAza DAlA gayA hai| ve jaba isa pustaka ko likha rahe the to hamalogoM ne unheM isa peDhI kI saMsthApanA zrImad devacandrajI mahArAja dvArA hone kI sUcanA dI thI jise unhoMne amAnya karate hue mujhe tA0 21-10-80 ke patra meM isa prakAra likhA ki (5) "devavilAsa (aitihAsika jaina-kAvya saMgraha, pR0281) meM pUjya devacaMdrajI mahArAja kI preraNA se siddhAcala ke Upara kArakhAnA banane kI jo bAta likhI maiMne vicAra kiyA ki yahI samaya to zrImada devacandrajI mahArAja ke zabaMjaya tIrthoddhAra kA kAryakAla hai| zilAlekha, peDhI ke khAtA-bahI, stavanAdi anya pramANoM se vizvasta hokara sampAdaka mahodaya sahI itihAsa svIkAra kara likha deMge kyoMki usa samaya zrImad devacandrajI mahArAja hI ekamAtra aise sarvocca jJAnI, sarvagacchamAnya, yugapradhAna kalpa mahApuruSa the jinhoMne apanI 30 varSa kI Ayu meM adabhuta jJAna dazAprApta kI aura rAjasthAna se gujarAta padhAra kara apanI samasta Ayu gujarAta meM bitaayii| arthAt saM0 1777 se saM01812 taka za@jaya tIrthoddhAra ke lie upadeza dete hue pATaga, ahamadAbAda, khaMbhAta. sUrata. dhrAMgadhrA, rAdhanapura. lIMbar3I, baDhavANa, bhAvanagara, navAnagara (jAmanagara ). paradharI, cUr3A Adi gujarAta ke vividha sthAnoM meM vicaraNa kara adhyAtma-jJAna kA pracAra kiyaa| mUrtipUjA ke virodhI daMDhakamata ke phailate hue pracAra ko roka kara banda par3e mandiroM meM pUjA prArambha krvaayii| naye mandiroM kA nirmANa evaM purAnoM kA jIrNoddhAra evaM sAra-saMbhAla ke sAtha vahA~ kI janatA ko mUrtipUjA svIkAra karAke sanmArga meM car3hAkara upakRta kiyaa| isI bIca zatrujaya ke jIrNoddhAra kA kArya satat cAlU rhaa| Apane upadezoM dvArA prerita karate hue aneka bAra za@jaya saMgha nikalavAye. guru mahArAja zrI dIpacandropAdhyAya aura ziSyamaNDalI sahita anekazaH pratiSThAe' kraaii| usa kAla meM unake sanakakSa AnevAlI eka bhI prabhAvazAlI pratibhA nahIM thI jinake upadeza se yaha mahAna kArya hotaa| 172 ]

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zvetAMbara samAja meM gurujanoM ke upadeza, preraNA aura AzIrvAda ke binA koI bhI kArya nahIM huA karatA / sAre samAja meM usa samaya unake jaisA vidvAna, upadeSTA aura vyaktitva vAlA Atma-labdhi sampanna anya koI nahIM thaa| ataH zrImad devacandrajI mahArAja dvArA peDhI kI sthApanA kA zreya svIkAra kareMge para vidvAna lekhaka ne aisA na kara mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgarajI ko tA0 8-7-83 ke patra meM unake tA0 30-5-83 ke uttara meM mujhe likhe hue uparyukta khulAse kA ullekha karate hue isa prakAra likhA 'devavilAsa ( pR0 281 ) mAM A pramANe lakhyaMchetIrtha mahAtmyanI prarUpaNA gurutaNI, sAMbhale zrAvaka janna / siddhAcala upara navanavA caityanI, jIrNoddhAra kare sudinna ||5|| kArakhAno tihAM siddhAcala upare maMDAvyoM mahAjanna / dravya kharacAye agaNita giri upare ulasita thAye re tanna // 6 // "A kar3I mAM zrI siddhAcala upara kArakhAnuM karAvyA nuM lakhyaM che teno artha evo samajavAno che ke jUnA mandiro nA jIrNoddhAra mATe tathA navA mandiro nuM nirmANa karavA mATe zilpio ane kArIgaro jyAM beso ne kAma karI zake evaM kArakhAnuM eTale chApa giriraja Upara u karavAmAM AvyaM eTale eno artha evo nathI thatI ke zrIzatruMjaya mahAtIrtha nI badhI vyavasthA saMbhAlI zake evI peDhI nI sthApanA karavA mAM AvI hatI jo AvI peDhI nI sthApanA no A bAta hota to te siddhAcala upara nahIM paNa, pAlItANA zahera mAM karavAmAM AvI hota A kar3o mAM no 'siddhAcala upara e zabdo khAsa mahatva no che, je A bhAvana sUcana kare the| "valI A graMtha nI zuruAta mAM aitihAsika sAra lakhyo che temAM ( pR0 A kar3I no je sAra nA~dhyo che tepaNa samarthana kare che, te A pramANe che kAvyoM kA 58 mA ) A bAta naM * vyAkhyAna meM Apane zatruMjaya tortha kI mahimA batalAI, isase zrAvakoM ne zatruMjaya para kArakhAnA sthApita kara navIna cetya aura jIrNodvAra karavAnA AraMbha kiyA / " "eTale 'deva vilAsa' mAM no A ubjekha trI zatruMjaya tIrtha no vahIvaTa saMbhAlI zake evI peDhInI sthApanA ne lagato nathI, e Apa samajhI zakazI" isa patra meM lekhaka mahodaya ne 'kArakhAnA' kA artha kArIgaroM ke kAma karane kA 'chaparA' kiyA hai, jabaki isa graMtha ke pR0 106 meM svayaM "te girirAja zrI zatruMjaya tIrtha no vahIvaTa saMbhAlatI pAlItAnA nI per3hI no arthAt kArakhAnA no che" "2 tIrtha sthAna no vahIvaTa saMbhAlatI peDhI ne zrI saMgha moTe bhAge, 'kArakhAnA' nA nAma thI olakhe che" zabdoM dvArA kArakhAnA, kAryAlaya yA peDhI eka hI artha ke dyotaka svIkAra kiyA hai| pR0 105 9 meM per3hI ke lie ATha bAra kArakhAnA zabda AyA hai| rAjasthAna meM bhI rAjya ke kaI kArakhAne hote the jinameM bIkAnera ke kile meM bar3A kArakhAnA ke Aphizara zAha nemacaMdajI kocara the jinase mahArAjA gaMgAsiMhajI ko bhI pahanane ke jevara Adi mA~gane par3ate the| ataH kArakhAne kA artha 'chaparA' karanA yaha lekhaka mahodaya kI hI vicitra sUjha-bUjha hai / peDhI meM prApta sarva prAcIna saM0 1777-78 ke copar3e haiM, tadanusAra vahAM kA nayA varSa ASAr3ha sudi 2 ( rathayAtrA ) se prAraMbha hotA hai jabaki gujarAta meM kArtika sudI 1 ko nayA saMvat hotA hai| saM0 1781 se 1784 ke copar3oM meM bhI AnaMdajI kalyANajI kA nAma nahIM milatA copar3oM ke anusAra saM0 1757 meM sarva prathama seTha AnaMdajI kalyANajI kA nAma dRSTigocara hotA hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai naM0 4 caupar3e ke samaya peThI kA nAmakaraNa nahIM huA thA jo bAda meM huaa| isa varSa bhI pAlItAnA kI bahiyoM meM "akAro [ 173

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kalyANa" rAjanagara aura ahamadAbAda peDhI kA khAtA hai| isI varSa copar3A naM0 7 meM AnaMdajI kalyANajI ke nAma jamA nAveM milatA hai| saMbhavataH peDhI kA nAma bhagavAna ke nAma para Arambha samAraMbha se bacane ke lie 'akAra' arthAt AdIzvara dAdA ke kalyANakArI sAMketika nAma diyA ho kyoMki 'akAroM kA nAma spaSTa artha bodhaka nahIM hai| kalyANa sukha rasa meM' pada karNagocara huA to bhaMDArIjI ne sujhAva diyA ki peDhI kA nAma yahI rakhA jAya / gujarAta ke sUbedAra zrI bhaMDArI jI dvArA peDhI kA nAmakaraNa sunakara unake pradhAna zrI ANaMdarAma zAha ko usameM apanA nAma Ate dekhakara bar3I prasannatA huii| saMgha ne peDhI kA nAma 'AnaMdajI kalyANajI prasiddha kara diyA / zrI AnaMdajI kalyANajI nAmakaraNa ke lie jo janazruti gItArtha sthaviroM ke mukha se mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgarajI ne sunI thI vaha isa prakAra hai ahamadAbAda meM jodhapura ke zrI ratanasiMha maMDArI sUvedAra the| usa samaya ahamadAbAda ke eka tatvajJa seTha zAha ANaMdarAma jI DhuMDhiyoM ke cakkara meM the, zrImad devacandrajI mahArAja ke pAsa Akara tatvacarcA kiyA karate the| ve guru mahArAja ke athAha jJAna ko dekhakara abhibhUta hokara mUrtipUjA ke dRr3ha zraddhAlu aura zrImad ke parama bhakta ho ge| unhoMne sUbedAra zrI ratanasiMhajI bhaNDArI ke samakSa kahA-"mAravAr3a se Aye hue samasta vidyA se pAraMgata jJAniyoM meM ziromaNi guru mahArAja yahA~ virAjate haiN|" bhaNDArI jI apane agrezvarI zrI ANaMdarAmajI ke sAtha zrImad ke samparka meM Aye aura unake tatva jJAna kI gaharAI dekhakara atyanta prasanna hue| ve pratidina pUjA arcA karane lge| ahamadAbAda meM mRgI upadrava phailane para bhaNDArI jI kI prArthanA se zrImad ne rogopazAnti kii| marAThA senA ke sAtha raNakujI ne jaba ahamadAbAda para car3hAI kI to zrImad devacaMdajI mahArAja kI kRpA se alpa senA hone para bhI vijaya prApta kara gujarAta ko bacAne meM bhaNDArI jI saphala hue| ahamadAbAda meM maMdira bimba pratiSThAe huii| eka dina sataraha bhedI pUjA ho rahI thii| zatrujaya ke hetu peTI kI sthApanA huI upAdhyAya sAdhukIti jI kRta sataraha bhedI pUjA kI terahavIM aSTa maMgala pUjA ke anta meM jaba 'ANaMda zrImad devacandrajI mahArAja ne saM0 1779 meM khaMbhAta ke cAturmAsa meM zatrujaya mahAtmya kI vyAkhyA karate hue tIrthoddhAra ke lie sacoTa upadeza diyaa| saM0 1777 meM ahamadAbAda nagorIsarAya meM cAturmAsa kiyA taba bhI mANikalAlajI sthAnakavAsI ko pratibodha dekara DhUMDhakoM ke pAsa se mukta karAyA aura unake nUtana caityAlaya meM vimba sthApanA kI evaM zAMtinAthajI kI pola meM bhUmigRha meM sahasraphagA, sahasrakUTa vimvAdi pratiSThita kie the| zrImada ne sUrata cAturmAsa karake vahA~ bhI zatrujaya ke nimitta arthasaMgrahArtha AnaMdajI kalyANajI kI peDhI sthApita karAI thI jisakA nAmakaraNa bhale bAda meM huA ho, peDhI ke saM0 1790-91 ke caupar3oM se pramANita hai| siddhAcalajI ke kArakhAnA kI bahI meM "seThajI ANaMdajI kalyANajI surata" tathA "zrIsurata seTha ANaMdajo kalyANa" nAma se pramANita hai| devavilAsa ke anusAra zatrujaya tIrthoddhAra ke bIca sUrata kI vinatI se saMvatH 1784 kA cAturmAsa vahA~ kiyA / usI samaya ke upadeza prApta sUrata ke kalyANacaMdra somacaMdra ke saM01785 ke nirmApita samavazaraNa abhilekha se pramANita hai| zrIratilAla bhAI ne likhA hai ki devavilAsa maiM kArakhAnoM siddhAcala upare likhA hai yadi peDhI kI sthApanA kA likhate to pAlItAnA meM hotaa| parantu yaha vyAvahArika satya hai ki pAlItAnA aura siddhAcalajI paryAyavAcI hai kyoMki koI bhI yAtrI siddhAcalajI para nahIM rhte| rahate to zahara kI dharmazAlA yA gharoM meM haiN| pahAr3a para khAnA-pInA yA zauca-kriyA bhI kucha nahIM 174 ]

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vinatI surati baMdira' nI bhalI. caumAsA nI re vizeSa / / su0||paatii| zrIdevacandrajI 'suratibaMdire' kIdhA bhavine upagAra / / su0 // paMcAsIye chayAsaye, jANIye, buddhitaNA je bhaMDAra | su0 ||9||tii0|| karate ataH kArakhAnA maMDAne kA artha pAlItAne kA hI samajhanA cAhie na ki 'chaparA baMdhAne jaisA dhRSTatApUrNa artha jo kabhI rAsakAra kA abhiprAya nahIM ho sakatA / yAtrI sAMgha jo zatrujaya jAtA thA sIhora, pAlItAnA yA gariyAdhAra kahIM se tIrtha ko vadhAkara par3Ava DAlatA thA / Aja sametazikharajI jAne vAle yAtrI madhuvana jAne kA nahIM kahate sadA se hI sametazikharajI kahate Aye haiM cAhe saMgha ke par3Ava pAlagaMja. topacAMcI, nimiyAghATa kahIM bhI rahe hoM Aja madhuvana Thaharate haiM aura vahIM ThaharanA khAnA-pInA talahaTI ke mandira dharmazAlAoM se samRddha hone para bhI kahate sametazikharajI kA hI hai aura peDhI Adi saba madhuvana meM hai / ataH pAlItAnA aura siddhAcala nAma ke cakkara meM jAnA koI aucitya nahIM rkhtaa| isI rAsa meM anekazaH zatrujaya, pAlIta nA jo eka dUsare ke paryAyavAcI haiM, zrImada ke aneka bAra padhArane aura caitya-bimbapratiSThAdi ke sAtha-sAtha saMkSipta ullekha hai / yahA~ devavilAsa kI una gAthAoM ko udadhRta kiyA jAtA hai tIrtha mahAtmya nI prarUpaNA gurutaNI, sAMbhale zrAvakajjanna // su0|| siddhAcala Upara navanavA caityanA. jIrNoddhAra kare sudinna / / su0 ||shaatii0 / pAlItANe pratiSThA karI bhalI, kharacyo dravya bharapUra / / su0|| 'vadhusAye caitya zatrujaya upare, pratiSThA devacandanI bhUri ||su0||10||tii0| isake bAda kI gAthAoM meM 1796 meM 1804 meM pAlItAnA padhArane aura vahA~ ke mRgI upadrava dUra karane aura saM01808 meM zatrujaya saMghayAtrA meM saM0 1810 kacarA kIkA ke saMghoM meM Ane aura sATha hajAra dravya vyaya kara pratiSThA karAne kA ullekha hai| saM0 1812 meM ahamadAbAda meM unakA svargavAsa ho gyaa| inhIM varSoM meM gujarAta ke anya sthAnoM meM vicara kara zrAvakoM ko. rAjAoM ko, ThAkuroM ko pratibodha dene tathA jina mandirAdi pratiSThA karAne evaM grantha racanA kA ullekha hai| isake lie devavilAsa dekhanA caahie| zrImada devacaMdajI mahArAja ne anekazaH pAlItAnA jAkara pratiSThAe~ karAI jinake abhilekha tatkAlIna lekhoM meM sarvAdhika hai para ve abhI taka aprakAzita haiN| namUne ke taura para kAparar3AjI ke jinAlaya nirmAtA bhAnAjI bhaMDArI ke vaMzajoM ke eka lekha kI nakala yahA~ de rahA hU~ jisameM zrImad ke dvArA zatrujaya, AbU. giranAra pratiSThA karAne kA ullekha hai| "svastizrI jayo maMgalA bhyudayazca, saMvat 1794 varSe zAke 1659 pravarttamAne ASADha sudi 10 ravivAre oisa vaMze vRddha zAkhAyAM nADUla gotre bhaMDArI jI zrI bhAnAjI tatputra maiN| nArAyaNajI putra mN| tArAcaMdajI putra aneka caityoddhAraka maM / rUpacaMdajI tatputra nyAya kalita aneka jaina zAsana kArya kArakhAno tihA~ siddhAcala upare. maMDAvyo mahAjanna / su0|| dravya kharacAye agaNita giri upare. ullasita thAye tanna || su0 ||6||tii0 / saMvatasatara ekAsIye (1781) byAsIye tryAsIye kArIgare kAma ||su citrakAra sudhAnAM kAma te. dRSad ujvalatA re nAma / / su0 ||7||to0| phirI ne zrIguru 'rAjanagare' bhalA, tihAM bhavine upadeza // su0 // [ 175

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hai| AcArya jJAnavimalasUri aura gItArtha kSamAvijayajo zrImad devacaMdrajI kA bar3A Adara karate the| zrI uttamavijayajI, padmavijayajI, vivekavijayajI Adi aneka bar3e-bar3e ga.tArtha unake chAtra rahe haiM. unakI ziSyoM kI bhA~ti sevA kI hai| ve gaccha vivAda se U~ce uThe hue mahApuruSa the| tapAgacchIya yogirAja maNicaMdrajI ke samakSa zrImad devacandrajI ko mahAvideha meM kevalajJAna utpanna hone kI aura unake utsava meM zAmila hone kI ghaTanA eka deva ne sunAI thii| kAraka maM / zivacaMda jI putra harSacaMdra yutena zrIzatrujayopari caityoddhAra kAritaM zrI pArzva biMbaM sthApitaM kharataragacche zrI jinacaMdasUri vijayarAjye tathA pratiSThitaM ca mahopAdhyAya zrI rAjasAgara jI tatziSya u0 zrI jJAnadharmajI tatziSya u0 zrI dIpacaMdajI tatziSya saMvega mArgAnagI zre zabaMjaya giranAra AbU pramukha caitya pratiSThA kAraka paMDita devacaMdraNa DUMgaravAla sA bhairava vApta (? dAsa ) sA kisanadAsauja sahAyAt zrI jaitAraNa vAstavya pura dharaNA li0 sevaga kizoradAsa bIkAnerIyA / zubhaM bhavatu / / zrI neminAtha biMba sthApitaM // " isase jJAta hotA hai ki zrImad devacandrajI mahArAja ke upadeza se gujarAta, rAjasthAna Adi ke saMgha kA jIrNoddhAra kAryoM meM pUrNa sahayoga thaa| gujarAta, ahamadAbAda ke sUbedAra zrI ratanasiMhajI bhaMDArI nirmApita maMdira kI pratiSThA tapagacchI zubhavijaya ke kara kamaloM se huI thii| sUrata ke kalyANacaMdra ke putra somacaMdra ne saM0 1788 meM jo bimalavasahI meM hajAroM ke vyaya se samavazaraNa banavA kara tapAgacchIya AcArya mahArAja sumatisAgarasUri se pratiSThA karAI usake abhilekha meM "zrImatkharataragacchIya upAdhyAya dIpacaMdra ziSya paM0 devacaMdra mukhAt zrI vizeSAvazyaka vRttigata gaNadhara sthApana samosaraNa vidhi zravaNAt saMjAt harSena zrI 105 zrI mahAvIra jina caitya samavazaraNAkArakArita" Adi vAkya likhane meM apanA gaurava samajhA hai| jaina zAsana ke staMbha rUpa aneka mahApuruSoM ne unake vartamAna meM mahAvideha kSetra meM kevalI avasthA meM vicarane kA vRttAnta prAmANika mAnA hai| unakA vAstavika mUlyAGkana Aja se 70 varSa pUrva kiyA thA 105 granthoM ke racayitA mahApuruSa yoganiSTha AcArya deva zrI buddhisAgara sUrijI ne| unhoMne dIkSA lene se pUrva zrImad devacandra kRta AgamasAra ko 100 bAra par3hA thA aura dIkSA lekara unake samasta granthoM ko, jIvanI ko prakAza meM lAne kA bhAgIratha prayatna kiyaa| 25 saMskRta zlokoM meM unakI stuti aura pada likhe| unake upadeza se adhyAtma jJAna prasAraka maNDala, pAdarA ne unakA sAhitya prakAzita kiyaa| usI prabhAva se pAdarA kI laSabhaga 30 sAdhviyA~ dIkSita huI kharataragaccha meM pravattinIjI zrI vallabha zrI jI aura pravattinIjI zrI vicakSaNa zrIjI ke paas| zrI mohanalAla hImacaMda vakIla, maNilAla mohanalAla pAdarAkara, sAhitya mahArathI mohanalAla dalIcaMda dezAI, nAgakumAra makAtI, zatAvadhAnI dhIrajalAla TokarasI zAha, paM0 sukhalAlajI svAmI RSabhadAsajI ( madrAsa ), umarAvacaMda jI jaragar3a unake bhaktoM ne bahuta kucha likhA hai| yogIndra yugapradhAna sadguru zrI sahajAnaMdaghanajI mahArAja (bhadramunijI) aura gaNivarya zrI buddhimunajI mahArAja ne bhI bar3I preraNA dI aura gurudeva ne unakA sAhitya svayaM saMzodhana kara denA svIkAra kiyA thaa| maiMne pUrI presa kApiyA~ taiyAra kI para zrImad devacaMdrajI ke uttarArddha jIvana kA kAryakSetra gujarAta hI rahA hai| unake eka pUrva ke jJAnI hone kI gujarAta meM prasiddhi hai jisakA ullekha masta yogI choTe AnaMdaghanajI nAma se prasiddha zrImad jJAnasArajI ne kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM "AnaMdaghanajI TaMkazAlI, jinarAjasUri bAbA abadhyavacanI yazovijayajI TAnaraTanariyA, devacaMdajI gaTarapaTariyA-eka pUrva ke jJAnI, mohanavijayajI laTakAlA Adi kahAvata gujarAta meM prasiddha 176 ]

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unameM se thor3I-sI kRtiyA~ 'devacandra padya pIyUSa' nAma se prakAza meM AI haiN| caubIsI vivecana, dezanAsAra, adhyAtma gItA Adi sAhitya yadyapi prakAza meM Aye haiM para rASTrabhASA meM abhI bahuta kucha karanA apekSita hai| zrImad devacandrajI kI snAtrapUjA meM jina bhAvaurmiyoM kA vyaktikaraNa huA hai, gAne vAle Atmavibhora ho jAte haiN| kyoMki unake garbha meM Ane para mAtAne devendroM dvArA meruzikhara para snAtra mahotsava kA svapna dekhA thA. jisase unakA janma nAma devacandra rakhA gayA aura dakSA nAma rAjavimala hone para bhI usI nAma se prasiddhi huI / kaviyaNa ne 'devavilAsa meM yaha bhI likhA hai ki unake mastaka meM maNi thI jo agni-saMskAra ke samaya uchala kara pAtAla meM calI gaI, kisI ke hAtha nahIM AI snAtrapUjA meM jo padalAlitya aura bhAvoM ko ullasita kara AtmA ko U~cA uThAne kI zakti hai| vaha anya pUjAoM meM nahIM, kyoMki vaha asalI mAla hai| bAkI saba nakaleM haiM phira bhI Aja gaccha vyAmoha aura pakSapAta vaza usase lAbha uThAne kA aneka sthAnoM meM niSedha karate haiM, gAne me muMha curAte haiN| zramadra kI ziSya paramparA do sau varSa pUrva hI zeSa ho giiN| unakA jIvanacaritra ziSyoM ne kaviyaNa se 'devavilAsa' rUpa meM likhavAyA thA kyoMki ve svayaM samarthaM vidvAna hone para bhI likhane se kahIM atizayokti na ho jAya isa kAraNa nispRha rahe the| devavilAsa bhI unake svargavAsa ke 14 varSa bAda likhA gayA tathA anya kavi kI racanA hone se sarvAGgINa jIvanI nahIM ho sakI haiM tathA ghaTanAeM kucha Age poche ho gayI haiM phira bhI yaha amUlya jIvana srota hai| peDhI para gujarAta para tathA bharata kSetra para vartamAna meM mahAvidehI kevalI avasthA meM vicaraNa karane vAle una mahApuruSa kA mahAn upakAra hai| peDhI ke itihAna meM unakA nAma Ane meM peDhI kA hI gaurava hai / unakI jIvanI kA adhyayana khule dila se udAratApUrvaka kareM, ve hI peDhI ke saMsthApaka mahApuruSa haiN| gujarAta meM zodha karane para unakI jIvanI ke aneka banda pRSThoM kA udghA Tana ho sakatA hai kyoMki unhoMne jIvana kA sampUrNa uttarAddhaM vahIM vyatIta kiyA aura antima zvAsa taka zatruMjaya kI sevA kI thii| zatruMjaya para kauvoM kA AnA amaMgalakArI samajhA jAne se zrImad ne hI unakA AnA baMda karavAyA / nagaraseTha zAntidAsajI ke udaya se pUrva zatruJjaya tIrtha kI vyavasthA jahA~ jahA~ ke saMgha ke hastagata rahI usa para saMzodhana kI AvazyakatA hai| pahale agahilapura pATaNa ke saMgha ke hAtha meM yaha vyavasthA thii| kAraNa zrIjinapatisU rejI mahArAja saM0 1253 meM vahA~ the aura suprasiddha bhaMDArI nemicaMdra ko pratibodha diyA thaa| usake bAda musalamAnoM dvArA pATaNa nagara kA vidhvaMza hone para sUrijI ne ghATI gA~va meM Akara cAturmAsa kiyA / usake bAda kucha samaya taka vyavasthA gholakA saMgha ke hastagata rahI phira pATana saMgha ke hAtha meM AI aura samarAzAha ke jIrNodvAra ke samaya vahIM kI vyavasthA thii| maMtrIzvara karmacaMdra ke pUrvaja tejapAla rudrapAla ke samaya meM vyavasthA unake hAtha meM thA / jinhoMne saM0 1377 meM jinakuzalasUrijI kA pATa mahotsava kiyA va pATaNa saMgha ke sAtha mAnatuMgavihAra nAmaka kharataravasahI nirmANa karAI va pratimAe~ bhI zatruJjaya ke lie pATaNa meM pratiSThita karAI - aisI bahuta sI jAnakArI Avazyaka hai| bAdazAhI pharamAno meM maMtrI karmacaMdra ko zatruMjaya akabara dvArA dene kA pramANa hai / saM0 1656 meM unake svargavAsa ke pazcAt bIkAnera mahArAjA rAyasiMha kI jAgIra meM jaba soraTha- pAlItAnA thA taba saM0 1657 meM satIvAda kA nirmANa huA jisakA satIvAda ke zilAlekha meM ullekha hai| aba taka ke prakAzita sabhI itihAsoM meM satavAda ke nirmAtA ahamadAbAda ke seTha zAMtidAsa ko likhA hai jaba ki zAMtidAsa seTha usa samaya bAraha varSa ke the / maiMne 45 varSa pUrva isa viSaya meM 'jaina' patra meM [ 177

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likhA thA ki 'satIvAva' bIkAnera ke seTha satIdAsa dvArA nirmApita hai| para aba taka kisI ne saMzodhana nahI kiyA / bAda meM saM0 1700 ke Asa-pAsa seTha zAMtidAsa ke hAtha meM tortha vyavasthA aaii| ina saba bAtoM kI carcA kA yahA~ sthAna nahIM, pAlItAnA meM bhI samRddha AvakoM ke ghara the tathA gujarAta ke anya nagara bhI vyavasthA meM sammilita the / 'TADa' sa rAjasthAna' meM TADa sAhaba ke ahamadAbAda, sUrata, bar3audA aura pATaNa ke saMghako vyavasthApaka kameTI dvArA tortha ko saMbhAlane ke ullekha ko lekhaka mahodaya ne nirAdhAra batalAyA hai para vijayarAjasUri kI salAha se 15 vIM zatI kI bAta lAye hai jisakA pramANa denA Avazyaka thaa| ise Apa bhramAtmaka batA sakate haiM para zrI pUraNacandajI nAhara ke jaina lekha saMgraha bhA0 3 meM prakAzita amarasAgara ke 905] zilAlekha lekhAMka 2530 kI saM0 1881 (san 1834) kI prazasti ke nimnokta ullekha kA Apake pAsa kyA samAdhAna haiM ? prazasti naM0 1 meM paTavoM ke saMgha varNana meM likhA hai ki"zrI mUlanAyakajI re bhaMDAra re tAlA 3 gujarAtiyAM rA hA so cautho tAlo saMghavyAM Aparo diyo / " isa se spaSTa hai ki peDhI vyavasthA tIrtha vyavasthA meM anya nagaroM kA bhI sahayoga thaa| anta meM peDhI evaM zrI ratilAla bhAI se nivedana hai ki itihAsa sandarbha meM satyAnveSI hokara zrImad devacandra jI mahArAja kI sevAoM aura upakAra para gaharAI se vicAra kara itivRtta ke prakAzana meM prayatnazIla hoM aura agrima bhAgoM meM saMzodhana kreN|

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svargIya pUraNa candajI nAhara saMgha ratnoM kI khAna hai| zrIpUraNacandrajI nAhara eka aise ho udAtta vicAroM vAle. parizramI aura laganazIla sAhitya purAtattva rasika vidvAna the jo kevala baMgAla meM hI nahIM apitu samasta bhArata meM khyAti prApta aura mAnya prAmANika puruSa the / Apake pUrvaja do sau varSa pUrva rAjasthAna se baMgAla meM Akara base the aura dhArmika va sAmAjika pravRttiyoM meM agragaNya rahe haiN| Apake yahA~ paramparAgata kriyA-kalApa kIrti-staMbha kI bhA~ti sarvatra parilakSita hote haiN| dinAjapura, jahA~ ApakI jamIndArI thI-kA jinAlaya, ajImagaMja kA mandira, kalakatte kA kumArasiMha haoNla va AdinAtha jinAlaya, pAvApurI kA nAhara dharmazAlA. rAjagRha kA zAntibhavana, pAlItAnA kA nAhara bilDiga Adi sthAna isa bAta ke jIvanta sAkSya haiN| Apa baMgAla ke osavAla samAja meM sambhavataH prathama grejyueTa the| apanI zikSA kA sadupayoga Apane jaina sAhitya aura purAtattva kI sevA meM kiyA / hindo. aMgrejI aura baMgalA bhASA meM Apa samAnarUpa se likhate the aura ApakI bAte prAmANika mAnI jAtI thii| Apake pitAzrI ne stavanAvalI Adi kaI pustakeM prakAzita kI thI aura ApakA to kahanA hI kyA? aneka mahatvapUrNa granthoM kA sampAdana, lekhana va prakAzana karake Apane samAja kA bar3A upakAra kiyA hai| zrI nAharajI advitIya saMgrAhaka the| apane bhrAtA kumArasiMha aura mAtuzrI gulAbakumArI jI ke nAma se sthApita kumArasiMha haoNla meM gulAbakumArI lAyabrerI aura saMgrahAlaya eka tIrtha-bhUmi se kama nahIM hai| jinAlaya meM virAjamAna sphaTika ratna kI vizAla jina pratimAe~ pUrva aura uttara bhArata meM durlabha hai| jinhoMne Apake saMgrahAlaya kI pratimAe~, citroM. granthoM, sikkoM va kalAtmaka vastuoM ko dekhA hai ve ApakI anupama saMgrAhaka vRtti evaM kalA prema se prabhAvita hue binA nahIM raha skte| Apane vividha sAmagrI kA asAdhAraNa saMgraha to kiyA hI thA para Apake DAka kI TikaTeM, diyAsalAI ke lebuloM, kaMkuma-patrikAoM, vijJApanoM, sAmayika patrikAoM ke mukha pRSTha evaM samAcAra-patroM ke kaTiMga Adi sAdhAraNa vastuoM ke viziSTa saMgraha ko dekhakara vismita ho jAnA par3atA thaa| prathama bheMTa : maiM pacAsa varSa pUrva jaba kalakattA AyA to Apake [ 179

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nAma kI khyAti se paricita ho gayA thA para una dinoM kevala jinAlaya darzana ke atirikta Apase sAkSAtkAra karane kA keI prasaMga nahIM thaa| 47 varSa pUrva jaba sAhitya meM ruci jAgI to kavivara samayasundara kI racanAoM ke saMgraha ke saMdarbha meM Apake yahA~ jAnA anivArya ho gayA. kyoMki zrI mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI ne kavivara kI 'pApa chattIsI' nAharajI ke saMgraha meM hone kA ullekha kiyA thaa| maiM bhAI mohanalAla nAhaTA ke sAtha sIdhA kumArasiMha haoNla meM jA phuNcaa| daravAna ne kalA bhavana khola diyA aura hama loga pradarzita citrAdi sAmagrI ko bArIkI se dekhane meM vyasta ho ge| the r3I hI dera huI hogI ki saujanyamUrti nAharajI svayaM A pahu~ce aura sammAnapUrvaka hameM baiThAkara kAphI dera taka bAtacIta kI aura daravAna ko hamAre Ane kI sUcanA na dene ke lie kar3A upAlaMbha diyA / taduparAnta unhoMne svayaM samasta mahattvapUrNa vastuoM kA paricaya karAyA aura mujhe saptAha meM ekabAra avazya Ane kA Agraha-pUrga Adeza diyA / vaha pApa chattIsI' to hameM pUrva prApta 'pApa AloyaNA chattIsI' hI nikalo para usa prasaMga ko lekara ve anekazaH yAda dilA diyA karate the ki Apa 'pApa chattIsI' ke prasaMga se hamAre mitra hue haiN| jAtA / samavyasanI hone ke kAraNa naI-naI jAnakArI prApta hotI aura hameM bhI unake jaisA saMgrahAlaya khar3A karane kA zauka laga gyaa| hamArA svapna sAkAra huA aura unhoMne hameM saMgrAhaka banA ddaalaa| unake yahA~ jAne para dopahara meM jalapAna to avazya hI karanA par3atA yadyapi hama do bAra se tIsarI bAra bhojana nahIM karate the para unake saprema Adeza ko asvIkAra karane kA kabhI sAhasa nahIM kara skaa| kAkAjI agaracandajI jaise nivRtti priya aura alpa AvazyakatAoM para nirbhara rahanevAle vyakti ko bhI unake sAtha phala aura jalapAna meM zAmila honA par3atA thaa| yadi kabhI asvIkRta kara dI to kahate kighabar3Aie mata, hama abhI bIkAnera nahIM Ane vAle haiN| Apa saMkoca kyoM karate haiM ? hama se kucha javAba dete nahIM bntaa| ve eka talle ke kamare meM baiThate the. kurzI-Tebula para nahIM para gadde para ArAma se baiThate. hameMbho takiyA avazya lagAnA pdd'taa| dhaniyA,supArI aura pAna kI DibiyA sAmane par3I rhtii| unake yahAM jAkara hameM meMhamAna kI bhA~ti nahIM para gharake sadasya kI bhA~ti niHsaMkoca ArAma ke sAtha baiThanA par3atA / bar3e-bar3e vidvAnoM ne unakI milanasAritA, AtmIyatA, kalApriyatA, atithi satkAra aura saujanyAdi gugoM kI mukta kaNTha se prazaMsA kI hai| AtmIyatA aura atithi satkAra : nAharajI ke sAtha jaba se hamArA sAkSAtkAra huA, ve vRddha vayonmukhI the| para unakA utsAha yuvakoM jaisA thaa| kalA pArakhI hone ke sAtha-sAtha manuSya kI parIkSA meM bhI unakI dRSTi painI thii| vidvAnoM kA AvAgamana Apake yahA~ barAbara rahatA thA aura unheM abhIpsita viSaya kI pUrNa jAnakArI prApta karavAkara Apako parama saMtoSa hotA thaa| nAharajI kA prema hameM haphte meM ekabAra-ravivAra ko to AkRSTa kara hI letaa| ve apane anubhava batAte, Aye hue patroM kI phAila sAmane rakha dete, isa prakAra unake sAtha hamArA bahuta sA samaya vArtAlApa aura nirIkSaNAdi meM bIta saujanya : hamArI zikSA aura jJAnaruci kI ora lakSya kara ve kahate ki Apane par3hI-par3hAI aMgrejI bhI bhulA dI. jisakI Aja ke yuga meM bar3I AvazyakatA hai| yadi eka do mahInA hamAre pAsa raheM to Apako isakA paryApta jJAna ho sakatA hai| Apa to bar3AbajAra chor3a kara yahA~ Ate hI nahIM, jaba kucha dinoM se Ate haiM to vArtAlApa meM hI samaya bIta jAtA hai, kAma to thor3A hI ho sakatA hai| yahA~ do tIna mAsa barAbara rahiye, ApakA hI ghara hai| jama kara raheMge taba kAma hogaa| hamAre jaise sAdhAraNa 180 ]

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bAbAjI ke bhAMga yA caTanI pIsane kI silA rUpa meM bihAra meM prApta huA thA jise maiMne apane zAMti bhavana meM lagA diyA hai ! Apane isa viSaya meM svayaM bola kara eka peja mere se likhavAyA bhI thA para vaha kArya pUrNa na / ho skaa| yadyapi Apa lauMkAgaccha ke the para kharatara gaccha kI mahAnatA unheM niHsaMkoca svIkArya thii| vyakti ko protsAhana dekara Age bar3hAne kI unameM jo bhAvanA thI vaha saujanya kA utkRSTa udAharaNa hai| una dinoM 'jaina lekha saMgraha' kA jaisalamera viSayaka tIsarA bhAga chapa rahA thA jisameM maiMne samayasundarajI ke kucha aitihAsika stavana die jinhoMne ukta grantha meM mere nAmollekha pUrvaka sAbhAra prakAzita kiyA / ekabAra sAhitya sammelana ke prasaMga meM kumArasiMha haoNla meM sAhitya pradarzanI kI gaI jisameM hamAre saMgraha kI sacitra pratiyA~ Adi maMgavAkara sUcI meM nAma sahita prakAzita kiyA / isI prakAra zrI baMzIlAlajI kocara ke do sAmudrika citra bhI unake nAmollekha saha pradarzita kie, yaha unakA bar3A bhArI saujanya thaa| unake yahA~ phiraMgI nAmaka eka naukara rahatA thA jinake putra ko par3hA-likhAkara maiTrika pAsa karA diyA jisase vaha apane jIvana ko UMcA uThA ske| ve apane samparka meM Aye vyakti kA bar3A dhyAna rakhate the| guNAnurAga: kharatara gaccha ke mahAn AcAryoM ke prati ApakI bhakti aura bahumAna thaa| Apane stavanAvalI, sAMjhI saMgraha aura jaisalamera ke mahattvapUrNa abhilekha prakAzita kara gaccha kI mahAna sevA kii| dAdA sAhaba zrIjinakuzalasUrijI ke Apa parama bhakta the| jayasAgara upAdhyAya kRta 'risaha jiNesara so jayau' stotra to Apako kaNThastha thA aura bar3e prema pUrvaka gAyA karate the| kharatara gaccha paTTAvalI ke lie Apane kahA-maiMne rAta meM do-do baje taka parizrama kiyA hai / jo loga ISyAvaza abhayadevasUri ko kharatara gacchIya nahIM mAnate unheM sacoTa sapramANa uttara dene kA merA vicAra hai| unhoMne kahA-mujhe jo saM0 1412 kI rAjagRha pArzvanAtha prazasti milI vaha bhI isake lie utkRSTa pramANa hai| yaha prazasti, mandira dhvasta hone para do Tukar3oM meM vibhakta ho gaI thI aura mujhe usakA dUsarA Tukar3A osavAla jAti ke itihAsa para likhe gae muni jJAnasundarajI ke gappa purANa para Apa bar3e jhuMjhalAte aura vIra saMvat 70 meM osavAla jAti kI utpatti unheM bilakula amAnya thii| ve use chaThI zatAbdI se pUrva kA nahIM mAnate the| ve kahate-kabhI maiM isakI sapramANa AlocanA karUMgA / ApakA jAti-prema ullekhanIya thaa| osavAla sammelana Adi ke kRtittva isake pratyakSa pramANa haiN| unheM apane 'nAhara' gotra kA ullekha jahA~ kahIM milatA nakala kara lete| hamAre saMgraha ke nAhara gotra ke lekhoM kA saMgraha to kiyA hI para jaba kavi jaTamala nAhara ke. sambandha meM yaha jJAta huA ki ve unhIM ke gotrIya sukavi the to unhoMne apane va hamAre saMgraha se navIna jJAta jaTamala ke granthoM kI nakaleM bar3e utsAha ke sAtha karavA kara rkhii| hamane svAmI narottamadAsajI ke sAtha usakA sampAdana bhI kiyA / nAharajI use prakAzita karanA cAhate the para unakA svargavAsa ho jAne para Aja cira kAla se vaha aprakAzita hI rhaa| saMskRti va dharmarakSaka: Apa tortha rakSA vA dharma rakSA meM sarvadA kaTibaddha rahate the| kisI ne bhI jaina dharma aura saMskRti ke sambandha meM koI galataphahamI phailAne kI ceSTA kI to Apa usakA prema pUrvaka nirAkaraNa karate, unase patra-vyavahAra Adi dvArA bhrama dUra karake vizrAma lete| ekadina vArtAlApa ke prasaMga se maiMne unheM batalAyA ki jagadIzasiMha gahalota ne mAravAr3a rAjya ke itihAsa meM rANakapura ke mandira ke sambandha meM likhate hue use "pAtariyoM kA mandira" [ 11

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batalAyA hai to Apane unase patra vyavahAra kiyA aura rANakapura ke zilpa ke mahattva ke sambandha meM kAphI lambI carcA calAI / eka anya prasaMga Ane para unhoMne isa bAta kI madhura cuTakI lete hue kahA ki Apa aisA silasilA cher3a gae ki mere liye vaha lambI udher3a-buna ho gii| isI prakAra Apane zvetAmbara-digambara prAcInatA Adi ke viSaya meM nibandha likhakara bhrama kA nirAkaraNa kiyaa| vakAlata kA sadupayoga : Dabbe meM nAhara jI baiThe huye the| maiMne unheM dekhA, jyoMhI cAra najara huI ki mujhe apane pAsa bulAkara rAjagRha meM apane zAnti bhavana meM Thaharane va rasoI pAnI kI kucha bhI khaTapaTa na karane ke liye kahA / hamAre sAtha kAkAjI agaracandajI bhI the| unheM silahaTa jAne kI jaldI thI ataH hama eka hI dina Thahara kara kalakattA jAne lage / nAharajI ne isake liye kar3A upAlaMbha diyaa| usa samaya kavi lallUlAlajI gandharva rAjagRha Ae hue the| jaba nAharajI ko unakI kAvya pratibhA mAlUma huI to unhoMne unheM apane vahA~ nimantrita kiyaa| nAharajI kA daravAna dharmazAlA meM AyA. lallUlAlajI ke sAthI vahA~ baiThe the jinake mArphata nimantraNa ko pAkara ve zAntimavana gae aura eka tatkAlika kavitA sunAI jisameM unake nimantraNa kA "ye to dvijarAja ke bulAivai ko sAja hai" kahakara anta meM "nAhara vanarAja hai" kaha kara Ane kA kAraNa drshaayaa| nAharajI unakI kAvya pratibhA se bar3e prabhAvita hue| asAdhAraNa prabhAva va anokhI sUjha: hamAre silahaTa ke eka vyApArI narendracandra dAsa jisameM hamAre hajAroM rupaye bAkI the, usane apanI sampatti devottara kara ddaalii| hamane usa para hAIkorTa meM kesa kara agrima kurkI nikaalii| usa mAmale ke kAgajAta nAharajI ne gaura se dekhate hue ucita salAha de rahe the itane meM hI eka baMgAlI bairisTara nAharajI ke yahA~ A phuNce| unhoMne nAharajI ke kahane para kAgajoM ko uThAyA aura pRSThoM ko ulaTa-pulaTa ke rakha diye| nAharajIne mere se kahA-dekho, yaha dhandhA kaisA hai| binA svArtha ye loga najara uThAkara bhI nahIM dekhate, rAya denA to dUra rahA / hAIkorTa kI vakAlata kI sanada lekara bhI mujhe isa dhandhe se sAhitya aura purAtattva kI sevA hI acchI lagatI hai phira bhI apane anubhava kA upayoga to karanA hI caahiye| nAharajo ne apane kAnUnI jJAna kA sadupayoga rAjagRha. pAvApurI Adi tIrthoM ke mAmaloM meM acchI taraha kiyA thaa| Apake saMgraha meM aisI tIrtha mAlA jisapara paTanA hAI korTa kI chApa lagI thI tathA kamalasaMyamopAdhyAya likhita svarNAkSarI patrAdi bhI the jinheM unhoMne zahAdata meM peza kie the| tIrthoM ke sambandha meM ApakI sevAeM ullekhanIya thiiN| jaina samAja kA kartavya hai ki Apa ke sTecyU citra Adi vahA~ lgaaeN| bIkAnera se ThAkura rAmasiMhajI aura svAmI narottamadAsajI kalakattA padhAre to maiM unheM nAharajI ke yahA~ le gyaa| kavi jaTamala nAhara kI gorA bAdala kathA kI jisa hastalikhita prati ke AdhAra se bAbU zyAmasundaradAsajI ne use gadya racanA batalAI thI, usa prati kA nirNaya karane ke liye hama loga nAharajI ke sAtha 'rayAla esiyATika sosAyaTI Apha beMgAla' meM gae / nAharajI vahA~ ke viziSTa sadasya the aura unakA vahA~ bar3A prabhAva thaa| becAre thula-thula zarIra vAle yuropiyana pustakAdhyakSa ne svayaM khar3e-khar3e pratiyoM ko khoja kara uparyukta kathA kI prati nikAlI aura hamaloMgoM kA acchA svAgata kiyaa| nAharajI ke isa prayatna se gorA bAdala saMbandhI hindI sAhitya meM jo gatAnugatika bar3A bhrama phailA huA thA, usakA sadA ke liye nirAkaraNa guNI janoM ke prati Adara : ekabAra bihAra se hamaloga rAjagRha jA rahe the| saMlagna 182]

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ho gyaa| Apane isake sambandha meM huI mauta" zIrSaka vAlA sundara lekha likha kara "vizAla bhArata" meM prakAzita kiyaa| yaha zIrSaka bhI Apa kI asAdhAraNa sUdA-bujha kA pariNAma hai aura gatAnugatika sAhitya manISiyoM ke liye eka bar3A vyaMga bhii| uttama parIkSaka Apa vizvavidyAlaya ke sarvocca kakSAoM ke mAnada parIkSaka to the hI para prAcIna mudrA zAstra ke bhI eka marmajJa vidvAna the| eka bAra eka aise sikke ko briTiza myUjiyama ke kyUreTara ne nAharajI ko bhulAve meM DAlane ke liye nakalI batalA diyA jo usa myUji yama ke saMgraha meM bhI nahIM thaa| nAharajI ke isa utara se ki Apa dUsare ko bhulAbe meM DAliye, mai isake mahatva se anabhijJa nahIM hU~, mujhe isakI pUrI parIkSA haikyUreTara mu~ha tAkatA hI raha gyaa| milanasAritA eka bAra mere pUjya pitAmaha zrI zaMkaradAna nAhaTA kalakattA padhAre to unhoMne nAharajI se milane kA vicAra kiyaa| nAharajI ko mAlUma hote hI ve svayaM hamArI gahI Arameniyana sTrITa meM A pahu~ce ora bar3e prema pUrvaka milakara kAphI dera taka bAtacIta meM laga ge| jaina abhilekha nAharajI ne pratimA lekhoM kA bahuta bar3A saMgraha kiyA thaa| jaina samAja meM saba se pahale abhilekhoM kA saMgraha karane vAle ve hI the| dUsare sabhI saMgraha bAda meM prakAzita hue the| unake lekhoM kA saMgraha tIna bhAgoM meM pUrNa huaa| tIsare bhAga meM jesalamera ke samUce lekha prakAzita kie the| unameM jo bhI raha gae hamane mUla lekhoM se milAne ke pazcAt apane 'bIkAnera jena lekha saMgraha meM lagabhaga 200 lekha prakAzita kara die| hameM lekha saMgraha karane kI unase bar3I preraNA milI thI ataH hamane apane 3000 zilAlekha, 100 citra aura 100 pRSTha kI prastAvanA vAle isa vRhaddha grantha ko svargIya nAharajI kI puNya smRti meM unheM samaparNa kara apane ko kRtakRtya mAnA / 'epiTama Apha jainijma grantha bhI jaina dharma sambandhI jAnakAriyoM se paripUrNa hai jisakA lekhana Apane zrIghoSa mahAzaya ke sAtha kiyaa| aMtima abhilASAe~ : nAharajI ne jaina lekha saMgraha ke caturtha bhAga meM mathurA ke prAcIna lekhoM kA mahatvapUrNa saMkalana kiyA thaa| unhoMne bar3e hI parizrama pUrvaka mUla lekhoM ko hindI va aMgrejI anuvAda saha vilkula taiyAra kara liyA thA aura mathurA jAkara ekabAra phira se lekhoM ko dekha Ane kI bhAvanA kI thI para unakA svargavAsa ho jAne para vaha kArya yoM hI raha gyaa| unakI icchA thI ki tInoM bhAgoM kI eka saMyukta tAlikA prakAzita kara deM tAki itihAsa zodhakoM ke lie eka mahatvapUrNa kArya ho jAya / yoM anya abhilekha saMgrahoM se nAharajI ke lekha saMgrahoM ke pariziSTa adhika spaSTa aura mahattvapUrNa the / nAharajI ne apane jIvana ke antima varSoM meM hastalikhita pratiyA~ kI puSpikA - prazastiyoM ke saMgraha kI ora dhyAna diyA thA kyoMki unakA mahattva bhI aitihAsika dRSTi se dekhA jAya to zilAlekhoM se kisI prakAra nyUna nahIM hai| nAharajI meM yaha vizeSatA thI ki jisa kAma meM ve laga jAte use saphala banAne meM pUrNa zakti lagA dete the| apane saMgraha kI prazastiyoM kA to unhoMne saMgraha kiyA hI para jahA~ bhI jAte prazastiyA~ nakala karavA kara bhejane ke lie yogya vyaktiyoM ko nirdeza de Ate / ApakI preraNA se hamane apane saMgraha kI DhAI hajAra prazastiyA~ ekatra kara DAlI / ApakI [ 193

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bar3I icchA thI ki inakA eka vizAla saMgraha prakAzita ho para Apake akAla meM hI svargavAsI ho jAne se vaha icchA mana kI mana meM raha gii| jaina samAja kA kartavya hai ki unake amoSTa kAyoM ko pUrA kara ke sAhitya seviyoM ke lie sAmagrI sulabha kara deN| svargavAsa ke pUrva nAharajI bhArata ke prAyaH samasta jaina tIrthoM kI yAtrA evaM viziSTa sthAnoM kA pravAsa kara ke lauTe the| ve ghara Ate hI bImAra par3a gae / jaba maiM milane gayA to unhoMne kahA merA jvara utara jAya taba Apa do cAra dina bAda Aiye aura thor3A kaSTa karake mUttiyoM ke lekha aura dUsarI vastuoM kI suvyavasthita tAlikA banAdeM kAraNa yaha kArya to Apako hI karanA hai| usa samaya kise mAlUma thA ki nAharajI se phira mulAkAta hI nahIM hogI / pA~ca-cha dina maiM unake yahA~ nahIM jA sakA aura ve svargavAsI ho gae / unakI antyeSThi kriyA ho jAne ke pazcAt hI mujhe vaha duHkhada samAcAra mAlUma huaa| kAvya aura alaMkAra jJAna : nAharajI sarvatomukhI pratibhA sampanna the / ekabAra kAvya alaMkAra ke sambandha maiM vArtAlApa honepara unhone vibhinna chandoM ke udAharaNa baiThe-baiThe prastuta kara die jinakI racanA meM gaNoM kA, mAtrAoM kA isa prakAra prayoga hotA hai| unhoMne dra tavilambita chaMda ke udAharaNoM meM "nata narezvara maulimaNiprabhA" Adi samayasuMdara jI kRta dAdA kuzala stotrakA eka chaMda bolA / troTaka chaMda ke udAharaNoM meM ajIrNamaMjarI kA zloka prastuta kiyA-"panasekadalaM kadalaM ca ghRtaM ghRta pAka vinAzana jU bharasam tadupadraba nAzakaraM lavaNaM. lavaNeSuca tandulavArivaram" tathA "zArade varade tumi kalpataru, tumi bhinna carAcara zuSka maru / prakharAtapa tapta prakhinna jane, vara dehi me mAtA hRSTa mne"| phira batalAyA-"bilete pAlAte chaTaphaTa kare nava gaudd'e| binA haiTa koTa pore dhutI pore mAna rahe nA" ityAdi / nAharajI kA svargavAsa hue Aja lagabhaga cAra dazaka bIta gae para unake kArya-kalApa, unakI saumya-zubhra mudrA, unakI madhura ojasvI vANI Aja bhI mere hRdaya-paTala para aMkita hai| 168.

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bahattaravIM kalA kI parIkSA basaMtapura nagara meM ajitasena rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usake subuddhi nAmaka pradhAna aura sahasrabuddhi nAmaka kotavAla thaa| usI nagara meM dhanAvAha nAmaka eka sAhUkAra rahatA thA jisake cAra putra the| unameM sabase choTe putra kA nAma zrIdatta thaa| seTha ne zrIdatta ko pAThazAlA bheja kara upAdhyAya ke pAsa puruSa kI bahattara kalAe~ sikhlaaii| zrIdatta ne ikahattara kalAoM kI parIkSA do jisameM vaha uttIrNa ho gayA, parantu bahattaravIM corI kI kalA aparIkSita raha gaI to zrIdatta ne socA ise bhI prayukta kara dekhanA caahie| ina vicAroM se prerita ho vaha usI nagara meM rahane vAle dhanADhya jauharI siMhadAsa ke yahA~ gyaa| jauharI siMhadAsa ne zrIdatta ko sammAna pUrvaka baitthaayaa| zrIdatta ne usake samakSa javAhirAta kI grAhakI batAte hue mAla dikhAne ke lie khaa| jauharI zrIdatta ko lekara Upara dUsare talle meM gayA aura tijorI kholakara javAhirAta nikAlane lgaa| zrIdatta ne pAsa par3I huI cAbhiyA~ lekara apanI jeba se moma ki goTiyA~ nikAlI aura una para chApa lekara apanI jeba meM DAla lii| jauharI ne kaI prakAra ke javAhirAta dikhAe parantu zrIdatta se koI bhI saudA nahIM pttaa| zrIdatta seTha ko praNAma kara apane ghara lauTa aayaa| aba zrIdatta ne moma kI chApa ke anusAra lauhakAra se navIna cAbhiyA~ banavAkara apane pAsa rakhI aura eka candana goha kharIda kara use pAlane-posane lgaa| eka dina avasara pAkara vaha goha ko lekara niklaa| AdhI rAta kA samaya thA / vaha sIdhA siMhadAsa seTha ke ghara ke pRSTha-mArga se goha ke prayoga se Upara cddh'aa| usane gavAkSa meM Akara dekhA ki seTha siMhadAsa UMgha rahA hai| seTha ko nidrAdhIna dekhakara usakA putra bhI uTha kara sane calA gayA thaa| zrIdatta cupacApa jauharI ke putra ke sthAna para Akara baiTha gayA aura khAtA kholakara kalama hAtha meM le lii| isI samaya sahasrabuddhi kotavAla nagara rakSA ke hetu ghUmane nikalA aura jauharI siMhadAsa ke ghara meM dIpaka kA prakAza dekhakara pukArA-- gavAkSa meM kauna baiThA hai ? zrIdatta ne cakhA jisase kotavAla ne samajhA seTha kA putra baiThA kAma kara rahA hai, ataH Age nikala gyaa| kotavAla ke cale jAne para zrIdatta uThakara tijorI ke nikaTa A gayA aura apanI jeba meM rakhI cAbhiyoM ko usameM DAlakara baiTha gyaa| thor3I dera meM arddha-rAtri ke ghaNTe bajane prArambha hue| zrIdatta ne ghaNTe kI AvAja ke sAtha-sAtha tijorI kholakara turanta javAhirAta ke chaH Dabbe nikAle aura tijorI ko banda kara diyA / isake bAda ratna-maMjaSikAeM aura cAbhiyA~ lekara dhIre se dvAra kholakara apane ghara A gyaa| vaha una peTiyoM ko ghara meM surakSita chipA kara apane kAma meM laga gyaa| chaH mahIne pazcAt jauharI siMhadAsa ne kisI grAhaka ko dikhAne ke lie ratnoM kI tijorI ko kholA to usameM se chaH peTiyA~ gAyaba milii| seTha kA muMha sapheda ho gyaa| usane ghara meM sabase pUchA, acchI taraha jA~ca kI para jaba kahIM bhI patA na lagA to rAja-darabAra meM jAkara prArthanA kI-rAjan / mere ghara se chaH lAkha ke javAhirAta banda tAloM meM se koI le gayA / rAjA ne sahasrabuddhi kotavAla ko [185

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bulAkara kahA-seTha siMhadAsa ke ghara se javAhirAta kI chaH usase koI riztA nahIM hai| yaha sunakara kotavAla ne kahApeTiyA~ calI gaI, tuma kyA khAka caukIdArI karate ho? suno shriidtt| Aja se chaH mAsa pUrva madhyarAtri meM tuma dekho eka saptAha meM tuma cora aura mAla ko barAmada karo siMhadAsa ke ghara meM baiThe the, dIpaka jalatA dekhakara jaba anyathA cora kA daNDa tumheM diyA jaaygaa| kotavAla ____ maiMne pUchA-kauna baiThA hai. taba tumane vakhArA thA apane talAzI ke kArya meM laga gyaa| rAjA ne sihadAsa aura vaise-hI Aja bhI tumane vakhArA ataH jauharI se kahA-tumhArA dhana sAta dina meM A gayA to ThIka. ke javAhirAta ke cora tumhI ho| zrIdatta ne kahA-vAha anyathA AThaveM dina mere khajAne sele lenA. tumheM ciMtA karane kotavAla sAhaba, Apa bhI pAdara devI vAlI vAta karate ho| kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| rAjA ke AzvAsana se jauharI kotavAla ne kahA-so kaise ? zrIdatta ne kahA-kisI gA~va to nizcinta ho gayA para sahasrabuddhi kotavAla bar3I meM pAdaradevI kA maMdira thaa| vaha devI sabase bali, bhArI citA meM par3a gayA ki chaH mahIne pUrva gaye mAla bhoga letI aura unheM kahatI maiM tumhAre sAre vidhna kA kaise patA lagAyA jAya ? usakA citta cintA ke haraNa karatI huuN| kisI dhUrta Thaga ne kahA-devI / tumhAre mAre udAsa ho gayA / ciMtA aisI hI cIja hai, hI sira vidhna AveMgeM jaba ? devI ne kahA-maiM sAre vidhna gA~va kahA hai : para hI DAla dUMgI / vaise hI Apa 'tabele kI balA bandara ke sara" kaha rahe ho| kotavAla subaha bAta karane ko kaha kara ciMtA meM caturapana ghaTe, ghaTe kavitta guNa gaah| calA gayA aura zrIdatta nizcinta hokara so gayA / hAma kAma vidyA ghaTe, cintA samudra athAha / / AThaveM dina prAtaHkAla rAjA ne kotavAla ko bulA ciMtA samudra athAha jala, divasa bhojana nahiM bhaav| ghaTe mitra para bhAva , rayaNi nidrA nahu aavai|| kara pUchA-cora ko zodha nikAlA ? usane kahA-hA~ mahArAja, patA lagAyA hai| isI nagara ke seTha dhanAvAha rUpa hINa tanu khINa, jAsa ghaTa vyApe ciNtaa|| kA putra zrIdatta cora hai| rAjA ne zrIdatta ko turanta __ kavi 'gadda' kahai daheM jIva, jAsa ghaTa vyApai ciNtaa|| upasthita karane kI AjJA dii| rAjAjJA se zrIdatta rAjaciMtAtura kotavAla ko ciMtA hI ciMtA meM sAta sabhA meM upasthita kiyA gyaa| usane kahA-mahArAja, dina bIta gae para vaha isa vikaTa samasyA ko sulajhA na kyA AjJA hai ? rAjA ne kahA-jauharI siMhadAsa ke ratna skaa| sAtaveM dina arddha-rAtri meM jaba vaha bAjAra meM tumane carAye haiM, merA kotavAla kabhI jhUTha nahIM boltaa| se nikala rahA thA to eka dukAna meM dIpaka jalate hue zrIdatta ne kahA-Apa mujhe svecchAnusAra dhIja kraaiye| dekha kara pUchA-hATa meM kauna hai ? zrIdatta ne uttara meM yada maiM cora hU~ to daNDita houuNgaa| rAjA ne maMtrI. vakhArA to kotavAla ne dukAna para Akara dvAra kotavAla sava se salAha lekara nirNaya diyA ki hamAre khulvaayaa| zrIdatta ne kotavAla ko baiThane ke lie Asna nagara kI rakSikA zrI kAlikAdevI camatkArI aura pratyakSa diyA aura pAna, supArI, lavaMga, ilAyacI Adi manuhAra haiN| vaha cora ko mAra detI hai aura sAhUkAra ko jIvita karane lgaa| kotavAla ne pUchA-seTha, tumhAre pitA kA nikAla detI hai ataH usa devAlaya meM rAta bhara rahakara nAma kyA hai ? zrIdatta ne kahA-dhanAvAha mere pitA haiM aura prabhAta meM nikala Ane para tuma nirdoSa pramANita ho skoge| maiM hU~ zrIdatta / kotavAla ne pUchA-apane nagara ke jauharI zrIdatta ne rAjAjJA zirodhArya kii| siMhadAsa tumhAre sage-sambandhI haiM ? zrIdatta ne kahA-hamArA sandhyA samaya rAjA-prajA sabhI mAnava * medinI 186 ]

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kAlikA devI ke mandira ke ahAte meM ekatra hue| zradatta bhI saparivAra AyA aura rAjA ko namaskAra kara devAlaya meM praviSTa ho gayA / mandira ke dvAra vanda ho gaye / rAjA ne maMdira ke caturdika paharedAra baiThA diye| saba loga prAtaHkAla usa dhIja kA pariNAma jAnane kI icchA se apane apane ghara cale gye| zrIdatta ke gharavAle bar3I vyagratA se usake nidoSa ghara lauTane kI kAmanA kara rahe the| ke pada-cinha bhI dekhe| pitA ne kahA-apane zakuna ho gaye ataH pahale hI varaNa kara leM / putra ne kahA-- pitAjI! choTe pairoM vAlI strI merI aura bar3e pairoMvAlI ApakI / Age jAte kucha hI dUrI para unheM una donoM striyo se sAkSAtkAra ho gyaa| unhoMne striyoM se pUchAtuma loga kauna ho, kahA~ rahatI ho? striyoM ne kahAhama rUdrapalI gA~va meM rahane vAlI kalaMbI ja.tI kI haiM. hama donoM vidhavA haiM ataH ghara mAMDane ke lie nikalI haiN| Apa loga kauna haiM? unha ne kahA- hama bhI kalaMvo jAti ke haiM aura isI uddezya se ghara se nikale haiM ataH apane paraspara nAtA kara leN| pitAputra ne pUrva nirNayAnusAra unase sambandha kara liyaa| ve donoM mA~ beTI thI. choTe pairoM vAlI mA~ thI jo putra kI aura var3e pairoM vAlI putrI thI vaha pitA kI gharavAlI huii| ve apane ghara Akara Ananda se gRhasthI calAne lge| kucha arase bAda donoM garbhavatI huI aura donoM ne putra ko janma diyaa| aba mAtAjI, yaha batalAiye ki donoM kA paraspara kyA sambandha huA arthAt ve eka dUsare ke kyA lage? yahI saMzaya hai| idhara zrIdatta ne sarvaprathama phala-phUla-mevA-miSThAnna Adi sAmagrI se detI kI pUjA kii| phira devI kI AratI karake dIpaka kI jyoti ke sAmane baiThakara unakI ArAdhanA karane lgaa| eka prahara baitane para siMhavAhinI trizUla dhAriNI devI vikarAla rUpa meM upasthita huii| unhoMne kahA- are pApI / corI aura sInAjorI! corI karake bhI satyavAdI bananA cAhate ho? mere samakSa tumhArI kArasAjI nahIM clegii| apane iSTa ko sparaNa karake kala marane ke liye taiyAra ho jaao| zrIdatta ne vinamra hokara kahA-mAtAjI, mere aise bhAgya kahA~ jo Apa ke hAtha se mRtyu ho ! parantu mere mana meM eka saMzaya hai, usakA nirNaya hue vinA mere mana kI bAta mana meM hI raha jaayegii| ataH merA saMzaya dUra karake Apa khazI se mArie / devI ne kahA-tuma apane saMzaya kI bAta kho| zrIdatta ne kahA- suniye mAtAjI! palI nAmaka eka gA~va hai. jisameM kalaMbI jAti ke do pitA-putra rahate haiN| karma saMyoga se donoM kI striyA~ mara jAne se ve vidhura ho gye| unhoMne vicAra kiyA strI ke binA ghara kyA? ataH ve apanA ghara basAne ke uddezya se nAtA (vidhavA-vivAha) karane ke liye ghara se cala pdd'e| do cAra dina meM ve rUdra nAmaka gA~va meM Akara tthhre| vahA~ se prAtaH kAla ravAnA hote samaya unheM acche zakuna hue| bApa ne kahA--- beTA, ye zakuna kahate haiM ki Age jAne para hameM do striyA~ milegI, jinake sAtha apanA sambandha hogaa| unhoMne thor3I dUra jAne para mArga meM do striyoM zrIdatta kI bAta sunakara devI vicAra meM par3a gayI aura eka prahara bIta jAne ke bAda bhI vaha eka-dUsare ke sambandha kA nirNaya nahIM kara skii| devI ne jhaMjhalA kara kahA-pApI, tuma mujhe isa prakAra vArajAla meM phaMsAkara ThaganA cAhate ho? zrIdatta ne kahAnahIM mAtAjI, abhI rAtri to tIna prahara bAkI hai. adhIra na hokara svastha citta se vicAra kara merA saMzaya mittaaiye| maiM Apa ke Age bhAgakara to nahIM jaauuNgaa| devI yaha suna vApisa mUrti ke pAsa A baitthii| devI vicAra karate-karate kisI nirNaya para na pahuMcI to usane phira Akara zrIdatta se khaa| zrIdatta unheM bArambAra saMzaya nivAraNArtha prerita karatA rhaa| devI idhara pazopeza meM rahI aura udhara prabhAta hote hI [ 187

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dvAra khula gyaa| zrIdatta eka kSaNa meM bAhara kUda pdd'aa| paharedAra use rAjasabhA meM le gye| vaha rAjA ko saharSa praNAma karake baitthaa| rAjA ne kotavAla ko bulAkara use mithyAdoSAropaNa ke aparAdha meM zUlI kA daNDa diyaa| zrIdatta ne anunayapUrvaka khaa--mhaaraaj| yadi aparAdha kSamA kareM to eka bAta khuuN| rAjA ne kahA, kho| kho| tumheM to sAta gunAha mApha hai| zrIdatta ne kahA-Apa aise buddhimAna kotavAla ko kyoM mAra rahe haiM jisane cha: mAsa ke vAda bhI merA cakhAranA pahicAna liyaa| zrIdatta ne Adi se anta taka sArI bAta rAjA ke pAsa nivedana kii| rAjA ne kahA-taba devI jhaThI huI ? zrIdatta ne rAta kI sArI bAta kholakara kahI ki usane kisa prakAra devI ko vArajAla meM ulajhA kara caturAI se apanI prANarakSA kii| zrIdatta kI bAta sunakara rAjA va sabhI sabhAsad usake buddhibala kI prazaMsA karate hue dhanya - dhanya kahane lage / zrIdatta ne ghara se javAhirAta kI chaho peTiyA~ maMgAkara rAjA ko sNbhlaaii| rAjA ne pUchA-tumane yaha saba prapaMca kyoM kiyA? usane kahA-zrImAna, maine bahattaravIM kalA kI parIkSA karane ke lie hI yaha kArya kiyA thaa| rAjA ne zrIdatta ko pradhAna maMtrI pada diyaa| buddhimAna kotavAla ko sammAnita karane ke sAtha siMhadAsa seTha ko bulAkara unakI amAnata javAhirAta supurda kii| zrIdatta apane vuddhibala se uttarottara unnati zikhara para ArUr3ha hokara sukhI huaa| 1 ]

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hai" likhate hue "mahAkavi vAgbhaTTa ne isI nagara meM nemi nirvANa kAvya racA thA" likhA hai yataH ahicchatra purotpanna prAgvATa kula zAlinaH / chAhasya sutazcakra prabandhaM vAgbhaTTaH kavi / / ahicchatrA pArzvanAtha tIrtha jaba ahicchatrA kA dhvaMza hI ho gayA to vahA~ racanA kaise huii| vAstava meM yaha ahicchatrA uttara pradeza kA prastuta tIrtha na hokara rAjasthAna kI hI nagarI hai| poravAr3a jAti zrImAlanagara (bhInamAla) aura rAjasthAna se hI saMbandhita thI aura suprasiddha itihAsakAra DA0 gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda ojhA ne nAgaura ko ahicchatrA mAnA hai| nAgaura ke nikaTa osatarAM gA~va bhI hai evaM ucchittavAlaosatavAla gotra bhI osavAla jAti meM vidyamAna hai jisake pratimA-lekhAdi pAye jAte haiM aura suprasiddha tapAgacchAcArya vijayadevasuri kA janma isI gotra meM huA thA / ataH nemi- nirvANa kAvya ke racayitA nizcita hI rAjasthAna kI ahicchatrA ke the vaha cAhe nAgora hoM yA ostraaN| astu| [ prAcIna aitihAsika tIrtha ahicchatrA ke sambandha meM jaba asta-vyasta di0 ullekha sAmane Aye to kAkAjI agaracaMda jI ke AdezAnusAra zvetAmbara pramANoM ko ekatra kiyA aura nibandha rUpa meM prakAzita kiyaa| prastuta nibandha meM ullikhita zilAlekhoM ke gaNa, kula, yAtrI saMghoM ke vivaraNa, aura Agama granthAdi ke ullekhoM se ahicchatrA zvetAmbara jaina tIrtha pramANita hotA hai|] kaniMghama sAhaba ko san 1894 meM ahicchatrA meM se eka tAmbe kA sikkA prApta huA thA jisake eka tarapha puSpa sahita kalaza aMkita thA aura dUsarI ora "zrI mahArAja hariguptasya" likhA huA thA / yaha lekha vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI kA hai| yaha koI gupta vaMza kA rAjA honA cAhie kyoMki puSpa sahita kalaza jainoM kA mAMgalika kalaza hai aura mathurA ke sthApatya meM vaha mukhyatA se Alekhita huA hai| ye rAjarSi jainAcArya ho gaye haiM jo hUNa samrATa toramANa ke guru the| mAlavapati devagupta harSavarddhana ke jyeSTha bhrAtA rAjyavarddhana se yuddha meM hArakara gupta vaMza ke jainAcArya harigupta ke ziSya bana gae hoM yaha bAta purAtattvAcArya zrI jinavijayajI ne apane kuvalayamAlA viSayaka lekha meM likhI haiN| tIrthakaroM ke cyavana, janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAna aura mokSa pAMca prasaMgoM ko kalyANaka kI saMjJA dI gaI hai, arthAt jisase jIvoM kA kalyANa ho yA jo Atma kalyANa meM sAdhana-kAraNa ho| ye prasaMga jina tithiyoM aura sthAnoM meM ghaTate haiM una tithiyoM ko kalyANa-tithi aura sthAna ko kalyANaka-tIrtha kahA jAtA hai / prathama tathaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke cyavana, janma aura dIkSA ayodhyA meM, kevalajJAna purimatAla aura nirvANa aSTApada para huaa| ye tInoM sthAna Aja bhI tIrtha rUpa meM mAnya haiM. jaba ki aSTApada himAlaya ke hima rAzi meM adRzya-lupta ho gayA hai| isI taraha anya sabhI ta.thaMkaroM kI kalyANaka zrI vijendrakumAra jaina, dillI dvArA prakAzita ahicchatrA tIrtha kI smArikA meM "ahicchatrA nagara kA dhvaMza 1004 I0 ke uparAnta gyArahavIM zatI I0 meM hI ho gayA lagatA [ 189

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tithiyoM va sthAnoM kA vivaraNa pAyA jAtA hai| aura una tithiyoM kI ArAdhanA tapa aura jApa Adi vizeSa rUpa se mAnya kiyA jAtA hai| kalyANaka tIrthoM kI yAtrAyeM karake dharmaniSTha vyakti apane ko bhAgyazAlI mAnate haiN| bhagavAna neminAtha kA janma saurIpura. dIkSA. kevala jJAna va nirvANa giranAra parvata para huA kintu anya sthAnoM ke sambandha meM vismRti hotI gaI ataH unakI jahA~ punasrthApanA kI gaI ve sthApanA tortha rUpa meM mAnya huA kyoMki bIca-bIca meM rAjanaitika uthala-puthala va upadravAdi ke kAraNa kalyANaka bhUmiyoM kI yAtrA banda-sI ho gaI thii| ataH kalyANaka bhUmiyoM kA sahI patA lagAkara nirNaya karanA kaThina hai| para rAjagRha, giranAra Adi parvata so apane sthAna para sthita haiM ataH aise sthAnoM ke sambandha meM to vizeSa zaMkA kA avakAza nahIM hai| isa mahAn upasarga kA dhyAna AyA to upasarga nivAraNArtha unake mastaka para saptaphaNa yA sahasraphaNa dhAraNa kara devI padmAvatI sahita vaha bhakti karane lgaa| jisa sthAna para yaha upasarga huA aura ahi arthAt sarpa ne phaNa phelAkara upasarga nivAraNa kiyA vaha sthAna ahicchatrA nAma se prasiddha huaa| bha0 pArzvanAtha kA yaha viziSTa jIvana-prasaMga hone se ahicchatrA tIrtha rUpa meM mAnya ho gyaa| zvetAmbara jainAgamoM meM AcArAMga sUtra sabase pahalA aura prAcInatama mAnya Agama hai| usakI bhadrabAhu racita niyukti meM usa samaya ke prasiddha jaina tIrthoM kA ullekha nimna gAthA meM huA hai aThThAvaya-ujjite gayaggapaeya dhammacakkeya / pAsa rahAvatta nagaM camaruppAyaM ca vaMdAmi / / 33 / / "gajAna pade dazArNakUTa vattinI tathA takSazilAyAM dharmacakra tathA ahicchatrAyAM pArzvanAthasya dharaNendra mahimA sthaane|"aac rAMga niyukti / bhagavAna pArzvanAtha aitihAsika kAla meM hue, yaha bAta sarvamAnya hai / unakA cyavana, janma evaM dIkSA to vArANasI nagarI meM huI jo kAzI-vArANasI ke nAma se Aja bhI sarvamAnya tIrtha rUpa meM prasiddha hai, anya 19 tIrthakaroM ke sAtha-sAtha bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA nirvANa bhI sammetazikhara tIrthapara huaa| yaha digambara-zvetAmbara sabhI ko mAnya hai para pArzvanAtha svAmI kA kevala-jJAna sthAna kaI zvetAmbara granthoM ke anusAra vArANasI meM huA . aura digambara granthoM ke anusAra ahicchatrA kSetra meM huaa| para yaha donoM sampradAyoM ko mAnya hai ki kevalajJAna se pUrva aura dIkSA ke bAda bIca ke 83 dinoM meM kamaTha ke jIva meghamAlI dvArA bha0 pArzvanAtha ko sabase bar3A upasarga huA / vaha sthAna pahale zaMkhAvatI nAma se prasiddha thA para jaba meghamAlI deva dvArA anya upasarga ke bAda bhayaMkara megha-vRSTi kA upasarga huA. pRthvI jalajalAkAra ho gayI, nAsAgra taka pAnI A gayA taba paMcAgni sAdhaka kamaTha tApasa kI dhUnI meM se jisa sarpa kI rakSA kI thI aura jo dharaNendra deva huA thA usake upayoga meM bhagavAna para isase pUrvavartI tIna gAthAoM meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki darzana-jJAna-cAritra-tapa-vairAgya-vinaya jina kAraNoM se zuddha banatA hai unakA lakSaNa khuuNgaa| tIrthaMkara bhagavantoM ke pravacana pracAraka, prabhAvaka AcAryoM ke kevala-manaparyava avadhijJAna, vakriyAdi atizAyI labdhidhArI muniyoM ke sanmukha jAne, namaskAra karane, unakA darzana karane, guNoM kA kIrtana karane unakI pUjA karane, se darzana-jJAna-cAritra vairAgya guNoM kI zuddhi hotI hai| janma kalyANaka sthAna, janmAbhiSeka sthAna, dIkSA sthAna. zramaNAvasthA kI vihArabhUmi. kevala-jJAnotpatti sthAna aura nirvANa kalyANaka bhUmi ko tathA devaloka, asurAdi ke bhuvana, meruparvata, naMdIzvara ke caityoM aura vyantara devoM ke bhUmistha nagaroM meM rahI huI jina pratimAoM ko tathA aSTApada 1, ujjayaMta 2. gajAgrapada 3, dharmacakra 4. ahicchatrA sthita pArzvanAtha 5, rathAvarta tIrtha 6, camaro 190]

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tpAta 7 ina nAmoM se prasiddha jaina tIrthoM meM sthita jina pratimAoM ko maiM vandana karatA huuN| gaNato bahmadAsiyAto kulatoucenagarito sAkhAto gaNisya Arya puzilasya zizini datilAti ti harinaMdisya bhaginiye nivartanA sAvikAnAM vaddhakininaM jinadAsi rudradeva dAtA gAlA rudradevasA ninA rudra..."gahamitra...""kumAraziri bamada dAsi hastisenA grahaziri rudradatA jayadAsi mitrshiri| muni kalyANavijayajI ne likhA hai niyukti kI gAthA 332 voM meM niyuktikArane tatkAlIna bhAratavarSa meM prasiddhi pAye hue 7 azAzvata tIrthoM ko bandana kiyA hai| muni kalyANavijaya jI ne ina sAtoM prAcIna jaina tIrthoM kI yathAjJAta jAnakArI dI hai usameM ahicchatrA tIrtha ke sambandha meM jinaprabhasUri ke ahicchatrA nagarI kalpa kA Avazyaka uddharaNa diyA hai| AcArAMga niyukti paramparAgata zvetAmbara mAnyatAnusAra caturdaza pUrvadhara zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu svAmI racita hai jo vIra nirvANa saMvat 170 meM svargavAsI hue / ataH aba se 2335 varSa pUrva kA yaha zvetAmbarollekha ahicchatrA tIrtha kI prAcInatA va prasiddhi kA sabala pramANa hai| "arthAt saM0 12 varSA ke caturthamAsa 10 veM dina koTikagaNa brahmadAsIya kula aura uccAnagarI zAkhA ke Arya puzila kI ziSyA datilA "harinandinI bhaginI kI AjJA se sutAra zrAvaka zrAvikAoM jinadAsI rudrAdevA, dAtA, gAlA ( gAMva ) kI rudradeva sAmIrudra'"grahamitra'"kumArazrI vamadAsI (vAmadAsI) hastisenA. grahazrI rudradattA, jayadAsI mitrazrI..." ( ne biMba karavAyA )" DaoN0 phuharara kI ullikhita saM0 74 kI caumukha pratimA ke cAroM ora do-do paMktiyoM meM khude lekha kI nakala bhI yahA~ de raheM haiN| . "saM0 704 gra01 di05 aya varaNato kulAto vajanakarito zAkhAto ayazIrakAto""""na dhanasya vAcakasya / ziziniye arya gahavalAye paNa ti dhAriye ziziniye Arya dAsiye devasya kaTuM vinaye dharavAyAye dati sshuye| zvetAmbara sampradAya meM ahicchatrAtIrtha prAcInakAla se mAnya va prasiddha rahA hai isakI puSTi vartamAna ke pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kI khoja se prApta mUrtiyoM va zilAlekhoM se bhI ho jAtI hai| I0 san 1892 meM DA0 phUharara ne jaba zodha kArya kiyA to unhoMne apanI lakhanaU myUjiyama kI aprila kI khoja riporTa meM likhA hai ki -"isa prAcIna sthAna meM mUrtiyA~, pabbAsana aura aneka vastue~ prApta huI haiM / eka prAcIna jIrga jaina mandira utkhanana dvArA eka khaNDita mUrti hastagata huI / yaha mUti pabbAsana sahita dhyAna mudrA meM pabbAsana rUpa meM haiN| pabbAsana ke madhya bhAga meM ubhayapakSa meM siMha khar3e haiM, madhya meM dharmacakra ke pAsa dono ora eka-eka puruSa mUrti ko vandana karate hue avasthita haiN| mUtti ke nIce pabbAsana meM eka abhilekha 'utkINita hai jo kuzAnakAlIna 'brAhmIlipi meM haiM "arthAt saM074 kI grISma Rtu ke prathama mAsa ke pA~coM dina"devakIpatnI dharavalA ne bAraNagaNa-kula vajra nagarI zAkhA aura Asraka ( saMbhoga ) tIna dhana "vAcaka kI"ziSyA grahavalA kI AjJA se. dAna' (san 1911 ke agasta sitambara kAnsa heralDa meM prakAzita lekhAnusAra jaina satyaprakAza, varSa 13 aM04) ye donoM pratimAyeM isa samaya kahA~ hai ? inake phoTo va zilAlekha prakAzita hone caahie| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI jIvanI sambandhI zvetAmbara sAhitya meM prastuta uparokta ahicchatrA kA ullekha prAyaH "saM0 102 va 4 di0 10 ettasya pUrbAyAM koTTiyAto [191

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sabhI pArzvanAtha caritra lekhakoM ne kiyA hai| gyAraha aMgoM meM mUla Agama sUtroM meM chaThTha jJAtAsUtra meM ahicchatrA nAma AyA hai yataH "1. tIseNaM caMpAe nayarIe uttara puracchime disi bhAe ahicchatrA nAma nayarI hotyA ridvatthamiya samiddhA vaNNao, tatthaNaM ahicchatrAeM nayarIe kanagakeu nAma rAyA hotthA "2. seyaM khalu mama vipulaM paNiya bhaMDamAyAe ahicchattaM nagaraM vANijjAe gamittae / "3. ahichataM nagaraM vANijjAe gamitta te" (jJAtAdharma kathA. pR0 192) tIrthaMkaroM ke svatantra jIvana caritra to bAda meM race gae haiM. pahale prasaMgavaza jJAtAsUtra Adi Agama, kalpasUtra, Avazyaka niryukti, paumacariyaM vasudeva- hiNDI Adi meM vivaraNa milatA hai phira 54 yA 63 zalAkA puruSa caritroM meM saMyukta rUpa meM zvetAmbara digambara donoM saMpradAya ke racita granthoM meM 24 tIrthaMkara 12 cakravartI, 9 vAsudeva, 9 prativAsudeva ke caritra pAye jAte haiN| inameM se zvetAmbara graMthoM meM saM0 925 meM zIlAcArya racita caupanna mahApuruSa cariye kA sarvaprathama sthAna hai isameM kucha bAtoM kI bhinnatA lie hue pArzvanAtha caritra varNita hai| isa grantha pArzvanAtha ke upasarga ke varNana meM dharaNendra ne hajAra phaNA ke chatra kA vikurvaNa bhagavAna ke Upara kiyA vaha eka taraha se maNDapa jaisA bana gayA Adi likhA hai / svataMtra pArzvanAtha caritroM meM saM0 1168 meM devabhadrasUri racita caritra ( prakRta ) tIsare prastAva meM kucha bhinna varNana karate hue likhA hai / "prabhu ne Upara traNa rAtri sUdhi chatra dhAraNa ka tyAra pachI svAmIe anyatra vihAra karyo pachI te nagarI pRthvItala ne viSe prasiddhi ne pAmI / " isake thor3e varSa bAda hemacandrAcArya racita triSaSTi-zalAkA 192 ] puruSa caritra parva 9 sarga 3 meM likhA hai ki bhagavAna vicarate hue kisI nagarI ke nikaTa tApasAzrama ke samIpa kueM ke pAsa eka vRkSa ke nIce kAyotsarga dhyAna meM sthita rahe. vahA~ meghamAlI ne bahuta se upasarga kiye| ghanaghora varSoM kA jala bhagavAna ke nAsikA taka Ane para dharaNendra ne Akara prabhu ke nIce kamala vikurvaga kie aura svayaM chatra dhAraNa karake rahA dharaNendra kI striyoM nRtya karane lagI mainAlI prabhu ke caraNoM meM girA / vahAM se vihAra kara vArANasI ke AzramapadodyAna padhArane para dhAtakI vRkSa ke nIce prabhu ko kevalajJAna utpanna huaa| AcArya hemacandra ke isa ullekha se upasarga sthAna ahicchatrA aura kevala jJAna sthAna vArANasI bhinna. bhinna sthAna siddha hote haiM aura kevalajJAna vArANasI ke AzramapadodyAna meM hone kA spaSTa ullekha hai / saM0 1165 ke pArzvanAtha caritra meM ahicchatrA kA spaSTa ullekha hai hI isake bAda 14 vIM zatAbdI meM to jinapramasUri ne yaha tIrtha yAtrA svayaM kI lagatI hai| unhoMne jo isa tIrtha kA svatantra kalpa racA hai usameM usa samaya jo pratimAe~ vApI kUpa sthAnAdi kA ullekha vahA~ kI auSadhiyA~ aura jala kA prabhAva batAte likhA hai vaha bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa hai| unhoMne apane vividha tIrtha kalpa ke caurAsI mahAtIrtha nAma saMgraha kalpa meM "ahicchatrAya tribhuvana bhAnu" diyA hai aura pArzvanAtha tIrthoM meM ullekhanIya hone se kalpa meM sammilita kiyA hai| evaM phalavaddhi pArzvanAtha kalpa meM usa samaya ke prasiddha pArzvanAtha sambandhI tIrtha sthAnoM ke nAma die haiM jisameM ahicchatrA kA bhI nAma hai "kalikuNDa kukkuDe sara siripavyaya saMkhesara seri saya maharA vArANasI ahicchatA thaMbhaNaya ajjAhara pavaranayara devapaTTaNa - karaheDaya nAgaddaha siripura - sAmiNI - - - .

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cArupa - dipurI-ujjeNI - suddhadatI - harikaMkhI liboDayAi vahA~ prAkAra kArakoM ne jaise-jaise uraga rUpI dharaNendra ThANa vaTTamANa * " ne kuTila gati se sarpaNa kiyA usI prakAra se ITa-niveza kiyA / Aja bhI vaisA hI prAkAra ratna dRSTigocara hotA anta meM phalavaddhi pArzvanAtha tIrtha kA mahAtmya hai| saMgha ne zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kA caitya nirmANa batalAte hue likhA hai ki isa tIrtha kI yAtrA karane se kraayaa| caitya ke pUrva dizA meM atimadhura prasannodaka uparokta pArzvanAtha sambandhI sabhI anya tIrthoM kI yAtrA kamaTha jaladhara se bhare hue sAta jalapUrNa kuNDa haiM / ho gaI aisA sampradAya puruSoM kA upadeza hai| una kuNDoM ke jala meM vidhipUrvaka snAna karane vAlI jinaprabhasUri ke uparokta uddharaNoM se yaha spaSTa hai| mRtavatsA striyA~ sthiravatsA hotI haiN| una kuNDoM kI ki caudahavIM zatI meM ahicchatrA pArzvanAtha zvetAmbara mAnya miTTI se dhAturvAdI loga dhAtu-siddhi honA batalAte haiN| ullekhanIya tIrtha rahA hai| aba isa tIrtha ke svatantra pASANa zilA se mudrita mukha vAlI siddhi rasa-kU.pakA bhI kalpa kA hindI anuvAda nIce diyA jA rahA hai jisase yahA~ dRSTigocara hotI haiN| jahA~ mleccha rAjA dvArA isakA viziSTa mahAtmya bhalIbhA~ti ujAgara ho jaaegaa| agnidAha Adi aneka udghATanopakrama niSphala ho ge| ahicchatrA- tIrtha kalpa tribhuvanabhAnu ke nAma se prakaTa zrI pArzvanAtha jinezvara ko namaskAra karake ahicchatrA nagarI kA kalpa kiMcit yathAzrata khuuNgaa| isI jaMbudvIpa ke bhAratavarSa meM madhya khaNDa sthita kuru-jAMgala janapada meM zaMkhAvatI nAmaka Rddhi-samRddha nagaro thii| vahA~ bhagavAna pArzvanAthasvAmI chAstha vihAra meM vicarate hue kAyotsarga sthita rhe| pUrva nibaddha vaira ke kAraNa kamaThAsura ne avicchinna dhArA pravAha se barasatA huA megha vikurvaNa kiyA, jisase sAre bhUmaNDala meM jalajalAkAra hokara bhagavaMta ke AkaNTha jala A gyaa| usa nagara ke bhItara aura bAhara savA lAkha kuMeM aura vApikAe haiN| madhurodaka kI yAtrA ke lie Aye hue logoM aura pavanAtha caityoM meM snAna karate hue logoM ko Aja bhI kamaTha prakhara tUphAna aura kAlI megha ghaTA . aura garjana va bijalI Adi dikhAtA hai / mUla caitya . ke nikaTa siddhakSetra meM zrI pArzvanAtha svAmI kA dharaNendrapadmAvatI sevita caitya hai| prAkAra ke samIpa zrIneminAtha bhagavAna kI pratimA sahita siddha-buddha kalita Amra lumba dhAriNI siMhavAhinI ambikAdevI vidyamAna hai| candra kiraNoM kI bhA~ti nirmala jala se paripUrNa uttarA nAmaka vApI hai jahA~ snAna karane aura vahA~ kI miTTI kA lepa karane se kuSTiyoM kA kuSTa roga zAnta ho jAtA hai / dhanvantari kUpa kI vicitra varNavAlI miTTI se guru AmnAya se sonA banatA hai| brahmakuNDa ke taTa para ugI huI maNDUka brAhmI ke pattoM kA cUrNa eka varNa vAlI gAya ke dUdha ke sAtha pIne se prajJA medhA sampanna niroga aura kinnara kI bhA~ti svara hotA hai| vahA~ upavana ke samasta vRkSoM meM auSadhiyA~ upalabdha hotI haiM jo una una kAryoM ko siddha karatI hai jaise jayantI. nAgadamaNI, sahadevI, aparAjitA, lakSmaNA, trivarNI, nakulI, sakulI, sAkSI, suvarNazilA, mohanI. paMcAgni sAdhaka kamaTha tApasa dvArA jalAe kATha meM dagdha sA~pa ko nikAle gae prabhu upakAra ko smaraNa kara nAgarAja dharaNendra ne avadhijJAna se dekhA aura apanI agramahiSiyoM ke sAtha Akara maNiratnamaya sahasraphaNAlaMkRta chatra prabhu ke Upara karake kuNDalIkRta nAgarAja ne unheM grahaNa kara usa upasarga ko nivAraNa kiyaa| tabhI se usa nagarI kA nAma ahicchatrA ho gayA / [ 193

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sAmalI, ravibhaktA, nirviSI, morazikhA, zalyA, vizalyA prabhRta mahauSadhiyA~ yahA~ vidyamAna haiN| yahA~ harihara, hiraNyagarma, caNDikAbhavana. brahmakuNDa Adi laukika to gaNAto thAniyAto kulAto vaira (to) (sA) khAto Arya araha (mh)| 2 sisini dhAmathAye (1) grahadatasyadhi-dhanahathi / tIrtha haiN| yaha nagarI mahAtapasvI sugRhIta nAmadheya kRSNarSi kI janmabhUmi hai| tatpada paMkaja parAga kaNa nipAta se pavitrIkRta eka vastra vAle pArzvanAtha bhagavAna ko smaraNa karane se Adhi-vyAdhi, sarpaviSa, siMha. hAthI, raNa, cora, jala, agni, rAjya, duSTagraha, mAri, bhUta, preta, zAkinI, pramukha kSudropadrava vizeSa kara bhavya jIvoM ko parAbhava nahIM krte| sakala atizayoM kI nidhAna rUpa yaha nagarI hai| yaha ahicchatrA nagarI kA kalpa padmAvatI dharaNendra aura kamaTha ke priya zrI jinaprabhasari ne saMkSepa meM varNana kiyA hai| || ahicchatrA kalpa samApta huA granthAgraM 36 / / ahicchatrA pArzvanAtha kalpa meM zrI jinaprabhasUrijI ne eka aitihAsika tathya aura mahatvapUrNa ullekha kiyA hai ki ahicchatrA meM sugRhIta nAmadheya mahA tapasvI kaNha RSi kA janma huA thaa| "tahA esA nayarI mahAtavassissa sugihIya nAmadheassa kaNharisiNojammabhUmitti / " ye kaNha RSi zvetAmbara sampradAya ke the jo kAphI prAcIna kAla meM ho gae hai| mathurA ke jaina purAtattva meM unakI mUrti bhI prApta hai| jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa pR0 124 meM mathurA ke eka khaNDita paTTa kA abhilekha yukta citra chapA hai jisameM staMbhoM para chajje ke Upari bhAga meM madhya meM stUpa aura ubhaya pakSa meM do-do jina nami-nemi-pArzva-mahAvIra kI cAra pratimAeM haiN| Upara nIce brAhmI lipi meM abhilekha utkINita hai| 1 (si) ddham saM095 (1) grI 2 di 18 koTTaya (1) arthAt-siddha saMvat 95 (1) grISma Rtu ke dUsare mahIne meM 18 veM dina koTika gaNa ke thAnIya kula kI vajra zAkhA ke Arya mahA (dina ) ziSyaNI dhAmatha kI bInatI se gRhadatta kI putrI aura dhanahathI (dhanahasti) kA putrI kI ( bheNtt)| nIce kaNhamuni khar3e haiM jinake dAhine hAtha meM UMcA kiyA huA rajoharaNa aura bAeM hAtha meM vastra-khaNDa hai| dAhinI ora abhayamudrA meM strI khar3I hai aura bAeM tarapha saptaphaNadhArI dharaNendra karabaddha avasthita haiM / Age do vyaktiyoM meM eka karabaddha khar3A hai| citra paricaya meM saM095 mA~ jaina yati kaNhanI mUrti, mathurA, pR0 124 likhA hai / ahicchatrA meM jina kaNha RSi kI janma bhUmi hone kA likhA hai ve saMbhavataH yahI haiN| vaise AThavIM zatAbdI meM eka anya kaNha muni rAjasthAna meM hue haiM unake saMbandha meM paM0 lAlacaMda bhagavAnadAsa gA~dhI kA lekha draSTavya hai| jinaprabhasUri ke bAda uttara pradeza, bihAra aura pUrva deza meM musalamAnI sAmrAjya ke kAraNa kAphI halacala rahI ataH AvAgamana bahuta kaThina ho gayA / jinaprabhasUri dvArA ullikhita mUttiyAM bhI saMbhavataH usake bAda kaI naSTa ho gaI, kaI sthAnAMtarita ho gaI tathA bhUgarbha utkhanana hone para usameM se bhI nikalanA saMbhava hai| zrI mahendrapramasUri kRta tIrthamAlA savRtti meM sivanayari kusaggavaNe pAso paDimaM Thioa dhrnniNdo| uvari tirattaM chattaM dharisu kAsIya vara mahimaM 59 taM heuM sA nayarI ahicchattA nAmao jaNe jaayaa| 196 .

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tahiyaM namimo pAsaM vigdha viNAsaM guNAvAsaM "60 paDimAe ThiyaM pAsa kamaTho hari kari pisAya pamuhehiM / uvasaggia to varisai akhaMDa juga musala dhArAhi "61 udagaM jeNa nAsaggaM patta to lahu karei dhrnniNdo| jiga uvari phaNA chattaM bhogegaya deha vahi parihiM "62 caraNAho gurunAlaM kamalaMto kamaTha khAmiuM nttttho| dharaNo gau savAsaM jiya uva saggaM namaha pAsa "63 svavAsaM nijasadanaM gataH he janAH tatra jinopasarga nirAkR. topasarga zrI pArvezaM namataH // 63 / / iti zrI pArvatIrtha mAhAtmyam // muniprabhasUri kRta aSTottarI tIrthamAlA meM-- ahichattA chaI tribhuvana bhAj, aMtarIkhu zrIpuri varakANuuM. nAgadrahi navakhaMDo // 13 // --jaina satya prakAza, varSa 12 aMka 4.5 / pATaNa ke saMghavIpAr3A bhaNDAra meM prati na0218 meM apabhraMza bhASA kI ahichatrA ke navaphaNa maMDita pArzva namaskAra gA0 5 kI kRti kA Adi anta Adi-jayaciMtAmaNi jayanAhu jaya navaphaga maMDiya jaya vANArasi jAya kAya jiya nIlasikhaMDiya jaya vAmAi (e) vi-AsaseNakula nahayala bhUSaNa jaya devAsura-zramaNa saMgha saMthuya dhuya dUSaNa tA deva deva dharaNiMda)ya kamaTha dappa cUraMtu paumAvai paNamiya calaNa maNa vaMchiya pUraMtu ||1|| aMta ceDaya-sayaDAlaghare navaphaNapAsa jiNiMdu / nami saravaNa ahichatrapure kharatara saMtisamudda / / 5 / / TIkA-zivanAre kuzAgravane zrI pArzvaH pratimAMsthitaH kAyotsarge sthitaH bhaktyA ca jJAnena tatjJAtvA dharaNendraH pAtAlAt Agatya upari trirAtraM chatraM adhArSIt vara mahimAnaM AkarSIt varamahimAnaM nATya raMgAdi prabhoH purastAnetyarthaH // 59|| tato hetoH sA nagarI jane loke nAmato 'ahicchatrA' jAtA tasyA nagaryA ahicchatre te nAma loka stadAdi praghuSTa mityarthaH tatra pArzva namAmaH kiM vi0 vighnavinAzaM vighnAnAM vinAzo yasmAt punaH kiM vi0 guNavAsaM guNAnAM AvAsaM ahinA sarpaNa chatraM dhRta mityarthaH'to ahicchatrA nAma jane prarUpitaH // 60|| puna prakArAntareNa pArzva tIrtha mAha pratimAyAM kAyotsarge sthitaM pArva kamaTho hari kari pizAca pramukhaiH upasarya siMha hasti vetAlarUpaiH upasargAn kRtvA tato akhaMDa yuga muMsala dhArAmi varSati akhaNDA avicchinnA yuga muMsala pramANa sthUlatvena jaladhArAH kamaThastadAvavaretyarthaH // 61 // udakaM pAnIyaM jina nAzAgraH zrI pArzva prabhu nAzikAgraM yAvat prAptaM tato. 'vadhinA tat jJAtvA tatrAgato dharaNendro laghuzIghra jinasyo. pari phagA chatraM karoti nAgena (bhogenazvapazcAt ) zarIreNa ca dehAvahiM paridhi veSTanaM ca prabhoH karoti yadvA kiM viziSTa phagA chatra bhoge na zarIreNa deha paridhi dehe zrI pArzvatanau bahu paridhiHparItatA yasya sarpa rUpo nAgendraH svazarIreNa prabhu zarIraM AveSTya phaga maNDala prabhoH chatraM yaspadeti kRtavAnityarthaH // 62|| caraNadhaH pAdayoradhastAt guru nAjaM (kamala) ca karoti tataH zrI dharaNendraNa prayuktAH'vadhinA svarUpa jJAtvA varjitaH kamaThaH kSamayitvA naSTaH dharaNa nAgendra pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM kharataragaccha ke lokahitAcArya Adi pUrva deza kI yAtrA karane gae jisakA vivaraNa vijJapti-mahAlekha meM pAyA jAtA hai / isase pahale saM0 1352 meM kalikAla kevalI zrI jinacaMdrasari jI kI AjJA se vA0 rAjazekhara gaNi, subuddhirAja gaNi Adi saMgha sahita pUrva deza ke jaina tIrthoM kI yAtrA karane gae va nAlaMdA caumAsA kara hastinApura saMgha nikAlane kA vivaraNa 'yugapradhAnAcArya gurvAvalI' meM milatA hai| 15vIM zatI ke uttarArddha meM jinavarddhanasari jaunapura ke 52 saMghapatiyoM ke sAtha pUraba kI yAtrA karane padhAre the para ina tInoM ke mArgavartI sthAnAdi kA pUrA vivaraNa nahIM milatA / saMbhava hai unake jAne kA mArga ahicchatrA se dUra va alaga par3atA ho / [ 195

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dA ahicchatrA kI yAtrA kA varNana satarahavIM zatAbdI se punaH milane lagatA hai| saM0 1661 caitra sudi 2 ko AgarA ke mukIma hIrAnaMda ne pUraba deza kI-sametazikharajI kI yAtrA kA saMgha nikAlA thA jisameM kavivara banArasIdAsa / ke pitA khar3agasena bhI sammilita hue the| vIravijaya (kharataragacchIya muni tejasAra ziSya ) ne isa yAtrA varNana garbhita caityaparipATo kI racanA kI hai| isameM ahicchatrA kI yAtrA kA isa prakAra varNana hai kaarajI dalAla zvetAmbara zrAvaka the| saM0 1667 meM AgarA ke zve0 jaina saMgha kI ora se tapAgaccha ke AcArya vijayasenasUri ko bheje gae vijJaptipatra meM jina 88 zrAvakoM va saMghapatiyoM ke nAma haiM unameM ye bhI haiM / yaha vijJapti patra 'ensienTa vijJaptipatra.ja' meM DA0 hIrAnaMda zAstrI ne . bar3audA sarakAra se prakAzita kiyA hai| kavi banArasIdAsa ke ahicchatrA yAtrA karane ke 5 varSa bAda saM0 1680 meM kavi AnandakIrti ne migasara sudi 12 ravivAra ko ahicchatrA kI yAtrA kara saMgha kI AzA pUrNa karane kA apane 18 gAthA ke stavana meM likhA hai, isa saMgha meM aura kahAM-kahAM yAtrA kI tathA saMghapati kauna thA isakA ullekha nahIM miltaa| aucaha praNa, paMca jiNa, rayaNapurI dhUmanAtha, saurIpura hathaNAurai'. ahichatti pArasanAtha // 18 // isa solasaiikasaThA varasaI. bahuta tIratha vaMdiyA, varadeva pUraba kA apUraba, bhavika jaNa ANadiyA / siri tejasAra susIsa bhAvai vIravijaya payaMpae. nita par3hata guNatAM huvai maMgala, milainavanidha saMpae // 19|| dUsarA varNana saM0 1675 meM kavi banArasIdAsajI kI yAtrA kA vivaraNa hai / banArasIdAsa jI usa samaya zvetAmbara-kharataragaccha ke anuyAyI the| unhoMne saM01675 ke pauSa mAsa meM saM0 varadhamAna kuMarajI dalAla ke saMgha sahita ahicchatrA aura hastinApura kI yAtrA kI thii| apanI mAtA aura bhAryA ke sAtha ratha meM vaiTha kara yAtrI saMgha ke sAtha vahA~ padhAre the| unhoMne apane AtmacaritaarddhakathAnaka ke nimna caupAI meM likhA hai __isake bAda ke tIna zvetAmbara jaina kaviyoM ke ahicchatrA tIrthayAtrA ke ullekha prAcIna tIrthamAlA saMgraha meM prakAzita hue haiM jisakA saMpAdana, prakAzana aba se 65 varSa pUrva saM0 1978 meM jainAcArya vijayadharmasUri ne kiyA thaa| isameM prakAzita tIna ullekhoM meM pahalA ullekha meM zalavijaya kRta tIrthamAlA kA saM0 1711 kA hai pahilA desa mevAti kahUM. ahichatrApuri pAsajI lahu~ / dUsarA ullekha saM0 1717 kA vijayasAgara kRta sammetazikhara tIrthamAlA meM prApta hai ahichatrai uttama namai, mathurA gar3ha gvAlera / tIsarA ullekha saM0 1750 kA saubhAgyavijaya kRta tIrthamAlA kA isa prakAra hai kari vivAha Ae ghara mA~hi / manasA bhaI jAta ko jaahiN| varadhamAna kuMarajI dalAla / calyo saMgha ika tinha ke nAla | 579 // ahicchattA-hathanApura jAta / cale banArasi uThi parabhAta / mAtA aura bhArajA saMga / ratha baiThe dhari bhAu abhaMga / / 580 // pacahattare poha subha gharI / ahichatte kI pUjA krii| phiri Ae hathanApura jahA~ / sAMti kuMthu ara pUje tahAM // . 581 // uparyukta padyoM meM ullikhita saMghapati varadhamAna jI ho AgarA thI IsAna meM, jIho zrI ahichatrA pAsa, jI ho kurU jaMgala nA dezamA, jIho parataSa pUre Asa / / 19 / / isI graMtha ke pR0 141 meM prakAzita meghavijaya kRta saM0 1721 likhita pAzvanAtha 108 nAmamAlA meM 196 ]

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ahichattau bhar3akula calavesara cIloqhai. sAmalau sumasAmI, seva karU mana koi ||12|| zAntikuzala kRta (saM0 1667 meM racita) stavana meMmuhara pAsa vei valI, ahichatroM ho ANI dhurAya / kalyANasAgara kRta pArzva caitya paripATI meMnavalakho nAse sadA ahichatte ho dIThe sukha thAya / uparokta tInoM taM thaMmAlAeM AcArya vijayadharmasUrijI ne prAcIna tIrthamAlA saMgraha meM prakAzita kI hai| suprasiddha vidvAna meghavijaya kRta 'parama guru parva lekha jo saM0 1747 meM amarohA meM racita hai, kI 16vIM - 17vIM gAthA meM ahicchatrA tIrthotpatti viSayaka ullekha isa prakAra hai pUrvayatkamaThaH zaThazca kRtavAn vaikRtya mantardiyA, nIranpranata nIravAha vigalatpAnIya varSAbharAt / tatracchatra pavitra citra racanAM cakre'hi cakra. zvara, stIrtha pArzva vimorihA janitadA'hicchatra puryAiyam ||16|| lokAzAMvara bharti bhartu ramalA mUrti jaMgalyA sure rAsevyA cari kati vighna vivaha dhvaMzaM tadA sevinAm / ahicchatrita pArzva zAzvata raverudyat phaNAnAM padA, dacizcAru sahastra vaibhava bhRta stIrthaM samarthoM zriyA ||17|| tIrthamAlA saMgraha ke 'saMkSipta sAra' ke phuTanoTa meM unhoMne isa prakAra likhA hai 1 ahicchatrA - barelI jile meM aionalA ( Aonla ) nAmanu gAma che, tenI uttara mAM 8 mAila Upara rAmanagara (Ramnagar) nAmanuM gAma che A rAmanagara thI dakSiNa mAM 3|| mAila nA gherAva mAM keTalAka khaMDIyaro che. Aja ahicchatrA kahevA mAM Ave che jinaprabhasUrie ahicchattA kalpa mAM ahicchattAnI utpatti, pArzvanAtha prabhu nuM maMdira enI pUrva dizA mA~ AvelA sAta kuNDo, mUla caitya nI najIka siddhakSetra mA~ dharaNendra padmAvatI yukta pArzvanAtha prabhunuM maMdira gaDhanI pAse neminAthanI mUrti sahita saddha ane buddha thI yukta AMbA nI luMba hAtha mA~ che, jene evi siMhavAhana vAlI aMbAdevI temaja bIjApaNa keTalA laukaka tIrtho vigere nuM varNana kayuche atyAre tenA smRti cinhoM - khaMDIyaroja mAtra che. prAcIna zodhakhoja nA pariNAme atyAra sUdhI mA~ jainoM nA be prAcIna mA~ prAcIna stUpo jAhera mA~ AvyA che temAM ahiMnopaga eka che, ane bIjo mathurA no / hamAre saMgraha meM ahicchatrA pArzvanAtha stavana kI eka aura prati hai| 19 padyoM ke isa stavana meM pArzvanAtha bhagavAn ke paMcakalyANakoM kA varNana karane ke sAtha-sAtha ahacchatrA ke upasarga kA bhI prasaMga varNita hai| isa stavana meM ahicchatrA kA pUrvanAma zivapurI likhA hai aura AdisAgara sarovara ke pAsa prabhu ke merugiri kI bhAMti aDiga rahane, kamaTha ke upasarga karane va dharaNendra ke dvArA UMce karake prabhu ke mastaka para ahicchatA (phaga) karane, padmAvatI ke gIta nATaka karane ke sAtha-sAtha prabhu ko kevalajJAna utpanna hone kA varNana kiyA hai| cauthI DhAla meM dharaNendra dvArA nagarI ahicchatrA yathArtha nAma dene kA ullekha hai| kharataragaccha ke kavi dayAtilaka vAcaka ke ziSya nityavijaya ne yahAM kI yAtrA apane guru ke sAtha saM0 1763 jyeSTha vadI 1 ko kara ke isa stavana kI racanA kI thI / AnaMdakIti aura nityavijaya ke donoM stavana aprakAzita hone se isa lekha ke sAtha prakAzita kiye jA rahe haiN| saM0 1662 se 1669 taka sarataragacchIya jayanidhAna gaNi ne bhI pUrva deza meM vicara kara yAtrAe~ kI ve likhate haiM sivanagarI siri pAsajI, kamaThAsura bala tAjai re / uparyukta sabhI ullekhoM se yaha tIrtha prAcIna kAla se zvetAmbara mAnya rahanA siddha hotA para ina yAtrA [ 190

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prasaMgAdi se avagata hone para bhI DA0 jyotiprasAda jaina,* paM0 balabhadra jaina,* * aura vijendrakumAra jaina* * * Adi ne kevala digambara tIrtha hone aura zvetAmbara mUrtiyoM, lekhoM ke prApta na hone kA likha diyA hai vaha ucita nahIM hai| jahA~ taka ahicchatrA tIrtha sambandhI ullekha kA prazna hai, tIrthavandana saMgraha ke pR0 118 meM DA0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara* * * * ne spaSTa likha diyA hai ki nirvANakAMDa ke nAma mAtra ke ullekha ke atirikta aura koI vivaraNa yA ullekha digambara sAhitya meM prApta nahIM haiN| jaba ki zve0 sAhitya ke ullekha nirantara aura anekoM prApta haiN| isI tathya ko ujAgara karane ke lie prastuta nibandha ko kAphI khoja karane ke bAda likhA gayA hai| ina puSTa pramANoM se phalita hotA hai ki ahicchatrA pArzvanAtha tIrtha zvetAmbara mAnya tIrtha thA aura vahA~ kI yAtrA karane AcArya muni evaM zrAvaka saMgha samaya-samaya para jAte rahe haiN| nikaTavartI sthAnoM meM zvetAmbara sampradAya ke ghara na hone ke kAraNa yaha upekSita ho gayA aura digambara samAja ne isake prati vizeSa ruci dikhAI aura Aja unake adhikAra meM hai para yahA~ kI kaI mUrtiyA~ anya sthAnoM se lAI gaI haiN| bUndI se tIna pratimA 20 varSa pUrva lAne kA ullekha paM0 balabhadra jaina ne apane grantha meM kiyA hI hai| lekha vAlI pratimA bhI vIra saM0 2481 meM mahAvIrajI meM pratiSThita huI thI / yahA~ kI kisI bhI prAcIna pratimA meM digambara sampradAya kA abhilekha nahIM hai, pAdukA kA zilAlekha bhI nayA hai| anta meM yaha bhI spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka hai ki kAyotsarga sthita digambara madrA kI pratimAoM ko digambara sampradAya kI batalAI jAtI hai, yaha bhramamAtra hai / prAcIna * zvetAmbara paramparA sammata AgamoM meM AcArAMga niyukti ko chor3akara anyatra ahicchatA viSayaka vizeSa vargana prApta nahIM hotaa| -zrI ahicchatrA pAzrvanAtha smArikA, pR060| * * "yahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA kI eka bhI pratimA na milane kA kAraNa yahI pratIta hotA hai ki yahA~ pAzvanAtha kAla meM digambara paramparA kI hI mAnyatA, prabhAva aura pracalana rahA hai|" - uttara pradeza ke digambara jaina tIrtha, pR0 103 / * * * "lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa se nagarI ujAr3a par3I rhii| sudUra dakSiNa meM adhikAMzataH race jAne vAle madhya. kAlIna digambara sAhitya meM tathA prAyaH usI kAla meM gujarAta saurASTra meM race jAne vAle zvetAmbarI sAhitya meM yaha prAyaH upekSita rhii| aura Aja bhI zvetAmbara muni kalyANavijaya jaise khojI vidvAnoM ko yaha likhanA par3A ki uparyukta ahicchatrA sthAna vartamAna meM kuru deza ko kisI bhUmi bhAga meM khaNDaharoM ke rUpa meM bhI vidyamAna hai yA nahIM, isakA vidvAnoM ko patA lagAnA caahie|" muni kalyANavijayajI rAjasthAna gujarAta meM hI vicare isalie "ahicchatrA na dekhane se vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa bhUla gaye hoM para unhoMne svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra' ke pR0 354 meM barelI se 20 mIla rAmanagara ahicchatrA kA sthAna nirNaya kiyA hai| yoM bahuta varSa pahale vijayadharmasUri aura nyAyavijaya jI tripuTI ne isa sthAna kA nirgaya kara hI diyA thaa| nyAyavijaya jI ne to kAphI vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| jaina satya prakAza meM bahuta varSa pUrva nAthAlAla chaganalAla zAha ke isa viSaya meM do lekha prakAzita ho cuke the| * * * * "ahicchatrA ke pArzvanAtha ko nirvANa kANDa ( atizaya kSetra kANDa ) meM bandana kiyA hai| isa saMgraha ke anya kisI lekhaka eka ( ne bhI ) isakA ullekha nahIM kiyA / jinaprabhasUri ne isa kSetra ke viSaya maiM kalpa likhA hai / " (vividha tIrthakalpa pR014) / "mahurAe ahicchatte vIrapAsaM taheva vaMdAmi'-nirvANa kANDa, pR0 37 / 198]

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zve0 lekhoM kI pratimAeM di0 mudrA kI mathurA meM prApta huI haiM ataH aisI pratimAyeM samAna rUpa meM donoM sampradAya mAnya thii| prAcInakAla kI aisI pratimAoM ko digambara sampradAya kA hI batalAnA sarvathA anucita hai| paM0 balabhadra jaina ne pArzvanAtha kAlIna digambara paramparA kA prabhAva likhA hai para prAcIna jainoM ke anusAra to pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI muni vastradhArI the / ahicchatrA para to zvetAmbara prabhAva thA hI yaha prAcIna kAla se aba taka ke zvetAmbara ullekhoM se spaSTa hai / yoM prAcIna kAla meM jaina tIrtha donoM sampradAya ke lie samAna rUpa se mAnya rahe haiM / tIrthaMkaroM ke upasarga-sthAna bahuta se haiM para tIrtharUpa meM mAnya hone kA mahatva kevala ahicchatrA ko hI milA hai| tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI prAyaH sabhI pratimAeM phaNa yukta hotI haiM cAheM sAta phaga, nau phaga yA sahasraphaNa | jaisI bhI ho zvetAmbara aura digambara sabhI ke mAnya hai / usa kI kalA meM vividhatA aura vikAsa kI praur3hatA dRSTigocara hotI hai para mastaka para phaNoM kA honA yaha ahicchatrA tIrtha kI hI dena hai| padmAvatI ke mastaka para pArzvanAtha svAmI kI vividha pratimAeM pAI jAtI haiM / mandiroM meM adhiSThAtR rUpa padmAvatI pratimA ke mastaka para bhI pArzvanAtha pratimA nirmita hotI hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke pA~ca kalyANakavAle sthAna to tIrthaM rUpa meM prasiddha hai aura unake upasarga sthala kI tIrtha rUpa meM prasiddhi ahicchatrA kI hI hai aura itane lambe kAla kA arthAt bha0 mahAvIra se pahale 2800 varga kA donoM sampradAya kA yaha prAcIna mAnya tIrtha hai| zrIjinaprabhasUrijI ne ahicchatrA nagarI kalpa kI prAraMbhika gAthA meM "tihuaNa mANUti jae payarDa" vAkya dvArA tathA caturazIti mahAtIrtha nAma saMgraha kalpaH meM "ahicchatrAyAM tribhuvana bhAnuH" vAkya dvArA saMbodhita kiyA hai| muniprabhasUri ne bhI apanI aSTotarI tIrthamAlA meM ahicchatrA ke pArzvanAtha bhagavAna ko tribhuvana bhAnu nAma se saMbodhita kiyA hai ataH yaha pArzvanAtha svAmI ke vividha nAmoM kI bhA~ti zvetAmbara paramparA meM prasiddha prAcIna nAma hai jo paravartI kAla meM vismRta ho gayA pratIta haMtA hai| pATana bhaMDAra ke zAMtisamudra kRta ahicchatrA pArzvanAtha namaskAra gA0 5 meM ahicchatrA pArzvanAtha ko navaphaNa maMDita likhA hai| yugapradhAna dAdA zrIjinadatta sUrijI ne narahar3a Adi sthAnoM meM navaphaNA pArzvanAtha pratimAeM pratiSThita kI usakA AdhAra ahicchatrA tIrtha ho to Azcarya nahIM nizcita to ahicchatrA meM vaisI prAcIna pratimA prApta hone para hI kahA jA sakatA hai| AnandakIrttikRta ahicchatrA pArzvanAtha stavana (saM0 1680) DhAla 1 naNadalarI ahichattA prabhu bheTIyA, mana dhari adhika ucchAha ho jinavara roma roma mana Ulhasyau dUri gayau duHkha dAha ho jinavara ||| 1 || aMkaNI // pAsanAha jagi paragar3au mahiyala mahimA jAsa ho ji0 iNa kali to sama ko nahIM, dina dina adhika prakAza ho ji0 ||2|| ajo samaratha sAhiba tUM sadA, sayala jantu AdhAra ho ji0 dUra dezathI AviyA kIjai sevaka sAra ho ji0 // 3 // aM0 puNya jogi maMi pAmiyau darasaNa zrI jinarAja ho ji0 nakha zikha mujha AnaMda bhayau phaliyA baMdhita kAja ho ji0 // 4 // aMo hiva hUM saraNai tAharau dIna hIna pratipAla ho ji0 nija sevaka ANaMda su. kUrama nayaNa nihAli ho ji0 ||5||aN0 [ 199

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DhAla 2- sajanI rI nityavijayakRta ahicchatrA pArva stavana (saM0 1763) dAla 1-nIMdraDalI bairaNi hoi rahI e jAti mAta pitA tUMhI sadA, tUM-hI jANa sujANa lalanA / bhavi bhavi tUM hI vAlahau, prabhu bhAvai jANa ma jANa ||6|| llnaa| maa0|| pAsanAha jAgi seharau, nayana sudhArasa meha llnaa| nayana vayana dekhata sadA. romaMcita huve deha lalanA ||7||maa0| hu~ bAlaka prabhu tAharau, tUM sAhiba siradAra lalanA / bhava sAyara bIhAmaNau.tiNathI pAra utAra lalanA // 8 // maa0| sevaka jana dukhiyA thakA, huvai sAhiba naI lAja llnaa| tiNa kAraNa vimAharA re, uttama sArau kAja lalanA / / 9|| maa0| desa desa jasa tAharau. gAvai bAla gopAla llnaa| kRpA karI nai mAharA, roga soga dukha TAla lalanA ||10|| cItai caDhiyau mAharai. aMtarayAmI eka llnaa| prema karau ANaMdasa, ehija uttama Teka lalanA // 11 // maa0| DhAla 3-mahidI rI mana mohayau taha mAharaure, tuma raMga rAtI deh| rU' rU' raMga bheTI rahyau re, au kachu adhika saneha / / 12 / / ahichattA prabhu bheTIyA re, mana dharI adhika aNaMda / suMdara rUpa suhAMmaNau, prabhu dIThA cita lAya / / pApa tApa dUrai gayau re, pavitra thaI mujha kAya / / 13 / / a0|| sarIsai saMkhesaraire, gaur3I phalavaddhi pAsa / rAjanagara khaMbhAtai re, ThAma ThAma pUrai Asa ||14|| a0)| ta~ surataru suramaNi samaure, vachita pUraNahAra / vATa ghATa nita jAgatau re, jANai sayala saMsAra ||15|| aM harihara brahmAdika ghaNA re, mujha dIThA na suhaaii| to sarikhau jagi ko nahIM re, jiga bheTayAM dukha jAI ||16|| aMol saMvata sole assIyaire, magasira sudi ravivAra / bArasa dina prabhu bheTIyA re mana dhari harakha apAra ||17||a0|| sukha saMpati karije sadA re, sAhiba sujasa nivAsa / ANaMdakIrati saM sadA re, zrI saMgha pUrI Asa ||18a kAzI deza pUraba dizi kahai, nayarI tihA ho vANArasI nAma | nikaTa bahai gaMgA nadI, Rddhe bharI ho sobhe abhirAma ||1|| paragaTa ahichatto pAsajI, guNa gAuM ho manadhari ucharaMga ||pr0|| aaNknnii|| tihAM azvasena rAjA achepaTarANI ho vAmA paradhAna / tasu uyarai prabhu avataracA. cetra badi cathi ho sauhai yAminI nai gyAna ||2|p0|| niramala cavadaha supanA dIThA, mana haraSI ho bAmA de maataa| garabha kalyANaka guNanilo, bahuucchava ho hari kIyo vikhyAta ||3||p0|| poSa dasami prabhu janamIyA, sura nara tiri ho nArakI pAyo sukha tInei tribhuvana harakhIyA, bahu sukhiyA ho kiNanai nahIM duHkha ___|paoll DhAla 2-rAdhe tere naina bANa madhu suMbhare-e dezI jovana meM jaba paravaracA ho prabhu paramAvatI paraNyA pAsakumArajI aho gAvaM mana ucharaMga paragaTapAsajI aho dIpai teja diNaMda, ahichatta pAsajI / saMsAra nA sukha bhogavyA ho jaba kAraNa ika upanA / pA0 ahogAvaM ahiM0 ||5|| neminAtha jAna cItarI ho, pekhI pAsa jinA pA0 vairAgI bhae rAjasU ho. tihAM bhAvI bAraha bhAvanA pA06|| e saMsAra asAra hai re, jaise jagi syupanAM pA0 dIkhata kuM dIkhai sahI re ho, hai na kachu apanA |paa| aho gA0 A0 ||7|| grISama bhISama ritu samai ho, tisIyAM mRga tRsanAM pA0) taisaiI yaha jANIyai ho. jobana caMcala jIvanAM / / pA0 // 8 / / poSa igyArasa tapa lIyo taba, manaparyava upanAM |paa| causaThi iMdra cihu~ disai ho, karai prabhu kuM vaMdanA // paa09|| 200 ]

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pratimA thApI teNai ThAmai. iMdrai bhavika hita kAmai jii| hivazrI pAsa sukhe vicaraMtA, aboha jIvAM UdharatAMjI ||16||p0|| sau varasAM sIma pAlI kAyA. sametazikhara jiNarAyAjI / zrAvaNa sudi aSTamI ziva pahu~tA. tetIsa muni sAthi huMtAjI // 17 // 0 // iNa pari paMca kalyANaka gAyA, ahiMdhattA jAta AyA jii| puNyai nara bhava saphalA pAyA, pAtaka dUri pulAyAjI ||18|pon DhAla 3-rAga mAraNI caurAsI dina lagi hiva citta meM ho, kAya bosarAya mauna kIdha viharatA prabhu sivapurI nai kanhai re, bar3atala kAusagga lIdha // 10 // pragaTa virAje ho ahichatta pAsajI ho. guNa gAvaM mana udyaraMga / / pr0|| aaNknnii|| Adi sAgara saravara nai Agale homerugiri jema aDagga / kamaTha saTha tApasa no jIva chai tiko ho, meghamAlI karai uvasagga ||11|| pr0|| vAyu vikurvI jhar3a lAgau varasavA ho. mUsaladhAra pramANa / prabhu nAsA sIma pAMNI UMco caDhyo ho. dharaNendra Ayo sAvadhAna // 12 // pra0 / / mAthai prabhu nai ahi chatra mAMDIyo ho. UMcA liyA ANI bhkti| battIsa baddha nATaka kara padmAvatI ho. 'nAce navI navI karI sakti // 13 // pr0|| samatA damatA rasa mAMhi jhIlatA ho,dhyAvatAM zukkala dhyAna / caitra kisana dina cauthi nai upano ho, niramala kevalajJAna ||17||pra0|| DhAla 4-suNi bahinI ehano // kalaza // saMvata guNa rasa muni dharAye (1763) jyeSTha pahile mAsa e| kRSNa pakSai prathama paDivA manahapUrI Asa e|| dayAtilaka vAcaka bhAva bhattai Aya ahichattai managamai / nityavijaya jaMpai pAsa jiNavara seva mujha mana meM game / / 19 / / iti ahidhatA pArzvanAtha vRddhastavanam / saM0 1785 // ahichattau pArasanAtha kIdhau, nAma yathAratha dIdhojI ahichattA nayarIya vasAI. dharaNendra zobha badhAIjI // 15|| paragaTa ahichattojI parasai. mana vaMchita tasu sarisyaijI // 10 // AgarA ke loDhA kuMarapAla sonapAla ke saMgha varNana rAsa meM kharataragacchIya kavi vinayasAgara ne kampilapura yAtrA ke anantara ahicchattA yAtrA kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai ahicchattai AvI karI, vadhA zrI pAsa jiNaMda re| [ 201

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hoMge aura bhojana ke yogya bneNge| vaise hI. kore kriyAkANDa bhakti ke binA kevala kAyA kaSTa hI siddha hoNge| bhagavAna kRSNa kI bhakti kA pracAra gaurAMga mahAprabhu ne khUba kiyA. jisase prabhu-darzana aura Atma-siddhiyA~ prApta huii| aneka prakAra kI camatkArika ghaTanAyeM pratyakSa dekhakara loga niSThAvAna bne| jisane saMkIrtana aura dhuna Adi ko apanAyA. ve apane ArAdhya ke prati pUrNatayA samarpita hokara apanI dhyeya-siddhi meM saphala hue| saMkIrtana se, bhakti se, niSThA se viSa bhI amRta meM parivartita ho jAtA hai| bhakta ziromaNi mIrA kA udAharaNa jagat prasiddha hai| ataH ArAdhya ke prati samarpaNa bhAva hI Atma-zakti ko prakaTa karane vAlA hai / unheM labdhiyA~. siddhiyA~ Adi prApta ho jAtI haiM aura sAtvika jIvana kara, barbara aura atyAcArI manuSya ko apane anukUla banAve, usakI to bAta hI kyA, hiMsaka pazu sA~pa Adi bhI saba zAnta ho jAte haiN| prema. bhakti kA amogha astra jisake pAsa hai, use saMsAra meM kucha bho durlabha nhiiN| jaina dharma meM bhakti aura saMkIrtana sAdhanA ke aneka mArga haiN| jisaprakAra eka hI gantavya sthAna ke lie bhinna-bhinna mArgoM se gamana kiyA jA sakatA hai| dUrI kA antara bhale hI ho para ve eka dUsare ke virodhI nahIM. pratyuta sahayogI hI kahalAyeMge, usI prakAra sAdhanA mArga meM jJAna-mArga aura bhakti-mArga kA prAdhAnya hai| jJAna-mArga eka iMjana kI bhA~ti hai. jise aneka prakAra ke kala-pujau~ se saMcAlita kiyA jAtA hai| vaha zrama-sAdhya aura durUha hai| kintu bhakti-mArga usake pIche lagane vAle DibboM kI bhA~ti hai| usase jur3a jAne vAle Dibbe avazya hI gantavya sthAna ko prApta kareMge aura jo vibhakta raheMge ve par3e raha jaaeNge| bhakti meM kevala ekaniSTha zraddhA kI AvazyakatA hai| jahA~ jJAna-mArga meM abhimAna, IrSyA Adi doSoM kA bar3A khatarA hai. vahA~ bhakti-mArga meM laghutA, dInatA, sampUrNa samarpaNa bhAva aura dhyeyaprApti kI tamannA hI pradhAna hai| nAma saMkIrtana kI svara laharI bAhya aura Abhyantara samasta vAtAvaraNa ko parivartita kara, zuddha sAtvika bhAvoM ke paramANu bikhera kara, pApiyoM kI pApa-bhAvanA naSTa kara sanmArga ke prati gatizIla banA detI hai| ataH prabhu nAma-kIrtana-bhakti kA jitanA adhikAdhika pracAra hogA. deza kI unnati meM camatkArika rUpa se parivartana lAkara vizva-maitrI kI sthApanA kregii| saMkIrtana ke pratApa se bhaktoM ko pA~coM indriyA~ bhagavAnamaya anubhUti prApta karAtI haiN| sparzanendriya divya sparza anubhava karAtI hai| rasanendriya divya svAda sahasradala kamala dvArA divya amRta pAna karAtI hai| ghrANendriya divya sugandhi kI vaha anubhUti karAto hai ki vAhya jagat usakA Akalana nahIM kara sktaa| cakSuindriya divya-darzana dvArA bhagavAn ke darabAra kI bhakti bharI lIlAyeM pradarzita karAtI haiN| zrotrendriya to vividha rAga-rAginiyA~ aura yadi bhagavAna ke prati hRdaya meM bhakti nahIM ho, ekaniSThA na ho. to sAre kriyA-kANDa chAI para lIpane ke sadRzya haiN| AhAra ke lie cAvala maujada hai para unheM kore hI Aga para car3hA degeM to ve jala jaayeNge| ataH hama apanI bubhukSA unase na miTA skeNge| yadi cAvaloM ke sAtha hama jala kA mizraNa karake DAlegeM to ve siddha 202]

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prazna thA / cintana cala rahA thaa| rAtri meM svapna meM bhAloM kI noka ke chidra ko dekhakara suI kI noMka para chidra karane se sArI samasyA hala ho gii| yaha bAta hameM yaha rahasya batalAtI hai ki AtmA kI acintya zaktiyA~ bhakta ko bhagavAna ke rUpa meM apanI dhAraNA ke anusAra siddhi prApta karA detI haiN| bINA. veNu, baMzI Adi vAMchita svara tAlabaddha sunAtI haiN| yaha siddha ho jAne para jaba jaisI icchA ho saMkIrtana kI dhvani sunate hue AtmA bAhya jagat se haTa kara antara meM ramaNa karane lagatI hai| jaba nAda dhvani khula jAtI hai taba agama reDiyo dvArA yatheccha saMgIta sunatA hai| bhakta isakA pratyakSa anubhava karatA hai. para yaha sAdhanA kI prAthamika bhUmi hai| vahIM na aTaka kara use to Age bar3hanA hai / Atma-sAkSAtkAra paramAtma sAkSAtkAra karanA hai| sAdhaka yadi paMcendriyoM ke viSayoM meM aTaka jAyegA arthAt rAja darabAra meM svAgatArtha pragaTita divyoM meM aTaka jAegA to vaha rAjA ke darzana kaise karegA? use to AtmAnubhUti mArga se Age bar3ha kara ArAdhya prabhu se ekatva prApta karanA hai. jo vaha hai, vahI maiM hUM / 'soham' kI isa sAdhanAnubhUti meM bhakta sAdhaka Ananda vibhora ho jAtA hai| vahI bhakti kI parama upalabdhi hai| prArthanA aura nAma-saMkIrtana ko sabhI dharmoM meM Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| usake prabhAva se sabhI prakAra ke bhaya, cintA Adi se mukta hokara bhakta nirbhaya ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra apanI mAM kI goda meM bAlaka sarvathA nirbhaya rahatA hai, usI prakAra prabhu nAma saMkIrtana use aSTa mahAbhayoM se ubAra kara sarvathA surakSita kara detA hai| bhagavAna kI pUjana vidhi meM bhakti hI sAra hai, bhAvanA pradhAna hai, sAdhanA sAmagrI to sthiratA, ekAgratA ke lie rUpaka hai / jisa prakAra hama jalAdi se bhagavAna kA abhiSeka karate haiM, parantu usameM vAstavika jala to bhakti hai| adhyAtma-tattvavettA zrImad devacandrajI ke zabdoM meM 'kalaza pANI mise bhakti jala sIMcatA' hI rahasya hai| bhaktAmara stotra ke kartA zrI mAnatuMgasUri apane 'namiUNa' saMjJaka bhayahara stotra meM bhagavannAma saMkIrtana ke prabhAva kA varNana isa prakAra karate haiM bhakta loga bhagavAna ko vividha stuti se. nindAstuti ke upAlambha se virUdAte haiN| vaha vidyA-vilAsa hai. para antara-hRdaya ke tAra, TelIvIjana yA TelIphona kI bhA~ti jor3ane ke lie bhakti karanA. dhuna karanA. saMkIrtana karanA uttama aura nirApada mArga hai| usase bhakta ko apane ArAdhya ke prati ekAgratA Ane se usake sAkSAt darzana ho jAte haiN| bhakta jisa rUpa meM bhagavAna ko Akalita karatA hai. usI rUpa meM bhagavAna ke darzana pAtA hai| vAstava meM ve apanI AtmA kI acintya zaktiyAM haiM. jo makta ko bhagavAna rUpa meM, vaijJAnika ko vijJAna sphuraNA rUpa meM sAphalya-lAbha detI hai| bhakta apane ArAdhya kI apanI dhAraNA ke anusAra vivadha lIlAoM . ke darzana kara Atma * tuSTi aura dhyeya - siddhi prApta karatA hai / vAstava meM laganazIlatA, citta kI ekAgratA usake kAryasiddhi meM sahAyaka hotI hai / sigara silAI mazIna ke nirmAtA ko sArI saphalatA milI. para suI ke sAtha dhAgA jAne para vApasa kaise Ave yahI roga-jala-jalaNa-visahara-corAri-maIda-gaya-raNa bhyaaii| pAsa jiNa-nAma saMkittaNeNa pasamaMti savvAI // arthAt-bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke nAma saMkIrtana se roga jala, agni, sA~pa, cera, zatra, siMha, hAthI tathA yuddha ke bhaya naSTa ho jAte haiN| zrI jinavallabhasUrijI kRta laghu ajita zAnti stotra meM kahA hai ki [ 203

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bhajana kIrtana kareM / navamI kI rAta ko yaha Ayojana huA aura arddharAtri meM tUphAna va patthara varSA se sAre paTa TUTa kara ur3a gaye. kevala supArzvanAtha bhagavAna kA paTa sthira rahA / loga vismita hokara kahane lage-'ye arihaMta deva haiN| usa paTa ko sAre nagara meM ghumAyA, paTa yAtrA pravartita huii| ari-kari-hari-tiNhuNhaMbu-caurAhi-vAhI samara-Damara-mArI - rudda - khuddovsggaa| palaya majiya saMta-kittaNe jhatti jaMtI nivir3a tara tamohA bhakkharA lukhiyavva / / -jaise sUrya ke sparza mAtra se ati nivir3a andhakAra samUha zIghra naSTa ho jAtA hai vaise zrI ajitanAtha aura zAntinAtha bhagavAna kA guNa saMkIrtana stuti se zatru, hAthI, siMha, tRSA, garamI, pAnI aura Adhi-vyAdhi, saMgrAma Damara, mAri aura vyantarAdi ke maMyakara upadravoM kA nAza hotA hai| bhakti-stuti-saMkIrtana ke prAcIna jainAgamoM meM agaNita udAharaNa pAye jAte haiM / zaraNApannatA to vahA~ pada-pada para pradhAna haiN| cAra zaraNa meM samarpaNa bhAva hI to hai| tIrthakaroM ke samavasaraNa meM deva-devIgaNa vAdya nRtya aura gIta laya ke sAtha saMkIrtana karate the| jinAlaya vastutaH samavasaraNa ke hI pratIka haiN| unameM nRtya-vAjitra aura saMkIrtana ke kakSa-maNDapa sarvatra haiM hii| staMbhoM para ina gIta nAda vAjivarata kinnara, gAndhoM aura deviyoM kI kalAmaya bhAva-bhaMginA yukta agaNita mUrtiyAM banI rahatI hai| AbU. Ara.sana, devagar3ha, jaisalamera Adi ke mandiroM meM ye zilpa bhakti-saMkIrtana ke amara pratIka haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke ziSya nandiSeNa kRta 'ajita zAnti stotra' prAkRta bhASA kI eka prAcInatama kRti hai jo 42 chandoM meM haiM aura usake prAcInatama durlabha chaMda Aja bhI rAga-rAgiNI ke sAtha bole jAte haiN| isameM bhakti-zaraNApannatA aura prabhu-varNana ke sabhI rasa UMDela diye gaye haiN| prabhu nAma saMkIrtana kA mahatva nimnokta mAgahiA ( mAgadhikA) chaMda meM kahA hai ki ajiya jiNa suha pavattagaM, taba purisuttama nAma kittaNaM / taha ya dhii-mai-pavattaNaM, tava ya jiNattama saMti kittaNaM / / -he puruSoM meM uttama ajitanAtha / he jinottama shaantinaath| tuma donoM ke nAma saMkIrtana-stavana sukha dene vAlA tathA dhairya aura buddhi prakaTAne vAlA hai| isI stotra ke ratnamAlA chaMda (jaM surasaMghA sA surasaMghA) meM batalAyA hai ki devoM aura asuroM kA saMgha bhagavAna kI bhakti meM vaira-bhAva bhulAkara kaise vAhanoM meM aura kaisI veza-bhUSA meM Ate haiN| mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI meM eka vizAla jaina stUpa nikalA, jisakI mUrtiyA~ mathurA, lakhanaU evaM videzoM ke saMgrahAlayoM meM haiN| usake itihAsa meM vividha tIrthakalpa meM zrIjinaprabhasUri mahArAja ne likhA hai-yaha lAkhoM varSa pUrva kuverA devI ne sthApita kiyA, jo deva-nirmita bauddha stUpa kahalAtA hai| ekA-eka pragaTa hone para ye kisake ArAdhya deva haiM ? isa bAta kA nirNaya karane ke lie citrapaTa meM apane apane devoM ko Alekhita kara rAta bhara jJAtA sUtra aura rAyapaseNIya sUtra meM dropadI. sariyAma deva Adi kI bhakti kA vizad varNana pAyA jAtA hai| sataraha bhedI pUjA meM nRtya, saMkIrtana aura vAdya Adi pradhAna hai| pUjA sAhitya bahuta vizAla hai, Aye dina utsavoM meM pUjA-bhajana rAtri-jAgaraNa Adi bhakti ke Ayojana pracuratA se jaina samAja meM hote hI rahate haiN| 200

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zrI dhanadevI mAtAjI stavana [ bhASA : apabhraMza ] rayaNakUTa saMTThANa sohaTThiya haMpI pura vara, tuMgabhadda taDa puvva kAla kikkidha manohara thappiya sahajANaMda suguru siri rAyacaMdAssama, guru jiNayatta NivvANa dIha jaha jotti aNovama-1 mAyA siri dhaNalacchi siromaNi niya ceyaNa raya, karuNa sahAvI laddhi siddhi jaha vayaNa abhiya maya, kaccha paese saMbharAI uvaesa suvaMsiya, sivajI kaMkuma bappa mAya kucchI sara haMsiya"2 sisuvaya payar3iya alava satti puga devAdhiTThiya, puvvajamma kaya puNNa kA jinayatta sudiThThiya; sahasa satta muNi rudda bhave jiNa dhamma paiTTiya, seTThi saA bhaMtIya abhaya mAulahara ciThThiya"3 zrI mahimApramasAgara prazasti [ bhASA : apabhraMza ] kacha bhuja niva khaMgAra rAya bAlattaNa bhattaha. AmaMtiya sammANa sahiya khalu vimhiya pattahaH cora carar3a bhaya dUra kariya vacchala guNoaya, pANiggahaNe kannadANa khaMgAra sayaM kiya"4 jaya mahimappaha samaNa maur3a jaya laliya caMdappaha / Adariya saMjama rayaNattaya ArAhaNa suvihiya ph|| pahu pAsanAha kallANa tittha saMThiya dui vacchara / sakkiya pAiya vAgaraNa sAhitta kavva ajjhayaNa suhakara ||1|| daMsiya suhaNe sarala diNe payaDiya niya dehai. bhadda guru cAumAsa Thiya mahAlacchI gehai : Una pAvAgiri tittha patta pamuiya mattibbhara, patta bIha giha catta bikkapura saraNa murNa sara"5 nANa sarovara NhavaNa sayaya apamatta cAritta ry| mahovajjhAya paya heu samayasuMdara maha pabaMdhakaya / / tittha jatta vihariya kameNa kalikattA paudhAriya / pavayaNa pabhAva bohiya bahula buha supasaMsaha kAriya // 2 // pharasiya aya pArasamaNi guru kaMcaNa parivattiya, niya nANeNa vAsa vuTTi kiya saMsaya virahiya: laddhi-siddhi supamAva virala naha gai nANAviha, maraNa samAhi karaNa kajja jIvai par3ibohiya"6 hIrAuta daphatariya vaMsa akalusa hIraga sama / nimmala sudiDha caritta vayaNa pAlaga guNa aNuvama || ajjhattatatta sajjhAya jhANa aNadiNa ajjovau / guNa maNi saMgaha sIla apamatta guNaThANa Arohau ||3|| jIyajasA ajjA rayaNa suviyakkhaNa maMDalu / bhadda sahAbI mAya kucchi -sara juga muNi haMsasa / taNayA agara jasu kittidhara puhaviya tala supsiddhu| jayau sucira sahabappa chatta 'bhamara' havau samiddhau ||4|| [ 205

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kharataragaccha prazasti [bhASA : saMskRta ] DhATI-zAntinagara maNDana jina pratiSThA stavana sevo sevo ho dhari bhAva zAnti jiNaMdA / bhava jala tAraNa nAva, acirA ke naMdA se0|| jinadattaM guru natvA sUrezca kuzala prabhoH / suvihitasya mArgasya likhyate'yaM prazastikA / / 1 / / gacche kharatare svaccha kSamAkalyANa pAThako / zuddha sAdhu kriyA dhArI vidvajjanai ziromaNiH // 2 // zramaNAryA susaMgho'bhUt paramparA suvistRtaa| tapasvI kriyA pAtrAzca gaNAdhIza paramparA / / 3 / / sUri padaM prAptoyena 5jImagaMja purevare / zrIharisAgarAcArya jainadharma prabhAvakaH // 4 // paTToddhAraka sadvaktA sUri ANaMdasAgaraH / vIraputrAbhidhAnena khyAti mApta subhArate // 5 // sumati sindhapAdhyAya pa? zrImaNisAgaraH / prApta sUri padaM yena zAstra vAdi ziromaNiH // 6 // satkAvya kalA pratibhA-dhArI kavIndra sUrayaH / racitAni yaizca satpUjA stava kAvyAnyanekazaH // 7 // zrI hemendra gaNAdhIza tatpaTThodaya sAgaraH / dvitIyo nuyogAcAryaH kAntyabdhiH suprabhAvakaH / / 8 // saMgha yAtrA susaMsthAna mupdhaanaady'nekshH| pratiSThA jina bimbAdi kAritAni mahotsavaH // 9 / / samAyojita saMghena jayapurehi sadutsave / ASAr3ha SaSThI divase sUri pade drau sadgurau ||10|| svanAma dhanya pratApIzca sanmuni mohanalAlajit / jinayazaH sUri paTTe jinaddhi ratnasUrayaH // 11 // labdhi kezara buddhizca paatthk-pnyaasau-gnnii| jayAnanda kriyApAtra pravacane vAcaspati / / 12 / / AgamajJA sadviduSI AryA zrI sjjnaabhidhaa| pravartinI padArUr3hA kavayitrI sallekhikA ||13|| bhaktayA bhaMvaralAlena' guMphito'yaM prazastikA / zAsanonnati kurvantu dIrghAyuSi guruttamA / / 14 / / solama jinavara paMcama caMkrI, hastinApura mahArAja ||shaaNti|| garbha meM Ate mAri nivArI. sAryA bhavika jana kAja |zAMti||zAse0| vizvasena napa kaMvara pade meM, varasa paccIsa hajAra ||zAMti0| chaH khaNDa sAdhI rAjya dIpAyA. AtmArtha dIkSAdhAra __||zAMzase0| kevala pAkara bhavi pratibodhe, lAkha varSa AyudhAra zAMoll sametazikhara para mokSa sidhAye, cakrAyudha gaNadhAra ||zAMo||3| | Atma svabhAva pratyakSa karaNa ko, puSTAlaMbana hetu ||shaaNoll dADhI nagara meM bhavya jinAlaya, bhavasAgara kA setu |zAM|8|| segA samati zItala jina ubhaya pakSa meM,triratna prApti kAja zAM0|| sAre jagata ke zAMta paramANu, Aya mile mAno Aja zAM||zAsekA zAsana surI nirvANI garur3a yakSa, dAdAjinadattagururAja ||shaaN0|| mAgha sudi pakSa dazamI guru dina, karI pratiSThA zubha kAja zAM ||se|| do hajAra sataraM meM bhaTTAraka, jina vijayendra mahArAja zAMoll suvrata-devendra zrIupadezAt.kiyA uttama kAja ||zAM0/7||se0|| pArakha suganacaMda lUNakaraNa pAMcI. devI saMpata sa khakAra |zAMoll rUpa vijaya munirAja padhAre, saMgha caturvidha maMgalavAra ||shaaN08se|| kSAyika darzana pAUM prabhU meM, athavA do bhaktikI pAja ||zAM0|| caraNa kamala meM 'bhaMvara' rahe nita, cAhUM nanara sura rAja ||zAM0||9|| 206 ]

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zrI campApurI maNDana vAsupUjya jina stavana zrI vAsapUjya jinendra bheTo, caMpAnagara majhAra re / vasapUjya naMdana trijagavaMdana, jAyA sutasukhakAra re ||shrii012 cyavana janma dIkSA kalyANaka kevala atihi udAra re / nirvANa mokSa hue vahA~ se, zivaramaNI bharatAra re ||zrI0||2 sattara dhanuSa kI kAya zobhita, lakSa bahuttara Ayure / mahiSa laMchana sevatA pada kumara vara yakSarAya re ||shrii0|3 rakta varNa zarIra sundara, caNDA zAsana devi re / samyakta va prApti bAda ta.je, bhave siddhijeha re ||shrii0||4 ghAsaTha the gaNadhara prabhu ke, siddhi ho gae sarva re / 'bhaMvara' campAnagara bheTyA jJAna paMcamIparva re ||shrii05 maNidhArI dAdA zrI jinacandra sUri stavana zAnti jina stavana zAnti darasa mana mAyo rI, saba sukha kanda / solama jinavara vizvasena nRpa aMgaja Apa kahAyo rI, acirAnanda ||1|| garbha sthita prabhu mAri nivArI hastinAgapura rAyo rI, tribhuvana baMdha ||2|| cakrI paMcama prabala puNyadhara jina arihaMta kahAyo rI, kATe karma phaMda ||3|| sameta-zikhara giri mokSa sidhAye jaya jaya saba mila gAyorI, causaTha iMdra ||4|| caitya pratiSThA dezanoka meM navyoddhAra karAyo rI, mila saha saMgha ||5|| sukha hita mokSa kAra kaho prabhujI bhavya bhakti citta cAyo rI. miTe saba dvanda / '6|| do hajAra aThAisa varSe, jyeSTha zukla dasa vAro rI, guru amita Ananda ||7|| tIrtha kailAza saha zikhara pratiSThA daMDa dhvajA laharAyo rI. datta kuzala muNiMda |||| 'bhaMvara' kahe pratapo cira kAle saMgha zreya kalyANo rI, jaba laga ravi caMda ||9|| suguru suno aradAsa. kATo bhava pAsa, dAdA maNidhArI. Aye hama zaraNa tumhArI || delhaNa mAtA kukSI jAye, rAsala pitu ghara hularAye / vikramapura marudhara meM lIna avatArI |Aye||1|| bAraha sau meM kama tIna barasa, janme. dIkSA vairAgya surasa / SaTavarSAyu meM jinadatta pAsa meM dhArI |aaye0|2|| ATha varSa ke AcAraja, pada pAye pratimA ke dhAraka / caudaha varSe pada yuga pradhAna sukhakArI |aaye||3|| zrImAla maMtridala osavaMza, pratibodhA jIte bAdi vRd| kari bimba pratiSThA aura jinAlaya bhArI |Aye||4|| dillIpati madanapAlarAjA, bana bhakta sujasa DaMkA vAjA / kulacaMdrAdika para kInI kRpA apArI |Aye||5|| bAraha tevIse svarga gati, pAye dillI meM zuddha mtii| alpAyu meM kara zAsana sevA bhArI |aaye|6|| guru samyaga darzana ke dAtA. tuma hI ho mAta tAta bhraataa| AtmA ke uddhAraka tuma jaya kArI |aaye|7|| dAdA dUjA maharolI meM, pUje saba jana raMga rolI meN| zAsana unnati karo 'mavara' kahe balihArI |Aye|8|| [ 207

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kSaNikAe~ namratA AtmA kA astitva bA~sa sahaja hI akar3A rahatA phala-yukta Amra adhika jhukatA vaha samUla kATA jAtA yaha kyA hai AtmA? vaha dRzya nahIM phira bhI batalAA kathya nahIM avyakta sahI abhivyakti kyA? anubhUti kro| vaha turaMta uThA patthara mArA pIr3A hotI hai kahA~ hai, vaha dikhalAo sahI uttara pAyA anubhUti yahI / siMcita ho sevA pAtA. sevA detA zobhA letaa| chAyA dekhatI ho darpaNa meM kintu usameM tuma nahIM svadeha meM ho sthita pratikramaNa jIvana kI pATI para jo galata likhA use miTA do bhaviSya meM satarka raho yahI to hai pratikramaNa / chAyA mAtra khiiN| para-strI tyAga deha ko apanA mAnanA dehAdhyAsa / use chor3a jala-kamalavat rahanA tyAga / sUrya mahAna hai darzanIya-vandanIya para tAkane yogya nahIM parastrI para dRSTi par3I tadvat dRSTi nIcI karane kI zikSA yahI hai pavitratA kI rkssaa| 207]

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pUjya gurudeva yugapradhAna zrI sahajAnandaghanajI mahArAja

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yogIndra-yugapradhAna mahAmahima zrI sahajAnaMdaghana gurudevASTakam bhadraH sadguru varya pUjya sahajAnaMdaH sadA rAjata AtmajJo nikhilArtha bodha nipuNaH kAruNyamUrtimahAn devaiH pUjita pAdapadma vimalazcendrAdibhiH sarvazo vande'haM vinayena taM guruvaraM zrI bhAvi tIrthaGkaram // 1 // mAnyoyaH zubha kaccha deza viSaye DumrAbhidhe maNDala Ukeze paramAra vaMza suvare zrI nAgajI zreSThinaH gehe zrI nayanodarAnnanu samutpanno vareNyaH prabhuH vande'haM vinayena taM guruvaraM zrI bhAvi tIrthaGkaram ||2|| prAgjanmArjita sAdhanA smRti vazAcchI mohamayyAMpuri ghoSaNAbdhi vimohakena gaganAjjAtena yaH preritaH tyAgepsujinaratnasUri guruNA saumyena saMdIkSito vande'haM vinayena taM guruvaraM zrI bhAvi tIrthaGkaram // 3 // AmeTeDara palli mutkalasararSIkeza pAvApurI gokAkeSu ca kandarAsu kaThinaM maunaM sutapta tapaH varSANAM tritayaM ca yena muninA stutyena mAnyena vai vande'haM vinayena taM guruvaraM zrI bhAvi tIrthaGkaram // 5 // UrNa zrI zivavATikodayasara grAmeSu bai boraDau dharmodyota kareNa yena ca mudA yAtrA kRtA pAvanI zrI sImaMdhara noditairyugavaropAdhiH pradattaH surai yesmaitaM praNamAmi bhakti bharitaH zrI bhAvi tIrthaGkaram / / 6 / / jhAnAloka yutena labdhimuninA jJAnAmbudhau snApito varSa dvAdazakaM ca yo guruvaraiH sArddha sadArAjitaH nAnA kleza yuteca ghora tapasA pazcAdigirau saMsthito vande'haM vinayena taM guruvaraM zrI bhAvi tIrthaGkaram // 4 // prApta pAvana ratnakUTa vidite karNATa deze nage sthAne sadguru pUrva janma vidite divye zubhe bhUSite zrI madrAja virAjitendu vimalaH saMsthApito hyA prabho vande'haM vinayena taM guruvaraM zrI mAvi tIrthaGkaram / / 7 / / abde pANDava yugma viMzati zate zrI pauSamAse zubhe pUrvArddha sukhade trayodaza dine bhaumeca vAre vare alpajJa 'bhramare'Na hyaSTaka midaM bhaktyA praNItaM mudA bhavyebhyaH paritoSadaM priyakaraM puNyaika samvarddhanam // 8 // [ 209

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yugapradhAna sadguru smRti gIta hampI ke yogI kahAM tuma gaye ho hameM Atma darzana karAte-karAte // kriyA jar3a banA jo tIrthaMpa kA zAsana mArga se kozoM bhaTaka ke vipathaga unheM rAha samyak dikhAne ke hetu hue avatarNa he yuga ke pravartaka karI dIrgha sAdhanA giri kandarA meM AtmA kI jyoti jagAte jagAte || 1|| jJAtA draSTA mahAvrata saMyuta bhava bhava meM sAdhana kiyA saMyamarata labdhi siddhayAdi atizaya dhArI rahe jinake caraNoM meM devendrAdi bhI nata tapaHpUta sAdhana prayogI nahAte-nahAte ||2|| indriya manakA bhAvAtma nigRha nahIM sAmpradAyika bhedAdi Agraha adhyAtma jJAna kI kuMjI ke dhAraka karmakSayArtha kiyA thA abhigraha kaThina tapa dhyAnAdi meM rata aharniza prema kI gaMgA vahAte vahAte ||3|| kevala zAnta-sudhArasa 210] pada sImaMdhara prabhu yugapravara kSayopazama se gahana jJAna saMpada gururAja jinadatta Adi se prerita terA saMbhAla maMtreka suvizada Atmika prasAdi lage voTane jo atizaya vANI sunAte-sunAte // 4 // na socA thA itanI jaldI karoge mahAvideha jAne kI taiyArI paMcamakAla o hama haiM abhAge pAyA na tumako he Atma-vihArI samatA se kaSTa sahe AtmAnaMdI videhI guNoM meM samAte samAte ||5|| bano hamAre sahAyaka prabhu tuma anaMta guNoM kA aMza pAveM hama kRpAlu tumhArI kRpA jo rahI hai| anaMta AzIrvaca yadyapi apAtra hama nikAlo 'bhaMvara' se naiyA hamArI samakita patavAra do jyoM pAra pAte ||6||

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rAjasthAnI bhASA saptaka dharatI mAtA AMkhyA phAr3e uDIka reyI uNa pUtAM nai, maru mevAr3I DhUMDhAr3I hADotI mAdhyama sazaktAM kaMtAM nai: ratanAM rI kImata AMkaNiyo koI jhaMvarI jada AsI. mAyar3a bhAsA rI jaga-maga jyota vidha-vidha bhAMta jagA pAsI piMgala DiMgala vaiNa sagAI chaMda katthaka gadya padya sigalo, navasara hAra baNA sataraMgI opai surasati re kaMTha bhalau; vedAga pAca nai kAca gi#gau Aka dUdha rI nahiM parivyA, zabda brahma rA asala bhAva bIjoM meM nahIM hai iNa sarikhA 2 huyAM saraNDara zastara pAtI nAMkhyAM jaMga lAga jiNI tariyAM, bhUlA par3a jyAvai svecchA saM bIjI bolI nai anusariyAM tagar3o bhaMDAra bharyo par3iyau jUne sAhita ro aNagiNatI. biNa baratyA~. hama tama aMgrejI rI kudAla khADA khuNatI"3 A tona kror3a janattA rI bolI rakha dInI giravai-aDANai. ghara rA jAyA ghaTTI cATai peDA devAM pADosaNAM naiH lAjAM mara jAvo bolaNa meM ApANau gaurava-hIra marayau, ghara rI khAMDa kar3akar3I jANI corI rai gur3a se muMha bharayo"5 phAvaMsa grIyarsana ravi TaisITorI jo kara ujiyAlo. mahatta batAyo paNa bItyo saIko naI jANyo dholo kAlo: bIjI bhASAvAM sira uThAyane pAyI mAnyatA dhIMgANai. bolai jiNarA bora bikai aNabolyAM ratana par3ayA chAMna""4 lalakAra reI mAyar3a bhAsA kyaM dUdha lajAvo the mhAro, amRta nai chor3a dhUla dhANI pIvaNa TUkyA pANI khArau: the sigalAM syUM idhakA sUrA medhAvI dAnI rukhavAlA, hau bhArata mAM rI zAna sadAcArI kIrata dhara mUMchAlA"6 ghaNI unnatI jJAna-vijJAna vividha bhASA abhyAsa karo, paNa mata bhUlo iNa jAmaNa nai sevA kara uNAyata nai harau; jhaMDo UMcau maru bhASA rAjasthAna jANa nai mAna karau, racanA nAnAvidha prabala bhAva maya bhAratI mA~ bhaMDAra bharau"7 [ 211

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ajabaghara rA kyUreTara mUratI rI takhtI upara strI mUratI likhyor3o dekha ra bA nai mheM kaiyo Apa nai dUsarI sigaLI mUratyAM kisai devI devatA rI hai lakSaNa dekha'ra likhaNoM caijato / paNa iNa purasa rI mUratI naiM strI bhUratI kisa tarai likhI ? kyUreTara sA'va kaiyo-nahIM-nahIM ThIka devI rI mUrti to hai / maiM kaiyo Apa mulAyajo pharamAvo iNa rai stana koynii| zilpa sAstara rai niyama mujaba lugAI pIna payodharA huNI joIjai to A kaI kulakhaNI lugAI hai? ittai maiM hI mhArA munIma gaNapatakoI ar3hAI varasAM pailI rI bAta hai| hUM AsAma lAlajI kaiyau-bAbU sA'ba kaMvArI chorI husii| maiM kaiyo gAvATI gayo ho asaisamaiMTa rI nakala vAstai / inakama -Apa iNa ro mUMdo to dekho / mUMchayAM vaLa khAyor3I Taiksa rai daphtara saM AMvatai rastai meM ajabaghara dekhaNa rI mana maujUda hai| jaNe kyUreTara sAba kaiyau-nahIM nahIM mUMchayAM to meM aaii| iyAM to dasa barasAM pailI jada AsAma myUjiyama rI konii| maiM kaiyau hAtha lagAra dekho| uNA~ hAtha pherayo cIjyAM ro saMgraha hu~to hI jaNa choTai rUpa meM dekha cukyo to mUMchayA paratakha hAtha rai rar3akI / jaNa tatkALa asi ho paNa aba ke phera vikAsa huyor3a rUpa nai sarasarI nijara saTeMTa nai kaiyo takhtI phaurana bdlo| manai kaiyo-bhUla hayagI. saM dekhaNa rI manasyA hI, sAthai mhArA munIma gaNapatalAla ThIka karavA detuuN| jI haa| ajavaghara meM gayA / purAtatva vibhAga dekhyo / Agai cAlyA / choTA-moTA keI sudhArA btaayaa| thor3A silAlekha jikA bhI binA bA~cyor3A sA laagyaa| Akhara eka lakar3I rI devaLI Agai jA'ra khar3A huyA / mUratyAM rai paricaya meM 'eka puruSa' yA 'eka strI' jisI vairo paricaya likhor3o hau indra kI mUrti / maiM kaiyau-sAba paricAyaka takhtI lAgor3I dekhii| aNamavI kyUreTara rI A mUratI tau manai mugalakALIna lAgai hai / iNa re pAga kabhI mAlUma huii| pAchA nikaLa'ra kyUreTara rai daphtara meM uNa jamAnai rI hai tathA pairesa bhI bisau hI dI hai| kyUreTara gayA / kyUreTara sA'ba virAjiyA hA / sisTAcAra saM sAba-kaiyo A hiMdU miMdara maiM lAgor3I hI jikai saM mugalAM mhAMnai le jAra baitthaayaa| maiM keyo-hUM thAMsaM thor3I bAta rI saMbhava konii| maiM kaiyo-vai jamAnai rI huNe sa mugala karaNI cAU hUM | vAM kaiyo-iMgrejI yA AsAmiyAM kisI huNau jarUrI konI paNa hiMdU mUratyAM Uparalo pairesa vagaire bhASA meM bola so ? meM kaiyo-hUM to hindI yA baMgalA mugala kALIna ho sake hai| paNa o hAtha meM kaMI hai? meM bAta karatUM / dUsarI meM bola nahIM skuu| jaNe aaN| kaMI iMdra hoko bhI pIvato hobAM kaiyau o vAja hai / manai donAM meM Aparai dAya Avai jikI meM bAta karo, matalaba to to hoko hI lAgyau / maiM-kaiyo TobAkU ro pracAra amabhAva samajhaNa sUM hai| rIkA vAlA sAhada iMdrapurI taka kara diyA jikai saM iMdara rI maiM vA saM myujiyama rI sUcI yA citrAvaLI mAMgI mUratI meM hukko maujUda hai| sigalA upasthita AdamI paNa koI taiyAra nahIM huNe saM nirAsa haNo pddyo| maiM khila khilAra hasaNa lAgagyA / keyo-thAM kitAi paricaya ThIka ko likhyAnI bhUlyAM hai| iNa tarai maiM myUjiyama meM manoraMjana karate aNabhava jaNe ve mhArai sAthai myUjiyama meM gayA / do-cAra karayo kai kittAI myUjiyamAM rA kyUreTara tau myUjiyama meM mUratyAM ro paricaya vagairai rI bAta huNe rai bAda eka purasa I rAkhaNe lAyaka hai| 212 ]

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rAjA sUrasiMghajI ro nyAva rAjA rAyasiMghajI bIkAnera meM bar3A paratApI huyA hai / uNAM saM pailAsa rAjA 'rAva' bajatA iNAM sUM hI rAjA rI padavI cAlU huii| 'rAjA to rAyasiMgha aura sai rAI, bhojana to khIra khAMDa, aura saba peTa bharAI kahAvata prisiddha hai| rAyasiMghajI rA veTA surasiMghajI bhI rAjA sAvarA bar3A lADalA hA / rAjA sUrasiMghajI var3A nyAvavAna hA uNAM rI buddhi bar3I tivbara hI tathA nyAva karaNa ro DhaMga ghaNo Acho ho jikai suM vAM rI kIratI nAmadarI desa paradesa meM jAra vAsa kara liyo / jodhapura mArAja sUrasiMgha jI sUM ghaNI apaNAyata rAkhatA tathA pUrA vAkaphakAra hA ekavAra jodhapura / daravAra virAjiyA* rAjA rajavADA rI bAta nIsarI jada mArAjA sAyava ghaNI ghaNI sobhA karate rAjA sUrasiMhajI 3 nyAvarI prasasA karI musAhabA~ mAMya sUM eka kaithIrAja ro hukama huveM to hU~ bIkAnera jAyane baNAM re nyAva rI parIkhyA karU ? mArAjajI kaiyo-bhale ! paNa jAMvatai sanada le jAuyo / uNa nai darabAra Apare khAsa dasakatA rI rUkko kara diyo ke o mhAro AdamI hai| rAja ro nyAva dekhaNa re vAste bIkAnera jAyeM hai so iNa re bovAra meM koI cUka huvai tau mApha krjyo| musAyabajI jodhANai sU cAlyA / dara kUcA dara majaLa cAlatA bIkAnera saira meM Ayara kaMdoiyAM re bajAra meM utarathA / paradesI ro vaisa, khAlI dukAna dekha'ra baitthaayaa| sAmane kaMdoI rI dukAna / mITho bhujiyA lera, cAvo bhUko kariyo phera ThaMDo pANI pIra thor3o ADo hyagyo / vairo dhyAna ho kaMdoI khAnI / jitA paisA baTTe Traka ra rAkhato raiyo siMjyA rA rokar3a meM jilA rUpiyA hA boraivAra noTa kara jor3a lIyA / aThI ne kaMdoI to sodho AdamI ho, bApar3e raiM khAte rokar3a ro jamA kharaca ho koyanI / kUMjar3e rai gallai rI dAI lAla bUsI rI kothalI meM rupiyA paIsA bheLA karara gharAM jAvaNa rI tyArI krii| Ine paradesI, khanai I koTavALI hI jaThai Ayara koTavAla Rs Age kUkyo- hajUra hU~ garIba paradesI mAriyo jAU~lA / phalANe kaMdoI mhArai thelI meM itanA rupiyA paisA hA jikA khosa nai rAkha lIya hUM kaI khAUMlA nai kakara jodhapura jAUMlA / ar3o ghoLa - dupArai ro inyAva maiM to kaThaiI nI dekhiyo kotavALa sA / Apane ina bAta ro nyAva kara mhAMrI thelI darANI jauIjai / koTavALa sA'ba sipAI ne mejara kaMdoI ne bulAyo kaMdoI kaivemarne garIba ne kiyAM yAda karaco ? koTavALa sAva kaiyo-teM iye paradesI rI thailI kyoM khosI ? iNa rA ittA rupiyAM AnA paIsA uNa meM haa| o phariyAda kare hai, ina rI thelI parI sauMpa kaMdoI kaiyo-koTavALa sAka Ato mhAre dinabhara rI bikarI rI rokar3a hai. maiM to koI rI thelI khosI ko nI / koTavALa sA'ba vicAriyo-AM donAM meM kuNa sAco nai kuNa kUr3o ? kaMdoI rI vAta, cairo-moro dekhatAM to sAco hUNo cAIje paNa o bApar3o paradesI bhI jhUTho mAlUma ko devainI dUsare meM paradesI se nyAya karaNau ro mhArI haka konii| kaI karU ? manai to o mAmalo hajura darabAra rai AgeI rAkhaNo par3asI / isa tare 3 vicAra saM koTavAla sA'ba donoM ne khelI hai sAthai daravAra meM paisa [ 213

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kara diyA. darabAra sA'ba donAM rI bAta suNa ne pailI paradesI nai pUchayo / paradesI kaiyo-hajara Aparai rAma-rAja maiM hU~ lUTIja gyo| o to pANI meM lAya lAgai jar3o baNAva huyo / hU~ garIba paradesI kaI khAUMlA nai kIMkara mhArai desa jAUlA maiM to iNa kaMdoiDai rI dukAna meM Ayane kalevo kariyo nai iNa mhAro nANo I paro khosyo / paradesa meM baTAUro kuNa sIrI? Apa jair3A moTA mAItAM rI maira huvailA hajUra manai mhArI nAgai rI kothalI darAvolA to hU~ jIUMlA / iNa tarai paradezI ro-roMka'ra Aparo vilApa karaNa lAgyo / rAjAjI dekhyo kaMdoI jhUTho, cora to dIsai koyanI, o bhI paradesI hai rovai hai jhUTha nahIM bolaNo joiijai| acchayA bicArasAM / kaiyau-kaMdoI ! tUM thArai gharai jA kAla nyAva karasAM / paradesI nai modIkhAnai sUM ATo, ghI, masAlA, sIdho dirA diyo ra kaiyo tUM I khA, pIra ArAma kara, kAla Ayai / ____ dUjai dina bhora meM donUM jaNA hajUra khanai AyA jike sU pelI ukaLate pANI rai kar3Ayaliga meM rupiyA rI thelI chor3a dii| rupiyAM ro cikaNAsa sigaLI utara'ra pANI Upara aaygyo| kaMdoI rai dina bhara rI bikarI rA rupiyA batAra paradesI nai giraphtAra karaNe ro hukama huyo| hajUra pharamAyo---- paradesI ne bAMdha kara' jela Thoka do / iNa tarai bhale AdamyAM ne phaMsANai rA upAva kreN| darabAra sA'ba sUrasiMghajI kaMdoI nai pUthyo--kyU bhAI, paradesI kaive so sAca hai ? kaMdoI kaiyo hajara / Apa mAM-vApa ho maiM to mhArI sAre dina rI rokar3a bhelI kara ra bikarI paIsA lAyo / Iyai paradesI mhArai khanai mITho-bhujiyA jarUra liyA hA paNa maiM iNa rI thelI ko khosiinii| ThIka ana mauke paradesI jodhapura ro khAsa rukko rAjA sAva re caraNAM maiM nAkha gunai rI mAphI maaNgii| darabAra uNa nai bar3e Adara mAna sU siropAva dera ravAne kariyo / kaMdoI AparI thelI le'ra Aparai gharai aayo| darabAra sA'ba pUchayo kittA rupiyA hA? iNa rejabAba meM kaMdoI kaiyo-hajara / mhArai to giNatI bIjI kI I koya thI nI / jyoM baTayA bheLA karara lAyo huuN| paradesI AnApAI sUdhA batAyA jikA giNyA saM pUrA ThIka nikaLayA / musAyabajI jodhapura AyA / jodhANanAtha Age bIkANanAtha re nyAva rI ghaNI somA krii| 214]

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kSatriyakuNDa eka nAma ke kaI nagara gA~va prAcInakAla meM the aura Aja bhI pAye jAte haiN| nAma sAmya se ve bhI bhrAnta ho gae aura apanI zodha kI satyatA pramANita karate hue aitihAsika zodha dRSTivihIna bhAratIya janatA ko bhI apanI sthApanAe mAnya karAne meM saphala ho ge| bhAratIya mAnyatA lokokti. paurANika zraddhA para hI avalambita thI jabaki pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kI zodhapaddhati bhASA-vijJAna lipi-vijJAna aura tulanAtmaka adhyayana para AdhArita hone se niSThAmUlaka thii| ina pAzcAtya vidvAnoM se prabhAvita hokara katipaya bhAratIya vidvAna aura jainAcArya taka unakA samarthana karane laga gaye / pAzcAtya zodha ke bhrama ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna, kaivalya sthAna aura nirmANasthAna ko bhI sandigdha batalAne kA sAhasa kiyA aura unheM sthApanAtIrtha honA batalA diyaa| zrI kanhaiyAlAla sarAvagI ne saThiyA~va ko, bhagavatI prasAda jI khetAna Adi ne paDaraunA ko binA kisI purAtAtvika pramANa ke hI bhagavAna kI nirvANabhUmi pAvApurI honA pradarzita kiyA jo bauddha sAhitya kI galata samajha aura apanI haThadharmitA hI hai| mujhe dasa varSa pUrva 'mahAtIrtha pAvApurI' pustikA likhakara yathAzakti bhrAnti nivAraNa kI ceSTA karanI par3I thii| anAdi anantakAla ke pravartamAna kAlacakra meM vartamAna meM avasarpiNI kA pAMcavA ArA hai| pratyeka kAlacakra meM utsarpiNI - avasarpiNI kAla hotA hai| hama jambUdvIpa ke bharatakSetra meM nivAsa karate haiM jisameM pratyeka kAla ke madhya meM caubIsa tIrthakara sarvocca mahApurUSa hote haiM jo loka ke ananta jIvoM ke mahAna upakArI aura mokSa mArga ke prakAzaka, bhavasamudra se tAraka hote haiM / isa kAla kI caubIsI meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva se lekara mahAvIra svAmI paryanta caubIsa tIrthakara hue haiM jinameM neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra svAmI ko aitihAsika mahApuruSa honA itihAsajJoM ko bhI svIkArya hai| zAstroM meM savakI paMcakalyANaka tithiyAM aura cyavana. janma, dIkSA, kaivalya aura nirvANa sthAna batalAye haiM jo tIrtha rUpa meM mAnane kI prAcInatama paramparA hai| zAstroM meM virATa varNana hote hue bhI madhyakAlIna deza kI avyavasthA ne unheM bhulA diyA hai| jaina paramparA meM tIrthayAtrA kI paramparA ke kAraNa usase sarvathA sambandha viccheda nahIM huA parantu bauddha sthAna to sarvathA vismRta ho gaye the, jinheM pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne apanI zodhadRSTi se prakAzita kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna kSatriyakuNDa grAma nagara honA prAcIna jainAgamoM se bhalI-bhAMti siddha hai| para yaha kSatriyakuNDa kauna sA hai. kisa sthAna para hai yaha prazna gata 60-70 varSoM se uThA hai| digambara sAhitya meM kaNDapura ke sthAna meM kahIM kuNDalapura bhI likhA milatA hai jo ki pAMcavI zatI ke yati vRSabha aura satarahavIM zatI ke marAThI kavi cimaNa paMDita ke atirikta kahIM nahIM dekhA gayA / zvetAmbara samAja ke pAsa Agama aura aitihAsika pramANa the aura kSatriyakuNDa ko sahasrAbdiyoM se mAnatA AyA thA para digambara samAja ke janma sthAna kA koI tIrtha na hone se lagabhaga sau varSa pUrva [215

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zrIbhUSaNa ke ziSya the, ne apanI sarvatIrthavandanA meM kSatriyakuNDa yAtrA kara jinabhavana kI vandanA karane kA nimnokta varNana kiyA hai nAlandA ke nikaTavartI sthAna kuNDalapura ko janmasthAna mAnakara mandirAdi sthApita kie / vastutaH vaha bhagavAna kI janmabhUmi kSatriyakuNDa honA sarvathA asaMbhava thA kyoMki usake nikaTavartI brAhmaNakuNDa Adi Agamokta sthAna na hone se bhaugolika svIkRti bhI aprApta thii| idhara aprAmANika sthAna kI amAnyatA aura dUsarI ora pAzcAtyoM va kaI bhAratIya vidvAnoM dvArA vaizAlI ke vasukuNDa ko kSatriyakuNDa mAnyatA dene se digambara samAja ne use hI bhagavAna kI janma bhUmi hone kI mAnyatA svIkAra kara lii| kSatriyakuNDa pavitra siddhAratha nRpa sAraha trizalA ura utpanna vardhamAna bhava tAraha rAjya bhauga mada tajyo moha pacchara savi chaDyo aMgIkRta tapa nivir3a mAna makaradhvaja daMDayo kSatriyakuNDa jinabhuvana ne vaMdana pAtaka parihare brahma jJAna kara jor3i kara trikaraNa zuddha vadaMna kare / / 75/ magadhanareza koNika dvArA vaizAlI ko naSTa karane ke bAda usakA nAma zeSa ho gayA thaa| digambara sAhitya meM kahIM ujjaina ko vizAlA-auzAlI batalAyA to tIrthamAlAoM aura jJAnasAra jI ke jinapratimA sthApita grAmAdi meM bihAra zarIpha ko paizAlI, tuMgiyA Adi se abhidhArya kiyA hai| jahAM naizAlI ajJAta thI, kSatriyakuMDa aura janmasthAna nAma se usako prakAza meM lAne vAloM dvArA pracArita kiyA gayA taba lachuvAr3a ke nikaTavartI kSatriyakuNDa ko tatrastha janatA janmasthAna nAma se zatAbdiyoM se pahacAnato AI hai / munirAja zrI darzanavijayajI java saM0 1987 meM vahAM gaye to unheM janmasthAna kI grAmINoM meM prasiddhi ke loka vizvAsa kA haThIbhUta anubhava huA thaa| zvetAmbara yAtrA vivaraNa to bahuta se prApta haiM jo Age batalAye jAyeMge / yahAM kI jo bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI kI prAcIna pratimAe pUjyamAna haiM unameM janmasthAna mandira kI pratimA lagabhaga 1500 varSa prAcIna hai| pacAsa varSa pUrva jaba hamane prathama vAra kSatriyakuNDa kI yAtrA kI thI to vahAM kI dharmazAlA-lachuvAr3a meM bhagavAna kI mAtA trizalA mahArAnI kI mUrti jinakI goda meM bAlaka bhagavAna mahAvIra the va jisa para prAcIna gupta lipi kA abhilekha utkINita thA, dRSTigocara huI thI, zIghratA meM na par3ha sake na chApa lene kA hI sAdhana thaa| kucha mahInoM bAda jaba hamAre mitra zrI tAjamalajI botharA yAtrArtha Aye to unheM pratimA kalakattA lAne ko kahA para vaha mUti surakSita na rahI, gAyaba ho cukI thii| isa tIrthabhUmi jo jamai-navAdA roDa para sthita sikandarA se do mIla dUra lachuvAr3a jahAM mandira aura dharmazAlA hai-se tIna mIla kuNDaghATa hokara jAnA par3atA hai| nadI ke donoM ora mandira hai jo pravacana kalyANaka aura dIkSA kalyANaka ke haiN| pahAr3a ullaMghana karake janmasthAna mandira jAnA par3atA hai| vahA~ anya mArga se moTara bhI jAtI hai| zvetAmbara saMpradAya sekar3oM varSoM se bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna kSatriyakuNDa jahAM mAnatA hai, vahAM ke samarthaka aneka sAhityika va purAtAtvika pramANa upalabdha haiM / sAta sau varSoM se to yahAM dUra-dUra se zvetAmbara yAtrI tIrthayAtrA karate A rahe haiM jina ke prAmANika ullekha pracura parimANa meM saMprApta hai| Age jaina tIrthoM kI sammilita yAtrA binA kisI sAMpradAyika bheda-bhAva se kI jAtI thii| satarahavIM zatI ke di0 brahma jJAnasAgara jo kASTA saMgha naMdItaTa gaccha ke bhaTTAraka kucha varSa pUrva taka to uparyukta kSatriyakuNDa kI hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI cyavana, janma va dIkSA tIna 216]

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para kalyANakoM kI bhUmi nirvivAda rUpa meM mAnya thI pAzcAtya anveSakoM ne jaba vasAda prAcIna vaizAlI ko khoja nikAlA aura jenAgamoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke lie prayukta vaizAlika videzadatta videhajAtya zabda par3he to unhoMne dhAraNA banA lI ki bhagavAna kA janmasthAna vaizAlI hI hai| isakA samarthana jaina AcArya zrI vijayendra sUri aura muni kalyANavijaya jI ne bhI kara diyaa| isase anya logoM ko bhI vaizAlI ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAnane kI preraNA milii| bihAra sarakAra ne vaizAlI ke vikAsa ke lie kAphI prayatna va protsAhana diyaa| vahA~ mahAvIra jayantI vizAla rUpa se manAyI jAne lgii| rAjyapAla aNe aura mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ke sAnnidhya meM jaba jayantI manAyI gayI to pAvApurI se pratimA le jAkara snAtrapUjAdi kI giiN| maiM bhI usa utsava meM sammilita huA thA / DA0 yogendra mizra ne vaizAlI ke unnayana meM paryApta yogadAna diyA / isase digambara samAja prabhAvita hokara vahA~ jaina mandira aura jaina vidyA zodha saMsthAna bhavana nirmANAdi meM sakriya ho gayA / di0 samAja mAnya nAlandA vAlA kuNDalapura to aprAmANika thA hI ataH unakA vaizAlI kI ora jhukAva honA svAbhAvika hI thaa| para zvetAmbara samAja ke pAsa apane mAnya kSatriyakuNDa ( lachvAr3a ) ke sambandha meM kAphI prAcIna paramparA rahI hai| isalie AcArya vijayendrasUrijI aura muni kalyANavijayajI ke samarthana ke vAvajUda bhI usakA jhukAva baizAlI kI ora nahIM ho skaa| munizrI darzanavijaya jI ( tripuTI) ne to gujarAta meM vaizAlI janmasthAna amAnya karate hue zvetAmbara samAja dvArA paramparAgata mAnya kSatriyakuNDa kI puSTi meM eka grantha bhI paiMtIsa varSa pUrva likhakara prakAzita kraayaa| parantu kheda hai ki vidvAnoM kA dhyAna usa ora nahIM gayA aura ve pAzcAtya anveSakoM ke pravAha meM hI pravAhita hote gye| vartamAna meM kaI logoM dvArA bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi vaizalI kina AdhAroM para mAnI jAtI hai, unapara vicAra karate hue vaha bha0 mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kyoM nahIM - isa para prakAza DAlakara phira paramparAgata zvetAmbara mAnya kSatriyakuNDa ko janmasthAna kI prAcInatA aura yukti purassara pRSTi para vimarza karanA abhISTa hai| DA0 harmana jAkobI ne bha0 mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi vauddhoM ke mahAvagga sUtra meM buddha ke koTigrAma padhArane kA ullekha dekha kara kuNDagrAma ko koTigrAma batalA diyaa| DA0 hoMrnela ne kollAga ko kSatriyakuNDa batalAyA kyoMki kollAga kA ullekha jaina granthoM meM AtA hai aura vaizAlI ke nikaTa hai vasukuNDa ko logoM ne kSatriyakuNDa mAnakara use bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna batalA diyaa| muni kalyANavijayajI ne vaizAlI ke eka vibhAga ko kSatriyakuNDa batalAyA aura vijayendra sUri jI ne pUrva mAnyatAoM kA saMzodhana karate hue vasukuNDa ko kSatriyakuNDa svIkAra kara liyaa| para vAstava meM kisI bhI bauddha yA jena graMtha meM deza lI kA upanagara kSatriyakuNDa yA brAhmaNakuNDa thA, nahIM batalAyA hai / vasukuNDa aura kSatriyakuNDa meM bhI koI nAma sAmya nahIM hai| ataH ye sabhI mAnyatAeM' managaDhanta, kalpita aura nirAdhAra hai| kollAga bhI kaI the ataH vaizAlI ke nikaTavatI koluA ko kSatriya kuMDa ke nikaTa vAlA kollAga hI hai yaha mAnyatA denA bhI sahI nahIM hai| kalpasUtrAdi prAcIna prAmANika AgamoM se yaha bhalIbhAMti siddha hai ki kSatriyakuNDa eka svataMtra grAma aura bar3A nagara thA vahAM ke jamAli aura priyadarzanA ( bhagavAna ke beTI-jaMvAI ) ne pAMca sau puruSoM va eka hajAra striyoM ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kI thI isase vahAM bar3I bhArI janasaMkhyA vAlI vastI hone kA prabala saMketa milatA hai| kalpasUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pitA aura kSatriya [ 217

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isalie ye vizeSaNa mAtRpakSa ke sUcaka ho haiN| jJAta. jJAtaputra. jJAtasuta Adi Apake vizeSaNa pitRpakSa sUcaka haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mAtA vaizAlI ke uccakulIna licchavI ceTaka mahArAjA kI bahina thI isalie pIhara pakSa kA gaurava mAnA jAnA svAbhAvika hI hai| magadharAja zreNika ko patnI celanA ko videha-kanyA aura usake putra koNika-ajAtazatru ko vaidehI-putra tathA gupta vaMzI rAjA candragupta kI patnI kumAradevI ko licchavI-jAtA, samudragupta ko licchavI dauhitra kahA jAtA hai| sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA meM vaizAlika zabda kI TIkA karate hue likhA hai kuNDa ke rAjA siddhArtha kI rAjasabhA aura sabhAsadoM kA varNana karate hue likhA hai-aneka gaNanAyaka, daNDanAyaka, rAjyezvara, talavara, mAMDavika, kauTumbika maMtrI. mahAmaMtrI. gaNaka. dvArapAla, amAtya, pIThamardaka, aMgarakSaka, seTha, senApati, pArSada, sArthavAha, dUta, sandhipAla Adi, se siddhArtha rAjA pariveSTita the| bhagavAna ke nAmakaraNa ke prasaMga meM dhanadhAnya vRddhi ke sAtha sAmanta rAjA bhI vazavatIM hue likhA hai / isase kSatriyakuNDa ko vaizAlI kA eka upavibhAga mAna lenA kisI bhI prakAra se aucitya nahIM rakhatA / vaizAlI ke samarthaka AcArya vijayendrasUrijI ne bhI apane tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke pR0 85 meM 'yaha kuNDapura vaizAlI kA upanagara nahIM thA, balki eka svataMtra nagara thA.' likhA hai| isI grantha ke pRSTha 87 meM vaizAlI aura kuNDagrAma kI dUrI savA mIla thI. likhA hai para yaha sambhava nahIM, kyoMki vaizAlI bahuta bar3A nagara thA usameM 7707 rAjAoM kA gaNatantra pariSada hone ke ullekha bauddha zAstrI meM spaSTataH saMprApta haiN| DA0 hAranela ne likhA hai vaizAlI ke tIna vibhAga the, jinameM pahale vibhAga meM suvarNa kalaza vAle 7000 ghara the. bIca ke vibhAga meM rajata kalaza vAle 14000 ghara the aura antima vibhAga meM tAmra kalaza vAle 21000 ghara the ataH usakA vistAra kaI mIloM meM hogA / isalie savA mIla meM hI svataMtra kSatriyakuNDa rAjya ho yaha sambhava nahIM / pR0 85 meM unhoMne hI likhA hai ki 'vaizAlika' nAmakaraNa ke kAraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma sthAna vaizAlI mAnanA pUrNataH truTipUrNa hogaa| vizAlA jananI yasya, vizAlaM kulabheva vaa| vizAlaM pravacanaM cAsya, tena vaizAliko jinaH / / aba zvetAmbara sampradAya mAnya vartamAna kSatriyakuNDa ke sambandha meM kucha prakAza DAlA jAtA hai jisapara vicAra kara bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kI vAstavikatA kA pAThakagaNa svayaM nirNaya kara skeNge| kSatriyakuNDa ke pAsa hI brAhmaNakuNDa grAma nagara thA yaha prAcIna jainAgamoM se bhalI-bhA~ti siddha hai aura vartamAna kSatriyakuMDa ke pAsa mAhaNA grAma hai jo Agamokta mAhaNakuNDa kA hI prasiddha nAma hai| isI prakAra bhagavAna ke dIkSA prasaMga meM likhA gayA hai ki inhoMne mArgazIrSa kRSNa 10 ko tRtIya prahara meM jJAtarakhaNDavana meM dIkSA svIkAra kI aura kumAragrAma padhAre / dUsare dina prAtaH kAla kollAga sanniveza meM do dina ke upavAsa kA pAraNA bahula brAhmaNa ke vahA~ kSIra se kiyA / yahA~ se bhagavAna 'morAka sanniveza padhAre / Avazyaka niyukti meM kumAragrAma padhArane kA ullekha isa prakAra hai bhagavAna mahAvIra ke videhadatta. vaizAlika Adi jo vizeSaNa AgamoM meM diye haiM unake AdhAra para videhavartI vaizAlI bhagavAna kI janmabhUmi thI yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai para vastutaH yaha vizeSatA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nanihAla ke sUtra haiM kyoMki bhagavAna kI mAtA trizalA ko hI videhadinnA Adi vizeSaNa diye gae haiM para pitA zrI siddhArtha rAjA ke lie nhiiN| bahiA ya NAya saMDe. ApucchittaNa nAyae satve / divasa muhuta sese. kumAra gAmaM samaNupatto |mA0 111 / / 218]

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kumAragrAma Aja bhI vartamAna kSatriyakuNDa ke pAsa laghuvAr3a se tIna mIla dUrI para sthita hai aura tIrthamAlAoM se patA calatA hai ki vahA~ para bhagavAna ke prathama pariSaha sthAna kI smRti meM vRkSa ke noce caraNapAdukAe sthApita thiiN| abhI thor3e arase pUrva una caraNoM ko lAkara lachavAr3a dharmazAlA meM rakhA gayA sunA hai / lachuvAr3a se 8 mIla dUra konAga grAna hai jo kollAga kA hI apabhraMza rUpa hai| kollAga se pUrva 10 mIla para maurA gAMva hai / ataH Agamokta kSatriyakuMDa ke nikaTavartI sthAnoM kI saMgati isI kSatriya kuNDa se barAbara baiTha jAtI hai| muni darzanavijayajI ne likhA hai ki rAjadhAnI ke parakhaNDA meM eka jina pratimA bhI hai jise loga anya nAma se pUjate haiN| eka prAmANika itihAsa grantha prastuta karanA cAhatA huuN| kalpasUtra meM ullikhita kSatriyakuNDa ke vistRta bhU-bhAga meM yatra-tatra miTTI ke bar3e-bar3e stUpoM kA agara utkhanana ho to prAmANika itihAsa lekhana kI bahuta sAmagrI mila sakatI hai| udAharaNasvarUpa eka stUpa se anAyAsa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI miTTI kI mUrti milI hai jo mere pAsa surakSita hai jisa para ajJAta lipi bhI hai| merA yaha dAvA hai ki vaizAlI ke himAyatiyoM ne koI aisA tathya adyAvadhi prastuta nahIM kiyA hai jise mahatva diyA jA sake / itihAsa ke bar3e-bar3e vidvAnoM se merI jabardasta Takkara bhI hotI rahI hai aura anta meM unhoMne mere tathya ko svIkAra bhI kiyA hai| kti vartamAna kSatriyakuNDa ke Asa-pAsa kaI gAMvoM meM prAcIna jaMna mandira the jinakA ullekha tIrthamAlAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| mahAdeva-simariyA (laghuvAr3a se pUrva ) meM pAMca jinAlaya the jinakI pratimAeM vahA~ ke logoM ne tAlAba meM DAla dii| yadyapi Asa-pAsa ke gA~voM meM kAphI jaina avazeSa naSTa kara die gaye phira bhI khoja karane para Aja bhI mila sakate haiN| yogendra yugapradhAna gurudeva zrI sahajAnaMdaghanajI ne kSatriyakuNDa-janmasthAna meM kaI mahInoM taka rahakara sAdhanA kii| unhoMne tathA sAdhaka tapasvI zrI manamohanarAjajI bhaNazAlI jo vahAM kAphI samaya taka rahe the ne apanI anu- . bhUtiyoM se kSatriyakuNDa-janmabhUmi ko sahI batalAyA thA / DA0 zyAmAnaMda prasAda ne san 1979 meM jamuI se eka 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma sthAna kSatriyakuNDa grAma' pustaka prakAzita kI hai isameM inhoMne bhI kSatriyakuNDa (jamuI) kI sapramANa puSTi kI hai| ___ isa pradeza ke jainetara adhivAsiyoM meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi ke prati bar3I zraddhA hai / sikandarA ke DA0 bhagavAnadAsa kezarI ne bahuta varSa pUrva vartamAna kSatriyakuNDa ko siddha karate hue eka lekha prakAzita kiyA thA / maiM unake sAtha 30 varSa pUrva kaI gA~voM meM ghUmA thA aura purAtatvAvazeSa dekhe the| lachuvAr3a meM hI janme hue narezacaMdra mizra ne 'zramaNa' meM 'zrI mahAvIra kI saccI janmabhUmi' lekha prakAzita kiyA aura usameM vartamAna kSatriyakuNDa kI puSTi kii| unakA 'vartamAna kAvya' bhI 'zramaNa' meM san 1968 se 70 taka chapatA rahA phira eka lekha 'kSatriyakuNDa-kalyANavijaya jI kA bhrama' 'zramaNa' meM prakAzanArtha likhaa| tA023-3-74 ko mananapura ( muMgera ) se unhoMne mujhe likhA ki maiM kSatriyakuNDa ke saMbaMdha meM vaizAlI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nanihAla aura vihAra bhUmi thI para janmasthAna kSatriyakuNDa vahAM nahIM thA, kyoM ki kisI bhI grantha meM kSatriyakuNDa aura brAhmaNakuNDa ko vaizAlI kA vibhAga honA nahIM batalAyA hai| ataH kevala paizAlikavideha zabda aura ekAdha sthAna ke nAma-sAmya ke AdhAra para use janmabhUmi kaha denA sarvathA anucita hai| munizrI darzana vijayajI mahArAja ne apane kSatriyakuNDa' grantha meM vividha prakAra se saM0 2006 meM paizAlI ke samarthaka vidvAnoM ko kaI asaMgatiyAM batalAI haiM jinheM vistArabhaya se yahAM nahIM likhA hai| [ 219

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/ vartamAna kSatriyakuNDa ati prAcIna sthAna hai| kuNDacATa para nadI ke donoM ora do prAcIna jinAlaya hai evaM pahAr3I pAra karane para janmasthAna kA mandira AtA hai| jahAM siddhArtha rAjA kA mahala thA vartamAna janmakazyAmaka mandira se do mIla locA pAnI meM jaMgala jhAr3I ke bIca usake laNDara vidyamAna haiN| yahAM ke mandiroM kI IMTeM pandraha sau varSa prAcIna haiM / prAcIna kAla meM kSatriyakuNDa yAtrArtha jena yAtrI sava samaya-samaya para vizAla parimANa meM AtA rahatA thaa| isa pradeza ke adhikAriyoM ke pUrvaja jaina the evaM bharata cakravartI ke maMtrI zrIdala ke vaMzaja maMtridalIya mahatiyANa jaina jAti ina tIrthoM kI dekha-rekha bara bara karatI rahatI thI tathA par3osI prAntoM meM bhI prAcIna jainajAti sarAka (zrAvaka) nivAsa karate the jo samaya-samaya para yAtrArtha Ate the| yadyapi prAcIna sAhitya naSTa ho jAne se evaM unakI nakaleM karake pracArita na rahane se adhika ullekha nahIM pAye jAte phira bhI vahAM ke aitihA sika saMgha yAtrA vargana jo milate haiM ve prAcIna avicchinna paramparA ko hI pramANita karate haiN| - cetyavAsI paramparA samApta ho jAne se unakA itihAsa bhI lupta ho gyaa| suvihita paramparA vartamAna gacchoM kA itihAsa bhI paravartI paramparA se hI vistRta likhA gyaa| yugapradhAnAcArya gurvAvalI eka prAcIna aura atyanta prAmANika grantha hai jisameM caudahavIM zatAbdI taka kI ghaTanAe~ dainandinI kI bhA~ti savastiAra Alekhita milatI haiN| usameM likhA hai ki saM0 1352 meM kalikAla kevalI zrI jinacandrasUrijI ke upadeza se vAcaka rAjazekhara, subuddhirAja, hematilaka gaNi puNyakIrti gaNi ratnamaMdira muni sahita zrI vajragAMva ( nAlandA) meM vicre| vahAM ke Thakkura ratnapala sA0 cAhar3a pradhAna zrAvaka preSita zrAvaka bhAI hemarAja bAMbU saparivAra sA0 dohittha putra mUladeva zrAvaka ne zrI kozAmbI, vArANasI. kAkandI, rAjagRha pAvApurI, nAlandA, kSatriyakuNDa 220 ] grAma ayodhyA, ratnapurAdi jina janma kalyANakAdi pavitra sthAnoM kI yAtrA kii| unhIM zrAvaka saMgha ke sAtha samudAya sahita rAjazekharagaNi ne hastinApura tIrthAdi yAtrA karake rAjagRha samIpavartI uddar3a-bihAra ( bihAra sarIpha) meM cAturmAsa kiyA, nandI mahotsava mAlA-ropaNAdi utsava sampanna hue / sulatAna muhammada bina tugalaka pratizodhaka suprasiddha zAsana prabhAvaka zrI jinaprabhasUrijI bhI tIrthamAlA stava meM vidhivat vandanA karane kA ullekha karate haiN| yataH khattiyakuMDa gAme pAvA nAliMda jaMbhiyaggAmeM / evaM unhoMne caturAzIti tIrthaM nAma kalpa tathA zatruMjaya tIrthakalpa meM bhI 'kuNDagrAma' kA ullekha kiyA hai| saM0 1431 meM ayodhyA sthita zrI lokahitAcArya ke prati aNahilapura se zrI jinodayasUri preSita vijJapti - mahAlekha se vidita hotA hai ki lokahitAcArya jI itaH pUrva maMtridalIya baMzodbhava Tha0 candrAMgaja suzrAvaka rAjadeva Adi ke nivedana se bihAra va rAjagRha meM vicare the| usa samaya vahAM kaI navya jina prAsAdoM kA nirmANa huA thA sUrijI vahAM se brAhmaNakuNDa va kSatriyakuNDa jAkara yAtrA kara Aye phira vApasa rAjagRha Akara vipulAcala va vaibhAragiri para vimbAdi kI pratiSThA karAI / zrI jinavarddhanasUri rAsa (saM0 1481 racita) meM unake pAMca varSa paryanta pUrva deza meM vicaraNa kara nAnA dharma prabhAvanA karane kA ullekha hai, jisameM pAvApurI, nAlandA, kuNDagrAma kAkandI tIrtha kI yAtrA kA bhI varNana hai / zrI jinavarddhana sUrijI ne svayaM saM0 1467 meM pUravadeza cetya paripATI kI racanA kI hai jisameM brAhmaNakuMDa, kSatriyakuMDa aura kAkandI kI yAtrA karane kA nimnokta ullekha kiyA hai| / pAvApUra nAliMdA gAmi, kuMDagAmi kAryadIThAmi / vIra jiNesara nayara vihAri jinavara vaMdaha savi vistAri //

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zrI jinavarddhana sUrijI ne pUraba deza caitya paripATI stavana (saM01461-86) meM likhA hai ki hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| isI tIrthamAlA meM sametazikhara mahAtIrtha se 20 koza dUra RjuvAlukA taTa para jaMbhIgrAma meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kevalajJAna sthAna meM mandira hone kA mahatvapUrNa ullekha bhI kiyA hai| siddha guNarAya siddhatthakula maMDaNaM, ruddadAlidda dohAga duha khaMDaNaM dabhaNa kuMDapuri thuNau jaNa raMjaNaM, khittiyA kuMDa gAmaMmi vIraMjiNaM // 22 // zrI vijayadAnasUri ke ziSya zrIpati ke nAma yukta bhayarava kRta tIrthamAlA meM alavara se nikale saMgha ke varNana meM pAvApurI se vihAra aura taMgiyA hokara kSatriyakuMDa brAhmaNakuMDa bar3hate jAne kA ullekha dekhiye __ suprasiddha vidvAna jayasAgaropAdhyAya ne saM0 1524 meM rAjagRha meM pratiSThAdi karAe jinake abhilekha vidyamAna haiN| unhoMne vahAM se jAkara kSatriyakuNDa kI bhI yAtrA kI thI jisakA ullekha saM0 1525 phA0 605 jaunapura meM likhita Avazyaka puSpikA va usI saMvat meM likhita dazavaikAlika vRtta kI prazasti meM pAyA jAtA hai| joiya nagarI tuMgayA jihAM thayA zrAvaka suvicAra zrImukha vIra prazaMsiyA, danesUra ho samakita dhAra // 6 // khatrIkuNDa sohAmaNau jihA janamyau carama jiNaMda AjatIratha nau rAjiyau jasu sevara ho causaThi inda / / 2 / / AcArya muniprabhasUri ne apanI tIrthamAlA meM mAhaNa khaliya kuMDaha gAmihi, rAjagRhi pAvApura ThAmahi likhA hai / kavi haMsasoma ne saM0 1565 meM yAtrA kI jisakA varNana unhoMne tIrthamAlA meM isa prakAra kiyA hai kosa triNi tihAM thI achai. mAhaNakuMDa sukSetra surasukha bhogavi avataryA, tiNa bIrai ho kiya ThAma pavitra // 63 / / jiNahara be nami cAlIyA, isa nagara UparI adhakoza janmabhUmi jina guNa thuguM hiva TaliyA bahu bhavacA doSa // 64 / / havai cAliyA kSatrIkuMDa mani bhAva dharIjai tIsa kosa paMthai gayA devala dekhIjai niramala kuMDa karI sanAna ghoati pahirijai vIranAha vaMdI karI mahApUja racIjai bAlapaNi krIr3A karI e. dekhI AmalI rUkha rAya siddhAratha tihA~ gharai, prekhaMtA gaI tisa bhUkha 23 kAkaMdI nagarI kahI ika joaNa gAU eka / suvidhinAtha tihA~ janamiyA, te thAnaka ho thuNau dhariya viveka // 65 // cauda sahasa muNivara malA, tihAM mAMhi prazaMsai vIra / bhadrAnaMdana joiya dhana dhanna ho sAhasa dhIra // 66 // saM0 1609 meM tapAgacchIya puNyasAgara ne bhI isa prakAra likhA hai doi krosa pAsii achai, mAhaNakuMDa gAma devAnaMdA taNI kUkhi avataravA ThAma te pUrai mujha mana Asa, bhAvana bhAbai gaurar3I e| gAi nitu rAsa vIranaha nihAlatAM e ne pratimA vaMdI karI. sAriya savi kAma pAMca koza kAkaMda nayara zrI suvidhiha janma || kSatriyakuNDa suThAma mahAvIra jina jiNa rAmatiramaiMe / e caThavIsai nAma pUrava disi jANI saMgha Avai yAnnA ghaNAe / / 143 // yahAM para kavi ne siddhArtha rAjA kA mahala, AmalI kror3A vRkSa dekhane tathA kuNDa meM snAna karane kA evaM jina pratimA kI mahApUjA racAne kA varNana kiyA hai| ve rAjagRha se 30 koza calakara Aye the aura yahA~ se pAMca kosa suvidhinAtha bhagavAna ke janma kalyANaka tIrtha kAkandI jAne kA aura vahA~ se Ate 60 koza campAnagara ___saM0 1670 meM AgarA ke loDhA kuMarapAla sonapAla ke yAtrI saMgha ke vivaraNa meM kharataragacchIya kavi vinayasAgara ne isa prakAra likhA hai khitrIkuMDa suhAmaNau. tiha janamyA zrI vardhamAna re| kAkaMdIpuri vaMdIyai. zrI suvidhinAtha jina mANa re // 72 // [221

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saMvata 1711-12 meM zIlavijayajI ne pUrva deza ke saM0 1750 meM saubhAgyavijaya racita tIrthamAlA meM tIrthoM kI yAtrA kI thI jisakA varNana unhoMne bar3I isa prakAra likhA haitarthamAlA meM isa prakAra kiyA hai koza chabIsa vihAra thakI ci0 kSatrIkaMDa kahevAya / tihAM thI AvyA kSatrikuNDa, vIrajI vaMdu mAhaNa kuNDa / paravata talahaTiyeM vase ci0 matharApurache jAya ||13|| . cyavana janma vIra nA ahiThANa, pAvApurI pAmyA nirvANa // koza doya parabata gayA~, ci0 mAhaNakaMDa kahe tAsa / isameM kSatriyakuNDa ke kalyANaka maMdiroM ke atirikta RSabhadatta brAhmaNa taNoM ci0 hato tiNe ThAme vAsa // 14 / / mAhaNajhuNDa meM bhI vora prabhu ko vandana karane kA ullekha kiyA hai / tapAgacchIya vijayadevasari ke samaya meM hivaNAM tiha taTanI vahai ci0 gAma ThAma nahIM koya / vijayasAgara ne sametazikhara tIrthamAlA meM isaprakAra jIraNa zrI jinarAja nA ci0 vaMdu deharA doya ||15|| likhA hai-- tihAM thI paravata Upari caDhaNA ci0 koza jise che cyAra / khAMti kharI khatrIkaMDanI jANI janma kalyANa ho viirjii|| giri kar3akheM eka deharoM ci0 vIra biMba sukhakAra ||16|| caitra sukala terasi dine, yAtrA karI supramANa ho vIrajI / / tihA~ thI kSatriyakaMDa kahai ci0 kauza doya bhUmi hoya / mAsa vasaMta vani vistarai, malayAcala nA vAya ho viirjii| devala pUjasahu vale ci0 piNa tihA~ navi jAye koya ||17|| vanarAjo phUlI-phalI, parimala puhavI na mAya ho vIrajI // maoriya macakuMda mogarA, maruA maMjari vaMta ho vIrajI giri pharasI ne AvIyA ci0 gAma korAI nAma / vaulasiri valI pADalI. bhRga yugala vilasaMta ho viirjii|| prathama parISaha vIra ne ci0 var3a tale che te ThAma |18|| kusumakalI mani mokalI. bimaNA damaNAnI joDi ho viirjii| tihAthI cihu~ koze bhalI ci0 kAkaMdI kahaivAya / talahaTII doya deharA. pUjyA jina mani kor3i ho borajI / / dhanno aNagAra e nagara no ci0 Aja kAkaMdI kahaivAya / / 19 / / siddhAratha ghara giri ziri tihAM vaMdU eka biMba ho viirjii| saubhAgyavijayajI ne likhA hai ki bihAra se kSatriya vihUM kauze brAhmaNakuMDa chai. vIraha mUla kuTuMba ho vIrajI / / ___ kuNDa bIsa koza hai| ve mathurApura-talahaTI ke mArga se do koza gaye aura nado ke donoM ora jo do prAcIna pUjiya girithakI UtaracA, gAmi kumAriya jAya ho viirjii| maMdira haiM. vahAM brAhmaNakuNDa aura RSabhadatta kA ghara likhA prathama parISaha cautaraI, vaMdyA vIra nA pAya ho vIrajI / / hai| vahA~ se parvata para janmasthAna ke vartamAna mandira gaye isa tIrthamAlA meM talahaTI meM do maMdira va janma phira vahA~ se do koza kSatriyakuMDa ( siddhArtha rAjA kA mahalasthAna meM eka jina bimba evaM vahA~ se do koza brAhmaNa- janmasthAna ) likhA hai. vahA~ koI nahIM jAtA, mandira kuNDa evaM kunAriya gA~va jAkara jahA~ bhagavAna kA prathama ke darzana karake hI loga lauTa Ate haiN| inhoMne bhI upasarga huA-cotarepara vIra prabhu ke caraNoM kI vandanA bhagavAna ke prathama upasarga sthAna kumAri gA~va ko jise karane kA ullekha hai| vahA~ se suvidhinAtha janmabhUmi Aja korAI kahate haiM. var3a ke nIce yAtrA karane kA kAkandI 7 koza tathA vihAra se 26 koza hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| yahA~ se kAkaMdI. jahAM kA dhannA mahatvapUrNa ullekha hai| aNagAra thA, cAra koza batalAyA hai| 222 ]

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tIrthamAlAoM ke uparyukta varNanoM se spaSTa hai ki gata ATha sau varSoM kI yAtrA ke pramANa vIraprabhu kI janmabhUmi ko sahasrAbdi se calatI AI paramparA kA prabala saMketa detI hai| vahAM kA brAhmaNa kuMDa mAhaNA aura kumaariy| korAI gAMva tathA purAtatva sAmagrI isa bAta kI sAkSI hai| kollAga Aja konAga kahalAtA hai / jisa vaizAlI ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi batAyA jAtA hai, vahAM na / to purAtatva hai na paramparA / basukuMDa ko kSatriyakuNDa batAnA kisI prakAra bhI buddhigamya nahIM hai| kollAga sanniveza ko vaizAlI kA kolhuA batAte haiM para kollAga kaI the / ataH sArI bAtoM para vicAra karane para bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi zvetAmbara jainAgama evaM hajAroM varSoM kI paramparA se mAnya kSatriyakuNDa hI pranANita hai|| vidyamAna the| jaba unheM bhagavAna ke nirvANa kI sUcanA zIghra hI mila gaI to unhoMne pratipadA ke dina upavAsa kara liyA aura bahina priyadarzanA ke dvArA unheM pAraNA karAne se bhAI dUja parva prasiddha ho gayA / yadi kSatriya kuNDa gaizAlI kA vibhAga hotA to na vaha vaca hI pAtA aura na itanI dUra tatkAla khabara hI milatI jisase vaha upavAsa kara letA / yaha bAta to isa paramparAgata kSatriyakuNDa, jo pAvApurI se adhika dUra nahIM hai, kI hI samarthaka hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi naizAlI nahIM thI isake viSaya meM eka bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa pramANa yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTaka kA magadha nareza kaNika ke sAtha to mahAzilA kaNTaka saMgrAma huA aura kalavAlaka sAdhu ke mAdhyama se munisuvrata stUpa bhaMga kara paizAlI ko naSTa kara vahAM gadhoM se hala calAne kI pratijJA pUrNa kii| kSatriyakuNDa ko maizAlI kA upanagara mAnane vAloM kI rAya meM to vaizAlI ke sAtha kSatriyakuNDa bhI naSTa ho gayA kyoMki yaha ghaTanA bhagavAna ke nirvANa se lagabhaga dasa-pandraha varSa pUrva ghaTita ho cukI thI aura nandIvarddhana jo bhagavAna ke bar3e bhrAtA kSatriyakuNDa ke svatantra rAjA the. bhagavAna ke nirvANakAla meM eka bAta aura mahatvapUrNa hai ki bhagavAna kI bhASA arddhamAgadhI thI jo bhagavAna kI mAtRbhASA nizcita rUpa se thI-ke AgamAdi pramANa bhare par3e haiM / Agama bhI usI bhASA meM hai| kahIM bhI bajjI bhASA jo videha deza kI thI ullekha nahIM hai / ataH yaha sthAna Age kabhI magadha meM rahA ho kintu bhASA to magadha kI hI thii| yadi kSatriyakuNDa kabhI videha deza kI sImA meM bhI rahA ho to bhI janmasthAna paizAlI kA upanagara kabhI nahIM ho sktaa| vaha to bhagavAna kA nanihAla thA / ceTaka mahArAjA kI sabhI putriyAM bhArata ke bar3e-bar3e dezAdhipatiyoM ke yahA~ vivAhita thIM aura bhagavAna kA vaMza bahuta U~cA thA aura isa kSatriyakuNDa ke svatantra narezvara the aura ceTaka kI putrI bhI bhagavAna ke bar3e bhrAtA nandivarddhana ko byAhI thii| ataH zAstrapramANa aura itihAsa pramANa va paramparA se yahI kSatriyakuNDa hai / pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ke bhrAnta andhAnukaraNa meM na jAkara satyAnveSI-satyAnugAmI baneM / [ 223

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bIkAnera kA eka prAcIna sacitra vijJapti - lekha rAjasthAna bhAratI ke janavarI 1247 (1 aMka 4) meM bIkAnera ke eka viziSTa sacitra vijJaptipatra kA paricaya diyA gayA thA / vaha vijJaptipatra saM0 1898 meM ajImagaMja meM sthita kharataragaccha AcArya jina saubhAgyasUrijI ko bIkAnera ke jaina saMgha kI ora se bhejA gayA thaa| adyAvadhi prApta samasta sacitra vijJapti lekhoM meM vaha sabase bar3A hai evaM usameM citra bhI bar3e sundara evaM kalApUrNa haiN| bIkAnera ke bar3e upAzraya ke jisa vRhat jJAna bhaMDAra meM uparokta vijJaptipatra thA. usa samaya taka usake ati rikta usase prAcIna do aura sacitra vijJaptipatra bhI isa bhaMDAra meM surakSita haiM, yaha vidita na ho sakA thA / kyoMki ye patra vinA sUcI ke baMDaloM meM baMdhe par3e the / idhara kucha varSoM meM una baMDaloM kA nirIkSaNa karate huye ve avalokana meM aaye| ataH prastuta lekha meM unameM se bIkAnera ke sacitra vijJapti patra kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA jA rahA hai| prastuta sacitra vijJapti lekha pUrvaprakAzita vijJapti patra se bahuta choTA hai ataH svAbhAvikatayA citroM kI saMkhyA usase kama hai / para prAcInatA ko dRSTi se isa lekha kA 224 ] vizeSa mahatva hai / yaha lekha usakI apekSA adhika vidvatApUrNa hone se isakA mahatva aura bhI bar3ha jAtA hai / pUrva prakAzita lekha se yaha patra 97 varSa pUrva likhita hai arthAt vaha patra 1818 kA thA. aura yaha 1801 kA hai / usa patra ke citrakAra kA nAma nahIM milA thA isa citra meM citrakAra kA nAma bhI mila jAtA hai| yaha patra kharataragaccha ke AcArya jinabhaktisUrijI kI sevA meM bIkAnera se rAdhanapura bhejA gayA thaa| pUrva patra zrAvaka saMgha kI ora se bhejA gayA thA. taba yaha yati nandalAla ke vizeSa prayatna se bhejA gayA hai| zrAvakoM ke vaMdana kI to sUcanA mAtra isameM hai / yaha vijJapti lekha 9 phITa 7|| iMca laMbA aura 9 iMca caur3A hai| Upara kA 7 / / iMca kA bhAga bilkula khAlI hai, jisameM maGgalasUcaka ' // zrI // ' likhA huA hai / avaziSTa 9 phuTa meM 5 phuTa meM citra hai aura 4 phuTa meM vijJapti lekha likhA huA hai| prathama citroM kA vivaraNa dekara phira lekha kA vivaraNa diyA jA rahA hai sarva prathama navaphana maMDita pArzvanAtha jinAlaya kA citra hai jisake tIna zikhara haiN| ye uttuMga zikhara laMba golAkRti haiM / madhyavartI zikhara dhvaja daMDa maMDita hai| paravartI citra meM sukha zayyA meM suSupta taM zaMkara / mAtA aura taddarzita caturdaza mahAsvapna tathA Upari bhAga meM aSTamAMga laka citra bane hue haiN| tatpazcAt mahArAjA kA citra hai jo saMbhavataH bIkAnera nareza jorAvarasiMhajI hoMge, jinakA barNana vijJaptipatra meM nIce AtA hai| unake pRSTha bhAga meM anucara ca~vara bIja rahA hai aura sanmukha jAjama para do musAhiba DhAla liye vaiThe haiN| isake bAda nagara ke cauhaTe kA saMkSipta dRzya dikhAyA gayA hai / caurAste ke cAroM ora cAra dukAne haiM jinameM se tIna rikta haiN| avazeSa meM purAnI bIkAnerI pagar3IdhArI vyApArI baiThe haiN| jina sabake lambI aMgarakhI pahanI huI hai| dukAnadAroM meM lekhadhArI, tarAjUdhArI, va gAMdhI Adi dhandhe

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vAle dikhAye gaye haiM / isake bAda kA citra jinheM yaha vijJapti lekha bhejA gayA hai una zrI pUjya jI "jinabhakti sUrijI kA hai, jo siMhAsana para virAjamAna haiM. pIche caMvaradhArI khar3A hai. zrI pUjyajI sthUla kAya haiN| unake sAmane sthApanAcArya tathA hAtha meM likhita patra hai ve jarI kI bUTiyoMvAlI caddara or3he huye vyAkhyAna dete hue dikhAye gaye haiM / sAmane tIna zrAvaka, do sAdhviyAM va do zrAvikAeM sthita haiN| pUThiye para citrakAra ne zrIpUjyajI kA nAma va isa lekha ko citrita karAne vAle nandalAla jI kA ullekha karate huye apanA nAmollekha ina zabdoM meM kiyA hai : 'sabI bhaTTArakajI rI pUjya zrI zrI jinabhaktijI rI hai| karavataM vanArarUjI zrI zrI nandalAlajI paThanArtha ||0|| mathena akharAma jogIdAsota zrI bIkAnera madhye citra saMjukta || zrI zrI // uparyukta lekha se citrakAra jogIdAsa kA putra akherAma prathena thA aura dhIkAnera meM hI vidvadvayaM nandalAlajI kI preraNA se ye citra banAye gaye siddha haiN| tadanaMtara lekha prArambha hotA hai| prArambha ke saMskRta zlokoM meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM AdinAtha, zAntinAtha, pArzvanAtha, neminAtha aura mahAvIra bhagavAn kI stuti evaM vaMdanA karake 14 zlokoM meM rAdhanapura nagara kA varNana hai| phira zlokoM meM jinamakti 8 sUrijI kA varNana karake gadya meM unake sAtha pAThaka nayamUrti pAThaka rAjasoma, vAcaka pUrNabhakti, mANikya sAgara, prItasAgara, lakSmIvilAsa, mativilAsa, jJAnavilAsa aura khetasI Adi 18 muniyoM ke hone kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, phira bIkAnera kA varNana kara mahArAjA jorAvarasiMha kA varNana gadya meM karake do padya diye haiM / phira nagara varNana ke do zloka dekara vIkAnera meM sthita nemiraMgagaNi, dAnavizAla, harSakalaza, hemacandra Adi kI vaMdanA sUcita karate hue ubhaya ora ke parvAdhirAja ke samArAdhana pUrva pradatta va prApta samAcAra patroM kA ullekha kiyA hai / tadanantara vikramapura ke samasta zrAvakoM kI vaMdanA nivedita karate hue vahAM ke pradhAna vyAkhyAna meM paMcamAMga bhagavatI sUtra vRtti sahita ke laghu vyAkhyAna meM zatruMjaya mahAtmya ke bAMce jAne kA nirdeza hai / sa0 1801 ke mArgazIrSa zukla saptamI ko lekha taiyAra huA va bhejA gayA hai| uparyukta pUrA lekha saMskRta bhASA meM hai| isake bAda do savaiye aura do dohe hindI meM haiN| jinameM jinabhaktisUrijI kA guNa varNana karate hue unake pratApa bar3hAne kA AzIrvAda diyA gayA hai / dUsare savaiye meM unake nandalAla dvArA kahe jAne kA ullekha hai| vijJapti lekha TippaNAkAra hai| usake mukhya pRSTha para 'vInatI zrI jinamaktisUrijI mahArAja ne citrAM sameta likhA hai| lekha paricaya yahAM samApta hotA hai| aba isameM Aye hue sUrijI va vidvAn muniyoM ke nAmoM se jinakA kucha vizeSa paricaya prApta hai unakA vivaraNa diyA jA rahA hai 2. 1. jinamaktisUrijI ye zreSThIya gotrIya zAha : haracaMda kI patnI harasukhade kI kukSi se iMdapAlasara meM saM0 1770 ke jyeSTha sudI 3 ko utpanna hue the| mUla nAma bhImarAja thaa| saM0 1779 kI mAgha sudI 7 ko jinasukhasUrijI se Apane dIkSA lii| dIkSA nAma bhaktikSema thA / saM0 1780 meM riNI meM jinasukhasUrijI ne vyAdhi utpanna hone para apanA antakAla nikaTa jAna jeTha vadI 3 ko inheM AcArya pada diyA / saM0 1804 jeTha sudI 4 kA kaccha sthita mAMDavI meM ApakA svargavAsa huaa| gUr3hA nagara ke ajita jinAlaya kI Apane pratiSThA kI prItisAgara Adi Apake kaI ziSya the, jinakI paramparA meM amRtadharma kSamAkalyANa 225

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Adi acche vidvAn hue haiN| isa paramparA kI vistRta nAmAvalI vRhat jJAna-maMDAra meM prApta hai / A0 jinabhakti sUrijI ke stavanAdi upalabdha haiN| ye vahuta sthUlakAya the| hamAre aitihAsika jana kAvya saMgraha meM Apake paricayAtmaka gIta va citra pR0 252 para chape haiM / anya do citra vRhad jJAna-bhaMDAra va RSabhadeva mandira meM lage haiN| inake paTTadhara jinalAmasUrijI acche vidvAn the| inakA adhyayana u0 dharmavaddhana ke pAsa huA thA / vidyAguru the| inakI parampara! kI nAmAvalI hamAre aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha ke pR063 meM dI huI hai| 3. nandalAla : ye acche vidvAna the| inake racita. _ 'gAra-vairAgya-taraMgiNI vRtti'. 'aSTAnhikA vyAkhyAna', 'siddhAnta ratnAvalI vyAkhyA', 'gajasiMha caupAI' Adi prApta haiM / dAnavizAla Apake ziSya the| 'zRgAra vairAgya-taraMgiNI vRtti unhIM ke Agraha se banAI gaI thii| AgarA aura baMgAla kI ora bhI Apane vihAra kiyA thA / nandalAla ApakA dIkSA se pUrvavartI nAma pratIta hotA hai| dIkSA nAma nemiraMga hai| inakI dIkSA saM0 1756 phAguna sudI 7 sojata meM huI thii| jinacandrasUrijI ke pAsa Apane dIkSA lI thI / inake guru kA nAma ratnasundara thA / 2. upAdhyAya rAjasoma : Apa tatkAlIna yatiyoM meM acche vidvAn the| Apake racita 'shrutjnyaanpuuj| saMskRta meM aura 'UMdararAsoM' aura kaI stavana 'Adi rAjasthAnI bhASA meM prApta haiM / upAdhyAya kSamAkalyAgajI ke Apa CCTION 226 ]

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jaina muniyoM ke nAmAnta pada yA nandiyA~ ananta catuSTaya virAjita AtmA apane vizuddha rUpa meM arUpI aura anAmI hai, parantu dehadhArI hone se usakI pahacAna ke lie nAma sthApana anivArya hai| cAra prakAra ke nikSepoM meM nAma. sthApanA. dravya aura bhAva haiN| ye satya mAne gaye haiN| AdikAla se nAma rakhane kI paripATI calI A rahI hai| bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI mAtA ke unake garbha meM Anepara dekhe vRSabha svapna ke anusAra unakA nAma RSabha rakhA gayA / caturdaza mahAsvapnoM meM prathama svapna vRSama hI thaa| anya nAma bhI ghaTanAoM ke pariveza meM rakhe gye| jaise mahAmArI zAnta hone se zAntinAtha, Rddhi sampadA meM vRddhi hone se varddhamAna ityAdi / kucha nAma prakRti se, kucha saMskRti se, kucha ghaTanA vizeSa se evaM kucha paramparAgata deza prathA Adi se sambandhita hote the| janma samaya ke graha-nakSatroM kI avasthiti bhI isameM prAdhAnya rakhatI thii| pANinI ne aSTAdhyAyI meM nAma va pada Adi kA vizada vivecana kiyA hai| apane-apane deza kI bhASA, dharma aura jAtigata prathA kAlAnurUpa saMgha praNAlI dekhate Arya, muni, sthavira, gaNi Adi upAdhi sambodhana hotA thaa| pahale jo prAkRta rUpa the ve unake saMskRta rUpoM meM prayukta hone lge| phira jaba apabhraMzakAla AyA to zabdoM kA tadanurupa parivartana ho gayA / bolacAla kI bhASA meM nAgabhaTTa nAhar3a, devamaTTa-dehar3a, vAgbhaTTa-bAhar3a, tyAgabhaTTa-cAhar3a, maMdharaTIMvar3a, pRthvIdhara - pethar3a Adi meM uttarArddha kA lopa hokara 'Da' pratyaya laga ge| 'Na' pratyaya bhI lge| jaisejasahar3a-jAlahaNa, AlhAdana-AlhaNa, pralhAdana-pAlhaNa Adi saMkhyAbaddha udAharaNa diye jA sakate haiN| AcAryoM ke kakkasUri. nannasUri, jajigasUri Adi nAma bhI apabhrazakAla kI dena hai| Aja ke pariveza meM nAma ke Adi pada uparyukta prathA ke sAtha-sAtha nAmAnta meM jaise rAjasthAna meM lAla, caMda, rAja, malla, dAna. siMha, karaNa, kumAra Adi pracalita haiM vaise hI gUrjara deza kA hI samajhanA cAhie kyoMki prAcIna kAla meM donoM bhASAe eka hI thI / aba to aneka nAma sImAoM kA ullaMghana kara sArvatrika pracalita ho gae haiN| pUrvakAla meM veza-bhUSA aura nAmoM se deza va jAti kI pahacAna ho jAtI thI kintu Aja vaha bheda gauNa . hotA jA rahA hai, astu / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke samaya pravarjita hone para nAma parivartana kI anivAryatA nahIM thii| itihAsa sAkSI hai ki sabhI apane gRhastha nAma se hI pahacAne jAte the| taba prazna hotA hai ki gRhasthAvasthA tyAgakara muni hone para nAma parivartana kara navIna nAmakaraNa kaba se aura kyoM kiyA jAne lagA ? isapara vicAra karane se lagatA hai ki caityavAsa ke yuga se to yaha prathA prAraMbha huI hogI para isakA kAraNa yahI mAlUma detA hai ki gRhatyAga ke pazcAt muni jIvana eka taraha se nayA janma ho jAtA hai / gRhasambandha-viccheda ke lie vezaparivartana kI mA~ti gRhastha sambandhI rizte, smRtijanya bhAvanAoM ko tyAga. mohaparihAra aura vairAgya vRddhi ke lie isa prathA kI upayogitA ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| zrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja ne samyaktva zalyo [ 227

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1. girI, 2. purI, 3. bhAratI, 4. sAgara, 5. Azrama. 6. parvata. 7. tIrtha, 8. sarasvatI, 9, vana, 10. AcArya / zvetAmbara jaina granthoM meM nAmakaraNa vidhi kA sabase prAcIna, vizada aura spaSTa ullekha kharataragaccha kI rudrapallIya zAkhA ke AcArya zrI varddhamAnasUrijI racita 'AcAra dinakara' nAmaka grantha meM vistAra ke sAtha milatA hai jo vi0 saM0 1468 kA0 su015 jAlandhara deza paMjAba ke nandavanapura (nAMdauna) meM viracita hai| isameM nAma parivartana kA kAraNa batalAte hue likhA hai ki pUrvahi jaina sAdhutve sUritvepi samAgate / na nAmnAM parivatobhUnmunInAM mokSa gAmitAM / / 6 / / dvAra ke pR0 13 meM batalAyA hai ki 'paMcavastu' nAmaka graMtha meM isa prathA kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| nAma parivartana kI prathA zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAya meM pracalita hai jo sthAnakavAsI, terApaMthI. lauMkA, kaDuAmatI ke atirikta mUrtipUjaka sampradAya meM to hai hI parantu ve loga svAmI, RSi, muni Adi vizeSaNa mAtra lagA dete haiN| Ajakala to terApaMthI samAja meM bhI nAma parivartana karane kI prathA kathaMcit pracalita ho gaI hai| digambara sampradAya meM sAgara, bhUSaNa, kIrti Adi nAmAnta pada pracalita haiN| yataH-zAMtisAgara, dezabhUSaNa, mahAvIra kiiti| AnaMda naMdI bhI vidyamAna hai| yataH vidyAnaMda, sahajAnaMda aadi| inake sAtha-sAtha caMda aura sena bhI gaNa/ saMgha kI paripATI meM pracalita hai| vartamAna kAla meM zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sampradAya ke tapAgaccha meM sAgara, vijaya, vimala aura muni evaM kharataragaccha meM sAgara va muni nAma pracalita haiN| pAyacaMdagaccha meM candra aura aMcala gaccha meM sAgara nAmAnta pada hI pAye jAte haiM java ki prAcIna itihAsa meM inake atirikta bahu saMkhyaka nAmAnta pada vyavahRta dekhane meM Ate haiN| hameM isa nibandha meM ina nAmAnta pada jinheM 'nandI' kahA jAtA hai para vistAra se vicAra karanA hai| isa prakAra ke nAma parivartana kI prathA bhArata aura yUropa Adi dezoM ke rAjya tantra meM to pAyI jAtI hI hai para dIkSAntara nAma parivartana kI prathA vedika sampradAya meM bhI prApta haiM / 'darzana prakAza' nAmaka graMtha meM saMnyAsiyoM ke dasa prakAra ke nAmoM kA ullekha saMprApta hai| yataH 1. girI-sadAziva, 2. parvata puruSa. 3. sAgara-zakti, 4. vana-rudra, 5. ariNa-OMkAra, 6. tIrtha-brahma, 7. AgamaviSNu, 8. maTha-ziva. 9. purI-akSara, 10. bhAratI-parabrahma / 'bhArata kA dhArmika itihAsa' grantha ke pRSTha 180 meM dasa nAmAntapada isa prakAra batalAye haiM sAmprataM gaccha saMyogaH kriyate vRddhi hetve| mahA snehAyAyuSe ca lAbhAya guru ziSyayoH / / 7 / / tatastena kAraNena nAma rAzyanusArataH / guru pradhAnatAM nItvA vinayenAnukIrtayet // 8 // naMdI, nAma ke pUrvapada ke sambandha meM pR0 386 meM likhA hai ki-nAma tathA yoni 1 varga 2 lAmAlAbha 3 gaNa 4 rAzi bheda 5 zuddhaM nAmaM dhAt nAma syAtpUrvataH sAdhoH zubho deva gunnaagmaiH| jina kIti ramA candra zIlodaya dhanairapi / / 20 / / vidyA vimala kalyANai rjIva megha divaakrH| muni tribhuvanAMbhojeH sudhA tejo mahAnRpaiH / / 21 / / dayA bhAva kSamA sUraiH suvarNa maNi karmabhiH / AnandAnanta dharmezca jaya devendra sAgaraiH // 22 // siddhi zAnti labdhi buddhi sahaja jJAna darzanaiH / cAritra vIra vijaya cAru rAma mRgAdhipaiH / / 23 / / mahI vizAla vibudha vinayai naya sNyutaiH| sarva prabodha rUpaizca gaNa meru varai rapi / / 24 / / 228 ]

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jayanta yoga tArAbhiH kalA pRthvI hari priyaiH / etat prabhRtibhiH pUrva padai muni nAmAnta pada syAdabhidhAnaH ||25|| zazAGka kumbha zailAbdhi kumAra prama valabhaiH / siMha kuJjara devaizca datta kIrti priyai rapi // 26 // pravarAnanda nidhi zrI rAja sundara zekharaiH / vardhanA kara haMsaizca ratnameru samUrtibhiH ||27|| sAra bhUSaNa dharmezca ketu punava puNDakaiH / jJAna darzana vIreza padaireni stathottaraH ||28|| jAyante sAdhu nAmAni sthitaiH pUrva padAtparaiH / anyAni yAni sahaja nAmAni viditAni ca / 29|| nRNA tAnyuttama padai bhUSA yavata dAnataH / evaM vidadhyAtsuguruH sAdhunAM nAma kIrttanam ||30|| eteSveva paraM surapadaM syAttatpadAgame / gaccha svabhAva saMjJAsu navimedo'bhidhAnataH ||31|| upAdhyAya vAcanAyeM nAmAni khalu sAdhuvat / vratinInAM tu nAmAni yativatpUrvaH padaiH ||32|| sAdhvI nAma | syuruttara padairebhi ranantara sabhI ritaH / matizcUlAprabhA devI labdhi siddhivatI mukhaiH ||33|| pravartino nAma pyevaM nAmAni parikIrttayet / mahattarANAM taiH pUrvaiH sarve pUrva padai rapi ||34|| zrI stara pade kAryA nAnyAsu vratinISu ca / muni nAmAni sarvANi striyA mAdAdi yojanAt ||35|| jAyante vratinI saMjJAH zrAnteH kezcinmahattarAH / vizeSAnnAdi senAntAH saMjJAsyujina kIrtanam ||36|| zeSA nAmAni tulyAnyubhayorapi sarvadA / viprANAmapi nAmAni vRddhArha dviSNu vedhatAM ||37|| gaNeza kArtikeyArka caMdra zaMkara dhImatAm / vidyAdhara samudrAdi kalpadra, jaya yoginAm ||38|| sAmAnayuttamAnAM ca nAmAni pari kalpayet / brahmacAri kSullakayo naM nAmnAM parivartanam ||39|| ( isake bAda kSatriya vaizyAdi ke nAmakaraNa kA ullekha sarva gAthA 49 taka hai| ) bhAvArtha sAra - prAcIna kAla meM sAdhu evaM sUripada ke samaya nAma parivartana nahIM hote the, para varttamAna meM gaccha saMyoga vRddhi ke hetu aisA kiyA jAtA hai / 1 yoni 2 varga 3 labhyAlabhya 4 gaga aura 5 rAzimeda ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue zuddha nAma denA caahie| nAma meM pUrva pada evaM uttara pada isa prakAra do pada hote haiM / unameM muniyoM ke nAmoM meM pUrva pada nimnokta rakhe jA sakate haiM 1 zubha, 2 deva. 3 guga, 4 Agama, 5 jina, 6 kIrtti 7ramA (lakSmI) 8 candra 9zIla 10 udaya, 11 dhana, 12 vidyA 13 vimala, 14 kalyANa, 15 jIva, 16 megha, 17 divAkara, 18 muni, 19 tribhuvana, 20 aMbhoja (kamala). 21 sudhA 22 teja, 23 mahA. 24 nRpa. 25 dayA, 26 bhAva, 27 kSamA, 28 sUra, 29 suvarNa, 30 maNi, 31 karma, 32 AnaMda, 33 ananta 34 dharma, 35 jaya. 36 devendra, 37 sAgara, 38 siddhi, 39 zAnti, 40 labdhi, 41 buddhi, 42 sahaja 43 jJAna. 44 darzana, 45 cAritra, 46 vIra. 47 vijaya 48 cAru. 49 rAma 50 siMha (mRgAdhipa) 51 mahI 52 vizAla 53 vibudha, 54 vinaya 55 naya 56 sarva 57 pravodha, 58 rUpa, 59 gaNa. 60 meru, 61 vara, 62 jayanta, 63 yoga, 64 tArA, 65 kalA, 66 pRthvI 67 hari 68 priya muniyoM ke nAma ke antya pada ye haiM 1 zazAMka (candra), 2 kuMbha, 3 zaila, 4 abdhi, 5 kumAra, 6 prama, 7 vallabha pa siMha, 9 kuMjara, 10 deva 11 datta, [ 229

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12 kAtti: 13 priya, 14 pravara, 15 AnaMda, 16 nidhi, 17 rAja. 18 sundara, 19 zekhara, 20 varddhana, 21 Akara. 22 haMsa, 23 ratna, 24 meru, 25 mUtti, 26 sAra, 27 bhUSaNa, 28 dharma, 29 ketu (dhvaja), 30 puNDaka (kamala). 31 puGgava, 32 jJAna, 33 darzana, 34 vIra ityAdi / samajhanA caahie| Age brAhmaNa kSatriyoM ke nAmoM ke pada bhI batAye haiN| vizeSa jAnane ke lie mUla grantha kA 40 vA~ udaya (pR0386-89) dekhanA caahie| sUri, upAdhyAya. vAcanAcAryoM ke nAma bhI sAdhuvat samajheM / sAdhviyoM ke nAmoM meM pUrva pada to muniyoM ke samAna hI smjheN| uttara pada isa prakAra hai-- 1 mati, 2 cUlA, 3 prabhA. 4 devI, 5 labdhi,6 siddhi 7 vtii| pravartinI ke nAma bhI isI prakAra haiM / mahattarA ke nAmoM meM uttara pada 'zrI' rakhanA cAhie / jinakalpI kA nAmAnta pada 'sena' itanA vizeSa 1 amRta 15 caMdra 29 nivAsa 2 Akara 16 cAritra 30 naMdana 3 AnaMda 17 citta 31 naMdi 18 jaya 32 padma 5 udaya 19 NAga 33 pati 6 kamala 20 tilaka 34 pAla 7 kalyANa 21 darzana 35 priya 8 kalaza 22 datta 36 prabodha 9 kallola 23 deva 37 pramoda 10 kIrti 24 dharma 38 pradhAna 11 kumAra 25 dhvaja 39 prabha 12 kuzala 26 dhIra 40 bhadra 13 kaMjara 27 nidhi 41 makta 14 gaNi 28 nidhAna 42 bhakti nimnokta nAmAnta padoM kA bhI ullekha mAtra milatA hai, para vyavahRta hote nahIM dekhe gaye kanaka, parvata, caritra, lalita, prAjJa. jJAna, mukti, 230 ] kharataragaccha meM ina nAmAnta padoM ko vartamAna meM nAMdi 'yA' 'naMdI' kahate haiM aura inakI saMkhyA caurAsI (84) batalAyI jAtI hai jaba ki Upara nAma 68 hI diye haiN| vizeSa khoja karane para hameM bIkAnera meM kharataragacchIya zrI pUjya zrI jinacAritrasarijI ke daphtara evaM aneka phuTakara patroM meM aisI 84 nAmAnta pada sUcI upalabdha huI para una saba meM punarukti rUpa se pAye nAmoM ko bAda dene para jaba 78 raha gaye to kharataragaccha gurvAvalI Adi meM prayukta nAmoM ko anveSaNa karane para jo naye nAmAnta upalabdha hue una saba ko akSarAnukrama sUcI yahA~ prastuta kI jA rahI haiM43 bhUSaNa 57 raMga 71 sAgara 44 bhaMDAra 58 labdhi 72 sAra 45 mANikya 59 lAma 73 siMdhura 46 muni 60 varddhana 74 siMha 47 mUrti 61 vallama 75 sukha 48 merU 62 vijaya 76 sundara 49 maMDaNa 63 vinaya 77 sena 50 mandira 64 vimala 78 soma 51 yukti 65 vilAsa 79 saubhAgya 52 ratha 66 vizAla 80 saMyama 53 ratna 67 zIla 81 harSa 54 rakSita 68 zekhara 2 hita 55 rAja 69 samudra 83 hema 56 ruci 70 satya 84 haMsa dAsa. giri, naMda. mAna, prIti, chatra, phaNa. prabhadra. tiya, hiMsa. gaja, lakSya, vara dhara, sUra, sukAla, moha, kSema, vIra ( kharataragaccha meM nahIM). tuMga (aMcala gaccha meN)| inameM

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se kaI padanAma ke pUrvapada rUpa meM avazya vyavhata haiN| nAma parivartana meM prAyaH yaha dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai ki muni kI rAzi usake pUrva nAma kI hI rhe| bahuta se sthAnoM meM prathamAkSara bhI vahIM rakhA jAtA hai| jaisesukhalAla kA dIkSita nAma sukhalAma, rAjamala kA nAma rAjasundara, ratnasundara aadi| tapAgaccha isI prakAra sAdhviyoM kI nandiyeM (nAmAnta pada) bhI 84 hI kahI jAtI haiM para unakI sUcI adyAvadhi kahIM bhI hamAre avalokana meM nahIM aaii| hamane prAcIna graMthoM. patroM, TippaNakoM Adi se itane nAmAnta pada prApta kiye haiM 1 zrI, 2 mAlA, 3 cUlA. 4 vatI, 5 mati, 6 prabhA, 7 lakSmI. 8 sundarI. 9 siddhi, 10 niddhi, 11 vRddhi, 12 samRddhi, 13 vRSTi, 14 darzanA, 15 dharmA, 16 maMjarI, 17 devI, 18 zriyA, 19 zobhA, 20 vallI, 21 Rddhi, 22 senA, 23 zikSA, 27 ruci, 25 zIlA, 26 vijayA. 27 mahimA, 28 cndrikaa| aba digambara sampradAya evaM kharataragaccha ke atirikta zvetAmbarIya gacchoM meM kitane hI muni nAmAnta padoM kA ullekha dekhane meM AyA hai. unakA vivaraNa bhI yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| digambara naMdi, candra, kItti, bhUSaNa-ye prAyaH nandi saMgha ke muniyoM ke nAmAnta pada haiN| sena, bhadra. rAja, vIrya-ye prAyaH sena saMgha ke muni nAmAnta pada haiM / (vidvadraratnamAlA, pR018) zrI lakSmIsAgara sUri (saM01508-17) ke muniyoM ke nAmAnta pada-tilaka, viveka, ruci, rAja. sahaja, bhUSaNa, kalyANa, zruta. zIti, zrIti, mUtti, pramoda, Ananda, naMdi. sAdhu, ratna, maMDaga, naMdana, varddhana, jJAna, darzana, prama, lAbha, dharma, soma, saMyama, hena, kSema, priya, udaya, mANikya. satya. jaya, vijaya, sundara, sAra, dhIra, vIra, cAritra, caMdra, bhadra, samudra, zekhara, sAgara, sUra, maMgala, zIla, kuzala, vimala, kamala, vizAla, deva, ziva, yaza, kalaza, harSa, haMsa, 57 ityAdi padAntAH sahasrazaH / (somacAritra kRta guruguNaratnAkara kAvya, dvitIya sarga) zrI hIravijayasUrijI ke samudAya kI 18 zAkhAyeM 1 vijaya, 2 vimala, 3 sAgara, 4 candra, 5 harSa, 6 saubhAgya, 7 sundara, 8 ratna, 9dharma, 10 haMsa, 11 AnaMda, 12 varddhana. 13 soma, 14 ruci, 15 sAra, 16 rAja. 17 kuzala.18 udaya / (aitihAsika sajhAyamAlA. pR010) kharataragaccha kI vizeSa paripATiyA~ upakeza gaccha kI 22 zAkhAe~ 1 sundara, 2 prabha, 3 kanaka, 4 meru. 5 sAra, 6 caMdra, 7 sAgara, 8 haMsa, 9 tilaka, 10 kalaza, 11 ratna, 12 samudra, 13 kallola. 14 raMga, 15 zikhara, 16 vizAla. 17 rAja, 18 kumAra, 19 deva, 20 AnaMda, 21 Aditya, 22 kuMbha / (upakeza gaccha paTTAvalI. jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka) uparyukta nandI sUciyoM se spaSTa hai ki kahIM-kahIM digambara vidvAna yaha samajhane kI bhUla kara baiThate haiM ki bhUSaNa. sena, kIrti Adi nAmAnta pada digambara muniyoM ke hI haiM, vaha ThIka nahIM hai| ina sabhI nAmAnta padoM kA vyavahAra zvetAmbara sampradAya meM bhI huA hai| naMdiyoM ke sambandha kI kharataragaccha meM katipaya vizeSa paripATiyA~ dekhane-jAnane meM AI haiM jinase aneka mahattvapUrNa bAtoM kA patA calatA hai. ataH unakA vivaraNa yahA~ diyA jAtA hai| 1 kharataragaccha ke Adi puruSa zrI varddhamAnasUri ke ziSya zrI jinezvara sUrijI paTTadhara AcAryoM ke nAma kA parva pada "jina" ruDha ho gayA hai| isI prakAra ina ziSya saMvegaraMgazAlA nirmAtA zrI jinacandra sUrijI se [ 231

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caturtha paTTa para yahI nAma rakhe jAne kI praNAlI ruda ho gaI hai| 2 yugapradhAnAcArya gurvAvalI se spaSTa hai ki usa samaya sAmAnya AcArya pada ke samaya, isI prakAra 'upAdhyAya', 'vAcanAcArya' padoM ke evaM sAdhviyoM ke 'mhtt|' pada pradAna ke samaya bhI kabhI-kabhI nAma parivartana arthAt navIna nAmakaraNa hotA thaa| 3 tapAgacchAdi meM guru-ziSya kA nAmAnta pada eka hI dekhA jAtA hai.. para kharataragaccha meM yaha paripATI nahIM hai| guru kA jo nAmAnta pada hogA, vahI pada ziSya ke liye nahIM rakhe jAne kI eka vizeSa paripATI hai| isameM zAntiharSa ke ziSya jinaharNa gaNi kA nAma apavAda rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai / bhinna nandI prathA arthAt guru ke nAmAnta pada bhinna hone vAle muni ne apane granthAdi meM yadi gaccha kA ullekha nahIM kiyA ho to usake kharatara gacchIya hone kI vizeSa saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai| ke pR0 259 se 261 meM prakAzita kI hai| yaha sUcI hameM unake do vihArapatroM meM saMvatAnukrama se cAturmAsa aura viziSTa ghaTanAoM ke ullekha sahita upalabdha huI thii| dIkSA samaya eka sAtha jitane bhI muniyoM kI dIkSA ho una sabakA nAmAnta pada eka hI rakhA jAya yaha paripATI bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa hai| itaHpUrva yaha anivArya nahIM rahA hogA / isa mahattvapUrNa prathA se usa samaya ke adhikAMza muniyoM kI dIkSA kA anukrama nandI anukrama se prApta ho jAne se hameM tatkAkIna vidvAnoM va ziSroM kA isa vaijJAnika paddhati se sampAdana karane meM bar3I suvidhA ho gaI thI jaise-guNavinaya aura samayasundara donoM samakAla na mUrdhanya vidvAna the para dIkSA paryAya meM kauna choTA-bar3A thA yaha jAnane ke lie nandI anukrama kA sahArA parama upayogI siddha huaa| isake anusAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki guNavinaya kI dIkSA prathama huI thI kyoMki unakI 'vinaya' nandI kA kramAGga 8 vAM hai aura 'sundara' nandI kA kramAGka 20 vAM hai| __uparyukta nandI prathA se AkRSTa ho kara hamane vikIrNa patroM meM, pRSThe TippaNikA, harSa TippaNikA Adi meM isakI vizeSa zodha kii| zrI pUjyoM ke daphtara to isake vizeSa Akara haiN| pIche ke daphtaroM ko dekhane se patA calatA hai ki eka naMdI (nAmAnta para ) eka sAtha dIkSita muniyoM ke lie eka hI bAra vyavahRta na ho kara kaI bAra dIkSAe~ diye jAne para calatI rahatI thii| arthAt 'candra' nandI cAlU kI aura usameM adhika dIkSAeM nahIM huI to eka do varSa cala sakatI hai athavA nidhana jaisI durghaTanA yA dIkSA nAma sthApana meM guru-ziSya ke nAma, muhUrtarAzi Adi pratikUla baiTha jAne se nandI badalI jAtI thI anyathA gaccha nAyaka kI icchA aura lAmA-lAbha ke hisAba se lambe samaya bhI cala sakatI thii| 6-yugapradhAna zrI jinacandrasUri jI se aba taka to kharataragaccha meM eka aura vizeSa praNAlI dekhI jAtI hai ki 4 sAdhviyoM ke nAmAnta pada ke lie naM03 vAlI bAta na hokara guruNI-ziSyA kA nAmAnta pada eka hI dekhA gayA hai| 5 saba muniyoM kI dIkSA paTTadhara gacchanAyaka AcArya ke hAtha se hI hotI thI / kvacit dUra deza Adi meM virAjane Adi vizeSa kAraNa se anya AcArya mahArAja, upAdhyAyoM Adi viziSTa pada sthita gItArthoM ko AjJA dete yA vAsakSepa preSaNa karate taba anya bhI dIkSA de sakate the| navadIkSita muniyoM kA nAmakaraNa gacchanAyaka AcArya dvArA sthApita naMdI (nAmAntapada) ke anusAra hI hotA thaa| Uparivargita caurAsI nandiyoM meM sarvAdhika nandiyoM kI sthApanA akabara pratibodhaka yugapradhAna zrI jinacaMdrasari jI ne kI thii| unake dvArA sthApita 44 nandiyoM kI sUcI hamane apane 'yugapradhAna zrI jinacandrasUra' grantha 232 ]

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sarvAMga pUrNa itihAsa teyAra ho jaataa| yadi kisI bhaMDAra meM, binA sUcI ke aTAle meM saubhAgyavaza mila jAe to usakI pUrI zodha honA Avazyaka hai| paTTadhara AcArya nAmAnta pada jo hogA. sarvaprathama vahI naMdI sthApita kI jaaygii| jaise jinacaMdra sUri jI jaba pahale muniyoM ko dIkSA deMge to unakA nAmAnta pada bho apane nAmAnta padAnusAra 'candra ' hI rkheNge| unake prathama ziSya sakalacaMdra gaNi the| isI prakAra jinasukhasUri pahale 'sukha' naMdI, jinalAbhasUri 'lAbha' naMdi: jinabhaktisUri 'bhakti' naMdI hI sarvaprathama rkheNge| arthAt navadIkSita muniyoM kA nAmAnta pada sarvaprathama vahI rakhA jaaygaa| yaha prathA zrI jinaharSa sUrijI se lupta ho gaI kyoMki unhoMne prathama 'AnaMda' naMdI sthApita kI thii| saM0 1700 se vartamAna taka kA eka daphtara jayapura gaddI ke vartamAna zrIpUjya zrI jinadharaNendrasUrijI taka kA upalabdha hai jisameM purAne daphtara kA anekazaH jikra hai| isI prakAra kharataragaccha kI anyAnya zAkhAoM ke daphtara mila jAe to kitanA uttama ho / bIkAnera zrIpUjyoM kI gaddI kA daphtara hamane dekhA hai evaM AcArya zAkhA kI kucha dIkSA naMdI sUciyAM milI haiN| anya sabhI zAkhAoM kI kho gaI-naSTa ho gaI hai parantu inameM jo dIkSita yati-muniyoM kI nAmAvalI dI hai vaha isa prakAra hai zrImannRpati vikramAditya rAjyAta saMvat 1707 varSa zAke 1572 pramite mAsottame vaizAkha mAse zubhe zukla pakSe tRtIyAyAM tithau zrI majjezalameru madhye bhaTTAraka / zrI jinaratnasUribhilAbha naMdI kRtA / / pUrvanAma mohaNa kezava dIkSA nAma mahimAlAma kanakalAma guru nAma u0 rAjavijaya gaNeH padAraMga rau mitI migasara sudi 12 jesalameru madhye 7----kharataragaccha meM samAcArI-maryAdA pravartaka zrI jinapatisUri jI ne daphtara-itihAsa yA DAyarI rakhane kI bahuta hI suMdara aura upayogI paripATI calAI thii| aisI daphtara vahI meM jisa saMvat mitI ko jinheM dIkSita kiyA evaM sUri pada, upAdhyAyAdi pada die unakI pUrI nAmAvalI likha lete the| jahA~-jahA~ vicarate vahA~ kI pratiSThA, saMgha-yAtrAdi mahatvapUrNa kAryoM evaM ghaTanAoM kA ullekha usameM avazya kiyA jAtA evaM viziSTa zrAvakoM ke nAma, paricaya, bhakti, kAryAdi kA vivaraNa likhA jAtA rahA / jaisalamera bhaMDAra kI prAcIna sUcI meM aisI 350 patroM kI prati hone kA ullekha dekhA thA para vaha anupalabdha hai| kharataragaccha aneka zAkhAoM meM vibhakta ho gayA aura ve zAkhAe' nAma zeSa ho gaI aura sAmagrI bhI naSTa ho gii| yadi ve upalabdha hotI to kharataragaccha kA aisA sarvAMgapUrNa vyavasthita itihAsa taiyAra hotA jaisA zAyada hI kisI gaccha kA ho| bhAratIya itihAsa meM ye daphtara / itihAsa gurvAvalI Adi atyanta mUlyavAna sAmagrI haiN| hameM sarvaprathama daphtara jisakA nAma yugapradhAnAcArya gurvAvalI hai. saM0 1393 taka kA upalabdha huA / usake bAda saM0 1700 se vartamAna taka kA paravartI daphtara upalabdha hai / madhyakAlIna jinabhadrasUrijI aura yu0pra0 jinacaMdrasUri jI ke samaya ke daphtara mila jAte to zrIjitAm DAhA khetasI hemarAja vIdau vastau amIcaMda dayAlAma kSamAlAma harSalAbha vijayalAbha vidyAlAbha udayalAma sumatidharma rau kuzaladhIra rau mitI phAguNa vadI 1 mer3atAnagare bhUpati bhaktilAbha khetasI kuzalalAma zAMtilAma ThAkurasI zAntiharSa rau [ 233

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laddhau sAMvala sukhalAma sumatiraMga rau saMtoSau sumatilAma sAdhuharNa rau lakSmIlAbha sahajaharNa rau mitI phAguNa sudi 5 zrI jayatAraNa madhye kacarau karpUralAbha udayahaNa rau udayacaMda ANaMdalAma jJAnamUrti rau toDara jJAnalAbha rAyasiMha rAjalAbha rAjahaNa rau bhAvasiMha bhuvanalAma matiharNa rau kheto nayanalAbha jJAnaharSa rau ( pUvAliyA grAma) mitI vaizAkha sudi 3 AgarAmadhye jesiMgha yazolAma guNasena rau karmacaMda kAntilAma kalyANavijaya rau yodhau jayalAma mahimAkumAra rau bAlacaMda vinayalAma vinayapramoda rau yaha dIkSAe kevala 1 varSa meM eka hI nandI meM huI hai| zrI jinaratnasUrijI zrIpUjya AcArya the jo paMcamahAvratadhArI the| usa jamAne meM unheM 'yati / kahate the| sAdhu, yati, RSi, muni, zramaNa, nirgrantha Adi dasa paryAyavAcI zabda haiM / saM0 1707 se pUrva inhoMne yA pUrvavartI AcAryoM ne dIkSAe dI unakI sUciyAM prApta haiN| isase ve kahA~-kahA~ vicare, kahA~, kise, kisa samvat. mitI, sthAna meM dIkSA dI. guru kA nAma, gRhasthAvasthA kA nAma, dIkSita nAma Adi aneka bAtoM kA patA cala jAtA hai| eka-eka nandI meM dasa. bIsa. pacAsa, sattara taka dIkSAe huI jinakA prAmANika vivaraNa aise daphtaroM meM milatA hai| yadi itihAsakAroM ke pAsa ye bahumUlya dastAveja hoM to unakI aneka samasyAe hala ho sakatI haiM, prAmANika vivaraNa prApta karane kA parizrama aura samaya kI bacata ho sakatI hai aura bahumUlya / prAmANika itihAsa likhA jA sakatA hai| nandI yA nAmAnta pada sambandhI jina-jina maryAdAoM. vidhAoM kA Upara ullekha kiyA hai vaha saba kharataragaccha kI zrI jinabhadrasUri paramparA vRhat-zAkhA ke dRSTikoNa se likhI gaI haiN| saMbhava hai isa vizAla gaccha kI aneka zAkhAoM meM paripATI kI bhinnatA bhI ho| yaha zodha viSaya-sAmagrI kI upalabdhi para nirbhara hai| vartamAna meM upayukta paripATI kevala yati samAja meM hI hai| jahA~ paramparA meM hajAroM yatijana the kramazaH AcArahIna hote gaye, kriyoddhAra karane vAle muniyoM se unakA sambandha viccheda ho gayA / yatijana bhI gRhasthavat ho gye| maryAdAeM maraNonmukha hotI jAne se ava daphtara lekhana kI praNAlI nAma zeSa ho rahI hai| kharataragacchIya muniyoM meM abhI eka zatAbdI se una prAcIna paripATiyoM praNAliyoM kA vyavahAra baMda ho gayA hai| ava unameM kevala 'sAgara' nandI aura zrI mohanalAlajI mahArAja ke samudAya meM 'muni' evaM sAdhviyoM meM 'zrI' nAmAnta pada hI rUr3ha ho gayA hai| guru-ziSyoM kA eka 'nAmAnta pada' ho jAne se utanA sauSThava nahIM rahA / sAdhviyoM ke nAma aura dIkSA Adi kA vivaraNa jayapura zrI pUjyajI ke daphtara meM saM0 1783 se upalabdha hai| Adhunika pariveza meM itihAsa. lekhana paripATI parivartana se vizRkhalatA A sakatI hai| hamAre aitihAsika parizIlana meM gata pacAsa varSoM meM kharataragacchIya dRSTikoNa se jo dekhA, anubhava kiyA vahI Upara likhA gayA hai| isI prakAra anya vidvAnoM ko anya gacchoM ke nAmAnta pada sambandhI vizeSa paripATiyoM kA anusandhAna kara unapara prakAza DAlanA apekSita hai| AzA hai isa aura vidvadgaNa dhyAna dekara itihAsa ke banda pRSThoM ko kholane kA prayAsa kreNge| yaha nibandha eka saMbhAvita vizad itihAsa kI bhUmikA mAtra hai jisake garbha meM saikar3oM pRSThoM kI mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI chipI par3I hai jisakA anuzIlana-prakAzana samayocita va aparihArya hai| 234 ]

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nAhaTA-vaMza-prazastiH sarasvatI namaskRtya gurudevaprasAdataH / vargayAmi samAsena svIyAM vaMzaprazastikAm / / 2 / / astyupakezavaMze'smin nAhaTA-nAma-gotrakaH / vidyA-vaibhava-sampanno rAjate vaikrame pure // 2 // pUte kharatare gacche kSatriyAn paramArajAn / jinAdirbodhayAmAsa dattAnto munisattamaH / / 3 / / nAhaTA-'jAlaso'-vaMze arhaddharmAnuvartakaH / tasmingamAnamallasya tArAcandraH suta'bhavat // 4 // tatsuto jaitarUpAkhyo grAma DAMDUsara sthitaH / rAjJA sammAnitazcApi grAmalokena pUjitaH / / 5 / / catvArastatsutA Asan dharma-karma-parAyaNAH / UdI-nAmnI sutA jAtA nAlagrAme vivAhitA / / 6 / / suzreSuya dayacandrAkhyo rAjarUpo dvitIyakaH / devacandrastRtIyazca budhamallazcaturthakaH / / 7 / / gvAlapAr3A nagaryAM ca, gatvA hyadayasaMkaH | vyApAra sthApayAmAsa tatra vANijyavRttikaH // 8|| pravAsaM ca vidhAyaiSa varSa-dvAviMzatipUrvakam / arthalAbha yazolAmaM kRtavAn nijabhrAtRyuka, |9|| tasyAbhavana trayaH putrAH rAjarUpasya dhInidheH / lakSmIcandrastathA dAna-mallaH zaMkaradAnakaH ||10|| prathamo'sthAnnije gehe dvitIyodayacandrakaH / tRtIyo devacandrasya gRhe'bhUcca sudattakaH / / 11 / / ru(11)drAGka(2)ndu(1)zubhe varSe lakSmIcandro hyajAyata / dviSaSTivaikrame svarga catasrazca gatAH sutAH / / 12 / / 'pannAdhAI' varAvarajI kAlovAIti cAbhidhA / gogrAsaDhiMgalAna yA vai vitatAra sahasrazaH ||13|| zRGgArAGkandu (1916) sadvarge jAto vai dAnamallakaH / udAro dhAmikazcaiva khyAtanAmA sukItitaH / / 14 / / khanidhidvayacandra (1990) ca zrAvaNe pratipattithau / kSamApya sakalAna bhUtAna divaM yAtaH samAdhinA // 15 // bhomasI-motIlAlAkhyau devacandrasya putrakau / svAryAtau, gRhIto vai zaMkaradAno dattakaH // 16 // zreSThazaMkaradAnasya guNAnAM bRhatI tatim / varNayituM na zakto'haM dhIra-vIra-manasvinaH / / 17 / / zUnyanetrAGkacandrAbde (1930) jAtaH zaMkaradAnakaH / AjAnubAhu-puNyAtmA, aGgaSTharasavallikaH ||18|| punItA cunnIvAI ca gRhazrI ratnakukSikA / botharA-khetasI-putrI saukhyasampatpravadhinI ||19|| zraddhAlurdhArmikaH zreSThI saumyo dIrghavicArakaH / paropakAralInAtmA hyapramAdI vizeSataH // 20 // dakSo vyApAravANijye nADIjJAnavizAradaH / jyotibhaiSajyazAstrajJaH sAdhubhaktiparAyaNaH // 21|| shriikRpaacndrsure| kharataranamoraveH / abhayajainagranthAnAM mAlA sacchikSayA kRtA / / 22 / / dAnamallasya gehe ca cAturmAsye nidhApitA / saddharmajJAnavRddhyai vai svApatyeSu vizeSataH // 23 / / ekonadvisahasrAbde mAghazukle caturdaze / tyaktvA caturvidhAhAraM svaryAtaH zubhabhAvataH / / 24 / / zreSThizaMkaradAnasya paJca putrAH sadAzayAH / putrike ca prajAte dve svarNA-magnAbhidhAnike // 25 // jyeSTho bhairavadAno'bhUt prazAnto narasattamaH / devanighno gurobhaktaH sarvalokasya sevakaH / / 26 / / yugmavANamite ( 1952) varSe janma yasyA mahAmateH / maNDalAdi-samAdhyakSa-bhAro vyUDhazca tena ve // 27 // [ 235

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236 ] zAntaH mArga (zIrSa) kRSNatRtIyAyAM vANenduvizatau tathA / prasthAnaM kRtavAn svarga bhairudAnaH zreSThivaraH ||28|| svabhayarAjazca vidyAzIlo guNAgraNIH / zikSA samAja sevAyAM vyApRtazca divAnizam ||29|| vaNavaNa (1955) janma yasya zubhe kSaNe / madhukRSNasya paSThayAM ve bhAryA gaGgA vabhUva ca ||30|| saptasaptativaizAkhe (1977) svastithiH kRSNasaptamI / jAtA svanayarAjasya campA nAmnI suputrikA ||31|| tRtIyaH zubharAjazca sAhasika - ziromaNiH / vyApAradakSo varcasvI pramAdamuktaH karmaThaH ||32|| vasuvAganidhI candra (1958) mAse mArgasuzI ki / zukjapaSThayAM suvelAyAM janma yasya mahAmateH ||33|| / yugapravAna yogIndra sahajAnandaguroH kRpA / AtmajJAnarasAsvAdI bhaktizIlo vizeSataH ||34|| pacapaSTitame Azvina kRSNe trayodaze / jAto maghAsunakSatre caturthI megharAjakaH ||35|| cIrairapahatA yasya zaizave svarNa-zrRMkhalA sAhasenoddhRtA yena saMstutaH koTTapAlakaiH ||36|| RSi-vasu-nidhau candra dAnamalasya dattakaH | paropakAra premI ca nAnAguNagaNAnvitaH // 37 // paJcamo'garacandro ve dharmiSTho jJAnavAn mahAn adhyAtmarasasikto yaH kriyAzIlaH satAMvaraH ||38|| RSiRtyacandrA (1967) caturthyAM caitrakRSNake / agracandrasya saMjAto bIkAnere zubhodbhavaH ||39|| bahujJo jJAnapUtazca lekhane nizi vAsare purAtatvetivRttasya vyApRtaH zodhane tathA // 40 // / hindyA ca rAjasthAnyA ca nAnA granthA gaveSitAH / nivandhA likhitA naikAH sUcIpatraM vizeSataH ||41|| jinadattaprabhorapTa zatAbdya tsava saMgame / jainetihAsa ratnAkhyaM viruda prAptavAn mahat ||42|| alyAdigaje'khila vizvajena sasthAgarI vijJajanaiH pradattaH / yastA upAdhitaraNIya evaM vidyAdizobhI kila vAridhyantaH ||43|| ArAnagaya guNivarsamadhye sammAnito yaH kila rAjyapAlaiH / siddhAnyukte bhatane purANe siddhAnta prAcArya padena mAnyaH // 44|| granthAH sampAditA yena bhUmikAlo canAyutAH / apramattaH sadA vijJo hAmrAntaH zAstrazIlane / / 45 zramikanapurAdhIza zArdUlasiMha bhUmipe sthApitaM zodhasaMsthAna rAjasthAnyAM yazaskaram ||46 || nidezakapadaM tatra prApya mAnya prazastakam / vyAkhyAtA likhitAzcaiva granthAstena mahaddhikAH // 47 // zreSThino merudAnasya ratnatrayIva sutatrayI bhaMvara harSacandrazca sapta suputrakA jAtA pepA icarja-saMpadaH / choTA bAdhU puna pAMcI vasu-darzanAMke candre zubhe Azvina nAsake / azleSAyutadvAdazyAM janma maMgalavAsare || 50|| / vimalacandrakastathA // 48 kamalAbAIti saptamI ||49||

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zreSThino lakSmicandrasya dattako bhaMvaralAlakaH / bhASA-lipi-purAtattva-kathA-sAhitya lekhakaH ||5|| agracandasya sahAyaH kArye zIghragatiH punaH / sampAditAH kRtA granthA bahulA vai anUditAH / / 52 / / putraH pAvakumAro'bhUt ema0 kApa0 upAdhikaH / dvitIyaH padmacandrazca pautraH pautrI tathaiva ca // 53|| zrIkAntA-candrakAnteti jAtA ca putrikAdvayI / suzIla-sunIlavarau samIraca rAjezakaH // 54 / / sutAsturyA harSacandro lalitAzokadilIpAH / pradIpAkhyazciraJjIvI vidyAdhyayanatatparaH // 55 / / zreSThizrIzubharAjasya tanasukho'tipriyaH / tanayaH prakAzAbhidhaH putrike pratibhAprabhe // 56 / / Atmajau megharAjasya kesari vaMzilAlakau / tanasukhaH kaniSThazca jAtAH paJca sutAH zubhAH // 57 / / bha~varI-sUraja-puSpA-mANakadevI ca nirmlaa| nIlama-premA-tArAzca, pautryaH, pautrI devendrakaH / / 58|| agracandramanasvinaH dvau sutau paJca putrikaaH| dharmacandro vijayazca jyeSThI zAntizca kanyake / / 52|| kiraNasantoSakAntAzca pautrI rAjendranAmakaH / ciraM nandatu sadvaMzaH nAhaTA vaTavRkSavat / / 60|| punazca budhamallasya triloka-tejakarNAbhidhau sutau / rekhacandrastulArAmastejakarNasya dvau sutau // 6 // bAlacandro dvitIyasya chaganInAthIti sUte / satputro bAlacandrasya manoharaH svargataH // 62|| mohinI viduSI putrI sadvairAgye ca dIkSitA / pAveM vicakSaNazriyazcandraprabheti vizrutA // 63|| zabdazAstra-koza kAvyajainAgamAnAM pAragA / zatadhyAtrI bodhadAtrI zIlAlaGkArabhUSitA // 64| kIrtijuSo granthAlayaH sthApito vishvvishrutH|| likhita-mudrita granthAH santi yatrArdhalakSakAH // 65 // mudrA-citra-purAtattva-mutisatkaH susaMgrahaH / zreSThazaMkaradAnasya kalAbhavane pradarzitaH // 66 // tayoreva zubhanAmnA kRtaH sukRtakoSakaH / saptakSetre supuNyasya vRddhayarthaM sumahAzayaH // 67|| jalAlasarasugrAme grAme DA~sare tathA / kAritau sajalau kUpau paropakRtihetave // 68 / / grAme jAmasare zubhe dharmazAlApi kAritA / zikSAlayebhyazca datto. dravyarAzirmuhurmuhuH // 69|| zrIjinakRpAcandrAkhya-sUrIndrasadupAzraye / jIrNoddhArAdvistIrNa vyAkhyAnagRhaM kAritam ||7|| zatruJjaye jinadatta-brahmacaryAha Azrame / kArito haoNlaH puNyArtha, rAjagRhapAvApure // 71 / / AdinAthapramozcaitye. nAhaTAgApATake / garbhagRhe sumanojJa saMgamarmaraH kAritaH ||72 / / rajatamayI sadaGgI punarbhaktyartha DhaukitA / nAnApuNyakAryeSu ca dattamanA ahanizam // 73|| amRtasara 'dA' vATyA rUpyakANi sahasrazaH / anyeSvapi sthAneSu ca satkAryeSu vai dattavAn / / 74 / / maNisAgaropAdhyAyAn sugurunAkArya punaH / varSA-suvAsadvayaM ca kArayAmAsa bhaktitaH // 75|| tIrtharAjo vimalAdre rupatyakAyAM zraddhayA / kArApitA dharmazAlA jainabhavanaM vizrutam // 76 / / [sa

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zrIjagajIvanAzrame kolAyate gRhadvAra / nirmitaM bhUridAnena bhUrikIttizcIpAjitA 77|| pArzvanAthapramozcaitye AsAme gvAlapATake / kAritA zrImahAsiMhakoSTAgArikAdi saha ||7|| kRtamuddhArapratiSThAJca dhvastAlayabhUkampayA / jayacandropAdhyAyena dAnamalle upasthite // 79|| ThAkuravADIsampattivRttimaryAdA ca zubhA / kAritA zaMkaradAnena svayaM mahatparizramaiH // 8 // DANDUsara-jodhAsara-mahAjanAdipurANAM / kRtvA hi rAjaputrANAM sAhAyyaM saMcita yazaH // 8 // kAlikAtApuryA jaina bhavane pracuraM dhanaM / dattaM gavAlapAr3e ca auSadhAlayahetave ||2|| abhayagranthamAlAyAM nAnAgranthAH prakAzitAH / alpamUlyA amUlyAzca sarvopakRta hetave // 83|| abhayaratnasArazca pUjAsaMgrahanAmakaH / satImRgAvatIsaMjJo vidhavAkRtyaturyakaH // 84 jinarAjabhaktyAdarzaH snAtrapUjeti pustikA | bhaktikartavyAtmasiddhi-darzanIyamandirAhvAH / / 8 / / jinacandrasUrivRttaM budhazlAghyaM satzodhakaM / aitihyakAvyasaMgraho vRttaM somasaMghapateH / / 86|| zrIjinakuzala sUramaNidhAriNazca punaH / gurojinattasUrezcaritaM vaiduSIyutam // 8 // kusumamAlA tathaiva granthAvaliH jJAnasAraH / ratnaparIkSA rAmAya(NaM) kAvyatrayI jIvadayA / / 58|| bIkAnera-jaina-lekha-saMgraha-nAmako granthaH / trisahasralekhAtmako vistRtabhUmikAyutaH // 89|| guroH sahajAnandasya saMkIrtanaM saduttamaM / ete svakIyasaMsthayA granthAH sarve prakAzitAH // 9 // punarapi zrImaddeva-candragranthamAlA zubhA / sthApitA dvizatAbdyante zrIjinabhaktibhAvataH // 91 / / caubIsI-bIsI-stavAzca sArthAH paMca subhAvanAH / aSTaka-pravacanAlI sArthaH svAdhyAyasaMgrahaH ||92 / / catvArazcaritagranthAH kRtA buddhimuninA / budhena labdhi muninA kAvyAni ca nirmitAni / / 13 / / agaracandreNa kRtA baddhA bhvrlaalen| zArdUlasaMsthayA granthAH kAle kAle prakAzitAH // 9|| samAzRGgAraudyoto jasavantAdibhaktamA(lakaH) / rAjagRha-kAyamarAso pherUgranthAvalI ca // 95 / / rAjasthAne hastalekhA khaNDadvaye prakAzitAH / nirmitA ca prAcInA kAvyarUpaparamparA ||96|| jinarAjeNa praNItA kusumAJjalirvizrutA / dharmavarddhana-jinaharNa, sItArAmacatuSpadI // 97|| kavisamayasundara kRtAH rAsAzca paMcakAH / hammIrAyaNa padminI-pIradAna granthAvalI / / 98|| kAlikAtA-zAnticaityasArdhazatAbdikAyAM ca / smAriketivRttasatkA sampAditA jJAnapradA ||99|| candrAMkanidhivasucandra (1891) gvaalpaaddaasthaanke| brahmaputranadItIre sadvyApArazca sthApitaH // 100 / / udaya-rAjarUpakau suprasiddhau mahItale / pazcAccApar3e sthAne ca rAjarUpalakSmIcandrau ||101 / / vasubANAMkacandrAbde (1958) vipagi sthApitavantau / pazcAdabhayakaraNAgaracandranAmnA punaH // 102 / / indriyadarzananidhicandra bolapure vare / zAntiniketane zubhe vyApArAlayaH sthApitaH / / 103 / / ekonasaptativarSe kAlikAtApure vare / rAjarUpa bherUdAnanAmnA vyApAraH sthApitaH // 104 / / zUnyasiddhaya ke candre ca zrIhaTTa sthApanA kRtA / meghAgaracandranAmna zubhaphaladAyinaH / / 10 / / candrAMke bAvarahATe agaracandra nAhaTe / tinAmnADhatadArI ca kRtA karpaTahaTTikA // 106 / / dvisahasrAbde dvaya tare hAtharasAmRtasarazrIcarakarImogaMjAdiSu vyApAraH sthApitaH / / 107 / / mohamayyAM kalakattAyAM haTTikAdi vyApArakaH / tripure AuT ejansI saMcAlitA bRhattarA ||108 / / prazasti mAlikA eSA sudhIjanasadAgrahAt / kRtA bhaMvaralAlena gIrvANabhASayA mudA // 109|| trayapakSakhayugmAbde jyeSTha zukla suvAsare / ekAdazyAM vikramAravye satpure nirmite vare // 110 //

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isa saMskRti ke loga bhautika kAmanAoM kI pUrti ke lie deva-zaktiyoM para Azrita rahane vAle the, inake dvArA yajJa meM pazubali dI jAtI thI, inakA jIvana saMgharSamaya va a-surakSA bhAvanA se grasta thaa| dainika jIvana meM aura zatruoM ke prati vyavahAra meM ve pUrNataH ahiMsaka nahIM kahe jA skte| kahIM kahIM to inakI krUratA ke udAharaNa bhI dRSTigocara hote haiN| ThIka isake viparIta, deza meM paryaTanazIla vrAtya logoM kI paramparA vidyamAna thI, jo vrataniSTha evaM ahiMsA bhAratIya saMskRti aura jaina dharma ke ArAdhaka the, jinakA vizvAsa Atma-kalyANa va Atma-zuddhi meM thaa| yaha paramparA bhI, bahuta sambhavataH dharma-sAdhanA sindhu ghATI kI sabhyatA ke nirmAtAoM kI taraha, zramaNa saMskRti kI anuyAyI thii| -DaoN0 dAmodara zAstrI zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI kendrIya saMskRta vidyApITha, dillI devoM aura asuroM ke madhya huA saMgharSa bhI eka prakAra se do saMskRtiyoM yA jAtiyoM ke madhya thA / vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki asura rAjA prAyaH ahiMsaka jena saMskRti Arya sabhyatA ke itihAsa para dRSTipAta kareM to eka ' se sambaddha the| yaha bAta aura hai ki vidvaSa ke kAraNa tathya prakaTa hotA hai ki vaicArika pratidvaMdvitA kI sthiti 'asura' zabda ko 'hiMsaka' kA paryAyavAcI banA diyA prAcIna kAla se hai| bhArata bhUmi do pramukha pratidvandvI gyaa| viSNapurANa ke anusAra asura loga Aheta dharma vicAra-dhArAoM yA saMskRtiyoM kI saMgama-sthalI rahI hai| ke anuyAyI the / unakA ahiMsA meM pUrNa vizvAsa ye saMskRtiyAM haiM-vaidika saMskRti aura zramaNa ( jaina ) thaa| yajJa va pazubali meM unakI anAsthA thii|4 zrAddha saMskRti / va karmakANDa ke ve virodhI the|5 mahAbhArata meM asura har3appA va mohana-jo-dar3o kI sabhyatA ke avazeSoM se rAjA bali apane mukha se Atma-sAdhanA kA jo varNana yaha siddha ho gayA hai ki isa sabhyatA ke nirmAtA loga karatA hai vaha jaina dharma ke sarvathA anukUla hai / 6 jaina dharma ke Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke anuyAyI tathA yaugika dhyAnAdi kriyAoM dvArA Atma-sAdhanA ke upAsaka jaina saMskRti ke tIrthaMkaroM kI paramparA ne bhAratIya the| isa saMskRti ke samAnAntara dUsarI saMskRti thI- samAja ko samaya-samaya para jo sadjJAna diyA, usakA vaidika saMskRti / veda meM sthAna-sthAna para vaidika devatAoM prabhAva yaha huA hai ki vaidika saMskRti meM bhI ahiMsA dharma ke prati kI gaI prArthanAoM se yaha tathya spaSTa hotA hai ki ko bahumAna milatA gyaa| vItarAga dharma ke prati vaidika / dra0 atharva veda, 2/5/3 / 2 dra0 viSNa purANa, 3/17-18 ; devI bhAgavata 4/13/54-57; matsya purANa, 24/43-46; padma purANa (sRSTi khaNDa), 13/170-413 / 3 viSNu pu0, 3/18/26 / 4 viSNu pu0, 3/18/27-28 / 5 viSNu pu0, 3/18/26-30 / 6 mahAbhArata ( zAnti parva ), 227 a0 (gItA pres)|

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phalasvarUpa vyAva saMskRti ke anuyAyI bhI AkRSTa hue / sambhavataH prArambha meM una anuyAyiyoM ke prati vaidika saMskRti ke logoM ke mana meM anAdara kA bhAva rahA hai, kintu kAlAntara meM samanvaya kA rAstA apanA kara udAra dRSTikoNa kA paricaya diyA gayA / donoM hI saMskRtiyoM meM paraspara vaicArika AdAna-pradAna bar3hatA rahA / hArika jIvana ke AcAra-vicAroM kI dRSTi se donoM saMskRtiyoM meM maulika pharka kara pAnA prAyaH muzkila ho jAtA hai / ahiMsA parama dharma hai, rAga-dveSAdi sAMsArika duHkha ke hetu haiM, manovikAroM para vijaya tathA zuddha Atmatatva kI upalabdhi se mukti prApta ho sakatI hai ---- ityAdi bAteM donoM saMskRtiyoM meM lagabhaga samAna Adara va dRr3hatA ke sAtha svIkArI gaI N, aura yahI kAraNa hai ki upaniSad, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, gItA, purANa Adi vaidika saMskRti ke paravartI AdaraNIya granthoM meM jaina saMskRti ke svara sthala - sthala para DhUMr3he jA sakate haiM / apane ucca AdarzoM ke kAraNa jaina ( zramaNa ) saMskRti bhAratIya saMskRti kA abhinna aMga bana gii| yahI kAraNa hai ki vaidika dharma kI apekSA puruSArtha- kartavyatA ke rUpa meM jaina dharma ko adhika AdaraNIya sthAna milA, jisakA pramANa nimnalikhita padya hai yahA~ taka ki bhagavAn rAma ko bhI eka vaidika saMskRti ke grantha meM zAMti prApti hetu jinendra kI AtmasAdhanA kA anukaraNa karane kI bhAvanA prakaTa karate hue varNita kiyA gayA hai 7 " zrotavyaH saugato dharmaH, kartavyaH punarArhataH / vaidiko vyavahartavyaH, dhyAtavyaH paramaH zivaH // 7 9 SaDdarzanasamuccaya para maNibhadrakRta TIkA ( padya 8 pr)| yogavAziSTha ( vairAgya prakaraNa ), 15/8 / Rgveda, 10/14, 4/53/2, 10/12/1 / 12 Rgveda, 10/33/6, 10/82/7, 10/82/3 13 Rgveda, 12/12/1-7 ( pRthvI sUkta ) / 2 ] nAha rAmo na me vAMchA, bhAveSu ca na me manaH / zAMtimAsitumicchAmi, svAtmanIva jino yathA // vaidika saMskRti kA prArambha meM lakSya jisa svarga kI prApti thA, " usa svarga kA vAtAvaraNa bhautika samRddhi, kAmasukha, bhogalipsA kA pratIka hote hue bhI, vAsanAatRpti, azAMti tathA vinazvaratA se mukta nahIM samajhA gayA aura paravartI kAla meM vaidika saMskRti kA lakSya svarga ke sthAna para puNya-pApa se pare kI mukta sthiti ho gyaa| 10 isI taraha yajJa kA svarUpa kramazaH ahiMsaka hotA gayA aura 'dravya-yajJa' kI apekSA 'jJAna-yajJa' ko pramukhatA mila gaI / 1 1 yaha saba jaina saMskRti kA vaidika saMskRti para prabhAva hI thA / kintu donoM saMskRtiyoM meM mUlabhUta antara samApta ho gayA ho aisI bAta nhiiN| saMkSepa meM vaha antara mUlataH do bAtoM meM hai / jahA~ vaidika saMskRti Izvara yA kisI alaukika zaktidhArI vyakti ko isa jagat kA karttA, hartA va niyantA mAnatI hai, vahIM jaina saMskRti, Izvara kA astitva mAnatI huI bhI, Izvara ke sRSTikartApana kA niSedha karatI hai aura jagata ke mUlabhUta do tatvoM'jIva va ajIva meM antarnihita svabhAva-bhUta zakti se hI jagat kA niyamana svIkAratI hai / dUsarI bAta yaha ki jahA~ vaidika saMskRti meM jina devatAoM ko pUjya mAnA jAtA rahA hai, unakI pUjyatA unakI camatkArika zakti, vividha sukha-sAdhana, aizvarya tathA vyAvahArika sAmAjika guNoM Adi para AdhArita hai, kintu jaina saMskRti meM pUjyatA kI kasauTI vyakti kI 'vItarAgatA' hai / vedoM meM jisa deva-zakti ko alaMghya, durjJeya, jagat-vidhAtA, 12 tathA pRthvI - rakSaka 13 batA kara sthala - sthala para prArthanA Adi 10 muNDakopaniSad, 3/1/3, 1/2/73 / 11 mahAbhArata (zAnti parva), 12 / 272 ; bhAgavata purANa, 11 / 5 / 11-13; gItA0, 4/33 /

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kI gaI hai, jisa deva samAja kA anukaraNa karane kI 14 hai| vaha 'dharma' dhArmika bAhya kriyAkANDoM kI apekSA tathA usase sakhya-bhAva 'maitrI' sthApita karane kI15 AtmA kI svAbhAvika sthiti meM nihita hai| aura vaha kAmanA kI gaI hai, usa deva-samAja kA paravartI rUpa jo svAbhAvika sthiti usakI vItarAgatA, samatA-bhAva hai| vyAkhyAta huA hai vaha rAgadveSayukta samAja se bhinna nhiiN| vItarAga sthiti meM pahu~ca kara AtmA svayaM 'dharma' kA rUpa kintu jaina saMskRti meM jina paMca-parameSThiyoM ko pUjanIya bana jAtA hai / 17 saMkSepa meM dharma karane kI vastu nahIM, deva rUpa meM Adara prApta hai, ve vItarAgatA kI mUrti haiN| balki 'jIne kI' vastu hai| dharma kiyA nahIM jAtA hai, vaha sAdhaka kI svAbhAvika kriyA bana jAe, isI ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya kI paristhiti : sAdhaka prayatnazIla rahatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM dharma Upara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM vaidika saMskRti meM jo se yA bAhara se thopI jAne vAlI cIja nahIM, vaha to burAiyA~ vyApta thIM, unameM jAtiprathA, aspRzyatA, ucca- svayaM se udabhUta hone vAlI sthiti hai| cAritra ko AtmA nIca kI bhAvanA, ADambarapUrNa dhArmika kriyA-kANDa, se jor3ane se tAtparya yaha bhI hai ki dharma bAhara-bhItara eka andha zraddhA Adi pramukha thiiN| isake atirikta buddhijIvI hai, cintana, aura AcAra meM ekarUpatA Avazyaka hai / 18 samAja kI sthiti bhI santoSaprada nahIM thii| yadyapi vaicA- jaina dharma yA sAdhanA kA AcaraNa svAbhAvika rUpa se rika urvaratA adhika mAtrA meM thI, para vibhinna dArzanika hI kiyA jAnA cAhie / arthAta kSetra aura kAla ko tathA matavAda paraspara-virodha se svayaM apratiSThita ho rahe the|16 sAdhaka kI zakti ko dhyAna meM rakhakara dharma-adharma ke bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jagat ko 'anekAnta dRSTi' dI aura vyavahAra-pakSa kA mAna-daNDa niyata kiyA jAnA ucita ahiMsA ko vyAvahArika jagat ke sAtha-sAtha vaicArika hai| anyathA 'dharma' kisI vyakti ke lie asvAbhAvika jagata meM bhI pratiSThita kara diyaa| isa prakAra eka ora bhI ho sakatA hai| bAlaka, vRddha, svastha, rogI-ina sAmyavAda va paraspara-maitrI para AdhArita samAja kI racanA vividha avasthAoM meM dharma kA eka svarUpa nirdhArita nahIM to prastuta huI hI, sAtha hI dUsarI ora vividha vaicArika kiyA jA sakatA / 19 kintu sabhI prakAra ke sAdhakoM ko dRSTikoNoM ko paraspara avirodhapUrvaka phalane-phUlane kA aMta meM pahuMcanA eka hI sthiti meM hai, aisI sthiti jahAM vAtAvaraNa bhI taiyAra huaa| phalasvarUpa, bhAratavarSa dharma aura sAdhaka donoM ekarUpatA prApta kara lete haiN| bauddhika va vaicArika utkarSa ko lie baMjara bhUmi na isalie aMtima lakSya taka pahuMcane se pUrva sArI sthitiyAM banakara sarvadA urvara bhUmi banA calA A rahA hai / sAdhana-mAtra haiM, sAdhya nhiiN| jaina dharma vyavahArya : ahiMsA-dharma kA svarUpa : jaina dha. aisA nahIM hai ki jisakA vyavahAra yA AcaraNa hiMsA kA hetu hiMsA karane vAle vyakti ke mana meM baiThA hisA kA hatu hasA karana sambhava na ho, balki vaha to AtmA kA svAbhAvika rUpa dvaSa aura ajJAna 'moha' hai / 20 hiMsA kI kriyA dvividha . 14 Rgveda, 10/161/2; atharva veda, 5/16/7 (pappalAda shaakhaa)| 15 Rgveda, 1/86/2 / 16 anyayogavyabacchedikA ( hemacandra ), 26 / 17 pravacanasAra, 1/62 / 18 pravacanasAra, 3/37; tulanIya uttarAdhyayana, 26/5.1 / 19 pravacanasAra, 3/30-31 / 2. pravacanasAra, 2/57, 83, 88, 66 /

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rUpa se hotI hai| sva-hiMsA aura pr-hiNsaa| hiMsA kA asubhopayoga haiM, jinheM kisI bhI prakAra upAdeya nahIM vicAra uThate hI hiMsaka vyakti kI AtmA svarUpacyuta ho samajhanA caahie| isa sthiti se hI to Upara uThanA jAtI hai aura vaha svayaM kA vadha kara letA hai / isake anantara jaina sAdhanA kI prArambhika avasthA hai| vItarAgatA kI 'para-jIva' ke prANoM kA ghAta hotA hai| kabhI-kabhI sthiti zuddhopayoga hai jo mokSa kA sAkSAta kAraNa hai aura hiMsA kA vicAra mana meM uThakara raha jAtA hai yA para-jIva sAdhanA kI sImA hai| sAdhanA meM viSayarAga ko chor3akara . kA hiMsA kA prayAsa saphala nahIM ho pAtA-aisI sthiti svadharma tathA dharmopayogI sAdhanoM ke prati apane ko anurakta meM bhale hI vyAvahArika rUpa se hiMsA na dikhAI par3e, karanA par3atA hai| isa sthiti meM sAdhaka meM svabhAvataH vaicArika dRSTi se hiMsaka vyakti kI AtmA kI hiMsA to ho paMca-parameSThI Adi meM bhakti kA bhAva rahatA hai| jIvoM hI gaI aura hiMsA kA phala usa vyakti ko milegA hii| para dayA, anukampA, karuNA Adi ke bhAva bhI yathAsAmagrI sAdhaka meM utpanna hote haiN| yaha sArI sthiti zubhopayoga isa prakAra hiMsA ke do bheda haiM-antaraMga hiMsA, aura rUpa kahI jAtI hai| yaha zubhopayogI sthiti azubhobahiraMga hiMsA / azuddhopayoga antaraMga hiMsA aura para-jIva payogI sthiti kI apekSA upAdeya yA prazasta kahI jA kA prANoccheda bahiraMga hiMsA hai| kintu bahiraMga hiMsA ke sakatI hai, kintu sAdhaka kA kartavya hai ki vaha isa sthiti karma kA bandha kAraka honA yA na honA antaraMga hisA para ko saMsAra-bandha kA kAraNa samajhate hue zuddhopayoga kI nirbhara hai| 22 antaraMga hiMsA ke abhAva meM bahiraMga hiMsA sthiti para pahuMcane ke lie prayatnazIla rahe / 23 zubhIkA kuphala vyakti ko nahIM bhoganA pdd'egaa| isIlie payoga se bhale hI puNya milatA ho, kintu puNya prApta kahA gayA ki yatanApUrvaka ( samiti ) AcaraNa karane vAle svargAdi kA sakha bhI eka dRSTi se bandhana hI hai / 24 sAdhaka ko vyAvahArika hiMsA ke hone para bhI bandha nahIM yadi zubhopayoga kI sthiti bhI samyaktva se Alokita ho hotA, jabaki yatanApUrvaka AcaraNa na karane vAle ko to paramparA se mokSa prApta honA kahA gayA hai| 25 bAhya hiMsA na hone para bhI, svAtma-ghAta kA doSa lagegA zabhopayoga kI sthiti meM yadi mohayastatA ho to shuddhaatmhii| aMtaraMga hiMsA ke abhAva meM bahiraMga hiMsA svataH prApti asambhava hai / 26 isake viparIta, zuddhopayoga ko apratiSThita ho jaaegii| lakSya kara Age bar3hane vAlA sAdhaka, zubhopayoga kI pravRtti karatA huA bhI doSagrasta nahIM hotaa| vyavahAra dharma aura vItarAgatA kI sAdhana : yadyapi vItarAgatA kI sthiti hI sAdhaka kA lakSya hai, muni avasthA meM sAdhaka zubhopayoga karatA huA bhI kintu vahA~ taka pahuMcane meM kaI sIr3hiyA~ pAra karanI par3atI apane saMyama kA ghAta na ho-isakA vizeSa khyAla rakhatA hai, moha, rAga aura dveSa ke stara ko kramazaH bheda kara hI hai|27 sAtha hI vaha zubhopayoga ko kabhI mukhyatA pradAna bar3hanA sambhava hai| hiMsA, dveSa, apakAra Adi kArya nahIM karatA, zaddhopayoga kI tulanA meM gauNa hI rakhatA 21 dra0 pravacanasAra, 2/57 para jayasenAcArya kRta TIkA; kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 2/31 / 22 pravacana sAra, 3/17 para amRtacandra kRta TIkA / pravacana sAra, 146, 1/5, 1/19, 3/54 para amRtacandra kRta ttiikaa| 24 samayasAra, 3/146 ; pravacanasAra 1/77 / 25 rayaNasAra, 10; pravacanasAra, 3/55 para jayasena kRta TIkA / 26 pravacanasAra, 1/76 / pravacanasAra, 3/50 / 4 ]

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. hai / 28 prazasta rAga kI pAtratA-apAtratA bhI phala kI isIlie, sambhavataH karuNA ko moha kA cihna batAyA anukUlatA-pratikUlatA kI 'alpatA-adhikatA' karatI gayA hai|33 jaba ki sabhI jIvoM meM AtmA eka jaisI hai / 29 gRhastha ( sAgAra ) sAdhaka kI dRSTi meM zubhopayoga hai to unameM choTe-bar3e, U~ca-nIca kI bhAvanA lAnAkI sthiti 'azubhopayoga kI tulanA meM' mukhya rUpa se 'ajJAna' hI kahA jaaegaa|34 paramArthataH to sAMsArika grAhya hai| zubhopayoga meM sthiratA ke anantara hI vaha padArtha, yahA~ taka ki apanA zarIra bhI sthAyI nahIM, ataH zuddhopayoga ke prati agrasara ho sakatA hai, isIlie kucha unake AdhAra para svayaM ko ucca tathA dUsare ko nIca vicAraka 'sarAga cAritra' ko vItarAga cAritra meM sAdhana samajhanA asaMgata hI hai / 35 isake atirikta, dAnAdi mAnate haiM / 30 kintu samyagdRSTi jIva apane pada ke anurUpa kAryoM meM katR tva-bhAvanA bhI tyAjya hai, kyoMki pAramArthika puNyAcaraNa karatA huA vItarAga cAritra meM rahatA huA, dRSTi se koI dravya kisI 'para dravya' kA kartA hI nahIM usakA divya vaibhava phala bhogatA huA bhI puNyAcaraNa hotA / 36 koI bhI deva yA manuSya ho, kisI kA na to ko mokSa kA sAkSAt kAraNa nahIM mAnatA, usa prApta vaibhava / upakAra kara sakatA hai aura na apakAra hii|37 apane ko svapada nahIM sviikaartaa| . zubhAzubha karma hI apanA zubha yA azubha karate haiN| maiM vyavahAra-dharma karate hue bhI vyavahAra se Upara uThanA kaise kisI ko mAratA hU~ yA jilAtA hU~-yaha bhAvanAeM sambhava: 'mUr3hatA' haiM / 38 karuNA, anukampA, dayA Adi kArya prazasta hote hue ukta vivecana se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki anu- bhI zubhopayoga vItarAgatA kI tulanA meM kucha nIcI sthiti kampA, dayA, karuNA Adi kArya kie to jAe~,39 kintu ke dyotaka haiM / 31 isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ina kAryoM meM mamatva, katRtva tathA ahaMbhAvanAoM ko nikAla kara / 40 'rAga' bhAva hai jo bandha kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai / 32 java isIlie vyavahAra-dharma ke AcaraNa ke viSaya meM AcAryoM koI vyakti kisI para dayA, karuNA Adi pradarzita karatA kA nirdeza hai ki ye puNya-prApti hetu na kiye jAe~ / 41 hai to usake mana meM kisI ko dayanIya samajhane kI, tathA isa nirdeza ko dhyAna meM rakha kara sAdhaka vyAvahArika para-upakAra karane ke svasAmarthya ko pradarzita karane kI dharAtala se Upara uThatA huA kramazaH zuddhAtma-prApti ke bhAvanA hotI hai, yaha bhAvanA ajJAnamUlaka hotI hai| lakSya taka pahu~ca jaaegaa| nija zuddhAtmA hI upAdeya hai, 28 pravacanasAra, 3/54 para amRtacandra kRta TIkA / 2. pravacanasAra, 3/54 para jayasena kRta TIkA / 10 pravacanasAra, 3/75 para jayasena kRta TIkA ; AtmAnuzAsana, 122 / pravacanasAra, 3/45 para amRtacandra kRta ttiikaa| 32 pravacanasAra, 2/87, 3/43 / pravacanasAra, 1/85 / pravacanasAra, 2/22 / 35 pravacanasAra, 2/101 / 36 samayasAra, 3/31 (66); pravacanasAra, 2/68 / 37 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 316 (12/316 ) / 38 samayasAra, 7/250, 256 ; pravacanasAra, 1/76 / 39 uttarAdhyayana, 6/2; puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 30; sUtrakRtAMga, 1/11-12 / 4. paMcAstikAya, 166 dazavekAlika, 6/6 / / 41 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 12/406; bhAvasaMgraha, 404 /

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aisI zraddhA ke sAtha zaddhAtma-prApti ke anukUla cAritra- Izvara sRSTikartA nahIM: pAlana karane vAle sAdhaka ko mukti milatI hai, anyathA yaha loka jIva tathA ajIva kA krIDA-sthala hai|45 prazasta bAhyAcaraNa to puNyabandha kA kAraNa hai| jo donoM hI tatva anAdi va ananta hai / 46 saMsAra kI zuddhAtmA ko prApta karane kI icchA nahIM rakhate, aura prakriyA svabhAvataH hotI rahatI hai| bhautika jagata choTesarvavidhi puNyakArya karate haiM, ve mokSa ko to pAte hI nahIM, bar3e piNDoM kA nirmANa va bhaMga unameM nihita rUkSa va. balki saMsAra meM hI bhramaNa karate rahate haiM / 4 2 snigdha zakti para nirbhara hai|47 AtmA ke karma 'bandha' kA nirmANa bhI paudgalika zakti ke kAraNa svataH sambhava svarUpa meM pUrNa sthiratA na Ane se zubha rAga kI hotA hai / 48 saMsAra meM jIvoM ke sukha-duHkha kA tAratamya sthiti ho bhI, to sAdhaka ko cAhie ki vaha nijAtma- bhI karmakRta hai|49 isa prakAra vizva kI vyavasthA tatvoM svarUpa meM vizeSa lInatA banAe rkhe| yadi isameM meM samAviSTa niyamoM ke dvArA hotI hai kisI IzvarIya kamajorI rahI to upazama zreNI se ArohaNa karanA hogA, zakti ko niyAmaka Adi ke rUpa meM mAnane kI koI kSapaka zreNI se nhiiN| aisI sthiti meM rAga kA sampUrNa jarUrata nhiiN| abhAva sambhava nahIM hogA / ataH puNyAcaraNa ko bhI sAdhaka jaina dRSTi se svayaMbhU tathA Izvara kI sthiti pratyeka 'sva' bhAva na samajhe, vibhAva rUpa se hI mAne / AtmA ko vItarAgatA se prApta ho sakatI hai / 5. kintu isa sthiti meM AtmA 'para-padArthoM' ko na grahaNa karatA sAdhanA karane vAle kI avasthA para zabhopayoga kI hai, na chor3atA hai aura na unake rUpa meM pariNamana karatA hai mukhyatA va gauNatA samajhanI caahie| samyagdRSTi gRhastha apitu svasvarUpasthita rahatA hai / 51 yadyapi jaise darpaNa meM ke lie azubhopayoga ke tyAga kI dRSTi se zubhopayoga ghaTapaTAdi-padArtha pratibiMbita hote haiM, vaise hI vyAvahArika . kI mukhyatA hai, kintu vahI zubhopayoga ucca stara ke dRSTi se kevalI ke jJAna meM jJaya padArthoM kI sattA hai / 52 sAdhaka ke lie, zuddhAtmapariNati ke lakSya kI dRSTi se isa prakAra jaina dRSTi se Izvara saMsAra kA niyAmaka gauNa kahA jaaegaa|43 pahale sAdhaka viSayoM se anurAga nhiiN| pratyeka jIva vItarAgatA prApta kara IzvarIya mahanIya chor3a de, phira guNasthAna-krama se bar3hate-bar3hate rAgAdi se pada prApta kara sakatA hai / 53 saMsAra ke kAryoM meM vItarAga rahita zuddhAtmA meM sthita hotA huA, aheta Adi meM kI Asakti kabhI ho hI nahIM sktii| ukta Izvaratva kI bhakti-viSayaka rAga bhI chor3a de / 44 / / zakti pratyeka AtmA meM nihita hai|54 4 2 bhAvapAhur3a, 84 ; samayasAra, 3/153 / pravacanasAra, 3/54 para jayasena kRta TIkA / 4 paMcA stikAya, 167 gAthA para tAtparyavRtti ttiikaa| 45 pravacanasAra, 2/37 ; 2/44 para amRtacandra kRta TIkA ; uttarAdhyayana, 36/2 / pravacanasAra, 2/3,11, 2/6 para amRtacandra kRta TIkA / 47 pravacanasAra, 2/74-75 / pravacanasAra, 2/77-78; paMcAstikAya, 65 / pravacanasAra, 2/65 para amRtacandra kRta TIkA / 50 pravacanasAra, 1/16, 1/15; paMcAstikAya, 26,172 / pravacanasAra, 1/32 / pravacanasAra, 1/31 para AdhArita jayasena kRta TIkA / pravacanasAra, 1/81 / 54 samAdhizataka, 98%3 pravacanasAra, 1/15 /

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asamartha haiM / na kevala jaina dharma apitu sabhI AdhyAtmika dharmoM ne ekamata se isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai ki samasta duHkhoM kA mUla kAraNa Asakti, tRSNA yA mamatva buddhi hai kintu tRSNA kI samApti kA upAya icchAoM aura AkAMkSAoM kI pUrti nahIM hai| bhautikavAda hameM sukha aura suvidhA ke sAdhana to de sakatA hai kintu vaha manuSya kI Asakti yA tRSNA kA nirAkaraNa nahIM kara sktaa| isa dizA meM usakA prayatna to TahaniyoM ko kATakara jar3a ko sIMcane ke samAna hai| jaina AgamoM meM spaSTarUpa se kahA gayA hai ki tRSNA AkAza ke samAna ananta hai, usakI pUrti sambhava nahIM hai / 3 yadi hama mAnava jAti ko svArtha, hiMsA, zoSaNa, bhraSTAcAra evaM tajanita duHkhoM se mukta sandarbha meM karanA cAhate haiM to hameM bhautikavAdI dRSTi kA tyAga karake -DaoN0 sAgara AdhyAtmika dRSTi kA vikAsa karanA hogaa| zrI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha-saMsthAna, vArANasI adhyAtmavAda kyA hai ? mAnava jAti ko duHkhoM se mukta karanA hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA pramukha lakSya thaa| unhoMne isa tathya ko gaharAI kintu yahA~ hameM yaha samajha lenA hogA ki adhyAtmavAda se samajhane kA prayatna kiyA ki duHkha kA mUla kisameM hai| se hamArA kyA tAtparya hai ? adhyAtma zabda kI vyutpatti . ise spaSTa karate hue uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki adhi+Atma se hai arthAt vaha AtmA kI zreSThatA yA samasta bhautika aura mAnasika duHkhoM kA mUla vyakti kI uccatA kA sUcaka hai| AcArAMga meM isake lie kAmAsakti yA bhogAsakti hai| yadyapi bhautikavAda manuSya 'ajjhataM.4 zabda kA prayoga hai jo Antarika pavitratA kI kAmanAoM kI pUrti ke dvArA duHkhoM ke nivAraNa kA yA Antarika vizuddhi kA sUcaka hai| jaina dharma ke anusAra prayatna karatA hai kintu vaha usa kAraNa kA uccheda nahIM kara adhyAtmavAda vaha dRSTi hai jo yaha batAtI hai ki bhautika sakatA, jisase duHkha kA yaha srota prasphuTita hotA hai| sukha-suvidhAoM kI upalabdhi hI antima lakSya naha bhautikavAda ke pAsa manuSya kI kAmAsakti yA tRSNA ko daihika evaM Arthika mUlyoM ke pare ucca mUlya bhI hai aura samApta karane kA koI upAya nahIM hai| vaha icchAoM kI ina ucca mUlyoM kI upalabdhi hI jIvana kA antima pUrti ke dvArA mAnavIya AkAMkSAoM ko paritRpta karanA lakSya hai| jaina vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM adhyAtmavAda kA cAhatA hai kintu yaha agni meM DAle gaye ghRta ke samAna artha hai padArtha ko paramamUlya na mAna kara AtmA ko paramause parizAnta karane kI apekSA bar3hAtA hI hai| uttarA- mUlya maannaa| bhautikavAdI dRSTi mAnavIya duHkha aura dhyayana sUtra meM bahuta hI spaSTarUpa se kahA gayA hai ki cAhe sukha kA AdhAra vastu ko mAnakara calatI hai| usake svarNa aura rajata ke kailAsa ke samAna asaMkhya parvata bhI anusAra sukha aura duHkha vastugata tathya hai| bhautikavAdI khar3e ho jAye kintu ve manuSya kI tRSNA ko pUrA karane meM sukhoM kI lAlasA meM vastuoM ke pIche daur3atA hai aura . uttarAdhyayana , 32/6 / vahI, 6/48 / vhii| AcArAMga, 5/36,5/27 /

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unakI upalabdhi hetu corI, zoSaNa evaM saMgraha jaisI vyakti kI dRSTi 'sva' meM nahIM apitu 'para' arthAta padArtha meM sAmAjika burAIyoM ko janma detA hai| isake viparIta kendrita rahatI hai| vaha 'para' meM sthita hotA hai| yaha jaina adhyAtmavAda hameM yaha sikhAtA hai ki sukha aura duHkha padArtha kendrita dRSTi hI yA 'para' meM sthita honA hI bhautikakA kendra vastu meM na hokara AtmA meM hai| jaina darzana ke vAda kA mUla AdhAra hai / jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra 'para' anusAra sukha-duHkha AtmakRta haiM / 5 ataH vAstavika Ananda arthAt Atmetara vastuoM meM apanatva kA bhAva aura padArtha kI upalabdhi padArthoM se na hokara AtmA se hotI hai| ko parama mUlya mAnanA yahI bhautikavAda yA mithyA dRSTi uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM spaSTarUpa se kahA gayA hai ki 'AtmA kA lakSaNa hai / AtmavAdI yA adhyAtmavAdI vyakti kI dRSTi hI apane sukha-duHkha kA kartA aura bhoktA hai| vahI padArtha-kendrita na hokara Atma-kendrita hotI hai| vaha AtmA apanA mitra hai aura vahI apanA zatru hai, supratiSThita ko hI parama mUlya mAnatA hai aura svasvarUpa yA svabhAvadazA arthAt sadaguNoM meM sthita AtmA mitra hai aura duSpratiSThita kI upalabdhi ko hI apanI sAdhanA kA lakSya banAtA hai| arthAta dagaNoM meM sthita AtmA zatra hai / / 6 AturaprakaraNa ise hI jena pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM samyaka dRSTi kahA nAmaka jaina grantha meM adhyAtma kA hArda spaSTa karate hue gayA hai| bhautikavAda mithyAdRSTi hai aura adhyAtmavAda kahA gayA hai ki 'zAna aura darzana se yukta zAzvata Atma- samyakdRSTi hai / tatva hI merA hai, zeSa sabhI bAhya padArtha saMyoga se upalabdha AtmA kA svarUpa evaM sAdhya : hue haiN| isalie ve mere apane nahIM haiN| ina saMyogajanya yahA~ svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha prazna uTha sakatA hai ki upalabdhiyoM ko apanA mAna lene yA una para mamatva rakhane jainadharma meM AtmA kA svarUpa kyA hai ? AcArAMga sUtra ke kAraNa hI jIva duHkha-paramparA ko prApta hotA hai ataH meM AtmA ke svarUpa lakSaNa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA una sAMyogika padArthoM ke prati mamatva bhAva kA sarvathA gayA hai ki 'jo AtmA hai vaha vijJAtA hai aura jo visarjana kara denA caahie| saMkSepa meM jena adhyAtmavAda vijJAtA hai vahI AtmA hai| isa prakAra jJAtAbhAva meM ke anusAra deha Adi sabhI Atmetara padArthoM ke prati sthita honA hI sva-svabhAva meM sthita honA hai| Adhunika mamatva buddhi kA tyAga hI sAdhanA kA mUla utsa hai| manovijJAna meM cetanA ke tIna pakSa mAne gaye haiM-jJAnAtmaka, vastutaH jahA~ adhyAtmavAda padAthe ke sthAna para AtmA ko bhAvAtmaka aura sNklpaatmk| usameM bhAvAtmaka aura apanA sAdhya mAnatA hai, vahA~ bhautikavAda meM padArtha hI saMkalpAtmaka pakSa vastutaH bhoktAbhAva aura karttAbhAva ke parama mUlya bana jAtA hai| adhyAtmavAda meM AtmA hI sUcaka haiN| jaba taka AtmA kartA ( doer ) yA bhoktA parama mUlya hotA hai| jena adhyAtmavAda Atmopalabdhi ke (enjoyer ) hotA hai taba taka vaha sva-svarUpa ko upalabdha lie padArthoM ke prati mamatva buddhi kA tyAga Avazyaka nahIM karatA hai kyoMki yahAM citta vikalpa yA AkAMkSA banI mAnatA hai| usake anusAra mamatA ke visarjana se hI rahatI hai| ataH unake dvArA citta-samAdhi yA AtmosamatA (equanimity ) kA sarjana hotA hai| palabdhi saMbhava nahIM hai| vizuddha jJAtAbhAva yA sAkSI bhAva jaina adhyAtmavAda kA lakSya Atmopalabdhi: bhI aisA tathya hai jo AtmA ko nirAkula samAdhi kI jainadharma meM mamatva ke visarjana ko hI Atmopalabdhi kA avasthA meM sthita kara duHkhoM se mukta kara sakatA hai / ekamAtra upAya isalie mAnA gayA hai ki jaba taka eka anya dRSTi se jainadharma meM AtmA kA svarUpa vyakti meM mamatva buddhi yA Asakti bhAva rahatA hai taba taka lakSaNa samatva (equanimity ) bhI batAyA gayA hai| 5 uttarAdhyayana, 2037 / 6 vhii| 7 Atura prakaraNa, 26, 27 / ' AcArAMga, 5/104 /

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. bhagavatIsUtra meM gautama ne mahAvIra ke sammukha do prazna upa- hai| ataH jainadharma meM samatA ko AtmA yA cetanA kA sthita kiye-AtmA kyA hai aura usakA sAdhya kyA svabhAva kahA gayA hai aura use hI dharma ke rUpa meM paribhAhai? mahAvIra ne ina praznoM ke jo uttara diye the ve jaina / Sita kiyA gayA hai| yaha satya hai ki jainadharma meM dharmadharma ke hArda ko spaSTa kara dete haiN| unhoMne kahA thaa| sAdhanA kA mUlabhUta lakSya kAmanA, Asakti, rAga-dveSa aura ki 'AtmA samatva svarUpa hai aura samatva kI upalabdhi kara vitake Adi mAnasika asantulanoM aura tanAvoM ko samApta lenA yahI AtmA kA sAdhya hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM bhI kara anAsakta aura nirAkula vItarAga cetanA kI upalabdhi samatA ko dharma kahA gayA hai| vahAM samatA ko dharma mAnA gayA hai| Asakti yA mamatva buddhi kA lakSya rAga aura dveSa ke bhAva utpanna kara vyakti ko padArthApekSI isalie kahA gayA hai ki vaha hamArA sva-svabhAva hai aura vastu svabhAva hIdharma hai-vatthu sahAvo dhmmo| jaina dArzanikoM banAnA hai| Asakta vyakti apane ko 'para' meM khojatA ke anusAra svabhAva se bhinna Adarza kI kalpanA ayathArtha hai| jabaki anAsakti yA vItarAgatA vyakti ko 'sva' meM kendrita karatI hai / dUsare zabdoM meM jainadharma meM vItarAgatA hai / jo hamArA mUla svabhAva aura svalakSaNa hai vahI hamArA kI upalabdhi ko bhI jIvana kA parama lakSya ghoSita kiyA sAdhya ho sakatA hai| jaina paribhASA meM nitya aura gayA hai| kyoMki vItarAga hI sacce artha meM samabhAva meM athavA nirapavAda vastu dhama hI svabhAva hai| AtmA kA sva-svarUpa sAkSI bhAva meM sthita raha sakatA hai| jo cetanA samabhAva aura AtmA kA sAdhya donoM hI samatA hai| yaha bAta yA sAkSI bhAva meM sthita raha sakatI hai vahI nirAkala dazA jIva-vijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI satya siddha hotI hai| Adhunika ko prApta hotI hai aura jo nirAkula dazA ko prApta hotI jIva-vijJAna meM bhI samatva ke saMsthApana ko jIvana kA hai vahI zAzvata sukhoM kA AsvAda karatI hai| jainadharma . lakSaNa batAyA gayA hai| yadyapi dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda meM Atmopalabdhi yA svarUpa upalabdhi ko jo jIvana kA 'samatva' ke sthAna para 'saMgharSa ko jIvana kA svabhAva lakSya mAnA gayA hai vaha vastutaH vItarAga dazA meM hI sambhava batAtA hai aura kahatA hai ki 'saMgharSa hI jIvana kA niyama hai aura isIlie prakArAntara se vItarAgatA ko hI jIvana hai, mAnavIya itihAsa varga saMgharSa kI kahAnI hai|' kintu kA lakSya kahA gayA hai| vItarAgatA kA hI dUsarA nAma yaha eka mithyA dhAraNA hai| saMgharSa sadaiva hI nirAkaraNa samabhAva yA sAkSIbhAva hai| yahI samabhAva hamArA vAstakA viSaya rahA hai| koI bhI cetana sattA saMgharSazIla vika svarUpa hai| ise prApta kara lenA hI hamAre jIvana kA dazA meM nahIM rahanA caahtii| vaha saMgharSa kA nirAkaraNa parama lakSya hai / karanA hI cAhatI hai| yadi saMgharSa nirAkaraNa kI vastu hai to use svabhAva nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| saMgharSa sAdhya aura sAdhanA mArga kA AtmA se abheda : mAnava itihAsa kA eka tathya ho sakatA hai kintu vaha manuSya ke vibhAva kA itihAsa hai svabhAva kA nhiiN| jainadharma meM sAdhaka, sAdhya aura sAdhanAmArga tInoM hI caita sika jIvana meM tanAva yA vicalana pAye jAte haiM kintu AtmA se abhinna mAne gaye haiN| AtmA hI sAdhaka ve jIvana ke svabhAva nahIM haiM, kyoMki jIvana kI prakriyA hai, AtmA hI sAdhya hai aura AtmA hI sAdhanA mArga hai / sadaiva hI unheM samApta karane kI dizA meM prayAsazIla hai| adhyAtmatatvAloka meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA hI saMsAra caitasika jIvana kA mUla svabhAva yahI hai ki vaha bAhya aura hai aura AtmA hI mokSa hai| jaba taka AtmA kaSAya aura Antarika uttejanAoM evaM saMvedanAoM se utpanna vikSobhoM indriyoM ke vazIbhUta hai vaha saMsAra hai kintu, jaba vaha . ko samApta kara samatva ko banAye rakhane kA prayAsa karatA inheM apane vazIbhUta kara letA hai to mukta kahA jAtA . bhgvtii| AcArAMga, 8/31 /

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hai / / 1 AcArya amRtacandrasUri samayasAra kI TIkA meM samyak dizA meM niyojita hokara sAdhanAmArga bana jAte likhate haiM ki 'para dravya kA parihAra aura zaddha Atmatatva haiN| jaina darzana meM samyaka jJAna. samyaka kI upalabdhi hI siddhi hai| 12 AcArya hemacandra ne bhI samyak cAritra ko, jo mokSa mArga kahA gayA hai, usakA sAdhya aura sAdhaka meM bheda batAte hue yogazAstra meM kahA mUla hArda itanA hI hai ki cetanA ke jJAnAtmaka, bhAvAtmaka hai ki 'kaSAya aura indriyoM se parAjita AtmA baddha aura aura saMkalpAtmaka pakSa kramazaH samyak jJAna, samyak darzana - unako vijita karanevAjI AtmA hI prabuddha puruSoM dvArA aura samyak cAritra ke rUpa meM sAdhanAmArga bana jAte haiN| mukta kahA jAtA hai|'13 vastutaH AtmA kI vAsanAoM isa prakAra sAdhanAmArga bhI AtmA hI hai| AcArya se yukta avasthA hI bandhana hai aura vAsanAoM aura vikalpoM kundakunda kahate haiM ki 'mokSakAmI ko AtmA ko jAnanA se rahita zuddha AtmadazA hI mokSa hai| jaina adhyAtmavAda cAhie, AtmA para hI zraddhA karanI cAhie aura AtmA kA kathana hai ki sAdhaka kA Adarza usake bAhara nahIM varan usake andara hai| dharma sAdhanA ke dvArA jo kucha pAyA kI hI anubhUti (anucaritavyazca ) karanA cAhie / samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana, pratyAkhyAna (tyAga), saMvara (saMyama) jAtA hai vaha bAhya upalabdhi nahIM apitu nija guNoM kA aura yoga saba apane Apako pAne ke sAdhana haiN| kyoMki pUrNa prakaTana hai| hamArI mUlabhUta kSamatAyeM sAdhaka avasthA yahA~ AtmA jJAna meM hai, darzana meM hai, tyAga meM hai, saMvara meM aura siddha avasthA meM samAna hI hai| sAdhaka aura siddha hai aura yoga meM hai|' 14 vyavahAra naya se jinheM jJAna, darzana avasthAoM meM antara kSamatAoM kA nahIM, varan kSamatAoM aura cAritra kahA gayA hai, ve nizcaya naya se to AtmA ko yogyatAoM meM badala dene kA hai| jisa prakAra bIja hI haiN| vRkSa ke rUpa meM vikasita hone kI kSamatA rakhatA hai aura vaha vRkSa rUpa meM vikasita hokara apanI pUrNatA ko prApta trividha sAdhanAmArga: kara letA hai vaise hI AtmA bhI paramAtma dazA prApta karane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai aura use upalabdha kara pUrNa ho jAtA mokSa kI prApti ke lie trividha saadhnaahai| jainadharma ke anusAra apanI hI bIjarUpa kSamatAoM mAgaM batAyA gayA hai| tatvArtha sUtra meM samyaka jJAna, ko pUrNa rUpa se prakaTa karanA hI mukti hai| jaina sAdhanA / karanA hI mati hai| mAnA samyak darzana aura samyak cAritra ko mokSamArga kahA gayA hai|15 'sva' ke dvArA 'sva' ko upalabdha karanA hai| nija meM rAta jAna samyaka darzana, uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM samyaka jJAna, sama prasupta jinatva ko abhivyakta karanA hai| AtmA ko hI samyaka cAritra aura samyaka tapa aise caturvidha mokSamArga paramAtmA ke rUpa meM pUrNa banAnA hai| isa prakAra AtmA kA bhI vidhAna hai,16 kintu jaina acAryoM ne tapa kA kA sAdhya AtmA hI hai| antarbhAva cAritra meM karake isa trividha sAdhanA mArga ko hI mAnya kiyA hai| jainadharma kA sAdhanA mArga bhI AtmA se bhinna nahIM sambhavataH yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki trividha saadhnaahai| hamArI cetanA ke hI jJAna, bhAva aura saMkalpa ke pakSa mArga kA hI vidhAna kyoM kiyA gayA hai ? vastutaH trividha adhyaatmttvaalok| samayasAra ttiikaa| yogshaastr| samayasAra / tattvArtha sUtra, 1/1 / uttarAdhyayana, 28/2 / 10 ]

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sAdhanAmArga ke vidhAna meM jainAcAryoM kI eka gahana mano- trividha sAdhanAmArga kA hI eka rUpa hai| gItA meM vaijJAnika sUjha rahI hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se mAnavIya prasaMgAntara se trividha sAdhanA mArga ke rUpa meM praNipAta, cetanA ke tIna pahalU mAne gae haiM-1 jJAna, 2 bhAva pariprazna aura sevA kA bhI ullekha hai|8 inameM praNipAta aura 3 saMkalpa / cetanA ke ina tInoM pakSoM ke samyak zraddhA kA, pariprazna jJAna kA aura sevA karma kA prativikAsa ke lie hI trividha sAdhanAmArga kA vidhAna kiyA nidhitva karate haiN| upaniSadoM meM zravaNa, manana aura nidigayA hai| cetanA ke bhAvAtmaka pakSa ko sahI dizA meM dhyAsana ke rUpa meM bhI trividha sAdhanAmArga kA prastutIkaraNa niyojita karane ke lie samyaka darzana, jJAnAtmaka pakSa ko huA hai| yadi hama gaharAI se dekheM to inameM zravaNa zraddhA sahI dizA meM niyojana ke lie jJAna aura saMkalpAtmaka ke, manana jJAna ke aura nididhyAsana karma ke antarbhata pakSa ko sahI dizA meM niyojita karane ke lie samyak ho sakate haiN| cAritra kA prAvadhAna kiyA gayA hai| pAzcAtya paramparA meM bhI tIna Adeza upalabdha hote haiM-1 svayaM ko jAno (know thyself ), 2 svayaM jaina-darzana ke samAna hI bauddha-darzana meM bhI trividha ko svIkAra karo (accept thyself ) aura 3 svayaM sAdhanAmArga kA vidhAna hai| bauddha-darzana ke isa trividha hI bana jAo (be thyself) / 19 pAzcAtya cintana ke sAdhanAmArga ke tIna aMga haiM-1 zIla, 2 samAdhi aura tIna Adeza jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke hI samakakSa haiN| 3 prajJA / '7 AtmajJAna meM jJAna kA tatva, AtmasvIkRti meM zraddhA kA .. hindU dharma ke jJAnayoga, karmayoga aura bhaktiyoga bhI tatva aura AtmanirmANa meM cAritra kA tatva upasthita hai| . cintana ke jaina darzana bauddha darzana | hindU dharma gItA upaniSad pAzcAtyadarzana / manana samyak jJAna samyak darzana samyak cAritra prajJA samAdhi zIla jJAna bhakti pariprazna praNipAta zravaNa nididhyAsana know thyself accept thyself be thyself karma sevA trividha sAdhanAmArga tathA mukti : uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke anusAra darzana ke binA jJAna nahIM kucha bhAratIya vicArakoM ne isa trividha sAdhanAmArga hotA aura jJAna ke abhAva meM AcaraNa samyaka nahIM hotA ke kisI eka hI pakSa ko mokSa prApti kA sAdhana hai aura samyak AcaraNa ke abhAva meM mukti bhI nahIM hotI hai / 20 isa prakAra mukti kI prApti ke lie tInoM hI mAna liyA hai / AcArya zaMkara mAtra jJAna se aura rAmAnuja / mAtra bhakti se mukti kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra karate haiN| agA kA honA Avazyaka hai| lekina jaina dArzanika aise kisI ekAntavAditA meM nahIM samyak dazana kA atha girate haiN| unake anusAra to jJAna, karma aura bhakti kI samaveta sAdhanA hI mokSa kI prApti kA mArga hai| inameM se jaina AgamoM meM darzana zabda aneka arthoM meM prayukta kisI eka ke abhAva meM mokSa kI prApti sambhava nahIM hai| huA hai aura isake artha ke sambandha meM jaina paramparA meM 17 suttanipAta, 28/8 / 18 gItA, 4/34 / 19 Psychology and Morals, p 32. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 28/30 / [ 11

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kAphI vivAda rahA hai| darzana zabda ko jJAna se alaga (4) anukampA arthAt dUsare vyakti kI pIr3A ko Atmavat karate hue vicArakoM ne darzana ko antarbodha, prajJA aura pIr3A samajhanA aura usake prati karuNA kA bhAva rakhanA jJAna ko bauddhika jJAna kahA hai / darzana zabda kA dRSTikoNa- aura (5) Astikya arthAt puNya-pApa, punarjanma, karmaparaka artha bhI liyA gayA hai| prAcIna jainAgamoM meM siddhAnta aura AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karanA / darzana zabda ke sthAna para dRSTi zabda kA prayoga usake dRSTikoNaparaka artha kA dyotaka hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra tathA samyak darzana ke chaH sthAna : tattvArthasUtra meM darzana zabda kA artha tatvazraddhA bhI mAnA jisa prakAra bauddha-sAdhanA ke anusAra duHkha hai, duHkha kA gayA hai / 21 paravartI jaina sAhitya meM darzana zabda ko deva kAraNa hai, duHkha se nivRtti ho sakatI hai aura duHkhanivRtti guru aura dharma ke prati zraddhA yA bhakti ke artha meM bhI kA mArga hai ina cAra Arya-satyoM kI svIkRti samyaka prayukta kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM samyak dRSTi hai, usI prakAra jaina-sAdhanA ke anusAra SaT sthAnakoM darzana Atma-sAkSAtkAra, tatva zraddhA, antarbodha, dRSTikoNa, (chaH bAtoM) kI svIkRti samyaka darzana hai-(1) AtmA hai, zraddhA aura bhakti Adi aneka arthoM ko apane meM sameTe (2) AtmA nitya hai, (3) AtmA apane karmoM kA kartA hai, (4) AtmA kRta-karmoM ke phala kA bhoktA hai, samyak darzana ko cAhe yathArtha dRSTi kaheM yA tatvA (5) AtmA mukti prApta kara sakatA hai aura (6) makti kA zradA usameM vAstavikatA kI dRSTi se adhika antara nadI upAya ( mAga) hA hotA hai| antara hotA hai unakI upalabdhi kI vidhi meM / jaina tatva-vicAraNA ke anusAra ina SaTasthAnakoM para eka vaijJAnika svataH prayoga ke AdhAra para kisI satya kA dRDha pratIti samyagdarzana kI sAdhanA kA Avazyaka aMga hai / udghATana kara vastutatva ke yathAthe svarUpa ko jAnatA hai dRSTikoNa kI vizaddhatA evaM sadAcAra donoM hI ina para kintu dUsarA vyakti aise vaijJAnika ke kathanoM para vizvAsa nirbhara hai : ye SaTa sthAnaka jaina-sAdhanA ke kendra bindu haiN| karake bhI vastutatva ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnatA hai| yadyapi yahA~ donoM kA hI dRSTikoNa yathArtha hogA, phira samyak jJAna kA artha : bhI eka ne use svAnubhUti meM pAyA hai to dUsare ne use dRSTikoNa kI viza ddhi para hI jJAna kI samyaktvatA zraddhA ke mAdhyama se / zraddhA hI samyak dRSTi ho to bhI nirbhara karatI hai| ataH jaina sAdhanA kA dUsarA caraNa hai vaha artha antima nahIM hai, antima artha svAnubhUti hI hai| samyagjJAna / samyaka-jJAna ko mukti kA sAdhana svIkAra aura yahI samyak darzana kA vAstavika artha hai| aiptA kiyA gayA hai, lekina kauna-sA jJAna mukti ke lie samyagdarzana hotA hai nirvikAra nirAkula cittavRtti se, Avazyaka hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai| jaina darzana meM samyaka ataH prakArAntara se use bhI samyagdRSTi kahA jAtA hai|| jJAna ke do rUpa pAye jAte haiN| sAmAnya dRSTi se samyaka jJAna vastu tatva kA usake ananta pahaluoM se yukta jJAna samyak darzana ke pA~ca lakSaNa : hai aura isa rUpa meM vaha vicAra zuddhi kA mAdhyama hai| jaina dharma meM samyak darzana ke nimna pA~ca lakSaNa batAye jaina-darzana ke anusAra ekAMgI jJAna mithyAtva hai kyoMki gaye haiM-(1) sama arthAt samabhAva, (2) saMvega arthAt vaha satya ke ananta pakSoM kA apalApa karatA hai| jaba taka AtmA ke Anandamaya svarUpa kI anubhUti athavA satyA- Agraha buddhi hai taba taka vItarAgatA sambhava hI nahIM hai aura bhIpsA, (3) nirveda arthAt anAsakti yA vairAgya, jaba taka vItarAga dRSTi nahIM hai taba taka yathArtha jJA 21 uttarAdhyayana, 28/35; tattvArtha sUtra, 1/2 / 22 Atmasiddhi, pR0 43 / 12 ]

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asambhava hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra satya ke ananta pahaluoM ko jAnane ke lie anekAnta dRSTi samyak jJAna kI anivArya zarta hai| ekAnta dRSTi yA vaicArika Agraha apane meM nihita chadma rAga ke kAraNa satya ko raMgIna kara detA hai / ataH ekAnta aura Agraha satya ke sAkSAtkAra meM bAdhaka hai| jaina sAdhanA kI dRSTi se vItarAgatA ko upalabdha karane ke lie vaicArika Agraha kA parityAga aura anAgrahI dRSTi kA nirmANa Avazyaka hai aura isake mAdhyama se prApta jJAna hI samyak jJAna hai / samyakjJAna kA artha hai sampajJAna kA artha hai vastu ko usake ananta pahaluoM se jAnanA / I jainadharma meM eka anya dRSTi se samyak jJAna AtmaanAtma kA viveka hai / yaha sahI hai ki Atmatatva ko jJAna kA viSaya nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai, use jJAtA jJeya' keta ke AdhAra para nahIM jAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki vaha svayaM jJAna svarUpa hai, zAtA hai aura zAtA kabhI zeya nahIM bana sakatA ataH AtmajJAna durUha hai lekina anAtma taravato aisA hai jise hama jJAtA aura zeya ke dva eta ke AdhAra para jAna sakate haiN| sAmAnya vyakti bhI apane sAdhAraNa jJAna ke dvArA itanA to jAna hI sakatA hai ki usake jJAna ke viSaya kyA haiM ? aura dUsare vaha yaha niSkarSa nikAla sakatA hai ki jo usake jJAna ke viSaya haiM ve usake svasvarUpa nahIM haiM, ve anAtma haiN| samyak jJAna AtmajJAna hai, kintu AtmA ko anAtma ke mAdhyama se hI pahacAnA jA sakatA hai / anAtma ke svarUpa ko jAnakara anAtma se Atma kA bheda karanA yahI bheda-vijJAna hai aura yahI jaina darzana meM samba jJAna kA mUla artha hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana meM samyaka jJAna Atma-anAtma kA viveka hai| jainoM kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM ise bhedavijJAna kahA jAtA hai| AcArya amRtacandra sUri ke anusAra jo 'koI siddha hue haiM ve isa Atma-anAtma ke viveka yA bheda-vijJAna se hI siddha hue haiM aura jo bandhana meM haiM, ve isake abhAva ke kAraNa hI haiN| 20 AcArya kundakunda ne samaya 23 samayasAra TIkA, 132 / 24 sAra meM isa bheda - vijJAna kA atyanta gahana vivecana kiyA hai kintu vistArapUrvaka yaha vivecana yahA~ sambhava nahIM hai 24 samyak cAritra kA cAritra kA artha jaina paramparA meM sAdhanA kA tIsarA caraNa samyak cAritra hai / isake do rUpa mAne gae haiM - ( 1 ) vyavahAra cAritra aura (2) nizcaya cAritra AcaraNa kA bAhya pakSa yA AcaraNa ke vidhi-vidhAna vyavahAra cAritra kahe jAte hai| jabaki AcaraNa kI antarAtmA nizcaya cAritra kahI jAtI hai| jahA~ taka naitikatA ke vaiyaktika dRSTikoNa kA prazna hai athavA vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA prazna hai, nizcayAtmaka cAritra hI usakA mUlabhUta AdhAra hai / lekina jahA~ taka sAmAjika jIvana kA prazna hai, cAritra kA bAhya pakSa hI pramukha hai ! nizcaya dRSTi (real view point ) se cAritra kA saccA artha samabhAva yA samatva kI upalabdhi hai / mAnasika yA caita sika jIvana meM samatva kI upalabdhi hI cAritra kA pAramArthika yA nezvayika pakSa hai| vastutaH cAritra kA yaha pakSa Atma-ramaNa kI sthiti hai| nezcayika cAritra kA prAdurbhAva kevala apramatta avasthA meM hI hotA hai| apramatta cetanA kI avasthA meM hone vAle sabhI kArya zuddha hI mAne gae haiN| cetanA meM jaba rAga, dveSa, kapAya aura vAsanAoM kI agni pUrI taraha zAMta ho jAtI hai tabhI sacce naitika evaM dhArmika jIvana kA udbhava hotA hai aura aisA hI sadAcAra mokSa kA kAraNa hotA hai / sAdhaka jaba jIvana kI pratyeka kriyA ke sampAdana meM Atma jAgrata hotA hai, usakA AcaraNa bAhya AvegoM aura vAsanAoM se cAlita nahIM hotA hai tabhI vaha sacce arthoM meM naizcayika cAritra kA pAlanakartA mAnA jAtA hai / yahI naizcayika cAritra mukti kA sopAna kahA gayA hai| vyavahAra cAritra - vyavahAra cAritra kA sambandha AcAra ke niyamoM ke paripAlana se hai| vyavahAra cAritra ko deza dekheM 0 jaina bauddha aura gItA kA sAdhanAmArga, adhyAya 5 / [ 12

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vratI cAritra aura sarvavatI cAritra aise do vargoM meM vibhAjita darzana meM AcaraNa ke pUrva samyaka jJAna kA honA Avazyaka kiyA gayA hai| dezavatI cAritra kA sambandha gRhastha hai phira bhI ve yaha svIkAra nahIM karate haiM ki akelA jJAna upAsakoM se aura sarvavatI cAritra kA sambandha zramaNa varga se hI mukti kA sAdhana ho sakatA hai| mahAvIra ne jJAna aura hai| jaina-paramparA meM gRhasthAcAra ke antargata aSTamUlaguNa, AcaraNa donoM se samanvita sAdhanA-patha kA upadeza diyA bAraha vrata aura gyAraha pratimAoM kA pAlana hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM mahAvIra kahate haiM ki 'manuSya cAhe vaha AtA hai / zramaNAcAra ke antargata paMcamahAvrata, rAtribhojana brAhmaNa ho, bhikSuka ho athavA aneka zAstroM kA jAnakAra niSedha, paMcasamiti, tIna gupti, dasa yatidharma, bAraha ho yadi usakA AcaraNa acchA nahIM hai to vaha apane kRtya anuprekSAeM, bAIsa parISaha, aTThAisa mUlaguNa, bAvana anAcAra karmoM ke kAraNa duHkhI hI hogaa|27 uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM Adi kA vivecana upalabdha hai| isake atirikta bhojana, kahA gayA hai ki 'aneka bhASAoM evaM zAstroM kA vastra, AvAsa sambandhI vidhi-niSedha hai| AtmA ko zaraNabhUta nahIM hotaa| durAcaraNa meM anurakta apane Apako paMDita mAnane vAle loga vastutaH mUrkha hI sAdhanatraya kA pUrvApara sambandha : haiN| ve kevala vacanoM se hI apanI AtmA ko AzvAsana darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI pUrvAparatA ko lekara dete haiM / 28 Avazyaka niyukti meM jJAna aura AcaraNa ke jaina vicAraNA meM koI vivAda nahIM hai| jaina AgamoM meM pArasparika sambandha kA vivecana atyanta vistRta rUpa se darzana kI prAthamikatA batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki samyak kiyA gayA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu kahate haiM ki 'AcaraNadarzana ke abhAva meM samyaka cAritra nahIM hotaa| bhakta vihIna aneka zAstroM ke jJAtA bhI saMsAra-samudra se pAra parijJA meM kahA gayA hai ki darzana se bhraSTa ( patita ) hI nahIM hote / ' jJAna aura kriyA ke pArasparika sambandha ko vAstavika rUpa meM bhraSTa haiM, cAritra se bhraSTa bhUSTa nahIM haiM loka prasiddha aMdha paMgu nyAya ke AdhAra para spaSTa karate hue kyoMki jo darzana se yukta hai vaha saMsAra meM adhika paribhUmaNa AcArya likhate haiM ki jisa prakAra eka cakra se ratha nahIM nahIM karatA jabaki darzana se bhraSTa vyakti saMsAra se mukta calatA hai yA akelA aMdhA athavA akelA paMgu icchita nahIM hotA hai|25 kadAcita cAritra se rahita siddha bhI sAdhya ko nahIM pahaMcatA vese hI mAtra jJAna athavA mAtra ho jAve lekina darzana se rahita kabhI bhI mukta nahIM hotaa| kriyA se mukti nahIM hotI. apita donoM ke sahayoga se hI vastutaH dRSTikoNa yA zraddhA hI eka aisA tatva hai jo makti hotI hai / 2. vyakti ke jJAna aura AcaraNa ko sahI dizA nirdeza kara sakatA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu AcArAMga niyukti meM kahate jaina parva kI AdhyAtmika prakRti : haiM ki samyak dRSTi se hI tapa, jJAna aura sadAcaraNa saphala na kevala jaina sAdhanA paddhati kI prakRti hI adhyAtmahote haiM / 26 vAdI hai apitu jaina parva bhI mUlataH AdhyAtmavAdI hI hai| jahA~ taka jJAna aura cAritra kA sambandha hai jaina jaina parva Amoda-pramoda ke lie na hokara Atma-sAdhanA vicArakoM ne cAritra ko jJAna ke bAda hI sthAna diyA hai| aura tapa-sAdhanA ke lie hote haiM / unameM mukhyataH tapa, tyAga, uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bhI yahI batAyA gayA hai ki samyaka vrata evaM upavAsoM kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| jainoM ke prasiddha jJAna ke abhAva meM sadAcaraNa nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra jaina pavoM meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM paryaSaNa parva aura digambara 25 bhaktaparijJA, 65-66 / 26 AcArAMganiyukti, 221 / sUtrakRtAMga, 2/1/3 / 28 uttarAdhyayana, 6/6-11 / 29 Avazyakaniyukti, 65-67 / 14 ]

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paramparA meM daza lakSaNa parva hai jo bhAdrapada meM manAye jAte meM loka maMgala yA loka kalyANa kA koI sthAna hI nahIM haiN| ina dinoM meM jina-pratimAoM kI pUjA, upavAsa hai| jainadharma yaha to avazya mAnatA hai ki vaiyaktika sAdhanA Adi vrata tathA dharma-granthoM kA svAdhyAya yahI sAdhakoM kI kI dRSTi se ekAkI jIvana adhika upayukta hai| kintu dinacaryA ke pramukha aMga hote haiN| ina paryoM ke dinoM meM jahA~ isake sAtha hI vaha yaha bhI mAnatA hai ki usa sAdhanA se digambara paramparA meM pratidina kSamA, vinamratA, saralatA, prApta siddhi kA upayoga sAmAjika kalyANa kI dizA meM pavitratA, satya, saMyama, brahmacarya Adi dasa dharmoM (sadguNoM) honA caahie| mahAvIra kA jIvana svayaM isa bAta kA kI viziSTa sAdhanA kI jAtI hai vahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA sAkSI hai / 12 varSoM taka ekAkI sAdhanA karane ke pazcAta meM ina dinoM meM pratikramaNa ke rUpa meM Atma-paryAvalocana ve punaH sAmAjika jIvana meM lauTa aaye| unhoMne caturvidha kiyA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA kA antima dina saMgha kI sthApanA kI tathA jIvana bhara usakA mArgadarzana saMvatsarI parva ke nAma se manAyA jAtA hai aura isa dina karate rhe| jainadharma sAmAjika kalyANa aura sAmAjika samagra varSa ke cAritrika skhalana yA asadAcaraNa aura vaira- sevA ko Avazyaka to mAnatA hai, kintu vaha vyakti ke virodha ke lie Atma-paryAvalocana (pratikramaNa) kiyA sudhAra se samAja ke sudhAra kI dizA meM Age bar3hatA hai / jAtA hai evaM prAyazcitta grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| isa dina vyakti samAja kI prathama ikAI hai| jaba taka vyakti nahIM zatru-mitra Adi sabhI se kSamA-yAcanA kI jAtI hai| isa sudharegA taba taka samAja nahIM sudhara sktaa| jaba taka dina jena sAdhaka kA mukhya udghoSa hotA hai-'maiM saba vyakti ke jIvana meM netika aura AdhyAtmika cetanA kA jIvoM ko kSamA pradAna karatA hU~ sabhI jIva mujhe kSamA pradAna vikAsa nahIM hotA taba taka sAmAjika jIvana meM suvyavasthA kreN| sabhI prANI varga se merI mitratA hai aura kisI se aura zAnti kI sthApanA nahIM ho sktii| jo vyakti koI vaira-virodha nahIM hai|' ina parva dinoM meM ahiMsA kA apane svArthoM aura vAsanAoM para niyantraNa nahIM kara sakatA pAlana karanA aura karavAnA bhI eka pramukha kArya hotA hai| vaha kabhI sAmAjika ho hI nahIM sktaa| loka-sevaka prAcIna kAla meM aneka jainAcAryoM ne apane prabhAva se aura jana-sevaka apane vyaktigata svArthoM aura dvandvoM se dUra zAsakoM dvArA ina dinoM ko ahiMsaka dinoM ke rUpa meM raheM yaha jaina AcAra-saMhitA kA AdhArabhUta siddhAnta ghoSita karavAyA thaa| isa pramukha parva ke atirikta hai| caritrahIna vyakti sAmAjika jIvana ke lie ghAtaka aSTAnhikA parva, zrata paMcamI tathA vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke hI siddha hoNge| vyaktigata svArthoM kI pUrti ke nimitta garbha-praveza, janma, dIkSA, kaivalya-prApti evaM nirvANa divasoM jo saMgaThana yA samudAya banate haiM ve sAmAjika jIvana ke ko bhI parva ke rUpa meM manAyA jAtA hai| ina dinoM meM sacce pratinidhi nahIM hai| kyA cora, DAkU aura zoSakoM vata rakhA jAtA hai aura jina-pratimAoM kA samAja, samAja kahalAne kA adhikArI hai ? mahAvIra kI vizeSa samAroha ke sAtha pUjA kI jAtI hai| dIpAvalI kI zikSA kA sAra yahI hai ki vaiyaktika jIvana meM nivRtti kA parva bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa divasa ke rUpa meM hI sAmAjika kalyANa ke kSetra meM pravRtti kA AdhAra bana jaina samudAya ke dvArA bar3e utsAha ke sAtha manAyA jAtA hai| sakatI hai| prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAna kA yaha sukathita pravacana saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke jaina adhyAtmavAda aura loka kalyANa ke prazna : rakSaNa evaM karuNA ke lie hai|30 jaina sAdhanA meM ahiMsA, satya, steya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ke jo pAMca vrata mAne yaha satya hai ki jainadharma saMnyAsa mAgI dharma hai| usakI gaye haiM ve kevala vaiyaktika sAdhanA ke lie nahIM haiM, ve sAmAsAdhanA meM Atma zuddhi aura Atmopalabdhi para adhika jora jika maMgala ke lie bhI haiN| ve Atma-zuddhi ke sAtha hI diyA gayA hai kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki jaina dharma hamAre sAmAjika sambandhoM kI zaddhi kA prayAsa bhI haiN| 0 praznavyAkaraNa, 2/1/2 / [ 15

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jaina dArzanikoM ne Atmahita kI apekSA lokahita ko sadaiva hI mahattva diyA hai / jainadharma meM tIrthaMkara, gaNadhara aura sAmAnya kevalI ke jo Adarza sthApita kiye gaye haiM aura unameM jo tAratamyatA nizcita kI gaI hai usakA AdhAra vizva-kalyANa, varga-kalyANa aura vyakti-kalyANa kI bhAvanA hI hai / isa tripuTI meM vizva kalyANa ke lie pravRtti karane ke kAraNa hI tIrthaMkara ko sarvocca sthAna prApta hai / sthAnAMgasUtra meM grAmadharma, nagaradharma, rASTradharma Adi kI upasthiti isa bAta kA spaSTa pramANa hai ki jaina sAdhanA kevala Atmahita yA vaiyaktika vikAsa taka hI sImita nahIM hai varan usameM lokahita yA loka kalyANa kI pravRtti bhI pAyI jAtI hai / 31 kyA jainadharma jIvana kA niSedha sikhAtA hai ? jainadharma meM tapa-tyAga kI jo mahimA gAyI gaI hai| usake AdhAra para bhrAnti phailAI jAtI hai ki jainadharma jIvana kA niSedha sikhAtA hai ataH yahA~ isa bhrAnti kA nirAkaraNa kara denA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogA ki jainadharma ke tapa-tyAga kA artha zArIrika evaM bhautikI jIvana kI asvIkRti nahIM hai| AdhyAtyika mUlyoM kI svIkRti kA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki zArIrika evaM bhautika mUlyoM kI pUrNatayA upekSA kI jaave| jainadharma ke anusAra zArIrika mUlya adhyAtma ke bAdhaka nahIM, sAdhaka haiM / nizItha bhASya meM kahA gayA hai ki mokSa kA sAdhana jJAna hai, jJAna kA sAdhana zarIra hai, zarIra kA AdhAra AhAra hai / 32 zarIra zAzvata Ananda ke kUla para le jAne vAlI naukA hai| isa dRSTi se usakA mUlya bhI hai, mahatva bhI hai aura usakI sAra-sambhAla bhI karanI hai / kintu dhyAna rahe dRSTi naukA para nahIM kUla para honA hai, naukA sAdhana hai sAdhya nahIM / bhautika evaM zArIrika AvazyakatAoM kI eka sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkRti jainadharma aura sampUrNa adhyAtma vidyA kA hArda hai / yaha vaha vibhAjana rekhA hai jo adhyAtma aura sthAnAMga, 10 / 31 nizIthabhASya, 47 /61 / 33 AcArAMga, 2 / 15 / 34 uttarAdhyayana, 32 / 101 / 32 16] bhautikavAda meM antara spaSTa karatI hai| bhautikavAda meM bhautika upalabdhiyAM yA jaivika mUlya svayameva sAdhya hai, antima hai, jabaki adhyAtma meM ve kinhIM ucca mUlyoM kA sAdhana hai| jainadharma kI bhASA meM kaheM to sAdhanA ke dvArA vastuoM kA grahaNa, donoM hI saMyama ( samatva ) kI sAdhanA ke lie hai| jainadharma kI sampUrNa sAdhanA kA mUla lakSya to eka aise nirAkula, nirvikAra, niSkAma aura vItarAga mAnasa kI abhivyakti hai jo ki vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika jIvana ke samasta tanAvoM evaM saMgharSo ko samApta kara sake / usake sAmane mUla prazna daihika evaM bhautika mUlyoM kI svIkRti yA asvIkRti kA nahIM hai apitu vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvana meM zAnti kI saMsthApanA hai / ataH jahAM taka aura jisa rUpa meM daihika aura bhautika upalabdhiyAM usameM sAdhaka ho sakatI haiM, vahAM taka ve svIkArya haiM, aura jahAM taka ve usameM bAdhaka haiM, vahIM taka tyAjya haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne AcArAMga evaM uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM isa bAta ko bahuta hI spaSTatA ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai / ve kahate haiM ki 'jaba indriyoM kA apane viSayoM se samparka hotA hai, taba usa samparka ke pariNAmasvarUpa sukhada - duHkhada anubhUti bhI hotI hai aura jIvana meM yaha zakya nahIM hai ki indriyoM kA apane viSayoM se samparka na ho aura usake kAraNa sukhada yA duHkhada anubhUti na ho, ataH tyAga indriyAnubhUti kA nahIM apitu usake prati citta meM utpanna honevAle rAga-dveSa kA karanA hai, 33 kyoMki indriyoM ke manojJa yA amanojJa viSaya Asaktacitta ke lie hI rAga-dveSa ( mAnasika vikSobhoM ) kA kAraNa banate haiM anAsakta yA vItarAga ke lie nahIM / 34 ataH jainadharma kI mUla zikSA mamatva ke visarjana kI jIvana ke niSedha kI nahIM / jaina adhyAtmavAda kI vizeSatAe~ : (ka) Izvara vAda se mukti - jaina adhyAtmavAda ne manuSya ko IzvarIya dAsatA se mukta kara mAnavIya svatantratA kI

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pratiSThA kI hai| usane yaha udghoSa kiyA ki na to Izvara aura na koI anya zakti hI mAnava kI nirdhAraka hai / manuSya svayaM hI apanA nirmAtA hai| jainadharma kisI vizvaniyantA Izvara ko svIkAra karane ke sthAna para manuSya meM Izvaratva kI pratiSThA kI aura yaha batAyA ki vyakti hI apanI sAdhanA ke dvArA paramAtma- dazA ko prApta kara sakatA hai| usane kahA 'appA so paramapyA arthAt AtmA hI paramAtmA hai| manuSya ko kisI kI kRpAkAMkSI na banakara svayaM hI puruSArtha ke dvArA paramAtmapada ko prApta karanA hai / (kha) mAnava mAtra kI samAnatA kA udghoSa-- jainadharma kI dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki usane varNavAda jAtivAda Adi una sabhI avadhAraNAoM kI jo manuSyamanuSya meM U~ca-nIca kA bheda utpanna karatI hai asvIkAra kiyaa| usake anusAra sabhI manuSya samAna haiN| manuSyoM meM zreSThatA aura kaniSThatA kA AdhAra na to jAti vizeSa yA kula vizeSa meM janma lenA hai aura na sattA aura sampati hii| vaha varNa, raMga, jAti, sampatti aura sattA ke sthAna para AcaraNa kI zreSThatA kA pratipAdana karatA hai / uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke 12 veM evaM 25 veM adhyAya meM varNa-vyavasthA aura brAhmaNa kI zreSThatA kI avadhAraNA para karArI coTa karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo sarvathA anAsakta, nedhAvI aura sadAcArI hai vahI saccA brAhmaNa hai| aura vahI zreSTha hai na ki kisI kula vizeSa meM janma lenevAlA vyakti / 35 36 uttarAdhyayana, 12 / 44 vahI, 12 / 46 / (ga) yaza Adi bAhya kiyA kANDoM kA AdhyAtmika artha- jaina paramparA ne yaza, tIrtha-snAna Adi dharma ke nAma para kiye jAnevAle bAhya kriyAkANDoM kI na kevala AlocanA kI apitu unheM eka AdhyAtmika artha bhI pradAna kiyaa| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM yaza ke AdhyAtmika svarUpa kA savistAra vivecana hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki jIvAtmA agnikuNDa hai| mana, vacana, kAyA kI pravRttiyAM hI kalachI ( cammaca ) hai aura karmoM ( pApoM ) kA naSTa karanA hI Ahuti hai / yahI yajJa zAntidAyaka hai aura RSiyoM ne aise hI yaza kI prazaMsA kI hai| *5 tIrtha snAna ko bhI AdhyAtmika artha pradAna karate hue kahA gayA hai ki dharma jalAzaya hai| brahmacaryaM ghATa ( tIrtha ) hai ; usameM snAna karane se hI AtmA nirmala aura zuddha ho jAtI hai / 36 / (gha) dAna, dakSiNA Adi ke sthAna para saMyama kI zreSThatA - yadyapi jaina paramparA ne dharma ke cAra aMgoM meM dAna ko sthAna diyA hai kintu vaha yaha mAnatI hai ki dAna kI apekSA bhI saMyama hI zreSTha hai / uttarAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki prati mAsa sahasroM gAyoM kA dAna karane kI apekSA saMyama kA pAlana adhika zreSTha hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina paramparA ne dharma ko rUr3hivAditA aura karmakANDoM se mukta karake AdhyAtmikatA se sampanna banAyA hai / [ 17

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sakatI hai, jaba ki vaha vaicArika dRSTi se apane ko kabhI anudAra nahIM hone detI / isI lie jana-kalyANa ke nimitta vaicArika udAratA kI zata Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya mAnI gaI hai| lokamArga kA netRtva vahI kara sakatA hai, jo vicAra se udAra hotA hai aura AcAra kI dRSTi se 'AtmanepadI' / AcAra kI dRSTi se jo kevala 'parasmaipadI' hotA hai, usakA vicAra yA AcAra kabhI lokagrAhya nahIM hotA / isalie, sampUrNa bhAratIya saMskRti meM Atmacintana ko sarvopari mahatva diyA gayA hai| udAravAdI dRSTi se yaha spaSTa hai ki Atmacintana zramaNa-saMskRti kA udAtta kA sambandha Atma-saMyama yA AtmaniyantraNa yA Atmadamana dRSTikoNa se jur3A huA hai| zramaNa tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ne Atmadamana ko bar3A kaThina batAyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai : - DaoN zrIraMjana sUrideva appA ceva dameyavvo appA hu khalu duddamo / bhU0 pU0 saMpAdaka, pariSad patrikA appA danto suhI hoi assi loe parastha ya // bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA __-uttarA0 1/15 mAnava-samAja meM jaba vaicArika hrAsa A jAtA hai, nizcaya hI, durdama AtmA kA damana karanevAlA vyakti taba usameM saMkIrNatA kA praveza hotA hai aura usakI hI isa loka aura paraloka meM sukhI hotA hai| Atmadamana cintanadhArA kA udAtta dRSTikoNa saMzaya ke dhuMdhalake meM AtmapIr3ana kA paryAya hai / AtmA ke anukUla vedanIya sukha digbhrAnta ho jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM vizeSa rUpa se hai aura pratikUla vedanIya duHkha / tIrthakara puruSa ca~ ki sarvajAti aura dharma hI saMkIrNatA ke praveza-dvAra huA karate bhUtahita ke AkAMkSI hote haiM, isalie ve pratikUla vedahaiM / jAti aura dharma ke prati durAgraha yA haThAgraha hI vecA- nIyatA para vijaya pAne ke nimitta Atmadamana yA Atmarika saMkIrNatA ko janma detA hai| isa sandarbha meM zramaNa pIr3ana karate haiN| arthAt, paratrANa ke lie pratikUla ko saMskRti kA dRSTikoNa isalie udAtta hai ki vaha anakala banAkara Atmasukha anubhava karate haiN| aura, sahI - vaicArika saMkIrNatA kA sarvathA pratyAkhyAna karatI hai| mAne meM udAra vyakti vahI hotA hai, jo paraduHkha ke zramaNa-saMskRti aura vaidika-saMskRti ke bIca, aiti- vinAza ke lie AtmaduHkha ko varaNa karane meM hI sukha kA hAsika dRSTikoNa se koI spaSTa vibhAjaka rekhA nahI anubhava karatA hai| isalie, 'vasudeva hiNDI' ke 'dhammillakhIMcI jA sktii| ye donoM saMskRtiyA~ cakragati ke anu- carita' meM dharma kI paribhASA karate hue saMghadAsagaNi vAcaka krama se samaya-samaya para apanI sattA sthApita karatI rahI ne kahA hai : 'parassa adukkhakaraNaM dhammotti' / isa prakAra haiN| jisa saMskRti meM jitanI adhika vaicArika udAratA sampUrNa zrAmaNya saMskRti paraduHkha ke vinAzamUlaka udAratA rahegI, usakI sattA utanI hI avicala aura lokATata kI udAtta bhAvanA se otaprota hai| hogii| adhunA zramaNa-saMskRti ke prati atyadhika lokAgraha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke paMcayAma dharma meM zramaNa-saMskRti kA kAraNa usakI vaicArika udAratA hI hai| ke udAtta dRSTikoNa kA hI bhavyatama viniyoga huA hai| __ koI bhI saMskRti mAnava-jijIviSA kI pUrti ke ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ye pA~coM sAdhanoM kI prApti ke upAyoM kA samartha nirdeza tabhI kara sAdhAraNa jana-jIvana ko udAtta dRSTikoNa se saMvalita 18 ]

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karanevAle aise vicAra-bindu haiM, jinase samyak darzana, kara baiThate haiN| isIlie, bhagavAna mahAvIra ne karmaNA samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra kI upalabdhi sambhava jAti kI paribhASA prastuta karate hue kahA: hotI hai aura mokSa kA mArga udghATita hotA hai| kammuNA bambhaNo hoi kammuNA hoi khttio| lokeSaNA yA lokahita zramaNa saMskRti ke udAtta kammuNA baisso hoi suddho havai kammuNA // dRSTikoNa kA mahanIya pakSa hai| Adhunika lokadRSTi -uttarA0 25/31 isalie anudAra ho gaI hai ki vaha hiMsA, asatya, coya- ahiMsAvAda para anAsthA ke kAraNa hI Aja samAja vRtti, kAma-lipsA aura saMcaya-vRtti se AkrAnta hai / anu- meM jAtigata hInabhAvanA kA vistAra ho rahA hai| jAti dAratA hI saMkIrNa vicAra kI jananI hai| Aja ke vakrajar3a ke sambandha meM hamArA dRSTikoNa udAtta nahIM raha gayA hai| loga dukhyiA ke viSa se mUcchita haiM / Atma hita ke lie hama isIlie, U~ca-nIca. chaAchata Adi ke ghere meM bandI parahita kA pratyAkhyAna unakA dharma ho gayA hai| Asa- banate jA rahe haiN| zramaNa-saMskRti durabhimAna ko canautI par3osa ke jalate hue gharoM ke bIca apane ghara ko surakSita detI hai aura saghoSa udaghoSaNA karatI hai : 'mattI me samajhane kA pramAda hI unakA AtmasaMskAra bana gayA hai| savvabhaesu / ' paraduHkha ke vinAza meM Atmasukha ko sahI na mAnakara ve sAmAjika avadhAraNA ke sandarbha meM aparigrahavAda Atmasukha ko paraduHkha kA kAraNa banAnA ucita samajhate bhI zramaNa-saMskRti ke udAtta dRSTikoNa kA paricaya prastuta haiN| zramaNa-saMskRti isI anudAra dRSTi ke nimUlana ke karatA hai| aparigraha kA tAtparya dhana ke prati svAmitva kI prayAsa ke prati satat AsthAzIla hai / bhAvanA kA parityAga hai| anAvazyaka saMcaya se sAmAnya zramaNa-saMskRti ahiMsA, aparigraha aura anekAnta ke lokajIvana ko kaSTa pahu~catA hai| ghUsakhorI, jamAkhorI, udAtta dRSTikoNa kI tripuTI para AdhRta hai| anekAnta kI milAvaTa,taskarI Adi kA vyApAra parigrahakA hI jaghanyatama udAra vicAradhArA zramaNa-saMskRti kA mahAgha avadAna hai| rUpa hai| hama dhana se dUsare kI sahAyatA karate bhI haiM, to anekAnta yadi vaicArika udAtta dRSTikoNa kA pratIka hai. svAmitva kI bhAvanA rakhakara hii| svAmitva kI bhAvanA to ahiMsA aura aparigraha AcAragata udAratA kA pari- kA tyAga hama nahIM kara paate| isase aparigraha kA sahI cAyaka / zramaNa-saMskRti kA ahiMsAvAda bhI sImita paridhi rUpa tirohita hI raha jAtA hai| aura phira, hama saMkIrNa kI vastu nahIM hai| prANIvadha jaisI dravyahiMsA se bhI adhika bhAvanA se Upara nahIM uTha pAte, hamArA vaicArika dRSTikoNa vyApaka bhAvahiMsA para zramaNa-saMskRti bala detI hai| usakA udAtta nahIM ho pAtA / zramaNa-saMskRti aparigraha ke mAdhyama mantavya hai ki mUlataH bhAvahiMsA hI dravyahiMsA kA kAraNa se hameM udAtta dRSTikoNa pradAna karatI hai, jisase hamAre hai / yadi bhAvahiMsA para niyantraNa ho jAya, to phira dravya- antarmana meM sarvodaya kI bhAvanA kA saMcAra hotA hai aura hiMsA kA prazna hI nahIM utthe| Aja sAmAjika jIvana meM janamAnasa grahaNa kI saMkIrNa bhAvanA se tyAga kI udAtta bhAvahiMsA kI pradhAnatA se hI dravyahiMsA hotI hai aura yahI bhUmi kI ora abhimukha hotA hai / phira bhayaMkara yuddha aura bhISaNa raktapAta meM pariNata ho zramaNa-saMskRti kA anekAntavAda usakI udAtta dRSTi jAtI hai| kA eka aisA prakAza-stambha hai, jisase sampUrNa vizva kA jAti aura dharma kI bhAvanA meM saMkIrNatA Ane para jIvana-darzana Alokita hai| anekAnta, janasamudAya ko hiMsA kA udaya svAbhAvika hai| isa sthiti meM puNya kI durAgrahavA ditA kI saMkIrNa manovRtti se mukta hone kI paribhASA paropakAra na hokara sAmAnya vaiyaktika pUjA- preraNA detA hai| darzana ke kSetra meM yA phira jIvana ke pATha meM niHzeSa ho jAtI hai| jAtyAbhimAna hameM adhaHpatana vyAvahArika jagata meM vyApta zreSTha-azreSTha kI bhAvanA ke kI ora le jAtA hai aura isase hama mAnavatA kA nirAdara vyAmoha kA vilopa anekAnta se hI sambhava hai| nIra-kSIra [ 16

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viveka kI samprApti ekamAtra anekAnta se hI ho sakatI dayA-bhAvanA se hI sambhava hai / jJAna kI hI sakriya avasthA hai| sata ke prati Asakti aura asat ke prati vairAgya dayA hai| jJAna kI sakriyatA ke lie dayA anivArya hai| anekAnta kI bhAvanA se hI AtA hai| kahanA cAhie ki jJAna aura dayA donoM eka hI sikke ___ bhASika zuddhi kI dRSTi se syAdvAda aura vaicArika ke do pahalU haiN| isIlie, ananta jJAna se sampanna zaddhi kI dRSTi se anekAntavAda kI sthApanA zramaNa- tIrthakara dayAlu' yA 'kalyANa mitra' kI saMjJA se sambodhita saMskRti kI udAttatA kA hI pAryantika rUpa hai| Aja hama kisI vastu ko ekAnta dRSTi se satya mAnane kA bhama brahmacarya kI vyAkhyA meM bhI zramaNa-saMskRti ne udAra pAlate haiN| kintu, anekAntavAda isa bhama ko dUra karatA dRSTikoNa se kAma liyA hai| anyatra jahA~ 'maraNaM bindhai| kintu vastu ko hama ekAnta dRSTi se satya mAnakara pa.tena jIvanaM vindudhAraNAt' kA kaThora nirdeza milatA apanI anadAtta dRSTi kA hI paricaya dete haiN| koI bhI hai, vahIM zramaNa-saMskRti ne 'svadArasantoSa-vata' ko mAnava ekAnta bhAva se pUrNa nahIM hotaa| yadi hama kisI brahmacarya kA darajA diyA hai| Aja brahmacarya ke nAma darzana ke tattvajJa ko hI paNDita mAna lete haiM, to yaha / para unmukta yaunamedha kA jo nagna tANDava dRSTigata hotA hai, ekAnta dRSTi huii| sambhava hai, usa paNDita ko sAMkhyikI usakA saMyamana 'svadArasantoSa-vata' se sahaja hI sambhava meM tattvajJatA prApta nahIM, to phira use ekAnta bhAva se hai| ekamAtra apanI patnI meM hI santoSa ke vrata kA pAlana paNDita kahanA ucita bhI nhiiN| anekAnta dRSTi se darzana kiyA jAya, to kAmoSmA se pratapta Adhunika samAja meM kI apekSA yadi vaha paNDita hai. to sAMkhyikI kI apekSA saMyama ke svargIya sukha kI avatAraNA ho jaay| paNDita nahIM bhI hai| isI vicAradhArA ke AdhAra para zramaNa-saMskRti apane udAtta dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa hI anekAnta meM 'saptabhaMgI naya' kI pratiSThA huI hai| isa naya vyaSTigata dhAraNA kI apekSA samaSTigata dhAraNA ke prati . ke dvArA hama ekAnta se anekAnta kI ora prasthAna karate AgrahazIla hai| vaha 'bhUmA ve sukhaM nAlpe sukhamasti' ke haiM, jahA~ hameM sampUrNa jAgatika sthiti kA sahI abhijJAna siddhAnta kA samarthana karatI hai| vaha pramA (tadvata prApta hotA hai aura udAtta dRSTikoNa se saMvalita hone kA tatprakArakaM jJAnaM) para AsthA rakhata avasara milatA hai| sarvadharmasamanvaya kI samasyA kA samA- ko nakAra detI hai| vaha siddhAntoM ke bhaTakAva kI sthiti dhAna bhI anekAnta hI de sakatA hai / nahIM utpanna krtii| vaha to jIvana ko santrAsa, kuNThA, jJAna aura dayA zramaNa-saMskRti ke merudaNDa haiN| ye donoM anAsthA, visaMgati Adi durbhAvanAoM ke ghAta-pratighAtoM aise divya tattva haiM, jinameM udAtta dRSTikoNa kA apAra se bacane ko prerita karatI hai, tAki mAnava apanI mAnavatA sAgara taraMgita hotA rahatA hai| koI bhI jJAnI puruSa kI carama pariNati ke sumeru para virAjamAna ho sake, anudAra nahIM ho sakatA aura kisI bhI dayAla kI siddha zilA para AsIna hokara palyopama bhUmi ko Ayatta vicAradhArA saMkIrNa nahIM hotii| kintu, dayA kI bhAvanA kara sake / kA udaya binA jJAna ke sambhava nhiiN| isIlie, jinavANI Aja kA mAnava nitAnta parigrahI ho gayA hai| usane kI mAntrika bhASA hai : 'paDhama NANaM tao dayA / ' zramaNa- apane irda-girda aneka ADambara cipakA rakhe haiM / ajJAnatA saMskRti meM jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnA gayA hai| jJAna bhI aura dayAhInatA ke kAraNa vaha anapekSita AbhijAtya bhAvanA aisA, jo sva aura para ko samAna rUpa se AbhAsita kare meM par3akara mAnavatA kI garimA se paricyuta ho gayA hai| aura usameM kisI prakAra kA bAdhA-vyavadhAna na ho| vaha bAhya jagat meM akarma ko karma aura karma ko akarma isIlie AcArya siddhasena ne kahA hai : 'pramANaM svaparA- mAna baiThA hai| bhautikatA se atiparicaya ke kAraNa vaha bhAsi jJAnaM bAdha vivarjitam / ' udAtta dRSTikoNa ke lie AdhyAtmikatA kI avajJA kara rahA hai / usakA koI bhI jJAna kA honA anivArya hai aura jJAna kA kriyAnvayana kathana na to sucintita hotA hai, na hI vaha koI suvicArita 20 ]

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kArya kara pAtA hai| kula milAkara, Adhunika mAnava samAja sakatI hai| kyoMki, zramaNa-saMskRti ke paMcayAma dharma meM meM Atmapradarzana kI mithyA gatAnugatikatA kI aisI lahara mAnava kI cetanA ko anAvazyaka Agraha se alaga kara chA gaI hai ki vaha sivAya dUsare kA chInane ke alAvA apekSita anAgraha ke jyotiSpatha kI ora le calane kI aura kucha soca hI nahIM sktaa| zramaNa-saMskRti ne aparimita zakti hai| kahanA na hogA ki zramaNaisIlie, asteyabhAvanA ko sAmAjika jIvana meM pratiSThA saMskRti meM jIvana ke vidhAyaka aneka mahattvapUrNa pakSadI hai| jaise avarNavAda, dhArmika AcaraNa ke nAma para hiMsA evaM IzopaniSad kI 'tena tyaktena bhaJjajIthA mA gRdhaH parigrahamUlaka ADambaroM kA pratikSepa, saiddhAMtika matoM kA kasya sviddhanam' jaisI sAmAjika bhAvanA ko udabuddha karane samanvaya, sAmAjika jIvana meM samatAvAda kI sthApanA ke vAlI cetAvanI ko Aja ke mAnava ne najaraandAja kara dvArA strI-puruSoM ke lie samAna pragati kI yojanA, diyA hai, isIlie usameM cauryavRtti A gaI hai| Atmadhana adhika dhana kA pratyAkhyAna aura prApta dhana kA svAmitvakI apekSA paradhana ke prati tRSNA se vaha nirantara Akula hIna samAna vitaraNa, pU~jIvAda kA virodha, U~ca-nIca aura spRzyAspRzya jaisI samAjotthAna-virodhI bhAvanA vyAkula ho rahA hai| phalataH, upake saMyama kA cAbuka kA nirAkaraNa Adi-prati nihita haiM, jinase usake udAtta bekAra ho gayA hai aura indriyoM ke ghor3e be-lagAma ho gaye dRSTikoNa kA pratyakSa parijJAna prApta hotA hai| haiN| usake jaisA kAmagRdhU vyakti kAma se hI kAma ko zAnta karanA cAhatA hai| ghI se Aga ko ThaNDA karanA zramaNa-saMskRti meM zramaNa, brAhmaNa, mani aura tApasa cAhatA hai ! aura isake lie vaha cauryavRtti se hI apane ke lie kisI nirdhArita veza-vizeSa kI AvazyakatA sukha-santoSa kI sAmagrI juTAne meM prabala puruSArtha mAna nahIM / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne inakI paribhASA upasthita karate rahA hai aura hiMsA tathA mithyAtva ke prati ekAnta Agraha- hue nirdeza kiyA hai : zIla ho uThA hai| na vi muNDieNa samaNo na oMkAreNa bmbhnnii| sArasvata meM bhI Aja ajIba chInA-jhapaTI cala rahI na muNI raNavAseNa kusacIreNa na taavso|| hai| gItA kI 'svadharma nidhanaM zreyaH paradharmoM bhayAvahaH' kI samayAe samaNo hoi bambhacereNa bambhaNo / cetAvanI bhI use yAda nahIM raha gaI hai| phalataH, usakI NANeNa ya muNI hoi taveNaM hoi tAvaso | jindagI kI gAr3I samatala sar3aka ko chor3akara ubar3akhAbar3a rAste meM daur3a par3I hai| kRtrima pAzcAtya saMskRti nissandeha, kevala sira mur3A lene se koI zramaNa nahIM kI cakAcauMdha meM par3a usane apanI sahaja prAcya saMskRti hAtA, na hA AkAra ka japa sa hotA, na hI oMkAra ke japa se brAhmaNa / jaMgala meM rahane se kI upekSA kara dI hai| yahA~ taka ki apanI bhASA aura hI muni nahIM hotA aura na kuza tathA cIvara dhAraNa karane sAhitya ko bhI vaha mUlyahIna mAnane lagA hai| usake se tpsvii| vastutaH, jo samatA se sampanna hai, vahI zramaNa mUlyAMkana kI tulA hI abhAratIya ho gaI hai| hai, brahmacarya kA upAsaka hI brAhmaNa hai, jJAnI hI muni hai aura tapa karanevAlA hI tpsvii| yahI kAraNa hai ki Adhunika mAnava vibhinna matavAdoM aura sAmpradAyika rUDhiyoM kI vAtyA meM vilaNThita ho isa prakAra, zramaNa-saMskRti ne pratyeka vyakti ko rahA hai| usakA apanA jJAnabodha ahaMkAra ke a~dhere meM DUba utthAna ke mArga kA adhikArI ghoSita kiyA hai| apanI gayA hai| aisI sthiti meM zvamaNa-saMskRti ke paMcayAma sAdhanA se sarvasAmAnya vyakti bhI pAramezvarya kI siddhi dharma kI projjvala prabhA usake timirAvRtta hRdaya ko bhAsvara sulabha kara sakatA hai / zramaNa-saMskRti ne Izvara ke katRtva banA sakatI hai| usake digbhRSTa jIvana-pota ke lie ko nakArate hue mAnava ke ajeya puruSArtha ke prati aDiga anekAnta jayapatAkA dizAsUcaka yantra kA kAma kara AsthA abhivyakta kI hai| Atmazakti ke prati avizvAsa [ 21

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ho jAne ke kAraNa hI vaha kisI pAramezvarI zakti kI jIvana-darzana zramaNa-saMskRti ke jIvana-darzana kA hI kalpanA kara usake prati samarpita ho jAtA hai| paravattI- paravartI vyApaka vistAra hai, jisakI udAtta vicAradhArA kAlIna bhakta kavi caNDIdAsa kI prasiddha kAvya-paMkti- paramparAnukrama se vikasita hokara Aja kI sAmAjika evaM 'sabAra Upare mAnusa satya meM zramaNa-saMskRti kA hI udAtta Arthika abhyutthAnamUlaka rASTrIya yojanA viMzasUtrI kAryadRSTikoNa samAhita hai| krama se A jur3I hai| isalie yaha kahanA atizayokti na . hogA ki rASTrIya abhiyAna ke pratyeka par3Ava para yA zramaNa-saMskRti ke udAtta vicArapradhAna dArzanika sAmAjika jIvana ke hara mor3a para pragati aura utkarSa kA cintana ne rASTrapitA mahAtmA gA~dhI ko bhI anukUlita mantra phUMkanevAlI zramaNa-saMskRti ko kisI viziSTa deza, kiyA thA aura gA~dhIjI ke prasiddha gyAraha vratoM meM prArambha kAla, Ayu, nAma, gotra Adi kI sImA meM rakhakara dekhane ke pA~ca vrata bhagavAna mahAvIra ke hI paMcayAma dharma se kI apekSA sampUrNa vizva ke sandarbha meM maMgalakArI udAtta Akalita haiN| kahanA yaha cAhie ki mahAtmA gA~dhI kA dRSTikoNa kA hI paryAya samajhanA samIcIna hai| 22 ]

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Atmatattva kA sAkSAtkAra -saMgha pramukha zrI candana muni jahA~ adhyAtma kI bAta uThatI hai vahIM paramAtmA ke sAkSAtkAra kA prazna uTha khar3A hotA hai| paramAtmA kyA hai ? usakA sAkSAtkAra kaise kiyA jAya ? binA sAkSAtkAra ke kevala sunI huI bAta para vizvAsa kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? Aja kA vaijJAnika yuga prayogAtmaka jJAna kA yuga hai / vijJAna kevala siddhAnta nahIM detA unakA praikTikala rUpa prastuta karatA hai| isalie Aja ke manuSya ko AtmA-paramAtmA ke darzana ko samajhAne meM zAstroM kI duhAI kAma nahIM detii| binA anubhava kI zraddhA sthiti nahIM pA sakatI / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dRSTi bhI prayogAtmaka rUpa ko puSTi detI hai| ve nahIM kahate ki 'maiM kahatA hU~ isalie tuma mAna lo ve kahate haiM 'apaNA sacca mesejA' tuma apanI AtmA se satya kI khoja zurU karo, svayaM satya kA darzana karo / kevala darzana nahIM samyag darzana karo, phira sampada-jJAna aura samyak-caritra ko vikasita kro| samyak darzana hI zabdAntara se sAkSAtkAra kA dyotaka hai| | Amataura para jaina loga samyagdarzana ko zraddhA se jor3ate haiM para vAstava meM thor3A-sA pharka hai / zraddhA paidA kI nahIM jA sakatI, samyagdarzana samyak avalokana ke kAraNa svayaM utpanna ho jAtI hai| use thopA nahIM jA sakatA vaha svataH udbhUta ho jAtI hai| vaha samyagdarzana kI pariNati hai| hA~, to prazna yaha hai ki Atma-sAkSAtkAra kaise kiyA jAya ? isI viSaya para digambara - AmnAya ke ujjvala nakSatra pUjyapAda svAmI 'samAdhizataka' meM likhate haiM sarvendriyANi saMyamya, stimitenAntarAtmanA / yatkSaNaM pazyato bhAti, tat tattvaM paramAtmanaH // - saM0 za0 30 sabhI indriyoM kA saMyama karake stimita- zAnta, nirvikalpa antarAtmA ke dvArA kSaNabhara dekhane vAle ko jo bhAsita hotA hai vahI paramAtmA-tattva hai / yAni vaha paramAtmA tattva kI hI jhalaka hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba karNAdi indriyoM kI saMyamita karake, zabda-rUpa- gandha-rasa sparzAdi se dhyAna haTAkara antarmukhI banate haiM taba kisakI jhalaka bhAsita hotI hai ? vaha kyA hai ? iMdriyAM, mana zAnta hai, pUrNa nirvikalpa sthiti hai vaha Atmatattva hai / usa zuddha svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra hI paramAtmatatva kA sAkSAtkAra hai jaba taka hama zabda rUpa Adi indriyoM ke viSayoM para hI aTake rahate haiM unakA hI dhyAna hai, unakA hI cintana hai, unakI hI abhilASA hai, unakA hI AkarSaNa hai phira Atmadarzana kI kaise AzA kI jA sakatI hai ? isa tattva ko to bar3I gaharAI se pakar3A jA sakatA hai, dUsare vyApAroM ko rokakara hI ise dekhA jA sakatA hai| AdyazaMkarAcArya ne 'viveka cUr3AmaNi' meM Atmadarzana kA upAya batalAte hue kahA hai : naSTe pUrva vikalane tu, yAvadanyasya nodayaH / nirvikalpika caitanyaM, tAvatuspaSTa vibhAsate // pUrva vikalpa ke naSTa ho jAne para jaba taka dUsarA vikalpa udita nahIM hotA, isake bIca jo eka sUkSma samaya spaSTa AbhAsa hai usameM nirvikalpika caitanya kA milatA hai| ? arthAt eka vikalpa AyA aura calA gayA, dUsarA vikalpa abhI paidA nahIM huA, usake bIca kI jo sthiti hai vaha kisakI hai kevala sAkSIbhAva se dekhanevAlA hI use pakar3a sakatA hai / ve Atma-darzana ke kSaNa hote haiM / eka mAlA kA eka manakA jaise Age khisakA dUsarA manakA jaba taka usa manake se saMlagna nahIM huA, una do maNakoM ke [ 23

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bIca jo thor3A-sA dhAge kA darzana ho jAtA hai usI bhAMti kA bhAna ho sakatA hai| eka janma nahIM anantAnaMta janma uThate hue vikalpoM ke bIca AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA vyatIta ho cuke haiM para jise pakar3anA thA use nahIM pakar3a jA sakatA hai| Apa pUcha sakate haiM ki kyA dikhAI pAe / uddhAra kaise ho sakatA hai| degA? AtmA kA kyA svarUpa hogA ? lekina jo sthiti cakSugocara nahIM hai use zabdoM meM kaise bAMdhA jAyegA ? rUpaka kI bhASA meM RSi kahate haiM -eka mahala ke . parantu 'kucha hai avazya' itanA to bodha hogA hii| vahI pAMca jhAMkiyAM haiM, pAMca rozanadAna haiM, usa mahala meM eka cidAnanda rUpa AtmA hai usakA saMpUrNa nirlipta svarUpa vyakti beThA hai| vaha kabhI isa rozanadAna se jhA~katA paramAtmA nAma se abhihita hotA hai| hai kabhI usa rozanadAna se jhAMkatA hai para jhAMkane vAlA vaha eka hI hai| usI bhAMti isa zarIra rUpI maMdira - upaniSadoM meM eka kahAnI AtI hai| dakSa prajApati meM eka hI cetanatattva hai| vaha kabhI kAnoM se sanatA ke pAsa virocana indra jijJAsA lekara AtA hai, pUchatA hai kI AMkhoM se dekhatA hai kabhI gandha-rasa-sparzAdi ki maiM kauna hU~ ? AtmA kyA hai ? prajApati ne kahA-yahA~ kA anubhava karatA hai, para kheda hai ki usa eka ko pAsa hI eka sarovara hai| jaba sArI lahareM so jAeM, hama jAna nahIM pAte, pahacAna nahIM pAte, pakar3a nahIM pAnI bilkula zAnta ho taba usameM animeSa palakoM se paate| usa eka ke jAte hI bolanA, calanA, casvanA, jhAMkakara dekho, phira meM tumhAre prazna kA uttara duuNgaa| saMghanA-Adi sArI kriyAeM banda ho jAtI haiN| isase virocana sarovara ke kinAre pahu~catA hai, zAnta sarovara meM adhika AtmA ke astitva kA pramANa aura kyA ho sakatA apalaka dRSTi se jhAMka kara dekhatA hai to apanA pratibimba hai| Atma-darzana ke lie rAga-dveSAdi kalloloM ko spaSTa najara AtA hai| jhAMkate-jhAMkate eka prazna aura zAnta karanA Avazyaka hai| AcArya kahate haiMupasthita ho gyaa| prajApati se jAkara pUchane lagA--dikhane vAlA maiM hU~ yA dekhane vAlA maiM hU~ ? maiM to duvidhA meM par3a rAgadveSA dikallole'lola yanmanojalam / gayA huuN| prajApati ne kahA-basa, yahI maulika prazna hai / sa pazyatyAtmanastattvaM yattatvaM netaro janaH / / dRzya ko to hama pakar3ate haiM para draSTA ko nahIM pakar3a pAte / --samAdhizataka zlo. 35 zabda ko hama pakar3ate haiM para sunane vAle ko hama nahIM pakar3a pAte vaise hI gandha ko hama pakar3ate haiM para prAtA ko hama nahIM rAga-dveSAdi rUpa kalloloM se jisakA mana alola pakar3a paate| yahI bahimakhI aura antamakhI dRSTi kA bheda hai-caMcala nahIM hai vaha Atmatattva kA darzana kara sakatA hai hai| dRSTi ko antamakhI banAnA hogaa| tabhI AtmA itara-jana usakA darzana nahIM kara paataa| 24 ]

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hai| vartamAna meM arddha-mAgadhI vAGamaya mahAvIra kI dezanA para hI AdhArita hai jise unake gaNadharoM ne grathita kiyaa| usI grathita vANI ko hamane Agama nAma se saMzita kiyA hai| Agama ke do prakAra haiM : arthAgama aura sUtrAgama / tIrthaGkara artha kA jo vyAkhyAna karate haiM use arthAgama kahate haiM aura gaNadhara usa vyAkhyAta artha kA jo sUtrarUpa meM granthana karate haiM use sUtrAgama kahA gayA hai| jaina vAGamaya aura usakA digambara mAnyatA meM tIrthaGkara kI vANI anakSarA hai / ve upadeza kI bhASA meM kucha nahIM bolte| unake roma-roma kramika vikAsa se divya dhvani niHsRta hotI hai aura samavasaraNa meM vahI dhvani upasthita zrotAgaNa kI apanI-apanI bhASAoM meM - zrI madana kumAra mehatA, kalakattA pariNata ho jAtI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM tIrthaGkara arddhamAgadhI bhASA meM jaina vAGamaya atala jaladhi ke sadRza gahana, vizAla pravacana karate haiN| vaha arddha-mAgadhI bhASA samavasaraNa meM . va gaMbhIra hai| virala adhyavasAyI manISiyoM ne hI usameM upasthita sabhI AryoM-anAryoM kI bhASA meM pariNata ho avagAhana karane kA prayatna kiyA hai aura prApta muktAkaNa jAtI hai| jainAgamoM meM ise tIrtha'karoM kA vacana-vaiziSTya cUNiyoM aura TIkAoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kara bhAvI saMtati kahA gayA hai| ko gahana zrata-vAridhi meM Alor3ana ke liye prerita kiyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadhara the| tIrtha kara ___ vAG kA vAcika artha vAk hai / arthAt jisa sAhitya mahAvIra artha rUpa meM jo upadeza dete the unheM gaNadhara zabda baddha kara lete the| gaNadharoM dvArA grathita sUtrAgama dvAdazAMgI kA sRjana vAcanA yA vANI ke dvArA ho, jise prabuddha vyakti grahaNa kara apane smRti-koSa meM saMgraha kara le / ataH ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| ina bAraha aMga zAstroM meM bArahavAM vAGmaya ko zruta bhI kahA gayA hai| jo jJAna sunakara / dRSTivAda aMga vilupta hai| ye sabhI gaNadhara caudaha pUrvadhara, adhIta kiyA jAya vaha zrata hai| zrata kA yaha krama bhagavAna dvAdazAMgI vANI tathA samasta gaNipiTaka ke dhAraka the| mahAvIra ke pazcAt paravartI aneka AcAyauM taka avi bhagavAna mahAvIra kI upasthiti meM hI unake nau cchinna rUpa meM claa| jJAna kI yaha maMdAkinI eka ke / gaNadhara kAlagata hokara nirvANa prApta ho gaye the| mahAsthavira kaMTha se niHsRta hokara dUsare ke zravaNa kuMDa meM girakara Age indra bhUti gautama va mahAsthavira Arya sudharmA mahAvIra ke pravahamAna huI aura puna: dUsare ke kaNTha ko rasAplAvita nirvANa ke pazcAta vimukta hue| ataH mahAvIra ke nirvANa karatI huI anya ke karNa kuhara meM vinimajita ho gii| ke pazcAta Arya sudharmA unake uttarAdhikArI hue| yadyapi yaha krama prAyaH sahasra varSa paryanta claa| mahAzramaNa indrabhUti gautama jyeSTha the parantu mahAvIra ke tIrthaMkara mahAvIra jaina dharma ke antima tIrthapati the| nirvANa ke sAtha hI unheM kevala-jJAna va kevala-darzana kI eka tIrthaMkara apane pUrvavartI tIrtha karoM kI dezanA ko prApti ho gaI thii| unhoMne rAga aura dveSa ko jIta liyA prarUpita nahIM krtaa| ataH sRjana ke rUpa meM hameM bhagavAna thA / ve vItarAgI ho gaye the / vItarAgI zramaNa saMgha-zAsaka mahAvIra ke pUrvakAlIna tIrthaGkaroM kI vANI upalabdha nahIM nahIM banate ataH saMgha-zAsana ke saMcAlana kA bhAra Arya [ 25

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sudharmA para pdd'aa| vartamAna meM jitanI bhI zramaNa paramparAye binA cheda sUtroM ke gambhIra adhyayana koI sAdhu, AcArya vidyamAna haiM ve sabhI saudharma paramparA se hI saMbaMdhita haiN| yA upAdhyAya jaise uttaradAyitvapUrNa padoM para pratiSThita ataH bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pazcAt dvAdazavANI ke saMdeza- nahIM ho sktaa| vAhaka Aya sudhamA bana / unhAna mahAvAra-vANA kA dvAdaza cheda sUtra cha: hai: aMgoM ke rUpa meM punarAkalana kiyaa| vartamAna Agama (1) nizItha (2) mahAnizItha (3) vyavahAra sAhitya sudharmA kI hI dena hai / dvAdaza aMga nimna haiM: (4) dazAzrataskandha (5) vRhatkalpa (6) paMcakalpa / (1) AcArAMga (2) sUtrakRtAMga (3) sthAnAMga (4) mUla sUtra cAra haiM : samavAyAMga (5) vyAkhyAprajJapti ( bhagavatI) (6) jJAtA (1) uttarAdhyayana (2) dazavaikAlika (3) Avazyaka dharmakathAMga (7) upAsakadazAMga (8) antagaDadazAMga (4) piNDa niryakti tathA oghaniryakti / (E) anuttaropapAtika (10) praznavyAkaraNa (11) vipAka ina sUtroM kA mUla nAma kyoM par3A yaha bhI vicAraNIya evaM (12) dRssttivaad| aMgoM ke sAtha upAMgoM kA bhI prazna hai / prAcIna granthoM meM mUla zabda kahIM bhI vyavahRta nahIM sRjana kiyA gyaa| aMga aura upAMga kI yaha paddhati mAtra huA hai| ina sUtroM kA apane meM atyanta mahattva hai| vastutaH jaina zrata sAhitya meM hI nahIM varana vaidika sAhitya meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mUla bhAvoM kA inameM cayana kiyA gayA vidyamAna hai| vedoM ke samyaga adhyayana ke liye vedAMgoM kI thA, ataH inakA nAma mUla par3A ho-aisA sApekSa artha racanA kI gaI thii| binA vedAMgoM ke adhyayana ke vedoM kA parikalpita kiyA jA sakatA hai| athavA unameM dharma, samucita rUpa nahIM samajhA jA sktaa| AcAra, darzana evaM AdarzoM kA adbhuta saMkalana upalabdha __ jaina zrata sAhitya meM bhI aMgoM ke sAtha upAMgoM kI hai, ataH ye mUla AdarzoM se paripUrNa mUla sUtra haiM / racanA kI gaI hai / ye upAMga bhI aMga sUtroM kI taraha saMkhyA nandIsUtra evaM anuyoga dvAra : meM 12 hI haiM, antara itanA hI hai ki aMga gaNadharoM dvArA guMphita hai tathA upAMga sthavira AcAryoM dvArA racita ___ nandIsUtra ke racayitA AcArya devarddhigaNi haiN| yaha hai / 12 upAMga nimna haiM : eka mahattvapUrNa sUtra hai| inameM aneka viSayoM kA talasparzI (1) uvavAiya (2)rAyapaseNaiya (3)jIvAjIvAbhigama pratipAdana hai / jaina vAGamaya ke vikAsa meM isakA bahumUlya (4) paNNavaNA (5) sUrapaNNatti (6) candapaNNa tti yogadAna rahA hai| (7) jaMbUddIpa paNNatti (8) NirayAvaliyA (6) ___anuyoga dvAra ke racayitA AcArya AryarakSita haiN| yaha grantha praznottara zailI se racita hai| vibhinna kappavadaMsiyA (10) pupphiyA (11) pupphacUliyA (12) va hidshaa| viSayoM para praznottaroM dvArA prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isameM bahuta hI gaMbhIra viSayoM kA saralatA se pratipAdana kiyA 12 aMgoM kI viSaya dRSTi ke anusAra ye 12 upAMga gayA hai| paraspara sambaddha hone cAhiye parantu isa prakAra kA pArasparika sAmaMjasya inameM nahIM miltaa| yaha eka dasa paipaNaga (daza prakIrNaka) Azcarya kA viSaya hai| prakIrNaka grantha una granthoM ko kahA jAtA hai jo jaina vAGamaya meM chedasUtroM kA apanA sthAna hai| zramaNoM tIrthaGkaroM ke ziSyoM dvArA vividha viSayoM para race jAte ke AcAra viSayaka niyama jo bhagavAna mahAvIra ne nirdhA- haiN| prakIrNaka granthoM kI paramparA Adi kAla se calI A rita kiye the unako uttaravartI AcAryoM ne cheda sUtroM meM rahI hai / vartamAna meM dasa prakIrNaka grantha mAne gaye haiMvividha parivartana ke sAtha granthita kara liye / sAdhu jIvana (1)causaraNa (2)Aura paccakkhANa (3) mahApaccakkhANa ke liye cheda sUtroM kA adhyayana Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| (4) bhattapariNNA (5) taMDalaveyAliya (6) saMthAraga 26 ]

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(7) gacchAyAra (8) gaNivijA (6) deviMdathava antevAsI the| unake avasAna ke pazcAt Arya yazobhadra (10) mrnnsmaahii| ke Upara saMgha-saMcAlana ke sAtha samasta zrata sAhitya adhIta upayukta AgamoM meM zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka samudAya karane-karAne kA bhAra AyA / ve caudaha pUrvadhara the| mukhyatayA 45, Agama svIkRta karatA hai jo isa AcArya yazobhadra ne hI nanda rAjAoM ko pratibodhita prakAra hai: kara ahaMta dharma meM dIkSita kiyA thaa| 11 aMga ___AcArya yazobhadra ne eka navIna paramparA kA sUtrapAta 12 upAMga kiyA / unhoMne eka ke sthAna para do uttarAdhikArI manonIta kiye| eka the AcArya sambhUtivijaya aura dUsare the AcArya bhadrabAhu / saMgha-saMcAlana kA bhAra jyeSTha uttarA2 nandI satra va anuyogadAra dhikArI sambhUti vijaya para thaa| AcArya bhadrabAhu kA 10 prakIrNaka unake jIvana kAla taka saMgha-vyavasthA se sIdhA koI saMbaMdha na thA / sthAnakavAsI va terApaMthI sampradAya dvArA 32 Agama bhadrabAhu mahAprabhAvaka AcArya the| ye cheda sUtroM ke hI prAmANika rUpa meM svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| ve isa praNetA tathA caturdaza pUrvadhara the| inake nidhana ke sAtha hI prakAra haiM: caturdaza pUrvadhara paramparA samApta ho gii| jambU svAmI ke anantara mahAvIra dharma saMgha ke ye paMcama AcArya the 11 aMga sUtra 12 upAMga sUtra __ prathama vAcanA-AcArya bhadrabAhu ke kAla meM 12 4 cheda sUtra varSIya duSkara akAla pdd'aa| isase sArI saMgha-vyavasthA 4 mUla sUtra astavyasta ho gii| sAdhu samAja para bhI isakA bhayaMkara 1 Avazyaka sUtra prabhAva pdd'aa| aneka medhAvI va jJAnI zramaNa kAlakavalita ho gaye, aneka dUrastha pradezoM meM cale gye| sunane-sunAne aura adhIta karane kI paramparA meM vikSepa par3a gyaa| jJAna digambara paramparA meM vartamAna meM aMga-upAMga sAhitya kA bahumUlya bhaNDAra lekhana ke abhAva meM vismRti ke garbha .. vidyamAna nahIM hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki vIra-nirvANa ke meM samA gyaa| duSkAla ke uparAnta avaziSTa sAdhu samAja pAMca sau varSa pazcAta na aMga sAhitya hI rahA aura na punaH pATalIputra meM ekatrita huaa| sabase pahalI AvapUrva jJAna ke dhAraka hI rhe| mAtra pUrvajJAna va gyAraha aMgoM zyakatA yaha mahasUsa kI gaI ki zrata-sampadA kA kaise kA AMzika jJAna hI rahA jise paravattI AcAryoM ne saMrakSaNa kiyA jaay| AcArya sthalibhadra, jo AcArya vibhinna granthoM meM grathita kiyA hai| bhadrabAhu ke manonIta uttarAdhikArI the, ke netRtva meM Arya sudharmA ke nirvANa ke pazcAta samAgata zratajJa zramaNoM dvArA 11 aMgoM kA punarsakalana sthAna para paTTadhara hue| jamba antima kevalI the| Arya huA / ise hama prathama vAcanA kahate haiN| jambU ke uttarAdhikArI Arya prabhava hue| Arya prabhava ke AcArya bhadrabAhu paryanta zvetAmbara va digambara mAnyatA uttarAdhikArI Arya zayyambhava hue| ye zruta kevalI the sadRza hI haiN| yahIM se digambara-zvetAmbara zrutadhArA kA tathA dazavakAlika jese mahAna sUtra ke racanAkAra the| pravAha do vibhinna dhArAoM ke rUpa meM pravAhita hotA hai| zayyambhava kI dazavaikAlika ke rUpa meM jaina vAGamaya ko zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anusAra jo zrata sAhitya 11 aMga anupama dena hai| Arya yazobhadra AcArya zayyambhava ke upalabdha hai-vaha tIrthakara mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa tathA [ 27

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gaNadharoM dvArA granthita hai| digambara yaha bAta svIkRta nahIM vIra-nirvANa ke eka sahasra varSa pazcAta AcArya devadhi karate / gaNi kSamAzramaNa ke AcAryatva meM vallabhI meM tIsarI vAcanA samAyojita kI gii| isameM samasta Agama sAhitya dvitIya vAcanA-pATalIputra kI prathama vAcanA ke lipibaddha kiyA gyaa| samprati jo bhI jaina vAGamaya vidyaparacAt gyAraha aMgoM kA jJAna usI prakAra zrata paramparA se pravAhita rhaa| ziSya ne guru se mukhAgra adhIta kiyA mAna hai usake liye hama yugapradhAna AcArya devardhigaNi kSamA zramaNa ke ciraRNI haiN| yadi aisA na hotA to samasta zrata-. aura smRti koSa meM saMrakSita kara liyaa| punaH ziSya ne . sAhitya vizRkhalita hokara naSTa ho jAtA athavA zratajJa apane praziSya ko usI prakAra adhIta krvaayaa| para smRti kI bhI eka sImA hotI hai / zanaiH zanaiH vizAla jJAna rAzi vidvAnoM ke avasAna ke sAtha hI vismRti ke mahAsAgara meM vilIna ho jaataa| ko dhAraNa karane vAle ziSyoM-praziSyoM kI kamI hotI gii| vIra-nirvANa ke sAta sau varSoM ke pazcAta punaH 12 varSoM kA panavoM kA AgamoM ke likhita rUpa meM upalabdha ho jAne ke duSkAla pdd'aa| nandI cUNI meM ullekha hai ki akAla meM pazcAt AcAryoM ko akSaya nidhi prApta ho gii| phira to aneka medhAvI zratajJoM kA avasAna ho gayA / zrata paramparA sahasra lohiye lipika sUtroM kI pratilipiyA~ karane meM laga astavyasta ho gii| durbhikSa ke pazcAta yuga pradhAna AcArya gye| nagara-nagara meM jJAna ke bhaNDAra sthApita ho gaye / skandila ke netRtva meM mathurA meM zrata saMrakSaNa ke liye manISiyoM ko zrata sAgara meM avagAhana karane kA avasara Agama-vAcanA kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| suvijJa Agama prApta hone lgaa| prAkRta ke sAtha saMskRta zikSA kI ora vettA munigaNoM ko bulAyA gyaa| jinheM jisa rUpa meM dhyAna gyaa| phira to unako samajhane spaSTIkaraNa karane smaraNa thA usI rUpa meM saMkalita kiyA gyaa| mathurA meM ke liye cUrNiyoM, TIkAoM kI racanAyeM huii| mUla hone se ise mAthurI vAcanA kahate haiN| prAkRta ke sAtha saMskRta meM TIkAyeM kI gii| AcArya haribhadra, zIlaMkAcArya, zAntyAcArya, malladhArI hemacandra, ___ mAthurI vAcanA ke samAnAntara hI AcArya nAgArjuna malayagiri, kSemakIrti, abhaya devasUri Adi aneka mahAkI adhyakSatA meM vallabhI (gujarAta) meM eka sAdhu-sabhA prabhAvaka AcAryoM ne vizeSa TIkAyeM likhakara zrata sAhitya samaveta huii| usameM bhI upasthita muniyoM ne apanI-apanI ko karAmalakavata spaSTa kara diyaa| smRti ke AdhAra para samasta aMgoM-upAMgoM kA saMkalana va rAmpAdana kiyaa| smRti AdhAra hone se itivRttAtma- yAda cANayA yA TAkAya na hAtA tA hama zruta jJAna katA meM piSTa-peSaNa hotA hai| grantha-vistAra kama karane meM kore hI raha jaate| ke liye anya sUtra kA nirdeza dekara sUtrakAra Age bar3ha gaye / khaMbhAta, pATana va jaisalamera ke jJAna bhaNDAra apane meM tIsarI vAcanA-do-do vAcanAyeM sampanna hone para bahumUlya nidhiyA~ sameTe hue Aja bhI zrata surakSA kI amara gAthA sunA rahe haiN| bhI lekhana dvArA zrata sAhitya surakSita rakhane kI ceSTA nahIM huii| vahI mukhAgra rakhane kI paripATI hI rhii| ataH vartamAna meM bhI hindI, aMgrejI va itara bhASAoM meM zrata sAhitya kucha hI medhAvI zramaNoM taka hI sImita raha jenAgamoM kA prakAzana kiyA gayA hai jo ra gyaa| ataH tatkAlika samAja ne cintita hokara smRti hai| isa sambandha meM hama yadi sampradAyagata kArya na kara eka AdhAra ke sthAna para lekhana dvArA zrata sAhitya ko saMrakSita maMca se samaveta kArya kareM to zrata sAhitya adhika mahimAkarane kA saMkalpa kiyaa| maNDita ho sakatA hai| 28 ]

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jaina darzana ke Aloka meM / nayavAda aura dravyavAda svIkAra nahIM karatA hai aura vyavahAra naya abheda ko nahIM mAnatA hai| naigama naya kA AdhAra hai. bheda aura abheda, ye donoM eka padArtha meM vidyamAna haiN| ye sarvathA rUpa se eka haiM, do nahIM / parantu mukhya evaM gauNa bhAva se do haiM / isa dRSTikoNa meM pramukhatA eka kI hI rahatI hai| dvitIya sanmukha rahatA hai para gauNa rUpa se| kabhI dharma mukhya banatA hai aura kabhI dhIM mukhya bana jAtA hai| prayojana aura apekSA ke anusAra krama meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai / RjusUtra naya kA AdhAra hai carama bhed| yaha kevala vartamAna paryAya ko hI yathArtha mAnatA hai, use hI vAstavika mAnatA hai / pUrva evaM pazcAt kI paryAyoM ko nhiiN| zabda bheda ke anusAra artha kA bheda hotA hai| yahI zabda naya kA mUla AdhAra hai| pratyeka zabda kA artha alaga-alaga hai| eka -zrI rameza muni zAstrI artha ke do vAcaka nahIM hote haiN| yahI samabhirur3ha naya kI ___ mUla bhitti hai| evaMbhUta naya ke anusAra artha ke liye nayavAda jaina darzana kA eka atIva maulika aura ati zabda prayoga usakI prastuta kriyA ke anusAra honA viziSTa vAda hai| cetana evaM acetana ke yathArtha svarUpa cAhiye / samabhirUr3ha naya artha kI kriyA meM apravRtta zabda ko samajhane ke liye prastuta vAda eka sarvAMga pUrNa ko usakA vAcaka mAnatA hai| vaha vAcaka aura vAcya ke dRSTikoNa vyakta karatA hai aura bhinna-bhinna ekAntika prayoga ko traikAlika mAnatA hai| kintu evaMbhUta naya dRSTiyoM meM AdhArabhUta samanvaya sthApita karatA hai / syAdvAda vAcya-vAcaka ke prayoga ko kevala vartamAna kAla meM hI siddhAnta kA yahI mUla AdhAra hai| svIkAra karatA hai| isa dRSTikoNa ke anusAra sAta nayoM nayavAda ko samajhane ke liye yaha nitAnta anivArya ke viSaya isa rUpa meM banate haiM : ki unake mUla ko jAnane kA prayAsa kiyA jaae| (1) naigama-artha kA bheda, abheda aura donoM sAmAnya rUpeNa vaicArika jagata meM tIna dhArAe~ pravAhita (2) saMgraha-abheda / haiN| ve ye haiM-jJAnAzrayI, arthAzrayI aura zabdAzrayI / (ka) para saMgraha-carama abheda jo vicAra saMkalpa mUlaka hotA hai, use jJAnAzrayI kahate (kha) apara saMgraha-avAntara abheda haiN| naigamanaya jJAnAzrayI vicAra dhArA hai| jo artha kI (3) vyavahAra-bheda, avAntara bheda mImAMsA karatA hai vaha arthAzrayI vicAra hai| saMgraha, (4) RjusUtra-carama bheda vyavahAra aura RjusUtra ye tInoM naya arthAzrayI vicAra- (5) zabda-bheda dhArA ko liye hue haiN| ye naya artha ke bheda aura abheda (6) samabhirUr3ha-bheda kI mImAMsA karate haiN| arthAzrita abheda vyavahAra ko saMgraha (7) evaMbhUta-bheda naya meM liyA gayA hai| zabda,zrayI vicAra dhArA vaha hai jo ina sAta nayoM meM saMgraha naya kI dRSTi abheda hai / bheda zabda ko pradhAna mAnakara calatI hai| zabda, samabhirur3ha aura dRSTiyA~ pA~ca hai aura negama naya kI dRSTi bheda aura evaMbhUta ye tInoM naya zabdAzrayI vicAra haiM / abheda-donoM se saMyukta hai| vaha saMyukta dRSTi isa tathya abheda saMgraha dRSTi kA pramukha AdhAra hai aura bheda kA saMsUcaka hai ki abheda meM hI bheda hai aura bheda meM hI vyavahAra dRSTi kA pradhAna AdhAra hai| saMgrahanaya bheda ko abheda hai / jaina darzana ne bheda ke sAtha hI abheda ko svIkAra [ 26

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kiyA hai| cetana aura acetana ye donoM padArtha hI sat haiN| ataeva sarakha kI apekSA se abhinna hai| para ina donoM meM svabhAva bheda avazya hai, isaliye bhinna hai / vAstava meM abheda aura bheda donoM tAttvika hai kyoMki bheda-zUnya abheda meM artha kiyA nahIM hotI hai, vizeSa meM hI artha kriyA hotI hai / parantu abheda zUnya bheda meM bhI artha kriyA nahIM hotI hai, kAraNa aura kArya kA sambandha nahIM milatA hai| pUrva kSaNa uttara kSaNa kA kAraNa tabhI banatA hai jabaki donoM meM eka dhra uva, arthAt abhedAMza, anvayI mAnA jAe | etadartha hI jaina darzana abhedAzrita bheda, aura bhedAfar abheda ko mAnatA hai| naya ke mukhya bheda dI haiN| dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika / naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra va RjusUtra cAra naya dravyArthika haiM aura zabda, samabhipar3ha aura evaMbhUta tIna naya paryAyArthika hai AdhyAtmika dRSTi se naya kA vargIkaraNa do prakArase huA hai-- nizcaya naya aura vyavahAra ny| jo naya padArtha ke mUla aura para nirapekSa svarUpa ko batalAtA hai vaha nizcaya naya kahalAtA hai aura jo naya parAzrita dUsare padArthoM ke nimitta se samutpanna padArtha svarUpa ko batalAtA hai use vyavahAra naya kahate haiN| nizcaya naya bhUtArtha hai aura vyavahAra naya abhUtArtha hai / tAtparya kI bhASA meM yoM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki padArtha ke pAramArthika tAttvika zuddha svarUpa kA grahaNa nizcaya naya se hotA hai aura azuddha apAramArthika svarUpa kA grahaNa vyavahAra naya se hotA hai / vyavahAra naya ke mukhya prakAra do haiM : sadbhuta vyavahAra naya aura asadabhUta vyavahAra naya / eka padArtha meM guNa guNI ke bheda se, bheda ko viSaya karane vAlA sadbhUta vyavahAra naya hai| isake bhI do prakAra haiM: upacarita sabhUta vyavahAra naya evaM anupacarita sadbhUta vyavahAra naya / sopAdhika guNa aura guNI meM bheda grahaNa karane vAlA upacarita sadbhuta vyavahAra naya hai | frepAdhika guNa aura guNI meM bheda grahaNa karane vAlA anupacarita saddbhuta upahAra nava hai| jisa prakAra jIva kA matijJAna, zrutajJAna Adi loka meM vyavahAra hotA hai vyavahAra meM upAdhi rUpa jJAnAvaraNa karma ke AvaraNa se kaluSita AtmA kA mala sahita jJAna hone se jIva ke matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhi jJAna aura manaHparyaMva ye cAroM kSayopazamika 30] jJAna sopAdhika haiM ! ataeva ise upacarita sadbhuta vyavahAra naya kahate haiN| nirupAdhika guNa guNI ke bheda ko grahaNa karane vAlA anupacArita sadbhUta vyavahAra naya hai| upAdhi se mukta guNa ke sAtha jaba upAdhi rahita jIva kA sambandha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| taba nirupAdhika guNa-guNI ke bheda se anupacarita sadbhuta vyavahAra naya siddha ho jAtA hai| jaise kevala jJAna AtmA kA sarvathA nirAvaraNa kSAyika jJAna hai| ataeva vaha nirupAdhika hai / asaddbhuta vyavahAra naya ke do prakAra haiM: upacarita asadbhuta vyavahAra naya evaM anupacarita asadabhUta vyavahAra naya saMzleSayukta padArtha ke sambandha ko viSaya karane vAlA jo naya hai vaha anupacarita asadbhUta vyavahAra naya hai| jaise jIva kA zarIra yahA~ para jIva aura deha kA sambandha parikalpita nahIM hai / kintu jIvana paryanta sthAyI hone se anupacarita hai| jIva evaM deha ke bhinna hone se vaha asadbhUta vyavahAra bhI hai| saMzleSarahita padArtha ke sambandha ko viSaya karane vAlA upacarita adbhUta vyavahAra naya hai jaise rAmaprasAda kA dhana ! yahA~ para rAmaprasAda kA dhana ke sAtha sambandha mAnA gayA hai / kintu vAstava meM vaha parikalpita hone se upacarita hai| rAmaprasAda aura dhana ye donoM vastutaH bhinnabhinna dravya haiM / eka nahIM hai| rAmaprasAda aura dhana kA yathArtha sambandha nahIM hai| I nizcaya naya para nirapekSa svabhAva kA pratipAdana karatA hai / jina-jina paryAyoM meM para-nimitta par3a jAtA hai unheM vaha zuddha nahIM kahatA hai| para janya paryAyoM ko vaha para mAnatA hai| jaise jIva ke rAga-dveSa, kAma-krodha, moha-lobha prabhRti bhAvoM meM yadyapi jIva svayaM upAdAna hotA hai, yahI rAga - rUpa se pariNati karatA hai parantu yaha jo bhAva hai vaha karma nimittaka hai| ataeva inheM vaha AtmA ke nija rUpa nahIM mAnatA hai| anya jIvoM aura saMsAra ke samasta anya ajIvoM ko vaha apanA mAna hI nahIM sktaa| parantu jina Atma-vikAsa ke sthAnoM meM para kA kiJcit mAtra bhI nimitta hotA hai unheM vaha 'sva' nahIM, 'para' mAnatA hai nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se jIva baddha nahIM pratIta hotA / karma baddha avasthA jIva kA kAlika svabhAva nahIM hai / /

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kyoMki karma kA kSaya hone para usakI sattA nahIM rahatI hai| kA kArya hai| jaba hama kahate haiM ki jJAna svayaM AtmA hai nizcaya naya meM jIva ke vizuddha aura nirvikAra svarUpa kA to yaha nizcaya naya kI bhASA hai aura jJAna AtmA kA saMdarzana hotA hai, kintu jIva kA vaibhAvika-bhAva pari- eka maulika guNa hai to yaha vyavahAra naya kI bhASA huii| lakSita nahIM hotA hai| nizcaya naya meM mana, tana aura yahA~ para AtmA guNI hai aura usakA guNa 'jJAna' hai| indriyA~ bhI nahIM jhalakatI hai| kyoM ki ve Aja haiM, kala guNa kabhI bhI guNI se vilaga nahIM ho sktaa| guNI aura nahIM bhI haiN| AtmA kA karma baddha rUpa, spRzya rUpa, bheda guNa meM akhaNDatA aura abhedatA hotI hai| vyavahAra naya rUpa tathA aniyata rUpa jo sAdhAraNa dRSTi meM jhalakatA hai, kI dRSTi se AtmA ko guNI mAnA jAtA hai aura jJAna ko para hai| AtmA baddha nahIM hai, aspRzya hai, niyata hai aura usakA guNa mAnA gayA hai| yaha bheda dRSTi kA pratipAdana abhinna hai| jaba taka yaha paribodha nahIM hogA, taba taka hai| jaina darzana ke mantavya ke anusAra guNI aura guNa kA jIva bhava-bandhanoM se vimukta nahIM ho sktaa| jahA~ para tAdAtmya sambandha hai| kintu AdhAra-Adheya bhAva kA vikalpa hai, bheda hai vahA~ nizcaya nahIM hai| nizcaya naya sambandha nahIM hai jisa prakAra ghRta aura pAtra meM hotA hai| vastutaH vikalpa aura bheda se rahita hotA hai| usameM deha, ghRta Adheya hai aura usakA AdhAra pAtra hai| pAtra meM indriya, mana, karma Adi se pare ekamAtra zuddhatama Arama- ghI saMyoga sambandha se rahatA hai| parantu ghRta aura pAtra kI tatva para dRSTi rahatI hai| karma pudgala kA jo udaya bhAva svatantra sattA hai| unameM tAdAtmya sambandha nahIM hai hai vaha yathArtha meM nizcaya dRSTi kA lakSya nahIM hai / usakA jabaki jIva aura usake jJAna guNa kA sambandha tAdAtmya pramukha lakSya hai-vyavahAra naya ko lAMghakara parama vizuddha hai| jaina darzana ke abhimatAnusAra guNI aura guNa meM na nirvikAra sthiti para pahu~canA, jahA~ para kisI bhI prakAra ekAnta bheda hotA hai aura na ekAnta abhed| para kA moha nahIM hai, kSobha nahIM hai, paryAyoM kI pratipala- kathaMcit bheda hai, aura kathaMcita abheda hai| jJAnaguNa jIva . pratikSaNa parivartita ho rahI dazA, jo bheda rUpa dRSTigocara dravya ke atirikta kahIM nahIM rahatA hai / yaha sadbhuta vyavahAra hotI hai, usase bhI pare jo abheda-dravyamaya bhAva hai, jo naya hai / anAdi kAla se azuddha nahIM huA hai aura jaba vaha azuddha nahIM huA taba zuddha bhI kahA~ rahA? isa prakAra azuddha evaM nizcaya naya aura vyavahAra naya ina donoM ko samajhane zuddha ina donoM se pare nirvikalpa, trikAlI, ekamevA- ke liye kucha tathya aura bhI jJAtavya haiN| jIva aura baddha dvitIya nija svarUpa hai| vahI zaddha nizcaya naya kA svarUpa hone vAle kama-pudgala ko eka kSetrAvagAhI batAyA gayA hai| zuddha nizcaya naya dravya pradhAna hai, vaha nAraka, tiryaJca hai| AkAza rUpa kSetra meM jIva evaM karma donoM rahate haiN| Adi paryAyoM ko grahaNa nahIM karatA hai| kintu AtmA ke ina donoM kA eka hI kSetra hai| prastuta kathana vyavahAra dRSTi vizaddha jyotirmaya svarUpa ko hI grahaNa karatA hai| anya se hai| nizcaya naya kI apekSA se pratyeka dravya apane meM koI bhI usake liye jJAtavya nahIM rahatA hai aura upAdeya hI rahatA hai| kisI dUsare meM nahIM / jIva jIva meM rahatA bhI nahIM rahatA hai| hai, karma karma meM rahatA hai| vyavahAra naya kI dRSTi se jIva AtmA ke asaMkhyAta aura ananta vikalpoM kA aura karma eka kSetrAvagAhI aura saMyogI hone se donoM kA parityAga kara sva-svarUpa kI pratIti karanA hI nizcaya naya kSetra eka kahA gayA hai / jaise dUdha aura pAnI milane para yaha hai| nizcaya naya nimitta ko na pakar3a kara upAdAna ko nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki yaha dUdha kA jala hai| balki hI pakar3atA hai jaba ki vyavahAra naya kI dRSTi nimitta kahA jAtA hai ki yaha dUdha hai kyoMki ye donoM ekamela ho para hI hotI hai| nizcaya aura vyavahAra ina donoM nayoM gaye haiN| kintu niracaya naya kI dRSTi se dUdha dUdha hai, meM yaha bhI antara hai ki nizcaya naya abheda pradhAna hai aura pAnI pAnI hai| eka kSetrAvagAhI hone mAtra se donoM eka vyavahAra naya bheda pradhAna hai| bheda meM abheda dekhanA yaha nahIM ho sakate / vaise hI jIva aura karma eka kSetrAvagAhI nizcaya naya hai aura abheda meM bheda dekhanA yaha vyavahAra naya hone se eka nahIM ho skte| jIva aura karma ina donoM

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kI sattA pRthak-pRthak hai| donoM kA svabhAva eka dUsare guNa aura paryAya vAlA dravya hai| utpAda evaM vyaya ke sthAna se bhinna hai| para 'paryAya' zabda prayukta hai aura dhrauvya ke sthAna para 'guNa' jJAtA kA vaha abhiprAya vizeSa 'naya' hai jo zabda kA prayoga huA hai| utpAda tathA vyaya parivartana ke pramANa ke dvArA jAnI huI vastu ke eka aMza-viroSa ko sUcaka haiM, dhrauvya nityatA kI saMsacanA detA hai| guNa grahaNa karatA hai| pramANa meM aMza kA vibhAjana nahIM ho nityatA kA sUcaka hai aura paryAya parivartana kA vAcaka sktaa| vaha to padArtha ko samagra bhAva se hI grahaNa karatA hai| pratyeka padArtha ke do rUpa hote haiM-ekatA aura hai| jaise-yaha ghar3A hai| ghaTa ananta dharmAtmaka hai| vaha anektaa| sadRzatA aura visadRzatA, nityatA aura anirUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi aneka guNa-dharmoM se saMyukta tyatA, sthAyitva aura parivartana, ina donoM meM se prathama pakSa hai / una guNoM kA vargIkaraNa na karake sampUrNa rUpa se jAnanA dhrauvya kA vAcaka hai, guNa kA sUcaka hai| dvitIya pakSa 'pramANa' hai aura una guNoM kA vibhAjana karake jAnanA utpAda aura vyaya kA pratIka hai, paryAya sacaka hai / padArtha 'naya' hai| pramANa aura naya ye donoM jJAna kI hI pravR- ke sthAyitva meM sthiratA rahatI hai, ekarUpatA hotI hai| ttiyA~ haiN| jaba jJAtA kI dRSTi pUrNa rUpa se grahaNa karane parivartana meM pUrva rUpa kA kSaya hotA hai aura uttara rUpa kI kI hotI hai taba usakA jJAna pramANa' hotA hai| jaba utpatti hotI hai| padArtha ke utpAda evaM vinAza meM vyaya usakA usI pramANa se grahaNa kI huI padArtha ko khaNDa-khaNDa aura utpatti ke rahate hue padArtha sarvathA rUpa se vinaSTa rUpa se grahaNa karane kA abhiprAya hotA hai taba usa aMza- nahIM hotA, na sarvathA navIna hI utpanna hotA hai| utpAda grAhI abhiprAya ko 'naya' kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra evaM vinAza ke madhya eka prakAra kI sthiratA rahatI hai, yaha spaSTa hai ki pramANa aura naya ye donoM jJAna ke hI jo na vinaSTa hotA hai aura na usakI utpatti hI paryAya haiN| hotI hai| pramANa ko sakalAdeza kahA hai aura naya ko vikalA jaina sAhitya kA parizIlana-anuzIlana karane se vidita deza kahA gayA hai| sakalAdeza meM padArtha ke samasta dharmoM hotA hai ki 'dravya' zabda kA prayoga sAmAnya ke liye bhI kI vivakSA hotI hai| kintu vikalA deza meM eka dharma ke huA hai| sAmAnya evaM jAti ko pragaTa karane ke liye atirikta anya dharmoM kI vivecanA nahIM hotI hai| dravya aura vyakti yA viroSa ko pragaTa karane ke liye sArapUrNa zabdoM meM yaha kathana bhI yathArthatA ko liye 'paryAya' zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| sAmAnya yA hue hai ki nayavAda jaina darzana kA eka prANabhUta tattva hai dravya do prakAra kA hai| tiryak sAmAnya aura UrdhvatA aura dAze nika-vicAraNAoM ke samanvaya kA AdhAra- saamaany| eka hI kAla meM avasthita aneka deza meM rahane stambha hai| vAle, aneka padArthoM meM jo sadRzatA kI anubhUti hotI hai jaina darzana meM dravya, sata. padArtha, tattva. tattvArtha use 'tiyek sAmAnya' kahate haiN| jaba kAlakRta bhinnaAdi zabdoM kA prayoga prAyaH eka hI artha meM huA hai| bhinna avasthAoM meM kisI dravya kA anvaya athavA ekatva tattva sAmAnya ke lie ina sabhI zabdoM kA prayoga haA hai| vivakSita ho, eka vizeSa vastu kI aneka avasthAoM kI jaina darzana tatva aura sata ina donoM ko ekArthaka mAnatA hai| eka-ekatA athavA dhovya apekSita ho, taba usa dhAvya dravya aura sat meM bhI ekAntataH koI bheda nahIM hai| sattA sUcaka aMza ko UdhrvatA-sAmAnya kahA jAtA hai| sAmAnya kI apekSA se sabhI sat haiN| jo sana hai vahI anya jisa prakAra sAmAnya kA vargIkaraNa do prakAra se huA rUpa se asat hai| isI molika dRSTi ko saMlakSya meM rakha hai usI prakAra vizeSa ke do prakAra haiM-tiyaka sAmAnya kara kahA gayA hai ki saba eka haiM, kyoMki sabhI sat haiN| ke sAtha rahane vAle jo vizeSa vivakSita ho, vaha tiryaka sat kA svarUpa kyA hai? isa prazna ke samAdhAna meM vizeSa kahalAtA hai aura UrvatA sAmAnyAzrita jo paryAya kahA gayA hai ki sat utpAda, vyaya aura dhovyAtmaka hai| ho, use UrvatA vizeSa kahate haiN| dravya ke UrdhvatA 32 ]

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sAmAnyAzrita paryAyoM ko pariNAma bhI kahA gayA hai| vizeSa tathA pariNAma ye donoM dravya ke pariNAma hai, kyoMki ye donoM parivartanazIla haiN| pariNAma meM kAlabheda kI pramukhatA avazya rahatI hai jaba ki vizeSa meM deza bheda kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| jo kAla kI dRSTi se pariNAma haiM ve hI deza-dRSTi se vizeSa haiN| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki paryAya, pariNAma, vizeSa, utpAda aura upaya ye sabhI zabda ekArthaka haiN| dravya-vizeSa kI vividha avasthAoM meM ina samasta zabdoM kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| dravya aura paryAya kA yathArtha svarUpa samajha lene ke pazcAt yaha jAna lenA ati Avazyaka hai ki dravya aura paryAya ina donoM meM paraspara kyA sambandha hai / dravya aura paryAya ye donoM eka-dUsare se bhinna haiM yA abhinna hai isa vicAraNIya prazna kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki AtmA eka dravya hai aura sAmAyika AtmA kI eka avasthAvizeSa hai arthAt usakI eka paryAya hai| sAmAyika AtmA se bhinna nahIM hai / tathya yaha hai ki paryAya dravya se bhinna nahIM hai| yaha dravya aura paryAya kI abheda dRSTi hai| isa dRSTikoNa kA jo samarthana huA hai vaha ApekSika hai / kisI dRSTi se AtmA aura sAmAyika ye donoM eka haiM / kyoMki sAmAyika AtmA kI eka avasthA hai-AtmaparyAya hai| ataeva sAmAyika AtmA se abhinna hai, abheda hai| anyatra dravya aura paryAya ke bheda kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| paryAya asthira hai, tathApi dravya sthira hai| isa kathana se spaSTataH bheda-raSTi jhalakatI hai| yadi dravya aura paryAya ina donoM kA paraspara meM ekAntataH abheda hotA to paryAya ke vinaSTa hote hI dravya kA bhI kSaya ho jAtA / isakA artha yaha hai ki paryAya dravya nahIM hai / dravya aura paryAya ye donoM kathaMcita bhinna haiM / paryAya badalatI rahatI hai kintu dravya apane Apa meM aparivartanazIla hai / paryAya-dRSTi kI pramukhatA kI dRSTi se dravya evaM paryAya huna donoM ke kathaMcit bheda kA samarthana kiyA jA sakatA hai / dravya-dRSTi kI pradhAnatA se dravya aura paryAya ke kathaMcita abheda kI paripuSTi kI jA sakatI hai| dRSTi-bheda se dravya aura paryAya ke abheda evaM bheda kI vivecanA kI jAtI hai / isI prakAra AtmA aura zAna ke sambandha meM bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai| jJAna AtmA kA eka maulika aura atIva viziSTa guNa hai| jJAna kI avasthAoM meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| hotA rahatA hai / kintu 'AtmA' dravya vahI rahatA hai / aisI avasthA meM jJAna aura AtmA kathaMcit bhinna hai / jJAna guNa kI AtmA se bhinna sarvatantra - svatantra sattA nahIM hai / vaha AtmA kI hI eka avasthA vizeSa hai| isa raSTikoNa se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki AtmA aura zAna ina donoM meM kathaMcit abhinnatA hai yadi jJAna aura AtmA meM ekAntataH abheda hotA to jJAna guNa ke vinAza ke sAtha hI sAtha 'Atma dravya' kA bhI kSaya ho jaataa| aisI avasthA / meM eka zAzvata - akSaya 'AtmA' dravya kI siddhi nahIM hotI / yadi AtmA aura zAna ina donoM meM kathaMcita bheda nahIM hotA to eka vyakti ke jJAna aura dUsare vyakti ke jJAna meM koI antara nahIM hotA / eka vyakti ke jJAna kI smRti anya vyakti ko bhI ho jAtI / athavA isa vyakti ke jJAna kA smaraNa use svayaM ko bhI nahIM ho paataa| aisI avasthA meM jJAna ke kSetra meM avyavasthA ho jAtI / ataeva AtmA aura zAna kA kathaMcitra bheda aura kathaMcit abheda mAnanA hI sarvathA ucita hai| tathya yaha hai ki dravya-dRSTi se AtmA aura jJAna kA abheda sambandha haiM / aura paryAya kI apekSA se donoM kA bheda mAnanA cAhiye / dravya ke kitane bheda haiM ? prastuta prazna ke samAdhAna meM kahA gayA hai ki jahA~ taka dravya sAmAnya kA prazna eka hai| vahA~ kisI bhI prakAra kI bheda kalpanA sasu tpanna hI nahIM hai| jo dravya hai, vaha tattva hai aura sat hai / sattA sAmAnya kI dRSTi se cintana kiyA jAya to eka aura aneka sAmAnya aura vizeSa, cetana evaM acetana guNa aura paryAya sabhI eka hai| aneka nahIM hai / ukta dRSTikoNa saMgraha naya kI apekSA se satya hai| saMgraha nava sarvatra abheda dekhatA hai| bheda kI upekSA karake abheda kA jo grahaNa hai vaha saMgraha naya kA pramukha kArya hai| isI sandarbha meM yaha tathya bhI jJAtavya hai ki abhedagrAhI saMgraha naya bheda kA niSedha nahIM karatA hai| apitu bheda ko apane kSetra se bAhara avazya samajhatA hai| prastuta naya kA antima viSaya sattA sAmAnya hai| hara dravya sat hai / sattA [ 33

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sAmAnya kA jo grahaNa hai vaha ekatA kA antima sopAna dravyoM meM dharmAstikAya dravya gati kA sahAyaka kAraNa hai hai| jahA~ samUce bheda bheda-rUpa se sat hote huye bhI aura adharmAstikAya dravya sthiti kA hai| isa gati aura abheda rUpa se pratibhAsita hote haiN| sattA bhedoM ko vinaSTa sthiti kA AdhAra AkAzAstikAya dravya hai aura usa nahIM karatI hai apitu unameM sadbhAva aura ekatva meM lagane vAle samaya kA bodhaka kAla dravya hai| yaha gati saMsthApita karatI hai, bheda ke rahate hue bhI abheda aura sthiti rUpa kriyA karane vAle do dravya haiM-eka hai kA saMdarzana hotA hai anekatA meM bhI ekatA dRSTi- jIvAstikAya aura dUsarA hai pudglaastikaay| hama jo gocara hotI hai| isa dRSTi se dravya athavA tattva eka hai| kucha bhI vividhatAeM aura vicitratAe~ dekhate haiM, ve sabhI yadi hama dvaita-dRSTi se cintana karate haiM to dravya ko jIva evaM pudgala dravya para AdhArita haiN| inake dvArA do rUpoM meM dekha sakate haiN| ye do rUpa isa prakAra haiM loka-vyavasthA kA cakra calatA rahatA hai| ye sabhI dravya anAdi-ananta haiN| jIva aura ajIva / caitanya dharma vAlA 'jIva' hai aura usase sarvathA viparIta 'ajIpa' hai| isa prakAra samUcA chahoM dravyoM meM AkAza dravya sarvatra vyApaka hai aura loka do vibhAgoM meM vibhakta ho jAtA hai| jIva aura anya dravya usake vyApya haiN| AkAza dharma-adharma Adi ajIva ke anya bheda karane para dravya ke chaH bheda ho jAte zeSa pA~ca dravyoM ke sAtha bhI rahatA hai aura unake atirikta haiN| jIva dravya arUpI hai, amUrta hai| ajIva dravya ke unase bAhara bhI rahatA hai| vaha ananta hai| ataH AkAza do bheda haiM-rUpI aura aruupii| pudagala rUpI dravya hai| ke jitane vibhAga meM chaho dravya rahate haiM, usako loka kahA arUpI ajIva dravya ke cAra bheda haiM-dharmAstikAya, adharmA- jAtA hai| loka ke atirikta zeSa ananta AkAza stikAya, AkAzAstikAya aura kAla / ina chaH dravyoM meM aloka haiN| prathama ke pA~ca dravya astikAya haiM aura kAla dravya ana- yaha samUcA loka zAzvata hai, akSaya hai, avyaya hai, stikAya hai| avasthita hai| isa loka ko kisI ne banAyA nahIM hai aura ___ astikAya kA abhiprAya hai-pradeza-bahutva / asti na koI isakA rakSaka hai, na nAzaka hai| kintu yaha anAdi aura kAya ina do zabdoM se astikAya zabda nirmita huA hai, jIva aura ajIva se vyApta hai| yadyapi lokAkAza aura hai| 'asti' kA zabdArtha hai-vidyamAna honA aura alokAkAza kI sImA-vibhAjana karane ke liye donoM ke kAya kA artha hai-pradezoM kA samUha / jahA~ aneka pradezoM madhya koI rekhA-vizeSa khIMcI huI nahIM hai tathApi eka kA samUha hotA hai use 'astikAya' kahate haiN| ukta prAkRtika bheda avazya hai| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya chahoM dravyoM ke samuccaya ko loka kahA gayA hai| loka Adi dravya jitane AkAza ke kSetra meM vidyamAna haiM utane kA aisA koI vibhAga nahIM hai jahA~ para yaha dravya na kSetra ko lokAkAza kahA gayA hai aura usake atirikta zeSa ho| sabhI dravyoM ke liye loka AdhArabhUta hai| isI ananta AkAza ko alokAkAza kahA jAtA hai| AkAza sandarbha meM eka cintanIya prazna khar3A hotA hai ki loka dravya meM dharma-adharma Adi dravyoM ko avakAza dene ke guNa kA svarUpa SaDdravyAtmaka kyoM hai ? kyA inake atirikta ko eka udAharaNa ke dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| jaise anya koI dravya nahIM hai ? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki isa ghar3A hai, usameM jala bharA hai| usa jalapUrNa ghaTa meM itanI carAcara vizva meM pramukha dravya do haiM-jIva aura ajiiv| bhI jagaha nahIM hai ki anya koI vastu DAlane para usameM ve sthira bhI haiM aura gatizIla bhI haiN| yaha sthiti aura samA jaae| lekina yadi usameM muTThI bhara zakkara DAla gati binA AdhAra ke nahIM ho sktii| jIva evaM pudgala / dI jAe to vaha bhI usameM samA jAtI hai aura jala kA kI gati aura sthiti Adi ke kAraNa kyA hai ? ina kAraNoM stara bhI utanA hI banA rahatA hai| prazna ubuddha hotA kI vivecanA hI samUcA loka hai aura una sabhI kAraNoM ko hai ghar3A jaba jala se bharA hai to zakkara ko samAne ke liye saMlakSya meM rakhakara hI chaH dravya mAne gaye haiN| ina chahoM ghaTa meM sthAna kahA~ se AyA? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki 34 ]

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ghar3e meM pAnI bharA hai, para usa jala meM bhI AkAza hai| isa samUce loka ke adhaH, madhya aura Urdhva yaha tIna vaha AkAza hI anya vastuoM ko avakAza detA hai / ata- vibhAga hone kA madhya bindu meru parvata ke mUla meM hai| isa eva zakkara ke udAharaNa ke anusAra dharma-adharma pudgala madhyaloka ke bIcobIca jambUdvIpa hai aura jambUdvIpa ke bhI Adi dravya bhI AkAza meM avakAza dene ke kAraNa ava- madhya meM meru parvata hai jisakA pAyA 'jamIna meM eka sthita hai| hajAra yojana aura Upara jamIna para 66000 yojana U~cA isa SaDdravyAtmaka loka kA AkAra 'supratiSThaka hai| jamIna ke samatala bhAga para isakI lambAI-caur3AI saMsthAna' vAlA hai| jamIna para eka sakorA ulaTA, usa cAroM dizAoM meM dasa hajAra yojana kI hai / para dUsarA sakorA sIdhA aura usa para tIsarA sakorA meru parvata ke pAye ke eka hajAra yojana meM nau sau ulaTA rakhane se jo AkAra bana jAtA hai vahI loka kA yojana ke nIce adholoka prArambha ho jAtA hai aura sAtaveM AkAra hotA hai| loka ke isa AkAra kA kathana anya naraka taka kA loka 'adholoka' hai| adholoka ke Upara rUpaka ke dvArA bhI samajhAyA gayA hai| jaise ki isa loka 1800 yojana taka 'madhyaloka' hai| madhyaloka ke Upara kA AkAra kaTi-pradeza para hAtha rakhakara tathA peroM ko kA sabhI kSetra mukti sthAna paryanta 'Urdhva loka' hai| ina pasAra kara nRtya karane vAle vyakti ke samAna hai| ataH tInoM lokoM meM adholoka evaM Urdhvaloka ina donoM kI loka ko puruSAkAra kI upamA se upamita kiyA gayA hai| U~cAI, caur3AI se adhika hai tathA madhyaloka meM U~cAI prathama rUpaka meM auMdhe sakore para dUsare sIdhe aura tIsare kI apekSA lambAI-caur3AI adhika hai| kyoMki madhyaloka auMdhe sakore ke rakhane se banane vAlI AkRti sugamatA se kI U~cAI to kevala 1800 yojana-pramANa aura lambAIsamajha meM A jAtI hai aura yaha auMdhe aura phira sIdhe aura caur3AI eka rajU pramANa hai| phira ulaTe sakore ke rakhane se banane vAle AkAra se loka ke adholoka, madhyaloka evaM Urdhvaloka ke AkAra kA pari- sArapUrNa zabdoM meM yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jahA~ bodha bhI saralatA se ho jAtA hai| prathama ulaTe rakhe huye hama rahate haiM vaha loka hai| loka kA sadabhAva aloka sakore ke samAna adholoka hai,Upara sakarA aura nIce caur3A ke abhAva meM nahIM ho sktaa| ataH aloka bhI hai| loka dUsare sIdhe rakhe huye sakore ke tala bhAga ke sadRza madhyaloka aura aloka kA vibhAjana navIna nahIM hai, zAzvata hai, aura usase lekara pA~caveM devaloka taka kA bhAga nIce nitya hai, dhrava hai aura unake vibhAjana ke jo tattva haiM ve sakarA aura Upara caur3A hai tathA dvitIya ke Upara rakhe gaye zAzvata haiN| yaha eka jJAtavya tathya hai ki kRtrima padArtha tRtIya ulaTe sakore ke samAna pA~caveM devaloka se lekara se zAzvatika vastu kA vibhAjana nahIM ho sktaa| chahoM sarvArthasiddha vimAna taka kA AkAra hai / dravya zAzvatika hai, anAdi nidhAna hai|

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pariNAma hai / 2 prAcIna sAhitya meM zarIra ke varNa, ANavika AbhA aura usase prabhAvita hone vAle vicAra ina tInoM arthoM meM lezyA para vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| zarIra kA varNa aura ANavika AbhA ko dravya lezyA kahA jAtA hai aura vicAra ko bhAva lezyA / 4 dravya lezyA pudgala hai| pudgala hone se vaijJAnika sAdhanoM ke dvArA bhI unheM jAnA jA sakatA hai aura prANI meM yoga pravRtti se hone vAle bhAvoM ko bhI samajha sakate haiN| dravya lezyA ke pudagaloM para varNa kA prabhAva adhika hotA hai| ve pudgala karma, dravya-kaSAya, dravya-mana, dravya-bhASA ke pudgaloM se sthUla haiM lezyA : eka vizleSaNa kintu audArika-zarIra, ve kriya-zarIra, zabda, rUpa, rasa, -sAhitya vAcaspati zrI devendra muni zAstrI gandha Adi se sUkSma haiN| ye pudgala AramA ke prayoga meM Ane vAle pudgala haiM ataH inheM prAyogika pudgala kahate lezyA jaina-darzana kA eka pAribhASika zabda hai| haiN| yaha satya hai ki ye pudgala AtmA se nahIM ba~dhate haiM, jaina-darzana ke karma siddhAnta ko samajhane meM lezyA kA kintu inake abhAva meM karmabandhana kI prakriyA bhI nahIM mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| isa virATa vizva meM pratyeka saMsArI hotii| AtmA meM pratipala pratikSaNa hone vAlI pravRtti se sUkSma karma AtmA jisake sahayoga se karma meM lipta hotI hai, vaha padagaloMkA AkarSaNa hotA hai| jaba ve pudgala snigdhatA va lezyA hai| lezyA kA vyApaka dRSTi se arthaM karanA cAheM to rukSatA ke kAraNa AtmA ke sAtha ekameva ho jAte haiM taba isa prakAra kara sakate haiM ki pudgala dravyake saMyoga se hone unheM jaina darzana meM 'karma' kahA jAtA hai| vAle jIvake pariNAma aura jIvakI vicAra zakti ko prabhAlezyA eka prakAra kA paudgalika paryAvaraNa hai / jIva vita karane vAle pudgala dravya aura saMsthAna ke hetubhUta varNa se pudgala aura pudgala se jIva prabhAvita hote haiN| jIva aura kAnti / bhagavatI sUtra meM jIva aura ajIva donoM kI ko prabhAvita karane vAle pudgaloM ke aneka samUha haiM / unane Atma-pariNati ke lie lezyA zabda vyavahRta huA hai / se eka samUha kA nAma lezyA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI vRhat jaise cUnA aura gobara se dIvAra kA lepana kiyA jAtA hai vRtti meM lezyA kA artha ANavika AbhA, kAnti, prabhA vaise hI AtmA puNya-pApa yA zubha aura azubha karmoM se aura chAyA kiyA hai| mUlArAdhanA meM zivArya ne likhA lopI jAtI hai arthAta jisake dvArA karma AtmA meM lipta hai 'lezyA chAyA pudgaloM se prabhAvita hone vAle jIva ho jAte hai vaha lezyA hai|5 1 bRhada vRtti, patra 650 / lezayati zleSayatIvAtmani jananayananiti lezyA-atIva cakSurAkSepikAsnigdhadIpta rupA chaayaa| 2 mUlArAdhanA, 7/1607 / jaba bAhiralessAo, kiNhAdIo dhvati purisassa / abbhantaralessAo, tahakiNhAdIya purisassa // (ka) gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa, gAthA 464 / vapaNodayeNa jaNido sarIravaNNo du davvado lessaa| sA soDhA kiNhAdI aNeyabheyA sabheyeNa // (kha) uttarAdhyayana niyukti, gAthA 5.36 / 4 uttarAdhyayana niyukti, gAthA 540 / 5 gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa, gAthA 486, 50 sa0 (prA0) 1/142-3 /

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digambara AcArya vIrasena ke zabdoM meM 'AtmA aura gaNadhara gautama ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se jijJAsA kIkarma kA sambandha karAne vAlI pravRtti lezyA hai / ' 6 mithyAtva bhagavan ! bANa ke jIvoM ko mArga meM jAte samaya kitanI avata, kaSAya, pramAda aura yoga ke dvArA karmoM kA sambandha kriyAe~ lagatI haiM ? usake hara eka avayava kI kitanI AtmA se hotA hai / kyA ve hI lezyA haiM ? pUjyapAda ne kriyAe~ hotI haiM ? uttara meM bhagavAna ne kahA-gautama, sarvArtha siddhi meM kaSAyoM ke udaya se anuraMjita mana, vacana cAra-pA~ca kriyAe~ hotI haiN| kyoMki mArga meM jAte samaya mArgavI jIvoM ko vaha saMtrasta karatA hai| vANa ke prahAra rAjavAtika meM akalaMka ne bhI usI kA anusaraNa se ve jIva atyanta sikaDa jAte haiN| prastuta santApakAraka kiyA hai| sthiti meM jIva ko cAra kriyAe~ lagatI haiM, yadi prANAti__ sAra yaha hai ki kevala kaSAya aura yoga lezyA nahIM pAta ho jAya to pA~ca kriyAe~ lagatI haiN| yahI sthiti hai, kintu kaSAya aura yoga donoM hI usake kAraNa haiN| tejo-lezyA kI bhI hai| usameM bhI cAra-pA~ca kriyAe~ isalie lezyA kA antarbhAva na to yoga meM kiyA jA lagatI haiN| aSTaspazI pudgala-dravya mArgavatI jIvoM ko sakatA hai aura na kaSAya meN| kyoMki ina donoM ke saMyoga udvega na kare, yaha asvAbhAvika hai| bhagavatI meM skandaka se eka tIsarI avasthA samutpanna hotI hai jese zarabata / mani kA 'avihilezya' yaha vizeSaNa hai jisakA artha hai kitane hI AcArya mAnate haiM ki lezyA meM kaSAya kI pradhA- unakI lezyA yAni manovRtti saMyama se bAhara nahIM hai|11 natA nahIM apitu yoga kI pradhAnatA hotI hai kyoMki kevalI AcArAMga ke prathama zrataskandha meM zraddhA kA utkarSa pratimeM kaSAya kA abhAva hotA hai, kintu yoga kI sattA rahatI pAdita karate hue manoyoga ke artha meM lezyA kA prayoga hai, isalie usameM zukla lezyA hai| huA hai| ziSya guru kI dRSTi kA anugamana kare / SaT khaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM lezyA ke sambandha unakI lezyA meM vicare arthAta unake vicAroM kA anumeM nirdeza, varNa, pariNAma, saMkrama, karma, lakSaNa, gati, gamana kare / 12 prajJApanA, jIvAbhigama, uttarAdhyayana, svAmI, sAdhana, saMkhyA, kSetra, sparzana, kAla, antara, bhAva, jambUdvIpa prajJapti Adi Agama sAhitya meM lezyA zabda kA alpa-bahutva prabhRti adhikAroM ke dvArA cintana kiyA hai| prayoga varNa prabhA aura raMga ke artha meM bhI huA hai| prajJAAgama sAhitya meM aTThAisa labdhiyoM kA varNana hai| unameM panA meM devoM ke divya prabhAva kA varNana karate hue dyuti, eka tejas labdhi hai| tejolezyA ajIva hai| tejo- prabhA, jyoti, chAyA, aci aura lezyA zabda kA prayoga lezyA ke pudgaloM meM jisa prakAra lAla prabhA aura kAnti huA hai / 13 isI prakAra nArakIya jIvoM ke azubha karma hotI hai vaisI hI kAnti tejasa labdhi ke prayoga karane vAle vipAkoM ke sambandha meM gautama ne jijJAsA prastuta kIpudgaloM meM bhI hotI hai| isI dRSTi se tejas-labdhi ke kyA sabhI nArakIya jIva eka sadaza lezyA aura eka sadRza sAtha lezyA zabda bhI prayukta huA hai| varNa vAle hote haiM yA asamAna ? samAdhAna karate hue 6 dhavalA, 7, 2, 1, sU0 3, pR07 / . sarvArthasiddhi. 2/B. tatvArtha rAjavArtika 2/6/8 / 8 tattvArtha rAjavArtika, 2, 6, 8, pR0 106 / ' dhavalA, 1, 1, 1, 4, pR0 146 / 10 tatteNaM se usu uDaDhaM behAsaM uvihie samANe jAI tattha pANAI abhihaNaI vatteti lessetti-bhaga0 2/5, u06 / 11 avihillese, bhagavatI, 2-2, u01 / 12 AcArAMga, a0 5 / 13 prajJApanA, pada 2 / [ 37 .

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA-sabhI jIva samAna lezyA aura haiN| kaSAya hone para lezyA meM cAroM prakAra ke bandha samAna varNa vAle nahIM hote / jo jIva pahale naraka meM utpanna hote haiN| prakRti bandha aura pradeza bandha kA sambandha yoga hue haiM ve pazcAta utpanna hone vAle jIvoM kI apekSA se hai aura sthiti bandha aura anubhAga bandha kA sambandha vizuddha varNa vAle aura lezyA vAle hote haiN| isakA kAraNa kaSAya se hai| jaba kaSAya janya bandha hotA hai taba leNyAeM nArakIya jIvoM ke aprazasta varNa nAma karma kI prakRti tIvra kama sthiti vAlI hotI hai| kevala yoga meM sthiti aura anubhAga vAlI hotI hai jisakA vipAka bhava sApekSya hai| anubhAga nahIM hotA, jese terahaveM guNasthAnavI arihantoM jo jIva pahale utpanna hue haiM inhoMne bahuta sAre vipAka ke IryApathika kriyA hotI hai, kintu sthiti, kAla aura ko pA liyA hai, svalpa avaroSa hai| jo bAda meM utpanna anubhAga nahIM hotaa| jo do samaya kA kAla batAyA gayA hue haiM unheM adhika bhoganA hai| etadartha pUrvotpanna vizuddha hai vaha kAla vastutaH grahaNa karane kA aura utsarga kA kAla haiM aura pazcAdutpanna avizuddha haiN| isI taraha jinhoMne hai| vaha sthiti aura anubhAga kA kAla nahIM hai| aprazasta lezyA-dravyoM ko adhika mAtrA meM bhogA hai ve tRtIya abhimatAnusAra lezyA dravya yogavargaNA ke vizuddha haiM aura jinake adhika zeSa haiM ve avizuddha lezyA antargata svatantra dravya hai| binA yoga ke lezyA nahIM vAle haiN| hotii| lezyA aura yoga meM paraspara anvaya aura vyatireka hama pUrva likha cuke haiM ki lezyA ke do bheda haiM- sambandha hai| lezyA ke yoga nimitta meM do vikalpa dravya aura bhAva / dravyalezyA pudgala vizeSAtmaka hai / isake samutpanna hote haiN| kyA lezyA ko yogAntargata dravya rUpa svarUpa ke sambandhameM mukhya rUpa se tIna mAnyatAeM prApta haiM- mAnanA cAhie ? athavA yoga nimitta karma dravya rUpa ? karmavargaNA niSpanna, karma nisyanda aura yogapariNAma / 14 yadi vaha lezyA dravya-karma rUpa hai to ghAtIkarma dravya rUpa hai uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke TIkAkAra zAMtisari kA abhi ____ yA aghAtI karma dravya rUpa hai ? lezyA ghAtIkarma dravya rUpa nahIM hai| kyoMki ghAtI karma naSTa ho jAne para bhI lezyA mata hai ki dravya lezyA kA nirmANa karmavargaNA se hotA hai| hotI hai| yadi lezyA ko aghAtI karma dravya svarUpa mAne yaha dravya lezyA karmarUpa hai tathApi vaha ATha karmoM se pRthak hai, jaise ki kArmaNa shriir| yadi leyA ko karmavargaNA to aghAtI karmoM vAloM meM bhI sarvatra lezyA nahIM hai / caudahaveM guNasthAna meM aghAtI karma hai, kintu vahAM lezyA niSpanna na mAnA jAya to vaha karma sthiti vidhAyaka nahIM kA abhAva hai| isalie yoga-dravya ke antargata hI dravya bana sktii| karma lezyA kA sambandha nAmakarma ke sAtha svarUpa lezyA mAnanA caahie| hai| usakA sambandha zarIra racanA sambandhI pudgaloM se hai| usakI eka prakRti zarIra nAmakarma hai| zarIra nAma lezyA se kaSAyoM kI vRddhi hotI hai ; kyoMki yoga karma ke pudgaloM kA eka samUha karma leNyA hai / 15 dravyoM meM kaSAya bar3hAne kA sAmarthya hai| prajJApanA kI TIkA meM AcArya ne likhA hai-karmoM ke dravya vipAka hone vAle dUsarI mAnyatA kI dRSTi se lezyA dravya karma nisyanda aura udaya meM Ane vAle donoM prayatnoM se prabhAvita hote rUpa hai / yahAM para nisyanda rUpa kA tAtparya bahate hue karma- haiN| dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva apanA kartRtva dikhAte pravAha se hai| codahaveM guNa sthAna meM kama kI sattA hai, haiN| jise pitta-vikAra ho usakA krodha bar3ha jAtA hai| pravAha hai| kintu vahA~ para lezyA nahIM hai| vahA~ para naye brAhmI kA sevana jJAnAvaraNa ko kama karane meM sahAyaka hai| karmoM kA Agamana nahIM hotaa| madirApAna se jJAnAvaraNa kA udaya hotA hai| dahI ke ___ kaSAya aura yoga ye karma bandhana ke do mukhya kAraNa sevana se nidrA kI abhivRddhi hotI hai| nidrA jo darzanA14 prajJA0 pada 17 TIkA, pR0 333 / 15 karma dravyalezyA iti sAmAnyA'bhidhAne'pi zarIra nAmakarma dravyaSyeva karma dravya leshyaa| kArmaNa zarIravat pRthageva kASTakAta karma vargaNA niSpannAni kama lezyA dravyAnIti tattvaM punH| uttarA0, a0 34 TI0, pR. 650 / 38 ]

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varaNa kA audayika phala hai| ataH spaSTa hai kaSAyodaya meM para lezyA bhI hai, tathApi sthiti kA bandhana nahIM hotA anuraMjita yoga pravRtti hai| (lezyA) sthitipAka meM hai| prazna hai-samucchinna zukla dhyAna ko dhyAte hue sahAyaka hotI hai| caudahaveM guNa sthAna meM cAra karma vidyamAna haiM tathApi vahAM gommaTasAra meM AcArya nemicandra ne yoga-pariNAma para lezyA nahIM hai| uttara hai-jo AtmAe~ karma yukta svarUpa lezyA kA varNana kiyA hai / 17 AcArya pUjyapAda haiM una sabhI ke karma-pravAha cAlU hI raheM. aisA niyama nahIM ne sarvArtha siddhi meM '8 aura gommaTasAra ke jIva kANDa hai| yadi isa prakAra mAnA jAyegA to yoga pariNAma khaNDa meM kaSAyodaya anuraMjita yoga pravRti ko lezyA lezyA kA artha hogA yoga hI lezyA hai| kintu isa kahA hai| prastuta paribhASA ke anusAra dasaveM guNa sthAna prakAra nahIM hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM sUrya ke binA kiraNe taka hI lezyA ho sakatI hai| prastuta paribhASA apekSAkRta nahIM hotI; kintu isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM ki kiraNeM hI hone se pUrva kI paribhASA se viruddha nahIM hai| aba hama sUrya haiN| tAtparya yaha hai bahatA huA jo karma pravAha hai saMkSepa meM tInoM paribhASAoM ke sambandha meM cintana kreNge| vahI lezyA kA upAdAna kAraNa hai| __ prathama karmavargaNAniSpanna lezyA ko mAnane vAlI tRtIya yoga-pariNAma lezyA karma nisyanda svabhAva yukta eka paramparA thI, kintu isa para vistAra ke sAtha likhA nahIM hai| yadi isa prakAra mAnA jAyegA to Ipithika huA sAhitya upalabdha nahIM hai| mArga sthiti bandha binA kAraNa kA hogaa| Agama sAhitya dvitIya karma nisyanda lezyA mAnane vAle AcArgAne meM hI samaya sthiti vAle antamahUrta kAla ko bhI nirdhArita yoga-pariNAma lezyA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| inakA kAla mAnA hai| ataH sthiti bandha kA kAraNa kaSAya mantavya hai ki lezyA yoga-pariNAma nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki ' nahIM apitu lezyA hai| jahA~ para kaSAya rahatA hai vahA~ karmabandha ke do kAraNoM meM se yoga ke dvArA pravRtti aura para tAna para tIvra bandhana hotA hai| sthiti bandha kI paripakvatA pradeza kA hI bandha ho sakatA hai. sthiti aura anabhAga kA kaSAya se hotI hai| ataH karma pravAha ko lezyA mAnanA bandha nahIM ho sktaa| jabaki Agama sAhitya meM sthiti taka saMgata nahIM hai| kA lezyA kAla pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, vaha isa karmoM ke karmasAra aura karma-asAra ye do rUpa haiN| paribhASA ko mAnane se ghaTa nahIM skegaa| ataH karma prazna haiM -karmoM ke asAra bhAva ko nisyanda mAnate haiM to nisyanda lezyA mAnanA hI tarka saMgata hai / 20 jahA~ para asAra karma prakRti se lezyA ke utkRSTa anubhAga bandha kA lezyA kI sthiti kAla kA bandhana hotA hai vahA~ para cAroM kAraNa kisa prakAra hogA ? aura yadi karmoM ke sAra bhAva kA bandha hogaa| jahA~ para kaSAya kA abhAva hai vahA~ para ko nisyanda kaheMge to ATha karmoM meM se kisa karma ke sAra yoga ke dvArA do kA hI bandhana hogaa| upazAnta moha bhAva ko kheN| yadi ATho hI karmoM kA mAnA jAya aura kSINa moha AtmAoM meM karma-pravAha prArambha hai, vahAM to jahAM para karmoM ke vipAka kA varNana hai vahAM para kisI 16 prajJApanA, 17 TIkA, pR0 330 / 17 ayadotticha lessAo, sahatiyalessAhu desa virada tiye| tatto sukkA lessA, ajogiThANaM alessaM tu // -gommaTasAra, jIva kANDa, 532 18 bhAvalezyA kaSAyodayaraMjitAyogapravRttiritikRtyA audayikItyucyate / -sarvArtha siddhi, a0 2, suu02| 1. jogapautI lessA kaSAyaudayANuraMjiyA hoi / 'tatto doNaM kajja bandhacaukkaM samuddi tthN|| -gommaTasAra, jIva kANDa, 460 20 (ka) uttarAdhyayana, a0 34 TI0, pR0 650 / (kha) prajJApanA, 17, pR0, 331 / 21 uttarAdhyayana, a0 34, pR0 650 /

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bhI karma kA lezyA ke rUpa meM vipAka kA pratipAdana nahIM (3) kApotalezyA azuddha kliSTa huA hai| etadartha yoga pariNAma ko hI lezyA mAnanA (4) tejasa lezyA zuddha / akliSTa cAhie / 22 upAdhyAya vinaya vijayajI ne loka-prakAza meM (5) padama lezyA zuddhatara akliSTatara isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai / 23 (6) zuklalezyA zuddhatama akliSTatama bhAvalezyA AtmA kA pariNAma vizeSa hai, jo saMkleza prastuta azuddhi aura zuddhi kA AdhAra kevala nimitta aura yoga ke anugata hai| saMkleza ke jaghanya, madhyama, hI nahIM apitu nimitta aura upAdAna donoM haiN| azaddhi utkRSTa ; tIvra, tIvratara, tIvratama ; manda, mandatara, mandatama kA upAdAna kaSAya kI tIvratA hai aura usake nimitta Adi vividha bheda hone se bhAva lezyA ke aneka prakAra haiM; kRSNa, nIla, kA pota raMgavAle pudgala haiM aura zaddhi kA tathApi saMkSepa meM use 6 bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai / arthAta upAdAna kaSAya kI mandatA hai aura usake nimitta rakta, mana ke pariNAma zuddha aura azuddha donoM hI prakAra ke hote pIta aura zveta raMga vAle pudgala haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM haiM aura unake nimitta bhI zubha aura azubha donoM hI prakAra lezyA kA nAma, varNa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza, pariNAma, lakSaNa, ke hote haiN| nimitta apanA prabhAva dikhAtA hai jisase sthAna. sthiti, gati aura Ayu ina gyAraha prakAra se mana ke pariNAma usase prabhAvita hote haiN| donoM kA pAra lezyA para cintana kiyA hai / 26 sparika sambandha hai| nimitta ko dravyalezyA aura mana ke ___AcArya akalaMka ne tattvArtharAjavArtika 27 meM lezyA pariNAma ko bhAva lezyA kahA hai| jo pudgala nimitta banate haiM, unameM varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza sabhI hote haiM para (1) nirdeza (2) varNa (3) pariNAma (4) saMkrama tathApi unakA nAmakaraNa varNa ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA (5) karma (6) lakSaNa (7) gati (8) svAmitva (6) sAdhanA hai| sambhava hai gandha, rasa aura sparza kI apekSA varNa mAnava . (10) saMkhyA (11) kSetra (12) sparzana (13) kAla ko adhika prabhAvita karatA hai| kRSNa, nIla aura kapota (14) antara (15) bhAva (16) alpa bahutva ina solaha prakAroM se cintana kiyA hai| ye tIna raMga azubha haiM aura ina raMgoM se prabhAvita hone vAlI lezyAe~ bhI azubha mAnI gayI haiM aura unheM adharma-lezyAeM jitane bhI sthala paramANu skandha haiM ve sabhI prakAra ke kahA gayA hai / 24 tejas, padma aura zukla ye tIna varNa raMgoM aura uparaMgoM vAle hote haiN| mAnava kA zarIra sthUla zubha haiM aura unase prabhAvita hone vAlI lezyAe~ bhI zubha skandha vAlA hai| ataH usameM sabhI raMga hai| raMga hone haiN| isalie tIna lezyAoM ko dharma lezyA kahA hai / 25 se vaha bAhya raMgoM se prabhAvita hotA hai aura usakA prabhAva azuddhi aura zuddhi kI dRSTi se 6 lezyAoM kA vargI- mAnava ke mAnasa para bhI par3atA hai| etadartha hI bhagavAna karaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai mahAvIra ne sabhI prANiyoM ke prabhAva va zakti kI dRSTi se (1) kRSNa lezyA azuddhatama kliSTatama zarIra aura vicAroM ko chaH bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai (2) nIlalezyA azuddhatara kliSTatara aura vahI lezyA hai| 22 (ka) na lezyA sthiti hetavaH kintu kaSAyAH lezyAstu kaSAyodayAntargatAH anubhAga hetavaH ataeva ca sthiti pAka vizeSatasya bhavati lezyA vizeSaNa / -uttarAdhyayana, 34, pR0 650 / (kha) prajJApattA, 17, pR0 331 / 23 lesANAM nikkhevo ca ukao duviho u hoI naayvyo| -loka prakAza, 534 uttarAdhyayana, 34/56 / uttarAdhyayana, 34/57 / 26 uttarAdhyayana, 34/3 / 27 tattvArtharAjavArtika, 16, pR0 238 / 40 ]

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DaoN0 harmana jekobI ne likhA hai jenoM ke lezyAoM ke hai| vastra kama karanA aura vastroM kA pUrNa tyAga kara denA siddhAnta meM tathA gozAlaka ke mAnavoM ko chaH vibhAgoM meM abhijAtiyoM kI zreSThatA va jyeSThatA kA kAraNa hai| vibhakta karane vAle siddhAnta meM samAnatA hai| isa bAta apane pradhAna ziSya Ananda se tathAgata buddha ne kahAko sarvaprathama prophesara lyumena ne pakar3A; para isa sambandha meM maiM bhI chaH abhijAtiyoM kA pratipAdana karatA huuN| hai merA vizvAsa hai jainoM ne yaha siddhAnta AjIvikoM se liyA aura use parivartita kara apane siddhAntoM ke sAtha samanvita 1 koI vyakti kRSNAbhijAtika (nIca kula meM paidA huA) ho aura kRSNa dharma (pApakRtya) karatA hai| kara diyaa|28 pro0 lyumena tathA DaoN. harmana jekobI ne mAnavoM kA 2 koI vyakti kRSNAbhijAtika ho aura zukla dharma karatA hai| cha: prakAra kA vibhAjana gozAlaka dvArA mAnA hai, para aMguttaranikAya se spaSTa hotA hai ki prastuta vibhAjana 3 koI vyakti kRSNA bhijAtika ho aura akRSNagozAlakadvArA nahIM apitu pUraNakazyapake dvArA kiyA gayA azukA azakla nirvANa ko samutpanna karatA hai| thaa|29 dIghanikAya meM chaH tIrthaMkaroM kA ullekha hai, 4 koI vyakti zuklAbhijAtika ( ucca kula meM unameM puraNakazyapa bhI eka haiM jinhone raMgoM ke samutpanna huA) ho tathA zukla dharma (puNya) karatA hai| AdhAra para cha: abhijAtiyAM nizcita kI thiiN| ve isa 5 koI vyakti zuklAbhijAtika ho aura kRSNa dharma prakAra haiM karatA hai| 1 kRSNAbhijAti-krUra karma karane vAle saukarika, 6 koI vyakti zuklA bhijAtika ho aura azuklazAkunika prabhRti jIvoM kA samUha / akRSNa nirvANa ko samutpanna karatA hai|32 2 nIlAbhijAti-boddha zramaNa aura kucha anya kama- prastuta vargIkaraNa janma aura karma ke AdhAra para kiyA vAdI, kriyAvAdI bhikSuoM kA samUha / gayA hai| isa vargIkaraNa meM cANDAla, niSAda Adi jAtiyoM 3 lohitAbhijAti-eka zATaka nirgranthoM kA smuuh| ko zukla kahA hai| kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika 4 haridrAbhijAti-zveta vastradhArI yA nirvastra / jo duzcaraNa haiM ve kRSNa dharma haiM aura unakA jo zreSTha 5 zuklA bhijAti-AjIvaka zramaNa-zramaNiyoM kA AcaraNa hai vaha zukla dharma hai para nirvANa na kRSNa hai, na samUha / zukla hai| 6 parama zuklAbhijAti-AjIvaka AcArya, nanda, isa vargIkaraNa kA uddezya hai nIca jAti meM samutpanna vatsa, kRSa, sAMskRtya maskarI gozAlaka prabhRti kA vyakti bhI zukla dharma kara sakatA hai aura ucca kula meM utpanna vyakti bhI kRSNadharma karatA hai| dharma aura nirvANa Ananda kI jijJAsA para tathAgata buddha ne kahA--ye kA sambandha jAti se nahIM hai| chaH abhijAtiyA~ avyakta vyakti dvArA kiyA huA prati- prastuta vizleSaNa se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki pUraNakazyapa pAdana hai| prastuta vargIkaraNa kA mUla AdhAra acelatA aura tathAgata buddha ne chaH abhijAtiyoM kA jo vargIkaraNa 28 Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XLV, Introduction p.xxx. 29 aMguttaranikAya, 6-6-3, bhAga 3, pR063 / 30 dIghanikAya, 1/2, pR016, 20 / 31 aMguttaranikAya, 6/6/3, bhAga 3, pR0 35, 63-64 | 32 (ka) aMguttaranikAya, 6/6/3, bhAga 3, pR0 63-64 / (kha) dIghanikAya, 3/10, pR0 225 / samUha /

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kiyA hai usakA sambandha lezyA ke sAtha nahIM hai / lezyAoM ki jaina darzana ne yaha varNana mahAbhArata se liyA hai / kyoMki kA jo sambandha hai vaha eka-eka vyakti se hai| vicAroM anya darzanoM ne bhI raMga ke prabhAva kI carcA kI hai| para ko prabhAvita karane vAlI lezyAeM eka vyakti ke jIvana meM jainAcAryoM ne isa sambandha meM jitanA gaharA cintana kiyA samaya ke anusAra chaH bhI ho sakatI hai| hai itanA anya darzanoM ne nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne to kevala chaH abhijAtiyoM kI apekSA lezyA kA jo vargIkaraNa isakA varNana prAsaMgika rUpa se hI kiyA hai| ataH DaoN0 hai vaha vargIkaraNa mahAbhArata se adhika milatA-julatA hai| hamana jekobI kA yaha mAnanA ki lezyA kA varNana jainiyoM ekabAra sanatkumAra ne dAnavoM ke adhipati vRtrAsura se kahA ne anya paramparAoM se liyA hai, tarkasaMgata nahIM hai| -prANiyoM ke chaH prakAra ke varNa haiM : (1) kRSNa (2) dhUmra kurukSetra ke maidAna meM zrIkRSNa ne gati ke kRSNa aura 3) nIla (4) rakta (5) hAridra ora (6) zakla | kRSNa zakla meM do vibhAga kiye| kRSNa gati vAlA punaH-punaH aura nIla varNa kA sukha madhyama hotA hai| rakta varNa adhika janma-maraNa grahaNa karatA hai, zakla gati vAlA janma aura sahana karane yogya hotA hai| hAridra varNa sukhakara hotA maraNa se mukta ho jAtA hai / 36 dhammapada 37 meM dharma ke do vibhAga kiye haiM-kRSNa aura ___ mahAbhArata meM kahA hai-kRSNa varNa vAle kI gati nIca zukla / paNDita mAnava ko kRSNa dharma kA parityAga kara hotI hai| jina nikRSTa karmoM se jIva naraka meM jAtA hai zukla dharma kA pAlana karanA caahie| vaha una karmoM meM satata Asakta rahatA hai| jo jIva naraka maharSi pataMjali ne karma kI dRSTi se cAra jAtiyAM pratise nikalate haiM unakA varNa dhUmra hotA hai jo raMga pazu-pakSI pAdita kI haiM-(1) kRSNa (2) zakla-kRSNa (3)zakla (4) jAti kA hai| mAnava jAti kA raMga nIlA hai / devoM kA azakla-akRSNa, jo kramazaH azaddhatara, azaddha, zaddha aura raMga rakta hai-ve dUsaroM para anugraha karate haiN| jo viziSTa zaddhatara hai| tIna karmajAtiyAM sabhI jIvoM meM hotI haiM, deva hote haiM unakA raMga hAridra hai| jo mahAna sAdhaka haiM kintu cauthI azakla-akRSNa jAti yogI meM hotI hai / 38 unakA varNa zakla hai|4 anyatra mahAbhArata meM yaha bhI prastuta sUtra para bhASya karate hue likhA hai ki unakA karma likhA hai ki duSkarma karane vAlA mAnava varNa se paribhRSTa kRSNa hotA hai jinakA citta doSa kaluSita yA krUra hai / ho jAtA hai aura puNya karma karane vAlA mAnava varNa ke pIr3A aura anugraha donoM vidhAoM se mizrita karma zaklautkarSa ko prApta karatA hai / 35 kRSNa kahalAtA hai| yaha bAhya sAdhanoM se sAdhya hotA hai / tulanAtmaka dRSTi se hama cintana kareM to sahaja hI tapa, svAdhyAya aura dhyAna meM nirata vyaktiyoM ke karma parijJAta hotA hai ki jaina dRSTi kA lezyA-nirUpaNa aura kevala mana ke adhIna hote haiN| unameM bAhya sAdhanoM kI kisI mahAbhArata kA varNa-vizleSaNa-ye donoM bahuta kucha samA- bhI prakAra kI apekSA nahIM hotI aura na kisI ko pIr3A natA ko liye hue haiM / tathApi yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai dI jAtI hai, etadartha yaha karma zukla kahA jAtA hai| jo 33 SaDa jIvavarNA paramaM pramANaM, kRSNo dhUmro nIlamathAsya madhyam / ___raktaM punaH sahyatara sukhaM tu, hAridravarNa susukhaM ca zuklam / / -mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, 280/33 / 34 mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, 280/34-47 / 35 mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, 261/4-5 / 36 zuklakRSNe gatI hya te, jagataH zAzvate mate / ekayA yAtyanAvRttimanyayA'vartate punH|| -gItA 8/26 / 37 dhammapada, paMDitavaraga, zloka 16 / 38 pAtaJjala yogasUtra, 4/7 / 42 ]

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nAma vega (3) tejas lAla puNya ke phala kI bhI AkAMkSA nahIM karate una kSINa-kleza sattvaguNa se mana kA maila miTa jAtA hai, ataH vaha zakla caramadeha yogiyoM ke azukla-akRSNa karma hotA hai| hai| ziva svarodaya meM likhA hai-vibhinna prakAra prakRti kA vizleSaNa karate hue use zvetAzvatara ke tattvoM ke vibhinna varNa hote haiM, jina vargoM se prANI upaniSad meM lohina, zakla aura kRSNa raMga kA batAyA prabhAvita hotA hai|41 ve mAnate haiM ki mUla meM prANatattva gayA hai / 39 sAMkhya kaumudI meM kahA gayA hai jaba rajoguNa eka hai| aNaoM kI kamI-bezI, kampana vA vega se usake ke dvArA mana moha se raMga jAtA hai taba vaha lohita hai, pAMca vibhAga kiye gaye haiN| jaise: raMga AkAra rasa yA svAda (1) pRthvI alpatara pIlA catuSkoNa madhura (2) jala alpa sapheda yA baiMganI arddha candrAkAra kasailA tIvra trikoNa caraparA (4) vAyu tIvratara nIlA yA AsamAnI gola khaTTA (5) AkAza tIvratama kAlA yA nIlAbha aneka bindu gola kar3avA sarva varNaka mizrita raMga) yA AkAra zUnya jainAcAryoM ne lezyA para gaharA cintana kiyA hai| pUrvApekSayA km| nIle, AsamAnI raMga se prakRti meM unhoMne varNa ke sAtha AtmA ke bhAvoM kA bhI samanvaya zItalatA kA saMcAra hotA hai| hare raMga se na adhika kiyA hai| dravyalezyA paudgalika hai| ataH Adhunika uSmA bar3hatI hai aura na adhika zItalatA kA hI saMcAra vaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI lezyA para cintana kiyA jA hotA hai, apitu sama-zItoSNa rahatA hai| sapheda raMga se sakatA hai| prakRti sadA sama rahatI hai| lezyA : manovijJAna aura padArtha vijJAna raMgoM kA zarIra para bhI adbhuta prabhAva par3atA hai| mAnava kA zarIra, indriyA~ aura mana ye sabhI pudgala lAla raMga se snAyu maNDala meM sphUrti kA saMcAra hotA hai / se nirmita haiN| pudgala meM varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza nIle raMga se snAyavika durbalatA naSTa hotI hai, dhAtukSaya hone se vaha rUpI hai| jaina sAhitya meM varNa ke pA~ca prakAra sambandhI roga miTa jAte haiM tathA hRdaya aura mastiSka meM batAye haiM-kAlA, pIlA, nIlA, lAla aura sapheda / zakti kI abhivRddhi hotI hai| pIle raMga se mastiSka kI Adhunika vijJAna kI dRSTi se sapheda raMga maulika nahIM hai| durbalatA naSTa hokara usameM zakti saMcAra hotA hai, kabja, vaha sAta raMgoM ke milane para banatA hai| unhoMne raMgoM ke yakRta, plIhA ke roga miTa jAte haiN| hare raMga se jJAnasAta prakAra batAye haiN| yaha satya hai ki raMgoM kA prANI tantu va snAyu-maNDala sudRr3ha hote haiM tathA dhAtukSaya sambandhI ke jIvana ke sAtha bahuta hI gaharA sambandha hai| vaijJAnikoM roga naSTa ho jAte haiM / gahare nIle raMga se AmAzaya saMbaMdhI ne bhI parIkSaNa kara yaha siddha kiyA hai ki raMgoM kA prakRti roga miTate haiN| sapheda raMga se nIMda gaharI AtI hai| para, zarIra para aura mana para prabhAva par3atA hai| jaise lAla, nAraMgI raMga se vAyu sambandhI vyAdhiyA~ naSTa ho jAtI hai nAraMgI, gulAbI, bAdAmI raMgoM se mAnava kI prakRti meM aura damA kI vyAdhi bhI zAnta ho jAtI hai / baiganI raMga uSmA bar3hatI hai| pIle raMga se bhI uSmA bar3hatI hai kintu se zarIra kA tApamAna kama ho jAtA hai| 39 ajAmekAM lohita zakla kRSNAM bahavIH prajA sRjamAnAM sarupAH / ...ajo hya ko juSamANo'nuzete, jahAtthenA mukta bhogAma jo'nyH|| -zvetAzvatara upaniSad 4/5 / / 4. sAMkhya kaumudI, pR0 200 / 41 ApaH zvetA kSitiH pItA, raktavarNoM hutAzanaH / mAruto nIlajIbhUtaH, AkAzaH sarvavarNaka / / -ziva svarodaya, bhASA TIkA, zlo0 156, pR042| [ 43

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prakRti aura zarIra para hI nahIM, kintu mana para bhI raMgoM utpanna nahIM karate isalie ve aprazasta va azabha haiM aura kA prabhAva par3atA hai jaise, kAle raMga se mana meM asaMyama, kahIM para acche vicAroM ko utpanna karate haiM, ataH ve hiMsA evaM karatA ke vicAra laharAne lgeNge| nIle raMga prazasta va zabha hai| krodha se agni tattva pradIpta ho jAtA se mana meM IrSyA, asahiSNatA, rasa-lolupatA evaM viSayoM hai, usakA varNa lAla mAnA gayA hai| moha se jala tattva ke prati Asakti va AkarSaNa utpanna hotA hai| kApota kI abhivRddhi ho jAtI hai, usakA varNa sapheda yA baiganI raMga se mana meM vakratA, kuTilatA aMgar3AiyA~ lene lagatI mAnA gayA hai| bhaya se pRthvI tattva pradhAna ho jAtA hai, haiN| aruNa raMga se mana meM RjutA, vinamratA evaM dharma prema isakA varNa pIlA hai| lezyAoM ke varNana meM bhI krodha, kI pavitra bhAvanAeM paidA hotI haiN| pIle raMga se mana meM moha, aura bhaya Adi antara meM rahe hue haiM aura unakA krodha-mAna mAyA-lobha Adi kaSAya naSTa hote haiM aura mAnasa para asara hotA hai| kahIM para zyAma raMga ko bhI sAdhaka ke mana meM indriya vijaya ke bhAva taraMgita hote haiN| prazasta mAnA hai jaise namaskAra mahAmantra ke padoM ke sapheda raMga se mana meM apUrva zAnti tathA jitendriyatA ke sAtha jina raMgoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai usameM 'namo nirmala bhAvoM kA saMcAra hotA hai| loe savvasAhaNaM' kA varNa kRSNa batAyA hai| sAdhu anya dRSTi se bhI raMgoM kA mAnasika vicAroM para jo ke sAtha jo kRSNa varNa kI yojanA kI gayI hai vaha kRSNa prabhAva hotA hai usakA vargIkaraNa cintakoM ne anya rUpa se lezyA jo nikRSTatama cittavRtti ko samutpanna karane hetu aprazasta kRSNa varNa hai usase pRthaka hai, kRSNa lezyA kA jo prastuta kiyA hai, yadyapi vaha dvitIya vargIkaraNa se kucha pRtha kRSNa varNa hai usase sAdhu kA jo kRSNavarNa hai vaha bhinna hai katA lie hai| jaise, AsamAnI raMga se bhakti sambandhI aura prazasta hai| bhAvanAeM jAgrata hotI hai| lAla raMga se kAma-vAsanAeM ubuddha hotI hai| pIle raMga se tArkika zakti kI abhI- pAzcAtya dezoM meM vaijJAnika raMgoM ke sambandha meM vaddhi hotI hai| gulAbI raMga se prema viSayaka bhAvanAeM gambhIra adhyayana kara rahe haiN| kalara theraoNpI raMga ke AdhAra jAgrata hotI hai| hare raMga se mana meM svArtha kI bhAvanAeM para samutpanna huI hai| raMga se mAnava ke citta va zarIra panapatI hai| lAla va kAle raMga kA mizraNa hone para mana kI bhI cikitsA prArambha huI hai jisake pariNAma bhI bahuta meM krodha bhar3akatA hai| acche Aye haiM / 42 jaba hama ina donoM prakAra ke raMgoM ke vargIkaraNa para Adhunika vijJAna kI dRSTi se vidyuta cumbakIya taraMgeM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se cintana karate haiM to aisA jJAta hotA bahuta hI sUkSma haiN| ve virATa vizva meM gati kara rahI haiN| hai ki pratyeka raMga prazasta aura aprazasta do prakAra kA hai| vaijJAnikoM ne vidyuta cumbakIya spekTrama kA sAmAnya rUpa kahIM para lAla, pIle aura sapheda raMga acche vicAroM ko se vibhAjana isa prakAra se kiyA hai : reDiyo taraMgeM sUkSma taraMgeM avarakta dRzyamAna | parA baiganI eksa-re gAmA kiraNe taraMga dairghya prastuta cArTa se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki vizva meM jitanI vikiraNoM kA sthAna bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa hai jo vikiraNe bhI vikiraNeM haiM una vikaraNoM kI tulanA meM jo dikhAyI dRSTigocara nahIM hotI hai| tripArzva ke mAdhyama se unake sAta detI hai una vikiraNoM kA sthAna nahIM jaisA hai| para una varNa dekha sakate haiN| jaise baiganI, nIlA, AkAza saTaza 42 dekhie 'aSuora AbhA', le0 pro0 je0 sI0 TrasTa / 44 ]

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nIlA, harA, pIlA, nAraMgI aura laal| ina vikiraNoM nIla aura kApota lezyAeM tIna karma-bandhana meM sahayogI meM eka mahatvapUrNa vizeSatA yaha hai ki kramazaH ina raMgoM meM va prANI ko bhautika padArthoM meM lipta rakhatI haiN| ye AvRtti ( frequency ) kama hotI hai aura taraMga dairdhya lezyAeM AtmA ke pratikUla haiM, ataH inheM Agama-sAhitya ( wave length ) meM abhivRddhi hotI hai| baiganI raMga meM azubha va adharma lezyAeM kahA gayA hai aura inase tIvra ke pIche kI vikiraNoM ko parA beganI (ultra-violet) karma-bandhana hotA hai| aura lAla raMga ke Age kI vikiraNoM ko avarakta (infra usake pazcAta kI vikiraNoM kI taraMgeM adhika lambI red) kahI jAtI haiM / prastuta vargIkaraNa meM varNa kI mukhyatA hotI haiM aura unameM AvRtti kama hotI hai| isI taraha tejo, hai| kintu jitanI vikiraNeM haiM unake lakSaNa, AvRtti aura taraMga dairdhya haiN| padma va zukla lezyAe~ tIghra karma bandhana nahIM krtii| inameM vicAra, zubha aura zubhatara hote cale jAte haiM / ina tIna vijJAna ke Aloka meM jaba hama lezyA para cintana lezyA vAle jIvoM meM kramazaH adhika nirmalatA AtI hai / karate haiM to sUrya ke prakAza kI bhAMti yaha spaSTa hotA hai isalie ye tIna lezyAe zubha haiM aura inheM dharma-lezyAeM ki chaH lezyAoM ke varNa aura dRSTigocara hone vAle kahA gayA hai ! varNa-paTa spectrum ke raMgoM kI tulanA isa prakAra kI upayukta paMktiyoM meM hamane jo vikiraNoM ke sAtha jA sakatI hai tulanA kI hai vaha sthUla rUpa se hai| tathApi itanA spaSTa dikhAyI diyA jAne vAlA varNa-paTa lezyA hai ki lezyA ke lakSaNoM meM varNa kI pradhAnatA hai| vikiraNoM (1) parA baiganI se baiganI taka kRSNa lezyA meM AvRtti aura taraMga kI lambAI hotI hai| vicAroM meM (2) nIlA nIlalezyA jitane adhika saMkalpa-vikalpa ke dvArA Avarta hoMge ve (3) AkAza sadRza nIlA kApotalezyA utane hI adhika AtmA ke lie ahitakara hoNge| etadartha - (4) pIlA tejolezyA dhyAna aura upayoga va sAdhanA ke dvArA vicAroM ko sthira (5) lAla padmalezyA karane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai| (6) avarakta tathA Age kI vikiraNeM zuklalezyA hama pUrva hI batA cuke haiM ki lezyAoM kA vibhAjana DaoN. mahAvIra rAja gelar3A ne 'lezyAH eka vivecana' raMga ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| pratyeka vyakti ke cehare zIrSaka lekha43 meM jo cArTa diyA hai usameM unhoMne ke Asa-pAsa eka prabhA-maNDala vinirmita hotA hai jise varNa ke sthAna para pA~ca hI varNa liye haiM, harA va nAraMgI 'orA' kahate haiN| vaijJAnikoM ne isa prakAra ke kaimare varNa chor3a diye haiN| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM tejolezyA kA nirmANa kiye haiM jinameM prabhA-maNDala ke citra bhI liye jA raMga hiMgula kI taraha rakta likhA hai aura padmalezyA kA raMga sakate haiN| prabhA-maNDala ke citra se usa vyakti ke antaharitAla kI taraha pIta likhA hai| kintu DaoN0 gelar3A ne nisa meM cala rahe vicAroM kA sahaja patA laga sakatA hai| tejolezyA ko pIle varNa vAlI aura padma lezyA ko lAla yadi kisI vyakti ke Asa-pAsa kRSNa AbhA hai phira varNa vAlI mAnA hai, vaha Agama kI dRSTi se ucita nahIM bhale hI vaha vyakti lacchedAra bhASA meM dhArmika-dArzanika hai| lAla ke bAda AgamakAra ne pIta kA ullekha kyoM carcA kare tathApi kAle raMga kI vaha prabhA usake citta kI kiyA hai isa sambandha meM hama Age kI paMktiyoM meM vicAra kAlimA kI spaSTa sUcanA detI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra. kreNge| tathAgata buddha, maryAdA puruSottama rAma, karmayogI zrIkRSNa, .. tIna jo prArambhika vikiraNeM haiM, ve laghutaraMga vAlI premamUrti krAisTa Adi vizva ke jitane bhI viziSTa aura puna:-punaH AvRtti vAlI hotI haiN| isI taraha kRSNa, mahApuruSa haiM unake ceharoM ke AsapAsa citroM meM prabhAmaNDala 43 dekhiedeg pUjya pravartaka zrI aMbAlAlajI ma0 abhinandana grantha, pR0 252 / [ 45

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banAye hue dikhAI dete haiM jo unakI zubhU AbhA ko hai| kApotalelyA meM nIlA raMga phIkA ho jAtA hai / prakaTa karate haiN| unake hRdaya kI nirmalatA aura agAdha kApotalezyA vAle vyakti kI vANI va AcaraNa meM vakratA sneha ko prakaTa karate haiN| jina vyaktiyoM ke Asa-pAsa hotI hai| vaha apane durgaNoM ko chipAkara sadaguNoM ko kAlA prabhAmaNDala hai unake antamAnasa meM bhayaMkara durgaNoM prakaTa karatA hai|46 nIla lezyA se usake bhAva kucha kA sAmrAjya hotA hai| krodha kI AMdhI se unakA mAnasa adhika vizuddha hote haiN| etadartha hI adharmalezyA hone sadA vikSubdha rahatA hai, mAna ke sarpa phUtkAreM mArate rahate para bhI dharmalezyA ke sannikaTa hai| haiM, mAyA aura lobha ke bavaNDara uThate rahate haiN|44 vaha svayaM kaSTa sahana karake bhI dUsare vyaktiyoM ko duHkhI banAnA caturtha lezyA kA raMga zAstrakAroM ne lAla praticAhatA hai| vaidika sAhitya meM mRtyu ke sAkSAta devatA yama pAdita kiyA hai| lAla raMga sAmyavAdiyoM kI dRSTi se kA raMga kAlA hai, kyoMki yama sadA yahI cintana karatA krAMti kA pratIka hai| tIna adharma lezyAoM se nikalakara rahatA hai kaba koI mare aura maiM use le aauuN| kRSNa varNa jaba vaha dharmalezyA meM praviSTa hotA hai taba yaha eka prakAra para anya kisI bhI raMga kA prabhAva nahIM hotaa| vaise hI se krAMti hI hai ataH ise dharmalezyA meM prathama sthAna diyA kRSNalezyA vAle jIvoM para bhI kisI bhI mahApuruSa ke gayA hai / vacanoM kA prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| sUrya kI camacamAtI kiraNe vaidika paramparA meM saMnyAsiyoM ko gairika arthAta lAla jaba kAle vastra para giratI hai to koI bhI kiraNa punaH kAi bhA kiraNa punaH raMga ke vastra dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna hai| hamArI dRSTi se nahIM lotttii| kAlA vastra meM sabhI kiraNaM DUba jAtI haiN| unhoMne jo yaha raMga canA hai vaha jIvana meM krAMti karane kI jo vyakti jitanA adhika dugaNoM kA bhaNDAra hogA dRSTi se hI canA hogaa| jaba sAdhaka ke antarmAnasa meM usakA prabhAmaNDala utanA hI adhika kAlA hogaa| yaha krAMti kI bhAvanA ubuddha hotI hai to usake zarIra kA ra kAlA prabhAmaNDala kRSNalezyA kA spaSTa pratIka hai| prabhAmaNDala lAla hotA hai aura vastra bhI lAla hone se ve dvitIya lezyA kA nAma nIlalezyA hai| yaha kRSNa- AbhAmaNDala ke sAtha ghulamila jAte haiN| jaba jIvana meM lezyA se zreSTha hai| usameM kAlApana kucha halakA ho jAtA lAla raMga prakaTa hotA hai taba usake svArtha kA raMga naSTa hai| nIlalezyA vAlA vyakti svArthI hotA hai| usameM ho jAtA hai| tejolezyA vAle vyakti kA svabhAva namra va IrSyA, kadAgraha, avidyA, nirlajatA, dveSa, pramAda, rasa- acapala hotA hai| vaha jitendriya, tapasvI, pApabhIru aura lolupatA, prakRti kI kSudratA aura binA vicAre kArya karane mukti kI anveSaNA karane vAlA hotA hai|47 saMnyAsI kI pravRtti hotI hai|45 Adhanika bhASA meM hama use kA artha bhI yahI hai| usameM mahattvAkAMkSA nahIM hotii| selphiza kaha sakate haiN| yadi use kisI kArya meM lAbha usake jIvana kA raMga USAkAla ke sUrya kI taraha hotA hai| hotA ho to vaha anya vyakti ko hAni pahu~cAne meM saMkoca usake cehare para sAdhanA kI lAlI aura sUrya ke udaya kI nahIM krtaa| kintu kRSNalezyA kI apekSA usake vicAra taraha usameM tAjagI hotI hai| kucha prazasta hote haiN| paMcama lezyA kA nAma padma hai| lAla ke bAda padma tIsarI lezyA kA nAma kApota hai jo alasI puSpa arthAta pIle raMga kA varNana hai| prAtaHkAla kA sUrya jyoMkI taraha maTamailA athavA kabUtara ke kaNTha ke raMgavAlA hotA jyoM Upara uThatA hai usameM lAlimA kama hotI jAtI hai 44 uttarAdhyayana, 34/21-22 / uttarAdhyayana, 34/22-24 / 46 uttarAdhyayana, 34/25-26 / 47 uttarAdhyayana, 34/27-28 / 46 ]

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aura sone kI taraha pIta raMga prasphuTita hotA hai| lAlaraMga meM uttejanA ho sakatI hai para pIle raMga meM koI uttejanA nahIM hai / padmalezyA vAle sAdhaka ke jIvana meM krodha-mAnamAyA-moha kI alpatA hotI hai / citta prazAMta hotA hai / jitendriya aura alpabhASI hone se vaha dhyAna sAdhanA sahaja rUpa se kara sakatA hai / 48 pIta raMga dhyAna kI avasthA kA pratIka hai / etadartha hI bauddha saMnyAsiyoM ke vastra kA raMga pIlA hai / vaidika paramparAoM ke saMnyAsiyoM ke vastra kA raMga lAla hai jo krAMti kA pratIka hai aura bauddha bhikSuoM ke vastra kA raMga pIlA hai vaha dhyAna kA pratIka hai| vaha SaSThazyA nAma zukla hai| zubhra yA zveta raMga samAdhi kA raMga hai / zveta raMga vicAroM kI pavitratA kA pratIka hai| zuklalezyA vAle vyakti kA citta prazAnta hotA hai / mana, vacana, kAyA para vaha pUrNa niyantraNa karatA hai / jitendriya hai / 49 etadartha hI jaina zramaNoM ne zveta raMga ko pasanda kiyA hai / zveta raMga ke vastra dhAraNa karate haiM / unakA maMtavya hai ki vartamAna meM hama meM pUrNa vizuddhi nahIM hai, tathApi hamArA lakSya hai zukla dhyAna ke dvArA pUrNa vizuddhi ko prApta karanA / etadartha unhoMne zveta varNa ke vastroM ko cunA hai / lezyAoM ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie jaina sAhitya meM kaI rUpaka diye haiN| unameM se eka-do rUpaka hama prastuta kara rahe haiM / chaH vyaktiyoM kI eka mitra maMDalI thii| eka dina unake mAnasa meM ye vicAra udbuddha hue ki isa samaya jaMgala meM jAmuna khUba pake hue T hama jA~ya aura una jAmunoM ko bharapeTa khaayeN| ve chahoM mitra jaMgala meM pahu~ce / phaloM se lade hue jAmuna ke per3a ko dekhakara eka mitra ne kahA yaha kitanA sundara jAmuna kA vRkSa hai ! phaloM se labAlaba bharA huA hai / aura phala bhI itane bar3hiyA haiM ki dekhate hI muMha meM pAnI A rahA hai| isa vRkSa para car3hane kI apekSA yahI zreyaskara hai ki kulhAr3I se vRkSa ko jar3a 48 uttarAdhyayana, 34 / 26-30 / 49 uttarAdhyayana, 34 / 31-32 / Avazyaka, haribhadrayA vRtti, pR0 245 / 50 se kATa diyA jAya jisase hama Ananda se baiThakara khUba phala khA skeN| dUsare mitra ne prathama mitra ke kathana kA prativAda karate hue kahA - sampUrNa vRkSa kATane se kyA lAbha hai ? kevala zAkhAoM ko kATanA hI paryApta hai / tRtIya mitra ne kahA- mitra, tumhArA kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai / bar3I-bar3I zAkhAoM ko kATane se bhI koI phAyadA nahIM hai / choTI-choTI zAkhAoM ko kATa lene se hI hamArA kArya ho sakatA hai / phira bar3I zAkhAoM ko nirarthaka kyoM kATA jAya ? caturtha mitra ne kahA - mitra, yuktiyukta pratIta nahIM hotA / ko kATane kI koI AvazyakatA ke gucchoM ko hI tor3anA paryApta hai / tumhArA kathana bhI mujhe choTI-choTI zAkhAoM nahIM hai / kevala phaloM pAMcaveM mitra ne kahA- phaloM ke gucchoM ko tor3ane se kyA lAbha ? usa gucche meM to kacce aura pake donoM hI prakAra ke phala hote haiM / hameM pake phala hI tor3anA cAhie / nirarthaka kacce phaloM ko kyoM tor3A jAya ? chaThe mitra ne kahA- mujhe tumhArI carcA hI nirarthaka pratIta ho rahI hai / isa vRkSa ke nIce TUTe hue hajAroM phala par3e hue haiM / ina phaloM ko khAkara hI hama pUrNa saMtuSTa ho sakate haiM / phira vRkSa, TahaniyoM aura phaloM ko kATanetor3ane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM / prastuta rUpaka' dvArA AcArya ne lezyAoM ke svarUpa ko prakaTa kiyA hai / chaH mitroM meM pUrva pUrva mitroM ke pariNAmoM kI apekSA uttara- uttara mitroM ke pariNAma zubha, zubhatara aura zubha ma I kramazaH unake pariNAmoM meM saMkleza kI nyUnatA aura mRdutA kI adhikatA hai / isalie prathama mitra ke pariNAma kRSNa lezyA vAle haiM dUsare ke nIla lezyA vAle, tIsare kI kApota lezyA, caturtha kI teja lezyA, pAMcaveM kI padma lezyA aura chaThe kI zukla lezyA hai / [ 47

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eka jaMgala meM DAkuoM kA samUha rahatA thaa| ye dUsaroM ko lUTakara apanA jIvanayApana karate the / eka dina chaH DAkUoM ne socA ki kisI zahara meM jAkara hama DAkA ddaaleN| ve chaH DAkU apane sthAna se prasthita hue| chaH DAkUoM meM se prathama DAkU ne eka gAMva ke pAsa se gujarate hue kahA - rAtri kA suhAvanA samaya hai / gA~va ke sabhI loga soe haiN| hama isa gAMva meM Aga lagA deM tAki sodhe hue sabhI vyakti aura pazu-pakSI Aga meM jhulasa kara khatma ho jAyeM unake kandana ko sunakara bar3A Ananda aaegaa| 1 dUsare DAkU ne kahA- binA ko kyoM mArA jAya ? jo hamArA mAnavoM ko hI mAranA caahie| tIsare DAkU ne kahA- mAnavoM meM bhI aurateM aura bAlaka hameM kabhI bhI parezAna nahIM krte| isalie unheM mArane kI AvazyakatA nahIM / ataH puruSa varga ko hI mAranA cAhie / caturtha DAkU ne kahA- sabhI puruSoM ko bhI mArane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / jo puruSa zastrayukta hoM kevala unheM mAranA cAhie / matalaba ke pazu-pakSiyoM virodha karate haiM una pAMcaveM DAkU ne kahA- jina vyaktiyoM ke pAsa zastra hai kintu jo hamArA kisI bhI prakAra kA virodha nahIM karate, una vyaktiyoM ko mArane se bhI kyA lAbha hai chaThe DAkU ne kahA- hameM apane kArya ko karanA hai| pahale hI hama loga dUsaroM kA dhana curAkara pApa kara rahe hai, aura phira jisakA dhana hama apaharaNa karate haiM, una vyaktiyoM 53 4] ke prANa ko laTanA bhI kahIM buddhimAnI hai? eka pApa ke sAtha dUsarA pApa karanA anucita hI nahIM bilakula anucita hai / ina chahoM DAkUoM ke bhI vicAra kramazaH eka dUsare se nirmala hote haiM, jo unakI nirmala bhAvanA ko vyakta karate haiN| 51 uttarAdhyayananiyukti meM 52 lezyA zabda para nikSepa dRSTi se cintana karate hue kahA hai ki lezyA ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva se cAra nikSepa hote haiN| no-karma lezyA aura no-akarma lezyA ye do nikSepa aura bhI hote hai| no karma lezyA ke jIva no-karma aura ajIva nokarma ye do prakAra hai / jIva no-karma lezyA bhavasiddhika aura abhavasiddhika ke bheda se vaha bhI do prakAra kI hai| ina donoM ke kRSNa Adi sAta-sAta prakAra haiM 1 ajIva no-karma lezyA dravya - lezyA ke candra, sUrya, graha, nakSatra, tAraka, AmaraNa, vAdana kI chAyA rUpa hai| kitane hI AcAryoM kA mantavya hai ki audArika, odArika mizra, vaikiya, vaikiya mizra, AhAraka AhAraka- mizra, kArmaNa kAya kA yoga ye sAta zarIra haiM to unakI chAyA bhI saptavarNAtmikA hogI, ataH lezyA ke sAta bheda mAnane cAhie / 53 51 loka prakAza, sarga 2, zloka 363-3801 52 jAgaga bhavipasarIrA tabaharittA ya sANo dubihA kammA no kamne yAno kamme hun duvihA u // 35 // jIvANamajIvANaya duvihA jIvANa hoI nAyavtrA / bhavamabhava siddhiyANaM duvihANavi hoI sattavihA || 36 || ajIva kammano davvalesA sA dasavihA unAyavvA / caMdANa ya sUrANa ya gahagaNa NakkhattatArA // 37 // AsaraNa chAyaNA daMzagANa maNi kAmiNI NajAlesA / ajIva davvalesA nAyavvA dasavihA esA // 38 // aura kise bhAva lezyA kaheM ? lezyA ke sambandha meM eka gambhIra prazna hai ki kisa lezyA ko dravya lezyA kaheM kyoMki Agama sAhitya meM kahIM kahIM para dravya lezyA ke anurUpa bhAva pariNati batAyI gayI hai, to kahIM para dravya lezyA ke viparIta bhAva pariNati batAyI gayI hai / janma - uttarAdhyayana, 34, pR0 650 pada saptamI saMyogajA iyaM ca zarIracchAyAtmakA parigRhyate anyetvaudArikau dArikami amityAdi bhedataH sapta vidhatvena jIvazarIrasya tacchAyAmeva kRSNAdivarNarUpAM nokarmANi sapta vidhAM jIva drazya lezyA manyate tathA / - uttarAdhyayana 34, TIkA, jayasiMha sUri, pR0 350 *

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se mRtyu taka eka hI rUpa meM jo hamAre sAtha rahatI hai vaha pUrNa karane vAlA vyakti asurAdi deva ho sakatA hai ? yaha dravya lezyA hai| nArakIya jIvoM meM tathA devoM meM jo prazna Agama marmajJoM ke lie cintanIya hai| kahAM para lezyA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai vaha dravya lezyA kI dRSTi dravya lezyA kA ullekha hai aura kahAM para bhAvalezyA kA se kiyA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki teraha sAgariyA jo ullekha-isakI spaSTa bheda-rekhA AgamoM meM nahIM dI gayI kilviSika deva haiM ve jahA~ ekAnta zukla lezyI haiM vahIM ve hai, jisase vicAraka asamaMjasa meM par3a jAtA hai / ekAnta mithyAdRSTi bhI haiN| prajJApanA meM tArAoM kA uparyakta paMktiyoM meM jaina dRSTi se lezyA kA jo rUpa varNana karate hue unheM pAMca varNa vAle aura sthita lezyA vAle batAyA gayA hai|54 nAraka aura devoM ko jo sthita rahA hai usa para aura usake sAtha hI AjIvaka mata meM, bauddha mata meM va vaidika paramparA ke graMthoM meM lezyA se jo milatAlezyA kahA gayA hai, sambhava hai pApa aura puNya kI prakarSatA ke kAraNa inameM parivartana nahIM hotA ho| athavA yaha bhI julatA varNana hai usa para hamane bahuta hI saMkSepa meM cintana ho sakatA hai ki devoM meM paryAvaraNa kI anukUlatA ke kAraNa kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayana, bhagavatI, prajJApanA aura uttaravattI sAhitya meM lezyA para vistAra se vizleSaNa hai, kintu zubha dravya prApta hote hoM aura nArakIya jIvoM meM paryAvaraNa vistAra bhaya se hamane jAna karake bhI una sabhI bAtoM para kI pratikUlatA ke kAraNa azubha dravya prApta hote hoN| prakAza nahIM DAlA hai| yaha satya hai ki paribhASAoM kI vAtAvaraNa se vRttiyAM prabhAvita hotI haiN| manuSya gati aura tiryaMca gati meM asthita lezyAeM haiN| vibhinnatA ke kAraNa aura paristhatiyoM ko dekhate hue spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki amuka sthAna para pRthvIkAya meM kRSNa, nIla aura kApota ye tIna aprazasta amuka lezyA hI hotI hai| kyoMki kahIM para dravya lezyA lezyAeM batAyI gayI haiN| ye dravya lezyA haiM yA bhAva lezyA ? kI dRSTi se cintana hai, to kahIM para bhAva lezyA kI dRSTi kyoMki sphaTika maNi, hIrA, motI Adi ratnoM meM dhavala se aura kahIM para dravya aura bhAva donoM kA milA huA prabhA hotI hai, isalie dravya aprazasta lezyA kaise sambhava varNana hai| tathApi gaharAI se anucintana karane para vaha hai ? yadi bhAva lezyA ko mAnA jAya to bhI prazna hai ki viSaya pUrNatayA spaSTa ho sakatA hai / Adhunika vijJAna kI pRthvIkAya se nikalakara kitane hI jIva kevala-jJAna ko dRSTi se bhI jo raMgoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai unake sAtha prApta karate haiM to pRthvIkAya ke usa jIva ne aprazasta bhAva bhI lezyA kA samanvaya ho sakatA hai isa para bhI hamane lezyA meM kevalI ke AyuSya kA bandhana kaise kiyA? bhavana- vicAra kiyA hai| Agama ke marmajJa manISiyoM ko cAhie pati aura vANa vyantara devoM meM cAra lezyAe~ haiM-kRSNa, ki isa viSaya para zodha kArya kara naye tathya prakAza meM nIla, kApota aura tejo| to kyA kRSNa lezyA meM Ayu laaeN| 54 tArAoM, paJca vaSNoo Thipale saacaarinno| ----prajJApanA, pd| [ 4

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Prakrit Textual Criticism --Dr. Satyaranjan Banerjee Calcutta University 1. Introduction : Statement of the Problem: The Prakrit language, or more properly, the Middle Indo-Aryan, belongs to the middle period of the Indo-Aryan language which is the Indic branch of the Indo-Iranian sub-branch of the Indo-European family of languages. So it is a connecting link between old Indo-Aryan (i.e. Vedic and Classical Sanskrit ) on the one hand and the New Indo-Aryan languages (such as, Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati, Bengali, Oriya, Bihari, Assamese etc.) on the other. Prakrit is a vast subject. It covers literatures for over 1500 years beginning from the time of Mahavira and Buddha ( 7th or 6th Century B. C. ) down to the time of the emergence of New Indo-Aryan (i. e. 1000 A. D.) or even later than that. It includes literature written in Inscriptional Prakrits, nearly about 1500 in number and distributed geographically in almost all parts of India - South, North-West, West, North and East; it includes literature in Pali, both canonical and non-canonical, and also literature written by the Jains in Ardha-magadhi, Sauraseni, Maharastri and Apabhramsa. There are some non-Jain poets, such as, Satavahana, Pravarasena, Vakpatiraja, Rajasekhara, Abdul Rahaman and several others. Sanskrit dramas offer us a great variety of Prakrit dialects beginning from the time of 2nd or 1st Century B. C. down to the time of tenth Century A. D. or even later than that. Prakrit being a common speech and its dialects being representatives of different parts of India, the variety of Prakrit dialects makes it more difficult to handle any Prakrit texts easily. It also includes some other Prakrits, such as, Kharosthi, Niya and Gandhari or Prakrit Dhammapada, outside India. Apart from the Inscriptional Prakrits, our knowledge on Prakrit language and its dialects and sub-dialects, commonly known as "Literary Prakrits", is mainly based on the works of Prakrit grammarians and the dramatic and rhetorical works of Sanskrit writers. The Sanskrit dramaturgists, such as, Bharata, Dhananjaya, Visvanatha, Singhabhupala, Sagaranandi and others, have given in their respective treatises only the names of Prakrit dialects which should be or is to be spoken by persons belonging to different strata of the society. The distribution of Prakrit dialects in Sanskrit dramas is, therefore, based on a sort of socio-linguistic pattern, no matter whether the author of a particular drama belongs to any particular region of India and speaking a particular

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dialect of Prakrit. While distributing the Prakrit dialects in a Sanskrit drama, not a single author has shown any lack of knowledge by which the prescriptions of the dramaturgists are generally violated. But at the same time, it should be borne in mind that not a single dramaturgist has ever given any characteristic features of the dialect that they are prescribing for the dramatists. Bharata, of course, has given some general features of Prakrit, but but nothing about dialects So where do the Sanskrit authors get the characteristics from? Did the dramatists know the characteristic features of Prakrit dialects from their own personal experience, or from books current at their times ? Our knowledge about Prakrit and its dialects is mainly based on the grammarians beginning from Vararuci (4th or 5th Cent. A. D.) down to Markandeya ( 16th or 17th Cent. A. D.)-Vararuci and Hemacandra being the oldest and the best representatives of Prakrit grammarians. Although most of the Prakrit grammarians are later than the Prakrit literature, the features of Prakrit including dialects as prescribed by the grammarians are in major, if not in all cases, preserved in the works of the Prakrit writers and Sanskrit dramatists as we find them printed to-day. Butto a scholar, it seems, there are works where features of dialects as described by the grammarians are not fully preserved, not even in essential forms. Herein lies the main difficulty in handling a Prakrit passage in a text. When a scholar opens up a Prakrit book and peruses a few passages, he can easily detect that such book is written mainly in X dialect, but it is also interspersed with other Y and Z forms. As a result what happens is this that we assume a different dialect for the justification of variety of forms. This assumption may be partly true at times, but sometimes it seems too much adherence to the manuscripts forgetting that some forms might be scribal errors or wrong representation of spelling, unless they can be justified historically. Therefore, in editing a Prakrit text, the problems which a linguist faces are mainly i) dialectal, ii) orthographic, and iii) selection of readings.. 2. Problems in editing a Prakrit text: i) Dialectal said above, it is a very didetermine the dialect of a While editing some Prakrit texts, even scholars like Jacobi, Pischel were As we have fficult task to Prakrit passage. puzzled in determining the question of language of the text. Hermann Jacobi has assumed a Jain Maharastri dialect of those texts which are non-canonical on the one hand but written by the Jains on the other. In a similar way Richard Pischel has postulated a Jain Sauraseni of those Jain texts which are written in Sauraseni. At the time of Pischel, of course, no Digambara canonical literature was pub[ us

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lished, and so he had no comment on them. the inscriptions. Take, for example, the A few books by Kundakunda and Umasvami drama of Asvaghosa. We are all grateful to were available, and on the basis of those Luders (Bruchstruck buddhistischen Dramen, books he had established the Jain Sauraseni. 1911 ) who has presented the fragBut recently the earliest canonical literature ments of some Buddhist dramas discovered of the Digambara Jains were published first in Turkestan and dated by him in the first in 1939 and then completed the whole lot in or second cent. A. D. In his opinion, there subsequent years by 1960, after which most are three types of Prakrit dialect employed of the earlier editions were being reprinted. by Asvaghosa in his plays. To use his The first of the series is Satkhandagama terminology, they are old Sauraseni, old which is written in Sauraseni dialect, but Magadhi and old Ardha magadhi. The Dusta's again influenced by the older Ardha-magadhi speech in three important points is similar and the Maharastri as well, giving it a name to the Magadhi of the Prakrit grammarians, which is called by Pischel as Jain Sauraseni. it substitutes I for r, reduces all three sibiThe assumption of these two dialects--Jain lants to s'; and has e in the nominative Maharastri and Sauraseni is based on a notion singular of masculine nouns in a. But it that probably these two dialects are different ignores the rules of the grammarians in from the normal features of the language ascertain respects ; hard letters are not sofemblamed and treasured up by Prakrit gram- tend (eg., bhoti ), nor soft consonants marians. But how far they differ from elided (e.g., Kumuda-gandha ), when inMaharastri and Sauraseni is a moot question ter-vocalic. There is no tendency to cerebraand how far these differences are systematic lize n and in Kalana the dental replaces the to form a separate dialectis another problem. cerebral. Fuller forms of consonants remain These are the questions which normally in hangho (hamho) and bambhana ( bampuzzle the readers of Prakrit. With regard hana ). Certain consonantal changes are to the Inscriptional Prakrits and Pali, the irregular : ry >jj and not yy ; e.g., ajja, sc question is not severe, but with the Prakrit >cch, ks >kkh, not sk or cch, st>tth not and Apabhramsa and partly with the early su, kissa > kisa, ahakam than ahake, hake, literary specimens of some modern. Indo- haje, ( Keith, Sanskrit Drama, p. 86 ). Aryan languages, the problem of readings But it is a point worth noting here that is acute. not a single grammarian has ever described Although inscriptions are written docu- any old features of Sauraseni, Magadhi or ments and we have more reliability in ins Ardha-magadhi. How should we justify these criptions than in the manuscripts, the forms then ? Should we reconsider the earlier writers do not offer the fea- judgment of the manuscripts ? tures of Prakrit that can go on at par with ii) Orthographic 22 ]

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lars including Senart himself were not happy with the reading. The tu prefixed to dampati is difficult to solve. T. W. Rhys Davids and William Stede's Pali English Dictionary, The Pali Text Society, London, ( 1972 ) has explained the formation of the word thus : The orthography of manuscripts is some- times responsible for the selection of a reading particularly of a Jain manuscript. The peculiar way of writing na and na, y and th, s and ph, jh and bh and many other conjuncts makes us responsible for a wrong selec- tion. Unless one is thoroughly conversant with the calligraphy of Mss, one cannot do any justice to the reading of a Prakrit passage. I need not dwell upon this point here in detail. iii) Selection of readings Leaving aside the orthographic representation of Prakrit, we shall now pass on to the next problem, i.e, selection of readings. It is a fact worth noting here that sometimes some editions are responsible for the peculiar, forceful and incongruous reading of a text. In this respect, we shall divide our examples into two groups. In group A, some of the grammatical texts are discussed, where the selection of a particular reading, instead of another, has caused us trouble in determining the linguistic features of a particular language. In group B, the readings of some Prakrit texts are analysed. A. Grammatical texts Let us first take Senart's edition of Ka- ccayana's Pali Grammar. Under the sutra- jayaya tudam-jani patimhi (II. 7. 24. No. 34) -jaya iccetaya tudamjani iccete adesa honti patimhi pare. jayaya pati tudam pati jayaya pati janipati. Senart has read the sentence as tu-dampati meaning 'husband and wife', and after that the word is included in all the Pali Dictionaries. But most of the scho- "Tudampati (dual ) husband and wife. I turdial. for du, Skt dve. dampati from dama-domus Skt. daypati = Gk. despotes ; cf. also Kern Toev. 11. 93. who compares tuvantuva for duvanduva ]." In reality, the word is not tudampati, but simply, dampati as in Sanskrit, meaning husband and wife. tu is, in fact an emphatic particle meaning 'but', and the passage means, but (=tu) when jaya is compounded with pati, we get the compound as dampati, janipati and jayapati. Coming to the field of Prakrit, the situation seems to be worse For one word, we could have several forms in Prakrit and at times it is difficult to think which one is correct. Take, for example, the reading isi in Cowell's edition of Vararuci's Prakrita-prakasa. Cowell has accepted the reading isi with a short initial i under the vrtti of a sutra id-isat-pakva-svapna-vetasa-vyajanamadangangaresu, 1.3 i.e., (in a group of words beginnig with isat etc. i is substituted for the first a ), whereas he has given the variant reading with long i in the foot-note as isi. In fact, the reading with long i is the correct one, as in all the editions of all Prakrit grammarians so far known to us, the word isi with long i at the initial is given, which is also Cowell's reading in

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the foot-note. Moreover, there is no reason but not in vistara. Even then some scholars why the Sanskrit long i in isat should be think that the sutras are not clear, Actually short in Prakrit. The use of this word is I feel that the reading should be stah sto also found with long i (cf. isisi cumbiaim vintarasya as one sutra. From the method etc. in Sakuntaia Act I, prologue). As Cowell of framing the sutras, it is seen that the prehas given the alternative reading in the foot ceeding sutra is duspreksa-sadsksayoh ksasya note, this should not be taken as printing kkho va (XIII. 2) where words are particularly mistake. The question of dialect will not mentioned for the Sakari dialect, it is quite also help us in solving this reading. possible also that the next sutra should Hultzsch's edition of Simharaja's Prakrita contain a word as well, and the subsequent sutras are also framed with regard to some rupavatara offers us another difficulty. Sim words. There is no reason to think stah haraja has based his grammar on Hema. Stah as a general rule. candra and Trivikrama, as far as examples are concerned. But with regard to I, B. Prakrit texts Hultzsch has edited his text with cerebral Let us now consider some of the textual 1 in cases where others will have simple or readings of Prakrit. dental I. In fact, cerebral 1 is a rare occurence in Prakrit. The reason that Hultzsch's Sten Konow's edition of Karpuramanjari edition contains cerebral , 1 is due to the fact (KM) is a great problem. Here the prob. that he has edited his text from a lem is not only of reading but also of lanSouth Indian manuscript preserved in the guage. According to general belief the KM Royal Asiatic Society of London, where is written in a Sauraseni dialect. But Konow Sanskrit I is written as ,l, which Hultzsch has never mentioned it in so many words. thinks a variety of Prakrit. That is why in in his opinion Rajasekhara's KM is written Bhasa's dramas this cerebral I is preserved. in a sort of mixed Prakrit-between MahaOn the basis of this feature L. D. Barnett rastri and Sauraseni. In his edition what once thought that there was a southern we find is that the verses are in Maharastri school of Prakrit grammarians as well. and the proses are in Sauraseni following (JRAS, 1921 ). the dictum as laid down in the works of While giving the characteristic features dramaturgy. After 35 years, M. Ghosh edited of Sakari, Purusottama in his Prakritanusa that text again. In his edition all the passa ges are in Sauraseni. Konow has consulted sana has given two sutras as several Mss, and some of the best Mss do stah stah XIII. 3. contain the readings in Sauraseni even in Vistarasya XIV. 4. verses which he has either corrected for the Some have suggested "na vistarasy" i.e. sake of dramaturgy or neglected as improper 4x 1

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readings. Ghosh has done just the opposite. For example : Sten Konow : hou (Ms. bhodu),Ghosh bhodu phurau (Ms. phuradu), phuradu etc. With regard to some of the readings of Desinamamala, Pischel remarks: "Another great difficulty was raised by the examples which Hemacandra adds at the end of the commentary on each stanza of the ekartha sabdas. These examples are either void of all sense, or of an incredible stupidity. ...... It was a most disgusting task to make out the sense, or rather non-sense, of these examples, some of which have remained rather obscure to me." (Pischel's edition of Desinamarnala, Poona, 1938, pp. 29-30) The assumption of the reading sunahi meaning trinu ('hear me') and ayade as independent words in Pischel's edition followed by other editions, gives us a sense that does not appear to be happy and consistant. But these two words when combined sunahit ayade=Skt sunabhi-kupa acting as a bahuvphi compound representing vocative singular form of a feminine base ending in a and refering to adaye as an attributive adjunct, refering to adaye as will present us a good sense. because the comparison nabhikupa, nabhigarta etc. is rather usual in Indian literature, and even Hemacandra uses this comparison more than once in the same book. This remark of Pischel depends upon the selection, of readings which, at times, seems to be ineffective poetically. Let us take one example to demonstrate this truth. Pischel's reading : adae sunahi ayade anada-adayana-pie sarasi kale/amdhamdhuma-vinaya-varaha-vvathanam tamittha anado kim (Hc. I. 18. verse 15 ) The next difficulty is with the root sarasi. The use of the Prakrit root sara as an equivalent to Sanskrit root smp 'to remember' is far less common than the Sanskrit root sr 'to go'. And it may be added here that of the root sms, the form sumara very often puts in appearance in Prakrit literature, and the form sara is extremely rare. Hance ! suggest sarasi meaning 'go'. It is also suggested that anada- adayana-pie should be taken in a locative form qualifying the word kale, i. e., 'the time pleasing to the paramours and courtesans' which no doubt yeilds a good sense, happy and consistent. and sarasi in the sense of 'going', its object; being amdhamdhum, when avinaya-varahavvatthanam will stand in opposition to it, i.e., the going of an unchaste lady to the well which is the meeting place of the paramours and courtesans. The Prakrit word tam should stand for The English translation on the basis of this reading will be as follows: "O you the courtesan, hear (me), oh well, are you remembering the time favourable to a paramour and a courtesan? Well is the (meeting place of a paramour and an unchaste lady, is there any paramour ?" [ 44

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tad, meaning 'therefore'; so tam ittha anado kim should be translated as 'is there any paramour (waiting for you)?' So the translation of the improved reading should be as follows: "Oh, you the courtesan whose naval cavity is like a well, are you going at this time pleasing to the paramour and the courtesan to (that) well which is the meeting. place of the paramour and the courtesan ? Why, is there any paramour (waiting for you)?" It is very difficult to get a very good edition of Prakrit texts. Take, for example, the editions of Kalidasa's Sakuntala by two eminent scholars - Monier-Williams and Richard Pischel. Both have claimed that they have paid much attention to the readings of the text and have carefully preserved the Mss. Pischel has an advantage over Monier-Williams with regard to Prakrit passages, which, Pischel believes, have been presented correctly. These two editions differ so much that they represent two different recensions. But with regard to the treatment of labial b and semivowel v, these two scholars vary too much. About the retention of v, Pischel is in favour of the grammarians, while MonierWilliams has a strong predilection for the historical development of the sound and prefers b. The common reader is at a loss to decide which course to adopt. This problem is summed up in my book-The Eastern School of Prakrit Grammarians, (p.99) which is quoted below: "He (i.e. Pischel) says that the gramma seoldeug] rians are not to be corrected with the help of the manuscripts; but the manuscripts are to be improved upon with the help of the grammarians. But it can be added here that the peculiar characteristics of an eastern Prakrit, supported by the eastern grammarians should not be rectified with the evidence of the western grammar. So the Prakrit readings, in regard to labial b, cannot be summarily rejected. It should also be noted that the readings given by Monier-Williams seem to be based on an outlook of the historical background answering to the reliability of or two other readings of the different manuscripts, while it will appear as almost certain that the readings given by Pischel reveal a strong predilection for grammar." In the Jain canonical texts the problem is different. We are all aware of mistakes that a scribe makes while copying the Mss from another one, or writing from the dictation of a person. The copyist may or may not be educated in the subject. As a result the Mss may contain some mistakes which obviously defy the genuineness of the language. These mistakes are at times regarded as "archaic" or earlier features of a language. Take, for an example, the one reading of the Uttaradhyayana sutra (1.5) kanakundagam caittapam vittham bhumjai suyare evam silam caittaham dussile ramai mie Here the reading with longi in ramai is difficult to accept, but for "archaic". Similar types of readings of long i of verbs, such as vuccai (1.2), nikkanjjai (1.4) are abundant.

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The readings with short i are also available in the foot-notes. Besides these are orthographic problems in Jain texts. The use of ya-sruti, dental and cerebral n, the sporadic cases of voiceless changing into voiced, and so on. These problems will remain as long as the principles of editing Prakrit texts are not followed. variations are such that it is difficult to follow any particular reading from the Mss. The copyists are not always learned, moreso, they may not have any knowledge or a very limited knowledge of the language and hence every possibility of making mistakes. The phonetics of the language is not always regular. Sometimes the copyists add something to the Mss. to improve upon the text. It is, therefore, not an easy task to edit a Prakrit text, as is normally the case with Sanskrit or with Pali. 3. Manuscripts vs Grammarians : 4. Emendation : It is my personal feeling that some sorts of emendations are necessary to edit a Prakrit text--if the Mss. of a particular text do not help us much-recording, of course, the variants at the foot-note. (Cf. my edition of Kramadisvara's Prakrit Grammar, $ 26, pp 19-22). 5. Conclusion : Having discussed some difficulties and anomalies of Prakrit texts, what remains now is a great task for the scholars to determine the principles we follow in editing a Prakrit text. The basic problem is whether the gram- marians or the manuscripts are to be followed. It is not easy to answer the ques. tion, particularly when most of the scholars think that any kind of linguistic phenomenon is possible in Prakrit. Perhaps under the tacit influence of this so-called ideas, some of the Prakrit forms have been incorporated in some editions which sometimes baffle and betray some of the basic notions of Prakrit language including dialects as enunciated by Prakrit grammarians. It is true that Prakrit grammarians are not very old, and most of the authors belong at a time when the language was almost stereotyped like Sanskrit. As a result the Prakrit features as embalmed and treasured up by the gram. marians vary from author to author, except a few general forms which are co- mmon to all. The texts of Prakrit manus- cripts are not always uniformly common; the The above are some of the specimens taken at random to show the linguistic problems of Prakrit and Prakrit textual criticism. it is indeed very difficult to form direct cutand-dry principles for this purpose, unless we base our arguments on some priniciples by which grammarians are involved in the matter. In conclusion, I can just say that I have endeavoured to present a picture of editing Prakrit texts, and leave with the readers to judge its value or revalue of some Prakrit passages presented in this dissertation. [ 40

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1. J. N. Madvig-Adversaria, Copenhagen, 1871. 2. F. W. Hall-Companion to Classical Texts, Oxford, 1913. 3. S. M. Katre-Introduction to Indian Textual Criticism, 1st edn 1941 (2nd edn 1954), Poona, 1941. Bibliography Books on Textual Criticism 4. P. Maas-Textual Criticism. ( Eng. Tra. ), Oxford, 1958. 5. Housman-The Application of Thought to Textual Criticism (in his Selected Prose, edited by John Carter, Cambridge, 1961.) 6. A. Dain Les manuscripts, 2nd edn, Paris, 1964. 7. Bertil Axelson-Korruptelenkult, Lund, 1967. 8. L. D. Reynolds and N. G. Wilson-Scribes and Scholars, Oxford, 1968. 9. J. B. Hall-Introduction to his edition of Claudian De raptu Proserpinae, Cambridge, 1970. 10. G. Pasqualia-Storia della tradizione e critica del texts, 2nd edn, Florence, 1970. 11. James Willis-Latin Textual Criticism, University of Illinois, Urbana, 1972. 58]

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pratibhA ke kAraNa hemacandra 'kalikAla sarvajJa' se sambodhita hue| hemacandra kA bahumukhI vyaktitva mahAna hai / Apake 'siddha hema zabdAnuzAsana' ( vyAkaraNa ) ke atirikta 'liMgAnuzAsana' (vyAkaraNa), 'saMskRta dvayAzraya' ( mahAkAvya ), 'prAkRta dvayAlaya' yA 'kumArapAla carita' (mahAkAvya ), 'kAvyAnuzAsana' (alaMkAra), 'chaMdo'nuzAsana' (chaMda zAstra), 'abhidhAna cintAmaNi' (koSa), 'anekArtha saMgraha' (koSa), 'dezInAmamAlA' (koSa), 'nighaMTukoSa'(vaidyaka koSa), 'pramANa mImAMsA' (nyAya), yogazAstra','triSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra' apabhraza vaiyAkaraNa hemacandra (mahApurANa) Adi anya aneka grantha3 vividha viSayoM kA ke dohe nirUpaNa karate haiN| apane vyAkaraNa meM janasAdhAraNa meM pracalita dohoM ko udAhRta karake Apane loka sAhitya kI -DaoN0 Aditya pracaNDiyA 'dIti', alIgar3ha mahAna sampatti kI surakSA kI hai sAtha hI apabhraza kAvya pANinI kI koTi ke mahAna vaiyAkaraNa hote hue hema kA 'dohA' kAvyarUpa ke svarUpa samajhane kI prAmANika sAmagrI prastuta kI hai| dohA yA dUhA apabhUza kA lADalA candra kAvya-praNayana meM bhI kisIse pIche nahIM rhe| ve apabhraza ke hI nahIM saMskRta aura prAkRta ke bhI kavi kovida chaMda hai|5 hemacandra ke dohe apabhraza kAvya meM mahanIya haiN|6 sAhityika saundarya se sampRkta Apake dohe apabhraMza the| eka vyakti meM aisI virodhI ruciyoM kA samanvaya sAhitya meM nirupameya nidhi hai| vastutaH apabhRza vAGgamaya vilakSaNa hai| asAdhAraNa pratibhA ke dhanI hemacandra kA / Arambhika nAma caMgadeva thaa| jainadIkSA grahaNa karane ke ke hemacandra AdhAra stambha haiM / pazcAt ApakA nAma hemacandra pdd'aa| Apa zvetAmbara jaina hemacandra dvArA udAhRta dohoM kA sarasatA, bhAva-tarathe aura gujarAta ke solaMkI rAjA siddharAja evaM unake latA evaM kalAgata saundarya kI dRSTi se 'gAthA saptazatI' bhatIje kumArapAla ke samasAmayika pratiSThita paNDita the| ke samAna hI mUlya hai| ina dohoM meM nisarga-siddha kAvyatva Apa adhikatara samaya anhilavAr3a meM rahe / ' ApakA samaya kI garimA nihita hai| viSayavastu kI dRSTi se ye dohe saMvat 1145 se saM0 1226 taka kA hai| apanI prakhara vIrabhAvApanna, zRgArika, nItiparaka, anyoktiparaka, vastu 1 apabhraza sAhitya, harivaMza kochar3a, pRSTha 321 / 2 (ka) hisTrI Apha miDIvala hindU inDiyA, bhAga 3, pRSTha 411 / (kha) jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, nAthUrAma premI, pRSTha 448 / 3 (ka) kAvyAnuzAsana kI bhUmikA, rasikalAla pArIkha, pRSTha 261 / (kha) apabhUza pAThamAlA, prathama bhAga, narottamadAsa svAmI, pRSTha 63 / 4 hindI sAhitya kI bhUmikA, DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI, pRSTha 13 / 5 (ka) apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya, DaoN. devendra kumAra jaina, pRSTha 117 / (kha) jaina sAhitya kI hindI sAhitya ko dena, zrI rAmasiMha tomara, premI abhinandana grantha, pRSTha 468 / 6 AdikAlIna hindI sAhitya zodha, DaoN0 harIza, pRSTha 15 / [ 54

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varNanAtmaka aura dhArmika bhedoM meM vibhakta kie jA sakate haiM / 7 DaoN0 nemIcandra zAstrI kahate haiM -- " inameM zRMgAra, ratibhAvanA, nakhazikha citraNa, dhanikoM ke vilAsabhAva, raNabhUmi kI vIratA, saMyoga, viyoga, kRpaNoM kI kRpaNatA, prakRti ke vibhinna rUpa aura dRzya, nArI kI masRNa aura mAMsala bhAvanAe~ evaM nAnA prakAra ke ramaNIya dRzya aMkita haiM / vizva kI kisI bhASA ke koSa meM isa prakAra ke sarasa padya udAharaNoM ke rUpa nahIM milte| 18 hemacandra ke aneka dohe hindI sAhitya ke AdikAlIna sAhitya kA nirUpaNa karate hue suvijJa samIkSakoM dvArA udghRta kie gae haiN| hindI sAhitya ke itihAsavettAoM kSatriya nAriyoM kI vIratA ke Adarza-Akalana meM nimna dohA prastuta kiyA hai : bhallA huA ju mAriyA bAhiNi mahArA kantu / lajjejjaMtu vayaM siahuM jai bhaggA ghara aMtu // vIra rasa ke dohoM meM nArI kI darpoktiyoM kA vizeSa mahattva hai| DaoN0hajArIprasAda dvivedI ke zabdoM meM- "striyoM kI adbhuta darSokti jo Age calakara DiMgala kavitA kI jAna bana gaI, ina dohoM meM prathamabAra bahuta hI dRpta svara meM prakaTa huI hai / " " nAyikA ke kathana draSTavya haiM : ai sakhi ! . bekAra baka-baka mata kr| mere priya ke do hI doSa haiMjaba dAna karane lagate haiM to mujhe bacA lete haiM aura jaba jUjhane lagate haiM to karavAla ko : mahu to ve dosar3A helli ma zaMkhahi Alu | dentaho hau~ para u-variya jujjhantaho karavAlu || yadi zatruoM kI senA bhAgI hai to isIlie ki merA priya vahA~ hai aura yadi hamArI senA bhAgI hai to isIlie ki vaha mara gayA hai : jaba bhaggA pArakkaDA to sahi majjhapieNa / aha bhaggA amhattaNA so te mAri aDeNa || 9 jahA~ vANoM se vANa kaTate haiM, TakarAtI hai usI bhaTa ghaTA samUha meM prakAzita karatA hai : jahiM kapijjai sariNa saru chijjai khaggiNa khaggu / tahiM tehai bhaDa ghaDa nivahi kantu payAsai maggu || jaba priya dekhatA hai ki apanI senA bhAga khar3I huI hai aura zatru kA bala varddhita ho rahA hai taba candramA kI mahIna rekhA ke samAna mere priya kI talavAra khila uThatI hai aura pralaya macA detI hai : talavAra se talavAra merA priya mArga ko bhaggau~ dekhivi niyayavalu valu pasariau~ parassa / umbhilai sasireha jivaM kari karavAlu piyassa || isa janma meM bhI aura agale janma meM bhI, he gori ! aisA pati denA jo aMkuza ke bandhana ko asvIkAra kara dene vAle madamatta hAthiyoM se anAyAsa bhir3a sake : AyaI jammahi annahiM vi gori su dijjahi kantu / gayamattaha~ cattakusa haiM jo abbhiDahi hasantu || vaha dekho, hamArA priya vaha hai jisakA bakhAna saikar3oM lar3AiyoM meM ho cukA hai / vaha, jo aMkuza ko asvIkAra karane vAle matta gajarAjoM ke kumbha vidIrNa kara rahA hai : saMga ehi juvaNiai devabu amhArA kantu / ahimattaha~ cata-saha~ gaya kumbhehi vArantu || 7 apabhraMza kAvya paramparA aura vidyApati, DaoN0 aMbAdaMta paMta, pRSTha 356 / 8 prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pRSTha 540 / hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, pRSTha 63 / 10 hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yoga, pRSTha 224-225 / 60 ] DaoN0 nAmavara siMha vIra rasa se page-sane dohoM ke viSaya meM kahate haiM- "yahA~ puruSa kA pauruSa hI nahIM, usake pArzva meM vIra ramaNI kA darpa bharA protsAhana bhI milegA, yadi eka ora ziva kA tANDava hai to dUsarI ora unake pArzva meM zakti kA lAsya bhI hai / " 10 sAmAnyataH nAriyA~ kAmanA karatI haiM ki kisI taraha mere priyatama lar3AI - bhir3AI ke kAmoM se avakAza pAkara mere AMcala tale sukha-zAMti se kucha dina bitAe~ / aisI

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nAriyA~ prAyaH durlabha haiM jinheM yuddha ke binA udAsIna maha- nahIM pahu~ca pAtA to becArI nAyikA apane aMgoM para khIjha sUmatI ho / nAyikA kA kathana hai ki-priya, yaha kisa deza prakaTa karatI hai| kavizrI hemacandra kI sUjha aura kalpanA meM A gae ! jaba se yahA~ Ae ho yuddha kA akAla par3A atyanta camatkArI hai: huA hai| are kisI aise deza meM calo, jahA~ khaDga kA ai taMgattaNa jaM thaNahaM sau cheyau na hu lAhu / vyavasAya hotA ho| hama to yuddha ke binA durbala ho gae sahi jai kembai tuDi-vaseNa ahari pahuccai nAhu / aura aba binA yuddha ke svastha na hoNge| rUpakAtizayoktiyoM dvArA kavizrI hemacandra ne 'rUpakhagga visAhiu jahiM lahahu~ piya tahi desahiM jAhu~ / varNana' meM saundarya evaM camatkAra utpanna kara diyA hai / raNa-dubbhikkheM bhaggAI viNa jujjheM na balA hu~ / kabarI bandha samanvita mukha saundarya ke varNana meM kavizrI ne isa prakAra hemacandra ke vIra rasa ke dohe DiMgala kI candramA aura rAhu ke malla yuddha kI saMbhAvanA vyakta kI hai vIra paramparA ko spaSTa karane meM sahAyaka hai / 11 ina dohoM to bhUmara kula ke sadRza nAyikA ke keza aise laga rahe haiM meM vIra rasa kA abhinava svara bhAsvara hai, yuddha-varNana vicitra mAno andhakAra ke bacce milakara khela rahe haiN| nAyikA hai, adabhUta hai, yoddhA lar3ate-laDate pAvoM meM apanI ata DiyA~ kA priya doSI hai, mana usakA lAcAra hai, sakhI kahane AtI ulajha jAne, sira kaMdhe para jhala jAne para bhI talavAra se to nAyikA namratA kI narmadA meM avagAhana karatI huI hAtha nahIM httaataa| utsAha kA yaha adabhuta rUpa mAtra yuddha- kahatI haiM ki jaba priya sadoSa hai to aisI bAta ekAMta meM kSetra meM hI nahIM apitu jIvana ke anya kSetroM meM bhI pari- kaho lekina aise ekAMta meM ki merA mana bhI na jAnane pAe lakSita hai| kyoMki vaha to priya kA pakSapAtI hai| para nAyikA ko zRgArika dohoM kI paramparA 'gAhAsatasaI yA laukika ekAMta kahA~ prApta hotA hai : zRgArika muktakoM se saMzliSTa kI jAtI hai| aise bahuta bhaNa sahi nihu au~ teva maI jai piu diTa sadosu / se dohe haiM jinameM nAyikA svayaM nAyaka kI vIratA kI carcA jevaM na jANai majjhu maNu pakkhAvaDiaM tAsu // karatI hai| aneka dohe rativRtti pradhAna hote hue bhI vIra viraha varNana meM UhAtmakatA ke abhidarzana hote haiM / rasa pUrNa dikhAI par3ate haiN| vizaddha zRgArika dohoM meM eka kRza tanu viyoginI bAlA ko A~suoM se colI ko nAyikA apanI sakhI yA dUtI se athavA dUtI, sakhI yA gIlI karate hue aura uSNa uccha, vA soM se sukhAte hue anya koI strI pAtra nAyikA se rati vRtti ko jAgarita dikhAyA hai| mAna sambandhI dohoM meM bar3I mArmikatA hai| karane vAle bhAva vyakta karatI hai| kahIM svayaM nAyikA kabhI nAyikA mAna karatI hai to kabhI nAyaka / priyatama pathika se vAkcAturya ke dvArA gopanavRtti kI abhivyakti ko dekhane para halacala meM vaha manasvinI mAna karanA bhUla karatI hai| kavizrI hemacandra apanI prauDhoktiyoM ke dvArA jAtI hai / eka nAyikA mAna karane kA saMkalpa karatI hai aura Alambana, Azraya, uddIpana yA anubhAva mAtra kA varNana sArI rAta aisI hI kalpanAoM meM bitA detI hai kintu jaba karate dikhAI dete haiN| kahIM nAyikA ke sampUrNa aMgoM kA priya kA Agamana hotA hai to mana dhokhA de jAtA hai| aura kahIM usake vizeSa aMgoM-mukha, netra, stana, kaTi Adi mAna viraha ke atirikta pravAsa viraha ke aneka uddharaNa kA varNana karate haiN| hemacandra dvArA nirUpita mugdhA nAyikA milate haiN| mAna viraha meM kRtrimatA yA vilAsitA adhika kI khIjha dekhate hI banatI hai| kavizrI kA kathana ki pratIta hotI hai kintu pravAsa-viraha meM sneha atyanta tapta aura kizorI ke stanoM ke bIca kI dUrI itanI kama hai ki uddIpta ho jAtA hai| DaoN. nAmavara siMha ne zRgAraparaka usameM nAyaka kA mana bhI nahIM aTa sktaa| jaba ye stana dohoM kI samIkSA karate hue kahA hai-"isa taraha praNayI itane uttuMga ho jAte haiM ki priya unake kAraNa adharoM taka jIvana ke ina dohoM meM vaha sAdagI, saralatA aura tAjagI 11 hindI sAhitya, DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI, pRSTha 22 /

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hai jo hindI ke samUce rItikAvya meM bhI muzkila se nava anubhUti kI abhivyakti hai| nIti ke ye upadeza milegii| kalA vahA~ jarUra hai, cAturI vahA~ khUba hai, eka- jIvana ke vyavahAra se sambandhita haiN| inakI abhivyaJjanA eka zabda meM adhika se adhika camatkRta karane kI zakti ke lie kavizrI ne upayukta dRSTAnta prastuta kie haiM : bhI ho sakatI hai matalaba yaha ki vahA~ gAgara meM gAgara sAmarU uppari taNa dharai tali ghallai rynnaaii| bharane kI karAmAta ho sakatI hai lekina gAgara meM sAgara sAmi subhicca vi pariharai saMmANei khalAI // jitanA hI amRta bharane kI jo ceSTA yahA~ hai, usa para arthAta sAgara tRNoM ko to apane Upara dhAraNa karatA hai rIjhane vAle sujAna bhI kama nahIM hai| kaThina kAma gAgara meM aura ratnoM ko bhItara tala meM DAlatA hai, svAmI subhRtya sAgara bharanA ho sakatA hai lekina gAgara meM apanA hRdaya bhara kI to upekSA karatA hai kintu khaloM kA sammAna karatA hai| denA kahIM adhika kaThina hai| hema vyAkaraNa ke ina dohoM kI sthiti aisI hI hai| AryA aura gAhA satasaI kI taraha mahattvAkAMkSiyoM ke Adarza kA nirUpaNa karate hue isa dohAvalI ke bhI eka-eka dohe para darjanoM prabandha kavizrI kA kathana hai ki kamaloM ko chor3akara bhUmara samUha kAvya nichAvara kie jA sakate haiN|12 hAthiyoM ke gaNDasthala se mada pAna karane kI AkAMkSA rakhate haiM aura vahA~ jAte haiN| durlabha ko prApta karane kI jinakI ____ hema vyAkaraNa meM bhramara, kuMjara, papIhA, kehari, dhavala, icchA rahatI hai, ve dUrI ko kucha bhI nahIM samajhate / mahAdruma Adi ko lekara bar3I hI hiyahArI anyoktiyA~ kahI gaI haiN| 'bhUmara' saMdarbhita anyokti draSTavya hai : kamalaI mellavi ali-ulaM kari-gaMDAI mahaMti / a-sulaha-mecchaNa jAhaM bhali teNa vi dUra gaNaMti / / bhamara ma ruNajhaNi raNaui sA disi joi ma roi / sA mAlai desaMtaritha jasu tuhU~ marahi vioi / / isa prakAra apabhaza vaiyAkaraNa hemacandra ne apane arthAt he bhUmara ! araNya meM runajhuna dhvani mata kara, usa 'zabdAnuzAsana' meM vIra, zRgAra tathA anya rasoM se anudizA ko dekhakara mata ro, vaha mAlatI dUsare deza calI prANita dohoM ko vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM ko samajhAne hetu gaI jisake viyoga meM tuma mara rahe ho| vyavahAra meM liyA hai| jisameM kahIM nIti sambandhI uktiyA~ haiM to kahIM dhArmika sUktiyoM yA anyoktiyoM kA samAyojana ' 'dhavala baila' sambandhI anyokti bhI mArmika bana par3I huA hai| ina dohoM meM upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, atihai| apane svAmI ke gutbhAra (adhika parezAnI) ko zayokti, vibhAvanA, hetu, arthAntaranyAsa, dRSTAnta, udAdekhakara dhavala baila kheda karatA hai ki maiM hI do khaNDa karake kyo na donoM ora jota diyA gayA : haraNa Adi alaMkAroM ke sundara viniyoga se kAvya-saundarya kA utkarSa parilakSita hai| inase gorakhanAtha, saMta kabIra dhavalu visurai sAmi aho garuA bhara pikkhevi / / Adi paravartI kaviyoM ne preraNA grahaNa kI hai| hemacandra hau~ ki na jattau duhu~ disihiM khaNDai~ do piNa karevi / / yuga kI apabhRza bhASAgata evaM sAhityika pravRttiyoM ko 'mahAdruma' viSayaka anyokti bhI kama mahattva lie nahIM samajhane kI dRSTi se ina dohoM kI mahattA asaM digdha hai| hai| cir3iyA~ mahAna dumoM ke sira para baiThakara phala khAtI apabhUza kAvya meM dhArmika sAhitya kI pracuratA ke haiM aura zAkhAoM ko bhI tor3a DAlatI haiM phira bhI mahAdruma madhya vIra aura zRgAra rasa ke itane utkRSTa chaMda usake unakA kucha bhI aparAdha nahIM ginate : sAhityika gaurava ke utkarSa vidhAyaka haiN| dhArmika kSetra se siriM caDiyA khanti tphalaI puNu DAlaI moDanti / dUra ye dohe laukika apabhraMza kAvya kI manamohaka jhAMkI to viM mahadduma sauNAha~ phalAni punaH zAkhA moTayanti / / prastuta karate haiN| vastutaH hemacandra ke dohe apabhaza vAGgamaya hemacandra dvArA udadhRta nIti sambandhI dohoM meM abhi- meM muktaka kAvya ke saphala vAhana haiN| 12 hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhRza kA yoga, pRSTha 228 / 62 ]

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written chiefly by Brahmins for Brahmins. Moreover, the enormous respect for tradition and the urge to preserve it in all its purity resulted in a faithful following of the traditional frame-work in all intellectual endeavours, so much so that the chapter titles of almost all texts in a particular branch of science sound alike. If any innovations were made it was always within this framework. The lack of discrimination in the selection of ideas and the reluctance to discard outmoded concepts, coupled with Thakkura Pheru and the and the a language of limited accessibility, resulted in the stagnation of Indian science in the middle ages. There is one more factor which contributed to this decline. This is the ab sence of communication, and therefore absence of any interaction, between science and technology. While the writers on scientific subjects were upper caste Brahmins, the practitioners of technology were artisans of low social standing. The techniques employed by the latter in their professions were rarely recorded in writing these were transmitted orally from father to son or from master craftsman to apprentice and remained in many cases guild or trade secrets. Popularisation of Science in India in the 14th Century --Sreeramula Rajeswara Sarma Aligarh Muslim University [Sri Bhanwar Lal Nahata's services to the cause of learning are indeed manifold. Historians of Science will be ever indebted to him for the discovery and the publication of Thakkura Pheru's scientific works in Prakrit.] 1.0 Until the introduction of English in India, scientific texts as well as other scholarly works were written mainly in Sanskrit and that too in metrical form. Though Sanskrit had the advantage of being the pan-Indian medium of communication, its accessibility within any region of India was limited, and the writings in Sanskrit were naturally elitist in character, being 0.2 The literature of the Jainas offers some sort of an exception to this general state of affairs. Though the Jainas respected Sanskrit as a vehicle of scholarly exposition, Prakrit also enjoyed religious sanction among them. Even while writing in Sanskrit, there was often a conscious attempt to simplify the language for the sake of wider under [ 63

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standing. The Jaina monks played an active role in the affairs of the community and seem to have been responsible for the spread of learning to all strata of society, notably to the more numerous mercantile class of Vaisyas. In Gujarat where Jainism was influential, the Jainas of the merchant class played prominent role in the middle ages. A Jaina called Vira was the superin- tendent and minister of four successive rulers Mularaja, Camundaraya, Vallabharaya and Durlabharaya at the close of the tenth century and beginning of the eleventh. His son Vimala was the commander-in-chief of Bhima I and built in 1031 the famous Vimalavasahi temple with its exquisite marble carvings on Mt. Abu. In the thirteenth century. Vastupala served the Vaghela rulers as their Chief-minister and was a great patron of learning. 3 was controlled by them. The members of the Srimala caste, in particular, specialised in minting and money-exchange. Even after the political domination of northern India by Muslims from the thirteenth century onwards, the expertise represented by this banker's caste was utilised by the Muslim rulers of Delhi in their minting operations, just as Hindu and Jaina masons and stonecarvers were employed in the construction of the Islamic monuments. The Kharatara chronicle mentions a number of wealthy Jainas from Delhi who enjoyed good relations with the rulers. 1.0 Notable among these members of the Srimala caste in the employment of the Sultans of Delhi is Thakkura Pheru who stands out as a writer on a wide range of scientific subjects in popular speech. He wrote six scientific works : Vastusara on architecture and iconography, Jyotisasara on astrology and astronomy, Ratnapariksa on gemmology, Ganitasara on arithmetic, Dhatutpatti on metallurgy and perfumery trade, * 0.3 Aside from these instances of political power, commerce was the exclusive forte of the Jainas, and much of the economic activity in the Gujarat-Rajasthan-Delhi region 1. For instance, Jinapala writing at Delhi in 1248, explains at the end of his Kharatara gacchalamkara-yugapradhanacarya-gurvavali, a chronicle of the pontiffs of the Kharatara sect, how he simplified Sanskrit in this work in order that even children can understand it. Henceforth this chronicle will be referred to as the Kharatara chronicle. It was published in the Kharataragaccha-brhadgurvavali, ed. Jinavijaya Muni, Bombay 1966. Jina pala's statement occurs on p. 50. 2. Cf. U. P. Shah, "Coinage of Early Chalukyas of Anhillavada-Patan", Journal of the Numismatic Society of India, XVI. 2 (1954 ), pp. 239-42. 3. Cf. B. J. Sadesera, Literary Circle of Mahamatya Vastupala, Bombay 1953. 4. Cf. John Scott Deyell, Living without Silver : The Monetary History of Early Medieval India ( The University of Wisconsin-Madison Ph. D. Thesis, 1982. Xerography in 1983 by the University Microfilms Internationai, Ann Arbour ), Vol. I. p. 339. &Y ]

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and Dravyapariksa on assay and moneyexchange. 1.1 Pheru's biography can be pieced together from the personal references in his works. His first known work was written in 1291,9 hence his birth may have taken place around 1270. His native place was Kannana situated in the modern state of Haryana, and this place was not far from the then imperial capital Delhi. It was then a centre of pilgrimage for the Jainas. Pheru was born in a prosperous banker's family belonging to the Kharatara sect of the Svetambara Jainas. Pheru's grandfather, Kaliya or Kalasa, was a prominent banker of Kannana. It is not stated where Pheru's father Canda resided, but unlike his father, Canda had the title Thakkura. The Kharatara chronicle lists a number of prominent Jainas by their names, castes and titles. A cursory survey of those enjoying the title of Thakkura shows that they are all from Delhi. This would suggest that Thakkura was a court title and that Canda may have been associated with the Sultan's treasury at Delhi. town Kannana. There in 1291, presumably at the conclusion of his formal education, he composed a eulogy of the pontiffs of his sect. Sometime later, but much before 1315, he joined the treasury of Alauddin Muhammad Khalji at Delhi and was apparently in charge of the jewellery. This job inspired him to write the Ratnapariksa, a manual on gemmology, for the instruction of his son Hemapala in 1315. In the same year he wrote two more works: the Jyotisasara on astrology and the Vastusara on architecture. In 1318 he must have been the assaymaster in the mint of Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah and produced his invaluable Dravyapariksa on assay and money-exchange. According to the Kharatara chronicle, he participated in that year in a pilgrimage to the holy places around Delhi. The chronicle reports further that in 1323 he joined the pilgrim congregation to Satrunjaya in Gujarat.? It is not known if he was still employed at the court, but the very mention of his name among the Jaina prominence of Delhi suggests that he may have continued his services under Ghiyasuddin Tughluq as well. Thus, like Vira of Gujarat, Pheru also served four successive Sultans, Alauddin Muhammad Khalji ( 1296-1316 ), 1.2 Nothing is known about Pheru's early life and education, but it is likely that he was brought up and educated at his native 6 All Pheru's works are published in the Thakkura-Pheru-viracita-Ratnapariksadi-sapta granthasamgraha, ed. Jinavijaya Muni, Jodhpur 1961. For other editions of the individual texts, see my Thakkura Pheru's Rayanaparikkha : A Medieval Prakrit Text on Gemmology, Aligarh 1984. * This is the Kharataragaccha-yugapradhana-catuhpadika, a eulogy of the pontiffs of his sect, written in Apabhramsa. ? See Kharataragaccha-brhadgurvavali, pp. 66-68, 72-77. [ 24

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Shihabuddin Umar (1316), Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah ( 1316-1320 ) and Ghiyas- uddin Tughluq ( 1320-1325 ). 1.3 It is noteworthy that Pheru's literary activity was not limited to his caste or professional interests only but extended beyond these to encompass astrology, architecture, metallurgy etc. Though well-read in Sanskrit. Pheru did not choose that language for his scientific writings nor did he choose the literary Prakrit of the Jaina clergy but wrote instead a mixture of Prakrit and Apabhramsa. Perhaps he was reluctant to abandon Prakrit altogether but at the same time wished to be understood by a wide strata of professionals like bankers, jewellers, traders, architects and masons. This way his language probably came very close to the spoken language of his day. Though he broke with the tradition of writing in Sanskrit, he still adopted the metrical form which is more suitable for memorising. However, in order to enhance the practical utility of his works, he included a large number of tables and occasional diagrams. With this background, we shall now discuss his scientific works individually in a chronological sequence as far as possible. into three chapters. The first deals with astrological matters related to the selection of the site for house-building, auspicious moments for beginning the construction, for occupying the house etc. Normally these topics are dealt with in astrological works and not in those on architecture. But Pheru quite pragmatically includes them in his work on architecture and merely touches upon them in his book on astrology. The second chapter discusses the iconography of Jaina images and the third the architecture of various types of temples. V. S. Agrawala was of the opinion that this text "must have served as a practical hand book for architects of Jaina temples in the early Sultanate period." The Kharatara chronicle describes many instances of the construction of Jaina temples, installation of idols etc. in the Rajasthan-Delhi region in this period. It will be interesting to make a comparison of the theory expounded in this work with the extant examples of this period. 2.2 The Jyotisasara, also written in 1315, deals with the usual topics of astrology and the related areas of astronomy. This work contains many tables of computation and a detailed list of contents in Sanskrit at the end. The work is apparently meant for the use of the Jainas in the territory of Delhi, for at one place computations are given for Delhi and Hansi ; the latter was the first military outpost beyond Delhi. 2.1 The Vastusara, completed on the auspi- cious festival of the Vijayadasami ( ca. 19 September 1315 ) at Kannana, is divided 8 "A Note on Medieval Temple Architecture", Journal of the United Provinces Historical Society, XVI. 1 ( 1943 ), p. 112. & EUR ]

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At the beginning of the work, Pheru this work, Pheru states that (i) he has mentions the authorities consulted by him. studied the earlier Sanskrit texts on gemmoI list them here to indicate his vast learning. Togy, (ii) seen the ocean-like vast collection These are Haribhadra, Naracandra, Padmapra- of gems in Alauddin's treasury and (iii) bha, Jauna, Varahamihira, Lalla, Parasara and observed the gem-testing by other experts. Garga. The first three are Jainas. The Jainas To put it differently, Pheru (i) acquired held jyotisa ( i.e. astronomy, astrology and theoretical knowledge from the existing mathematics ) in high esteem and wrote a literature, (ii) had the practical experience large number of works on this subject. The of handling gems in the royal treasury, and influence of these Jaina writers on Pheru is (iii) underwent a period of apprenticeship considerable. Haribhadra ( ninth century ) under experts. One would call this a truly wrote an astrological work called Lagnakun- modern scientific approach Pheru was dalika.' Pheru apparently followed him in indeed well placed to fulfil all the three naming the chapters of his work dvaras conditions. His wide learning and good (doorways). Padmaprabha Suri's Bhuvana- command of Sanskrit enabled him to read dipika or Grahabhavaprakasa, written in Sanskrit manuals on gemmology by Buddha1164, was an immensely popular text. There bhatta, Agastya, Brhaspati and others. Seare several commentaries on it, and about condly, Alauddin amassed enormous quanthree hundred manuscripts of this work are tities of gems and precious metals during his extant today.10 Naracandra Suri (d. ca. 24 campaigns, and his treasury must indeed August 1230 ) was a teacher of the famous have resembled an ocean full of gems. There Vastupala and the author of the Jyotisasara, can be no doubt that many of the gems also known as Naracandra or Naracandra- were of a rare quality. An exquisite diamond paddhati. This was also a very popular work, said to have been acquired by Alauddin for there are some two hundred and odd reached the hands of the Mughal emperor manuscripts available today.11 Pheru's aim Babur in 1523. Babur states that it is so seems to be to present the teachings of valuable that a judge of diamonds valued it these Sanskrit works in simple Prakrit. at half the daily expense of the whole 2.3 The Ratnapariksa on gemmology was world"12 Thirdly, Alauddin's court bosted also written in 1315. At the beginning of of Muslim experts also who were well versed 9 Cf. Ambalal P. Shah, Jaina Sahitya ka Brhad Itihas, Vol. V, Varanasi 1969, p. 168. 19 Cf. David Pingree, Census of the Exact Science in Sanskrit, Series A, Vol. 4, Philadel phia 1981, pp. 173-179. 11. Ibid., Vol. 3, Philadelphia 1976, pp. 132-36. Memoirs of Zehir-ed-Din Muhammad Babur, tr. John Leyden and William Erskins, London 1921, Vol. II, pp. 191-92. Many historians and gemmologists thought this diamond to be indentical with the famous Koh-i-Nur, but this view is no more favoured [ @

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in Islamic gemmology. The quartermaster- carats. Perhaps gems beyond this weight were general was such an expert, so was the not offered for sale in the market but were court poet Amir Khusrau. Under these surrendered to the royal treasury.13 circumstances, one would expect that Pheru's treatise would (i) present Indian Besides this innovation of a separate theories of gemmology, (ii) describe some section on the price tariff, there is another of the rarest gems in the royal treasury, and aspect where the Ratnapariksa distinguishes (iii) display some acquaintance with Islamic itself. It is the description of the gems imporgemmology, in particular with the Arab ted from Persia (spinel, cornelian and turdiscoveries about the specific gravity of quoise ). Pheru was the first Indian gemmoquo logist to describe these gems, and his inforgems. mation is quite precise and accurate as can But Pheru's aim was modest, namely to be seen from the contemporary Arabic works provide his son with a practical handbook on gemmology.14 containing the contemporary tariff of prices along with some amount of the traditional Though the Ratnapariksa cannot be theory and lore of gems. Therefore, he para- counted among Pheru's best works, it phrases the earlier writings - sometimes exemplifies certain characteristics of Pheru indiscriminately-on the mythology, proper- as a writer. These characteristics are as ties and sources of gems. About the sources, follows: (i) Where there exists a corpus of he is most careless, repeating often the traditional literature on a subject, he is content same lists of places enumerated by the ear to follow the traditional framework and to lier writers, sometimes even misunderstanding present the material in Prakrit (as in the them. But unlike the earlier writers who description of gems ). (ii) However, he mention the price of each gem separately makes innovations in the traditional framealong with its description, Pheru has an work if practical considerations demand entire section where he quotes the prices them (e.g. the price tariff ; see also 2.4 very systematically, first in verses and then below). (iii) But where there is no tradiin tables for easy reference. Though the tional literature to lean on, he writes from royal treasury might be overflowing with his practical knowledge, and is most original gems of large size, the prices quoted are and precise (eg. on the gems imported only for gems weighing up to 18.35 metric from Persia ). The Dhatutpatti (see 2.5) 13 Fernao Nuniz reports in the sixteenth century that in the kingdom of Vijayanagara all diamonds exceeding 25 ct. were to be given to the king's treasury. See Robert Sewell, A Forgotten Empire : Vijayanagara, (reprint ) Delhi 1962, p. 369. 14 Cf. Eilhard Wiedemann, Aufsaetze zur arabischen Wissenschaftsgeschichte, hrgg. Wolfdietrich Fischer, Hildesheim/New York, Vol. I, pp. 835-53. 85 ]

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and more particularly the Dravyapariksa ( see 2.6) belong to this category of original works. from this the volume of the space occupied by the doors and windows, and then reduce the remainder by three-twentieths, the latter being the volume of the mortar (III. 70-71 ). The result when divided by the volume of a single brick yields the number of bricks. AS 2.4 The Ganitasara or arithmetic in not dated but must have been written before 1318. Compared to the previous text, this one is more innovative, not so much in the theoretical portions but in the application of arithmetical rules to a wide range of areas. It is a common place to say that arithmetic is one of the most practical of sciences, its rules being employed by tra- ders, masons, carpenters, tax-collectors and the like for the calculations connected with their professions. The units of measurement and the examples to illustrate arithmetical rules given by Pheru throw a flood of light on the economic and social conditions of this period. Here a few examples will suffice. Historically more significant is the following statement : "The munaraya is like a circular tower with a spiral stairway in the middle, as far as the inside is concerned. But the difference is this : the wall contains half triangles and half circles" ( III. 80 ). The meaning of the cryptic last sentence is that in a horizontal cross-section of the munaraya, the outer circumference consists of alternate triangles and semicircles. It should be remembered that about a hundred years before this time, Qutbuddin Aibak built the Qutb Minar in Delhi and that Alauddin himself started constructing another tower twice as high. Now, the lower story of the Qutb Minar consists of alternately angular and circular columns, and it is clear that Pheru is referring here to such a tower with fluted columns. In the section on solid geometry, Pheru gives the rules for the volumes of domes (gonamta), square and circular towers with spiral stairways in the middle (payaseva), towers with fluted columns (munaraya), niches ( taka ), staircase (sopana ), bridges (pulabamdha ) and so on (Ill. 74-86 ). It should be noted that some of these are new architectural features being introduced by the Muslim rulers into India in this period. The purpose of such rules is to enable the chief mason to calculate the number of bricks or stones needed for these construc- tions. To do this calculation more exactly, Pheru informs us, one should first calculate the total volume of the wall space, subtract in another section, dealing with cloth (IV. i. 18-37 ), Pheru mentions different kinds of silk, woollen and cotton materials, the rate of shrinkage or loss in washing, cutting and sewing, and the area of cloth needed to make various types of tents. There is a last section (IV. iii. 1-17 ) listing the average yields of grains, pulses, etc. per bigha, the average yield of molasses and brown sugar per maund of sugarcane, the amount of clarified butter that can be obta [ &

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ined from cow's and buffalo's milk and so rak Shah. Pheru states that he wrote this on. Mention must also be made of Pheru's work on the basis of his direct experience of rule for converting Vikrama dates into Hijri various types of coins while he was emplodates and vice versa (IV. i. 17 ) which is yed in the Delhi mint. The expression probably the first such rule to be formulated dravyapariksa denotes the examination of in India. It must be emphasized that all this the metal content in coins or the assay. is not germane to arithmetic as such, but since there was no official rate of exchange Pheru is adapting arithmetic here to suit the at that time for different currencies, the needs of a variety of professions. official or private money exchangers priced 2.5 The Dhatutpatti, also not dated, a coin on the basis of its metal content. For deals with a heterogeneous mixture of this purpose the coins had to be assayed topics, namely origin of metals, extraction of either by melting some samples or, if the metals and perfumery articles. In the shape coins were few and of gold or silver, by it has come down, the text does not seem rubbing them on the touchstone.15 Pheru to be complete or even continuous. Perhaps states that he wrote this work for the sake here are separate extracts from the lost of his son and brother who may have been Bhugarbhaprakasa said to have been written embarking on the profession of money by Pheru. Even so, the present text offers exchangers. valuable material. The section on the per The Dravyapariksa can be divided into fumery articles describes the properties, two parts. The first part (w. 1-50 ) deals varieties, provenance and prices of camphor, mainly with the techniques of refining gold aloe wood, sandalwood, musk, saffron etc. and silver and of determining their fineness, But more important is the section which and thus provides the necessary technical discusses the techniques of extracting or background for money exchange. The second preparing brass, copper, lead, tin, bronze, part ( v. 51-149 ) can be termed a coin mercury, vermillion, red lead etc. This and catalogue and is numismatically most valuathe first part of the Dravyapariksa (to be ble. Here are described the mullu tullu discussed below ) show Pheru's familiarity davvo namam thanam, the name, provenance, with metal technology, and are unique weight, average metal content and the contributions to the history of metallurgy exchange rate in terms of the Khalji currency. in medieval India. This data is given both in verses and in 2.6 The Dravyapariksa was written in tables for some 260 types of coins belong1318 during the reign of Qutbuddin Muba- ing to the thirteenth and early fourteenth 15 See my paper, 'Varnamalika System of Determining the Fineness of Gold in Ancient and Medieval India". Aruna-Bharati : Professor A. N. Jani Felicitation Volume, Baroda 1983, pp. 369-389.

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centuries, issued by various kingdoms of northern India. Some of the coins described here are no more extant and the Dravya- pariksa remains the only testimony we have for the monetary history of several kingdoms. Of the names listed by Pheru, some are based on the denomination, some on the king who issued them, some on the shape and some on the ornaments The different kingdoms that issued these coins include Khurasan, Multan, Jalandhar, Banaras, Tahangarh, Malwa, Canderi, Devagiri, Gujarat, Narwar and, of course, Delhi. It is worth noting that where a number of coins from a single kingdom are listed, these are arran- ged in the correct chronological sequence. Now we turn to the most valuable data, the metal content. In the case of gold and silver coins, Pheru gives their degree of fineness. For coins made of alloy, the weight of each metal per 100 specimens is listed. Such information must have been obtained by Pheru, in most cases, by his own assay. Some of his assays, done through what would be considered primitive methods today, have been compared with modern assays and found to be quite accurate.16 and 63 types by the latter. It should be noted that Mubarak issued these 63 types during the brief span of his reign from 1316 to 1318. Apart from the large number of types, the quality of his coinage was far superior to that of his predecessors. Nelson Wright observes : "The coinage of Qutbuddin Mubark stands out for its boldness of design and the variety of its inscriptions... There is perhaps no finer coin in the whole preMughal series than the broad square gold tankah of high relief struck at Qutbabad Fort, Occupying a high position at the mint, Pheru must have had an active role in issuing these diverse types of coins and in the improvements in minting technology. It is indeed fortunate that he shared his master's enthusiasm for coins and, drawing upon his own experience and that of his caste, left us an excellent guide to the coinage of norther 3.0 It is now pertinent to ask whether Pheru's attempt at popularisation of science has had any impact or emulation. Pherhaps a thorough survey of the Jaina Mss. collections in Gujarat and Rajasthan may one day bring to light some scientific texts written in popular speech, but on the whole the tradition of writing in Sanskrit metres was so strong that Pheru's example was rarely followed. On gemmology, however, there The most interesting and comprehensive list is naturally of the coinage issued by the Sultans of Delhi, especially Alauddin and his successor Qutbuddin Mubarak. Pheru lists 12 types of coins issued by the former 16 Cf. John Scott Deyell, op. cit., I, p. 344. 17 H. Nelson Wright, The Coinage and Metrology of the Sultans of Delhi, (reprint) New Delhi 1974, pp. 107-8. [ op

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are some texts written in old Hindi and old Rajasthani by jewellers and even by Jaina monks. But these are faithful renderings of the Sanskrit originals and do not exhibit any innovations.18 An old Gujarati text of the fifteenth or sixteenth century called Vividhavarnaka enumerates tamkapariksa (i.e. examination of coins ) as one of the sciences, 19 but except the Dravyapariksa no other text on this subject has been discov. ered so far. Just as English is used today in India for the sake of pan-Indian or even worldwide communication, the Hindu and Jaina scientists wrote in the pan-Indian medium of Sanskrit until it was replaced by English. Thakkura Pheru, therefore, remains the only versatile scholar to have attempted to popularise science. 18 Cf. Agarchand Nahata and Bhanwar Lal Nahata, Ratnapariksa, Calcutta n. d. 19 See Varnaka-Samuccaya, ed. B. J. Sandesera, Pt 1, Baroda 1956, p. 48. up ]

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padmasundara kI eka ajJAta racanA : yadusundara - DaoN0 satyavrata gavarnameNTa kaoNleja, zrI gaMgAnagara (rAja0 ) tapAgaccha ke suvijJAta AcArya tathA samrATa akabara ke AdhyAtmika mitra upAdhyAya padmasundara kA yadusundaramahAkAvya unakI nava prApta kRti hai| jaina sAhitya meM kAlidAsa, mAgha Adi prAcIna agraNI kaviyoM ke anukaraNa para athavA unakI samasyApUrti ke rUpa meM to kucha kAvyoM kA nirmANa huA hai, kintu yadusundara ekamAtra aisA mahAkAvya hai, jisameM saMskRta mahAkAvya - paramparA kI mahAnatA evaM tucchatA ke samanvita pratIka, zrIharSa ke naiSadhacarita ko rUpAntarita ( eDepTa ) karane kA dussAdhya kArya kiyA gayA hai / mahAn kRti kA rUpAntaraNa viSa ke samAna hai, jisase Ahata maulikatA ko pANDityapUrNa krIr3AoM kI saMjIvanI se bhI punarjIvita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / padmasundara ne zrIharSa kI dRpta bahuzrutatA, kRtrima bhASA tathA jaTila - durUha zailI ke kAraNa vajravat durmeMdyaya naiSadhacarita kA upayogI rUpAntara prastuta karane kA prazaMsanIya prayatna kiyA hai kintu use anekazaH, apanI asahAyatA athavA naiSadha ke durdharSa AkarSaNa ke kAraNa kAvya ko saMkSepa karane ko bAdhya honA par3A hai jisase yadusundara kahIM-kahIM rUpAntara kI apekSA naiSadhacarita ke laghu saMskaraNa kA AbhAsa detA hai / yadusundara meM mathurAdhipati yadurAja samudravijaya ke anuja vasudeva tathA vidyAdhara- sundarI kanakA ke vivAha tathA vivAhottara keliyoM kA varNana hai, jo prAyaH sarvatra zrIharSa kA anugAmI hai / yadusundara abhI amudrita hai / bAraha sargoM ke isa mahattvapUrNa kAvya kI ekamAtra upalabdha hastaprati ( saMkhyA 2858, puNya ), ahamadAbAda sthita lAlapata bhAI dalapata bhAI bhAratIvidyA saMsthAna meM surakSita hai / prastuta vivecana, 54 patroM ke isI patralekha para AdhArita hai 1 kavi paricaya tathA racanAkAla : padmasundara una jaina sAdhuoM meM agragaNya the, jinakA mugala samrATa akabara se ghaniSTha sambandha thA / unakI maitrI kI puSTi padmasundara ke granthoM se bhI hotI hai / akabara zAhi zRMgAra darpaNa se spaSTa hai ki akabara kI sabhA meM padmasundara ko usI prakAra pratiSThita pada prApta thA, jaise jayarAja bAvara ko mAnya thA aura AnandarAya ( sambhavataH Anandameru ) humAyU~ ko / harSakItiracita dhAtutaraMgiNI ke nimnokta ullekha ke anusAra padmasundara na kevala akabara kI sabhA meM samAdRta the, unheM jodhapura nareza mAladeva se bhI yatheSTa sammAna prAptathA / samrAT akabara ne jo granthasaMgraha AcArya hIravijaya ko bheMTa kiyA thA, vaha unheM tapAgacchIya padmasundara se prApta huA thA / unake divaMgata hone para vaha grantharAzi samrAT ke pAsa surakSita thI / padmasundara ke paravartI kavi deva vimalagaNi ne apane hIra saubhAgya meM isa ghaTanA tathA ukta grantha rAzi meM sammilita prastuta yadusundara sahita nAnA granthoM kA AdarapUrvaka ullekha kiyA hai| hIravijaya akabara se samvat 1636 meM 1 zRGgAradarpaNa, prazasti, 2 / 2 (a) hIrasaubhAgya, 14.61-62, 66 / ( A ) vahI, 14.66, svopajJaTIkA : kAvyAni kAdambarI - padmAnanda-yadusundarAdyAni / [ 73

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phatehapura sIkarI meM mile the| padmasundara kA nidhana nizcaya chor3a kara vidyAdhara-nagarI meM zaraNa letA hai| dvitIya sarga hI isase pUrva ho cukA thaa| padmasundara kA pramANasundara meM eka haMsa, kanakA ke mahala meM Akara, 'yadukula ke gagana zAyada sambat 1632 kI racanA hai / isa AdhAra para paNDita ke sUrya' vasudeva ke guNoM kA bakhAna karatA hai / vasudeva kA nAthUrAma premI ne unakI mRtyu saM01632 tathA 1636 ke bIca citra dekhakara kanakA adhIra ho jAtI hai| haMsa usakI mAnI hai / parantu yadusundara kI praur3hatA ko dekhate hue yaha manorathapUrti kA vacana dekara ur3a jAtA hai| virahavyathita padamasundara kI antima kRti pratIta hotI hai| hIra saubhAgya kanakA ko saccidAnanda se sAndra brahma ke advata rUpa kI meM jisa mArmikatA se samrATa ke bhAvocchavAsa kA nirUpaNa taraha sarvatra vasudeva dikhAI detA hai| tatIya sarga ke kiyA gayA hai, usase bhI saMketa milatA hai ki padmasundara prArambhika 33 padyoM meM kanakA ke vipralambha kA varNana hai / kA nidhana eka-do varSa pUrva arthAt saM0 1637-38 dhanapati kuvera bAhyodyAna meM Akara vasudeva ko kanakA ke (san 1580-81) ke Asa-pAsa huA thA / yadi pAsa, usakA praNaya nivedana karane ke liye dUta bana kara jAne padmasundara kA dehAnta saM0 1637-38 meM mAnA jAe, ko prerita karatA hai| kubera ke prabhAva se vaha, adRzya rUpa to yadusundara ko samvat 1632 ( pramANa sundara kA racanA- meM, beroka antaHpura meM pahu~ca jAtA hai ( bhavatu tanuH pareravarSa) tathA 1638 ko madhyavartI kAla meM racita mAnanA lakSyA 3.72) / vahA~ vaha vAstavika rUpa meM prakaTa hokara sarvathA saMgata hogA, yadyapi kAvya meM prAnta prazasti kA kubera ke pUrvarAga kI vedanA kA hRdayaspazI varNana karatA hai abhAva hai tathA anyatra bhI isake racanAkAla kA koI sUtra aura kanakA ko usakA varaNa karane ke liye prerita karatA hastagata nahIM hotaa| hai (zrIdaM pati nanu vRNuSva 3.147) / dUta use devoM kI upAdhyAya padamasundara apanI bahamukhI vidvatA ke zakti tathA svarga ke sukhoM kA pralobhana dekara, kuvera kI kAraNa khyAta haiN| unhoMne kAvya, jyotiSa, darzana, koza, aura unmukha karane kA prayatna avazya karatA hai para kanakA sAhityazAstra Adi ke granthoM se sAhityika nidhi ko aDiga rahatI hai| dUta dhanapati ko chor3a kara sAdhAraNa samRddha banAyA hai| zRGgAra darpaNa ke atirikta unakI prAyaH puruSa ( vasudeva ) kA varaNa karane ke usake nizcaya kI anya sabhI racanAe~ aprakAzita haiN| pArzvanAtha kAvya ke bAlizatA kI kar3I bhartsanA karatA hai| usakI avicala kucha sarga 'sambodhi' meM prakAzita hue haiN| devavimala ne niSThA tathA karuNAlApa se dUta antataH dravita ho jAtA hai hIrasaubhAgya kI svopajJa TIkA meM padmasundara ke aura vaha dautya ko bhUla kara sambhamavaza apanA yathArtha mAlavarAgajinadhravapada se uddharaNa diye haiM,5 jo abhI taka paricaya de detA hai| pati ko sAkSAta dekhakara kanakA ajJAta tathA anupalabdha hai| 'lajjA ke sindhu' meM DUba gyii| vasudeva vApisa Akara kubera ko vAstavikatA se avagata karAtA hai| caturtha sarga kathAnaka meM devatA, vibhinna dvIpoM ke adhipati aura pRthvI ke dRpta yadusundara kI kathAvastu yaduvaMzIya vasudeva tathA evaM pratApI zAsaka, kanakA ke svayaMbara meM Ate haiM / kuvera vidyAdhara rAjakumArI kanakA ke vivAha tathA vivAho- kI aMgUThI pahanane se vasudeva bhI kubera ke samAna pratIta parAnta krIr3AoM ke durbala AdhAratantu para avalambita hai| hone lagatA hai aura sabhA ko do kuberoM kA bhrama ho jAtA paurAMganAoM ke prati apane ucchakhala AcaraNa ke kAraNa, hai| sarga ke zeSa bhAga tathA paMcama sarga meM vetradhAriNI dasa agraja samudravijaya kI bhartsanA se ruSTa hokara vasudeva deza Agantuka rAjAoM kA kramika paricaya detI hai| chaThe sarga 3 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 366 / 4 sambodhi, 1011-4 / 5 hIrasaubhAgya, 11.135, TIkA : 'jinavacana paddhatirukti caMgima mAlinI' iti padmasundara kRta mAlavarAga jindhruvpde| 74 ]

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meM vAstavika kubera tathA kuvera rUpadhArI vasudeva kA varNana hai / rUpasAmya ke kAraNa kanakA ulajhana meM par3a jAtI hai / aMgUThI utArane se vasudeva kA yathArtha rUpa prakaTa ho jAtA hai / kanakA mAlA pahanAkara usakA varaNa karatI hai / saptama sarga meM kramazaH kanakA tathA vasudeva kI vivAhapUrva sajjA kA varNana hai / kanakA kA pANigrahaNa, vivAhottara bhoja tathA navavadhU kI vidAI aSTama sarga kA viSaya hai / SaD Rtu varNana para AdhArita navam sarga citrakAvya ke camatkAra se paripUrNa hai I dasaveM sarga meM ariSTapura kI rAjakumArI rohiNI svayaMvara meM anya rAjAoM ko chor3a kara, vidyAbala se pracchanna vasudeva kA varaNa karatI hai jisase unameM yuddha Thana jAtA hai / gyArahaveM sarga meM navadampati ke mathurA meM Agamana tathA sambhoga krIr3A kA varNana hai / bArahaveM sarga meM sandhyA, candrodaya tathA prabhAta ke paramparA - gata varNana ke sAtha kAvya samApta ho jAtA hai / dusundara kI racanA yadyapi naiSadha kA saMkSipta rUpAntara karane ke liye kI gayI hai tathApi ghaTanAoM ke saMyojana meM padmasundara apanI sImAoM aura uddezya donoM ko bhUla gaye haiM / unakI dRSTi meM svayaMvara kAvya kI sabase mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA hai | kAvya ke cauthAI bhAga ko svayaMvara - varNana para kSaya karane kA yahI kAraNa ho sakatA hai / nissandeha yaha usake AdarzabhUta naiSadha carita ke atyadhika prabhAva kA phala hai | pAMca sargoM kA svayaMvara varNana (10 - 14 ) naiSadha ke virAT kalevara meM phira bhI kisI prakAra khapa jAtA hai / yadusundara meM, cAra sargoM meM ( 4-6, 10), svayaMvara kA anupAtahIna varNana kavi kI kathAvimukhatA kI parAkASThA hai / antima sarga ko navadampati kI kAmakeliyoM kA uddIpaka bhI mAna liyA jAe, naveM sarga kA Rtu varNana kAvyazAstrIya niyamoM kI khAnApUrti ke liye kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| dasaveM sarga meM rohiNI ke svayaMvara kA citraNa sarvathA anAvazyaka hai| yaha vasudeva ke raNazaurya ko ujAgara karane kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai jo mahAkAvya ke nAyaka ke liye Avazyaka hai| ye sabhI sarga kathAnaka ke svAbhAvika avayava na hokara balAt cipakAye gaye pratIta hote haiM / inhoMne kAvya kA AdhA bhAga har3apa liyA hai / yadusundara kA mUla kathAnaka zeSa chaH sargoM taka sImita hai / padmasundara ko prApta zrIharSa kA dAya: yadusundara tathA naiSadha carita : naiSadha carita kI pANDityapUrNa jaTilatA tathA zailI kI kliSTatA ke kAraNa uttaravartI kavi usakI ora usa taraha pravRtta nahIM hue, jaise unhoMne kAlidAsa athavA mAgha ke dAya ko grahaNa kiyA hai| padmasundara naiSadha carita ke guNoM (?) para mugdha the para usakA vizAla AkAra unake liye dussAdhya thA / ataH unhoMne yadusundara meM naiSadha kA alpAkAra saMskaraNa prastuta karane kA gambhIra udyoga kiyA hai / kathAnaka kI parikalpanA aura viniyoga meM padmasundara zrIharSa ke itane RNI haiM ki yadusundara ko, mitra pAtroM se yukta naiSadha kI praticchAyA kahanA anucita na hogA / dusundara ke prathama sarga meM yaduvaMza kI rAjadhAnI mathurA kA varNana naiSadha carita ke dvitIya sarga meM vidarbha kI rAjadhAnI kuNDinapura ke varNana se prerita hai / zrIharSa ne nagaravarNana ke dvArA kAvyazAstrI niyamoM ko udAhRta kiyA hai, mathurA ke sAmAnya varNana meM usakI svarga se zreSThatA pramANita karane kI pravRtti lakSita hotI hai / dvitIya sarga meM naiSadha ke do sargoM ( 3,7 ) ko rUpAntarita kiyA gayA hai| kanakA kA saundarya citraNa spaSTataH damayantI ke nakhazikha varNana ( saptama sarga ) para AdhArita tathA usase atyadhika prabhAvita hai / zrIharSa kI bhA~ti padmasundara ne bhI rAjakumArI ke vibhinna aMgoM kA ekAdhika padyoM meM varNana karane kI paddhati grahaNa kI hai parantu usakA varNana saMkSipta tathA kramabhaMga se dUSita hai, hAlAMki yaha naiSadha kI zabdAvalI se bharapUra hai / sarga ke uttarArddha meM haMsa kA dautya naiSadha ke tRtIya sarga ke samAnAntara prasaMga kA anugAmI hai / donoM kAvyoM meM haMsa ko, nAyikA ko nAyaka ke prati anurakta karane kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA sauMpI gayI hai jisake phalasvarUpa vaha apane premI ke sAnnidhya ke liye adhIra ho jAtI hai / donoM kAvya meM haMsoM ke tarka samAna haiM tathA ve antataH nAyakoM ko dautya kI saphalatA se avagata karate haiM / tRtIya sarga meM padmasundara ne naiSadha cara ke pUre pA~ca vizAlakAya sargoM ko saMkSipta karane kA ghanaghora parizrama kiyA hai / kanakA ke pUrvarAga ke citraNa para damayantI ke vipralambha-varNana ( caturtha sarga ) kA itanA [ 75

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gaharA prabhAva hai ki isameM zrIharSa ke bhAvoM kI, lagabhaga usI kI zabdAvalI meM, AvRtti karake santoSa kara liyA gayA hai| zrIharSa ne kAvyAcAryoM dvArA nirdhArita vibhinna zArIrika tathA manovaijJAnika viraha dazAoM ko isa prasaMga meM udAhRta kiyA hai / padmasundara kA varNana isa pravRtti se mukta hai tathA kevala 47 padyoM taka sImita hai / dUtakarma svIkAra karane se pUrva vasudeva ko vahI AzaMkAe~ mathita karatI haiM ( 3.57-70 ) jinase nala pIr3ita hai ( naiSadha 5. 66-137 I dUta kA mahala meM, adRzya rUpa meM praveza tathA vahA~ usakA AcaraNa donoM kAvyoM meM samAna rUpa se varNa hai / 6 zrIharSa ne chaThe sarga kA adhikatara bhAga damayantI ke sabhAgRha, dUtI kI uktiyoM tathA damayantI ke samartha pratyuttara (6.58 - 110 ) para vyaya kara diyA hai ; padma sundara ne samAna prabhAva tathA adhika spaSTatA ke sAtha use mAtra caubIsa padyoM meM nibaddha kiyA hai| agale 47 padyoM se veSTita tRtIya sarga kA aMza naiSadha ke AThaveM sarga kA pratirUpa hai / kubera ke pUrvarAga kA varNana (3.12241) naiSadha carita ke AThaveM sarga meM dikpAloM kI viraha vedanA kI pratidhvani mAtra hai ( 8.64 - 108 ) / antima sATha padya naiSadha carita ke navama sarga kA laghu saMskaraNa prastuta karate haiM / unameM viSayavastu kI bhinnatA nahIM hai aura bhASA tathA zailI meM paryApta sAmya hai / dUta kA apanA bheda surakSita rakhane kA prayatna, nAyikA kA usakA nAmadhAma jAnane kA Agraha tathA dUta ke prastAvakA pratyAkhyAna, nAyikA ke karuNa vilApa se dravita hokara dUta kA Atmaparicaya denA - ye samUcI ghaTanAe~ donoM kAvyoM meM par3hI jA sakatI haiN| zrIharSa ko isa saMvAda kI preraNA kumArasambhava ke paMcama sarga se milI hogii| vahA~ bhI ziva veSa badala kara Ate haiM aura anta meM apanA vAstavika rUpa prakaTa karate haiM / naiSadha carita tathA yadusundara meM damayantI aura kanakA dUta kI uktiyoM kA mu~hator3a javAba detI haiM" jabaki pArvatI ke pAsa bahu ke tarkoM kA samartha uttara kevala 6 yadusundara, 3.72-114; naiSadhacarita, 6.8-44 / yadusundara, 3.150-157; naiSadha carita, 6.27-32 / * saMsAramAtmanA tanoSi saMsAramasaMzayaM yataH / naiSadha0, 6.104 / tadvinducyutakamapAtAnmAM dAMtameva kimu dAtamalaM karoSi / yadusundara, 3.160 / 7 76 ] yahI hai-na kAmavRttirvacanIyamIkSate ( kumAra 5.82 ) / kAlidAsa ke umA - baTu-saMvAda meM manovaijJAnika mArmikatA hai / zrIharSa aura padmasundara isa komala prasaMga meM bhI citra kAvya ke gorakha dhandhe meM phaMse rahate haiM / unheM rotI huI damayantI tathA kanakA aisI dikhAI detI haiM, jaise AMsU girA kara kramazaH 'saMsAra' kA 'sasAra' tathA 'dAMta' ko 'dAta' banAtI huI binducyutaka kAvya kI racanA kara rahI hoN| " padmasundara ke svayaMvara - varNana para naiSadha kA prabhAva spaSTa hai / zrIharSa kA svayaMvara-varNana alaukikatA kI partoM meM dabA huA hai / usameM pRthvItala ke zAsakoM ke atirikta devoM, nAgoM, yakSa, gandharvoM Adi kA vizAla jamaghaTa hai, jisakA zrIharSa ne pUre pAMca sargoM meM (10-14) jamakara varNana kiyA hai / yadusundara kA varNana bhI isake samAna hI kathAnaka ke pravAha meM durladhya avarodha paidA karatA hai / padmasundara ne naiSadha meM varNita bAraha rAjAoM meM se dasa ko yathAvata grahaNa kiyA hai, para vaha naiSadha kI bhAMti atimAnavIya karma nahIM hai yadyapi usameM bhI devoM, gandharvoM Adi kA nirbhrAnta saMketa milatA hai| varNana kI laukika prakRti ke anurUpa padmasundara ne abhyAgata rAjAoM kA paricaya dene kA kArya kanakA kI sakhI ko sauMpA hai, jo kAlidAsa kI sunandA ke adhika nikaTa hai / zrIharSa ne raghuvaMza ke chaThe sarga ke indumatI svayaMvara kI sajIvatA ko vikRta banAkara use eka rUr3hi kA rUpa de diyA hai / sAtaveM sarga meM vara-vadhU kA vivAha pUrva AhArya prasAdhana naiSadha ke pandrahaveM sarga kA, bhAva tathA ghaTanAkrama meM itanA RNI hai ki use zrIharSa ke prAsaMgika varNana kI pratimUrti mAnA jA sakatA hai / kahanA na hogA, naiSadha kA yaha varNana svayaM kumArasambhava ke saptama sarga para AdhArita hai, jahA~ isI prakAra vara-vadhU ko sajAyA jA rahA hai / vivAhasaMskAra tathA vivAhottara sahabhoja ke varNana ( aSTama sarga )

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meM padmasundara ne apane zabdoM meM naiSadha ke solahaveM sarga padmasundara ke pArzvanAtha kAvya meM pracAravAdI svara kI AvRtti mAtra kara dI hai| naiSadha ke samAna isameM bhI mukhara haiM para yadusundara meM kavi kA jo bimba ubharatA hai, bArAtiyoM aura pariveSikAoM kA hAsa-parihAsa bahudhA vaha camatkAravAdI AlaMkArika kA bimba hai| yaha spaSTataH amaryAdita hai| kheda hai, padmasundara ne apanI pavitratA- naiSadha ke atizaya prabhAva kA pariNAma hai / padmasundara kA vAdI vRtti ko bhUlakara ina azlIlatAoM ko bhI kAvya uddezya 'grantha granthi' se kAvya ko jaTila banAnA nahIM hai, meM sthAna diyA hai| agale do sarga naiSadha se svatantra haiN| parantu usakA kAvya neSadha kI mUlavRtti tathA kAvya antima do sarga, jinameM kramazaH ratikrIr3A aura sandhyA, rUr3hiyoM se zanya nahIM hai| padmasundara ko zrIharSa kI taraha candrodaya Adi ke varNana haiM, naiSadha ke atyadhika RNI haiN| zRMgArakalA kA kavi mAnanA to ucita nahIM hai, na hI kAlidAsa, kumAradAsa tathA zrIharSa ke atirikta padma vaha kAmazAstra kA adhyayana karane ke bAda kAvya racanA sundara hI aisA kavi hai jisane vara-vadha ke prathama samAgama meM pravRtta huA hai para jisa muktatA se usane vivAhottara kA varNana kiyA hai| svayaM zrIharSa kA varNana kumArasambhava bhoja meM bArAtiyoM ke hAsa-parihAsa aura navadampatI kI ke aSTama sarga se prabhAvita hai| zrIharSa ne kAlidAsa ke rati keli kA varNana kiyA hai, vaha usakI rati vizAradatA bhAvoM ko hI nahIM, rathoddhatA chanda ko bhI grahaNa kiyA hai| kA nizcita saMketa hai| kanakA kA nakhazikha varNana yadusundara ke gyArahaveM sarga meM bhI yahI chanda prayukta hai| (2.1-47) bhI usakI kAmazAstra meM pravINatA ko bArahaveM sarga kA candrodaya Adi kA varNana, naiSadha kI taraha bimbita karatA hai| aSTam sarga kA jyaunAra-varNana to (sarga 21) navadampatI kI sambhogakeliyoM ke liye samu- khullamakhullA maryAdA kA ullaMghana hai| usake antargata varaNa nirmita karatA hai| isameM zrIharSa ke bArAtiyoM aura pariveSikAoM kI kucha ceSTAeM bahuta bhAvoM tathA zabdAvalI kI kamI nahIM hai| vastutaH kAvya phUhar3a aura azlIla haiM / 1. zrIharSa ke samAna ina azlIlameM maulikatA ke nAma para bhASA hai, yadyapi usameM bhI zrIharSa tAoM ko padmasundara kI vilAsitA kA dyotaka mAnanA kI bhASA kA gaharA puTa hai| to zAyada ucita nahIM para yaha usakI pavitratAvAdI dhArmika vRtti para karArA vyaMgya hai, isameM do mata nahIM ho skte| padmasundara kI kAvya pratibhA: naiSadhacarita ke isa sarvavyApI prabhAva ke kAraNa padma- AdarzabhUta naiSadhacarita kI bhA~ti yadusundara kA sundara ko maulikatA kA zreya denA usake prati anyAya aMgI rasa zRgAra hai / padmasundara ko navarasoM kA prmpraahogaa| yadusundara meM jo kucha hai, vaha prAyaH saba zrIharSa gata vidhAna mAnya hai (navarasanilayaH ko nu sauhityakI pU~jI hai| phira bhI ise sAmAnyataH padmasundara kI meti 283) para vaha zRMgAra kI sarvoccatA para mugdha 'maulika' racanA mAnakara kavi kI kAvya pratibhA kA hai| usakI paribhASA meM zRMgAra kI tulanA meM anya rasa mUlyAMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai| tuccha haiM (anya rasAtizAyI zRMgAra 6.53) / zAnta 9 vistRta vivecana ke liye dekhiye merA nibandha 'Yadusundara: A Unique Adaptation of Naisadhacarita', VIJ ( Hoshiarpur ), xx. 103-123. anyaH sphuTa sphaTika catvara saMsthitAyAstanvyA vararAMgamanabimbitamokSamANaH / sAmAjikeSu nayanAMcala sUcanena sAMhAsinaM sphuTamacIkaradaccha haasH|| yadu0, 8.37 vRttaM nidhAya nijabhojane'sau sanmodakadvayamatIva puraH sthitaayaaH| saMghAya vakSasi dRzaM karamardanAni cakre trapAnatamukhI sumukhI babhUva // vahI, 8.52 prAgarthayannikRta eSa vilAsavatyA tatsuMmukhaM viTapatiH sa bhuji kriyAyAm / kSiptvAMgulIH svavadane nanu mArjitAnalehApadezata iyaM parito'nunItA // vahI, 854 [ 77 '

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rasa ko to usane jar3atA kA janaka mAna kara usakI khillI hai| para padamasundara ne 'bhUbhUta' ko samasta pada meM DAla ur3AyI hai (zAntarasaikamandadhI 4.41) / yadusundara meM kara kalpanA ke saundarya aura kAvyAtmaka prabhAva ko naSTa yadyapi zRgAra ke donoM pakSoM kA vyApaka citraNa milatA hai kara diyA hai| ataH mula kI bhA~ti yaha nAyikA kI kintu kathAnaka kI prakRti ke anurUpa isameM vipralambha ko vyathA kI vyaMjanA nahIM karA sktii| adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| tRtIya sarga meM kanakA aura kubera ke pUrvarAga kA varNana hai, jo naiSadha ke kramazaH caturtha tanutanuruha javyadhato vyathA bhavati tatra vilAsavatIhRdi / . yadujabhUbhadasau sthitimAzrayadyaduta bAdhata eva kimadabhutam / / tathA aSTam sarga kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| nirAza kanakA kI vipralambhoktiyA~ bhI isI sarga meM samAhita haiN| parantu kavi ne zrIharSa ke padacihnoM para calakara, apane nimnokta padya kanakA ke viraha kI tIvratA ko adhika viprayoga-nirUpaNa para kalpanA-zIlatA kI itanI moTI parte prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se vyakta karatA hai| vaha hRdaya meM dhadhakatI car3hA dI haiM ki vipralambha kI vedanA kA AbhAsa taka nahIM jvAlA ko zAnta karane ke liye vakSa para sarasa kamala rakhanA hotaa| samUcA vipralambha-varNana ahoktiyoM kA saMkalana- cAhatI hai para vaha kamala usake aMgoM kA sparza kare, isake sA pratIta hotA hai| aise komala prasaMgoM meM kAlidAsa pUrva hI usakI garma AhoM se jalakara bIca meM hI rAkha tIva bhAvodreka karatA hai para padamasundara saMvedanA se zUnya ho jAtA hai| kalpanA sacamuca bahuta manorama hai| pratIta hotA hai| usapara apanI nAyikA kI virahavedanA virahadAhazamAya gRhANa nijakaraNa saroja murojayoH / kA koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| use rotI kanakA A~sU drutamapi zvasitoSmasamIraNAdajani mummura ityajahAttataH // girA kara 'dAnta' ko 'dAta' banAtI tathA prema kAvya kI racanA karatI pratIta hotI hai (3.160, 174) / 3.21 nissandeha yaha neSadha kA rUpAntara kI vivazatA kA pariNAma yaha asahAyatA kI parAkASThA hai| kahanA na hogA, hai para ina kliSTa kalpanAoM aura hathakaNDoM ke kAraNa hI yaha kalpanA bhI neSadha caritra se lI gayI hai| 12 usakA vipralambha citraNa niSprANa tathA prabhAvazUnya banA hai| yadasandara ke gyArahaveM sarga meM sambhoga zugAra kA usameM sahRdaya bhAvuka ke mAnasa ko chUne kI kSamatA nahIM hai, madhura citraNa hai| yadyapi yaha varNana kAlidAsa tathA zrIharSa bhale hI kanakA krandana karatI rahe yA apane bhAgya ko ke prAsaMgika varNanoM se prerita hai, para isameM unhIM kI bhA~ti gavAnI perita hai. para dama randrI: kosatI rhe| vara-vadhU ke prathama samAgama kA manovaijJAnika nirUpaNa kiyA - kacha kalpanAe~ avazya hI anaThI haiN| yadi zarIra meM gayA hai| lajIlI navavadhU samaya bItane ke sAtha-sAtha choTA-sA bAla bhI cabha jAe, usase bhI pIDA hotI hai| kese anukUla banatI jAtI hai, padmasundara ne isakA hRdayakanakA ko vedanA kA anumAna karanA kaThina hai kyoMki grAhI aMkana kiyA hai| bhAvasandhi kA yaha citra navoDhA usake komala hRdaya meM choTA-moTA bAla nahIM, vizAlakAya ke lajjA tathA kAma ke dvandva kI sazakta abhivyakti hai| pahAr3a (bhUbhRta-rAjAvasudeva) ghusa gayA hai| isa sthAtumenamanirIkSya nAdadAtsubhR vo ratipatinaM ca trapA / kalpanA kA sArA saundarya zleSa para AdhArita hai| padma- vIkSituM varayitaryanArataM tadRzau vidadhatugatAgatam // sundara kI yaha kalpanA neSadha ke eka padya kI praticchAyA 11 nivizate yadi zakazikhA pade sRjati sA kiyatImiva na vyathAm / mRdutanorvitanotu kathaM na tAmavanibhRta pravizya hRdi sthitaH / / naiSadha0, 4.11 12 smarahutAzanadIpitayA tathA bahu muhuH sarasaM sarasIruham / zrayitumardhapaye kRtamantarA vasitanirmitamarmaramujjhitam // vahI, 4.26 78 ]

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yadusundara meM vIra rasa kI bhI kaI sthaloM para niSpatti huii| dasaveM sarga kA yuddhavarNana do kaur3I kA hai / yaha vIrarasacitraNa meM kavi kI kuzalatA kI apekSA usake citrakAvya meM prema ko adhika vyakta karatA hai / vaise bhI isa varNana meM vIra rasa ke nAma para vIra rasAtmaka rUr3hiyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai jo taba taka sAhitya meM gaharI jama cukI thI / caturtha tathA paMcama sarga meM abhyAgata rAjAoM ke parAkrama ke varNana meM vIra rasa ke kucha citra sundara tathA prabhAvazAlI haiN| ve bahudhA zrIharSa ke varNanoM para AdhArita haiN| zrIharSa kI taraha padmasundara kA vIra rasa darabArI kaviyoM kA 'Tipikala vIra rasa' hai, jisameM atizayokti aura zabdachaTA kA ADambara dikhAI detA hai / sAketa nareza kI vIratA ke varNana vAle isa padya meM vIra rasa kI yahI pravRtti milatI hai / etaddordaNDa caNDadyutikaranikara trAsitA rAtirAja stasyau yAvadvizaMko drumakusumalatA kuMja puMje nilIya / vIkSyaitannAmadheyAMkita nizitazaradhvasta paMcAnanAsyo tAzakaM karakaM vrajatu vivazadhIH kAM dizaM kAMdizIkaH // 4.62 padmasundara kI prakRti naiSadha kI taraha, viyoga athavA saMyoga kI uddIpanagata prakRti hai / tRtIya sarga kA upavanavarNana ( 35-44 ), jo naiSadha ke prathama sarga ke upavana - citraNa ( 76-116 ) kA samAnAntara hai, vasudeva kI virahavedanA ko bhar3akAtA hai| naveM tathA bArahaveM sarga ke prakRti-varNana saMyoga ke uddIpana kA kAma dete haiM / ye kramazaH vasudeva tathA rohiNI aura kanakA kI sambhoga krIr3AoM ke liye samucita pRSThabhUmi nirmita karate haiM / naveM sarga meM RtuvarNana ke dvArA zAstrIya niyamoM kI khAnApUrti karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| citrakAvya para samUcA dhyAna kendrita hone ke kAraNa padmasundara yahA~ prakRti kA bimbacitra prastuta karane meM saphala nahIM hue haiM 1 upajIvya naiSadha ke samAna yadusundara ke bArahaveM sarga 13 naiSadha0, 22-13 ; yadusundara, 12 8 / 14 naiSadha0, 22 32 ; yadusundara, 12-15 / 15 yadusundara 12-74 | kA prakRti-varNana dUrArUr3ha kalpanAoM aura aprastutoM ke durvaha bojha se AkrAnta hai / zrIharSa ke kAvya meM pANDityapUrNa ur3Ana kI kamI nahIM hai para unnIsaveM aura bIsaveM sargoM meM vaha saba sImAoM ko lAMgha gayA | ina varNanoM meM usane aisI vikaTa kalpanAe~ kI haiM, jo varNya viSaya ko spaSTa karane kI apekSA use dhUmila kara detI haiM / yadusundara meM una sabako Aropita karanA sambhava nahIM thA, phira bhI padmasundara ne zrIharSa ke aprastutoM ko udAratA se grahaNa kiyA hai / sandhyA ke samaya lAlimA dhIre-dhIre miTatI jAtI hai aura tAre AkAza meM chiTaka jAte haiM, isa dRzya ke citraNa meM padmasundara ne zrIharSa ke kaI bhAvoM kI AvRtti kI hai| usane pahale rUpaka ke dvArA isakA varNana kiyA / sandhyA rUpI siMhI ne dina ke hAthI ko apane nakhoM se phAr3a diyA hai / usakI vizAla kAyA se bahatA rakta, sAndhya rAga ke rUpa meM, AkAza meM phaila gayA hai aura usake vidIrNa mastaka se jharate motI tAre banakara chiTaka gaye haiM ( 12.6 ) | zrIharSa ne AkAza ko mUrkha ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai, jisane sUrya kA svarNapiNDa beca kara badale meM, kaur3iyA~ kharIda lI haiM / padmasundara ne isake viparIta astAcala ko vyavahAra kuzala kretA kA rUpa diyA hai / usane sandhyA kI Aga meM zuddha sUrya rUpI svarNapiNDa hathiyA liyA hai aura usake badale meM AkAza ko nirarthaka kaur3iyA~ ( tAreM ) beca dI hai / 13 sUrya ke asta hone para cAroM ora aMdherA girane lagA hai / kavi kI kalpanA hai ki kAjala banAne ke liye sUrya rUpI dIpaka para AkAza kA sikorA auMdhA rakhA gayA thaa| kAjala itanA bhArI ho gayA hai ki vaha vizAla sikorA bhI usake bhAra se daba kara nIce gira gayA hai| usane dIpaka ko bujhA diyA hai| aura vaha kAjala andhakAra bana kara cAroM tarapha bikhara gayA hai / 14 zrIharSa ke anukaraNa para padmasundara ne sUrya ko bAz2a kA rUpa dekara santulana kI saba sImAoM ko lAMgha diyA hai / 15 ina kliSTa kalpanAoM ne padmasundara ke prakRtivarNana ko UhAtmaka banA diyA hai / [

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pahale saMketa kiyA gayA hai ki padmasundara kI bhASA hai| isameM kevala eka vyaMjana-ka ke AdhAra para racanA para bhI zrIharSa kA gaharA prabhAva hai| jahA~ usane upajIvya ke dvArA kavi ne apanA pANDitya baghArA hai / kAvya kA svatantra rUpAntara kiyA hai, vahA~ usakI bhASA, kuH kAM kakaMka kaikA kikAkaku kaikikA / usake pArzvanAtha kAvya kI taraha, vizada tathA sarala hai; kAM kAM kakakakA kAka kakAkuH kaMkakA kakA / 10.44 parantu jahA~ use neSadha kA, lagabhaga usI kI padAvalI meM padmasundara kI bhASA meM samAsa-bAhulya kI kamI nahIM punarAkhyAna karane ko vivaza honA par3A hai, vahA~ usakI bhASA meM praur3hatA kA samAveza honA svAbhAvika thA / hai para usakI saralatA ko dekhate hue use vedI-pradhAna kahanA ucita hogaa| vaidI kI subodhatA padmasundara sAmAnyataH yadusundara kI bhASA ko subodha kahA kI bhASA kI vizeSatA hai| apanI kliSTatA ke bAvajUda jAegA para kAvya meM naiSadha ke prabhAva se mukta do sthala neSadha kI bhASA padalAlitya se itanI vibhUSita hai ki aise haiM, jinameM padmasundara apane uddezya se bhaTaka kara, 'naiSadhe padalAlityam' ukti sAhitya meM zrIharSa ke bhASAcitrakAvya meM apanA racanA-kauzala pradarzita karane ke phera guNa kI paricAyaka bana gyii| yadusundara ke adhikatara meM phaMsa gaye haiN| ina sargoM meM yadusundara kA kartA spaSTataH padyoM meM padalAlitya milegA, jo usakI bhASA ko nayI mAgha ke AkarSaNa se abhibhUta hai, jisane isI prakAra AbhA pradAna karatA hai| padalAlitya anuprAsa para AdhArita RtuoM tathA yuddha ke varNanoM ko bauddhika vyAyAma kA hai jisakA kAvya meM vyApaka prayoga kiyA gayA hai / akhAr3A banAyA hai| padmasundara kA SaDa RtuvarNanavAlA naiSadhacarita vakrokti-pradhAna kAvya hai| yadusundara bhI navA~ sarga Adyanta yamaka se bharapUra hai| isameM pada, pAda, naiSadha kI isa vizeSatA se aprabhAvita nahIM hai| utprekSA, arddha tathA mahAyamaka Adi yamakabhedoM ke atirikta kavi apaha nuti, atizayokti, samAsokti kA svatantra athavA ne anuloma-pratiloma, SoDazadala kamala, gomUtrikA bandha mizrita prayoga yadusundara kI vakrokti kA AdhAra hai / Adi sAhityika hathakaNDoM para hAtha calAyA hai| sApahnavotprekSA tathA sApahnavAtizayokti ke prati padmasundara zizupAlavadha kI taraha padmasundara kA yuddhavarNana eka kA prema naiSadha se prerita hai| aprastuta prazaMsA, . vyaMjanAtmaka, yakSarAtmaka tathA varNa, mAtrA, binducyutaka arthAntaranyAsa, dRSTAnta, paryAyokta Adi vakrokti ke Adi citrakAvya se jaTila tathA bojhila hai, yadyapi Rtu poSaka anya alaMkAra haiM, jisakA padmasundara ne rucipUrvaka varNana kI apekSA isakI mAtrA yahA~ kama hai| inase kavi ke prayoga kiyA hai| kAvya meM prayukta upamAe~ kavi kI pANDilya kA saMketa avazya milatA hai para ye kAvya kI kuzalatA kI paricAyaka hai / padmasundara ne anya alaMkAroM grAhyatA meM bAdhaka haiM, isameM sandeha nhiiN| nimnAMkita ke saMkara ke rUpa meM bhI upamA kA prayoga kiyA hai| mahAyamaka se kavi ke yamaka kI karAlatA kA anumAna kiyA isa prakAra yadusundara kA samUcA mahattva isa tathya meM jA sakatA hai| nihita hai ki isameM navIna pAtroM ke mAdhyama se naiSadha carita sAraM gatA taralatArataraMgasArA kA saMkSipta rUpAntara prastuta kiyA gayA hai| maulikatA sAraMgatA taralatAra trNgsaaraa| ke abhAva ke kAraNa yadusundara khyAti prApta nahIM kara sAraMgatA taralatAra taraMgasArA skaa| sambhavataH yahI kAraNa hai ki isakI kevala eka sAraMgatA taralatAra taraMgasArA / / 6.26 hastalikhita prati upalabdha hai| phira bhI yadusundara tathA neSadha carita kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karanA atIva rocaka citrakAvya kA vikaTatama rUpa prastuta padya meM milatA tathA upayogI hai| 80 ]

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kartA ke sambandha meM koI ullekha prApta nahIM hai| ataH abhI isa racanA ko ajJAtakatRka hI mAnanA hogaa| ArAmasohAkahA kI paramparA evaM anya pANDulipiyoM ke sambandha meM vicAra karane ke pUrva isa kathA ko saMkSepa meM prastuta karanA upayogI hogaa| . kathA vastu jambUdvIpa ke bharatakSetra meM kuzAta deza hai| vahA~ ke balAsaka nAmaka grAma meM agnizarmA nAmaka brAhmaNa rahatA thaa| usake jvalanazikhA nAmaka patnI thii| unake vidyatprabhA aprakAzita ArAmasohAkahA nAmaka putrI thii| jaba vaha ATha varSa kI thI tabhI kisI roga se pIr3ita hokara usakI mAM kA dehAvasAna ho (padya) : eka paricaya gyaa| taba ghara kA sArA kAma vidyutprabhA ke Upara A pdd'aa| gAyoM ko carAne, ghara kA kAma karane aura pitA -DaoN0 prema sumana jaina kI sevA-Tahala karane meM vaha bahuta thaka jAtI thii| ataH sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura ekadina usane pitA se kaha diyA ki vaha dUsarI zAdI karake patnI le aave| isase use ghara ke kAmoM se chuTakArA prAkRta kathA sAhitya meM ArAmazobhAkathA eka to milegaa| kintu vidyatprabhA kI jo sautelI mAM AyI mahatvapUrNa laukika kathA hai| jinapUjA ke mahAtmya ko vaha itanI AlasI aura kuTila thI ki vidyutprabhA ko pratipAdita karane ke uddezya se yaha kathA udAharaNa ke rUpa pahale jaisA hI ghara-bAhara ke kAryoM meM akele juTanA par3atA meM kahI gayI hai| prAkRta, saMskRta, gujarAtI evaM hindI thaa| ise vaha apane karmoM kA phala mAnatI huI sahana karane bhASA meM ArAmazobhAkathA ko kaI kathAkAroM ne prastuta lgii| kiyA hai| kintu mUla prAkRta kathA abhI taka svataMtra rUpa se prakAzita nahIM ho sakI hai| isa aprakAzita ArAma ekabAra vidyatprabhA jaba gAyoM ko carA rahI thI to sohAkahA kI pANDa lipi mujhe lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAra- vahA~ usane eka sAMpa rUpI devatA kI prANa rakSA kii| isase tIya saMskRti maMdira, ahamadAbAda ke granthabhaNDAra kA prasanna hokara usa nAgadevatA ne use varadAna diyA ki sarvekSaNa karate samaya 2-3 varSa pUrva prApta huI thii| prAkRta usake sira para eka harA-bharA kuMja ( ArAma ) sadeva banA gAthAoM meM nibaddha isa kathA kI yaha abhI taka upalabdha rahegA, jisase use kabhI dhUpa nahIM lgegii| yaha kaMja ekamAtra pANDulipi hai| yadyapi isa kathA kI anya pratiyAM AvazyakatAnusAra choTA-bar3A hotA rahatA thaa| ekadina vibhinna granthabhaNDAroM meM prApta hone ke saMketa hai, kintu pATalIputra ke rAjA jitazatru ne vidyatprabhA ke sAhasa aura abhI ve upalabdha nahIM ho sakI haiN| kaMja se prabhAvita hokara use apanI paTarAnI banA liyA / ___ ArAmasohAkahA kI isa pANDulipi meM kula 10 panne vidyatprabhA ko vaha ArAmazobhA ke nAma se pukArane lgaa| haiM, jo donoM ora likhe haiN| isameM kula 320 praakRt| unake dina sukha se vyatIta hone lge| gAthAeM haiN| kintu Adi-anta meM koI prazasti nahIM hai| idhara ArAmazobhA kI sautelI mAM ke eka putrI ataH racanAkAra, lipikAra Adi ke sambandha meM kucha bhI utpanna huii| usake javAna hone para usa sautelI mAM ne jJAta nahIM hotA hai| prAkRta sAhitya ke anya kisI grantha cAhA ki jitazatru rAjA ArAmazobhA ke sthAna para usakI meM bhI prAkRta padyoM meM racita ArAmasohAkahA evaM usake putrI ko paTarAnI banA le| ataH usane garbhavatI ArAma [ 81

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zobhA ko apane ghara bulAyA aura usake putra ke janma ho maNibhadra seTha ke eka bagIcA thA jo siMce jAne jAne para use eka ka~e meM DAla diyA aura usa putra ke para bhI sUkhatA jA rahA thaa| isase vaha seTha bahuta duHkhI sAtha apanI putrI ko ArAmazobhA banAkara rAjA ke pAsa thaa| taba kuladhara kI putrI ne cAra prakAra ke AhAramAtra bhijavA diyaa| rAjA ko nakalI ArAmazobhA para zaka kA vrata lekara zAsana devI kI pUjA kii| usakI tapasyA jarUra huA kintu putra kI prasannatA meM usane vizeSa dhyAna ke phala se vaha sUkhatA huA bagIcA phira se harA-bharA ho. nahIM diyaa| gayA / isase prasanna hokara seTha ne usa putrI ko bahuta-sA dhana asalI ArAmazobhA ko apane putra ko dekhane kI puraskAra meM diyaa| usa putrI ne usa dhana se jina pratimA bar3I icchA huI to usane usI nAgadevatA ko smaraNa ke Upara tIna chatra aura mukuTa Adi banavA diye tathA kiyaa| nAga devatA kI kRpA se vaha putra kA darzana karane mandira meM ratha ityAdi kA dAna diyaa| isa prakAra dhArmika rAtri meM jAne lgii| kintu sUryodaya ke pUrva use vApisa kArya karate hue vaha putrI maraNoparAnta svarga meM devatA huii| lauTanA par3atA thaa| eka dina rAjA ne asalI ArAmazobhA devatA ke bhogoM ko bhogakara vaha vidyatprabhA ke rUpa meM ko pakar3a liyA aura vApisa nahIM Ane diyaa| taba se utpanna huii| pUrvajanma ke bacapana meM dharma na karane ke kAraNa usake sira se vaha kuja gAyaba ho gyaa| kintu ArAma- vaha vidyutaprabhA bacapana meM duHkhI huI, jinapratimA para chatra zobhA ko punaH apanA pada aura gaurava prApta ho gyaa| pradAna karane se use sira para kuMja kI zobhA prApta huI aura usane apanI sautelI mA~ aura bahina ko bhI kSamA kara tapazcaraNa Adi karane ke kAraNa use rAjya-sukha prApta huA / diyaa| muni ke dvArA isa prakAra apanA pUrvajanma vRttAnta sunakara ekadina ArAmazobhA rAjA ke sAtha vIrabhadra muni ArAmazobhA ne pati ke sAtha vairAgya dhAraNa kara tapazcaraNa ke samIpa gii| vahA~ usane apane pUrvajanma ke sambandha meM kiyA evaM sadgati prApta kii| unase pachA ki mere Upara chatra ke AkAra kA kuMja kyoM kathA kI lokapriyatA sthita huA aura mujhe pahale duHkha aura bAda meM sukha kyoM ArAmazobhA kathA jena kathAkAroM ko bahuta priya rahI prApta hue ? munirAja ne usake pUrvajanma kI kathA khii| hai| ataH prAkRta, saMskRta evaM gujarAtI bhASAoM meM isake campA nagarI meM kuladhara vaNika rahatA thaa| usake ATha kaI saMskaraNa prApta hote haiN| unakI saMkSipta jAnakArI yahA~ putriyA~ thiiN| sAta kI to acche gharoM meM zAdiyA~ ho gayI prastuta kI jA rahI hai| thIM kintu AThavIM putrI puNya-rahita hone ke kAraNa avivAhita thii| tabhI usa nagara meM nandana nAmaka eka vaNika- prAkRta saskaraNa putra aayaa| kuladhara ne usase apanI AThavIM putrI kA vivAha (1) abhI taka prApta jAnakArI ke anusAra AcArya kara diyA aura usake sAtha use dakSiNa bhArata bheja zrI pradyumnasUrikRta mUlazuddhiprakaraNa para zrI devacandrasUri diyA kintu vaha nandana vaNika rAste meM hI apanI patnI dvArA likhita vRtti meM sarvaprathama tIrthaGkara bhakti ke udAharaNa ko chor3akara calA gyaa| rUpa meM ArAmazobhA kathA prAkRta gadya evaM padya meM prastuta vaha kuladhara kI putrI bhaTakatI huI dUsare nagara meM pahu~ca kI gayI hai| ArAmazobhA ke punaH paTarAnI pada prApta kara maNibhadra seTha ke ghara kArya karane lgii| maNibhadra use karane kI kathA taka prAkRta gadya evaM padya kA prayoga kiyA putrI kI bhA~ti rakhane lgaa| ekabAra jaba maNibhadra seTha gayA hai evaM usake bAda pUrvajanma kI kathA kevala gAthAoM ne apane yahA~ eka jinamandira banavAyA taba vaha kuladhara kAra meM kahI gayA hai| kathA isa prakAra meM kahI gayI hai| kathA isa prakAra prArambha hotI hai / kI putrI vahA~ vinayapUrvaka jinabhakti karane lgii| usa tattha ya parissama kilaMtanara-nArI hiyayaM va bahumAsaM, 1 bhojaka, amRtalAla (saM0), mUlazuddhiprakaraNa (prathama bhAga), ahamadAbAda, 1671, pR0 22-34 / 82 ]

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mahAmuNivva susaMvara, kAmiNIyaNasIsaMva sasImaMtayaM asthi mUlazuddhiprakaraNavRtti kI ArAmasohAkahA evaM thalAsayaM nAma mahAgAmaM / / ajJAtakRta kathA kI gAthAoM meM koI samAnatA nahIM hai| kathA ke anta meM kahA gayA hai: sUkSma adhyayana karane para bhASA kI kucha samAnatA mila maNuyata-surattAI kameNa sivasaMyayaM lahissaMti / sakatI hai| kathA aMza lagabhaga eka jaisA hai| kucha sthAna eyaM jiNabhattIe aNaNNa sarisaM phalaM hoi / / 201 // ke nAmoM meM antara hai / yaha mUla zuddhiprakaraNavRtti I0 san 1086.60 meM isa prAkRta ArAmazobhA kathA kI aba taka nimna racI gayI thii| ataH ArAmazobhA kathA kA aba taka jJAta pANDulipiyoM kA patA calA hai : 2 yaha prAcIna rUpa hai| 1 lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti maMdira, (2) prAkRta kI 320 gAthAoM meM ArAmasohAkahA ahamadAbAda, ( prastuta pANDulipi), naM0 1605 ki racanA kisI ajJAta kavi ne kI hai| usI kA paricaya _2 vijayadharma lakSmI jJAna-maMdira, velanagaMja, AgarA, isa lekha meM diyA jA rahA hai| yaha racanA bhASA kI dRSTi naM. 1601 se 12vIM zatAbdI kI honI caahiye| isakA prArambha isa 3 delA upAsarA bhaNDAra, ahamadAbAda, naM0 134 prakAra huA hai : 4 delA upAsarA bhaNDAra, ahamadAbAda, naM0 100 jhavijja mUlabhUaM duvArabhUaM painva nihibhUaM / AhArabhAyaNamimaM sammattaM caraNaghamassa // 1 // 5 vimalagaccha upAsarA grantha bhaNDAra, phalsApola, ahamadAbAda, naM0627,852 isa samma sammattaM jo samaNo sAvago gharai hiae / 6 vimalagaccha upAsarA granthabhaNDAra, hajapaTelapola, apuvva so idi laheha ArAmasohu bvaM / / 4 / / ___ ahamadAbAda, DavvA naM0 15, pothI naM0 5. kArAmasohavuttA kaha samattA tae sirI laddhA / 7 bhaNDArakara oriyanTala risarca insTITyUTa, pUnA, iapuTTho a jiNaMdo ANaM deNaM kahai evaM // 5 / / 1887-61 kA kalekzana, naM0 1263 yahA~ yaha spaSTa hai ki samyaktva kA mahatva pratipAdana 8 bhaNDArakara oriyanTala risarca insTITyUTa, panA, kara usake udAharaNa meM ArAmazobhA kI kathA kahI gayI pITarsana riporTa 1, naM0 236 hai| pAMcavIM gAthA meM ANaMdeNaM zabda vicAraNIya hai| aisA 6 lIbaMDI jaina grantha bhaNDAra, naM0 681 pratIta hotA hai ki Ananda nAmaka vyakti dvArA pUche jAne ___ ina pANDulipiyoM kI prApti evaM unake avalokana se para jinendra ne isa kathA ko kahA hai| yaha Ananda zrAvaka patA calegA ki inameM koI prazasti Adi hai athavA nhiiN| hai athavA sAdhu yaha zodha kA viSaya hai| sampAdana-kArya ke liye bhI inase madada mila sakatI hai| isa grantha ke anta meM koI prazasti nahIM hai| kevala itanA kahA gayA hai ki 'he bhavva jIva ! ArAmazobhA kI isa grantha meM kucha uddharaNoM kA prayoga huA hai| anya taraha Apa bhI samyaktva meM acchI taraha prayatna kareM, granthoM meM unakI khoja karane se isa grantha ke racanAkAla jisase ki zIghra hI ziva-sukha ko prApta kreN| kA nirdhAraNa ho sakatA hai| kucha uddharaNa yahA~ prastuta haiMArAmasAhiA viva ia samma daMsaNammi bho bhavvA / (ka) daMsaNa-bhaTTho bhaTho dasaNa muTThassa natthi nivvANaM / kuNaha payataM tumbhe jaha aharA lahaha sivasukkhaM // 320 // sijhaMti caraNa-rahiA daMsaNarahiA na sijjhaMti // 3 // ' iti samyaktva upari ArAmazobhA kathA ! (kha) bAlassa mAya-maraNaM bhajjA-maraNaM ca jovnnaarme| // zrI zubhaM bhavatu // therassa puta-maraNaM tinni vi guruAi dukkhAI // 12 // 2 velaNakara, eca0 DI0, jinaratnakoza, pUnA 1644, pR0 33-34 / 3 yaha gAthA darzanapA hur3a ( kundakunda ) evaM bhaktaparijJA prakIrNaka meM yathAvata upalabdha hai|

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(ga) puvabhave jaM kama suhAsuhaM jeNa jeNa bhAveNa / saMskRta saMskaraNa ___ jIveNa kayaM taM ciraM pariNamaI tammi kAlammi // 13 // (1) saMskRta meM jinaharSasUri (I0 san 1481), malaya(gha) vihalaM jo abalaMbaI AvaipaDi va jo smuddhri| haMsagaNi evaM mANikya sundaragaNi ne ArAmazobhA kathA saraNAgayaM ca rakkhai tihiM tisu alaMkiA puhvii||36|| likhI hai| yaha jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai ki ye saMskaraNa (Ga) dhammeNa suha-saMpayA subhagayA nIrogayA AvayA-cataM / prakAzita haiM yA nhiiN| inakI pANDa lipiyAM vibhinna . dIharabhAuaM iha bhave jammo suramme kule // 223 / grantha bhaNDAroM meM prApta haiN| saMskRta ke jaina kathA-granthoM (ca) divvarUvamauvvaM javyaNabharo satI sarIre jnne| meM ArAmazobhAkathA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kitI hoi sudhammao parabhave saggApavaragassirI // 224 // gujarAtI saMskaraNa (3) ArAmazobhAkathA kI tIsarI racanA prAkRta gadya (5) ArAmazobhAkathA gujarAtI meM bhI likhI gayI meM hai| haribhadrasUrikRta 'samyaktvasaptati' para saMghatilaka ne hai| gujarAtI ke 'ArAmazobhArAsa' kI bhUmikA meM sampAI. san 1365 meM prAkRta meM vRtti likhI hai| isa vRtti dakoM ne isa kathA kI nimnAMkita gujarAtI racanAoM kA meM ArAmazobhA kI jo kathA dI gayI hai usakA prArambha ullekha kiyA hai : isa prakAra hotA hai: (ka) ArAmazobhArAsa (rAjakIrti), I0 san 1476 / ___ iheva jambUrUkkhAlaM kiyadIva majjhaTa Thie akkhaMDachakkhaM- (kha) ArAmazobhA caupAI (vinayasamudra ), I. DamaMDie bahuvihasuhanivaha nivAse bhArahe vAse asesalacchi- san 1527 / saMniveso asthi-kusttttdeso|| (ga) ArAmazobhAcarita (puMja RSi ), I. ___ isa pUrI racanA meM 30 prAkRta evaM saMskRta ke padyoM san 1566 / kA bhI prayoga huA hai| anta meM kahA gayA hai :5 (gha) ArAmazobhA caupAI ( samaya pramoda ), I0 ArAmasohAi carittameyaM nisAmiUNaM savaNA bhiyAmaM / san 1610 ke lagabhaga / kuNeha devANa guruNaveyA-vaccaM sayA jeNa laheha sukkhaM // (Ga) ArAmazobhA caupAI (rAjasiMha ), I0 isa kathA ko mUla rUpa meM DA. rAjArAma jaina ne san 1631 / pAiyagajja-saMgaho nAmaka apanI pAThayapustaka meM prakAzita (ca) ArAmazobhA caupAI ( dayAsAra ), I0 kiyA hai| yadyapi vibhinna pratiyoM ke AdhAra para isakA san 1648 / sampAdana kiyA jAnA zeSa hai| lA0 da0 saMskRti vidyA (cha) ArAmazobhArAsa (jinahaSa), I0 san 1660 / maMdira, ahamadAbAda meM isa prAkRta (gadya) ArAmasohA kathA isa taraha jJAta hotA hai ki ArAmazobhAkathA janakI 2 pratiyAM prApta haiN| saMkhyA-3260 evaM 2560 / jIvana meM bahuta lokapriya rahI hai| jinabhakti ke liye 4 samyaktva saptati ( saMghatilakakRtavRttisahita ), saM0 lalitavijaya muni, 1616 / 5 muni yazobhadra (saM0), ArAmasohAkahA, nemivijJAna grantharatna (3), sUriyapura, san 1940 / 6 (ka) jaina grantha bhaNDAra, lIMbar3I, pothI naM0 701 / (kha) zrI jaina saMgha bhaNDAra, pATaNa, DavvA naM0 6, pothI nN06| 7 (ka) desAI, jaina sAhityanI itihAsa, 1633, pR0 471 / (kha) caudharI, jI0 sI0, jaina sAhitya kA vRhat itihAsa, bhAga 6, pR0 417 / 8 kathA maMjUSA (bhAga 7)-ArAmazobhArAsa (saM0), jayaMta koThArI evaM kIrtikA jozI, ahamadAbAda, 1683 / 84 ]

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madhyakAla meM yaha pramukha dRSTAMta rahA hai| kathA kI lauki katA ke kAraNa ise adhika prasiddhi milI hai| hindI saMskaraNa kisI hindI lekhaka ne (6) ArAmazobhAkathA ko svatantra rUpa se nahIM likhA hai| kintu prAcIna kathA ke AdhAra para hindI meM usakA saMkSipta rUpa prastuta kiyA hai / zrI devendramuni zAstrI dvArA sampAdita jaina kathA bhAga 66 meM ArAma zobhAkathA prastuta kI gayI hai| kathA sIrija meM bhI 'jAduI kuMja' ke nAma se prastuta kiyA gayA hai 1 , amara citra isa kathA ko kathA ke mAnaka rUpa evaM abhiprAya ArAmazobhAkathA eka lokakathA hai / ataH isameM lokatattvoM kI bharamAra hai / isa kathA ke mAnaka rUpa isa prakAra haiM : 2. akelI bAlikA para ghara ke kAryoM kA bhAra 2. sarpa kA manuSya kI vANI meM bolanA 3. kRtajJa nAgakumAra dvArA sAhasa ke kArya ke liye varadAna denA / 4. kSetra ke rUpa meM kuMja kA azcarya 5. rAjA dvArA guNI garIba kanyA se vivAha 6. sautelI mAtA dvArA sotelI putrI ko mArane kA prayatna 7. nAgakumAra dvArA avazya rUpa se sahAyatA 8. ku~e meM DhakelanA kintu vahA~ para bhI rakSA 6. putra janma para mA~ ko parivartana kara denA 10. asalI patnI ko rAjA ke dvArA bAda meM pahicAna lenA 11. putra darzana ke liye devatA kI samaya-maryAdA kI zarta 12. zarta tor3ane para devatA ke varadAna kA lupta honA 13. nAyikA dvArA sautelI mAM evaM bahina ko kSamA pradAna karanA 14. muni se pUrva janma kA vRttAntazravaNa 15. pati dvArA jaMgala meM chor3akara cale jAnA 16. dharmaM pitA seTha dvArA Azraya denA 17. apane atizaya guNoM se dharmapitA ko saMkaTa se bacAnA 18. jinamaMdira nirmANa aura jinapUjA ke phalasvarUpa sadgati 16. karmaphala zRMkhalA 20. vartamAna jIvana kI ghaTanAoM kA tAlamela pUrvajanma kI ghaTanAoM se baiThAnA ina mAnakarUpoM ko dekhane se patA calatA hai ki 1-13 taka ke mAnakarUpa eka laukika kathA ke haiN| unakA jainadharma se kucha lenA-denA nahIM hai aura 14 20 taka ke / - mAnaka rUpa kisI bhI dharma ke sAtha jor3e jA sakate hai| vastutaH ArAmazobhA kathA meM do kathAboM ko eka sAtha milA diyA gayA hai| paravartI kathAoM para prabhAva ArAmazobhAkathA kA mUla abhiprAya mAtA - vihIna putrI aura sautelI mAtA kA svArtha hai| isa abhiprAya ko pUrI taraha vyakta karane ke liye kaI kathAkAroM ne lekhanI calAI hai| san 1950 meM apabhraMza kavi udayacandra ne 'sugandhadazamIkathA' likhI hai| isakI kathA kA uttarabhAga ArAmazobhAkathA se milatA julatA hai| DA0 hIrAlAla jaina ne isakI kucha samAna vizeSatAoM kI ora saMketa kiyA hai / sautelI beTI kI avahelanA evaM apanI 40 9 zrI puSkara muni, jaina kathA bhAga 66, udayapura, 1676 / , 'jAduI kuMja' munizrI mahendrakumArajI 'prathama' ke jaina kahAniyA~, bhAga 12 meM prakAzita kathA para AdhArita . hai / lekhaka ne jaina kahAniyA~ meM prakAzita kathA kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / isakA aMgrejI anuvAda bhI Jaina Stories meM prakAzita hai / - saMpAdaka 10 jaina, hIrAlAla, sugaMdhadazamIkathA, 1140, bhUmikA, pR0 18 [ p

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sagI putrI ko usakA pada dilAne kI cAha donoM meM samAna usakI sautelI mAM use utsava meM nahIM jAne detI aura hai, yadyapi tarIkoM meM antara hai| sautelI mAtA dvArA apanI putriyoM ko sajAkara vahA~ bhejatI hai| kintu sautelI putrI kI avamAnanA karane kI ghaTanA sugandhadazamI rAjakumAra antataH sinDrelA ko hI apanI rAnI banAtA kathA ke saMskRta (san 1472), gujarAtI (1450), hai| jarmana kahAnI 'azpuTela' meM jo sautelI lar3akI marAThI (18vIM sadI) evaM hindI ( 1750) saMskaraNoM hai vaha bilkula ArAmazobhA se milatI-julatI hai| haijala meM bhI prApta hotI hai| vRkSa ArAmazobhA ke jAduI kuMja kI taraha madadagAra ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| antataH 'azpuTela' ko sautelI mAtA kA apanI putrI ko rAnI banAne ke rAjakumAra apanI rAnI banA letA hai| 12 isa taraha abhI niSphala prayAsa evaM sautelI putrI ko satAne kI ghaTanAeM ArAmazobhA kathA kI bhAratIya evaM vizvasAhitya kI vizvasAhitya meM bhI prApta hotI haiN| DA. jaina ne do kathAoM ke sAtha tulanA karane se aura bhI naye tathya sAmane kathAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / phreMca kahAnI 'sinDra lA' meM A sakate haiN| 11 da slIpiMga byUTI eNDa adara pheyarI Telsa phrAma da olDa phrenca ( riTolDa bAi e. TI0 vilacara-koDaca ) / 12 jekaba luDavika kArlagrima, di kiMDara uNDa hAusa mAravena, ( aMgrejI anuvAda : grimsaTelsa ) / 86 ]

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AtmajJAnI zrImad rAjacaMdra - nalinAkSa paMDyA vallabha vidyAnagara, gujarAta unnIsavIM zatAbdI meM gujarAta meM tIna mahAna puruSa hue the / eka the vaidika paraMparA ke uddhAraka maharSi dayAnaMda sarasvatI, jinakA janma morabI riyAsata ke TaMkArA gA~va meM audIcya brAhmaNa parivAra meM huA thaa| dUsare the bhArata ke rASTrapitA vizvavaMdya mahAtmA gAMdhI, jo porabaMdara ke labdha-pratiSTha moDha vaNika parivAra meM paidA hue the| tIsare mahApuruSa jo hue vaha the morabI rAjya ke vavANiyA grAma ke rAyacaMda bhAI mehatA, jo zrImad rAjacaMdra ke nAma se suprasiddha hue / dayAnaMda ne dharmoddhAra kI dizA dikhAI, gAMdhIjI hameM rASTroddhAra ke mArga para le gaye, aura zrImad rAjacaMdra AtmoddhAra ke patha-pradarzaka bane / zrImad ke AtmaniSTha jIvana evaM ciMtana kA unake paricaya meM Ane vAloM para aisA gaharA prabhAva par3A thA ki apane alpAyu meM bhI vaha aneka bhakta aura anuyAyiyoM kA samudAya chor3a gaye the, jinake dvArA sthApita saMsthAe~ Aja bhI kaI sthAnoM para unake vicAroM ke prasAra meM pravRtta haiN| ye smAraka - saMsthAe~ vavANiyA, vaDavA, khaMbhAta, agAsa, IDara, rAjakoTa, uttarasaMDA, naroDA, nAra, suNAva, kAviThA, bhAdaraNa, vaso, borasada, vaTAmaNa, dhAmaNa, saDodarA, ( sabhI gujarAta meM), Ahora ( rAjasthAna ), haMpI (karNATaka), bambaI, devalAlI ( mahArASTra ), indaura ( ma0pra0 ) aura mombAsA ( kenyA, aphrIkA ) meM sthita haiM / bhakti aura AdhyAtmika pravRtti kI aisI virAsata chor3a jAne vAlA yadi koI saMnyAsI hotA to isameM naI bAta nahIM thI, para isa guru ke bAre meM Azcarya isa bAta kA hai ki vaha eka gRhasthAzramI vyApArI thA aura usane kevala 33 varSa kI alpAyu meM hI apanI jIvanalIlA samApta kara dI thI / zrImad kA janma san 1867 meM eka sAdhAraNa brAhmaNa parivAra meM huA thA / vayaska hone para bambaI meM ve hIrejavAhirAta ke vyApAra meM sAjhedArI se jur3e the| apane aMtima eka-do varSoM ko chor3akara jIvana kA adhikatara samaya unhoMne vyApAra meM hI bitAyA thA / tathApi AdhyAtmika jJAna va siddhi ke jisa ucca stara taka ve pahu~ca pAye the isakA kAraNa unakI antaHstha AdhyAtmikatA thI / sAta varSa kI Ayu meM unheM jAtismaraNa huA thA / tabhI se unameM vairAgya bhAva udaya hone lagA thaa| unakI bauddhika kSamatA bhI asAdhAraNa thI / 13 varSa kI Ayu meM unhoMne aSTAvadhAna kA prayoga kara dikhAyA thA / isa kSamatA ko nirantara vikasita karake ve zatAvadhAnI bana sake the| bambaI meM unhoMne zatAvadhAna ke kucha prayoga bhI kiye the, jinheM AtmasAdhanA meM bAdhaka mAnakara bAda meM baMda kiyA thA / yaha zrImad kI jJAnapipAsA hI thI jisane unako veda, vedAnta, gItA, bhAgavata, kurAna, jenda avestA aura jaina AgamoM kA adhyayana karane ke lie prerita kiyA thA / isa prakAra vividha dharma dhArAoM ke jJAtA hone para bhI ve zAstrapaMDita na bane rahakara AdhyAtmika anubhUti meM vizvAsa rakhate the / isIlie ve vicAradhArA ke vAda-vivAda ko vyartha mAnate the aura Atmadarzana va AtmapratIti para bala dete the / zrImad ke AtmajJAna se prabhAvita hone vAloM meM mahAtmA gAMdhI bhI the / yuvAvasthA meM jaba unheM kisI AdhyAtmika samasyA kA sAmanA karanA par3A thA taba gAMdhI jI ne pratyakSa yA patra ke mAdhyama se zrImad se mArgadarzana prApta kiyA thA / isa tathya ko svIkAra karate hue gAMdhIjI ne zrImad rAjacaMdra ko apanA AdhyAtmika guru batAyA / yadyapi zrImad kI bhI unameM sAMpradAyika niSThA jaina dharma ke prati thI, phira saMkIrNatA kA nitAMta abhAva thA / [ 87

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isakA kAraNa unheM sabhI pramukha dharmoM kA adhyayana hone ke eSaNAeM nahIM thiiN| yadi koI abhIpsA thI to vaha sAtha-sAtha saMbhavataH yaha bhI thA ki unake pitA sanAtana- Atmadarzana kI thI, jaisA ki unake eka patra se prakaTa dharmI dazA zrImAlI vaNika the aura mAtA jainI thii| hotA hai : 'rAtri aura divasa kevala paramArtha kA hI vAstava meM zrImada ko usI dhArmikatA meM vizvAsa thA jo manana rahatA hai| AhAra bhI vahI hai, nidrA bhI vahI hai, sAMpradAyikatA se pare ho| unhoMne likhA hai : 'saMsAra meM zayana bhI vahI hai, svapna bhI vahI hai, bhaya bhI vahI hai, bhoga. mAnyatA bheda ke baMdhanoM se tattva kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| bhI vahI hai, parigraha bhI vahI hai, cAla bhI vahI hai, Asana saccA sukha va AnaMda inameM nahIM hai|' kaI prasaMgoM para bhI vahI hai| adhika kyA kheN| asthi, mAMsa aura majjA zrImad ne vedAnta, zrIkRSNa, janaka videhI, zaMkarAcArya, ko eka hI raMga car3hA huA hai| roma mAtra jaise usI ke vAmadeva, zukadeva, nArada bhakti sUtra, yoga vAsiSTha, jar3abharata, vicAra meM rata hai, aura isa kAraNa se na kucha dekhanA bhAtA kabIra, mIrA, narasiMha mehatA, suMdaradAsa Adi ke dRSTAnta hai, na kucha saMghanA bhAtA hai; na kucha sunanA bhAtA hai, na diye haiM. jo unakI asAMpradAyika samadarzitA ke paricAyaka kacha cakhanA bhAtA hai aura na hI sparza karanA bhAtA hai| na haiN| vastutaH unake vicAroM meM AdhyAtmika viSayoM ke bolane kI cAha hai, na mauna rahane kI ; na baiThane kI cAha hai, bAre meM maulika ciMtana para AdhArita satyAnveSI dRSTi na jagane kI: na khAne kI cAha hai, na bhakhe rahane kI : na dikhAI detI hai| asaMga kI cAha hai, na saMga kI; na lakSmI kI cAha hai, na svayaM AtmonmukhI hone kI vajaha se jaise-jaise apane alakSmI kI; aisI sthiti hai| tathApi isake prati koI anubhavoM ke prakAza meM ve jIvana ko samajhate gaye, zrImad AzA yA nirAzA ke bhAva kI anubhUti nahIM hotii|' una vicAroM ko kAgaja para yA DAyarI meM likhate gye| zrImada kI AtmAnubhUti kI utkaMThA unakI ina kAvyayadi koI dUrastha vyakti bhI apanI kisI samasyA kA paMktiyoM meM sucArU rUpa se abhivyakta huI haiM : * AdhyAtmika samAdhAna cAhatA to ve patra ke dvArA mArga apUrva avasara evo kyAre Avaze, darzana dete the| isI kAraNa mahAtmA gAMdhI ke zabdoM meM kyAre thaIzaM bAhyAntara nigraMtha jo? kaheM to unakI lekhanI kI yaha asAdhAraNatA hai ki unhoMne sarva sambaMdhana baMdhana tIkSNa chedIne, sirpha vahI likhA jo svayaM anubhava kiyA ho| usameM kahIM vicarazuM kaba maharapuruSane paMtha jo ? kRtrimatA nahIM hai| dUsaroM ko prabhAvita karane ke lie unhoMne eka paMkti bhI likhI ho aisA maiMne nahIM pAyA / ' bhakti ko ve AtmasAdhanA kA zreSTha sAdhana mAnate zrImad dvArA likhita ina phuTakara noTa aura patroM ke the : 'aneka dRSTi se vicAra karane para maiM isa dRr3ha nirNaya rUpa meM hI unake adhikatara vicAra saMgrahita haiN| taduparAMta para pahu~cA hU~ ki bhakti mAga hI sarvopari hai / ' AtmajJAna unakI tIna racanAe~ 'mokSamAlA', 'bhAvanAbodha' aura ke lie utanA hI Avazyaka ve Atma niSThoM ke satsaMga ko 'AtmasiddhizAstra' haiN| 'mokSamAlA' meM dhArmika samasyAoM mAnate the| unakI dRSTi meM satsaMga vaha hai jisase Atmako jaina darzana ke AdhAra para samajhAyA gayA hai. 'bhAvanA- siddhi ho ske| uttama zAstra meM niraMtara dattacitta rahanA bodha' meM AtmazreyArthI ke lie upayogI mArgadarzana hai. bhI unake mata se satsaMga hI hai| tathA Atma siddhizAstra' meM Atmadarzana viSayaka vicAroM ko saMsAra vyavahAra ke prati zrImad nirlipta the : 'saMsAra ke padya meM samajhAyA gayA hai| cUMki zrImada kI mAtRbhASA prati hameM parama udAsIna bhAva hai / yadi yaha saMsAra suvarNakA gujarAtI thI, unakA samUcA sAhitya gujarAtI bhASA meM hai| bana jAye to bhI hamAre lie tRNavata rahegA aura kevala zrImad kI kRtiyoM meM spaSTa rUpa se jhalakane vAlA tattva paramAtmA kI vibhUti ke rUpa meM bhakti-dhAma banA rhegaa|' unakI tIvra AdhyAtmika utkaMThA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki unake isI anAsakti bhAva kI vajaha se ve bhinna va svayaM gRhasthAzramI hone para bhI unameM koI sAMsArika virodhI lagane vAlI vyApAra aura dharma kI pravRttiyoM kA 88 ]

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sammilana kara sake the| apanI dukAna meM vyApArI saudoM dekhane ke sAtha hI pahacAna jAyegA, kyoMki pUrNa AtmajJAna kI bAtacIta karane ke turanta pazcAt ve AdhyAtmika meM na kevala svayaM kA apitu anya ke vyaktitva kA jJAna pATha, lekhana yA carcA meM sahajatA se lIna ho sakate the| bhI svataH nihita hai| apanI virala hindI kAvya-racanA zrImada kI isa lAkSaNikatA se mugdha hokara gAMdhIjI ne meM zrImad ne kahA hai : likhA hai ki 'jo lAkhoM ke saudoM kI bAtacIta karake zIghra jaba jAnyo nija rUpa ko, taba jAnyo saba loka / hI AtmajJAna kI gahana bAteM likhane meM kho jAye usakI nahi jAnyo jina rUpa ko, saba jAnyo so phoka / / jAti vyApArI kI na hokara zuddha jJAnI kI hI ho hamAre deza meM prAcIna kAla meM kaI RSi, muni, sAdhu sakatI hai| Adi ho gaye haiM jinhoMne AtmajJAna prApta kiyA thA, para ___ apanI vyAvasAyika saphalatA se zrImada ne yaha siddha isake lie unhoMne sAMsArika baMdhanoM ko tyAgakara araNyakara diyA thA ki manuSya nItimAna rahakara bhI vyApAra kara vAsa kiyA thA, jabaki zrImada saMsAra evaM saMsAra ke sakatA hai| vyApAra-vANijya meM pracalita aprAmANikatA mohamAyArUpI pralobhanoM ke bIca jalakamalavata rahakara ke sambandha meM unakA kahanA thA ki zaddha AtmajJAnI ko arvAcIna yuga meM AtmajJAna pA sake the| yahI unakI sabase ThaganA asaMbhava hai| pUrNa AtmajJAnI dhokhebAja vyakti ko bar3I siddhi thii|

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rAjasthAna kA eka prAcIna / tIrtha jAvara zreSThI kAnhA ne vIra vihAra nAmaka jaina maMdira banavAyA thaa| yaha parivAra delavAr3A (mevAr3a) kA rahane vAlA thA evaM vyApAra hetu DUMgarapura evaM jAvara meM bhI rahatA thA / vIra-vihAra meM kharataragaccha kI pippalikA zAkhA evaM jinabhadrasUri kI mukhya zAkhA ke sAdhuoM ke bhI aprakA-. zita lekha haiM jinakA ullekha Age kiyA jA rahA hai| yahAM kA mukhya maMdira zAMti jinAlaya hai| yaha aba bhagna hai| isakA nirmANa vi. saM0 1478 meM zreSThI dhanapAla ne kiyA hai .3 jisake liye zilAlekha meM 'zrI zatru jaya-garanAra-abaMda jIrApallI-citrakUTA di tIrtha yAtrA kRtaH zrI saMgha mukhya' likhA hai| yaha zilAlekha lambA evaM aitahAsaka maha va kA hai| isameM prArambha meM 'saMvata 1478 varSa pauSa za0 5 rAjA dharAja zrI mokaladeva vijayarAjyo' -zrI rAmavallabha somAnI, jayapura zabda hai / isase isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki yaha usa samaya mevAr3a rAjya meM sammilita thaa| isakI pratiSThA tapAgaccha jAvara udayapura se DUMgarapura ke mArga se TIDI ke somasundara sUri ne kI thii| soma saubhAgya kAvya meM se 10 ki0 mI0 dUra hai| prAcIna kAla se hI yaha diye gaye varNana ke anusAra somasundara sUri mevAr3a meM sthAna jaste kI khAnoM ke liye prasiddha rahA hai| vi0 delavAr3A evaM cittaur3a kaI bAra padhAre the| gor3avAr3a - saM0703 ke sAmolI ke zilAlekha ke anusAra vasaMtagar3ha jinameM rANakapura bhI sammilita hai inakA kArya-kSetra thA / nivAsI zreSThI jaitaka vyApAra hetu isa kSetra meM AyA thaa| jAvara ke isa lekha meM tapAgaccha ke mukhya sAdhuoM ke nAma usa samaya yahAM jastA evaM cAMdI bar3I mAtrA meM khAnoM se haiM jo isa pratiSThA ke samaya vahAM upasthita the / yathA-muni nikalatI thii| isIliye yaha kSetra mevAr3a ke rAjAoM ke sundara, jayacaMdra, bhuvana sandara, jina sundara, jinakIti vizAla hAtha se chInakara kucha samaya kalyANapura ke guhilota zAsakoM rAja, ratnazekhara udayanandi,mahopAdhyAya satyazekha evaM bAgar3a ke adhIna bhI rhaa| madhyakAla meM mahArANA somadeva aadi| itane mukhya sAdhuoM ke eka sAtha hone lAkhA ne ise jiitaayaa| usake lie mevAr3a ke zilAlekhoM se patA calatA hai ki yaha pratiSThA kAphI vizAla stara para _ meM yoginIpura jAvara ko jItane kA likhA hai| vi0 saM0 huI thii| isa maMdira kA varNana kavi lAvaNya samaya vira 1462 ke eka tAmrapatra ke anusAra mahArANA lAkhA ne cita sumati sAdhu sUri vivAhalo meM kiyA gayA hai| isameM devI ke maMdira ke nimitta 2 TaMkA diye the|' mahArANA likhA hai ki nagara ke madhya atyanta sundara zAMti jina lAkhA ke hI rAjya kA ullekha vi0 saM0 1464 kI malaya- vihAra hai (nagara vicihiM ati rua Dalau zAMti jiNaMda giri kI saptati TIkA kI prazasti ke zloka 12 meM bihAra re)| zreSThI kAnhA dvArA vi0 saM0 1486 meM devahai / 2 isa prazasti meM eka mahattvapUrNa sUcanA yaha bhI hai ki kulikA banAI gaI thI jisakA sUtradhAra sahadeva thaa| isI 1 lekhaka kI kRti hiraTrI oNpha mevAr3a, pR0 112 / 2 ela0 DI0 insTiTayUTa, ahamadAbAda dvArA hastalikhita graMthoM kI sUcI bhAga ke aMta meM pR0 62 para dI gaI prazasti / 3 vijayadharma sUri, jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, saM0 143 / 4 enyUala riporTa Ana iMDiyana epigrAphI, varSa 56-57, saM0 517 / 60 ]

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tithi ke eka anya lekha meM isI maMdira meM jina sAgara shraaddhvraivihaaraa|' kharataragaccha ke kucha sAdhu vi0 saM0 sUri kA nAma diyA hai|" ye lekha mUla rUpa se maiM dekha nahIM 1462 meM Aye the| inake nAma haiM kSamAmUrti, vivekahaMsa, sakA hU~ kintu saMbhavataH kisI kharataragaccha se sambandhita udayazIla, meru kuMjara aadi| vi0 saM0 1464 kA eka anya maMdira ke ye lekha rahe hoNge| jinabhadrasUrijI ne jAvara meM lekha eka khaMDita maMdira ke stambha para hai| lekha bahuta ghisa kharataragaccha kA maMdira banavAyA thA saMbhavataH ye lekha usI gayA hai| isameM "vi0 saM0 1464 mAgha sudi 13 mahAvIra maMdira ke khaMDahara ke hoN| caitye . kharataragacche jinasAgara sUribhiH' pATha par3hA jAtA vi0 saM0 1478 ke bAda kharataragaccha ke kaI lekha hai| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mahAvIra kI pratimA kI yahA~ se mile haiN| vi0 saM0 1486 ke lekha meM zrI kAnhA pratiSThA usa samaya kI gaI thii| mUrti para bhI lekha hai zraSThI dvArA banAye vIra vihAra meM supArzvanAtha devaka likA aura eka anya laghu lekha meM zrI jinakuMjara sUribhiH nAma kI pratiSThA zrI jinasAgara sUri (pippalikA zAkhA, diyA huA hai| vi0 saM0 1465 ke eka lekha meM dharmaghoSa kharataragaccha) dvArA karAye jAne kA ullekha hai / lekha isa prakAra gaccha ke harikalaza Adi ke nAma haiN| vi0 saM0 jyeSTha hai-'saMvat 1486 phA0 za03 dine Ukeza jAtIya sA0 zu0 5 ke eka lekha meM rAmacandra sUri kA nAma hai| padmA bhAryA padamAde putra goida bhAryA gaurade suta eka unnatizIla nagara hone ke kAraNa bAgar3a aura sA0 AMbA sA0 sAMgaNa, saha aiva, sanmadhye sahadeva bhAyoM mevAr3a ke zAsakoM ke madhya yaha vivAda kA viSaya banA huA poI putra zrIdhara Isara putrI rAji prabhRti kuTumba putena bhaM0 thaa| mahArANA kaMbhA ne ise jItA thaa| isake lekhoM kAnhA kArita prAsAre sva zrayothaM zrI supAzva jinayuta deva meM jAvara ko jItane kA ullekha hai ( yoginI purama kalikA kAritA pratiSThitAzrIkharataragacchAdhIzena zrI jina- jeyamapyasoM yoginI caraNa kiMkaro napaH ) rAjasthAnI saagr|' isI maMdira meM vi0 saM0 1504 kA eka lekha kI gItagovinda kI TIkA kI prazasti meM 'yoginI bhaNIye aura hai| isameM kharataragaccha ke jinabhadrasUra ke AmnAya mahAmAyA tehano prAmAda pAmbo yoginIpara jAvara pATha ke sAdhaoM ke nAma haiN| mUla lekha isa prakAra hai -'saMvat mathA ke liye prayukta haA hai| aimA lagata hai ki 1504 varSe kAttika vadI 13 dine zrI jApura nagare zrI mahArANA ke antima dinoM meM mAlave ke sultAna mohammada kharataragacche zrI jinabhadrasU rigacchAdhirAjAdeze bhaM0 kAnhena khilajI ne ja'vara para AkramaNa kara yahA~ ke devI ke maMdira kArita zrI vIra-vihAre pa0 bhAnuprabhaga Na, samayaprabhagaNi ko naSTa kara diyA thaa| ataH kaMbhA ne ise vApasa somadhIra muniH aharnisaM (za) zrI vIra caraNaM praNamati jIrNoddha ra kraayaa| yahA~ ke jaina maMdiroM kA bhI mahattva bahubhaktyA sUtradhArI loMkA mahAvIra caraNAya nmH| atyadhika thaa| vi0 saM0 15.08 meM nADola meM tapAgaccha jinabhadrasUra ne jAvara meM maMdira banAne ke lie saMbha- ke ratnazekhara sUra ne zreSThI jagasI parivAra dvArA eka vataH kimI zreSThI ko nirdeza diye the| imakA spaSTa vizAla pratiSThA samAroha karAyA thaa| isa avasara para pratiullekha vi0 saM0 1467 ke saMbhavanAtha maMdira, jaisalamera ke SThita pratimAyeM copAnera, citrakUTa, jAvara, kAyaMdrA, isa lekha meM hai| yathA 'zrI ujjayaMtAcala citrakUTa mAMDavya nAgadA osiyA, nAgora kaMbhalagar3ha adi sthAnoM para bhejI pUrjAvara mukhyakeSu sthAneSu yeSAmupadeza vAkyA nirmA pitAH thii| isa prakAra se bhejI gaI pratimAoM meM kuMbhalagar3ha 5 uparokta, saM0 5.22 / jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga 3 ( pUraNacaMda nAhara dvArA sampAdita ), lekha saM0 2.30 ! 7 lekhaka kI kRti jena inskripzansa Apha rAjasthAna, pR0 131 / 8 uparokta / 9 lekhaka kI kRti mahArANA kumbhA, pR068| 1deg jina vijaya, jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, saM0 372 / [ 61

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meM nIlakaMTha maMdira ke pAsa choTe jaina maMdira meM yaha mUrti isameM sabase Upara zrI raSabadeva prasAdAtu zabda hone aba bhI vidyamAna hai / jAvara meM bhI yaha mUrti upalabdha hai| se yaha jainadharma se sambandhita hai| isameM kaI nAma tapAgaccha ke ratnazekhara sUri se sambandhita sumati haiN| yathA depA, jupA, narA, peyolI, bIrama nAthA, udA va sAdhu vivAhalo meM eka ghaTanA varNita hai| isake anusAra maMgarA kA samasta saMgha kA ullekha hai| usameM mahArANA jAvara ke nivAsI gaNapati zAha ke eka putra nayarAja huaa| sAMgA kA nAma hone se mahatvapUrNa hai| yaha abhI aprakAzita isane ratnazekhara sUri se dIkSA grahaNa kii| guru guNa ratnAkara hai| vi0 saM0 1567 kA eka lekha banavIra kA bhI yahA~ kAvya meM bhI ratnazekhara sUri ke jAvara padhArane kA se milA hai| mahArANA pratApasiMha ke samaya kI eka ullekha hai ( zrI bheda pATa pRthivImukaTAbha majjA graMtha prazasti vi0 saM0 1643 kI milI hai| isameM sAdhu padrabhidhAna nagara samahaM samIpuH 107 shlok)|11 ukta dina kRtya kI pratilipi jAvara meM karane kA ullekha hai vivAhalo meM prArambha meM isa nagara kA sundara varNana hai| (saMvat 1643 varSe Azvina vadi 4 some zrI mevAr3adeze isake anusAra isa nagara meM dhAtu kI sAta khAne thIM ( sAtai rANA pratApasiMha rAjye zrI jAvaramadhye jIrAUlIyA kIkA dhAtu naI aagr)| vi0 saM0 1746 kI zIla vijaya kI likhitN)| akabara ke bAda jahA~gIra ne mevAr3a meM kaI tIrtha mAlA meM bhI yahA~ sAta dhAtu kI khAne hone kA ullekha _varSoM taka nirantara AkramaNa kiyaa| usa samaya vahA~ ke kiyA huA hai ( sAta dhAtu tnnuahitthaannN)| sumati sAdhu sAre devAlaya bhagna kara diye| mevAr3a aura mugala sandhi ho vivAhalo meM jAvara kA prArambha meM jo varNana diyA gayA jAne ke bAda mevAr3a ke sAre jaina va vaiSNava mandiroM kA vyApaka usake anusAra yahA~ kAphI samRddhi thii| 12 AsapAsa kaI jIrNoddhAra huA thaa| vi0 saM0 1664 meM yahA~ ke jaina tAlAba banAye gaye the| isa nagara meM kaI ullekhanIya maMdira jIrNoddhAra kA lambA lekha hai| lekha kA kucha aMza zreSThI rahate the evaM acchA bAjAra thaa| isa prakAra hai : 'saMvat 1664 varSe zAke 1560 pravartamAne mahArANA kumbhA ke bAda mahArANA udA zAsaka huA / vaizAkha mAse zakla pakSe tRtIyA tithau zanivAsare bhedapATause haTAkara kaMbhA kA dUsarA putra rAyamala zAsaka huaa| deze mahArAjAdhirAja mahArANA zrI jagatasiMhajI vijayarANo rAyamala ne jAvara apanI bahina ramAbAI ko jAgIra meM kumara zrI rAjasiMha AdezAta yoginIpura vare zrI zAMtinAtha diyA thaa| isakA vivAha girinAra ke zAsaka cUr3A biMba sthApita ya udharI mohaNa-suta vIra jI paMcolI savarAma, samA rAjA maMDalIka ke sAtha huA thaa| isake mohammada dosI sujA telaharA dhanajI sA0 paMcAiNa sA samaratha begar3A se hArane ke bAda muslima dharma svIkAra kara lene se sA dazaratha muMjAvata mahatA kesara mahatA ladhu cokhA utavelA ramAbAI mevAr3a meM A gaI thI taba use jAvara diyA thaa| yahA~ dhanA bhA0 sAma poravADa samastasaMgha udharI mohaNa prasAda se vi0 saM0 1554 kA eka vistRta zilAlekha milA hai / 13 udharANa kRtaM pratimA sthApitA saMgha pUjA kRta salAvaTa isake anasAra isane kaMbhalagaDha meM dAmodara maMdira, eka tAju cada...' vi0 saM0 1728 meM jAvara nivAsI paMDita sarovara evaM jAvara meM ramA svAmI kA maMdira banAyA thaa| caturAjI jo mAr3Ahar3agaccha ke the AbU meM yAtrAkara vahA~ jAvara ke nivAsI osavAla sUrA ne nANA ( gor3a lekha bhI utkIrNa karAyA; saMvata 1728 varSe vaizAkha sudi 11 dine mar3Ahar3agacche paMDita catarA jI yAtrA saphala vAsa vAr3a) meM pArzvanAtha kI mUrti vi0 saM0 1572 meM . sthApita kI thii| jAvara meM vi0 saM0 1580 kI 12veM jAvara / kitAboM kI eka suraha hai jo kAphI ghimI huI hai| bahucarcita gIta govinda kI sacitra prati kI pratilipi 11 guru guNa ratnAkara, zloka 101 / 12 sumati sAdhu vivAhalo kI eka nakala sva0 agaracaMdajI nAhaTA ne mujhe bhijavAI thii| yaha varNana usI ke anusAra hai / 13 jAvara kA abhilekha iMDiyana hisTorikala kvArTaralI, vi0 saM0 1658, pR0 215-225 para prakAzita hai| vIra vinoda ke pahale bhAga meM bhI isakA mula pATha upalabdha hai / 62 ]

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16vIM zatAbdI meM jAvara meM kI gaI thii| jAvara se mAtA ramAnAtha maMdira meM bhUmidAna kA ullekha hai| ramAnAtha jI ke maMdira ke Age eka vi0 saM0 1655 ASAr3ha zakla maMdira ke stambhoM para vi0 saM0 1776 kA 14 paMktiyoM 6 kI suraha hai| usameM peyolI mANDaNa zAha bhAmA kA laghu lekha hai jisameM harihara Adi ke nAma haiN| isI (prasiddha bhAmAzAha se bhinna ) Adi dvArA kucha 'car3hAvA' maMdira ke bAhara mahArANA bhImasiMha kI suraha lagI hai / karane kA varNana hai / ambA mAtA ke atirikta dUsare mAtAjI yaha sArI miTTI meM daba gaI kevala 'sidha zrI mahArAjAke maMdira ke pAsa mahArANA rAjasiMha kA eka lekha hai dhirAja mahArANAjI zrI zrI zrI bhImasiMgha jI AdesAtu yaha bahuta ghisa gayA hai, kevala itanA par3hA jAtA hai 'siddha pratadave peyolI paratApa' likhA hai| zrI gaNeza gautra devyA prasAdAtu mahArAjAdhirAja mahArANA aisA pratIta hotA hai ki marAThA kAla meM yaha nagara jI zrI rAjasiMhajI AdezAta jAvara...' purAnI kacaharI ujar3a gayA thaa| nirantara marAThoM ke AkramaNa se loga ke pAsa eka suraha vi0 saM0 1815 kI hai / isameM mahArANA gAMva chor3akara cale gye| aba nayI bastI basa gaI hai| rAjasiMha ke samaya depurA sadArAma dvArA tAlAba meM kintu ye maMdira aba khaMDahara haiN| yaha lekha jAvara mAinsa ke eka adhikArI ke Agraha para maiMne kaI varSoM pUrva taiyAra kiyA thaa| kAphI sUcanA zrI nAhaTAjI se bhI lI thii| jAvara mAinsa ke adhikAriyoM ne ghamane evaM lekhoM kI pratilipi karane meM sahAyatA dI thii| maiM ina sabakA kRtajJa huuN|

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kara kAma kiyA jAtA thaa| khAsa-khAsa vyaktiyoM se khAsa-khAsa kAma kI bAta karane ke liye bIca meM pardA TAMga kara bAta kara lI jAtI thii| sAdhAraNa kAma-kAja ke liye janAnI Dyor3hI para saradAra, pradhAna Adi Ate aura DAvar3I ( dAsI) ke sAtha uttara-pratyuttara kahalA diyA jaataa| bAIjIrAja saradArakaMara kI dAsI bar3I catura thii| vaha uttara-pratyuttara kA kAma bar3I khUbI se karatI thii| kAma-kAja karate-karate vaha itanI hoziyAra ho gaI rAmapyArI kA risAlA thI ki rAjya kI nIti aura kAma-kAja meM dakhala rakhane lgii| rAmapyArIbAI kI salAha bAIjIrAja jhAlIjI -lakSmI kumArI cUNDAvata mAnane lgii| usakA apanA alaga rUtabA jama gayA / rAmapyArIbAI kA bAkAyadA hukama calatA thaa| vaha logoM rAjasthAna marahaThoM kI lUTa aura hamaloM se parezAna thaa| ko chur3avA detI aura giraphtAra taka karavA letii| pradhAna mevAr3a marahaThoM se to duHkhI thA hI para gRha-kalaha se usakI pada para ArUr3ha amaracandra sanADhaya jaise yogya aura viziSTa varbAdI aura bhI bar3hatI jA rahI thii| caMDAvatoM aura vyakti ko pakar3ane ke liye usane apane AdamI bheja diye zatkAvatoM kA ApasI vaimanasya usa samaya apanI carama aura ghara luTavA diyaa| yahA~ taka ki eka pUrA risAlA sImA para pahu~ca cukA thaa| rAmapyArIbAI ke adhIna thA jo usake hukama para calatA - apane putra hamIrasiMhajI aura bhImasiMhajI ko bahuta thaa| vaha rAmapyArI kA risAlA kahalAtA thaa| usake hI kama umara meM chor3akara mahArANA ar3asIjI svargavAsI ho mara jAne ke bAda bhI lagabhaga 100 varSa taka rAmapyArI kA / gye| aisI viSama sthiti meM mevAr3a rAjya kI jimmevArI risAlA hI kahalAtA thaa| Adhunika DhaMga se phaujoM mAnA hI karanA nAbAliga mahArANA kI mAtA jhAlIjI saradAra kaMara para ko taratIba dI gaI, taba vaha unameM milAyA gyaa| usakA A gii| ve bAIjIrAja kI gAdI para AsIna thii| makAna rAmapyArI kI bAr3I ke nAma se prasiddha hai| karnala mevAr3a rAjya ke antaHpura kA prabandha, zAsana, paramparA se TADa zurU meM Aye taba unake rahane ke liye rAmapyArI kI cale Ate dastura aura sAMskRtika rIti-rasma kI dekhabhAla bAr3I meM hI prabandha kiyA gyaa| bAda meM usa makAna meM karane vAlI mahilA vAijIrAja kahalAtI thii| rAjya sarakArI topakhAnA aura maigajina rhe| aba usakA kucha parivAra kI yogya evaM bujurga mahilA ko isa pada para ra aMza boheDDA kI havelI kahalAtA hai| pratiSThita kiyA jAtA thaa| isa pada ke bhAra va vyaya ke liye atirikta kharca rAjya se unheM milatA thaa| rAjya tatkAlIna rAjanIti meM rAmapyArI eka pramukha pAtra sambandhI koI salAha bhI bAIjIrAja ko dene kA adhikAra thii| usa samaya gRha-kalaha aura marahaThoM ke upadravoM se hotA thaa| parde meM rahate huye bhI striyoM dvArA rAjya kA mevAr3a kI dazA zocanIya thii| khajAne meM paisA nahIM thA kAma sambhAlane kI prathA mevAr3a ke rAjagharAne meM zurU se aura vetana na milane ke kAraNa sindhI phaujoM ne Akara hai| putra kI nAbAliga avasthA meM mAtA se pUcha mahaloM para dharanA de diyaa|' cAroM ora cintA chA gii| 1 aDasIjI ke samaya meM mevAr3I saradAroM ke khilApha ho jAne se unheM bAhara se senA kA prabandha karanA pdd'aa| usI samaya sindhI, arabI evaM vilAyatI phaujoM kA gaThana kiyA gyaa| taba se mevAr3a meM sindhI, arabI aura balauca Adi bAhara se Akara base huye haiN| mevAr3a meM solaha umarAvoM ke alAvA 17vAM umarAva sindhI musalamAna hai| isa 17veM umarAva kI sthApanA mahArANA ar3asIjI ne hI kI thii| hA ]

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mahArANA aDasIjI ne jo bAhara se sindhiyoM kI bar3I svAminI banakara duHkha, kleza aura cintAe~ hI dekhI haiN| phauja bulAkara rakhI thI, vaha sambhala nahIM rahI thii| usakA maiM to cAhatI hU~ ki merA beTA ina prapaMcoM se dUra hI rahe / kharca nibhAnA mevAr3a rAjya kI zakti ke bAhara kI bAta rAjA banane kI apekSA eka sAdhAraNa manuSya jyAdA sukhI thii| sindhI sipAhI mahaloM para dharanA diye baiThe the| rahatA hai| logoM ne janAnI Dyor3hI para jAkara arja saradAra pradhAna loga samajhA rahe the parantu sindhI mAnate na karavAI-'Apa aisA karake to apane ikalaute beTe ke jIvana the| rAmapyArI uttara-pratyuttara karatI dina meM janAne se ko aura jyAdA khatare meM ddaaleNgii| gaddI para baiThane vAlA bAhara Dyor3hI taka pacAsoM cakkara lgaatii| cAlIsa dina gaddI ke uttarAdhikArI kA jIvita rahanA kaise pasanda taka dharanA tathA samajhAnA-bujhAnA calatA rhaa| anta meM karegA ?' bAIjIrAja ne kurAvaDu ke rAvataajunasiMha jI cUMDAvata ko bhImasiMhajI sADhe nau varSa kI Aya meM gaddI para baitthe| bulaayaa| unake samajhAne para sindhI mAne, para isa zarta rAjya kI zAsana Dora cUMDAvatoM ke hAtha meM thii| zatkAke sAtha jaba taka rupayoM kA prabandha ho, hamArI ola meM vatoM aura caMDAvatoM kA Apasa kA dveSa thA hii| zatkAvatoM kisI ko rakhA jaay| 'ola' kA artha hotA thA ki ke netA bhIDara ke rAvata mohakama siMhajI ruSTa hokara bhIDara ziSTa vyakti ko unake supurda kara diyA jaave| rAmapyArI jaathe| rAjya kA kArya arjana siMha caMDAvata kI ne Akara bAIjIrAja se sindhiyoM kI zarta khii| bAIjI salAha se musAhiba loga calA rahe the| rAja jhAlAjI vicAra meM par3a gii| ola meM kisI ko rakhe binA koI cArA nhiiN| parantu kisa vyakti ko rakhA ra bAIjIrAja kI AjJA se rAmapyArI ne jAkara musAjAya ? usa samaya unake pAsa hI unake 6 sAla ke hibA se kahA, 'mahArANA sAhiba kI janmagAMTha AI hai| choTe putra bhImasiMha jI baiThe the| ve ekadama bola uThe- use manAne ke liye khace kA prabandha kro|' parantu musA'mujhe ola meM bheja do|' itanA sunate hI bAijIrAja kA hivoM ne manA kara diyA ki rupaye nahIM haiM aura prabandha nahIM sneha umar3A aura netra duHkha ke A~suoM se gIle ho gye| hA sktaa| musAhibA sA ho sktii| musAhiboM kA aisA uttara sunakara rAmapyArI unhone pyAra se beTe ko chAtI se lagA liyaa| rAmapyArI bolI, 'rupayoM kA prabandha tumheM karanA pdd'egaa| yadi prabandha ne bhImasiMhajI ko godI meM uThAkara sindhiyoM ko sauMpa nahIM kara sakate to musAhibI kyoM karate ho?' isa para diyaa| arjanasiMhajI bhI sAtha ho gye| do varSa taka kisI ne kahA, 'hama to nahIM kara sakate, tU kara le|' sindhiyoM ne bhImasiMhajI tathA arjanasiMhajI ko apanI rAmapyArI bar3I jabAnadarAja thI aura bAIjIrAja usako ola meM rkhaa| mAnatI thii| vaha bolI 'tumhAre bharose musAhibI nahIM par3I hai| yahA~ rAjya meM kAma karane vAloM kI kamI nahIM bhImasiMhajI ke ola meM se lauTane ke thor3e dina bAda hai| tuma caMDAvatoM kI tAkata para bhUla rahe ho| jAkara mahArANA hamIra siMhajI kA kama umra meM dehAnta ho gyaa| kaha denA rAvata ajana siMha jI ko ki varSagAMTha manAI bhImasiMhajI mevAr3a kI gaddI ke uttarAdhikArI the| para jAegI aura rupayoM kA prabandha karanA pdd'egaa| agara bAIjIrAja inheM gaddI para beThAne se inkAra kara gii| unase nahIM hotA hai to kAma choDa deN| bAIjIrAja ne kahA, mujhe rAjya nahIM caahiye| maiM apane beTe kI kuzalatA meM hI khuza haiN| isa rAjya ke liye mere janAnI Dyor3hI para eka ahalakAra somacanda gAndhI pati mAre gye| khilatI javAnI meM merA lar3akA SaDyantroM nAmaka vyakti rahatA thaa| usane samaya ko A~kA aura kA zikAra huA, duSToM ne use jahara diyaa| mujhe rAjya rAmapyArI se kahane lagA, 'arjuna siMhajI ko bAIjIrAja se napharata ho gayI hai| rAjya ke lAlaca meM insAna meM bar3A yogya samajhatI haiN| agara mujhe pradhAnagI sauMpe to maiM insAniyata nahIM rhtii| vahA~ rAta-dina Sar3ayantra, kucakra sArA prabandha kara dikhaauuN|' aura dhokhe-bAjI ke sivAya kucha nhiiN| maiMne rAjya kI bAIjIrAja cir3hI huI to thI hI, rAmapyArI ne unheM E65

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usI samaya somacanda ulTA sIdhA kahakara rAjI kara liyA / somacanda gA~dhI ko pradhAna pada de diyA gayA / tatkAla cUMDAvatoM ke virodhiyoM ke pAsa gayA aura turanta rupayoM kA prabandha kara bAIjIrAja ko rupaye najara kara diye / somacanda ne bar3I nItijJatA se kAma liyA / cUMDAvatoM ke virodhiyoM ko apanI ora milAkara apanA dala majabUta kara liyaa| koTA ke jAlimasiMhajI jhAlA ko usane apanA maddagAra banA liyaa| mahArANA ko lekara somacanda gAndhI bhIMDara gayA aura mohakama siMhajI zatkAvata ko manAyA | ve bIsa varSa se nArAja ho rahe the / mahArANA ke apane yahA~ Ane se ve turanta sAtha ho gaye / udayapura lAkara mohakama siMhajI ko zAsana kI Dora sauMpa dI gii| aba cUMDAvatoM ke sthAna para zatkAvatoM kA hukama calane lagA / somacanda gAndhI aura rAmapyArI kI salAha se sArA kAma hone lagA / zatkAvatoM ke hAtha zAsana zakti dene se cUMDAvata nArAja hokara apane-apane ThikAnoM ko cale gye| zatkAvata cUMDAvatoM ko hAni pahu~cAne kI socate aura cUMDAvata zatkAvatoM ko / somacanda gAndhI ne kAma bar3I khUbI se samhAlA / somacanda aura mohakama siMhajI ne milakara socA ki mevAr3a ke kaI ilAke marahaThoM ne dabA rakhe haiM / yaha mevAr3a ke liye sammAna aura artha donoM hI prakAra se hAnikAraka haiN| ina ilAkoM ko hameM vApisa lenA cAhiye / mahArANA aura bAIjIrAja ne bhI ise svIkAra kiyA / talavAra ke bala ke sivAya koI dUsarA mArga nahIM thA / unhoMne marahaThoM ko rAjasthAna se bAhara nikAlane kI yojanA banAI / dUsarI riyAsatoM se bhI isa sambandha meM bAtacIta kii| marahaThoM se gaye huye ilAkoM ko chInane ke liye koTA aura jodhapura bhI sahamata ho gye| koTA se phauja lekara Ane ko to jAlimasiMhajI taiyAra the / jodhapura ke pradhAna jJAnamala ne somacanda gAndhI ke nAma jodhapura kI AturatA vizeSa patra likhakara prakaTa kI / yojanA pUrI taraha se taiyAra thI / eka hI jagaha Akara somacanda gAndhI rUka rahA thaa| cUMDAvata nArAja hokara apane ThikAnoM para cale gaye the| jaba taka cUMDAvatoM ko sammilita nahIM kiyA jAya taba taka Age kadama bar3hAnA 6.6] mumakina nahIM thA / somacanda ke kaI bAra prayAsa karane para bhI cUMDAvata rAjI nahIM ho rahe the / salAha ho rahI thI ki unheM kaise manAyA jAya / rAmapyArI ne kahA, 'mujhe ijAjata dI jaay| maiM jAkara unheM manAtI hU~ / mujhe vizvAsa hai ki Apake caraNoM meM unheM lAkara rahU~gI / ' rAmapyArI apanA risAlA sajAkara cUMDAvatoM ke pATavI salUmbara ke rAvata bhImasiMhajI ke pAsa AI / yahA~ para rAmapyArI ne apanI kArya kuzalatA kA pUrA paricaya diyA / usane cUMDAvatoM ko pIr3hiyoM taka kI gaI pUrva sevAoM kA ullekha kiyaa| usane mevAr3a kI durdazA kA karuNAjanaka vivaraNa diyA / phira marahaThoM ko nikAla bAhara karane para usane kahA, deza kI khuzahAlI kA citra sAmane rakhA / 'isa samaya kI sevAe~ cUMDAvatoM kI kIrti ko itihAsa meM amiTa rakheMgI / " phira Apasa kI galataphahamiyoM ko dUra kiyaa| usane bAIjIrAja kI ora se unakI dilajamaI kI Age ke vAde kiye / yena-kena-prakAreNa rAmapyArI bhImasiMhajI ko apane sAtha udayapura le hI aaii| unake sAtha hI Amera, hamIragar3ha, bhadesara, kurAvar3a Adi ke cUMDAvata saradAra bhI apanI jamItoM ko lekara Ae / inhoMne udayapura Akara kRSNavilAsa meM DerA DAla diyA / idhara bhIMDara ke mohakamasiMhajI zatkAvata bhI koTA jAkara vahA~ kI pA~ca hajAra senA lekara usI dina A gaye / inakA DerA campAbAga meM huA / kaI loga aise the jo svArthoM ke kAraNa yaha ekIkaraNa hone denA nahIM cAhate the| unhoMne cUMDAvatoM ke Dere para jAkara kahA, 'Apa logoM ko pha~sAne kA yaha jAla mAtra hai / zarakAvata koTA se isIliye jAkara phauja lAe haiN| dhokhA dekara Apa logoM ko mArA jaavegaa|' isake sAtha yaha sunakara cUMDAvata Ape se kaI pramANa bhI diye gaye / bAhara ho gaye aura ravAnA hone kA nakkAr3A bajA diyA | jAMgaDa loga joza dilAne ke dohe bolane lage : dhana jAM re caMDA dhaNI, bhUpata bhujAM mevAr3a | karatA AMTo jo kare, bar3akA haMdI bAr3a | cUMDAvata udayapura se cala pdd'e| jyoMhI yaha khabara somacanda gAndhI ko milI, vaha daur3A huA rAmapyArI ko lekara bAIjIrAja ke yahA~ pahu~cA aura arja kI ki kiye

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karAye para pAnI phiratA hai| ve svayaM padhAra kara cuMDAvatoM kii| ahilyAbAI ne apanI senA bhejii| sindhiyA kI ko manA laaveN| mA~ beToM ko agara manA kara lAtI hai senA bhI mArga meM isase mila gii| mandasora se zivA to koI naI bAta nhiiN| _nAnA bhI inake sAtha ho gye| bAIjIrAja jhAlIjI usI samaya palANA gA~va phuNcii| har3akyAkhAla para marahaThoM kI sammilita senA ke sAtha cUMDAvatoM se jAkara rAmapyArI ne isa prakAra kahA, 'Apake mukAbalA huaa| barachoM aura talavAroM se bar3I joradAra pIche-pIche Apa logoM kI mA~ AI haiN| kabhI mA~ nArAja lar3AI huI / mevAr3I senA ke kaI vIra mAre gaye / delavAr3A hotI hai to beTA mAphI mAMga letA hai| kabhI beTA nArAjI ke rAjaraNA kalyANasiMhajI jhAlA bar3I vIratA se ldd'e| hotA hai to mA~ manA letI hai| aba ApakI mA~ AI unakA sArA zarIra ghAvoM se bhara gyaa| usa samaya kI hai| Apa loga unake pAsa cale aura mA~-beTe milakara ghara unakI vIratA ke kaI dohe prasiddha haiN| unameM se eka dohA kI bAta kareM / ' rAmapyArI se aisA sunakara cUMDAvata saradAra isa prakAra hai: bAIjIrAja ke pAsa usI samaya cale aaye| rAmapyArI ne kahA, 'Apa loga dUsaroM kI bAtoM meM kallA hamallA thAM kiyA, poha ugante sUra / kyoM Ate haiM ? yaha gaMgAjalI lekara eka dUsare ke mana kA caDhata haDakyA khAla pe, narAM caDhAyo nUra // bahama nikAla leN|' isake bAda bAIjIrAja ne gaMgAjalI likhane yogya vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki asala meM pratibhA aura zrInAthajI kI tasvIra sira para rakhakara saugandha khAI aura yogyatA para kisI jAti yA varga vizeSa kA ThekA ki unake sAtha kisI prakAra dhokhA nahIM hogaa| isI nahIM hotA hai| rAmapyArI eka sAdhAraNa dAsI hI thI prakAra caMDAvata saradAroM ne bhI gaMgAjalI uThAkara svAmI- parantu usa samaya usane mevADa kI bigaDatI huI sthiti ko bhakta bane rahane kI zapatha khaaii|| bar3I buddhimattA evaM caturAI se smbhaalaa| mevAr3a ke zIghra hI mevAr3I sainikoM ne jAvara aura nIMbAher3A ke itihAsa ke anya mahatvapUrNa nAmoM ke sAtha-sAtha rAmapyArI ilAkoM se marahaThoM ko nikAla kara AkramaNa kI taiyArI aura usake risAle kA nAma bhI amara rhegaa| [ 67

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tRtIya hI haiM kyoMki vaha strIlampaTa aura durAcArI thaa| vaMza bhAskara ke anusAra usa DhUMDha rAkSasa ke nAma para hI usake vicaraNa kSetra kA nAma dUMDhAr3a vikhyAta huA : Amaira soM disa vArunI, ajamera soM siva ora meM / DhuMDhAra nAmahi desa bhI, yaha DhuMDha DhuMDhana daura meM // bIsaladeva viSayaka isa janazruti kA yahI Azaya lagatA hai ki vaha apanI duSTatA evaM durAcaraNa ke kAraNa nirIha prajAjanoM para atyAcAra karane lagA hogA jisase yaha pradeza ujAr3a ho gayA tathA loka meM vaha rAkSasa saMjJA se abhihita ho gyaa| DhUMDhAr3a kA nAmakaraNa rAvala narendra siMha ne brIpha hisTrI Apha jayapura -rAghavendra manohara nAmaka grantha meM likhA hai ki jIbanera parvata kA nAma DhUMDha hai jahA~ ajamera ke cauhAna nareza bIsala deva ne apane virodhiyoM rAjasthAna vizva vidyAlaya, jayapura ( pramukhataH mevAsI mINoM) ko daMDha-daMDha kara samApta karane jayapura ke AsapAsa kA kSetra DhaMDhAr3a ke nAma se ke lie mukAma kiyA thaa| vikhyAta rahA hai| isa ilAke kA yaha nAma kaba aura isa prakAra jahA~ rAvala sAhaba kA mata hai ki jIbanera kyoM par3A isa bAre meM koI sunizcita jAnakArI nahIM parvata kA nAma DhUMDha thA vahIM dUsarI ora vaMza bhAskara ke miltii| aitihAsika sAkSya ke abhAva meM isake nAmakaraNa anusAra rAkSasa kA nAma dUMDha thA ( vyaktiyoM ko DhUMDhake sambandha meM vibhinna saMbhAvanAoM para vicAra karanA DhUMDha kara khAne ke kaarnn)| isa sambandha meM vaMza bhAskara meM 'samIcIna hogaa| spaSTa ullekha hai : sarvaprathama vaMza bhAskara ne eka janazruti kA ullekha saba jana khAye DhuMDhi saTha, ihi kAraNa abhidhAna / kiyA hai ki cauhAna nareza bIsaladeva apane durAcaraNa ke rakkhasa ko DhuMDhahi rahayo, basyo utahi balavAna || kAraNa zApita ho DhaMDha nAmaka rAkSasa bana gayA tathA tathA, prajAjanoM kA bhakSaNa karane lgaa| vaha ajamera ko ujAr3a jubbanagara dai dAhine, avani uddharana Asa / kara IzAnakoNa meM sthita jIbanera kasbe kI ora unmukha annala nRpa ajamera bana, patto rakkhasa pAsa // huA tathA vahA~ parvata zRga para ukar3a baiThakara nara-bhakSaNa jubbanera ajamera bica, desa viraci udyAna / karane lgaa| duDha tahAM DhaMDhata rahai, prANina pAlana prANa !! khAya manuja utake sukhala, Isa kona disa ora / hanumAna zarmA ne apane prasiddha grantha nAthAvatoM ke jubbanera pura loM jabahi, rahayo macAvata zora // itihAsa meM Amera ke DhuMDhAkRti pahAr3a ke nAma se DhUMDhAr3a utake jana ravAvata aTala, kabahu zrAMta atikAya / nAma par3ane kI bAta kahI hai para isakA koI puSTa pramANa jubbanera giri zRga jo ukara baiThata Aya // nahIM miltaa| ajamera meM bIsaladeva (vigraharAja) nAma ke cAra eka paurANika mAnyatA ke anusAra DhuMDhA nAmaka eka rAjA ho gaye haiN| saMbhavataH ukta bIsaladeva vigraharAja rAkSasI (hiraNakazyapa kI bahina) thI jo isa kSetra meM 1 vaMza bhAskara, pR0 1303-4 / 68 ]

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rahatI thii| usakA vicaraNa kSetra hone se saMbhavataH yaha DhUMDhAr3a nAma se yaha kSetra lagabhaga tIna-cAra sau varSoM se ilAkA DhUMDhAr3a kahalAyA ho| navajAta zizuoM kI maMgala loka meM jJAta hai| likhita pramANa bhI isase pahale nahIM kAmanA ke lie DhUMDha pUjane kI rIti Aja bhI isa kSetra meM le jaate| lekina isake nAmakaraNa ke bAre meM phira bhI pracalita hai| lekina isa mAnyatA kA koI aitihAsika yaha niracayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki yaha nAma kaba AdhAra nahIM miltaa| aura kyoM pdd'aa| bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se dekheM to pAte haiM ki DhUMDhAr3a dAGa kSetra ke nAmakaraNa ke pIche sabase adhika yuktizabda rAjasthAnI kI vibhinna boliyoM meM nirjana aura ujAr3a pradeza ke artha meM anekazaH AyA hai| saMbhavataH saMgata aura vizvasanIya bAta yaha lagatI hai ki acarola ke nikaTavatIM pahAr3oM se nikalane vAlI isa kSetra kI pramukha vIrAna ilAkA hone ke kAraNa yahA~ jIvana-yApana karanA nadI kA nAma DhUMda hai| yaha nadI isa ilAke ke vyApaka duSkara rahA ho isIlie ise vividha rAkSasoM ke vicaraNa kA pradeza mAnakara aneka asaMgata va nirAdhAra mAnyatAyeM banA aura vistRta bhU-bhAga meM bahatI hai| vaha kAphI lI gii| purAnI hai aura isakA pATa bahuta caur3A hai| abhI kucha varSa pUrva 1981 meM DhUMDha nadI meM AyI bhISaNa bAr3ha ne pralaya gAjara mevo kAMsa khar3a, marada ja pUna ughAr3a / kA kesA tANDava kiyA thaa| usakI vinAza lIlA ne dhai ojhara astarI, aho ghara DhUMDhAr3a // isa ilAke ke kaI sau gA~voM arthAta eka bahuta bar3e kSetra ko DhUMDhAr3a desa rAkSasa dharA, daI vAsa naha diijie| prabhAvita kiyaa| bahuta sambhava hai DhUMDha nadI ke pravAha isa mAnyatA meM bhI jyAdA dama nahIM hai kyoMki kSetra kA bodha karAne kI dRSTi se isa bhU-bhAga kA nAma bhaugolika dRSTi se yaha ilAkA itanA nirjana aura vIrAna DhUMDhAr3a par3a gayA ho| paryApta sAkSya ke abhAva meM DhUMDhAr3a ke .. kabhI nahIM rhaa| nAmakaraNa kA yahI sabase vizvasanIya kAraNa lagatA hai| [ 66

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Jacket Engraved & Printed by Reproduction Syndicate, Calcutt: 200006