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________________ 750 jaina nyAya kailAzacandra zAstrI bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana dain Edalena a gainelibrainorma
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________________ jaina nyAya siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI prAcArya syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya, vArANasI bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana
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________________ jJAnapITha mUrtidevI jaina granthamAlA : hindI granthAMka - 10 granthamAlA sampAdaka : DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, DaoN0 A0 ne0 upAdhye, lakSmIcandra jaina Murtideva Series : Hindi Title No. 10 JAINA NYAYA (Jain Logic) Pt. Kailash Chandra Shastri Bharatiya Jnanpith Publication First Edition 1966 Price Rs. 9.00 (c) bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzama pradhAna kAryAlaya 6, alIpura pArka plesa, kalakattA- 27 prakAzana kAryAlaya durgAkuNDa mArga, vArANasI-5 vikraya kendra 3620 / 21 netAjI subhASa mArga, dillI- 6 prathama saMskaraNa 1966 mUlya 6.00 sanmati mudraNAlaya, vArANasI- 5
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________________ FOREWORD With great interest and pleasure I have glanced through the following pages written by Siddhantacharya Pt. Kailasa Chandra Sastri. The work is devoted to a careful study of some important problems of Jain Nyaya Sastra and sums up the teachings of ealrier authorities. In the Pristhabhumi prefixed to the work as an Introduction he has surveyed the entire field including teachers like Akalarka, Kunda Kunda, Umasvati, Samantabhadra, Siddha Sena, Patra Kesari, Vidyananda, Hema Chandra, Yasovijaya and others. Serious students of Indian philosophy are well aware of the brilliant part played by Jain Logicians in their polemics with Hindu and Buddhist Logicians in ancient and medieval India. Pt. Kailasa Chandra's book will be a valuable and reliable guide to a serious student of Jain Logic and Philosophy in the earlier ages. The work as it appears before us is the result of immense labour on the part of the author and discloses in him a critical grasp of the subject and a power of fair presentation. I hope it will be read with interest and profit not only by Jain students but also by scholars interested in the history of the evolution of Indian thought in general. 2/A, Sigra, Varanasi 10. 8. 1966. -Gopinath Kaviraj, M. A., D. Litt. Mahamahopadhyaya, SahityaVachaspati, Padma Vibhushana.
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________________ prAkkathana siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrIke dvArA likhita pustakakA maiMne vizeSa abhiruci aura prasannatAke sAtha avalokana kiyaa| prastuta pustakameM jaina nyAya zAstrake katipaya mahattvapUrNa viSayoMkA sAvadhAnIke sAtha adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai aura isameM prAcIna adhikArI granthakAroMke mantavyoMko bhI sAra rUpameM diyA gayA hai| pRSThabhUmimeM, jise granthakI prastAvanA kahA jA sakatA hai, lekhakane samagra jaina kSetrake akalaMka, kundakunda, umAsvAti, samantabhadra, siddhasena, pAtrakesarI, vidyAnanda, hemacandra, yazovijaya Adi granthakAroMkA paryavekSaNa diyA hai / bhAratIya darzanake gambhIra adhyetA suparicita haiM ki prAcIna aura madhyakAlIna bhAratameM jaina naiyAyikoMne hindU aura bauddha naiyAyikoMke sAtha vAdAnuvAdameM zAnadAra bhAga liyA hai| prAcIna kAlIna jaina nyAya aura darzanake gambhIra adhyetAoMke lie paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrIko yaha pustaka eka bahumUlya aura prAmANika mArgadarzakakA kArya kregii| kRti jisa rUpameM hamAre sAmane hai, vaha lekhakake athaka parizramakA phala hai tathA usake viSayakI AlocanAtmaka pakar3a aura samucita prastutIkaraNakI kSamatAko paricAyaka hai| maiM AzA karatA hai ki yaha pustaka na kevala jaina vidyArthI apitu bhAratIya darzanake kramika vikAsake itihAsake premI vidvAn bhI rucipUrvaka par3heMge aura usase lAbhAnvita hoNge| bha0 sigarA vArANasI -gopInAtha kavirAja mahAmahopAdhyAya, sAhityavAcaspati, padmavibhUSaNa
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________________ lekhakake do zabda eka bAra purAne 'patroM ko fAiloMko dekhate samaya merI dRSTi jainahitaiSI, bhAga 15, aMka 7-8meM prakAzita eka lekhapara pdd'ii| lekhakA zoSaka thA 'hindImeM jainadarzana' aura lekhaka the 'eDavarDa eMglo saMskRta hAIskUla' mujaffaranagarake heDamAsTara zrI motIlAla jaina ema0 e0 / yaha lekha san 1921 meM likhA gayA thA aura eka skImake rUpameM thA / skIma bahuta hI sundara aura Avazyaka thii| usane mujhe AkRSTa kiyaa| idhara 'baMgIya saMskRta zikSA pariSad' kalakattAse jaina granthoMmeM bhI parIkSA dekara jaina nyAyatIrthako upAdhi sulabha ho jAnese jaina vidyAlayoM meM jaina nyAyake pramukha grantha aSTasahasrI aura prameyakamalamArtaNDake paThana-pAThanakA khUba pracAra bar3hA aura prativarSa jaina vidvAna nyAyatIrtha parIkSA uttIrNa karane lge| kintu pazcAt samayane aisA palaTA khAyA ki nyAyazAstrakI orase chAtroMmeM udAsInatA AtI gyii| dhArmika granthoMkI to hindI TokAe~ bhI sulabha thoM, kintu nyAyazAstrake sambandhameM yaha sahUliyata bhI nahIM thii| nyAyazAstrake prAthamika granyoMko hindI TokA bhI isa yugake nyAyazAstradhurINa vidvAnoMne kI, kintu aSTasahasro, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, nyAyakumudacandra-jaise granthoMkI hindI TIkA karanA sugama nahIM hai / aura jaina nyAyakA paThana-pAThana cAlU rakhaneke lie Ajake yugameM yaha Avazyaka pratIta huA ki hindI meM use sulabha banAne kI ceSTA kI jAye / ukta skIma tathA AvazyakatAse prerita hokara maiMne hindI meM 'jaina darzana' nAmaka pustaka likhanekA vicAra kiyaa| aura Ajase lagabhaga do dazaka pUrva use likha bhI ddaalaa| sva0 paM0 mahendra kumAra. jI nyAyAcArya-dvArA likhita 'jaina darzana' pustakakA prakAzana zrI varNI jaina granthamAlAse huaa| pIche bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANasIke tatkAlIna vyavasthApaka zrobAbUlAlajI phAgullake prayatnase usake mantrI bAbU lakSmIcandrajI jainane merI jainadarzana pustakako bhAratIya jJAnapIThase prakAzita karanA svIkAra kiyaa| kintu cUMki 'jaina darzana' nAmase eka pustaka pahale prakAzita ho cukI thI ataH ise jaina nyAya nAma denA hI ucita samajhA gyaa| jaina darzanameM jaina tattvajJAnase sambaddha viSayoMkA samAveza honese usakI sImA vistRta hai kintu jaina nyAyameM mUlataH pramANa zAstra hI pradhAnarUpase AtA hai aura usIkI carcA isa pustakameM honese bhI use jaina nyAya nAma denA hI ucita pratIta huA aura isa taraha isa pustakakA nAmakaraNa saMskAra niSpanna huaa| pramANake dvArA padArthako parIkSA karaneko nyAya kahate haiM / isIse nyAyazAstra - ko pramANazAstra bhI kahate haiN| pramAgake antargata pramANakA svarUpa, pramANake bheda
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________________ jaina-nyAya prabheda, viSaya, phala aura pramANAbhAsa Ate haiN| prastuta pustakameM pramANake viSayako carcA nahIM A skii| yadi use bhI samAviSTa kiyA jAtA to granthakA kalevara Dyor3hA to avazya ho jaataa| isalie use chor3a denA pdd'aa| jisa-jisa viSayake pUrva pakSa aura uttara pakSameM jina-jina granthoMkA upayoga kiyA gayA hai yA jina granthoM meM ve viSaya cacita haiM, unakA nIce TippaNImeM nirdeza kara diyA gayA hai / tathApi isa granthakA vizeSa mAdhAra AcArya prabhAcandrake prasiddha grantha prameyakamalamArtaNDa aura nyAyakumudacandra haiN| nyAyazAstrako ucca kakSAoMmeM inhIMkA paThana-pAThana vizeSa pracalita hai| ataH ina granthoMke pAThaka chAtra isa pustakakA upayoga mUla granthako samajhane meM kara sakate haiM, likhate samaya unakI kaThinAIkA dhyAna barAbara rakhA gayA hai| yadi merI isa pustakase jaina nyAyake pAThaka chAtroMkI kaThinAI dUra ho sakI aura jaina nyAyake paThana-pAThanako protsAhana milA to maiM apane zramako sArthaka smjhNgaa| isa pustakake 'pramANake bheda' zIrSaka dUsare prakaraNameM matijJAnake aura parokSapramANake antargata zrutajJAnake bhedoMke svarUpakI carcA vistArase kI gayI hai aura digambara tathA zvetAmbara zAstroM meM varNita mata. bhedoMkA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai, vaha prakaraNa parIkSArthiyoM ke lie to utane upayogI nahIM haiM kintu jJAnakI carcA ke premI jijJAsu janoMke lie vizeSa upayogI haiM / jaina nyAya-jaise nIrasa viSayake sAhityako prakAzita karanekI svIkRti dekara bhAratIya jJAnapIThake saMcAlakoMne jo vidyAnurAga pradarzita kiyA hai usake lie maiM unakA aura vizeSa rUpase jJAnapIThake mantrI bA0 lakSmIcandrajI jainakA AbhArI huuN| DaoN. gokulacandra jainane isa pustakako suvyavasthita rUpa dene tathA zIghra prakAzita karane meM kAfI zrama kiyA hai| ataH maiM unakA bhI AbhArI huuN| aura bhAratIya jJAnapIThake pradhAna vyavasthApaka zrI jagadIzajIke sahayogake binA to kucha bhI sambhava nahIM thA, ataH unakA AbhAra svIkAra kiye binA maiM kaise raha sakatA huuN| mahAmahopAdhyAya paM0 gopInAthajI kavirAjane asvastha hote hue bhI prAkkathana likhanekA kaSTa kiyA, unakA maiM vizeSa rUpase AbhArI huuN| hindI meM jaina nyAyapara yaha pahalA prayatna hai, isalie truTiyA~ sambhava haiN| ataeva anta meM nyAyazAstradhurINoMse maiM apanI g2alatiyoMke lie kSamA-yAcanA karatA huuN| AzA karatA hU~ ki unakI ora ve hamArA dhyAna AkarSita kreNge| zrIsyAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya ) vArANasI - kailAzacandra zAstrI vIrazAsana divasa 2462 )
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________________ viSaya-sUcI pRSThabhUmi 1-44 nyAyazAstra 1, jaina nyAya 4, akalaMka devake pUrva jaina nyAyakI sthiti--AcArya kundakunda 6, AcArya umAsvAmI 8, svAmI samantabhadra, aura siddhasena 8, AcArya zrIdatta 21, svAmI pAtrakesarI 22, mallavAdI aura sumati 25, bhaTTa akalaMka 26, akalaMka devake uttarakAlIna jaina naiyAyika, kumArasena aura kumAranandi 35, AcArya vidyAnanda 36, do anantavIrya 37, anantakoti 38, AcArya mANikyanandi 39, AcArya prabhAcandra 40, AcArya vAdirAja 41, abhayadeva 42, vAdi. devasUri 42, AcArya hemacandra 43, yazovijaya 43 / pramANa 45-106 jainasammata pramANalakSaNa 45, pramANalakSaNakA vivecana 46, ('apUrva' padake sambandhameM jaina naiyAyikoMke matabhedakA vivecana / jaina dArzanikoMmeM dhArAvAhI jJAnoMke prAmANya aprAmANyako lekara vicAra bheda 51, ) darzanAntara sammata pramANalakSaNa aura unakI samIkSA 53, 1sannikarSavAda 53 ( pUrvapakSa-sannikarSake prAmANyakA samarthana sannikarSake chaha prakAra ), uttarapakSa 54 ( vastujJAna karAne meM sannikarSa sAdhakatama nahIM hai, yogyatA vicAra, sannikarSake sahakArI kAraNa dravya hai yA guNa yA karma 55, ) cakSukA prApyakAritva 56 ( cakSu prApyakArI nahIM hai, cakSuko aprApyakArI mAnane meM ApattiyAM aura unakA parihAra, cakSu taijasa nahIM hai 57, sannikarSako pramANa mAnanese sarvajJakA abhAva 58) 2kArakasAkalyavAda 59, pUrvapakSa 59 ( kArakoMke samUhase hI jJAna utpanna hotA hai isalie kArakasAkalya hI pramANa hai, jJAna to phala hai ), uttarapakSa 59 ( kArakasAkalya mukhya rUpase pramANa nahIM ho sakatA upacArase pramANa ho sakatA hai ) 3indriyavRtti samIkSA 60 ( indriyavRtti hI sAdhakatama hone se pramANa hai, padArthakA samparka honese pahale indriyoMkA viSayAkAra honA indriyavRtti hai / sAMkhyake ukta matakI samIkSAindriyavRtti acetana honese pramANa nahIM ho sakatI, indriyavRtti hai kyA? indriyoMkA padArthAkAra honA pratItiviruddha hai, vaha vRtti indriyoMse bhinna hai yA abhinna, yadi vRtti indriyoMse sambaddha hai to donoMkA kauna sambandha hai 61) 4jJAtR. vyApAra pUrvapakSa 61 ( jJAtRvyApArake binA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA, AtmA,
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________________ jaina - nyAya indriya, mana aura artha ina cAroMkA mela honepara jJAtAkA vyApAra hotA hai usIse jJAna hotA hai ataH vahI pramANa hai ), uttarapakSa 62 ( jJAtRvyApAra kisI pramANase siddha nahIM hotA, na pratyakSase, na anumAnase, na arthApatti se 62 ) 5 nirvi kalpaka jJAna 64 pUrvapakSa ( jo jJAna arthase saMsRSTa zabdako vAcaka rUpase grahaNa karatA hai vahI savikalpaka hai, anya nahIM / yaha bAta pratyakSa jJAnameM sambhava nahIM hai ata: nirvikalpa pratyakSa hI pramANa hai 65, nirvikalpameM savikalpaka jJAnako utpanna karanekI zakti hai ataH usake dvArA vaha samasta vyavahAroMmeM kAraNa hotA hai 65, savikalpaka pramANa nahIM hai kyoMki usakA viSaya navIna nahIM hai, nirvikalpakake viSaya dRzya aura vikalpake viSaya vikalpya meM ekatvAdhyavasAya honese bhramavaza savikalpaka jJAna hotA hai 65 ), uttarapakSa 66 ( dignAgane pratyakSake lakSaNa meM abhrAnta pada nahIM rakhA thA, dharmakIrtine kalpanArahita abhrAnta jJAnako pratyakSa mAnA 66, kalpanArahitatvakA nirAkaraNa 66, nirvikalpaka jJAna vyavahAra meM upayogI nahIM hai 67, vikalpa ke sivA nirvikalpakakI pratIti svapna meM nahIM hotI 68, donoMkA ekatvAdhyavasAya kauna karatA hai 69, jo svayaM nirvikalpaka hai vaha savikalpakako kaise utpanna kara sakatA hai 69, yadi savikalpakako utpanna karanepara hI nirvi kalpaka pramANa hai to savikalpakako hI pramANa kyoM nahIM mAna letA 72 ) / mithyAjJAnake tIna bheda 73, viparyayajJAnako lekara bhAratIya dArzanikoMke matabhedakA kramazaH nirUpaNa aura samIkSA 73, 1vivekAkhyAti, pUrvapakSa 73, ( sopameM 'yaha cA~dI hai' ye do jJAna haiM pratyakSa aura smaraNa | sAmane vartamAna sIpameM aura pahale dekhI cA~dImeM bheda grahaNa na honese ise vivekAkhyAtikA smRti pramoSa kahate haiM 74 ), uttarapakSa 74, ( yaha do jJAna nahIM, eka hI hai ata: viparItakhyAti hai smRti pramoSa nahIM 76, smRtikA pramoSa kyA vastu hai 76 - 78 ) 2 akhyAtivAda ( sopameM 'yaha cA~dI hai' isa jJAnameM kucha bhI pratibha. samAna nahIM hotA isIlie ise akhyAti kahate haiM yaha arafter mata samIcIna nahIM hai 79, yaha akhyAti kyA hai 79, ) 3 asatkhyAtivAda 79 ( bauddha sautrAntika aura mAdhyamikoMkA kathana hai ki sIpa meM 'yaha cA~dI hai' isa jJAnameM asatkA hI pratibhAsa hotA hai isalie ise asatkhyAti kahate haiM 80, yaha kathana ThIka nahIM hai asat aura pratibhAsa donoM viruddha haiM 80, aise jJAnoM meM kauna-sA arthakriyAkAritva nahIM hotA jJAnasAdhya yA jJeyasAdhya 80 ), 4prasiddhArtharUpAtivAda 81 ( sAMkhya mAnatA hai ki viparyaya jJAnameM pratItisiddha arthakA hI pratibhAsa hotA hai kintu jainoMkA kahanA hai ki aisA mAnanese bhrAnta aura abhrAnta vyavahAra hI naSTa ho jAyegA 81 ), 5 Atma
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________________ viSaya sUcI khyAtivAda 81 (yogAcAra viparotajJAnako AtmakhyAti mAnate haiN| kyoMki ve bAhya arthako jJAnakA viSaya nahIM mAnate ata: cA~dokA bAhyarUpase bodha nahIM honA cAhie Adi 82 ), 6anirvacanoyArthakhyAti 82 (advaitavAdI viparyayajJAnameM anirvacanIyAyakhyAti mAnate haiM kintu jo pratibhAsamAna hai use anirvacanIya nahIM kahA jA sakatA 83 ), 7alaukikArtha khyAti 83 (jisake svarUpakA nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aise arthako khyAtikA nAma alaukikArthakhyAti hai / yahA~ arthake alokikapanese kyA abhiprAya hai 84 ), 8viparItArthakhyAtivAda pakSakA samarthana 84 / / sAkArajJAnavAda kI samIkSA 86 pUrvapakSa ( bauddhoMkA kahanA hai ki jJAna arthase utpanna hotA hai isalie vaha arthake AkAra hotA hai| yaha niyama hai jo jisakA grAhaka hotA hai vaha usake AkAra hotA hai 87), uttarapakSa 88 ( jainoMkA kahanA hai ki jJAna aura arthakA tadutpatti sambandha nahIM hai yogyatArUpa sambandha hai, sAkAra jJAnako kisIko bhI pratIti nahIM hoto ataH jJAna nirAkAra hai 88), jJAna svasaMvedI hai 91, parokSa jJAnavAda 91 pUrvapakSa ( mImAMsaka jJAnako parokSa mAnate haiM / unake matAnusAra aryApattise jJAnako pratoti hotI hai 91 ) uttarapakSa 92 ( yadi jJAnako anumeya mAnA jAyegA to maiM arthako jAnatA hU~ aisI pratIti nahIM ho sakegI 95) jJAnAntaravedyajJAnavAda 95 pUrvapakSa ( naiyAyika jJAnako svasaMvidita nahIM mAnatA usake matase jJAnako dUsarA jJAna jAnatA hai 95, usake matase svayaM apanemeM ho kriyAke hone meM virodha hai 96 ), uttarapakSa 96 ( jaba Apa IzvarajJAnako svasaMvidita mAnate haiM to hama logoMke jJAnako svasaMvidita kyoM nahIM mAnate 96, tathA svAtmAmeM jJAnako kisa kriyAkA virodha hai 97 ), jJAnakA acetanatva 99 pUrvapakSa ( sAMkhyamata se jJAna acetana hai vaha pradhAnakA pariNAma hai / acetanajJAna kaise jAnatA hai isakA spaSTIkaraNa 99), uttara pakSa 99 (jainoMkA kahanA hai ki jJAna jar3akA dharma nahIM, AtmAkA dharma hai 99, sAMkhyako prakriyAkA khaNDana 100), prAmANyavicAra 102 pUrvapakSa ( momAMsaka svataHprAmANyavAdI hai, kintu aprAmANyakI utpatti doSoMse honeke kAraNa parataH mAnatA hai 102), uttarapakSa 104 ( jainoMke dvArA svataHrAmANyavAda aura parataH aprAmANyavAdako samIkSA / jaise aprAmANyako utpatti doSoMse hotI hai vaise hI prAmANyako utpatti guNoMse hotI hai 107 ) / pramANake bheda 110-162 jainasammata do bheda 110, pramANako carcA dArzanika yugako dena 110, dArzanika yugase pahale jJAnake pA~ca bheda 110, akalaMka devake dvArA pramANaviSayaka gutthiyoMkA sulajhAva 112, sabhI jainAcAryoMke dvArA usako mAnyatA 113,
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________________ jaina-nyAya cArvAkakA eka pramANa 114, usakI samokSA 114, bauddhasammata do bheda 115, usakI samIkSA 115, naiyAyika aura mImAMsaka sammata pramANabheda 116, arthApatti nAmaka pramANakA vivecana tathA antarbhAva 116, anumAnameM arthApattikA antarbhAva 118, abhAvakA pratyakSa AdimeM antarbhAva 119 / indriyake bheda 123, indriyoMke sambandhameM naiyAyikoMke matako samIkSA 123, indriyoMke sAMkhyasammata AhaMkAritvakI samIkSA 124, artha aura prakAzake jJAnakAraNatvakI samIkSA 125, prakAzake jJAnakAraNatvakI samIkSA 130 / matijJAna athavA sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa 131, arthAvagraha aura vyaMjanAvagraha 132, dhavalAke matakA vivecana 133, zve0 Agamika mAnyatA 134, mAnyatAkA sAra 143, digambaramAnyatA 144, darzana aura avagraha 144, akalaMkadevake tatvAryavArtikase 145, di0 paramparAmeM darzanake svarUpa meM bheda 146, siddhasenakA mata 150, IhA AdikA svarUpa 153, matijJAnake 336 bheda 155, anisRta jJAna aura anumAnAdika 157, bahu, bahuvidha jJAnakA samarthana 159 / __avadhijJAna 160, avadhijJAnake bhedoMkA vivecana 161, manaHparyayajJAna 162, manaHparyayake lakSaNake sambandhameM zve. mAnyatA 162, manaHparyayake bheda 162 Rjumati, vipulamatikA vivecana 163, sakalapratyakSa 164, sarvajJatvasamIkSA 165, sarvajJatAke viSayameM kumArilakA pUrvapakSa 165, jainoMkA uttarapakSa-sarvajJatAkA samarthana168, sarvajJatAke samarthana meM vidyAnanda svAmIkI sUktiyA~ 168, sarvajJatAko lekara vividha zaMkAeM aura unakA samAdhAna 176, IzvaravAdasamIkSA 177 pUrvapakSa ( sRSTikartRtvake samarthana-dvArA IzvarakI sarvajJatAkA samarthana 177, vividha yuktiyoMse sRSTikartRtvakA samarthana 178 ), uttarapakSa 180 ( jainoMke dvArA sRSTikartRtvaparaka yuktiyoMkA khaNDana 181), Izvarake svarUpake viSayameM sAMkhyakA pUrvapakSa 188, jainoMkA uttarapakSa 190 / parokSa pramAraNa 193-264 parokSakA lakSaNa aura usake bheda 193, smaraNa athavA smRti 193, smRtiko pramANa na mAnanevAle bauddha AdikA pUrvapakSa 193, jainoMkA uttarapakSa smRtike prAmANyakA samarthana 195, pratyabhijJAna pramANa 196, aNikavAdI bauddhoMke dvArA pratyabhijJAnake prAmANyakA nirasana 197, jainoMke dvArA usake prAmANyakA samarthana 198, upamAna pramANavAdI mImAMsakakA pUrvapakSa 201, jainoMke dvArA upamAnakA sAdRzya pratyabhijJAnameM antarbhAva 203, upamAna pramANavAdI naiyAyikakA pUrvapakSa 204, jainoMke dvArA usakA bhI sAdRzya pratyabhijJAnameM antarbhAva 205, tarkapramANa
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________________ viSaya sUcI 207, tarkake dvArA vyAptike grahaNakA samarthana 208, pratyakSase vyAptikA jJAna mAnanevAle bauddhoMkA pUrvapakSa 209, jainoMke dvArA tarkakI AvazyakatAkA samarthana 209, anumAnapramANa 212, anumAnakA lakSaNa 212, hetuke lakSaNa ke viSaya meM bauddhoMkA pUrvapakSa 212 ( hetuke tIna lakSaNa pakSadharmatva, sapakSatva aura vipakSa asattvakA samarthana ), jainoMkA uttarapakSa 213, (trairUpya hetvAbhAsa meM bhI rahatA hai 213, anyathAnupapatti hI hetukA samyak lakSaNa hai 215) hetuke yogakalpita pAMca rUpya lakSaNakI AlocanA 215 ( trairUpyakI taraha pAMcarUpya lakSaNa bhI sadoSa hai, anyathAnupapatti yA avinAbhAva niyama hI hetukA samyak lakSaNa hai 216) / avinAbhAva ke do bheda 216, hetuke bheda 217, hetuke bhedoMke viSaya meM bauddhakA pUrvapakSa 218 ( bauddha ke anusAra hetuke do hI bheda haiM- kAryahetu aura svabhAvahetu 218 ), uttarapakSa 219 ( anya hetuoMke sadbhAvakI siddhi 222 ) hetuke pA~ca bheda mAnanevAle naiyAyikakA pUrvapakSa 222, uttarapakSa 223 ( pA~case atirikta bhI hetuoMkI siddhi ), sAMkhyasammata hetuoMke bhedoMkA nirAkaraNa 223, sAdhyakA svarUpa 224, arthApatti pramANake sambandha meM mImAMsakoMkA pUrvapakSa 224, jainoMke dvArA arthApattikA anumAnameM antarbhAva 226, anumAnake avayava 229, anumAna ke avayavoMke viSaya meM bauddhakA pUrvapakSa 229, ( kevala hetukA hI prayoga Avazyaka hai, pratijJAkA nahIM 230 ), uttarapakSa 23, ( pakSakA prayoga bhI Avazyaka hai 231), anumAnake bheda 232 / Agama yA zrutapramANa 232, vaizeSikoMkA pUrvapakSa 233 ( zabda pramANa anumAna se bhinna nahIM hai 233 ), uttarapakSa 234 ( anumAna se bhinna zabda pramANakI siddhi ), boddhoM kA pUrvapakSa 236 ( zabdapramANa hI nahIM hai ataH usakA anumAna meM antarbhAvakA prazna hI nahIM hai 236 ), uttarapakSa 237 ( zabdapramANakI siddhi 237 ), mImAMsakakA pUrvapakSa 240 ( zabda aura arthakA nitya sambandha hai 242 ), uttarapakSa 242 ( zabda aura artha kA nitya sambandha nahIM hai 243 ), zabda ke arthake viSaya meM bauddhoMkA pUrvapakSa 243 ( anyApoha hI zabdArtha hai 244 ), anyApohakA artha 245 ), uttarapakSa 246 ( anyApohakA nirAkaraNa 246 ), zabdArtha ke viSaya meM mImAMsakakA pUrvapakSa 249 ( zabdakA viSaya sAmAnya mAtra hai ), uttarapakSa 250 ( zabdakA viSaya sAmAnya mAtra nahIM hai kintu sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hai 253), zabdako nitya mAnanevAle mImAMsakoM kA pUrvapakSa 254, uttarapakSa - zabda anitya hai 255, vedako apauruSeya mAnanevAle mImAMsakoMkA pUrvapakSa 260, uttarapakSa-- vedake apauruSeyatvakI samIkSA 262, sphoTavAdI vaiyAkaraNoMkA
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________________ jaina-nyAya pUrvapakSa 267, ( varNa, pada, vAkya arthake pratipAdana nahIM hai sphoTa hI arthakA pratipAdaka hai, varSAdhvani usoko abhivyakti karatI hai 267) uttarapakSa268 ( sphoTakI samIkSA ), saMskRta zabdoMko hI arthakA pratipAdaka mAnanevAle mImAMsakoMkA pUrvapakSa 271, apabhraMza, prAkRta Adike zabdoMko bhI vAcaka mAnanevAle jainoMkA uttarapakSa 273, zrutapramANa 277, ( zrutake akSarAtmaka tathA anakSarAtmaka yA zabdaja aura liGgaja bhedoMkA vivecana 278 ) zrutajJAnake viSayameM akalaMka devakA mata 280, zrutajJAnake viSayameM zvetAmbaramAnyatA 282 ( vizeSAvazyaka bhASyagata carcAkA vivaraNa 283, zrutajJAnake akSararUpa aura anazararUpa bhedoMkA vivecana 287, digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparAmeM antara 290, zruta. jJAnake zvetAmbara sammata bheda 292, (pratyeka bhedake svarUpakA vivecana 293 ) / zrutake do upayoga 265-336 syAdvAda 295 ( syAdvAda-zrutajJAna aura kevalajJAnameM antara 295, anekAnta aura syAdvAda 296, syAdvAda zabdase zrutakA nirdeza 297, zrutake do upayogasyAdvAda aura nayavAda 297 ) syAdvAda 298 ( syAdvAdakA svarUpa 298, syAdvAdake binA anekAntakA prakAzana sambhava nahIM 299, syAt aura evakArakA prayoga 300), saptabhaMgI 301 ( saptabhaMgokA vivecana 302, sAta hI bhaMga kyoM 304, adhika bhaMgoMkI AzaMkAkA samAdhAna 305 ), prathama aura dvitIya bhaMgakA samarthana 306, prathama aura dvitIya bhaMgakA vivecana 309, tRtIya bhaMga syAdavaktavyakA vivecana 314, caturtha, paMcama aura chaThe bhaMgakA vivecana 317, sAtavAM bhaMga 318, sAta bhaMgoMmeM kramabheda 318, pramANa saptabhaMgI aura nayasaptabhaMgI 319, donoMke prayogake sambandhameM vividha AcAryoMkA mata 320, evakArake prayogapara vicAra 324, saptabhaMgIkA upayoga 325, anekAntameM saptabhaMgI 326 ) / nayavAda 327 ( nayakA lakSaNa 327, ) pramANa aura nayameM bheda 328, nayake bheda 330, naigamanaya 331, saMgrahanaya 333, vyavahAra naya 334, RtusUtranaya 334, zabdanaya 335, samabhirUDhanaya 335, evaMbhUtanaya 336 / / pramAraNakA phala 337-341 pramANakA sAkSAt phala tathA paramparA phala 337, pramANase phala bhinna bhI hotA hai aura abhinna bhI 338, pramANa aura phalameM sarvathA bheda mAnanevAle naiyAyikoMkA pUrvapakSa 338, uttarapakSa 339 pramAraNAbhAsa 342-345 pramANAbhAsakA svarUpa 342, pramANAbhAsake bheda 343, dRSTAntAbhAsa 345 /
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________________ jaina nyAya
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________________
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________________ pRSThabhUmi 1. nyAyazAstra nyAyazAstrako tarkazAstra, hetuvidyA aura pramANazAstra bhI kahate haiM; kintu isakA prAcIna nAma AnvIkSikI hai| kauTilyane ( 327 I0 pUrva ) apane arthazAstra meM AnvIkSikI, trayI, vArtA aura daNDanIti, ina cAra vidyAoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai aura likhA hai ki trayImeM dharma-adharmakA, vArtA meM artha-anarthakA tathA daNDanItimeM naya-anayakA kathana hotA hai aura hetuke dvArA inake balAbalakA anvIkSaNa karanese logoMkA upakAra hotA hai, saMkaTa aura AnandameM yaha buddhiko sthira rakhatI hai, prajJA, vacana aura karmako nipuNa banAtI hai| yaha AnvIkSikI vidyA sarva vidyAoMkA pradIpa, saba dharmoMkA AdhAra hai / kauTilyakA anusaraNa karate hue jainAcArya somadevane ( 959 I0 ) bhI likhA hai ki AnvIkSikI vidyAkA pAThaka hetuoMke dvArA kAryoMke balAbalakA vicAra karatA hai, saMkaTameM kheda-khinna nahIM hotA, abhyudayameM madonmatta nahIM hotA aura buddhikauzala tathA vAkkauzalako prApta karatA hai| kintu manusmRti ( a0 7, zlo0 43 ) meM AnvIkSikIko AtmavidyA kahA hai aura somadevane bhI AnvIkSikIko adhyAtma viSayameM prayojanIya batalAyA hai| naiyAyika vAtsyAyanane apane nyAyabhASyake ArambhameM likhA hai ki ye cAroM vidyAe~ prANiyoM ke upakArake lie kahI gayI haiN| jinameM se caturthI yaha AnvIkSikI 1. 'AnvIkSikI trayI vArtA daNDanItizceti vidyaaH|' dharmAdhauM trayyAm / arthAnau~ vArtAyAm / nayAnayo daNDanItyAm / balAbale caitAsAM hetumiranvIkSamANA lokasyopakaroti, vyasane'bhyudaye ca buddhimavasthApayati, prajJAvAkyakriyAvaizAracaM ca karoti / pradIpaH sarvavidyAnAmupAyaH sarvakarmaNAm / zrAzrayaH sarvadharmANAM zazvadAnvIkSikI mtaa|'-kau0 artha0 1-2 / 2. 'AnvIkSikI trayI vArtA daNDanItizceti catasro raajvidyaaH| adhIyAno hyAnvIkSikI kAryANAM balAbalaM hetubhirvicArayati, vyasaneSu na viSIdati, nAbhyudayena vikAryate, samadhigacchati prajJAvAkyavaizAradyam ||56||'-nii0 vA0, 5 samuddeza / 3. aanviikssikydhyaatmvissye...||60|| nI. vA. 4. imAstu catasro vidyAH pRthak prasthAnAH prANabhRtAmanugrahAya upadizyante / yAsAM caturthIyamAnvIkSikI nyAyavidyA / tasyAH pRthak prasthAnAH saMzayAdayaH padArthAH / teSAM pRthagvacanamantareNa adhyAtmavidyAmAtramidaM syAd ythopnissdH|-nyaaybhaadhy 1.1.1 /
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________________ jaina nyAya nyAyavidyA hai| usake pRthak prasthAna saMzaya Adi padArtha haiM / yadi una saMzaya AdikA kathana na kiyA jAye to yaha kevala adhyAtmavidyA mAtra ho jAye, jaise ki upaniSad / isakA Azaya yaha hai ki yadi AnvIkSikImeM nyAyazAstra pratipAdita saMzaya, chala, jAti AdikA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai to vaha nyAyavidyA hai anyathA to adhyAtmavidyA hai| isa taraha AnvIkSikIkA viSaya AtmavidyA bhI hai aura hetUvAda bhI hai| inameM se AtmavidyA rUpa AnvIkSikIkA vikAsa darzana kahalAyA, jise a~garejImeM philaoNsofI kahate haiN| aura hetuvidyA rUpa AnvIkSikIkA vikAsa nyAya kahalAyA jise aMgarejImeM laoNjika kahate haiN| vAtsyAyana bhASyameM AnvIkSikIkA artha nyAyavidyA karate hue likhA hai'pratyakSa aura Agamake anukUla anumAnako anvIkSA kahate haiN| ataH pratyakSa aura Agamase dekhe hue vastutattvake paryAlocana yA yuktAyuktavicArakA nAma anvIkSA hai aura jisameM vaha ho use AnvIkSikI kahate haiN|' ___'nyAya' zabdakI vyutpatti karate hue bhI zAstrakAroMne usakA yahI artha kiyA hai| jisake dvArA nizcita aura nirbAdha vastutattvakA jJAna hotA hai use nyAya kahate haiN| aisA jJAna pramANake dvArA hotA hai isIse nyAyaviSayaka granthoMkA mukhya pratipAdya pramANa hotA hai| pramANake hI bheda pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama vagairaha mAne gaye haiM / kintu pratyakSa aura Agamake dvArA vastutattvako jAnakara bhI usakI sthApanA aura parIkSAmeM hetuvAda aura yuktivAdakA avalambana lenA par3atA hai kyoMki usake binA pratipakSI dArzanikoMke sAmane usa tattvakI pratiSThA nahIM kI jA sktii| isIse nyAyako tarkamArga aura yuktizAstra bhI kahA hai| usake binA darzanakI gAr3I Age nahIM bddh'tii| vaha usakA pratiSThAtA aura saMrakSaka hai| sambhavatayA isI hetUse akSapAdane nyAyazAstrako lekara hI eka darzanakI sthApanA kI thI jise nyAyadarzana kahate haiM / isa darzanane solaha padArthoke tattvajJAna 1. 'kaH punarayaM nyAyaH ? pramANairarthaparIkSaNaM nyaayH| pratyakSAgamAzritamanumAnaM sAi nvIkSA / pratyakSAgamAbhyAmokSitasyAnvIkSaNamanvIkSA tayA pravartata ityAnvIkSikI nyAyavidyA-nyAyazAstram |'-vaatsyaa0 bhA0 / 1 / 1 / / 2. 'nIyate jJAyate vivakSitArtho'neneti nyAya:'-nyAyakusumAJjali / 'nitarAmIyante gamya nte gatyarthAnAM jJAnArthatvAt , zAyante'rthAH anityatvAstitvAdayo'neneti nyAyaH trkmaargH|'-nyaayprveshpnyjikaa pR0 1 / nizcitaM ca nirbAdhaM ca vastutattvamIyate'neneti nyAyaH'-nyAyavinizcayAlaMkAra, bhA0 1, pR0 33 /
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________________ pRSThabhUmi se mokSa mAnA / una solaha padArthoMmeM jalpa, vitaNDA, hetvAbhAsa, chala, jAti Adi bhI haiM jinakA upayoga mukhya rUpase vAda-vivAdameM ho hotA hai / nyAyadarzana ke nyAyasUtra nAmaka mUla grantha meM ina sabakA sAMgopAMga varNana hai / jaba bauddhoM aura jainoMne nyAyazAstra kI ora dhyAna diyA nyAyadarzana usameM pUrNa unnati kara cukA thA / nyAyasUtroMke udbhavakA sunizcita kAla jJAta nahIM hai / kintu eka suvyavasthita darzana ke rUpameM nyAyadarzanakA udbhava anya prAcIna darzanoMse arvAcIna hai / boddha dArzanika nAgArjuna ne apanI kRti meM nyAyadarzana ke solaha padArthoMpara AkSepa kiyA hai / ataH nAgArjuna ke samaya meM nyAyasUtra kisI-na-kisI rUpameM upasthita honA cAhie / tabataka bauddha dharmameM kisIne nyAyazAstrakI ora dhyAna nahIM diyA thA / jaba nAgArjuna ke siddhAntako amAnya kiyA gayA to asaMga aura vasubandhune nyAyazAstrakI ora dhyAna diyA | vasubandhu tarkazAstrakA prasiddha vidvAn huA / usane usapara tIna prakaraNa bhI race the / unake pazcAt dignAga aura dharmakIrtine nyAyazAstrako yathArtha rUpameM svIkAra karake bauddhanyAyako pratiSThita kiyA / bauddhanyAyake pitA dignAga aura unake anuyAyI dharmakIrtike pazcAt jainaparamparAmeM jainanyAyake prasthApaka akalaMkadevakA udaya huA, aura jainadarzana meM jainanyAyapara svatantra granthoMkI racanA huI / jaise yuddhakAlameM yuddhake upakaraNoMkA vikAsa hotA hai vaise hI vividha darzanoMke pArasparika saMgharSakAlameM svapakSake rakSaNa aura parapakSake nirAkaraNa ke lie tarkazAstrakA vikAsa huA / nyAya yA tarkazAstrakA mukhya aMga pramANa hai / aura pramANake bhedoM meM se bhI anumAna pramANa hai / kyoMki pratyakSa agocara padArthoMkI siddhi anumAna pramANase kI jAtI hai / dUsaroMko samajhAneke lie jo anumAna prayoga kiyA jAtA hai use parArthAnumAna kahate haiM / rasiyana vidvAn ciraviTskIne 'bauddhanyAya' nAmaka vidvattApUrNa granthake prArambhameM likhA hai ki bauddhanyAyase hama tarkazAstrakI usa paddhatikA bodha karate haiM jisakA nirmANa IsAkI 6-7vIM zatAbdI meM bauddhadharmake do mahAn tArkika dignAga aura dharmakIrtine kiyA thA / inake sAhitya meM sabase prathama parArthAnumAnakA varNana hai / ataH parArthAnumAna hI tarka yA nyAya zabdase kahe jAneke lie 1. vidyAbhUSaNa, hisTrI oNpha i0 lA0, pR0 257 / 2. buddhiSTa laoNjika, bhA0 1, pR0 26 /
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________________ jaina nyAya sarvathA upayukta hai / vikalpa yA adhyavasAya, apohavAda aura svArthAnumAnake siddhAnta usI parArthAnumAnakI dena haiN|' isa taraha nyAyazAstrameM anumAna pramANa aura usake aMga-upAMgoMkA hI prAdhAnya hai aura usako lekara svatantra grantha race gaye haiM tathApi jaba hama bauddhanyAya yA jainanyAya zabdakA prayoga karate haiM to usakA tAtparya kevala anumAna pramANa na hokara kucha vizeSa hotA hai / aura una vizeSatAoMke kAraNa hI vaha bauddhanyAya yA jaina nyAya kahA jAtA hai| 2. jaina nyAya pratyeka darzana yA dharmake pravartakakI eka vizeSa dRSTi hotI hai jo usakI AdhArabhUta hotI hai| jaise bhagavAn buddhako apane dharmapravartanameM madhyama pratipadA dRSTi hai yA zaMkarAcAryakI advaita dRSTi hai| jainadarzanake pravartaka mahApuruSoMkI bhI usake mUlameM eka vizeSa dRSTi rahI hai| use hI anekAntavAda kahate haiN| jainadarzanakA samasta AcAra-vicAra usIke AdhArapara hai| isIse jainadarzana anekAntavAdI darzana kahalAtA hai aura anekAntavAda tathA jainadarzana zabda parasparameM paryAyavAcI-jaise ho gaye haiN| vastu sat hI hai yA asat hI hai, yA nitya hI hai, athavA anitya hI hai isa prakArakI mAnyatAko ekAnta kahate haiM aura usakA nirAkaraNa karake vastuko apekSAbhedase sat-asat, nitya-anitya Adi mAnanA anekAntavAda hai| anya darzanoMne kisIko nitya aura kisIko anitya mAnA hai / kintu jaina darzana kahatA hai___ "AdIpamAvyomasamasvabhAvaH syAdavAdamudrAnatibhedi vastu / tannityamevaikamanityamanyaditi tvadAjJAdviSatAM pralApAH / / " -syA0 maM0 zlo0 5 dIpakase lekara AkAza taka ekase svabhAvavAle haiN| yaha bAta nahIM hai ki AkAza nitya ho aura dIpaka anitya ho| dravya dRSTise pratyeka vastu nitya hai aura paryAya dRSTise anitya hai| ataH koI bhI vastu isa svabhAvakA atikramaNa nahIM karatI kyoMki sabapara syAdvAda yA anekAnta svabhAvako chApa lagI huI hai| jina-AjJAke dveSI hI aisA kahate haiM ki amuka vastu kevala nitya ho hai aura amuka kevala anitya hI hai|| _ 'syAdvAda' zabdameM 'syAt' zabda anekAnta rUpa arthakA vAcaka avyaya hai / ata eva syAdvAdakA artha anekAntavAda kahA jAtA hai| yaha syAdvAda jainadarzanakI vizeSatA hai / isIse samantabhadra svAmIne kahA hai--
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________________ pRSThabhUmi "syAcchabdastAvake nyAye nAnyeSAmAtmavidviSAm // -svayaMbhU0 102 / he jinendra, syAt zabda kevala jainanyAyameM hai, anya ekAntavAdI darzanoMmeM nahIM hai| jaina darzana eka dravya padArtha hI mAnatA hai| use mAnanepara dUsare padArthake mAnanekI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| guNa aura paryAyake AdhArako dravya kahate haiN| ye guNa aura paryAya isa dravyake hI AtmasvarUpa haiM / isalie ye kisI bhI hAlatameM dravyase pRthaka nahIM hote / dravyake pariNamanako paryAya kahate haiM / jo batalAtA hai ki dravya sadA eka-sA kAyama na rahakara pratikSaNa badalatA rahatA hai| jisake kAraNa dravya sajAtIyase milate hue aura vijAtIyase bhinna pratIta hote haiM ve guNa kahalAte haiN| ye guNa hI anuvRtti aura vyAvRttike sAdhana hote haiN| isIse jaina darzanameM sAmAnya aura vizeSako pRthak mAnanekI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI / guNa, karma, samavAya, sAmAnya, vizeSa aura abhAva ye saba dravyakI hI avasthAe~ haiN| inameM se koI bhI svatantra padArtha nahIM hai| vedAnta darzana paryAyako avAstavika aura paryAyase bhinna dravyako vAstavika mAnatA hai| jaina darzana donoMko hI vAstavika mAnatA hai| isIse vastu na kevala dravya rUpa hai aura na kevala paryAya rUpa hai, kintu dravya paryAyAtmaka hai| vahI pramANakA viSaya hai| jaina darzana pramANa aura nayase vastukI siddhi mAnatA hai / svapara prakAzaka jJAna hI pramANa hai| jJAna AtmAkA svarUpa hai, ataH use AtmA zabdase bhI kahate haiM / ananta dharmavAlI vastu ke kisI eka dharmako jAnanevAle jJAnako naya kahate haiN| jo naya vastuko kevala dravyako mukhyatAse grahaNa karatA hai, use dravyArthika naya kahate haiM, aura jo naya vastuko paryAyakI mukhyatAse grahaNa karatA hai, use paryAyArthika naya kahate haiN| ye naya bho syAdvAda yA anekAntavAdakI dena haiM; isIse anya darzanoMmeM inako dhvani sunAI nahIM pdd'tii| anekAntavAdake do phalitavAda haiM-saptabhaMgIvAda aura nayavAda / ataH syAdvAda saptabhaMgIvAda aura nayavAda, ye saba jaina nyAyako vizeSatAe~ haiN| jaina vidvAnoMne unake nirUpaNa aura vivecanameM bar3e-bar3e grantha likhe haiM aura anekAntavAdake balase hI anya dArzanikoMkA nirAkaraNa aura khaNDana kiyA hai| jaba bAdarAyaNa-jaise sUtrakAroMne usake khaNDanameM sUtra race aura una sUtroMke bhASyakAroMne apane bhASyoMmeM syAdvAdakA khaNDana kiyA tathA vasubandhu, dignAga, dharmakIrti aura zAntarakSita-jaise bar3e-bar3e prabhAvazAlI bauddha vidvAnoMne bhI anekAntavAdakI
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________________ jaina nyAya AlocanA kI to jaina vidvAnoMne bhI unakA sAmanA kiyA aura usake saMrakSaNake lie vAda bhI kiye / isa saMgharSa ke phalasvarUpa jahA~ eka ora anekAntakA tarkapUrNa vikAsa huA vahA~ dUsarI ora usakA prabhAva bhI virodhI dArzanikoMpara par3A / dakSiNa bhAratameM jainAcAryoM aura mImAMsaka tathA vedAntiyoMke bIca meM jo vivAda hue usakA asara mImAMsAdarzana tathA vedAntapara par3A / mImAMsaka kumArila bhaTTane apane mImAMsA zlokavArtika meM jainAcArya samantabhadrakI zailI aura zabdoM meM tattvako trayAtmaka batalAyA hai tathA rAmAnujAcAryane zaMkarAcArya ke mAyAvAda ke viruddha viziSTAdvaitakA nirUpaNa karate samaya anekAnta dRSTikA hI upayoga kiyA hai / jaina darzana na to sRSTikartA Izvarako hI mAnatA hai aura na vedake prAmANyako hI svIkAra karatA hai / isIse usakI gaNanA nAstika darzanoMmeM kI jAtI hai| yadyapi vaha kaTTara Astika hai | ataH anekAntake sAtha sRSTikartA Izvara aura vedake prAmANya ko lekara bhI Izvara aura vedavAdI dArzanikoMse jainoMkA saMgharSa hotA thA / ye hI tathA isI prakArakI kucha anya vizeSatAe~ haiM jinako lekara jaina nyAyakA udgama tathA vikAsa huA / 3. akalaMka devake pUrva jaina nyAyakI sthiti aitihAsika anuzIlanake AdhArapara aba yaha mAna liyA gayA hai ki jaina dharmake teIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha aitihAsika mahApuruSa the aura isa taraha IsavI sanse 800 varSa pUrva bhArata meM jaina dharmakA pravartana unhoMne kiyA thA / unase 250 varSoMke bAda bhagavAn mahAvIra hue| tIsa varSakI avasthA meM unhoMne pravrajyA dhAraNa kI aura bAraha varSoMkI kaThora sAdhanA ke pazcAt pUrNa kevalajJAna prApta karake prathama dharmadezanA kI / unake pradhAna ziSya indrabhUti gautama the / unako jIvake astitvake viSaya meM sandeha thA / usa sandehakA nivAraNa karane ke lie vaha bhagavAn mahAvIrake samavasaraNa meM gaye aura unhIMke pAdamUlameM jina dIkSA lekara unake prathama gaNadhara padapara AsIna hue / unhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIrake upadezoMko bAraha aMgoMmeM grathita kiyaa| unameM se gyAraha aMgoMmeM to svasamayakA pratipAdana thA kintu bArahaveM dRSTivAda meM 363 dRSTiyoM kA ( matoM kA ) sthApanApUrvaka nirAkaraNa thA / parantu kAlakramase vaha lupta ho gayA / AcArya kundakunda IsA kI prathama dvitIya zatAbdI meM AcArya kundakunda hue / unhoMne apane granthoMmeM svatantra rUpase pramANakI to carcA nahIM kI hai phira bhI jJAnakI jo carcA unhoMne kI hai vaha dArzanikoM kI pramANa carcAse prabhAvita pratIta hotI hai /
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________________ pRSThabhUmi dArzanikoM meM yaha vivAdakA viSaya rahA hai ki jJAnako svaprakAzaka, paraprakAzaka yA svaparaprakAzaka mAnA jAye / sambhavataH AcArya kundakundane ho jJAnakI svaparaprakAzatAko svIkAra karate hue jaina darzanameM isa carcAkA prathama sUtrapAta kiyA aura unake bAdake sabhI AcAryoMne AcArya kundakundake isa mantavyako eka svarase mAnA / AcArya kundakundane pravacanasAra (1-40, 49, 54 - 58 ) meM pratyakSa parokSa jJAnakI vyAkhyA dekara una vyAkhyAoMko yuktise bhI siddha karanekA prayatna kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki dUsare dArzanika indriyajanya jJAnoMko pratyakSa mAnate haiM kintu indriyA~ to anAtma rUpa honese para dravya haiM ataeva indriyoMke dvArA upalabdha vastukA jJAna pratyakSa kaise ho sakatA hai / indriyajanya jJAnake lie to parokSa zabda hI upayukta hai kyoMki jo jJAna parase hotA hai use parokSa kahate haiM (pravacanasAra 1-57,58) / AcArya kundakundane vyavahAra dRSTise to sarvajJakI vahI vyAkhyA kI hai jo uttarakAlIna samasta jaina sAhitya meM pAyI jAtI hai kintu nizcaya dRSTise nayI vyAkhyA kI hai / unhoMne kahA hai "jAdi passadi savvaM vavahAraNaeNa kevalI bhagavaM / kevalaNANI jANadi passadi NiyameNa appANaM // " - niyamasAra gAthA 158 arthAt vyavahAra dRSTise kevalI sabhI dravyoMko jAnate haiM kintu paramArthataH vaha AtmAko hI jAnate haiM / pravacanasAra meM sarvajJake vyAvahArika jJAnakA varNana karate hue unhoMne isa bAtako jora dekara kahA hai ki traikAlika sabhI dravyoM aura paryAyoMkA jJAna sarvajJako yugapad hotA hai / kyoMki yadi vaha traikAlika dravyoM aura unakI paryAyoMko yugapad na jAnakara kramazaH jAnegA to vaha kisI eka dravyako bhI nahIM jAna sakegA / aura jaba vaha eka hI dravyako usakI ananta paryAyoMke sAtha nahIM jAnegA to vaha sarvajJa kaise hogA ( 1-48, 49) / yahI to sarvajJakA mAhAtmya hai ki vaha nitya kAlika sabhI dravya paryAyoMko yugapad jAnatA hai (1-51) / kintu jo paryAya anutpanna haiM yA vinaSTa ho cukI haiM unheM kevalajJAnI kaise jAnatA hai ? isa praznakA samAdhAna karate hue unhoMne likhA hai ki samasta dravyoMkI sadbhUta aura asadbhUta paryAya vizeSarUpa se vartamAnakAlika paryAyoMkI taraha spaSTa pratibhAsita hotI haiM / A 1. niyamasAra gA0 160 - 170 /
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________________ jaina nyAya yahI to usa jJAnakI divyatA hai ki vaha anutpanna aura vinaSTa paryAyoMko bhI jAna letA hai (1-37,38,39) / isa taraha AcArya kundakundane tarkapUrNa dArzanika zailIkA avalambana lekara pratyakSa aura parokSa pramANoMke jaina siddhAnta sammata lakSaNoMkA upapAdana kiyaa| AcArya umAsvAmi kundakundake uttarAdhikArI AcArya umAsvAmine 'pramANanayara dhigamaH' isa sUtrake dvArA spaSTa rUpase pramANakI carcAko avatarita kiyA aura nayako pramANase pRthak rakhakara pramANakI taraha nayako bhI samAna sthAna diyaa| unhoMne pAMca jJAnoMko hI pramANa batalAyA tathA pratyakSa aura parokSa bhedoMmeM vibhAjita karake "matiH smRtiH saMjJA cintAbhinibodha ityanarthAntaram" sUtrake dvArA darzanAntarameM mAnya pramANoMkA antarbhAva parokSa pramANameM kiyaa| isa taraha AcArya umAsvAmIne tattvArtha sUtrake dvArA aise bIjoMkA vapana kiyA, jo kAlakramase prasphuTita hokara pramANaviSayaka carcAke AdhAra bane / svAmI samantabhadra aura siddhasena AcArya kundakunda aura umAsvAmIke pazcAt jaina vAGmayake nIlAmbarameM kAlakramase do jAjvalyamAna nakSatroMkA udaya huaa| ye do nakSatra the svAmI samantabhadra aura siddhasena divAkara / svAmI samantabhadra prasiddha stutikAra the| bAdake kucha granthakAroMne isI vizeSaNake sAtha unakA ullekha kiyA hai / apane iSTadevakI stutike vyAjase unhoMne eka ora hetuvAdake AdhArapara sarvajJakI siddhi kI, dUsarI ora vividha ekAntavAdoMkI samIkSA karake anekAntavAdakI pratiSThA kii| unakI lekhanIkA kendrabindu kevala anekAntavAda thaa| usIke sthApana aura vivecanameM unhoMne apanI prAjala lekhanIkA sadupayoga kiyaa| isIse unake granthoMmeM anekAntavAdake phalitavAda naya aura saptabhaMgIkA bhI nirUpaNa milatA hai| unhoMne jaina paramparAmeM sambhavatayA sarvaprathama nyAya zabdakA prayoga karake eka ora nyAyako sthAna diyA to dUsarI ora nyAya zAstrameM syAdvAdako gumphita kiyaa|-(svyNbhuu stotra zloka 102) unhoMne hI sarvaprathama sarvajJatAkI siddhi meM nIce likhA anumAna upasthita kiyA 1. tattvArthasUtra 1-6 / 2. 'tatpramANe' 1-10 / 3. tattvArthasUtra 1.13 /
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________________ pRSThabhUmi "sUkSmAntaritadUrArthAH pratyakSAH kasyacidyathA / anumeyatvato'gnyAdiriti sarvajJasaMsthitiH // " [AptamImAMsA zlo05] 'sUkSma paramANu vagairaha, antarita rAma-rAvaNa vagairaha aura dUravartI sumeru vagairaha padArtha kisIke pratyakSa haiM, anumeya honese, jaise agni vagairaha / isa prakAra sarvajJakI samyak sthiti hotI hai|' isa kArikAko par3hanese zAbarabhASyakI eka paMktikA smaraNa ho AtA hai|-"codnaa hi bhUtaM bhavantaM bhaviSyantaM sUkSma vyavahitaM viprakRSTamityevaM jAtIyakamarthamavagamayitumalam / " (zA0 bhA0 1-1-2) bhASyake sUkSma vyavahita aura viprakRSTa zabda tathA kArikAke sUkSma antarita aura dUra zabda ekArthavAcI haiN| donoMmeM bimba-pratibimba bhAva jhalakatA hai| aura aisA lagatA hai ki ekane dUsareke virodhameM apanA upapAdana kiyA hai| zabara svAmIkA samaya 250 se 400 I0 taka anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| svAmI samantabhadrakA bhI yahI samaya hai| vidvAn jAnate haiM ki mImAMsaka vedako apauruSeya aura svataHpramANa mAnate haiN| unake matAnusAra veda bhUta, vartamAna, bhAvi tathA sUkSma, vyavahita aura viprakRSTa arthokA jJAna karAnemeM samartha haiN| isIse vaha kisI sarvajJako nahIM maante| kintu jaina vedake pramANyako svIkAra nahIM karate aura jinendrako sarvajJa sarvadarzI mAnate haiM / ataH samantabhadrane zAbara bhASyake virodha yadi sarvajJakI siddhi hetuvAdake dvArA ko ho to koI ayukta bAta nahIM hai| zAyada isIse zAbarabhASyake vyAkhyAkAra kumArilane samantabhadrakI sarvajJatAviSayaka mAnyatAko khUba Ar3e hAthoM liyA hai aura usakA parimArjana akalaMkadevane apane nyAyavinizcayameM kiyA hai| isa prakAra samantabhadrane jaina nyAyakI sthApanA karake use jo kucha diyA use saMkSepameM isa prakAra kaha sakate haiM1. jaina vAGmayake prANa anekAntavAda aura usake phalita saptabhaMgIvAdakI prakriyAko pradarzita karake darzanazAstrako pratyeka dizAmeM unakA vyAva hArika upayoga karanekI praNAlIko pracalita kiyaa| 2. anekAntameM anekAntako yojanA karanekI prakriyA btlaayii| - 1. dekho AptamImAMsA / 2. svayaMbhUstotra, zlo0 103 /
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________________ jaina nyAya 3. pramANakA dArzanika lakSaNa aura phale btlaayaa| 4. syAdvAdako paribhASA sthira ko| 5. zruta pramANako syAdvAda aura vizakalita aMzoMko naya btlaayaa| 6. sunaya aura durnayakI vyavasthA kii| AcArya samantabhadrakI upalabdha racanAoMmeM dArzanika dRSTi se tIna racanAe~ ullekhanIya haiM - AptamImAMsA, yuktyanuzAsana aura svayambhUstotra / ina tInoMmeM bhI AptamImAMsA viziSTa kRti hai| isameM eka sau caudaha kArikAe~ yA zloka haiM / antima kArikAmeM kahA hai ki samyak aura mithyA upadezoMke bhedako samajhAneke lie isa AptamImAMsAkI racanA kI gyii| isakA prArambha isake nAmake anusAra AptakI mImAMsAse hotA hai| pAMcavIM kArikAmeM anumAna pramANake dvArA sarvajJatAkI siddhi karake chaThI kArikAmeM kahA hai ki vaha sarvajJa jinendradeva, tuma hI ho kyoMki tuma nirdoSa ho aura tumhAre vacana yukti aura zAstrase aviruddha haiN| aura yukti aura zAstrase aviruddha isalie haiM ki Apake dvArA pratipAdita mokSAdi tattva pramANase bAdhita nahIM hote, jaba ki Apake matase bAhya ekAntavAdiyoMkA ekAnta tattva pratyakSase bAdhita hai; kyoMki ekAntavAdameM na to paraloka hI banatA hai aura na puNya pApa karma hI banate haiN| ___ isa prakArase AdikI ATha kArikAoMke dvArA bhUmikA bA~dhakara samantabhadrane sabase prathama bhAvaikAnta aura abhAvaikAntakI samIkSA kI hai / usake pazcAt paraspara nirapekSa ubhayakAnta aura avAcyaikAntameM doSApAdana kiyA hai / punaH likhA hai "kathaMcitte sadeveSTaM kathaMcidasadeva tat / tathomayamavAcyaM ca nayayogAna sarvathA // " AptamImAMsA zlo. 14] he jinendra zrApake matameM vastu kathaJcit sat hI hai, kathaJcit asat hI hai, kathaJcit sat asat hI hai aura kathaJcit avAcya hI hai / aisA naya dRSTise hai, sarvathA nhiiN| arthAt na koI sarvathA sat hI hai, na sarvathA asat ho aura na sarvathA avAcya hI hai / kintu svarUpakI apekSA vastu sat hai aura pararUpakI apekSA vastu asat 1. svaparAvabhAsakaM yathA pramANaM bhuvi buddhilakSaNam-svayambhU0 zlo0 63 / 2. 'upekSA phalamAghasya zeSasyAdAnahAnadhIH / 102||-paa0 mI0 / 3. prA0 mI0 zlo0 104 / 4. prA0 mI0 zlo0 106 /
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________________ pRSThabhUmi 11 hai| yadi aisA nahIM mAnA jAtA to koI bhI vAdI iSTa tattvako vyavasthA nahIM kara sakatA; kyoMki vastukI vyavasthA svarUpake upAdAna aura pararUpake tyAgapara hI nirbhara hai / yadi vastuko svarUpakI taraha pararUpase bhI sat mAnA jAye to cetanake acetana honekA prasaMga AtA hai| yadi vastuko pararUpakI taraha svarUpase bhI asat mAnA jAye to sarvathA zUnyatAkA prasaMga AtA hai| isa taraha AcArya samantabhadrane saptabhaMgIke Adya cAra bhaMgoMkA upapAdana karake likhA hai "zeSamaGgAzca netavyA yathoktanayayogataH / na ca kazcidvirodho'sti munIndra tava zAsane // " [AptamImAMsA ilo0 20] zeSa tIna aMga bhI ukta nayayojanAse lagA lene caahie| he munIndra, Apake matameM koI virodha nahIM hai| bhAvaikAnta aura abhAvaikAntakI hI taraha Age advaitaikAnta, dvaitaikAnta, nityaikAnta, anityaikAnta, bhedaikAnta, abhedaikAnta, daivavAda, puruSArthavAda, hetuvAda, AgamavAda Adi ekAntavAdoMkI samIkSA karake antameM naya dRSTise sabakA samanvaya karate hue anekAntavAdako sarvatra sthApanA kI hai| ina ekAntavAdoMmeM sambhavatayA usa samayake sabhI darzanoMkA samAveza ho jAtA hai aura isa taraha samantabhadrane anekAntavAdako sthApanAke vyAjase sabhI darzanoMkI samIkSA kI hai| pahale hama likha Aye haiM ki jaina darzana dravyako guNaparyAyAtmaka mAnatA hai usIkA vizleSaNAtmaka dUsarA lakSaNa utpAdavyayadhrauvyAtmaka hai / arthAt vastu pratisamaya utpanna hotI hai, naSTa hotI hai aura dhruva rahatI hai, isa taraha vaha trayAtmaka hai / isIko siddha karate hue samantabhadrane kahA hai "na sAmAnyAtmanodeti na vyeti vyaktamanvayAt / vyetyudeti vizeSAtte sahaikatrodayAdi sat // " [AptamImAMsA zlo0 57 ] sAmAnyarUpase vastu na utpanna hotI hai na naSTa hotI hai; kyoMki sAmAnyarUpa vastuko pratyeka dazAmeM spaSTa anusyUta dekhA jAtA hai / ataH anvayarUpase vastu dhruva hai / aura vizeSarUpase naSTa hotI aura utpanna hotI hai| ataH eka vastumeM utpAda Adi tInoM eka sAtha rahate haiN| tInoMke samudAyakA nAma hI sat hai|
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________________ jaina nyAya Age ise dRSTAnta-dvArA spaSTa karate hue likhA hai "ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI nAzotpAdasthitiSvayam / zokapramodamAdhyasthyaM jano yAti sahetukam // " [AptamImAMsA zlo0 59 ] eka rAjAke pAsa sonekA ghar3A hai| rAjaputrIko vaha ghar3A priya hai / kintu rAjaputra usako tor3akara mukuTa banavAnA cAhatA hai| jaba ghar3eko tor3akara mukuTa banA to lar3akoko ghaTake nAzase zoka huA, aura rAjaputrako mukuTa banatA dekhakara prasannatA huii| kintu rAjA madhyastha rahA use na zoka huA na harSa; kyoMki vaha to svArthI thA aura suvarNa ghaTa aura mukuTa donoM dazAoMmeM vartamAna thaa| ataH eka hI vastuko lekara eka hI sAtha tIna vyaktiyoMke jo tIna prakArake bhAva hue ve sahetuka haiM / isalie vastu trayAtmaka hai| mImAMsaka kumArilane bhI samantabhadrake hI dRSTAntako unhIM ke zabdoM meM vyakta karate hue sAmAnyanityatAko svIkAra kiyA hai "vardhamAnakabhaGge ca rucakaH kriyate ydaa| tadA pUrvArthinaH zokaH prItizcApyuttarArthinaH // hemArthinastu mAdhyasthyaM tasmAd vastu trayAtmakam / notpAdasthitimaGgAnAmabhAve syAnmatitrayam // na nAzena vinA zoko notpAdena vinA sukham / sthityA vinA na mAdhyasthyaM tena sAmAnya nityatA // " [mImAMsAzlo0 vA0 zlo0 21-23 ] arthAt jaba soneke pyAleko tor3akara usakI mAlA banAyI jAtI hai taba pyAleke arthIko zoka hotA hai, mAlAke artho ko prasannatA hotI hai, kintu suvarNaka arthIko na zoka hotA hai aura na prsnntaa| ataH vastu trayAtmaka hai / kyoMki utpAda sthiti aura vinAza ke abhAvameM tIna prakArako buddhiyAM nahIM ho sakatI - nAzake binA zoka nahIM ho sakatA, utpAdake binA sukha nahIM ho sakatA aura sthitike binA mAdhyasthya nahIM ho sakatA ataH sAmAnya nitya bhI hai|' samantabhadra svAmIne syAdvAdakA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai "syAdvAdaH sarvathaikAntatyAgAt kiMvRttacidvidhiH / saptamaGgAnayApekSo heyAdeyavizeSakaH // " [ AptamImAMsA zlo0 104 ]
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________________ pRSThabhUmi arthAt kiJcit kathaJcit kathaJcana Adi syAdvAdake paryAya zabda hai| vaha syAdvAda sarvathA ekAntoMkA tyAga karake arthAt anekAntako svIkAra karake sAta bhaGgoM aura nayoMkI apekSAse heya aura upAdeyakA bhedaka hai / arthAt syAdvAdake binA heya aura upAdeyakI vyavasthA nahIM bana sktii| samantabhadra svAmIne syAdvAdako zrutapramANa sthApita karake usake bhedoMko naya kahA hai / yathA"syAdvAdapravibhaktArthavizeSavyaJjako nyH|" [ AptamImAMsA zlo0 104 ] syAdvAdake dvArA gRhIta arthaka vizeSoMko jo vyakta karatA hai use naya kahate haiN| asalameM anekAntAtmaka arthakA prarUpaka syAdvAda hai aura usIke phalita vAda saptabhaMgIvAda aura nayavAda haiN| ye tInoM vAda jainanyAyako hI vizeSa dena haiM kyoMki jaina darzana anekAntavAdI hai aura anekAntavAdakA prarUpaNa syAdvAdake binA nahIM ho sktaa| kintu syAdvAdake dvArA prarUpita anekAntAtmaka vastumeM-se jaba koI vaktA yA jJAtA kisI eka dharmako mukhyatAse vastucarcA karatA hai jaise bauddhadarzana vastuko kSaNika mAnatA hai aura anya darzana kisIko nitya yA kisIko anitya hI mAnate haiM, to yaha ekAntavAdI dRSTi naya hai| kintu naya tabhI sunaya hai jaba vaha itara dRSTiyoMse nirapekSa na ho, anyathA vaha durnaya kahA jAyegA kyoMki vastu ekAntarUpa hI nahIM hai| ataH nirapekSa pratyeka naya mithyA hai kintu saba nayoMkA sApekSa samUha mithyA nahIM hai / yahI bAta samantabhadra svAmIne kahI hai "mithyAsamUho mithyA cenna mithryakAntatAsti naH / nirapekSA nayA mithyA sApekSA vastu te'rthakRt // " [AptamImAMsA zlo0 104 ] samantabhadra svAmIke dUsare grantha yuktyanuzAsanameM 64 padya haiM / unake dvArA bhagavAn vardhamAna mahAvIrakI stutike vyAjase ekAntavAdI darzanoMkA nirAkaraNa karate hue mahAvIra bhagavAnke matako advitIya aura unake tIrthako sarvodaya tIrtha batalAyA hai "sarvAntavattadguNamukhyakalpaM sarvAntazUnyaM ca mitho'napekSam / sarvApadAmantakaraM durantaM sarvodayaM tIrthamidaM tavaiva // " [ yuktyanuzAsana zlo0 61 ]
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________________ jaina nyAya he vIra bhagavAn ! ApakA tIrtha sarvAntavAn hai - sAmAnya vizeSa, eka-aneka, vidhi - niSedha Adi paraspara meM viruddha pratIta honevAle saba dharmoMke samanvayako liye hue hai, sAtha hI gauNa aura mukhyakI kalpanAko liye hue hai arthAt anekadharmAtmaka vastu meM se jo dharma vivakSita hotA hai vaha mukhya kahalAtA hai aura jo avivakSita hotA hai vaha gauNa kahalAtA hai / isIse usameM virodhako sthAna nahIM hai / kintu jo mata isa apekSAvAdako svIkAra nahIM karatA aura sarvathA nirapekSa vastu dharmako svIkAra karatA hai, usameM kisI bhI dharmakA astitva bana nahIM sakatA, ataH vaha saba dharmose zUnya ho ThaharatA hai / isalie ApakA hI tIrtha saba duHkhoM kA anta karanevAlA hai, niranta hai| usakA khaNDana karanA zakya nahIM hai / ataH vaha sabake abhyudayakA kAraNa honese sarvodaya tIrtha hai / 14 sAta bhaMgoMkA upapAdana karate hue kahA hai "vidhirniSedho'nabhilApyatA ca trirekazastridviza eka eva / yo trikalpAstava saptadhA abhI syAcchabdaneyAH sakalArthabhede // " [ yuktyanuzAsana ilo0 45 ] vidhi, niSedha aura anabhilApyatA arthAt syAdastyeva, syAnnAstyeva, syAdavaktavya eva ye eka-eka karake tIna mUla vikalpa haiM / inake sAtha inake vipakSabhUta dharmako milAnese dvisaMyogI bhaMga tIna hote haiM - syAdasti nAstyeva, syAdasti avaktavya eva syAnnAsti avaktavya eva / aura eka trisaMyoga bhaMga hotA haisyAdasti nAsti avaktavya eva / isa taraha ye sAta bhaMga sampUrNa arthabhedameM ghaTita hote haiM / aura ye bhaMga syAt padake dvArA neya haiM / isI prakAra anya padyoMke dvArA ekAntavAdI darzanoMke vividha mantavyoMkA nirAkaraNa karate hue granthakArane yuktyanuzAsana nAmako sArthaka siddha kiyA hai "dRSTAgamAbhyAmaviruddhamarthaprarUpaNaM yuktyanuzAsanaM te / " [ yuktyanuzAsana ilo0 48 ] pratyakSa aura Agamase aviruddha arthakA prarUpaNa yuktyanuzAsana hai aura Apako hI abhimata hai / tIsarA grantha svayambhU stotra caubIsa tIrthaMkaroMke stavanake rUpameM hai kintu yaha stavana bhI dArzanika carcAoMse otaprota hai / usameM bhI pA~cavA~ sumatijina stavana, nauvA~ suvidhijina stavana, gyArahavAM zreyojina stavana, terahavA~ vimala jina stavana aura aTThArahavA~ arajina stavana vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiM / inameM syAdvAda,
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________________ pRSThabhUmi 15 anekAntavAda aura nayavAdoMkI dRSTise vastu svarUpakA samyak vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai "na sarvathA nityamudatyapaiti na ca kriyAkArakamatra yuktam / __naivAsato janma sato na nAzo dIpastamaH pudgalabhAvato'sti // " [svayaMbhUstotra zlo0 24 ] yadi vastu sarvathA nitya ho to usameM utpAda vyaya nahIM ho sakatA, aura na usameM kriyA-kArakakI hI yojanA bana sakatI hai| jo sarvathA asat hai usakA kabhI janma nahIM hotA aura jo sat hai usakA kabhI nAza nahIM hotaa| bujhanepara dIpakakA sarvathA nAza nahIM hotA, vaha usa samaya andhakAra rUpa pudgala paryAyake rUpameM apanA astitva rakhatA hai| nauveM suvidhi jinake stavanameM vastuko nityAnityAtmaka siddha karate hue likhA hai "nityaM tadevedamiti pratItenaM nityamanyatpratipattisiddhaH / na tadviruddhaM bahirantaraGganimittanaimittikayogataste // " [svayaMbhUstotra zlo0 43 ] yaha vahI hai isa prakArakI pratIti honese vastutattva nitya hai aura yaha vaha nahIM anya hai, isa prakArakI pratItikI siddhise vastutattva nitya nahIM, anitya hai| isa prakAra vastukA nitya aura anityapana Apake matameM viruddha nahIM hai kyoMki vaha bAhya aura antaraMga nimitta aura unase honevAle kAryake sambandhako liye hae hai| arthAt antaraMga aura bahiraMga kAraNoMke yogase utpanna haA ghaTa antaraMga kAraNa mRtikAkI apekSA nitya hai aura bahiraMga kAraNake yogase utpanna huI ghaTa paryAyakI apekSA anitya hai| aThArahaveM arajina stotrameM anekAnta dRSTiko saccI batalAte hue likhA hai"anekAntAtmadRSTiste satI zUnyo viparyayaH / tataH sarva mRSoktaM syAttadayuktaM svaghAtataH // " [svayaMbhUstotra zlo0 98] ApakI anekAnta dRSTi saccI hai| usake viparIta jo ekAnta mata hai vaha zUnya rUpa asat hai / ataH anekAnta dRSTi se rahita jo kathana hai vaha saba mithyA hai kyoMki vaha apanA hI ghAtaka hai|
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________________ 16 jaina nyAya "sadekanityavaktavyAstadvipakSAzca ye nayAH / sarvatheti praduSyanti puSyanti syAditIha te // " [ svayaM bhUstotra zlo0 101 ] sat eka, nitya, vaktavya aura isake vipakSa rUpa asat aneka anitya avaktavya ye jo naya haiM - vastuke eka-eka dharmake grAhI haiM, ve sarvathA rUpameM to ati doSayukta haiM aura syAt rUpameM puSTikAraka haiM / arthAt sarvathA sat, sarvathA eka, sarvathA nitya, sarvathA vaktavya yA sarvathA asat, sarvathA aneka, sarvathA anitya, sarvathA avaktavya rUpase jo ekAntavAdI pakSa haiM ve saba doSayukta haiM, mithyA haiM / kintu yadi unake sAtha 'sarvathA' ke sthAna meM syAt yA kathaJcit prayukta kiyA jAye ki syAt nitya, syAt anitya Adi, to ve samyak honese vastu ke svarUpake poSaka hote haiM / kintu isa prakArakA syAdvAda jaina nyAyameM hI hai " "sarvathA niyamatyAgI yathAdRSTamapekSakaH / syAcchabdastAvake nyAye nAnyeSAmAtmavidviSAm // " sarvathA rUpase kathana karaneke niyamakA rakhanevAlA syAt zabda Apa jina devake hI ghAta karaneke kAraNa apane hI vairI haiM, una ekAntavAdiyoMke nyAyameM nahIM hai / tyAgI aura yathAdRSTako apekSA meM nyAyameM hai, dUsare jo svayaM apanA [ svayaMbhU stotra zlo0 102 ] isa zloka ke pUrvArdha meM syAdvAdakA svarUpa bar3e sundara aura sarala DhaMgase batalAyA hai / jo sarvathAke niyamako nahIM mAnatA tathA jisa sat asat rUpase vastu pratIta hotI hai, apekSA bhedase usako svIkAra karanevAlA syAdvAda hai / jaise dravya paryAyAtmaka vastu dravyarUpase nitya hai aura paryAyarUpase anitya hai / isI stotrakA AgAmI padya atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / anekAntavAdI sabako anekAntAtmaka mAnate haiM / taba anekAnta bhI anekAntAtmaka huA / ataH anekAnta hai aura nahIM bhI haiM, aisA kahanepara anekAnta nahIM bhI hai to ekAntavAda A jAtA hai / isa ApattikA parihAra karate hue svAmI samantabhadrane nIce likhe anusAra anekAnta meM anekAntatva kI yojanA kI hai "anekAnto'pyanekAntaH pramANanayasAdhanaH / anekAntaH pramANAtte tadekAnto'rpitAnnayAt // " [ svayaMbhUstotra zlo0 103 ]
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________________ 17 pRSThabhUmi Apake matameM anekAnta bhI pramANa aura naya dRSTise anekAnta svarUpa hai| pramANako apekSAse anekAnta siddha hotA hai aura vivakSita nayadRSTise anekAntameM ekAntarUpa siddha hotA hai| samantabhadrake isa kathanakA vizleSaNa akalaMkadevane apane 'tattvArthavArtikameM kiyA hai / anekAnta aura ekAnta donoM hI samyak aura mithyAke bhedase do prakArake hote haiM / pramANake dvArA nirUpita vastuke ekadezako sayukti grahaNa karanevAlA samyagekAnta hai / aura eka dharmakA sarvathA avadhAraNa karake anya dharmokA nirAkaraNa karanevAlA mithyA ekAnta hai| eka vastumeM yukti aura Agamase aviruddha aneka virodhI dharmoko grahaNa karanevAlA samyaganekAnta hai tathA vastuko tat atat Adi svabhAvase zanya kahakara usameM aneka dharmoMkI mithyA kalpanA karanevAlA arthazUnya vacanavilAsa mithyA anekAnta hai| samyag ekAnta naya kahalAtA hai tathA samyaganekAnta pramANa / yadi anekAntako anekAnta hI mAnA jAye aura ekAntakA lopa kiyA jAye to samyagekAntake abhAvameM zAkhAdike abhAvameM vRkSake abhAvakI taraha ekAntoMke samudAyarUpa anekAntakA bhI abhAva ho jaayegaa| aura yadi ekAnta hI mAnA jAye to avinAbhAvI anya dharmokA lopa honepara prakRta dharmakA bhI lopa honese sarvalopakA prasaMga AtA hai| svayambhU stotrake antima mahAvIra jinastavanameM syAdvAdako anavadya batalAte hue samantabhadrane apane stavanako pUrNa kiyA hai "anavadyaH syAdvAdastava dRSTeSTAvirodhataH syAdvAdaH / itaro na syAdvAdaH sadvitayavirodhAnmunIzvarA'syAdvAdaH // " [ svayaMbhUstotra zlo0 138 ] he munIzvara ! 'syAt' zabdapUrvaka kathanako liye hue ApakA jo syAdvAda hai, vaha nirdoSa hai, kyoMki pratyakSa aura AgamAdi pramANoMke sAtha usakA koI virodha nahIM hai| dUsarA jo 'syAt' zabdapUrvaka kathanase rahita sarvathA ekAntavAda hai, vaha nirdoSa nahIM hai kyoMki vaha pratyakSa aura AgamAdi pramANoMse viruddha hai| isa prakAra samantabhadrane apane stutiparaka dArzanika prakaraNoMke dvArA syAdvAdakA saMsthApana, vivecana aura saMvardhana kiyaa| aura isa taraha ve syAdvAdake janaka khlaaye| AcArya siddhasenakI kRtiyoMmeM sanmatitarka vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| isakI bhASA prAkRta hai / yaha tIna kANDoMmeM vibhakta hai| isameM eka sau chayAsaTha padya haiN| pahale 1. tattvArthavArtika 1167
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________________ 18 jaina nyAya kANDako naya kANDa nAma diyA hai| isameM granthakArane mukhya rUpase nayavAda aura saptabhaMgIvAdakI carcA kI hai| prathama unhoMne anekAntadRSTikI AdhArabhUta sAmAnyagrAhI dravyAstika aura vizeSagrAhI paryAyAstika dRSTikA pRthakkaraNa karake unameM nayoMkA vibhAga kiyA hai / tattvArthasUtra (1-33 ) meM naya sAta batalAye haiM / kintu siddhasenane sAta nayoMko chahameM saMkalita kiyA hai| unakA mantavya hai ki nagama koI svatantra naya nahIM hai, saMgrahase evambhUtanaya taka chaha naya hI svatantra haiN| nayanirUpaNameM yaha unakI apanI vizeSatA hai| dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki dravyAthika nayako maryAdA RjusUtra naya taka thii| siddhasenane use vyavahAra naya taka hI rkhaa| unakA kahanA hai ki RjusUtrase lekara sabhI naya paryAyAstika nayako maryAdAmeM Ate haiN| nayavAdakI carcA meM siddhasenane mukhya tIna bAteM kahI haiM-donoM mUla nayoMkA sambandha, vastuke lakSaNakA donoM nayoMke dvArA pRthakkaraNa aura do nayoMmeM hI usakI pUrNatA, kisI eka hI nayake svIkArameM bandha mokSako anupapatti / nayake kathanake bAda siddhasenane saptabhaMgIvAdako carcA karake usakI saMyojanA mUla do nayoMmeM kI hai / unhoMne vyaMjana tathA artha paryAyakI spaSTa carcA karake usameM saptabhaMgIkA niyojana kiyA hai| unase pUrvakAlIna upalabdha sAhityameM yaha carcA dRSTigocara nahIM hotii| dUsare kANDameM jJAna aura darzanakI mImAMsA hai| zvetAmbarIya Agama sAhityameM kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzanako utpatti kramase mAnI gayI hai| aura digambara paramparAmeM ina donoMkI utpatti yugapat mAnI gayI hai| ina donoM matoMke sAmane siddhasenane tarkake balapara abhedavAdako sthApanA kI / usakI sthApanA karate hue unhoMne kahA "maNapajjavaNANaMto NANassa ya darisaNassa ya viseso / kevalaNANaM puNa dasaNa ti NANaM tiya samANaM // " [sanmatitarka gA0 2 / 13] jJAna aura darzanakA kAlabheda manaHparyayajJAna taka hai / parantu kevalajJAnake viSayameM darzana aura jJAna ye donoM samAna haiM arthAt eka haiM / isa abhedavAdapara AcArya kundakundake dvArA niyamasArameM nizcaya dRSTise kI gayI jJAna-darzana viSayaka carcAkA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai / anekAnta dRSTise jJeyatattva kaisA honA cAhie, isakI carcA pradhAna rUpase tIsare kANDa meM hai| jaise samantabhadrane AptamImAMsAmeM saptabhaMgIke prarUpaNake prasaMgase sat-asat, dvaita-advaita, ekatva-pRthaktva, nityatva-anityatva, daiva-puruSArtha
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________________ pRSThabhUmi Adi aneka vAdoMkI carcA karake anta meM anekAnta dRSTise apanA mantavya sthApita kiyA hai usI prakAra siddhasenane bhI sAmAnyavAda, vizeSavAda, astitvavAda, nAstitvavAda, AtmasvarUpavAda, dravya aura guNakA bhedAbhedavAda, tarka aura AgamavAda, kArya aura kAraNakA bhedAbhedavAda, kAla Adi pA~ca kAraNavAda, AtmAke viSaya meM nAstitva Adi chaha aura astitva Adi chaha vAda, ityAdi aneka viSayoMkA nirUpaNa karate hue unake guNa-doSa batalAye haiM / aura ekAntavAdakI parAjeyatA aura anekAntavAdakI ajeyatA sUcita kI hai / isa kANDa meM siddhasenane paryAyArthika nayako bhA~ti guNArthika nayako bhinna mAnane kI jo carcA uThAyI hai ( 3, 8-15 ) vaha unake pahaleke sAhityameM dRSTigocara nahIM hotI / akalaMkadevane tattvArthavArtikameM aura vidyAnandane tattvArthazlokavArtikameM bhI usa carcAko uThAyA hai, jo avazya hI sanmatitarkakI dena hai / 19 isI kANDa meM nayavAdakI carcA karate hue kahA hai ki 'jitane vacanoMke mArga haiM, utane hI nayavAda haiM; aura jitane nayavAda haiM, utane hI parasamaya haiN|' isa taraha jaba pratyeka parasamaya nayavAda hai, to kisa nayameM kisa parasamayakA samAveza hotA hai, yaha zaMkA honA svAbhAvika hai / usake samAdhAna ke lie siddhasenane kahA hai ki jo sAMkhyadarzana hai, vaha dravyAstikakA vaktavya hai, aura bauddha darzana parizuddha paryAyArthika nayakA vikalpa hai tathA kaNAdane yadyapi donoM nayoMse apane darzana kI prarUpaNA kI hai, phira bhI vaha pramANa nahIM hai; kyoMki donoM nayoMke dvArA sApekSa kathana na karake nirapekSa kathana kiyA gayA hai / ( gA0 3,47-49 ) / isa taraha darzanoM kI nayavAda meM yojanA kI hai / aura antameM jinavacanako mithyA darzanoM kA samUha rUpa batalAyA hai / isa taraha siddhasenane bhI sanmatitarkake dvArA anekAnta dRSTike phalitavAda saptabhaMgI aura nayoMkA nirUpaNa karake jainanyAyako dRSTiko paripuSTa kiyA / I sanmati tarkake atirikta bAIsa battosiyoM ko bhI siddhasenako kRti mAnA jAtA hai / yadyapi isameM vivAda bhI hai / inhIM meM eka nyAyAvatAra bhI hai| jaina nyAyakI dRSTise vaha mahattvapUrNa hai / AcArya samantabhadrane to kevala nyAya zabdakA prayoga karake use syAdvAdake sAtha saMyukta kiyA thA, kintu siddhasenane nyAyAvatArakI racanA karake jaina darzana meM usakA avataraNa hI kara diyA / nyAyAvatAra meM pramANakI carcA zurU karake antameM parArthAnumAnakI hI vistArase carcA kI hai aura jaina dRSTise pakSa, sAdhya, hetu, dRSTAnta, hetvAbhAsa Adike lakSaNa diye haiM / AcArya samantabhadrane svaparAvabhAsaka jJAnako pramANa kahA thA, kintu nyAyAvatAra meM usameM 'bAdhavivajita' pada jor3a diyA gayA hai
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________________ 20 jaina nyAya "pramANaM svaparAmAsi jJAnaM bAdhavivarjitam " pratyakSaM ca parokSaM ca dvidhA meyavinizcayAt // 1 // arthAt sva aura parako jAnanevAle bAdhArahita jJAnako pramANa kahate haiM / prameyake do prakAra honese pramANa bhI do prakArakA hai - eka pratyakSa aura dUsarA -parokSa | nIce likhA zloka kumArilakartRka mAnA jAtA hai"tatrApUrvArthavijJAnaM nizcitaM bAdhavarjitam / aduSTakAraNArabdhaM pramANaM lokasammatam // " isameM bhI 'bAghavajita' pada AyA hai| paM0 sukhalAlajI ne pramANamImAMsA ke apane bhASA TippaNa ( pR0 51 ) meM likhA hai - ' siddhasena divAkarakI kRti rUpase mAne jAnevAle nyAyAvatAra meM jaina paramparAnusArI pramANalakSaNa meM jo 'bAgha vivarjita' pada hai vaha akSapAdake ( nyAya sU0 1-1-4 ) pratyakSa lakSaNagata avyabhicArI padakA pratibimba hai yA kumArilakartRka samajhe jAnevAle 'tatrApUrvArthavijJAnaM pramANaM bAdhavajitam' lakSaNagata 'bAdhavajita' padakI anukRti hai yA dharmakIrtIya ( nyAyavi0 1.4) abhrAnta padakA rUpAntara hai yA svayaM divAkarakA maulika udbhAvana hai, yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai|' isa taraha paNDitajIne use vicAraNIya prazna kahakara chor3a diyA hai / kintu Age nyAyAvatArakI kArikA 5 aura 6 meM anumAna aura pratyakSake lakSaNa meM 'abhrAnta' pada hai jo spaSTa hI dharmakIrtike pratyakSa ke lakSaNa "pratyakSaM kalpanApoDhamabhrAntam " ( nyA0 vi0 4 ) kA RNI pratIta hotA hai / isa satyako svIkAra karate hue bhI paNDitajI zAyada isIlie asvIkAra karate haiM ki sanmatitarka ke kartA siddhasena divAkara dharmakIrti se pahale hue haiM aura nyAyAvatArako unhIMkI kRti mAnA jAtA hai / vaha likhate haiM 'dharmakIrti ke samagra hetu bindukI tulanA kI jA sake aisI siddhasenakI koI kRti isa samaya hamAre sAmane nahIM hai parantu unake nyAyabinduke sAtha Adyanta tulanA kI jA sake aisI eka kRti to saubhAgya se bacI hai aura vaha hai nyAyAvatAra | nyAyabindumeM pramANa sAmAnyakI carcA honepara bhI usameM anumAnakI aura khAsa karake parArtha anumAnakI hI carcA mukhya aura vistArase hai / nyAyAvatAra meM bhI vahI vastu hai / ' nyAyabindu aura nyAyAvatAra meM jo vastusAmya hai, vaha aisA nahIM hai ki usaparase kevala itanA hI anumAna kiyA jA sake ki donoMke sAmane amuka-amuka paramparA thI / vastusAmyake sAtha zabdasAmya bhI to ullekhanIya hai / nyAyAva - tArakI ukta prathama kArikAke uttarArdhako par3hate hI dharmakIrtiko pramANavArtika ke
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________________ pRSThabhUmi zabda "mAnaM dvividhaM meyadvaividhyAt / " (pra0 vA0 2 / 1 ) kA balAt smaraNa hotA hai| tathA chaTho kArikAke pUrvArdha "na pratyakSamapi bhrAntaM pramANatvavinizcayAt" ko dekhate hI dharmakotike pramANavinizcaya nAmaka granthakI smRti svabhAvataH ho AtI hai| ataH dharmakIrtike nyAyavinduke sAthake sAmya tathA pramANake lakSaNameM Agata bAdhavajita padase tathA anya bhI kucha saMketoMse nyAyAvatAra dharmakIrti aura kumArilake pazcAt racA gayA pratIta hotA hai aura isalie yaha una siddhasenakI kRti nahIM ho sakatA, jo pUjyapAda devanandike pUrvavartI haiM / .. nyAyAvatAra AcArya samantabhadrakI kRtiyoMkA bhI RNI hai| isakI AThavIM kArikAmeM zAbda pramANakA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai "dRSTeSTAvyAhatAdvAkyAt paramArthAbhidhAyinaH / tasvagrAhitayotpannaM mAnaM zAbdaM prakIrtitam // 8 // " isoke pazcAt zAstrakA lakSaNa kiyA hai "AptopajJamanullaMdhyamadRSTeSTavirodhakam / tatvopadezakRtsA zAstraM kApabhaghaTTanam // " [ ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra zloka 9] pahalI kArikAke 'dRSTeSTAvyAhatAdvAkyAt' tathA 'tattvagrAhi' pada aura dUsarI kArikAke 'adRSTeSTavirodhakam' aura 'tattvopadezakRt' pada samAnArthaka haiM / 'paramArthAbhidhAyinaH AptopajJam' meM bhI bimba-pratibimba bhAva hai| dUsarI kArikA samantabhadrakRta ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra kI hai| usameM deva guru zAstrakA lakSaNa karate hue zAstrake lakSaNake rUpameM ukta kArikA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki nyAyAvatArakI AThavIM kArikA usIke AdhArapara racI gayI hai aura pramANa rUpase nauMvI kArikA upasthita kI gayI hai| anyathA zAbda pramANakA lakSaNa kahakara zAstrakA lakSaNa kahanekA koI tuka nahIM hai| isI taraha nyAyAvatArakI kArikA 28 para bhI samantabhadrake AptamImAMsAkI kArikA 102 kI chAyA pratIta hotI hai| phira bhI yaha sambhava hai ki jaina paramparAmeM nyAyakA avataraNa karanekA zreya isI granthako ho jaisA ki isake nAmase vyakta hotA hai| AcAya zrIdatta-akalaMkadevane apane tattvArthavAtika ( 1-13-1 ) meM iti zabdakA artha zabdaprAdurbhAva karate hue 'zrIdattam iti, siddhasenamiti' udAharaNa diyA hai| jisase prakaTa hotA hai ki siddhasenase sambhavatayA pahale zrIdatta nAmake koI AcArya hue haiN| svAmI vidyAnandane apane tattvArthazlokavArtika (pR0
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________________ jaina nyAya 280 ) meM zrIdattako 63 vAdiyoMkA jetA batalAte hue unake jalpanirNaya nAmaka granthakA nirdeza kiyA hai "dviprakAraM jagau jalpaM tattvaprAtimagocaram / niSaSTe dinAM jetA zrIdatto jalpanirNaye // 48 // " akSapAda gautamake nyAyasUtrameM jina solaha padArthoke tattvajJAnase mokSa mAnA gayA hai unameM vAda, jalpa aura vitaNDA bhI haiM / vAdI aura prativAdIke madhya meM jo zAstrArtha hotA hai use vAda kahate haiM / jalpa aura vitaNDA bhI usIke prakAra hai, jo naiyAyikoMkI dRSTise kucha bhedako liye hue haiN| zrIdatta AcAryane unameM se jalpakA nirNaya karaneke lie jalpanirNaya nAmaka gantha racA thaa| zrIdatta bar3e prakANDa prativAdI the| unhoMne vAdameM tresaTha vAdiyoMko jItA thaa| ataH nizcaya hI vaha vAdazAstrake pUrNa paNDita the| aura vAdazAstrapara grantha-racanA karate hue unhoMne vAdameM upayogI hetu, hetvAbhAsa Adiko carcA na kI ho, aisA sambhava pratIta nahIM hotaa| kintu unakI vaha mahattvapUrNa racanA Aja anupalabdha hai isa lie usake sambandhameM kucha kahanA zakya nahIM hai| kintu AcArya vidyAnandake sammukha usakA grantha avazya vartamAna pratIta hotA hai| zrIdatta akalaMkadevase pahale hue haiM, yaha to tattvArthavAtikameM unake nAmollekhase spaSTa hI hai| siddhasenase pUrva unakA nAmollekha honese yaha bhI sambhava hai ki vaha siddhasenase pahale hae hoN| jo kucha ho kintu itanA nizcita pratIta hotA hai ki jainanyAyake nirmANameM unako bhI dena avazya rahI hai| svAmI pAtrakesarI-jinasenAcAryane (vikramako navamo zato) apane mahApurANake prArambhameM pAtrakesarI nAmake eka AcAryakA smaraNa kiyA hai / tathA zravaNabelagolAke candragiriparvatapara aMkita eka zilA lekhameM likhA hai "mahimA sa pAtrakesariguroH paraM bhavati yasya maktyAsIt / padmAvatI sahAyA trilakSaNakadarthanaM kartum // " / 1 apane mahApurANake prArambhameM AcArya jinasenake siddhasena aura samantabhadrake pazcAta zrIdattako namaskAra karate hue pravAdirUpI gauMkA bhedana karane meM siMhake tulya batalAyA hai| yathA-'zrIdattAya namastasmai tp:shriidiiptmuurtye| kaNThIravAyitaM yena pravAdIbhaprabhedane ||4||prthm prv| 2. bhaTTAkalaMkazrIpAlapAtrakesariNAM gunnaaH| viduSAM hRdayArUDhA hArAyante'tinirmalAH ||53||"-m0 pu0, pra0 parva / 3. jainazi0 saM0, bhAga 1, pR0 103 /
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________________ pRSThabhUmi 23 usa pAtrakesarI guruko utkRSTa mahimA hai, jisakI bhaktise padmAvatI devI trilakSaNa kadarthana karaneke lie sahAyaka huI thii| bauddha dArzanika hetukA lakSaNa trairUpya mAnate haiM / AcArya vasubandhune bhI rUpyakA nirdeza kiyA hai, kintu usakA vikAsa karanekA zreya diGnAgako hai| isIse vAcaspati mizrane use diGnAgakA siddhAnta kahA hai| bauddha dArzanikoMke isI rUpya yA trilakSaNakA kadarthana ( khaNDana ) karaneke lie pAtrakesarI svAmIne vilakSaNa kadarthana nAmake zAstrakI racanA kI thii| ataH pAtrakesarI diGa nAga ( IsAkI pAMcavIM zatAbdI ) ke pazcAta hone caahie| trilakSaNakA kadarthana karanevAlA unakA nimnalikhita zloka prasiddha hai "anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim / nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim // " ___ bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita ( vikramakI AThavIM zatAbdI ) ne apane tattva saMgrahameM anumAna parIkSA nAmaka prakaraNameM pAtrasvAmIke matakI AlocanA karate hue kucha kArikAe~ pUrvapakSa rUpase dI hai unameM ukta zloka bhI hai| usakI kramika saMkhyA 1369 hai| ukta zloka akalaMkadevake nyAyavinizcayake anumAna prastAva nAmaka dvitIya paricchedameM bhI AtA hai| nyAyavinizcayake TIkAkAra vAdirAjasUrine isa zlokakI utthAnikAmeM likhA hai___"tadevaM pakSadharmatvAdikamantareNApi anyathAnupapattibalena hetogarbhakatvaM tatra tatra sthAne pratipAdya""bhagavatsImandharasvAmitIrthakaradevasamavasaraNAd gaNadharadevaprasAdApAditaM devyA padmAvatyA yadAnIya pAtrakesarisvAmine samarpitamanyathAnupapattivArtikaM tadAha-" 'ukta prakArase pakSadharmatva Adike binA bhI anyathAnupapatti ke balase usa-usa sthAnameM hetuko gamaka batalAkara, bhagavAna sImandhara svAmIke samavasaraNase gaNadhara devake prasAdase prApta karake padmAvatIne jo vArtika pAtrakesarI svAmIko arpita kiyA thA use kahate haiN| akalaMkadevane apane siddhivinizcayake hetulakSaNasiddhi nAmaka chaThe prastAvake prathama padyake dvitIya caraNameM likhA hai-"prAyo nAlamalaM praboddhamalAlIDhaM padaM svAminaH / " isake 'amalAlIDhaM padaM svAminaH'kA vyAkhyAna karate hue TIkAkAra anantavIryane likhA hai "atrAha-amalAlIDham amalaiH gaNadharaprabhRtibhiH AloDham AsvAditam / "kasya tat ? ityatrAha-svAminaH pAtrakesariNa ityeke / kuta etat ? tena tadviSaya trilakSaNakadathanam uttarabhASyaM yataH kRtamiti cet ; nanvevaM
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________________ 24 jaina nyAya sImandharabhaTTArakasya azeSArthasAkSAtkAriNaH tIrthakarasya syAt tena hi prathama 'anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim / nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim' ityetat kRtam / kathamidamavagamyate cet ? pAtrakesariNA vilakSaNakadarthanaM kRtamiti kathamavagamyate iti samAnam / AcAryaprasiddhaH ityAdi samAnamumayatra / kathA ca mahatI suprasiddhA / " ( si0 vi0, pR0 371-372) / isa vyAkhyAse jJAta hotA hai ki 'pada' zabdase TIkAkArane anyathAnupapannatva Adi zlokako grahaNa kiyA hai aura usake vizeSaNa 'amalAlIDha' kA artha gaNadharoMke dvArA AsvAdita kiyA hai| tathA 'svAminaH' zabdake arthake sambandhameM uttarapratyuttara dete hue likhA hai-'svAmI zabdase koI-koI pAtrakesarIkA grahaNa karate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki pAtrakesarIne vilakSaNa kadarthana nAmaka uttarabhASyako racanA kI thI aura yaha hetulakSaNa usI granthakA hai| yadi aisA hai to isa hetu. lakSaNako sarvadarzI bhagavAn sImandhara svAmIkA mAnanA cAhie kyoMki pahale unhoMne hI 'anyathAnupapannatva' Adi vAkyakI racanA ko tho| yadi kahA jAye ki isake jAnane meM kyA sAdhana hai to pAtrakesarIne vilakSaNakadarthanakI racanA kI thI, isake jAnane meM kyA sAdhana hai ? yadi kahA jAye ki yaha bAta AcAryaparamparAse prasiddha hai to ukta zlokake sImandhara svAmIracita hone meM bhI prasiddhi hai hii| tathA isake sambandhameM kathA bhI suprasiddha hai / ""Adi / ___ ukta carcAse spaSTa hai ki pAtrakesarI svAmIne trilakSaNakadarthana nAmaka grantha racA thaa| aura vaha grantha anumAna pramANakI carcAse sambaddha thaa| aura bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSitake sAmane upasthita thA kyoMki unhoMne apane tattvasaMgrahake anumAna parIkSA nAmaka prakaraNa meM usase kArikAe~ uddhRta karake unakI AlocanA ko hai| akalaMkadeva bhI zAntarakSitake pUrvasamakAlIna the| ataH unhoMne bhI usa granthako avazya dekhA hogaa| yaha bAta siddhivinizcayake ukta zlokameM Agata 'amalAlIDhaM padaM svAminaH' se jJAta hotI hai / ataH nyAyazAstrake mukhya aMga hetu Adike lakSaNakA upapAdana Adi avazya hI pAtrasvAmIkI dena hai / zvetAmbaraparamparAke granthakAroMne bhI pAtrasvAmIke hI anyathAnupapannatvaM Adi zlokako grahaNa kiyA hai / nyAyAvatArake hetu lakSaNako kisIne bhI uddhRta nahIM kiyA / sanmatiTIkA tathA syAdvAdaratnAkara meM to use pAtrasvAmIke nAmase uddhRta kiyA hai| "anyathetyAdinA pAtrasvAminamAzaGkate-nAnyathAnupapannatva"" (sanmati TI0 pR0 560 ) / taduktaM pAtrasvAminA-anyathAnupapanatvaM / " (syA0 ratnA0, pR0 52.) / .
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________________ pRSThabhUmi mallavAdI aura sumati-zrI mala dIne siddhasenake grantha sanmati tarkapara TIkA likhI thI, aisA nirdeza AcArya haribhadra ne kiyA hai| zrI mallavAdIdvArA racita granthoMmeM se eka mAtra nayacakra grantha upalabdha hai| vaha bhI mUla rUpameM nahIM, kintu usapara siMhasUri gaNi racita ( vikramakI chaThI, sAtavIM zatAbdI) TIkA milatI hai| bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita ( vikramakI AThavIM zatI ) ne apane tattvasaMgrahake antargata syAdvAda parIkSA ( kArikA 1262 Adi) aura bahirarthaparIkSA (kArikA 1940 Adi ) meM sumati nAmaka digambarAcAryake matakI AlocanA kI hai| usI sumatine siddhasenake sanmati tarkapara vivRti likhI thI, aisA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai / yaha ullekha vAdirAjasUrike pArzvanAtha caritrake prArambhameM hai aura dhavaNabelagolakI malliSeNa prazastimeM. unheM sumati saptakakA racayitA kahA hai| sumatikA dUsarA nAma sanmati bhI thaa| inakI koI kRti upalabdha nahIM hai / jaina nyAyake vikAsameM ina donoM TIkAkAroMkA yoga avazya hI rahA hai, para kyA, kitanA rahA, yaha batalAnekA koI sAdhana nahIM hai| ____ isa prakAra AcArya kundakundake pazcAt AcArya sumati taka jainaparamparAmeM jo dArzanika tattvajJAnI hue unhoMne pramANakI rUparekhA Agamika zailIse nirdhArita karate hue anekAntavAda yA syAdvAda aura usake phalitArtha saptabhaMgIvAda aura nayavAdake sthApana aura vivecanakI ora hI mukhya rUpase dhyAna diyaa| aura isa taraha jainadarzanako anekAnta darzanake rUpameM pratiSThita kara diyaa| isakA mukhya zreya AcArya samantabhadrako hai, unhoMne ukta viSayoMke sambandhameM itanA vivecana kiyA ki usake pazcAt usameM koI ekadama nayI carcA praviSTa nahIM ho skii| nyAyAvatAra-jaisA jaina nyAyakI vyavasthAko darzAnevAlA eka-Adha grantha race jAnepara bhI isa yugameM jaina nyAyakI na to nyAyazAstrake rUpameM pUrI vyavasthA huI aura na usaviSayaka sAhityakA hI nirmANa huaa| yadyapi nyAya zAstrake eka-eka aMgase sambaddha jalpanirNaya aura vilakSaNaka darzana-jaise grantha race gaye aura unase jaina nyAyako pUrva bhUmikAkA nirmANa huA, kintu diGnAgake nyAya praveza aura pramANa samuccaya-jaise tathA dharmakItike nyAyabindu, pramANavArtika-jaise grantha nahIM race gaye aura na jaina nyAyako pUrI rUparekhA hI nirdhArita ho skii| 1. uktaM ca vAdimukhyena zrImallavAdinA sammatau-anekAntajayapatAkA pR0 47 / 2. 'namaH sanmataye tasmai bhavakUpanipAtinAm / sanmatirvivRtA yena sukhadhAmapravezinI // 3. 'sumatidevamamuM stutaM yena vaH sumatisaptakamAptatayA kRtam / parihRtApadatatsvapadAthinAM sumatikoTivivartibhavArtihRt // jai0zi0 saM0, bhAga 1, pR0 103 /
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________________ jaina nyAya bhaTTa akalaMka -- jaina nyAyako isa sthitimeM jainaparamparAmeM akalaMka jaise jaina nyAyake prasthApaka AcAryakA janma huaa| unhoMne socA ki jainaparamparAke sabhI tattvoM kA nirUpaNa tArkika zailIse saMskRta bhASA meM vaisA hI honA cAhie jaisA brAhmaNa aura bauddha paramparAmeM bahuta pahale ho cukA hai / isa vicArase prerita hokara unhoMne itara darzanoMkA vizeSatayA bauddha darzanakA adhyayana karanekA saMkalpa kiyA aura AjIvana brahmacarya kA vrata lekara vidyAdhyayana meM juTa gaye / vaha samaya bhAratIya darzanakA madhyAhna kAla thA / bauddha paramparAmeM diGnAgake pazcAt dharmakIrti jaise nakhara tArkikoMkI tUtI bolatI thI to brAhmaNaparamparA meM kumArila-jaise udbhaTa vidvAnoMke garjanakI pratidhvani manda nahIM huI thI / donoM hI mahAvidvAnoMne apanIapanI kRtiyoMmeM jainaparamparAke mantavyoM kI khillI ur3Ayo thI aura samantabhadra - jaise tArkikakA khaNDana kiyA thA / usa sabako par3hakara akalaMka devane nyAya pramANa-viSayaka aneka prakaraNa race jinameM diGnAga aura dharmakorti-jaise bauddhatArkikoMkI aura udyotakara, bhartRhari kumArila-jaise brAhmaNa tArkikoMkI uktiyoMkA nirasana karate hue jaina mantavyoMkI sthApanA tArkika zailIse kI hai| zrI paM0 'sukhalAlajI ke zabdoM meM 'akalaMkane nyAya pramANa zAstrakA jainaparamparAmeM jo prAthamika nirmANa kiyA, jo paribhASAe~, jo lakSaNa va parIkSaNa kiyA, jo pramANa, prameya AdikA vargIkaraNa kiyA aura parArthAnumAna tathA vAda, kathA Adi paramata prasiddha vastuoMke sambandha meM jo jaina praNAlI sthira kI, saMkSepameM abataka meM jaina paramparAmeM nahIM, para anya paramparAoM meM prasiddha aise tarka zAstra ke aneka padArthoMko jaina dRSTise jaina paramparA meM jo sAtmIbhAva kiyA tathA Agamasiddha apane mantavyoM ko jisa taraha dArzanikoM ke sAmane rakhane yogya banAyA, vaha saba choTe-choTe granthoMmeM vidyamAna unake asAdhAraNa vyaktitvakA tathA nyAya pramANa sthApanA yugakA dyotaka hai / ' 26 apane nyAyavinizcayake prArambhameM akalaMka devane likhA haibAlAnAM hitakAminAmatimahApApaiH puropArjitaiH mAhAtmyAttamasaH svayaM kalibalAt prAyo guNadveSibhiH / nyAyo'yaM malinIkRtaH kathamapi prakSAlya nenIyate samyagjJAnajalairvacobhiramalaM tatrAnukampAparaiH // kalyANake icchuka ajJa janoMke pUrvopArjita pApake udayase guNadveSI ekAnta'vAdiyoMne nyAyazAstrako malina kara diyA hai / karuNAbuddhise prerita hokara hama usa 1. darzana aura cintana, pR0 365 /
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________________ pRSThabhUmi malina kiye gaye nyAyako samyagjJAna-rUpI jalase kisI taraha prakSAlita karake nirmala karate haiN| akalaMka devake samayameM bhAratIya nyAyazAstra bahuta unnata ho cukA thaa| bauddha darzanake pitA diGnAgake pazcAt unake suyogya uttarAdhikArI dharmakItiko kotise anya dArzanikoMko kIrti dhUmila ho rahI thii| prakhyAta mImAMsaka kumArila bhaTane mImAMsA darzanake zAbarabhASyapara zlokavAtikakI racanA karake samantabhadrake dvArA kI gayI sarvajJa kI siddhiko Ar3e hAthoM liyA thaa| prakhyAta zAbdika bhartaharine vAkyapadIyakI racanA karake zabdAdvaitako pratiSThA bar3hAyI thI / nyAyadarzanake sUtroMpara udyotakArane nyAyavArtikako racanA karake nyAyadarzanakI garimAmeM cAra cAMda lagA diye the| zAstrAryoM ko dhUma thii| unameM yuktiyoMke sAtha chala, jAti aura nigrahasthAna-jaise zastroMkA bhI prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| unake saMcAlanameM nipuNa hue binA vijaya pAnA durlabha thaa| aisI sthitimeM akalaMka devako uttarAdhikArake rUpameM jo kucha sAmagrI prApta huI, vaha aparyApta thii| ataH nyAyake zodhana aura anyAyake 'parimArjanake lie anekAntavAda aura ahiMsAvAdakA avalambana lete hue sAtvika upAyoMko paripuSTa karanekI AvazyakatA thii| usIkI pUrti akalaMkadevane kii| nyAyazAstrakA dUsarA nAma pramANazAstra hai| ataH sabase prathama akalaMka devane jaina Agamika pramANapaddhatiko pracalita tArkika paddhatike anurUpa vyavasthita kiyA / jaina Agamika paddhatimeM pramANake do mUla bheda haiM--pratyakSa aura parokSa / indriya aura mana AdikI sahAyatAke binA jo jJAna AtmAse hotA hai, use pratyakSa kahate haiM, aura jo jJAna unakI sahAyatAse hotA hai use parokSa kahate haiM / pratyakSake tIna bheda haiM-avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala / inameM se prArambhake do jJAna mAtra rUpI padArthoM ko jAnate haiM, isalie unheM vikala pratyakSa kahate haiM / kintu kevalajJAna trikAla aura trilokavartI pratyeka dravya aura pratyeka paryAyako pratyakSa jAnatA hai, isalie use sakala pratyakSa kahate haiM / parokSake do bheda haiM-mati aura zruta / indriya aura manakI sahAyatAse honevAle prAthamika jJAnako matijJAna kahate haiM / matijJAnapUrvaka honevAle vizeSa jJAnako zrutajJAna kahate haiM / jainadharmameM pramANapaddhatiko yaha prAcIna paramparA hai| isameM matijJAnako smRti, saMjJA, cintA, abhinibodha bhI kahate the| anyadarzanoMmeM pratyakSa , anumAna, zAbda, upamAna aura arthApatti nAmake pramANa mAne jAte the| unameM parokSa nAmakA koI pramANa 1. 'saNNA sadI madI ciMtA cedi ||41||-sstt khaM0, pu0 13, pR0 244 / :
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________________ jaina nyAya nahIM thA tathA jainadarzanameM anumAna Adi nAma pracalita nahIM the| nyAyAvatArameM yadyapi pratyakSa aura parokSa pramANoMke sAtha anumAna aura zAbdapramANakA bhI lakSaNa kahA hai, kintu ve kisake bheda haiM, isa viSayameM kucha nahIM kahA gayA hai / dUsare, saba darzanoMmeM indriyajanya jJAnako pratyakSa kahA hai, jaba ki jainadharma use parokSa kahatA hai / ataH dArzanikoMke bIcameM pramANaviSayaka carcA chir3anepara jainoMkI vicitra sthitikA honA svAbhAvika thaa| akalaMka devane bar3o buddhimAnIse pramANaviSayaka saba gutthiyoMko sadAke lie isa khUbIse sulajhAyA ki usase prAcIna paramparAkA bhI ghAta nahIM huA aura dArzanika kSetrako saba kaThinAiyA~ bhI sulajha gyiiN| unhoMne tattvArtha sUtrake 'tatpramANe sUtrako Adarza mAnakara pramANake pratyakSa aura parokSa bheda to pUrvavat hI mAnya kiye; kintu pratyakSake vikalapratyakSa aura sakalapratyakSa bhedoMke sthAnameM sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa aura mukhya pratyakSa bheda kiye| tathA indriya aura manakI sahAyatAse honevAle matijJAnako sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa nAma dekara pratyakSake antargata sammilita kara diyaa| isa parivartanase prAcIna paramparAko bhI kSati nahIM pahu~cI aura vipakSiyoMko bhI kSoda-kSema karanekA sthAna nahIM rahA / kyoMki prAcIna paramparA indriya sApekSa jJAnako parokSa kahatI thI aura anya dArzanika use pratyakSa kahate the| kintu use sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa nAma de denese mUla Agamika dRSTikA bhI ghAta nahIM huA kyoMki sAMvyavahArikakA artha hotA hai-pAramArthika nahIM, arthAt vyAvahArika rUpase indriyajJAna pratyakSa hai, paramArthase to vaha parokSa hI hai / tathA vipakSI dArzanikoMko bhI usase santoSa ho gyaa| asantoSa thA usake parokSa nAmase, sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa nAma de denese vaha samApta ho gyaa| . parasApekSa jJAnako pratyakSakI paridhimeM sammilita kara lenepara pratyakSakI paribhASAmeM parivartana karanA Avazyaka ho gayA / ataH purAno Agamika paribhASAke sthAnameM saMkSipta aura spaSTa paribhASA nirdhArita ko gayo / spaSTa jJAnako pratyakSa kahate haiN| matiko sAMvyAvahArika pratyakSa mAna lenepara usake sahayogI smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodha jJAna bhI sAMvyavahArika pratyakSameM sammilita kara liye gye| kintu ina sahayogI jJAnoMmeM manakI pradhAnatA honeke kAraNa sAMvyavahArika pratyakSake 1. 'pratyakSaM vizadaM zAnaM mukhysNvyvhaartH| parokSaM zeSavijJAnaM pramANa iti __ saMgrahaH // 3 // ' -laghIyastraya | .
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________________ 29 pRSThabhUmi do bheda kiye gaye eka indriya pratyakSa aura dUsarA anindriya pratyakSa / indriya pratyakSameM matiko garbhita kiyA gayA aura anindriya pratyakSameM smRti Adiko / mati smRti Adi pramANoMko sAMvyavahArika pratApa batalAte hue akalaMkadevane likhA hai ki mati Adi tabhItaka sAMvyavahArika pratyA . unameM zabdayojanA nahIM kI jAtI / zabdayojanA sApekSa honepara ve parokSa ho kahe jAyeMge / aura usa avasthAmeM ve zrutapramANake bheda hoMge / isa mantavyase pramANoMkI dizAmeM eka nayA prakAza par3atA hai aura usake ujAle meM kaI rahasya spaSTa hote haiN| ataH unake spaSTIkaraNake lie aitihAsika paryavekSaNa karanA Avazyaka hai| ___gautamane apane nyAyasUtrameM anumAnake svArtha aura parArtha bheda kiye the; kintu nyAyavArtikakAra udyotakarase pahale naiyAyika kisI vyaktiko jJAna karAneke lie parArthAnumAnakI upayogitA nahIM mAnate the| bauddha dArzanika diGnAgane sarvaprathama donoM bhedoMkA ThIka-ThIka artha karake svArthAnumAna aura parArthAnumAnake madhyameM bhedakI rekhA khar3I kii| nyAyAvatArameM parArthAnumAnako sthAna to diyA gayA, kintu usake samanvayakA koI prayatna nahIM kiyA gayA / pUjyapAda devanandine isa ora dhyAna diyaa| unhoMne pramANake svArtha aura parArtha bheda karake zrutapramANako ubhayarUpa batalAyA / arthAt jJAnAtmaka zrutajJAnako svArtha aura vacanAtmaka zrutajJAnako parArtha kahA / kintu zeSa mati Adi jJAnoMko svArtha hI kahA / akalaMkadevane Agamika paramparA aura tArkika paddhatiko dRSTimeM rakhakara ukta samasyAko do prakArase sulajhAnekA prayatna kiyA / Agamika paramparA meM to unhoMne pUjyapAdakA hI anusaraNa kiyA aura zrutajJAnake akSarAtmaka aura anakSarAtmaka bheda karake svArthAnumAna vagairahakA antarbhAva anakSarAtmaka zrutajJAnameM aura parArthAnumAna vagairahakA antarbhAva akSarAtmaka zrutajJAnameM kiyaa| kintu tArkika kSetra meM unheM apane dRSTikoNameM parivartana karanA par3A, kyoMki usa kSetrameM zrutajJAnakA rUDha artha mAnya nahIM ho sakatA thA, aura isakA kAraNa yaha thA ki sAMkhya Adi darzanoMmeM zabda yA Agama pramANake nAmase eka svatantra pramANa mAnA gayA thA, jo kevala zabdajanya jJAnase hI sambaddha thaa| zrutapramANase bhI usIkA bodha hotA thA; kyoMki zruta zabdakA nyutpattisiddha artha 'sunA huA' hotA hai| ataH 1. 'tatra sAMvyavahArikamindriyAnindriyapratyakSam'-laghI0 vivRti kA0 4 / 2. 'anindriyapratyakSaM smRtisaMzAcintAbhinibodhAtmakam'-laghI0 vivRti, kA0 61 / 3. 'zrutaM punaH svArtha bhavati parArthaM ca, jJAnAtmaka svArtha vacanAtmakaM parArtham' srvaarthsiddhi-16| 4. tattvArtha vArtika 1 / 20 / 15 /
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________________ jaina nyAya 1 1 akalaMkadevate apane laghIyastrayameM zabdasaMsRSTa jJAnako zruta aura zabda asaMsRSTa jJAnako sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa nirdhArita kiyA / siddhivinizcaya tathA usakI svopajJa vivRti meM bhI yahI kathana hai / 3 akalaMkake pramukha TIkAkAra vidyAnandane smRti Adiko anindriya pratyakSa nahIM mAnA aura na zabdasaMsRSTa jJAnako zruta hI maanaa| unhoMne pramANaparIkSA nAmaka apane prakaraNa meM akalaMkadeva ke matAnusAra pratyakSa ke indriya pratyakSa, anindriya pratyakSa aura atIndriya pratyakSa bheda karake bhI avagrahAdi dhAraNaparyanta jJAnako eka deza spaSTa honeke kAraNa indriya pratyakSa aura anindriya pratyakSa mAnA hai; kintu smRti Adiko parokSa hI mAnA hai tathA tattvArtha zlokavArtika meM laghIyastraya ukta kathanako AlocanA karate hue kahA hai ki 'zabdasaMsRSTa jJAnako hI zruta kahate haiM' isa paribhASAke nirmANameM bhatRrtRharikA zabdAdvaitavAda nimitta hai / zabdAdvaitavAdI bhartRharike matAnusAra koI jJAna zabdasaMsargake vinA nahIM hotA / ataH usake matakA nirAkaraNa karaneke lie akalaMkadevane yaha upapAdana kiyA ki zabdasaMsargarahita jJAna mati hai aura zabdasaMsarga - sahita jJAna zruta hai / akalaMkadevake ukta dRSTikoNako spaSTa karaneke lie yahA~ yaha bhI spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka hai ki unhoMne pramANake svArtha aura parArtha bhedako mAnya karake bhI svatantra rUpa se anumAnake svArtha parArtha bheda nahIM batalAye kyoMki unake mata se kevala anumAna hI parArtha nahIM hai balki anya pramANa bhI zabdasaMsarga - sahita honepara parArtha hote haiM aura ve saba zruta kahe jAte haiM / zrurte parokSa hai / akalaMkadevane arthApatti, anumAna, upamAna Adi pramANoMkA antarbhAva zrutameM hI kiyA hai / apane pramANasaMgraha nAmaka prakaraNake prArambhameM akalaMkadevane pramANako carcAko prArambha karate hue likhA hai "pratyakSaM vizadaM jJAnaM tridhA zrutamaviplavam / parokSaM pratyabhijJAdi pramANe iti saMgrahaH // " 1. 'jJAnamAdyaM matiH saMjJA cintA cAbhinibodhanam / mAG nAmayojanAccheSaM zrutaM zabdAnuyojanAt // 10 // 2. ' smRtyA pratyabhijJAvatohaviSayAddhetorazabdAnumA kalpyA; zrabhinibodhakI zrutamataH syAt zabdasaMyojitam / / ' si0 vi0 TI0 pR0 120 / 3. 'atra pracakSate kecicchra taM zabdAnuyojanAt / tatpUrvaniyamAdyuktaM nAnyatheSTavirodhataH // 84 // Adi / pRSTha 236 // 4. zrutaM parokSaM atra arthAtyanumAnopamAnAdInyantarbhavanti / - laghIya0 svo0 vi0, 61 kA0 /
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________________ pRSThabhUmi .... isa kArikAkI vyAkhyA AcArya vidyAnandane apane tattvArtha zlokavArtika (pR0 182 ) meM dI hai| usase pramANakI Agamika paramparA aura tArkika paramparAkA samanvaya akalaMkadevane kitanI dakSatAse kiyA, yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| ataH usako nIce diyA jAtA hai. 'pratyakSaM vizadaM jJAnaM tridhA' aisA kathana karake akalaMkadevane mukhya atIndriyapUrNa kevalajJAna aura apUrNa avadhijJAna, manaHparyayajJAnakA grahaNa kiyA hai| kyoMki ye jJAna pratyakSa kI Agamika paribhASAke anusAra 'akSa' arthAt AtmAke Azrayase hote haiM, isalie pratyakSa haiM / vyAvahArika dRSTise ( pratyakSake tIna bhedoMmeM atIndriya pratyakSake sAtha ) indriya pratyakSa aura anindriya pratyakSakA grahaNa kiyA hai| kyoMki unameM bhI spaSTatAkA kucha aMza rahatA hai| ataH isase tattvArthasUtrake kathanameM koI vyAghAta nahIM AtA hai / zruta aura pratyabhijA Adi parokSa haiM, aisA kahanA bhI sUtraviruddha nahIM hai, kyoMki 'Adye parokSam' isa sUtra ke dvArA unheM parokSa kahA hai| zaMkA-tattvArthasUtrameM to avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA tathA smRtiko parokSa kahA hai ? . samAdhAna- 'pratyabhijJAdi' padake do samAsoMke dvArA sabakA grahaNa ho jAtA hai / 'pratyabhijJA kA Adi arthAt pUrvavartI' isa samAsArthake anusAra smRti paryanta jJAnoMkA saMgraha ho jAtA hai, kyoMki avagrahAdiko bhI pradhAnarUpase parokSa kahA hai / aura 'pratyabhijJA hai AdimeM jinake' aisA samAsa karanese anumAna paryanta pramANoMkA saMgraha ho jAtA hai / aura isa taraha koI bhI parokSa pramANa nahIM chUTa jAtA / ataH 'pratyabhijJAdi' pada yukta hai| isake dvArA vyAvahArika rUpase tathA mukhyarUpase iSTa parokSa pramANoMke samUhakA bodha hotA hai|' ... isakA Azaya yaha hai ki pratyakSakI Agamika paribhASAke anusAra to kevalajJAna aura avadhi manaHparyaya hI pratyakSa haiN| yadi yahI paribhASA banI rahatI to pratyakSake indriya pratyakSa aura anindriya pratyakSa bheda sambhava nahIM the| isalie pratyakSako Atmanimittaparaka paribhASAke sthAnameM spaSTaparaka paribhASA karake akalaMka devane loka-pracalita indriya pratyakSa aura anindriya pratyakSako bhI pratyakSakI sImAmeM gabhita kara liyA kyoMki unameM bhI aMzataH spaSTatA pAyI jAtI hai| zeSa smRti Adi to parokSa the hii| isa prakAra akalaMkadevane pratyakSa aura parokSa pramANoMkI jo vyavasthA ko use unake uttarakAlIna sabhI digambara aura zvetAmbara dArzanikoMne eka matase svIkAra kiyaa| unakI vyavasthA itanI suvyavasthita thI ki kisIko usameM parivartana karanekI AvazyakatA hI nahIM huI /
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________________ 32 jaina nyAya ___ akalaMka devane apane laghIyastrayameM batalAyA ki parokSapramANake smRti, pratya. bhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama ye pAMca bheda haiM / aura inake dvArA vyavahArameM koI visaMvAda nahIM hotA ataH ye pramANa haiN| ___ unhoMne unake prAmANyako sthApita karake unake lakSaNa bhI sunizcita kara diye / mImAMsaka aura naiyAyika Adi upamAnako svatantra pramANa mAnate haiN| parantu akalaMka devane pratyabhijJAnameM usakA antarbhAva dikhAte hue pratipakSiyoMke sAmane yaha Apatti upasthita kI ki yadi sAdRzyaviSayaka upamAnako pRthak pramANa mAnate ho to vaisAdRzya tathA anya ApekSika dharmoko viSaya karanevAle jor3a rUpa jJAnoMko bhI svatantra pramANa mAnanA hogA / ___ isI taraha vyAptigrAhI tarkako pramANa na mAnanevAle vAdiyoMko lakSya karake akalaMkane kahA ki yadi tarkako pramANa nahIM mAnate ho to usake dvArA gRhIta vyAptimeM kaise vizvAsa kiyA jA sakegA, kyoMki vyAptikA grahaNa na to pratyakSase sambhava hai aura na anumAnase / isa taraha akalaMka devane parokSa pramANake bhedoM tathA unake svarUpakI jo vyavasthA kI use hI unake uttarakAlIna digambara tathA zvetAmbara dArzanikoMne ekamatase mAnya kiyaa| pahale likhA hai ki bauddha hetukA lakSaNa trairUpya mAnate the, pAtrakesarI svAmIne anyathAnupapatti yA avinAbhAva niyamako hI hetukA lakSaNa mAnA aura use ho akalaMkadevane bhI mAnya kiyaa| akalaMkadevane hI pramANalakSaNasambandhI paramatoMkA nirasana sarvaprathama kiyA aura uttaravartI digambara zvetAmbara sabhI tAkikoMne unake mArgako apanAkara apane-apane pramANaviSayaka lakSaNa granthoM meM anya vAdiyoMke lakSaNoMkA vistArase khaNDana kiyA hai| pramANakA viSaya dravyaparyAyAtmaka vastu hai, isakA pratipAdana tathA samarthana bhI akalaMkadevane kiyaa| dArzanika kSetrameM pramANake sAtha usake phalakI carcA bhI apanA sthAna rakhatI hai| jaina paramparAmeM sabase prathama AcArya samanta bhadrane pramANake phalakA vicAra vyavasthita rItise spaSTa kiyaa| unake kathanAnusAra ( AptamI0 kA0 102) pramANakA sAkSAt phala ajJAna vinivRtti hai aura vyavahita phala hAna, upAdAna 1. akSadhIsmRtisaMjJAbhiH cintayAbhinibodhikaiH / __ vyavahArAvisavAdaH tadAbhAsastato'nyathA ||25||'-lghiiystry / 2. 'upamAnaM prasiddhArthasAdhAt sAdhyasAdhanam / __tadvaidhAt pramANaM kiM syAt saMjJi-pratipAdanam // 16 ||'-lghiiystry / 3. 'avikalpadhiyA liGga na kicit sampratIyate // 11 // nAnumAnAdasiddhatvAt pramANAntaramAjasam // ' -lghiiystry| .
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________________ pRSThabhUmi 33 aura upekSA hai / nyAyAvatArameM ( kA0 28 ) bhI aisA ho kathana hai| akalaMka devane isa kathanako apanAte hae pramANa aura phalake bhedAbhedaviSayaka mantavyako spaSTa kiyA tathA avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ina kramase honevAle cAra matijJAnoMmeM pUrva-pUrvako pramANa tathA uttara-uttara jJAnako phalarUpa maanaa| isa taraha akalaMkadevane pramANatattvake svarUpa, saMkhyA, viSaya aura phalake sambandha meM vividha vipratipattiyoMkA nirasana karake jaina pramANazAstrako suvyavasthita kiyA / ___ dArzanika kSetrameM vAda bhI carcAkA eka pramukha viSaya rahA hai| sabhIne vAdakA prayojana tattvajJAna kI prApti yA prApta tattvajJAnako rakSA mAnA hai| vAdake cAra aMga haiM--vAdI, prativAdI, sabhya aura sabhApati / isIse use caturaMgavAda kahate haiM / isameM bhI koI matabheda nahIM hai| kintu sAdhya aura sAdhana sAmagrImeM matabheda na hote hue bhI usakI sAdhana praNAlI meM matabheda hai| jaina paramparAke anusAra caturaMgavAdakA adhikArI vijigISu-jayakA icchuka vyakti hai| kintu nyAya paramparAke vijigISumeM aura jaina paramparAke vijigISumeM antara hai / pahaleke anusAra vijigISu vahI hai, jo nyAya yA anyAyase chala AdikA prayoga karake bhI prativAdIko parAsta karanA cAhatA hai| kintu akalaMkadeva usIko vijigISu mAnate haiM jo apane pakSako siddhi nyAyya rItise karanekA icchuka hai| unhoMne apane siddhivinizcayake vAdasiddhi nAmaka prakaraNameM likhA haisvapakSake sAdhanameM samartha vacanako caturaMgavAda yA jalpa kahate haiN| usakI avadhi pakSanirNaya paryanta hai aura phala mArgaprabhAvanA hai| nyAya paramparAmeM kathAke tIna bheda kiye hai--vAda, jalpa aura vitaNDA / jalpa-vitaNDA karanevAleko vijigISu mAnA hai aura tattvabubhutsu kathAko vAda / jalpa-vitaNDAmeM chala AdikA prayoga vidheya mAnA gayA hai| kintu jaina paramparAmeM chala AdikA prayoga mAnya nahIM hai| isIse jaina paramparAmeM jalpa yA vitaNDA vAdase bhinna nahIM hai| akalaMkadevane siddhivinizcayake vAda yA jallasiddhi nAmaka pAMcaveM prastAvameM tathA pramANasaMgrahake chaThe prastAvameM ukta viSayameM vistArase prakAza DAlA hai| nyAyavinizcaya tathA aSTazatImeM bhI prasaMga Aye haiN| vAdakA hI eka aMga nigrahasthAna hai / jaina-paramparAmeM nigrahasthAnakA sarvaprathama nirUpaNa karanevAle , jalpanirNaya nAmaka granthake racayitA AcArya zrodatta aura pAtrakesarI pratIta hote haiM / kintu unake grantha upalabdha nahIM haiM, ataeva upalabdha sAhityake AdhArase 1. 'pUrva-pUrva pramANatvaM phalaM syAduttarottaram' // 6 ||-lghiiystry| 2. 'samarthavacanaM jalpaM caturaGga vidubu dhAH / pakSanirNayaparyantaM phalaM mArgaprabhAvanA // 2 // --si0 vi0 pR0 311 /
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________________ jaina nyAya bhaTTAkalaMkako hI usakA prArambhaka mAnanA hogaa| pichale sabhI jaina tAkikoMne nigrahasthAna' nirUpaNameM bhaTTAkalaMkake hI vacanoMko uddhRta kiyA hai isase bhI ukta kathanakI puSTi hotI hai| vAdakA antima pariNAma jaya-parAjaya hotA hai| ata: jaya-parAjayakI vyavasthAmeM bhI akalaMkadevane nyAyya ahiMsaka dRSTikoNako mahattva diyA / unakA kahanA hai ki svapakSako siddhi hI jaya hai aura dUsare pakSakI asiddhi hI usakI parAjaya hai| jaba eka pakSakI siddhi hogI to sutarAM dUsare pakSakI asiddhi anivArya hai / ataH siddhi-asiddhike sAtha hI jaya-parAjaya vyavasthA pratibaddha hai / akalaMkake dvArA sthApita aise jaya-parAjaya vyavasthAko bhI sabhI digambara-zvetAmbara tAkikoMne svIkAra kiyA hai| isa prakAra akalaMkadevane nyAyake sabhI aMgoMko parimAjita karake jaina nyAyako suvyavasthita kara diyA / ataH akalaMkadeva jaina nyAyake pratiSThAtA mAne jAte haiN| antameM akalaMka devakRta racanAoMkI eka jhA~ko de denA ucita hogA / aka. laMka devakI chaha dArzanika kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM aura mudrita hokara prakAzita ho cukI haiM 1, tattvArthavAtika sabhASya-yaha tattvArthasUtra granthapara udyotakarake nyAyavArtikakI zailIpara likhA gayA vArtika grantha hai| vAtikoMke sAtha unakI vyAkhyA bhI hai| dArzanika dRSTise pahalA aura pAMcavAM adhyAya tathA caturtha adhyAyake antima sUtrakI vyAkhyA mahattvapUrNa hai| isa vyAkhyAmeM akalaMka devane anekAntako siddhi karate hue saptabhaMgIkA vizada vivecana kiyA hai / prathama adhyAyameM chaThe sUtra kI vyAkhyAmeM bhI saptabhaMgIkA vivecana hai, sAtha hI anekAntameM anekAntako ghaTita karate hue 'anekAntavAda na saMzayavAda hai aura na chalavAda hai' isakA sayuktika vivecana kiyA hai| isI prathama adhyAyake prathama sUtrakI vivecanAmeM sAMkhya, nyAya, vaizeSika tathA bauddhoMke mokSa kAraNoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai usameM bauddhoMkA pratItyasamutpAdavAda bhI hai| tathA bArahaveM sUtrakI vyAkhyA meM ukta dArzanikoMke pratyakSake lakSaNoMkI samIkSA kI hai, usameM diGnAgake pratyakSa lakSaNa kalpanApoDhakA khaNDana hai, dharmakItikRta abhrAnta padavAle pratyakSa lakSaNakA nhiiN| pratyeka carcA meM anekAnta dRSTikA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| mAno usIke vyavasthApanake lie grantharacanA kI gayI ho / isameM pAtaMjala mahAbhASya, vAkyapadIya, nyAyasUtra, vaizeSikasUtra, jaiminisUtra, 1. 'pAstAM tAvadalAbhAdirayameva hi nigrahaH / nyAyena vijigISUNAM svAbhiprAyanivartanam // ---nyAyavi0 2213 /
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________________ pRSThabhUmi yogasUtra, sAMkhyakArikA, abhidharmakoza, pramANasamuccaya, samAnAntarasiddhi Adi anya darzanoMke granthoMke uddharaNa pAye jAte haiN| jo akalaMka devake vistRta aura gahana adhyayanake sUcaka haiN| 2, aSTazatI- yaha samantabhadrakRta AptamImAMsAkI atyanta gUDha saMkSipta vRtti hai / ATha sau zlokapramANa parimANa honese aSTazatI nAma diyA gayA hai / isapara AcArya vidyAnandakI aSTasahasro TIkA hai| usIse isakA hArda spaSTa hotA hai| 3, laghIyastraya savivRti- yaha pramANapraveza, nayapraveza aura pravacanapraveza nAmaka tIna prakaraNoMkA saMgraharUpa hai / mUla kArikAoMpara svopajJa vivRti bhI hai| isameM pramANake bheda, unakA svarUpa, viSaya, phala AdikA tathA nayoMkA sundara vivecana hai| 4, nyAyavinizcaya- isapara vAdirAja sUrine vivaraNa grantha racA hai| isameM tIna prastAva haiM-pratyakSa, anumAna aura pravacana, tonoMmeM apane-apanese sambaddha vividha viSayoMkI vistRta carcA hai| akalaMkadevake pazcAt jo jainagrandhakAra hue unhoMne apanI nyAyaviSayaka racanAoMmeM akalaMkadevakA hI anusaraNa karate hae jainanyAya-viSayaka sAhityakI zrIvaddhi kI aura jo bAteM akalaMkadevane apane prakaraNoMmeM sUtrarUpameM kahI thIM, unakA upapAdana tathA vizleSaNa karate hue darzanAntaroMke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSAmeM bRhatkAya grantha race, jinase jainanyAya-rUpI vRkSa pallavita aura puSpita huaa| 4. akalaMkadevake uttarakAlIna jaina naiyAyika kumArasena aura kumAranandi AcArya vidyAnandane apano aSTasahasroko kumArasenakI uktiyoMse vardhamAna batalAyA hai tathA apanI pramANaparIkSAmeM "tathA cAbhyadhAyi kumAranandibhaTTArakaiH" likhakara eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai "anyathAnupapatyekalakSaNaM liMgyamaGga-yate / prayogaparipATI tu pratipAdyAnurodhataH // " (pramANaparIkSA pR0 72 ) tattvArthazlokavArtika ( pR0 280 ) meM unakA ullekha vAdanyAyameM vicakSaNa rUpase kiyA hai __"kumAranandinazcAhudinyAyavicakSaNAH / "
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________________ da jaina nyAya aura patraparIkSAmeM kumAranandi bhaTTArakake vAdanyAya nAmaka granthase tIna zloka uddhRta kiye haiM, jinameM se tIsarA zloka to vahIM hai jo Upara pramANaparIkSAse uddhRta kiyA hai / usase pahaleke do zloka isa prakAra haiM "pratipAdyAnurodhena prayogeSu punaryathA / pratijJA procyate tajjJaiH tathodAharaNAdikam / na cainaM sAdhanasyaikalakSaNatvaM virudhyate / hetulakSaNatApAyAdanyAMzasya tathoditam // " [patraparIkSA ] isa prakAra yaha sunizcita hai ki ye donoM AcArya vidyAnandase pahale hue haiM / inameM se kumArasenakI uktiyoMse to AcArya vidyAnandakI aSTasahasrI vardhamAna huI, jo akalaMkadevakI aSTazatIpara raco gayI hai / bahupta sambhavatayA kumAranandikA vAdanyAya nAmaka grantha vidyAnandake sammukha upasthita thaa| ye donoM hI AcArya nyAyazAstrake diggaja vidvAn pratIta hote haiM parantu inakI koI bhI kRti Aja upalabdha nahIM hai / ataH yaha kahanA zakya nahIM hai ki jaina nyAyake kramika vikAsameM inakA yogadAna kisa rUpameM thaa| phira bhI kumAranandike 'vAdanyAya' nAmaka granthake nAmase tathA usase uddhRta ukta zlokoMse yaha spaSTa hai ki vAdanyAyake vividha aMgoMke ve pAragAmI the aura unhoMne apanI kRtike dvArA akalaMkokta vAdanyAyako puSpita aura phalita kiyA thaa| bauddhadArzanika dharmakItine eka vAdanyAya nAmaka grantha racA thaa| akalaMkadevane usake mantavyoMkA khaNDana kiyA hai| sambhavatayA usI vAdanyAyakI anukRtipara kumAranandine vAdanyAya racA hogaa| ataH kumAranandi dharmakIti ( 650 I0 ) ke pazcAt hue pratIta hote haiN| sambhava hai akalaMkake uttarakAlIna yA laghu samakAlIna hoN| AcArya vidyAnanda ___ akalaMkadevake pazcAt unake cAra pramukha TIkAkAra hue| unameM bhI pramukha the AcArya vidyAnanda / inhoMne akalaMkadevakI gUDhArtha aSTazatIko AtmasAt karate hA usakI vyAkhyAke rUpameM jo aSTasahasro racI, vaha bhAratIya darzana zAstrake mukuTamaNi granthoMmeM hai / usako pANDityapUrNa tAkika zailI, prameyabahulatA, aura prAMjala bhASA vidvanmanomugdhakArI hai / akalaMkadevakI gUDhArtha paMktiyoM ke abhiprAyako yathArtharUpase udghATita karane meM vidyAnandakI pratibhAkA camatkAra apUrva hai| vidyAnanda bhI akalaMkadevakI taraha SaDdarzanoMke paNDita the| kintu jaise akalaMkadeva dharmakItike kaThora Alocaka aura bauddhadarzana meM vicakSaNa the, vaise hI
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________________ pRSThabhUmi vidyAnanda mImAMsaka kumArilake mImAMsA zAstra ke marmajJa the / jaise akalaMkane udyotakarake nyAyavArtikase prerita hokara tattvArthasUtrapara tattvArthavArtikakI pANDityapUrNa racanA kI, vaise hI vidyAnandane kumArilake mImAMsAzlokavArtikase prerita hokara tattvArthasUtrapara tattvArthazlokavArtikakI racanA kI / unakI kRtiyoMne jaina nyAyake bhaNDArako samRddha kiyA aura unameM AlocanAke rUpameM vividha darzanoMke una mantavyoM kA samAveza huA, jinako carcA usase pUrva jaina darzana ke granthoM meM nahIM thI / udAharaNa ke lie aSTasahasrIke prArambha meM vedArthakA vicAra karate hue AcArya vidyAnandane bhAvanA, vidhi aura niyogako pUrvapakSa sthApanA ke sAtha jo pANDityapUrNa AlocanA kI hai, vaha jaina nyAyake pUrvakAlIna granthoM meM nahIM hai / isI meM niyogake jo gyAraha pakSa upasthita kiye haiM ve Ajake niyogavAdI granthoMmeM bhI nahIM milte| kumArilane jo manuSyakI sarvajJatAkA khaNDana kiyA thA, yadyapi akalaMkadevane sUtrarUpameM usakA nirAkaraNa apanI kRtiyoMmeM kara diyA thA, kintu vidyAnanda ne apane granthoMmeM vistArase kumArilakA khaNDana kiyA hai / isI taraha Izvarake sRSTikartRtva niSedhakA pratipAdana AptaparIkSA nAmaka prakaraNa meM kiyA hai / pahale zAstrArthoMmeM jo patra diye jAte the unameM kriyApada vagairaha gUr3ha rahate the jisakA Azaya samajhanA bahuta kaThina hotA hai / usIke vivecana ke lie vidyAnandane patraparIkSA nAmaka eka choTe-se prakaraNakI racanA kI thI / jaina - paramparAmeM isa viSayakI sambhavatayA yaha prathama aura antima svatantra racanA hai / yadyapi prabhAcandrane prameyakamalamArtaNDake antameM patravAkyako carcA kI hai, kintu vaha vidyAnandakI RNI ho sakatI hai| AcArya vidyAnandane apanI racanAoMke dvArA jahA~ jaina nyAyaviSayaka sAhitya meM navIna carcAoMkA samAveza kiyA vahIM pracalita mantavyoM meM kucha sudhAra bhI kiye| 37 vidyAnandake chaha grantha upalabdha haiM - tattvArthazlokavArtika, aSTasahasro, pramANaparIkSA, AptaparIkSA, satyazAsana-parIkSA aura patraparIkSA / vidyAnandamahodaya anupalabdha hai zeSa sabhI mudrita hokara prakAzita ho cuke haiN| inameM se pramANaparIkSA gadya meM likhita pramANa viSayaka prathama racanA hai jisameM pramANake svarUpa bheda, AdikA pratipAdana hai inake sivAya samantabhadrake yuktyanuzAsanapara TokA bhI racI hai / akalaMka jaina nyAyake prasthApaka the to vidyAnanda usake saMpoSaka aura saMvardhaka the / do anantavIrya akalaMkadeva ke siddhivinizcayake vyAkhyAkAra do anantavIrya hue / eka
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________________ 30 jaina nyAya ravibhadrapAdopajIvi aura dUsare unake hI dvArA ullikhita prAcIna vyAkhyAkAra / prAcIna anantavIryako siddhivinizcaya vyAkhyA upalabdha nahIM hai, kintu ravibhadrapAdopajIvi anantavIryako siddhivinizcayaTokAmeM usakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| upalabdha siddhivinizcayaTIkAke racayitA anantavIryakA samaya IsAko dazavIM zatI hai| inhoMne siddhivinizcayapara TIkA racakara usake mUla abhiprAyako spaSTa aura pallavita karane meM apanI bahumukhI pratibhAkA upayoga kiyaa| aura usase akalaMkake anya TIkAkAra prabhAcandra' aura vAdirojako apanI TIkAoMke likhane meM sAhAyya milA aura isa taraha jaina nyAyake vikAsameM unhoMne pUrA yogadAna kiyA / anantakIrti A0 anantakIti racita laghusarvajJasiddhi aura bRhatsarvajJasiddhi nAmake do prakaraNa laghIyastrayAdi saMgrahameM chape haiN| unake adhyayanase prakaTa hotA hai ki vaha eka prakhyAta dArzanika the| unhoMne ina prakaraNoMmeM vedoMke apauruSeyatvakA khaNDana karake AgamakI pramANatAmeM sarvajJa praNItatAko hI kAraNa siddha kiyA hai / inhoMne sarvajJatAke pUrvapakSameM jo zloka uddhRta kiye haiM unameM kucha momAMsAzlokavAtikake, kucha pramANavAtikake aura kucha tattvasaMgrahake haiM / prabhAcandrane nyAyakumudacandra aura prameyakamalamArtaNDake sarvajJasAdhaka prakaraNoMmeM anantakItiko bRhatsarvajJasiddhikA zabdaparaka anukaraNa kiyA hai| ataH jainanyAyake isa aMgakI pUrtimeM unakA yogadAna ullekhanIya hai| AcArya mANikyanandi ___AcArya mANikyanandi jainanyAyako sUtrarUpameM nibaddha karanevAle prathama sUtrakAra haiM / yaha IsAkI dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdIke vidvAn the| inakA parIkSAmukha nAmaka eka sUtragrantha prakAzita ho cukA hai| usake vRttikAra anantavIryane apanI vRttike prArambhameM sUtrakArako namaskAra karate hue likhA hai ki unhoMne akalaMkadevake vacana-samudrakA manthana karake nyAyavidyArUpI amRtakA uddhAra kiyA thaa| isa sUtra-granthameM chaha uddeza haiM - pramANa, pratyakSa, parokSa, viSaya, phala aura tdaabhaas| mANikyanandise pahale vidyAnandane pramANa kA lakSaNa 'svapara 1. "svabhyastazca vivecitazca satataM so'nntvoryoktitH|"-nyaa0 ku0 ca0, pR0605| 2. "vyaJjayatyalamanantavIryavAgdIpavatiranizaM pade pde|"-nyaayvi0 vi0, pra0 ___ bhA0, pR0 1 / 3. "akalaMkavacombhodherudadhe yena dhiimtaa| nyAyavidyAmRtaM tasmai namo maannikynndine|"
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________________ pRSThabhUmi 39 vyavasAyI jJAna' kiyA thaa| inhoMne usameM 'apUrva' padakI vaddhi karake svAparvArthavyavasAyI jJAnako pramANa maanaa| akalaMkadevane bho avisaMvAdI jJAnako pramANa mAnate hue use 'anadhigatArthagrAho' kahA thaa| mANikyanandine bhI usIko dhyAnameM rakhakara pramANake lakSaNameM 'apUrva' padakA samAveza kiyA jAna par3atA hai| mANikyanandine apane sUtra-granthako kevala nyAyazAstrakI daSTise saMkalita kiyA hai, ataH usameM jaina Agamika paramparAse sambandha rakhanevAle matijJAnake bhedoMkA samAveza nahIM kiyA aura Agamika zrRtapramANako Agama nAma dekara, jaisA akalaMkadevane apane nyAyavinizcayameM kiyA hai, parokSa pramANake bhedoMmeM sammilita kara diyaa| isake nirmAgameM mANikyanandine mukhyarUpase akalaMkadevakRta granthoMkA, unameM bhI savRtti laghIyastrayakA sahayoga to liyA hI hai sambhavatayA bauddhAcArya diGnAga aura dharmakItike sUtra-granthoMse bhI sahAyatA lI hai| parIkSAmukhake sUtroMkI tulanA diGnAgake nyAyapraveza aura dharmakItiko nyAyabinduke sAtha karanese yaha bAta spaSTa bhI ho jAtI hai ki isa prakArake nyAya-zAstraviSayaka sUtra granthakA nirmANa karanekI preraNA bhI unhIMse prApta huI hai| isa sUtragranthake nirmANase nyAyaviSayaka jo vividha mantavya akalaMka tathA vidyAnandake granthoMmeM itastataH vistRta the, una sabakA kramavAra eka saMkalana ho jAnese nyAyazAstra ke abhyAsiyoMke lie sugamatA ho gayI aura jaina nyAyake bhAvI lekhakoMke lie mArgadarzana bhI huA / parIkSAmukhake nirmANake pazcAt hI mANikyanandike ziSya tArkika prabhAcandrane usapara prameyakamalamArtaNDa nAmakA tarkapUrNa mahAn vyAkhyA grantha racA aura zvetAmbara paramparAke AcArya vAdideva sUrine pramANanayatattvAloka nAmaka sUtragrantha racA, tathA hemacandrane pramANamImAMsAke sUtroMkI racanA kii| isa taraha isa kRtise jainanyAyake vikAsameM bahuta sahAyatA milii| AcArya prabhAcandra AcArya prabhAcandra IsAkI dasavoM-gyArahavIM zatAbdoke vidvAn the| zravaNabelgolAke zilAlekha saMkhyA 40 ( 64 ) meM inheM prathita tarka granthakAra likhA hai / inhoMne parIkSAmukha sUtrapara prameyakamalamArtaNDa nAmaka tathA akalaMkadevake laghIyastrayapara nyAyakumudacandra nAmaka bRhatkAya TIkAgrantha race haiN| apane ina TokA-granthoMmeM prabhAcandrane mUla granthako vyAkhyAke sAtha mUlagranthase sambaddha viSayoM1. pramANamavisaMvAdijJAnam anadhigatArthAdhigamalakSaNatvAt / aSTaza0, aSTasahasrI, pR0 175 / 2. dekho nyAya kumudacandra ke pra0 bhAgakI prastAvanA pR0 80 /
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________________ jaina nyAya para vistRta nibandha bhI likhe haiM jo pUrvapakSa aura uttarapakSake rUpameM haiN| unameM vividha vikalpa-jAloMse parapakSakA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / jina parapakSoMkA khaNDana prabhAcandrane kiyA hai ve saMkSepameM ye haiM 1. sAMkhyayoga-indriyavRttivAda, acetana jJAnavAda, prakRtikartRtvavAda, 2. nyAya-vaizeSika-kArakasAkalyavAda, sannikarSavAda, jJAnAntaravedyajJAna vAda, IzvaravAda, pAJcarUpya hetuvAda, SaTapadArthavAda, SoDazapadArthavAda, 3. bauddha-nirvikalpapratyakSavAda, citrAdvaitavAda, zUnyavAda, sAkArajJAnavAda, trairUpyahetuvAda, apohavAda, kSaNabhaMgavAda, 4. vaiyAkaraNa-zabdAdvaitavAda, sphoTavAda, 5. cArvAka-bhUta caitanyavAda, pratyakSakapramANavAda, 6. momAMsaka--abhAvapramANavAda, parokSajJAnavAda, veda apauruSeyatvavAda, zabdanityatvavAda, 7. zvetAmbara--kevalikavalAhAravAda, strImuktivAda, 8. vedAntI--brahmavAda, akalaMka aura vidyAnandake samakAlameM aura pazcAt SaDdarzanoMmeM jo granthakAra hue prabhAcandra ne unakI kRtiyoMkA avagAhana karake apane granthoMmeM unhIMko zailImeM unake matoMkI sthApanApUrvaka nirAsa kiyaa| kaNAdasUtrapara AcArya prazastapAdakA prazastapAdabhASya hai| usapara AcArya vyomazivakI TokA vyomavatI hai| prabhAcandrane apane donoM TIkAgranthoMmeM vaizeSika matake pUrvapakSameM to vyomavatIko apanAyA hI hai, aneka matoMke khaNDanameM bhI usakA anusaraNa kiyA hai| isI taraha nyAyasUtrapara vAtsyAyanakA nyAyabhASya hai tathA udyotakarakA nyAyavArtika grantha hai| prabhAcandrane nyAyadarzanake sRSTikatatvavAda, SoDazapadArthavAda Adike pUrvapakSameM nyAyavArtikakA vizeSa upayoga kiyA hai / tathA jayantako nyAyamaMjarIkA bhI samucita upayoga kiyA hai / mImAMsakoMke zabdanityatvavAda aura vedApauruSeyatvavAda AdimeM zAvarabhASya tathA usapara nirmita kumArilake zlokavArtika aura prabhAkarako bRhatIkA vizeSa upayoga kiyA hai / tathA unhoMne zabdanityatvavAda Adi prakaraNoMmeM kumArila kI yuktiyoMkA sapramANa uttara diyA hai| bauddhAbhimata vAdoMke nirasana meM prajJAkaraguptake pramANavAtikAlaMkAra tathA zAntarakSitake tattvasaMgrahakA samucita upayoga kiyA gayA hai|
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________________ pRSThabhUmi isa prakAra prabhAcandrane apanI donoM mUrdhanya kRtiyoMke dvArA jainanyAyake vikAsa. meM gambhIra yogadAna dekara darzanAntaroMmeM upalabdha vyomavatI, nyAyamaMjarI, kandalIjaise vyAkhyA granthoMkI kamIko pUrA kiyA aura aneka dArzanika mantavyoMkI yuktipUrNa samIkSA karake jainanyAyako nayI zailI aura navInavastu bhI pradAna kii| AcArya vAdirAja ___AcArya vAdirAjakA mUla nAma jJAta nahIM hai / vAdirAja unakI upAdhi jJAta hotI hai| isI upAdhine unake yathArtha nAmakA sthAna le liyA thA, aisA jAna par3atA hai| malliSeNa prazastimaiM unheM mahAn vAdo, vijetA aura kavi kahA hai / unake dvArA racita ekIbhAva stotrake anta meM eka zloka pAyA jAtA hai, jisakA artha hai ki sAre vaiyAkaraNa, tAkika, kavi aura bhavyasahAya vAdirAjase pIche haiN| eka zilAlekhameM unheM sabhAmeM akalaMka, kIrtanameM dharmakIrti, vivAdameM bRhaspati aura nyAyavAdameM akSapAdake tulya kahA hai / yaha vikramakI bArahavIM zatIke uttarArddha meM vartamAna the, inakI nyAyaviSayaka do racanAeM upalabdha haiM-nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa aura pramANanirNaya / ___ nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa akalaMkadevake nyAyavinizcayako bRhatkAya TokA hai jo do bhAgoM meM bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzIse prathamabAra prakAzita huI hai| nyAyavinizcayameM tIna prastAva hai-pratyakSa, anumAna aura pravacana / isI kramase tIna pariccheda haiM / yadyapi TIkA gadyAtmaka hai, kintu madhyameM TIkAkArane svaracita zloka bhI diye haiM, jinakA parimANa lagabhaga do hajAra hai| isalie isa TIkAko gadyapadyAtmaka kahanA hI ucita hogaa| isameM bhI darzanAntaroMke vividha mantavyoMkI samIkSA kI gayI hai aura usameM pUrvapakSake rUpa meM tat-tat granthoMkA upayoga kiyA gayA hai / yathA-mImAMsAdarzanake mantavyoMko samIkSA karate hue kumArila, prabhAkara, maNDana Adike mantavyoMkI AlocanA kI gayI hai| nyAyavaizeSika matameM vyoma. ziva, bhAsarvajJa Adi granthakAroMke granthoMse uddharaNa dekara unakI AlocanA kI gayI hai| kintu sabase adhika samIkSA dharmakItike pramANavAtika aura usapara prajJAkara gupta-dvArA racita pramANavAtikAlaMkArakI hai| lagabhaga AdhA vAtikAlaMkAra isameM Alocita huA hai| yahI isa racanAkI apanI vizeSatA hai / ataH yaha 1. 'vAdirAjamanu zAbdikaloko vAdirAjamanu tAkiMkasiMhaH / vAdirAjamanu kAvyakRtaste vAdirAjamanu bhnyshaayH|' 2. 'sadasi yadakalaGkaH kIrtane dharmakItirvacasi surapurodhA nyaayvaade'ksspaadH| iti samayagurUNAmakataH saMgatAnAM pratinidhiriva devo rAjate vaadiraajH|'
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________________ 42 jaina nyAya vivaraNa jenanyAyake vikAsameM apanA mUrdhanya sthAna rakhatA hai| - pramANanirNaya eka choTA-sA prakaraNa hai jo saMskRta gadya meM racA gayA hai| isameM cAra pariccheda hai-pramANa lakSaNa nirNaya, pratyakSa nirNaya, parokSa pramANa nirNaya aura Agama nirNaya / pratyeka paricchedake antima zloka meM spaSTa kiyA hai ki 'deva' akalaMkake matakA saMkSipta digdarzana isameM karAyA gayA hai / isameM parokSake do bheda kiye haiM-eka anumAna aura dUsarA Agama / tathA anumAnake gauNa aura mukhya bheda karake smRti, pratyabhijJAna aura tarkako gauNa anumAna svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha bhedaparamparA nUtana pratIta hotI hai| anya kisI granthameM aisA nirdeza dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| kintu aisA lagatA hai ki isakA AdhAra akalaMkakA nyAyavinizcaya hI hai| kyoMki nyAyavinizcayameM tIna hI prastAva haiM / aura dUsare anumAna prastAva meM hI usake aMgarUpase smRti, pratyabhijJAna aura tarkakA kathana kiyA hai / isIse vAdirAjane bhI likhA hai ki uttarottara anumAnake nimitta honese ye tInoM anumAna kahe jAte haiN| abhayadeva . jaise prabhAcandrane akalaMka aura mANikya nandike granthoMpara bRhatkAya TIkA grantha racakara jaina nyAyaviSayaka sAhitya-bhaNDArako samRddha kiyA vaise hI abhayadeva sUrine ( vikramakI gyArahavIM zatI ) siddhasenake sanmati tarkapara bRhatkAya TIkA grantha likhakara jaina nyAyako pallavita aura puSpita kiyaa| abhayadeva sUri zvetAmbara paramparAke anuyAyI the; ataH unhoMne apanI TokAmeM strI-mukti aura kavalAhArakA bhI samarthana kiyA hai| anya pramANa-premayaviSayaka itara darzanoMkI jina mAnyatAoMkA khaNDana prabhAcandrane kiyA hai unakA khaNDana abhayadevane bhI kiyA hai / paM0 sukhalAlajI aura paM0 becaradAsajone sanmatitarka prathama bhAgakI gujarAtI prastAvanAmeM likhA hai ki isa TokAmeM saikar3oM dArzanika granthoMkA dohana kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnya rUpase kumArilakA mImAMsA zlokavArtika, zAntarakSita kRta tattva-saMgrahapara kamalazolakI paMjikA aura digambarAcArya prabhAcandrake prameyakamalamArtaNDa aura nyAyakumudacandrakA pratibimba mukhya rUpase isa TIkAmeM hai / vAdideva mUri vAdideva sUrine pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra nAmaka sUtra-grantha tathA usapara syAdvAdaratnAkara nAmaka vistRta vyAkhyA grantha racA thaa| inake sUtra-granyako mANikyanandikRta parIkSAmukha sUtrakA apane DhaMgase taiyAra kiyA gayA navIna saMskaraNa kahA jA sakatA hai| parIkSAmukhake chaha paricchedoMkA viSaya prAyaH usI
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________________ pRSThabhUmi kramase rakhate hue usake sUtroMmeM zAbdika parivartanapUrvaka chaha pariccheda taiyAra kiye gaye haiM; kintu usake sAthameM nayapariccheda aura vAdapariccheda naye jor3e gaye haiN| kyoMki parIkSAmukhameM naya aura bAdakI carcA nahIM AyI hai| sUtra-granthako syAdvAdaratnAkara nAmaka vyAkhyA bhI prabhAcandra ke prameyakamalamArtaNDa aura kumudacandrako hI anukRtipara racI gayI hai / syAdvAdaratnAkarako par3ha lemese prabhAcandrake donoM granthoMkA viSaya spaSTa rUpase jJAta ho jAtA hai| kavalAhArake prakaraNameM inhoMne prabhAcandra kI yuktiyoMkA nAmollekhapUrvaka pUrvapakSameM nirdeza karake unakA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai| unakI isa TIkAmeM kevala piSTapeSaNa hI nahIM hai, kintu prAsaMgika carcAoM meM kucha aise bhI navIna mantavya aura UhApoha Aye haiM jo apanI viziSTatA rakhate haiN| zAstrAntaroMke nAmollekhapUrvaka uddharaNa, isa granthakI apanI eka vizeSatA hai aura usapara-se bhAratIya darzanazAstrake vividha granyoM aura granthakAroMkI eka vistRta sUcI nirmita kI jA sakatI hai| AcArya hemacandra vikramakI 12vIM zatAbdIke AcArya hemacandrase jainasAhityameM hemayugakA Arambha mAnA jAtA hai| yaha mahArAja jayasiMha siddharAja tathA rAjaSi kumArapAlakI rAjasabhAoMke bahumAnya tathA bahuzruta vidvAn the| sabhI viSayoMpara inakI lekhanIkA camatkAra pAyA jAtA hai / inakI nyAyaviSayaka racanA pramANamImAMsAkA jainanyAyake granthoMmeM eka viziSTa sthAna hai| usake sUtra aura TokA yadyapi mANikyanandike parokSAmukhake sUtra tathA unapara anantavIrya-racita prameyaratnamAlA vRtti ke RNI hai tathApi sUtra aura TIkAmeM hemacandra kA vaiziSTaya pada-padapara lakSita hotA hai| mANikyanandine pramANake lakSaNameM jo apUrva padakA samAveza kiyA thA, hemacandra ne usako anAvazyaka siddha kiyA hai| hemacandra akalaMkase vizeSa prabhAvita haiN| unako pramANamImAMsAse jainanyAyako zrIvRddhi huI hai, isameM sandeha nhiiN| yazovijaya vikramako 18vIM zatAbdI meM hue AcArya yazovijaya nyAyazAstra ke antima prakANDa jaina vidvAna the| navyanyAyakA adhyayana karake navya paratise jaina padArthakA nirUpaNa karanevAle yaha eka mAtra jaina granthakAra the| inhoMne bahuta-se prakaraNoMkI racanA kI, vidyAnandakI aSTasahasrIpara navyanyAyakI zailImeM vivaraNa rcaa| jaina tarkabhASA racI jo jainanyAyake pravezecchukoMke lie bahuta upayogI hai| isameM akalaMkake anusAra pramANa, naya aura nikSepakI carcA hai /
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________________ jaina nyAya isa taraha prathama zatAbdI se lekara aThArahavIM zatAbdI taka jaina nyAya kramika rUsase vikAsa karate-karate AcArya akalaMka devake samaya se eka svatantra viSayake rUpameM vyavasthita huA / aura akalaMka devake uttarakAlIna granthakAroMne jinameM unake TIkAkAroMkA mukhya bhAga thA, use pallavita aura puSpita karake na kevala jainanyAyaviSayaka sAhitya bhaNDArako kintu bhAratIya darzanako bhI samRddha banAyA / 88
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________________ pramANa jaina sammata pramAraNa lakSaNa ___ jaina paramparAmeM sarva-prayama AcArya samantabhadrane 'sya-parAvabhAsI jJAnako pramANa' btlaayaa| nyAyAvatArake kartA siddhasenane isameM 'bAdhArahita' vizeSaNa lgaayaa| arthAt 'svaparAvabhAsI bAdhArahita jJAnako pramANa' btlaayaa| jaina nyAyake prasthApaka akalaMkadevane 'kahIM to 'svapairAvabhAsI vyavasAyAtmaka jJAnako pramANa' batalAyA aura kahIM 'anadhigatArthaka avisaMvAdi jJAnako pramANa' btlaayaa| AcArya vidyAnandane samyagjJAnako pramANa' batalAkara 'svArtha vyavasAyAtmaka jJAnako samyagjJAna' btlaayaa| isa taraha unhoMne 'anadhigata' padako chor3a diyaa| AcArya mANikyanandine 'sva aura aparva arthake vyavasAyAtmaka jJAnako pramANa' batalAkara AcArya samantabhadra ke dvArA sthApita tathA akalaMka devake dvArA vikasita pramANake lakSaNa kA saMgraha kara diyaa| uttarakAlIna granthakAroMne prAya: pramANake inhIM lakSaNoMko apanAyA hai| ___ AcArya samantabhadra maura siddhasenane svayaM apane lakSaNakA vizleSaNa yA samarthana nahIM kiyaa| nyAyAvatArameM pramANakA lakSaNa kahakara yaha AzaMkA avazya uThAyI gayI hai ki-pramANa to prasiddha hai aura usakA kArya bhI prasiddha hI hai-saba koI pramANa aura usake kAryako jAnate haiM / ataH pramANakA lakSaNa kahanekI kyoM AvazyakatA huI ? isa AzaMkAkA samAdhAna unhoMne isa rUpameM kiyA hai-'yadyapi pramANako saba jAnate haiM, phira bhI jinakA mana pramANake lakSaNake viSayameM mUr3ha banA huA hai arthAt jo pramANako svIkAra karate haiM, kintu usakI jinheM ThIka-ThIka pahacAna nahIM hai, una mUr3ha buddhiyoMkA vyAmoha dUra karaneke lie hI yahAM prasiddha 1. svaparAvabhAsakaM yathA pramANaM bhuvi buddhilakSaNam |-vR0 sva0 63 / 2. pramANaM svaparAbhAsijJAnaM bAdhavivarjitam |-nyaayaa01|| 3. vyavasAyAtmakaM zAnamAtmArthagrAhakaM matam |-lghii0 60 / 4. pramANamavisaMvAdijJAnamanadhigatArthalakSaNatvAt |-assttsh0 aSTasa0 pR0 174 / 5. svApUrvArdhanyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam |-prii0 1-1 / 6. samyagjJAnaM pramANam ,"svArthavyavasAyAtmakaM samyagjJAnam / pra0 50 53 / 7. nyAyA0, kA0 2 / 8. nyAyA0, kaa03|
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________________ jaina nyAya bhI pramANakA lakSaNa kahanekI AvazyakatA huii|' isa taraha nyAyAvatArameM pramANakA lakSaNa kahanekI AvazyakatA mAtra batalAyI hai| akalaMkadevane apane prakaraNoMko vivRtiyoMmeM pramANake lakSaNakA vizleSaNa aura samarthana karaneko paramparA pracalita kI, jise unake uttarAdhikArI AcAryoMne na kevala apanAyA pratyuta khUba pallavita aura puSpita kiyaa| pramANa-lakSaraNakA vivecana akalaMka devakA kahanA hai ki-'jaise ghaTa-paTa Adi padArtha ajJAnarUpa honese pramANa nahIM mAne jAte vaise hI ( naiyAyika Adike dvArA mAne gaye ) ajJAnarUpa sannikarSa Adi bhI pramANa nahIM ho skte| isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM ki jJAna mAtra pramANa hotA hai| yadi pratyeka jJAnako pramANa mAnA jAyegA to saMzayajJAna, viparItajJAna aura akiMcitkara jJAnako bhI, jo ki ThIka-ThIka vyavahAra karAnemeM upayogI nahIM haiM, pramANa mAnanA hogaa| bauddha bhI tattvakA nirNaya karAne meM sAdhakatama jJAnake hI prAmANyakA samarthana karate haiN| hAM, vastubalase Aye hae sannikarSa Adi bho paramparAse jJAna ke kAraNa ho sakate haiN| ata: ajJAnarUpa vastu pramANa nahIM ho sktii| use yadi pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai to kevala upacArase ho mAnA jA sakatA hai, mukhyatAse nhiiN|' isa taraha akalaMka devane sannikarSa Adi ajJAnoMkA aura saMzaya Adi mithyAjJAnoMkA nirAkaraNa karate hue jJAnake hI prAmANyakA samarthana kiyA hai| vaidika darzana jJAnako pramANa nahIM mAnate, kintu jina kAraNoMse jJAna paidA hotA hai una kAraNoMko pramANa mAnate haiM aura jJAnako pramANakA phala mAnate haiN| nyAyadarzanake bhASyakAra vAtsyAyanane 'upalabdhike sAdhanoMko pramANa' kahA hai| isako vyAkhyA karanevAloMmeM matabheda hai| nyAyavArtikakAra udyotakara padArthako upalabdhimeM sannikarSako sAdhakatama mAnakara use hI pramANa mAnate haiN| nyAyamaMjarIkAra jayanta kArakasAkalya ko pramANa mAnate haiN| sAMkhya indriyoMkI viSayAkAra pariNati rUpa vRttiko pramANa mAnatA hai| bhATTa-prabhAkara jJAtavyApArako pramANa mAnate haiN| bauddha yadyapi jJAnako pramANa mAnatA hai kintu nivikalpakajJAnako hI pramANa mAnatA hai| 1. laghI0 kA0 3, vivRti / 2. nyAya bhA0 pR0 18 / 3. sAMkhyakA0 28 / mAThara vR0 pR0 47 / yogada0 vyAsabhA0 pR0 27 / 4. nyAyamaM0 pR0 17 /
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________________ pramANa 17 isI taraha mImAMsaka' jJAnako parokSa mAnate haiN| unake matase jJAna arthako to jAnatA hai, kintu svayaMko nahIM jaantaa| naiyAyika jJAnako mImAMsakakI taraha parokSa to nahIM mAnatA, kintu jJAnAntarase vedya mAnatA hai| sAMkhyakI bhI yahI sthiti hai| usake matase jJAna acetana hai| ina saba virodhI matoMko dRSTimeM rakhakara akalaMkadevake uttarAdhikArI AcArya vidyAnandane (775-840 I0) apane pUrvAcAryoMke lakSaNako dRSTi meM rakhakara pramANakA lakSaNa yaha sthira kiyA - "svArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam / " ( ta0 zlokavA0, a0 1, sU0 10, kA0 77 ) apanA aura padArthakA nizcayAtmaka jJAna pramANa hai| bAdako jaina paramparAmeM pramANakA yahI lakSaNa mAnya rahA, kintu AcArya mANikyanandine (993-1053 I0) isa lakSaNameM artha ke sAtha 'apUrva' pada jor3akara isa prakAra kara diyA "svApUrvArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam // 1 // " [ parIkSAmukha ] isa padako vRddhipara hI prathama vicAra kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki jahA~ pramANake 'apUrva' padarahita lakSaNake sambandhameM saba jaina naiyAyika eka mata haiM vahAM 'apUrva padake sambandhameM matabheda hai / cUMki yaha 'apUrva' pada jaina paramparAke lie nayA thA, zAyada isIse mANi. kyanandine apane parokSAmukha nAmaka sUtra granthameM apUrvapadakA artha spaSTa karane ke lie eka sUtra diyA 'anizcito'pUrvArtha:'---jo artha anizcita hai, ajJAta hai vaha apUrva hai| isake pazcAt bhI AcAryane eka sUtra aura racA hai-'dRSTo'pi samAropAttAdRk // 1-5 // arthAt jo kevala ajJAta hai vahI 'apUrva' nahIM hai, kintu jo jJAta hai, usameM yadi saMzaya vagairaha utpanna ho jAye to vaha bhI apUrva hI hai| ina sUtroMkA vyAkhyAna karate hue AcArya prabhAcandane likhA hai ki dhArAvAhika jJAna pramANa nahIM hai, yaha batalAneke lie hI sUtrakArane pramANake lakSaNameM 'apUrva' pada diyA hai| isapara dhArAvAhika jJAnako pramANa mAnanevAle bhAtRpakSa kI orase yaha zaMkA kI gayI ki yadi apUrva arthakA grAhI jJAna hI pramANa hai to pramANasaMplavakA virodha hotA hai| eka hI arthameM aneka pramANoMkI pravRttiko pramANasaMplava kahate haiN| kintu apUrvArthagrAhI jJAnako hI pramANa mAnanese eka pramANase jAne hue arthako dUsare pramANase yadi jAnA jAyegA to vaha pramANa nahIM tthhregaa| jaise Agako 1. zAvara bhA0 111 / 5 / 2 praza0 vyoma0 pR0 526 / 3. prameyaka0 mA0 pR0 56 /
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________________ 4 jaina nyAya anumAnase jAnakara yadi pratyakSase jAneM to pratyakSa apramANa kahalAyegA kyoMki usane anumAnase jJAta agniko hI punaH jaanaa| isakA samAdhAna karate hue AcArya prabhAcandra ne kahA hai ki yadi jAne hue arthako puna: jAnanevAlA dUsarA pramANa pahalese kucha vizeSa jAnatA hai, to vaha pramANa hI hai; kyoMki vaha bhI apUrva arthako viSaya karatA hai / jaise anumAnase agnikA sAmAnya bodha hotA hai aura pratyakSase vizeSarUpase bodha hotA hai| akalaMkadevane bhI pramANako 'anadhigatArthagrAhI' likhA hai| apanI aSTazatImeM' unhoMne likhA hai ki avisaMvAdI jJAna pramANa hai, kyoMki pramANakA lakSaNa 'anadhigata arthakA adhigama' hai, arthAt ajJAta arthakA nizcaya karanevAlA jJAna ho pramANa hai / ataH yaha nizcita hai ki parIkSAmukhake kartA AcArya mANikyanandine akalaMkake isa lakSaNako dRSTimeM rakhakara hI apane pramANake lakSaNameM 'apUrva' padakA samAveza kiyA hai, kyoMki mANikyanandine apUrvako paribhASA 'anizcita' ko hai| aura 'anadhigata' tathA 'anizcita' samAnArthaka haiN| phira unhoMne saMzaya Adi honese jJAtako bhI 'apUrvArtha' hI batalAyA hai| udhara akalaMkadevane avisaMvAdI jJAnako pramANa mAnA hai / ata: jisameM visaMvAda hai-saMzaya Adi samAropa hai vaha apUrvArtha hI hai aura visaMvAdako jo dUra karatA hai, vaha pramANa hai| Age akalaMkadevane bauddhoMke prati savikalpaka jJAnako pramANa siddha karate hue likhA hai-yadi anadhigata arthakA grAhaka na honese Apa ( bauddha ) savi. kalpakako apramANa mAnate hoM, to anumAna bhI pramANa nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki vaha bhI anadhigata arthakA grAhI nahIM hai| yadi anadhigata svalakSaNa rUpa arthakA adhyavasAya karanese anumAnako viziSTa mAnate haiM to savikalpakake prAmANyakA bhI niSedha nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki vaha bhI nirvikalpaka pratyakSake dvArA anirNIta nIlAdikA nirNaya karatA hai| isapara bauddhane yaha AzaMkA kI ki isa prakArase to pUrva nizcita arthakI smRti bhI pramANa ho jaayegii| isapara akalaMkadevane do vikalpa uThAte hue likhA hai-'yadi vaha smRti pramiti-vizeSako utpanna nahIM karato, to jaise pratyakSa 1. pramANamavisaMvAdi-jJAnamanadhigatArthAdhigamalakSaNatvAt / aSTasa0 pR0 175 / 2. anadhigatArthAdhigamAbhAvAttadapramANatve laukikasyApi mA bhUta vizeSAbhAvAt / anadhigatatvasvalakSaNAdhyavasAyAdanumiteratizayakalpanAyAM prakRtasyApi na vai pramANatvaM pratiSedhyamanirNItanirNayAtmakatvAt kSaNabhaGgAnumAnavat / aSTaza0, aSTasa0 pU0 278 /
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________________ pramANa se nizcita agnike viSayameM honevAlI sAdhya aura sAdhanake sambandhako smRti pramANa nahIM hai, vaise hI pUrva nizcita artha mAtrakI smRti bhI jAne hue arthako hI jAnaneke kAraNa pramANa nahIM hai| kintu yadi vaha smRti pUrva nizcita artha mAtrakA smaraNa na karake usake viSayameM viziSTa jJAna utpanna karAtI hai to vaha pramANa hai ( kyoMki vaha dRSTa vastuke bhI anizcita aMzakA nizcaya karAtI hai|) isa taraha akalaMka devake abhiprAyake anusAra bhI jo jJAna anadhigata arthakA grAhI hai yA adhigata arthake bhI anadhigata aMzakA nirNaya karAtA hai, pramANa hai| yahI bAta parIkSAmukhamaiM mANikyanandine kahI hai| ataH 'apUrvArtha' vizeSaNa mANikyanandikA stropajJa nahIM hai, kintu yaha bhI akalaMkadevakI hI dena hai| itanA spaSTIkaraNa karaneke bAda hama punaH parIkSAmukhake vyAkhyAkAra prabhAcandrAcAryako ora Ate haiN| prabhAcanda 'dRSTo'pi samAropAttAhaka' isa sUtrako vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiN| 'anadhigata arthako jAnanA hI pramANakA lakSaNa nahIM hai, kyoMki vastu adhigata ho yA anadhigata ho, yadi vaha usako nirdoSarUpa se jAnatA hai to vaha doSI nahIM hai| zAyada koI pUche ki jAne hue arthameM jJAna kyA karatA hai jo use pramANa mAnA jAye ? isakA uttara hai ki viziSTa jJAnakA janaka honese use pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| jahA~ vaha viziSTa jAnakArI nahIM karAtA vahA~ vaha apramANa hai / yadi sarvathA anadhigata artha ke adhigantA (jJAtA) ko hI pramANa mAnA jAyegA to pramANake prAmANyakA nizcaya karanA bhI zakya na hogA; kyoMki jJAnane jisa rUpa arthako jAnA yadi usI rUpa artha hotA hai to vaha jJAna pramANa kahA jAtA hai| aura isakA nirNaya saMvAdajJAnase hotA hai| vaha saMvAdajJAna usa arthake jJAnake pazcAt hotA hai / aba yadi anadhigata artha ke adhigantAko hI pramANa mAnA jAtA to saMvAdajJAna pramANa nahIM rahA, kyoMki vaha to pUrvajJAnase gRhIta arthakA hI grahaNa karatA hai / aura jaba vaha svayaM apramANa ThaharatA hai to usase prathama jJAnakA prAmANya kaise sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai ? jaba sAmAnya aura vizeSakA tAdAtmya sambandha mAnA gayA hai to pramANa sarvathA anadhigata arthakA grAhI ho kaise sakatA hai, kyoMki vastumeM isa samaya jo astitva hai ( dravya dRSTise ) vaha pUrva astitvase abhinna hai aura pUrva astitvako pahale hI jAna liyA hai| hA~, yadi kathaMcit anadhigata arthake grAhI jJAnako pramANa mAnate haiM to koI Apatti khar3I nahIM hotii| 1. braikeTake antargata aSTa za0 ke vyAkhyAkAra vidyAnandike zabdoMkA bhAva hai| le| 2. 'tatra anadhigatArthAdhigantRtvameva pramANasya lakSaNam' / prameyaka0 pR0 56 / 7
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________________ 10 - jaina nyAya zaGkA-nizcita viSayakA nizcaya karanese kyA lAbha hai| yaha to nAsamajhI kI nizAnI hai ? uttara-yaha ThIka nahIM, bAra-bAra nizcaya karanese yaha jJAta hotA hai ki vastu sukha AdimeM kahAMtaka sahAyaka ho sakatI hai| prathama jJAnase to vastu mAtrakA nizcaya hotA hai| phira yaha 'sukhakI sAdhaka hai' aisA nizcaya hone para use grahaNa karate haiM yA 'duHkhako sAdhaka hai' aisA nizcaya honepara use chor3a dete haiM / yadi bAra-bAra nizcaya na kiyA jAye to tyAjya vastukA grahaNa aura grAhya vastukA tyAga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| hA~, kinhIM puruSoMko abhyAsa vaza vastuko eka bAra dekhane se hI isa bAta kA nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki yaha vastu grahaNa karane yogya hai yA chor3ane yogya hai / ata: eka hI vastuko viSaya karanevAle Agama pramANa, anumAna pramANa aura pratyakSa pramANakA prAmANya bhI samucita hI hai| kyoMki tInoM pramANoMke jAnane meM eka dUsare se vizeSatA rahatI hai| jaise, zabdake dvArA agnikA sAmAnya jJAna hotA hai| anumAnase kisI niyata dezavartI agnikA jJAna hotA hai / aura pratyakSase usakA rUpa raMga AkAra vagairaha jJAta ho jAtA hai / ataH bhATTane jo pramANakA lakSaNa kahA hai vaha ThIka nahIM hai / usane kahA hai___ "tatrApUrvArthavijJAnaM nizcitaM bAdhavarjitam / aduSTakAraNArabdhaM pramANaM lokasammatam // " -yadi apUrvArthakA jJAna pramANa hai to taimirika rogIko AkAzameM ekake do candramA dikhAI dete haiM jo kabhI kisIko dikhAI nahIM dete / ata: vaha bhI pramANa kahA jAyegA / ataH kathaMcit apUrvArthagrAhI jJAnako hI pramANa mAnanA caahie| ___ isa taraha AcArya prabhAcandrane akalaMkadevakI saraNikA hI anusaraNa karake kathaMcit apUrvArthagrAhI jJAnake prAmANyakA samarthana kiyA hai aura sarvathA apUrvArthagrAhitvakA khaNDana kiyA hai| yahA~ yaha batalA denA anucita na hogA ki 'anadhigata' aura 'apUrva' pada samAnArthaka haiM / aura bauddha tathA mImAMsakoMne anadhigatArthagrAhI yA apUrthigrAhI vijJAnako pramANa mAnA hai| kintu bauddha dhArAvAhI jJAnako pramANa nahIM mAnate, jaba ki momAMsakako prabhAkarIya aura kumArilIya donoM paramparAe~ dhArAvAhika jJAnako pramANa mAnatI haiM kintu donoM paramparAoMne usakA samarthana bhinna-bhinna prakArase kiyA hai| eka hI ghaTameM prathama jJAnase hI ghaTaviSayaka ajJAna dUra ho jAnepara phira 'yaha ghaTa hai, yaha ghaTa hai' isa prakAra lagAtAra utpanna honevAle uttara jJAnoMko dhArAvAhika jJAna kahate haiN| bhATTamatAnuyAyI 1. pramA0 mI0 kA bhASA TippaNa, pR0 12 / .
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________________ pramANa 51 janoMkA kahanA hai ki dhArAvAhika jJAnoMmeM bhI uttarottara jo kAlabheda hai vaha agRhIta hai, usakA grahaNa honese unakA prAmANya yukta hI hai| kintu prabhAkara matAnuyAyI kSaNabheda mAne binA hI unheM pramANa mAnate haiN| isa bhedakA kAraNa yaha hai ki bhATToMne pramANake lakSagameM 'apUrva' padako sthAna diyA hai, jaba ki prAbhAkara anubhUti mAtrako hI pramANa mAnate haiM / __ jaina dArzanikoMmeM bhI dhArAvAhika jJAnoMke prAmANya aura aprAmANyako lekara do vicAradhArAe~ pAyI jAtI haiM / eka vicAradhArAke anusAra cUMki anadhigata athavA apUrva arthakA grAhI jJAna pramANa hai, ataH dhArAvAhika jJAna pramANa nahIM hai, kintu anadhigata athavA apUrvase sarvathA anadhigata yA sarvathA apUrva nahIM lenA caahie| kintu kathaMcit lenA caahie| ata: prathama jJAnase jAne hue padArthameM pravRtta huA uttara jJAna yadi usase kucha vizeSa jAnatA hai to vaha pramANa ho hai| dUsarI vicAradhArAke anusAra 'svArtha vyavasAyAtmajJAna pramANa hai' itane lakSaNameM hI saba bAteM A jAtI haiM / ataH isameM 'apUrva' vizeSaNa lagAnA vyartha hai| dhArAvAhika jJAna gRhItagrAhI ho athavA agRhItagrAhI ho yadi vaha 'svArtha' kA nizcAyaka hai to pramANa hai / "yadi gRhItagrAhI hone se smRti pramANa nahIM hai to dhArAvAhika jJAna bhI pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| jaina darzana meM pahalI vicAradhArAke pravartaka bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ho pratIta hote haiM aura yaha vicAradhArA bauddha darzanase jaina darzana meM praviSTa huI jAna par3atI hai / akalaMkadevako yaha saraNi rahI hai ki unhoMne anya darzanoMke mantavyoMkI aikAntikatAko samIkSA karake aura usameM anekAntavAdakA puTa dekara unheM apane anukUla banAnekA prayatna bhI kiyA hai| unake tattvArthavArtikakA avalokana karanese pada-padapara ukta saraNike darzana hote haiN| ata: bauddha darzanake 'anadhigatArthAdhigama lakSaNa' se ekAntavAdako haTAkara usameM anekAntavAdako ghaTita kiyA hai| anyathA akalaMkadeva bho apUrvArthagrAhI jJAnako pramANa mAnane ke pakSapAtI nahIM haiM; kyoMki unhoMne tattvArthavAtikameM usakA khaNDana karate hue likhA hai-'pramANakA lakSaNa 'apUrvAdhigama' ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki jaise andhakArameM rakhe hue padArthoM1. tatsvArthavyavasAyAtmajJAnaM maanmitiiytaa| lakSaNena matArthatvAd vyarthamanyadvizeSaNam // 7 // gRhotamagRhItaM vA svArtha yadi vyavasyati / tanna loke na zAstreSu vijahAti pramANatAm // 78 // - tattvArthazlo0 1-10 / 2. apUrvAdhigamalakSaNAnupapattizca sarvasya jJAnasya pramANatvopapattaH // 12 // -tattvArtha0-1-12
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________________ 52 jaina nyAya ko dIpaka tatkAla hI prakAzita kara detA hai, phira bhI bAdako bhI vaha prakAzaka hI kahA jAtA hai| arthAt prakAzita padArthoM ko hI prakAzita karate rahanese dIpaka aprakAzaka nahIM kahA jAtA, kintu prakAzaka hI kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki usa dIpakase hI una padArthoM kI avasthitikA bodha hotA rahatA hai| isI taraha jJAna bhI utpanna hote hI ghaTAdi padArthoM kA avabhAsaka hokara pramANapaneko prApta karake bAdako bhI 'pramANa' isa nAmako chor3a nahIM detaa|"shaayd kahA jAye ki pratikSaNa dIpaka anya-anya hotA hai ata: vaha apUrva-apUrva arthakA hI prakAzaka hai, to jJAna bhI dIpakakI taraha pratikSaNa badalatA hai, ata: 'apUrvAdhigama lakSaNa' usameM bhI maujUda hai| ataH yaha kahanA khaNDita ho jAtA hai ki smRtikI taraha pahale jAne hue padArthako puna:-puna jAnanevAlA jJAna apramANa hai|' akalaMkake anugAmI vidyAnanda tathA mANikyanandike parIkSAmukha sUtragranthake TokAkAra AcArya prabhAcandrake TokAgranyoMke dekhanese bhI ukta natIjepara paha~canA par3atA hai| Upara jo dUsarI vicAradhArA dI gayI hai, vaha AcArya vidyAnandake tatvArthazlokavAtikase dI gayI hai| usameM unhoMne spaSTa rUpase 'aparva' padako nirarthaka batalAyA hai / tathA prabhAcandra ne parIkSAmukhake 'dRSTo'pi samAropAttAhaka' isa sUtrakA vyAkhyAna karate hue likhA hai ki-'anadhigata arthakA jAnanA hI pramANakA lakSaNa nahIM hai| yadi bhaTTa akalaMka anadhigata arthake jJAtA jJAnako hI pramANa mAnate hote to unake anuyAyo vidyAnanda tathA prabhAcandra isa tarahase unake viruddha na jAte / ve jAnate the ki anekAntavAdo akalaMka devakI dRSTi isa viSayameM bhI ekAntavAdI nahIM hai / ataH vidyAnandane apUrva padako vyartha batalAyA aura prabhAcandrane sarvathA anadhigata artha jAnanevAle jJAnako pramANa mAnanA asvIkRta kara diyaa| bauddha aura mImAMsaka smRtiko svatantra pramANa nahIM mAnate / ataH unake matameM to anadhigata aura apUrva padakA prayojana spaSTa hai| kintu jaina paramparAmeM to smRtiko svatantra pramANa mAnA gayA hai| ata: anadhigata yA apUrva padakA vaha prayojana jaina paramparAmeM nahIM hai| isIse mANikyanandike dvArA pramANake lakSaNameM jo 'aparva' pada praviSTa kiyA gayA, digambara paramparAmeM use samarthana prApta nahIM huaa| aura zvetAmbara' paramparAke to sabhI vidvAn eka matase dhArAvAhI jJAnako pramANa mAnaneke hI pakSa meM haiM / ataH kisIne bho pramANake lakSaNameM 'anadhigata' aura 1. pramANamImAMsAke bhASA TippaNa pR0 12-13 /
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________________ pramANa 'apUrva' jaise padako sthAna nahIM diyaa| itanA hI nahIM, balki unhoMne spaSTa rUpase yaha kaha diyA ki gRhItagrAhI jJAna bhI agRhItagrAhIke samAna hI pramANa hai| zvetAmbarAcArya hemacandra sUrine to apanI pramANamImAMsA eka sUtrake dvArA grahISyamANa grAhI kI taraha hI grahItagrAhIko bhI pramANa mAnA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki 'dravyakI apekSAse gRhItagrAhitvake prAmANyakA niSedha karate haiM athavA paryAyakI apekSAse ? paryAyakI apekSAse to dhArAvAhI jJAna bhI gRhItagrAhI nahIM hai, kyoMki paryAya kSaNika hotI hai / ataH usakA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie pramANake lakSaNameM 'aparva' pada denA vyartha hai| yadi dravyakI apekSA gRhItagrAhIko pramANa nahIM mAnate to yaha pakSa bhI yukta nahIM hai| dravya nitya hotA hai ataH grahISyamANa aura gRhIta avasthAoM meM dravyakI apekSA koI bheda nahIM ho sktaa| aisI sthitimeM grahISyamANa grAhIko pramANa mAnanA aura gRhItagrAhIko pramANa na mAnanA kaise saMgata hai ? tathA jainadarzana meM gRhotagrAhI honepara bhI avagraha, IhA Adiko pramANa mAnA gayA hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki unakA viSaya bhinna-bhinna hai, kintu aisA kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki aisA mAnanese avagrahase gRhIta padArthameM IhA jJAna nahIM hogA, aura IhAse gRhIta padArthakA avAyajJAna nahIM hogA / zAyada kahA jAye ki paryAyako apekSAse avagraha Adi jJAna anadhigatako hI jAnate haiM, ataH ve apUrvagrAhI hI haiM, kintu isa tarahase to koI bhI jJAna gRhItagrAhI nahIM hai, kyoMki paryAya to pratisamaya badalatI rahatI haiN|' isa taraha pramANake viSaya meM apUrva padako lekara jainadarzanameM thor3A-sA matabheda hai| kintu pramANa arthakA aura 'sva' kA nizcAyaka hotA hai isameM koI matabheda nahIM hai| darzanAntara sammata pramANa lakSaNa aura unakI samIkSA 1. sannikarSavAda pUrvapakSa-sannikarSavAdI naiyAyikoMkA kahanA hai ki arthakA jJAna karAnemeM sabase adhika sAdhaka sannikarSa hai| saba jAnate haiM ki cakSukA ghaTake sAtha saMyoga honepara hI ghaTakA jJAna hotA hai / jisa arthakA indriyake sAtha sannikarSa nahIM hotA, usakA jJAna bhI nahIM hotaa| yadi indriyoMse asannikRSTa arthakA bhI jJAna mAnA jAyegA to sabako saba padArthoM kA jJAna honA caahie| kintu dekhA jAtA 1.1-1-4 /
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________________ jaina nyAya 54 hai ki jo padArtha dRSTise ojhala hote haiM, unakA jJAna nahIM hotA / 2 dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki indriya kAraka hai, aura kAraka dUra rahakara apanA kAma nahIM kara sakatA / ataH hamArA kahanA hai ki indriya jisa padArtha se sambandha nahIM karatI use nahIM jAnatI, kyoMki vaha kAraka hai, jaise bar3haIkA basUlA lakar3I se dUra rahakara apanA kAma nahIM karatA / saba jAnate haiM ki sparzana indriya padArthako chUkara hI jAnatI hai, binA chue nahIM jAnatI / yahI bAta anya indriyoMke viSayameM bhI samajha lenI cAhie / vaha sannikarSa chaha prakAra kA hai - saMyoga, saMyuktasamavAya, saMyukta samaveta samavAya, samavAya, samaveta samavAya, aura vizeSaNavizeSyabhAva / cakSukA ghaTa Adi padArthoM ke sAtha saMyoga sannikarSa hai, ghaTa Adi meM samavAya sambandhase rahanevAle guNa, karma Adi padArthoM ke sAtha saMyukta samavAya sannikarSa hai; kyoMki cakSukA ghaTake sAtha saMyoga sambandha hai aura usa ghaTa meM samavAya sambandhase guNa karma Adi rahate haiM, tathA ghaTa meM samavAya sambandhase rahanevAle guNa karma AdimeM samavAya sambandhase rahanevAle guNatva, karmatva Adike sAtha saMyukta samaveta samavAya sannikarSa hai / isI taraha zrotrakA zabda ke sAtha samavAya sannikarSa hai; kyoMki kAnake chidra meM rahanevAle AkAzakA hI nAma zrotra hai aura AkAzakA guNa honese zabda vahA~ samavAya sambandhase rahatA hai / zabdatva ke sAtha samaveta samavAya sannikarSa hai / 'isa ghara meM ghaTakA abhAva hai' yahA~ ghaTAbhAva ke sAtha vizeSaNavizeSyabhAva sannikarSa hai; kyoMki cakSuse saMyukta gharakA vizeSaNa ghaTAbhAva hai / pratyakSa jJAna cAra, tIna athavA doke sannikarSase utpanna hotA hai / bAhya rUpa AdikA pratyakSa cArake sannikarSase hotA hai - AtmA manase sambandha karatA hai, mana indriyase aura indriya arthase / sukhAdikA pratyakSa tInake sannikarSase hotA hai; kyoMki usameM cakSu Adi indriyA~ kAma nahIM karatIM / yogiyoM ko jo AtmAkA pratyakSa hotA hai, vaha kevala AtmA aura manake sannikarSase hI hotA hai / ataH sannikarSa ko hI pramANa mAnanA cAhie / uttarapakSa--jainoM kA kahanA hai ki vastukA jJAna karAne meM sannikarSa sAdhakatama nahIM hai, isalie vaha pramANa bhI nahIM hai| jisake honepara jJAna ho aura nahIM honepara na ho, vaha usameM sAdhakatama mAnA jAtA hai; kintu sannikarSa meM yaha bAta nahIM hai; 1. nyAya bhA0, pR0 255 / 2. nyAyamaM0 pR0 73 tathA 476 / 3. nyAya vA0 pR0 31 / nyAyamaM0 pR0 72 / 4. nyAyamaM0, pR0 74 / 5. nyA0 ku0, pR0 25-32 / prameyaka0 mA0, pR0 14-18 /
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________________ pramANa 55 kahIM-kahIM sannikarSake honepara bhI jJAna nahIM hotaa| jaise, ghaTakI taraha AkAza Adike sAtha bhI cakSukA saMyoga rahatA hai, phira bhI AkAzakA jJAna nahIM hotaa| ataH jo jahA~ binA kisI vyavadhAnake kArya karatA hai, vahI vahA~ sAdhakatama hotA hai, jaise ghara meM rakhe hae padArthoM ko prakAzita karane meM dIpaka / eka jJAna hI aisA hai jo binA kisI vyavadhAnake apane viSayakA jJAna karAtA hai| ataH vahI pramitimeM sAdhakatama hai, aura isalie vahI pramANa hai, sannikarSa nhiiN| sannikarSavAdiyoMkI orase isakA yaha samAdhAna diyA jAtA hai ki cakSu sannikarSameM ghaTAdikA jJAna karAneko yogyatA hai, AkAza AdikA jJAna karAnekI yogyatA nahIM hai| isalie vaha AkAza AdikA jJAna nahIM karAtA / jaina kaheMgeto phira yogyatAko ho sAdhakatama maano| kintu yaha sannikarSakI yogyatA hai kyA vastu ? viziSTa zaktikA nAma ho yogyatA hai| to vaha sannikarSake sahakAriyoMkI nikaTatA kahalAyo, kyoMki udyotakarane 'sahakAriyoMkI nikaTatAko ho zakti batalAyA hai / aba prazna yaha hotA hai ki sannikarSake sahakArI kAraNa dravya haiM, guNa hai, ayavA karma hai ? Atma-dravya to sahakArI kAraNa ho nahIM sakatA; kyoMki AkAza aura cakSuke sannikarSake samaya AtmA maujUda rahatA hai phira bhI jJAna nahIM hotaa| isI taraha kAla, dizA Adi bhI sannikarSake sahakArI kAraNa nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki AkAza aura cakSuke sannikarSake samaya ve bhI maujUda rahate haiM, phira bhI AkAzakA jJAna nahIM hotaa| mana bhI sannikarSakA sahAyaka nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki cakSu aura AkAzake sannikarSake samaya puruSakA mana usa ora ho taba bhI AkAzakA jJAna nahIM hotaa| ataH yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai ki AtmA mana indriya aura artha ina cAroMkA sannikarSa arthakA jJAna karAne meM sAdhakatama hai; kyoMki yaha saba sAmagrI AkAzake sAtha sannikarSake samaya maujUda rahatI hai| yadi kahA jAye ki teja dravya prakAza sannikarSakA sahAyaka hai, kyoMki usake honepara hI AMkhoMse jJAna hotA hai to bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki gharako taraha AkAzake sAtha sannikarSake samaya prakAzake rahate hue bhI AkAzakA jJAna nahIM hotaa| yadi adRSTa guNako sahAyaka mAnA jAyegA to bhI kabhI-na-kabhI AkAzakA cakSuse jJAna honekA prasaMga upasthita hogA, kyoMki sahakArI adRSTa AkAza aura cakSu sannikarSake samaya bhI vartamAna rahatA hai| isI taraha karmako sannikarSakA sahakArI mAnanese bhI vahI doSa AtA hai; kyoMki AkAza aura indriyake sannikarSake samaya bhI cakSukA unmIlana-nimIlana karma jArI rahatA hai| ataH sahakArI kAraNoMkI sahAyatA rUpa zakti arthakA jJAna karAne meM sAdhaka nahIM hai, kintu jJAtAkI arthako grahaNa kara sakanekI zakti yA yogyatA hI vastukA jJAna
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________________ jaina nyAya karAnemeM sAdhakatama hai| sannikarSavAdIkA tarka ho sakatA hai ki yadi arthakA jJAna karAnemeM sAdhakatama honese yogyatAko hI jaina pramANa mAnate haiM to jJAnake pramANa honekI bAta to chuTa ho jAtI hai| jaina kaheMge-sva aura arthako grahaNa karaneko zaktikA nAma yogyatA hai| vaha yogyatA sva aura arthako jAnanevAle jJAnarUpa pramANakI sAmagrI honese pramANakI utpattimeM hI sAdhakatama hai| arthAt ukta yogyatA svayaM pramANa nahIM hai, kintu pramANako utpanna karatI hai, pramANa to jJAna hI hai, kintu jJAnakI utpatti tabhI hotI hai jaba jJAtAmeM usa arthako grahaNa karaneko zakti hotI hai| ata: zaktirUpa yogyatA jJAnotpattimeM sAdhakatama hai aura jJAna stra aura arthako paricchitti karAne meM sAdhakatara hai / ataH jJAna hI pramANa hai / cakSukA aprApyakAritva cakSu apane viSayako chUkara nahIM jaantii| yadi chUkara jAnatI hotI to A~kha meM lage aMjanako bhI jAna letii| kintu darpaNameM dekhe binA aMjanakA jJAna nahIM hotA ataH vaha aprApyakArI hai| cakSuko prApyakArI siddha karane ke lie kahA jAtA hai ki cakSu DhakI huI vastuko nahIM dekha sakatI; isalie prApyakArI hai / vastuta: yaha kathana ucita nahIM hai| kA~ca, abhraka aura sphaTikase Dhake hae padArthoM ko bhI cakSu dekha letI hai / cumbaka dUrase ho loheko khIMca letA hai| phira bhI vaha kisI cIz2a se Dhake hue loheko nahIM khiiNctaa| isalie jo DhakI huI vastuko grahaNa na kara sake vaha prApyakArI hotA hai, aisA niyama banAnA ThIka nahIM hai| zaMkA-yadi cakSa aprApyakArI hai to use atidUravartI aura oTameM rakhI huI vastuko bhI jAna lenA caahie| uttara-yaha Apatti to cumbaka pattharake dRSTAntase hI khaNDita ho jAtI hai| cumbaka lohese dUra rahakara hI loheko apanI ora khIMcatA hai, phira bhI na vaha atidUravartI loheko khIMcatA hai aura na kisI vastuke bIca meM A jAnepara hI loheko khIMcatA hai| zaMkA-yadi cakSu dUrase hI vastuko grahaNa kara letI hai to phira kisI vastu meM saMzaya yA viparIta grahaNa kyoM hotA hai ? uttara-yaha Apatti to cakSako prApyakArI mAnane meM ho vizeSa rUpase AtI hai| kyoMki jaba cakSu padArthake pAsa jAkara use jAnatI hai taba to saMzayako yA viparIta grahaNako koI sthAna hI nahIM rhtaa| 1.ta0rA0vA0 pR0 48 / nyA0ku0ca0, pR0 75-82 / prameyaka0 mA0, pR0 220-226 / .
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________________ pramANa zaMkA-cakSuse kiraNe nikalatI haiM aura ve padArthake pAsa jAtI haiM, isalie cakSu prApyakArI hai| uttara-yadi hamArI AMkhase kiraNe nikalatI hoto to kamase kama rAtrike andhakArameM to ve avazya dikhAI detI / zaMkA-billokI A~khase kiraNeM nikalatI huI dikhAI detI haiM ? uttara-villIko A~khameM kiraNeM honese hamArI A~kha meM kiraNoMkA honA to siddha nahIM ho sktaa| suvarNako pIlA dekhakara yaha niyama nahIM banAyA jA sakatA ki jo jo pIlA hotA hai vaha saba suvarNa hotA hai| isI taraha billIko A~khameM kiraNeM dekhakara yaha niyama nahIM banAyA jA sakatA ki saba A~khoMse kiraNe nikalatI haiN| zaMkA-cakSu taijasa hai aura taijasa honese usameM kiraNoMkA honA siddha ho hai| uttara-yadi cakSu taijasa hai to use garama honA cAhie; kyoMki tejakA lakSaNa uSNatA hai / tathA camakIlI bhI honA caahie| zaMkA-yadyapi cakSu taijasa hai phira bhI usameM uSNa sparza aura camakIlA rUpa prakaTa nahIM hai| uttara-aisA taijasa dravya dekhA jAtA hai jisameM uSNa sparza prakaTa nahIM rahatA kintu camakIlA rUpa rahatA hai; jaise dIpakako prabhAmeM / aura aisA bhI taijasa dravya dekhA jAtA hai jisameM uSNa sparza rahatA hai, kintu camaka nahIM rahatI jaise garama pAnI / kintu aisA taijasa dravya nahIM dekhA gayA jisameM rUpa aura sparza donoM ho prakaTa na hoN| zaMkA-aisA suvarNa hai| uttara-suvarNa taijasa nahIM hai / ataH taijasa honese cakSumeM kiraNoMkA honA siddha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| zaMkA-cakSu taijasa hai; kyoMki vaha rUpakA hI prakAzana karatI hai / uttara-Apake isa hetumeM candramAke udyotase vyabhicAra AtA hai| candramAkA prakAza bhI kevala rUpakA hI prakAzana karatA hai kintu vaha taijasa nahIM mAnA jAtA, pArthiva mAnA jAtA hai / zaMkA-candramAkA prakAza bho taijasa hai| 1. nyAyavA0 pR0 381 /
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________________ jaina nyAya ___ uttara-jisakA mUla bhI uSNa hotA hai aura prabhA bhI uSNa hotI hai, use AgamameM taijasa kahA hai / candramAke prakAzameM ye donoM bAteM nahIM haiM / ataH candramAkA prakAza taijasa nahIM hai / cakSuko taijasa na mAnanemeM eka aura kAraNa hai jo taijasa hotA hai, vaha andhakArako nahIM prakaTa krtaa| jaise sUryakA prakAza / cakSu andhakArako bhI batalAtI hai; ataH vaha taijasa nahIM hai| aura taijasa na hone se usameM kiraNoMkA honA bhI siddha nahIM hai| jo-jo kiraNoMvAlI vastueM haiM ve apanese sambaddha padArthakA prakAza avazya karatI haiM, jaise dIpaka / yadi cakSu bhI razmivAlI hotI to AMkhameM lage aMjanako aura kAca-kAmala Adi rogoMko avazya dekha letI kyoMki unakA cakSuke sAtha sambandha hai hI; kintu nahIM dekhatI, isase siddha hai ki cakSumeM razmiyA~ nahIM haiN| thor3I derake lie yadi cakSumeM razmiyA~ mAna bhI lI jAyeM to unase bar3e parvata vagairahakA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki manase adhiSThita hokara hI cakSurazmi padArthakA prakAzana kara sakatI hai| sannikarSavAdI naiyAyika manako aNu rUpa mAnatA hai, aNurUpa mana cakSuse bAhara phailI huI razmiyoMkA adhiSThAtRtva kaise kara sakatA hai ? . tathA yadi cakSa prApyakArI hai to aMdherI rAtameM dUrapara agni jalatI ho to usake pAsake padArtha to dikhAI dete haiM kintu cakSu aura Agake antarAlameM jo padArtha hote haiM ve dikhAI kyoM nahIM dete ? zaMkA-bIcameM prakAza nahIM hai / - uttara-jaba cakSu agnikI taraha taijasa hai to use kisI prakAzakI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai ? tathA yadi cakSu prApyakArI hai to kyA padArtha cakSake pAsa AtA hai yA cakSu padArtha ke pAsa jAtI hai ? donoM bAteM pratyakSaviruddha hai; kyoMki na to padArtha cakSuke pAsa jAtA dekhA jAtA hai aura na cakSu padArthake pAsa jAtI dekhI jAtI hai| yadi cakSu padArthake pAsa jAkara use jAnatI to amuka padArtha dUra hai aura amuka padArtha samIpa hai, yaha vyavahAra hI na hotA / ataH cakSu prApyakArI nahIM hai / isIlie padArthake sAtha usakA sannikarSa bhI nahIM hotaa| sannikarSa'ko pramANa mAnane meM eka Apatti aura bhI hai-sarvajJakA abhAva / yadi sarvajJa sannikarSake dvArA hI padArthoM ko jAnatA hai to usakA jJAna yA to mAnasika hogA yA indriyajanya hogaa| mana aura indriyoMkI pravRtti apane viSayameM kramazaH hotI hai tathA inakA viSaya bhI niyata hai, jaba ki trikAlavI jJeya padArthoM kA anta 1. sa0 si0 pR0 57; ta0 rA0 vA0 pR0 36; nyA0 ku0 ca0 pR0 32; .
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________________ pramANa nahIM hai aura unameM bhI kucha padArtha sUkSma haiM, jaise paramANu / kucha padArtha atIta ho cuke haiM, jaise rAma rAvaNa / kucha padArtha sudUravartI haiM, jaise sumeru / ina sabake sAtha mana aura indriyoMkA sannikarSa nahIM hotA aura binA sannikarSake hue jJAna nahIM hotaa| zaMkA-AtmA vyApaka hai ataH samasta padArthoM ke sAtha usakA sannikarSa honese vaha sabako jAnatA hai| samAdhAna-AtmAko vyApaka mAnane meM bhI aneka ApattiyAM AtI haiM jinapara yathAvasara prakAza DAlA jaayegaa| ataH sannikarSako pramANa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| 2. kAraka sAkalyavAda pUrvapakSa--jo sAdhakatama hotA hai use karaNa kahate haiM / aura arthakA vyabhicArarahita jJAna karAne meM jo karaNa hai, use pramANa kahate haiN| arthakA nirdoSa jJAna kisI eka kArakase nahIM hotA, kintu kArakoMke samUhase hotA hai / dekhA jAtA hai ki eka-do kArakoMke honepara bhI jJAna utpanna nahIM hotA, aura samagra kArakoMke honepara niyamase utpanna hotA hai / isalie kArakasAkalya hI jJAnakI utpattimeM karaNa hai / ataH vahI pramANa hai, jJAna pramANa nahIM hai, kyoMki jJAna to phala hai aura phalako pramANa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki pramANa aura phala bhinna hote haiN| yadi jJAnako hI pramANa mAnA jAyegA to logoMne jo ajJAna svarUpa zabda-liMga Adiko pramANa mAnA hai, ve apramANa tthhreNge| jJAna bhI padArthakA jJAna karAne meM kAraNa hai| jaise vizeSyake pratyakSameM vizeSaNa jJAna, agnike jAnane meM dhUmakA jJAna, arthake jAnane meM zabda-jJAna, ataH sakala kArakoMmeM jJAna bhI liyA gayA hai| isalie vaha bhI pramANa hai| isa prakAra jJAna aura ajJAna svarUpa kArakoMkA sAkalya hI pramANa hai| uttara-pakSa-kArakasAkalya mukhya rUpase pramANa hai yA upacArase / mukhya rUpase to vaha pramANa ho nahIM sakatA kyoMki kArakasAkalya ajJAnarUpa hai| jo ajJAnarUpa hotA hai vaha sva aura parakI pramitimeM mukhyarUpase sAdhakatama nahIM ho sktaa| unako pramitimeM mukhyarUpase sAdhakatama to ajJAnakA virodhI jJAna hI ho sakatA 1. nyAyamaM0, pR0 12 Adi / 2. kArakasAkalyako vistRta samIkSAke lie dekho-nyA0 ku0 ca0 pR0 35-36 tathA pra0ka0 mA0 pR0 7-13 / .
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________________ jaina nyAya hai; kyoMki jJAna aura pramitike bIcameM kisI dUsarekA vyavadhAna nahIM hai / jJAnake hote hI padArthakI pramiti ( jAnakArI ) ho jAtI hai| kintu kArakasAkalyameM yaha bAta nahIM hai| kArakasAkalya jJAnako utpanna karatA hai, taba padArthako jAnakArI hotI hai / ataH kArakasAkalya aura pramitike bIcameM jJAnakA vyavadhAna hai| ataH kAraka sAkalya mukhyarUpase pramANa nahIM hai| kyoMki aisA niyama hai ki jisa kArya meM jo-jo dUsarese vyavahita hotA hai, vaha usa kAryameM mukhyarUpase sAdhakatama nahIM kahA jAtA; jaise lakar3Iko yadyapi bar3haI kATatA hai, kintu binA kulhAr3oke bar3haI lakar3I nahIM kATa sakatA / ataH bar3haI mukhya rUpase usameM sAdhakatama nahIM hai| isI taraha kArakasAkalya bhI sva aura parako pramiti svayaM nahIM karAtA, kintu jJAnake dvArA hI vaha hoto hai, ata: kArakasAkalya mukhyarUpase pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| hA~, use upacArase pramANa mAnanemeM koI Apatti nahIM hai; kyoMki sva aura parakI pramitimeM mukhyarUpase sAdhakatama jo jJAna hai, usa jJAnakA utpAdaka honese kArakasAkalya bhI sAdhakatama hai aura isalie use bho pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai| liMga, zabda Adi bhI upacArase hI pramANa haiM / 3. indriyavRtti samokSA sAMkhyakA kahanA hai ki sannikarSa aura kArakasAkalya bhale hI pramANa na hoM, kintu isase jJAna pramANa siddha nahIM hotA / arthakI pramiti meM indriyavRtti hI sAdhakatama hai, ataH use hI pramANa mAnanA cAhie / indriyA~ jaba viSayake AkAra pariNamana karatI hai, tabhI ve apane pratiniyata zabda AdikA jJAna karAtI haiN| ataH padArthakA samparka hone se pahale indriyoMkA viSayAkAra honA indriyavRtti hai / vahI pramANa hai| ___sAMkhyakA ukta kathana ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki indriyavRtti acetana hai, aura jo acetana hotA hai, vaha padArthako jAnane meM sAdhakatama nahIM ho sktaa| indriyavRtti kyA hai-indriyoMkA padArthake pAsa jAnA, padArthakI ora abhimukha honA, athavA padArthake AkAra honA ? prathama pakSa ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki sannikarSakI samIkSA karate hue batAyA hai ki indriyA~ padArtha ke pAsa nahIM jaatii| dUsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki indriyoMkA padArthakI ora abhimukha honA jJAnako utpattimeM kAraNa honese upacArase pramANa ho sakatA hai, vAstava meM to pramANa jJAna hI hai| tIsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki indriyoMkA padArthake AkAra honA pratItiviruddha hai| 1. sAMkhya kA0 28 / mATharavR0 pR0 47 / yogada0 vyAsabhA0, pR0 27 / 2. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 40-41, prameya ka0 mA0, pR0 16 / .:
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________________ pramANa jaise darpaNa padArthake AkArako apanemeM dhAraNa karatA hai, vaise zrotra Adi indriyA~ padArthake AkArako dhAraNa karatI nahIM dekhI jaatiiN| yadi aisA hotA to jaise darpaNameM padArthaka jhalakaneko lekara koI vivAda nahIM hai, vaise hI indriyoMke viSaya meM bhI koI vivAda na hotA; kyoMki jo bAta pratyakSa siddha hotI hai, usameM vivAdako sthAna nahIM rhtaa| ___ yaha mAna bhI liyA jAye ki indriyavRtti koI cIz2a hai, to bhI yaha prazna hotA hai ki vaha vRtti indriyoMse bhinna hai yA abhinna ? yadi abhinna hai to vaha vRtti indriyarUpa hI kahalAyI, arthAt indriyAM aura unakI vRtti eka hI huii| kintu indriyAM to sote samaya bhI maujUda rahatI haiM, ataH usa samaya bhI unakA vyApAra cAla rahanese supta aura jAgRta avasthAmeM koI antara hI nahIM rhegaa| yadi indriya vRttiko indriyoMse bhinna mAneM to prazna hotA hai ki vaha vRtti indriyoMse sambaddha hai yA asambaddha hai ? yadi asambaddha hai to usa vRttiko indriyoMkI nahIM kahA jA sakatA; kyoMki jo jisase sambaddha nahIM hotA use usakA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jaise sahya aura vindhya parvata bilakula alaga-alaga haiM, ataH na sahyako vidhyakA kahA jA sakatA hai aura na vindhyako shykaa| isI taraha zrotra vagairaha indriyoMse vRttikA koI sambandha na mAnanepara vRttiko indriyoMkA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ___yadi vRtti indriyoMse sambaddha hai, to ina donoMkA kauna-sA sambandha hai ? samavAya, saMyoga athavA vizeSaNa-vizeSyabhAva / samavAya sambandhako to jaina sambandha ho nahIM mAnate, isakA vicAra yathAvasara kiyA jaayegaa| saMyoga sambandha bhI nahIM banatA; kyoMki saMyoga sambandha dravya-dravyakA hI hotA hai| ataH yadi indriya aura usakI vRttikA saMyoga sambandha mAnA jAyegA to vRtti bhI eka dravya ho jaayegii| phira vRttiko indriyakA dharma nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| indriya aura usakI vRttikA vizeSaNa-vizeSyabhAva sambandha bhI nahIM banatA kyoMki sambandhAntarase sambaddha vastumeM hI yaha sambandha hotA hai| ataH vicAra karanese indriya vRtti hI nahIM bntii| taba usako pramANa kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? 4. jJAtRvyApAra pUrvapakSa-mImAMsaka prabhAkarake anuyAyiyoMkA kahanA hai ki sannikarSa, kArakasAvalya aura indriyavRtti bhale hI pramANa na hoM; kyoMki unako pramANa mAnane meM aneka doSa Ate haiM, kintu jJAtRvyApAra to avazya hI pramANa hai; kyoMki jJAtRvyApArake binA padArthakA jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| kAraka tabhI kAraka kahA jAtA
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________________ jaina nyAya isIlie kriyAse yukta dravyako hI kAraka kahA vaha to vastu mAtra hai, use kAraka nahIM mAnA kevala vastu mAtrako nahIM apanAte, kintu jo iSTa gayA hai / jisameM kriyA jA sakatA / phalArthI puruSa prayojanakA sAdhaka hotA hai use hI apanAte haiM / isalie jaise rasoI pakAne ke lie cAvala, pAnI, Aga aura baTaloI ina kArakoMko, jo ki pahale se taiyAra hote haiM, apanAyA jAtA hai aura inake melase rasoI taiyAra ho jAtI hai, vaise hI AtmA, indriya, mana aura padArtha ina cAroMkA mela honepara jJAtAkA vyApAra hotA hai / aura vaha jJAtAkA vyApAra padArthakA jJAna karAne meM kAraNa hotA hai / ataH jJAtAkA vyApAra hI pramANa hai, kyoMki padArthakA jJAna karAne rUpa phalako utpanna karane meM vahI sAdhakatama hai / jo pramANa nahIM hotA vaha sAdhakatama bhI nahIM hotA, jaise sannikarSa vagairaha / kintu jJAtRvyApAra sAdhakatama hai / ataH vahI pramANa hai / ' 62 hai jaba usameM kriyA hotI hai; nahIM, uttarapakSa - jisakI sattA kisI pramANase siddha hotI hai, vahI pramANa ho sakatA hai / jJAtRvyApArakI sattA pratyakSa, anumAna Adi kisI bhI pramANase siddha nahIM hai / ataH vaha pramANa nahIM ho sakatA / yadi jJAta vyApAra pratyakSa se siddha hai, to kisa pratyakSa se siddha hai - indriya aura padArtha ke sannikarSase honevAle pratyakSase, AtmA aura manake sannikarSase honevAle pratyakSa se athavA svasaMvedana pratyakSase ? pahalA pakSa ThIka nahIM; kyoMki indriyA~ usI padArthakA jJAna karAtI haiM, jo unase sambaddha hotA hai tathA unake grahaNa karane ke yogya hotA hai| na to jJAtRvyApAra ke sAtha indriyoMkA sambandha hI hotA hai aura na atyanta parokSa hone ke kAraNa vaha indriyoMke dvArA grahaNa kiye jAneke hI yogya hai / indriyA~ to rUpa rasa Adi apane niyata viSayoMko hI jAna sakatI haiM, ve jJAtRvyApArako kyA jaaneN| isIse dUsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM ThaharatA; kyoMki jo vastu grahaNa kiye jAneke ayogya hai, usameM AtmA aura manake sannikarSase utpanna honevAlA pratyakSa kaise pravRtti kara sakatA hai / vaha to apane yogya sukha Adiko hI jAna sakatA hai / tIsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki mImAMsaka svasaMvedana pratyakSa nahIM maante| sAtha hI atyanta parokSa vastukA svasaMvedana ho bhI nahIM sakatA / ataH pratyakSa pramANase jJAtRvyApArakI sattA siddha nahIM hotI / 1. mImAMsA zlo0 pR0 151; zAstradI0 pR0 202 / 2. nyA0 ku0, pR0 42-45, prameyaka0 mA0, pR0 20-25 /
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________________ 63 anumAna pramANase bhI jJAtRvyApArakI sattA siddha nahIM hotI / sAdhya aura sAdhanakA sambandha jAnakara sAdhanase sAdhyake jAnaneko anumAna kahate haiM / jaise, jJAtRvyApAra hai, kyoMki usake binA arthakA bodha nahIM ho sakatA / yahA~para jJAtRvyApAra sAdhya hai aura 'usake binA arthakA bodha nahIM ho sakatA' yaha sAdhana hai / sAdhana aura sAdhya ke sambandhakA jJAna arthAt 'jahA~-jahA~ arthabodha hotA hai vahA~-vahA~ jJAtRvyApAra hotA hai' isa niyamakA jJAna kisa pramANase hotA hai pratyakSa se yA anumAnase / pratyakSase to ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki jaise dhUma aura agniko dekhakara usakA sambandha jAnA jAtA hai ki jahA~-jahA~ dhuAM hotA hai vahA~-vahA~ Aga hotI hai / isI taraha pratyakSa se jJAtRvyApAra aura arthabodhako jAnakara hI unake sambandhakA jJAna ho sakatA hai kintu pratyakSase jJAtRvyApArakA bodha nahIM hotA / yadi hotA to phira usake astitvako siddha karaneke lie anumAnakI hI kyoM AvazyakatA hotI / aura yadi sAdhya - sAdhana ke sambandhakA jJAna anumAnase mAnate haiM to 'jJAtRvyApAra hai, kyoMki usake binA arthakA bodha nahIM ho sakatA / isI anumAnase mAnate haiM yA kisI dUsare anumAnase / yadi isIse mAnate haiM to parasparAzraya nAmakA doSa AtA | kyoMki sAdhya - sAdhanake sambandhakA jJAna ho to anumAna bane aura anumAna bane to sAdhya - sAdhanake sambandhakA jJAna ho / yadi isa anumAnake sAdhya sAdhanake sambandhakA jJAna dUsare anumAnase mAnate to dUsarA anumAna bhI binA sAdhya sAdhanake sambandha jJAnake nahIM bana sakatA / ataH usakA jJAna tIsare anumAna se karanA hogA | aura tosare anumAna ke sAdhya-sAdhana ke sambandhakA jJAna cauthe anumAna se karanA hogA / isa taraha anavasthA nAmakA doSa AtA hai / pramANa arthApatti nAmake pramANase jJAtRvyApArakA astitva siddha karanemeM bhI yahI doSa AtA hai; kyoMki arthApatti ke utthApaka arthakA apane sAdhya ke sAtha sambandha siddha ho jAnepara hI arthApatti pramANa gamaka ho sakatA hai, anyathA nahIM / ataH jJAtRvyApArakA astitva kisI bhI pramANase siddha nahIM hotA / kisI bhI pramANase siddha na honepara bhI yadi jJAtRvyApArakA astitva mAnate haiM to prazna hotA hai ki vaha kArakoMse janya hai athavA ajanya / ajanya to ho nahIM sakatA; kyoMki vaha eka vyApAra hai / vyApAra to kArakoMse janya hI huA karatA hai / athavA yadi vaha ajanya hai to bhAvarUpa hai yA abhAvarUpa abhAvarUpa mAnanepara vaha artha prakAzana rUpa phalakA janaka nahIM ho sakatA / yadi abhAvarUpa jJAtRvyApArase bhI padArthoMkA bodha ho jAtA hai to phira usake lie kArakoM kI khoja karanA hI vyartha hai / phira to abhAvase hI sabakI iSTasiddhi ho jAyA
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________________ 64 jaina nyAya kregii| yadi jJAtRvyApAra bhAvarUpa hai to nitya hai yA anitya / anitya to ho nahIM sakatA kyoMki jo ajanya hai aura bhAvarUpa hai usake anitya honemeM virodha hai| yadi vaha nitya hai to sabako saba padArthoM kA jJAna honekA prasaMga AyegA aura jJAtRvyApArako utpattike lie pradIpa Adi kArakoMko khojanA vyartha hogA / yadi jJAtRvyApAra kArakoMse janya hai to kriyArUpa hai yA akriyArUpa hai ? yadi kriyArUpa hai to vyApaka AtmA halana calanarUpa kriyAkA Azraya nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki mImAMsaka AtmAko vyApaka mAnatA hai| yadi vaha akriyArUpa hai to jJAnarUpa hai yA ajJAnarUpa ? yadi vaha jJAnarUpa hai to atyanta parokSa nahIM ho sakatA, jaisA ki mImAMsaka mAnatA hai| aura yadi ajJAnarUpa hai to ghaTa-paTakI taraha pramANa nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki jo ajJAnarUpa hai vaha pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| isa taraha vicAra karanese jJAtRvyApArako pramANa mAnanA samucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| 5. nirvikalpaka jJAna pUrvapakSa-bauddha bhI janoMko taraha jJAnako hI pramANa mAnate haiM; kintu jJAnake do bheda hai-nirvikalpaka aura savikalpaka / bauddha matameM pratyakSarUpa jJAna nirvikalpaka hotA hai aura anumAnarUpa jJAna sviklpk| ye do hI pramANa bauddha darzanameM mAne gaye haiN| kyoMki bauddha matAnusAra viSaya do prakArakA hotA haieka svalakSaNa rUpa aura dUsarA sAmAnya lakSaNa rUpa / svalakSaNakA artha hai vastukA sva-rUpa, jo zabda Adike binA hI grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| sAmAnya lakSaNakA artha hai-aneka vastuoMke sAtha gRhIta vastukA sAmAnya rUpa / isameM zabdakA prayoga hotA hai| svalakSaNa pratyakSa kA viSaya hai aura sAmAnya lakSaNa anumAnakA viSaya hai| jo kalpanAse rahita nirdhAnta jJAna hotA hai use bauddha darzana meM pratyakSa kahate haiN| aura abhilApa arthAt zabda viziSTa pratItiko kalpanA kahate haiM / bauddhakA kahanA hai ki pratyakSameM zabdasaMsRSTa arthakA grahaNa sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki pratyakSakA viSaya svalakSaNa hai aura vaha kSaNika hai| jaba hama use koI nAma dete haiM tabataka vaha hamAre sAmanese vilIna ho jAtA hai| aura usake vilIna ho jAnepara jaba hama use amuka nAmase pukArate haiM to usa samaya vaha artha vartamAna nahIM hotaa| ataH pratyakSa zabda viziSTa arthako grahaNa nahIM krtaa| taba vaha savikalpaka kaise ho sakatA hai| 1. nyA0 ku. ca0 pR0 46 / 2. nyAyabi0 pR0 11 / 3. nyAyabi0 pR0 13 / .
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________________ pramANa arthameM zabdoMkA rahanA sambhava nahIM hai aura na artha aura zabdakA tAdAtmya sambandha hI hai| aisI dazAmeM arthase utpanna honevAle jJAnameM jJAnako utpanna na karanevAle zabdake AkArakA saMsarga kaise raha sakatA hai ? kyoMki jo jisakA janaka nahIM hotA, vaha usake AkArako dhAraNa nahIM karatA / jaise rasase utpanna honevAlA rasajJAna apane ajanaka rUpa Adike AkArako dhAraNa nahIM krtaa| aura indriya jJAna kevala nIla Adi arthase hI utpanna hotA hai, zabdase utpanna nahIM hotaa| taba vaha zabdake AkArako dhAraNa nahIM kara sktaa| aura jaba vaha zabdake AkArako dhAraNa nahIM karatA, taba vaha zabdagrAhI kaise ho sakatA hai kyoMki bauddha matake anusAra jo jJAna jisake AkAra nahIM hotA vaha usakA grAhaka nahIM hotaa| ata: jo jJAna arthase saMsRSTa zabdako vAcakarUpase grahaNa karatA hai, vahI savikalpaka hai, anya nahIM / yaha bAta pratyakSa jJAnameM sambhava nahIM hai, ataH nirvikalpaka pratyakSa hI pramANa hai| zaMkA-yadi pratyakSa nirvikalpaka hai, to usase loka-vyavahAra kaise cala sakatA hai ? vicAraka puruSa pratyakSase yaha nizcaya karatA hai ki amuka vastu sukhakA kAraNa hai aura amuka duHkhakA kAraNa hai, tabhI vaha unameM se ekako chor3atA hai aura dUsarIko grahaNa karatA hai| uttara-nivikalpaka jJAnameM savikalpaka jJAnako utpanna karanekI zakti hai ataH vaha usake dvArA samasta vyavahAroMmeM kAraNa hotA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki yadyapi pratyakSa kalpanA rahita hai phira bhI vaha sajAtIya aura vijAtIya padArthoMse bhinna agni Adiko viSaya karatA huA hI utpanna hotA hai| aura cU~ki vaha niyata rUpa vastuko grahaNa karatA hai aura vijAtIya vastuoMse bhinna vastuke AkArakA anugAmI hotA hai; ataH vaha usI vastu vidhi aura niSedhakA AvirbhAva karatA hai-yaha agni hai, phUla vagairaha nahIM hai| nirvikalpaka pratyakSake anantara honevAle ye donoM vikalpa paramparAse vastuse sambaddha honeke kAraNa yadyapi avisaMvAdI haiM-inameM koI visaMvAda nahIM hai, phira bhI ye pramANa nahIM haiN| kyoMki ye vikalpa dRzya aura vikalpyameM ekatvAdhyavasAya honese hote hai| ataH ye vastuke jAne hue rUpako hI jAnate haiM / Azaya yaha hai-nirvikalpaka pratyakSake viSayako lekara hI pIchese vikalpa utpanna hote haiM / ata: vikalpakA viSaya koI navIna nahIM hotA tathA jJAtA bhramavaza nirvikalpa pratyakSake viSaya dRzyako aura 1. tattvasaM0, pR0 360 /
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________________ jaina nyAya vikalpake viSaya vikalpyako eka mAna baiThatA hai| ataH vikalpako pramANa nahIM mAnA jaataa| zaMkA-yadi uparyukta kAraNase savikalpaka jJAnako apramANa mAnA jAtA hai to anumAnako bhI pramANa nahIM mAnanA cAhie; kyoMki pratyakSase gRhIta viSayameM hI anumAnakI pravRtti hotI hai| . uttara-pratyakSase utpanna honepara bhI jisa aMzameM vaha savikalpaka jJAnako utpanna karatA hai vahI aMza gRhIta kahA jAtA hai| aura jisa aMzameM bhrAnti honese savikalpaka jJAnako utpanna nahIM karatA vaha aMza gRhIta honepara bhI agRhItake tulya hotA hai / usa aMzameM vartamAna samAropako dUra karaneke lie anumAnako pravRtti hotI hai| ata: anumAna pramANa hai, kintu pratyakSake anantara honevAlA savikalpaka jJAna pramANa nahIM hai; kyoMki vaha vartamAna samAropako dUra karane meM asamartha hai| zaMkA-svalakSaNa rUpa vastukA anubhava honepara bhI usakA nizcaya kyoM nahIM hotA? uttara-nizcayakI utpattike lie anya kAraNoMkI apekSA hotI hai| arthAt kevala anubhavake honese hI nizcaya nahIM hotA, usake lie abhyAsakI, athitvakI aura pATava Adi kAraNoMkI apekSA Avazyaka hotI hai / ataH savikalpaka jJAna pramANa nahIM hai, kintu nirvikalpaka jJAna hI pramANa hai / . uttara pakSa-bauddhAcArya kamalazIlane tattvasaMgrahako TokA (pR0 394)meM likhA hai ki-'kucha apane hI pakSake logoMko pratyakSake lakSaNameM 'abhrAnta' pada iSTa nahIM hai, kyoMki pIta zaMkhakA jJAna bhrAnta honepara bhI pratyakSa hai|""isiise AcArya dignAgane pratyakSake lakSaNa meM abhrAntapada grahaNa nahIM kiyaa|' Azaya yaha hai ki dignAgane 'kalpanArahita jJAnako pratyakSa' mAnA hai aura dharmakIrtine usameM 'abhrAnta' pada bar3hAkara 'kalpanArahita abhrAnta jJAnako pratyakSa' mAnA hai| jainAcArya akalaMkadevane apane tattvArthavArtika meM dignAgake pratyakSake lakSaNakI AlocanA karate hae likhA hai-'pratyakSa sarvathA kalpanAse rahita hai yA kathaMcit kalpanAse rahita hai ? yadi vaha sarvathA kalpanAse rahita hai to 'pramANa jJAna sarvathA kalpanArahita hai' yaha bhI to eka kalpanA hI hai, isase bhI rahita honese 'pramANa jJAna sarvathA kalpanArahita hai' yaha bhI kaha sakanA sambhava na hogaa| aura yadi vaha isa kalpanAse rahita nahIM hai to bhI 'pramANa jJAna sarvathA kalpanArahita hai' aisA kahanA galata hai| yadi kahate ho 1. tattvArthavA0, pR0 36 / ,
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________________ pramANa ki 'pramANa jJAna kathaMcit kalpanArahita' hai to bauddha to ekAntavAdI haiM, aura aisA mAnanese ekAntavAdako chor3akara anekAntavAda svIkAra karanA hotA hai| ata: aisA mAnane meM bhI bauddhoMpara Apatti ho AtI hai / __AcArya vidyAnandane apane zlokavAtikameM tathA AcArya prabhAcandrane nyAyakumudacandra aura prameyakamalamArtaNDameM kalpanAke lakSaNa 'abhilApavatI pratIti' ko lekara AlocanA kI hai| prabhArcandrAcAryakA kahanA hai ki bauddha nirvikalpaka darzanako nizcayAtmaka nahIM mAnate; kyoMki nizcaya bhI kalpanA hI hai / aisI sthitimeM vaha pramANa nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki jo jJAna svayaM anizcayasvarUpa hai aura arthakA bhI nizcaya nahIM karatA vaha pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| saMzaya Adiko dUra karake arthake svarUpakA nirNaya karanA hI nizcaya hai| yaha nizcaya pramANakA svarUpa hai; kyoMki 'prakarSaNa' arthAt saMzaya Adiko dUra karake 'moyate' arthAt jisase arthako jAnA jAtA hai, use pramANa kahate haiM, yaha pramANa zabdako nirukti hai| yaha bAta nirvikalpaka jJAnameM sambhava nahIM hai, taba use pramANa kaise kahA jA sakatA hai| dUsare nirvikalpaka jJAna vyavahArameM upayogo nahIM hai| isase bhI vaha pramANa nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki jo jJAna vyavahAra meM upayogI nahIM hai vaha pramANa nahIM hai / jaise calate hue manuSyako tRNa Adike sparzase honevAlA jJAna / bauddhoMkA nirvikalpaka jJAna bhI isIke tulya hai / ataH vaha pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| bauddhoMne yaha svayaM svIkAra kiyA hai ki vyavahArake lie hI pramANako AvazyakatA hai, kintu bauddhoMkA nivi. kalpaka jJAna vyavahArakA sAdhaka nahIM hai; kyoMki vaha na to apanA nizcaya kara pAtA hai aura na arthakA nizcaya kara pAtA hai| ataH aise nirvikalpaka jJAnase anadhyavasAya Adi mithyAjJAnoMkI taraha vyavahArI manuSyako kisI viSayameM pravRtti nahIM ho sktii| bauddha-~-yadyapi pratyakSa nirvikalpaka hai phira bhI vaha apane se bhinna eka savikalpaka jJAnako utpanna karatA hai, ataH vaha pravartaka hai aura pravartaka honese pramANa hai| jaina-yaha kevala zraddhAmAtra hai| isa tarahase to naiyAyikakA sannikarSa bhI pramANa ho sakatA hai, aura nirvikalpakameM aura sannikarSameM koI bheda hI nahIM rhtaa| zAyada yaha kahA jAye ki sannikarSa acetana hotA hai aura nirvikalpaka jJAna cetana hai, ataH usameM aura sannikarSameM bheda hai| kintu aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki nirvikalpaka pratyakSa cetana nahIM ho sktaa| jo dUsarekI apekSA na karake 1. pR0 185 / 2. pR0 47 / 3. pR0 46 / 4. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 48 / ___
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________________ jaina nyAya 68 svayaM apane svarUpakA upadarzaka hotA hai, use cetana kahA jAtA hai / kintu nirvikalpaka pratyakSa svapna meM bhI dUsarekI apekSA na karake apane svarUpakA pradarzana nahIM karatA / ataH vaha cetana kaise ho sakatA hai ? aura cetana na honese usameM aura sannikarSa meM koI antara nahIM rahatA / ataH yadi Apa sannikarSa se apane nirvikalpaka jJAnameM kucha bheda rakhanA cAhate haiM to use nizcayAtmaka mAnanA cAhie / aisA mAne binA usake svarUpakA anubhava nahIM ho sakatA aura svarUpakA anubhava hue binA sannikarSase nirvikalpaka jJAna bhinna siddha nahIM ho sakatA / bauddha - 'maiM dekhatA hU~' isa prakArake vikalpako utpanna karanA hI nirvikalpaka pratyakSakA vyApAra hai taba vaha nirvyApAra kaise hai ? jaina - yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai; aisA mAnanese to nirvikalpaka pratyakSako nizcayAtmaka mAnanA hogaa| kyoMki Apa ( bauddha ) vyApArako vyApAravAn se bhinna nahIM mAnate; kyoMki vyApAra vyApAravAnkA svarUpa hai / bauddha -- vyApAra vyApAravAnkA kArya hai ataH vaha usase bhinna hai / jaina -- yadi vaha kArya hai, to use vyApAravAnkA vyApAra nahIM kahA jA sakatA; kyoMki pitAkA vyApAra putra nahIM hotA / yadi thor3I dera ke lie yaha mAna bhI liyA jAye ki vyApAra vyApAravAnkA kArya hai phira bhI yadi nirvi kalpaka pratyakSa svayaM nizcayAtmaka nahIM hai to usase utpanna honevAle vikalpa meM nizcayAtmakatA kaise ho sakatI hai ? yadi kahA jAye ki vikalpa jJAnarUpa hai| ataH vaha nizcayAtmaka hotA hai, to nirvikalpaka pratyakSa bhI jJAnarUpa hai ataH use bhI nizcayAtmaka honA caahie| donoMke jJAnarUpa honepara bhI jo nirvikalpaka pratyakSa sAkSAt rUpaye svayaM arthakA grahaNa karane meM pravRtti karatA hai, vaha to arthakA nizcaya nahIM karatA, aura jo usa nirvikalpakase utpanna honevAlA vikalpa hai vaha arthakA nizcaya karatA hai / yaha to vahI kahAvata huI ki talavAra tIkSNa nahIM hai kintu usakA myAna bahuta tIkSNa hai / kintu vikalpaka nirvikalpase vikalpakajJAnakI utpAdaka sAmagrI vilakSaNa hai ataH vikalpaka nizcayAtmaka hai, yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM; kyoMki yaha to tabhI siddha ho sakatA hai jaba nirvikalpaka aura savikalpakakA bheda siddha ho jAye / jJAna ke sivA nirvikalpakako pratIti to svapna meM bhI nahIM hotI / hameM to indriya Adi sAmagrI se utpanna honevAle kevala eka hI jJAnakI pratIti hotI hai jo apanA aura arthakA nizcaya karAtA hai| phira bhI yadi nirvikalpaka aura savikalpakake bhedako mAnA jAtA hai, taba to bauddhoM ko buddhi aura caitanyako bhinna-bhinna mAnanevAle
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________________ pramANa 63 sAMkhyoMkA khaNDana nahIM karanA caahie| kyoMki jaise nirvikalpaka aura savikalpakakI bhinna-bhinna pratIti nahIM honepara bhI bauddha donoMko do judA jJAna mAnatA hai, vaise hI buddhi aura caitanyameM bhedapratIti nahIM honepara sI sAMkhya unheM bhinna mAnatA hai| zAyada bauddha kaheM ki nirvikalpaka aura savikalpaka jJAnameM ekatAkA adhyavasAya honese bhedakI pratIti nahIM hotI, to yaha bAta to sAMkhya bhI kaha sakatA hai| jaise Agako aura bacceko alaga-alaga jAnakara baccemeM AgakI-sI tejasvitA dekhakara donoMkA ekatvAdhyavasAya kara diyA jAtA hai ki yaha baccA to Aga hai / vaise hI yadi nirvikalpaka aura savikalpaka jJAnakA svarUpa alaga-alaga anubhavameM Aye to eka dUsarekA adhyAropa karake ekatvAdhyavasAya karanA ucita hai, kintu savikalpaka aura nirvikalpakakA bodha kahIMpara kabhI kisIko nahIM hotaa| phira ina donoMkA ekatvAdhyavasAya karegA kauna ? inhIM donoM meM se koI eka athavA koI tIsarA? yadi inhIM donoMmeM se koI eka jJAna donoMkA ekatvAdhyavasAya karatA hai to vaha savikalpaka athavA nirvikalpaka hai ? nirvikalpakase to yaha kAma ho nahIM sakatA; kyoMki vaha vicAraka nahIM hai| aura na savikalpaka hI isa kAmako kara sakatA hai; kyoMki nirvikalpaka jJAna usakA viSaya nahIM hai / aura jo jisako viSaya nahIM karatA vaha kisIke sAtha usakA ekatvAdhyavasAya nahIM kara sktaa| jaise ghaTakA jJAna paramANuko nahIM jAnatA, ataH vaha paramANuke sAtha ghaTakA ekatvAdhyavasAya nahIM kara sktaa| usI taraha nirvikalpakajJAna savikalpakakA viSaya nahIM hai| yadi nirvikalpakajJAna savikalpakajJAnakA viSaya ho jAyegA to savikalpakajJAna bhI 'svalakSaNa'ko viSaya kara skegaa| yadi ina donoMko chor3akara kisI tIsare jJAnase donoMkA ekatvAvyavasAya mAnA jAyegA, to vaha jJAna bhI yA to savikalpaka hogA yA nirvikalpaka / ataH vaha bhI donoMkA ekatvAdhyavasAya nahIM kara sakatA / isalie yadi pratItike anusAra hI vastukI vyavasthA karanA cAhate ho to anubhava siddha aura 'sva' tathA arthakA nizcaya karanevAlA eka hI pratyakSa jJAna mAnanA caahie| vahI apanA aura parakA nizcaya karAnevAlA honese saba vyavahAroMkA mUla hai| hAM, usIkA eka nAma nirvikalpaka rakhanA cAho to usameM hameM koI Apatti nahIM hai; kyoMki nAmabheda honese arthabheda nahIM ho jaataa| jo svayaM nirvikalpaka hai, vaha vikalpako kaise utpanna kara sakatA hai kyoMki nirvikalpakapanekA aura vikalpako utpanna karanekI sAmarthyakA parasparameM virodha hai| yadi kahA jAye ki vikalpavAsanAkI apekSA lekara nirvikalpaka pratyakSa bhI vikalpa 1. nyAyaku0, pR0 48-50 / 2. prameyaka0 mA0, pR0 33 /
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________________ jaina nyAya ko utpanna kara sakatA hai to vikalpavAsanAsApekSa artha ho vikalpako utpanna kara degA, donoMke bIca meM eka antargaDu nirvikalpaka pratyakSakI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai ? bauddha-ajJAta artha vikalpako kaise utpanna kara sakatA hai ? jaina-to anizcayAtmaka nirvikalpaka vikalpako kaise utpanna kara sakatA hai ? bauddha-anubhUti mAtrase hI nirvikalpaka savikalpakako utpanna kara sakatA hai / jaina-to jaise vaha nIla Adi padArthoM meM vikalpako utpanna karatA hai, vaise hI usameM rahanevAle kSaNikatvameM bhI vikalpako utpanna kyoM nahIM karatA ? yadi kare to jaise yaha nIla hai aisA vikalpa hotA hai vaise hI 'yaha kSaNika hai' aisA bhI vikalpa honA caahie| aura aisA hone se uttarakAlameM kSaNikatvakI siddhike lie jo anumAna pramANakA Azraya liyA jAtA hai, vaha vyartha pdd'egaa| tathA gRhItagrAhI honese jaise bauddha darzanameM savikalpakako pramANa nahIM mAnA jAtA vaise hI anumAna bhI gRhItagrAhI honese apramANa tthhregaa| bauddha-jisa viSayameM nirvikalpaka pratyakSa vikalpavAsanAko prabuddha karatA hai, usI viSayameM vaha savikalpaka jJAnako utpanna karatA hai| cUMki kSaNikatvake viSayameM vaha vikalpavAsanAko prabuddha nahIM karatA, ataH usameM vaha savikalpaka jJAnako utpanna nahIM krtaa| jaina-jaba nirvikalpaka anubhava mAtrase hI vikalpavAsanAkA prabodhaka hotA hai to jaise vaha nIla AdimeM vikalpavAsanAko prabuddha karatA hai vaise hI use kSaNi: katva vagairahameM bhI vikalpavAsanAko prabuddha karanA hI cAhie; kyoMki anubhUti mAtra donoMmeM samAna hai| bauddha-jisa viSaya meM abhyAsa, prakaraNa, buddhipATava aura athitva hotA hai, usI viSayameM nirvikalpaka vikalpavAsanAkA prabodhaka hotA hai / kSaNikatvake viSayameM ye bAteM nahIM pAyI jaatii| ataH vaha usameM vikalpavAsanAkA prabodhaka nahIM hotaa| jaina-yadi aisA hai to kRpayA yaha batalAie ki yaha abhyAsa kyA vastu haibAra-bAra darzana honA athavA bahuta bAra vikalpako utpanna karanA ? yadi abhyAsase matalaba bAra-bAra darzana honese hai to isa prakArakA abhyAsa to jaise nola Adike viSayameM hai, vaise hI kSaNikatva Adike viSayameM bhI hai; kyoMki bauddha darzana meM kahA hai ki 'yaha mAnava kSaNikatvako hI dekhatA hai|' yadi abhyAsase matalaba bahuta bAra vikalpako utpanna karanese hai to kSaNikatva Adike darzana meM usakA abhAva
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________________ pramANa kyoM hai ? yadi kahA jAyegA ki usa viSayameM nirvikalpaka vikalpavAsanAkA prabodhaka nahIM hai to anyonyAzraya nAmakA doSa AyegA; kyoMki 'kSaNikatva vagairahake viSayameM nirvikalpaka darzana vikalpa vAsanAkA prabodhaka nahIM hai yaha siddha honepara 'bahutabAra vikalpako utpanna karane rUpa' abhyAsake abhAvakI siddhi hogI aura isa prakArake abhyAsakA abhAva siddha honepara 'kSaNikatvake viSayameM nirvikalpaka darzana vikalpa vAsanAkA prabodhaka nahIM hai' yaha bAta siddha hogii| ataH abhyAsake na honese nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kSaNikatvake viSayameM vikalpa vAsanAkA udbodhaka nahIM hai, yaha bAta banatI nhiiN| prakaraNakI bAta bhI ThIka nahIM kyoMki kSaNika aura akSaNikakA vicAra karate samaya kSaNikakA prakaraNa bhI hai ho / buddhi pATavase ApakA kyA matalaba hai-nIla AdimeM darzanakA vikalpa utpanna karanA, athavA spaSTatara anubhavakA honA ? prathama pakSa meM to anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai, kyoMki 'kSaNika Adike viSayameM nirvikalpaka darzana vikalpavAsanAkA prabodhaka nahIM hai' isa bAtake siddha ho jAnepara vikalpako utpanna karane rUpa pATavake abhAvakI siddhi hogii| aura pATavake abhAvako siddhi ho jAnepara 'kSaNika Adike viSaya meM darzana vikalpavAsanAkA prabodhaka nahI hai' yaha bAta siddha hogii| dUsare pakSameM to kSaNikatva AdimeM bhI nirvikalpako vikalpa vAsanAkA prabodhaka honA hI cAhie kyoMki jaise nIlAdikA spaSTatara anubhava hotA hai, vaise hI kSaNikatvakA bhI spaSTatara anubhava bauddha mAnate hI haiN| isI taraha athitvase ApakA kyA tAtparya hai ? abhilASAkA honA athavA jijJAsAkA honA ? pahalA pakSa ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki kabhI-kabhI anabhilaSita vastumeM bhI vikalpavAsanAkA prabodha dekhA jAtA hai| jaise sA~pa aura kA~TA vagairahase saba bacate haiM, phira bhI pairameM kA~TA laganepara vikalpa utpanna hotA hI hai| dUsare pakSameM to kSaNikatvameM bhI vikalpavAsanAke prabodhakA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai; kyoMki jaise nIla Adi padArthoM ko jAnane kI icchA ( jijJAsA ) rahatI hai vaise hI kSaNakSayako bhI jAnaneko icchA rahato hI hai / ataH 'abhyAsa Adike na honese nirvikalpaka darzana kSaNikatvake viSaya meM vikalpavAsanAko prabuddha nahIM karatA' aisA mAnanA samucita nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ___ bauddha-abhyAsAdi sApekSa athavA nirapekSa darzana vikalpakA utpAdaka nahIM hai| vikalpa to zabda aura artha rUpa vikalpavAsanAse utpanna hotA hai| aura vaha zabdArtha vAsanArUpa vikalpa pUrva vAsanAse utpanna hotA hai| isa taraha vikalpa aura vAsanAkI santAna anAdi hai, aura yaha santAna nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ko 1. prameyaka0, pR0 35 /
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________________ 72 jaina nyAya santAnase bhinna hai / ata: vijAtIya nirvikalpaka darzanase vijAtIya vikalpakI utpatti honA hameM iSTa nahIM hai| jaina-yaha kathana bhI saMgata nahIM hai| yadi nirvikalpaka darzana vikalpako utpanna nahIM karatA to bauddha darzanameM aisA kyoM kahA hai - "yatraiva janayedenAM tatrevAsya prmaanntaa|" arthAt-jisa viSayameM nirvikalpaka pratyakSa savikalpaka buddhiko utpanna karatA hai usI viSayameM vaha pramANa hai / Apake ukta kathanase isa mAnyatAmeM virodha AtA hai / ataH jaba savikalpaka buddhiko utpanna karanepara hI nirvikalpakakA prAmANya abhISTa hai to savikalpakako hI pramANa kyoM nahIM mAna lete| kyoMki vaha saMvAdaka hai, arthakI paricchittimeM sAdhakatama hai, anizcita arthakA nizcAyaka hai aura jJAtA usoko apekSA karatA hai| nirvikalpameM ye bAta nahIM haiM ataH vaha sannikarSakI taraha pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| hAM, yadi 'gRhItagrAhI honese savikalpakako apramANa mAnate haiM to anumAna bhI apramANa ThaharatA hai; kyoMki vyAptijJAna aura yogipratyakSa se gRhIta arthako anumAna grahaNa karatA hai tathA kSaNikatvako siddha karanevAlA anumAna bhI aisI sthitimeM kaise pramANa ho sakatA hai; kyoMki jisa samaya yaha kahA jAtA hai-'sarva kSaNika sattvAt--' saba padArtha kSaNika haiM kyoMki sat hai; usI samaya ye zabda zrotrendriyajanya pratyakSake viSaya ho jAte haiM aura usI pratyakSake dvArA jAne gaye kSaNikatvako anumAna pramANa viSaya karatA hai| ataH vaha bhI gRhItagrAhI hai / yadi kahA jAye ki vaha pratyakSa to kevala zabdako hI grahaNa karatA hai usake kSaNikatva dharmako grahaNa nahIM karatA to eka hI vastukA grahaNa aura agrahaNa honese zabda rUpa dharmIse usakA kSaNikatva dharma bhinna ho jaayegaa| aura aisA honese zabda akSaNika tthhregaa| ata: savikalpaka jJAna hI pramANa hai|' jaise saMzaya jJAna, viparItajJAna Adi mithyAjJAna bhI yadyapi jJAna haiM, phira bhI jJAna hone mAtrase hI unheM pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA; kyoMki ve samIcIna vyavahArameM anupayogI haiM, unake dvArA kisIko bhI vastukA samyagjJAna nahIM hotaa| isI taraha bauddhoMkA nirvikalpaka pratyakSa bhI yadyapi jJAnarUpa hai, kintu jJAnarUpa honemAtrase hI use pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki anya mithyAjJAnoMkI taraha vaha bhI saMvyavahArameM anupayogI hai| 1. vahI0, pR0 37 / 2. nyAyaku0, pR0 52 / /
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________________ pramANa mithyAjJAnake tIna bheda haiM'-saMzayajJAna, viparyayajJAna aura anadhyavasAya / kisI padArthake dekhanepara yaha padArtha sthANu (ThUTha ) hai athavA manuSya hai, isa prakAra aneka arthoMkA Alambana lenevAle anizcita jJAnako saMzayajJAna kahate haiM / sthANuko puruSa samajha lenA athavA sIpako cA~dI yA cAMdIko sIpa samajha lenA viparyayajJAna hai / dasa viparyayajJAnako lekara bhAratIya dArzanikoMmeM bahuta matabheda hai| koI ise vivekAkhyAti kahatA hai to dUsare akhyAti, asatkhyAti, prasiddhArthakhyAti, AtmakhyAti, sadasattvAdyanirvacanIyArthakhyAti, viparItArthakhyAti, aura alaukikArthakhyAti ke rUpameM mAnate haiM / jaina dArzanika prabhAcandrAcArya Adine inakI AlocanA ko hai / usakA sAra yaha hai viparyayajJAna 1. vivekAkhyAti pUrva pakSa-mImAMsaka prabhAkarake anuyAyI viparyayajJAnameM vivekAkhyAtiko svIkAra karate haiN| unakA kahanA hai-sIpameM 'yaha cA~dI hai' yaha eka jJAna nahIM hai, kintu ye do jJAna haiM / inameM eka pratyakSa jJAna hai, dUsarA smaraNajJAna hai / kyoMki ina donoM jJAnoMke kAraNa bhI bhinna-bhinna haiM aura viSaya bhI bhinna-bhinna haiN| 'yaha' pratyakSajJAna hai, usakA kAraNa indriya hai| aura 'cAMdI' smaraNajJAna hai, usakA kAraNa saMskAra hai / tathA 'yaha' isa jJAna kA Alambana sAmane par3I huI sIpa hai aura 'cAMdo' isa jJAnakA Alambana pahale dekhI huI cA~dI hai| ataH bhinna viSaya aura bhinna kAraNa honese 'yaha cAMdI hai' yahAM do jJAna hI mAnanA caahie| vizeSa isa prakAra hai-'yaha' sAmane par3e hue arthako grahaNa karanevAlA pratyakSajJAna hai aura 'cAMdI' yaha pahale dekhI haI cAMdokA smaraNa hai, kyoMki cAMdIke jJAnakA viSaya cAMdI hI ho sakatI hai, sIpa nhiiN| anyAkAra pratItikA viSaya anya nahIM ho sktaa| yadi aisA ho to saba jJAnoMkA viSaya saba padArtha ho jaayeNge| ataH yahA~ 'cA~dI' isa jJAnakA viSaya cA~do hI hai; kintu cAMdo sAmane maujUda nahIM hai ata; sIpako dekhakara pahale dekhI huI cA~dIkA hI smaraNa ho AtA hai| ___zaMkA-yadi pahale dekhI huI cA~dIkA smaraNa huA mAnate haiM to atIta vastukA smaraNa to atIta rUpase hI honA cAhie, sAmane cAMdI par3I hai isa taraha vartamAna rUpase to nahIM honA cAhie / 1. mithyAjJAnatve'pi saMzayaviparyayAnadhyavasAyAtmaka syAt-tattvArthavA0, pR0 44 / 2. anekArthAnizcitApayudAsAtmakaH saMzayaH / tattvA0 vA0, pR0 43 / 3. bRha0 TI0, pR0 51 / prakaraNa maM0, pR0 43 /
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________________ jaina nyAya - uttara-yaha zaMkA ucita nahIM hai| atIta cAMdIkA bhI doSakI vajahase atIta rUpase pratibhAsa nahIM hotaa| kAraNa yaha hai ki sAmane vartamAna sIpameM aura pahale dekhI huI cAMdImeM samAnatA honese usa samAnatAkA avalambana pAkara jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha jJAna sIpa aura cAMdImeM bheda grahaNa na honese cAMdIke smaraNa meM kAraNa hotA hai, kintu 'maiM cAMdIkA smaraNa karatA hU~' usa kAlameM yaha bodha nahIM hotA isIlie ise 'smRtipramoSa athavA vivekAkhyAti kahate haiN| jo dArzanika sIpameM honevAle cAMdIke jJAnako smRtipramoSa na mAnakara viparItakhyAti mAnate haiM, unake matameM bAhya arthakI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| kyoMki jaise cAMdIke na honepara bhI cAMdIkA jJAna cAMdokI pratIti karA detA hai vaise hI sabhI jJAna bAhya arthoMke abhAva meM bhI unakA jJAna karA deNge| ataH ise smRtipramoSa hI mAnanA caahie| uttara pakSa-sIpameM 'yaha cAMdo hai' yaha jJAna do nahIM hai, kintu eka hI jJAna hai, isakA kAraNa bhI eka hI hai-cakSu Adi saamgrii| aura viSaya bhI eka hI hai, sopakA ttukdd'aa| sAmane par3e hue sIpake Tukar3e ko kAca kAmala Adi doSoMke kAraNa cakSu cA~dIke rUpameM dikhalA detI hai| doSoMkA kAma hI yaha hai ki ve avidyamAna vastukA bhI jJAna karA dete haiN| yadi aisA nahIM mAnA jAtA to yaha prazna hotA hai ki 'yaha cAMdI hai' isa jJAnameM sIpa kisa rUpase kAma karatI hai, kAraNa rUpase athavA viSaya ruupse| pahalA pakSa ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki 'yaha cAMdo hai' isa jJAnakA kAraNa yadi sIpako mAnA jAyegA to jahAM vAstavameM cA~dI hai vahAM jaise cakSa Adike na honepara cAMdIkA jJAna nahIM hotA vaise hI sIpake na honepara bhI cAMdIkA jJAna nahIM ho sakegA; kyoMki Apa cA~doke jJAnameM sIpako kAraNa mAnate haiM / yadi dUsarA pakSa svIkAra karate haiM to yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki isa jJAnakA viSaya sIpa hI hai, atIta cA~dI nhiiN| ataH 'yaha cA~do hai' yaha eka hI jJAna hai aura isakA viSaya bhI eka hai / 'yaha' zabda kevala purovartIpaneko batalAtA hai aura 'cAMdI zabda 'cA~dI ko hI batalAtA hai, na ki kisI vissyaantrko| ataH isa jJAnameM bhedako AzaMkA kaise ho sakatI hai| anyathA vAstavika cA~dIke jJAna meM bhI usakA prasaMga aayegaa| kyoMki cAMdI ke svarUpamAtrakA pratibhAsa donoM jJAnoMmeM samAna hai| 1. bRhatI, pR0 53-55 / 2. nyAyaku0, pR0 55-60 / prameyaka0 mA0, pR0 53-58 / ,
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________________ pramANa yadi sIpameM 'yaha cA~do hai' isa jJAnakA viSaya pahale dekhI haI cA~do hai to vahIM cA~dIkA pratibhAsa atIta rUpase hI honA caahie| aura usa avasyAmeM jJAtAko pravRtti usa cAMdImeM nahIM honI cAhie; kyoMki atIta vastuko prApta karanA zakya nahIM hai / ataH isa jJAnakA viSaya sAmane vartamAna sIpako hI mAnanA cAhie; kyoMki yaha jJAna usI meM pravRtti karAtA hai| jo jisameM pravRtti karAtA hai, usakA viSaya vahI vastu hotI hai| jaise vAstavika cA~dIkA jJAna vAstavika cAMdImeM pravRtti karAtA hai, ata: usakA viSaya vahI hai| usI taraha sIpameM honevAlA 'yaha cA~dI hai' yaha jJAna sAmane vidyamAna sIpameM hI pravRti karAtA hai ataH usakA viSaya vahI hai, atIta cA~dI nhiiN| pUrvavAdI-yadyapi isa jJAnakA viSaya pahale dekhI huI cA~dI hI hai kintu doSake kAraNa atIta cA~dIkA aura sopakA bheda pratIta na honese vaha jJAna sAmane vartamAna sIpameM hI pravRtti karAtA hai / jaina-yaha samAdhAna samucita nahIM hai, bhedakA pratIta na honA mAtra pravRtti meM kAraNa nahIM ho sktaa| jJAtAkI pravRttikA kAraNa sAmane cA~dIkA dikhAI denA hai na ki bhedakI pratIti na honA / pUrvavAdI-yadyapi isa jJAnakA viSaya atIta cA~dI hai, phira bhI cA~dIkA yaha jJAna sAmane vartamAna vAstavika cAMdIke jJAnake samAna hI hotA hai, isIse usameM puruSako pravRtti hotI hai| jaina-taba to cUMki yaha jJAna vartamAna vastukA jJAna nahIM karAtA, isalie atIta cAMdokA pratibhAsa karAnevAle jJAnake hI tulya huA, ataH usake tulya honese purovartI vastumeM use pravRtti nahIM karAnI cAhie; kyoMki atIta cAMdoke jJAnameM aisA nahIM dekhA jaataa| aisI sthitimeM sIpameM cA~dIko jAnanevAlA manuSya sAmane par3e hue sIpake Tukar3e meM pravRtti kare yA na kre| zAyada kahA jAye ki sAmane vartamAna satya cAMdIke jJAna aura atIta cAMdoko jAnanevAle mithyA jJAnadonoM jJAnoMmeM samAnatA honepara bhI eka pravRttimeM hetu hai, dUsarA nahIM, kintu yaha kathana saMgata nahIM hai| ataH sIpameM 'yaha cAMdo hai' isa jJAnakA viSaya sopa hI hai| isalie 'yaha cA~do hai' isa jJAnameM viSayabheda na honese ise do jJAna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| 1. nyA0 ku0, pR. 56 /
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________________ jaina nyAya __athavA', yadi ye do jJAna haiM to inakI utpatti eka sAtha hotI hai yA kramase ? eka sAtha do jJAna nahIM utpanna ho sakate, anyathA jJAnoMke yogapadyakA prasaMga upasthita ho jaayegaa| tathA mImAMsakoMkI mAnyatA-indriyoMmeM kramase hI jJAnako utpanna karaneko sAmarthya hai-usako bhI kSati phuNcegii| yadi donoM jJAna kramase utpanna hote haiM to 'yaha' isa pratyakSa jJAnase pahale cA~dIkA smaraNa hotA hai, ayavA bAdameM ? prathama pakSa ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki 'yaha' isa pratyakSa jJAnake honese pahale smaraNakA boja jo saMskAra hai, usa saMskArakA prabodhaka koI kAraNa ho nahIM hai, jisase pahale dekhI cA~dIkA smaraNa ho Aye / aura pUrva saMskArake prabuddha honepara hI smRti hotI hai, usake binA nahIM hotii| - vAdI-'yaha' isa savikalpaka jJAnase pahale honevAle nirvikalpaka jJAnase saMskArakA prabodha hotA hai| jaina-taba to nirvikalpakake bAda hI 'yaha' savikalpaka jJAna utpanna hogA aura usI samaya cAMdoko smRti honese jJAnoMke yogapadyakA prasaMga upasthita ho jaayegaa| dUsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki 'yaha' isa pratyakSa jJAnake pazcAt utpanna hone vAlA cA~dIkA jJAna cakSubyApArake ruka jAnepara bhI utpanna huA khlaayaa| aisI sthitimeM A~kheM banda kara lenepara bhI 'yaha cA~dI hai' jJAnakA anubhava honA caahie| tathA yaha krama pratItiviruddha bhI hai; kyoMki pahale sAmane par3I huI sIpako grahaNa karake pIche 'maiM cA~dIkA smaraNa karatA hU~' isa taraha svapnameM bhI donoM jJAnoMke kramakI pratIti nahIM hotii| sabako yahI pratIti hotI hai ki sAmane par3I huI vastu ekadama cAMdI rUpase pratibhAsita hotI hai| anyathA uttara kAlameM usa jJAnake bAdhaka kAraNoMke upasthita honepara 'yaha cA~dI nahIM hai' isa prakAra jo tAdAtmya rUpase cA~dIkA pratiSedha kiyA jAtA hai vaha nahIM honA cAhie; kyoMki Apake kathanAnusAra to vaha atIta cA~dIkA smaraNa hai| kintu lokameM dekhA jAtA hai ki sIpakI ora aMgulIse nirdeza karake yaha kahA jAtA hai ki yaha cAMdI nahIM hai| ataH sAmane par3I huI sIpako jo cAMdIrUpase pratIti hotI hai vaha sAmane avasthita vastu-svarUpase viruddha honeke kAraNa viparItakhyAti hai, smRtipramoSa nahIM hai / ___ athavA smRtipramoSa bho ho, para yaha smRtikA pramoSa hai kyA ? smRtike 1. nyA0 ku0, pR0 57 / 2. vahI, pR0 58 / .
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________________ pramANa 70 vinAzako smRtipramoSa kahate haiM yA smRtikA pratyakSake sAtha ekatvAdhyavasAya honA smRtipramoSa hai, athavA smRtikA pratyakSa rUpa honA smRtipramoSa hai, athavA 'vaha' isa aMzakA anubhava nahIM honA smRtipramoSa hai, athavA smRtike tirobhAvakA nAma smRtipramoSa hai ? ____ yadi smRtike vinAzakA nAma smRtipramoSa hai to jaba dhUmako dekhakara agniko jAna lete haiM taba dhUma aura agnike sambandhakA smaraNa vinaSTa ho jAtA hai, yaha bhI smRtipramoSa kahA jaayegaa| yadi pratyakSake sAtha smRtike ekatvAdhyavasAyako smRtipramoSa kahate haiM to prazna hotA hai ki donoMkA ekatvAdhyavasAya huA kaise-- viSayakA ekatvAdhyavasAya honese athavA svarUpakA ekatvAdhyavasAya honese ? prathama pakSameM yaha viSayakatvAdhyavasAya kyA hai-yadi ekake viSayakA dUsare meM Aropa karanekA nAma ekatvAdhyavasAya hai to pratyakSake viSayakA smRtike viSayameM Aropa hotA hai yA smRti ke viSayakA pratyakSake viSayameM Aropa hotA hai ? yadi pratyakSake viSayakA smRtike viSayameM Aropa hotA hai to smRtikA viSaya to pahale dekhI huI cA~dI hai| ataH jisa dezameM usa cA~dIko dekhA thA vahIMpara sIpakA spaSTa pratibhAsa honA cAhie, na ki 'yaha' isa ullekhake sAtha sAmane; kyoMki jahA~para jisakA Aropa hotA hai usakA pratibhAsa usI dezameM hotA hai, jaise marIcikAmeM Aropita jalakA pratibhAsa marIcikA dezameM hI hotA hai| isI taraha Apa smRtike viSayabhUta cAMdImeM pratyakSake viSayabhUta sIpakA AropaNa karate haiM / ataH usakA pratibhAsa vahIM honA caahie| dUsare pakSameM arthAt yadi smRtike viSayakA pratyakSake viSayameM Aropa hotA hai to 'yaha' isa rUpase sIpakA spaSTa pratibhAsa nahIM honA cAhie, kyoMki sopameM Aropita jo smRtikA viSaya hai, vaha aspaSTa hai / ataH viSayakA ekatvAdhyavasAya honese to smRtikA pratyakSake sAtha ekatvAdhyavasAya nahIM bntaa| ___ svarUpakA ekatvAdhyavasAya honese bhI nahIM banatA; kyoMki usameM yaha prazna paidA hotA hai ki vaha svarUpaikatvAdhyavasAya koI dUsarA karatA hai athavA smRti aura pratyakSa hI karate haiM ? smRti aura pratyakSa to kara nahIM sakate; kyoMki jo smRti aura pratyakSa a-svasaMvidita svabhAva hone ke kAraNa apane svarUpakA bhI adhyavasAya karanemeM asamartha haiM ve anyake sAtha ekatvAdhyavasAya kaise kara sakate haiM ? isI taraha koI dUsarA jJAna bhI unakA ekatvAdhyavasAya nahIM kara sakatA; kyoMki vaha bhI a-svasaMvidita svabhAva ( apaneko na jAna sakanevAlA; kyoMki mImAMsaka jJAnako svasaMvedI nahIM mAnate ) honeke kAraNa jaba apane svarUpamAtrako bhI nahIM
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________________ jaina nyAya jAna sakatA to vaha anyake sAtha ekatvAdhyavasAyakI bAtako kaise jAna sakatA hai ? ataH pratyakSake sAtha ekatvAdhyavasAyakA nAma bhI smRtipramoSa nahIM ho sktaa| ___ smRtikA pratyakSarUpa honA bhI smRtipramoSa nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki aisA honepara jaba smRti smRtirUpako chor3akara pratyakSa rUpa ho jAyegI, smRtirUpa nahIM rahegI, taba use kaise smRtikA pramoSa kahA jA sakatA hai ? yadi kahA jAye ki 'vaha cA~dI' isa prakArakI pratItikA nAma smRti hai| yahA~ jo 'vaha' zabda hai vaha pahale jAne gaye arthako kahatA hai jo isa samaya parokSa hai / jahA~para isa 'vaha' zabdakA anubhava nahIM hotA vahA~ smRtikA pramoSa kahA jAtA hai| kintu yaha bhI samucita nahIM hai, kyoMki smRtipramoSavAdI mImAMsaka 'vaha cA~do' isako eka hI smaraNa mAnatA hai / usameM-se 'vaha' zabdakA pramoSa honepara 'cAMdI' zabdakA bhI pramoSa honA cAhie; kyoMki niraMza jJAnakA eka dezase pramoSa nahIM ho sktaa| ataH 'vaha' kI taraha cAMdIkA bhI anubhava nahIM ho skegaa| ___aba rahA tirobhAva, arthAt smRtike tirobhAvako smRtipramoSa kahate haiM / yaha tirobhAva bhI jJAnakA yogapadya siddha honepara hI siddha ho sakatA hai| kintu mImAMsaka aisA mAnate nahIM haiM ki eka sAtha do jJAna ho sakate haiN| taba tirobhAvakI bAta bhI nahIM bntii| yadi tirobhAvako mAna bhI liyA jAye to prazna hotA hai ki smRtike tirobhAvase ApakA kyA abhiprAya hai-apanA kAma na karanA, smRtikA AvRta honA athavA usake svarUpakA abhibhUta honA ? prathama pakSa ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki smatikA kArya hai jAnanA, so 'yaha cAMdI' isa jJAnake hote hue cAMdIkA jJAna ho hI rahA hai| dUsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki cirasthAyI padArtha ho AvRta dekhA jAtA hai, jJAna to cirasthAyI dekhA nahIM jAtA aura na yaha Apako iSTa hI hai| tIsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai / balavAnke dvArA durbalake svarUpakA abhibhava dekhA jAtA hai, jaise sUryase tArAgaNoMkA / aba prazna yaha hotA hai ki smRti durbala hai to kyoM hai ? usakA viSaya atIta hotA hai isalie, athavA vaha bAdhyamAna hotI hai isalie / prathama pakSameM smRtikA hI uccheda ho jAyegA; kyoMki sabhI smRtiyoMkA viSaya atIta hI hotA hai ataH sabhI smRtiyA~ durbala khlaayeNgii| aura usa avasthAmeM pratyakSa jJAnake dvArA unake svarUpakA abhibhava honekA prasaMga upasthita hogaa| dUsare pakSameM smRtiko bAdhyamAnatA viparIta khyAtiko mAne binA bana nahIM sktii| ataH smRtipramoSake Agrahako chor3akara viparItakhyAti hI mAnanA caahie| isalie viparIta jJAnake viSayameM prabhAkara matAnuyAyiyoMkA vivekAkhyAti athavA smRtipramoSa pakSa samucita nahIM pratIta hotA /
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________________ pramANa 73 2. akhyAtivAda ___ cArvAka' matAnuyAyo viparyayajJAnako akhyAtike rUpameM mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai-sIpameM 'yaha cAMdI hai' isa jJAnakA viSaya cA~dI to nahIM hai, anyathA phira isa jJAnako bhrAnta kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? tathA 'cA~dIkA abhAva' bhI isa jJAnakA Alambana nahIM hai; kyoMki cA~dIkA astitva mAnakara hI vaha jJAna pravRtta hotA hai| isIlie sIpa bhI isa jJAnakA Alambana nahIM hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki cAMdIke rUpa meM sIpa hI isa jJAnakA Alambana hai, kintu yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki anyakA anyarUpase grahaNa honA nahIM dekhA jAtA; kyA kahIM ghaTarUpase paTakA grahaNa hotA dekhA gayA hai ? isalie isa jJAnameM kucha bhI pratibhAsamAna nahIM hotA / isIlie ise akhyAti kahate haiM / yaha akhyAtivAdiyoMkA kathana bhI avicArita hI hai, kyoMki yadi isa jJAnameM kucha bhI pratibhAsamAna nahIM hotA to 'yaha cA~dI hai' isa rUpameM usakA kathana kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? dUsare phira yaha akhyAti hai kyA vastu-rupAtike abhAvakA nAma akhyAti hai athavA ISat khyAtiko akhyAti kahate haiM ? prathama pakSa meM bhrAntimeM aura suptAvasthAmeM koI bheda nahIM rahegA kyoMki bhrAntimeM suptAvasthAse yahI bheda hotA hai ki bhrAnti eka jJAnavizeSarUpa hotI hai jaba ki suptAvasthAmeM yaha bAta nahIM hotii| yadi bhrAntiko bho jJAnavizeSarUpa nahIM mAnA jAyegA to donoM samAna ho jAyeMge / dUsare pakSameM khyAtike ISatpanese kyA abhiprAya hai ? yadi jo artha jisa rUpameM avasthita hai usakA usa rUpameM pratibhAsa na honekA nAma ISatkhyAti athavA akhyAti hai to yaha to viparItArthakhyAti huI, na ki akhyAti / ataH akhyAti pakSa bhI samucita nahIM hai| 3. asatkhyAtivAda bauddhadarzanakI sautrAntika aura mAdhyamika zAkhAke anuyAyI viparyayajJAnako asatkhyAtivAda mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai-sopa meM 'yaha cAMdo hai' isa prakAra jo vastusvarUpa pratibhAsita hotA hai vaha jJAnakA dharma hai athavA arthakA ? jJAnakA dharma to vaha ho nahIM sakatA; kyoMki usakI pratIti ahaMkArake rUpameM na hokara bAharameM 'yaha' isa rUpase hotI hai tathA arthakA bhI dharma nahIM hai; kyoMki usake dvArA jo kAma honA cAhie vaha nahIM hotaa| isake sivA uttara kAla meM honevAle 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 60 / prameyaka0 mA0, pR0 48 / 2. nyA0 ku0, pR. 60 / /
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________________ 80 jaina nyAya bAdhaka jJAnase usa vastu rUpakA arthakA dharma honA bAdhita ho jAtA hai / ataH ukta 'yaha cAMdI hai' isa jJAnameM asatkA hI pratibhAsa hotA hai| isalie use asakhyAti kahate haiN| __ asakhyAtivAdiyoMkA ukta kathana bhI vicArapUrNa nahIM hai| kyoMki AkAzakusumakI taraha asatkA pratibhAsa honA hI sambhava nahIM hai| tathA asat bhI ho aura usakA pratibhAsa ho, ye donoM bAteM viruddha hai| padArthoM kA pratibhAsamAna honA hI unakA astitva hai| kyA sarvathA asat gadheke sIMga-jaiso vastuoMkA svapna meM bhI pratibhAsa hotA hai ? tathA yadi bhrAnta jJAnoMkA viSaya asat mAnA jAyegA to bhrAntiyoM meM jo anekarUpatA dekhI jAtI hai, usakA abhAva ho jAyegA, kyoMki usa nAnArUpatAkA koI kAraNa hI nahIM rhtaa| Azaya yaha hai ki asakhyAtivAdo na to jJAnameM vaicitrya mAnate haiM aura na arthameM vaicitrya mAnate hai taba usa vaicitryake nimittase jo aneka prakArakI bhrAntiyAM hotI haiM, ve kaise ho sakeMgI? _ aise jJAnoMmeM arthakriyAkAritva nahIM dekhA jAtA, isa Apattipara jainoMkA yaha prazna hai ki kauna-sA arthakriyAkAritva aise jJAnoMmeM nahIM pAyA jAtA-jJAnasAdhya arthakriyAkAritva nahIM pAyA jAtA athavA jJeyasAdhya arthakriyAkAritva nahIM pAyA jAtA? prathama patra meM to 'yaha cA~dI hai' isa rUpase pratibhAsita honevAle vastusvarUpakA sarvayA asattva siddha nahIM hotA, hAM vaha jJAnakA dharma nahIM hai, isalie Apa use asat kaha sakate haiM, na ki sarvathA asat / kyoMki yadi eka vastu dUsarI vastukA kAma na kara sake to, isase usa vastukA asattva siddha nahIM hotA, anyathA ghaTa paTakA kAma nahIM kara sakatA, isalie ghaTake bhI asattvakA prasaMga upasthita hogaa| ataH prathama pakSa ThIka nahIM hai| dusarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki marIcikAmeM jalakA jJAna honepara jalake nimitta se honevAlI arthakriyA-jala pInekI icchA, usameM pravatti Adi hotI hI hai| isapara Apa yaha pUcha sakate haiM ki phira usa jJAnako bhrAnta kyoM kahA jAtA hai ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki usameM snAna Adi nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / vAstavameM arthakriyA do prakArakI hotI hai-eka to arthamAtrase honevAlI aura eka sacce arthase honevAlI / vastuko dekhakara usakI abhilASA Adi honA, arthamAtrase honevAlI arthakriyA hai aura snAna, pAna Adi kara sakanA, satya arthase honevAlI arthakriyA hai| ataH jo jJAna isa dUsare prakArakI arthakriyAko kara sakane meM samartha arthako hI grahaNa karatA hai, vahI jJAna abhrAnta hotA hai, dUsarA nhiiN| ata: asakhyAti pakSa bhI nahIM bntaa| .
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________________ pramANa 4. prasiddhArthakhyAtivAda 'sAMkhyadarzana viparyayajJAna meM prasiddhArthakhyAtivAdako mAnatA hai| usakA kahanA hai-viparyayajJAnameM pratIti siddha arthakA hI pratibhAsa hotA hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki 'vicAra karane para usa arthakA asattva siddha hotA hai' kintu yaha kathana saMgata nahIM haiM, kyoMki pratItike sivA aura vicAra hai kyaa| aura viparyayajJAnameM pratibhAsita artha pratItise abAdhita hai / ataH jo artha pratIti siddha ho usakA vicAra karanA ho ayukta hai| hathelIpara rakhe hue A~valekA astitva bhI pratItipara hI nirbhara hai| vahI pratIti viparyayajJAnake viSaya meM bhI hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki marIcikAmeM jalakA pratibhAsa honepara jaba jJAtA usa sthAnapara pahu~catA hai to vahAM jalakA pratibhAsa nahIM hotA ataH vahA~ jalakA asattva hI tthhraa| yaha kathana bhI yukta nahIM hai kyoMki yadyapi usa sthAnameM jAnepara vaha artha nahIM rahatA, kintu jisa samaya vahA~ jalakA jJAna huA usa samaya to hai hii| yadi uttarakAlameM usa arthakA abhAva honese pratibhAsa kAlameM bhI abhAva mAnA jAyegA to aisI sthitimeM bijalIkA apane jJAna kAlameM bhI abhAva siddha hogA; kyoMki bijalI eka bAra camakakara lupta ho jAtI hai| isalie yaha prasiddhArthakhyAti hI hai| ___ sAMkhyakA ukta mata avicArita hai; kyoMki aisA mAnanese bhrAnta aura abhrAnta pratItikA vyavahAra hI naSTa ho jAyegA; kyoMki jaba pratyeka pratIti yathAvasthita arthako grahaNa karatI hai, taba 'koI pratIti bhrAnta aura koI abhrAnta' yaha vyavasthA binA hetuke kaise bana sakatI hai ? aisA karanese to svecchAcAra hI kahalAyegA / tathA marIcikAmeM bhI pratibhAsa kAlameM yadi jalakA astitva rahatA hai to uttarakAlameM jalake nahIM honepara bhI kamase kama jalake cihna-jamInakA golA vagairaha honA-to avazya hI milane cAhie; kyoMki bijalIkI taraha jalakA bhI tatkAla niranvaya vinAza nahIM dekhA jaataa| ataH prasiddhArthakhyAti pakSa bhI zreyaskara nahIM hai| 5. mAtmakhyAtivAda bauddha darzanako yogAcAra zAkhAke anuyAyo viparIta jJAnako AtmakhyAti mAnate haiM / unakA kahanA hai-sIpameM 'yaha cA~do hai' isa prakAra cAMdokA pratibhAsa hotA hai| kintu bAharameM sthita cAMdIkA yaha pratibhAsa bAdhaka pratyayake kAraNa 1. nyA0 ku0 pR0 61 / prameyaka0 mA0, pR0 46-50 / 2. nyA0 ku0, pR0 62 / prameyaka0 mA0, pR0 50-51 / 11
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________________ jaina nyAya ThIka nahIM hai, 'jisa rUpase pratibhAsa hotA hai vaisA hI artha hai' aisA mAnanA samucita nahIM hai; kyoMki aisA mAnanese bhrAntatAkA abhAva ho jaayegaa| ataH 'yaha cAMdI hai' yaha jJAnakA ho AkAra hai jo anAdikAlIna avidyA vAsanAke balase bAharameM pratibhAsita hotA hai / isalie ise AtmakhyAti kahanA ho samucita hai / yogAcArakA yaha kathana bhI samucita nahIM hai; yataH jaba yaha siddha ho jAye ki jJAna apane svarUpameM hI niSTha hotA hai aura arthakA AkAra dhAraNa karatA hai tabhI AtmakhyAti siddha ho sakatI hai| kintu yaha siddha nahIM hai| isakA vicAra yathAsthAna kiyA joyegaa| tathA yadi sabhI jJAna apane AkAra mAtrako grahaNa karate haiM to unameM bhrAnta aura abhrAntakA bheda tathA bAdhya-bAdhakapanA nahIM banatA kyoMki vaisI sthitimeM koI bhI jJAna vyabhicArI ho nahIM sktaa| tathA yadi 'yaha cAMdI hai' yaha jJAnAkAra hI hai to isakA saMvedana 'maiM cAMdI' isa rUpa meM svAtmaniSTha hI honA cAhie na ki 'yaha cA~dI' isa prakAra bahiniSTha / kyoMki jisakA strAtmarUpase saMvedana hotA hai, usakA bahiniSTha rUpase saMvedana nahIM hotA, jaise jJAnake svarUpakA / kintu AtmakhyAtivAdIke matameM cA~dI vagairahakA AkAra svAtmarUpase jAnA jAtA hai ataH usakA bahiHsthita rUpase bodha nahIM honA cAhie / yadi anAdi avidyA vAsanAke kAraNa svAtmaniSTha jJAnAkArakA pratibhAsa bahisthita rUpase huA mAnate haiM taba to yaha viparItakhyAti hI huI; kyoMki jJAnase abhinna cA~dI vagairahake AkArakA viparIta rUpase arthAt bahiHsthita rUpase adhyavasAya hotA hai| tathA yadi yogAcAra bAhya arthoMko jJAnakA viSaya nahIM mAnatA to jaise sIpameM 'yaha cAMdI hai' isa prakAra cA~dIke ullekhapUrvaka jJAna hotA hai vaise 'yaha nIla hai' isa prakAra nIlake ullekhapUrvaka jJAna kyoM nahIM hotA? koI niyAmaka to hai nahIM ? yadi avidyA vAsanA niyAmaka hai to amuka deza vagairahameM hI aisA jJAna kyoM hotA hai ? zAyada kaheM ki avidyAkA yahI mAhAtmya hai ki deza Adike niyamake asat hone para bhI vaha jJAnameM usakI pratIti karA detI hai| kintu yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM haiM, kyoMki aisA mAnanese to asatakhyAtivAda hI siddha hotA hai| ata: AtmakhyAti pakSa bhI samucita nahIM hai| 6. anirvacanIyArthakhyAtivAda brahmAdvaitavAdI viparyayajJAna meM anirvacanIyArthakhyAti mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai--sIpa AdimeM jo cAMdI AdikA AkAra pratibhAsamAna hotA hai vaha sat hai yA
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________________ pramANa hare. asat hai athavA ubhaya rUpa hai ? sat to ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki yadi vahA~ cA~dI hoto to uttarakAlameM bAdhaka jJAna utpanna na hotA aura cA~dIkA jJAna abhrAnta kahA jAtA / asat bhI nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki AkAzakusumakI taraha asatkA pratibhAsa nahIM hotA / ubhaya rUpa bhI nahIM haiM, kyoMki ubhaya rUpa mAnanemeM ubhaya pakSa ke doSa AyeMge tathA sat aura asat ye donoM eka rUpa nahIM ho sakate / ataH jJAnake dvArA darzita arthako sat asat athavA ubhayarUpase kahanA zakya nahIM hai, ataH ise anirvacanIyArthakhyAti kahate haiM / yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki jo pratibhAsamAna hai use anirvacanIya nahIM kahA jA sakatA / jo sat hai usakA sat rUpase grahaNa aura kathana hotA hI hai aura jo asat hai usakA asat rUpase grahaNa aura kathana hotA hai / yadi aisA na ho to ghaTa-paTa Adi aura unakA abhAva bhI anivarcanIya ho jAyegA / tathA yadi ukta viparIta jJAnako Apa anirvacanIya mAnate haiM to 'yaha cAMdI hai' isa prakArakA jJAna aura zabda vyavahAra ho nahIM sakatA / pahale sat rUpase dekhI huI cAMdI deza AdikA vyavadhAna hone para bhI samAnatA ke kAraNa sIpameM pratibhAsita hotI hai | ataH usakA 'yaha vaha hai' isa rUpase ullekha honA hI vacanoyatA hai aura usakA ullekha na honA ho avacanIyatA hai, ataH anirvacanIyArthakhyAti pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai / 7. alaukikArthakhyAtivAda kucha dArzanika ise alaukikArtha khyAtike rUpa meM mAnate haiM / unakA kahanA hai ki cU~ki ukta prakAra se vicAra karanevara anya khyAtiyA~ ThIka nahIM baiThatIM, ataH ise alaukikArtha khyAti mAnanA cAhie / alaukika arthAt antaH athavA bAhyarUpase jisake svarUpakA nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aise arthakI khyAtikA nAma alaukikArthakhyAti hai / yaha pakSa bhI vicArasaha nahIM hai; kyoMki arthake alokikapane se ApakA kyA Azaya hai ? arthakA anya rUpa honA, anya kriyA karanA, anya kAraNase utpanna honA athavA binA kAraNake utpanna hone kA nAma alaukikapanA hai ? prathama pakSa ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki satyakA jaisA rUpa pratibhAsita hotA hai vaisA hI rUpa asatyakA bhI pratibhAsita hotA hai / yadi anya rUpase pratibhAsita honekA nAma alaukikArthakhyAti hai to viparItakhyAtikA hI nAma alaukikArthakhyAti huA / dUsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai / yadi anya artha anya arthakA kAma karane lagegA to usake lie anya kAraNoMkI parikalpanA karanA hI vyartha ho jAyegA, phira to eka hI kAraNa se saba kArya
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________________ jaina nyAya utpanna hone lagegeM / isIse tIsarA pakSa bhI asaMgata ThaharatA hai| caturtha pakSameM yadi binA kAraNake artha utpanna hotA hai to vaha sat rUpa hai athavA asat rUpa hai ? yadi sat rUpa hai to vaha nitya kahalAyA; kyoMki jo sat hai aura kAraNoMse utpanna nahIM hotA vaha anitya nahIM ho sakatA / yadi vaha asat rUpa hai to yaha cAMdI hai' isa prakAra vidhi rUpase usakI pratIti kyoM hotI hai ? kyoMki ghaTakA abhAva honepara 'yaha ghaTa hai' isa prakAra vidhi rUpase usakI pratIti svapnameM bhI nahIM hotii| zAyada kahA jAye ki asat rUpa arthakI bhI kisI bhrAntike kAraNa sat rUpase pratIti hotI hai| taba to yaha viparItakhyAti huI na ki alaukikArthakhyAti ? ataH alaukikArthakhyAti pakSa bhI zreyaskara nahIM hai| isa taraha sopameM cA~dIkA jJAna hone ke viSaya meM anya dArzanikoMke dvArA kathita khyAtiyA~ vicAra karane para nahIM ThaharatIM / ataH ise viparItakhyAti ho mAnanA caahie| 8. viparItArthakhyAtivAda pakSakA samarthana viparItakhyAti na mAnanevAle dArzanikoMkA kahanA hai ki isa tarahase vicAra karanepara to viparItakhyAti bhI nahIM ttiktii| kyoMki usameM bhI yaha prazna uThatA hai ki viparItakhyAtikA Alambana kyA hai-cA~dI athavA sIpa ? yadi cA~dI hai to yaha asakhyAti huI, na ki viparItakhyAti; kyoMki usameM asat cA~dIkA pratibhAsa hotA hai / zAyada kahA jAye ki anya deza aura anya kAlameM jo cAMdI sat hai vahI sIpameM pratibhAsita hotI hai, ataH ukta doSa nahIM AtA / to yaha cA~dI hai' aisA jJAna nahIM honA cAhie, kyoMki jo cA~dI usa deza aura usa kAlameM vartamAna nahIM hai aura jisakA cakSuke sAtha sannikarSa bhI nahIM hai, usakA cAkSuSa jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| yadi aise padArthakA bhI cAkSuSa jJAna hone lage to saba padArthoMkA cAkSuSa jJAna hone lagegA aura isa taraha cAkSuSa jJAna samasta vizvako grahaNa kara skegaa| ataH cA~do to isa jJAnakA Alambana nahIM hai| aura na sIpa hI hai; kyoMki vaha jJAna cA~dIke AkArake rUpameM utpanna hotA hai| . jo jJAna anyake AkAra ho usakA Alambana anya nahIM ho sktaa| tathA yadi sIpa hI isa jJAnakA Alambana hai to use bhrAnta kase kahA jA sakatA hai ? viparItakhyAtimeM uThAyI gayI ukta vipratipattiyoMkA samAdhAna isa prakAra hai-ukta jJAnakA Alambana cA~dI hI hai, kintu itane mAtrase ise asakhyAti nahIM kahA jA sakatA / asakhyAtimeM to sarvathA asat arthakA pratibhAsa mAnA jAtA .a
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________________ pramANa 85 hai kintu vahA~ to dezAntarameM vidyamAna arthakA pratibhAsa hotA hai| ataH viparItakhyAti aura asatkhyAtimeM bahuta bheda hai / zaGkA-jo cA~dI vahA~ nahIM hai aura na jisakA cakSuke sAtha sannikarSa hI hai usakA 'yaha cAMdI' isa rUpameM pratibhAsa kaise hotA hai ? uttara-doSake kAraNa dezAntara aura kAlAntarameM vidyamAna vastu bhI nikaTa rUpase jJAnakA viSaya ho sakatI hai| isIse to ise viparItakhyAti kahate haiM / kintu aisA honese vizvako bhI jAna lenekA prasaMga upasthita nahIM hotA; kyoMki sadRza padArtha ke darzanase udbhUta huI smRtike dvArA upasthApita padArtha hI viparIta jJAnakA viSaya hotA hai| aura upasthApanakA artha hai vittameM sphurAyamAna arthakI bAharameM pratIti honaa| kintu itane mAse ise AtmakhyAti athavA asatkhyAti nahIM kahA jA sakatA; kyoMki jJAnase bhinna arthakA yahA~ pratibhAsa hotA hai isalie ise AtmakhyAti nahIM kahA jA sakatA aura atyanta asat arthakA pratibhAsa nahIM hotA, isalie ise asatkhyAti nahIM kahA jA sktaa| zaGkA-'yaha cA~dI hai' yaha jJAna to pratyakSa rUpa hai| usameM, smRtiko koI apekSA nahIM hai, ataH smRti ke dvArA upasthApita arthakA pratibhAsa isameM kaise ho sakatA hai ? uttara-yaha jJAna pratyakSa rUpa nahIM hai, kintu pratyabhijJAna rUpa hai| isameM pahale dekhI huI aura vartamAnameM dRzya vastukA jor3a rUpa jJAna hotA hai / jaise 'yaha vahI devadatta hai|' aura pratyabhijJAnameM darzana aura smaraNa donoM kAraNa hote haiM / isa. lie isameM smRti kI apekSA honA ucita hI hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki sIpameM 'yaha cA~do hai' isa prakArake jJAnako pratyabhijJAna kahanA siddhAntaviruddha hai; kintu aisI bAta nahIM hai| Age batalAyA jAyegA ki 'yaha vRkSa hai' ityAdi jJAna bhI pratyabhijJAna hI hai| ___ataH smRti ke dvArA upasthApita cA~dI isa jJAnakA Alambana hai athavA apane AkArako chipAkara cA~dIkA AkAra dhAraNa karanevAlI sIpa hI isakA Alambana hai; kyoMki usa samaya sIpakA trikoNa Adi viziSTa AkAra to dRSTigocara nahIM hotA aura camaka Adi jo dharma cA~dI aura sIpameM samAna haiM, unapara dRSTi par3ate hI pahale dekhI huI cAMdokA smaraNa ho AtA hai / ataH apane AkArako chipAkara cA~dokA AkAra dhAraNa karanevAlI sIpa isa jJAnakA Alambana hai / zaGkA-cA~doko grahaNa karanevAle jJAnakA Alambana sIpa kaise ho sakatI hai ? samAdhAna-aMguli vagairahase jisa vastukI ora nirdeza kiyA jAtA hai, vahI
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________________ jaina nyAya jJAnakA Alambana hotA hai / sIpako cA~dIke rUpa meM jAnanevAloMkA saMketa 'yaha cAMdI' isa taraha sAmane par3I huI sIpakI ora hI hotA hai| binA sIpa-jaisI vastuke isa prakArakA jJAna ho nahIM sktaa| ata: isa jJAnameM viSaya rUpase sIpako apekSA hotI hai / sIpa aura cAMdI meM samAna rUpase pAye jAnevAle camakate hue sapheda AkArako lekara hI yaha viparIta jJAna hotA hai / ata: ise viparItakhyAti ho kahanA ucita hai| isIse aise jJAnako apramANa mAnA hai| ataH jo jJAna saMzaya, viparyaya Adise rahita hotA hai vahI pramANa hai / isa taraha jainadarzanameM ajJAnarUpa sannikarSa Adi aura usIke samakakSa nirvikalpaka jJAna bhI pramANa nahIM haiM / unheM yadi pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai to upacArase hI pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki paramparAse ye saba savikalpaka jJAnakI utpattimeM kAraNa hote haiM / ataH mukhyarUpase to jJAna hI pramANa hai| sAkAra jJAnavAdakI samIkSA pUrvapakSa-sautrAntika matAvalambI bauddhakA kahanA hai ki yaha to ThIka hai ki jJAna arthakA grAhaka hotA hai; kintu vicAraNIya yaha hai ki vaha sambaddha arthakA grAhaka hai athavA asambaddha arthakA ? asambaddha arthakA grAhaka to ho nahIM sakatA. kyoMki aisA honese jJAna sabhI arthoMkA grAhaka ho jaayegaa| yadi sambaddha arthakA grAhaka hai to yaha prazna hotA hai ki jJAna aura arthakA kauna sambandha hai - tAdAtmya sambandha hai athavA tadutpatti sambandha hai ? tAdAtmya sambandha mAnanese to vijJAnAdvaitavAdo yogAcArakA matAnuyAyI honA par3egA, kyoMki yogAcArake matase vijJAna hI paramArtha sat hai aura bAhya padArtha svapnake samAna haiN| tathA jJAna aura artha cUMki samakAlIna hote haiM, isalie unameM tadutpatti sambandha bhI nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki eka gAyake eka sAtha paidA hone vAle donoM sIMgomeM jaise kAryakAraNa bhAva nahIM hotA vaise hI samAna samayavartI do padArthoM meM kAryakAraNabhAva nahIM ho sakatA / yadi jJAna aura arthako bhinna samayavartI mAnA jAyegA to artha ke naSTa ho jAnepara binA AkArake arthakA grahaNa kaise ho sakatA hai ? yahI bAta dharmakIrtine apane pramANavArtikameM kahI hai - "bhinnakAlaM kathaM grAhyamiti ced grAhyatAM viduH / hetutvameva yuktijJAH tadAkArArpaNakSamam // " 1. nyA. ku0 ca0, pR0 165 | prameyaka0 mA0, pR0 103-110 / 2. pramANavA0, 3 / 247 /
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________________ pramANa bauddha darzanameM pratyeka artha kSaNika hai / ataH prathama kSaNameM to artha utpanna hI hotA / dUsare kSaNa meM vaha jJAnako utpanna karatA hai / kintu aisA honese kAraNabhUta arthakA kAryabhUta jJAnake honepara abhAva ho jAtA hai, kyoMki vaha kSaNa sthAyI hai aisI sthiti meM yaha AzaGkA hotI hai ki vaha artha jJAnake dvArA kaise grAhya ho sakatA hai ? usIkA samAdhAna karate hue batalAyA hai ki jisa kSaNa meM kisI vastu ke sAtha hamArI indriyoMkA samparka hotA hai usa kSaNameM vaha vastu atIta ke garbhameM calI jAtI hai / kevala tajjanya jJAna zeSa rahatA hai / pratyakSa hote hI vastuke nIla pota Adi AkAra cittapara aMkita ho jAte haiM / ina AkAroMko hI jJAna jAnatA hai / ataH bauddhoM kA kahanA hai ki cU~ki jJAna arthase utpanna hotA hai, isalie use arthake AkAra hI mAnanA caahie| tathA yaha niyama hai ki jo jisakA grAhaka hotA hai vaha usake AkAra hotA hai / jaise svarUpakA grAhaka jJAna svarUpake AkAra hotA hai vaise hI nIla Adi arthakA grAhaka jJAna nIla Adi AkAra hotA hai / aura jo jisake AkAra nahIM hotA vaha usakA grAhaka bhI nahIM hotA / jaise zuklajJAna nIlakA grAhaka nahIM hotA, kyoMki vaha usake AkAra nahIM hai / kintu jJAna arthakA grAhaka hotA hai, isalie use arthakAra mAnanA cAhie / 9 yadi jJAnako nirAkAra mAnA jAyegA to usake svarUpakA bhI pratyakSa nahIM ho sakegA; kyoMki jaba jJAna utpanna hotA hai to 'yaha nIla hai', 'yaha pIta haiM' ityAdi AkAra rUpase usakI pratIti hotI hai / ina AkAroMke abhAva meM jJAnakA pratyakSa kaise ho sakatA hai ? tathA nirAkAra mAnanepara jJAnoMkA parasparameM bheda bhI durlabha ho jaayegaa| kyoMki nIla Adi AkAra hI eka jJAnako dUsare jJAnase bhinna karate haiM, unake abhAva meM kisase kise bhinna kiyA jAyegA ? ataH jisake kAraNa 'yaha nIlakA jJAna hai', 'yaha pItakA jJAna hai, isa prakAra pratyeka jJAnakA viSaya niyata hotA hai, vahI arthAkAratA isa kriyA meM sAdhakatama honese pramANa hai, aura vahI eka jJAnase dUsare jJAnako bhinna karatI hai / yadi arthAkAratAko nahIM mAnA jAyegA to 'nIlakA yaha jJAna hai' isa prakAra jJAnakA arthake sAtha sambandha ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA aura usake na honese saba padArthoMke prati samAna honeke kAraNa nirAkAra jJAnameM vaha vyavasthA kaise banegI ki amuka jJAnakA amuka hI viSaya hai ? aura isa vyavasthAke abhAva meM arthakriyArthI jJAtA puruSako niyata arthameM pravRtti kaise ho 1. pramANavA0 alaM0 pR0 2 / 2. pramANasa0 . kA 0 10 / pramANavA0 alaM0, pR0 116 | 2 87
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________________ 88 jaina nyAya sakegI, kyoMki nirAkAra honese usakA jJAna sabhI padArthoM ke prati samAna hai| isIse dharmakItine pramANavAtikameM kahA hai "arthena ghaTayatyenAM na hi muktvArtharUpatAm / tasmAt prameyAdhigateH pramANaM meyarUpatA // "' arthAt arthAkAratAko chor3akara anya koI jJAnako arthake sAtha sambaddha nahIM karatA / ata: jJAnako arthAkAratA hI pramANa hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki jaise artha jJAnakA kAraNa hai vaise hI cakSu Adi indriyA~ bhI kAraNa haiM, ataH arthakI taraha cakSu Adike AkArakA anukaraNa jJAnameM kyoM nahIM hotA ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki jaise putrako utpatti meM bhojana Adi bhI kAraNa hai, kintu putra bhojanake AkArakA anukaraNa na karake mAtA-pitAke hI AkArakA anukaraNa karatA hai, vaise hI jJAna bhI arthake AkArakA hI anukaraNa karatA hai, cakSu AdikA nahIM / ataH jJAnako sAkAra mAnanA caahie| uttara pakSa-jainoMkA kahanA hai ki yadyapi jJAna sambaddha arthakA hI grAhaka hai, kintu jJAna aura arthameM tadutpatti sambandha nahIM hai, balki yogyatA lakSaNa sambandha hai| usa sambandhake hI kAraNa jJAna samakAlIna athavA bhinnakAlIna arthako grahaNa karatA hai| ataH 'bhinna kAlameM grAhya-grAhaka bhAva kaise banatA hai' yaha kathana asaMgata hai| yahA~ itanA aura bhI spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka hai ki jaina darzana bauddhoM. ke nirvikalpaka jJAnako to svIkAra hI nahIM krtaa| ata: pravRtti aura nivRttimeM kAraNa jisa savikalpaka jJAnakA anubhava bAlakase lekara vRddha takako hotA hai, usIko jaina darzana nirAkAra siddha karatA hai| kisI bhI manuSyako yaha anubhava nahIM hotA ki saba jJAna apane AkArako hI jAnate haiM balki apanese bhinna padArthake abhimakha hokara hI ve padArthoM ko jAnate haiN| yahI laukikI pratIti hai; aura lokavyavahArakA ullaMghana karanese padArthakI vyavasthA ho nahIM sakatI / anyathA dharmakIrtikA 'prAmANyaM vyavahAreNa' kathana asaMgata tthhregaa| tathA pratyakSa Adi pramANoMse bhI virodha AyegA; kyoMki pratyakSase to pratyeka puruSako AkArarahita jJAnakA hI anubhava hotA hai na ki darpaNako taraha sAkAra jJAnakA / ataH jo jisake dvArA apanese bhinna jAnA jAtA hai vaha usake dvArA atadAkAra rUpase hI jAnA jAtA hai| jaise stambhakI jar3atAko jJAna jar3arUpa hokara nahIM jAnatA / jJAna apanese bhinna nIla Adi padArthoM ko jAnatA hai| ataH jJAna nirAkAra hai / 1. pramANavA0, 31305 / 2. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 167 / prameyaka0 mA0, pR0 103-110 /
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________________ pramANa yadi jJAnako sAkAra mAnA jAtA hai to jJAnakI sAkAratAse kyA Azaya hai / -jJAnakA svasaMvid rUpa honA, athavA usakA vaizadya Adi svabhAva, athavA 'yaha nIla hai' isa prakAra arthAkArakA ullekha, athavA arthake AkArako dhAraNa karanA / prathama tIna vikalpoMmeM to koI Apatti hameM nahIM hai; kyoMki jJAna meM ye tInoM bAteM hotI haiM, inameM se ekakA bhI abhAva honepara jJAna jJAna hI nahIM raha sakatA / hA~, jJAnakA arthake AkArako dhAraNa karanA asaMgata hai; kyoMki nIla Adi AkAra jJAna meM saMkrAnta nahIM hotA, kyoMki vaha jar3akA hI dharma hai / jo kAhI dharma hotA hai vaha jJAna meM saMkrAnta nahIM hotA, jaise jar3atA / usI taraha nIla Adi AkAra bhI jar3akA ho dharma hai / zAyada kahA jAye ki sattvase vyabhicAra AyegA / kintu aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai, sattva jar3akA hI dharma nahIM hai ajar3a ( cetana ) sukhAdimeM bhI sattva dharma rahatA hai / 89 isI taraha yadi jJAna sAkAra hai to arthake sAtha jJAnakA pUrI tarahase sArUpya hai, athavA ekadezase ? pUrI taraha se sArUpya mAnanepara cU~ki artha jar3a hai, ataH jJAna bhI jar3a hI ho jAyegA / aura phira jJAna pramANarUpa na rahakara prameya rUpa ho jAyegA; kyoMki artha prameya hotA hai, pramANa nahIM hotA / kintu aisA honA yukta nahIM hai; kyoMki pramANakA antarmukha rUpase aura arthakA bAhya rUpase alagaalaga pratibhAsa hotA hai / isa doSake bhayase yadi arthake sAtha jJAnakA ekadezase sArUpya mAnate haiM to ajar3AkAra jJAnake dvArA arthako jar3atAkI pratIti nahIM ho sakegI kyoMki jJAna jar3AkAra nahIM hai aura jo jisake AkAra nahIM hotA vaha usako grahaNa nahIM kara sakatA / tathA jar3atAko pratIti na honese 'artha jar3a hai' yaha bodha kaise ho sakegA ? aura jar3atAkI pratIti na honepara nIlatAkI bhI pratIti nahIM ho sakego / anyathA nIlatAkI pratIti hone aura jar3atAkI pratIti na honese nIlatA aura jar3atA meM bheda ho jAyegA / tathA, yadi buddha dUsaroMke rAgAdiko jAnate samaya tadAkAra ho jAte haiM to dUsare manuSyoM ke samasta kalpanAsamUhakA anukaraNa karanese vaha vItarAga aura kalpanAjAlase rahita kaise ho sakeMge ? zAyada kahA jAye ki parakIya rAgAdike AkArakA anukaraNa karanepara bhI 'yaha mere rAgAdi haiM' yaha buddhi nahIM hotI, ataH koI doSa nahIM hai ? to prazna hotA hai ki 've rAgAdi dUsaroMke kaise haiM' zAyada kahA jAye ki dUsaroMko usa prakArakI buddhi hotI hai ki ve rAgAdi hamAre haiM ? to yadi buddha dUsaroMkI isa buddhike AkArakA anukaraNa karate haiM to vahI doSa punaH AtA hai | ataH isa doSake bhayase yadi yaha mAnate haiM ki jJAna atadAkAra hokara 12
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________________ jaina nyAya bho jar3atAko jAnatA hai to atadAkAra jJAna hI nIla Adi AkArako bhI jAna legA, phira jJAnako sAkAra mAnanekA Agraha kyoM kiyA jAtA hai ? tathA, jaise eka dezase sArUpya honeke kAraNa jJAna nIla padArthako jAnatA hai vaise hI vaha samasta arthoko bhI jAna legA; kyoMki sattva Adi rUpase sabhI padArthoMke sAtha jJAnakA sArUpya hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki sabhI padArthoke sAya ekadezase sArUpya honepara bhI ve padArtha nola Adi AkArase vilakSaNa hote haiM, ataH unakA grahaNa nahIM hotA to samAna AkAravAle saba padArthoM ke grahaNakA prasaMga upasthita hogaa| zAyada kahA jAye ki jJAna jisase utpanna hotA hai, usIke AkArakA anukaraNa karanepara usakA grAhaka hotA hai, kevala sArUpya mAtrase grAhaka nahIM hotA, to prathama kSaNa meM 'nIla' yaha jJAna utpanna huaa| yaha jJAna dvitIya jJAnakA janaka hai kintu dvitIya jJAna pUrva kSaNavartI jJAnase utpanna honepara bhI tathA tadAkAra honepara bhI pUrvakSaNavartI jJAnakA grAhaka nahIM hotA / . ataH ukta kathana bhI saMgata nahIM hai| tathA, AkAra jJAnase bhinna hai athavA abhinna hai ? yadi bhinna hai to jJAna nirAkAra hI rhaa| yadi abhinna hai to jJAna aura AkAra meM se koI eka hI rahA / kathaMcid bheda mAnanepara jainamatAnuyAyI hone kA prasaMga upasthita hogaa| tathA yadi jJAna apanese abhinna AkArako hI grahaNa karatA hai to 'parvata dUra hai', 'makAna samIpa hai' isa prakArakA vyavahAra nahIM honA caahie| zAyada kahA jAye ki jJAna meM apanA AkAra denevAle padArthake dUra yA samIpa honeke kAraNa aisA vyavahAra hotA hai, kintu darpaNa vagairahameM aisA vyavahAra nahIM pAyA jaataa| ata: vicAra karanepara jJAnakA arthAkAra honA ghaTita nahIM hotA / isalie 'jo jisake AkAra nahIM hotA vaha usakA grAhaka bhI nahIM hotA' ityAdi kathana ayukta hai| tathA jo yaha Apatti kI gayI hai ki 'jJAnako nirAkAra mAnanepara svarUpakA bhI pratyakSa nahIM ho sakegA, vaha bhI ucita nahIM hai| jJAnakA AkAra usakA svapara prakAzakatva hai na ki niilaadipnaa| nIlAdipanA to arthakA dharma hai / ataH svapara prakAzakatva rUpa AkArake sAtha jJAna kA pratyakSa hotA hI hai; kyoMki 'maiM nIlako jAnatA hU~' yaha pratIti sabhIko hotI hai| raha jAtA hai yaha prazna ki nirAkAra honepara jJAnoMmeM bheda kaise kiyA jAyegA? so pratyeka jJAna pratiniyata arthakA grAhaka hotA hai| usakA yaha svarUpa hI eka jJAnase dUsare jJAnako bhinna karatA hai| svagata dharmakI apekSAse hI padArthoMmeM paraspara bheda karanA yukta hai, na na ki anyake dharmakI apekSAse / yadi anyake dharmakI apekSAse bhI bheda kiyA jAyegA to bar3I gar3abar3I upasthita hogii| .
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________________ pramANa yaha bhI Apatti kI gayI hai ki yadi jJAnako nirAkAra mAnA jAyegA to saba jJAna saba padAryoMke grAhaka ho jAyeMge; kyoMki unameM parasparameM koI antara nahIM rhegaa| kintu yaha Apatti bhI samIcIna nahIM hai; dIpakakI taraha jJAna svakAraNoMse sAmane vidyamAna arthameM hI niyamita rahatA hai| jaise dIpaka ghaTAdike AkArako dhAraNa karake unakA prakAzaka nahIM hotaa| phira bhI vaha gharake andara rahanevAle pratiniyata padArthoMkA hI prakAzana karatA hai, kyoMki usakI zakti niyata hai / usI taraha jJAna arthAkAra na honepara bhI pratiniyata sAmagrIke nimittase utpanna honeke kAraNa tathA pratiniyata sAmarthya rakhaneke kAraNa pratiniyata arthako hI jAnatA hai, sabako nahIM jaantaa| ataH jJAnakI sAkAratAkA pakSa aneka doSoMse duSTa honeke kAraNa samucita nahIM hai| zAna svasaMvedI hotA hai jainadarzana jJAnako svasaMvedI mAnatA hai| dUsare jJAnakI sahAyatAke binA apane svarUpake jAnanekA nAma svasaMvedana hai| jainadarzanakA kahanA hai ki jJAna svako jAnatA hai; kyoMki vaha arthako jAnatA hai| jo 'sva' ko nahIM jAnatA vaha arthako bhI nahIM jAnatA / jaise, ghaTa-paTa Adi / kintu jJAna arthakA grAhaka hai ataH vaha 'sva' kA bhI grAhaka hai| parokSajJAnavAda __ pUrvapakSa-mImAMsaka jJAnako svasaMvedo nahIM maante| unakA kahanA haijJAnakA svasaMvedana pramANaviruddha hai, jJAna to parokSa hI hai; kyoMki usakI karmarUpase pratIti nahIM hotii| jisakA pratyakSa hotA hai, usakI pratoti karmarUpase hotI hai, jaise arthkii| cU~ki jJAnakI pratIti karmarUpase nahIM hotI, ata: vaha parokSa hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki yadi jJAna sarvadA parokSa hai to usake grAhaka pramANakA abhAva honese jJAna kA hI abhAva ho jAyegA? kintu aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai| pratyakSarUpase jJAnakI pratIti nahIM hoto, isalie hama use nitya parokSa mAnate haiM, arthApatti nAmakA pramANa usakA grAhaka hai| vaha batalAtA hai ki koI bhI kriyA niSphala nahIM hotI, isalie jJAnakriyA artha meM prakaTanarUpa phalako 1. nyA0 ku0, pR0 175 / 2. zAvara bhA0. 1 / 1 / 5, bRhatI 11111, patrikA, pR0 64-67 / 3. mI0 zlo0 TI0, sUtra 111 // 5 //
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________________ jaina nyAya utpanna karatI hai, arthAt jJAnase artha prakaTa ho jAtA hai| aura pratyeka prANIse suparicita yaha artha prakaTanarUpa phala binA jJAnake ho nahIM sakatA / ata: isa phalase AtmAmeM nitya parokSajJAnakA astitva mAnA jAtA hai : kahA bhI hai - apratyakSA no buddhiH, pratyakSo'rthaH, sa hi bahirdezasaMbaddhaH pratyakSamanubhUyate jJAte tvanumAnAdavagacchati buddhim / ' [ zAbara bhA0 1 / 1 / 5 ] hamArA jJAna apratyakSa hai aura artha pratyakSa hai. kyoMki bahirdezavartI arthakA pratyakSa anubhava hotA hai / arthakA jJAna honepara anumAnase buddhikA jJAna hotA hai / jaise jalakA jJAna honepara usameM pravRtti hotI hai / yadi pravRtti kA viSaya jala ajJAta ho to usameM pravRtti ho nahIM sktii| ataH pravRttiko dekhakara hI jJAnakA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| prayojanArthI manuSya kabhI pravRtti karatA hai, aura kabhI pravRtti nahIM krtaa| isameM jJAnake sivA usakI pravRttikA anya koI kAraNa nahIM hai / jo artha iSTasAdhaka hai, vaha bhI svabhAvase hI pravRttimeM hetu nahIM hai, anyathA sarvatra usameM pravRtti huA kare / ataH cU~ki prayojana honepara bhI manuSyakI arthameM pravRtti kadAcit hI hotI hai, isalie arthake sivA anya bhI koI isakA kAraNa hai, jisake hone para arthameM pravRtti karanekI yogyatA AtI hai, vaha kAraNa jJAna hai / ataH jJAna parokSa hai / uttara-mImAMsakakA ukta mata jainadarzanako abhISTa nahIM hai| usakA kahanA hai-jaise mImAMsaka AtmA aura phalajJAnakI karma rUpase pratIti nahIM honepara bhI unakA pratyakSa honA mAnatA hai, vaise hI use pramANa rUpase abhimata karaNajJAnako bhI pratyakSa mAnanA cAhie; kyoMki jaise AtmAkI kartArUpase aura phala. jJAnakI phalarUpase pratoti hotI hai, ataH ve pratyakSa haiM, usI prakAra jJAnakI karmarUpase pratIti nahIM honepara bhI karaNarUpase pratIti hotI hai, ataH use bhI pratyakSa maano| yadi karaNa rUpase pratIyamAna jJAnako karaNa ho mAnate ho, pratyakSa nahIM mAnate, to kartArUpase aura phalarUpase pratIyamAna AtmA aura phalajJAnako bhI kartA aura phala hI mAnanA hogA, na ki pratyakSa / donoM pakSoMmeM AkSepa aura samAdhAna tulya haiN| mImAMsakoMkA kahanA hai ki jJAnako karmarUpase pratIti nahIM hotI, isalie vaha parokSa hai| so dekhanA yaha hai ki samasta pramANoMkI apekSA jJAnakI karmarUpase pratIti nahIM hotI athavA svarUpakI apekSA karmarUpase pratIti nahIM hotI ? prathamapakSameM to jJAnakA astitva hI durlabha ho jAyegA; kyoMki jo samasta pramANoMkI 1. nyA0 ku0, pR0 176-180 / prameya ka0 mA0, pR0 121-128 /
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________________ 93 apekSA karma nahIM hai, arthAt jo kisI bhI pramANakA viSaya nahIM hai, vaha sat bhI nahIM hai, jaise gadheke sIMga / ataH jJAnako pratyakSa na honepara bhI pramANAntarase jJAnakI pratIti mAnanI caahie| aura usake mAnanepara 'jJAnako karmarUpase pratIti nahIM hotI' yaha bAta asiddha ho jAtI hai / zAyada kahA jAye ki pramANAntarase jJAnakI pratIti to hotI hai, kintu vaha karma nahIM hai / kintu aisA kahanA bhI yukta nahIM hai; kyoMki jisakI pratIti hotI hai vaha 'karma na ho' yaha sambhava nahIM hai / pratIyamAnatAkA nAma hI grAhyatA hai, aura kisIke dvArA grAhya honA hI karma hai / isI taraha dUsarA pakSa bhI anubhavaviruddha honeke kAraNa ayukta hai| kyoMki 'ghaTAdiko grahaNa karanevAle jJAnase viziSTa AtmAkA maiM svayaM anubhava karatA hU~' yaha anubhava pratyeka vyaktiko hotA hai / aura isa anubhavase jJAnameM karmatAkI siddhi hotI hai / ataH jJAnameM karmatAkI asiddhi pratyakSa viruddha hai / pramANa tathA, yadi buddhi svasaMvedana pratyakSakA aviSaya hai to momAMsaka usakI sattA kaise siddha karate haiM - pratyakSa se athavA anumAnase / pratyakSa se buddhikI sattA siddha karanepara to unhIM ke matakI hAni hotI hai, kyoMki mImAMsaka yadi aisA mAnate to yaha carcA hI kyoM uThAyI jAtI / yadi anumAna pramANase vuddhikA astitva siddha karate haiM to anumAnakI utpatti liMgase hotI hai / kintu jJAnakA avinAbhAvI koI liMga (cihna) nahIM hai / yadi hai to vaha viSaya hai, indriya hai, mana hai athavA vijJAna hai ? viSaya, indriya aura mana to liMga ho nahIM sakate; kyoMki ye jJAnake hetu haiM inake honepara jJAna ho hI, aisA koI niyAmaka nahIM hai / ataH ye hetu vyabhicArI bhI ho sakate haiM / zAyada kahA jAye ki apratibaddha zaktivAle hetuko hI liMga mAnate haiM, isalie vyabhicAra sambhava nahIM hai / kintu yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki jaba ina hetuoMse honevAle jJAnarUpI kAryako hama dekha nahIM sakate taba una hetuoM kI apratibaddha zaktikA jJAna hameM kaise ho sakatA hai ? mImAMsaka - AkAza meM camakanevAlI bijalIke antima kSaNakA koI kArya dekhane meM nahIM AtA / phira bhI yaha hama jAnate haiM ki vaha kAryakA utpAdaka avazya hai ? jaina - ApakA kathana ThIka hai, jahA~ sajAtIya kAryako utpanna karane kI bAta hai, vahA~ aisA jJAna honA sambhava hai, kyoMki pUrva kSaNase uttara kSaNako utpatti avazya hotI hai, anyathA unako santAna avastu ho jaayegii| kintu jahA~ vijAtIya kAryako utpanna karanekI bAta hai, vahA~ isa prakArakA jJAna honA sambhava nahIM hai; 1. nyA0 vi0 vi0, pR0 208 //
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________________ 94 jaina nyAya kyoMki aise sthAnapara prAyaH vijAtIya kAryake abhAvameM bhI usake utpAdaka hetu raha sakate haiM / viSaya, indriya aura manakA jJAnako utpanna karanA eka vijAtIya kArya hai, ataH jJAnake viSaya meM ve apratihata zakti kaise ho sakate haiM ? ataH vyabhicArakI sambhAvanA honese jJAnake viSayameM viSayAdi liMga nahIM ho sakate / isake sivA jo jJAnako parokSa mAnatA hai, usako kabhI viSayAdikA pratyakSa ho nahIM sktaa| kyoMki jJAnakA bodha na hone para usake viSayakA bodha nahIM ho sakatA / akalaMkadevane kahA bhI hai "parokSajJAnaviSayaparicchedaH parokSavat // " 11 // -[ nyA0 vi0 ] aisI sthitimeM ve liMga kaise ho sakate haiM ? . ___ jJAna bhI liMga nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki parokSajJAnavAdI mImAMsakoMke lie vijJAna svayaM hI asiddha hai / aura asiddha liMga nahIM ho sktaa| isI bAtako akalaMka devane kahA hai-- "viSayendriya-vijJAna-manaskArAdilakSaNaH // 16 // aheturAtmasaMvitterasiddheya micArataH // " - [ nyA0 vi0 ] arthAt AtmajJAnake lie viSaya, indriya, jJAna, mana vagairaha hetu nahIM ho sakate kyoMki ye asiddha hai tathA vyabhicArI haiM / athavA jJAnakA anumAna karaneke lie yadi koI liMga mAna bhI liyA jAye to vijJAna aura usa liMgake avinAbhAva sambandhakA jJAna honA Avazyaka hai| usake binA usa liMgase parokSa buddhikA anumAna nahIM ho sktaa| kintu jJAnake parokSa hote hue usakA liMgake sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha jAnanA zakya nahIM hai| ataH anumAnase jJAnakA parijJAna mAnanevAle mImAMsakako jJAnakA pratyakSa mAnanA cAhie / jaisA ki akalaMka devane kahA hai-- "tAvatparatra zakto'yamanumAtuM kathaM dhiyam // 15 // yAvadAtmani tacceSTAsambandhaM na prapadyate / " - [ nyA0 vi0 ] arthAt jabataka yaha parokSajJAnavAdo mImAMsaka merI AtmAmeM vyavahAra Adi ceSTAe~ jJAnapUrvaka hotI hai, aisA pratyakSase nahIM jAnegA tabataka vaha dUsaroMmeM vyavahAra Adi ceSTAoMko dekhakara unake dvArA dUsaroMmeM buddhikA anumAna kaise kara sakatA hai ? isake atirikta jaba mImAMsaka AtmAkA pratyakSa mAnatA hai, taba usakI kriyAko sadA parokSa kaise mAna sakatA hai; kyoMki jaise svayaM prakAzamAna dIpakako prabhArUpa kriyA parokSa nahIM hotI, vaise hI svayaM prakAzamAna AtmAko jJAnarUpa
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________________ pramANa kriyA bhI parokSa nahIM ho sakatI / tathA, jJAna jaba utpanna hotA hai to svAnubhava viziSTa hI utpanna hotA hai aura artha usakA viSayabhUta hotA hai / tabhI to 'maiM arthako jAnatA hU~ aisI pratIti hotI hai / yadi jJAnako sarvadA anumeya mAnA jAyegA to yaha pratIti nahIM ho sakatI / ataH jJAnako parokSa na mAnakara svayaMvidrUpa hI mAnanA ucita hai / 95 jJAnAntaravedya jJAnavAda pUrvapakSa - naiyAyika kA mantavya hai ki jJAnako svasaMvidita mAnanA ayukta hai; jJAnako to dUsarA jJAna hI jAnatA hai; jaise ghaTa vagairaha prameya honese jJAnake dvArA hI jAnA jAtA hai / zAyada yaha Apatti dI jAye ki IzvarakA jJAna bhI prameya hai, kintu vaha jJAnAntaravedya nahIM hai, ataH usase ukta kathana meM doSa AyegA / kintu aisA kahanA samucita nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha carcA hama logoM ke jJAna ke viSaya meM haiM, IzvarajJAnake viSayameM nahIM hai / IzvarakA jJAna hama logoMke jJAnase viziSTa hai / viziSTa meM jo dharma pAyA jAtA hai, use sAdhAraNa jJAnameM bhI mAnanA buddhimAnI nahIM hai / ataH IzvarakA jJAna to apaneko svayaM hI jAna letA hai, kintu hamAre jJAnako usake anantara honevAlA dUsarA jJAna jAnatA hai / zAyada yaha Apatti kI jAye ki yadi arthajJAna aura usakA jJAna kramase utpanna hote haiN| to usI kramase unakA anubhava honA cAhie ? kintu yaha Apatti ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki yadyapi ye donoM jJAna kramase hI hote haiM phira bhI ye donoM sau kamalake pattoMko Upara-nIce rakhakara eka sAtha vedhanekI taraha itanI jaldI hote haiM ki usameM bhedakI pratIti nahIM ho pAtI / zAyada kahA jAye ki yadi arthajJAnakA pratyakSa dUsare jJAnase hotA hai to usa dUsare jJAnakA pratyakSa tIsarese hogA aura tIsarekA pratyakSa cauthese hogA / isa taraha anavasthA ho jAyegI / kintu yaha kathana bhI Thoka nahIM hai; kyoMki arthajJAnakA dUsare jJAnase aura dUsarekA tIsare jJAnase pratyakSa ho jAnese kAma ho jAtA hai, phira cauthe Adi jJAnoMko kalpanA nirarthaka honese anavasthA sambhava nahIM hotI / arthakI jijJAsA honepara arthakA jJAna utpanna ho jAtA hai aura jJAnako jijJAsA honepara jJAnakA jJAna utpanna ho jAtA hai / yaha bAta pratIti siddha hai / isake viruddha jo loga jJAnako svasaMvidita mAnate haiM unase hama pUchate haiM ki svasaMvedanase kyA matalaba hai -- 'sva' ke dvArA saMvedanakA nAma svasaMvedana 1. nyA0 ku0, pR0 181 / vidhivi0 nyAyakaNi0, pR0 267 / prazasta0 vyoma0 pR0 526 /
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________________ jaina nyAya hai athavA svakoyake dvArA saMvedanakA nAma svasaMvedana hai ? yadi svakIyake dvArA saMvedanako svasaMvedana kahate ho taba to hameM usameM koI Apatti nahIM hai; kyoMki svakIya uttara jJAnake dvArA pUrvajJAnakA saMvedana hotA hai, yaha hama mAnate hI haiN| hA~, yadi 'jJAna svayaM hI apaneko jAnatA hai' yaha svasaMvedanase matalaba hai, taba to vaha ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki svayaM apane meM hI kriyAke hone meM virodha hai / kaisI hI tIkSNa talavAra ho, kyA vaha svayaM apane ko hI kATa sakatI hai ? kaisA hI suzikSita naTa ho, kyA vaha svayaM apane kandhepara car3ha sakatA hai ? ata: 'jJAna svaprakAzaka hai; kyoMki vaha arthakA prakAzaka hai, jaise dIpaka' jainoMkA yaha kathana ayukta hai| - uttara pakSa-naiyAyikakA kahanA hai ki hama logoMke jJAnako ho jJAnAntaravedya mAnate haiM, Izvara jJAnako nhiiN| to isapara prazna yaha hai ki IzvarakA jJAna svasaM vidita hai, yaha Apa kisI yuktike AdhAra para mAnate haiM athavA yoM hI mAnate haiM ? yadi yoM hI mAnate haiM taba to sabhI dArzanikoM ke abhimata yoM hI siddha ho jAyeMge phira unameM vivAda uThAnA hI vyartha hai| yadi yuktike AdhArapara Izvarake jJAnako svasaMvidita mAnate haiM to vaha yukti kyA hai-IzvarakA jJAna arthako grahaNa karatA hai isIlie vaha svasaMvidita hai athavA jJAna hone se vaha svasaMvidita hai ? ye donoM bAteM hama logoMke jJAna meM bhI pAyI jAtI haiM, ataH yA to donoMko ho svasaMvidita mAnanA cAhie yA phira kisIko bhI svasaMvidita nahIM mAnanA caahie| naiyA-I rakA jJAna hamAre jJAna se viziSTa hai / ataH vahI svasaMvidita hai, hamArA jJAna nhiiN| viziSTa vastuke dharmako sAdhAraNa vastu meM mAnanA buddhimAnI nahIM hai ? jaina-taba to jJAnapanA aura arthagrahaNapanA bhI IzvarajJAnameM pAyA jAtA hai ataH hamAre jJAna meM unakA bhI niSedha karanA pdd'egaa| naiyA0-ina donoM dharmoM ke abhAvameM to koI jJAna jJAna ho nahIM rahegA; kyoMki jJAnapanA aura arthagrAhakapanA to jJAna ke svabhAva haiM ? jaina-jaise ina donoM dharmoke abhAvameM jJAna jJAna nahIM raha sakatA vaise hI svasaMvidita svabhAvake abhAvameM bhI jJAna jJAna nahIM raha sakatA, vaha bhI jJAnakA svabhAva hI hai| jaise IzvarajJAna meM jJAnatva aura artha grAhakatva dharmoMkI taraha svasaMviditatvake bhI binA jJAnapanA nahIM hai vaise hI hama logoMke jJAnoMmeM bhI svasaM. 1. nyA0 ku0, pR0 183 / prameyaka0 mA0, pR0 132-146 /
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________________ pramANa vidita mAne binA jJAnapanA nahIM bana sakatA / koI bhI svabhAva ekadezavartI nahIM hotA / jaise prakAzakA svabhAva sva aura parakA prakAzana karanA haiM, usameM yaha bheda nahIM hai ki sUrya prakAza meM to yaha svabhAva ho aura dIpaka ke prakAzameM na ho / donoMmeM hI svaparaprakAzakapanA samAna rUpase pAyA jAtA hai / naiyA0 - yadi IzvarajJAnakI taraha hama logoMkA jJAna bhI svaparavyavasAyI hai to usI taraha vaha samasta padArthoM kA jJAtA bhI ho jAyegA ? usake binA jaina - yaha Apatti anucita hai / jaise dIpaka sUryakI taraha svaparaprakAzaka hote hue bhI samasta padArthoM kA prakAzana nahIM karatA; kintu apane yogya niyata dezavartI padArthoM kA hI prakAzana karatA hai, vaise hI hama logoM kA jJAna IzvarajJAnakI taraha svaparavyavasAya hote hue bhI apane yogya padArthako hI jAnatA hai / saba jJAnoMkI yogyatA apane-apane jJAnAvaraNa karmake kSayopazamake anusAra hotI hai / jJAnoM meM viSayagrahaNa meM jo tAratamya pAyA jAtA hai, vaha nahIM banatA / ataH svayaMviditatvako lekara IzvarajJAna aura hama logoMke jJAnameM bheda nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / jaise 'yaha nIla hai' isa ullekhase arthakA grahaNa hotA hai vaise hI 'maiM' isa ullekha se AtmAkA grahaNa hotA hai / nIlajJAnase AtmajJAna bhinna kAlameM nahIM hotA / jisa samaya nIlakA jJAna hotA hai usI kSaNa meM spaSTa rUpase AtmasaMvedana bhI hotA hai | ataH arthasaMvedana AtmasaMvedanase bhinna nahIM hai isalie arthakA saMvedana honepara AtmasaMvedana bhI tatkAla ho jAtA hai / ataH 'arthajJAnako uttarajJAna jAnatA hai' yaha mAnyatA galata hai / kyoMki 'pahale arthajJAna hotA hai aura pIche usa jJAnakA jJAna hotA hai, isa prakArakI pratItikA anubhava nahIM hotaa| kahA gayA hai ki jaise kamalake sau pattoMko Upara nIce rakhakara suIse chedanepara kAlakA antara pratIta nahIM hotA vaise hI yahA~ bhI antara pratIta nahIM hotA / kintu yaha kathana saMgata nahIM hai / kamala ke patte to mUrtika haiM / ataH eka puruSa dvArA mUrtika sUIse mUrtika pattoMkA cheda to kramase hI ho sakatA hai| kintu AtmA to amUrtika hai, svapara prakAzana svabhAvavAlA hai, aprApta arthakA bhI prakAzaka hai / vaha yadi eka sAtha apanA aura viSayakA prakAzana karatA hai to usameM kyA virodha hai ? naiyA0 - svAtmAmeM kriyAkA virodha hai / o 97 jaina - svAtmA meM jJAnakI kisa kriyAkA virodha hai -- utpattirUpa kriyAkA virodha hai, athavA halana calana rUpa kriyAkA athavA dhAtvartharUpa kriyAkA athavA jAnane rUpa kriyAkA ? yadi utpatti rUpa kriyAkA virodha hai to ho, kyoMki hama yaha nahIM mAnate ki jJAna svayaM apaneko utpanna karatA hai ? usakI utpatti to apanI sAmagrI se hotI hai / 13
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________________ 98 . jaina nyAya isI taraha halana calana rUpa kriyA bhI hama jJAna meM nahIM mAnate; kyoMki aisI kriyA to dravyameM hotI hai| dhAtvartha rUpa kriyA do prakArakI hotI hai--akarmaka aura sakarmaka / inameM se akarmaka kriyA to svAtmAmeM hotI hI hai--jaise 'vRkSa khar3A hai'| yahA~ 'khar3A' rUpa kriyAkA kartA vRkSa hai, usI meM yaha kriyA vidyamAna hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki isameM hameM koI virodha nahIM hai; kyoMki vaisI pratIti hotI hai, to 'jJAna prakAzita hotA hai' yahA~ bhI pratIti honese koI virodha nahIM honA caahie| naiyA0---'jJAna apaneko jAnatA hai' yaha sakarmaka kriyA svAtmAmeM nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki kartAse karma judA hotA hai ? jaina--taba to 'AtmA apanA ghAta karatA hai' 'dIpaka apanA prakAzana karatA hai' ityAdimeM virodha upasthita hogaa| isI taraha jAnane rUpa kriyAkA svAtmAmeM virodha nahIM hai yaha bhI samajha lenA cAhie / svarUpake sAtha kisIkA virodha nahIM ho sakatA, anyathA dIpakakA bhI svaparaprakAzakatva rUpa apane svabhAvake sAtha virodha mAnanA pdd'egaa| ataH jaise dIpaka apane kAraNoMse svaparaprakAzana svabhAvako lekara utpanna hotA hai vaise hI jJAna bho svaparavyavasAyI hokara hI janma letA hai| isake viparIta yadi yahI mAnA jAyegA ki pUrva jJAnako uttara jJAna jAnatA hai to jJAnake utpanna karane meM hI mana lagA rahegA, ataH na kabhI arthakA jJAna ho pAyegA aura na arthajJAnakA; kyoMki arthajJAna-jJAnake apratyakSa honepara arthajJAnakA aura arthajJAnake apratyakSa honepara arthakA pratyakSa ho nahIM sakatA, anyathA dUsare manuSyake jJAnase bhI arthakA pratyakSa ho jAyegA; kyoMki hamAre lie jaise apanA jJAna pratyakSa nahIM hai, vaise hI dUsaroMkA jJAna bhI pratyakSa nahIM hai| naiyA0--arthakI jijJAsA honepara arthakA jJAna utpanna hotA hai aura jJAnakI jijJAsA honepara jJAnakA / ataH anavasthA doSa nahIM AtA ? jaina--jijJAsAse jJAnakI utpatti nahIM hotii| ghor3eke abhAvameM ghor3eko dekhanekI icchA hone para bhI ghor3ekA darzana nahIM hotA aura sAmane gauke A jAnepara gauko dekhanekI icchA na hote hae bhI gaukA darzana ho jAtA hai| tathA jJAnako jJAnAntarake dvArA grAhya mAnanepara jJAna ajJAna ho jAyegA, jaise prakAzake lie prakAzAntarakI apekSA honepara vaha prakAza na kahA jAkara aprakAza hI kahA jAyegA / kyoMki apanI siddhi meM jo parakI apekSA karatA hai vahI to jar3a hai, anyathA phira jar3a aura ajar3ameM bheda hI kyA rhegaa| ataH jJAnako jJAnAntaravedya na mAnakara svasaMvidita ho mAnanA ucita hai /
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________________ pramANa jJAnakA acetanatva pUrvapakSa sAMkhyakA mata hai ki ghaTa-paTakI taraha jJAna bhI acetana hai; kyoMki vaha bhI pradhAnakA hI pariNAma hai / jo cetana hotA hai vaha pradhAnakA pariNAma nahIM hotA, jaise AtmA / kintu jJAna pradhAnakA pariNAma hai / sAMkhya darzana meM kahA hai ki jaba pradhAna nAmakA tattva jagatkI racanAmeM lagatA hai to sabase prathama usase eka vyApaka 'mahAna' tattvakA janma hotA hai / yaha mahAn nAmakA tattva viSayoMkA adhyavasAya karAtA hai / yaha pralayakAla paryanta sthAyI hotA hai / isa tattvako hama nahIM jAna sakate / isa tattvase pratyeka prANIkI buddhi niHsRta hotI hai / ye buddhiyA~ dUsare pramANoMke dvArA jAnI jAtI haiM / cU~ki buddhi jar3a hai, ataH usameM jJAnakA udaya nahIM ho sakatA / isalie akele na to puruSameM aura na buddhimeM anubhavakI upalabdhi hotI hai; kintu donoMke melase hotI hai / jaba indriyA~ padArthoMko buddhike sAmane upasthita karatI haiM to buddhi usa padArthake AkArako dhAraNa kara letI hai / itane para bhI tabataka anubhavakA udaya nahIM hotA jabataka buddhimeM cetana puruSakA pratibimba nahIM par3atA / buddhi meM pratibimbita puruSakA padArthoMse samparka honekA nAma hI jJAna hai / jabataka darpaNa ke tulya buddhi meM padArthakA AkAra saMkrAnta nahIM hotA tabataka puruSako usakA bhAna nahIM hotaa| kahA bhI hai- 'buddhayadhyavasitamarthaM puruSazcetayate / ' -- arthAt buddhimeM pratibimbita arthakA anubhava puruSa karatA hai / yaha anubhava buddhi tathA puruSake saMyogakA pariNAma hai / jaise lohekA golA aura Aga pRthak-pRthak haiM kintu jaba lohekA golA agnirUpa ho jAtA hai to mUr3ha puruSa unheM ( agni aura goleko ) eka samajha letA hai / vaise hI buddhi aura caitanya pRthak-pRthak haiM, kintu acetana bhI buddhi cetanake saMsargase cetanakI taraha pratIta hotI hai / buddhike acetana hone se usameM padArthakI upasthiti honepara jo jJAna sukha Adi utpanna hote haiM ve bhI acetana hI haiM / ataH acetana jJAna svasaMvidita nahIM ho sakatA / uttara pakSa-jainoM kA kahanA hai ki jJAna jar3akA dharma nahIM hai, vaha to AtmAkA dharma hai / AtmA jJAna pariNAmavAlA hai, cUMki vaha draSTA hai / jo jJAna pariNAmavAlA nahIM hotA vaha draSTA bhI nahIM hotA, jaise ghara vagairaha / cU~ki AtmA draSTA hai, ataH vaha jJAnapariNAmatrAlA hai / 1. nyA0 ku0, pR0 186 | sAMkhyakA0 22 / sAMkhya pra0 bhA0 1 / 71 / 2. sAMkhyakA0 36-37 / sAMkhya pra0 bhA0 1 / 87 / 3. nyA0 ku0, pR0 161 / prameyaka0 mA0 68-103 / 99
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________________ 100 jaina nyAya sAMkhya-yadi anitya jJAnako AtmAkA pariNAma mAnA jAyegA to AtmA anitya tthhregaa| jaina-yadi anitya jJAnako pradhAnakA pariNAma mAnA jAyegA to pradhAna bhI anitya ho jaayegaa| sAMkhya-vyakta aura avyakta pradhAnameM abheda honepara bhI vyakta pradhAna hI anitya hai, kyoMki vaha pariNAma rUpa hai, avyakta pradhAna anitya nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha pariNAmI hai ? jaina-to jJAna aura AtmAmeM abheda honepara bhI jJAna hI anitya hai, kyoMki vaha pariNAma hai / AtmA anitya nahIM hai; kyoMki vaha pariNAmI hai| yadi AtmAko apariNAmI mAnA jAyegA to vaha arthakriyAkArI nahIM ho sakatI aura arthakriyAkArI na honepara AtmAkA abhAva ho jAyegA; kyoMki arthakriyAkAritva hI vastutvakA lakSaNa hai| buddhiko pralaya kAla taka sthAyI aura vyApI mAnanA bhI asaMgata hai; kyoMki vaha pradhAnakA pariNAma hai| jaise paTa pradhAnakA pariNAma honepara bhI na to vyApI hai aura na pralayakAla taka sthAyI hai, vaise hI buddhiko bhI mAnanA cAhie / zAyada kahA jAye ki AkAza pradhAnakA pariNAma honepara bhI vyApaka aura syAyI hai, isI taraha buddhi bhI hai| kintu aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki AkAza bhI pradhAnakA pariNAma nahIM hai| yadi use bhI pradhAnakA pariNAma mAnA jAyegA to vaha bhI vyApaka aura sthAyI nahIM ho sktaa| sAMkhya-pradhAnakA pariNAma honepara bhI koI pariNAma to vyApaka aura pralayakAla taka sthAyI hotA hai aura koI nahIM hotaa| jaina-to pradhAna kA pariNAma honepara bhI jJAnako svasaMvidita aura ghaTAdiko asvasaMvidita kyoM nahIM mAna lete ? tathA, yaha buddhi rUpa pariNAma pahale-pahale prakRtise kaise hotA hai ? yadi svabhAvase hI hotA hai to jo svAbhAvika hotA hai, vaha anitya nahIM ho sktaa| ataH buddhirUpa pariNAma sadA sthAyo rahegA; kyoMki svabhAva sadA rahatA hai| sAMkhya-'mujhe AtmAke lie bhogakA sampAdana karanA cAhie' isa bhAvase prakRti 'mahat' Adi rUpase pariNamana karatI hai ? jaina-prakRti to jar3a hai| usameM isa prakArakA anusandhAna nahIM ho sktaa| buddhivRttike utpanna honepara aura usameM cetanakI chAyAke par3anepara hI anusandhAna
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________________ pramANa hotA hai| sRSTikAlake Arambha meM 'maiM puruSake lie pravRtta hoU' yaha anusandhAna kise hogA; kyoMki prakRti jar3a hai aura puruSa usa samaya taka abhilASAse zUnya hai / isake sivA jaise darpaNa meM mukha pratibimbita hotA hai vaise hI puruSakA buddhimeM pratibimbita honA hI cicchAyAsaMkrAnti kahalAtA hai / kintu vyApaka padArtha kisI meM pratibimbita nahIM ho sakatA, jaise AkAza / usI taraha AtmA bhI sAMkhyadarzana meM vyApaka hai | ataH usakA buddhimeM pratibimbita honA sambhava nahIM hai / mukha asvaccha hotA hai aura darpaNa svaccha hotA hai, ataH mukhakA darpaNa meM pratibimbita honA ucita hai / kintu buddhi to triguNAtmaka honese atyanta malina hai aura puruSa atyanta nirmala hai / taba puruSa buddhi meM pratibimbita kaise ho sakatA hai ? yadi hotA bhI ho to hama use jAna kaise sakate haiM ? yadi jAna leM to prakRti aura puruSakA bheda jJAna hone se saba sadA ke lie mukta ho jAyeMge / 101 Upara kahA gayA hai ki cetanake saMsargase acetana buddhi bhI cetanakI taraha pratIta hotI hai so yahA~ saMsarga zabdakA kyA artha hai - buddhimeM cetanakA pratibimbita honA athavA prakRtikA bhogya aura puruSakA bhoktA honA ? prathama pakSakI AlocanA Upara kI jA cukI hai| dUsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki puruSa nirabhilASa hai / puruSa ke nirabhilASa honepara prakRtikI yogyatA aura puruSakI bhoktRtA nahIM banatI kyoMki sukha-duHkhakI anubhUti rUpa bhogake abhAva meM bhogya aura bhoktApanA nahIM hotA / buddhi aura caitanya ke lie agni aura loheke golekA dRSTAnta bhI upayukta nahIM hai / agni aura lohe ke gole meM bhI paraspara meM bheda nahIM hai; kyoMki lohekA golA AgameM par3akara apane pUrvarUpako chor3a detA hai aura viziSTa rUpaM tathA sparzako dhAraNa karake agnirUpa pariNata ho jAtA hai / isI taraha yahA~ bhI eka svaparaprakAzaka vastukA anubhava hotA hai / usameM kisI dUsarekA sadbhA nahIM mAnanA cAhie / caitanya, buddhi, avyavasAya, jJAna, saMvitti ye saba eka hI saMvidrUpakI paryAya haiM / ataH buddhi ora caitanyako judA mAnakara jJAnako asvasaMvidita mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / isa taraha jaina darzanameM jJAna caitanyasvarUpa hai / ataH vaha jaise bAhya padArtha ke unmukha honepara bAhya arthako grahaNa karatA hai vaise hI apane unmukha honepara apaneko bhI grahaNa karatA hai / yadi aisA na ho to 'maiM ghaTa ko jAnatA hU~' isa prakAra - kI pratIti nahIM ho sakatI / bhalA kauna aisA samajhadAra vyakti hai, jo jJAnake dvArA pratibhAsita padArthakA pratyakSa honA to mAne aura jJAnakA pratyakSa na mAne ? jaise prakAzakA pratyakSa hue binA usake dvArA prakAzita arthakA pratyakSa nahIM ho
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________________ 102 jaina nyAya sakatA vaise hI pramANakA pratyakSa hue binA usake dvArA pratibhAsita arthakA pratyakSa nahIM ho sakatA / ata: jaina darzanameM svaparaprakAzaka jJAna hI pramANa hai| prAmANya-vicAra pramANake svarUpakA vicAra karate samaya dArzanikoMmeM yaha bhI vicAra kiyA jAtA hai ki pramANameM jo prAmANya hai vaha kaise utpanna hotA hai aura yaha kaise patA calatA hai ki amuka jJAna pramANa hai aura amuka jJAna apramANa hai ? arthAt prAmANya ko utpatti aura jJapti svataH hotI hai yA parataH hotI hai ? pUrvapakSa-mImAMsaka svataHprAmANyavAdI hai usakA kahanA hai-pramANakI arthako jAnanerUpa zaktiko athavA arthake jAnanerUpa kriyAko prAmANya kahate haiM / vaha prAmANya jJAnamAtrako utpanna karanevAlI sAmagrIse hI utpanna hotA hai / usake lie usa sAmagrIke atirikta anya kisIkI AvazyakatA nahIM pdd'tii| isIkA nAma svataHprAmANya hai| tathA, arthako jyoMkA tyoM jAna leneko zaktikA nAma prAmANya hai| aura zaktiyA~ padArthoM meM svataH hI prakaTa hotI haiM, ve utpAdaka kAraNoMke adhIna nahIM haiN| kahA bhI hai "svataH sarvapramANAnAM prAmANyamiti gamyatAm / na hi svato'satI zaktiH kartumanyena pAryate // " [mImAM0 zlo0 2-47 ] arthAta-saba pramANoMkA prAmANya svataH hI hotA hai, kyoMki jo zakti svayaM avidyamAna hai, use koI dUsarA utpanna nahIM kara sktaa| Azaya yaha hai ki kAryameM vartamAna jo dharma kAraNameM rahatA hai, vaha kAryakI taraha usa kAraNase hI utpanna hotA hai| jaise miTTIke piNDameM vidyamAna rUpa Adi usase utpanna honevAle ghaTameM bhI pAye jAte haiM / ve miTToke piNDase hI ghaTameM Ate hai| kintu jo dharma kAryameM pAye jAyeM aura kAraNameM na pAye jAyeM, ve dharma kAraNase utpanna nahIM hote, kintu svataH hI hote haiN| jaise ghaTameM pAnI bharakara lAnekI zakti hai / yaha zakti miTTIke piNDameM nahIM hai / ataH yaha zakti ghaTameM svayaM prakaTa hotI hai| isI taraha jJAnameM bhI arthako jyoMkA tyoM jAnanekI zakti hai| yaha zakti jJAnako utpanna karanevAle cakSu Adi kAraNoMmeM nahIM pAyI jAtI, ataH yaha unase utpanna na hokara svayaM prakaTa hotI hai / kahA bhI hai
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________________ 103 pramANa __103 "AtmalAbhe hi bhAvAnAM kAraNApekSitA bhavet / labdhAtmanAM svakAryeSu pravRttiH svayameva tu // " [momAM0 zlo0 2-48 ] arthAt-padArthoke utpanna honemeM hI kAraNoMkI apekSA hotI hai| jaba ve utpanna ho jAte haiM, taba apane-apane kAryoMmeM svayaM hI pravRtti karane lagate haiM / ataH prAmANyakI utpattimeM guNa vagairahakI apekSA nahIM hotI / isI taraha arthako jAnanerUpa jo pramANakA kArya hai, usameM bhI prAmANya grahaNakI apekSA nahIM hai; kyoMki pramANake prAmANyakA grahaNa kiye binA bhI usase arthakA bodha ho jAtA hai| kintu yadi saMvAdaka jJAnase, athavA guNoMke jJAnase, athavA arthakriyAke jJAnase pramANa ke prAmANyakA nizcaya kiyA jAyegA to anavasthA Adi aneka doSa aayeNge| kyoMki ukta jJAnoMke dvArA prathama jJAnameM prAmANyakA nizcaya karanepara una jJAnoMke prAmANyakA nizcaya anya saMvAdajJAna, guNajJAna aura arthakriyAke jJAnase karanA hogaa| yadi saMvAdajJAna, guNajJAna aura arthakriyAjJAnake prAmANyakA nizcaya anya saMvAdajJAna vagairahake binA svataH hI ho jAtA hai to prathama jJAnake prAmANyakA nizcaya bhI svataH hI karane meM kyoM Apatti hai ? ataH prAmANya svataH hI hotA hai| 'aprAmANya parataH hotA hai; kyoMki aprAmANyakI utpatti jJAna sAmAnyake utpAdaka kAraNoMke atirikta doSa nAmaka kAraNase hotI hai, cakSa vagairahameM doSake honese hI jJAna apramANa hotA hai| apramANake tIna bheda haiM-saMzaya, viparyaya aura ajJAna / inameM se ajJAna to jJAnAbhAva svarUpa hai, ataH vaha svayaM hI hotA hai, usameM kisIkI apekSA nahIM hai| saMzaya aura viparIta jJAnake hone meM jJAtAkA bhUkhA Adi honA, manakA asthira honA, indriyoMmeM kharAbI honA tathA padArthakA caMcala Adi honA, ye saba doSa yathAsambhava kAraNa hote haiM / tathA jaise pramANakA kArya apane viSayameM pravRtti karAnA hai, vaise hI apramANakA kArya apane viSayase nivRtti karAnA hai| kintu jabataka jJAtAko yaha jJAta nahIM ho jAtA ki yaha jJAna apramANa hai tabataka vaha usake viSayase nivRtta nahIM hotaa| ata: aprAmANyakI utpattikI taraha usakI jJapti bho parataH hI hotI hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki jaise aprAmANyako utpatti doSoMke kAraNa hotI hai vaise ho prAmANya kI utpatti bhI guNoM ke kAraNa hotI hai, ataH prAmANya bhI parataH hotA hai| kintu aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki prathama to guNa hI asiddha haiM - 1. mI0 zlo0, sUtra 2 /
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________________ jaina nyAya " aura yadi ve hoM bhI to ve prAmANyakI utpatti meM kucha bhI nahIM krte| unakA kAma to doSoM ko dUra karanA mAtra hai / padArthoMkA svarUpa hI aisA hai ki ve jaba utpanna hote haiM to apane pratipakSIko haTAkara hI utpanna hote haiM / guNa doSoMke pratipakSI haiM, ataH guNoMke dvArA doSoMke dUra ho jAnepara jaba kAraNa svayaM hI vyApAra karate haiM to pramANa jJAnako hI utpanna karate haiM / yadi jJAnake utpanna honepara bhI usameM svayaM apanA kArya karanekI zakti nahIM AtI, to yahI kahanA hogA ki jJAna utpanna hI nahIM huA / kyA yaha bAta pratIti viruddha nahIM hai ki agni jaba utpanna hotI hai to aprakAzaka hotI hai pIche usameM anya kAraNoM se prakAzakapanA Adi dharma lAye jAte haiM ? 104 pramANabhUta jJAnako utpanna karane meM guNoMkA hAtha hai aisA mAna bhI liyA jAye, phira bhI prAmANya parataH nahIM hotA; kyoMki prAmANyakA matalaba hai, 'bodhakapanA' vaha bodhakapanA yadi jJAnake janmake sAtha hI usameM A jAtA hai to prAmANya svataH hI huA kahalAyA / isa prakAra sabhI jJAnoMmeM bodhakatva rUpa prAmANya svabhAvase hI hotA hai / kintu unameM se jo jJAna duSTa kAraNase utpanna hotA hai aura jisake mithyA honekA pratyaya ho jAtA hai vaha jJAna apramANa kahA jAtA hai / ataH aprAmANya kA nizcaya parataH hI hotA hai / yaha mImAMsakakA mata hai / uttara pakSa - jaina darzana mImAMsakake isa matako ThIka nahIM mAnatA / usakA kahanA hai-- mImAMsaka kahatA hai ki arthako jAnanekI zaktikA nAma prAmANya hai, to kyA arthamAtrako jAnane kI zaktikA nAma prAmANya hai athavA jaisA artha hai usI rUpa meM use jAnane kI zaktikA nAma prAmANya hai ? prathama pakSa meM saMzaya, viparyaya Adi mithyA jJAnoMse vyabhicAra A jAyegA kyoMki ye jJAna apramANa haiM phira bhI artha - mAtrako jAnaneko zakti unameM bhI hai / dUsare pakSa meM prAmANya parataH siddha hotA hai; kyoMki jJAna sAmAnyako utpanna karanevAlI sAmagrIse yathArtha vastuko jAnane rUpa prAmANyakI utpatti nahIM hotI, kintu guNayukta sAmagrI se hI hotI hai / mImAM0- guNoMkI pratIti hI nahIM hotI, taba kaise prAmANyako utpatti guNoMse mAna lI jAye ? jaina - aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai| sabhI manuSyoMko guNoMkI pratIti hotI hai / cakSu AdimeM pAyI jAnevAlI nirmalatA Adi viSaya meM pAyI jAnevAlI , 1. mImAM0 zlo0, sUtra 2 / 2. zAbarabhA0 11 115 / 3. nyA0 ku0, pR0 167-204 / prameyaka0 mA0, pR0 146 - 176 //
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________________ pramANa 105 nikaTatA, nizcalatA Adi, manakI sthiratA Adi, jJAtAko svasthatA Adi aura prakAzakI spaSTatA Adi kyA guNa nahIM haiM ? mImAM0-nirmalatA Adi to cakSuke svarUpa hai, guNa nahIM hai| kyoMki cakSu nirmalatAke sAtha hI utpanna hotI hai, nirmalatAke binA nahIM hotii| jaina-taba to rUpAdiko bhI ghaTakA guNa na kahakara svarUpa kahA jAyegA; kyoMki ghaTa rUpAdi sahita hI utpanna hotA hai| tathA kAca, kAmala zrAdiko bhI doSa nahIM kahA jA sakegA; kyoMki jo puruSa janmase timirarogase grasta hotA hai usakI AMkheM kAca, kAmala Adi rogoMse yukta hI utpanna hotI haiN| kintu janmake sAtha utpanna honepara bhI loga rUpAdiko ghaTakA guNa aura kAca, kAmala Adiko cakSukA doSa hI mAnate haiN| tathA yadi mImAMsaka cakSu AdimeM guNa nahIM mAnate to usameM hInAdhikatAkA vyavahAra kyoM hotA hai ? amukakI indriyA~ teja hai, amukakI usase bhI teja haiM, aisA vyavahAra sarvatra dekhA jAtA hai| tathA jaba 'guNa' koI hai hI nahIM to 'guNoMse doSoMkA abhAva hotA hai' aisA kyoM kahA jAtA hai ? mImAM0-guNa nAmakI koI vastu nahIM hai, doSoMke abhAvamAtrako guNa kahA jAtA hai| jaina-isa tarahase to doSoMkA bhI abhAva ho jAyegA; kyoMki yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki guNake abhAvakA hI nAma doSa hai, doSa koI vastu nahIM hai / yadi nirmalatA guNa nahIM hai aura kevala malake abhAvakA nAma hai to loga use dekhakara aisA kyoM kahate haiM ki-'yaha AMkha guNavAn hai| aMjana vagairahake dvArA cakSumeM guNAtizaya lAnekA prayatna kiyA ho jAtA hai| yadi aMjanase cakSu meM guNAtizaya na hotA to vyAghra Adike netrake cUrNako A~kha meM A~janese ghora a~dherI rAtameM bhI dikhAI kaise detA aura jalajantu zizumArakI carbI A~janese jalake andarakI vastue~ kaise dikhAI detii| ____mImAM0-guNa haiM to, kintu ve doSoMko dUra kara dete haiM, basa itanA hI unakA kAma hai, prAmANya kI utpatti meM ve kucha bhI nahIM krte| ataH prAmANya svataH hotA hai| jaina-isa tarahase to aprAmANya bhI svataH ho jAyegA; kyoMki yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki doSa guNoMko dUra kara dete haiM aprAmANyako utpanna nahIM karate / ataH yA to donoMko svataH mAnanA cAhie yA donoMko parataH mAnanA caahie| ..
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________________ jaina nyAya hama aisA nahIM mAnate ki jaise vastra taiyAra honepara use raMga diyA jAtA hai, vaise hI jJAnake utpanna honepara pIchese usameM anya kAraNoMse prAmANya AtA hai / kyoMki aisA mAnanese to yaha doSa diyA jA sakatA hai ki jJAna to utpattike bAda bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai taba phira prAmANya kisameM AtA hai ? hamArA to kahanA hai ki jaise arthako kuchakA kucha jAnane rUpa aprAmANya apanI sAmagrIse utpanna hotA hai vaise hI arthako jyoMkA tyoM jAnane rUpa prAmANya bhI apanI sAmagrIse hI utpanna hotA hai| yadi yaha mAna bhI liyA jAye ki pramANakA prAmANya svataH hotA hai to prazna yaha hai ki prAmANyakI utpatti svataH hotI hai, athavA jJapti svataH hotI hai, athavA svakArya meM pravRtti svata: hotI hai ? utpatti to svata: nahIM hotii| jJAnako utpanna karanevAle kAraNa-kalApase jude kAraNoMse ho prAmANya utpanna hotA hai, kyoMki pramANako utpanna karanevAle kAraNa-kalApoMke hote hue bhI prAmANya utpanna nahIM hotaa| tathA 'svataH'se ApakA abhiprAya kyA hai ? binA kAraNake svayaM hI prAmANya utpanna hotA hai yaha abhiprAya hai, athavA apanI sAmagrIse prAmANya utpanna hotA hai yaha abhiprAya hai| prathama abhiprAya to ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki aisA mAnanese to prAmANya nirhetuka ho jaayegaa| aura nirhetuka honese sadA sarvatra prAmANya pAyA jaayegaa| dUsare abhiprAyameM AtmIya sAmagrIse matalaba viziSTa sAmagrIse hai athavA jJAna sAmAnyako utpanna karanevAlI sAmagrIse hai ? yadi viziSTa sAmagrIse Apa prAmANyakI utpati mAnate haiM to hameM koI Apatti nahIM hai kyoMki sabhI padArtha apanIapanI viziSTa sAmagrIse utpanna hote haiN| kintu yadi jJAna-sAmAnyako utpanna karanevAlI sAmagrIse hI prAmANyakI utpatti mAnate haiM to saMzaya AdimeM bhI prAmANyakI utpatti hogI kyoMki vijJAna mAtrako utpanna karanevAlI sAmagrIse saMzaya Adi jJAna bhI utpanna hote haiN| mImA0-saMzaya Adi jJAna vijJAna mAtrako utpanna karanevAlI sAmagrIse utpanna na hokara kAca, kAmala Adi doSarUpa adhika sAmagrose utpanna hote haiM / jaina-to adhika kAraNoMke ho jAnese saMzaya AdimeM aprAmANya bhI bhale hI utpanna ho jAye, kintu prAmANya to avazya hI utpanna hogA; kyoMki vijJAna mAtrako utpanna karanevAlI sAmagrIse hI prAmANya utpanna hotA hai aura vaha sAmagrI saMzaya Adi jJAnameM bhI maujUda hai /
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________________ pramANa mImAM0 - doSarahita sAmagrIse hI prAmANyako utpatti hotI hai, doSasahitase nahIM / jaina - taba to prAmANyakI utpatti parataH hI huI; kyoMki vijJAnako utpanna karanevAle kAraNoMke atirikta doSAbhAvarUpa kAraNase prAmANya utpanna hotA hai / aura doSAbhAva vijJAna mAtrakI utpattikA kAraNa nahIM hai, kyoMki doSAbhAvake binA bhI mithyAjJAna hotA hai, kintu prAmANyakI utpatti meM doss| bhAva hI kAraNa hai, kyoMki doSAbhAva ke honepara prAmANya utpanna hotA hai aura usake nahIM honepara nahIM hotA / 107 tathA, eka prazna yaha hai ki doSa cakSu vagairaha meM kyA kara dete haiM, jisase unake honepara prAmANyakI utpatti nahIM hotI ? prAmANyako utpanna karanekI zaktiko naSTa kara dete 1 mImAM jaina - to cakSu AdikI jo zakti jJAna sAmAnyako utpanna karatI hai, kyA vahI prAmANyako bhI utpanna karatI hai, athavA anya zaktise prAmANya utpanna hotA hai ? yadi usIse prAmANya bhI utpanna hotA hai to usa zaktike naSTa ho jAnepara cakSuse jJAnamAtrakI utpatti nahIM honI caahie| yadi prAmANya anya zakti se utpanna hotA hai to prAmANya parataH kyoM nahIM huA kahalAyA / ataH prAmANyako utpatti svataH nahIM hotI / prAmANyakI jJapti bhI svataH nahIM hotI / jJaptikA artha hai jJAnake prAmANyakA nizcaya ki yaha jJAna pramANa hai / prAmANya kA nizcaya kadAcit hI hotA hai, ataH vaha binA nimittake nahIM ho sakatA / kyoMki jo kAdAcitka hotA hai, vaha binA nimittake nahIM hotA jaise ghara vagairaha / aura jisakA nizcaya kisI anya nimittase kiyA jAtA hai, vaha svataH kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? isI taraha pramANakI svakArya meM pravRtti bhI svataH nahIM hotI / kyoMki pramANakA kArya puruSakI pravRtti hai athavA arthakA pariccheda ( jAnanA ) hai ? inameM se pramANa puruSakI pravRtti meM hetu tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba usake prAmANyakA nizcaya ho jAye / jaise aprAmANya kA nizcaya ho jAnepara vaha nivRttimeM hetu hotA hai vaise hI prAmANyakA nizcaya ho jAnepara pramANa pravRtti meM hetu hotA hai / jo buddhimAn hote haiM ve AvazyakatA hone mAtra se hI kisI viSaya meM pravRtta nahIM hote haiM / jaise jarA aura mRtyu Adiko dUra karane kI sAmarthya rakhanevAlI mahauSadhi meM bhI, yadi isa bAtakA nirNaya na huA ho ki usameM amuka sAmarthya hai to kitanI hI AvazyakatA honepara bhI buddhimAn usakA sevana nahIM karate / ataH nizcaya ho jAnepara hI vastu
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________________ 108 jaina nyAya dharma pravRttimeM hetu huA karate haiN| isI taraha arthapariccheda rUpa svakAryameM bhI pramANako pravRtti binA prAmANyake nizcayake nahIM hotii| kyoMki pramANakA kArya arthakA bodha karA denA mAtra nahIM hai; kyoMki yaha kArya to apramANa jJAnase bhI ho jAtA hai / ataH vastukA yathArtha pariccheda karAnA pramANakA kArya hai / aura yaha kArya prAmANyakA nizcaya hae binA nahIM hotaa| kyoMki prathama to artha mAtrakA pariccheda hotA hai| isake bAda jaba prAmANyakA nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki yaha jJAna pramANa hai taba usakA pariccheda yathArtha mAnA jAtA hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki isa tarahase prAmANyakA nizcaya mAnanepara anavasthA Adi doSa AyeMge, kintu aisI bAta nahIM hai kyoMki abhyasta viSayameM prAmANyakA nizcaya svataH ho jAtA hai| jaise apane grAmake jisa jalAzayako hama janmase dekhate Ate haiM, aura usase pAnI lete haiM, usake jJAnake prAmANyakA nizcaya tatkAla hI ho jAtA hai| isI taraha abhyasta viSayameM yadi kahIM mithyA jJAna ho jAtA hai to usake aprAmANyakA nizcaya bhI tatkAla svataH ho jAtA hai| ataH abhyAsa dazAmeM prAmANya aura aprAmANyakA nizcaya svataH hotA hai aura anabhyAsa dazAmeM parataH hotA hai / kyoMki kisI aparicita jagaha meM jala jJAna honepara usake prAmANyakA nizcaya mer3hakoMkI 'Tara Tarra'se, athavA pAnI bharakara AnevAle strI-puruSoMse hotA hai, kyoMki ye bAteM pAnIke abhAvameM nahIM ho sktii| yahAM anavasthA doSakA bhaya bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki 'mer3hakoMkI Tarra Tarra' aura pAnI bharakara lAnevAle strI-puruSoMkA AvAgamana jalake avinAbhAvI haiM yaha saba jAnate haiM, ataH inake nizcayake lie kisI anya pramANako AvazyakatA nahIM hai| Upara mImAMsakane kahA hai ki bodhakatvakA nAma hI prAmANya hai| so bodhakatvase yadi 'arthamAtrakA bodhakatva' abhISTa hai, taba to mithyAjJAna bhI pramANa kahalAyegA; kyoMki mithyAjJAna bhI artha mAtrakA bodhaka hotA hai / mImAM0-jisa jJAna ke bAda usakA koI bAdhaka utpanna nahIM hotA vaha jJAna saccA hotA hai / mithyAjJAnameM to bAdhaka utpanna ho jAtA hai, jo batalAtA hai ki yaha jJAna mithyA hai / isIse hama aprAmANyako parataH mAnate haiN| jaina-yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki jaba Apa yaha mAnate haiM ki prAmANya jJAnake svarUpakA samakAlabhAvI hai taba parataH aprAmANyake lie avakAza hI phira aprAmANya se ApakA kyA matalaba hai-prAmANyake abhAvakA nAma aprAmANya hai, athavA aprAmANya koI vastubhUta dharma hai ? prathama pakSameM to prAmANyakA .
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________________ pramANa abhAva honese jJAnakA hI abhAva huA kahalAyA; kyoMki Apa jJAnatvako hI prAmANya mAnate haiM / dUsare pakSameM yaha batalAnA cAhie ki yadi aprAmANya vastubhUta dharma hai to vaha kyA hai ? yadi saMzaya aura viparyayakA nAma aprAmANya hai to ye donoM to jJAnAtmaka haiM aura jJAnatvako hI Apa prAmANya mAnate haiM / ataH ye donoM to aprAmANyarUpa ho nahIM skte| tathA jaba Apake matAnusAra sabhI jJAna Amataurase pramANa hI hote haiM to unameM saMzaya aura viparItapanA kaise AtA hai ? yadi vaha jJAna sAmAnyako utpanna karanevAle kAraNoMke sivA anya kAraNoMse AtA hai, to usI taraha yathArtha vastukA nizcaya svarUpa prAmANya bhI jJAna sAmAnyako utpanna karanevAle kAraNoMke sivA atirikta kAraNoMse hI mAnanA cAhie / sArAMza yaha hai ki jJAnapanA eka sAmAnya dharma hai jo pramANa jJAnameM bhI rahatA hai aura apramANa jJAnameM bhI rahatA hai| kintu prAmANya aura aprAmANya ye vizeSa dharma haiM jo jJAna mAtrameM nahIM rahate / jaba koI jJAna utpanna hotA hai to usake prAmANyakA aura aprAmANyakA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha jJAna saccA hai athavA jhUThA / pratidinakI vastuoMke jJAnako satyatA aura asatyatAkA nirNaya to svayaM hI tatkAla ho jAtA hai, kintu aparicita jagahameM jo vastujJAna hotA hai, isake prAmANya aura aprAmANyakA nizcaya anya kAraNoMse karanA par3atA hai| jaba jJAnake prAmANyakA nizcaya ho jAtA hai to AvazyakatAnusAra usake viSayameM pravRtti kI jAtI hai| yaha to huA prAmANyako jJapti (nizcaya ) ke viSayameM jaina darzanakA abhimata / aba prazna yaha hotA hai ki jJAna jo saccA yA jhUThA hotA hai so svayaM hI hotA hai yA anya kAraNoMse hotA hai / jaina darzanakA kahanA hai ki jaise jJAnake utpAdaka kAraNoMmeM doSa honese apramANa jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaise hI jJAnake utpAdaka kAraNoM meM guNa honese pramANa jJAna utpanna hotA hai| ataH jaise doSoMse utpanna honeke kAraNa aprAmANyakI utpatti parataH hotI hai vaise hI gaNoMse utpanna hone ke kAraNa prAmANyakI utpatti bhI parataH hI hotI hai| isa bAtako zvetAmbarAcArya devasUrine apane pramANanayatattvAloka nAmaka sUtra granthameM spaSTa rUpase nibaddha kiyA hai / yathA "tadubhayamutpattau parata eva jJaptau tu svataH paratazceti / 1-21 // " ---arthAt prAmANya aura aprAmANyakI utpatti parataH hI hotI hai| kintu jJapti svataH aura parataH hotI hai|
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________________ pamANake bheda jainetara darzanoMmeM mImAMsaka pramANake chaha bheda mAnatA hai-(1) pratyakSa, (2) anumAna, (3) zAbda ( Agama), (4) upamAna, (5) arthApatti aura (6) abhAva / naiyAyika cAra bheda mAnatA hai-(1) pratyakSa, (2) anumAna, (3) zAbda aura (4) upamAna / sAMkhya tIna bheda mAnatA hai-(1) pratyakSa, (2) anumAna aura (3) zAbda / vaizeSika aura bauddha do bheda mAnate haiM--(1) pratyakSa aura (2) anumAna / tathA cArvAka eka pratyakSa pramANa hI mAnatA hai| jaina sammata do bheda-jaina darzanameM pramANake do bheda kiye gaye haiM--eka pratyakSa aura dUsarA parokSa / pahale batAyA hai ki pramANako carcA dArzanika yugakI dena hai| isIse kundakundake pravacanasAra meM jJAna aura jJeyakI carcA honepara bhI pramANa aura prameya zabda nahIM milate / ataH kundakundane jJAnake hI do bheda kiye haiMpratyakSa aura parokSa / kintu kundakundakI hI paramparAmeM pravacanasArake pazcAt race gaye tattvArthasUtra nAmaka sUtra granthameM, jo sambhavatayA itara darzanoMke sUtragranthoMse prabhAvita hokara usa kamIkI pUtike uddezyase racA gayA thA, jJAna ko hI pramANabatalAkara, usake do bheda pratyakSa aura parokSa kiye haiM / yahIse jaina darzana meM pramANako carcAkA sUtrapAta huA hai / dArzanika yugake prabhAvase pahale jaina siddhAnta meM jJAnake pA~ca bheda pAye jAte hai-mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala / yahI maulika jaina paramparA hai; kyoMki prathama to ye bheda jaina paramparAke sivA anya kisI bhI paramparAmeM nahIM haiM, dUsare jaina karma siddhAntameM jJAnako DhA~kanevAle jJAnAvaraNa karmake bhI pA~ca bheda inhIM bhedoMko AdhAra mAnakara kiye gaye haiN| yathA-matijJAnAvaraNa, zrutajJAnAvaraNa, avadhijJAnAvaraNa, manaHparyayajJAnAvaraNa aura kevalajJAnAvaraNa / tattvArthasUtrameM bhI jJAnakI carcAko avatarita karate hue inhIM pA~ca bhedokA nirdeza karake pahale inheM pramANa batalAyA hai| phira pramANake pratyakSa aura parokSa bhedoMmeM una pAMcoM jJAnoMkA vibhAjana karate hue mati aura zrutako parokSa pramANa tathA zeSa tIna jJAnoMko pratyakSa pramANa batalAyA hai| yathA "matizrutAvadhimanaHparyayakevalAni jJAnam / 9 / tatpramANe / 10 /
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________________ pramANake bheda Adye parokSam / / pratyakSamanyat / 12 / " -arthAt mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala ye pAMca jJAna hI pramANa haiM / inameM-se Adike do jJAna parokSa haiM aura zeSa tIna jJAna pratyakSa haiN| isa taraha jJAnasambandhI prAcIna jaina paramparAko nibaddha karake sUtrakArane mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodha nAmaka jJAnoMko anarthAntara batalAyA / yathA "matiH smRtiH saMjJA cintA'minibodha ityanarthAntaram // 13 // " aura isa taraha unhoMne apane samayameM pracalita smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna pramANoMkA antarbhAva matijJAnameM karake jaina kSetrameM dArzanika pramANa paddhatiko sthAna diyaa| isa prakAra usa samaya taka pramANake bhedoMkI vyavasyA isa prakAra thI pramANa parokSa pratyakSa manaHparyaya kevala mati zruta avadhi ( smRti, saMjJA, cintA, abhinibodha ) avagraha, IhA, avAya, dhAraNA vaha samaya bhAratavarSake dArzanika abhyutthAnakA samaya thaa| dArzanika kSitijapara naye-naye sitAre ekake bAda eka ugate the aura apanI prabhAse darzanazAstrakA vikAsa karake asta ho jAte the| samantabhadra, siddhasena, vasubandhu, dignAga, dharmakIti, zabara, kumArila, vAtsyAyana, prazastapAda Adi pramukha dArzanikoMne bhAratako apane janmase pavitra kiyaa| unake pArasparika dArzanika saMgharSake phalasvarUpa sabhI darzanoMkA vikAsa huA aura nayI-nayo gutthiyoMko sulajhAnekA prayatna huaa| jaina paramparAmeM tattvArthasUtrakArane tArkika paramparAko matijJAnameM antarbhUta karake uttarAdhikAriyoM kA mArgadarzana to kiyA, kintu usase pramANa paddhatikI gutthiyAM nahIM sulajha skiiN| sabase sabala guttho thI indri yajanya jJAnako parokSa maannaa| kisI bhI dArzanikane indriyajanya jJAnako parokSa nahIM mAnA, saba use pratyakSa hI mAnate haiM / dUsarI gutthI thI parokSake bhedoMko lekara / jaina tArkikoMke sAmane dUsare
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________________ 112 jaina nyAya prativAdiyoM kI orase barAbara yaha prazna hotA thA ki jaina agara anumAna Adi darzanAntarameM prasiddha pramANoMko parokSa pramANa mAnate haiM to unheM spaSTa karanA cAhie ki ve parokSa pramANake kitane bheda mAnate haiM aura unakA sunizcita lakSaNa kyA hai ? akalaMkadevane bahuta hI sundara rItise pramANaviSayaka gutthiyoMko sarvadAke lie sulajhA diyaa| unhoMne apanI pramANa paddhatikA AdhAra to vahI rakhA jo tattvArthasUtrakArane apanAyA thaa| tattvArthasUtrake 'tatpramANe sUtrako Adarza mAnakara unhoMne bhI pramANake pratyakSa aura parokSa do hI bheda kiye, kintu pratyakSake sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa aura mukhya pratyakSa ye do bheda kiye, tathA indriya aura manakI sahAyatAse honevAle matijJAnako parokSako paridhimeM se nikAlakara tathA sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa nAma dekara pratyakSakI paridhimeM sammilita kara diyaa| isa parivartanase na to prAcIna jaina paramparAko hI koI kSati pahu~cI aura vipakSI dArzanikoMko bhI nuktAcInI karanekA sthAna nahIM rahA; kyoMki prAcIna jaina paramparA indriyoMse honevAle jJAnako parokSa kahatI thI aura itara dArzanika use pratyakSa kahate the / kintu use sAMvyavahArika arthAt laukika pratyakSa nAma de denese na to jaina paramparAko ho kSati thI aura na vipakSI dArzanika hI kucha kaha sakate the, kyoMki nAmake kAraNa hI vivAda thA, pratyakSa nAma de denese vaha vivAda jAtA rhaa| aba prazna rahA-smRti Adi prmaannoNkaa| inheM akalaMkadevane sAMvyavahArika pratyakSameM bhI antarbhUta kiyA aura parokSa zrutajJAnameM bhI antarbhUta kiyaa| jabataka inameM zabdakA saMsarga na ho tabataka to inheM sanyavahArika pratyakSa maanaa| isake lie unhoMne sAMvyavahArika pratyakSake do bheda kiye-indriya pratyakSa aura anindriya pratyakSa / indriya pratyakSameM to matiko sthAna milA aura anindriya pratyakSameM smRti Adiko, kyoMki unameM manakA hI pradhAna vyApAra hotA hai / parantu yadi ye smati Adi zabda saMsargako liye hue hoM to unakA antarbhAva parokSa zratajJAnameM kiyA gayA / ( zrutajJAnakI carcAmeM isapara vizeSa prakAza DAlA jaayegaa)| akalaMkane jo smRti Adi pramANoMko anindriya pratyakSa batalAyA, usake mUlameM unako kevala eka hI dRSTi thI aura vaha thI sUtrakArakA unheM matise anarthAntara . 1. 'kevalaM lokabuddhaya va mterlkssnnsNgrhH|-nyaayvi0, 3-475 / 2. 'jJAnamAyaM matiH saMzA cintA cAbhinibodhanam / prAGnAma yojanAccheSaM zrutaM zabdAnuyojanAt // 10 ||'-lghiiy0 /
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________________ pramANake bheda 113 batalAnA / ataH jaba matijJAnako indriyapratyakSa mAnA gayA to usake sahayogI smRti Adiko pratyakSa antargata lenA hI cAhie / kintu akalaMka devake granthoMke pramukha TokAkAra anantavIrya aura vidyAnandako smRti Adiko anindriya pratyakSa mAnanA abhISTa nahIM huA / vidyAnandane apanI pramANa parIkSA meM akalaMkake matAnusAra pratyakSa ke indriya pratyakSa, anindriya pratyakSa aura atIndriya pratyakSa bheda to kiye kintu avagrahase lekara dhAraNA paryanta jJAnako eka deza spaSTa honeke kAraNa indriyapratyakSa aura anindriyapratyakSa mAnA tathA smRti Adiko parokSa hI mAnA / uttarakAlIna jaina tAkikoMne bhI indriyajanya jJAnako to eka matase sAMvyavahArikapratyakSa mAnanA svIkAra kiyA kintu smRti Adiko kisIne bhI anindriya pratyakSa nahIM mAnA / aura akalaMka devane sUtrakArake matakI rakSA karaneke lie jo prayatna kiyA thA, vaha saphala nahIM ho sakA / kintu unakI zuddha tArkika pramANapaddhatiko sabane eka svarase apanAyA / mukhyameM avadhi Adi isa taraha akalaMkadeva ke pazcAt donoM jaina sampradAyoMke sabhI AcAryoMne apanI-apanI pramANaviSayaka racanAoMmeM kucha bhI phera phAra kiye binA eka hI rIti se akalaMkadeva ke dvArA kiye gaye jJAnake vargIkaraNako svIkAra kiyA hai / sabhIne pratyakSa ke mukhya aura sAMvyavahArika do bheda karake tIna jJAnoMko aura sAMvyavahArikameM matijJAnako liyA hai| tathA parokSake smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama ye pAMca bheda karake ukta pratyakSa ke sivAya aura saba prakAra ke jJAnoMko parokSake pA~ca bhedoM meM se kisI-na-kisI bhedameM garbhita kara liyA hai / jainadarzana meM pramANa ke bheda nimna prakArase haiM- 15 pratyakSa I 1 sAMvyavahArika I pramANa mukhya I avagraha IhA avAya dhAraNA avadhi, mana:paryaya kevala smRti, pratyabhijJAna tarka anumAna, Agama parAkSa
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________________ 114 jaina nyAya . isa taraha jainadarzanameM pratyakSa aura parokSake bhedase mUla pramANa do mAne gaye haiM / kintu cArvAka eka pratyakSa pramANa hI mAnatA hai / cArvAkakA eka pramANa ____ cArvAkakA kahanA hai ki pratyakSa nAmaka eka hI pramANa hai; kyoMki pramANa agauNa hotA hai| arthanizcAyaka jJAnako pramANa kahate haiM, kintu anumAnase arthakA nizcaya nahIM hotaa| dUsare, vyAptikA grahaNa honepara anumAnakI pravRtti hotI hai / vyAptikA grahaNa pratyakSase to sambhava nahIM hai; kyoMki pratyakSa to nikaTavartI arthako hI grahaNa karatA hai, ataH vaha samasta padArthoMko lekara vyAptikA grahaNa karane meM asamartha hai| anumAnase bhI vyAptikA grahaNa sambhava nahIM hai; kyoMki anumAna vyAptigrahaNapUrvaka hotA hai| ata: anumAnase vyAptikA grahaNa mAnanepara anavasthA aura itaretarAzraya nAmaka doSa Ate haiN| anya koI pramANa vyAptikA grAhaka nahIM hai| taba anumAna pramANa kaise sambhava hai| ataH eka pratyakSa hI pramANa hai| jainoMkA kahanA hai ki cArvAkakA ukta kathana vicArapUrNa nahIM hai| pratyakSako taraha anumAna bhI apane viSayameM avisaMvAdaka honese pramANa hai| anumAnake dvArA jAne hue arthameM visaMvAdakA abhAva hotA hai| anumAnako cArvAka gauNa kyoM mAnate haiM, kyA usakA viSaya gauNa hai yA pratyakSapUrvaka honese vaha gauNa hai ? prathama pakSa ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki pratyakSakI taraha anumAnakA bhI viSaya vAstavika sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka vastu hai| jaina bauddhoMkI taraha kalpita sAmAnya rUpa vastuko anumAnakA viSaya nahIM mAnate haiN| aura yadi pratyakSapUrvaka honese anumAnako goNa kahate haiM, to koI koI pratyakSa bhI anumAnapUrvaka hotA hai, ataH vaha bhI gauNa kahalAyegA; kyoMki dUrase anumAnasaiM agniko jAnakara jaba manuSya agnike . pAsa jAtA hai to pratyakSase agniko jAnatA hai / ____ tathA hama vyAptikA grahaNa taka nAmaka pramANase mAnate haiN| tarka pramANake binA to Apa yaha bhI nahIM kaha sakate ki pratyakSa hI pramANa hai; kyoMki vaha agauNa hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki anumAna pramANake binA cArvAka darzanavAle atIndriya paraloka, AtmA, svarga AdikA abhAva kaise siddha kareMge / kahA bhI hai 'pramANetarasAmAnyasthiteranyadhiyo gateH / pramANAntarasadbhAvaH pratiSedhAcca kasyacit // ' 1. prameyaka0 mA0, pR0 177-180 /
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________________ pramANake bheda pramANatva aura apramANatvakI vyavasthAse, dUsarekI buddhi ko jAnanese aura paraloka AdikA niSedha karanese pratyakSa bhinna pramANAntarakA astitva siddha hotA hai / ataH cArvAkakA pratyakSa pramANakavAda ThIka nahIM hai| . bauddha-sammata do bheda bauddha do hI pramANa mAnate haiM-pratyakSa aura anumAna / unakA kahanA hai"prameyadvaividhyAt pramANadvaividhyama"-prameya do prakArakA honese pramANa bhI do prakArakA hai| jainoMkA kahanA hai ki sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka artha hI prameya hai aura vahI pramANamAtrakA viSaya hai| yadi anumAnakA viSaya kevala sAmAnya mAtra mAnA jAyegA to usase svalakSaNa rUpa arthoM meM pravRtti nahIM ho sakegI; kyoMki anyaviSayaka jJAna anyameM pravRtti nahIM karA sktaa| yadi aisA hogA to ghaTa-viSayaka jJAna paTameM pravRtti karA degaa| yadi kahA jAyegA ki liMgake dvArA anumita sAmAnyase vizeSakA bodha hotA hai aura usase usameM pravRtti hotI hai to liMgase hI vizeSakA bodha kyoM nahIM mAna lete| zAyada kahA jAye ki liMgake avinAbhAva sambandhako pratipatti sAmAnyake sAtha hotI hai, vizeSake sAtha nahIM, jaise dhUmakA avinAbhAva sambandha agni sAmAnyake sAtha hai to yaha bAta to sAmAnyameM bhI samAna hai-sAmAnyake pratibandhako pratipatti vizeSoMke sAtha nahIM hai taba sAmAnyase vizeSoMkA bodha kaise ho sakatA hai| yadi pratibandhakA bodha na honepara bhI sAmAnyase vizeSoMkA bodha ho sakatA hai to vizeSoMke sAtha liMgakA avinAbhAva sambandha jJAta hone para bhI liMgase vizeSakA bodha kyoM nahIM mAna lete| bauddhakA kahanA hai ki prameya bheda na bhI rahe, kintu phira bhI Agama Adi pramANa anumAnase bhinna nahIM haiM kyoMki zabda vagairahase sambaddha parokSa arthakA bodha hotA hai yA asambaddhakA? asambaddha arthakA bodha to ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki yadi aisA ho to 'go' zabdase bhI azvakA bodha ho jaayegaa| yadi sambaddha arthakA ho bodha zabdase hotA hai to vaha zabda liMga rUpa hI huA aura usase utpanna huA jJAna anumAna hI huaa| jainoMkA kahanA hai ki isa rItise to pratyakSa bhI anumAna hI ThaharatA hai; kyoMki pratyakSa bhI apane viSayase sambaddha hokara hI usakA jJAna karAtA hai| yadi aisA na ho to sabhI pramAtA sabhI arthoM kA pratyakSa kara skeNge| yadi kahA jAyegA ki yadyapi pratyakSa aura anumAna donoM hI apane-apane viSayoMse sambaddha haiM tathApi donoM bhinna sAmagrose utpanna honeke kAraNa bhinna haiM, to isI prakAra Agama Adi pramANoMko bhI anumAnase bhinna kyoM nahIM mAnate, kyoMki Agama pramANa zabda rUpa
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________________ 116 jaina nyAya sAmagrIse utpanna hotA hai| na to vaha pratyakSa rUpa hai, kyoMki savikalpaka aura aspaSTa hotA hai aura na anumAna rUpa hai, kyoMki usakI utpatti trairUpya liMgase nahIM hotI / jaise, 'jahA~ dhUma hotA hai vahA~ avazya Aga hotI hai' aisA dhUma agnikA avinAbhAva sambandha honese jJAtA dhUmase agniko jAna letA hai / vaise zabdakA arthake sAtha anvaya nahIM hai ki jahAM zabda ho vahA~ artha bhI avazya ho| udAharaNake lie jahAM piNDakhajUra zabda sunA jAtA hai vahA~ piNDakhajUra nAmaka artha bhI ho aisA koI niyama nahIM hai aura na zabdakAlameM artha avazya rahatA hI hai| rAvaNa, zaMkhacakravartI Adi zabda to vartamAna haiM kintu rAvaNa to atIta ho cukA aura zaMkhacakravartI Age hogA, ataH zabdakA arthake sAtha anvayavyatireka nahIM hai| isalie anumAna pramANase zAbda pramANa bhinna hI hai / naiyAyika aura mImAMsaka sammata pramANa bheda naiyAyika aura mImAMsaka upamAna nAmakA eka pramANa mAnate haiN| donoMkI zailomeM antara haiN| isakA nirUpaNa tathA jainoMke sAdRzyapratyabhijJAnameM unakA antarbhAva Age parokSa paricchedameM batalAyA jaayegaa| - mImAMsaka pratyakSa, anumAna, zAbda (Agama) aura upamAnake atirikta arthApatti aura abhAva nAmaka pramANa bhI mAnate haiN| unakA vivecana aura antarbhAva Age kiyA jAtA hai| arthApatti nAmaka pramANakA vivecana tathA antarbhAva mImAMsakakA mata hai ki arthApatti nAmakA eka svatantra pramANa hai| dekhA yA sunA gayA jo artha jisake binA nahIM ho sakatA usa adRSTa arthakI kalpanAko arthApatti kahate haiN| zAbara bhASya (1 / 1 / 5) ke isa kathanako spaSTa karate hue kumArilane bhI likhA hai "pramANaSaTakavijJAto yatrArtho'nanyathA bhavan / adRSTaM kalpayedanyaM sArthApatti rudAhRtA // " [ mo0 zlo0 arthA0 pari0 zlo0 1 ] arthAt pratyakSa Adi chaha pramANoMke dvArA prasiddha jo artha jisake binA nahIM ho sakatA, usa arthakI kalpanA arthApatti hai| arthApattike aneka prakAra haiN| pratyakSapUrvaka arthApatti-jaise, pratyakSase agnikA dAha rUpa kArya dekhakara usameM dahanazaktikI kalpanA arthApattise kI jAto hai; kyoMki atIndriya honese zaktiko pratyakSase nahIM jAna sakate / aura na anumAnase jAna sakate haiM kyoMki anumAna
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________________ pramANake bheda kI utpatti pratyakSase jisakA avinAbhAva sambandha jAna liyA gayA hai aise liMgase hotI hai| kintu arthApattikA viSayabhUta artha kabhI bhI pratyakSakA viSaya nahIM hotA / anumAnapUrvaka arthApatti-jaise sUryameM gamanase gamana karanekI zaktikI kalpanA karanA / vahA~ eka dezase dezAntara meM sUryako dekhakara usake gamanakA anu. mAna kiyA jAtA hai aura usase usameM gamanazaktikI kalpanA kI jAtI hai| zrutapUrvaka arthApatti-'moTA devadatta dinako bhojana nahIM karatA' yaha bAta suna. kara yaha kalpanA karanA ki devadatta rAtri bhojana karatA hai; kyoMki bhojana kiye binA muTApA nahIM ho sktaa| upamAnapUrvaka arthApatti-jaise, vayake sAdRzyase goko jAnakara yaha kalpanA karanA ki gaumeM upamAna pramANake dvArA jJAta ho sakanekI zakti hai| arthApattipUrvaka arthApatti-jaise zabdameM arthApattise jAnI gayI vAcaka zaktise abhidhAnakI siddhike lie zabdake nityatvakA jJAna / arthAt zabdase arthako pratIti hotI hai, usase usakI vAcakazakti kI pratIti hotI hai aura usase bhI zabdakI nityatAkI pratIti hotI hai| abhAvapUrvaka arthApatti-jaise abhAva pramANase gharameM caitra nAmake vyaktikA abhAva jAnakara yaha kalpanA karanA ki caitra kahIM bAhara gayA hai; kyoMki jIvita hote hue bhI gharameM nahIM hai| isa prakAra arthApatti nAmakA eka pramANa hai| mImAMsakake matase abhAva nAmakA bhI eka pramANa hai| jaise, 'isa bhUtalapara ghaTa nahIM hai', yahAM ghaTakA abhAva-abhAva pramANake dvArA jAnA gayA hai; kyoMki kahA hai-jisa vastu rUpameM sadbhAvagrAhI pA~coM pramANoMkI pravRtti nahIM hotI, vahA~ vastukI sattAko jAnane ke lie abhAva pramANa upayogI hotA hai / abhAvakA jJAna pratyakSase to hotA nahIM, kyoMki vaha abhAvako viSaya nahIM kara sktaa| indriyoMkA sambandha bhAvAMzake hI sAtha hotA hai| na anamAnase abhAvako jAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki hetukA abhAva hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki abhAva pramANake viSayabhUta abhAvakA abhAva honese abhAvapramANakI mAnyatA vyartha hai| kintu aisA mAnanepara lokaprasiddha abhAvake vyavahArakA hI abhAva ho jaayegaa| yadi abhAvako vasturUpa nahIM mAnA jAyegA to usake prAgabhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAva, anyonyAbhAva aura atyantAbhAva bheda nahIM ho sakate / ataH arthApattise abhAva vasturUpa siddha hotA hai| yadi ukta cAroM prakArake abhAvoMke vyavasthApaka abhAvapramANako nahIM mAnA jAyegA to pratiniyata vastu vyavasthAkA 1. mI0 zlo0 arthA0 pari0 zlo0 3-6 / 2. mI0 zlo0, prabhAva, shlo01| 3. vahI, zlo0 18 / -
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________________ . jaina nyAya lopa ho jaayegaa| zAyada kahA jAye ki vastu to niraMza hai, ataH pratyakSase vastukA sarvAtmanA grahaNa honepara koI agRhIta asat aMza zeSa na rahane se usake grahaNa karaneke lie abhAva pramANakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / kintu aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki vastu sadasadAtmaka hai usameM se pratyakSa Adike dvArA saMdazakA grahaNa honepara bhI agRhIta asat aMzako grahaNa karane ke lie abhAva pramANako mAnanA Avazyaka hai| ataH arthApatti kI taraha abhAva bhI eka pRthak pramANa hai| bhanumAnameM arthApattikA antarbhAva jainoMkA kahanA hai ki arthApattikA anumAnameM antarbhAva hotA hai| vizeSa isa prakAra hai-prazna yaha hai ki arthApattikA utthApaka jo artha jisa adRSTa arthako parikalpanAmeM nimitta hotA hai, usakA usake sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha jJAta hotA hai yA nhiiN| yadi nahIM jJAta hotA hai to, jisake binA bhI vaha ho sakatA hai, usakI bhI kalpanA karA degA, athavA jisake binA vaha nahIM hotA hai, usakI bhI kalpanA nahIM karA sakegA, kyoMki arthApattike utthApaka arthake avinAbhAva sambandhakA jJAna nahIM honepara adRSTa arthakI parikalpanA sambhava nahIM hai| yadi sambhava ho to jisakA avinAbhAva anizcita hai, aise liMgase bhI parokSa arthakA anumAna kiyA jA sakegA aura aiso sthitimeM liMgameM aura arthApattike utyApaka arthameM koI bheda nahIM rhegaa| - yadi arthApattikA utthApaka artha jisa adRSTa arthakI kalpanAmeM nimitta hotA hai, usakA usake sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha jJAta hotA hai to arthApatti aura anumAnameM koI bheda nahIM rahatA, kyoMki avinAbhAva rUpase jAne hue eka sambandhIse dUsarekA bodha karanA donoMmeM hI samAna hai| tathA arthApattike utthApaka arthakA avinAbhAva sambandha arthApattise ho jAnA jAtA hai yA anya pramANase / prathama pakSa meM anyonyAzraya nAmaka doSa AtA hai, kyoMki avinAbhAva rUpase jJAta arthApattike utthApaka arthase arthApattiko pravRtti hotI hai aura arthApattiko pravRtti honese arthApattike utthApaka arthake avinAbhAva sambandhakI pratipatti hotI hai| ataH mImAMsakakA yaha kayana ucita nahIM hai ki arthApattimeM avinAbhAvarUpatAkA jJAna tatkAla ho jAtA hai| 1. prameyaka0 mA0, pR0 187-162 / 2. prameyakamA0, pR0 163-165 / .
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________________ pramANake bheda yadi arthApatti ke utthApaka arthakA avinAbhAva pramANAntarase jAnA jAtA hai to vaha pramANAntara kyA hai, - punaH punaH darzana yA vipakSameM anupalambha / prathamapakSa to isalie ThIka nahIM hai ki zakti atIndriya hai, ataH usakA puna: puna: darzana sambhava nahIM hai / dUsare pakSa meM asat hetukA bhI apane sAdhyake sAtha avinAbhAvakA prasaMga AyegA | ataH arthApatti anumAnase bhinna pramANa nahIM hai / abhAvakA pratyakSa Adi meM antarbhAva abhAva pramANakA pratyakSAdimeM antarbhAva hotA hai| vizeSa isa prakAra hai abhAva pramANavAdIkA mata hai ki 'isa bhUtalapara ghaTa nahIM hai, yahAM niSedhya ghaTake AdhArabhUta vastu bhUtalake grahaNa Adi sAmagrI se abhAva pramANakI utpatti hotI hai / so yahA~ niSedhya ghaTakA AdhArabhUta bhUtala pratiyogI ghaTase saMsRSTa pratIta hotA hai yA asaMsRSTa ? pahalA pakSa ayukta hai, kyoMki yadi pratyakSa se pratiyogI ghaTase saMsRSTa bhUtalakI pratIti hotI hai to ghaTakA abhAva grahaNa karaneke lie abhAva pramANako pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI / yadi pravRtti hotI haiM to vaha pramANa nahIM hai; kyoMki ghaTake rahate hue bhI vaha usake abhAvako jAnane meM pravRtta ho rahA hai / dUsare pakSa meM abhAva pramANa ho vyartha ho jAtA hai; kyoMki pratyakSa se hI ghaTase asaMsRSTa ( rahita ) bhUtalakI pratIti ho jAtI hai / yadi kahA jAye ki 'bhUtala pratiyogI ghaTase rahita hai' isakA jJAna abhAva pramANase hotA hai, to vaha abhAva pramANa bhI pratiyogI se asaMsRSTa anyavastukA grahaNa honepara hI pravRtta hogA aura pratiyogI kI asaMsRSTatAkA jJAna punaH abhAva pramANake dvArA hI hogA aura aisA honepara anavasthA doSa AyegA / 116 abhAvapramANako dUsarI sAmagrI hai 'pratiyogIkA smaraNa / to vastvantara bhUtala se saMsRSTa pratiyogIkA smaraNa hotA hai yA asaMsRSTakA ? yadi bhUtalase saMsRSTa pratiyogIkA smaraNa hotA to abhAva pramANakI pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI; kyoMki pratyakSa se bhUtala pratiyogI ghaTase yukta pratIta ho rahA hai| yadi kahA jAye ki bhUtalase asaMsRSTa pratiyogIkA smaraNa hotA hai to pratyakSase bhUtala se asaMsRSTa pratiyogIkA grahaNa honepara hI usa rUpa meM ghaTakA smaraNa ho sakatA hai anyathA nahIM, aura aisA mAnane para abhAva pramANa vyartha ho jAtA hai, kyoMki pratyakSase bhUtalase sambaddha pratiyogI ke sadbhAvakA grahaNa ho rahA hai| aura vastumAtrakA pratyakSase 1. jisakA prabhAva hotA hai use pratiyogI kahate haiM /
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________________ 120 jaina nyAya grahaNa mAnanepara pratiyogI aura apratiyogIkA vyavahAra nahIM bana sktaa| tathA yadi anubhUta vastumeM bhI pratiyogIke smaraNake binA abhAvako pratipatti nahIM hotI to anubhUta pratiyogIkA ho smaraNa honA caahie| aura usakA anubhava anyase asaMsRSTa rUpase mAnanA caahie| tathA usakI bhI anyase asaMsRSTa rUpase pratipatti usase anyatra pratiyogIke smaraNapUrvaka hogii| aura Age bhI aisA hI honese anavasthA doSa AtA hai| yadi kahA jAye ki pratiyogI bhUtalake smaraNase ghaTako anyase asaMsRSTatAko pratIti hotI hai aura usake smaraNase bhUtalakI anyase asaMsRSTatAkI to parasparAzraya doSa AtA hai / usakA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra haijabataka ghaTase asaMsRSTa bhUtala pratiyogIke smaraNase ghaTakI bhUtalase asaMsRSTatAkI pratipatti nahIM hogI tabataka bhUtalase asaMsRSTa ghaTa pratiyogIke smaraNase bhUtalakI ghaTa-asaMsRSTatAko pratipatti nahIM hogI, aura jabataka bhUtalako ghaTa asaMsRSTatAkI pratIti nahIM hogI tabataka ghaTa asaMsRSTa bhUtalake smaraNase ghaTakI asaMsRSTatokI pratIti nahIM hogii| ataH parasparAzraya doSase bacaneke lie anya pratiyogIke smaraNake binA hI bhAvAMzakI taraha abhAvAMzakA bhI pratyakSa mAnanA caahie| aura aisA mAnanepara yaha kahanA ucita nahIM hai ki 'pratyakSase abhAvako pratIti nahIM hotI; kyoMki abhAva pratyakSakA viSaya nahIM hai| __ aba prazna rahatA hai abhAvake bhedoMkA, so apane kAraNakalApoMse padArtha apaneapane svabhAvameM vyavasthita hI utpanna hote haiM aura ve apaneko anyase milAte nahIM hai / unakA svarUpa anyase vyAvRtta hotA hai, unase bhinna koI anya abhAvAMza nahIM haiN| yadi ho to vaha abhAvAMza bhI pararUpa huA ataH padArthako usase bhI vyAvRtta honA cAhie / isa taraha aparApara abhAvakI parikalpanAse anavasthA doSa AtA hai| ataH abhAva bhAvase sarvathA bhinna nahIM hai| ___ mImAM0-yadi abhAvako arthAntara nahIM mAnA jAtA to abhAvamUlaka vyavahAra kaise banegA? Apa jaina loga ghaTasahita bhUtalako ghaTAbhAva kahate haiM yA ghaTarahita bhUtalako ghaTAbhAva kahate hai ? prathama pakSameM to pratyakSa virodha hai| dUsare pakSameM to nAmamAtrakA bheda hai-ghaTarahita kaho yA ghaTAbhAvaviziSTa kaho eka hI bAta hai| jaina-to kyA bhUtala ghaTAkAra hai ki jisase 'ghaTa nahIM hai' aisA kahanepara pratyakSa virodha hotA hai ? kyoMki bhUtala ghaTAkArase rahita honese ghaTa nahIM hI hai, yaha satya hai| mImAM0.--yadi bhUtalase ghaTAbhAva arthAntara nahIM hai, to ghaTase yukta bhUtala meM
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________________ - pramANake bheda bhI ghaTa nahIM hai aisA bodha honA cAhie, kintu aisA nahIM hotA, ataH jaise bhUtalase ghaTa arthAntara hai vaise hI ghaTAbhAva bhI arthAntara hai| __ jaina-ukta kathana ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki ghaTameM kabhI bhI na pAye jAnevAle bhUtalagata asAdhAraNa dharmose yukta bhUtalako ghaTAbhAva kahA jAtA hai kintu ghaTayukta bhUtala ghaTa aura bhUtalake saMyogarUpa sAdhAraNadharmase viziSTa honese ghaTayuktarUpase pariNamita hai ata: 'bhUtala ghaTarahita hai' aisA usa samaya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ___ abhAvake cAroM prakAra bhAvAntara svabhAvarUpa hai| jisake abhAvameM niyamase kAryako utpatti hotI hai, use prAgabhAva kahate haiN| ghaTakI utpattise pUrvavartI anantara pariNAma viziSTa miTTI ghaTakA prAgabhAva hai| yadi prAgabhAvako tucchAbhAva rUpa mAnA jAyegA to gAyake niyamase eka sAtha utpanna honevAle dAyeM aura bAyeM sIMgoMke upAdAnameM saMkaratAkA prasaMga AyegA; kyoMki tucchAbhAva rUpa prAgabhAva to eka hI hai| yadi kahA jAyegA ki jisa upAdAna kAraNameM jaba jisa prAgabhAvakA abhAva hotA hai, usa upAdAna kAraNameM taba usa kAryako utpatti hotI hai, to aisA kahanA bhI yukta nahIM hai; kyoMki isakA yaha prAgabhAva hai yahI niyama nahIM bntaa| pradhvaMsAbhAva bhI bhAvasvabhAva hI hai| jisake honepara niyamase kAryakA vinAza hotA hai use pradhvaMsAbhAva kahate haiN| use yadi tuccha svabhAva mAnA jAyegA to ghaTake vinAzake lie mudgara AdikA vyApAra vyartha ho jaayegaa| mudgarake vyApArase ghaTakA pradhvaMsa bhinna kiyA jAtA hai yA abhinna ? yadi bhinna kiyA jAtA hai to ghaTa naSTa ho gayA, aisA pratyaya nahIM honA caahie| yadi kahA jAyegA ki vinAzake sambandhase aisA pratyaya hotA hai, to vinAza aura ghaTakA kyA sambandha hai ? tAdAtmya sambandha to ho nahIM sakatA kyoMki Apa donomeM bheda mAnate haiN| tadutpatti sambandha bhI nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki ghaTa vinAzakA kAraNa nahIM hai / usakA vinAza to mudgara Adike nimittase huA hai| yadi ghaTa aura mudgara donoMko hI usakA kAraNa mAnA jAyegA to vinAzake bAda jaise mudgara banA rahatA hai ghaTa bhI banA rahegA / yadi kahA jAyegA ki ghaTa apane vinAzakA upAdAna kAraNa hai isalie vinAzake bAda ghaTakI upalabdhi nahIM hotii| to abhAvako bhAvAntara svabhAvarUpa mAnanA hogA; kyoMki ghaTa bhAvAntara kapAlAdikA hI upA. dAnakAraNa hotA hai, ata: mudgarake vyApArase ghaTase bhinna vinAza nahIM kiyA jaataa| aura ghaTase abhinna vinAzake karanepara to mudgarane ghaTako kiyA yahI kahA jAyegA, kyoMki ghaTa aura vinAza abhinna hai| ataH andhaparamparAko tyAgakara
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________________ 122 jaina nyAya mudgarake vyApArase ghaTAkArase rahita kapAlarUpa mRdravyakI utpati mAnanI caahie| ataH abhAva pramANakI utpatti sAmagrI tathA viSayakA abhAva honese use alaga pramANa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / isa taraha darzanAntaroM meM mAne gaye pramANoMkA antarbhAva pratyakSa aura parokSa pramANoMmeM ho jAnese pramANake do hI mUlabheda haiN| isIse AcArya mANikyanandine sAMvyavahArika pratyakSakA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai"indriyAnindriyanimittaM dezataH sAMvyavahArikam // 5 // " -[parIkSAmukha, 2 pariccheda ] -arthAt indriya aura manake nimittase honevAle ekadeza spaSTa jJAnako sAMvyava. hArika pratyakSa kahate haiM / indriyake bheda indriya ke pAMca bheda haiM-sparzana, rasana, ghrANa, cakSuH aura zrotra / inameM se pratyeka indriya dravyendriya aura bhAvendriyake bhedase do-do prakArako hotI haiN| indriyoMke bAhya aura Abhyantara AkAza rUpa pariNata pudgaloMko dravyendriya kahate haiM jaise zrotra Adi indriyoMmeM jo pudgaloMko karNazaSkulI Adi bAhya rUpameM racanA hai aura jo kadamba golakake AkAra rUpa Abhyantara racanA hai vaha saba dravyendriya hai / labdhi aura upayogako bhAvendriya kahate haiM / jJAnAvaraNa karmake kSayopazama vizeSako labdhi kahate haiN| usake nimittase jo AtmAkA jAnane rUpa vizeSa pariNAma hotA hai, use upayoga kahate haiN| inameM se labdhi rUpa bhAvendriya to sva aura arthako jAnaneko yogyatA rUpa hai aura upayoga rUpa bhAvendriya sva aura arthako jAnane meM vyApAra rUpa hai| binA vyApArake sparzanAdi indriya sparzAdiko nahIM jAna sktiiN| zaMkA-upayoga to indriyakA phala ( kArya ) hai use indriya kyoM kahA hai ? 1. prameya ka0 mA0, pR0 203-216 / 2. paMcendriyANi // 15 // dvividhAni // 16 // nivRtyupakaraNe dravyendriyam // 17 // labdhyupayogau bhAvendriyam // 184 // tattvArthasUtra, 2 adhyAya / 3. indriyphlmupyogH| tasya kathamindriyatvam ? kAraNadharmasya kArye darzanAt yathA ghaTAkArapariNataM vijJAnaM ghaTa iti / svArthasya tatra mukhyatvAcca / indrasya liMgamindriyamiti yaH svArthaH sa upayoge mukhyaH, upayogalakSaNo jIva iti vacanAt / ata upayogasyendriyatvaM nyAyyam / -sarvArthasiddhi a0 2, sU0 18 /
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________________ pramANake bheda 123 samAdhAna-kAraNakA dharma kAryameM dekhA jAtA hai / jaise ghaTAkAra jJAnako ghaTa kahA jAtA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki indra arthAt AtmAke cihnako indriya kahate haiM | kyoMki AtmA to sUkSma hai indriyake dvArA hI usakA astitva jAnA jAtA hai / indriya zabdakA yaha artha upayoga meM mukhyatAse ghaTita hotA hai kyoMki jIvakA lakSaNa upayoga kahA hai / ataH upayogako indriya kahanA ucita hI hai / ina donoM indriyoM meM se dravyendriya apradhAna hai; kyoMki dravyendriyake vyApAra karanepara bhI aura prakAza Adi sahakAri kAraNoMke hote hue bhI bhAvendriyake binA sparzAdikA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA / indriyoMke sambandha meM naiyAyikoM ke matakI samIkSA 2 pUrvapakSa - atyanta bhinna jAtIya pRthivI Adise atyanta bhinna jAtIya cakSu Adi indriyoM kI utpatti dekhI jAtI haiM ataH saba indriyoMko paudgalika mAnanA yukta nahIM hai / nyAyabhASya meM likhA hai ki pRthivIse ghrANendriyako utpatti hotI hai / jalase rasanendriyakI utpatti hotI hai| tejase cakSu indriyakI utpatti hotI hai| aura vAyuse sparzana indriyakI utpatti hotI hai / isIkA samarthana anumAnase karate haiM - prANa indriya pArthiva hai; kyoMki vaha rUpAdimeM se gandhako ho abhivyakta karatI hai / jo rUpAdimeM se gandhako hI abhivyakti karatA hai vaha pArthiva hotA hai / jaise hathelI ke dvArA nAgakesarakI kaNikAko malanese usakI gaMndha vyakta hotI hai aura hathelI pArthiva hai / usI taraha ghrANa indriya rUpAdike vidyamAna hote hue bhI gandhako hI abhivyaMjaka hai, ataH vaha pArthiva hai / rasanA indriya jalIya hai, kyoMki vaha rasako ho abhivyaMjaka hai jaise lAra / cakSu taijasa hai kyoMki vaha rUpako hI abhivyaMjaka hai, jaise dIpaka / sparzana indriya vAyavya hai, kyoMki vaha kevala sparzakI hI abhivyaMjaka hai / jaise vAyu jalake zIta sparzakA ho vyaMjaka hai / aura zrotrako paudgalika kahanA to atyanta anucita hai, kyoMki zabda apane samAna jAtIya vizeSa guNavAlI indriyake dvArA hI grAhya hotA hai / 4 uttara pakSa- -ukta kathana Thoka nahIM hai; kyoMki pRthivI Adi dravyAntara nahIM haiM ataH pratyeka indriya pRthivI Adise utpanna nahIM huI hai / pRthivo vagairaha dravyA 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 156 / 2. nyAyasU0 1 / 1 / 12 / prazastapA0, pR0 22 / vaize0, sU0 8 25,6 / 3. nyA0 vA0 tA0 TI0, pR0 530 / nyAyama0, pR0 481 / 4. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 157 | prameyaka0 mA0, pR0 62 /
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________________ jaina nyAya ntara nahIM haiM, isakA samarthana isa pustakake dUsare bhAgameM kiyA jaayegaa| aura jo Upara yaha kahA gayA hai ki ghrANa pArthiva hai, so yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki usake sAdhaka hetumeM sUryako kiraNoMse tathA jalasiMcanase vyabhicAra AtA hai; dekhA jAtA hai ki tela mardana karake dhUpa meM baiThanepara sUryako kiraNoM ke dvArA gandhakI abhivyakti hotI hai aura miTTIpara jala soMcanese gandhakI abhivyakti hotI hai| kintu na to sUryako kiraNeM pArthiva haiM aura na jalasiMcana hii| ___ isI taraha rasanAko jalIya kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki usakI siddhimeM jo hetu diyA gayA hai usameM lavaNa (namaka) se vyabhicAra AtA hai| kyoMki lavaNa yadyapi jalIya nahIM hai kintu vyaMjanoMmeM DAlanepara unake rUpAdikA vyaMjaka na hokara rasakA ho vyaMjaka hotA hai| cakSuko taijasa kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki usake sAdhaka hetumeM mANikya vagairaha ke udyotase vyabhicAra AtA hai| mANikya Adi ratnoMkA udyota rUpAdimeM se rUpakA hI prakAzana karatA hai kintu vaha taijasa nahIM hai| sparzana indriyako vAyukI kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai usake sAdhaka hetumeM kapUra vagairahase vyabhicAra AtA hai| pAnI vagairahameM rUpAdike hote hue bhI kapUra zIta sparzakA ho vyajaMka hotA hai, kintu vaha vAyavya nahIM hai| tathA jaise vAyuke sparzakA abhivyaMjaka honese sparzana indriyako vAyukA kArya mAnate ho vaise hI pRthivI, jala aura tejake sparzakA abhivyaMjaka honese sparzana indri yake pRthivI Adike bhI kArya honekA prasaMga AtA hai / tathA jaise tejake rUpakA abhivyaMjaka honese cakSuko taijasa mAnate ho vaise hI pathivI aura jalameM rahavevAle rUpakA abhivyaMjaka honese cakSuke pRthivI aura jalakA kArya honekA bhI anuSaMga AtA hai, jaise jalake rasakA abhivyaMjaka honese rasanAko jalIya mAnate ho vaise hI pRthivIke rasakA abhivyaMjaka honese rasanAke pathirva.kA kArya honekA prasaMga AtA hai| zabdake sambandha meM jo kucha kahA gayA hai vaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai, Age dUsare khaNDa meM zabda ke AkAzakA guNa honekA niSedha kreNge| ataH indriyoMke kisI pratiniyata (nizcita ) bhUtakA kArya hone meM pramANakA abhAva hai| indriyoMke sAMkhyasammata AhaMkArikatvakI samIkSA sAMkhya eka pradhAna yA prakRti nAmake tattvase mahat tattvakI abhivyakti mAnatA hai aura mahattattvase ahaMkArakI abhivyakti mAnatA hai / ahaMkAra yA 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 157 / 2. 'abhimAno'haMkAraH tasmAd dvividhaH pravartate srgH| aindriya ekAdazakaH tanmAtrA paJcakazcaiva / / 24 ||-saaNkhykaarikaa / samIkSA
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________________ pramANake bheda 125 abhimAnase do prakArakA sarga pravartita hotA hai| eka-gyAraha indriyoM ( pA~ca jJAnendriyA~, sparzanAdi pAMca karmendriyA~, mana ) aura eka-pA~ca tanmAtrA ( sparza, rasa, gandha, rUpa aura zabda ) / isa taraha sAMkhya indriyoMko AhaMkArika mAnatA hai| kintu usakA aisA mAnane meM pramANakA abhAva hai aura pramANase bAdhA bhI AtI hai| usakA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra hai indriyAM AraMkArika nahIM haiM kyoMki ve acetana honeke sAtha karaNa bhI haiM jaise bisolA / athavA indriyAM AhaMkArika nahIM haiM, kyoMki ve indriyA~ hai jaise karmendriyA~ ( vANI, hAtha, paira, gudA aura mUtrendriya ) / isameM manase vyabhicAra nahIM AtA kyoMki dravya manako AhaMkArika nahIM mAnA hai| bhAvendriya aura bhAva manase bhI vyabhicAra nahIM AtA, kyoMki hetumeM 'acetana hone ke sAtha' yaha vizeSaNa diyA hai bhAvendriyA~ to cetana haiN| sukhAdise bhI vyabhicAra nahIM AtA, kyoMki sukhAdi karaNa nahIM haiN| ___ indriyA~ AhaMkArika nahIM haiM kyoMki ve pratiniyata jJAnake vyapadezameM nimitta haiM, jaise rUpAdi / athavA indriyAM AhaMkArika nahIM hai kyoMki ve pratiniyata viSayakI prakAzaka haiM, jaise dIpaka / jaise rUpajJAna, rasajJAna Adi pratiniyata jJAnake vyapadezameM hetu honese rUpAdi AhaMkArika nahIM haiM vaise hI cakSu jJAna rasana jJAna Adi pratiniyata jJAna vyapadezameM hetu honese cakSu Adi indriyA~ bhI AhaMkArika nahIM hai| indriyA~ AhaMkArika nahIM haiM kyoMki pudgaloMke dvArA unakA anugraha aura upadhAta dekhA jAtA hai, jaise darpaNa vagairaha bhasmase svaccha ho jAte haiM aura pattharase TaTa jAte haiM ataH ve AhaMkArika nahIM haiM kintu paudgalika haiM, vaise hI paudagalika aMjana vagairahase cakSu Adi indriyoMkA anugraha aura upaghAta dekhA jAtA hai ataH ve bhI paudagalika haiN| mana bho AhaMkArika nahIM hai kyoMki usakA viSaya aniyata hai. jaise AtmA / ata: dravyendriyoMkI utpatti pratiniyata indriyake yogya pudgaloMse mAnanI cAhie / ataH indriyA~ paudgalika haiM / artha aura prakAzake jJAna kAraNatyakI samIkSA ___ isa prakAra indriya aura manako jJAnakI utpatti meM kAraNa batalAyA hai| kintu kucha dArzanika artha aura prakAzako bhI jJAnakA kAraNa mAnate haiM / unako uttara dete hue AcArya mANikyanandine likhA hai 'nArthAloko kAraNaM paricchedyatvAttamovat // 6 // tadanvayavyatirekAnuvidhAnA1. prameya kamala mArtaNDa, pR0 231 Adi /
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________________ 126 jaina nyAya bhAvAcca kezoNDukajJAnavannaktaJcarajJAnavacca ||7||'-priikssaamukh 2 pari0 / artha aura prakAza jJAnameM kAraNa nahIM haiM kyoMki ve jJeya haiM, jaise andhakAra / andhakAra jJAnakA pratibandhaka honese jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM hai, phira bhI vaha jJAnakA viSaya hai| zaMkA-artha aura prakAza jJeya hote hae bhI yadi jJAnake kAraNa rahe AyeM to isameM kyA Apatti hai ? samAdhAna-yadi artha aura prakAzako jJAnakA kAraNa mAnA jAyegA to ve cakSu AdikI taraha jJAnake viSaya (jJeya) nahIM ho skte|| tathA, jJAna arthakA kArya hai, yaha bAta pratyakSase pratIta hoto hai yA pramANAntarase pratIta hotI hai / yadi pratyakSase pratIta hotI hai to usI pratyakSase pratIta hotI hai yA pratyakSAntarase ? usI pratyakSase to kevala arthakA hI anubhava hotA hai| yadi usI pratyakSase arthakI pratIti hone ke sAtha-hI-sAtha 'yaha artha jJAnakA kAraNa hai| aisI bhI pratIti hotI to usameM koI vivAda hI nahIM honA cAhie thaa| kyoMki pramANase jJAta vastumeM vivAda nahIM dekhA jaataa| kumbhakAra vagairaha ghaTake kAraNa haiM, isameM koI vivAda nahIM hai| ataH vahI pratyakSa to isa bAta ko nahIM jAnatA ki meM arthakA kArya huuN| dUsarA pratyakSa bho nahIM jAnatA, usase bhI kevala padArthakA hI pratyakSa hotA hai| yadi dUsarA pratyakSa yaha jAnatA hai ki jJAna arthakA kArya hai to prathama pratyakSake dvArA isa bAtako jAnane meM jo doSa Upara diyA gayA hai vahI doSa yahA~ bhI AtA hai| tathA dvitIya pratyakSa jJAna jJAnAntarako grahaNa nahIM krtaa| zAyada kahA jAye ki eka hI AtmAmeM honevAlA anantara jJAna ( dvitIya jJAna ) pUrva arthajJAnako grahaNa karatA hai| kintu aisA mAnanepara bhI vaha anantara jJAna arthako nahIM jAna sakatA; kyoMki donoMko ( artha aura jJAna ) viSaya karanevAlA jJAna nahIM hai ataH jJAna arthakA kArya hai, yaha vaha nahIM jAna sktaa| yadi 'jJAna arthakA kArya hai' yaha bAta pramANAntarase jAnI jAtI hai to vaha pramANAntara jJAnako viSaya karatA hai, yA arthako viSaya karatA hai athavA jJAna aura artha donoMko viSaya karatA hai ? Adike do vikalpoMmeM to vaha pramANAntara caki eka ho artha yA jJAnako viSaya karatA hai ataH vaha nahIM jAna sakatA ki artha aura jJAna meM kAryakAraNa bhAva hai| jaise kumbhakAra aura ghaTameM-se kisI ekako grahaNa karanevAlA jJAna kumbhakAra aura ghaTameM vartamAna kAryakAraNabhAvako nahIM jAnatA / jJAna aura artha--donoMko jAnanevAle jJAnase bhI 'jJAna arthakA kArya hai' aisI pratIti nahIM ho sakatI; kyoMki Apane ( naiyAyikane ) hamAre-jaise alpajJoMke
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________________ pramANake bheda 127 usa prakArakA jJAna nahIM maanaa| jJAnako jAnanevAlA jJAna arthako bhI jAnatA hai athavA arthako jAnanevAlA jJAna jJAnako bhI jAnatA hai aisI ApakI mAnyatA nahIM hai| yadi isa prakArakA jJAna Apa mAnate haiM to Apako eka pAMcavA pramANa mAnanA pdd'egaa| naiyAyika-'jJAna arthakA kArya hai' yaha hama anumAnase jAnate haiM jo isa prakAra hai---jJAna artha aura prakAzakA kArya hai kyoMki unake sAtha jJAnakA anvaya aura vyatireka pAyA jAtA hai| jisakA jisake sAtha anvaya-vyatireka pAyA jAtA hai vaha usakA kArya hotA hai| jaise agnikA kArya dhUma hai| jJAnakA bhI artha aura prakAzake sAtha anvaya-vyatireka pAyA jAtA hai| kyoMki artha aura prakAzake honepara hI jJAna hotA hai aura unake nahIM honepara jJAna nahIM hotaa| kintu naiyAyikakA ukta kathana ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki jJAnakA artha aura prakAzake sAtha anvaya-vyatireka nahIM hai / isa viSayameM hama ubhaya-prasiddha dRSTAnta upasthita karate haiN| jisa vyaktikI A~khoMmeM kAmalA roga hotA hai usako arthake abhAvameM bhI AkAzameM keza dikhAI dete haiN| aba prazna yaha hai ki usa jJAnake hone meM kisakA hAtha hai ? ve zoNDukakA athavA A~kha kI palakoMkA, athavA palakoMke bAloMkA athavA kAmalA vagairahakA ? pahalA vikalpa to ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki kezoNDukakA jJAna kezoNDuka rUpa arthake honepara hI yadi hotA ho to use bhrAmaka jJAna nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadi usa jJAnake honemeM A~khakI palakeM kAraNa haiM to palakeM hI dikhAI denI cAhie, taba una palakoMkA AkAza meM, Age sthita rUpase aura kezoNDukake AkAra rUpase pratibhAsa nahIM honA caahie| yadi kahA jAtA hai ki A~khoMkI palakoMke bAla hI sAmane AkAzameM kezoNDuka rUpase pratibhAsita hote haiM to jisa kAmalA rogIkI A~khoMkI palakoMmeM bAla nahIM hai, use AkAzameM kezoNDukakA jJAna nahIM honA cAhie / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki yadi kezoNDuka jJAna meM A~khoMke bAloMkA hAtha hai to ve bAla A~khoMmeM hI dikhAI dene cAhie, AkAza meM nhiiN| sthANu (ThuTha ) ke nimittase honevAlI puruSakI bhrAnti sthANumeM hI dekhI jAtI hai, anyatra nhiiN| yadi bhrAnti ke kAraNa A~khoMke bAla ho AkAzameM kezoNDuka rUpase kezoNDukakA jJAna utpanna karate haiM to cakSa aura manase rUpajJAnako utpatti mAnanemeM hI kyA hAni hai / jaise A~khake bAloMse utpanna huA jJAna kezoNDukako grahaNa karatA hai vaise hI arthase bhinna indriya aura manase utpanna honevAlA jJAna arthako grahaNa karatA hai| yadi kAmala Adi roga kezoNDuka jJAnakI utpatti meM kAraNa hai aura unase
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________________ 128 jaina nyAya utpanna huA jJAna asat kezAdiko jAnatA hai to nirmala cakSu aura manase utpanna huA jJAna sad vastuko jAnatA hai aisA kyoM nahIM mAna lete| aisI sthitimeM jJAna arthakA kArya kaise ho sakatA hai| kyoMki jJAnako arthakA kArya mAnane meM kezoNDuka jJAnase vyabhicAra AtA hai aura saMzayajJAnase bho vyabhicAra AtA hai / ___ saMzayajJAna arthake honepara hI hotA hai, aisI bAta nahIM hai yadi aisA ho to vaha abhrAnta kahA jaayegaa| tathA saMzayajJAnake viSayabhUta sthANu aura puruSa rUpa do artha eka jagaha raha bhI nahIM skte| yadi raha sakate hote to saMzaya ho kyoM hotA? naiyAyika-sAmAnyakA pratyakSa honese, vizeSakA pratyakSa na honese tathA donoMke vizeSa dharmokA smaraNa honese saMzayajJAna hotA hai| aura viparyayajJAna sAmane sthita sIpase viparIta cAMdoke vizeSa dharmokA smaraNa honese hotA hai| ataH saMzaya aura viparyayajJAna arthase hI utpanna hote haiM / __ukta kathana ThIka nahIM hai| ina donoM jJAnoMkA hetu sAmAnya hai, vizeSa hai athavA donoM haiM ? sAmAnya to hetu ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki sAmAnyameM to saMzaya AdikA abhAva hai, sAmAnyakA to pratyakSa ho jAtA hai aura jisakA pratyakSa ho jAtA hai usameM saMzayAdi kaise ho sakate haiM ? tathA saMzaya Adi jJAnoMkA viSaya vizeSa hai taba usakA janaka sAmAnya kaise ho sakatA hai| anyako viSaya karanevAle jJAnako utpatti anyase nahIM hotI, anyathA rUpajJAnakI rasase utpattikA prasaMga AtA hai| aura jaise sAmAnyase utpanna honevAlA jJAna vizeSako jAnatA hai vaise hI indriya aura manase utpanna honevAlA jJAna vidyamAna sAmAnya Adiko bhI jAna letA hai taba arthako jJAnakA kAraNa mAnanA vyartha hI hai| yadi saMzayajJAna sAmAnya arthase utpanna hotA hai to Apane jo saMzayako artha aura anarthajanya mAnA hai usase virodha AtA hai kyoMki sthANu aura puruSameM-se koI eka jo sammukha vidyamAna hotA hai vaha to artha hai aura jo vidyamAna nahIM hotA vaha anartha hai / una donoMse saMzayajJAnakI utpatti Apane mAnI hai / tathA yadi saMzayAdi jJAna sAmAnya arthase utpanna hote haiM to kAmala rogIko kezoNDukakA jJAna utpanna nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki AkAzameM kezoNDuka vagairahake samAna dharmavAlI koI vastu vartamAna nahIM hai jise dekhakara kezoNDukakA jJAna ho| ataH saMzayAdi jJAnoMkA hetu sAmAnya nahIM hai| vizeSa bhI unakA hetu nahIM hai kyoMki sAmane vizeSakA abhAva hai| yadi sAmane sthANu puruSarUpa vizeSa artha vartamAna hotA to usakA jJAna abhrAnta
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________________ pramANake bheda 129 khlaataa| zAyada kahA jAye ki sAmane sthANu hai to usa sthANuse kyA puruSa hai athavA yaha puruSa hI hai isa prakAra puruSa aMzakA nizcaya kaise ho sakatA hai ? yadi syANameM na rahanevAle puruSa rUpa aMzakA bhI usase nizcaya ho jAtA hai to indriya aura manase utpanna hone vAle satya jJAna meM bhI arthako kAraNa mAnaneko kalpanA vyartha hI hai| ataH vizeSa bhI saMzayAdi jJAnakA janaka nahIM hai| aura na sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM hI saMzayAdi jJAnake janaka haiM kyoMki aisA mAnanepara donoM pakSoMmeM jo doSa diye gaye haiM una saba doSoMkA prasaMga AtA hai| ataH jaba saMzayAdi jJAna arthaka abhAvameM bhI hote haiM taba arthake abhAvameM jJAnake abhAvako siddhi kaise ho sakatI hai jisase jJAnako arthakA kArya mAnA jAye / tathA, yadi aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki jo kAraNa hotA hai use hI jJAna jAnatA hai to yogijJAnase pUrvakAlabhAvI padArthoMko hI yogijJAnaM jAna sakegA kyoMki ve hI usake kAraNa ho sakate haiM, jo padArtha usI samaya utpanna ho rahe haiM athavA bhaviSya meM utpanna hoMge unheM nahIM jAna sakegA kyoMki ve usa yogijJAnake kAraNa nahIM haiM / jo AtmalAbha kara letA hai vahI kisIkA kAraNa hotA hai, anya nahIM / yadi jisane AtmalAbha nahIM kiyA hai use bhI kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai to khara. viSANa bhI kisIkA kAraNa ho jaayegaa| vartamAna aura bhAvI padArtha jJAnake kAraNa nahIM hote hae bhI yadi yogijJAnake dvArA jAne jAte haiM to hamArA jJAna bhI jJAnake akAraNabhUta aryoM ko jAna sakatA hai| aura yadi yogijJAnavartamAna aura bhAvI arthoM ko nahIM jAnatA to vaha sarvajJa nahIM ho sakatA / tathA artha yadi kSaNika hai to jJAnake kAlameM arthakA abhAva honese jJAna arthako kaise jAna sakatA hai| jo jJAnakA kAraNa artha hotA hai vahI jJAnake dvArA jAnA jAtA hai, aisA mAnanevAle vAdI arthakI utpadyamAnatAko kaise jAna sakate haiM ? arthakI utpadyamAnatAko pratIti utpadyamAna arthake samakAlabhAvI jJAnake dvArA hotI hai, yA pUrvakAlabhAvI jJAnake dvArA hotI hai athavA uttarakAlabhAvI jJAnake dvArA hotI hai ? samakAlabhAvI jJAnake dvArA to ho nahIM sakatI kyoMki samakAlabhAvI jJAna utpadyamAna arthakA kArya nahIM haiN| pUrvakAlabhAvI jJAnake dvArA bhI arthakI utpadyamAnatAko pratIti nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki usa kAlameM arthako utpadyamAnatAkA abhAva hai / aura jisakA abhAva hai use jJAna jAna nahIM sakatA kyoMki vaha usa jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM hai| uttarakAlabhAvI jJAna bhI arthakI utpadyamAnatAko nahIM jAna sakatA kyoMki usa kAlama vaha naSTa ho jAtI hai| sArAMza 17
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________________ jaina nyAya yaha hai ki arthase pUrvakAlabhAtrI jJAnake samayameM arthako utpadyamAnatA nahIM hai kintu utpatsyamAnatA hai aura uttarakAlabhAvI jJAnake samayameM utpannatA hai, utpadyamAnatA nahIM hai / 130 jo Izvara ke jJAnako nitya mAnate haiM, unake mata se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki jJAna akAraNabhUta arthako jAnatA hai / usI taraha hamArA jJAna bhI akAraNabhUta arthako yadi jAne to kyA hAni hai ? ataH jJAnakA artha ke sAtha anvayavyatireka na honese jJAna arthakA kArya siddha nahIM hotA / prakAzake jJAnakAraNatvakI samIkSA jJAna prakAzakA bhI kArya nahIM hai kyoMki jinakI A~kheM aMjana vagairaha se saMskRta hotI haiM unheM tathA billI vagairaha ke prakAzake abhAva meM bhI jJAnakI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai / zaMkA- yadi prakAza jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM hai to hameM andhakArameM bhI jJAna honA cAhie kintu aisA nahIM hotA / ataH prakAzake honepara jJAna hotA hai aura prakAzake nahIM honepara jJAna nahIM hotA / isalie jJAna prakAzakA kArya hai| prakAza aura jJAnameM anvayavyatireka honepara bhI kAryakAraNa bhAva nahIM mAnA jAtA hai to dhUma aura AgameM bho kAryakAraNa bhAvakA vyavasthApaka koI dUsarA nahIM hai / samAdhAna - yadi andhakAra avasthAmeM jJAna nahIM hotA to andhakArakA jJAna kaise hotA hai ? yadi jJAnake binA bhI andhakArakI pratIti ho sakatI haiM to anya arthoM kI pratIti bhI jJAnake binA ho jAyegI / aura aisI avasthA meM jJAnako kalpanA hI vyartha ho jAyegI / andhakArakI pratIti bhI ho ora jJAna na ho yaha to svavacanavirodha hai kyoMki pratItikA hI nAma jJAna hai / pUrvapakSa - andhakAra nAmaka koI padArtha hI nahIM hai jo jJAnakA viSaya ho / loka meM to jJAnake utpanna na hone ko hI andhakAra kahate haiM / uttara -- taba to prakAzakA bhI abhAva ho jAyegA kyoMki spaSTa jJAnake sivAya prakAza anya kucha nahIM hai / lokameM spaSTa jJAnako utpattiko hI prakAza kahate haiM / pUrvapakSa - prakAzake abhAva meM jJAna meM spaSTatA kaise A sakatI hai ? uttara--prakAzake abhAva meM bhI bilAva vagairahako rUpakA aura hama logoM ko rasAdikA spaSTa jJAna hotA hai /
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________________ pramANake bheda 131 tathA prakAzako viSaya karanevAle jJAnameM jo spaSTatA pAyI jAtI hai vaha spaSTatA prakRta jJAnake viSayabhUta prakAzase AtI hai, yA prakAzAntarase AtI hai, yA kisI anya kAraNase AtI hai ? yadi kisI anya kAraNase AtI hai to spaSTatA prakAzakRta nahIM huii| yadi vaha spaSTatA anya prakAzase AtI hai to usa anya prakAzako viSaya karanevAle jJAna meM spaSTatA anya prakAzase AyegI aura isa taraha anavasthA doSa AtA hai| yadi prakRta jJAnameM prakRta jJAnake viSayabhUta prakAzase hI spaSTatA AtI hai to jJAnameM spaSTatA apane viSayase hI AtI hai yahI kahA jaayegaa| aisI sthitimeM ghaTAdike jJAna meM spaSTatA ghaTAdise hI mAnanI caahie| pUrva0-ghaTAdi camakadAra nahIM hote, ataH unase jJAna meM spaSTatA nahIM aatii| uttara-taba to ghora a~dherI rAtameM vilAva Adike jJAnameM spaSTatAke abhAvakA prasaMga AtA hai| pUrva0-to phira dIpaka vagairahakA grahaNa vyartha ThaharatA hai kyoMki unake binA jJAna utpanna hotA hai| ___ uttara0-dIpakakA grahaNa vyartha nahIM hai kyoMki aMjanAdikI taraha dIpakake dvArA andhakArakA paTala dUra ho jAnese viSayameM to grAhyatA rUpa vizeSakI utpatti hotI hai aura indriya tathA manameM usa jJAnake janakatva rUpa vizeSako utpatti hotI hai| kintu isase prakAzako jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, anyathA paradA haTAnevAle hastAdiko bhI jJAnakA kAraNa mAnanA hogaa| ataH jaise jJAnake utpanna na honekA nAma hI andhakAra hai vaise hI spaSTa jJAnako utpatti ke sivAya prakAza bhI anya koI vastu na tthhregaa| pUrva0-isa pradezameM bahuta prakAza hai aura usameM manda prakAza hai, aisA lokavyavahAra dekhA jAtA hai ataH prakAza spaSTa jJAnotpatise bhinna vastu hai| uttara--to guphA vagairahameM ghanA andhakAra hai aura anyatra manda andhakAra hai kyA aisA lokavyavahAra nahIM hotA ? yadi yaha lokavyavahAra jhUThA hai to prakAzasambandhI ukta vyavahAra kaise saccA mAnA jA sakatA hai| ataH artha aura AkAza jJAnake kAraNa nahIM haiM / 1. matijJAna athavA sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa AcArya kundakundane kahA hai ki-'parakI sahAyatAse jo padArthoM kA jJAna hotA 1. pravaca0, gA0 56-58, a0 1 /
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________________ 132 jaina nyAya hai vaha parokSa hai| aura parakI sahAyatA binA kevala AtmAke dvArA jo padArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai vaha pratyakSa hai|' aba prazna hotA hai ki vaha 'para' kauna hai ? kundakunda kahate haiM-'indriyA~ paradravya hai kyoMki ve sparza, rasa, gandha, rUpa aura zabdako viSaya karatI haiM aura ye saba jar3a haiM / ataH dravyendriyA~ jar3asvarUpa haiM, jaba ki AtmA caitanya svarUpa hai / isalie 'para' indriyoMke dvArA jAnA huA padArtha pratyakSa nahIM ho sakatA vaha to parokSa hI hai| ___ AcArya pUjyapAda likhate haiM-'para' arthAt indriyA~, mana, prakAza, upadeza Adi bAhya nimittoMkI apekSA lekara utpanna honevAle matijJAna aura zrutajJAna parokSa haiM, kyoMki sUtrakArane indriya aura manakI sahAyatAse utpanna honevAle jJAnako matijJAna kahA hai aura zrutajJAnako matipUrvaka kahA hai| akalaMkadevane spaSTa jJAnako pratyakSa aura aspaSTa jJAnako parokSa kahA hai| cUMki cakSu Adi indriyoMke nimittase honevAlA jJAna ekadezase spaSTa hotA hai isalie vaha sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa hai| AcArya vidyAnandane tattvArthazlokavArtikameM strakAra aura akalaMkadevake kathanakI ekarUpatAko sundara rUpase ghaTita kiyA hai aura batalAyA hai ki'akalaMkadevake kathanase sUtrakArake kathana meM koI bAdhA upasthita nahIM hotI; kyoMki akalaMka devane akSa-AtmAse honevAle atIndriya jJAnako hI mukhya pratyakSa kahA hai| isa dRSTime indriya aura manase honevAlA matijJAna parApekSa honese parokSa hI hai| kintu usameM kucha spaSTatA pAyI jAtI hai aura lokavyavahAra meM use pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai isalie use sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahA hai / ' arthAvagraha aura vyaMjanAvagraha sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa athavA matijJAnake cAra bheda haiM-avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA / vastu ke sAtha indriyakA samparka honeke bAda jo arthakA jJAna hotA hai use avagraha kahate haiN| Azaya yaha hai ki cakSu Adi indriyoM aura ghaTAdi padArthoM kA samparka hote hI prathama darzana hotA hai| yaha darzana sAmAnyako grahaNa karatA hai| poche vahI darzana vastuke AkAra AdikA nirNaya honepara avagraha jJAna rUpa pariNata ho jAtA hai| avagrahake bho do bheda haiM-eka vyaMjanAvagraha aura eka arthAvagraha / aspaSTa grahaNako vyaMjanAvagraha kahate haiM aura spaSTa grahaNako arthAvagraha 1. sarvAtha0, pR0 111 / 2. laghIyastraya, kaa03| 3. pR0 182, kA0 181-183 / 4. nyA0 ku. ca0, pR0 116 /
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________________ pramANake bheda 133 kahate haiM / AcArya 'pUjyapAdane eka daSTAntake dvArA donoMkA bheda spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki- jaise miTTI ke naye sakorepara jalake do-cAra chIMTe dene se vaha gIlA nahIM hotA / kintu bAra-bAra pAnIke chIMTe dete rahanepara vaha korA sakorA dhIredhIre gIlA ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra zrotra Adi indriyoMmeM AyA huA zabda athavA gandha Adi do tIna kSaNa taka spaSTa nahIM hote / kintu bAra-bAra grahaNa karanepara spaSTa ho jAte haiM / ataH spaSTa grahaNase pahale vyaMjanAvagraha hotA hai pIche arthAvagraha hotA hai / kintu aisA koI niyama nahIM hai ki jaise avagraha jJAna darzanapUrvaka hI hotA hai vaise hI arthAvagraha bhI vyaMjanAvagrahapUrvaka hI ho, kyoMki arthAvagraha to pA~coM indriyoMse aura manase hotA hai kintu vyaMjanAvagraha cakSu aura manake sivA zeSa cAra hI indriyoMse hotA hai / Azaya yaha hai ki jo indriyA~ apane viSayako usase bhir3akara jAnatI haiM unhIMse vyaMjanAvagraha hotA hai / aisI indriyA~ kevala cAra haiM - sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa aura zrotra / ye cAroM indriyA~ apane viSaya se sambaddha honepara hI sparza, rasa, gandha aura zabdako jAnatI haiM / kintu cakSu aura mana apane viSayase dUra rahakara hI use jAnate haiN| tabhI to jo vastu A~kha ke atyanta najadIka hotI hai use vaha nahIM jAnatI jaise A~khameM lagA huA aMjana | isIse jaina darzana meM cakSuko aprApyakArI mAnA hai / cakSuke prApyakAritvaMkI AlocanA prArambhameM kara Aye haiM / ataH yahA~ usakI carcA karanA anAvazyaka hai / SaTkhaNDAgamake vargaNA khaNDakI dhavalA TIkA meM ( pu0 13, pR0 220 ) avagrahakA kathana thor3A prakArAntarase haiM jo isa prakAra hai - 'avagrahake do bheda haiM--vyaMjanAvagraha aura arthAvagraha / prApta arthake prathama grahaNako vyaMjanAvagraha aura aprApta artha grahaNako arthAvagraha kahate haiM / jo padArtha indriyase sambaddha hokara jAnA jAtA hai vaha prApta artha hai / aura jo padArtha indriyase sambaddha na hokara jAnA jAtA hai vaha aprApta artha hai / cakSu aura mana aprApta arthako hI jAnate haiM / zeSa cAra indriyA~ prApta aura aprApta donoM prakArake padArthoMko jAna sakatI haiM / sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa aura zrotra indriyA~ prApta arthako jAnatI haiM yaha to spaSTa hI hai / para yukti se unake dvArA aprApta arthakA jAnanA bhI siddha hai / pRthivImeM jisa ora nidhi pAyI jAtI hai, vanaspatikAyika jIvoMkA usa ora prArohako chor3anA dekhA jAtA hai / tathA Agama meM sparzana - indriyakA viSaya kSetra cAra sau dhanuSa, rasanAkA viSaya kSetra causaTha dhanuSa aura ghrANa indriyakA viSaya so dhanuSa 1. sarvA0 si0, sUtra 1 - 18 kI vyAkhyA / .
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________________ 134 jaina nyAya batalAyA hai| ataH Agamase bhI ina indriyoMkA aprApta arthako grahaNa karanA siddha hai|' sarvArthasiddhi aura tattvArthavArtikameM spaSTa grahaNako arthAvagraha aura aspaSTa grahaNako arthAvagraha likhA hai| kintu dhavelAmeM vIrasena svAmIne usakA niSedha karate hae likhA hai ki aisA mAnanese cAse bhI vyaMjanAvagrahakA prasaMga AtA hai kyoMki cakSase bhI aspaSTa grahaNa dekhA jAtA hai| kintu AgamameM cakSa aura manase vyaMjanAvagraha honekA niSedha hai / dhavalAmeM hI anyatra ( pu0 9, pR0 144-145 ) yaha zaMkA uThAyI hai ki avagraha nirNayarUpa hai yA anirNayarUpa hai ? yadi vaha nirNaya rUpa hai to avAyameM usakA antarbhAva honA caahie| aura yadi vaha anirNaya rUpa hai to vaha pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| isa zaMkAkA samAdhAna karate hue vorasena svAmIne avagrahake do prakAra vatalAye haiM.-eka vizadAvagraha aura dUsarA avizadAvagraha / unameM se vizada avagraha nirNaya rUpa hai aura vaha IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA jJAnako utpatti meM kAraNa hai| kintu nirNaya rUpa hote hue bhI usakA antarbhAva abhAvameM nahIM ho sakatA: kyoMki IhA jJAna ke pazcAt jo nirNayAtmaka jJAna hotA hai use ayAya kahate haiN| aura bhASA, Ayu, rUpa Adi vizeSoMko grahaNa na karake puruSamAtrako grahaNa karanevAle jJAnako avizadAvagraha kahate haiN| vyaMjanAvagraha aura arthAvagrahake sambandhameM zvetAmbarIya AgamamAnyatA bhinna hai| AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNane apane vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM ( gA0 194 se ) bahuta hI gambhIratA aura vistArase usakA vicAra kiyA hai| ataH use bho yahA~ diyA jAtA hai| zve0 Agamika mAnyatA jaise dIpakase ghaTa prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai vaise hI jisake dvArA artha prakaTa 1. 'arthAvagravyaJjanAvagrahayovyaMktAvyaktakRto vizeSaH / ..... vyaktagrahaNAt prAga vynyjnaavgrhH| vyaktagrahaNamarthAvagrahaH / sarvArthasi0 1-18 / 2. 'ko'rthAvagrahaH ? apraaptaarthgrhnnmrthaavgrhH| ko vyaJjanAvagrahaH ? prAptArthagrahaNaM vynyjnaavgrhH| na spaSTagrahaNamarthAvagrahaH, aspaSTagrahaNasya vyaJjanAvagrahatvaprasaMgAt / bhavatu cet , na, cakSuSyapyaspaSTagrahaNadarzanato vyaJjanAvagrahasya sattvaprasaMgAt / pu0 13, pR0 220 / 3. vize0 bhA0, gA0 164 se /
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________________ pramANake bheda 135 kiyA jAye use vyaMjana kahate haiM ( vyajyate prakaTIkriyate'rtho yena tad vyaJjanam ) / vaha vyaMjana hai-upakaraNa rUpa indriya aura zabdAdika rUpa pariNata dravyakA sambandha / Azaya yaha hai ki indriyake do bheda haiM-dravyendriya aura bhAvendriya / nirvRtti aura upakaraNako dravyendriya kahate haiM / nirvRttike bhI do bheda haiMantanivRtti aura bahinirvRtti / zrotra Adi pA~coM indriyoMkI aMgulake asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga Adi pramANako lekara, kramase kadambake phala ke AkAra, masUrake AkAra, vINAke AkAra, khurapeke AkAra aura zarIrAkAra racanA honeko antanivRtti kahate haiN| isa antanivRttikI jo zakti vizeSa zabda Adi viSayoMko jAnane meM hetu hai vaha upakaraNendriya hai| isa upakaraNendriya aura zabda Adi rUpa pariNata dravyake sambandhako vyaMjana kahate haiM / yahA~ itanA vizeSa jAnanA ki indriya, artha aura donoMkA sambandha, ye tonoM hI vyaMjana haiN| indriyake dvArA artha vyajyamAna hotA hai isa lie to indriyako vyaMjana kahA jAtA hai| aura artha vyajyamAna hai isalie use bhI vyaMjana kahate haiN| ataH indriya rUpa vyaMjanase artharUpa vyaMjanake avagrahakA nAma vyaMjanAvagraha hai| zaMkA-yaha vyaMjanAvagraha jJAnarUpa nahIM hai; kyoMki upakaraNa rUpaindriya aura zabdAdi rUpa pariNata dravyakA sambandha jisa kAlameM hotA hai usa kAlameM jJAnakA anubhava nahIM hotaa| jaise bahare manuSyoM kI upakaraNa 5pa indriyakA zabdAdi viSayoMke sAtha sambandha honeke samaya unheM kucha bhI jJAna nahIM hotaa| isI taraha yahA~ bhI jAnanA caahie| uttara-vyaMjanAvagraha ajJAnarUpa nahIM hai| kyoMki vyaMjanAvagrahakA anta honepara usI vyaMjanAvagrahase jJAnAtmaka arthAvagraha utpanna hotA hai| vyaMjanAvagrahameM yadyapi jJAnakA anubhava nahIM hotA tathApi vaha jJAnakA kAraNa honese jJAnarUpa hI hai| kintu isakA yaha matalaba nahIM hai ki vyaM janAvagrahake kAla meM jJAna hI nahIM hai / usa samaya bho jJAna hai kintu vaha ati alpa hai isalie usakA anubhava nahIM hotaa| hAM, bahare manuSyoMko jo zabdakA vyaMjanAvagraha hotA hai vaha to ajJAnarUpa hI hai; kyoMki vahA~ jJAnake kAraNa hI nahIM hai / zaMkA-jaba vyaMjanAvagrahake kAla meM jJAna kA anubhava nahIM hotA to usakA astitva kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? uttara-vyaMjanAvagrahakA kAla asaMkhyAta samaya hai aura prati samaya zrotra Adi indriyoM ke sAtha zabdAdi viSayoMkA sambandha hotA rahatA hai| aba yadi asaMkhyAta samaya taka zrotra Adi indriyoMke sAtha zabdAdi viSayoMkA sambandha hone para bhI
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________________ 136 jaina nyAya vyaMjanAvagrahako jJAnarUpa nahIM mAnA jAtA to antima samayameM usameM arthAvagraha rUpa jJAnako utpanna karanekI sAmarthya Apa kaise mAna sakate haiM ? arthAt yadi zabdAdi viSayoMkA zrotra Adi indriyoMke sAtha sambandha hone para prathama samayase lekara prati samaya prakaTa honevAlI jJAnakI jarA-sI bhI mAtrA Apa svIkAra nahIM karate to antima kSaNameM bhI usase koI jJAna utpanna nahIM ho sktaa| aura aisA hone para arthAvagraha Adi jJAna bhI utpanna nahIM ho skeNge| "ataH arthAvagrahake utpanna honese pahale jo atyanta aspaSTa jJAna rahatA hai use ho vyaM janAvagraha kahate haiM / antima samayameM vahI jJAna kucha spaSTa honepara arthAvagraha kahA jAtA hai / isalie yadyapi vyaMjanAvagraha kAlameM spaSTa rUpase jJAnakA sAdhaka koI liMga nahIM hai phira bhI ukta yuktike AdhArapara vyaM janAvagrahameM jJAnako siddhi hotI hai / usa vyaMjanAvagrahake cAra bheda hai; kyoMki indriya aura viSayakA jo paraspara meM sambandha hai vahI vyaMjanAvagraha hai / aura vaha sambandha sparzana, rasana, ghrANa aura zrotra ina cAra prApyakArI indriyoM meM hI hotA hai, cakSu aura manameM nahIM hotaa| ata: ina donoMko chor3akara zeSa cAra indriyoMke bhedase vyaMjanAvagraha cAra hI prakArakA hotA hai| zaMkA-yaha mAnA ki mana zarIrase nikalakara viSayake pAsa nahIM jaataa| phira bhI manase vyaMjanAvagraha ho sakatA hai; kyoMki siddhAntameM chadmasthakA upayoga asaMkhyAta samaya taka batalAyA hai| ata: upayogasambandhI asaMkhyAta samayoMmeM jova manovargaNAke dvArA ananta manodravyoMko grahaNa karatA hai| aura pahale Apane dravyoMko aura unake sambandhako vyaMjana batalAyA hai| ataH jaise zrotra-Adi indriyoMke dvArA asaMkhyAta samaya taka grahaNa kiye jAnevAle zabdAdi aura unakA sambandha vyaMjanAvagraha hai vaise hI yahA~ bhI asaMkhyAta samaya taka grahaNa kiye jAne vAle manodravya aura unakA sambandha kyoM vyaMjanAvagraha nahIM hai ? isake sivAya mana svasthAnameM rahate hue hI jaba apane zarIrakA athavA hRdayakA vicAra karatA hai to inake sAtha to manakA atyanta sAnnivya hai ataH use samaya bhI pUrvokta prakArase vyaM janAvagrahakA honA sambhava hai / phira Apa kaise kahate haiM ki manase vyaMjanAvagraha nahIM hotA ? uttara-zrotra Adi cAra indriyoMke dvArA grAhya jo zabdAdi viSaya haiM una viSayarUpa pariNata dravyoMke grahaNa karaneko hama vyaMjanAvagraha mAnate haiM / kintu mana grAhya nahIM hai, balki arthake jAnane meM kAraNa hai arthAt manake dvArA zabdAdi viSayoMko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| aisI sthitimeM vyaMjanAvagraha kaise sambhava hai ? grAhya 1. vize0 bhA0. gA0 237 se|
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________________ pramANake bheda vastukA grahaNa honepara hI vyaMjanAvagraha hotA hai| mana manodravyoMko grAhya (viSaya) rUpase grahaNa nahIM karatA kintu karaNarUpase grahaNa karatA hai| manakA grAhya ( viSaya ) to sumeru Adi padArtha haiN| ataH pUrvokta kathana asambaddha hI hai| tathA jaba mana apane zarIra, hRdaya AdikA vicAra karatA hai taba yadi prathama kSaNameM hI arthAvagraha na ho jAtA to vyaMjanAvagraha ho sakatA thA kintu aisA nahIM hai, kyoMki manase prathama samayameM ho arthAvagraha utpanna hotA hai| zrotra Adi indriyoMmeM to kSayopazama kI paTutA na honese prathama vyaMjanAvagrahakA honA ucita hai kintu manakA kSayopazama paTu honese cakSu indriyakI taraha prathama hI arthAvagraha ho jAtA hai / ataH manase vyaMjanAvagraha nahIM hotaa| zaMkA-jaba koI manuSya kevala manase padArthoMkA cintana karatA hai usa samaya bhale hI vyaMjanAvagraha na ho / kintu jaba zrotra Adi indriyase vaha padArthoko jAnatA hai to usa samaya manakA vyApAra honese manase vyaMjanAvagraha kyoM nahIM mAnate, kyoMki usa samaya ko Apane bhI anupalabdhi kAla mAnA hai ? uttara-yadyapi zrotra Adi indriyoMke upayoga kAla meM bhI manakA vyApAra hotA hai kintu vyaMjanAvagrahake kAlameM manakA vyApAra nahIM hotA, vyaMjanAvagrahake anantara hone vAle arthAvagrahase hI manakA vyApAra hotA hai| kyoMki vyaMjanAvagrahameM arthakA bodha nahIM hotA, vaha to arthabodhakA kAraNa hai| kintu mana to arthabodha rUpa hI hai| yadi vyaMjanAvagrahake samaya manakA vyApAra mAnA jAyegA to manase bhI vyaMjanAvagraha honese matijJAnake bhedoMkI saMkhyAmeM hI gar3abar3I paidA ho jaayegii| ___ ataH cakSu aura manase vyaMjanAvagraha na honeke kAraNa vyaMjanAvagrahake cAra hI bheda haiN| vyaMjanAvagrahakA viSaya Upara batalAyA hai ki arthAvagraha rUpa jJAnakA kAraNa honese vaha jJAnarUpa hai kintu avyakta hai / aba arthAvagrahakA viSaya batalAte haiM / arthAvagraha kA viSaya yadyapi sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka vastu hai kintu arthAvagraha usameM se sAmAnya rUpa vastuko hI grahaNa karatA hai, vizeSa rUpa vastuko grahaNa nahIM karatA; kyoMki arthAvagrahakA kAla eka samaya hai aura eka samayameM vizeSakA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA / tathA vaha sAmAnya rUpa vastu anirdezya hotI hai kyoMki arthAvagraha svarUpa, nAma, jAti AdikI kalpanAse rahita arthako viSaya karatA hai| zaMkA-yadi svarUpa nAma AdikI kalpanAse rahita artha arthAvagrahakA viSaya 1. vize0 bhA0, gA0 252 / 18
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________________ jaina nyAya hai to yaha bAta nandisUtra ke viruddha jAtI hai / nandisUtra meM likhA hai ki kisI puruSane avyakta zabda sunaa| vaha arthAvagrahake dvArA 'zabda'ko grahaNa karatA hai kintu vaha nahIM jAnatA ki kisakA zabda hai| Apa to arthAvagrahakA viSaya sarvathA zabda Adike ullekhase rahita batalAte haiM ? uttara-prathama to 'vaha manuSya zabdako grahaNa karatA hai' yahA~ zabdakA ullekha sUtrakArakI orase huA hai, grahaNa karanevAleko orase nahIM / dUsare vaha manuSya rUpa, rasa Adi vizeSoMse vyAvRtta nizcita zabdako grahaNa na karake zabdamAtrako grahaNa karatA hai, basa itane aMzameM hI use zabdakA grahaNa kahA jAtA hai| kintu zabdabuddhise vaha zabdakA grahaNa nahIM krtaa| kyoMki zabdakA ullekha eka antarmuhUta kAlameM hotA hai aura arthAvagrahakA kAla eka samaya hai| ataH arthAvagrahameM zabdakA ullekha honA asambhava hI hai / zaMkA-yadi arthAvagrahameM zabdakA nizcayAtmaka jJAna ho to hAni kyA hai ? uttara-taba to vaha arthAvagraha na rahakara avAya hI ho jAyegA; kyoMki nizcayAtmaka jJAna avAya rUpa hotA hai / zaMkA-prathama samayameM hI rUpa, rasa Adise vyAvRta 'yaha zabda hai' isa jJAnako arthAvagraha mAnie; kyoMki arthAvagrahakA viSaya sAmAnya rUpa kahA hai aura yahA~ bhI zabdamAtrako viSaya karatA hai isalie sAmAnya rUpa viSaya hai hii| bAdameM jo yaha vimarza buddhi hotI hai ki isa zabdameM zaMkhakI AvAz2ake guNa haiM, siMgekI AvAja ke dharma nahIM haiM, yaha IhA hai / ataH 'yaha zabda zaMkhakA hI hai' yaha avAya hai| aisA mAnane meM kyA hAni hai ? uttara-yadi 'yaha zabda hai' isa nizcaya jJAnako Apa arthAvagraha mAnate haiM, aura 'yaha zabda zaMkhakA hI hai' isa jJAnako avAya kahate haiM to avagrahakA lopa hI ho jAyegA kyoMki Apane prArambhameM hI avAya jJAna svIkAra kara liyaa| zaMkA-'yaha zabda hai' yaha jJAna avAya kaise hai ? uttara-----kyoMki vizeSako grahaNa karatA hai / Apa bhI to vizeSajJAnako avAya mAnate haiN| zaMkA-'yaha zabda zaMkhakA hI hai' uttarakAlameM honevAlA yaha jJAna hI vizeSako grahaNa karatA hai| yaha zabda hai' isa jJAna meM to zabda sAmAnya kA hI pratibhAsa hotA hai, vizeSakA pratibhAsa nahIM hotaa| taba ise avAya kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ?
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________________ pramANake bheda uttara-'yaha zabda hai, azabda nahIM hai' isa prakArakA jJAna vizeSagrAhI hI hai; kyoMki rUpa Adise vyAvRtta zabdako grahaNa karatA hai / yadi rUpa Adise vyAvRtta zabdako grahaNa na karatA to 'yaha zabda hai' isa prakArakA nizcaya bhI na hotaa| ataH 'yaha zabda hai, azabda nahIM hai' yaha jJAna vizeSagrAhI honese avAya kyoM nahIM kahA jAyegA aura usa avasthAmeM avagrahake abhAvakA prasaMga upasthita hogaa| ___ zaMkA-zabda mAtrako viSaya karanevAlA jJAna avAya nahIM hai kintu avagraha hI hai; kyoMki usameM vizeSakA grahaNa bahuta thor3A hai| 'yaha zabda zaMkhakA hai| ityAdi vizeSaNase viziSTa jo jJAna hotA hai vahI apAya hai; kyoMki usameM vizeSa kA grahaNa adhika hai| uttara-'jo thor3e-se vizeSako grahaNa karatA hai vaha apAya nahIM hai' yadi aisA niyama banAyA jAyegA to apAya jJAnakA hI lopa ho jAyegA; kyoMki uttarottara vizeSa-vizeSa arthako grahaNa karanevAle jJAnoMkI apekSA arthavizeSako grahaNa karane vAle sabhI pUrva-pUrva jJAna thor3e-thor3e vizeSake grAhaka tthhreNge| ataH sabhI arthAvagraha kahalAyeMge / ataH ukta kathana ThIka nahIM hai / tathA 'yaha zabda hai athavA azabda hai' isa prakArako IhA hue binA 'yaha zabda hI hai' isa prakArakA nizcaya jJAna kaise ho sakatA hai ? yadi Apa aisA mAnate haiM ki 'nizcayase pahale IhA huI usake bAda 'zabda hI hai' aisA nizcaya jJAna huA; to yaha prazna hotA hai ki IhAse pahale jJAtA ne jisa vastuko grahaNa kiyA vaha kyA hai jisameM IhAke hone ke pazcAt 'yaha zabda hI hai' yaha nizcayajJAna utpanna hotA hai ? yadi vaha nAma jAti AdikI kalpanA se rahita sAmAnya mAtra hai to IhAse pahale usa sAmAnya mAtrako grahaNa karaneke lie kucha kAla honA cAhie jisa kAlame usako grahaNa kiyA jA ske| vaha kAla hamArA mAnA huA arthAvagraha kAla to ho nahIM sakatA; anyathA Apako hamArA mata mAnanA pdd'egaa| kintu hamAre mAne hue arthAvagrahase pahale hI kucha kAla honA cAhie / aba usase pahale to vyaMjanAvagrahakA hI kAla hai / kintu usa kAlameM sAmAnya rUpa athavA vizeSa rUpa kisI bhI arthakA grahaNa sambhava nahIM hai; kyoMki usa samaya manake binA kevala indriyakA vyApAra hai| ataH yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki arthAvagraha hI sAmAnya grahaNa rUpa hai usake bAda IhA hotI hai / aura IhAke bAda 'yaha zabda hI hai' yaha apAya nAmakA nizcaya jJAna hotA hai| . zaMkA-turantakA janmA huA bAlaka avyakta sAmAnya mAtra vastuko grahaNa kare isameM koI vivAda nahIM hai kyoMki usake lie saba viSaya aparicita hai| kintu jo viSayase paricita hai usako to zabda sunate hI usake vizeSa dharmoMkA
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________________ 140 jaina nyAya jJAna ho jAtA hai / uttara - yadi viSayase paricita vyaktiko arthAvagrahake kAlameM avyakta zabdajJAnake sthAna meM vyakta zabda- jJAnakA honA mAnA jAyegA to jo vyakti viSayase aura bhI adhika paricita hai usako usI kAlameM vyakta zabdajJAnake sthAna meM 'yaha zabda zaMkhakA hai' ityAdi rUpa aura bhI adhika viziSTa jJAna honekA prasaMga upasthita hogA / zaMkA- kisI-kisI vyaktiko prathama samaya meM hI bahuvizeSayukta jJAna hotA hI hai / uttara - taba to sabhI matijJAna avagraha rUpa hI ho jAyeMge / athavA sabhI matijJAna apAya rUpa hI ho jAyeMge; kyoMki arthAvagrahameM nizcaya rUpa vizeSa jJAna kA honA Apa svIkAra karate haiM aura nizcaya jJAna apAya hai / anya bhI aneka doSa upasthita hoMge aura avagraha, IhA, avAya tathA dhAraNAkA krama bhI nahIM banegA | ataH arthAvagrahake kAlameM avyakta jJAna hI mAnanA cAhie / zaMkA - koI-koI vAdI AlocanA jJAnapUrvaka avagraha jJAnakA honA mAnate haiM / sAmAnya vastukA grAhI jJAna AlocanA jJAna hai / usake bAda zabdakA avagraha hotA hai / isameM Apako kyA Apatti hai ? uttara- -yaha sAmAnyagrAhI AlocanA jJAna vyaMjanAvagraha se pahale hotA hai, yA pIche hotA hai athavA vaha vyaMjanAvagraha rUpa hI hai ? pahale to ho nahIM sakatA; kyoMki arthakA aura indriyakA sambandha honepara hI sAmAnya arthakA grahaNa ho sakatA hai, kintu vyaMjanAvagrahase pahale una donoMkA sambandha nahIM hotA / yadi ho to vahI vyaMjanAvagraha hai / tathA vyaMjanAvagrahake antima kSaNa meM arthAvagraha hI ho jAtA hai / ataH AlocanA jJAna vyaMjanAvagrahake pazcAt bhI nahIM ho sakatA / pArizeSya se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki vaha vAdI vyaMjanAvagrahako hI AlocanA jJAna rUpase mAnate haiM / kintu yadi AlocanA jJAna meM sAmAnya arthakA darzana hotA hai to vaha vyaMjanAvagraha nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki vyaMjanAvagrahameM arthakA grahaNa nahIM hotA / ataH arthAvagraha hI sAmAnya arthakA grAhaka hai / isase bhinna AlocanA jJAna koI nahIM hai / zaMkA - jaina siddhAnta meM kSitra avagraha, cira avagraha, bahu avagraha, bahuvidha avagraha Adi bAraha bheda avagrahake kahe haiM / ina bhedoMse prakaTa hotA hai ki arthAvagrahakA kAla eka samaya mAtra nahIM hai, kyoMki eka samaya meM kSipra, cira Adi
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________________ pramANake bheda 141 vizeSaNoMkA grahaNa nahIM ho sktaa| ata: arthAvagrahakA kAla asaMkhyAta samaya bhI honA caahie| tathA zaMkha bherI Adi bahuta-se vAditroMko sunakara kSayopazamakI vicitratAke kAraNa koI zrotA to kevala zabda mAtrako grahaNa karatA hai, koI bahuta. se zabdoMko grahaNa karatA hai, aura koI unake aneka bheda-prabhedoMko grahaNa karatA hai| ataH arthAvagrahameM kahIM sAmAnya grahaNa aura kahIM vizeSa grahaNa bhI hotA hai yaha siddha hai| uttara-baha, bahuvidha Adi vizeSa dharmoMkA jo nizcayAtmaka jJAna hai vaha sAmAnya arthake grahaNa binA, tathA IhAke binA nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki vaha to apAya rUpa hai taba aisA nizcAyaka jJAna arthAvagrahameM kaise ho sakatA hai ? yaha bAta hama kaI bAra kaha cuke haiN| zaMkA-yadi bahu, bahuvidha vagairahakA grAhaka jJAna apAya hI hai to siddhAntameM avagraha Adiko bhI bahu AdikA grAhaka kyoM kahA hai ? uttara-avagraha Adi apAya jJAnake kAraNa haiM aura kAraNameM kAryakA svarUpa yogyatAkI apekSA rahatA hai / isalie upacArase avagraha Adiko bhI bahu AdikA grAhaka kahA hai / ata: koI doSa nahIM hai| zaMkA-yadi Apa isa tarahase upavAra karate haiM to hama bhI apAyase hone vAle vizeSa jJAnakA upacAra arthAvagrahameM kara sakate hai| uttara-yadi Apa apAyagata vizeSa jJAnakA upacAra arthAvagrahameM karate haiM to vaha upacAra jisa prakArase kiyA jA sakatA hai usa prakArako samajha liijie| sabase prathama jo arthAvagraha hotA hai, vaha nirupa carita arthAvagraha hai| usakA kAla eka samaya hai tathA vaha sAmAnya mAtrakA grAhaka hai| usa nirupacarita arthAvagrahake bAda Ihita vastuvizeSakA jo apAyajJAna hotA hai vaha apAya Age honevAlI IhA aura apAyakI apekSA upacarita arthAvagraha hai| Azaya yaha hai-prathama naizcayika ( nirupacarita ) arthAvagrahameM rUpa Adise avyAvRtta avyakta zabdAdi rUpa sAmAnya vastukA grahaNa hotA hai / usameM IhAjJAna honepara yaha zabda ho hai' ityAdi nizcayarUpa apAya jJAna hotA hai / isake bAda yaha zabda zaMkhakA hai athavA siMgekA hai' isa prakAra punaH IhA hotI hai| usake phalasvarUpa 'yaha zabda zaMkhakA hI hai| yaha nizcayAtmaka apAya jJAna hotA hai| isa dUsare apAya jJAnakI apekSA 'yaha zabda ho hai' yaha pahalA nizcaya jJAna apAya hote hue bhI upacArase arthAvagraha kahA jAtA hai| arthAt jisake pazcAt bhI IhA aura apAya jJAna hote haiM tathA jo
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________________ jaina nyAya 142 sAmAnya grAhI hai vaha arthAvagraha hai jaise prathama nirupacarita arthAvagraha | 'yaha zabda hI hai' isa apAya jJAnake pazcAt bhI IhA aura apAya jJAna hote haiM tathA 'yaha zabda zaMkhakA hI hai' isa AgAmI vizeSa jJAnakI apekSA yaha sAmAnyagrAhI bhI hai / ataH use upacArase arthAvagraha kahate haiM / isa dUsare apAya jJAnake pazcAt bhI yadi jJAtAko aura bhI vizeSatAe~ jAnanekI AkAMkSA ho to Age honevAlI hA aura apAyakI apekSA se tathA bhAvI vizeSa jJAnakI apekSA sAmAnyagrAhI hone se vaha dUsarA apAya bhI upacArase arthAvagraha hotA hai / isa taraha jabataka pramAtAkI uttarottara vizeSakI jijJAsA zAnta nahIM hotI taba taka vyAvahArika arthAvagraha IhA aura apAyakI paramparA calatI rahatI hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki viSayako jAnaneke lie jaba taka usake antima vizeSakA jJAna na ho jAye tabataka sarvatra IhA aura apAya jJAna hI hote haiM, arthAvagraha nahIM hotA / arthAvagraha to kevala eka bAra prArambhameM eka samaya ke lie hI hotA hai / kintu vyavahAra ke lie pahale-pahalekA apAya jJAna uttarottara honevAle IhA aura apAyako apekSA upacArase arthAvagraha kahA jAtA hai| isa aupacArika athavA vyAvahArika arthAvagrahako mAna lenepara pahale diye hue doSoMkA parihAra ho jAtA hai / tathA loka meM jo sAmAnyaya vizeSakA ApekSika vyavahAra pracalita hai vaha bhI aupacArika avagrahake honepara hI banatA hai / lokameM jo vizeSa hai vahI apekSAse sAmAnya kahA jAtA hai aura sAmAnya haiM vahI apekSAse vizeSa kahalAtA hai / jaise, 'yaha zabda hI hai' isa prakArase jAnA gayA artha pUrva sAmAnyakI apekSA vizeSa hai / aura 'yaha zabda zaMkhakA hI hai' isa uttara vizeSakI apekSA sAmAnya hai / santAna rUpase pracalita yaha sAmAnya vizeSakA vyavahAra aupacArika avagrahake honepara hI banatA hai, kyoMki yadi aupacArika avagraha nahIM mAnA jAyegA to prathama apAya jJAnake pazcAt IhA jJAna nahIM hogA / aura IhA jJAnake na honese uttarottara vizeSakA jJAna nahIM hogaa| uttarottara vizeSakA jJAna na honese prathama apAya jJAna ke dvArA nizcita artha vizeSarUpa hI rahegA, sAmAnyarUpa nahIM ThaharegA / ataH pUrvokta lokaprasiddha sAmAnya vizeSakA vyavahAra naSTa ho jaayegaa| ataH prathama apAya jJAnake pazcAt IhA jJAna mAnanA hI hogA / aura IhAke pazcAt punaH apAya jJAna hogA / usa apAyakI apekSA prathama apAyase nirNIta artha sAmAnya rUpa ThaharegA aura jo ukta sAmAnyako grahaNa karatA hai vaha arthAvagraha hai / ataH arthAvagraha do prakArakA hotA hai - eka naizcayika arthAvagraha aura eka vyAvahArika arthAvagrah / * zaMkA- kyA naizcayika arthAvagrahameM cira, kSitra, bahu, bahuvidha Adi vizeSaNoM
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________________ pramANake bheda kA grahaNa nahIM hotA jo vyAvahArika arthAvagrahako mAnate ho ? uttara --- hA~, mukhya rUpase vyAvahArika arthAvagrahameM hI ukta vizeSaNa banate haiM kintu kAraNa meM kAryakA upacAra karanese naizcayika arthAvagraha meM bhI bana jAte haiM / zvetAmbarAcArya jinabhadra gaNi kSamAzramaNake vizeSAvazyaka bhASya tathA AcArya malayagiri kRta usake vyAkhyAnake AdhArapara yaha lambI carcA Upara kI gayI hai usakA sArAMza isa prakAra haiM 143 1. indriya aura arthake sambandha honeko vyaMjanAvagraha kahate haiM / isakA kAla asaMkhyAta samaya hai | vyaMjanAvagraha jJAna rUpa nahIM hai / kintu vyaMjanAvagrahake antima kSaNa meM vyaMjanAvagraha ho arthAvagraha rUpa ho jAtA hai aura arthAvagraha jJAnarUpa hai, ataH jJAnakA kAraNa honese vyaMjanAvagraha ko bhI jJAnarUpa mAna liyA jAtA hai; kyoMki yadi vyaMjanAvagrahake kAlameM kucha bhI jJAnAMza na ho to vaha arthAvagraha rUpa pariNamana nahIM kara sakatA / 2. arthAvagrahakA kAla eka samaya hai / vaha sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka vastu meM se kevala sAmAnyarUpa vastuko grahaNa karatA hai / vaha sAmAnya rUpa vastu anirdezya hotI hai / arthAt arthAvagraha viSayako kisI AkAra, nAma, jAti Adike dvArA kahA nahIM jA sakatA / zAstrakAroMne jo arthAvagrahake viSayakA udAharaNa 'zabda' diyA hai so samajhAne ke lie diyA hai kyoMki 'yaha zabda hai' yaha jJAna nizcayarUpa hai; kyoMki rUpa Adiko vyAvRtti karake zabdakA nizcaya karatA hai / kintu arthAvagraha meM itaravyAvRtti sambhava nahIM hai; kyoMki usakA kAla eka samaya hai tathA isIse vaha nizcaya rUpa nahIM hai, nizcaya rUpa jJAna to kevala avAya hai / 3. zAstrakAroMne jo bahu bahuvidha Adi rUpase avagrahake bAraha bheda kiye haiM so bahu, Adi vizeSaNoM kA grahaNa vAstavika arthAvagrahameM to upacArase hI sambhava hai / hAM, aupacArika arthAvagrahameM hotA hai / ata: arthAvagraha bhI do prakArakA hai eka asalI aura eka nakalI / asalI arthAvagraha to vahI hai jo sabase prathama hotA hai / usa asalI arthAvagrahake pazcAt IhA aura phira atrAya hotA hai / isa avAyake dvArA katipaya vizeSakA nirNaya hotA hai aura uttarottara vizeSakA nirNaya karaneke lie IhAke bAda apAya aura apAyake bAda IhAkA krama tabataka calatA rahatA hai jabataka jJAtAko jijJAsA zAnta na ho / ataH isa jJAnadhArAmeM pahale-pahalekA apAya jJAna apane uttara apAya jJAnakI apekSA sAmAnyagrAhI honese aupacArika arthAvagraha kahA jAtA hai / *
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________________ 144 jaina nyAya digambara mAnyatA digambarAcAryoMke vivecanake sAtha zvetAmbarAcAryoMke ukta mantavyoMkI tulanA karanepara donoMmeM bahuta antara pratIta hotA hai| digambara paramparAmeM avagrahakA jo svarUpa mAnA jAtA hai usakA AdhAra pUjyapAdakI sarvArthasiddhi hai| usameM likhA hai ki 'viSaya aura viSayIkA sannipAta honepara darzana hotA hai usake pazcAt jo arthakA grahaNa hotA hai use avagraha kahate haiN| jaise cakSase sapheda raMgako grahaNa karanA / AcArya akalaMkadevane isI lakSaNako apanAyA hai / ve spaSTa rUpase avagrahako nirNayAtmaka kahate haiM jaba ki Agamake anuyAyI zvetAmbarAcArya apAyako hI nirNayAtmaka mAnate haiN| kintu dArzanika zvetAmbarAcAryoMne isa viSayameM bhI apane pUrvaja akalaMkakA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| udAharaNake lie, abhayadeva sUrine sanmatitarkakI dokAmeM, AcArya hemacandra ne apanI pramANa mImAMsAmeM aura deva sUrite apane pramANanaya tattvAloka nAmaka sUtragranthameM akalaMkokta lakSaNako hI apanAyA hai aura avanahako spaSTa rUpase nirNayAtmaka mAnA hai| ina dArzanikoMkA kahanA hai ki avagraha darzanapUrvaka hotA hai| darzanakA viSaya sattAsAmAnya hai ata: avagraha avAntara sAmAnyAkAra manuSyatva Adi jAti vizeSase viziSTa vastuko grahaNa karatA hai| kintu zvetAmbara dArzanika yazovijayane dArzanika paramparAkA anusaraNa na karake zvetAmbara Agamika paramparAke anusAra hI jaina tarka bhASA aura jJAnabindumeM avagrahakA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / isa taraha avagrahake svarUpako lekara zvetAmbara paramparAke dArzanikoM aura AgamikoMmeM matabheda hai athavA dArzanika isa viSayameM Agamika mAnyatAko sthAna nahIM dete, yaha kahA jA sakatA hai / avagrahase pahale honevAle darzanake svarUpako lekara isI tarahakA eka matabheda digambara paramparAmeM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| cUMki prakRta carcAse darzanakA bhI sambandha hai ataH yahA~ darzanake viSayameM carcA karanA aprAsaMgika nahIM hai| darzana aura avagraha digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoMmeM darzanako anAkAra tathA sAmAnya1. "viSayaviSayisannipAte sati darzanaM bhvti| tadanantaramarthasya grhnnmvgrhH| -sarvArtha0 1-15 / 2. pR0 553 / 3. a0 1, A.0 1, sU0 26 / 4. pari0 2, sU0 7 /
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________________ pramANake bheda 145 grAhI mAnA hai / tathA jJAnako sAkAra aura vizeSagrAhI mAnA hai / pahale darzana hotA hai phira jJAna hotA hai / kintu digambara paramparA kevalajJAnIke darzana aura jJAna eka sAtha mAnatI hai / AcArya pUjyapAda kahate haiM ki viSaya aura viSayIkA sannipAta honepara darzana hotA hai / akalaMkadeva usako spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki indriya aura arthakA yoga honepara sattA sAmAnyakA darzana hotA hai / arthAt ve darzanakA viSaya batalA dete haiM / yahI sanmAtra darzana anantara samaya meM 'arthAkAra - vikalpadhI : ' ho jAtA hai arthAt arthake AkArakA nirNAyaka ho jAtA hai vahI avagraha hai / darzana aura avagrahake bhedako carcA karate hue akalaMkadeva tattvArthavArtika meM kahate haiM 'cakSuke dvArA 'kucha hai' isa prakArake nirAkAra abalokanako darzana kahate haiN| jaise, turantake janme hue bAlakako A~kha kholate hI jo prathama avalokana hotA hai. jisameM vastu ke vizeSa dharmo kA bhAna nahIM hotA, vaha darzana hai, vaise hI sabhIko pahale darzana hotA hai / usake pazcAt do tIna samaya taka A~kheM TimaTimAne para 'yaha rUpa hai' isa prakAra vizeSatAko liye hue avagraha hotA hai / A~kheM kholate hI bAla zizuko jo darzana hotA hai yadi vaha avagrahakA sajAtIya honese jJAna hai to vaha mithyA jJAna hai athavA samyagjJAna hai ? yadi mithyAjJAna hai to vaha saMzaya hai ? viparyaya hai ? athavA anadhyavasAya hai ? vaha saMzaya yA viparyaya jJAna to ho nahIM sakatA; kyoMki bacce kI ceSTAe~ samyagjJAnamUlaka dekhI jAtI haiM / tathA prathamahI prathama saMzaya aura viparyaya ho bhI nahIM sakate / jaba koI sIpa aura cA~dIko dekha letA hai usake pazcAt hI use sAmane par3I huI vastu meM sIpa ora cA~dIkA bhrama hotA hai / tathA vaha anadhyavasAya bhI nahIM hai; kyoMki use vastu mAtrakA darzana ho rahA hai / ataH baccekA prAthamika avalokana mithyAjJAna to nahIM hai / aura na samyagjJAna hI hai kyoMki usameM vastuke AkArakA bodha nahIM hai / ataH yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki avagrahase pahale darzana hotA hai / ' isa taraha akalaMka devane avagraha aura darzana meM bheda siddha karate hue 'kucha hai' isa prakAra ke vastu mAtrake grAhIko darzana aura 'vaha rUpa hai' isa prakAra vastuvizeSa grAhIko avagraha jJAna kahA hai / 1. sarvArtha0 115 / 2. 'akSArthayoge sattAloko'rthAkAravikalpadhIH / ' laghIyastraya, kA0 5 3. tattvArthavArtika, pR0 43-44 / 19
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________________ jaina nyAya ___ yahAM yaha batalA denA ucita hogA ki sabhI jainetara dArzanika yaha mAnate haiM ki sabase pahale indriya aura viSayakA sannikarSa hotA hai| phira nirvikalpaka jJAna hotA hai| mImAMsaka kumArila bhaTTa likhate haiM ki-'sabase prathama AlocanA jJAna hotA hai / vaha nirvikalpaka hotA hai, zuddha vastuse janya hotA hai tathA mUka zizuke jJAnake sadRza hotA hai'| AcArya jinabhadrane bhI avagrahakI carcA karate hue AlocanA pUrvaka avagraha jJAnake honeko carcA kI hai jisakA varNana pahale kara Aye haiM, aura unhoMne AlocanA jJAnako vyaMjanAvagraha mAnA hai; kyoMki indriya aura arthakA sambandha honepara AlocanA jJAna hotA hai aura tabhI vyaMjanAvagraha mAnA gayA hai| kintu yadi AlocanA jJAnameM sAmAnya arthakA grahaNa hotA hai to vaha arthAvagrahase bhinna nahIM hai / tathA akalaMkadevakI ukta carcAmeM mUka zizu ke prathama darzanako avagrahase vilakSaNa siddha karake avagrahase pahale darzanako sattA siddha kI gayI hai| ataH kumArilake AlocanA jJAnako akalaMkadevane darzana mAnA hai| isI taraha bauddhoMke nirvikalpaka jJAnako bhI akalaMkadevane pratyakSa jJAna na mAnakara darzana mAnA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki jaina darzanameM savikalpaka jJAnase pahale kisI nivikalpaka jJAnakA astitva nahIM mAnA gayA, jabaki anya darzanoMmeM mAnA gayA / ataH akalaMkadevane usakI tulanA darzanase kI, kyoMki jaina darzanameM jJAnako darzana pUrvaka mAnA hai tathA usakA viSaya sattAsAmAnya hai| akalaMkadevakI isa mAnyatAko bhI unake uttarAdhikArI donoM paramparAoMke dArzanikoMne svIkAra kiyaa| kintu digambara Agamika paramparAmeM darzanakA viSaya kucha aura hI mAnA gayA hai jisakI carcA dhavalA aura jayadhavalA TokAmeM tathA bRhadravyasaMgrahakI TIkAmeM kI gayI hai| di0 paramparAmeM darzanake svarUpameM bheda akalaMkadeva kRta laghIyastraya nAmaka granthakI eka tAtparyavRtti abhayacandra sUri ne racI hai| unhoMne usakI pAMcavIM kArikAkA, jisameM avagrahakA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai, vyAkhyAna karate hue isa carcAko uThAyA hai jo isa prakAra hai zaMkA-isa matijJAna ke prakaraNameM darzanakI carcA kyoM kI gayI ? usakA to yahAM koI prakaraNa nahIM hai ? 1. 'asti hyAlocanajJAnaM prathamaM nirvikalpakam / bAlamUkA divijJAnasadRzaM zuddhavastu jam // ' mImAMsA zlo0, pratyakSa0, zlo0 111 / 2. laghIyastraya, pR0 14 /
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________________ pramANake bheda 147 uttara--jJAnase pahale darzana hotA hai; kyoMki AgamameM chadmasthoMke darzanapUrvaka jJAnakA honA batalAyA hai / zaMkA--siddhAntameM to svarUpagrahaNako darzana kahA hai| aura yahA~ sAmAnyagrahaNako darzana kahA hai / yaha kathana siddhAntase viruddha kyoM nahIM hai ? uttara--donoM kathanoMmeM abhiprAyakA bheda hai| yaha nyAyazAstra hai| nyAyazAstra dUsaroMke vivAdoMkA nirAkaraNa karatA hai| ataH anya nyAyazAstriyoM dvArA mAne gaye nirvikalpaka darzanako apramANa ThaharAne ke lie syAhAdiyoMne sAmAnya grahaNako darzana kahA hai, kyoMki chadmastha jIva jaba svarUpako grahaNa karate haiM usa samaya ve bAhya arthako grahaNa nahIM kara sakate / aura prAmANya kA vicAra bAhya artha kI apekSAse hI kiyA jAtA hai; kyoMki vaha vyavahArameM upayogI hai| vyavahArI puruSa svarUpake prakAzanake lie dIpakako nahIM khojate / ataH darzana bAhya arthavizeSake vyavahArake lie upayogI nahIM hai| usake lie to pramANa jJAna hI upayogI hai kyoMki vaha savikalpaka hotA hai| kintu yathArthameM svarUpa grahaNako hI darzana kahate haiN| isIse kevaloke darzana aura jJAna eka sAtha hote haiN| yadi sAmAnya grahaNako darzana kahA jAyegA to jJAnakA viSaya sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka vastu nahIM tthhregii|' ___ isa carcAse spaSTa hai ki jaina dArzanikoMmeM darzanakA jo svarUpa mAnA jAtA hai vaha saiddhAntika paramparAke anukUla nahIM hai kintu dArzanika kSetrakI gutthiyoMko sulajhAnekA pariNAma hai| bRhadravyasaMgrahake TIkAkArane darzanakA saiddhAntika aura tArkika rUpa vistArase batalAyA hai / ve likhate haiM-'nyAyazAstrake abhiprAyase sattAvalokana rUpa darzanakA vyAkhyAna kiyA aba siddhAntazAstrake abhiprAyAnusAra kahate haiM / jo prayatna Age honevAle jJAnakI utpattimeM nimitta hai usa prayatna rUpa jo apanI AtmAkA avalokana hai usako darzana kahate haiN| usa darzanake pazcAt hI jo bAhya viSayake vikalpa rUpase padArthakA grahaNa hotA hai vaha jJAna hai / jaise, koI puruSa ghaTako jAna rahA hai| pIche usakA citta paTako jAnaneke lie huaa| taba vaha ghaTake vikalpase haTakara jo svarUpakA avalokana karatA hai vaha darzana hai| usake anantara 'yaha paTa hai' isa prakAra jo bAhya viSayakA nizcaya karatA hai, vaha jJAna hai / zaMkA--yadi darzanako AtmAkA grAhaka aura jJAnako parakA grAhaka kahA 1. pR0 171-174 /
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________________ 3. jaina nyAya - jAyegA to jaise naiyAyika matameM jJAna apaneko nahIM jAnatA, vaise hI jainamata meM bhI jJAna apaneko nahIM jAnegA' yaha dUSaNa AtA hai / 148 uttara -- naiyAyika mata meM jJAna aura darzana nAmake do bhinna guNa nahIM haiM / ataH usake mata meM AtmAko na jAnanekA dUSaNa AtA hai / kintu jainamatameM jJAnaguNa paradravyako jAnatA hai aura darzana guNa AtmAko jAnatA hai / ataH AtmAko na jAnane kA dUSaNa nahIM aataa| kyoMki jaise eka hI agni jalAneke kAraNa dAhaka aura pakAne ke kAraNa pAcaka isa taraha do rUpa kahI jAtI hai vaise hI abhedanayase eka hI caitanya bhedanayakI vivakSA honepara viSaya bhedase do rUpa ho jAtA hai / jaba vaha caitanya AtmAko grahaNa karatA hai to use darzana kahate haiM / pIche jaba vaha para dravyako grahaNa karatA hai to use hI jJAna kahate haiM / isake viparIta yadi sAmAnyagrahaNako darzana aura vizeSagrahaNako jJAna kahA jAtA hai to jJAna pramANa nahIM tthhrtaa| kyoMki pramANa vastukA grAhaka hai aura vastu sAmAnya- vizeSAtmaka hai kintu jJAna vastu ke ekadeza vizeSako hI grahaNa karatA hai, pUrNa vastuko grahaNa nahIM karatA / aura siddhAnta meM nizcayanayase guNa aura guNoko abhinna batalAyA hai ataH saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAyase rahita jJAna svarUpa AtmA hI pramANa hai / vaha AtmA dIpakakI taraha svameM aura parameM vidyamAna sAmAnya aura vizeSako jAnatA hai / isalie abheda dRSTise vahI pramANa hai / zaMkA -- yadi darzana bAhya viSayako nahIM jAnatA to vaha andheke tulya huA / ataH sabhI manuSya andhe ThahareMge ? uttara -- aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM, kyoMki bAhya viSaya meM darzanako pravRtti nahIM honepara bhI AtmA jJAnake dvArA vizeSa rUpase sabako jAnatA hai / itanA vizeSa hai ki jaba darzana AtmAko grahaNa karatA hai to AtmAkA avinAbhAvI jJAna bhI gRhIta ho jAtA hai aura jJAnake gRhIta honepara jJAnakI viSayabhUta bAhya vastu bhI gRhIta ho jAtI hai / zaMkA- yadi AtmAke grAhakako darzana kahate haiM to 'jaM sAmaNNaM grahaNaM bhAvANaM' ityAdi gAthAkA artha kaise ghaTita hogA ? uttara - sAmAnya grahaNa arthAt AtmagrahaNako darzana kahate haiM kyoMki AtmA vastuoM ko jAnate samaya 'maiM anukako jAnU' aura amukako na jAnU~, isa prakArakA vizeSa pakSapAta nahIM karatA, kintu sAmAnya rUpase vastu mAtrako jAnatA hai ata: sAmAnya zabdase AtmA kahA jAtA hai / adhika kahane se kyA ? yadi koI nyAya aura siddhAntake abhiprAyako jAnakara
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________________ pramANake bheda 149 tathA ekAnta rUpa durAgrahako chor3akara madhyasthatA dhAraNa karake nayabhedase vyAkhyAna kare to donoM hI artha ghaTita hote haiM / jisakA khulAsA isa prakAra hai-nyAyazAstrameM mukhya rUpase anya darzanoMkA kathana rahatA hai| aba yadi koI anya matAvalambI pUchatA hai ki jaina siddhAntameM darzana aura jJAna ye do guNa jIvake batalAye haiM ye kaise ghaTita hote haiM ? to usako yadi yaha kahA jAye ki AtmAke grAhakako darzana kahate haiM to vaha samajha nahIM sakatA thaa| ataH AcAryoMne unako samajhAneke lie 'darzana' kA sthUla vyAkhyAna karake bAhya viSayameM jo sAmAnya sattAkA avalokana hotA hai usakI to 'darzana' saMjJA rakhI aura jo 'yaha zakla hai' ityAdi vizeSakA bodha hotA hai usakI jJAna saMjJA rakha do| isalie koI doSa nahIM hai| kintu siddhAntameM mukhya rUpase apane dharmakA kathana hotA hai| ataH usameM AcAryoMne sUkSma kathana karate hue AtmAke grAhakako darzana kahA / ataH isameM bhI koI doSa nahIM hai|" darzanapUrvaka avagraha jJAnake hone aura avagrahake svarUpameM mAnyatA-bheda honese prasaMgavaza darzanake svarUpake viSayameM bhI matabhedako carcA karanI pdd'ii| aba prakRta ca para Ane ke lie yahAM hama darzana ke viSayameM hI jayadhavalA se bhI eka carcAko uddhRta karate haiM / jo isa prakAra hai__ zaMkA~yadi aisA hai to anAkAra upayoga bhI matijJAna ho jAyegA kyoMki jisa padArthako lekara anAkAra darzana hotA hai usIko lekara matijJAna hotA hai ? samAdhAna-nahIM, kyoMki antaraMga padArthako viSaya karanevAle upayogako darzana mAnA hai isalie eka padArthako Alambana mAnakara darzanopayogako jo matijJAnatvako prAptikA prasaMga diyA hai vaha nahIM rhtaa| zaMkA-darzanopayogako viSaya antaraMga padArtha hai yaha kaise jAnA ? samAdhAna-yadi darzanopayogakA viSaya antaraMga padArtha na mAnA jAye to vaha anAkAra nahIM bana sktaa| zaMkA-avyakta grahaNako anAkAra grahaNa kahate haiM aisA artha kyoM nahIM kiyA ? samAdhAna nahIM, kyoMki nirAvaraNa honese kevaladarzanakA svabhAva vyakta grahaNa karanekA hai| aba yadi avyakta grahaNako hI anAkAragrahaNa mAna liyA jAtA hai to kevaladarzanake abhAvakA prasaMga prApta hotA hai| ataH viSaya aura 1. bhAga 1, pR0 337 / /
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________________ jaina nyAya viSayIke sampAtake pahale hI antaraMgako viSaya karanevAlA darzanopayoga utpanna hotA hai aisA artha lenA cAhie, anyathA vaha anAkAra nahIM ho sktaa|" AcArya vidyAnandane to apane 'zlokavArtikameM AtmamAtra grahaNa rUpa darzanakA khaNDana kiyA hai| isa taraha mAnyatAbheda athavA dRSTibhedase darzanake svarUpameM antara hai kintu vaha antara kevaladarzanakI paribhASA taka hI sImita nahIM rahatA kintu usakA prabhAva darzanake anantara honevAlI jJAnakI prakriyAke kramapara bhI par3atA hai / aura isIlie isa carcAko vahA~ itane vistArase diyA gayA hai| yadi darzanakA viSaya antaraMga padArtha hai aura vaha uttara jJAnakI utpatti meM nimitta hai to bAhya viSayake sAtha indriyakA sambandha hone se pahale hI darzana honA cAhie jaisA jayadhavalA TIkAmeM likhA hai| kintu yadi darzanakA viSaya sattA sAmAnya hai to vaha viSaya aura viSayoke sampAtake samaya honA cAhie jaisA sarvArthasiddhi meM yA tattvArthavAttikameM likhA hai| yadi bAhya viSayake sAtha indriyakA sambandha honese pahale darzana hotA hai to bAhya viSayake sAtha indriyake sambandhako vyaMjanAvagraha aura phira usake anantara honevAle arthagrahaNako arthAvagraha mAnA jA sakatA hai jaisA ki zvetAmbara AgamoMkI mAnyatA hai / kintu digambara mAnya AgamoM meM jo darzanakI paribhASA pAyI jAtI hai zvetAmbara paramparAmeM usakI koI carcA nahIM hai| siddhasenakA mata isI prasaMgameM AcArya siddhasenakA mata bhI vicAraNIya hai| Apane sanmatitarka nAmaka apane granthameM darzanakA viSaya sAmAnya aura jJAnakA viSaya vizeSa batalAyA hai kintu Apa aspRSTa aura aviSaya arthake jJAnako darzana kahate haiM / arthAt 'aspRSTa arthameM cakSuke dvArA jo bodha hotA hai vaha cakSudarzana hai| tathA indriyoMke aviSaya paramANu AdimeM manake dvArA jo bodha hotA hai vaha acakSudarzana hai / Azaya yaha hai ki cakSu aspRSTagrAhI hai ataH usase honevAlA jJAna hI cakSu. darzana kahA jAtA hai| tathA 'acakSudarzana' se ve kevala mAnasa darzana hI lete haiN| kyoMki cakSukI taraha mana bhI aprApyakArI hai ataH vaha bho aspRSTagrAhI hai / inhIM donoMse vyaMjanAvagraha nahIM hotaa| ataH siddhasenake matase vyaMjanAvagrahake aviSayabhUta arthakA grahaNa ho darzana hai / 1. pR0 220, sU0 1-15 / 2. 'NANaM apuThe avisae ya atthammi daMsaNaM hoI / motta Na liMgao jaM aNAgayAIyavisaesu // 2-25 // ' sa0 ta0 /
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________________ pramANake bheda siddhasenake sanmatisUtra yA sanmatitarkapara digambarAcArya sumatidevakI eka TokA' thI, jo anupalabdha hai| bauddhAcArya kamalazolane tattvasaMgraha ( pratyakSa parIkSA ) ko TIkAmeM 'sumatedigambarasya' likhakara digambarAcArya sumatike matakA nirdeza kiyA hai jisake anusAra sumatine kumArilake matako AlocanA kI hai| sanmatitarkapara IsAkI dasavIM zatAbdIke zvetAmbarAcArya abhayadevako TIkA vartamAnameM upalabdha hai| unhoMne apanI TIkAmeM siddhasenake abhiprAyake anusAra pA~ca jJAnoM aura cAra darzanoMkA svarUpa isa prakAra batalAyA hai 'yadyapi pramANa aura prameya, donoM hI sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka haiM kintu chadmastha avasthAmeM darzanopayogake samaya jJAnopayoga nahIM ho sktaa| ataH aprApyakArI cakSu aura manase honevAle arthAvagraha Adi matijJAnake upayogase pUrvavartI avasthAko cakSudarzana aura acakSudarzana kahate haiM / aura rUpa Adiko grahaNa karane rUpa avagraha Adi pariNatiko matijJAna kahate haiM / vAkyako sunane ke nimittase honevAle jJAnako zrutajJAna kahate haiM / cakSu Adi bAhya nimittakI apekSA binA rUpI dravyako grahaNa karanekI pariNati-vizeSako avadhijJAna kahate haiN| tathA rUpI dravya sAmAnyakA paryAlocana karanevAlI usI pariNativizeSako avadhidarzana kahate haiN| ar3hAI dvIpa aura samudra ke antarvartI samasta manovikalpoMko indriyAdikI sahAyatAke binA grahaNa karane rUpa pariNatiko manaHparyayajJAna kahate haiN| ye sabhI jJAna aura darzana apaneapane AvaraNake kSayopazamase hote haiN| kintu anantajJAna svabhAva AtmAkA thor3Athor3A jAna lenA hI vAstavika rUpa nahIM hai / usakA vAstavika rUpa to eka kevalajJAna hai jo sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka samasta vastuoMko eka sAtha jAnatA hai| ataH kinhIne jo aisA vyAkhyAna kiyA hai-'avagraha rUpa matijJAna darzana hai aura vahI IhAdi rUpa honepara jJAna kahA jAtA hai| isase bhinna aura koI grAhaka nahIM hai jaise, eka hI sarpa phaNa uThAnepara aura phaNako girA lenepara bhI eka hI hai vaise hI eka hI bodha darzana aura matijJAna kahA jAtA hai aisA sUtrakArakA abhiprAya hai|' yaha vyAkhyAna asaMgata hai / kyoMki yaha Agama aura yuktike viruddha hai|' ___ 'darzana aura jJAnameM sarvathA abheda mAnane para pahale avagraharUpa darzana aura phira IhA Adi jJAna hote haiM aisA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yaha kathana to donoMmeM 1. 'namaH sanmataye tasmai bhavakUpanipAtinAm / sanmativivRtA yena sukhadhAmapravezinI // 22 // -pAzvanAthacarita ( vAdirAja ) / 2. tattvasaMgraha, pR0 376 | 3. sanmati0 TI0, pR0 620 /
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________________ 152 jaina nyAya kathaMcit bheda mAnakara hI ho sakatA hai| hAM, AtmarUpakI apekSA to darzana aura jJAnameM abheda mAnate hI haiN| kyoMki jJAna bhI Atma-rUpa hai aura darzana bhI AtmarUpa hai| kintu eka hI matijJAna darzana aura jJAnarUpa nahIM ho sktaa| yadi avagrahako darzana mAnA jAyegA to zAstra meM jo avagrahase lekara dhAraNA paryanta jJAnako mattijJAna kahA hai usakA vyAghAta hogaa| aura yadi avagrahako darzana nahIM mAnA jAyegA to 'avagraha mAtra hI darzana hai' isa kathanakA virodha hogaa| ataH avagrahase bhinna darzanako mAnane athavA na mAnanepara Agama-virodha AtA hai| kyoMki AgamameM matijJAnake aTThAIsa bhedoMse darzanako bhinna mAnA hai| ataH chadmastha dazAmeM jJAna hI darzana kaise ho sakatA hai ? ____ abhayadeva sUrike isa vyAkhyAnako dUsare zvetAmbarAcArya yazovijayane ardha. jaratI nyAyako upamA do hai| bUr3hI stroke Adhe aMgako to kAmIjana pasanda karate hai aura Adhe aMgako pasanda nahIM krte| isakA nAma ardhajaratI nyAya hai| yazovijaya likhate haiM-'prAcInatA premake Agrahavaza zrotrAdi jJAnase pahale bhI darzanako mAnanA vajita nahIM hai / kintu vyaMjanAvagraha aura arthAvagrahake bIca meM darzana nahIM hotA aura na aisA ullekha hI hai ki ina donoM ke madhyameM darzana hotA hai / AgamameM to vyaMjanAvagrahake antima kSaNameM avigrahakI hI utpatti batalAyI hai| tathA vyaMjanAvagrahase pahale darzanakI kalpanA karanA to atyanta anucita hai / aisA honepara to darzana indriya aura arthake sannikarSase bhI nikRSTa honese anupayoga rUpa hI ho jaayegaa| aura jaba prApyakArI indriyoMse utpanna honevAle jJAnameM darzana nahIM mAnA jAtA to anyatra usako jJAnase bhinna mAnane meM koI bhI pramANa nahIM hai| 'aspRSTa viSayake jJAnako hI darzana kahate haiN| isa kathanase siddhasenane darzanako jJAnase abhinna hI batalAyA hai| yadi chadmasthake jJAnopayoga meM darzanopayogako hetu mAnA jAyegA to 'cakSuse hI darzana hotA hai, anyatra nahIM hotA' isapara kaise vizvAsa kiyA jAyegA / ataH zrI siddhasenAcAryake dvArA pratipAdita naye matake anusAra kahIM bhI jJAna aura darzanameM kAlabheda nahIM hai| kintu vyaMjanAvagrahake dvArA viSaya na kiye gaye arthakA pratyakSa hI darzana hai|" Azaya yaha hai ki AcArya siddhasena darzanameM aura jJAnameM bheda nahIM mAnate / unakA tarka hai ki darzanake bhedoMmeM se eka bhedakA nAma cakSudarzana hai / cakSa aprApyakArI hai isIse usase vyaMjanAvagraha nahIM mAnA, kevala arthAvagraha mAnA hai| eka 1. zAnabindu, pR0 46 /
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________________ pramANake bheda 153 ora cakSuse vyaMjanAvagrahakA na honA aura dUsarI ora darzanake eka bhedakA nAma sparzana darzana yA zrotradarzana na rakhakara cakSudarzana rakhanA kyA kucha vizeSa artha nahIM rakhatA ? darzanake dUsare bhedakA nAma acakSadarzana hai| isa acakSadarzanameM cakSu indriyake sivA anya sabhI indriyoM aura manasambandhI darzanakA saMgraha mAnA jAtA hai| kintu AcArya siddhasena acakSadarzanameM kevala manasambandhI darzanakA hI grahaNa karate haiM; kyoMki cakSukI taraha mana bhI aprApyakArI hai ataH usase bhI vyaM janAvagraha nahIM hotaa| isIse unhoMne vyaMjanAvagrahake dvArA viSaya na kiye gaye arthake pratyakSa ko hI darzana kahA hai / darzanakI yaha paribhASA nayI hai, isIse yazovijayajIne ise navyamata kahA hai| ___ hama pahale likha Aye haiM ki aklaMkadevane avagrahase darzanako judA batalAyA hai| siddhasenake sanmati sUtra tathA usakI vyAkhyAko dekhanese patA calatA hai ki siddhasenake pahale eka mata avagrahako hI darzana mAnatA thaa| kintu siddhasena tathA akalaMka donoMko hI yaha mata mAnya nahIM thA ataH donoMne hI isa matakI AlocanA ko hai| isa taraha darzana aura avagrahake viSayameM jaina paramparAmeM matabheda hai| isa viSayapara gambhIratAse adhyayana honeko AvazyakatA hai| IhA AdikA svarUpa ___ avagrahase gRhIta arthameM vizeSa jAnanekI AkAMkSA rUpa jJAnako IhA kahate haiM / jaise yadi cakSuke dvArA zukla rUpako grahaNa kiyA to yaha zukla rUpa kyA vastu hai ? koI patAkA hai athavA baguloMkI paMkti hai ? athavA yadi puruSakA avagraha jJAna haA to yaha puruSa kisa dezakA hai, kisa umrakA hai Adi jAnanekI AkAMkSA IhA hai| zvetAmbarIya mAnyatAke anusAra zabdako sunakara 'yaha zabda honA cAhie' isa prakArakI jijJAsAkA honA IhA hai| IhA jJAna saMzaya rUpa nahIM hai / eka vastu meM parasparameM viruddha aneka arthoke jJAnakA nAma saMzaya hai| yaha saMzaya avagrahake pazcAt aura IhAse pahale hotA hai / saMzayake dUra honepara jaba jJAna nizcaya ke abhimukha hotA hai to usIko IhA kahate haiM / jaise puruSakA avagraha hone para yaha dAkSiNAtya hai athavA uttarIya hai ityAdi saMzaya hotA hai| isake pazcAt jaba vaha nizcayonmukha hotA hai ki amuka honA cAhie, vaha IhA hai| Upara jo 'yaha patAkA hai athavA baguloMkI paMkti hai' yaha kahA hai so vaha IhA jJAnase honevAle vikalpoMko dRSTAnta-dvArA batalAyA hai| IhAke hote-hote to unameM se eka hI -
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________________ 154 jaina nyAya vikalpa raha jAtA hai ki yaha baguloMkI paMkti honI cAhie / vizeSa dharmoM ko jAnakara yathArtha vastukA nirNaya honA avAya jJAna hai| jaise paMkhoMke phar3aphar3Ane Adise yaha nirNaya karanA ki yaha bagaloMko paMkti hI hai| avAyase nirNIta vastuko kAlAntarameM na bhUlane meM jo jJAna kAraNa hai use dhAraNA kahate haiM / jaise sAyaMkAlake samaya subahavAlI baguloMkI paMktiko lauTatI huI dekhakara jo yaha jJAna hotA hai ki 'yaha vahI baguloMkI paMkti hai jise maiMne subaha dekhA thaa| isa prakArake jJAnakA kAraNabhUta jo saMskAra rUpa jJAna hai vahI dhAraNA hai| isIse akalaMkadevane smRti jJAnake kAraNako dhAraNA kahA hai| aura zvetA. mbarAcArya hemacandane usIkA anusaraNa karate hue smRtike hetuko dhAraNA kahA hai aura likhA hai ki saMkhyAta athavA asaMkhyAta kAla taka jJAnake avasthAnakA nAma dhAraNA hai| arthAt avagraha, IhA, aura avAya jJAnakA kAla to eka-eka anta1. tattvArtha sUtrake zvetAmbara sammata sUtrapAThameM 'apAya' zabdakA prayoga hai aura digambara sammata sUtrapAThameM avAya zabda hai| akalaMka devane apane tattvArdhavArtikameM ( 1915) yaha carcA uThAyI hai ki yaha zabda apAya hai athavA avAya hai ? aura usakA yaha samAdhAna kiyA hai ki donoM hI zabda ThIka haiM-ekake prayogase dUsarekA grahaNa svayaM ho jAtA hai| jaise jaba 'yaha dAkSiNAtya nahIM hai| isa taraha apAya arthAt niSedha karatA hai to 'yaha uttarIya hai' yaha avAya arthAt jJAna karatA hai aura jaba 'yaha uttarIya hai' yaha jJAna karatA hai taba 'yaha dAkSiNAtya nahIM hai' yaha avAya-niSedha karatA hai / donoM paramparAoMke dArzanikoMmeM avAya zabdakA hI prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| 2. laghIyastraya, kA0 1-6 / 3. jinabhadra gaNine apane vize0 bhA0 meM avicyuti, vAsanA, saMskAra aura smRtiko bhI dhAraNA batalAyA hai| unakA anusaraNa karate hue vAdideva sUrine apane syAdvAda ratnAkara ( pR0 346 ) meM vidyAnandake 'smRtiheturdhAraNA' isa lakSaNakA khaNDana kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki-'dhAraNA jJAna smRti kAla taka nahIM raha sakatA, kyoMki paramAgamameM chamasthake upayogakA kAla antamuhUrta batalAyA hai| ataH smRtikA sAkSAt kAraNa jJAtAkI eka zakti-vizeSa hai jise saMskAra bhI kahate haiM / dhAraNA zAna to usI samaya samApta ho jAtA hai / ataH use paramparAse smRtikA hetu kaha sakate haiM / ' kintu hemacandrAcAryane apanI pramANa mImAMsAmeM 'smRtiheturdhAraNA' / 1 / 1 / 26 / isa akalaMkadeva sammata lakSaNako hI apanAkara usakI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai-'yadyapi pUrvAcAryoMne avicyutiko dhAraNA kahA hai kintu usakA antarbhAva avAyameM ho jAtA hai, kyoMki avAyakI dIrghatAkA nAma hI to avicyuti hai| athavA vahI avicyuti smRti meM hetu hai isalie usakA grahaNa dhAraNAmeM ho jAtA hai| kyoMki avicyutike binA avAya mAtrase smRti nahIM hotii| ataH isake dvArA smRtike hetu avicyuti aura saMskAra donoMkA grahaNa ho jAtA
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________________ pramANake bheda 155 muhUrta hai / kintu dhAraNAkA kAla saMkhyAta athavA asaMkhyAta hai| ye avagraha Adi cAroM jJAna isI kramase hote haiM, inakI utpattimeM koI vyatikrama nahIM hotaa| kyoMki adaSTakA avagraha nahIM hotA, anavagRhItameM sandeha nahIM hotA, sandehake hue binA IhA nahIM hotI, IhAke binA avAya nahIM hotA aura avAyake binA dhAraNA nahIM hotii| kintu jaise kamalake sau pattoMko Upara nIce rakhakara suIse chedanepara aisI pratIti hotI hai ki sAre patte eka hI samayameM chede gaye yadyapi vahA~ kAlabheda hai, atyanta sUkSma honese hamArI dRSTi meM nahIM AtA, vaise hI abhyasta viSayameM yadyapi kevala avAya jJAnakI hI pratIti hotI hai phira bho usase pahale avagraha aura IhA jJAna bar3I druta gatise ho jAte haiN| isase unakI pratIti nahIM hotii| yaha bhI koI niyama nahIM hai ki inameM se pahalA jJAna honepara Ageke sabhI jJAna hote hI haiN| kabhI kevala avagraha hI hokara raha jAtA hai, kabhI avagrahake pazcAt saMzaya hokara hI raha jAtA hai, kabhI avagraha, saMzaya aura IhA hI hote haiM, kabhI-kabhI avagraha, saMzaya, IhA aura avAya jJAna hI hote haiM, aura kabhI dhAraNA taka hote haiN| ye sabhI jJAna eka caitanyake ho vizeSa haiN| kintu ye saba kramase hote haiM tathA inakA viSaya bhI eka dUsarese apUrva apUrva hai ataH ye saba ApasameM bhinnabhinna mAne jAte haiN| matijJAnake tIna sau chattIsa bheda arthAvagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ye cAroM jJAna mana tathA pAMcoM indriyoMke nimittase hote haiM ataH pratyekake chaha-chaha bheda honese cAroMke caubIsa bheda hote haiM aura vyaMjanAvagraha kevala cAra hI indriyoMke nimittase hotA hai / ata: saba milakara matijJAnake 28 bheda hote haiN| tathA ye sabhI matijJAna bahu, bahuvidha, kSipra, anisRta, anukta aura dhruva va inake pratipakSI eka athavA alpa, ekavidha, akSipra, nisRta, ukta aura adhruva ina bAraha prakArake viSayoMko jAnate haiN| ataH viSayakI apekSA pratyeka jJAnake bAraha-bAraha bheda honese matijJAnake samasta bheda 28x12 = 336 hai|' Azaya yaha hai ki avAya jJAnake pazcAt avicyuti hotI hai| eka padArthaviSayaka upayogake lagAtAra bane rahanekA nAma avicyuti hai| aura avAyakA jo saMskAra banA rahatA hai jo ki smRti meM kAraNa hotA hai use vAsanA kahate haiM / akalaMka Adi digambarAcAryoM ke anusAra bhI smRtikA kAraNa saMskAra hI dhAraNA hai jo vAstavameM jJAnarUpa hai| ataH hemacandrAcArya ne vAdidevasUrikI taraha jo unake matakA nirasana na karake sayuktika samarthana kiyA hai vaha ucita hI hai|
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________________ jaina nyAya tIna sau chattIsa hote haiN| inakA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra hai-koI puruSa aneka zabdoMko sunakara una sabako jAna letA hai yaha bahukA jJAna hai| koI kSayopazamakI mandatAke kAraNa unameM se kisI eka hI zabdako jAnatA hai yaha eka athavA alpakA jJAna hai| koI zrotA eka-eka zabdake aneka bheda-prabhedoMko jAna letA hai yaha bahuvidhakA jJAna hai / koI una aneka zabdoM meM se kisI eka zabdake hI bheda-prabhedoMko jAna pAtA hai yaha ekavidhakA jJAna hai / koI zabdako jaldI jAna letA hai yaha kSiprajJAna hai aura koI kSayopazamako mandatA honese derameM jAnatA hai yaha akSiprajJAna hai| athavA zIghratAse giratI huI jaladhArAke pravAhako jAnanA kSiprajJAna hai aura dhIre-dhIre calate hae ghor3e vagairahako jAnanA akSiprajJAna hai| kisI vastuke ekadezako dekhakara pUrI vastuko jAna lenA anisRta jJAna hai, jaise hAthoko rA~Dako dekhakara jalameM DUbe hue hAthoko jAna lenaa| aura pUrI vastuko dekhakara use jAnanA nisRta hai| binA kahe abhiprAyase hI pUrI bAtako jAna lenA anukta jJAna hai aura kahanepara jAnanA ukta jJAna hai| prathama samayameM zabda vagairahakA jaisA jJAna ho dUsare samayameM bhI vaisAkA vaisA hI banA rahe, na ghaTe aura na bar3he, use dhruva jJAna kahate haiN| aura kabhI bahukA, kabhI bahuvidhakA, kabhI ekakA aura kabhI ekavidhakA jJAna honA adhruva jJAna hai athavA cirasthAyI parvata vagairahake jJAnako dhruvajJAna kahate haiN| zaMkA-bahu aura bahuvidhau kyA bheda hai ? uttara--bahuta vyaktiyoMke jAnaneko bahujJAna kahate haiM jaise bahuta-sI gAyoMko jaannaa| aura bahuta jAtiyoMke jAnaneko bahuvidha jJAna kahate haiM jaise khaNDI, muNDI, sAMvalI Adi aneka jAtiyoMkI gAyoMko jAnanA / tathA eka vyaktiko jAnanA eka jJAna hai jaise yaha gau hai / aura eka jAtiko jAnanA ekavidha hai jaise yaha khaNDI go hai| zaMkA--ukta aura nisRtameM kyA bheda hai ? 1. zvetAmbara sampradAyameM anisRtake sthAnapara 'anizrita' aura anuktake sthAnapara nizcita athavA asaMdigdha meda hai| binA liMga ( cihna ) ke svarUpase hI jAna lenA anizrita hai| aura liMgase jAnanA jaise sUDase hAthIko jAnanA nizrita hai| saMzayarahita jAnanA nizcita athavA asaMdigdhajJAna hai / aura saMzayAtmaka jAnanA ki jAne yaha aisA hI hai athavA anya rUpa hai' anizcita jJAna hai| 2. sarvArtha. aura tattvArthavA0, sUtra 1-16 /
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________________ pramANake bheda 157 uttara-dUsareke kahanese jo jJAna hotA hai vaha ukta hai aura svataH hI jAna lenA nisRta hai| zaMkA-zrotra, ghrANa, sparzana, rasanA ye cAroM indriyA~ prApyakArI haiM arthAt prApta padArthako jAnatI haiM, ataH inase anisRta aura anukta zabdAdikA jJAna kaise hogaa| uttara-jaise ciu~TI vagairahako ghrANa aura rasanA indriyase dUravartI gur3a Adiko gandha aura rasakA jJAna ho jAtA hai vaise hI anisRta aura anukta zabdAdi kA bhI jJAna jAnanA caahie| ___ inameM se uktakA sambandha kevala zrotrendriyake sAtha to ThIka baiTha jAtA hai kintu anya indriyoMke sAtha nahIM baiThatA; kyoMki jo bAta zabdake dvArA kahI jAye vahI ukta hai aura zabda zrotrendriyakA viSaya hai| akalaMkadevane ise isa prakAra ghaTita kiyA hai-koI AdamI do raMgoMko milAkara koI tIsarA raMga banAnA dikhalA rahA hai| usake kahanese pahale hI usake abhiprAyako jAna lenA ki Apa ina donoM raMgoMko milAkara amuka raMga banAyeMge, yaha anukta rUpakA jJAna hai aura kahanepara jAnanA ukta rUpakA jJAna hai| cUMki rUpa cakSukA viSaya hai ataH yaha cakSuviSayaka ukta aura anukta jJAna hai / isI taraha sparza, rasa, gandhako lekara sparzana, rasanA, aura ghrANa indriyake sAtha ukta aura anuktako ghaTita kara lenA cAhie / animRta jJAna aura anumAnAdika anisRta jJAnakA svarUpa batalAte hue zrI gommaTasAra jIvakANDakI 'TIkAoMmeM likhA hai-'jalake bAhara nikalI huI hAthIko rA~Dako dekhakara jalameM DUbe hue hAthIko jAna lenA anisRta jJAna hai / jisake binA jo nahIM hotA usako usakA sAdhana kahate haiM / jaise agnike binA dhuA~ nahIM hotA ataH agni sAdhya hai aura dhUma sAdhana hai| sAdhanase sAdhyake jAnaneko anumAna jJAna kahate haiM / Uparake dRSTAntameM sUMDa sAdhana hai aura hastI sAdhya hai| saiMDase hastIkA jJAna huA ataH yaha anumAna jJAna hai tathA strIke mukha athavA gavayako dekhakara candramA athavA gAyakA jJAna honA bhI anisRta jJAna hai| so kisIko strIke makhako dekhakara candramAkA smaraNa ho AyA kyoMki mukhameM aura candramAmeM samAnatA hai| ataH yaha anisRta candramAkA jJAna smRti pramANa huaa| isI taraha jaMgala meM 'gavaya' pazuko dekhate hI gaukA smaraNa honepara 'gauke samAna gavaya' 1. gA0 313 /
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________________ 158 jaina nyAya hotA hai| isa prakArakA jo pratyabhijJAna hotA hai vaha bhI anisRta jJAna hai| tathA rasoI-gharameM agnike honepara hI dhUmako dekhA aura tAlAbameM agnike abhAvameM dhUmakA bhI abhAva dekhaa| yaha dekhakara yaha jAnanA ki saba deza aura saba kAloMmeM agnike honepara hI dhuAM hotA hai aura agnike abhAvameM nahIM hotA yaha tarka nAmakA jJAna hai / isa taraha anisRta arthako viSaya karanevAle anumAna, smRti, pratyabhijJAna aura tarka ye cAroM matijJAna parokSa haiM; kyoMki inameM eka dezase bhI spaSTatA nahIM hai| inake sivA sparzana Adi indriyA~ aura manake dvArA jo bahu bahuvidha AdikA matijJAna hotA hai vaha sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa hai kyoMki usameM ekadezase spaSTatA pAyI jAtI hai|' Upara batalAyA hai ki tattvArtha sUtra meM smRti Adi jJAnoMko matijJAnake hI andara ginAyA hai tathA matijJAnako parokSa kahA hai| kintu akalaMkadevane ekadeza spaSTa indriyajanya jJAnako sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahA aura smRti Adiko parokSa pramANa kahA, kyoMki unameM thor3I-sI bhI spaSTatA nahIM hotii| aura spaSTatA na hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki ina jJAnoMkA viSaya indriyoMke sAmane nahIM hotA / ataH ye anisRtagrAhI hai / kintu tattvArthasUtrameM avagraha IhA Adi jJAnoMko bhI anisRtagrAhI batalAyA hai aura ye jJAna sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa rUpa matijJAnake bheda haiN| aba prazna hotA hai ki anisRta jJAna sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa hai athavA parokSa hai ? go0 sA0 ke TIkAkArakA to kahanA hai smRti Adi anisRtagrAhI jJAna to parokSa hai aura zeSa bahu Adiko viSaya karanevAle indriyajanya jJAna sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa haiN| isase aisA prakaTa hotA hai ki TokAkAra anisatako avagraha Adi jJAnoMkA viSaya nahIM maante| unhoMne jo dRSTAntoMmeM prayukta hAthI aura candramA Adike jJAnako smRti Adi batalAyA hai usase to yahI pratIta hotA hai| kintu vaisA honese sAMvyavahArika pratyakSake tIna sau chattIsa bheda nahIM ho sakate; kyoMki unake matase anisRtakA jJAna sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa nahIM hai kintu parokSa hai / parantu matijJAnake tIna sau chattIsa bheda hone meM phira bhI koI bAdhA nahIM AtI kyoMki jaina siddhAntameM matijJAnako parokSa mAnA hai aura smRti pratyabhijJAna Adi anisRtagrAhI jJAna bhI matijJAnake hI prakAra haiM / ata: matijJAnake tIna sau chattIsa bhedameM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| zaMkA-eka jJAna eka hI arthako jAnatA hai, aneka padArthoM ko jAnane meM vaha asamartha hai ata: bahu, bahuvidha jJAna nahIM bana sakatA? 1. tattvArthavArtika-1-16 sU0 /
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________________ pramANake bheda uttara - yadi aisA mAnA jAyegA to sadA ekakA hI jJAna huA karegA / jaise, jaMgalameM eka manuSya ko dekhakara ekakA hI jJAna hotA hai, aneka manuSyoMkA jJAna nahIM hotA, vaise hI nagara, vana, senAkA par3Ava AdimeM jAnepara bhI hameM sadA ekakA hI jJAna hogA / aura isa taraha aneka arthoM ko eka jJAnase na jAna sakane ke kAraNa nagara, vana, senA Adi zabdoMkA vyavahAra hI lupta ho jAyegA; kyoMki 'aneka makAnoMke samUhakA nAma nagara hai, vRkSoM vagairahake jhuNDako vana kahate haiM aura hAthI-ghor3oM vagairaha ke samUhakA nAma senA hai / dUsare, yadi eka jJAna aneka padArthoM ko nahIM jAnatA to hAthakI aMguliyoMmeM jo choTA-bar3A vyavahAra hotA hai ki amuka aMgulise amuka aMguli choTI yA bar3I hai yaha ApekSika vyavahAra samApta ho jaayegaa| tIsare, saMzayakA abhAva ho jAyegA; kyoMki jJAnako ekArthagrAhI mAnanepara yA to sIpakA hI jJAna hogA yA cAMdIkA hI jJAna hogA / eka sAtha donoMkA jJAna to ho nahIM sakatA / yadi kevala sIpakA ho jJAna hogA to usa samaya cA~dIkA jJAna na honese 'yaha sIpa hai yA cA~dI ' yaha saMzaya nahIM ho sakatA / yadi kevala cA~dIkA hI jJAna hogA to bhI sIpakA jJAna na honese saMzaya nahIM ho sakatA / cauthe, saba kArya aniyamita rUpase hone lageMge / jaise, koI citrakAra eka citra banAtA hai citra banAte samaya use citrako rUparekhA, usake upakaraNa aura unakI kriyA vagairahakA jJAna rahanA Avazyaka hai / aba yadi jJAna eka hI arthako jAnatA hai to eka samaya meM eka hI bAtakA jJAna honese usakA citra kuchakA kucha bana jAyegA / jaba vaha kU~cIko jAnegA to raMgako bhUla jAyegA, raMgako jAnegA to kU~cIkA jJAna nahIM hogA aura na citrakI rUparekhAkA / pA~caveM, jJAnako ekArthagrAhI mAnanese 'ye do haiM' 'ye tIna haiM' yaha jJAna nahIM bana sakatA kyoMki eka jJAna do tIna padArthoMko viSaya nahIM kara sakatA / ataH jJAnako anekArthIkA grAhaka bhI mAnanA hI cAhie / ataH bahu bahuvidha jJAnake hone meM koI rukAvaTa nahIM hai / isa taraha sAMvyavahArika pratyakSakA kathana samApta mukhya pratyakSakA varNana karate haiM jo jJAna indriyAdikI AtmA se hI hotA hai use mukhya yA pAramArthika pratyakSa haiM-- deza pratyakSa aura sakala pratyakSa | deza' pratyakSake bhI do bheda haiM- eka avadhi - jJAna aura eka mana:paryaya jJAna / kiyA jAtA hai / Age sahAyatA ke binA kevala kahate hai usake do bheda 1. 'dezapratyakSa mavadhimana:paryayajJAne / '- sarvArtha0 1 -20 / 156
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________________ jaina nyAya avadhijJAna dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvakI maryAdAko liye hue, rUpI dravyoMko jo binA indriya AdikI sahAyatAke spaSTa jAnatA hai use avadhijJAna kahate haiM / avadhikA artha hai, pudgaloMko jAnanevAlA / tathA avadhikA artha maryAdA bhI hotA hai| kAraNakI apekSAse avadhijJAnake do bheda haiM-eka bhavapratyaya aura dUsarA guNapratyaya / yadyapi sabhI avadhijJAna avadhijJAnAvaraNa karmake kSayopazamake honepara hI hote haiM phira bhI jo kSayopazama bhavake nimittase hotA hai usase honevAle jJAnako bhavapratyaya kahate haiN| jaise 'pakSIgaNa jo AkAzameM ur3ate haiM unake ur3ane meM pakSI kulameM janma lenA hI kAraNa hai, unheM ur3anekI zikSA nahIM dI jaatii| isI taraha devoM aura nArakiyoMke vrata niyama vagairaha nahIM hone para bhI sabako janmase hI avadhijJAna hotA hai| itanA vizeSa hai ki unameM jo samyagdaSTi hote haiM unake avadhijJAna hotA hai aura jo mithyAdRSTi hote haiM unake kuavadhijJAna hotA hai / ataH vahA~ bhava hI pradhAna kAraNa hai isalie use bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna kahate haiN| tathA samyAdarzana Adi guNoMke nimittase jo kSayopazama hotA hai usase honevAle avadhijJAnako guNapratyaya kahate haiN| isakA dUsarA nAma kSayopazama nimittaka bhI hai kyoMki isake hone meM kSayopazama hI kAraNa hotA hai, bhava kAraNa nahIM hai| yaha avadhijJAna tiryaJca aura manuSyoMke hotA hai| viSayako apekSAse avadhijJAnake tIna bheda haiM-dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi / bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna dezAvadhi hI hotA hai aura guNapratyaya avadhijJAna tInoM prakArakA hotA hai| dezAvadhikA utkRSTa viSaya, kSetrakI apekSA sampUrNa loka, kAlakI apekSA eka samaya kama palya, dravyakI apekSA dhruvahArase eka bAra bhAjita kArmaNavargaNA aura bhAvakI apekSA dravyakI asaMkhyAta loka pramANa paryAyeM haiM / arthAt utkRSTa dezAvadhijJAna sampUrNa lokAkAzameM vartamAna kArmaNavargaNAmeM eka bAra dhruvahArakA bhAga denese jo pramANa Aye utane paramANuoMke skandhoMko athavA unase sthUla skandhoMko jAnatA hai| tathA una skandhoMkI, eka samaya kama eka palyapramANa atItakAlameM aura utane hI anAgata kAlameM apane jAnane yogya jo vyaMjana paryAya hoM unako jAnatA hai| aura bhAvakI apekSA una skandhoMkI asaMkhyAta loka pramANa artha paryAyoMko jAnatA hai / 1. sarvArthasi0, 1-21 / 2. srvaarth0-1-22| 3. avadhijJAnake viSayakA vistRta kathana jAnaneke lie dekhie---SaTkhaNDAgama pu0 13, pR0 260-328 / tathA go0 jIvakANDa gA0 370-437 /
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________________ pramANake bheda utkRSTa dezAvadhike pazcAta paramAvadhijJAna prArambha hotA hai| utkRSTa dezAvadhise Upara aura sarvAdhike nIce avadhijJAnake jitane vikalpa haiM ve saba paramAvadhike bheda haiN| avadhijJAnakA sabase utkRSTa bheda sarvAvadhi kahalAtA hai| yaha sarvAvadhi paramANu takako jAnatA hai| utkRSTa dezAvadhi saMyamI manuSyake hI hotA hai aura paramAvadhi tathA sarvAvadhi usI munike hote haiM jo usI bhavase mokSa jAtA hai| jaghanya dezAvadhi manuSyoM aura tiryaMcoMke hotA hai| tathA dezAvadhike madhyama bheTa cAroM gatiyoMke jovoMke yathAyogya hote haiM / * anugAmI, ananugAmI, vardhamAna, hoyamAna, avasthita, anavasthita, pratipAtI, apratipAtI, ekakSetra, anekakSetrake bhedase avadhijJAnake aura bhI bheda haiN| jo avadhijJAna utpanna hokara jIvake sAtha jAtA hai vaha anugAmI hai| isake tIna bheda hai-kSetrAnugAmI, bhavAnugAmI, aura kSetrabhavAnugAmo / jo avadhi apane svAmI jIvake eka kSetrase dUsare kSetra meM jAnepara usake sAtha jAtA hai vaha kSetrAnugAmI hai| jo apane svAmI jIvake sAtha eka bhavase dUsare bhavameM jAtA hai vaha bhavAnugAmI hai / aura jo kSetrAntara tathA bhavAntara meM bhI sAtha nahIM chor3atA vaha kSetrabhavAnugAmI hai / jo avadhijJAna jIvake sAtha nahIM jAtA vaha ananugAmI hai / isake bhI kSetrAnanugAmI bhavAnanugAmI, aura kSetrabhavAnanugAmI isa taraha tIna bheda haiN| jo avadhijJAna utpanna honeve samayase lekara kevalajJAna utpanna hone taka bar3hatA jAtA hai vaha vardhamAna hai| jo abadhijJAna utpanna hokara ghaTatA calA jAtA hai vaha hIyamAna hai| jo avadhijJAna utpanna hokara janmaparyanta athavA kevalajJAna honetaka jyoMkA tyoM banA rahatA hai vaha avasthita hai| jo avadhijJAna utpanna hokara kabhI ghaTatA aura kabhI bar3hatA hai vaha anavasthita hai| jo avadhijJAna utpanna hokara samUla naSTa ho jAtA hai vaha pratipAtI hai| jo avadhijJAna utpanna hokara kevalajJAnake honepara hI naSTa hotA hai vaha apratipAtI hai| jisako avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai usake zarIra meM nAbhise Upara zrIvatsa Adi aneka cihna bana jAte haiM / inameM se kisI ke eka cihna aura kisIke aneka cihnoMse avadhijJAna hotA hai, inheM ekakSetra aura aneka kSetra kahate haiN| deva, nArakiyoM aura tIrthaMkaroMke anekakSetra avadhijJAna hotA hai| ina dasa bhedoMmeM-se bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna meM avasthita, anavasthita, anugAmI, ananugAmI aura aneka kSetra ye pAMca bheda hote haiM aura guNapratyaya avavijJAna meM dasoM bheda pAye jAte haiN| tathA dezAvadhime dasoM bheda hote haiM, paramAvadhimeM hoyamAna, pratipAtI aura ekakSetrako chor3akara zeSa sAta bheda hote haiN| tathA sarvAvadhimeM anugAmI, ananugAmI, avasthita, apratipAtI aura anekakSetra ye pA~ca bheda pAye
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________________ jaina nyAya 162 jAte haiM / paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi meM ananugAmI bheda bhavAntarako apekSAse kahA hai; kyoMki ina jJAnoMke dhAraka jIva dUsarA bhava dhAraNa nahIM karake mokSa cale jAte haiM / mana:paryayajJAna 2 dUsareke e manogata arthako mana kahate haiM; kyoMki vaha artha manameM rahatA hai / usa manogata arthako AtmAkI sahAyatA se jo pratyakSa jAnatA hai usa jJAnako mana:paryayajJAna kahate haiM / arthAt kisI jIvane manake dvArA jisa sacetana athavA acetana arthakA vicAra kiyA hai usako AtmAke dvArA mana:paryayajJAna pratyakSa jAnatA hai / athavA manako paryAyako mana:paryaya kahate haiM / usake sambandhase jJAna bhI mana:paryaya kahalAtA hai / ataH mana:paryayarUpa jo jJAna hai use mana:paryaya jJAna kahate haiM arthAt arthake nimitta se honevAlI manakI paryAyoMko mana:paryaya kahate haiM aura unake jJAnako mana:paryaya jJAna kahate haiM / 3 mana:paryaya jJAnake ukta donoM lakSaNoM meM antara hai / prathama lakSaNa athavA vyutpatti ke anusAra mana:paryaya jJAna manogata arthako jAnatA hai / kintu dUsare lakSaNa athavA vyutpatti ke anusAra usa arthakA vicAra karanese jo manakI dazA hotI hai| usa dazA athavA paryAyoMko mana:paryaya jJAna jAnatA hai / zvetAmbara sampradAya meM dUsarA lakSaNa hI mAnya hai / zvetAmbarAcAryoM ke anusAra mana:paryaya jJAna manako paryAyoMko jAnatA hai aura manakI una paryAyoMke AdhArapara anumAna se usa bAhya padArthako jAnatA hai jisakA vicAra karanese manakI ve paryAyeM huiiN| isIse ve ise mana:paryayajJAna bhI kahate haiM / digambara paramparAmeM pahalA lakSaNa hI mAnya hai / mana:paryayajJAnake do bheda haiM - eka Rjumati aura eka vipulamati / Rjumati manaHparyayake Rjumanogata, Rjuvacanagata aura RjukAyagata viSayakI apekSA tIna 1. mana:paryayajJAnakA vizeSa kathana jAnane ke lie SaTkhaNDAgama pu0 13, pR0 328344 dekheM | 2. 'parakIya manogato'rtho mana ityucyate sAhacaryAt tasya paryayeNaM parigamanaM mana:paryayaH / ' - sarvArtha0, 1-10 / 3. 'manasaH paryayaH mana:paryayaH, tatsAhacaryAjjJAnamapi mana:paryayaH / mana:paryayazca sajJAnaM ca tat mana:paryayajJAnam / - ja0 60, 1 bhA0, pR0 16 | 4. 'manomAtra sAkSAtkAra mana:paryayajJAnam / manaH paryAyAnidaM sAkSAt paricchettumalam, bAhyAnarthAn punastadanyathAnupapatyA'numAnenaiva paricchinattIti draSTavyam' - jaina tarka 0 2 pR0 8 /
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________________ pramANake bheda bheda haiN| jo padArtha jisa rUpase sthita hai usakA usI rUpase spaSTa cintana karanevAle manako Rjumana kahate haiM / jo padArtha jisa rUpase sthita hai usakA usI rUpase spaSTa kathana karanevAle vacanako Rjuvacana kahate haiM tathA jo padArtha jisa rUpase sthita hai use abhinayake dvArA usI rUpase batalAnevAle kAyako RjukAya kahate haiM / isa prakAra jo sarala manake dvArA vicAre gaye, sarala vacanake dvArA kahe gaye aura sarala kAyake dvArA abhinaya karake dikhalAye gaye manogata arthako jAnatA hai vaha RjumatimanaHparyayajJAna hai| Azaya yaha hai ki koI manuSya manake dvArA spaSTa rUpase kisI arthakA vicAra karatA hai, spaSTa rUpase usakA kathana karatA hai aura usake lie zArIrika kriyA bhI karatA hai| kintu kAlAntarameM usa vicAre gaye, kahe gaye aura kiye gaye arthako bhUla jAtA hai| isa prakArake arthako Rjumati manaHparyayajJAna jAna letA hai ki tumane amuka arthakA isa rUpase vicAra kiyA thA, isa rUpase kahA thA aura isa rUpase use kiyA thaa| isa Rjumati manaHparya yakI utpattimeM indriya aura manakI apekSA rahatI hai / kyoMki Rjumati manaHparyayajJAnI pahale IhA matijJAnake dvArA dUsareke abhiprAyako jAnakara phira manaHparyayajJAnake dvArA dUsareke manameM sthita cintA, jIvana-maraNa, sukha-duHkha, lAbha-hAni vagairahako jAnatA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki Rjumati mana:paryayajJAna vartamAna jIvoMke vartamAna manase sambandha rakhanevAle trikAlavartI padArthoMko jAnatA hai atIta mana aura AgAmI manase sambandha rakhanevAle padArthoM ko nahIM jaantaa| kAlako apekSA yaha jJAna kamase kama do yA tIna bhavoMko jAnatA hai / tathA adhikase adhika vartamAna bhavako lekara ATha bhavoMko aura vartamAna bhavake binA sAta bhavoMko jAnatA hai| kSetrako apekSA adhikase adhika yojana pRthaktva aura kamase kama gavyUti pRthaktva pramANa kSetra meM sthita viSayako jAnatA hai / gavyati do hajAra dhanuSakA hotA hai / tathA yahA~ pRthaktvase ATha lenA caahie| vaise tInase lekara nau takakI saMkhyAko pRthaktva kahate haiN| ataH jaghanya Rju mati jJAna ATha gavyatike dhana pramANa kSetrameM sthita jIvoMke manogata viSayoMko jAnatA hai| aura utkRSTa Rjumati jJAna ATha yojanake ghanapramANa kSetrameM sthita jIvoMke manogata viSayoMko jAnatA hai| vipulamati manaHparyayajJAna Rju aura anRju mana, vacana aura kAyake bhedase chaha prakArakA hai| inameM se Rju mana, vacana aura kAyakA artha Upara kahA hai| tathA jo mana, vacana aura kAyakA vyApAra sarala rUpa na hokara saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya rUpa hotA hai use anRju mana, vacana aura kAya kahate haiN|
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________________ 164 jaina nyAya dolAyamAna jJAnako saMzaya kahate haiN| viparIta cintanakA nAma viparyaya hai, aura Adhe cintana aura Adhe acintanakA nAma anadhyavasAya hai| vipulamati cintita viSayako to jAnatA hI hai, kintu ardhacintitako aura jisakA Age cintana kiyA jAyegA aise acintita viSayako bhI jAnatA hai / tathA yaha RjumatijJAnakI taraha IhA matijJAnapUrvaka bhI nahIM hotaa| kintu ekadama apane viSayako jAna letA hai| ___ kAlakI apekSA jaghanya rUpase sAta-ATha bhavoMko aura utkRSTa rUpase asaMkhyAta bhavoMko vipulamati manaHparyayajJAna jAnatA hai| aura kSetrakI apekSA jaghanyase yojanA pRthaktva aura utkRSTase mAnuSottara parvatake bhItara sthita jIvoMke manogata viSayoMko jAnatA hai| mAnuSottara parvatase golAkAra kSetra na lekara 45 lAkha yojanakA dhanapratara rUpa kSetra lenA caahie| arthAt 45 lAkha yojana lambA aura utanA hI caur3A kSetra jAnanA kintu U~cAI paiMtAlIsa lAkhase kama hai ataH vipulamati mana:parya yajJAnake utkRSTa kSetrako dhanarUpa na kahakara ghanapratara kahA hai / isase mAnuSottara parvatake bAhara cAroM konoM meM sthita devoM aura tiryaMcoMke dvArA cintita viSayako bhI utkRSTa vipulamati manaHparyayajJAna jAnatA hai| dhavalATokAke anusAra jo utkRSTa mana:paryayajJAnI mAnuSottara parvata aura meruparvatake madhyameM meruparvatase jitanI dUra hogA usa ora usI kramase usakA kSetra mAnuSottara parvatake bAhara bar3ha jAyegA aura dUsarI aura mAnuSottara parvatase usakA kSetra utanA hI dUra raha jaayegaa| sakala pratyakSa sakala' pratyakSako kevalajJAna kahate haiN| kyoMki vaha asahAya hotA hai arthAt paranirapekSa tathA ekAko hI hotA hai / yaha pUrNa atIndriya hai| isa atIndriya jJAnakA svarUpa batalAte hue AcArya kundakundane likhA hai| "apadesaM sapadesa muttamamuttaM ca pajjayanajAdaM / palayaM gadaM ca jAgadi taM NANamadidiyaM bhaNidaM // 41 // " [pravacanasAra-jJAnAdhikAra ] arthAt jo apradezI paramANu aura kAlANuko, sapradezo jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma 1. akSNoti vyApnoti jAnAtItyakSa AtmA, tameva prAptakSayopazamaM prakSINAvaraNaM vA. pratiniyataM prtykssm| sarvArthasi0 pR0 12 / 'tat dvedhA-dezapratyakSaM sakalapratyakSaM ca / dezapratyakSamavadhimanaHparya yjnyaane| sarvapratyakSa kevalam |'-srvaarthsi0 pR0 66 /
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________________ pramANake bheda 165 aura AkAza dravyoMko, mUrtika aura amUrtikako, anAgata tathA atIta paryAyoMko jAnatA hai use atIndriya jJAna kahate haiM / ___ ataH atIndriya jJAnI sarvajJa hotA hai / sarvajJatva samIkSA mImAMsaka kisI sarvajJako sattAko svIkAra nahIM karatA, kyoMki vaha Izvarako / nahIM mAnatA aura jIvako sarvajJatAkA virodhI hai| vaha vedako apauruSeya aura svataHpramANa mAnatA hai| zAvarabhASyameM likhA hai ki veda bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya padArthoMkA tathA sUkSma, vyavahita aura viprakRSTa padArthoM kA jJAna karAne meM samartha hai| jaina paramparA pratyeka zuddha AtmA arthAt paramAtmAko sarvajJa, sarvadarzI mAnatI hai / ataH sarvaprathama samantabhadrAcAryane apane AptamImAMsA nAmaka prakaraNameM sarvajJakI siddhi tarkapaddhati ke AdhArapara karate hue likhA hai ki sUkSma, antarita aura dUravartI padArtha kisIke pratyakSa haiM kyoMki ve anumeya hai| jo-jo anumeyaanumAna pramANakA viSaya hotA hai, vaha-vaha pratyakSa bhI dekhA jAtA hai, jaise agniko hama dhamake dvArA anumAnase jAnate haiM to usakA pratyakSa bhI hotA hai / zAvarabhASyake TokAkAra kumArilane apane zlokavAtika Adi granthoM meM jainoMkI sarvajJatAviSayaka mAnyatAko samIkSA kI hai| sarvajJatAke viSayameM kumArilakA pUrvapakSa ___ kumArila kahate haiM ki jainoMkA kahanA hai ki sarvajJakA bAdhaka koI pramANa nahIM hai, isalie sarvajJa avazya hai| hamArA kahanA hai ki sarvajJakA sAdhaka koI pramANa nahIM hai, isalie sarvajJa nahIM hai| vizeSa isa prakAra hai-sarvajJakA sAdhaka pratyakSa pramANa nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki isa samaya hama kisI bhI sarvajJako nahIM dekhate / anumAna pramANa bhI sarvajJakA sAdhaka nahIM hai; kyoMki sarvajJakA anumApaka koI aisA liMga dikhAI nahIM detA jisako dekhakara hama yaha anumAna kara sakeM ki koI sarvajJa hai| nitya Agama jo veda hai, usameM bhI sarvajJakA koI ullekha nahIM hai; kyoMki vedakA pradhAna viSaya to yajJa-yAga Adi hI hai, usImeM vaha pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| zAyada koI kahe ki vedameM 'sa sarvavit sa lokavit'-hiraNya 1. 'codanA hi bhUtaM bhavantaM bhaviSyantaM sUkSma vyavahitaM viprakRSTamityevaM jAtIyakamarthamavagama yitumalam'-zAvarabhASya 1-1-2 / 2. aSTasahasrI, pR0 45 Adi / 3. mI0 zlo0 vA0, pR0 81-82 /
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________________ 166 naina nyAya garbhaH sarvajJaH' ityAdi vAkya pAye jAte haiM, ataH vedase sarvajJa siddha hotA hai| kintu aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki isa tarahake vAkya yAgakI hI prazaMsAmeM kahe gaye haiM, ataH ve sarvajJake sAdhaka nahIM haiN| isake sivA sarvajJa to sAdi hai aura veda anAdi hai / taba anAdi vedameM sAdisarvajJakA kathana kaise ho sakatA hai| ataH nitya Agama bhI sarvajJakA sAdhaka nahIM hai| rahA anitya Agama, to vaha sarvajJa racita hai yA kisI sAdhAraNa puruSakA banAyA huA hai ? sarvajJaracita Agamase sarvajJakI siddhi mAnanepara parasparAzraya nAmakA doSa AtA hai; kyoMki jaba koI sarvajJa siddha ho to usakA racita Agama siddha ho aura jaba sarvajJa racita Agama siddha ho taba sarvajJa siddha ho / sAdhAraNa puruSake dvArA race gaye Agamase sarvajJakI siddhi ho nahIM sakatI, kyoMki aisA Agama saccA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| ata: Agama pramANase bhI sarvajJakI siddhi sambhava nhiiN| upamAna pramANa bhI sarvajJakA sAdhaka nahIM hai| kyoMki yadi hama vartamAnameM sarvajJake samAna kiso puruSako dekheM to usako upamAse sarvajJako jAna sakate haiM, kintu jagat meM sarvajJake samAna bhI koI nahIM hai| isI taraha arthApatti pramANa bhI sarvajJakA sAdhaka nahIM hai, kyoMki saMsAra meM aisI koI bhI vastu dRSTigocara nahIM hotI jo sarvajJake binA na ho sakatI ho| zAyada kahA jAye ki dharmakA upadeza binA sarvajJake nahIM ho sakatA, ataH koI sarvajJa avazya honA caahie| kintu aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki dharmakA upadeza to binA sarvajJake bhI sambhava hai / buddha, arhat Adine jo dharmakA upadeza diyA vaha kevala ajJAnavaza diyA; kyoMki ve loga vedajJa nahIM the| manu Adine jo upadeza diyA vaha to vedamUlaka hI thaa| ataH dharmake upadezako dekhakara sarvajJakA astitva nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| ye pAMca pramANa hI aise haiM jo kisI vastukI sattAko siddha kara sakate haiN| inake sivA anya koI pramANa sarvajJakA sAdhaka nahIM hai / ataH yahI mAnanA par3atA hai ki koI sarvajJa nahIM hai / zAyada kahA jAye ki Ajakalake hamalogoMke pratyakSa Adi pramANa sarvajJako siddha karanevAle bhale hI na hoM, kintu dezAntara aura kAlAntarake logoMke pratyakSAdi pramANa aise ho sakate haiM, jinase sarvajJako siddhi hotI ho / aisA kahanA bhI yukta nahIM hai; kyoMki vartamAnameM jisa taraha ke pratyakSa Adi pramANoMse jisa tahake arthako jAnA jAtA hai, kAlAntara aura dezAntara meM rahanevAle logoM ke pramANa bhI isI tarahake the aura unase isI tarahake padArthoMko jAnA jAtA thaa| kyoMki vartamAnameM jisa taraha ke pratyakSa Adi pramANa pAye jAte haiM, unase vilakSaNa pratyakSAdi pramANoMkA abhAva hai| ata: koI bhI pratyakSa Adi pramANa indriya AdikI sahAyatAke binA nahIM ho sktaa|
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________________ pramANake bheda 16. zAyada kahA jAye ki-'gRddhako bahuta dUra takakI vastue~ dikhAI detI haiM, zUkarako bahuta dUra takakA zabda sunAI detA hai, cIMTIko bahuta dUrase AnevAlI gandhakA jJAna ho jAtA hai, bilAva-ulla Adiko binA prakAzake hI vastuoMkA pratyakSa hotA hai, kAtyAyana nAmake RSiko vilakSaNa anumAna jJAna thA, aura mImAMsakoMke guru jaiminiko vedArthakA vilakSaNa jJAna thA / ataH yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaise pratyakSAdi pramANa Ajakalake puruSoMke haiM, vaise hI dezAntara aura kAlAntarameM bhI the ?' aisA kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki gRddha vagairahako bhI indriya Adi sAmagroke binA rUpa AdikA jJAna nahIM hotA / ve bhI apane niyata viSayako hI jAna sakate haiM, atIndriya vastukA jJAna inako bhI nahIM ho sktaa| kahA bhI hai-"jahAM bhI atizaya dekhA gayA hai, vaha apane viSaya kI maryAdAke andara hI dekhA gayA hai / dUravartI sUkSma padArthako dekhane meM samartha cakSu zabdAdiko grahaNa nahIM kara sakatA aura na zrotra rUpako grahaNa kara sakatA hai| tathA jina manuSyoMmeM buddhi AdikA atizaya dekhA jAtA hai, unameM bhI vaha atizaya taratamAMza rUpase hI dekhA jAtA hai| koI bhI manuSya atIndriya padArthako nahIM dekha sakatA / 'buddhimAna manuSya bhI, sUkSma padArthoM ko dekhane meM samartha hote hue bhI, apanI jAtikA atikramaNa na karate hue hI, anya manuSyoMse viziSTa jAnatA hai|' 'eka manuSya kisI eka zAstrame vilakSaNa pAraMgata ho jAtA hai / kintu itane se ho use anya zAstroMkA jJAna nahIM ho jaataa|' jaise vyAkaraNa zAstrakA gambhIra adhyayana karanese zabdoM aura apazabdoMkA jJAna khUba ho jAtA hai, kintu aisA honese nakSatra, tithi, grahaNa vagairaha kA nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA; kyoMki yaha to jyotiSa zAstrakA viSaya hai|' isI taraha candragrahaNa aura sUryagrahaNa Adiko batalAne meM dakSa jyotiSI bhI zabdoMkI sAdhutA aura asAdhutAko nahIM jAna sktaa| arthAta jaise vyAkaraNazAstrakA jJAtA jyotividyAko nahIM jAnatA vaise hI jyotiSazAstrakA jAnakAra vyAkaraNazAstrakI bAtoMko nahIM jAna sktaa|' isI taraha veda aura itihAsakA viziSTase viziSTa jJAnI bhI svarga, devatA aura puNya-pApako pratyakSa nahIM dekha sktaa|' 'jo manuSya AkAzameM dasa hAtha U~cA kUda sakatA hai vaha saikar3oM varSa abhyAsa karanepara bhI eka yojana U~cA nahIM kUda sktaa|' ata: lokaprasiddha indriya pratyakSa se vilakSaNa atIndriya pratyakSa nAmakA koI pratyakSa pramANa nahIM hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki kisI viziSTa puruSake atIndriya pratyakSa ho sakatA hai, kintu aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki viziSTa puruSa 1. mI0 zlo0 vA0, codanAsUtra, kA0 114 /
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________________ 168 jaina nyAya koI haiM ho nhiiN| sabhI puruSa svabhAvase ho sUkSma paramANu Adiko, dUra dezAntaravartI sumeru Adiko aura kAlAntaravartI rAma-rAvaNa Adiko pratyakSa dekha sakane meM asamartha haiM-ataH sarvajJa nahIM hai|' uttarapakSa jainoMkA kahanA hai ki momAMsaka kumArilakA ukta kathana avicAritaramya hai / sarvajJakA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kyoMki usakA koI bAdhaka nahIM hai / zAyada kahA jAye ki satako viSaya karanevAle pAMca pramANa haiM aura ve pAMcoM pramANa sarvajJakA astitva nahIM batalAte / ataH sarvajJake jJApakakA abhAva ho sarvajJakA bAdhaka hai| kintu aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki isapara yaha prazna hotA hai ki 'sarvajJakA jJApaka pramANa nahIM pAyA jAtA' yaha bAta Apa apane anubhavake AdhArapara kahate haiM yA sabake anubhavake AdhAra para kahate haiM ? yadi Apa apane anubhavake AdhArapara kahate haiM to Apako to dUsareke manake vicAroMkA bhI patA nahIM hai taba kyA unakA bhI abhAva kahA jAyegA? aura yadi sabake anubhavake AdhArapara kahate haiM to Apako yaha jJAna kaise huA ki dezAntara aura kAlAntaravartI sava manuSyoMko sarvajJako batalAnevAle kisI pramANakA patA nahIM thA ? isose tattvArthazlokavArtikameM kahA~ hai-sarvajJakA jJApaka ( batalAnevAlA) koI pramANa nahIM hai' yadi yaha Apa apane vyaktigata anubhavake AdhArapara kahate haiM, taba to 'samudrameM kitane ghar3e pAnI hai' yaha bAta Apa nahIM jAnate to kyA samudra ke pAnI kI ghar3oMke rUpameM koI mApa hI nahIM hai ? yadi Apa yaha bAta saba vyaktiyoMke anubhavake AdhArapara kahate haiM to alpajJAnI puruSa saba manuSyoMke vyaktigata anubhavoMko nahIM jAna sakatA, ataH vaha aisI bAta kaise kaha sakatA hai ? aura yadi koI aisA vyakti hai jo dezAntara aura kAlAntaravartI saba manuSyoMke anubhavoMko jAnatA hai to phira Apa sarvajJakA niSedha kyoM karate haiM ? kyoMki 'sabako sarvajJake jJApaka pramANako anupalabdhi hai' yaha bAta cakSu Adi indriyoMse jAnI nahIM jA sakato; kyoMki atIndriya hai / na anumAnase jAnI jA sakatI hai kyoMki usakA sUcaka koI liMga nahIM hai| jaba pratyakSa aura anumAnase nahIM jAnA jA sakatA to phira arthApatti aura upamAna pramANakI to gati hI kahAM hai ? kyoMki yadi sabako sarvajJake jJApakakA anupalambha na hotA to amuka bAta na hotii| cUMki amuka bAta 1. sarvajJaviSayaka pUrvapakSake lie dekheM-tattvasaMgraha pR0 830, aSTasahasrI pR0 45, prameyaka0 mA0 pR0 247 / 2. pR0 13, kA0 13 Adi /
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________________ pramANake bheda 169 hai, ataH sabako sarvajJake jJApakakA anupalambha hai| isa tarahase sarvajJake jJApakake anupalambhake abhAvameM na ho sakanevAlI koI bAta hotI to usake AdhArapara anyathAnupapatti pramANake dvArA sarvasambandhijJApakAnupalambhako jAnA jA sakatA thA so koI hai nhiiN| isI taraha upamAna pramANase bhI sarvasambandhijJApakAnulambhako nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| isa taraha jaba sarvasambandhijJApakAnupalambhako pratyakSa, anumAna, arthApatti aura upamAna pramANase nahIM jAnA jA sakatA to kevala Agama pramANa zeSa rahatA hai| kintu mImAMsaka Agama pramANa vedase bhI yaha nahIM kaha sakatA ki sabako sarvajJake jJApaka pramANakA anupalambha hai; kyoMki mImAMsaka vedako kevala yajJa-yAgAdike viSayameM pramANa mAnatA hai, taba vaha veda sarvajJako sattA yA asattAke viSayameM pramANa kaise ho sakatA hai ? zAyada kahA jAye ki abhAva pramANase hama yaha bAta jAnate haiM ki sabako sarvajJake jJApaka pramANakA anupalambha hai| kintu aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki prabhAva pramANako pravRtti sarvatra nahIM hotii| Apane hI mAnA hai ki dRzya vastukA darzana na honA usake abhAvameM pramANa hai, kevala dikhAI na denese hI kisIkA abhAva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / ataH jo ghaTako khojatA hai vaha pahale ghar3A rakhanekI jagahako dekhatA hai| phira use ghar3ekA smaraNa hotA hai usake pazcAt indriyoMkI sahAyatAke binA hI usake manameM yaha jJAna hotA hai ki ghar3A nahIM hai yaha abhAva pramANa hai / Apake isa kathanake anusAra pahale saba manuSyoMko jAnanA cAhie, phira sarvajJake jJApaka pramANoMkA smaraNa honA caahie| taba sabako sarvajJake jJApaka pramANoMkA anupalambha hai, aisA jJAna ho sakatA hai / kintu saba manuSyoMkA sAkSAt jJAna eka sAtha ho nahIM sakatA, aura na kramase hI ho sakatA hai kyoMki apane sivA anya AtmAoMkA pratyakSa Apako iSTa nahIM hai, arthAt AtmAntarakA pratyakSa honA Apa nahIM mAnate / dUsare kramase saba AtmAoMko jAnane meM eka bAdhA aura bhI hai| jisa samaya kisI eka AtmAko jJApakopalambhake abhAvakA jJAna hogA, usa samaya anya manuSyasambandhI jJApakopalambhake abhAvakA jJAna nahIM hogaa| taba 'sabako jJApakakA anupalambha hai' yaha jJAna kaise ho sakatA hai| tathA mImAMsakake matameM kisI anya pramANase bhI saba manuSyoMkA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki unake sUcaka liMga AdikA abhAva hai| isake sivA, pahale sarvajJake jJApakakA upalambha siddha ho to pIche usakA smaraNa honepara 'sarvajJake jJApakakA anupalambha hai aisA jJAna abhAva pramANase ho sakatA hai| kintu sarvajJake jJApakakA upalambha hI siddha nahIM hai|' zAyada Apa ( momAMsaka ) kaheM ki jaina loga sarvajJake jJApaka pramANakA upa 22
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________________ 170 jaina nyAya lambha mAnate haiM, ataH unake mAnanese jo jJApakopalambha siddha haiM hama usakA abhAva siddha karate haiN| kintu aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki hama jainaloga jo sarvajJake jJApakakA upalambha mAnate haiM, hamArA vaha mAnanA pramANa hai yA apramANa hai ? yadi vaha pramANa hai taba to Apako bhI sarvajJake jJApaka pramANakA upalambha mAnanA cAhie: phira Apa usakA niSedha kyoM karate haiM ? aura yadi vaha hamArA mAnanA apramANa hai to usake AdhAra para Apa abhAva pramANase jJApakAnupalambhako siddhi nahIM kara sakate / ataH sarvajJake jJApaka pramANakA anupalambha sarvajJake astitvameM bAdhaka nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki vaha siddha nahIM ho skaa| isalie sarvajJake bAdhaka pramANakA sunizcita abhAva hI sarvajJakA sAdhaka hai| kyoMki jo vastu asat hotI hai usake bAdhaka pramANakA sunizcita rUpase abhAva nahIM hotaa| jaise marI. cikAmeM honevAlA jalajJAna jhUThA hai, ataH usakA bAdhaka pramANa hai| kintu sarvajJakA bAdhaka koI pramANa nahIM hai, yaha sunizcita hai / ataH sarvajJa avazya hai|' __isa taraha aSTasahasrIke racayitA svAmI vidyAnandane mImAMsakakA nirAkaraNa karate hue sarvajJakI siddhi isa AdhArapara kI hai ki mImAMsaka jo chaha pramANa mAnatA hai, unameM se koI bhI pramANa aisA nahIM hai jisase yaha siddha kiyA jA sake ki koI puruSa sarvajJa nahIM hai| ataH sarvajJake astitva meM bAdhaka kisI pramANake na honese sarvajJakI sattA siddha kI gayI hai| Age dUsare prakArase ve sarvajJakI sattA siddha karate haiM mImAMsaka' mAnatA hai ki vedake dvArA viziSTa puruSoMko bhUta, vartamAna aura bhAvI padArthoMkA tathA viprakRSTa, padArthoMkA jJAna ho sakatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki AtmAmeM sakala padArthoMko jAnane kI zakti hai / tathA anumAna pramANake lie vyApti jJAna Avazyaka hai| aura vyApti jJAnakA viSaya samasta deza aura samasta kAla hotA hai / jaise, 'jo sat hai vaha saba anekAntAtmaka hotA hai' yaha vyApti jJAna hai, jo sat mAtrako viSaya karatA hai| isa vyApti jJAnase bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki AtmAmeM saba padArthoM ko jAnanekI zakti hai / aba prazna yaha hotA hai ki jaba AtmAmeM saba padArthoM ko jAnanekI zakti hai aura vaha jJAna svabhAva hai, to vaha sabako jAnatA kyoM nahIM hai ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki, jaise madirA pIne se manuSya usake nazAse grasta ho jAtA hai vaise hI jJAnAvaraNa Adi karmoMke sambandhase AtmAmeM ajJAnakA udaya hotA hai| aura karmoMkA abhAva honepara jaba vaha pUrI tarahase vyAmohase mukta ho jAtA hai to samasta atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna padArthoMko 1. aSTasa0, pR0 46 /
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________________ pramANake bheda jAnatA dekhatA hai taba usake lie dUrI aura nikaTatAkA prazna nahIM rhtaa| aba prazna hotA hai ki jJAnAvaraNa Adi karmoMkA abhAva ho jAnepara yaha AtmA parI tarahase vyAmoharahita kaise ho jAtA hai jisase vaha artha paryAya aura vyaMjanaparyAya svarUpa samasta atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna padArthoM ko sAkSAt jAnatA hai ? isakA uttara isa prakAra hai-jo jisake honepara hI hotA hai vaha usake abhAvameM nahIM hI hotaa| jaise agnike abhAvameM dhUma nahIM hotaa| jJAnAvaraNa Adi karmoMkA sambandha honepara hI AtmAmeM ajJAna hotA hai ataH unake abhAvameM vaha nahIM hotaa| yaha nizcita hai| __ zaGkA-pUrI tarahase ajJAnase rahita AtmA bhI samIpa dezavartI aura samIpa kAlavartI padArthoM ko hI jAna sakatA hai, na ki dUradezavartI aura dUrakAlavartIko bhI? uttara-aisA kahanA ayukta hai; kyoMki na to samIpatA jJAna meM kAraNa hai aura na dUratA ajJAnakA kAraNa hai| AMkhameM lagA aMjana A~khake atyanta samIpa hotA hai kintu A~khase aMjanakA jJAna nahIM hotaa| kintu candra-sUryako dUravartI hote hue bhI A~kha dekha letI hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki A~khameM atyanta nikaTavartI padArthako jAna sakanekI yogyatA nahIM hai kintu yogya dUravarto padArthoM ko jAna sakaneko yogyatA hai to yogyatAko hI jJAnakA kAraNa mAnanA cAhie, nikaTatA aura dUratA to vyartha haiN| aura jJAnako rokanevAle karmakA kSayopazama athavA kSaya honepara eka dezase athavA pUrI tarahase ajJAnakA dUra ho jAnA hI yogyatA hai / ataH jisakA ajJAna prarI tarahase dUra ho jAtA hai vaha sabako dekhatA jAnatA hai| kahA bhI hai-jo jJAna svabhAva hai vaha 'pratibandhakake abhAvameM jJeyapadArthoM ko kyoM nahIM jAnegA? kyA pratibandhakake abhAvameM agni jalane yogya padArthoMkI nahIM jalAtI hai ?' isIse samasta padArthoM ko jAnane meM indriyoMkI apekSA nahIM rahatI jaise aMjana vagairahase saMskArita cakSuvAle manuSyako prakAzakI apekSA nahIM rhtii| jo eka dezase ajJAnarahita hotA hai aura thor3A-bahuta jAna sakatA hai usIko indriyoMko apekSA rahatI hai| kintu jisakA samasta ajJAna naSTa ho cukA hai usa sarvadarzI puruSako indriyoMkI apekSA nahIM rhtii| yadi use bhI indriyoMkI apekSA rahegI to vaha sarvajJa nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki sAkSAt athavA paramparAse indriyoMkA sambandha eka sAtha saba padArthoM ke sAtha nahIM ho sktaa|
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________________ jaina nyAya . mImAMsaka-'AvaraNake dUra ho jAnepara niSkalaMka AtmA bho dUravartI padArthakA pratyakSa kaise kara sakatA hai ? kaisI hI nirdoSa aura aMjana vagairahase saMskArita cakSu ho, kyA vaha dezaviprakRSTa, kAlaviprakRSTa aura svabhAvaviprakRSTa padArthoMko pratyakSa karatI huI dekhI gayI hai ? isI taraha grahaNa vagairahake upadravase mukta tathA meghapaTalake AvaraNase rahita sUrya bhI apane yogya vartamAna padArthoMkA ho prakAzana karatA hai na ki ayogya atIta aura anAgata pdaarthoNkaa| isI taraha rAga Adi bhAvakarmoMse tathA jJAnAvaraNa Adi dravyakarmoMse mukta niSkalaMka AtmA samasta dUravartI padArthoM kA pratyakSa kaise kara sakatA hai ? bhale hI koI muktAtmA ho, kintu vedake prAmANyameM usase rukAvaTa nahIM A sakatI; kyoMki dharmake viSaya meM to veda hI pramANa hai, muktAtmA pramANa nahIM hai, muktAtmA to Ananda svabhAva hai, vaha dharmako nahIM jaantaa| kahA bhI hai-'hama puruSameM kevala dharmajJatAkA niSedha karate haiN| dharmako chor3akara anya saba vastuoMko yadi koI puruSa jAnatA hai to kauna use rokatA hai|' ___mImAMsakako ukta ApattikA uttara dete hue jaina kahate haiM-svabhAvaviprakRSTa paramANu vagairaha, kAlaviprakRSTa rAma vagairaha, dezaviprakRSTa himavAn vagairaha kisIke pratyakSa haiM kyoMki anumeya hai arthAt unheM anumAna pramANase jAnA jA sakatA hai, jaise agni / yadi koI yaha kahatA hai ki svabhAvaviprakRSTa, dezaviprakRSTa aura kAlaviprakRSTa padArtha anumAnase nahIM jAne jA sakate to vaha anumAna pramANakA hI mUloccheda karatA hai, kyoMki jitane bhI padArtha haiM, ve saba kSaNika hai' ityAdi vyAptijJAnake abhAvameM yaha niSkarSa nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA ki 'isalie saba padArtha kSaNika haiN'| anumAna to aise padArthoM kA jJAna karaneke lie hI upayogI hai jinheM hama pratyakSa nahIM dekha sakate, kyoMki jo padArtha pratyakSa gocara hoM unake nirNayake lie anumAnakA prayoga vyartha hai| ataH jo dArzanika sattvakI anityatvake sAtha vyApti banAte haiM unako saba padArthoMko anumeya mAnanA hI par3egA / ataH saba padArthoke anumeya honese unakA pratyakSa honA bhI jarUrI hai| mImAMsaka-kucha artha pratyakSa hote haiM, jaise ghaTa vagairaha / jinakA avinAbhAvIliMga pratyakSase jAnA jA sakatA hai aise kucha padArtha anumeya hote haiM, aura kucha padArtha aise hote haiM jinheM hama Agamase hI jAna sakate haiM, jaise dharma vgairh| aise padArtha kisI bhI puruSake pratyakSa Adi gocara nahIM hote| jaina--aisA kahanA anucita hai| kisI apekSA dharma bhI anumeya hai| yathA 1. aSTasa0 pR0 55 / 2. tattyasaM0, pR0 817 /
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________________ pramANake bheda 10x isI 'jitanI bhI paryAya haiM ve saba aneka kSaNasthAyI honese kSaNika haiM, jaise ghaTa, taraha dharmAdi bhI haiM / ' mImAMsakoMko kisI pramANase paryAyatva aura anityatyakI vyApti siddha karanI hI cAhie, anyathA ve dharma Adiko paryAya mAnakara anitya siddha nahIM kara sakate / ataH kisI apekSA dharma bhI anumeya hai arthAt anumAna pramANase dharmako jAnA jA sakatA hai / tathA yadi svabhAva, deza aura kAlase viprakRSTa padArthoMko Apa anumeya nahIM mAnate to sukhAdiko anumAnase jAnanA vyartha kyoM nahIM hai ? kyoMki sukhakA mAnasa pratyakSa hotA hai / mImAMsaka - jo sadA aviprakarSI hai, unako anumAnase jAnanA hameM iSTa nahIM hai ? jaina - to phira anumAnase Apako kina padArthoMkA jAnanA iSTa hai ? mImAMsaka -kabhI aviprakRSTa padArthoMko aura kabhI aise dezAdi viprakRSTa padArthoMko, jinakA avinAbhAvI liMga jJAta hai, anumAnase jAnanA iSTa hai / jaina- -taba Apa buddhiko anumAnase kaise jAna sakeMge; kyoMki buddhi to sadA apratyakSa hai / aura Apake zAstra meM likhA hai ki arthake jJAna honepara buddhiko anumAnase jAnate haiM / ataH jaba sadA parokSa buddhiko bhI anumAnase jAnA jA sakatA hai, to sadA parokSa dharmAdiko bhI anumAnase jAnA jA sakatA hai / ataH dharmAdi bhI anumeya haiM isalie ve kisIke pratyakSa bhI hone hI cAhie / athavA anumeyakA artha zrutajJAnake dvArA jAnane yogya karanA cAhie / kyoMki matijJAnake 'anu' arthAt poche jo 'meya' arthAt jAnA jAye, vaha anumeya hai / matijJAnake pazcAt zrutajJAna hotA hai / ataH sUkSma Adi padArtha kisIke pratyakSa haiM; kyoMki zrutase ( vedase ) unakA jJAna ho sakatA hai / yaha bAta asiddha nahIM hai; kyoMki mImAMsaka svayaM mAnatA hai ki veda trikAlavartI sUkSma Adi padArthoMko jJAna karA sakane meM samartha hai / ataH anumeya sUkSma Adi padArtha kisIke pratyakSa avazya haiM / mImAMsaka- - sUkSma Adi padArtha anumeya to hoM, kintu kisIke pratyakSa na hoM to kyA bAdhA hai ? --- jaina- - isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki agni anumeya to ho, kintu kisIke bhI pratyakSa na ho / aisA honese anumAna pramANakA hI uccheda ho jAyegA | kyoMki sabhI anumAnoMmeM isa tarahakA doSa diyA jA sakatA hai| ataH amAna pramANako mAnanevAle mImAMsakoM ko anumeya honese sUkSma Adi padArthoMko kisI pratyakSa jJAnakA viSaya mAnanA hI cAhie /
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________________ 174 jaina nyAya mImAlaka-'sUkSma Adi padArtha kisIke pratyakSa haiM; kyoMki anumeya haiM' ApakA yaha anumAna ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki isameM dUsare anumAnase bAdhA AtI hai| vaha anumAna isa prakAra hai-'sUkSma Adi padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra karanevAlA koI nahIM hai; kyoMki vaha prameya svarUpa hai, satsvarUpa hai aura vastu svarUpa hai jaise hamaloga haiN| kahA bhI hai-'jisa sarvajJakI sattAkA khaNDana karane meM pratyakSa Adi pramANoMse siddha prameyatva Adi hetu samartha haiM, use kauna maanegaa|' jaina-yaha bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki jina hetuoMse Apa sUkSma Adi padArthoMke pratyakSakA niSedha karate haiM / unhIMse ve kisI ke pratyakSa siddha hote haiM / yathA-sUkSma Adi padArtha kisIke pratyakSa haiM; kyoMki ve prameya haiM, sat haiM aura vastu haiM / jojo prameya, sat aura vasturUpa haiM ve saba kisIke pratyakSa haiM jaise sphaTika maNi / isa taraha prameyatva sattva Adi hetu to sUkSma Adi padArthoM ke pratyakSa honeko hI puSTa karate haiM taba mImAMsaka unake dvArA sarvajJakA niSedha kaise kara sakatA hai ? mImAMsaka-sUkSma Adi padArthoMko Apa indriya pratyakSake dvArA kisIke pratyakSa siddha karate haiM athavA atIndriya pratyakSake dvArA / prathama pakSa ThIka nahIM kyoMki sUkSma Adi padArthoM kA indriyake sAtha sarvathA sambandha nahIM hotA ataH ve kisIke indriyajJAnake viSaya nahIM ho sakate / yadi atIndriya pratyakSake dvArA pratyakSa siddha karate haiM, to atIndriya pratyakSa to aprasiddha hai| jaina-hama indriya pratyakSa ke dvArA sUkSma Adi padArthoM kA pratyakSa nahIM mAnate / yadi koI yaha siddha karane kI koziza kare ki sUkSma Adi padArthoMkA indriyake dvArA pratyakSa hotA hai to hama bhI Apake sAtha usakA virodha karane ke lie taiyAra haiN| aura na atIndriya pratyakSase hI unakA pratyakSa honA siddha karate haiM, jisase Apa yaha Apatti de sakeM ki hama to atIndriya pratyakSase paricita hI nahIM haiN| hama to pratyakSa sAmAnyase sUkSma Adi padArthoMkA pratyakSa honA siddha karate hai / aura sUkSma Adi padArthoM ke sAmAnya rUpase kisIke pratyakSa siddha honepara vaha pratyakSa indriya aura manase nirapekSa ho siddha hotA hai / yathA-sarvajJakA pratyakSa indriya aura manakI sahAyatAse nirapekSa hotA hai; kyoMki vaha sUkSma Adi padArthoM ko jAnatA hai| jo pratyakSa indriyAdise nirapekSa nahIM hotA vaha sUkSma Adi padAryoMko viSaya nahIM krtaa| jaise hamArA pratyakSa / kintu sarvajJakA pratyakSa sUkSma Adi padArthoM ko viSaya karatA hai, ataH vaha indriya aura manakI sahAyatAse nahIM hotaa| 1, mI0 zlo0 vA0, codanAsUtra, kA0 132 /
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________________ pramANake bheda 175 mImAMsaka - - sUkSma Adi padArthoMkA pratyakSa jJAna Apa kisake siddha karate haiM - arhantake, yA jo arhanta nahIM hai usake, athavA sAmAnya AtmAke ? yadi arhantake siddha karate haiM to arhanta to aprasiddha haiM ataH Apake anumAnameM aneka doSa Ate haiM / yadi anarhat ke siddha karate haiM to Apako jo bAta iSTa nahIM hai vaha bhI mAnanI par3egI; kyoMki Apa to arhantake hI sUkSma Adi padArthoMkA pratyakSa mAnate haiM, anarhat ke nahIM mAnate / yadi sAmAnyAtmAke sUkSma Adi padArthoMkA pratyakSatva siddha karate haiM to arhanta aura anarhat ( jo arhanta nahIM ) ko chor3akara anya sAmAnyAtmA kauna hai, jisake Apa sUkSma Adi padArthoMkA pratyakSa honA siddha karate haiM ? jaina - na hama arhat ke sUkSma Adi padArthoMkA pratyakSatva siddha karate haiM aura na anarhat / kintu kisI puruSa - vizeSake siddha karate haiM / aura usake siddha honepara vaha puruSa vizeSa arhanta hI pramANita hotA hai kyoMki usakA upadeza pratyakSa aura yukti aviruddha ThaharatA hai / ataH ukta doSa nahIM Ate / zaGkA - sarvajJa atItakAla AdimeM rahanevAlI vastuko usI rUpase jAnatA hai yA vartamAnarUpase ? yadi vaha atIta kAlIna vastuko atItarUpase jAnatA hai to usakA jJAna pratyakSa nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki vaha avartamAna vastuko viSaya karatA hai / jo avartamAna vastuko viSaya karatA hai vaha pratyakSa nahIM hai, jaise smaraNa vagairaha | cU~ki sarvajJakA jJAna atIta anAgata arthako viSaya karatA hai, ata: vaha avartamAna vastugrAhI honese pratyakSa nahIM ho sakatA / yadi vaha atItakAlIna vastuko vartamAna rUpase jAnatA hai to usakA jJAna bhrAnta huA kyoMki jo anya rUpase sthita padArthako usase bhinna rUpase jAnatA hai vaha jJAna bhrAnta hotA hai, jaise eka candramAko do candramA ke rUpameM jAnanA / cUMki sarvajJakA jJAna atIta anAgata kAlavartI arthoko varttamAnarUpase jAnatA hai ataH vaha bhrAnta hai / uttara - jo vastu jisa rUpameM hai, usako usI rUpameM jAnatA hai / kintu isase avartamAna vastukA grAhaka honese sarvajJakA jJAna apratyakSa nahIM ThaharatA; kyoMki vaha spaSTa rUpa se apane viSayako grahaNa karatA hai / nikaTa deza aura vartamAna rUpase arthako jAnanA pratyakSakA lakSaNa nahIM hai / anyathA apanI goda meM baiThe hue bAlakake zarIrameM kriyA vagairahako dekhakara jo usameM jIvake sadbhAvakA jJAna hotA hai, vaha bhI pratyakSa kahA jAyegA / kintu hama logoMko jIvakA pratyakSa to hotA nahIM / ataH spaSTa rUpase arthakA pratibhAsa honA hI pratyakSa hai / isalie yadi sarvajJako atIta 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 88 /
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________________ 176 jaina nyAya Adi padArthoM kA spaSTa bodha hotA hai to vaha pratyakSa kyoM nahIM hai / tathA jaise indriya pratyakSake dvArA dUravartI padArthoM kA grahaNa honepara bhI usake spaSTagrAhI hone meM koI virodha nahIM hai vaise hI dUrakAlavartI padArthako grahaNa karanepara bhI atIndriya pratyakSake spaSTagrAhI hone meM koI virodha nahIM hai| kintu aisA honese atIta padArtha bhI vartamAna kahalAyegA aisI Apatti ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki atIta vastuko atIta rUpase hI jAnatA hai, vartamAna rUpase nahIM jaantaa| zaMkA--jaba' sarvajJa eka kSaNameM hI saba padArthoM ko jAna letA hai to dUsare kSaNameM use jAnaneke lie kucha bhI nahIM rahatA, ataH vaha ajJa kahA jaayegaa| tathA jaba vaha rAgI manuSyoMmeM sthita rAgako jAnegA to vaha bhI rAgI ho jAyegA? uttara-yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai, yadi dUsare kSaNa meM padArthoMkA athavA usake jJAnakA abhAva ho jAye to vaha ajJa ho sakatA hai| kintu aisA nahIM hotA; kyoMki sarvajJakA jJAna tathA duniyAke padArtha, donoM hI ananta haiM / ataH prathama kSaNameM sarvajJa bhAvi padArthoM ko 'ye bhaviSya meM utpanna hoMge' isa rUpase jAnatA hai, na ki vartamAna rUpase / bAdako utpanna honepara ve hI padArtha vartamAna rUpase pratibhAsita hote haiM / ata: jisa samaya jo vastu jisa dharmase viziSTa hotI hai usa samaya sarvajJake jJAnameM usI rUpase pratibhAsita hotI hai| rahI dUsarI Apatti, so vaha bhI anucita hai; kyoMki rAgAdi rUpase pariNamana karanese hI koI rAgI hotA hai, rAgako jAnane mAtrase koI rAgI nahIM ho jaataa| anyathA jisa samaya koI puruSa madirA pAna chur3Aneke lie madirAkI burAI batalAtA hai usa samaya vaha bhI zarAbI kahA jaayegaa| ataH jisa manuSyameM indriyoMmeM udreka paidA karanevAlI vAsanA jAgRta hotI hai, vahI rAgAdimAna kahA jAtA hai; kintu jo vItarAga hotA hai, vahI sarvajJa hotA hai, ataH sarvajJameM jAnane mAtrase rAgakA sadbhAva nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| zaMkA-yadi sarvajJakA jJAna saMsArake Adi aura antako jAna letA hai to saMsAra anAdi ananta nahIM rahatA, aura yadi nahIM jAnatA to vaha sarvajJa kaise huaa| uttara-yaha pahale kaha Aye haiM ki jo vastu jisa rUpase sthita hotI hai, usako sarvajJa usI rUpase jAnatA hai / ataH jo artha anAdi-ananta rUpase sthita hai usako sarvajJa anAdi-ananta rUpase hI jAnatA hai| zaMkA-yadi sarvajJa bhaviSyako jAnate haiM to bhaviSya bhI nizcita ho jAtA hai / aura jaba bhaviSya nizcita hai to puruSArtha vyartha ThaharatA hai ? 1. prameyaka0, pR0 260 /
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________________ pramANake bheda 177 uttara-sarvajJake jAna lenese bhaviSya nizcita nahIM ho jAtA, kintu jo honahAra hai vaha nizcita hai aura use sarvajJa jAnatA hai / kintu isase puruSArtha ekadama vyartha nahIM tthhrtaa| saMsArameM bahuta-se kArya aise hote haiM, jinameM daivakI pradhAnatA aura puruSArthakI gauNatA hotI hai; aura bahata-se kArya aise hote haiM jinameM puruSArthako pradhAnatA aura daivakI gauNatA hotI hai| jaise bambaIke samudrataTapara khar3e jahAjameM visphoTa honese usapara ladA sonA ur3a-ur3akara taTase dUra zaharake gharoMmeM chata tor3akara jA girA aura unameM rahanevAloMko anAyAsa mila gyaa| isameM daivako pradhAnatA hai / aura subaha se zAma taka zramapUrvaka taraha-tarahake udyoga-dhandhe karake jo dhanasaMcaya karate haiM, unameM puruSArthako pradhAnatA hai| sarvajJakA jJAna ina sabako jAnatA hai| jo daivavAdI haiM unake bhI bhaviSyako jAnatA hai, jo puruSArthavAdI haiM unake bhI bhaviSyako jAnatA hai / jo puruSArtha karake usameM saphala hoMge unake bhI bhaviSyako jAnatA hai aura puruSArtha karake usameM saphala nahIM hoMge, unakA bhI bhaviSya jAnatA hai| kintu kisIkA bhaviSya vaha banAtA yA bigAr3atA nahIM hai| usakA banAnA yA bigAr3anA to svayaM usa vyaktike hI hAthameM hai / svayaM apane puruSArthase hI vaha use banAtA yA bigAr3atA hai| kyoMki jise hama daiva kahate haiM vaha bhI to pUrva janma meM kiyA huA puruSArtha hI hai| kintu vaha nizcita hai aura use sarvajJa jAnatA hai / yahA~ itanA aura samajha lenA cAhie ki puruSArthakI saphalatAkA matalaba 'jo nahIM honevAlA ho usakA honA' nahIM hai, kintu jo honevAlA ho usako banA lenA hI puruSArthakI saphalatA hai| isa taraha jaina darzanameM nirAvaraNa kevalajJAnako sakala pratyakSa mAnA hai aura kevalajJAnIko sarvajJa sarvadarzI kahA hai| IzvaravAda samIkSA pUrvapakSa-nyAya vaizeSika darzana IzvaravAdI haiN| ve Izvarake jJAnako nitya mAnakara use sarvajJa mAnate haiM aura Izvara tathA usakI sarvajJatAkI siddhi isa prakAra karate haiM pRthivI vagairaha kisI buddhimAn kartAke dvArA banAyI gayI haiM, kyoMki kArya haiM, jaise ghaTa vgairh| yaha hetu asiddha nahIM hai kyoMki pRthivI vagairaha sAvayava haiM, ataH ve kArya haiM / yathA-pRthivI, parvata, vRkSAdi kArya haiM; kyoMki sAvayava haiM, jaise ghaTa 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 67 vagairaha / prameyaka0 mA0, pR0 266 / prazasta0 kandalI, pR0 54 / prazasta0 vyoma, pR0 301 / nyAyasUtra 4 / 1 / 20 / nyAyavA0 pR0 457467 / nyA0 vA0 tA0 TI0, pR0 518 / nyAyama0 pR0 164 / 23
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________________ jaina nyAya vgairh| yaha kAryarUpa hetu viruddha bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki jinakA kartA nizcita hai, aise ghaTAdimeM kAryapanA prasiddha hI hai| yaha hetu anaikAntika bhI nahIM hai; kyoMki jinakA akartRka honA nizcita hai, aise AkAzAdimeM kAryapanA nahIM rhtaa| yaha hetu kAlAtyayApadiSTa bhI nahIM hai; kyoMki usa hetukA sAdhya kAryapanA pratyakSa aura Agamase abAdhita hai| yaha hetu prakaraNa sama bhI nahIM hai; kyoMki usakA samAna balazAlI koI pratipakSI hetu nahIM hai / ataH yaha nirdoSa kAryatva hetu buddhimAn kartAko siddhi karatA haA, pakSadharmatAke balase jagatkA nirmANa karane meM samartha sarvajJa kartAko siddha karatA hai| zaMkA-ApakA kAryatva hetu iSTakA vighAta karatA hai| kyoMki samasta jagatkA kartA sarvajJa, nitya jJAna icchA prayatnavAlA, azarIrI, buddhimAn mAnA jAtA hai| kintu dRSTAnta rUpa ghaTAdikA kartA alpajJa aura sazarIra hotA hai| aura dRSTAntameM jo dharma dekhe jAte haiM unake anusAra hI sAdhyamikI pratipatti hotI hai / ataH cUMki ApakA hetu jo dharma Apa siddha karanA cAhate haiM usase viparIta dharmoMkI siddhi karatA hai, ataH vaha viruddha hetvAbhAsa hai / tathA dRSTAnta sAdhya vikala hai; kyoMki ghaTAdikA kartA pRthivI AdikI taraha sarvajJa aura azarIra nahIM hai / samAdhAna-ukta Apatti ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki sAdhya aura sAdhanako vizeSake sAtha vyApti nahIM hotI, yadi aisA ho taba to koI bhI anumAna nahIM bana sktaa| vyAptikA avadhAraNa anvaya-vyatirekapUrvaka hotA hai| aura vizeSoMmeM anvaya-vyatirekakA grahaNa zakya nahIM hai| ataH kAryatva hetuko vyApti kevala buddhimatkartapUrvakatvake sAtha hI mAnanA cAhie, sarvajJa azarIra Adi kartAke sAtha nhiiN| kartApaneko sAmagrImeM zarIra nahIM aataa| jJAna, cikIrSA ( karanekI icchA ) aura prayatnase hI kArya hote haiN| zarIrake hote hue bhI kumbhakArameM yadi jJAnAdi na hoM . to vaha ghaTakA kartA nahIM ho sakatA / pahale kAryake utpAdaka kAraNoMkA jJAna hotA hai, phira kAryako karane kI icchA hotI hai, phira prayatna kiyA jAtA hai, taba kArya hotA hai| ataH kArya karane meM ye tInoM hI avyabhicArI kAraNa hai| kintu Izvara cUMki sabhI kAryoko karatA hai, ataH vaha sarvajJa honA hI cAhie; kyoMki jo jisakA kartA hotA hai, vaha usake upAdAna Adiko jAnatA hai, jaise ghaTako banAne. vAlA kumbhakAra miTTI vagairahako jAnatA hai| aura Izvara jagatkA kartA hai / jagatke upAdAna cAra prakArake paramANu haiM, nimittakAraNa adRSTa Adi hai, bhoktA AtmA hai, bhogya zarIra Adi hai / inako jAne binA koI jagatkA kartA nahIM ho sktaa| Izvara meM pAye jAnevAle jJAnAdi nitya haiM kyoMki kumbhakArake jJAnAdise
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________________ pramANake bheda 176 vilakSaNa haiM / sAdhya aura dRSTAnta gharmo meM sarvathA samAnatA nahIM hotI, kyoMki aisA mAnane se koI anumAna nahIM bana sakatA / jaisI agni rasoIghara meM hotI hai vaisI hI parvata meM nahIM hotI / vaha Izvara eka hai kyoMki aneka bhI kartA eka adhiSThAtAke dvArA niyantrita hokara hI kArya karate haiM / kisI bar3e mahattva vagairaha ke nirmANa meM lage sabhI kArIgara aura majadUra kisI eka sUtradhArake niyantraNameM rahakara hI kArya karate dekhe jAte haiM / zAyada kahA jAye ki jaba IzvarakI icchA vagairaha nitya aura eka rUpa hai to kAryoM meM sadA ekarUpatA rahanI cAhie aura kArya sadA hI utpanna hote rahanA cAhie; kintu aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki sahAyaka sAmagrIkI vicitratA se tathA usake sadA prApta na rahanese jagatke kAryoM meM vicitratA tathA anityatA pAyI jAtI hai / zaMkA- purAne mahaloM tathA kue~ vagairahako hamane banate hue nahIM dekhA, kintu phira bhI unheM dekhakara unake kartA kisIke dvArA banAye jAnekI bAta dhyAnameM svayaM A jAtI hai / kintu pRthivI, parvata vagairahako dekhakara yaha bAta manameM nahIM AtI ki inheM kisIne banAyA hai / ataH dRSTAnta ghaTAdimeM jisa prakArakA kAryatva rahatA hai, vaha kAryatva pRthvI AdimeM nahIM rahatA / isalie ApakA kAryatva hetu asiddha haiM / samAdhAna - ukta kathana ThIka nahIM hai / kAryatva hetukA buddhimatkAraNa pUrvakatvake sAtha avinAbhAva siddha hai / jitane bhI kRtaka ( banAye gaye ) padArtha hote haiM ve saba apane viSayase kRtabuddhiko utpanna karate hI haiM, aisA koI niyama nahIM hai / jamInako khodakara use punaH bhara denepara, jisane use aisA hote hue nahIM dekhA use kabhI bhI yaha buddhi nahIM hotI ki yaha jamIna khodakara bharI gayI hai / zaMkA - svayaM ugI huI vanaspatise ukta hetumeM vyabhicAra AtA hai; kyoMki kisI buddhimAn kartAke na hote hue bhI vaha vanaspati apanI kAraNasAmagrIse svataH utpanna hoto hai / samAdhAna ---- vaha vanaspati bhI pakSakoTi meM sammilita hai arthAt pRthvI, parvata AdikI taraha hama usako bhI kisI buddhimAn kartA ke dvArA hI ugAyI huI siddha karate haiM; kyoMki vaha bhI kArya hai / aura jo pakSa ke antarbhUta hotA hai, usImeM hetuko vyabhicAra denepara koI bhI hetu gamaka nahIM ho sakatA aura aisI sthiti meM anumAna mAtrakA hI uccheda ho jAyegA / ukta vanaspatikA kartA koI buddhimAn vyakti nahIM hai, yaha bAta Apa anupalabdhi rUpa hetuse siddha karate haiM arthAt cU~ki usakA koI kartA dikhAI nahIM detA isalie vaha nahIM hai / kintu aisA mAnanA yukta nahIM hai / jo vastu dikhAI dene yogya hote hue bhI dikhAI nahIM detI, anupa 1
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________________ jaina nyAya labdhi rUpa hetuse usIkA abhAva siddha hotA hai| kintu vaha dRzyAnupalabdhi yahA~ nahIM hai; kyoMki pRthivI AdikA kartA adRzya hai / yadi anupalabdhi mAtrako abhAvakA sAdhaka mAnA jAyegA to bar3I gar3abar3I upasthita hogii| zaMkA--Izvara to parama dayAlu hai, vaha paropakArake lie hI pravRtta hotA hai| yadi vaha jagatkA kartA hotA to duHkha denevAle zarIrAdikI racanA na krtaa| yadi vaha isa prakArako duHkhadAyaka sAmagrI racatA hai to vaha paramadayAlu nahIM ho sktaa| samAdhAna-Izvara dharma aura adharmakI sahAyatAse zarIrAdikI racanA karatA hai| vaha jisa vyaktikA jaisA puNya yA pApa hotA hai, usake sukha yA duHkharUpa phalake bhogake lie usI prakArakA zarIra vagairaha banAtA hai| 'saMsArase prANiyoMko mukta karUMgA' Izvara to isa paropakAra vRttise hI pravRtti karatA hai / aura mukti prANiyoMke puNya aura pApake kSayase hotI hai| aura puNya-pApakA kSaya unakA phala bhoge binA nahIM hotaa| ataH parama dayAlu hote hue bhI bhagavAn duHkhadAyaka zarIrAdikI racanA karatA hai / zaMkA-Izvara bhI yadi dharma aura adharmavaza pravRtti karatA hai to dharma aura adharmase hI saba kArya utpanna ho jAyeMge, IzvarakI kalpanAse kyA lAbha hai ? ___ samAdhAna-dharma aura adharma to acetana haiN| cetanase adhiSThita hokara ho ve apane kAryameM pravRtta hote haiM / zAyada kahA jAye ki hama logoMkI AtmAse adhiSThita hokara dharma-adharma apane-apane kAryameM pravRtti kara sakate haiM / kintu aisA kahanA yukta nahIM hai kyoMki hamArI AtmAko adRSTa tathA paramANu vagairahakA jJAna nahIM hai aura acetana akasmAt pravRtti nahIM kara sakatA, anyathA jo kArya niSpanna ho cukA hai usameM bhI vaha pravRtti kara sakatA hai; kyoMki acetanako koI viveka to hai nhiiN| uttarapakSa-jainoMkA kahanA hai ki pRthivI Adiko kisI buddhimAnkI kRti siddha karane ke lie IzvaravAdiyoMne jo kAryatva hetu diyA hai, usakA kyA artha hai ? sAvayavatvakA nAma kAryatva hai, yA jo pahale nahIM thA, usakA apane kAraNoMkI sattAse sambandha honekA nAma kAryatva hai, athavA 'kRta' isa prakArakI buddhikA jo viSaya hai usakA nAma kAryatva hai, athavA vikAritvakA nAma kAryatva hai ? yadi kAryatvakA artha sAvayavatva hai to sAvayavatvakA kyA artha hai ? avayavoMmeM rahanekA 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 101 aadi| prameya ka0 mA, pR0 270 Adi /
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________________ pramANake bheda nAma sAvayavatva hai, yA avayavoMse racanA honekA nAma sAvayavatva hai; yA pradezatvakA nAma sAvayavatva hai yA 'sAvayava' isa prakArakI buddhikA jo viSaya ho vaha sAvayava hai / prathama pakSa meM avayava sAmAnya ( avayavatva ) se vyabhicAra AtA hai; kyoMki vaha kArya nahIM hai phira bhI avayavoMmeM rahatA hai / dUsare pakSa meM hetu sAdhyake tulya ho jAtA hai; kyoMki jaise pRthivI AdimeM kAryapanA sAdhya hai vaise hI unakA paramANu Adi avayavoMse racA jAnA bhI sAdhya hai, vaha siddha nahIM hai / tIsare pakSa meM AkAza Adise vyabhicAra AtA hai; kyoMki AkAza bhI sapradezI hai, kintu kArya nahIM hai | AkAzake sapradezI honeko Age siddha kareMge / yadi 'sAvayava hai' isa prakArakI buddhikA viSaya honA sAvayavatva hai, to isameM bhI AkAzase vyabhicAra AtA hai / ataH yadi kAryatvakA matalaba sAvayavatvase hai, to vaha Thoka nahIM hai / jo pahale nahIM thA usakA apane kAraNoMkI sattA se sambandha honekA nAma yadi kAryatva hai to yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki samavAya sambandhako Apane nitya mAnA hai, ataH vaha kArya nahIM ho sakatA / 'kRta' isa prakArakI buddhikA jo viSaya hai vaha kArya hai, yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki khodane vagairaha se niSpanna hue AkAza meM bhI 'kRta' isa prakArakA vyavahAra pAyA jAtA hai, kintu AkAza kArya nahIM hai / yadi vikAritvakA nAma kAryatva hai to Izvara bhI kArya ho jAyegA / sat vastumeM parivartana hone kA nAma vikAritva hai / isa prakArakA vikAritva Izvara meM bhI hai, ataH vaha bho kArya honese kisI anya buddhimAn ke dvArA banAyA gayA mAnA jAyegA / aura isa taraha anavasthA doSa upasthita hogA / yadi Izvara avikArI hai to vaha kAryoMko nahIM kara sakatA / ataH kAryatva hetukA svarUpa vicAranepara nahIM banatA / isalie kAryatva hetu asiddha hai / tathA jo vastu kAdAcitka ( kabhI - kabhI ) hotI hai, lokameM use hI kArya kahate haiM / jagat to IzvarakI taraha sadA sthAyI hai, vaha kArya kaise ho sakatA hai ? yadi kahA jAyegA ki jagat ke andara vartamAna vRkSa vagairaha kArya haiM ataH jagat bhI kArya haiM to Izvara meM rahanevAlI buddhi Adi aura paramANu AdimeM rahanevAle pAkaja rUpAdi bhI kArya haiM, ataH Izvara aura paramANu Adi bhI kArya kahalAyeMge / aura aisA mAnane para unako bhI utpanna karanevAlA koI dUsarA buddhimAn mAnanese anavasthA doSa AtA hai / 181 jagatko kArya mAna bhI leM to yaha prazna hotA hai, ki kAryatva hetuse Apa kArya mAtra lete haiM yA kAryavizeSa lete haiM ? yadi kAryamAtra lete haiM to kAryatva mAtra hetuse buddhimAn kAraNa vizeSakA anumAna kaise karate haiM ? kyoMki kArya mAtra
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________________ 182 jaina nyAya hetukA avinAbhAva to kAraNa mAtrake sAtha hai ataH kAryamAtra hetuse kAraNamAtrakA hI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / aura usameM hameM koI vivAda nahIM hai / naiyAyika-jaise dhUmamAtrase agnimAtrakA anumAna karate haiM vaise hI kAryamAtrase buddhimAn kAraNakA anumAna karate haiN| jaina-anumAnakI pravRtti avinAbhAva sambandhake balase hotI hai| aura avinAbhAva sambandha kAryamAtrakA kAraNamAtrake sAtha hI jAnA gayA hai na ki buddhimAn kAraNa-vizeSake sAtha / dhUmamAtra bhI agnimAtrakA sAdhaka nahIM hai, kyoMki aisA mAnanese, jahA~se Aga haTA lI gayI hai usa koTharImeM bhare hue dhUmase vyabhicAra AtA hai| kintu nIcese kramabaddha rUpameM Uparako uThatA huA dhuAM agnikA anumApaka hotA hai| usI taraha kRtabuddhikA utpAdaka jo kAryatva hai usase buddhimAn kAraNakI siddhi ho sakatI hai, kAryatva mAtrase nhiiN| yadi jisakA anvaya-vyatireka buddhimAn kartAke sAtha nizcita hai aise kAryatvavizeSako hetu mAnate haiM to isa prakArakA hetu asiddha hai; kyoMki isa prakArake hetukA pRthivI AdimeM abhAva hai| yadi isa prakArakA kAryatva pRthivI AdimeM rahatA hai to jaise purAne kUpa aura mahala vagairahako dekhakara, jinhoMne unheM banatA huA nahIM dekhA hai, unheM bhI yaha buddhi hotI hai ki kisI buddhimAn kArIgarane inheM banAyA hai, vaise hI pRthivI Adike viSayameM bhI honA caahie| naiyAyika-jo vastu kisoke dvArA kRta ho usameM kRtabuddhi honA hI cAhie, aisA koI niyama nahIM hai / khodakara punaH bhara dI gayI pRthvI meM tathA kRtrima maNimuktA vagairahameM, jinhoMne unheM banatA nahIM dekhA, unheM kRtabuddhi nahIM hotii| jaina-khodakara bhara dI gayo bhUmimeM aura akRtrima bhUmimeM AkArAdiko samAnatA pAyI jAtI hai isalie usameM kRta buddhi nahIM hotii| zAyada Apa kaheM ki pRthivI vagairahameM bhI akRtrima AkArako samAnatA pAyI jAtI hai kintu aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki akRtrima AkAra to Apa mAnate hI nahIM Apake matase to sabhI jagat kRtrima hai| ataH Apako purAne kUpa vagairahameM, jinhoMne unheM banatA nahIM dekhA unako bhI kRtabuddhi karAnevAlA, aura pRthivo AdimeM kabhI bhI na pAyA jAnevAlA, jinako banAtA huA dekhA hai, aise kUpa vagairahakI sajAtIyatA rUpa vizeSa mAnanA caahie| aura aisI sthiti meM ApakA hetu asiddha kyoM nahIM hai, apitu hai / athavA hetu siddha bhI rahA to bhI vaha viruddha hai, kyoMki usase ghaTAdikI taraha zarIra Adise viziSTa buddhimAn kartA hI siddha hotA hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki isa taraha viruddhatAkI upapatti karanese to sabhI anumAnoMkA uccheda ho
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________________ pramANake bheda 183 jAyegA, kintu aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki dhUmAdi anumAnase rasoIghara tathA anyatra pAyI jAnevAlI sAdhAraNa agni AdikA bodha ho sakatA hai| kintu usa taraha yahA~ buddhimAn sAdhAraNa kartAko pratipatti sambhava nahIM hai| kyoMki isa anumAnase aise kartA sAmAnyakI pratIti ho sakatI hai, jisakA AdhAra dRzya hodRSTigocara ho| jisakA AdhAra adRzya hai aise kartAkI pratipatti isa anumAnase nahIM ho sktii| Azaya yaha hai ki pRthivI vagairaha kisI buddhimAn kartAko banAyI huI haiM, kyoMki kArya haiM, jaise ghr| isa anumAnase ghaTako banAnevAle kumhArake samAna hI sazarIra alpajJa kartAkI siddhi ho sakatI hai sarvavyApI nitya Adi IzvarakI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| naiyAyika-sazarIra alpajJa vyakti pathivI AdikA nirmANa nahIM kara sktaa| ata: unakA kartA asAdhAraNa hI siddha hotA hai| jaina-aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai isase to pRthivI vagairahameM kartAke abhAvakA hI prasaMga AtA hai| kyoMki sAdhAraNa kartAse bhinna kisI asAdhAraNa kartAkI pratIti kabhI bhI nahIM hotii| naiyAyika-jisako kArakoMko zaktikA jJAna nahIM hai vaha kAryakA kartA nahIM ho sakatA, anyathA saba vyaktiyoMko saba kAryoke kartA hone kA prasaMga AtA hai| aura hama logoMko pathivI Adike saba kArakoMkI zaktikA jJAna nahIM hai| kyoMki paramANu Adi atIndriya haiN| ata: cUMki Izvarako samasta kArakoMkI zaktikA parijJAna hai ataH vahI pRthivI AdikA kartA siddha hotA hai| jaina-ukta kathana bhI avicArita ramaNIya hai| sUtradhAra ( makAna banAnevAlA ) Adiko dharmAdikA jJAna nahIM hotA phira bhI vaha makAna banAtA hai / aura prArambha kiye hae kAryake sampanna na honese jaise satradhAra AdimeM dharmAdi samasta kArakoMkA aparijJAna siddha hotA hai vaise hI Izvarake dvArA prArambha kiye hue aMkurAdi kArya bhI sampanna nahIM hote, ata: Izvarako bhI samasta kArakoMkA aparijJAna siddha hotA hai| naiyAyika-yadyapi Izvarako samasta kArakoMkA parijJAna hai, tathApi upabhoktAoMke adRSTavaza prArabdha kArya niSpanna nahIM hote / jaina-to sUtradhAra Adike sambandhameM bhI yahI bAta kahI jA sakatI hai / athavA Izvarako samarata kArakoMkA parijJAna rho| phira bhI eka vyakti samasta kArakoMkA adhiSThAtA nahIM ho sktaa| aneka vyakti bhI aneka kArakoM ke adhichAtA ho sakate haiM / samasta kArya ekako hI karanA cAhie athavA ekake dvArA
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________________ 184 jaina nyAya adhiSThita anekoMko hI karanA cAhie, aisA koI niyama nahIM hai / kAryakA kartApanA aneka prakArase dekhA jAtA hai| kahIM eka vyakti ke dvArA eka kArya kiyA jAtA hai jaise julAheke dvArA vastra / kahIM ekake dvArA aneka kArya kiye jAte haiM, jaise kumhArake dvArA ghaTa, sakore Adi / kahIM anekoMke dvArA aneka kArya kiye jAte haiM, jaise kumhAra Adike dvArA ghaTa, vastra, mukuTa, gAr3I vagairaha / kahIM anekoMke dvArA eka kArya kiyA jAtA hai, jaise domakoMke dvArA bAmI / unakA koI eka adhiSThAtA nahIM hai| aneka kArIgara eka sUtrakArake dvArA adhiSThita hokara pravRtti karate dekhe jAte haiM, isalie yadi eka Izvarako jagatkA adhiSThAtA mAnate ho to aneka dImake kisI ekake dvArA adhiSThita hue binA hI kArya karatI dekhI jAtI hai, ataH jagat Izvarake dvArA adhiSThita hue binA hI pravRti kare to kyA hAni hai ? donoM hI pratItiyAM samAna rUpase pramANa haiN| do prakArake kArya dekhe jAte haiN| kucha kArya to buddhimAn kartAke dvArA race jAte haiM jaise ghaTa / kucha kArya buddhimAn kartAke binA hI hote haiM jaise svayaM uganevAlI vanaspati / isa taraha jaba donoM hI prakArako pratItiyA~ pramANa haiM to donoM hI prakArake kAryoMkI siddhi sambhava hai| yadi kahA jAyegA ki svayaM uganevAlI vanaspatiko bhI hama vRkSa pRthivI vagairahameM sammilita karate haiM ataH usase vyabhicAra nahIM AtA, taba to koI hetu vyabhicArI nahIM ThaharegA; kyoMki jisase vyabhicAra AtA hogA usako hI pakSameM sammilita kara liyA jaayegaa| tathA IzvarakI buddhi Adise bhI hetumeM vyabhicAra AtA hai; kyoMki Izvarako buddhi bhI kArya hai, phira bhI apane samavAyI kAraNa Izvarase bhinna kisI anya buddhimAn kartAke dvArA usakI racanA nahIM hotii| yadi usako bhI kisI anya buddhimAn kartAkI kRti mAneMge to anavasthA doSa AtA hai / tathA kAryatvahetu kAlAtyayApadiSTa hai; kyoMki svayaM uge hue aMkuroMmeM kartAkA abhAva pratyakSase hI nizcita hai / naiyAyika-jo dRzya hote hue bhI pratyakSase dikhAI nahIM detA usIkA pratyakSase abhAva siddha hotA hai| Izvara to dRzya nahIM hai taba pratyakSase usakA abhAva kaise siddha ho sakatA hai| jaina-ukta kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai / yadi IzvarakA kisI pramANase sadbhAva siddha ho to yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki cUMki Izvara adRzya hai, ataH usakA anupalambha hai| kintu usakA sadbhAva isI pramANase siddha hotA hai yA anya kisI pramANase ? prathama pakSameM cakraka doSa AtA hai| isI pramANase IzvarakA sadbhAva siddha honepara Izvarake adRzya honese usakA anupalambha siddha hotA hai, aura usake
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________________ pramANake bheda siddha honepara hetu kAlAtyayApadiSTa nahIM hotA, aura hetuke kAlAtyayApadiSTa na honese usIse Izvarake sadbhAvakI siddhi hotI hai / dUsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki Izvarake sadbhAvakA sAdhaka kisI anya pramANakA abhAva hai / athavA IzvarakA sadbhAva rahe phira bhI usake adRzya hone meM kAraNa kyA zarIrakA abhAva hai yA vidyA vagairahakA prabhAva hai athavA jAtivizeSa hai ? pahalA pakSa to ThIka nahIM hai / yadi Izvara azarIra hai to vaha kAryoMkA kartA nahIM ho sakatA / ataH Izvara, pRthivI vagairahakA kartA nahIM hai kyoMki vaha azarIra hai jaise muktAtmA / naiyAyika -- kartApanekI sAmagrI meM zarIra sammilita nahIM hai / zarIra ke abhAva - jaina - meM bhI jJAna, icchA aura prayatnakA Azraya hone mAtra se kartApana dekhA jAtA hai / -yaha ThIka nahIM hai / AtmAkA zarIra se sambandhakA nAma hI sazarIrapanA hai / usake honepara hI apane zarIra meM yA anyatra kAryakA kartApanA banatA hai / zarIrake abhAva meM muktAtmAkI taraha Izvara jJAnAdikA bhI Azraya nahIM ho sakatA; yoMki jJAnakI utpattimeM zarIra nimitta kAraNa hai / yadi nimitta kAraNa zarIra ke abhAva meM bhI Izvara meM jJAna rahatA hai to muktAtmAmeM bhI jJAna honA cAhie / naiyAyika - jJAnAdika nitya haiM, ataH ukta doSa ThIka nahIM hai / 1 jaina -- aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki jJAnAdikI nityatA rUpase kahIM bhI pratIti nahIM hotI / tathA 'Izvara ke jJAnAdi nitya nahIM haiM, jJAnAdi honese jaise 'hamAre jJAnAdi' isa anumAnase bhI virodha AtA hai / yadi Izvara ke jJAnAdi anya jJAnAdimeM pAye jAnevAle svabhAvakA atikramaNa karate haiM to vRkSAdimeM bhI dRSTa svabhAvakA atikrama mAnanA hogA / ataH jJAnAdiko zarIra ke dvArA sampAdya hI mAnanA cAhie / aisI sthiti meM zarIra akiMcitkara kaise ho sakatA hai ? yadi Izvara vidyA Adike prabhAvake kAraNa adRzya hai to kabhI to vaha avazya dikhAI denA cAhie / jo vidyAdhArI yA tAntrika hote haiM ve sarvadA adRzya nahIM pAye jAte / yadi kahA jAyegA ki anya vidyAdhAriyoMse Izvara vilakSaNa hai ataH usameM dRSTa svabhAvakA atikramaNa dekhA jAtA hai to jagat rUpa kArya bhI saMsArake anya kAryoM se vilakSaNa hai ataH anya kAryoM meM pAye jAnevAle svabhAvakA usameM atikramaNa honA sambhava hai / pizAca AdikI taraha Izvarako jAti viziSTa hai isalie vaha adRzya hai, aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai, jAti to aneka vyaktiyoMmeM rahatI hai aura Izvara eka hai ataH usameM jAti vizeSakA honA sambhava nahIM hai / athavA Izvara yadi adRzya hai to rahe, kintu vaha sattAmAtra se pRthivI AdikA kAraNa hai, yA jJAna 24 184 *
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________________ 186 jaina nyAya vattAse yA jJAna, icchA aura prayatnavAlA honese, yA jJAna, icchA aura prayatnapUrvaka vyApAra karanese pRthivI AdikA kAraNa hai ? prathama pakSameM kumbhakAra Adiko bhI pRthivI AdikA kAraNa hone kA prasaMga AtA hai, kyoMki sattAmAtra to unameM bhI hai| dUsare pakSameM yogijana bhI pRthivI Adike kartA ho skeNge| tIsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki jisakA zarIra nahIM hai vaha jJAna, icchA aura prayatnavAlA nahIM ho sktaa| tathA zarIrase rahita vyakti vyApAra bhI nahIM kara sktaa| vyApAra yA to kAyakRta hotA hai yA vacanakRta hotA hai / jisake zarIra nahIM hai, usameM donoM hI vyApAra nahIM ho skte| kisIko bhI isa prakArako pratIti nahIM hotI ki mujhe Izvarane vacana yA kAyake dvArA isa kAryameM prerita kiyA hai| tathA vyApArakA matalaba hai kriyaa| IzvarameM kriyA ho nahIM sakatI; kyoMki vaha AkAza. kI taraha sarvavyApaka hai| yadi Izvara sakriya hai to vaha sarvadA tadavastha nahIM raha sakatA aura aisA honese anityatAkA prasaMga AtA hai| sarvathA nitya aura ekarUpa to vahI ho sakatA hai jisakI avasthAmeM raMca mAtra bhI parivartana na ho| isameM paramANuse vyabhicAra nahIM AtA; kyoMki hameM paramANukI bhI pariNamana rUpase anityatA iSTa hai / yadi Apa Izvarako bhI pariNamana rUpase anitya mAnate haiM to anitya honese vaha bhI kArya hogA aura taba usake lie koI dUsarA buddhimAn kartA mAnanA hogA aura aisI sthitimeM anavasthA doSa AtA hai| yadi anitya hokara bhI IzvarakA koI buddhimAn kartA nahIM hai to kAryatva hetuko Izvarase hI vyabhicAra AtA hai| tathA, Izvara pratyeka kAryake lie ekadezase vyApAra karatA hai yA sarvAtmanA vyApAra karatA hai| yadi ekadezase vyApAra karatA hai to jitane kArya haiM utane ho Izvarake avayava hone caahie| aura aisI sthitimeM Izvarako niraMza mAnanekI bAta nahIM bntii| yadi Izvara, pratyeka kAryake lie sarvAtmanA vyApAra karatA hai to jitane kArya haiM utane hI Izvara mAnane hoMge aura taba Izvarake eka hone kI pratijJAko kSati phuNcegii| tathA IzvarameM racanekI icchA aura saMhAra karane kI icchA kyA eka sAtha hotI haiM yA kramase / yadi eka sAtha hotI hai to sRSTi aura saMhArakA eka sAtha prasaMga AtA hai| yadi kramase hotI hai to usakA kAraNa btlaaie| yadi vaha kAraNakI apekSA karatI hai to nitya nahIM ho sktii| naiyAyika-yadyapi icchA, prayatna Adi nitya haiM tathApi vicitra sahakAriyoMke sAnnidhyase vicitra kAryoMko karate haiN| jaina-ve sahakArI usa Izvarake adhIna haiM yA nahIM ? yadi nahIM haiM to unhIMse kAryatva hetumeM, vyabhicAra AtA hai| yadi Izvarake adhIna haiM to ve sahakArI usI
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________________ pramANake bheda samaya kyoM nahIM hote ? yadi kahA jAtA hai ki unake kAraNoMkA abhAva hai to punaH vahI prazna hotA hai ki ve kAraNa Izvarake adhIna haiM yA nahIM, aura isa prakAra anavasthA doSa AtA hai| jagatke nirmANameM IzvarakI pravRtti apanI rucike anusAra hotI hai, yA karmako paravazatAse hotI hai, yA karuNAse hotI hai, yA dharma Adike prayojanake uddezyase hotI hai, yA krIr3Ase hotI hai, yA logoMkA nigraha aura anugraha karaneke lie hotI hai, yA svabhAvase hotI hai ? yadi rucike anusAra Izvara jagatke nirmANameM pravRtta hotA hai to kabhI sRSTi bilakula vilakSaNa bhI ho sakatI hai| yadi Izvara karmAdhIna hai to usakI svatantratAmeM hAni AtI hai, Izvaratva yA svAtantrya to yahI hai ki anya kisIkA mukha dekhanA na pdd'e| yadi Izvara karuNAvaza jagatkI racanA karatA hai to dayAlu honese eka sAtha sabhIko aizvaryazAlI banAnA caahie| taba saMsArameM koI duHkhI hI na rahegA, kyoMki dayAluko yahI dayAlutA hai ki dUsaroMko duHkhakA leza bhI na ho| naiyAyika-pUrva upAjita karmoM ke vaza hokara hI prANI duHkha uThAte haiM usameM Izvara kyA kara sakatA hai ? jaina-taba IzvarakA kyA pauruSa rhaa| karma to upabhogase hI kSaya hote haiM / yadi Izvara adRSTakI apekSA karake jagatkA nirmANa karatA hai to Izvarako mAnanese . kyA lAbha hai ? kyoMki yadi Izvara adRSTake adhIna hai to jagatko hI adRSTake adhIna mAna lenA cAhie, isa antargaDu Izvarase kyA lAbha ? yadi Izvara dharma Adi prayojanake uddezyase jagatke nirmANameM pravRtti karatA hai to vaha kRtakRtya kaise ho sakatA hai, kyoMki jo kRtakRtya ho jAtA hai use dharmAdikA prayojana nahIM rhtaa| yadi Izvara krIr3Avaza pravRtti karatA hai to vaha sAdhAraNa janakI taraha vItarAga kaise huaa| Izvara paramapuruSa hai aura baccoMkI taraha krIr3A karatA hai yaha to mahAn Azcarya hai / isI taraha yadi vaha ziSTa janoMke anugraha aura duSTa janoMke nigrahake lie pravRtti karatA hai to vaha vItarAga aura vItadveSa kaise huaa| jaise sUrya svabhAvase hI prakAzita hotA hai vaise hI Izvara yadi svabhAvase hI jagatke nirmANameM pravRtti karatA hai to acetana bhI jagatko pravRtti svabhAvase hI ho, eka adhiSThAtAko kalpanAse kyA lAbha hai ? anAdikAlase jagat apane svabhAvase hI sthita hai| tathA buddhimAna IzvarakI buddhi nitya hai yA anitya ? nitya to ho nahIM sakatI, kyoMki nityatA anumAnase bhI aura pratItise bhI bAdhita hai| yadi anitya hai to kisase usa buddhikI utpatti hotI hai-indriya aura padArthake sannikarSase yA samAdhi-vizeSa
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________________ 188 jaina nyAya se yA samAdhise utpanna hue dharmake mAhAtmyase, yA dhyaanmaatrse| prathama pakSa yukta nahIM hai; kyoMki Izvara to azarorI hai usake muktAsmAkI taraha na to mana hai aura na indriyA~ haiN| yadi haiM to vaha sarvajJa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki indriya aura manase utpanna honevAlA jJAna niyata arthako hI jAnatA hai / samAdhi-vizeSa aura anudhyAna bhI jJAnavizeSa ho haiM aura Izvara abhItaka bhI asiddha hai taba svayaMse svayaMkI utpatti kaise ho sakatI hai ? jaba samAdhi-vizeSa hI asambhava hai to usase utpanna huA dharma IzvarameM kaise ho sakatA hai, jisase usake mAhAtmyase jJAnakI utpatti sambhava ho| tathA azarIrI IzvarameM samAdhi bhI kaise sambhava hai ? ataH kAraNake asambhava honese IzvarameM jJAnakA sadbhAva nahIM banatA / aisI sthitimeM IzvarameM buddhimattA kaise siddha ho sakatI hai / tathA Izvarako mAnanemeM saMsArakA hI lopa ho jAtA hai; kyoMki Izvarake vyApArase pahale zarIra aura indriya vagairahakA abhAva honese saba AtmAoMke buddhi Adi guNoMkA bhI abhAva hogA aura zarIra indriya vagairahake abhAva meM tathA buddhi Adi vizeSa guNoMke abhAvameM Atyantika zuddhiko prApta AtmAoMko amukta mAnanA yukta nahIM hai| isa prakAra saMsArakI racanAmeM pravRtta huA Izvara saMsArakA abhAva kara detA hai yaha to usakI bar3I bhArI buddhimattA hai ? ataH yogake dvArA mAnA gayA Izvara samasta jagatkA janaka nahIM ho sakatA aura isalie vaha sarvajJa bho siddha nahIM hotaa| Izvarake svarUpake viSayameM sAMkhyakA pUrvapakSa yogasUtrameM likhA hai ___ "klezakarmavipAkAzayairaparAmRSTaH puruSavizeSa IzvaraH / / 1-24 // " __ kleza, zubha-azubha karma una karmoM ke phalakA upabhoga rUpa vipAka tathA Azaya ( nAnA prakArake tadanurUpa saMskAra ) se achtA jo puruSa-vizeSa hai vaha Izvara hai / kintu muktAtmA Izvara nahIM hai; kyoMki ve bandhase sarvadA achate nahIM hote / jo sarvadA bandhase mukta hai aura jise kabhI bhI klezAdi nahIM satAte vahI Izvara hai / Izvarake sivAya jo anya muktAtmA hai ve aise nahIM haiN| unake prAkRta, vaikArika aura dakSiNake bhedase tIna prakArakA bandha hotA hai| AtmA aura anAtmAke vivekakA na honA prAkRtabandha hai| viSayoMmeM AsaktikA honA vaikArika bandha hai / aura 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 106-111 / 2. sAM0 kA0, mATharavRtti, pR0 62 Adi /
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________________ pramANake bheda 189 dharma-adharmasvarUpa dakSiNAbandha hai| ina tInoM prakArake bandhoMse Izvara hI sarvadA achUtA rahatA hai / muktAtmA to ina tInoM bandhoMko viveka jJAnase, mAdhyasthyase tathA karmaphalake upabhogase naSTa karake hI kaivalyako prApta hue haiM, bhagavAn Izvara to sadA hI mukta hai, sadA hI Izvara hai, na to usake saMsArase mukta hue AtmAoMkI taraha pUrvA koTi hai aura na prakRtilIna tattvajJAnI yogiyoMkI taraha aparA koTi hai| yogI loga muktiko prApta karake bhI punaH bandhanameM par3a jAte haiN| IzvarameM niratizaya utkRSTa sattvazAlI buddhi rahatI hai ataH usase usakI aizvaryazAlitA siddha hai tathA zAstrase usakI niratizaya utkRSTa sattvazAlitA siddha hai / zAstrakA aura niratizaya sattvake utkarSakA anAdi sambandha honese anyonyAzraya doSa nahIM aataa| IzvarakA vaha aizvarya ATha prakAra kA hai-aNimA, mahimA, laghimA, prApti, prAkAmya, Izitva, vazitva aura ytrkaamaavsaayitaa| aNuzarIra hokara Izvara samasta prANiyoMko dikhAI na dete hue jo samasta logameM saMcAra karatA hai yaha aNimA hai| ladhu hokara vAyuko taraha vicaraNa karatA hai, yaha laghimA hai / vaha samasta lokameM pUjita aura bar3oMse bhI bar3A hotA hai, yaha mahimA hai| jo-jo vaha manameM socatA hai vaha-vaha use prApta hotA hai, yaha prApti hai| viSayoMko bhogane meM samartha hotA hai, yaha prAkAmya hai| tInoM lokoMkA svAmI hotA hai, yaha IzitA hai| sthAvara aura jaMgama prANiyoMko apane vazameM karatA hai tathA jitendriya hotA hai, yaha vazitA hai| brAhma, prAjApatya, daiva, gandharva, yakSa, rAkSasa, paitra aura pizAca ina ATha devayoniyoM meM pAMca prakArake tiryaMcoM aura manuSyoMmeM jahA~-jahA~ usakI icchA hotI hai vahIM basatA hai, yaha yatrakAmAvasAyitA hai / ina jJAna aura aizcarya AdikA prakRSTa aura prakRSTatama rUpase tAratamya dekhA jAtA hai| jisameM inakA sarvAdhika prakarSa pAyA jAtA hai vahI Izvara hai| isa anumAnase Izvarako siddhi hotI hai / jo isa prakAra hai jisake tAratamyakA prakarSa-hInatA aura adhikatAko caramasImA dekhA jAtA hai, usakA kahIM paryavasAna hotA hai| jaise parimANakA prakarSa aakaashmeN| jJAna aura aizvarya Adi dharmoke tAratamyakA prakarSa dekhA jAtA hai| usa IzvarakI pravRtti samasta saMsAriyoMpara anugraha karaneke lie hI hotI hai| vaha kalpa, pralaya aura mahApralayameM 'samagra jagatkA uddhAra karU~gA' aisI pratijJA karake hI sthita rahatA 1. mATharavR0, pR0 41 / yogasUtra vyA0 bhA0, 3145 | 2. mATharavR0, pR0 70 /
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________________ 190 jaina nyAya hai| jo dhyAnI usakA dhyAna karate haiM, vacanase usakA japa karate haiM unako vaha abhISTa phala detA hai| kAlake dvArA usakA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotA, ataH vaha kapilamaharSi Adi pUrva guruoMkA bhI guru hai| kapilAdi kalpa mahAkalpa Adi kAlake dvArA naSTa ho jAte haiM, kintu Izvara sadA avasthita rahatA hai / uttarapakSa-sAMkhyakA ukta kathana avicArita ramaNIya hai| yataH usa Izvara. kA svarUpa kyA kleza Adise achUtA honA mAtra hai yA kleza Adise achatA rahate hue sarvajJa honA usakA svarUpa hai ? prathama pakSameM to vaha mukta hI huA, Izvara nahIM, kyoMki anya mukta bhI kleza Adise achUte hote haiN| phira bhI yadi vaha Izvara hai to anya muktoMko bhI IzvaratvakA prasaMga AtA hai| sAMkhya-mukta jIva bandhase sarvadA aspRSTa nahIM hote, ataH unheM IzvaratvakA prasaMga nahIM aataa| jaina-Izvara bhI bandhase sarvadA aspRSTa nahIM ho sktaa| isa bAtakA kathana Age mokSake kathanameM kiyA jaayegaa| dUsare pakSameM arthAt yadi klezAdise aspRSTa hote hue sarvajJatA IzvarakA svarUpa hai to usakI siddhi kaise karate haiM, saba jagatkA kartA honese athavA aizvaryakA Azraya honese ? prathama pakSameM yogoMke dvArA mAne gaye Izvarake pakSameM jo dUSaNa diye gaye haiM ve saba dUSaNa Ate haiN| tathA yadi Apa Izvarako kartA mAnate haiM to Apane AtmAko jo 'akartA nirguNaH zuddhaH' Adi kahA hai, vaha nahIM bntaa| ___ sAMkhya-akartA Adi anya AtmAoMkA hI lakSaNa hai, IzvarakA nhiiN| Izvara anya AtmAoMse viziSTa hai / ataH usameM koI doSa nhiiN| jaina-taba to zuddhatA Adi bhI IzvarakA svarUpa nahIM ho sakegI aura isa taraha Izvara anya AtmAoMse atyanta viziSTa ho jaayegaa| athavA Izvara kartA rahe, kintu vaha Izvara svatantrarUpase kArya karatA hai yA prakRti ke adhIna hokara kArya karatA hai ? yadi vaha svatantra kArya karatA hai to yogoMke dvArA mAne gaye Izvarase usameM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai ataH usameM dUSaNa denese hI isako bhI dUSita samajha lenA caahie| yadi vaha Izvara prakRtike adhIna hokara kArya karatA hai to yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki Age prakRtike svarUpakA nirAkaraNa kreNge| tathA Izvara prakRtike adhIna kyoM hai ? kyA prakRti IzvarameM kucha atizayakA AdhAna karatI hai yA milakara kArya karatI hai ? pahalA pakSa ThIka 1. yogasU0 1125 / 2. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 111-114 /
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________________ pramANake bheda nahIM hai, Izvara sarvathA nitya honese avikArI hai, ataH prakRti usameM atizayakA AdhIna nahIM kara sktii| dUsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki jaba Izvara aura prakRti donoM kAraNa sarvatra sarvadA vartamAna haiM aura unako zakti bhI apratihata hai to avikala kAraNa honese sabhI kArya eka sAtha utpanna ho jaayeNge| jo jaba avikala kAraNa hotA hai vaha taba utpanna hotA hI hai, jaise antima kSaNa avasthAko prApta kAraNa sAmagrIse aMkurakI utpatti hotI hI hai| nitya vyApI Izvara aura pradhAna nAmaka do kAraNoMke adhIna samasta kArya avikala kAraNa haiM, ata: unakI utpatti eka sAtha hogI hii| sAMkhyayadyapi Izvara aura prakRti rUpa donoM kAraNa sarvatra sarvadA vartamAna rahate haiM phira bhI sarvatra sarvadA kAryotpatti nahIM hotI, kyoMki kAryoMkI sthiti, utpatti aura vinAzameM kramase prakaTapaneko prApta sattva, raja aura tama sahAyaka haiM aura prakaTapaneko prApta sattva, raja aura tama kramase hote haiM / jaina-yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki jisa samaya Izvara aura prakRti sthiti, utpatti aura pralaya meM-se kisI ekako utpanna karate haiM to unameM zeSa doko utpanna karanekI zakti hai yA nahIM ? yadi hai to sRSTike samayameM bhI sthiti aura pralayakA prasaMga AtA hai; kyoMki sRSTikI taraha ve donoM bhI avikala kAraNa haiN| isI taraha sthitike samaya utpAda aura vinAzakA tathA vinAzake samaya sthiti aura utpAdakA prasaMga AtA hai| kintu yaha yukta nahIM hai; kyoMki parasparake parihArase rahanevAle uttAda Adi dharmoMkA ekadharmI meM eka sAtha sadbhAva honA pratItiviruddha hai| yadi ekako utpanna karane ke samaya zeSa doko utpanna karanekI zakti nahIM hai to sthiti AdimeM-se jisako utpanna karanekI zakti hai vahI eka kArya sadA hogA, zeSa donoM nahIM hoMge; kyoMki Izvara aura prakRtimeM una donoMko utpanna karanekI zakti nahIM hai| aura yataH donoM avikArI haiM unameM koI vikAra honA zakya nahIM hai, ataH unameM punaH zaktikI utpatti ho nahIM sakatI anyathA ve donoM nitya eka svabhAvavAle nahIM ho sakate / sAMkhya-Izvara aura prakRtimeM yadyapi sthiti, utpAda aura vinAza tInoMko utpanna karaneko sAmarthya hai tathApi jaba udbhUtavRtti (prakaTapaneko prApta)raja sahAyaka hotA hai taba ve utpatti karate haiM, jaba sattva sahAyaka hotA hai to sthiti karate haiM aura jaba tama sahAyaka hotA hai to pralaya karate haiM / ____ jaina-yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki sattva, raja aura tamakI udbhUtavRttitA nitya hai yA anitya hai / nitya to hai nahIM; kyoMki vaha kAdAcitka ( kabhI-kabhI
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________________ 192 jaina nyAya honevAlI ) hai| tathA yadi usako nitya mAneMge to sthiti vagairahake eka sAtha. honekA prasaMga AtA hai| yadi sattva AdikI udbhUtavRttitA anitya hai to vaha kisase utpanna hotI hai ? prakRti aura Izvarase hI, yA kisI anyase, athavA svatantra rUpase ? prathama pakSameM udbhUtavRttitAke sadA sadbhAvakA prasaMga AtA hai kyoMki usake kAraNa prakRti aura Izvara nitya honese sadA rahate haiN| dUsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki prakRti aura Izvarake sivAya koI tIsarA kAraNa Apa mAnate hI nhiiN| tIsare pakSameM udbhUtavRttitAkA AvirbhAva kAla aura dezake niyamase nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki jo svatantratApUrvaka hotA hai usakA dezaniyama aura kAlaniyama nahIM bana sktaa| ataH vicAra karanepara IzvarameM kartApanA kisI bhI taraha nahIM bntaa| ataH kartA honese Izvara sarvajJa nahIM ho sakatA / aizvaryakA Azraya honese bhI Izvara sarvajJa nahIM ho sakatA: kyoMki vicAra karanepara Izvara meM aizvarya bhI nahIM banatA / isakA vizeSa isa prakAra hai-IzvarameM aizvarya svAbhAvika hai yA prakRtikRta hai ? svAbhAvika to ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki sAMkhya aizvaryako baddhikA dharma mAnate haiN| aura AtmAmeM kevala caitanyako svAbhAvika mAnate haiM / yadi aizvarya prakRtikRta hai arthAt jaba prakRti buddhirUpa pariNamana karatI hai taba usakI avasthA vizeSa dharma-jJAna, vairAgya, aizvarya Adi prakaTa hote haiM, taba to Apane hI Izvara meM aizvaryakA abhAva batalA diyA kyoMki jaba aizvarya buddhikA pariNAma hai aura Izvara usase bhinna hai to IzvarameM aizvarya kaise ho sakatA hai, anyathA anya AtmAoM meM bhI aizvarya mAnanA pdd'egaa| tathA, apane iSTa kAryake sampAdana meM dravya sahAya Adiko sampannatAko aizvarya kahate haiM, yadi Izvara apane kisI iSTa kAryako nahIM karatA, kevala vastuko jyoMkA tyoM jAnatA hai, to vaha itane hI se aizvaryavAn kaise huaa| jo jise jAnatA hai vaha usa viSayameM Izvara hai, aisI to bAta nahIM hai kyoMki aisA mAnanese atiprasaMga doSa AtA hai| yadi kahA jAtA hai ki IzvarakA jJAna kAlase vicchinna nahIM hotA, ata: vahI Izvara hai, anya nhiiN| to aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki kAlase vicchinna na honese nityatAkI siddhi hotI hai, aizvaryakI nhiiN| ataH jagatkA kartA hone Adike dvArA sarvazakA sadbhAva siddha nahIM hotaa| kintu karmoke AvaraNake haTa jAnepara AtmA hI sarvajJa siddha hotA hai / aisA Age btlaayeNge|
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________________ parokSapramANa aspaSTa jJAnako parokSa kahate haiN| parokSa pramANake pAMca bheda haiM - smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama / sabhI jaina tArkikoMne parokSa pramANake ukta ye pAMca bheda kiye haiN| kevala eka apavAda hai| akalaMkadevakRta nyAyavinizcayake TokAkAra vAdirAja sUrine apane 'pramANa' nirNaya' nAmaka nibandhameM parokSake do bheda kiye haiM-eka anumAna aura dUsarA Agama / anumAnake do bheda kiye haiM - gauNa aura mukhya / gauNa anumAnake tIna bheda kiye haiM - smaraNa, pratyabhijJA aura tarka / smaraNa pratyabhijJAmeM kAraNa hai, pratyabhijJA tarkameM kAraNa hai aura tarka anumAnameM kAraNa hai| isa taraha ye tInoM cUMki paramparAse anumAna pramANameM kAraNa haiM, isalie gauNa pramANa mAnakara vAdirAjane inheM anumAnameM gabhita kara liyA hai| aisA karane kA eka hI kAraNa pratIta hotA hai - nyAyavinizcayake tIna paricchedoMmeM akalaMkadevane kramase pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama pramANakA hI kathana kiyA hai| ataH vAdirAja sUrine parokSa ke anumAna aura Agama bheda karake zeSa tIna parokSa pramANoMko anumAnameM garbhita kara liyA pratIta hotA hai / smaraNa athavA smRti pahale jAnI huI vastuke smaraNako smRtijJAna kahate haiM / jaise, vaha devadatta / smRtiko pramANa na mAnanevAle bauddha AdikA pUrva pakSa-bauddhoMkA kahanA hai, smatijJAnake svarUpa aura viSayakA vicAra karanese smRti jJAnako pramANa mAnanA Thoka pratIta nahIM hotaa| vizeSa isa prakAra hai - 'smRti' zabdase Apa kyA lete haiM - jJAna mAtra athavA anubhUta arthako viSaya karanevAlA jJAna ? yadi jJAnamAtrakA nAma smRti hai taba to pratyakSa Adi jJAna bhI smRti kahe jAyeMge aura aisA honese smRtike sivA zeSa sabhI pramANoMkA lopa ho jAyegA; kyoMki Apa pratyeka jJAnako smRti mAnate haiN| yadi anubhUta arthako viSaya karanevAle jJAnako smRti kahate haiM to devadattake dvArA anubhUta padArthameM yajJadattako jo pratyakSa jJAna hotA hai vaha bhI 1. 'tacca dvividhmnumaanmaagmshceti| anumAnamapi dvividhaM gauNa-mukhyavikalpAt / tatra gauNamanumAnaM trividhaM smaraNaM pratyabhijJA trkshceti| tasya cAnumAnatvaM yathApUrvamuntarottarahetutayA'numAnanibandhanatvAt / -pramANani0 pR0 331 / 2. nyAya0 ku0 ca0, pR0 405 / pra0 ka0 mA0, pR0 336 / 25
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________________ jaina nyAya smRti kahA jAyegA / zAyada Apa kaheM ki jisa manuSyane pahale jisa vastuko pratyakSase jAnA hai, kAlAntara meM usI manuSyako usI vastukA jo jJAna hotA hai vaha smRti hai / kintu aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM kyoMki aisA mAnanese to dhArAvAhI pratyakSa bhI smRti kahA jAyegA / yataH dhArAvAhI pratyakSameM bhI usI manuSyako usI vastukA punaH punaH jJAna hotA hai / 194 dUsare, yadi anubhUta vastumeM honevAle jJAnako Apa smRti kahate haiM to manubhUta vastumeM jJAna huA yaha kaise mAlUma hotA hai, pratyakSase, smRtise athavA donoMse ? pratyakSase yaha jJAna nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki jisa samaya pratyakSa jJAna hogA usa samaya smRti hI nahIM rhegii| taba asat smRti jJAnako pratyakSa kaise jAna sakatA ? kyoMki jo asat hotA hai use jAnA nahIM jA sakatA, jaise kharaviSANa asat hai ataH use koI jAna nahIM sakatA / isI taraha pratyakSa ke samaya smRtijJAna asat hai ataH use pratyakSa jAna nahIM sakatA / aura jaba pratyakSa jJAna smRtiko jAna nahIM sakatA taba vaha yaha kaise jAna sakatA hai ki anubhUta padArtha meM smRti hotI hai / ataH pratyakSase to isa bAtakI pratIti ho nahIM sakatI / smRti se bhI usakI pratIti nahIM ho sakatI / kyoMki yadi smRti pratyakSa aura usake viSayabhUta arthako jAna sakatI to vaha yaha jAna sakatI thI ki 'maiM anubhUta padArtha meM utpanna huI hU~ / ' kintu smRti unheM nahIM jAnatI / tathA yadi 'anubhUtatA' pratyakSakA viSaya hotI to smRti bhI yaha jAna sakatI ki 'maiM anubhUta padArtha meM utpanna huI hU~; kyoMki smRti to pratyakSakA anusaraNa karatI hai / kintu pratyakSakA viSaya anubhUtatA nahIM hai, anubhUyamAnatA hai / ata: smRti bhI isa bAtako nahIM jAnatI / aura na smRti aura pratyakSa donoM hI isa bAtako jAnate haiM; kyoMki pratyeka pakSameM jo dUSaNa Upara diye haiM ve dUSaNa Ate haiM / ataH vicAra karanepara smRtikA svarUpa nahIM banatA / aura na viSaya hI banatA hai| smRtikA viSaya vastumAtra hai athavA anubhUta vastu hai ? yadi vastu mAtra smRtikA viSaya hai, to sabhI pramANa smRti ho jAyeMge | aura yadi anubhUta vastu smRtikA viSaya hai to devadattase anubhUta padArtha meM honevAlA yajJadattakA jJAna aura dhArAvAhI jJAna smRti kahe jAyeMge / yadi smRti anubhUta arthako jAnatI hai to vaha pramANa nahIM ho sakatI; kyoMki usakA viSaya avidyamAna hai, jo avidyamAnako viSaya karatA hai, vaha pramANa nahIM hotA / aura yadi avidyamAnako viSaya karanepara bhI smRtiko Apa pramANa mAnate haiM taba to bar3I gar3abar3I upasthita hogI / ataH smRti pramANa nahIM hai /
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________________ parokSapramANa uttarapabha-jainoMkA kahanA hai ki 'hama saMskAra-vizeSase utpanna honevAle tathA anubhUta arthako viSaya karanevAle 'vaha' isa AkAra rUpa jJAnako smRti mAnate haiN| yaha smRti jJAna anya jJAnoMse bhinna hai| pUrva jJAnakA prabala saMskAra smRtikA kAraNa hai jaba ki pratyakSAdi jJAna cakSu Adi kAraNoMse utpanna hote haiN| 'vaha devadatta' yaha smRtikA svarUpa hai jaba ki 'yaha devadatta' Adi pratyakSAdikA svarUpa hai| smRtikA viSaya anu bhUta padArtha hai jaba ki pratyakSAdikA viSaya vartamAna padArtha Adi hai| isa prakAra kAraNabheda, svarUpabheda aura viSayabhedase smRti pratyakSAdi pramANoMse bhinna hI hai| phira bhI use pramANa na mAnanekA kyA kAraNa hai ? kyA vaha gRhIta vastuko hI grahaNa karatI hai isalie pramANa nahIM hai, athavA usakA koI vizeSa viSaya nahIM hai isalie vaha apramANa hai, athavA asat atIta vastuko viSaya karanese vaha apramANa hai, athavA vaha arthase utpanna nahIM hotI isalie apramANa hai, athavA vaha bhrAnta hotI hai isalie apramANa hai, athavA vaha samAropa ( saMzayAdi ) ko dUra nahIM karatI isalie apramANa hai, athavA usase koI prayojana nahIM sadhatA isalie vaha apra. mANa hai ? __ yadi gRhIta vastuko grahaNa karaneke kAraNa smRtiko apramANa kahate haiM to anumAnase jAnI huI agniko pIche pratyakSase jAnanepara vaha pratyakSa bhI apramANa kahA jAyegA; kyoMki vaha bhI gRhIta vastuko grahaNa karatA hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki anumAnase jAnI huI agniko jAnanepara bhI pratyakSajJAnameM anumAna jJAnase kucha apUrvatA rahatI hai isalie pratyakSa pramANa hai to phira smRti kyoM apramANa hai; kyoMki jo vastu pahale vartamAna rUpase jAnI gayI thI use hI vaha atIta rUpase jAnatA hai ataH smRtimeM bhI kucha apUrvatA hai hii| ataH smRti pramANa hai; kyoMki pratyakSAdi pramANoMse jAne hue bhI padArthako kucha apUrvatAko liye hue jAnatI hai| ataH gRhItagrAhI honese smRtiko apramANa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| dUsarI Apatti bhI ucita nahIM hai kyoMki pahale kahIM rakhI huI vastuko, vicArita vastuko aura paThita vastuko smaraNa karAnA smRtikA hI kArya hai| vaha kArya kisI anya pramANase nahIM ho sktaa| tIsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki jisa atIta vastuko smRti jAnatI hai vaha atIta vastu svakAlameM asat hai yA smRtikAlameM asat hai ? svakAlameM to vaha asata nahIM hai, kyoMki atItakAlameM vaha vastu vidyamAna thii| aura smRtikAla. meM smRtike viSayabhUta arthake avidyamAna honese smRti apramANa nahIM ho sktii| 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 406 / pra0 ka0 mA0 pR0 336 /
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________________ 196 jaina nyAya aisA mAnanese to pratyakSa bhI apramANa ThaharegA; kyoMki kSaNikavAdI bauddha pratyakSake viSayabhUta arthako pratyakSakAlameM sat nahIM mAnate / ataH avidyamAnako jAnane ke kAraNa pratyakSa bhI apramANa ThaharatA hai| __isI taraha yadi arthase utpanna na honeke kAraNa smRti apramANa hai, to pratyakSa bhI apramANa ThaharegA; kyoMki pratyakSakAlameM bauddha matAnusAra arthake na rahanese pratyakSa bhI arthase utpanna nahIM hotA / tathA artha jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM hai, yaha pahale kaha bhI Aye haiM ata: yaha Apatti bhI ucita nahIM hai| bhrAnta honese smRtiko pramANa na mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki apane viSayameM smRti nirdhAnta hotI hai| hAM, yadi kahIM bhrAnti pAyI jAye to use smRti na mAnakara smRtyAbhAsa mAnanA caahie| jaise ki jisa pratyakSameM bhrAnti hotI hai use pratyakSa na mAnakara pratyakSAbhAsa ( jhUThA pratyakSa ) kahate haiN| isI taraha samAropako dUra na karaneke kAraNa smRtiko pramANa na mAnanA bhI anucita hai| kyoMki smRtike viSayabhUta arthameM viparIta AropakA praveza sambhava nahIM hai| ___smRtise koI prayojana nahIM sadhatA isalie vaha apramANa hai, aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki anumAna pramANakI pravRtti smRti pramANapara hI nirbhara hai| jo manuSya pahale sAdhya aura sAdhanakA sambandha nirNIta kara letA hai ki jahA~-jahA~. dhUma hotA hai vahAM agni avazya hotI hai, vaha manuSya jaba kahIM dhuAM dekhatA hai to tatkAla use dhUma aura agnike pUrva nirNIta sambandhakA smaraNa hotA hai aura usake bAda vaha anumAnase agniko jAna letA hai| ataH anumAna pramANako pravRttimeM kAraNa honese smRtike prAmANyakA niSedha kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? yadi smRti pramANa na ho to anumAna pramANa hI nahIM bana sktaa| ataH smRtiko eka svatantra pramANa mAnanA cAhie / pratyabhijJAna pramANa 'pratyakSa aura smaraNako sahAyatAse jo jor3a rUpa jJAna hotA hai use pratyabhijJAna kahate haiM / jaise yaha vahI devadatta hai, gavaya gauke samAna hotA hai, bhaisa gause vilakSaNa hotI hai, yaha usase dUra hai, ityAdi jitane bhI isa tarahake jor3a rUpa jJAna hote haiM ve saba pratyabhijJAna haiM / ina udAharaNoMkA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra hai-sAmane devadattako dekhakara pahale dekhe hue devadattakA smaraNa Anese yaha jJAna hotA hai ki yaha 1. darzanasmaraNakAraNakaM saMkalanaM pratyabhijJAnam / tadevedaM, tatsadRzaM, tadvilakSaNaM tatprati yogItyAdi |'-priikssaamu0 3-5 /
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________________ parokSapramANa 197 vahI devadatta hai| isa jJAnake honemeM pratyakSa aura smaraNa kAraNa hote haiM / tathA yaha jJAna pahale dekhe hue devadattameM aura vartamAnameM sAmane vidyamAna devadattameM rahanevAle ekatvako viSaya karatA hai, isalie ise ekatva pratyabhijJAna kahate haiM / kisI manuSyane gavaya nAmakA pazu dekhA / dekhate hI use pahale dekhI huI gaukA smaraNa huA usake pazcAt 'goke samAna yaha gavaya hai' aisA jJAna hotA hai / yaha sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna hai| bhaiMsako dekhakara gaukA smaraNa ho Anepara "bhaisa gause vilakSaNa hotI hai' honevAlA yaha jJAna vaisAdRzya pratyabhijJAna kahA jAtA hai / isI taraha pratyakSa aura smaraNake viSayabhUta padArthoM meM parasparakI apekSAko liye hue jitane bhI jor3arUpa jJAna hote haiM, jaise yaha usase dUra hai, yaha usase pAsa hai, yaha U~cA hai yA yaha usase nocA hai Adi, ve saba pratyabhijJAna haiN| pUrvapakSa--kSaNikavAdI bauddha smRtikI taraha pratyabhijJAnako bhI pramANa nahIM maantaa| usakA kahanA hai--pahale jAnI huI vastuko punaH kAlAntarameM 'yaha vahI hai' isa rUpase jAnanekA nAma pratyabhijJAna hai| kintu yaha eka jJAna nahIM hai; kyoMki isameM 'vaha' yaha jJAna smaraNarUpa honese aspaSTa hai aura 'yaha' jJAna pratyakSa rUpa honese spaSTa hai / ata: aspaSTa aura spaSTarUpa do virodhI dharmokA AdhAra eka jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| yadi ho sakatA hai to ye do AkAra pratyabhijJAnameM ekameka hokara pratibhAsita hote haiM athavA alaga-alaga pratibhAsita hote haiN| yadi ekameka hokara pratibhAsita hote haiM to donoMmeM se kisI eka AkArakA hI pratibhAsa honA cAhie kyoMki dUsarA AkAra to usase abhinna hai| aura yadi donoM AkAra alaga-alaga pratibhAsita hote haiM to yaha eka jJAna na hokara alagaalaga do jJAna siddha hote haiM taba pratyabhijJAna nAmakA eka jJAna kaise sambhava hai ? dUsare, pratyabhijJAnakA koI kAraNa bhI nahIM hai| usakA kAraNa indriya hai, athavA pUrva pratyakSase utpanna huA saMskAra hai, athavA donoM haiM ? indriya pratyabhijJAnakA kAraNa ho nahIM sakatI; kyoMki vaha vartamAna padArthakA hI jJAna karA sakatI hai| saMskAra bhI pratyabhijJAnakA kAraNa nahIM hai; kyoMki vaha smaraNakA kAraNa hai| indriya aura saMskAra donoM bhI pratyabhijJAnake kAraNa nahIM hai, kyoMki donoMko kAraNa mAnane se donoM pakSoMmeM diyA gayA doSa upasthita hogaa| anya koI kAraNa bhI pratIta nahIM hotA jise pratyabhijJAnakA kAraNa mAnA jAye ataH pratyabhijJAna nAmakA koI jJAna sambhava nahIM hai / yaha mAna bhI liyA jAye ki pratyabhijJAna sambhava hai to bhI vaha pramANa nahIM 2. nyA0 ku. ca0, pR0 411 /
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________________ jaina nyAya ho sakatA; kyoMki usakA koI viSaya nahIM hai / usakA viSaya pUrvajJAnameM pratibhAsita vastu hai yA usase koI bhinna hai ? yadi pUrvajJAnase jAnI huI vastuko hI pratyabhijJAna jAnatA hai to dhArAvAhI jJAnakI taraha gRhItagrAhI hone se vaha pramANa nahIM hai / yadi pUrva jJAnameM pratibhAsita vastuse pratyabhijJAnakA viSaya bhinna hai to vaha kisa bAta meM bhinna hai ? 198 zAyada kahA jAye ki atIta kAlavartI aura vartamAna kAlavartI devadatta meM aikyakI pratIti pratyabhijJAnase hotI hai / ataH pUrvajJAna meM pratibhAsita vastuko vizeSarUpase pratyabhijJAna jAnatA hai isalie vaha agRhItagrAhI honese pramANa hai, kintu aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha aikya kyA cIja hai, jise Apa pratyabhijJAnakA viSaya batalAte haiM- ekatva saMkhyA yA sthAyitva ? yadi aikyase matalaba ekatva saMkhyAse hai to ekatva saMkhyAkI pratIti to pratyakSa kAlameM hI ho jAtI hai; kyoMki pratyakSa se eka devadattakA jJAna hotA hai taba pratyabhijJAnake viSaya meM pratyakSa se kyA vizeSatA rahI ? yadi ekatvase matalaba sthAyitvase hai to vaha sthAyitva deva - dattase bhinna hai yA abhinna hai ? yadi abhinna hai to jisa samaya pUrvajJAnane devadattako jAnA usI samaya usase abhinna sthAyitvako bhI usIne jAna liyA, taba pratyabhijJAna gRhItagrAhI kyoM nahIM huA / yadi vaha sthAyitva devadatta se bhinna hai to vaha pratyabhijJAnake samaya meM hI devadatta meM utpanna hotA hai athavA usase pahale utpanna ho jAtA hai / yadi pahale utpanna ho jAtA hai to pUrvajJAna jaba devadattako jAnatA hai taba usake sthAyitvako bhI jAna legA phira pratyabhijJAnakA viSaya pUrvajJAnase adhika kaise huA ? yadi vaha sthAyitva pratyabhijJAnake samaya ho utpanna hotA hai to vaha pratyabhijJAnakA viSaya nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki pahale jAne hue padArthako kAlAntara meM jAnanepara hI pratyabhijJAna hotA hai / ataH pratyabhijJAna nAmakA koI pramANa nahIM hai / uttarapakSa-- jainoM kA kahanA hai ki jaise citrajJAnameM nola, pota Adi aneka rUpoMkI pratIti hotI hai vaise hI pratyabhijJAnameM 'yaha vahI hai' ina do AkAroMkI pratIti hotI hai / ataH eka jJAnameM do AkAroMke pratibhAsita hone meM koI virodha nahIM hai / jaise bauddhamata meM citrapaTa Adi sAmagrIse eka citrajJAna paidA hotA hai athavA pratyakSAdi sAmagrIse nirvikalpaka aura savikalpaka AkAroMko liye hue eka vikalpa jJAna utpanna hotA hai / vaise hI 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 414 / pra0 ka0 mA0, pR0 340 /
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________________ parokSapramANa pratyakSa aura smaraNa rUpa sAmagrI se utpanna hone vAlA pratyabhijJAna donoM AkAroMko lekara hI utpanna hotA hai / jaise boddhamata meM eka hI jJAna parokSa aura aparokSa tathA nirvikalpa aura savikalpa do virodhI dharmokA AdhAra hotA hai vaise hI pratyabhijJAna bhI yadi do dharmokA AdhAra ho to usameM kyA Apatti hai ? ataH bauddhoMkA yaha prazna ki donoM AkAra paraspara meM alaga-alaga pratibhAsita hote haiM yA ekameka hokara pratibhAsita hote haiM, vyartha hI hai / donoM AkAroMke 'ekameka' kA matalaba yadi 'eka AdhAra meM rahanA hai to hameM iSTa hai; kyoMki eka pratyabhijJAnameM donoM AkAra nirbAdharUpa se pratIta hote haiM / aura jo nirbAdha rUpase pratIta ho, usameM kutarka karane se koI lAbha nahIM hai / yadi isa taraha kutarka kiyA jAye to bauddhoMkA citrajJAna bhI nahIM siddha ho sakatA / ataH parasparameM virodhI do dharmokA AdhAra hone se pratyabhijJAnakA abhAva siddha karanA yukta nahIM hai / isI taraha kAraNakA abhAva honese pratyabhijJAnakA abhAva siddha karanA bhI anucita hai, kyoMki pratyakSa aura smaraNa pratyabhijJAna ke kAraNa haiM / zAyada kahA jAye ki pratyakSa aura smaraNakA to bhinna-bhinna viSaya hai tathA pratyakSakA AkAra 'yaha' hai aura smaraNakA AkAra 'vaha' hai taba ye donoM eka pratyabhijJAnake kAraNa kaise ho sakate haiM ? kintu yaha AzaMkA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki jo jisake honepara hI hotA hai aura nahIM honepara nahIM hotA, vaha usakA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| jaise bIjake honepara hI aMkura utpanna hotA hai aura bIjake abhAva meM aMkura nahIM hotA to bIjako aMkurakA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai / vaise hI darzana aura smaraNake honepara hI pratyabhijJAna utpanna hotA hai ataH darzana aura smaraNa usake kAraNa haiM / 199 aba raha jAtA hai prazna pratyabhijJAnake pramANa honekA / jo pratyabhijJAnako pramANa nahIM mAnate unase hamArA prazna hai ki ve use pramANa kyoM nahIM mAnate ? kyA usakA koI viSaya nahIM hai ? yA vaha gRhItagrAhI hai athavA vaha dUsare pramANa ke dvArA bAdhyamAna hai ? prathama pakSa ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki pUrva aura uttara paryAyoMmeM rahanevAlA eka dravya pratyabhijJAnakA viSaya hai / isake sivA pratyakSAdi pramANoMse jaba pratyabhijJAnakA svarUpa bhinna hai to usakA viSaya bhI bhinna honA hI cAhie / kyoMki jisakA jisase bhinna svarUpa hotA hai to usakA usase viSaya bhI vilakSaNa hotA hai / jaise pratyakSase smaraNakA svarUpa bhinna hai to viSaya bhI bhinna haiM, vaise hI pratyabhijJAnakA svarUpa anya jJAnoMse vilakSaNa hai / ataH usakA viSaya bhI judA hI hai / pratyakSakA viSaya vartamAna vastu hai aura smaraNakA viSaya .
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________________ 200 jaina nyAya atItakAlIna vastu hai kintu pratyabhijJAnakA viSaya atIta aura vartamAna kAlameM rahanevAlA dravya-vizeSa hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki sabhI artha pratisamaya kSaNika haiM ataH aisA koI dravya-vizeSa nahIM hai jo pratyabhijJAnakA viSaya ho| kintu aisA kahanA bhI asaMgata hai| kyoMki vicAra karanepara kSaNikatva siddha nahIM hotaa| ataH viSayake na honese pratyabhijJAnako apramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA aura na gRhItagrAhI honese hI use apramANa kahA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki pratyabhijJAnake viSayako anya koI pramANa grahaNa nahIM kara sktaa| isakA vizeSa isa prakAra hai---pratyakSa vartamAna vastukA grAhaka hai, ataH vaha atIta aura vartamAna paryAyameM rahanevAle ekatvako grahaNa karane meM asamartha hai| smaraNa kevala atIta paryAyako viSaya karatA hai ata: vaha bhI use grahaNa nahIM kara sktaa| ataH pratyabhijJAnake sivA anya koI pramANa aisA nahIM hai, jo atIta aura vartamAna paryAyameM rahanevAle ekatvako viSaya kara sake / bauddha--yadi pratyakSa aura smaraNa ekatvako viSaya karane meM asamartha haiM to ve donoM ekatvako viSaya karanevAle pratyabhijJAnako kaise utpanna kara dete haiM, kyoMki jo jisakA viSaya nahIM hotA vaha usake viSayameM jJAnako utpanna nahIM kara sakatA, jaise cakSu rasake viSayameM jJAna utpanna nahIM kara sktii| isI taraha ekatva bhI pratyakSa aura smaraNakA viSaya nahIM hai / jaina--ukta kathana ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki isase to bauddhamatameM hI dUSaNa AtA hai| bauddha nirvikalpaka pratyakSase savikalpaka pratyakSakI utpatti mAnatA hai aura nirvikalpaka pratyakSa sAmAnyako viSaya nahIM karatA phira bhI vaha usameM savikalpaka jJAnako utpanna kara detA hai / bauddha-yadyapi sAmAnya rUpa avastu nivikalpakakA viSaya nahIM hai phira bhI vikalpa vAsanAkI sahAyatAse nirvikalpaka usameM savikalpaka jJAnako utpanna kara detA hai| jaina-yaha yukti to hamAre pakSameM bhI samAna hai| pratyakSa bhI smaraNakI sahAyatAse ekatvameM pratyabhijJAnako utpanna kara detA hai| yadyapi ekatva pratyakSakA bhI viSaya hai, kintu vaha niyata vartamAna paryAyameM rahanevAle ekatvako hI viSaya karatA hai| parantu pratyabhijJAna atIta aura vartamAna paryAyameM rahanevAle ekatvako viSaya karatA hai / ataH pratyabhijJAnakA viSaya kathaMcit apUrva hai, isalie gRhItagrAhI honese use apramANa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yadi sarvathA apUrva arthako viSaya karanevAle jJAnako hI pramANa mAnA jAyegA to anumAna
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________________ parokSapramANa Adi bhI apramANa ho jAyeMge; kyoMki unakA viSaya bhI sarvathA apUrva nahIM hotA / kyoMki usakA koI athavA anumAna hai / 1 usakI pravRtti hI tathA bAdhyamAna honese bhI pratyabhijJAna apramANa nahIM hai; TET hI nahIM hai / yadi koI bAdhaka hai to vaha pratyakSa hai pratyakSa bAdhaka nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki pratyabhijJAnake viSaya meM nahIM hai / aura jo jisake viSayako nahIM jAnatA vaha usakA bAdhaka nahIM ho sakatA | jaise rUpajJAnakA rasajJAna bAdhaka nahIM hai / isI taraha anumAna bhI bAdhaka nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki pratyabhijJAnake viSaya meM anumAnakI bhI pravRtti nahIM hai / aura yadi pravRtti ho bhI to vaha usakA samarthaka hI hotA hai bAdhaka nahIM / bauddha-- nAkhUna kaTa jAnepara punaH bar3ha jAte haiM / ataH kaTanepara bar3he hue nAkhUnoM ko yadi koI pratyabhijJAnase jAna le ki 'ye vahI nAkhUna haiM' to usakA jJAna bAdhyamAna dekhA jAtA hai / taba pratyabhijJAna pramANa kaise hai ? jaina -- yadi kaTanepara punaH bar3he hue nakhoMmeM 'yaha vahI nakha haiM' yaha pratyabhijJAna bAdhita hotA hai to isase sacce pratyabhijJAnameM bAdhA kaise A sakatI hai ? yadi eka jagaha kisI jJAnake asatya siddha honepara saba jagaha usa jJAnako asatya mAnA jAyegA to sIpameM cAMdIkA jJAna bhrAnta hotA hai, isalie kyA cAMdI meM honevAlA cA~dIkA jJAna bhI bhrAnta mAnA jAyegA ? ata: ekatva pratyabhijJAnako na mAnanA yukta nahIM haiM / kyoMki sAdRzya / isI taraha sAdRzya pratyabhijJAnako na mAnanA bhI anucita hai, pratyabhijJAnake abhAva meM anumAna pramANa utpanna nahIM ho sakatA jisa manuSyane pahale dhUmasahita agniko dekhA hai usIko bAdameM pUrva dhUmake samAna dhUmake dekhane se agnikA anumAnajJAna hotA hai, anyako nahIM / aura binA pratyabhijJAnake 'yaha dhUma pahale dekhe hue dhUmake samAna hai' yaha jJAna nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki pahalekA pratyakSa vartamAna dhUmako nahIM jAna sakatA, aura abakA pratyakSa pahale dekhe hue dhUmako nahIM jAna sakatA / aura donoMko jAne binA donoMmeM rahanevAle sAdRzyako nahIM jAnA jA sakatA / ataH ekatva pratyabhijJAnakI taraha sAdRzya pratyabhijJAnako bhI mAnanA cAhie / manuSyane goko to dekhA, samAna gavaya hotA hai, vaha upamAna pramANavAdI mImAMsakakA pUrvapakSa - jisa kintu gavayako nahIM dekhA aura na yahI sunA ki gauke manuSya jaMgalameM ghUmate hue gavayako dekhatA hai / gavayako dekhaneke anantara use 'isake 'samAna gau hotI hai' isa prakArakA jo parokSa gaumeM sAdRzya jJAna hotA hai use 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 486 / pra0 ka0 mA0, pR0 347 1 26 201
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________________ jaina nyAya upamAna pramANa kahate haiM / yadi upamAna pramANako nahIM mAnA jAyegA to gavayake dekhane se dUravartI gomeM jo sAdRzyajJAna hotA hai vaha kaise hogA ? vaha upamAna pahale nahIM jAnI gayI vastukA hI jJAna karAtA hai isalie ise pramANa mAnanA cAhie / yadyapi usa manuSyane gauko pahale hI jAna liyA thA aura gavayako dekhate hI usameM rahanevAle sAdRzyako pratyakSase jAna liyA / kintu 'gavayake samAna go hai' isako pahale nahIM jAnA ataH upamAnakA viSaya apUrva hI hai / zAyada kahA jAye ki gavayake darzana kAlameM hI gaukA smaraNase aura sAdRzyakA pratyakSa se jJAna ho jAtA hai aura isake atirikta aura kucha jAnane ko nahIM hai ataH upamAna jAnI huI bAtako hI jAnatA hai ? kintu aisA kahanA bhI ayukta hai yadyapi pratyakSa se sAdRzyakA aura smRtise gaukA jJAna ho jAtA hai phira bhI sAdRzyaviziSTa gaukA jJAna na to smRtise hotA hai, na pratyakSase hotA hai aura na donoMse hotA hai / usako to upamAna hI jAnatA hai ata: upamAna agRhItagrAhI honese pramANa hai / anumAnako bhI to isIlie pramANa mAnA jAtA hai / yadyapi parvata Adi sthAnakA pratyakSa ho jAtA hai aura smRtise agnikA bodha ho jAtA hai, phira bhI agniviziSTa parvatakA jJAna to anumAnase hI hotA hai, ataH anumAna pramANa hai, isI taraha upamAnako bhI pramANa mAnanA cAhie / zAyada Apa kaheM ki upamAna pramANa bhale hI ho, kintu vaha eka svatantra pramANa nahIM hai / kintu aisA kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki upamAnakA antarbhAva pratyakSa Adi pramANoM meM nahIM ho sakatA / isakA vizeSa isa prakAra hai - upamAna pratyakSarUpa nahIM hai; kyoMki parokSa gaumeM indriya sambandha ke binA hI upamAna pramANa utpanna hotA hai / smaraNa rUpa bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki pratyakSase jAne hue padArthakA hI kAlAntara meM smaraNa huA karatA hai / ataH jisa samaya gaukA pratyakSa huA thA usa samaya gatrayakA pratyakSa na honese smaraNa gavayagata sAdRzyako nahIM jAna sakatA / ataH upamAna smaraNarUpa nahIM hai / upamAna anumAnarUpa bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki anumAna liMga ( hetu ) se utpanna hotA hai aura yaha liMgase utpanna nahIM hotA / tathA yaha zabda pramANa bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki jisane gauke samAna gavaya hotA hai, yaha vAkya nahIM sunA usa manuSyako upamAna jJAna hotA hai / yaha arthApatti pramANa bhI nahIM hai kyoMki arthApatti kisI aise dekhe hue athavA sune hue arthakI apekSA lekara hotI hai jisake binA vaisA ho sakanA zakya na ho / kintu upamAna meM kisI aise dRzya athavA zruta arthakI apekSA nahIM rahatI / aura abhAva pramANa to yaha ho hI kaise sakatA hai, kyoMki abhAva to vastuke abhAvako jAnatA hai aura upamAna sadbhAvako jAnatA hai / ata: upamAna eka svatantra pramANa hai / 202
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________________ 203 parokSapramANa upamAnakA sAdRzya pratyabhijJAnameM antarbhAva . uttarapakSa-jainoMkA kahanA hai ki mImAMsakane upamAnakA jo svarUpa batalAyA hai vahI ThaM ka nahIM hai, kyoMki usa prakArase pratIti hI nahIM hotii| jisa manuSyane yaha nahIM sunA ki 'gauke samAna gavaya hotA hai' jaMgala meM ghUmate hue yadi vaha gauke samAna kisI aise pazuko dekhatA hai jise usane pahale nahIM dekhA to usako yahI pratIti hotI hai ki 'yaha gauke samAna hI koI jAnavara hai| kintu 'isake samAna go hai' isa prakArakA jJAna yA vyavahAra kisIko bhI nahIM hotaa| aura yadi kisIko aisA jJAna ho bho to yaha pratyabhijJAnase judA pramANa nahIM hai / mImAMsaka-pratyabhijJAna anubhUta padArthameM hI hotA hai; kyoMki vaha pratyakSa aura smaraNase utpanna hotA hai| kintu sAmane vartamAna gavayameM rahanevAle sAdRzyake sAtha gaukA anubhava pahale kabhI nahIM huA; kyoMki gavayako binA jAne gavayagata sAdRzyase viziSTa goko kaise jAna sakatA hai| taba pratyabhijJAnako pravRtti isameM kaise ho sakatI hai ? jaina- isa tarahase to 'yaha vahI hai' ityAdi pratItiko bhI pratyabhijJAna nahIM kahA jA sakegA; kyoMki pahale jaba devadattako dekhA thA taba usako uttaraparyAyakA anubhava nahIM huA thaa| zAyada kahA jAye ki ekatva pratyabhijJAnameM yadyapi uttara paryAyakA pahale anubhava nahIM hotA kintu usa paryAya meM anusyUta jo devadatta nAmaka dravya hai usakA anubhava to pahale ho jAtA hai ataH pratyabhijJAna sambhava hai / to yaha bAta to sAdRzya pratyabhijJAnameM bhI sambhava hai / kyoMki yadyapi gavayakA pahale pratyakSa nahIM huA kintu sAdRzyakA pratyakSa to pahale hI ho gayA / mImAMsaka-jaba gavayakA pratyakSa nahIM huA to sAdRzyakA pratyakSa kaise ho sakatA hai ? jaina-sAdRzyakA pratyakSa kaba nahIM huA ? gauko dekhane ke samaya nahIM huA yA bAdameM nahIM haA ? yadi gauke pratyakSake samaya sAdRzyakI pratIti na honese use gaukA vizeSaNa nahIM mAnate ho to ekatva pratyabhijJAnameM pUrva paryAyako pratotike samaya uttara paryAyakI pratIti nahIM hoto ata: uttara paryAya devadattarUpa dravyakA vizeSaNa nahIM ho sktii| yadi bAdameM honevAle pratyakSase uttara paryAyako pratIti honepara bhI uttara paryAya devadattarUpa dravyakA vizeSaNa ho sakatI hai to gavayako jAnanevAle pratyakSase jAnA huA sAdRzya bhI pahale dekhI huI gaukA vizeSaNa ho sakatA hai| ataH jJAtA puruSa gavayako dekhakara pahale anubhUta gokA smaraNa karatA hai aura
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________________ 201 jaina nyAya phira gau aura gavayameM sAdRzyavyavahAra karake yaha saMkalana karatA hai ki isake samAna gau hai / aura jo saMkalanAtmaka jJAna hotA hai vaha pratyabhijJAna hI hai| mImAMsaka-yadi isa jJAnako pratyabhijJAna mAnate haiM to ise bhI smaraNa aura pratyakSa rUpa sAmagrIse utpanna honA caahie| kintu vaha sAmagrI upamAnameM nahIM hai, upamAna to gavayake pratyakSa rUpa sAmagrI mAtrase utpanna hotA hai / jaina-aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai, upamAna meM bhI pratyakSa aura smaraNarUpa sAmagrI mojUda hai| hama pUchate haiM ki gavayakA pratyakSa 'isake samAna gau hai' isa jJAnako smaraNakI sahAyatAse utpanna karatA hai athavA usakI sahAyatAke binA utpanna karatA hai ? yadi smaraNako sahAyatAke binA bhI gavaya pratyakSa 'isake samAna go hai' isa jJAnako utpanna karatA hai to jisa vyaktine gauko kabhI nahIM dekhA use bhI gavayake dekhanese yaha jJAna utpanna honA cAhie ki isake samAna gau hai| yadi smaraNako apekSAse ukta jJAna utpanna hotA hai to smaraNamAtrakI sahAyatAse utpanna hotA hai athavA gokA smaraNa honepara hI utpanna hotA hai ? yadi smaraNamAtra. ko sahAyatAse hI gavaya pratyakSa ukta jJAnako utpanna karatA hai to ganayako dekhate samaya ghor3ekA smaraNa A jAnese bhI 'isake samAna go hai' yaha jJAna utpanna ho jAnA caahie| yadi gaukA smaraNa honepara ho gavaya pratyakSa ukta jJAnako utpanna karatA hai to kevala goko smRti honese karatA hai yA sAdRzya viziSTa gaukA smaraNa honese karatA hai ? prathama pakSameM bhaiMsakA smaraNa honepara bhI gavaya pratyakSa ukta jJAnako utpanna kara degA kyoMki binA sAdRzya pratIti ke jaisI hI bhaiMsa vaisI ho gau| yadi gavayakI samAnatAse yukta gauke smaraNa kI apekSAse hI gavaya pratyakSa 'isake samAna gau hai' isa jJAnako utpanna karatA hai, to yaha siddha hotA hai ki sAdRzyakA pratyakSa pahale hI godarzana kAlameM ho jAtA hai, yadi aisA na ho to uttarakAlameM gavayagata sAdRzya se viziSTa gokA smaraNa nahIM ho sktaa| ataH smRti aura pratyakSako sahAyatAse utpanna honevAlA upamAna pratyabhijJAnase pRthak pramANa nahIM hai| upamAnapramANavAdI naiyAyikakA pUrvapakSa--naiyAyika bhI upamAna nAmakA eka svatantra pramANa mAnatA hai, kintu usake upamAnakA lakSaNa mImAMsakase bhinna hai / ataH usakA kahanA hai ki momAMsakakA upamAna pramANa pratyabhijJAna vagairahase bhale hI judA pramANa na ho, kintu naiyAyikoMne jo upamAna mAnA hai vaha to eka svatantra hI pramANa hai / usakA svarUpa isa prakAra hai-kisI manuSyane yaha sunA ki jaisI gau hotI hai vaisA hI gavaya hotA hai| usake pazcAt use jaMgala meM ghUmate hue gauke samAna eka pazu dikhAI diyaa| use dekhate ho use pahale sune hue vAkyakA smaraNa
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________________ parokSapramANa 205 ho aayaa| usase use yaha jJAna huA ki 'isa prANIkA nAma gavaya hai'| yaha jJAna pratyakSa Adi pramANoM kA phala nahIM hai; kyoMki pratyakSa to vanameM sthita gavayake AkAramAtrakA jJAna karAtA hai, anumAnameM anvaya, vyatireka Adi sAmagrIko AvazyakatA hotI hai jaba ki yaha usake binA hI hotA hai| Agama pramANakA bhI yaha phala nahIM hai; kyoMki vaha manuSya 'gauke samAna gavaya hotA hai kevala isa vAkyake smaraNase hI jaMgala meM sthita pazuko 'yaha gavaya nAmakA prANI hai' isa rUpameM nahIM jAnatA / kintu prasiddha gauke sAtha usakI samAnatA dekhakara jAnatA hai / aura gavayako dekhe binA 'yaha gavaya nAmakA prANI hai' isa prakAra gavaya saMjJA aura gavaya saMjJAvAle : prANIke sambandhakA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA ataH yaha jJAna upamAna pramANakA hI phala hai / upamAnake svarUpake viSaya meM yaha navya naiyAyikoMkA mata hai / vRddha naiyAyikoM kA mata kucha bhinna hai / ve upamAnakA svarUpa isa prakAra batalAte haiM - koI nAgarika puruSa gavayake svarUpase anabhijJa hai / vaha kisI jAnakAra vanavAsIse pUchatA hai ki 'gavaya kaisA hotA hai ?' vanavAsI kahatA hai ki 'jaisI go hotI hai vaisA hI gavaya hotA hai / yaha vAkya aprasiddha gavayakI prasiddha gauke sAtha samAnatA batalAte hue aprasiddha pazuko gavayazabda vAcya jJApita karatA hai / yaha upamAna pramANa hai / / ( uttarapakSa ) naiyAyikoM ke upamAnapramANakA sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna meM antarbhAvajainoM kA kahanA hai ki 'jo saMjJA aura saMjJIke sambandhako sAkSAt pratipattikA aMga hai use yadi upamAna pramANa mAnate haiM to mImAMsakoMke dvArA mAne gaye upamAna pramANase naiyAyikoM ke upamAna pramANa meM koI vizeSatA nahIM rahatI aura aisA hone se mImAMsakoMke upamAna pramANameM jo dUSaNa diye haiM ve saba naiyAyikoMke upamAna pramANa meM bhI Ate haiM / naiyAyikoM dvArA kalpita atrasiddha gavayapiNDa meM indriyoMse honevAlA prasiddha gopiNDake sAdRzyakA jJAna saMjJA-saMjJIke sambandhakI sAkSAt pratipattikA aMga nahIM ho sakatA / yadi vaha usakI pratipattikA aMga hai to akelA yA saMjJA-saMjJIke sambandhakI smRtikI sahAyatAkI apekSA lekara ? yadi akelA hI usakI pratipattikA aMga hai to jisane yaha nahIM sunA ki goke samAna gavaya hotA hai| kintu gauko dekhA hai aise nAgarikako bhI jaMgala meM gavayako dekhakara gauke sAdRzyakA jJAna yaha pratipatti karA degA ki yaha gavaya nAmakA prANI hai / zAyada kahA jAye ki 'gauke samAna gavaya hotA hai' isa vAkyake sunanekI sahAyatAse hI gauke sAdRzyakA 10 nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 467 //
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________________ jaina nyAya jJAna yaha pratipatti karA sakatA hai ki yaha gavaya nAmakA prANI hai, akelA nahIM karA sakatA ? to jisa manuSyane usa vAkyako sunA to, kintu bhUla gayA usa manuSyako bhI jagalameM gavaya dekhakara gauke sAdRzyakA jJAna yaha pratipatti karA degA ki yaha gavaya nAmakA prANI hai ? ina ApattiyoMke bhayase yadi Apa yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki 'goke samAna gavaya hotA hai' isa vAkyake smaraNakI sahAyatAse hI gauke sAdRzyakA jJAna yaha pratipatti karAtA hai ki 'yaha gavaya nAmakA prANI hai to 'pratyabhijJAnake prasAdase hI saMjJA-saMjJoke sambandhako sAkSAt pratipatti hotI haiM' yaha bAta Apane svIkAra kara lI; kyoMki gau aura gavayake sAdRzyakA parAmarza karake pratyabhijJAna hI saMjJA aura saMjJIke sambandhakI pratipattimeM kAraNa hotA hai| ataH 'gauke samAna gavaya hotA hai' isa vAkyake smaraNakI sahAyatAse hI gavayakA pratyakSa, pahale dekhI huI go aura vartamAna meM sAmane maujUda gavayameM samAnatAko viSaya karanevAle pratyabhijJAnako utpanna karatA hai| pratyabhijJAnake sivA anya koI jJAna gau aura gavayake sAdRzyako viSaya nahIM kara sakatA / gavayakA pratyakSa, athavA gokA smaraNa, athavA donoM ukta sAdRzyako viSaya nahIM kara sakate yaha mImAMsakake dvArA mAne gaye upamAna pramANakA vicAra karate samaya kaha Aye haiN| ataH gau aura gavayake sAdRzyako viSaya karanevAlA pratyabhijJAna hI yaha pratipatti karAtA hai ki yaha gavaya nAmakA prANo hai| isose jo saMjJA aura saMjJoke sambandhakI paramparayA pratipattimeM aMga hai vaha upamAna hai, aisA kathana bhI khaNDita huA samajhanA caahie| saMjJA aura saMjJIke sambandhako sAkSAt pratipatti karAnevAle pratyabhijJAnakA janaka honese gogata sAdRzya jJAna Adiko upacArase upamAna mAnane meM hameM koI Apatti nahIM hai| isIse vRddha naiyAyikoMne jo upamAna pramANakA lakSaNa kiyA hai ki go aura gavayakI samAnatA batalAnevAlA atideza vAkya hI upamAna pramANa hai, vaha bhI khaNDita huA samajhanA cAhie; kyoMki vAkyarUpa pramANa to Agama hI ho sakatA hai, upamAna nahIM ho sktaa| ataH go aura gavayake sAdRzyako viSaya karanevAlA pratyabhijJAna ho vAstavameM upamAna hai usake sivA anya koI upamAna pramANa nahIM hai| tathA yadi isa tarahake jJAnako upamAna pramANakA phala mAnA jAyegA to naiyAyika aura momAMsakako aneka pramANa mAnane pdd'eNge| jaise, kisI manuSyane sunA 'jo siMhAsanapara baiThA ho vaha rAjA hai|' yA 'jo dUdha aura pAnIko alaga-alaga kara de vaha haMsa hai' yA chaha parakA bhauMrA hotA hai, jisameM sAta-sAta patte hoM vaha
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________________ parokSapramANa 207 viSamacchada nAmakA vRkSa hai| aura ina vAkyoMkA saMskAra usake manameM baiTha gayA / usake pazcAt jaba vaha manuSya usa prakArake rAjA vagairahako dekhatA hai to use 'yaha rAjA hai' 'yaha bhauMrA hai' isa prakAra saMjJA aura saMjJIke sambandhako pratipatti hotI hai| yaha pratipatti upamAna to nahIM hai| kyoMki upamAna to prasiddha arthakI samAnatAko apekSA karatA hai| ukta udAharaNoMmeM prasiddha arthakI samAnatAkI koI apekSA nahIM hai / kintu ukta saba jJAna smRti aura pratyakSa kI sahAyatAse utpanna hote haiM aura jor3arUpa haiM ata: ina sabakA antarbhAva pratyabhijJAna meM ho jAtA hai| ataH upamAnake sthAnapara pratyabhijJAna pramANako svIkAra karanA hI zreyaskara hai| tarkapramANa jise jaina siddhAntameM 'cintA' kahA hai use hI dArzanika kSetrameM tarka kahate haiN| isakA eka nAma Uha bhI hai / vyAptike jJAnako tarka kahate haiM / aura sAdhya tathA sAdhanake avinAbhAvako vyApti kahate haiN| avinAbhAva eka niyama hai aura vaha niyama do prakArase vyavasthita hai| unameM eka prakArakA nAma hai tathopapatti aura dUsare prakArakA nAma hai anythaanupptti| ina donoM prakAroMko bhI 'avinAbhAva' kahate haiN| sAdhya honepara hI sAdhana hotA hai ise tathopapatti avinAbhAva kahate haiN| 'sAdhyake na honepara sAdhana nahIM hotA' ise anyathAnupapatti avinAbhAva kahate haiM / jaise, agnike honepara hI dhUma hotA hai aura agnike abhAvameM dhUma nahIM hotaa| yahAM agni sAdhya hai aura dhUma usakA sAdhana hai, kyoMki dhUmako dekhakara usase usa sthAnapara agniko siddha kiyA jAtA hai / jo siddha kiyA jAtA hai use sAdhya kahate haiM aura jisake dvArA siddha kiyA jAtA hai use sAdhana kahate haiN| bAra-bAra dhUmake honepara agnikA astitva dekhakara aura agnike abhAvameM dhamakA abhAva dekhakara dhUma aura agnike viSayameM avinAbhAva niyama banAyA jAtA hai ki jahAM-jahAM dhUma hotA hai vahA~-vahA~ agni hotI hai / aura jahA~ agni nahIM hotI vahAM dhUma bhI nahIM hotaa| isIkA nAma vyApti hai| zaMkA-'jahA~ agni nahIM hotI vahAM dhUma bhI nahIM hotA' yaha kaise jJAta hotA hai ? uttara-agnike abhAvameM dhUmako pratIti niyamase nahIM hotii| ataH agnike honepara hI dhUma hotA hai / yadi aisA na ho to jaise dhUmake abhAvameM bhI kahIM agni pAyI jAtI hai vaise hI agnike abhAvameM kahIM dhUma bhI pAyA jAnA caahie|
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________________ jaina nyAya 208 ataH jo jisake binA bhI pAyA jAtA hai vaha usase niyata nahIM hai / jaise dhUmake abhAva meM bhI pAyI jAnevAlI Aga dhUmase niyata nahIM hai / kintu dhUma agnike binA nahIM hotA ataH vaha agnise niyata hai / P zaMkA - agni ke abhAva meM dhUmakA niyamase abhAva hotA hai aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki jAdUgara ke ghar3ese binA agnike bhI dhUma nikalatA huA dekhA jAtA hai| uttara- aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai, jAdUgara ke ghar3e meM bhI agnike honepara hI dhUmakA sadbhAva sambhava hai| agnike binA dhuAM utpanna ho nahIM ho sakatA / taba jAdUgara ke ghar3e meM agnike abhAva meM dhUmake sadbhAva kI AzaMkA kaise kI jA sakatI hai ? zaMkA- taba jaise parvatavara dhuAM uThatA dekhakara vahA~ agniko jAnA jAtA hai ki parvatapara Aga hai; kyoMki dhuAM uTha rahA hai, vaise hI jAdUgara ke ghar3ese dhuAM nikalate dekhakara usa ghar3e meM agnikA sadbhAva kyoM nahIM siddha kiyA jAtA ? uttara - parvata ke dhue~se jAdUgarakA dhuA~ nirAlA hotA hai / parvatapara Aga jalane se uThA huA dhuAM ghanA aura dhvajAkI taraha laharAtA huA hotA hai, kintu jAdUgara ke ghar3ese nikalanevAlA dhuAM vaisA nahIM hotA / ataH usase vahA~ agnike hone kA anumAna nahIM kiyA jAtA / zaMkA- yadi agni aura dhUmakI vAstava meM vyApti hai to prathama hI dhUma aura agnikA darzana honepara vyAptikA grahaNa kyoM nahIM hotA ? uttara - usa samaya usakA grAhaka jJAna nahIM hai / jisa samaya jisakA grAhaka nahIM hotA usa samaya usakA pratibhAsa nahIM hotA / jaise rUpa darzanake samaya rasakA pratibhAsa nahIM hotA / isI taraha pragni aura dhUmake prathama darzanake samaya vyAptikA grAhaka jJAna nahIM hai isase usakA grahaNa nahIM hotA / zaMkA- agni aura dhUmake prathama darzana ke samaya vyAptikA grAhaka jJAna kyoM nahIM hai ? uttara - vyAptijJAna ke kAraNa do haiM- eka pratyakSa aura eka anupalambha | afort honepara dhUma honekA jJAna pratyakSa hai aura agnike abhAva meM ghUmake abhAva - kA jJAna anupalambha hai / dhUma aura agnike prathama darzanake samaya ye donoM kAraNa nahIM hote, isase usa samaya vyAptikA jJAna nahIM hotA / kintu vyAptikA jJAna na honese usa samaya dhUma aura agni meM vyAptikA abhAva nahIM hai; kyoMki yadi dhUma aura agnike prathama darzana ke samaya unameM vyApti na ho to dhUpa aura agnikA bAra-bAra upalambha aura anupalambha honepara vyAptikI pratIti kaise
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________________ parokSapramANa ho sakatI hai ? 'isIse parIkSAmukhameM kahA hai ki 'upalambha ( sAdhyake honepara hI sAdhanakA honA ) aura anupalambha ( sAdhyake abhAva meM sAdhanakA na honA ) ke nimittase honevAle vyAptijJAnako tarka kahate haiM / vyAptikA jJAna na to pratyakSase ho sakatA hai aura na anumAnase ho sakatA hai ataH tarka eka pRthak hI pramANa hai / 3 pratyakSa se hI vyAptikA jJAna mAnanevAle yogoMkA pUrvapakSa - naiyAyikoM kA kahanA hai ki sAdhya aura sAdhanake avinAbhAva kI pratIti pratyakSase hI ho jAtI hai / kyoMki prathama pratyakSameM bhI jo dhUmakI pratoti hotI hai vaha agnike sambandhIrUpase hI hotI hai / ataH dhUma aura agnike niyamako pratIti bhI tabhI ho jAtI hai / prathama pratyakSa ke samaya yaha dhUma kyA agnise utpanna huA hai athavA kisI dUsare kAraNa se utpanna huA hai' na to isa prakArakA saMzaya hotA hai aura 'yaha dhUma afree frna kisI dUsare kAraNase hI utpanna huA hai' na isa prakArakA viparyaya jJAna hotA hai / kintu 'agnikA hI yaha dhuA~ hai' isa prakAra agnike sambandhI ke rUpase hI dhUmakI pratIti hotI hai / isa prakAra prathama pratyakSameM vyAptikI pratIti ho jAnepara usake pazcAt jo agni aura dhUmakA bAra-bAra upalambha aura anupalambha hotA hai vaha usI jJAnako dRr3ha karatA hai / zAyada kahA jAye ki jaba prathama pratyakSame hI vyAptikI pratIti ho jAtI hai to usI samaya 'dhUma agnise niyata ( baddha ) hai' isa prakArakI vyAptikI pratIti kyoM nahIM ho jAtI ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki usa samaya aisI sAmagrI maujUda nahIM hai / vyAptikA ullekha to anusandhAnase hotA hai, anusandhAnakA tAtparya hai - eka bAra rasoIghara meM agnike honepara dhUma dekhA, pazcAt kisI dUsarI jagaha bhI vaisA hI dekhA / yaha anusandhAna bAra-bAra agnike sadbhAvameM dhUmakA sadbhAva aura agnike abhAva meM dhUmakA abhAva dekhanese hotA hai inameM se prathamako anvaya aura dUsareko vyatireka kahate haiM / sandehako dUra karane ke vyatirekakA darzana ucita hI hai / ataH bAra-bAra dhUma aura agnike vyatirekako dekhakara indriyoMse honevAlA vyAptijJAna pratyakSa hI hai / / lie anvaya aura anvaya aura uttarapakSa- - vyAptigrahaNake lie jainoMke dvArA tarkakI AvazyakatAkA samarthananaiyAyikoM kA kahanA hai ki pratyakSase hI avinAbhAvakI pratIti hotI hai to hama 209 1. 'upalambhAnupalammanimittaM vyAptijJAnamUhaH / 3-11 / 2. 'avikalpadhiyA liGga na kiMcit saMpratIyate / nAnumAnAdasiddhatvAt pramANAntaramAJjasam |' - laghIya0 3-11 / 3. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 428 / 27
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________________ 210 jaina nyAya unase pUchate haiM ki indriyajanya pratyakSase vyAptikA grahaNa hotA hai athavA mAnasa pratyakSase vyAptikA grahaNa hotA hai ? indriyajanya pratyakSase vyAptikA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki pratiniyata deza aura pratiniyata kAlameM sthita jisa padArthake sAtha indriyakA sambandha hotA hai use hI indriyapratyakSa jAnatA hai / vyApti to samasta deza aura samasta kAlavI arthako lekara hotI hai| ataH tInoM lokoMmeM rahanevAle atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna samasta padArthoMkA upasaMhAra karanese hI vyAptikA grahaNa ho sakatA hai, kyoMki vyAptikA artha hai vyApanA arthAt samasta vyApya vyaktiyoMko vyApya rUpase aura samasta vyApaka vyaktiyoMko vyApaka rUpase apane aMkameM lenaa| kintu samasta vyApya aura vyApaka vyaktiyoMke sAtha indriyakA sambandha sambhava nahIM hai aura na indriyoMmeM unakA grahaNa karanekI sAmarthya hI hai| indriya to vartamAna niyata arthako hI grahaNa kara sakatI hai| taba pratyakSase vyAptikA jJAna kaise ho sakatA hai ? naiyAyikoMkA yaha kahanA bhI ki-'prathama pratyakSake samaya hI agnike sambandhIke rUpameM dhamakI pratIti hotI hai ataH dhUma aura agnike niyamakA pratibhAsa bhI usI samaya ho jAtA hai, ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki rasoIgharameM dhUmakA prathama pratyakSa honepara dhamakI pratIti rasoIgharake andara sthita niyata agnike sambandhIke rUpameM hotI hai athavA saba agniyoMke sambandhIke rUpameM hotI hai ? arthAt 'yaha dhUma isa agnikA hai' aisI pratIti hotI hai yA sarvatra dhUma ke honepara agni hotI hai aisI pratIti hotI hai ? prathama pakSameM prathama pratyakSake samaya vyAptikI pratipatti kaise ho sakatI hai; kyoMki vyApti to sarvopasaMhAravatI hotI hai pratiniyata vyaktimeM vyApti nahIM huA krtii| dUsare pakSameM eka pratyakSakI to bAta hI kyA, saikar3oM pratyakSoMse bhI vyAptiko nahIM jAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki pratyakSa sambaddha aura vartamAna arthako hI viSaya karatA hai| ataH vaha jo koI bhI dhUma hai vaha saba agnike honepara hI hotA hai' isa taraha sabako upasaMhAra karake avinAbhAva niyamako jAnane meM asamartha hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki anvaya aura vyatirekakI sahAyatAse pratyakSa vyAptiko jAna legaa| kintu aisA kahanA bhI galata hai; kyoMki hajAroM bAra anvaya aura vyatirekakI sahAyatA honepara bhI jisa viSaya meM pratyakSameM pratyakSako pravRtti hotI hai vahIM para vaha vyaktiko jAna sakatA hai na ki 'jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hotA hai vahA~-vahA~ agni hotI hai aura jahA~ agni nahIM hotI vahAM dhUma bhI nahIM hotA' isa prakAra sarvopasaMhAra rUpase vyAptiko jAna sakatA hai| aura jisa viSayameM pratyakSakI pravRtti hotI hai kevala vahIMke dhUma aura agnikI vyAptiko jAnanA vyartha hai; kyoMki dhyAptikI
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________________ parokSapramANa 211 AvazyakatA anumAnake lie hotI hai, kintu jaba sAdhya aura sAdhanako pratyakSa se hI jAna liyA taba anumAna kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rahatI / tathA naiyAyikane jo yaha kahA hai ki 'vyAptikA ullekha anusaMndhAnase hotA hai' so usakA yaha kahanA ThIka hai, kyoMki jainadarzana upalambha aura anupalambhase honevAle jJAnako hI vyAptikI pratipatti karAne meM samartha mAnatA hai / kintu vaha jJAna pratyakSa rUpa nahIM hai, usako utpAdaka sAmagrI aura viSaya pratyakSase bhinna hI hai / pratyakSa to indriya Adi sAmagrose utpanna hotA hai aura indriyase sambaddha vartamAna arthako viSaya karatA hai, yaha bAta prasiddha hai / kintu tarka nAmakA vaha jJAna vaisA nahIM hai taba use pratyakSa rUpa kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? zaMkA- yadi tarkajJAna pratyakSa rUpa nahIM hai to vaha indriyoMkI apekSA kyoM karatA hai ? uttara - vyAptijJAna ke kAraNa haiM - pratyakSa aura anupalambha | aura pratyakSa tathA anupalambha meM indriya kAraNa hai / ataH indriya tarkake kAraNakI kAraNa hai / isalie tarka meM indriyoMko apekSA hotI hai / ataH indriyajanya pratyakSa vyAptiko jAnane meM samartha nahIM hai / mAnasa pratyakSa bhI vyAptiko nahIM jAna sakatA; kyoMki bAhya indrakI sahAyatA ke binA bAhya padArthoMmeM manakI pravRtti nahIM hotI / aura vyApti bAhya padArthoM kA dharma honese bAhya padArtha hai / isake sivA nyAyadarzana meM manako aNurUpa mAnA hai / ataH aNurUpa manakA eka sAtha samasta padArthoMke sAtha sambandha nahIM ho sakatA / vaha vyAptiko kaise jAna sakatA hai ? ataH indriyajanya pratyakSa aura mAnasapratyakSa vyAptiko nahIM jAna sakate / isI taraha yogipratyakSa bhI vyAptiko nahIM jAna sakatA; kyoMki vaha vicAraka nahIM hai, ata: 'jitanA bhI dhUma hai vaha saba agnise hI utpanna hotA hai, binA agnike nahIM hotA' isa tarahakA vicAra vaha nahIM kara sakatA / ataH kisI bhI pratyakSase sAdhya aura sAdhanako vyAptiko nahIM jAnA jA sakatA / ataH vyAptike grAhaka tarkako eka pRthak pramANa mAnanA Avazyaka hai / usake vinA vyAptikA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA aura vyAptikA grahaNa hue binA anumAna pramANa nahIM bana sakatA / ataH jaise anumAna ke binA sAdhyako siddhi nahIM hotI isalie apane-apane abhISTa tavakI siddhike lie anumAna Avazyaka hai vaise hI sAdhya aura sAdhanakI vyAptike siddha hue vinA anumAna nahIM bana sakatA / ataH anumAnakI siddhike lie vyAptiko siddhi Avazyaka hai ataH usake lie tarka nAmakA pRthak pramANa mAnanA cAhie /
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________________ 212 jaina nyAya anumAna pramANa sAdhanase sAdhyake jJAnako anumAna pramANa kahate haiM / sAdhanako liMga aura sAdhyako liMgI bhI kahate haiM / ataH aisA bhI kaha sakate haiM ki liMgase liMgIke jJAnako anumAna kahate haiM / liMga arthAt cihna aura liMgI arthAt usa cihnvaalaa| jaise dhUmase agniko jAna lenA anumAna hai| yahA~ dhUma sAdhana athavA liMga hai aura agni sAdhya athavA liMgI hai| agnikA cihna dhUma hai| kahIM dhuAM uThatA huA dikhAI de to grAmINa loga taka dhue~ko dekhakara yaha anumAna kara lete haiM ki vahA~ Aga jala rahI hai| kyoMki binA Agake dhuAM nahIM uTha sakatA / ataH aise kisI avinAbhAvI cihnako dekhakara usa cihnavAleko jAna lenA anumAna hai / sAdhana athavA liMga aisA honA cAhie jo sAdhya athavA liMgIkA avinA. bhAvI rUpase sunizcita ho / arthAt sAdhyake honepara ho ho aura sAdhyake na honepara na ho| aisA sAdhana hI sAdhyako ThIka pratIti karAtA hai / akalaMkadevane sAdhana athavA liMgako 'sAdhyAvinAbhAvAbhinibodhaikalakSaNa' kahA hai| arthAt sAdhyake sAtha sunizvita avinAbhAva hI sAdhanakA pradhAna lakSaNa hai / isoko saMkSepameM 'anyathAnu papatti' bhI kahate haiN| 'anyathA' yAnI sAdhyake abhAvameM sAdhanakI 'atu. papatti-abhAvako anyathAnupapatti kahate haiM / ata: jo sAdhyake abhAvameM na rahatA ho aura sAdhyake sadbhAva meM hI rahatA ho vahI sAdhana saccA sAdhana hai| sAdhanako hetu bhI kahate haiM / hetuke lakSaNake viSayameM bauddhakA pUrvapakSa-bauddha kA kahanA hai ki hetukA jo lakSaNa 'sAdhyAvinA bhAva' kahA hai vaha Thoka nahIM hai, hetukA eka lakSaNa nahIM hai, kintu usake tIna lakSaNa hai / ve tIna lakSaNa haiM-1 pakSadharmatva, 2 sapakSasattva aura 3 vipakSa asattva / arthAt hetuko pakSakA dharma honA cAhie, sapakSameM rahanA cAhie aura vipakSameM nahIM ho rahanA caahie| jisameM ye tInoM lakSaNa pAye jAte hai, vahI hetu samyak hetu hai / jaise, isa parvatameM Aga hai; kyoMki yaha dhUmavAlA hai| jahAM-jahAM dhUma hotA hai vahA~-vahA~ Aga avazya hotI hai, jaise rsoiighr| aura jahA~ Aga nahIM hotI vahA~ dhUma bhI nahIM hotA, jaise tAlAba / isa anumAnameM 'parvata' pakSa hai, Aga sAdhya hai, 'dhUmavAlA' hetu hai, rasoIghara sapakSa hai aura 1. 'sAdhanAt sAdhyavizAnamanumAnam ' 3-14 / -parIkSAmu0 / 2. 'liGgAt sAdhyAvinAbhAvAbhinibodhaikalakSaNAt / liGgidhIranumAnaM...'-laghIya0 3-12 / 3. 'manyathAnupapattyekalakSaNaM linggmbhyte|' -pramANapa0 pR0 72 4. nyA0 ku0 ca0 pR0 438 /
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________________ parokSapramANa 213 tAlAba vipakSa hai / jahA~ sAdhyako siddhi kI jAtI hai use pakSa kahate haiM / jaise Uparake anumAnameM parvatameM Aga siddha karanA hai ata: parvata pakSa hai / jahA~ sAdhanake sadbhAvameM sAdhyakA sadbhAva dikhAyA jAye use sapakSa kahate haiM jaise rsoiighr| aura jahA~ sAdhyake abhAvameM sAdhanakA bhI abhAva dikhAyA jAye, use vipakSa kahate haiM jaise tAlAba / Uparake anumAnameM dhUmavattva hetu parvatarUpameM rahatA hai, sapakSa rasoIgharameM bhI rahatA hai kintu vipakSa tAlAbameM nahIM rhtaa| ataH vaha nirdoSa hetu hai / hetuke pakSa meM rahanese asiddhatA nAmakA doSa nahIM rahatA, sapakSameM rahanese viruddhatA nAmakA doSa nahIM rahatA aura vipakSameM nahIM rahanese anaikAntika nAmakA doSa nahIM rhtaa| yadi hetu pakSameM na rahe to asiddhatA doSa dUra nahIM ho sakatA, yadi hetu sapakSameM na rahe to viruddhatA doSa dUra nahIM ho sakatA aura yadi hetu vipakSa meM bhI rahatA ho to anekAntika doSa dUra nahIM ho sakatA / ataH trairUNya hI hetu kA lakSaNa hai| uttarapakSa-janoMkA kahanA hai ki hetukA lakSaNa pakSadharmatva Adi trairUpya nahIM hai; kyoki trairUpya to sadoSa hetuoMmeM bhI pAyA jAtA hai / aura jaise agnikA 'sattva' lakSaNa Thoka nahIM hai; kyoMki sat to pratyeka padArtha hotA hai| isI taraha pakSadharmatva Adi trairUpya hetvAbhAsa ( sadoSa hetu ) meM bhI raha jAtA hai, ata: vaha hetukA lakSaNa nahIM ho sktaa| isakA vizeSa isa prakAra hai kisIne kahA-'maitrakI patnI ke garbha meM jo bAlaka hai, vaha kAlA hai; kyoMki vaha maitrakA putra hai, jaise maitrake anya putra / ' isa anumAnameM vaha 'maitrakA putra hai' yaha hetu hai / maitrakA garbhastha bAlaka pakSa hai; kyoMki usoko 'kAlA' siddha karanA hai| usa garbhastha bAlaka meM 'maitrakA putratva' rUpa hetu rahatA hI hai; kyoMki vaha maitrakA putra hai / sapakSa haiM usake anya bhAI, cUMki ve bhI maitrake putra hai, ata: unameM bhI maitratanayatva hetu rahatA hI hai| vipakSa hai maitrake sivA kisI dUsare vyaktikA gaurAMga bAlaka / cUMki vaha maitrakA putra nahIM hai isalie usameM 'maitraputratva' rUpa hetU nahIM rhtaa| isa taraha trairUpyake hote hue bhI yaha hetu samyak hetu nahIM hai; kyoMki jo-jo maitrakA lar3akA ho vaha kAlA hI ho aisI koI vyApti nahIM hai, vaha gauravarNa bho ho sakatA hai / bauddha-hetukA lakSaNa kevala trairUpya nahIM hai, kintu avinAbhAvase viziSTa trairUpya ho hetukA lakSaNa hai| vaha lakSaNa 'maitraputratva' rUpa sadoSa hetumeM nahIM pAyA jaataa| jaina-taba to trairUpyako kalpanA vyartha ho jAtI hai; kyoMki trairUpyake binA
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________________ jaina nyAya bhI avinAbhAva rUpa niyamake honese hI hetu apane sAdhyakI siddhimeM samartha siddha hotA hai / jaise, 'rohiNI nakSatrakA udaya hogA, kyoMki kRttikA nakSatrakA udaya ho cukA hai' isa anumAna meM pakSadharmatA nahIM hai; kyoMki yahA~ rohiNI nakSatra pakSa hai aura usakA bhaviSya meM udaya honA sAdhya hai tathA 'kRttikAkA udaya' hetu hai / 'kRttikAkA udaya' hetu rohiNIpakSa meM nahIM rahatA; kyoMki kRttikA - kA udaya kRttikAkA dharma hai na ki rohiNIkA / ataH yahA~ pakSadharmatA sambhava nahIM hai, phira bhI vaha hetu sAdhyakI siddhi karatA hai / 214 - isa anumAnako hama isa prakAra kaheMge - 'AkAza meM zakaTa (rohiNI) kA udaya hogA; kyoMki vaha kRttikAke udayase yukta hai' aisA kahane se isameM pakSadharmatA bana jAtI hai / bauddha -- jaina- - isa taraha se to sabhI hetu pakSadharmatAvAle ho sakate haiM / aura 'jagat' ko pakSa banAkara makAnako sapheda siddha karaneke lie, koveke kAlepanako bhI hetu banAkara usameM pakSadharmatAkI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai / jaise, yaha jagat sapheda makAnavAlA hai kyoMki isameM kAle kauve pAye jAte haiM / athavA yaha jagat samudra meM Agako liye hue hai kyoMki isameM dhue~vAle rasoIghara haiM / ataH pakSadharmatAke honese hI hetu apane sAdhyako siddha karane meM samartha nahIM hotA / isalie pakSadharmatA hetukA lakSaNa nahIM hai / isI taraha sapakSasattva bhI hetukA lakSaNa nahIM hai; jo sapakSa meM nahIM rahate, phira bhI sAdhyako siddhi karanemeM anitya hai; kyoMki sunAI detA hai' 'saba jagat kSaNika hai; kyoMki sat hai / ' ina donoM anumAnoM meM koI sapakSa nahIM hai; kyoMki prathama meM zabdamAtrako pakSa banAyA hai, zabdake sivA anya koI vastu aisI nahIM hai jo sunAI detI ho, ataH 'sunAI denA' rUpa hetu sapakSa meM nahIM rahatA / isI taraha jaba samasta jagatko pakSa banA liyA to kucha zeSa bacA hI nahIM jise sapakSa banAyA jA sake / ataH 'sat' hetu bhI sapakSa meM nahIM rahatA / phira bhI ye donoM hetu gamaka haiM-- apane sAdhyako siddha karate haiM / zAyada kaheM ki 'ye donoM hetu vipakSa meM nahIM rahate ataH sAdhyake sAtha avinAbhAva niyamase baddha honeke kAraNa hI gamaka hote haiM' to usIko hetukA pradhAna lakSaNa mAnanA cAhie / ataH pakSadharmatA aura sapakSasattva hetuke lakSaNa nahIM haiM / kintu vipakSa meM hetuke asattvakA nizcaya ho hetukA mukhya lakSaNa hai / use hI anyathAnupapatti kahate haiM / anyathAnupapatti niyamake honese hI hetumeM asiddhatA Adi doSa nahIM rahate / kyoMki aise bahuta-se hetu haiM samartha haiM / jaise, 'zabda
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________________ parokSapramANa 215 jo hetu asiddha hai, yA viruddha hai, yA anaikAntika hai usakA apane sAdhyake sAtha anyathAnupapatti niyama nahIM hotaa| 'anyathA' arthAt sAdhyake abhAvameM hetukI 'anupapatti' arthAt abhAvakA nAma anyathAnupapatti hai| nizcita anyathAnupapatti hI hetukA lakSaNa hai ataH bauddhakalpita trairUpya hetuke lakSaNa nahIM hai| isIse AcArya pAtrakesarIne apane 'trilakSaNakadarthana' nAmaka granthameM ucita hI kahA thA''jahA~ anyathAnupapatti hai vahA~ trirUpatAse kyA prayojana hai / aura jahAM anyathAnupapatti nahIM hai vahAM trirUpatA honese bhI kyA prayojana hai|' arthAt usakA honA yA nahIM honA donoM samAna haiN| __ hetuke yogakalpita pAMcarUpya lakSaNakI AlocanA-yaugoMne bauddhoMke trairUpyakI taraha pAMcarUpyako hetukA lakSaNa mAnA hai| kintu yaha lakSaNa bhI ThIka nahIM hai| hetuke ina pAMca lakSaNoMmeM se pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva Adi tIna lakSaNoMkA to pahale hI khaNDana kara Aye haiM zeSa do rahate hai-eka abAdhita viSayatva aura eka asatpratipakSatva / kintu anyathAnupapatti athavA sAdhyAvinAbhAva niyamake binA na to hetu abAdhita viSaya hotA hai aura na asatpratipakSa hotA hai| 'abAdhita viSayakA artha hai-hetukA sAdhya kisI pramANase bAdhita na ho|' jaise, agni ThaNDI hotI hai, kyoMki dravya hai, jaise jala / isa anumAnameM agnikA ThaNDApana sAdhya hai, kintu yaha sAdhya pratyakSa pramANase bAdhita hai kyoMki pratyakSase agni uSNa siddha hai / ataH yaha bAdhita viSaya hai; kyoMki 'jo-jo dravya ho vaha vaha ThaNDA ho' aisA koI avinAbhAva niyama nahIM hai; dravya ThaNDe bhI hote haiM aura garama bhI hote haiN| ataH avinAbhAvake abhAvake binA koI hetu bAdhitaviSaya nahIM ho sktaa| bAdhitaviSaya aura avinAbhAvakA parasparameM virodha hai| sAdhyake sadbhAvameM ho hetukA pakSameM rahanA avinAbhAva hai| aura sAdhyake abhAvameM hetukA rahanA 'bAdhitaviSaya' hai| asatpratipakSakA artha hai-jisakA koI pratipakSa na ho| jaise kisIne kahA-yaha jagat kisI buddhimAnkA banAyA haA hai; kyoMki kArya hai| dUsarene kahA-yaha jagat kisIkA banAyA huA nahIM hai; kyoMki usakA koI kartA nahIM hai / yaha satpratipakSa hai / aba yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya hai ki asatpratipakSatAse tulya balavAle pratipakSakA niSedha iSTa hai athavA atulya balavAle pratipakSakA niSedha iSTa hai ? yadi pakSa aura pratipakSa donoM samAna 1. 'anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim / nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim / ' isa aitihAsika kArikAkA rocaka vivaraNa jAnaneke lie nyAyakumuda candra ke prathama bhAgakI prastAvanAkA pR0 73 dekheN| 2. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 442 /
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________________ 216 jaina nyAya balavAle hoM to unameM bAdhya-bAdhakabhAva nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki jo samAna balavAle hote haiM unameM bAdhya-bAdhaka bhAva nahIM hotA, jaise samAna balazAlI do raajaaoNmeN| yadi pakSa aura pratipakSa atulya balavAle haiM to unake atulya bala honekA kAraNa kyA hai--ekameM pakSadharmatA vagairahakA honA aura ekameM unakA na honA athavA anumAnabAdhA ? prathama pakSa ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki pakSadharmatA Adi donoM anumAnoMmeM pAyI jAtI hai| jaise, ekane kahA-'yaha manuSya mUrkha hai; kyoMki amukakA putra hai| dUsarene kahA-yaha manuSya mUrkha nahIM hai; kyoMki zAstrakA vyAkhyAna karatA hai / ' ina donoM anumAnoMmeM pakSadharmatA Adi pAyI jAtI hai / dUsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki jaba donoM anumAnoMmeM pakSadharmatA Adi pAyI jAtI hai to unameM se eka bAdhita aura eka bAdhaka nahIM ho sakatA, anyathA donoMmeM se koI bhI bAdhya aura koI bhI bAdhaka ho jAyegA tathA anyonyAzraya nAmakA doSa bhI AtA hai kyoMki jaba donoM anumAna atulyabala siddha hoM to anumAnabAdhA Aye aura jaba anumAnabAdhA ho to atulyabalatva siddha ho| ataH hetukA lakSaNa avinAbhAva niyama nizcaya hI mAnanA caahie| UparakI carcAkA niSkarSa yaha hai ki jainadarzana meM hetukA eka rUpa hI mAnA hai-avinAbhAva niyama / usakA kahanA hai ki jaba tIna athavA pA~ca rUpoMke nahIM honepara bhI kucha hetu gamaka ho sakate haiM to avinAbhAva niyamako hI hetukA lakSaNa mAnanA cAhie, tIna yA pAMca rUpa to avinAbhAvakA hI vistAra hai| - avinAmAvake bheda-avinAbhAva niyamake do bheda hai-eka sahabhAva niyama aura eka kramabhAva niyama / sahacAriyoMmeM aura vyApya-vyApakameM sahabhAva niyama nAmaka avinAbhAva hotA hai| jaise rUpa aura rasa sahacArI haiM; kyoMki rUpa rasake binA nahIM rahatA aura rasa rUpake binA nahIM rahatA, donoM sAtha-hI-sAtha rahate haiM ata: ina donoMmeM sahabhAva nAmaka avinAbhAva hai / tathA vRkSatva aura AmratvameM-se vRkSapana vyApaka hai aura Amrapana vyApya hai; kyoMki vRkSapana to sabhI prakArake vRkSoMmeM rahatA hai kintu Amrapana kevala Amake vRkSoMmeM ho rahatA hai| ye donoM bhI sahacArI haiM; kyoMki jisameM Amrapana rahatA hai usameM vRkSapana avazya rahatA hai| / pUrvottaracAriyoMmeM ( sadA Age-pIche rahanevAloMmeM ) aura kArya-kAraNameM kramabhAva niyama hotA hai / jaise kRttikA nakSatrake pazcAt hI rohiNI nakSatrakA udaya hotA hai / ataH ye donoM pUrvottaracArI haiN| tathA dhUma aura agni meM se dhama kArya hai aura agni kAraNa hai / kAraNa pahale hotA hai aura kArya bAdako hotA hai / ataH inameM kramabhAva niyama nAmakA avinAbhAva hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki jo sAtha-sAtha rahate haiM unameM sahabhAva niyama hotA hai aura jo kramase hote haiM unameM kramabhAva
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________________ rokSapramANa 217 niyama hotA hai| isa taraha avinAbhAvake do bheda haiN| hetuke bheda-jainadarzanameM hetuke bahuta-se prakAra batalAye haiN| saMkSepase hetuke do bheda hai--eka upalabdhi rUpa ( bhAvarUpa ) aura eka anupalabdhi rUpa ( abhaavruup)| donoM meM se pratyekake chaha-chaha bheda haiM-kArya, kAraNa, vyApya, pUrvacara, uttaracara, shcr| ye chaha upalabdhi rUpa hetuke bheda haiN| 1. kAyahetu--jaise, vahA~ Aga hai kyoMki dhUma hai / yahA~ dhUma hetu agnikA kArya hai| 2. kAraNahetu--jaise, vahA~ chAyA hai; pyoMki chAtA tanA huA hai| yahA~ 'chAtA' hetu chAyAkA kAraNa hai| 3. vyApyahetu--jaise saba anekAntAtmaka hai kyoMki sat haiN| yahA~ sat hetu anekAntAtmaka rUpa sAdhyakA vyApya hai| 4. pUrvacara--zakaTa (rohiNI ) nakSatrakA udaya hogA kyoMki kRttikAkA udaya ho cukA / yahA~ kRttikAkA udaya zakaTake udayakA pUrvacara hai / 5. uttaracara--jaise, bharaNIkA udaya ho cukA; kyoMki kRttikAkA udaya ho rahA hai| yahA~ kRttikAkA udaya, bharaNInakSatrake udayakA uttaravartI hai| 6. sahacara hetujaise, isa AmameM rUpa haiM; kyoMki rasa hai / yahA~ rasa hetu rUpa sAdhyakA sahacArI hai| anupalabdhi rUpa hetuke chaha bheda isa prakAra haiM-kAryAnupalabdhi, kAraNAnupalabdhi, vyApakAnupalabdhi, pUrvacarAnupalabdhi, uttaracarAnupalabdhi aura sahacarAnupalabdhi / 1. kAryAnupalabdhi-jaise, isa murde zarIrameM jAna nahIM hai; kyoMki halana-calana Adi nahIM pAyA jaataa| yahA~ jIvanakA kArya halana calana AdikI anupalabdhirUpa hetuse jIvanakA abhAva siddha kiyA gayA hai| 2. kAraNAnupalabdhi-yahA~ dhUma nahIM hai, kyoMki Aga nahIM hai| dhamakA kAraNa agni hai| agnikI anupalabdhi rUpa hetuse dhUmakA abhAva siddha kiyA gayA hai| 3. vyApakAnupalabdhi-yahAM zizapA nahIM hai, kyoMki vRkSa nahIM haiM / zizapA vyApya hai aura vRkSa vyApaka hai ataH vyApaka vRkSake abhAvameM vyApya zizapAkA bhI abhAva hotA hai / 4. pUrvacarAnupalabdhi-eka muhUrta meM zakaTakA udaya nahIM hogA; kyoMki kRttikAkA udaya nahIM huaa| 5. uttaracarAnupalabdhi-bharaNIkA udaya abhI nahIM huA; kyoMki kRttikAkA udaya nahIM huaa| kRttikAkA udaya zakaTa se eka muhUrta pahale hotA hai aura bharaNIke udayase eka muharttavAda hotA hai| ata: kRttikA zakaTakA pUrvacara hai aura bharaNI. kA uttaracara hai| donoMmeM usakI anupalabdhi hai / 6. sahacarAnupalabdhi-isa tarAjUkA eka palar3A U~cA nahIM hai; kyoMki dUsarA palar3A nocA nahIM hai| tarAjake palar3oMmeM UMcA-nIcApanA eka sAtha rahatA hai / ataH ekake abhAvameM dUsarekA abhAva siddha kiyA gayA hai| 1. hetuke prakAra dekhaneke lie parIkSAmukhake adhyAya tInake sUtra 57-63 dekhane caahie| 28 For Private & Petsonal Use Only
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________________ 218 jaina nyAya hetuke bhedoMke viSayameM bauddhakA pUrva pakSa-bauddhoM kA kahanA hai ki avinAbhAvake balase hI hetu apane sAdhyako siddhi karane meM samartha hotA hai, yaha to ThIka hai, kintu avinAbhAva niyama unhIM meM hotA hai, jinameM yA to tAdAtmya sambandha hotA hai yA tadutpatti sambandha hotA hai| ataH hetuke do ho bheda hai-eka kArya hetu aura eka svabhAva hetu / tAdAtmyase svabhAvahetukA avinAbhAva hotA hai; tadutpattise kAryahetukA avinAbhAva hotA hai| kArya aura svabhAvake sivA anya koI hetu nahIM hai| anupalabdhikA antarbhAva bhI svabhAva hetumeM hI ho jAtA hai; kyoMki ghaTa vagairahakA abhAva, ghaTa Adise zUnya bhUtala Adi svabhAvarUpa ho hai, ataH ghaTarahita bhUtala Adi svabhAvakI upalabdhi hI ghaTakI anupalabdhi hai| Azaya yaha hai ki pRthvIpara ghar3A honese pRthvI aura ghar3ekA grahaNa eka jJAnase hotA hai kintu yadi pratyakSase kevala pRthvI hI gocara ho aura ghar3A dikhAI na de to ghar3ekA grahaNa na honA hI usake abhAvakA grahaNa honA hai, kyoMki yadi jamInapara ghar3A hotA to jamInake sAtha hI ghar3ekA bhI grahaNa honA cAhie thaa| ataH abhAva bhAvAntara svarUpa hI hai| isIse anupalabdhirUpa hetukA antarbhAva bhI svabhAva hetumeM ho jAne se hetuke do hI bheda hai / tathA 'avinAbhAvakA grahaNa tarkajJAnase hotA hai' yaha bhI ThIka nahIM haiM; kyoMki kAryahetuke avinAbhAvakI pratIti pratyakSa aura anupalambhake pAMca bAra honese ho jAtI hai| vizeSa isa prakAra hai-pahale kisI sthAnapara agni aura dhUma donoMko hI nahIM dekhaa| yaha eka anupalambha huA / pIche kahIM agniko dekhA usake bAda dhUmako dekhaa| ye do upalambha hue| phira agniko nahIM dekhA to dhUmako bhI nahIM dekhaa| ye do anupalambha hue| isa taraha pA~ca bAra pratyakSa aura anupalambhake honese eka hI vyaktimeM kAryakAraNa bhAvakA jJAna ho jAtA hai ki agnikA kArya dhUma hai| aura jo usakA kArya hai vaha apane kAraNase niyata hai| yadi kArya apane kAraNase niyata na ho to kAraNakI apekSA na karanese kArya yA to sadA sat hI hogA yA sadA asat hI hogaa| tathA, jo niyata hotA hai usakA koI niyAmaka avazya hotA hai / niyAmakake abhAvameM svatantra ho jAnese kAryake nitya sat honekA athavA nitya asat honekA punaH prasaMga upasthita hogaa| ata: yaha niSkarSa nikalA-jo eka bAra bhI jisase utpanna hotA haA dekhA gayA hai vaha usIse utpanna hotA hai, anyase utpanna nahIM hotaa| yadi jo jisakA kAraNa nahIM hai vaha usase bhI utpanna hone lage to sabase sabakI utpatti hone lgegii| isa taraha pratyakSa aura anupalambhase kAryahetukI sArvadezika 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 444 / /
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________________ parokSapramANa vyApti pratIta hotI hai| tathA svabhAvahetukI vyApti vipakSameM bAdhaka pramANake hone. se pratIta hotI hai, jaise satvakI kSaNikatvake sAtha vyAptikI pratIti hotI hai / isakA vizeSa isa prakAra hai-sattvakA lakSaNa arthakriyAkAritva hai; arthAt jo kucha kAma karatA hai vaha sat hai| arthakriyA yA to kramase hotI hai yA yugapat hoto hai / ataH kramayogapadya vyApaka haiM aura arthakriyA vyApya hai| kintu nitya padArtha na to kramase arthakriyA ( apanA kArya ) kara sakatA hai, kyoMki jaba vaha nitya samartha hai to apanA kAma use turanta kara DAlanA cAhie; aura na vaha saba kAma eka sAtha kara sakatA hai; kyoMki yadi vaha saba kAma turanta kara DAlegA to phira use karaneke lie kucha bhI nahIM rahanese vaha asat ho jaayegaa| isalie nityameM krama yogapadyake na rahanese arthakriyA bhI nahIM raha sktii| aura arthakriyAke na rahanese nityapadArtha asat siddha hotA hai| tathA nityapadArthake asat siddha honese yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki kSaNika padArtha ho sat hai; kyoMki nitya aura kSaNikake sivA koI tIsarA prakAra to hai nahIM, jo sat ho sake / rahA anupalabdhi rUpa hetu, kintu anupalabdhikA antarbhAva svabhAvAnupalabdhi ho jAtA hai aura svabhAvAnupalabdhi svabhAvahetu hai tathA usakA tAdAtmya sambandha hai| ataH usake lie kisI anya avinAbhAva niyamakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| ___ isa taraha avinAbhAva tAdAtmya aura tadutpattise ho niyata hai ataH hetuke do hI bheda haiM-svabhAvahetu aura kAryahetu / aisA bauddhoMkA mata hai / ___ uttarapakSa-jainoMkA kahanA hai ki 'avinAbhAva tAdAtmya aura tadutpattise hI niyata hai' ityAdi kathana avicArapUrNa hai; kyoMki tAdAtmya avinAbhAva niyamakA nimitta nahIM hotaa| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki sambandha unhoMmeM hotA hai jinameM bheda nahIM hotA hai| kintu tAdAtmyake hote hue bheda nahIM ho sakatA aura bhedake abhAvameM sambandha nahIM ho sakatA / tAdAtmyakA artha hai-sAdhyake sAtha sAdhanako ektaa| ekatAke hote hue bheda nahIM ho sakatA aura bhedake hote hue ekatA nahIM ho sktii| ataH vRkSatvameM aura Amra tvameM tAdAtmya honese Amratvase vRkSatvako pratIti kaise ho sakatI hai ? tathA yadi sAdhya aura sAdhanameM tAdAtmya honese sAdhana-sAdhyakA gamaka hotA hai to jisa samaya hetukA grahaNa hotA hai usI samaya hetuse abhinna honeke kAraNa sAdhyako bhI pratIti ho hI jAyegI taba anumAnako AvazyakatA hI nahIM rahatI; kyoMki sAdhanakA grahaNa kiye binA usase sAdhyakA jJAhIM ho sakatA aura sAdhanako pratIti honepara bho yadi sAdhyako pratIti nahIM haiI to una donoMme 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 446 /
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________________ 220. jaina nyAya tAdAtmya kaise kahA jAyegA ? aura yadi sAdhanako pratItike sAtha hI sAdhyakI pratIti ho jAtI hai to anumAnako viphalatA siddha hai| yadi kahA jAye ki viparIta samAropako dUra karaneke lie anumAnakI AvakyakatA hai, to usameM yaha prazna paidA hotA hai ki hetukA svarUpa jAna lene para samAropa hotA hai yA binA jAne ho usameM viparIta samAropa hotA hai ? yadi hetukA svarUpa jAna liyA to phira viparIta samAropako sthAna hI kahA~ rahA; kyoMki yadi andheremeM khar3e UMce padArthameM hAtha-paira Adi dikhAI de jAyeM to use sthANu (ThUTha) kauna samajha sakatA hai? aura yadi hetukA svarUpa nahIM jAnA to viparIta samAropakA prazna hI nahIM uThatA; kyoMki vastuko binA jAne viparIta jJAna nahIM hotaa| jaba sAdhya aura sAdhanameM tAdAtmya hai to jaise Amrapaneko dekhakara vRkSa honekA anumAna karate haiM vaise hI vRkSapanase AmratvakA anumAna kyoM nahIM kiyA jAtA / yadi kahA jAye ki Amratva to vRkSatvase baMdhA huA hai; kintu vRkSatva Amratvase ba~dhA nahIM hai| arthAt jisameM Amratva pAyA jAtA hai usameM vRkSatva avazya pAyA jAtA hai kintu jo-jo vRkSa hotA hai vaha-vaha AmakA hI vRkSa hotA hai aiso vyApti nahIM hai, taba to tAdAtmya honese hetu sAdhyakA gamaka nahIM hotA, balki avinAbhAvase ho hetu sAdhyakA gamaka hotA hai| ataH tAdAtmyase avinAbhAva niyata nahIM hai aura na tadutpattise hI avinAbhAva niyata hai| kyoMki dhUmakA dharma kAlApana vagairaha bho agnise hI utpanna hotA hai, kintu usakA agnike sAtha adhinAbhAva nahIM hai| tathA agni sAmAnya aura dhUmasAmAnyameM kAryakAraNa bhAva nahIM hotA, kintu agnivizeSa aura dhUmavizeSameM kAryakAraNa bhAva hotA hai| ataH rasoIghara meM jisa agni aura dhUmameM kAryakAraNa bhAva jAnA, unameM to gamya-gamaka bhAva arthAt sAdhya-sAdhana bhAva nahIM hai| aura parvatapara pAye jAne vAle jisa dhUma aura agnimeM gamya-gamaka bhAva hai, unameM kAryakAraNa bhAva nahIM jAnA / tathA kAryakAraNa bhAvako jAne binA parvatastha dhUma ora agnikA avinAbhAva nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| aura agRhIta avinAbhAva anumAnakA aMga nahIM hai| aba yadi anumAna prayogake kAla meM kAryakAraNake avinAbhAvakA grahaNa mAnate haiM to hetukI pratIti hote hI sAdhyakI pratItike ho jAnese anumAnako AvazyakatA ho kyA hai ? isake sivA jinameM tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti sambandha ho unameM hI yadi avinAbhAva niyama mAnate haiM to kRttikA nakSatra aura rohiNInakSatrake udayameM sabhA candrodaya aura samudra kI vRddhi meM sAdhya-sAdhanabhAva kaise banegA; kyoMki inameM jo tArAnya hai aura na tadutpatti sambandha hai /
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________________ parokSapramANa 221 tathA yaha kahanA ki pratyakSa aura anupalambhase avinAbhAvakI pratIti hotI hai, ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki ApakA pratyakSa nirvikalpa honese vyAptiko grahaNa nahIM kara sakatA aura anupalambha padArthAntarake upalambha svarUpa honese vyAptiko grahaNa nahIM kara sktaa| 'amuka vastu amuka vastu ke honepara hI hotI hai, aura nahIM honepara nahIM hotI' itanA vicAra, nirvikalpaka pratyakSameM nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki vaha vicAraka nahIM hai| nirvikalpakase utpanna honevAlA savikalpaka pratyakSa bhI vyAptiko grahaNa nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki bauddha use pramANa nahIM mAnate / _ 'svabhAva hetukI vyApti vipakSa meM bAdhaka pramANake balase jAnI jAtI hai' yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai| 'saba kSaNika haiM, kyoMki sat haiM' isa anumAnameM 'sat haiM' yaha svabhAvahetu hai| tathA vahA~para vipakSa nitya hai / bauddhoMke kathanAnusAra 'sat' hetu vipakSa nityameM nahIM rahatA; kyoMki vipakSa meM bAdhaka pramANa yaha anumAna hai'nityameM arthakriyA nahIM hotI, kyoMki usameM na to krama pAyA jAtA hai aura na 'yogapadya' pAyA jAtA hai| jisakI vyApti siddha hotI hai vahI anumAna apane sAdhyako siddhi karatA hai| ataH aba prazna yaha hotA hai ki vipakSameM bAdhaka jo anumAna hai usa anumAnakI vyApti dUsare anumAnase siddha hotI hai yA usI anumAnase siddha hai ? yadi eka anumAnakI vyApti dUsare anumAnase siddha hotI hai to dUsare anumAnakI vyApti tIsare anumAnase siddha hogii| isa taraha anavasthA doSa AtA hai| aura yadi vaha anumAna apanI vyAptiko svayaM hI siddha karatA hai to anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai; kyoMki jaba vyApti siddha ho to anumAna bane aura jaba anumAna bane to jyApti siddha ho / ataH yadi bauddha anumAna pramANako mAnate haiM to unheM vyAptike grAhaka tarkako eka judA pramANa mAnanA cAhie; kyoMki pratyakSa aura anumAnase vyAptikA grahaNa nahIM ho sktaa| tathA tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti sambandhake abhAvameM bhI avinAbhAvake balase hI hetu apane sAdhyako siddha karane meM samartha hotA hai| jaise-vahA~ chAyA hai| kyoMki vRkSa hai' athavA aMdheremeM Ama khAnepara usake rasake svAdase jo Amake rUpakA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai, ina donoM anumAnoMmeM, 'vRkSa' aura 'rasa' hetu kramazaH sAdhya chAyA aura rUpakA na to svabhAva hai, kyoMki rasa aura chAyAmeM tathA rUpa aura rasameM bheda pAyA jAtA hai, aura na kArya hai; kyoMki donoM eka sAtha rahate haiN| bauddha-rasake cakhanepara tathA vRkSake dekhane para usakI sAmagrIkA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai aura sAmagrIse rUpa aura chAyAkA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai|
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________________ 222 jaina nyAya jaina-aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki isa prakArakA vyavahAra nahIM pAyA jaataa| arthAt rasake cakhanepara vyavahArI manuSya usakI sAmagrIkA anumAna nahIM karatA anyathA vartamAna rUpa Adiko pratIti nahIM ho skegii| aura aisI sthitimeM 'isa AmrakA rUpa amuka prakArakA hai; kyoMki isameM amuka prakArakA rasa pAyA jAtA hai' isa prakArakA anumAna tathA usa prakArake rUpake icchuka manuSyako usameM pravRtti nahIM hogii| isake sivA yadi Apa (bauddha) sAmagrIse rUpakA anumAna mAnate haiM to sAmagrI kAraNa huI aura rUpa usakA kArya huaa| ataH kAraNase kAryakA anumAna mAnanepara, bauddhoMne hetuke jo do hI bheda mAne haiMsvabhAva hetu aura kArya hetu, usameM bAdhA AtI hai, kyoMki isa taraha eka tIsarA kAraNa hetu bhI mAnanA pdd'egaa| isase siddha huA ki vRkSa Adi chAyA Adike na to svabhAva hI haiM aura na kArya hI haiM, phira bhI unase chAyA AdikA anumAna hotA hai| yadi kahA jAye ki vRkSa Adise chAyA Adike anumAna karane meM vyabhicAra dekhA jAtA hai to bhI ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki vRkSa Adise chAyA AdikA anumAna karanepara bAdameM chAyA Adi pratyakSase satya pratIta hotI hai| jalameM candramAkA pratibimba dekhakara usase AkAzameM candramAke honekA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| kintu AkAzameM sthita candramA na to jalameM pratibimbita candramAkA svabhAva hai aura na kArya hai| phira bho jala candra se candramAkA nirdoSa jJAna hotA hai| ataH svabhAva aura kArya ke sivA eka kAraNa hetuko bhI mAnanA caahie| 'eka muhurtameM rohiNI nakSatrakA udaya hogA; kyoMki kRttikA nakSatrakA udaya ho cukA' isa anumAnameM 'kRttikA nakSatrakA udaya ho cukA' yaha hetu hai aura 'rohiNI nakSatrakA udaya hogA' yaha sAdhya hai| kintu kRttikAkA udayarUpa hetu rohiNIke udayarUpa sAdhyakA na to kArya hai aura na svabhAva hai, parantu donoMke udayameM avinAbhAva niyama hai isalie loga AkAzameM kRttikAkA udaya dekhakara bhaviSyamai rohiNI nakSatrake udaya honekA anumAna karate haiN| isa tarahake aura bhI udAharaNa diye jA sakate hai-jaise, kala prAtaH sUryakA udaya hogA, kyoMki Aja sUryakA udaya huA hai| tathA 'kala grahaNa lagegA; kyoMki gaNita karanese amuka prakArake aMka Ate haiN|' ye saba pUrvacara hetuke udAharaNa haiM arthAt inameM sAdhyase hetu pUrvacArI hotA hai| ata: bauddhoMne jo hetuke do hI prakAra mAne haiM ve ThIka nahIM haiM, svabhAva hetu aura kArya hetuke sivA kAraNa hetu, pUrvacara Adi hetu bhI dekhe pAye jAte haiM / hetuke pA~ca bheda mAnanevAle naiyAyikakA pUrvapakSa-naiyAyika-vaizeSika1. nyA0 ku0 caM0, pR0 460 /
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________________ parokSapramANa 223 kA kahanA hai ki hetuke pA~ca bheda haiM- kAraNa, kArya, saMyogI, samavAyI aura ye pAMca hetu hI anumAnake aMga haiM, inhIM meM avinAbhAva niyama pAyA jAtA hai / pA~coM hetuoMkA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai virodhI / 1. kAraNa se kAryakA anumAna - jaise jalate hue IMdhanako dekhakara bhasma honekA anumAna karanA -- IMdhanakA jalanA rAkhakA kAraNa hai / 2. kAryase kAraNakA anumAna - jaise nadI meM bAr3ha dekhakara Upara varSA honekA anumAna karanA / nadImeM bAr3ha AnekA kAraNa varSA honA hai / 3. saMyogIke darzanase saMyogIkA anumAna ---- jaise dhUmake dekhanese vahnikA anumAna karanA / yahA~ dhUma agnikA saMyogI hai / 4. samavAyIke darzana se samavAyIkA anumAna - jaise zabdase AkAzakA anumAna karanA / yahA~ zabdaguNa samavAya sambandhase AkAza meM rahatA hai / athavA eka artha meM samavAya sambandhase rahanevAle eka guNake darzana se usI artha meM samavAya sambandhase rahanevAle dUsare guNakA anumAna - jaise rUpase rasakA anumAna karanA | 5. virodhIke dekhanese dUsare virodhIkA anumAna - jaise nevaleke bAla uThe hue dekhakara pAsa meM ho sarpa honekA anumAna karanA / ye pA~ca hetu gamaka hote haiM / uttarapakSa- -jainoMkA kahanA hai ki naiyAyikoM kA yaha kahanA ki pA~ca hetu hI anumAnake aMga haiM, ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki una pA~coMke atirikta, kRttikodaya Adi hetuoMko anumAnakA aMga Upara batalAyA hI hai / avinAbhAva niyamake honese hI hetu anumAnakA aMga hotA hai, na ki kAraNa Adi honese / kAraNAdi rUpatA to saba hetuoMmeM nahIM pAyI jAtI, jaise kRttikodaya Adi hetuoM meM kAraNa Adi rUpatA nahIM hai / kintu avinAbhAva niyama samasta hetuoM meM pAyA jAtA hai aura jo hetvAbhAsa hai, unameM nahIM pAyA jAtA / ataH avinAbhAva niyamake honese hI hetuko apane sAdhyakA gamaka mAnanA cAhie / avinAbhAva ke binA koI bhI hetu apane sAdhyakA sAdhaka nahIM dekhA jAtA / avinAbhAva ke honepara hI sarvatra hetuoM meM gamakatA dekhI jAtI hai | ataH naiyAyikakA ukta mantavya bhI ucita nahIM hai / 9 "sAMkhyasammata hetuke bhedoMkA nirAkaraNa - isI taraha sAMkhyahetuke sAta bheda mAnate hai - mAtrA, mAtrika, kAryavirodhI, sahacArI, svasvAmI aura badhyaghAtasaMyogI / 1. mAtrAmAtrika anumAna - jaise cakSuke jJAnakA anumAna karanA / 2. kArya se kAraNakA anumAna - jaise bijalIko kSaNika dekhakara usake kAraNakA anumAna karanA / 3. prakRtivirodhIke darzanase usake virodhIkA anumAna - jaise, bAdala nahIM barasegA kyoMki havA pratikUla bahatI hai / 1 nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 462 / ,
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________________ jaina nyAya 4. sahacarakA anumAna- - jaise cakaveke yugala meM se ekako dekhakara dUsareke hone kA anumAna karanA / 5. 'sva' ke dekhanese svAmIkA anumAna - jaise, chatra vizeSako dekhanese rAjAke honekA anumAna karanA / 6. badhyaghAta anumAna -- jaise nevaleko prasanna dekhakara yaha anumAna karanA ki isane avazya ho sarpa mArA hai / 7. saMyogI anumAna - jaise, hAthameM tridaNDa dekhanese yaha anumAna karanA ki yaha parivrAjaka hai / 224 naiyAyikoM ke dvArA mAne gaye hetuoMkI taraha hI sAMkhyake dvArA kalpita hetuoMkI saMkhyAkA nirAkaraNa bhI jAna lenA caahie| kyoMki pUrvacara Adi hetuoMkA antarbhAva sAMkhya kalpita hetuoM meM bhI nahIM hotA unheM pRthak hetu hI mAnanA par3egA / / ataH sAMkhyako bhI sAdhya - jise siddha kiyA jAtA hai use sAdhya kahate haiM / ataH jo siddha ho vaha sAdhya nahIM ho sakatA / kintu jisameM sandeha ho, kuchakA kucha samajha liyA gayA ho, athavA jisake viSayameM ajJAna phailA huA ho vahI vastu sAdhya ho sakatI hai / tathA jisa bAtako siddha kiyA jAye vaha pratyakSa Adise bAdhita nahIM honA caahie| jaise yadi koI agniko ThaNDI siddha karanA cAheM to nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki agnikA ThaNDApana pratyakSa se bAdhita hai / ataH abAdhita ho sAdhya ho sakatA hai / darzanazAstra meM anumAna pramANakI AvazyakatA prAyaH usa samaya mAnI gayI hai jaba do vyaktiyoMmeM kisI bAta ko lekara vAda ( zAstrArtha ) hotA hai / una donoM meM se eka vAdI kahA jAtA hai aura dUsarA prativAdI kahA jAtA hai / vAdI yuktiyoM ke dvArA apane iSTa tattvako prativAdoke sAmane siddha karatA hai / ataH sAdhya vahI hotA hai jo vAdIko iSTa ho aura prativAdIko asiddha ho| kyoMki samajhAnekI icchA vAdIko ho hotI hai / isIse jainadarzana meM iSTa, abAdhita aura asiddhako sAdhya kahA hai / 1 arthApatti pUrvapakSa -mImAMsaka eka arthApatti nAmakA svatantra pramANa mAnate haiM / unakA kahanA hai ki arthApatti pratyakSa vagairaha se eka judA pramANa hai, kyoMki usakA svarUpa anya pramANoMse bhinna hai / jisakA jisase bhinna svarUpa hotA hai vaha usase eka judA 1. sAdhyaM zakyamabhipretamaprasiddhaM tato'param / sAdhyAbhAsaM yathA sattA bhrAnteH puruSadharmataH // 20 // - pramANa saMgraha | 2. nyA0 ku0 ca0 pR0 505 /
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________________ parokSapramANa 225 pramANa hotA hai jaise anumAna pratyakSase eka judA pramANa hai| usI taraha arthApattikA svarUpa bhI pratyakSa Adi pramANoMse bilakula bhinna hai| isakA vizeSa isa prakAra hai-pratyakSa Adi pA~ca pramANoMse jAnA gayA athavA sunA gayA jo artha jisake binA na ho sake usa adRSTa arthako kalpanA karaneko arthApatti kahate haiN| pratyakSa Adi nimittoMke bhedase arthApatti chaha prakArakI hotI hai| jaise, pratyakSase agnikA jalAnA rUpa kArya dekhakara yaha kalpanA karanA ki agnimeM jalAneko zakti hai anyathA vaha jalA nahIM sakatI, vaha pratyakSapUrvaka arthApatti hai| sUryako eka jagahase dUsarI jagaha dekhakara anumAnase jAnate haiM ki sUrya calatA hai| aura anumAnase jAnI huI sUryako gatike AdhArapara yaha kalpanA karanA ki sUrya meM gamana karaneko zakti hai, yaha anumAnapUrvaka arthApatti hai| upamAna pramANase gavayasAdRzya viziSTa goko jAnakara usake AdhArapara yaha kalpanA karanA ki sAdRzyaviziSTa gomeM upamAna pramANake dvArA grAhya honekI zakti hai, anyathA vaha upamAna pramANase grAhya nahIM ho sakatA, yaha upamAnapUrvaka arthApatti hai| ye arthApattiyA~ judA hI pramANa haiM, kyoMki ye atIndriya zaktiko viSaya karate haiM / zaktiko na to pratyakSase jAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki vaha atIndriya hai; na anumAnase jAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki jisa viSayameM pratyakSako pravRtti nahIM hai, usameM anumAnakI pravRtti nahIM ho sktii| . zabda aura upamAna pramANakI to sambhAvanA hI nahIM hai ki ve zaktiko jAna skeN| kyoMki zabda aura sAdRzyake binA hI zaktikI pratIti ho jAtI hai| ataH arthApatti hI zaktiko viSaya kara sakatI hai| yadi zabdameM vAcaka zakti na hotI to zabdase arthakI pratipatti nahIM ho sakatI thii| isa arthApattise zabdameM vAcakazakti jAnakara usake AdhArapara zabdameM nityatAkI kalpanA karanA arthApattipUrvaka arthApatti hai| 'moTA devadatta dinameM nahIM khAtA' yaha bAta sunakara usake rAtrimeM bhojana karanekI kalpanA karanA zruta arthApatti hai / jIvita caitra nAmake vyaktiko gharapara na dekhakara usake AdhArapara yaha kalpanA karanA ki vaha kahIM bAhara gayA hai, abhAvapUrvaka arthApatti hai| ___ yadi kahA jAye ki yaha to anumAna hI hai to aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki anumAnako sAmagrI arthApatti meM nahIM pAyI jaatii| pakSadharmatA Adi sAmagrose jo jJAna hotA hai use hI anumAna kahate haiM / vaha sAmagrI arthApattimeM nahIM hai| ataH arthApatti eka pRthak hI pramANa hai|
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________________ 226 jaina nyAya arthApattikA anumAnameM antarbhAva uttarapakSa-'jainoMkA kahanA hai ki jisa pratyakSAdise jAne gaye athavA sune gaye arthako anyathAnupapattike AdhArapara adRSTa arthakI kalpanA kI jAtI hai, vaha dRSTa athavA zruta artha apane sAdhyake sAtha sambaddha hai athavA asambaddha hai| yadi asambaddha hai to vaha usa adRSTa arthakI kalpanAmeM kAraNa kaise ho sakatA hai ? kyoMki jisa kisI padArthako dekhakara jisa kisI padArthakI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI, anyathA bar3I gar3abar3a upasthita ho jaayegii| aura yadi vaha artha apane sAdhyake sAtha sambaddha hai to usase honevAlA jJAna anumAna hI hai kyoMki apane sAdhya ke sAtha sambaddha hone kA nAma hI avinAbhAva hai| aura jo-jo avinAbhAva. se jJAna hotA hai vaha anumAna hI hai| ataH jaba arthApatti avinAbhAvake balase utpanna hotI hai to vaha anumAna hI huii|| dUsare, vaha dRSTa athavA zruta artha apane sAdhyase sambaddha hote hue bhI sambaddha rUpase jJAta honepara adRSTa arthakI kalpanAmeM nimitta hotA hai athavA ajJAta hone. para bhI ? ajJAta honepara to adRSTa arthakI kalpanAmeM nimitta nahIM ho sakatA, anyathA bAlajana bhI usase adRSTa arthakI kalpanA kara skeNge| yadi jJAta honepara vaha adRSTa arthako kalpanAmeM nimitta hotA hai to sAdhyakA jJAna karaneke samayameM hI vaha artha apane sAdhyake sAtha sambaddha rUpase jAnA jAtA hai athavA pahale ? prathama pakSameM vaha artha apane sAdhyake sAtha sambaddha rUpase pramANAntarase jAnA jAtA hai athavA usI pramANase jAnA jAtA hai ? pahalA vikalpa ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki sAdhyakA jJAna karaneke samaya usake sambandhako grahaNa karanevAlA pramANAntara sambhava nahIM hai| yadi sambhava hai to sAdhyakI siddhi bhI usI pramANAntarase ho jaayegii| phira arthApattiko AvazyakatA hI kyA hai ? athavA arthApatti mAna bhI lI jAye to bhI vaha anumAnase bhinna nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha aise hetuse utpanna hotI hai jisakA apane sAdhyake sAtha sambandha pramANAntarase jAnA jAtA hai aura jo aise hetuse utpanna hotA hai vaha anumAna hI hai, jaise dhumase honevAlA vahnikA jJAna / cUMki arthApatti bhI aise hetuse hI utpanna hotI hai ataH vaha anumAna hI hai / yadi dRSTa athavA zruta arthako apane sAdhyake sAtha sambaddha rUpase arthApatti hI jAnatI hai to anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai-arthApattike siddha honepara arthApattike utthApaka arthakI apane sAdhyake sAtha sambaddha rUpase jJapti siddha ho aura usake siddha honepara apattikI siddhi ho / 1. nyA0 ku. ca0, pR0 512 /
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________________ parokSapramANa 227 yadi arthApattikA utthApaka artha apane sAdhyake sAtha sambaddha rUpase pahale hI jAna liyA jAtA hai to sAdhyadharmI meM jAnA jAtA hai athavA dRSTAntadharmo meM ? prathama vikalpameM arthApatti vyartha ho jAtI hai, kyoMki usakA sAdhya to pahale se hI siddha hai / dUsarA vikalpa bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki mImAMsaka arthApattike utthApaka arthake sambandhakA jJAna dRSTAntameM honA svIkAra nahIM karate / dUsare, arthApattike utthApaka arthakA apane sAdhyake sAtha sambandhakA jJAna yadi dRSTAnta meM hotA hai to bAra-bAra darzana se hotA hai, athavA vipakSameM anupalambhase hotA hai athavA dUsarI arthApatti se hotA hai ? bAra-bAra darzanase ho nahIM sakatA; kyoMki atIndriya zaktikA bAra-bAra darzana asambhava hai / vipakSa meM anupalambhase bhI nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki vipakSa meM anupalambha bhI upalabdhiyogya padArthoMmeM hI sambandhakA jJAna karA sakatA hai / dUsarI arthApatti bhI prathama arthApattike utthApaka arthakA apane sAdhyake sAtha sambandhakA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki anavasthA doSa AtA hai / mImAMsaka phira Apa sAdhya-sAdhana ke sambandhakA jJAna kaise karate haiM ? jaina - tarka nAmake pramANase / mImAMsaka -- yadi hama bhI use mAna leM to kyA doSa hai ? jaina - ApakI pramANasaMkhyA bar3ha jAyegI / tathA Apake yahA~ jo yaha likhA hai - 'pratyakSa se sambandhako jAnanepara hI anumAnakI pravRtti hotI hai' usake viruddha jAyegA | vAstava meM sarvatra avinAbhAva sambandhakI pratIti tarka pramANase hI hotI hai / tarkake agocara kucha bhI nahIM hai, jisase zaktike atIndriya honeke kAraNa kisI hetuke sAtha usake sambandhakI pratipatti na honese anumAna pramANase zaktiko na jAnA jA sakatA ho / pratyakSapUrvaka arthApattikA jo svarUpa Apane kahA hai ki pratyakSase agnike dAharUpa kAryako jAnakara usakI anyathAnupapattise agnimeM dAhakatva zaktikI kalpanA karanA pratyakSapUrvaka arthApatti hai / isameM anupapattise ApakA kyA matalaba hai ? dAhakatva zaktike binA sphoTa ( phapholA ) AdikA na honA, yadi anupapatti hai ? to 'dAhaka zaktike binA sphoTa Adi kArya nahIM ho sakate' yaha vyatirekakA hI kathana huA / aura yaha vyatireka 'dAhaka zakti ke honepara sphoTa Adi kArya hote haiM' isa anvayako prakaTa karatA hai / tathA anvaya aura vyatireka hetuke hI dharma haiM / aisI sthiti meM arthApatti anumAnase bhinna kaise ho sakatI hai ?
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________________ 228 jaina nyAya .. sphoTa Adi kAryako dekhakara usake kAraNako siddhi arthApattise ho nahIM hotI, anumAnase bhI hotI hai| yathA-sphoTa Adi kAraNapUrvaka hote haiN| kyoMki kArya haiN| jo kArya hotA hai vaha kAraNapUrvaka hI hotA hai, jaise dhUma vagairaha / cUMki sphoTa Adi kArya haiM ataH kAraNapUrvaka hone caahie| ukta kathanase anumAna aura upamAnapUrvaka arthApattikA bhI niSedha samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki unameM bhI pratyakSapUrvaka arthApattimeM diye gaye doSa Ate haiN| zabdako nitya siddha karane meM jo arthApattipUrvaka arthApatti batalAyI hai vaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai| zabda anitya hote hue bhI vAcaka ho sakatA hai isakA vicAra zrutajJAnake prakaraNameM kiyA jaayegaa| zruta arthApattikA jo udAharaNa diyA hai ki 'moTA devadatta dinameM nahIM khAtA' ityAdi, vaha bhI anumAna hI hai; kyoMki usameM kAryase kAraNakA jJAna kiyA gayA hai| rasAyana AdikA sevana kiye binA bhI svayaM apane meM tathA dUsaroMmeM pAyA jAnevAlA muTApA bhojanakA kArya hai yaha jAnakara, jaba vaha yaha sunatA hai ki devadatta dinameM bhojana nahIM karatA phira bhI moTA banA huA hai to usake AdhArapara vaha nizcaya karatA hai ki devadatta rAtameM khAtA hai; kyoMki rasAyana vagairahakA upayoga na karate hue bhI tathA dinameM na khAte hue bhI moTA hai| ___isI taraha jo abhAvapUrvaka arthApatti kahI hai, vaha bhI anumAna hI hai kyoMki 'gharameM nahIM hai' isa hetuse jIvita caitrakA bAhara honA siddha hotA hai| mImAMsaka-anumAnameM gamya ( sAdhya jo jAnA jAye ) ke binA gamaka ( sAdhana, jisake dvArA jAnA jAye ) nahIM hotA, jaise agnike binA dhUma nahIM hotaa| kintu apattimeM gamakake binA gamya nahIM hotaa| jaise caitrakA bAhara rahanA gamya hai, vaha gamya jIvita hote hue gharameM abhAvake binA nahIM bntaa| ataH arthApatti meM anumAnase viparItatA pAyI jAtI hai| isalie arthApatti anumAnase bhinna pramANa hai| jaina-yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai| sAdhyake avinAbhAvI hetuse sAdhyake jJAnako anumAna kahate haiM / yaha anumAnakA lakSaNa arthApatti meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| arthApattike utthApaka arthakA sAdhyake sAtha avinAbhAva hotA hai| ataH vaha avinAbhAva, jise anyathAnupapatti bhI kahate haiM, donoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai, bhale hI vaha gamakakA vizeSaNa ho, athavA gamyakA vizeSaNa ho, kevala itanese arthApatti aura anumAnameM bheda nahIM ho sakatA hai, anyathA pakSadharmatvarahita arthApattise pakSadharmatvasahita arthApattiko bhI eka judA pramANa mAnanA pdd'egaa| tathA arthApattimeM avinAbhAva
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________________ parokSapramANa 229 gamyakA vizeSaNa hotA hai yaha kathana bhI prasiddha hai / gharameM caitrakA abhAva hI usake bAhara honekA gamaka hai aura usakA avinAbhAva vizeSaNa ho sakatA hai| avinAbhAvake gamakakA vizeSaNa honemeM koI doSa nahIM hai, jisake bhayase avinAbhAvako gamyakA vizeSaNa mAnA jAye ? tathA sabhI arthApattiyoMmeM avinAbhAvagamyakA vizeSaNa nahIM hotA; kyoMki pratyakSapUrvaka arthApatti meM gamaka sphoTa AdikA hI vizeSaNa avinAbhAva hotA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki usameM gamya zaktikI sphoTake binA anupapatti nahIM hai; kyoMki sphoTake binA bhI zaktikA sadbhAva mAnA gayA hai / ataH arthApatti anumAnase bhinna nahIM hai / anumAnake avayava ___ anumAnake pAMca avayava mAne jAte haiM-pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana / sAdhya viziSTa pakSake kahaneko pratijJA kahate haiN| jaise, yaha parvata agnivAlA hai| sAdhanake kahaneko hetu kahate haiN| jaise, 'kyoMki dhUmavAlA hai|' vyAptipUrvaka dRSTAntake kahaneko udAharaNa kahate haiN| jaise, jo-jo dhUmavAlA hotA hai vaha-vaha agnivAlA hotA hai jaise rasoIghara / aura jo-jo agnivAlA nahIM hotA vaha dhUmavAlA bhI nahIM hotA, jaise tAlAba / inameM se rasoIghara anvaya dRSTAnta hai| jisameM sAdhanake sadbhAvameM sAdhyakA sadbhAva batalAyA jAtA hai, vaha anvaya dRSTAnta hotA hai / aura tAlAba vyatireka dRSTAnta hai| jisameM sAdhyake abhAvameM sAdhanakA abhAva dikhalAyA jAye vaha vyatireka dRSTAnta hotA hai| pakSameM hetuke doharAneko upanaya kahate haiM, jaise-yaha parvata bhI usI taraha dhUmavAlA hai / natIjA nikAlakara pratijJAke doharAneko nigamana kahate haiM jaise, isalie agnivAlA hai| anumAnakA pUrA prayoga saMkSepameM isa prakAra hai-yaha parvata agnivAlA hai; kyoMki dhUmavAlA hai, jaise rasoIghara, usI taraha yaha bhI dhUmavAlA hai, isalie agnivAlA hai| jaina' nyAyameM inameM se do hI aMgoMkA prayoga Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai-eka pratijJA aura eka hetukA / zeSa tInakA prayoga Avazyaka nahIM mAnA gyaa| kintu alpabuddhi janoMko samajhAne ke lie yadi Avazyaka ho to zeSa tInoMkA bhI prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| anumAnake avayavoMke viSayameM bauddhakA pUrvapakSa. bauddha darzanameM kevala hetukA prayoga hI Avazyaka mAnA jAtA hai| usakA 1. 'etadvayamevAnumAnAga nodAharaNamiti' |-priikssaamu0 3-37 / /
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________________ jaina nyAya kahanA hai ki pakSakA prayoga karanA niSprayojana hai| kevala hetuke prayoga karanese hI gamyamAna pakSameM sAdhyakA bodha svayaM ho jAtA hai| zAyada koI kaheM ki pakSakA prayoga karanese sAdhyako pratipatti hotI hai ataH pakSakA prayoga niSprayojana nahIM hai| kintu aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki pakSake kahanese sAdhyako pratipatti sambhava nahIM hai| yadi hai to kevala pakSake kahanese hI sAdhya arthakA bodha ho jAtA hai athavA hetusahita pakSake kahanese sAdhyakA bodha hotA hai| yadi kevala pakSake kahanese sAdhya arthakA bodha hotA hai to hetukA kahanA vyartha ho jAyegA; kyoMki pratijJAke prayoga mAtrase hI sAdhya arthako pratipatti ho jAtI hai| yadi hetusahita pakSake kahanese sAdhya arthako pratipatti hotI hai to hetuse hI sAdhya arthako pratipatti mAnanI cAhie ataH pratijJAkA prayoga vyartha hai / uttarapakSa-jainoMkA' kahanA hai ki bauddha loga pakSake prayogako kyoM anA. vazyaka mAnate haiM kyA vaha sAdhyakI siddhimeM rukAvaTa DAlatA hai ? yA prakaraNase hI pakSake prayogakI siddhi ho jAtI hai ? athavA vaha prayojanakA sAdhaka nahIM hai, athavA hetuke prayogakI sahAyatAse prayojanakA sAdhaka hai, isalie anAvazyaka hai ? pahalA vikalpa ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki jaba vAdo samyak sAdhanake dvArA svapakSakI siddhi karatA hai to pakSakA prayoga sAdhyakI siddhi meM rukAvaTa nahIM DAla sktaa| dUsarA vikalpa bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki prakaraNase jaise pakSake prayogakA jJAna svayaM ho jAtA hai, vaise hI hetu vagairahakA jJAna bhI svayaM hI ho jAtA hai| ataH anumAnameM hetukA bhI prayoga nahIM karanA cAhie / zabdako anitya siddha karate samaya 'kRtakatva' Adi hetu aura ghaTa Adi dRSTAnta kyA prakaraNase svayaM jJAta nahIM ho jAte ? phira bhI yadi hetukA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai to pakSa ne kyA aparAdha kiyA hai jo usakA prayoga nahIM karate ? 'pakSakA prayoga prayojanakA sAdhaka nahIM hai' yaha kathana bhI asiddha hai; kyoMki pakSakA prayoga karanese sunane-samajhanevAleko vizeSa bodha hotA hai aura yahI pakSake prayogakA prayojana hai| koI zrotA mandabuddhi hotA hai aura koI tIvra buddhi hotA hai / jo manda buddhi hotA hai, pratijJAke prayogake binA use prakRta arthakA vizeSa jJAna nahIM hotaa| tathA naiyAyikake matAnusAra to tIvrabuddhike lie bhI anumAnake pAMcoM avayavoMkA prayoga jarUrI hai, pA~coM avayavoMkA prayoga na kiye jAnepara naiyAyikane nigraha sthAna nAmaka doSa mAnA hai| tIvabuddhi manuSyako pratijJAkA prayoga kiye binA bhI hetukA prayoga karanese hI prakRta arthakI pratIti 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 436 /
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________________ parokSapramANa 231 ho jAtI hai, isalie yadi pratijJAke prayogako Apa vyartha samajhate haiM to hetukA prayoga bhI vyartha hai; kyoMki tIvrabuddhi manuSyako kisI vizvasta manuSya ke mukhase 'vahAM agni hai' ityAdi pratijJAko sunakara hI prakRta arthakI pratipatti ho jAtI hai / ukta kathana se cothA vikalpa bhI khaNDita ho jAtA hai; kyoMki hetuke prayogakI sahAyatA se hI pratijJAkA prayoga kAryakArI hai aisA koI niyama nahIM hai / kyoMki kabhI-kabhI hetuke prayogake binA hI kevala pakSakA ho vizeSa pratipatti ho jAtI hai / prayoga karane se zrotAko yadi pakSakA kathana na kiyA jAyegA to hetumeM anaikAntika Adi doSa bhI ho sakate haiM; kyoMki pakSake prayogake binA hetuke guNa-doSoMkA vAstavika vicAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jaise yadi koI dhanurdhara lakSya-nirdezake binA bANa chor3e to darzakoM ko usakA guNa bhI doSa aura doSa bhI guNa pratIta hotA hai / kintu yadi vaha lakSyakA nirdeza kara de ki maiM amuka vastukA lakSya karake bANa chor3atA hU~ to usakA guNa aura doSa jJAta ho jAtA hai ki yaha dhanurdhara lakSyavedhameM pravINa hai athavA nhiiN| isI taraha pakSakA nirdeza na karanepara vyAmohavaza sacce hetumeM bhI yaha AzaMkA utpanna honese ki yaha hetu sAdhya meM hI rahatA hai athavA sAdhyake abhAva meM bhI rahatA hai, anaikAntika doSa AtA hai, tathA 'yaha hetu vipakSameM hI rahatA hogA' aisI AzaMkA honese 'viruddhatA' nAmaka doSa AtA hai kintu pakSakA nirdeza kara denepara hetuke guNa aura doSakI pratipatti ThIka-ThIka ho jAtI hai ataH doSako AzaMkA nahIM rahatI / bauddhakA yaha kahanA ki yadi kevala pakSase hI sAdhyakA pratipAdana ho jAtA hai to hetukA prayoga vyartha hai, ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki koI bhI kAraNa akelA kArya nahIM kara sakatA / kyA akelA bIja aMkurako utpanna kara sakatA hai ? tathA yadi akelA hI bIja aMkurako utpanna karanemeM samartha ho to anya sahAyaka vyartha nahIM ho jAte / yadi aisA mAnA jAyegA to akele hetuke sAdhyako siddha karane meM samartha honepara bhI bauddha jI hetu prayogake bAda usakA samarthana karate haiM, vaha bhI vyartha ThaharegA / bauddha sAdhyakI siddhimeM pakSa hetukI apekSA karatA hai, ataH vaha sAdhyakI siddhimeM kAraNa nahIM hai / jaina-tI bauddhoMke dvArA kalpita nirvikalpaka pratyakSa arthako siddhimeM savikalpaka pratyakSakI apekSA karatA hai ataH nirvikalpaka pratyakSako bhI arthako siddhimeM kAraNa nahIM mAnanA cAhie /
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________________ 232 jaina nyAya bauddha-nirvikalpaka pratyakSase jAne hue arthako ho savikalpaka vyavasthA karatA hai ? jaina-to pakSake dvArA pratipAdita arthako hI hetu kahatA hai aura hetuke dvArA pratipAdita arthakA samarthana karatA hai aisA bhI kyoM nahIM mAna lete ? hetukI apekSA lekara arthakA kathana karanA hI pakSakA svarUpa hai| 'pac' dhAtuse pakSa zabda banA hai| ataH hetuke dvArA sukumAra buddhi manuSyoMke lie jo arthako vyakta karatA hai vaha pakSa hai| yadi pakSako nahIM mAnA jAyegA to sapakSa aura vipakSakI vyavasthA kaise banegI; kyoMki sapakSa aura vipakSakI vyavasthA pakSapUrvaka hI hotI hai| aura sapakSa tathA vipakSa ke abhAvameM hetukA trairUpya nahIM bana sktaa| ataH anumAna pramANakA hI uccheda ho jaayegaa| yadi pratijJAkA prayoga anucita hai to zAstra vagairahameM bhI usakA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAnA cAhie / kintu zAstrameM pratijJAkA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai| ___ bauddha--zAstrakAra dUsaroMkA kalyANa karane ke lie zAstra racate haiM, ataH ve apane pAThakoMkA dhyAna rakhate haiM / isalie zAstra AdimeM pratijJAkA prayoga karanA sayuktika hai| jaina-to vAdameM bhI pratijJAkA prayoga honA cAhie; kyoMki vAdameM bhI vAda karanevAle dUsaroMkA upakAra karaneke lie hI pravRtta hote haiM / ataH hetukI taraha pakSakA prayoga bhI Avazyaka hai| anumAnake bheda 'anumAnake do bheda haiM-svArthAnumAna aura parArthAnumAna / paropadezake binA svayaM hI jo sAdhanase sAdhyakA jJAna hotA hai use svArthAnumAna kahate haiM aura paropadezase (dUsareke vacanoMse ) jo sAdhanase sAdhyakA jJAna hotA hai vaha parArthAnumAna hai| Agama yA zruta pramANa parokSa pramANakA antima bheda Agama pramANa hai / jaina Agamika paramparAmeM isakA prAcIna nAma zruta hai / jaise jaina Agamika paramparAkA matijJAna jaina tArkika paramparAmeM sAMvyavahArika pratyakSake nAmase abhihita huA, vaise hI zruta bhI Agamake nAmase abhihita huA / 1. 'tadanumAnaM dvadhA // 52 // svArthaparArthabhedAt' ||53-prii0 mu0
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________________ parokSapramANa 233 Agamika zrutakI carcA karane se pUrva hama dArzanika Agama pramANakI ora Ate haiM / jaina Agama yA zruta pramANa eka taraha se darzanAntaroMke zAbdapramANakA hI sthAnApanna hai yadyapi donoMmeM antara bhI hai jo Age spaSTa kiyA jAyegA, phira bhI zAbdapramANako taraha Agama yA zrutameM bhI zabdakI mukhyatA hai; kyoMki zrutakA artha hotA hai 'sunA huA' arthAt sunakara jo jJAna hotA hai vaha zrutajJAna hai / dUsare zabdoM meM zabda ke nimittase jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha zrutajJAna hai / zAbdapramANakA bhI lagabhaga aisA hI Azaya hai ataH Agama yA zrutapramANameM zabdakI mukhyatA honese zabda aura zabdase honevAle jJAnake sambandhameM jo vivAda haiM unakI carcA prathama kI jAtI hai / sabase prathama to ve tArkika Ate haiM jo zAbdapramANako nahIM mAnate / vaizeSika to anumAna pramANa meM usakA antarbhAva karatA hai / bauddhoM kA kahanA hai ki zabda pramANa hI nahIM hai; kyoMki zabdakA arthake sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai / tathA zabdakA artha vidhirUpa na hokara anyApoha rUpa hai / mImAMsaka zabda aura arthakA nitya sambandha mAnatA hai tathA zabdako bhI nitya mAnatA hai / isIse vaha vedako anAdi ataeva apauruSeya mAnatA hai / tathA zabdakA artha sAmAnyamAtra mAnatA hai / arthAt gauzabda govyaktiko na kahakara gotva sAmAnyako kahatA hai / vaiyAkaraNoMkA kahanA hai ki varNadhvani kSaNika hai / ataH usase arthakA bodha nahIM ho sakatA / isalie ve eka sphoTa nAmakA nitya tattva mAnate haiM / usake anusAra varNadhvanise sphoTako abhivyakti hotI hai aura usase arthakA bodha hotA hai / vaiyAkaraNoMkA yaha bhI mata hai ki saMskRta zabdoM meM hI arthakA bodha karAne kI zakti hai, pAlI, prAkRta Adi dezabhASAoMke zabdoMmeM vaha zakti nahIM hai / kintu jainadarzana ukta sabhI mAnyatAoMkA virodhI hai / ata: jaina naiyAyikoMne ukta sabhI matoMkI samIkSA ko hai / cUMki zruta yA AgamapramANakA mUla zabda hai ataH zabdasambandhI ukta mAnyatAoMkI samIkSA Age kI jAtI hai / usake bAda zrutapramANakA vivecana kiyA jAyegA / vaizeSikoMkA pUrvapakSa - vaizeSika aura bauddha zruta athavA zabdapramANako nahIM mAnate / vaizeSikoM kA kahanA hai ki zabdapramANa anumAna pramANase bhinna nahIM hai; kyoMki donoMkA viSaya eka hai tathA donoM eka hI sAmagrI se utpanna hote haiM / isakA vizeSa isa prakAra hai--zabda aura anumAna donoM hI sAmAnyagrAhI haiM / tathA donoM hI sambaddha- arthakA jJAna karAte haiM / zAyada kahA jAye ki zabda asambaddha arthako kahatA hai, kintu aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM haiM; kyoMki aisA honese bar3I 1. praza0 bhA0, pR0 576 / praza0 vyoma0, pR0 577 / praza0 kanda0, pR0 214 / Q
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________________ jaina nyAya gar3abar3I paidA ho jAyegI / ataH zabda sambaddha arthako hI kahatA hai aura sambaddha arthakA hI jJAna karAnese zabdameM aura liMgameM koI bheda nahIM rhtaa| isI taraha donoM eka hI sAmagrIse utpanna hote haiM; kyoMki jaise anumAnameM sAdhya aura sAdhana. ke sambandhake smaraNakI apekSAse sAdhanase sAdhyakA jJAna hotA hai vaise hI vAcya aura vAcakake sambandhake smaraNakI apekSAse zabda arthakA jJAna karAtA hai / tathA jaise anumAnameM anvayavyatireka rahatA hai vaise hI zabdameM bhI anvayavyatireka rahatA hai| kyoMki lokameM jo zabda jisa arthameM dekhA jAtA hai vaha usakA vAcaka hotA hai aura jisa arthameM nahIM dekhA jAtA usakA vAcaka nahIM hotaa| tathA zabdameM bhI pakSadharmatA rahatI hai| jaise, amuka zabda arthavAlA hai, zabda honese / sArAMza yaha hai ki jaise pratyakSase dhUma dekhakara agnikA jJAna hotA hai| vaise hI zabda sunakara usake arthakA bhI jJAna hotA hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki liMgase sAdhyakA jJAna karane meM dRSTAntako apekSA hotI hai, kintu aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki abhyasta viSayame liMga aura zabda donoM hI dRSTAntakI apekSAke binA hI sAdhya aura arthakA jJAna karAte haiN| tathA zabda kevala vaktAko icchAmeM hI pramANa hai, bAhya artha meM pramANa nahIM hai| kyoMki usameM vyabhicAra doSa pAyA jAtA hai / jaise 'merI a~gulike agra bhAgapara sau hAthI baiThe haiN| isa prakArake zabda bAhya arthameM pramANa nahIM ho sakate; kyoMki aisA honA pratItiviruddha hai| aura jaba zabda bAhya arthameM pramANa na hokara vivakSAmeM hI pramANa hai to usameM aura liMgameM koI bheda nahIM rhtaa| ___ uttarapakSa-jainoMkA kahanA hai ki zabda aura anumAna pramANako eka batalAnA ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki donoMkA viSaya eka nahIM hai / zabdakA viSaya kevala artha hai, kintu anumAnakA viSaya sAdhyadharmase yukta dharmI hai / tathA yadi isa taraha viSayakA abheda honese pramANoMmeM abheda mAnA jAyegA taba to pratyakSa aura anumAnameM bhI abhedakA prasaMga AyegA; kyoMki sabhI pramANa sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka vastuko viSaya karate haiN| isI taraha sambaddha arthakA jJAna karAneke kAraNa zabda anumAna nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki pratyakSa bhI sambaddha arthakA ho jJAna karAtA hai, ata: vaha bhI anumAna ho jaayegaa| zAyada kahA jAye ki yadyapi pratyakSa bhI sambaddha arthakA hI jJAna karAtA hai, kintu usakI sAmagrI anumAnase bhinna hai ataH vaha anumAnase judA hI pramANa hai / to phira zabda anumAnase bhinna kyoM nahIM hai; kyoMki zabdapramANakI sAmagrI 1. praza0 kanda0, pR0 215 / 2. nyA0 ku. ca0, 532-536 /
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________________ parokSapramANa 235 anumAnapramANase bhinna hai / ataH abhinna viSaya honese zabdako anumAna mAnanA ucita nahIM haiN| isI taraha abhinna sAmagrI honese bhI zabdako anumAna mAnanA ucita nahIM haiM; kyoMki jisa sAmagrIse anumAna utpanna hotA hai vaha sAmagro zabdameM sambhava nahIM hai| anumAnakI sAmagrI hai - pakSadharmatA, sapakSa satva aura vipakSameM asatva / yaha sAmagrI zabdameM sambhava nahIM hai kyoMki yahA~ koI dharmI nahIM hai / ___isI taraha zabda aura arthameM anvaya aura vyatireka bhI nahIM hai| jaise, jahA~ dhUma hotA hai vahA~ agni avazya hotI hai, isI taraha jahA~ zabda hotA hai vahA~ artha avazya hotA hai, aisA koI niyama nahIM hai| kyoMki zabda to mukhameM rahatA hai aura artha ( vastu) bhUmipara rahatA hai| tathA vyavahArI puruSa bhI aisA nahIM mAnate / kyoMki jahA~-jahA~ 'piNDakhajUra' zabda sunA jAtA hai, vahA~ piNDakhajUroMkA astitva kauna vyavahArI mAnatA hai| isI taraha "jisa kAlameM zabda ho usa kAlameM usakA artha avazya ho' aisI bAta bhI nahIM hai| rAvaNa aura zaMkha cakravartI zabda Aja bhI vartamAna haiM, kintu rAvaNa kabhIkA mara cukA aura zaMkha cakravartI bhaviSyameM hogaa| ataH zabda aura arthameM anvaya nahIM hai aura jaba anvaya nahIM hai to vyatireka bhI nahIM hai; kyoMki anvayapUrvaka hI vyatireka hotA hai / 'jo zabda jisa arthameM dekhA jAtA hai vaha usakA vAcaka hotA hai aura jisa arthameM nahIM dekhA jAtA usakA vAcaka nahIM hotaa|' isa prakArakA anvayavyatireka to hama bhI mAnate haiM, kintu isa prakArakA anvayavyatireka honese hI zabda anumAna nahIM ho sktaa| isa prakArakA anvayavyatireka to pratyakSa meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai, kyoMki jahA~ ghaTa hotA hai vahA~ usakA pratyakSa bhI hotA hai aura jahAM ghaTa nahIM hotA vahA~ usakA pratyakSa bhI nahIM hotaa| ataH pratyakSa bhI anumAna ho jaayegaa| _ 'zabda kevala vaktAkI icchA ( vivakSA) meM hI pramANa hai bAhya arthameM pramANa nahIM hai' aisA kahanA bhI asaMgata hai / yadi zabdakA viSaya kevala vivakSA hI mAnA jAyegA to usase bAhya padArthoM meM pravRtti Adi nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki bAhya artha Apake matase zabdakA viSaya nahIM hai| kintu aisA mAnanA pratItiviruddha hai, zabdoMse bAhya arthako pratIti, bAhya artha meM pravRtti tathA bAhya arthakI prApti baccoM takako hotI hai| ataH bAhya padArtha hI zabdakA viSaya hai / dUsare, vivakSAse ApakA kyA abhiprAya hai ? zabda uccAraNako icchAkA nAma vivakSA hai, athavA amuka zabdase amuka arthako kahanekA abhiprAya ? prathamapakSameM vaktA aura zrotAkI zAstraracanAmeM tathA zAstra sunanemeM pravRtti nahIM hogI; kyoMki kauna samajhadAra
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________________ 236 jaina nyAya manuSya vaktAkI icchA mAtrako jAnaneke lie zAstra sunanA pasanda kregaa| tathA sArthaka aura nirarthaka sabhI zabda samAna ho jAyeMge; kyoMki sabhI zabda uccAraNako icchA mAtrako hI kaha skeNge| dUsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki totAmainA Adi ukta abhiprAyase zabdakA uccAraNa nahIM krte| ataH zabdako kevala vivakSAmeM pramANa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| kintu zabda vaktAke abhiprAyase bhinna bAhya arthakA vAcaka hai, aisA mAne binA saca aura jhUThakI vyavasthA nahIM bana sktii| ataH zabda anumAna pramANa nahIM hai; kyoMki usakA viSaya tathA usakI utpAdaka sAmagrI anumAnase bhinna hai| bauddhoMkA pUrvapakSa-bauddhoMkA kahanA hai ki 'zabdakA anumAna pramANameM antarbhAva nahIM hotA' yaha kahanA ucita hI hai yadi zabdapramANa hotA to usakA anumAnameM antarbhAva karanekA prayAsa ThIka thA, kintu zabda to pramANa hI nahIM hai aura usake apramANa honekA kAraNa yaha hai ki zabdakA arthake sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai| yadi zabda aura arthakA koI sambandha hai to vaha tAdAtmya sambandha hai yA tadutpatti sambandha hai ? tAdAtmya sambandha to ho nahIM sakatA; kyoMki zabda bhinna sthAnameM rahatA hai aura artha bhinna sthAnameM rahatA hai| tathA yadi zabda aura arthakA tAdAtmya mAnA jAyegA to churA zabdakA uccAraNa karate hI mukha cira jAyegA aura laDDu zabda kahate hI mukha laDDu se bhara jAyegA; kyoMki zabda aura artha eka hI hai / isI taraha zabda aura arthameM tadutpatti sambandha bhI nahIM hai; kyoMki arthake abhAvameM bhI zabdako utpatti dekhI jAtI hai| ataH jaba zabda bAhya arthakA jJAna nahIM karA sakate taba unheM pramANa kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai| kevala vikalpa vAsanAse ho zabdoMkA janma hotA hai tabhI to ve aise-aise jJAna karAte haiM, jinameM bAhya arthakI gandha bhI nahIM pAyI jaatii| jaise-aMgulike agrabhAgameM sau hAthI haiN|' zAyada kahA jAye ki isa prakArake jJAna karAne meM zabda kAraNa nahIM hai kintu puruSakA doSa hI kAraNa hai| kintu aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki doSI manuSya yadi gaMgA ho to isa prakArakA asatya jJAna nahIM karA sakatA / aura hRdayameM kaluSatA nahIM honepara bhI yadi koI Apta puruSa isa prakArakA vAkya kaha de to sunanevAleko turanta asatya jJAna utpanna ho jAtA hai| ataH yaha zabdoMkI hI mahimA hai, vaktA puruSake doSoMkA isameM koI aparAdha nahIM hai, zAyada Apa kaheM ki Apta puruSa isa prakArake nirarthaka vAkya nahIM bola sakatA aura jo aise 1. pramANa vA0 TI0 3 / 212 / tattvasaMgraha, pR0 440 / 2. pramANa vA0 ttii01|288 /
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________________ parokSapramANa 237 vAkya bolatA hai vaha Apta nahIM hai / to aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki yadi nirdoSa vaktA ke dvArA isa prakArake vAkyoMkA ( aMgulike agrabhAgameM so hAthI rahate haiM ) prayoga honepara bhI unheM sunakara zrotAko ayathArtha jJAna utpanna na hotA to yaha mAnA jA sakatA thA ki isa prakArake ayathArtha jJAna karAnekA kAraNa vaktAkA doSa hai / kintu jaba Apa kahate haiM ki Apta puruSa isa prakArake vAkyoM kA prayoga nahIM karatA taba to hameM yaha sandeha banA hI rahatA hai ki zabdoM ke abhAvake kAraNa ayathArtha jJAna utpanna nahIM hotA athavA doSoMke abhAva ke kAraNa ayathArtha jJAna utpanna nahIM hotA / dUsare, isa prakArake vAkyoMkA prayoktA Apta bhI ho sakatA hai; kyoMki isa prakArake zabdoMkA uccAraNa karanepara bhI usake antaraMga meM doSoMke na honese usake Apta hone meM koI virodha nahIM AtA / Apta bhI kisIko upadeza dete hue kaha sakatA hai ki 'merI aMgulike noka meM sau hAthI rahate haiN|' isa prakArake vAkya nahIM bolanA caahie| ataH yaha zabdoMkI hI mahimA hai, doSoMkI nahIM / ataH vikalpa vAsanAse zabdoMkA janma hotA hai aura zabdoMse vikalpoMkA janma hotA hai / zabda arthako chUtA bhI nahIM hai / uttarapakSa-- jainoM kA kahanA hai ki zabda aura artha meM tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti sambandha na honepara bhI yogyatA rUpa sambandha pAyA jAtA hai / jaise vakSukA ghaTAdike rUpake sAtha tAdAtmya tadutpatti sambandha nahIM honepara bhI yogyatA rUpa sambandha dekhA jAtA hai / ---- bauddha-- yadi yogyatA rUpa sambandhase zabda arthakA vAcaka hai to artha bhI zabdakA vAcaka kyoM nahIM hogA / jaina -- aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki padArthoMkI zaktiyA~ nizcita hotI haiM / jaise jJAnameM jJApaka zakti aura jJeyameM jJApya zakti niyata hai vaise hI zabda meM pratipAdaka zakti aura artha meM pratipAdya zakti pratiniyata hai / arthAt zabda meM kahane kI zakti hai aura artha meM kahe jAneko zakti hai / isIkA nAma yogyatA hai / bauddha-- yadi zabda yogyatAko vajahase arthako kahatA hai to janmase hI pRthvI ke garbha meM pale hue yuvakako bhI zabda sunakara arthakA bodha honA cAhie / jaina - aisA kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai kyoMki 'isa zabdakA yaha artha vAcya hai aura isa arthakA vAcaka amuka zabda hai' isa prakArakA saMketajJAna jise hotA 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 538 /
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________________ 230 jaina nyAya hai usIko zabda apane arthako kahatA hai, aura jise isa prakArakA saMketajJAna nahIM hotA use zabda sunakara bhI arthakA jJAna nahIM hotA hai| anyathA usa yuvakako dhUma dekhakara agnikA bhI jJAna ho jAnA caahie| bauddha-jisa puruSameM sAdhya aura sAdhanake avinAbhAva sambandhako jAnA hai, use hI sAdhanako dekhakara sAdhyakA jJAna hotA hai, sabako nahIM ho sakatA / jaina-to jisane zabda aura arthake saMketako jAnA hai usIko zabda sunakara vAcya arthakA bodha hotA hai aisA mAnanA caahie| bauddha-zabda aura arthakA saMketa to puruSa apanI icchAnusAra karate haiM, kintu vastuko vyavasthA puruSako icchAnusAra honA ucita nahIM hai / aisA honese bar3I gar3abar3I upasthita hogii| taba to artha bhI vAcaka aura zabda bhI vAcya kyoM nahIM ho jAyegA; kyoMki puruSakI icchA to niraMkuza hai ? jaina-aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki jaise dhUma aura agnikA avinAbhAva sambandha svAbhAvika hai phira bhI usake grahaNa karane ke lie tarka AdikI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| vaise hI zabda aura arthameM vAcya-vAcakazaktirUpa sambandha svAbhAvika hI hai, kevala usako jAnaneke lie saMketa grahaNakI AvazyakatA hotI hai| yadi isa svAbhAvika sambandhameM vyatikrama kiyA jAyegA to dopaka aura ghaTameM jo prakAzya-prakAzaka zakti hai, usameM bhI vyatikramakI Apatti khaDI hogii| aura aisA honepara dIpaka prakAzya aura ghaTa prakAzaka ho jaayegaa| yadi aisA honA pratItiviruddha hai to zabdakA vAcya aura arthakA vAcaka honA bhI pratItiviruddha hai| bauddha-zabdameM eka arthakA jJAna karAneko svAbhAvika zakti hai athavA aneka arthakA jJAna karAnekI svAbhAvika zakti hai ? yadi eka arthakA hI jJAna karAnekI zakti hai to jaise dhUmase kabhI bhI agnike sivA anyakA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA vaise hI saikar3oM saMketa karanepara bhI zabda apane niyata arthakA hI bodha karAyegA, usake sivA anya arthakA bodha nahIM karA sktaa| aura yadi zabdameM aneka arthoM kA jJAna karAneko svAbhAvika zakti hai to usase eka sAtha aneka arthoM kA hI bodha hogA, pratiniyata arthakA bodha nahIM hogaa| jaina-yaha carcA bhI ThIka nahIM hai, saba zabdoMmeM saba arthoMko kahaneko zakti hotI hai, kintu pratiniyata saMketa kara lenese pratyeka zabda pratiniyata arthakA hI pratipAdana karatA hai| eka hI zabdakA vibhinna dezoMmeM vibhinna arthoMmeM saMketa
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________________ parokSapramANa 239 pAyA jAtA hai / jaise mAlave meM karkaTikA ( kakar3o ) zabdakA artha phalavizeSa hotA hai aura gujarAtameM usakA artha 'yoni' hotA hai| dekhA jAtA hai ki sarvatra rUpako jAnane meM samartha cakSu bho pAsameM andherA honepara dUravartI rUpako jAnatI hai, dUrameM andherA honese samIpavartI rUpako jAnatI hai, viziSTa aMjana lagA lenese andhakArameM sthita vastuko bhI jAna letI hai, kintu A~khameM kAMca-kAmalA roga honese pIta raMgake abhAvameM bhI zveta zaMkhako pIta rUpase jAnatI hai / ata: jaise aneka rUpoMko jAnane meM samartha hote hae bhI cakSa pratiniyata sahAyakako vajahase pratiniyata rUpakA hI jJAna karAtI hai vaise hI aneka arthoMko kahaneko zakti hote hue bhI zabda pratiniyata saMketakI vajahase pratiniyata arthakA hI pratipAdana karatA hai / bauddha-jaba cakSakI taraha zabdakA arthake sAtha yogyatA rUpa sambandha hai to cakSuko ho taraha zabda saMketa grahaNake binA hI arthakA jJAna kyoM nahIM karAtA ? jaina-zabda jJApaka hai ataH vaha saMketako apekSAse hI arthakA jJAna karAtA hai; kyoMki jo jJApaka hotA hai vaha jJApaka aura jJApyake sambandhako jisane pahalese jAna liyA hai usa puruSako hI jJApyakA jJAna karAtA hai; jaise dhuum| isI taraha zabda bhI jJApaka hai| kintu cakSu jJApaka nahIM hai, kAraka hai, ataH vaha sambandha grahaNake binA hI rUpAdimeM jJAnako utpanna karatA hai| jo svayaM pratIyamAna hokara ajJAta arthako pratItimeM hetu hotA hai use jJApaka kahate haiN| yaha bAta zabdameM ho hai, cakSu meM nahIM hai / ataH zabda saMketagrAhI puruSako hI apane arthakA jJAna karAtA hai| zakti to svAbhAvika hai| ataH jaise rUpake prakAzanako cAmeM zakti hai, vaise hI arthake prakAzanakI zakti zabdameM hai| ataH bauddhoMkA yaha kahanA ki 'zabda arthako nahIM chUtA', ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki AptakA zabda arthako sparza nahIM karatA, athavA anAptakA zabda arthako sparza nahIM karatA yA zabdamAtra arthako sparza nahIM karatA ? prathama pakSameM pratyakSa bAdhA hai; kyoMki yadi koI Apta (prAmANika ) puruSa yaha kahe ki 'nadIke kinAre phala haiM' aura usako sunakara koI nadIke kinAre jAye to use avazya phala mila jAte haiM / yadi anApta ( aprAmANika ) puruSake zabda arthako sparza nahIM karate to saba zabdoMko arthako na chUnevAlA kyoM kahate ho| yadi aisA kahoge to kAca kAmala rogI manuSyakA pratyakSa arthakA ThIka jJAna nahIM karAtA, isalie nirdoSa cakSuse utpanna hue pratyakSako bhI mithyA mAnanA pdd'egaa| isIse tIsarA vikalpa bhI khaNDita huA samajhanA cAhie; kyoMki Apta aura anApta puruSoMke dvArA uccArita zabdoMke sivAya koI zabda mAtra nahIM hotaa|
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________________ 250 jaina nyAya bauddha-Apta puruSa bhI yadi kahe ki 'merI aMgulIkI nokapara saikar3oM hAtho baiThate haiM / to sunanevAleko mithyA jJAna hotA hai| ataH isa prakArakA mithyA jJAna utpanna karanA zabdoMkA kAma hai / isameM vaktAke doSa kAraNa nahIM haiM ? jaina-Apta puruSa isa prakArake nirarthaka vAkya nahIM bolate / yadi ve dUsaroMko isa prakArake vAkya bolanekA niSedha karate hue kahate haiM ki merI aMgulIkI nokapara so hAthI baiThate haiM' aisA vAkya nahIM bolanA cAhie to unakA vaisA kahanA ucita hI hai / ataH Aptake dvArA kahe hae zabda ayathArtha nahIM ho sakate / isalie 'zabda svayaM arthakA sparza nahIM karate' aisA mAnanA galata hai, kintu puruSake doSoMkI vajahase hI zabda ayathArtha hote haiM / ___ bauddha-puruSa guNavAn ho athavA sadoSa ho, usakA kAma to zabdoMkA uccAraNa mAtra kara denA hai| arthakA jJAna to zabdoMse hI hotA hai, ataH yadi jJAna viparIta hotA hai to isameM zabdoMkA hI aparAdha hai, vaktAke doSoMkA nahIM ? jaina-taba to guNavAna vaktAke zabdoMse jo satya arthakA jJAna hotA hai use bhI zabdakA hI kArya mAnanA hogA, vaktAke guNoMkA nhiiN| aura aisI sthitimeM zabdako sarvathA ayathArtha mAnanA ucita nahIM hogaa| ataH cakSu kI taraha arthamAtrako prakAzita karanA hI zabdakA svarUpa hai| aura yathArtha athavA ayathArthakA prakAzana karanA guNoM aura doSoMkA kAma hai| jaise nirmalatA Adi guNoMke honepara cakSu vastukA ThIka-ThIka prakAzana karate haiM aura kAca kAmala Adi doSoMke honepara kuchakA kucha dikhalAte haiM, isI taraha zabda bhI vaktAke guNoM aura doSoMkI apekSAse satya athavA asatya vastukA kathana karatA hai| ataH arthakA jJAna karAne meM nimitta honese pratyakSa AdikI taraha hI zabda bhI pramANa hai| zabdake dvArA hI svapakSakA sAdhana aura parapakSakA nirAkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, tathA usIke dvArA samasta tattvoMmeM utpanna hue vivAdako dUra kiyA jAtA hai| mImAMsakakA pUrvapakSa-mImAMsaka kA kahanA hai ki zabdakA arthake sAtha sambandha hai yaha to ThIka hai, kintu vicAraNIya yaha hai ki zabda aura arthakA sambandha nitya hai athavA anitya hai| anitya mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki anitya sambandhakA karanA zakya nahIM hai| 'yaha saMjJA isa arthakI hai' isa prakArakA sambandha 1. nyA0 ku. ca0, pR0 543 /
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________________ parokSapramANa 241 pratyeka puruSake prati kiyA jAtA hai athavA pratyeka zabdako lekara kiyA jAtA hai athavA pratyeka arthako lekara kiyA jAtA hai ? prathama pakSameM puruSake dvArA pratyeka puruSake prati kiyA jAnevAlA zabdArtha sambandha eka hI hai athavA aneka hai ? yadi vaha eka hai to kRtaka ( kiyA huA) kaise hai ? pahale bhI usakA sadbhAva thA ataH vaha akRtaka hI ThaharatA hai| kyoMki sat vastukA puruSase janma mAnanA yukta nahIM hai| hAM, puruSake vyApArase satakI abhivyakti hI ho sakatI hai| yadi puruSake dvArA pratyeka puruSake prati kiyA jAnevAlA zabdArthasambandha aneka hai to 'go' zabdakA artha 'galakambalavAlA hai aura 'azva' zabdakA / artha 'ayAlavAlA' hai isa prakAra eka arthakI saMgati kaise ho sakegI ? __ tathA pratyeka puruSake prati zabdArthakA kartA eka hI hai athavA aneka hai ? yadi eka hai to vaha dezAntarameM rahanevAle puruSoM ke prati zabda aura arthakA sambandha kaise karatA hai ? yadi una-una dezoM meM jAkara karatA hai to pUrI Ayu bitA denepara bhI vaha isa kAmako nahIM kara sktaa| zAyada kahA jAye ki eka puruSa nikaTavartI bahuta se pradezoMmeM zabda aura arthake sambandhakA nirdhAraNa karatA hai| phira una pradezoMke puruSa anya pradezoMmeM jAkara vahI kAma karate haiN| isa taraha sarvatra vyavahAra ho jAtA hai| kintu aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki kucha prayojana honese. ve anya dezoMke puruSa sarvatra kyoM jAyeMge? ata: jahA~ ve nahIM jAyeMge vahIM vyavahAra nahIM hogaa| __ yadi zabda aura arthake sambandhako nirdhAraNa karanevAle aneka puruSa haiM to saba dezoM aura kAloMmeM, zabdArthasaMketameM ekarUpatA nahIM ho sktii| zAyada kahA jAye ki zabdArthasaMketake kartA saba puruSa eka jagaha ekatra hokara aura parasparameM vicAra karake eka prakArakA hI saMketa nirdhArita karate haiM, isalie saMketoMmeM ekarUpatA rahatI hai| kintu aisA kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki svatantratApUrvaka zabdArthasaMketa karanevAle puruSa, milakara saMketakA nirdhAraNa kyoM kareMge? ataH pahalA pakSa ThIka nahIM hai| yadi pratyeka zabdakA saMketa grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai to pratyeka zabdakA uccAraNa karake kiyA jAtA hai athavA binA uccAraNa kiye hI kiyA jAtA hai ? binA uccAraNa kiye to kiyA nahIM jA sakatA, banyathA vaha saMketa nirAzraya ho jaayegaa| aura yadi pratyeka zabdakA uccAraNa karake saMketa grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai to puruSakI sampUrNa AyumeM bhI isa prakArakA sambandha karanA zakya 1. zAbarabhA0 015 / 2. mI0 zlo0, pR0 644 //
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________________ jaina nyAya nahIM hai / isI taraha pratyeka arthakA sambandha kara sakanA bhI azakya hai; kyoMki arthoMkA anta nahIM hai tathA ve dUra-dUra dezoM meM phaile hue haiM / ataH zabda aura arthakA sambandha nitya hI mAnanA caahie| usakI pratIti tIna pramANoMse hotI hai / jaba eka manuSya dUsare manuSyako, jisane zabda aura arthakA sambandha grahaNa kara liyA hai, kahatA hai - devadatta ! DaNDese sapheda gauko bhagAo / to pAsa meM khar3A huA dUsarA manuSya jisane zabda aura arthakA sambandha grahaNa nahIM kiyA hai, zravaNendriyase zabdako sunatA hai aura cakSuke dvArA arthakA pratyakSa karatA hai / vaha dekhatA hai ki ukta vAkyako sunate hI devadatta nAmaka puruSa DaNDA lekara sapheda gauko bhagAtA hai ataH vaha anumAnase jAna letA hai ki ina zabdoMkA yaha artha hai / usake pazcAt anyathA - nupapattise vaha yaha nizcaya karatA hai ki ina zabdoMmeM isa prakArake arthako kahane kI zakti na hotI to zabdoM ko sunate hI devadatta aisA na karatA / 242 ataH ina zabdoM meM isa arthako kahane kI zakti hai / isa prakAra zabda aura arthake nitya sambandhakI pratIti pratyakSa, anumAna aura arthApatti pramANase hotI hai / uttarapakSa- * jainoM kA kahanA hai ki vicAra karanepara zabda aura arthakA nitya sambandha nahIM banatA / isakA vizeSa isa prakAra hai zabda aura arthakA nitya sambandha svabhAvase hI hai athavA sambandhiyoMke nitya honese unakA sambandha bhI nitya hai ? yadi svabhAvase hI hai to isa nitya sambandhako sadA sabake prati arthakA prakAzana karanA caahie| zAyada kahe ki saMketake dvArA vyakta honepara hI yaha nitya sambandha zabdArthakA prakAzaka hotA hai, to phira yaha nitya ekarUpa to nahIM rahA / taba to vyakta aura avyakta rUpase usake bheda ho jAte haiM; vastu yadi vyakta hai to sarvadA vyakta hI rhegii| dUsare, yadi honepara hI nitya sambandha zabdArthakA prakAzaka hai to saMketa to puruSAdhIna hai / aisI sthiti meM vaha puruSa atIndriya jJAnase rahita honeke kAraNa vedameM viparIta saMketa bhI kara sakatA hai / aura aisA honese veda apramANa ThaharegA / ataH sambandha svabhAvase nitya nahIM hai / sambandhiyoMke nitya honese bhI sambandha nitya nahIM hai; kyoMki nitya sambandhI kauna hai zabda hai, athavA artha hai, athavA donoM haiM ? zabda to nitya nahIM hai, Age zabdakI nityatApara vicAra kiyA jAyegA / artha bhI nitya nahIM hai; kyoMki ghaTAdi arthokI anityatA pratyakSa se hI siddha hai / kyoMki nitya ekarUpa saMketake dvArA vyakta mImAMsaka - zabdakA artha sAmAnya hai / aura sAmAnya nitya hai, isalie sAmAnya Azrita sambandha bhI nitya hai / - 1. mI0 zlo0, sambandha0, 140-141 2. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 546 / 550 / prameyaka0 mA0 404-427 /
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________________ parokSapramANa 243 jaina - aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai, zabdakA artha sAmAnya nahIM hai, kintu sAmAnyavAn hai isakA Age samarthana kareMge / zabda aura artha - donoMko nitya mAnanepara ubhaya pakSameM diye gaye doSoMkA prasaMga AtA hai, ataH sambandhiyoMke nitya honese bhI sambandha nitya nahIM hai / jarA dera ke lie zabdArthasambandhako nitya mAna bhI liyA jAye to yaha prazna paidA hotA hai ki vaha sambandha kaise jAnA jAtA hai - indriya pratyakSa se athavA atIndriya pratyakSa se athavA anumAnase / prathama pakSa ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki nitya svabhAvakA kisI bhI indriyase pratyakSa honA sambhava nahIM hai / yadi vaha atondriya hai to usase arthakA jJAna kaise ho sakatA hai; kyoMki jo ajJAta hai vaha jJApaka ( dUsarekA jJAna karAnevAlA ) nahIM ho sakatA / isase anumAnase bhI nitya sambandhako pratIti nahIM ho sktii| kyoMki sambandhakA apratyakSa honepara pratyakSapUrvaka rUpase zabdArthasambandha ke viSaya meM anumAna kI pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI; kyoMki koI bhI liMga avinAbhAva sambandha grahaNa kiye binA anumAnakA utpAdaka nahIM ho sakatA / aura zabdArtha sambandhake apratyakSa honepara avinAbhAva sambandhakA grahaNa kara sakanA azakya hai / ataH kisI bhI pramANase zabdArtha ke nitya sambandhakI pratIti nahIM hotI / ataH use anitya hI mAnanA cAhie / zabdArtha ke anitya sambandha mAnanemeM mImAMsakoMne pahale jo ApattiyA~ upasthita kI haiM ve vicArapUrNa nahIM haiM / zAbdavyavahAra anAdi hai; kyoMki vidyamAna jagatkA nirmUla vinAzarUpa mahApralaya aura phira avidyamAna jagat kI sRSTi na hama jaina hI mAnate haiM aura na mImAMsaka hI mAnate haiM / ataH sRSTi ke Arambha meM zabdArtha sambandha pratyeka puruSake prati kiyA jAtA hai Adi, kathana vyartha hI hai / yadi zabdArthasambandhako nitya mAnA jAtA hai taba bhI usakI abhivyakti to anitya hI mAnanI hogI / usameM bhI ye saba dUSaNa diye jA sakate haiM / ataH yogyatArUpa sambandhake dvArA hI zabda arthakA pratipAdaka hotA hai / yahI mAnanA zreSTha hai / zabda ke arthake viSaya meM bauddhoMkA pUrva pakSa - bauddhoMkA kahanA hai ki zruta avisaMvAdI nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki jo zabda sat arthameM dekhe jAte haiM ve hI zabda arthake abhAva meM bhI dekhe jAte haiM / ata: zabda vidhirUpase arthakA kathana nahIM karate / isalie anyApoha ko hI zabdArtha mAnanA cAhie / bauddha mata ke anusAra 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 551 / pramANavA0 3 / 207 | 2. tattva saM0 paM0 pR0 274 | pramANavA0 TI0 1148 :
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________________ 244 jaina nyAya zabda aura liMgakA viSaya bAhya artha nahIM hai| yadi bAhya artha zabdakA viSaya hai to vaha svalakSaNarUpa bAhya artha hai athavA sAmAnyarUpa artha hai ? pahalA pakSa ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki svalakSaNarUpa artha meM saMketa grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, ataH usameM zabdoMkI pravRtti nahIM hotii| saMketa grahaNa usI meM kiyA jA sakatA hai jo saMketavyavahArake kAlameM maujUda rhe| kintu svalakSaNarUpa artha to ekakSaNavartI aura niraMza paramANurUpa hotA hai, ataH vaha dezAntara aura kAlAntarakA anusaraNa nahIM krtaa| kyoMki vivakSita deza aura vivakSita kAla meM jo artha hai vaha anya hai tathA dezAntara aura kAlAntarameM jo artha hai vaha anya hai| ataH aise arthameM saMketa grahaNa kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai| tathA, 'yaha zabda isa arthakA vAcaka hai' yaha sambandha jisa jJAnameM pratibhAsita hotA hai usa jJAnameM zabda aura svalakSaNarUpa artha pratibhAsita nahIM hote; kyoMki zabda zrotrendriyakA viSaya hai aura artha cakSukA viSaya hai| aura jo jisa jJAnameM pratibhAsita nahIM hote vaha jJAna una donoMkA sambandha nahIM kara sktaa| jaise go zabda aura gau arthake sambandhajJAnameM azva zabda aura azva arthakA pratibhAsa nahIM hotA ataH vaha jJAna una donoMkA sambandha nahIM karA sktaa| isI taraha cakSa aura zrotra indriyajanya jJAna meM pratibhAsamAna honevAle artharUpa svalakSaNa tathA zabdakA 'yaha isakA vAcaka hai' isa sambandhakArI jJAna meM pratibhAsa nahIM hotA / dUsare, jisa zabdakA jisa arthake sAtha sambandha nirdhArita nahIM huA hai, vaha zabda usa arthakA jJAna nahIM karA sktaa| jaise gozabdakA azva artha ke sAtha sambandha nahIM hai, isalie gozabda azvakA jJAna nahIM karA sktaa| isI taraha svalakSaNarUpa arthake sAtha kisI bhI zabdakA sambandha nahIM hai / ataH zabdase svalakSaNarUpa arthakA bodha nahIM ho sktaa| yadi zabdajJAna svalakSaNako viSaya karatA hai, to indriyajanya jJAnako taraha hI zAbdajJAna bhI spaSTa honA cAhie, kintu aisA nahIM hai / aura aisA bhI nahIM hai ki eka vastuke spaSTa aura aspaSTa do rUpa hoM, jisase zabdajJAnameM vastugata rUpakA hI pratibhAsa' ho / ataH svalakSaNa rUpa artha zabdakA viSaya nahIM ho sakatA / sAmAnyarUpa artha bhI zabdakA viSaya nahIM hai kyoMki vAstavika.sAmAnya ho asambhava hai| aura asambhava vaha isalie hai ki vaha khara viSANakI taraha artha 1. tattvasaM0 50, pR0 281 / apohasiddhi, pR0 7 / 2. pramANavA0 svavR0 1165 / For Private & Personal Use Only
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________________ parokSapramANa 145 kriyAkArI nahIM hai| nitya ekarUpa sAmAnya na kramase hI arthakriyA ( kArya) kara sakatA hai aura na eka sAtha hI kara sakatA hai| ataH zabdakA viSaya artha nahIM hai, kintu anyApoha hai| apohakA matalaba hai niSedha / usake do bheda hai-paryudAsa' aura prasajya / paryudAsake bhI do bheda hai-buddhirUpa aura artharUpa / jaise eka sAmAnyake binA bhI hare Adi aneka auSadhiyA~ jvara Adike zamanarUpa kAryako karatI haiM, vaise hI zAvaleya Adi artha bhI parasparameM bhedake hote hue bhI svabhAvase hI ekAkAra pratyavamarza ke kAraNa hote haiN| ina arthoM ke anubhavake balase jo savikalpaka jJAna utpanna hotA hai, usa jJAnameM arthAkAra rUpase jo arthakA AbhAsa hotA hai, use apoha kahate haiM / aba prazna hotA hai ki use apoha kyoM kahate haiM ? cAra kAraNoMse use apoha kahate haiM / prathama, vikalpAntaravartI AkAroMse bhinna hokara vaha svayaM pratibhAsamAna hotA hai athavA svAkArase itara AkAroMkA unmUlana karatA hai, jisake dvArA anyakA apoha ( vyAvRtti ) kiyA jAye, yA jo anyase apohita ho use anyApoha kahate haiN| vaha anyApoha zabdakA mukhya rUpase abhidheya (artha) hai| zeSa tona kAraNoMse aupacArika anyApoha isa prakAra hai-kAraNameM kAryakA Aropa karanese, jaise ukta anyApohakA kArya itarase vyAvRtta ( bhinna ) vastukI prApti hai| ataH usakA kAraNa honese kAryadharma anya vyAvRttikA apoharUpa kAraNameM Aropa kiyA jAtA hai| dUsarA, kArya meM kAraNadharmakA Aropa-eka pratyavamarzarUpa anyApohakA kAraNa anyase asaMsRSTa svalakSaNa rUpa artha hai; kyoMki usake nirvikalpa pratyakSase hI ukta anyApohakA janma huA hai| aura kAraNa rUpa svalakSaNameM anya vyAvRtti hai hI, ataH usa anya vyAvRttikA kAryabhUta eka pratyavamarza rUpa anyApohameM upacAra kiyA jAtA hai| tIsare, vijAtIyase vyAvRtta sva. lakSaNake sAtha savikalpakameM pratibhAsamAna rUpakA ekatvAdhyavasAya honese use anyApoha kahA jAtA hai| yaha buddhirUpa anyApohakA svarUpa hai| aura usa buddhirUpa anyApohakA kAraNa jo svalakSaNa hai vaha artharUpa anyApoha hai; kyoMki usameM vaha anya vijAtIyoMse vyAvRtta hai / yaha paryudAsarUpa apohakA kathana huaa| 'yaha go, agau nahIM hai' isa prakAra kevala itara vyAvRtti hI jo karatA hai vaha prasajya rUpa anyApoha hai| zabda kevala Upara kahe hue anyApohakA hI vAcaka hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki zAbdajJAnameM jo pratibhAsita ho use hI zabdArtha 1. tattva saM0 50, pR0 316 / 2. tattva saM0, paM0, pR0 318 /
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________________ jaina nyAya 246 mAnanA ucita hai / zAbdajJAnameM na to prasajyapratiSedha ( tucchAbhAvarUpa ) kA ho adhyavasAya hotA hai aura na svalakSaNakA hI pratibhAsa hotA hai / kintu bAhya arthast frzcAyaka eka zAbdI buddhi utpanna hotI hai / ataH use hI zabdArtha mAnanA caahie| yaha bauddhakA kahanA hai / tathA loga jo zabdakA arthake sAtha vAcya vAcaka bhAva rUpa sambandha mAnate haiM vaha bhI vAstavameM kAryakAraNabhAvase bhinna nahIM hai; kyoMki buddhimeM jo arthakA pratibimba hotA hai, vaha zabdajanya hai isase use vAcya kahate haiM / aura zabdako usakA janaka honese vAcaka kahate haiM / 1 uttarapakSa -- jainoM kA kahanA hai ki savikalpa buddhimeM jo arthAkAra pratibimba utpanna hotA hai use Apa anyApoha mAnate haiM / aba prazna yaha hai ki vaha pratibimba kisakA hai -- svalakSaNa kA athavA sAmAnyakA ? vaha svalakSaNakA pratibimba to nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki svalakSaNa to vyAvRttAkAra hai aura pratibimba anugata ekarUpa hai / yadi vaha pratibimba svalakSaNakA hai to svalakSaNako bhI anugata ekAkAra hI honA caahie| yadi vaha pratibimba sAmAnyakA hai to Apa to ( boddha ) sAmAnyako asat mAnate haiM, ataH asatkA pratibimba kaise par3a sakatA hai / yadi zabdajanya vikalpa kevala apane pratibimbakA hI nizcAyaka hai to usase bAhya artha meM pravRtti kaise hogI ? bauddha-- anartha meM arthakA adhyavasAya karanese bAhya meM pravRtti hotI hai / jaina -- arthAdhyavasAya se ApakA kyA matalaba hai ? yadi bAhya arthake grahaNa karaneko arthAdhyavasAya kahate haiM taba to hamArA hI mata siddha hotA hai; kyoMki bauddha to zabdajJAnako bAhya arthakA grAhaka nahIM mAnate / yadi vikalpa apane AkArako bAhya arthake sAtha milA detA hai yaha arthAdhyavasAyakA matalaba hai to yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki aisI pratIti nahIM hotI / zAyada kahA jAye ki vikalpa apane AkAra meM bAhya arthakA Aropa prakaTa karatA hai / kintu aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki vikalpAkAra aura bAhya artha, donoMkA grahaNa honepara hI ekakA dUsare meM samAropa ho sakatA hai / aba prazna yaha hai ki donoMko kauna grahaNa karatA hai - savikalpaka athavA nirvikalpaka ? nirvikalpaka to grahaNa nahIM kara sakatA; kyoMki nirvikalpaka to kevala svalakSaNako hI viSaya karatA hai ataH anyApoha rUpa vikalpAkArako vaha viSaya nahIM kara sktaa| isI taraha savikalpaka bhI donoMko viSaya nahIM kara sakatA; kyoMki vaha bAhya arthako viSaya nahIM 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 557-566 / prameyaka0 mA0, pR0 432-450 |
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________________ parokSapramANa 247 krtaa| ataH vaha svAkArameM bAhya arthakA athavA bAhya arthameM svAkArakA Aropa kaise kara sakatA hai ? ___ yadi zabda aura liMgase kevala apohakI pratIti hotI hai to saba zabda paryAyavAcI ho jAyeMge; kyoMki sabhI zabda kevala apohako kahate haiN| aura aisA honepara vizeSaNa-vizeSyakA bheda, atIta Adi kAlabheda, strI, puruSa, napuMsaka Adi liMgabheda, tathA ekavacana, dvivacana, bahuvacana Adi bheda durlabha ho jaayegaa| tathA liMga aura liMgImeM bhI koI bheda nahIM rahegA; kyoMki donoMkA artha kevala apoha hai| bauddha-apohake bhI bheda hote haiM, ataH ukta Apatti ThIka nahIM hai ? jaina-taba yaha batalAyeM ki apohake bheda kaise hote haiM ? apohyake bhedase apohake bheda hote haiM, athavA vAsanAke bhedase apohake bheda hote haiM, athavA bhinna sAmagrIse utpanna honeke kAraNa apohake bheda haiM, athavA vibhinna kArya karanese apohake bheda haiM, athavA Azrayake bhedase apohake bheda hote haiM, athavA svarUpa bhedase apohake bheda hote hai ? yadi apohya arthoMke bhedase apohake bheda mAnate haiM to 'sarva' 'prameya' Adi zabda ekArthavAcI ho jAyeMge; kyoMki sarvarAzise bhinna 'asarva' aura samasta prameya rAzise bhinna 'aprameya' to koI hai nahIM, jisake apohase sarva Adi siddha hoN| tathA aisI sthitimeM bauddha matameM prasiddha sattva aura kRtakatva hetu bhI kaise siddha hoMge; kyoMki bauddhamatAnusAra jagatmeM na to koI asat hai aura na koI akRtaka hai, jisake apohase sattva Adi hetu siddha hoM? ataH apohyake bhedase apohake bheda nahIM banate / vAsanAke bhedase bhI apohake bheda nahIM banate / anubhavabheda honese hI vAsanAbheda hotA hai| kintu jaba apoha ekarUpa hai to anubhavameM bheda kaise ho sakatA hai ? bhinna-bhinna sAmagrose utpanna hone ke kAraNa bhI apohameM bheda nahIM ho sakate; kyoMki apoha to kAlpanika hai ataH sAmagrIvizeSase usakI utpatti hI nahIM banatI; kyoMki jo kAlpanika hai vaha kisIse utpanna nahIM hotaa| aura yadi apoha sAmagrI vizeSase utpanna hotA hai to vaha kalpita nahIM ho sktaa| isIse vibhinna kArya karaneke kAraNa apohake bheda mAnanekA bhI khaNDana ho jAtA hai; kyoMki jo vAstavika sat nahIM hai vaha vibhinna kArya nahIM kara sakatA, jaise AkAzapuSpa / aura yadi apoha aneka kArya karatA hai to use vAstavika sat mAnanA hogaa| isI taraha Azrayabheda aura svarUpabhedase apohameM bheda nahIM banatA; kyoMki jo avasturUpa hai usakA na koI Azraya hotA hai aura na koI svarUpa hotA hai|
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________________ 249 jaina nyAya phira bhI yadi zabda svarUpabhedase bhinna apohakA kathana karatA hai, aisA hI ApakA mantavya hai to vaha apoha paryudAsa rUpa hai athavA prasajya rUpa hai ? yadi paryudAsa rUpa hai to use bhAvAntara svarUpa hI mAnanA caahie| vaha bhAvAntara, vizeSa hai athavA sAmAnya hai athavA sAmAnyase upalakSita vizeSa hai, athavA sAmAnya aura vizeSakA samudAya hai ? cAroM hI pakSoMmeM zabdakA artha vidhi ho siddha hotA hai, apoha nhiiN| yadi zabda svarUpabhedase bhinna prasajya rUpa apohako kahatA hai to zabdakA artha kevala niSedha hI huA khlaayaa| kintu yaha ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki aisI pratIti nahIM hotii| dUsareko samajhAne ke lie hI zabdakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| aura dUsarA 'nIla' ko jAnanA cAhatA hai, na ki kevala anIlake niSedha maatrko| yadi samajhAnevAlA jijJAsAke pratikUla arthakA kathana karatA hai to vaha buddhimAn siddha nahIM hotA / tathA yadi zabda niSedha mAtrako kahatA hai to 'nIla' aura 'kamala' zabdakA sAmAnAdhikaraNya nahIM banatA; kyoMki nIlazabda kevala anIlakA niSedha kahatA hai aura 'kamala' zabda akamalakA niSedha mAtra kahatA hai| ye donoM niSedha ekadharmImeM sambaddha nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki bhAvarUpa dharmI aura abhAvarUpa anIla aura akamalakA tAdAtmya Adi sambandha asambhava hai| tathA ina donoM zabdoMkA viSaya ekadharmI bhI nahIM hai / 'anindriya' 'anudarA' Adi jina zabdoMmeM 'na' lagA rahatA hai unhIMkA paryudAsarUpa athavA prasajyarUpa artha hotA hai / kintu 'go' isameM to 'nam' nahIM hai taba 'ago' kA paryudAsa karake gauzabdakI pravRtti kaise ho sakatI hai ? gokA artha to vidhirUpase hI pratIta hotA hai| ataH sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka vastu hI zabdakA viSaya mAnanA caahie| pratItikA apalApa karanA ucita nahIM hai| vAcya aura vAcakakA sambandha tarka. pramANase pratIta hotA hai, sarvatra sambandhako pratIti usIke dvArA hotI hai / bauddha-atIta aura anAgata arthake vAcaka zabda arthaka abhAvameM bhI dekhe jAte hai; taba zabdoMkA arthake sAtha pratibandha kase siddha ho sakatA hai ? jaina-hama sabhI zabdoMko arthakA avinAbhAvI nahIM mAnate; kintu Aptake dvArA kahe hue sunizcita zabdoMko hI arthakA avinAbhAvI mAnate haiN| kucha zabda arthake vyabhicArI dekhe jAte haiM, isalie saba zabdoMko arthakA vyabhicArI mAna lenA ucita nahIM hai, anyathA marIcikAmeM honevAlA jalajJAna jhUThA hotA hai, isalie satya jalake jJAnako bhI jhUThA mAnanA hogaa| ata: jaise pratyakSa kA viSaya paramArtha hai vaise hI zabdakA viSaya bhI paramArtha hai| donoMmeM koI bheda nahIM hai| isalie 'indriya pratyakSakA viSaya bhinna hai aura zabdakA viSaya bhinna hai' aisA
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________________ parokSapramANa kahanA ucita nahIM hai / kAraNasAmagrIkA bheda honese eka hI artha meM bhinna-bhinna pratibhAsakA honA dekhA jAtA hai / jaise eka hI vRkSakA pratibhAsa dUra dezavartI aura nikaTa dezavartI manuSyoM ko vibhinna rUpase hotA hai vaise hI zabdajJAna aura pratyakSajJAnakA viSaya eka hote hue bhI zabda aura indriya Adi rUpa sAmagrIkA bheda honese zAbdajJAna aspaSTa hotA hai aura pratyakSajJAna spaSTa hotA hai / ataH andheko aura A~khoMvAle manuSyako eka hI viSayakA bhinna pratibhAsa hotA hai / 'vAcyavAcakabhAva kAryakAraNa bhAvase bhinna nahIM hai' yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai / kyoMki bauddhoM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra zabdoccAraNake pazcAt zrotAkI buddhimeM jo pratibimba hotA hai, cU~ki vaha zabdajanya hai, ataH vaha vAcya hai aura zabda usakA janaka honese vAcaka hai / yadi kAryakAraNa bhAva aura vAcyavAcaka bhAva eka hI hai to zrotrajJAnameM pratibhAsamAna zabda apane pratibhAsakA kAraNa hotA hai ataH zabda apane pratibhAsakA bhI vAcaka ho jAyegA / tathA jaise zabda vikalpakA kAraNa hai vaise hI paramparAse svalakSaNa bhI usakA kAraNa hai, ataH kAraNa honese svalakSaNa bhI vAcaka ho jAyegA / ataH bauddhoM kA anyApohavAda samucita pratIta nahIM hotA / 249 9 zabdArtha ke viSaya meM mImAMsakakA pUrvapakSa -mImAMsaka kA kahanA hai ki zabdoM kA viSaya sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka vastu nahIM hai, kintu sAmAnya mAtra hI haiM / kisI eka vyaktimeM usa sAmAnyako jAnakara usake dvArA sarvatra saMketa kiyA jA sakatA hai / kintu vizeSa zabdakA viSaya nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki vizeSa athavA vyakti to ananta haiM, una sabako pUrI tarahase grahaNa karanA zakya nahIM hai | ataH una sabameM saMketa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / yadi jitane vizeSoMkI upalabdhi ho utane meM hI saMketa grahaNa mAnA jAyegA to anya vyaktiyoMmeM saMketa grahaNa na honese zAbdavyavahAra nahIM bana sakatA / tathA jo asarvajJa hai vaha kramase athavA yugapat samasta vizeSoM ( vyaktiyoM ) ko viSaya nahIM kara sakatA, anyathA vaha asarvajJa nahIM kahA jAyegA / rahA sarvajJa, so vaha to vivAdagrasta hai / aura saba vizeSa vyaktiyoM ko grahaNa kiye binA 'yaha isakA vAcaka hai aura yaha vAcya hai' isa prakAra vAcya vAcaka sambandhakA niyamarUpa saMketa sambhava nahIM hai / aura usake abhAva meM zabda sunane se arthakA jJAna nahIM hogA / tathA aisA honese zAbdavyavahArakA uccheda ho jAyegA / ataH zAbdavyavahArako jo mAnatA hai use sAmAnya mAtra meM ho saMketa grahaNa mAnanA caahie| isa lie sAmAnya hI zabdArtha hai / 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 566 / mI0 zlo0, AkRti0, zlo0 3-4,18, 63 / tantravA0 1 / 3 / 33 | zAstra dI0 1 / 3 / 35 / vAkyapa0 3 / 33 | 32
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________________ 250 jaina nyAya jo sAmAnyaviziSTa vizeSako athavA jAtiviziSTa vyaktiko zabdArtha mAnate haiM unase hamArA prazna hai ki zabda jAtiko kahakara vyaktiko kahatA hai athavA jAtikA kathana kiye binA hI vyaktiko kahatA hai ? yadi zabda jAtiko kahakara vyaktikA kathana karatA hai, to jAtirUpa vizeSaNako pratipatti meM hI usakI zakti kSINa ho jAnese vaha kabhI bhI vyaktirUpa vizeSyakA kathana nahIM kara skegaa| yadi zabda jAtiko binA kahe hI vyaktikA pratipAdana karatA hai to kevala vizeSa mAtrakA kathana karanese jAtimad vAcakatvakA abhAva hI ho jaayegaa| zAyada kahA jAye ki yadi zabda sAmAnya mAtrako hI kahatA hai, vizeSoM ( vyaktiyoM ) ko nahIM kahatA to zabdase prayojanArthI manuSyako pravRtti nahIM hogI, kyoMki zabdase kevala sAmAnya mAtrakI pratipatti hogI aura sAmAnya mAtrase prayojana siddha nahIM ho sktaa| kintu aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki sAmAnya. kI pratipatti honese vizeSoMkI bhI pratipatti hotI hai| pahale zabdase sAmAnya mAtrakI pratIti hotI hai| pIche sAmAnyakI pratIti honese lakSaNAke dvArA vyaktivizeSakI pratIti hotI hai| kyoMki sAmAnya vyaktike binA nahIM rahatA / tathA sAmAnyase lakSita vyakti-vizeSakI pratIti honese lakSita lakSaNAke dvArA prayojanavizeSakI pratIti hotI hai| jainoMkA uttarapakSa-jainoMkA kahanA hai ki sAmAnyamAtrako ho zabdakA viSaya mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| saMketake anusAra hI zabda vAcaka hotA hai / aura saMketa sAmAnyaviziSTa vizeSameM hI kiyA jAtA hai, na ki sAmAnyamAtrameM / kevala sAmAnya athavA jAti na to pravRttikA viSaya hai aura na vaha pAnI bharanA Adi kisI arthakriyAmeM hI upayogI hai, kyoMki gau, ghaTa Adi vyakti kAryakArI hai, gotva yA ghaTatva jAti kAryakArI nahIM hai / ata: kevala sAmAnyameM zAbdavyavahAra asambhava hai| aura isalie usameM saMketa grahaNa karanA vyartha hai / 'isa prakAra ke zabdase isa prakArakA artha samajhanA caahie| aura isa prakArake arthameM isa prakArakA zabdaprayoga karanA cAhie' saMketa karAnevAlA vyakti isa prakArase sadRza pariNAmase yukta vAcya-vAcakameM hI saMketa grahaNa karAtA hai| 'vyakti ananta haiM, una sabako grahaNa karanA zakya nahIM hai' ityAdi kathana bho samucita nahIM hai| jaise sAdhyarUpa vyakti aura sAdhanarUpa vyakti arthAt agni aura dhUma ananta hai phira bhI tarkapramANake dvArA una sabakA jJAna ho jAtA hai / 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 568 /
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________________ parokSapramANa 251 vaise hI sadRzapariNAmase yukta vAcya aura vAcakoMke ananta honepara bhI tarkapramANase una sabakA grahaNa sambhava hai| zabda aura arthake nitya sambandhakA niSedha karate samaya tathA apohakA khaNDana karate samaya isapara prakAza DAlA gayA hai / ata: 'jo asarvajJa hai vaha samasta vizeSa vyaktiyoMko eka sAtha jAnatA hai athavA kramase jAnatA hai' ityAdi kathana khaNDita ho jAtA hai; kyoMki tarkapramANake dvArA asarvajJa vyakti bhI samasta vizeSoMko grahaNa kara sakatA hai| tathA 'jAtiko kahakara zabda vyaktiko kahatA hai' ityAdi kathana bhI Thoka nahIM hai; eka hI sAtha eka hI jJAnameM jAti aura vyaktikA pratibhAsa sambhava hai / zAyada kahA jAye ki yadi jAti aura vyaktikA pratibhAsa eka hI jJAnameM eka sAtha hotA hai to usameM yaha niyama nahIM banegA ki jAti vizeSaNa hai aura vyakti vizeSya hai athavA vizeSaNa bhI vizeSya rUpa ho jaayegaa| kintu aisA kathana bhI ucita nahIM hai eka jJAnameM eka sAtha daNDa aura puruSakI pratIti honepara bhI 'daNDa hI vizeSaNa hai aura puruSa hI vizeSya hai' yaha niyama barAbara pratIta hotA hai / 'yaha puruSa DaNDA liye hue haiM isa prakArakI pratItikA nAma hI to vizeSaNavizeSya bhAvakI pratIti hai| tathA jaise cAse honevAle jJAnameM vizeSaNa-vizeSya bhAvase yukta daNDa aura puruSako eka sAtha pratIti honepara bhI vizeSaNa-vizeSya bhAvake niyamameM koI virodha nahIM AtA, vaise ho 'daNDa' isa zabdase honevAle jJAnameM bhI vizeSaNa-vizeSya bhAvase yukta daNDa aura puruSa donoMko eka sAtha pratIti hone para bhI vizeSaNa-vizeSyake niyamameM koI virodha nahIM AtA-daNDa vizeSaNa hI rahatA hai aura puruSa vizeSya hI hotA hai / ataH jaise 'daNDI' zabdase daNDa viziSTa puruSakI pratIti hoto hai vaise hI 'go' zabdase gotvaviziSTa gopiNDakI pratIti hotI hai| mImAMsaka-'go' zabdake sunanese 'kAlI' 'citakabarI' Adi vizeSoMkI pratIti nahIM hotI, ataH vizeSa zabdArtha nahIM hai| jaina-'go' zabdase kAlA Adi vizeSoMko pratIti nahIM honepara bhI gotvajAtiviziSTa galakambala tathA kakudavAle vyaktiko pratIti hotI hI hai| kAlA citakabarA Adi vizeSoMko pratIti 'kAlA' 'citakabarA' Adi zabdoMse hotI hai| kintu isase sAmAnya mAtra ho zabdArtha mAnanA ucita nahIM hai, goNatva aura pradhAnatAse jAti aura vyakti donoMkI pratoti hotI hai| 'goko lAo' ityAdi prayogoM meM sAmAnyaviziSTa vyaktike sAtha hI 'lAne' rUpa kriyAkA sambandha pratIta hotA hai| ataH sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka vastu ho zabdakA artha hai / pahale
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________________ jaina nyAya zabda vizeSaNako kahatA hai phira vizeSyako kahatA hai' isa prakAra zabdakA vyApAra nahIM hotA / zabda eka sAtha ho vizeSaNa aura vizeSyakA kathana karatA hai / tathA, yadi zabdase sAmAnyakI hI pratIti hotI hai to sAmAnyase vyaktikI pratIti honekA kyA kAraNa hai / 252 mImAMsaka - vyakti ke sAtha sAmAnyakA sambandha hai / ataH zabdase pratIta sAmAnyase lakSaNa ke dvArA vyaktiko pratIti hotI hai / jaina - to vyakti ke sAtha sAmAnyakA kyA sambandha hai ? saMyoga hai athavA samavAya hai, athavA tadutpatti sambandha hai, yA tAdAtmya sambandha hai ? saMyogasambandha to nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki saMyogasambandha dravyakA dravyake sAtha hI hotA hai, kintu sAmAnya dravya nahIM hai / samavAya sambandha bhI nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki mImAMsaka samavAya sambandha nahIM mAnate / isIlie sAmAnya aura vizeSa meM tadutpatti sambandha bhI nahIM hai; kyoMki ina donoMmeM kAryakAraNa bhAva nahIM hai / yadi donoMmeM tAdAtmya sambandha mAnate haiM taba to eka hI 'gau' zabdase sAmAnya- vizeSakI vizeSaNa - vizeSya rUpase eka sAtha pratoti honese kevala sAmAnyako hI zabdArtha mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / tathA zabdaprayoga ke samaya hI jAti aura vyaktike sambandhakI pratIti hotI hai, athavA pahale / prathama pakSa ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki zabdoccAraNake kAlameM vyaktikI pratIti nahIM hotI, yadi hotI hai to phira lakSaNAkI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? yadi zabdoccAraNa kAlase pahale jAti aura vyaktikA tAdAtmya sambandha pratIta huA hai to hove, kintu yaha isakA matalaba nahIM hai ki una donoMkA sarvatra sarvadA sambandha honA hI cAhie / yadi aisA mAnA jAyegA to kabhI kahIM para paTakA zuklarUpake sAtha tAdAtmya dekhanese sarvatra sarvadA unakA tAdAtmya bhAva mAnanA hogA / mImAMsaka - jAtikA yahI svarUpa hai ki vaha vyakti meM rahatI hai / jaina -- yadi vyakti meM rahanA hI jAtikA svarUpa hai to vaha jAti sarvavyApaka hai athavA vyaktimAtrameM vyApaka hai ? prathama pakSa to ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki jAtikA rUpa vyaktiniSTha hotA hai ataH vyaktiyoMke antarAlameM jAtikA abhAva mAnanA hogA kyoMki vahA~ vyaktike na honese jAtike svarUpakA abhAva hai| dUsare pakSa meM vyaktikI taraha jAti bhI aneka mAnanI hogI / aura taba jAti aura vyakti meM koI bheda na hone se yA to donoMko hI zabdArtha mAnanA hogA, athavA donoMmeM-se
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________________ parokSapramANa .. 253 kisoko bhI zabdArtha mata maano| tathA, go zabdase yadi kevala gotvakI pratIti hotI hai to 'go' zabdako sunakara kisI bhI vyaktimeM pravRtti nahIM banatI; kyoMki vyaktiko pratIti usase nahIM hotii| jisakI pratIti honepara bhI jo pratIta nahIM hotA, usako pratotise usameM pravRtti nahIM hogii| jaise jalakI pratIti honepara agniko pratIti nahIM hogii| ata: jalakI pratItise agnimeM pravRtti nahIM hotii| vaise hI go zabdase gotva mAtrako pratIti honepara bhI khaNDI, muNDI Adi vyaktivizeSoMkI pratoti nahIM hotii| ataH gozabdako sunakara unameM pravRtti nahIM ho sktii| yadi go zabdase pratIyamAna gotva govyaktise sambaddha hI pratIta hotA hai to phira sAmAnya ho zabdArtha nahIM siddha hotaa| kyoMki zabdase vizeSaNa-vizeSya bhAvase yukta sAmAnya aura vizeSako pratIti hotI hai / mImAMsaka-go zabdase sAkSAt pratIti to gotva sAmAnyakI hI hotI hai, kintu sAmAnya vyaktike binA nahIM rahatA, ataH usako anyathAnupatti se hI vyaktikI pratIti hotI hai| jaina-taba to jAti hI zabdArtha haA, kyoMki vyaktikI pratIti to arthApatti pramANase hotI hai| aisI sthiti meM lakSaNAke dvArA zabda vizeSakA pratipAdaka nahIM ho sktaa| mImAMsaka-yaha zabdakA hI Antarika kArya hai ki vaha sAmAnyako kahakara sAmAnyako pratipatti meM sahAyaka vyaktikA bhI lakSaNAke dvArA bodha karA detA hai / __ jaina-aisA kahanA samucita nahIM hai; kyoMki saMketake smaraNakI sahAyatAse jahA~ zabdakI pravRtti hotI hai vahIM usakA artha hai, kintu usa arthake avinAbhAvIke rUpameM jisa-jisako pramANAntarase pratIti hotI ho una sabako zabdake udarameM DAlanA ucita nahIM hai| yadi aisA kiyA jAyegA to pratyakSasiddha dhUmakI anyathAnupapattise jAnI gayo agniko bhI pratyakSa siddha mAnanA pdd'egaa| ataH jo pramANase vastuko vyavasthA karanA cAhate haiM unheM jo jisase jaise pratibhASita hotA hai use usakA viSaya mAnanA caahie| jaise cakSu Adise honevAle jJAnameM nIla Adi rUpase rUpakA pratibhAsa hotA hai ataH vahI usakA viSaya hai| usI taraha go Adi zabdoMse gau Adi vastukA pratibhAsa hotA hai| ata: vahI usa zabdakA viSaya hai, sAmAnya mAtra usakA viSaya nahIM hai|
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________________ jaina nyAya zabdako nitya mAnanevAle mImAMsakakA pUrvapakSa -mImAMsaka kA kahanA hai ki yadi zabdako anitya mAnA jAyegA to vaha utpanna hote hI naSTa ho jAyegA / aisI sthiti meM jisa zabda meM saMketa grahaNa kiyA hai vaha zabda vyavahArakAlameM nahIM raha sakegA / aura aisA honese zabda arthakA pratipAdaka nahIM ho sakegA / isake viparIta zabdako nitya mAnanepara jo zabda saMketakAlameM hai vahI vyavahArakAlameM bhI banA rahegA / ataH vaha arthakA pratipAdana kara sakegA / 254 pramANase bhI zabdakI nityatA hI siddha hotI hai / 'vahI yaha 'ga' hai' ityAdi pratyabhijJA' nAmaka pratyakSase zabdoMkI nityatAko pratoti hotI hai / yaha pratyabhijJAna na to ajJAna rUpa hai, kyoMki pratyeka prANIko 'yaha vahI zabda hai' isa prakArakA pratyabhijJAna hotA hai, na saMzayarUpa hI hai; kyoMki jo jJAna dolAyamAna hotA hai use saMzaya kahate haiM / kintu yaha jJAna to eka aMzako hI viSaya karatA hai / na yaha mithyAjJAna hI hai / jo jJAna bAdhita hotA hai vahI mithyA hotA hai / jaise sIpameM honevAlA cA~dIkA jJAna / kintu yaha jJAna to nirbAdha hai / zrotrendriya se hI 'yaha vahI 'ga' hai' yaha jJAna utpanna hotA hai / ataH yaha pratyakSa hI hai / zAyada kahA jAye ki yaha jJAna smaraNapUrvaka hotA hai isalie pratyakSa nahIM hai / kintu aisA kahanA yukta nahIM hai| yadyapi yaha jJAna smaraNapUrvaka hI hotA hai phira bhI indriya aura arthakA sambandha honepara hI hotA hai / isalie yaha pratyakSa hI hai / isa prakAra pratyabhijJAnase zabda ke nitya siddha honepara zabdakA uccAraNa usakA janaka nahIM hai, kintu abhivyaMjaka hai / arthAt uccAraNa karanese pUrvaM vidyamAna zabda vyakta ho jAtA hai / ataH usake AdhArapara hama yaha anumAna kara sakate haiM - pUrvakAla meM bhI zabdakA uccAraNa usakA abhivyaMjaka thA, uccAraNa honese / jo-jo uccAraNa hotA hai, vaha vaha zabdakA vyaMjaka hotA hai / jaise isa kAlameM kiyA jAnevAlA uccAraNa / pUrvakAlakA uccAraNa bhI cU~ki uccAraNa hai, ataH vaha bhI zabdakA vyaMjaka hI thA / tathA vivAdagrasta kAlameM bhI yahI gakAra Adi the, kyoMki vaha bhI kAla hai, jaise vartamAnakAla | ataH anumAna pramANase bhI zabdakI nityatA siddha hotI hai / tathA kyoMki zravaNendriyakA viSaya hai / jo-jo zravaNendriyakA viSaya 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 667 / mI0 zlo0, zabdani0, zlo0 3 / 2. zAvara bhA0 111 / 20 vRhatI0 1|1|18 / mI0 zlo0 zabdA0 zlo0 33 / zabda nitya hai; hotA hai vaha vaha
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________________ parokSapramANa 255 nitya hotA hai, jaise zabdatva / usI tarahase zabda bhI zravaNendriyakA viSaya hai| ataH nitya hai| tathA, vibhinna dezoM aura vibhinna kAloMmeM jo go zabda, go vyakti aura gotva buddhiyAM haiM ve saba eka hI go zabdake viSaya haiM; kyoMki 'gau' isa rUpase utpanna hote haiM / jaise Ajakalako utpanna go zabda buddhi / jo gau zabda kala thA vahI Aja bhI hai; kyoMki 'go' isa rUpase hI vaha jAnA jAtA hai, jaise AjakA uccArita go zabda / athavA AjakA go zabda kala bhI thA kyoMki 'go' isa rUpase hI vaha jAnA jAtA hai, jaise kalakA uccArita gau zabda / tathA vAcaka zabda nitya hai; kyoMki vaha vAcya-vAcakarUpa sambandhake balase hI arthakA jJAna karAtA hai| jo anitya hotA hai vaha sambandhake balase arthakA jJAna nahIM karAtA jaise dIpaka athavA bijalIkA prakAza / ___ arthApatti pramANase bhI zabdakI nityatA siddha hai| zabda nitya hai yadi vaha nitya na hotA to usase arthakA bodha nahIM hotaa| jisa zabdakA arthake sAtha sambandha jAna liyA jAtA hai usI zabdase arthakA bodha hotA hai, anyathA nahIM hotaa| zabdake anitya honepara gRhIta sambandhakI anuvRtti uttarakAlameM nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki usI samaya usakA vinAza ho jAtA hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki 'ga', 'ga', 'ka', 'ka' Adi zabda samAna hote haiM / ataH samAna honese anitya honepara bhI zabda arthako pratipatti hetu ho sakatA hai, isalie arthApatti pramANase zabdakI nityatA siddha nahIM hotii| kintu aisA kahanA yukta nahIM hai; kyoMki vicAra karanepara zabdoMkI samAnatA nahIM banato, ataH samAnatAkI vajahase zabda arthako pratipatti meM hetu nahIM ho sktaa| isalie zabdako nitya hI mAnanA caahie| uttarapakSa-zabda anitya hai jainoMkA kahanA hai ki 'yaha vahI gakAra hai' isa pratyabhijJAnake dvArA zabdako nitya siddha karanA avicArapUrNa hai| yaha pratyabhijJAna sAdRzyamUlaka hai, ataH 1. mo0 zlo0, zabdani0, zlo0 418-421 / 2. zAbarabhA0 1 / 1 / 18 / 3. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 703-720 / prameyaka0, mA0 pR0 406-427 /
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________________ jaina nyAya 256 usase gakArakA ekatva siddha nahIM athavA kaTa jAneke pazcAt punaH ityAdi pratyabhijJAnoMse dIpaka aura nakhoMkA ekatva siddha ho sakatA hai ? kiyA jA sktaa| utpanna hue nakhoMmeM mImAM0- dIpakake kAraNa tela AdikA uttarottara kSaya dekhA jAtA hai, ataH isalie dIpaka eka dIpaka AdikA kSaNa-kSaNa meM anya anya honA prasiddha hI hai, nahIM ho sakatA, kintu zabda meM aisI bAta nahIM hai / kyA 'yaha vahI dIpaka hai' 'yaha vahI purAnA nakha hai' jaina - zabda ke kAraNa tAlu AdikA saMyoga vibhAga vagairahakA bhI uttarottara kSaya dekhA jAtA hai, ataH zabda bhI pratisamaya anya anya hotA hai, isalie zabda eka nahIM hai / mImAM0- tAlu AdikA saMyoga aura vibhAga zabdako vyakta karanevAlI vAyuko utpanna karatA hai zabdako nahIM ? jaina-to, battI, tela aura Agake kintu dIpakako vyakta karanevAlI vAyu donoM meM koI antara nahIM hai / saMyogase bhI dIpaka utpanna nahIM hotA, utpanna hotI hai, yaha bhI mAna lIjie / ataH pratyabhijJAnase zabdakI nityatA siddha nahIM hotii| kyoMki pratyakSa se hama zabdako naSTa hote aura utpanna hote dekhate haiM / pratyeka prANIko indriya vyApAra ke pazcAt hI yaha pratIti hotI hai ki utpanna huA zabda naSTa ho gayA / zAyada kahA jAye ki yaha pratIti ukta pratyabhijJAnase bAdhita kyoM nahIM hai ? hama Upara kaha Aye haiM 'yaha vahI zabda haiM' yaha pratyabhijJAna sAdRzyamUlaka honese mithyA hai / ata: vaha zabdako nitya siddha nahIM kara sktaa| yadi zabda nitya hai to uccAraNase pahale usakA anupalambha kyoM hotA hai ? indriyakA abhAva honese, athavA zabda ke nikaTa na honese, athavA zabda ke AvRta ( DhakA huA ) honese ? pahalA pakSa ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki uccAraNake pazcAt zabdakI upalabdhi hotI hai / yadi indriyakA abhAva honese zabdakI anupalabdhi hotI to uccAraNake pazcAt bhI zabdakA jJAna nahIM honA cAhie thA / zAyada kahA jAye ki uccAraNase pahale zabdakI grAhaka zrotra indriya nahIM thI, uccAraNake samaya hI zabdake sAtha indriya utpanna ho jAtI hai, kintu yaha bAta to pratItiviruddha hai / dUsarA pakSa bhI nitya aura vyApaka hai to vaha sarvatra hI pAyA ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki jaba zabda nitya aura eka svabhAva hai to vaha AvRta nahIM ho sakatA / dRzya svabhAvako chor3akara adRzya svabhAvako svIkAra kiye binA zabdakA ThIka nahIM hai; jAnA caahie| kyoMki jaba zabda tIsarA pakSa bhI
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________________ parokSapramANa 257 AvRta honA nahIM bana sakatA / aura aisA mAnane se zabda nityaikasvabhAva nahIM rahatA, tathA jaise dopakake vyApArase pahale sparzana pratyakSase andhakAra meM ghaTakA astitva siddha hai, vaise hI vyaMjakake vyApArase pahale yadi kisI pramANase zabdakA astitva siddha ho to zabdakA AvRta honA siddha ho sakatA hai, kintu vyaMjaka ke vyApAra se pahale kisI pramANase zabdakA sadbhAva siddha nahIM hotA / thor3I dera ke lie zabdoMkA AvaraNa mAna bhI liyA jAye to vaha AvaraNa dRzya hai athavA adRzya hai, nitya hai athavA anitya hai, vyApaka hai athavA avyApaka haiM, eka hai athavA aneka hai ? vaha AvaraNa dRzya nahIM hai; kyoMki pratyakSa pramANase usakI pratIti nahIM hotI / yadi hotI to phira usameM kisoko koI vivAda hI na hotA / yadi AvaraNa adRzya hai to usakA astitva kaise svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ? mImAM0- nitya sat zabdake uccAraNase pahale anupalabdha honemeM aura koI kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA / isalie adRzya hote hue bhI AvaraNako hI usakA kAraNa mAnanA par3atA hai / jaina - isameM to anyonyAzraya nAmakA doSa AtA haiM-zabdakA AvaraNa siddha honepara nitya sat zabdako uccAraNase pahale anupalabdhi siddha hoto haiM / aura usake siddha honepara AvaraNakI siddhi hotI hai / yadi AvaraNa nitya hai to zabdakI upalabdhi kabhI bhI nahIM ho skegii| yadi AvaraNa anitya hai to eka bAra usake naSTa ho jAnepara punaH usake utpanna hone kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai / ataH sadA sabako zabdako upalabdhikA prasaMga AtA hai / AvaraNakA vyApaka honA to sambhava hI nahIM hai; kyoMki AvaraNa rUpase mAnI gayo vAyu avyApaka hai / yadi AvAraka vAyuko vyApaka mAnA jAyegA to AvArya zabda aura AvAraka vAyu, donoMke hI vyApaka honese kauna kisakA AvAraka hogA ? tathA, yadi saba zabdoMkA eka hI AvaraNa hai to eka zabdakI upalabdhi honepara saba zabdoMkI upalabdhikA prasaMga AtA hai; kyoMki vivakSita zabda ke AvaraNakA vinAza honepara eka zabdakI taraha sabhI zabda nirAvaraNa ho jAyeMge / yadi AvaraNakA vinAza honepara saba zabdoMkI upalabdhi nahIM hotI to vivakSita zabdakI bhI upalabdhi nahIM honI caahie| saba zabdoMke vibhinna AvaraNa mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki vyApaka honese jaba saba zabdoMkA eka hI deza hai aura eka hI indriyase sabakA grahaNa hotA hai to AvaraNabheda aura vyaMjakabheda nahIM banatA / 33
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________________ 258 jaina nyAya tathA zabdakI vyaMjaka dhvani kisa pramANase siddha hai ? mImAM0-arthApatti pramANase dhvaniyoMko pratIti isa prakAra hotI hai-zabda nitya hai, isalie vaha utpanna nahIM hotaa| kevala saMskAra hI kiyA jAtA hai / yadi dhvaniyA~ na hotI to yaha viziSTa saMskAra na hotaa| ataH vyaMjaka dhvanikA astitva siddha hai| jaina-mImAMsakoMne tIna prakArakA saMskAra mAnA hai-zabdasaMskAra, indriyasaMskAra aura ubhayasaMskAra / prathama pakSameM zabdasaMskArase ApakA kyA Azaya hai ? zabdako upalabdhi, athavA zabdameM kisI atizayakA dekhA jAnA athavA zabdake svarUpakI paripuSTi honA, athavA vyaMjakoMkA nikaTa honA, athavA AvaraNakA haTa jaanaa| yadi zabdakI upalabdhikA nAma saMskAra hai to usase dhvanikA astitva kaise jAnA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki zabdako upalabdhi to zabda aura zrotrake honepara hotI hai| dUsare pakSameM vaha atizaya zabdase bhinna kiyA jAtA hai athavA abhinna kiyA jAtA hai ? yadi vaha atizaya zabdase bhinna hai to zabdameM kucha bhI nahIM huA khlaayaa| ataH atizayake honepara bhI zabda sunAI nahIM degA / yadi atizaya zabdase abhinna hai to atizayako taraha zabda bhI utpanna huA khlaayegaa| aura aisA honepara zabda anitya tthhregaa| tathA, ye dhvaniyA~ zrotra dezameM hI zabdakA saMskAra karatI haiM athavA sarvatra ? prathama pakSameM zabda vyApaka nahIM ThaharA / tathA zrotra dezameM zabdako dRzya aura anya dezameM adRzya mAnanese zabdakI niraMzatAkA ghAta hotA hai| zabdake svarUpakI puSTirUpa saMskAra bhI nahIM banatA; kyoMki nitya zabdake svabhAvako badalA nahIM jA sktaa| vyaMjakoMko nikaTatA rUpa saMskAra bhI Thoka nahIM hai| kyoMki phira to sarvatra sarvadA saba loga saba zabdoMko suna skeNge| Ava. raNakA haTa jAnA rUpa saMskAra mAnanepara bhI eka sAtha saba zabdoMkI upalabdhikA 'prasaMga AtA hai, ataH zabdasaMskAra rUpa abhivyakti to ThIka nahIM hai| __indriyasaMskAra rUpa abhivyakti bhI vicArapUrNa nahIM hai; kyoMki zrotrakA "eka bAra saMskAra honepara eka sAtha samasta zabdoMko grahaNa karanekA prasaMga AtA hai| balA nAmakI auSadhike telase saMskArita kAna kinhoM zabdoMko sune aura kinhIMko na sune, aisA nahIM dekhA jaataa| zabda aura zrotra donoMke saMskArako abhivyakti mAnanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki donoM pakSoMmeM jo doSa diye haiM ve saba doSa isa pakSameM Ate haiM / ataH zabdako nitya aura ekarUpa mAnanepara AvArya-AvArakapanA aura vyaMgya-vyaMjakapanA nahIM bntaa| isalie uccAraNase pahale zabdakI anupalabdhikA kAraNa AvaraNa nahIM hai| kintu tAla
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________________ parokSapramANa 259 Adike vyApArake pazcAt zabdako upalabdhi aura tAlu Adike vyApArake abhAvameM zabdakI anupalabdhi dekhanese yahI mAnanA par3atA hai ki zabda tAlu Adike vyApAra. se utpanna hotA hai| ____ ataH pahale jo yaha kahA hai-'vivAdagrasta kAlameM bhI yahI gakAra Adi the' vaha Thoka nahIM hai; kyoMki uccAraNake pazcAt gakAra AdikA vinAza pratyakSase dekhA jAtA hai| ataH kAlAntarameM uccAraNake pazcAt bhI gakAra AdikA sadbhAva "siddha karanevAlA anumAna pratyakSase bAdhita hone ke kAraNa gamaka nahIM ho sktaa| isa taraha to bijalI vagairahako bhI nitya siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| kahA jA sakatA hai-vivAdagrasta kAlameM bhI bijalo thI; kyoMki vaha bho kAla hai, jaise bijalose sambaddha kAla / yadi bijaloko nitya siddha karanA pratItiviruddha hai to zabdako bhI nitya siddha karanA pratotiviruddha hai| isalie 'zabda nitya hai kyoMki zravaNendriyakA viSaya hai' ityAdi kathana bhI ayukta hai| tathA dhvanike udAtta Adi dharmoMse hetu vyabhicArI bhI hai; kyoMki dhvanike dharma udAtta Adiko zravaNendriyake viSaya honepara bhI mImAMsakoMne anitya mAnA hai| yadi ve udAtta Adi dharma zravaNendriyake viSaya nahIM haiM to zrotrake dvArA zabdagata dharma rUpase unako upalabdhi nahIM honI caahie| tathA jo yaha kahA hai-'vibhinna dezoM aura vibhinna kAloMmeM jo gozabda Adi pAye jAte haiM ve saba eka hI gozabdake viSaya haiM' vaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki lipirUpa gozabda buddhise isameM vyabhicAra AtA hai / vaha bhI 'go' isa ullekhapUrvaka utpanna hotI hai, kintu usakA viSaya eka hI gozabda nahIM hai; kyoMki lipirUpa gozabda dezabheda aura kAlabhedase bhinna hotA hai| tathA jo yaha kahA hai-'jo gozabda kala thA vahI Aja bhI hai' yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki kalake aura Ajake go zabdakI bhinnatA pratyakSasiddha hai| anyathA kalakI aura Ajako bijalIke prakAzako bhI eka mAnanA hogaa| kaha sakate haiM ki kalavAlA bijalokA prakAza hI Aja bhI hai; kyoMki bijalIkA prakAza hai / yadi pratyakSase bijalIkA prakAza tIvra, tIvratara Adi rUpase vibhinna svabhAvavAlA pratIta hotA hai isalie usakA aikya siddha karanevAlA anumAna Thoka nahIM hai to zrotra pratyakSameM gozabda bhI tIvra Adi dharmose yukta hI pratIta hotA hai ataH usako bhI eka siddha karanA ThIka nahIM haiN| yadi zabdameM totra Adi dharma aupAdhika hai to bijalIke prakAzameM ve aupAdhika kyoM nahIM hai ? zAyada kahA jAye ki tIvra, tIvratara Adi dharmose zUnya zuddha bijalIkA jJAna kabhI bhI nahIM hotA ataH vijalo meM tInnAdi dharma aupAdhika nahIM haiM to tobAdi dharmoMse zUnya
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________________ 260 jaina nyAya zuddha zabdakI pratIti svapnameM bhI nahIM hotii| ataH zabdako bhI aneka ho mAnanA caahie| tathA jo yaha kahA hai-'zabda nitya hai anyathA usase arthakA bodha nahIM ho sktaa|' yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai, jaise dhUma vagairaha anitya haiM phira bhI sadRzatAkI vajahase anitya dhUmase bhI sarvatra agnikA jJAna hotA dekhA jAtA hai vaise hI zabdake anitya honepara bhI usase arthakA jJAna ho sakatA hai| saMketa kAlameM jisa dhUmako dekhA thA sarvatra usI dhUmase agnikA jJAna hotA hai' aisA to niyama nahIM hai| rasoIgharameM dekhe hue dhUmake sadRza parvatake dhUmase bhI agnikA jJAna hotA hai| rasoIghara aura parvatake dhUma eka nahIM haiM / ataH jaise dhUma sAmAnyase agnikA jJAna hotA hai vaise hI zabda sAmAnya arthakA vAcaka hotA hai / ata: cUMki anitya zabdase bhI arthakA jJAna ho sakatA hai isalie use nitya mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai / ataH zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha kArya hai / tathA zabda kArya hai; kyoMki kAraNoMke hone. para utpanna hotA hai aura kAraNoMke abhAvameM utpanna nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra jaba varNa pauruSeya (puruSake prayatnase utpanna ) siddha ho gaye to pada aura vAkya bhI svayaM hI pauruSeya siddha ho jAte haiN| kyoMki varSoM ke hI samudAyakA nAma pada aura padoMke samudAyakA nAma vAkya hai| vedako apauruSeya mAnanevAle mImAMsakoMkA pUrvapakSa--mImAMsakakA kahanA hai ki laukika zabda bhale hI pauruSeya hoM, kintu vaidika zabda pauruSeya nahIM haiM; kyoMki veda apauruSeya hai, vaha kisI puruSakA banAyA huA nahIM hai / yaha bAta anumAna pramANase siddha hai / anumAna isa prakAra hai- veda apauruSeya hai; kyoMki smaraNa yogya hote hue bhI usake kartAkA smaraNa nahIM hai| jaise AkAza / yaha hetu asiddha nahIM hai; kyoMki vedake kartAkA kabhI bhI kisIko smaraNa nahIM hotaa| yadi koI vedakA kartA hotA to vedArthakA anuSThAna karate samaya anuSThAtA loga usake prAmANyako siddha karaneke lie kartAkA smaraNa avazya karate; kyoMki jo loga jisa arthakA anuSThAna karate haiM ve avazya hI usa zAstrake kartAkA smaraNa karate haiN| kintu vedavihita agniSToma Adi yajJoMmeM, jo bahata dhanavyaya tathA parizramasAdhya haiM, tathA jinakA phala bhI adRSTa hai, buddhimAn loga niHsaMzaya pravatta hote haiM / yadi unako vedakI satyatAkA nizcaya na hotA to ve usameM isa tarahase kabhI bhI pravRtta na hote aura yaha bAta usake upadeSTAke smaraNake abhAva meM ghaTita nahIM hotii| jaise loga apane pitA AdikA smaraNa karake, ki hamAre pitAne aisA karaneko kahA thA unake dvArA upadiSTa karmameM pravRta hote haiM, isI 1. nyA0 ku. ca0, 10 721 / zAvarabhA0 11915 / bRhatI0 pR0 177 /
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________________ parokSapramANa taraha vaidika karmokA anuSThAna karate samaya bhI kartAkA smaraNa honA cAhie / kintu vedArthakA anuSThAna karAnevAle pradhAna vaNikoMko bho vedake kartAkA smaraNa nahIM hai| ataH nizcita hai ki vedakA koI kartA nahIM hai|| zAyada koI kaheM ki veda eka racanA hai, ataH mahAbhAratakI taraha usakA bhI koI kartA honA cAhie; kintu aisA kahanA Thoka nahIM hai; kyoMki kartRka racanAoMse vedako racanA vilakSaNa hai| kevala racanAmAtra dekhakara kartAkA anu. mAna karanA ucita nahIM hai, anyathA kisI buddhimAnko jagatkA racayitA bhI mAnanA pdd'egaa| isalie racanA mAtrase vedameM kartAko AzaMkA karanA anucita hai| ataH vedakI racanA apauruSeya hai; kyoMki kartAko racanAoMse usameM vilakSaNatA pAyI jAtI hai| . vedakA adhyayana guruse adhyayanapUrvaka hI hotA AyA hai; kyoMki use vedAdhyayana kahate haiM, jaise AjakalakA adhyayana / tathA atIta aura anAgata kAla bho vedake kartAse rahita haiM; kyoMki ve kAla haiM, jaise vartamAna kAla / ina donoM anumAnoMse bhI veda apauruSeya siddha hai| zAyada koI kaheM ki kisI Apta puruSake dvArA racA gayA na honese veda pramANa kaise haiM ? to hamArA kahanA hai ki apauruSeya honese ho veda pramANa haiM; kyoMki puruSake doSoMke kAraNa hI vacana apramANa hotA hai| zaMkA-Apta puruSake guNoMke kAraNa hI zabdameM prAmANya ( sacAI ) AtA hai| aura veda Aptake dvArA racita nahIM hai / ataH vaha pramANa nahIM hai ? uttara-Apta puruSake guNoMke kAraNa zabdameM prAmANya nahIM AtA / Apta puruSa zabdoMkA kevala uccAraNa karatA hai| aura zabda apanI mahimAse hI arthakA saccA jJAna karAtA hai / ata: vaha svataH pramANa hai / zaMkA-taba to anApta puruSa bho zabdoMkA kevala uccAraNa hI karatA hai| aura zabda apanI mahimAse hI asatya jJAna karAtA hai ata: vaha svataH apramANa kyoM nahIM hai ? uttara-nahIM; kyoMki anApta racita honA Adi doSoMkA aprAmANyakI utpatti karaneke sivAya dUsarA koI kAma nahIM hai / aura Apta racita honA Adi guNoMkA kAma to kevala doSoMko dUra karanA mAtra hai| ataH prAmANya svataH aura aprAmANya parataH utpanna hotA hai / zaMkA-jaba veda Apta racita bhI nahIM hai aura anApta racita bhI nahIM hai to na vaha pramANa hI kahA jAyegA aura na apramANa ho kahA jAyegA ? 1mI0 zlo0 vAkyASi0, zlo0 366 / zAstradI0, pR0 617 / /
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________________ jaina nyAya uttara- jisa vacanakI padaracanA puruSakRta hotI hai usakA prAmANya athavA aprAmANya puruSakI pramANatA athavA apramANatApara nirbhara hai / kintu vedakI racanA to nitya hai vaha apanI sAmarthya se hI apane arthakA jJAna karAne meM samartha hai| ata: usakA prAmANya puruSake prAmANya para nirbhara nahIM hai / ataH nitya veda svataH hI pramANa hai / 162 uttarapakSa - vedake apauruSeyatvakI samIkSA - jainoMkA kahanA hai ki 'veda apauruSeya hai; kyoMki smaraNa yogya hote hue bhI usake kartAkA smaraNa nahIM hotA, ityAdi kathana samIcIna nahIM hai; kyoMki kartAkA smaraNa nahIM honekA Azaya yadi 'kartA ke smaraNakA abhAva hai to hetu vyadhikaraNAsiddha ThaharatA hai arthAt sAdhya bhinna adhikaraNameM rahatA hai aura hetu bhinna adhikaraNameM rahatA hai; kyoMki kartAke smaraNakA abhAva to AtmA meM rahatA hai aura sAdhya apauruSeyatva vedameM rahatA hai / tathA hetu ajJAtasiddha bhI hai; kyoMki usakA grAhaka koI pramANa nahIM hai / kartAka smaraNakA abhAva pratyakSakA to viSaya nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki pratyakSa to niyata rUpAdiko hI jAna sakatA hai, abhAvako nahIM jAna sakatA / yadi pratyakSa abhAvako bhI jAna legA to momAMsakoM ke abhAva pramANakI kalpanA nirarthaka hI ho jAyegI / yadi abhAvapramANa 'kartA ke smaraNake abhAva ko jAnatA hai to mImAMsakake matAnusAra abhAvapramANako pravRttike lie sabase prathama niSedhya kartRsmaraNa ke abhAvakA AdhArabhUta vastukA grahaNa honA jarUrI hai / ataH yaha batalAie ki kartAke smaraNake abhAvakA AdhAra kauna hai svAtmA athavA sAre pramAtA ( jAnanevAle ) ? yadi svAtmA hai to 'merI AtmAmeM vedake kartAkA smaraNa nahIM hai' kyA itane se hI kartA smaraNakA abhAva siddha ho jAyegA ? aneka padArthoMkA smaraNa merI AtmAmeM nahIM hai, kintu isase una sabakA abhAva siddha nahIM hotA / yadi kartAke smaraNake abhAvakA AdhAra sAre pramAtA jana haiM to 'tInoM lokoMke pramAtA gaNa vedakartAkA smaraNa nahIM karate' yaha bAta asarvajJa vyakti nahIM jAna sakatA aura yadi koI jAnatA hai to sarvajJatAkA prasaMga AtA hai / tathA saba dezoM meM jAkara aura vahA~ke pramAtAoMse pUchakara una saba dezoM meM kartAke smaraNakA abhAva jAnA jAtA hai, yA binA vahA~ jAye hI ? binA vahA~ jAye hI kartAke smaraNakA abhAva jAna lenA to mImAMsaka matake viruddha hai; kyoMki mImAMsAzlokavArtika ( arthA, zlo0 37) meM kahA hai ki 'una-una dezoM meM jAnepara bhI yadi vaha artha na mile to use asat mAnanA cAhie' ataH kartAke 1- nyA0 ku0 ca0, 10 724 736 / prameyaka0 mA0, pR0 361-403 /
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________________ parokSapramANa smaraNakA abhAva jAnaneke lie saba dezoMmeM jAnA jarUrI hai| aba saba dezoMmeM jAnepara aura vahA~ke logoMse pUchanepara yadi ve loga kaheM bhI ki hameM vedake kartAkA smaraNa nahIM hai to bhI una manuSyoMkA yaha vizvAsa kaise kiyA jAye ki ve saba saca kahate haiM ? una sabakI AptatAkA jJAna honA to sambhava nahIM hai| tathA mImAMsakoMkA yaha bhI kathana hai ki abhAvapramANako pravRtti vahIM hotI hai jahA~ vastukA astitva jAnanevAle pA~coM pramANoMkI pravRtti nahIM hotii| kintu jaba veda svayaM hI apane kartAkA astitva batalAtA hai to usameM abhAvapramANakI pravRtti kaise ho sakatI hai| 'sa hi rudraM vedakartArama' ( vedakA kartA rudra hai ) 'yo brahmANaM vidadhAti pUrva vedAMzca prahiNoti' (jo pahale brahmAko racatA hai phira vedoMko racatA hai ), 'tathA prajApatiH somaM rAjAnamanvasRjata, tataH trayo vedAH anvasRjyanta' (prajApatine soma rAjAko racA, phira tInoM veda race) ityAdi zruti vedake kartAko batalAtI hai / tathA paurANika brahmAko vedakA kartA batalAte haiM, yoga mahezvarako vedakA kartA kahate haiM aura jaina use kAlAsurako kRti batalAte haiN| tathA smRti-purANa Adiko taraha vedakI zAkhAe~ RSiyoMke nAmase aMkita haiM jaise kANva, mAdhyandinna, taittirIya Adi / inake RSinAmAMkita honekA kyA kAraNa hai ? jina RSiyoMke nAmase ye zAkhAe~ aMkita haiM ve unake kartA the, athavA draSTA the athavA unhoMne unakA prakAza kiyA thA ? prathama pakSameM ve apauruSeya kaise huI athavA unake kartAkA a-smaraNa kahA~ rahA ? zeSa do pakSoMmeM yadi kaNva Adi RSiyoMne naSTa huI athavA vismRta huI vedakI zAkhAoMko dekhA athavA unheM prakAzita kiyA to phira una zAkhAoMkI paramparA avicchinna kahA~ rahI aura kaise mImAMsaka atIndriyadarzI puruSakA niSedha karate haiM ? mImAMsaka-avicchinna zAkhAoMko hI una-una sampradAyoMne dekhA athavA prakAzita kiyA ? jaina-to phira jitane upAdhyAyoMne zAkhAko dekhA yA prakAzita kiyA una sabake nAmase vaha zAkhA aMkita honI caahie| mImAMsaka-yadyapi yoga vagairaha vedakA kartA mAnate haiM, kintu 'kartA kauna hai ?' isameM vivAda hai / ataH unakA kartRsmaraNa apramANa hai ? jaina-to vivAda isameM hai ki kartA kauna hai ? na ki kartAke hone aura na hone meM ? aisI sthitimeM kartAvizeSakA smaraNa hI apramANa ho sakatA hai, na ki kartAmAtrakA smaraNa / anyayA kAdambarI vagairaha granthoMke bhI kartAvizeSako lekara vivAda hai ataH vaha bhI apauruSeya ho jaayeNge|
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________________ 264 jaina nyAya momAMsaka-vedameM kevala kartA vizeSako lekara hI vivAda nahIM kintu kartA sAmAnyako lekara bhI vivAda hai ataH vedameM kartAsAmAnyakA smaraNa bhI apramANa hai| kintu kAdambarI vagairahameM to kartAvizeSameM hI vivAda hai ataH usake kartAsAmAnyakA smaraNa apramANa nahIM hai ? jaina-jaina, bauddha vagairaha vedake kartAkA smaraNa karate haiM, mImAMsaka nahIM krte| isa prakAra kartAmAtrameM vivAda honeke kAraNa yadi kartamAtrakA smaraNa apramANa hai to kartAke smaraNako taraha kartAkA asmaraNa apramANa kyoM nahIM hai, vivAda to donoM ho pakSoMmeM hai| ataH vedako apauruSeya siddha karaneke lie diyA gayA 'kartAke smaraNakA abhAva' rUpa hetu asiddha hai| tathA viruddha bhI hai kyoMki usIke kartAkA smaraNa athavA asmaraNa hotA hai jo kArya hotA hai| kucha kArya aise haiM jinake kartAkA smaraNa hotA hai, jaise ghara / aura kucha kArya aise haiM jinake kartAkA smaraNa nahIM hotA, jaise purAne makAna vagairaha / ataH kartAke smaraNakA abhAva honese veda apauruSeya siddha nahIM hotaa| tathA jo yaha kahA thA ki 'jo jisa arthakA anuSThAna karatA hai vaha avazya usake kartAkA smaraNa karatA hai, vaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki aisA koI niyama nahIM hai| kartAkA smaraNa kiye binA hI unake vacanoMse anuSThAna karate hue dekhA jAtA hai| ataH mahAbhArata AdikI taraha ho veda bhI pauruSeya hai kyoMki vaha padavAkyAtmaka racanA rUpa hai| vedakI racanAko jo anya racanAoMse vilakSaNa kahA gayA hai so usameM kyA vilakSaNatA hai ? usakA uccAraNa karanA bahuta kaThina hai, athavA sunane meM vaha bar3A vicitra lagatA hai, athavA usakI zabdaracanA lokaprasiddha vyAkaraNazAstrase vilakSaNa hai, athavA usake chanda vicitra hai, athavA usameM atIndriya vastuoMkA kathana hai athavA usameM mahAprabhAvazAlI mantra pAye jAte haiM ? ye sabhI bAteM puruSoMke lie duSkara nahIM haiM tathA puruSaracita honese hI mantra mahAprabhAva zAlI hote haiM / atyanta prabhAvazAlI puruSake dvArA 'amuka mantrase isako isa phalako prApti ho' aisA anusandhAna karake jisa-kisI bhASAmeM jaba mantrakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai to usa puruSake prabhAvake kAraNa hI usa mantrameM usa prakArakA kArya karanekI sAmarthya hotI hai| Aja bhI mahAprabhAvazAlI mantravAdIke AjJA denese jvara AdikA uccATana tathA viSakA apahAra hotA dekhA jAtA hai / tathA, vedakI viziSTa racanAko dekhanese usa prakArakI racanA karane meM asamartha kartAkA hI nirAkaraNa hotA hai, na ki kartAmAtrakA / prAcIna khaNDoMkI viziSTa .
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________________ parokSapramANa 265 racanA dekhakara yaha koI nahIM kahatA ki yaha akRtrima hai balki saba yahI kahate haiM ki yaha kisI sAdhAraNa zilpIkA kAma nahIM hai / ataH 'veda apauruSeya hai' ityAdi anumAna ThIka nahIM hai / AtA hai, kyoMki use vedakA hone ke kAraNa ThIka nahIM hai, tathA jo yaha kahA hai ki 'vedakA adhyayana guruse adhyayana kahate hai' yaha bhI kyoMki vedakA adhyayana adhyayanapUrvaka hI hotA anaikAntika doSase duSTa adhyayanAntarapUrvaka na ho isameM kyA virodha hai ? Azaya yaha hai ki 'vedakA adhyayana kahate haiM' isa hetu meM adhyayana ke sAtha jo veda vizeSaNa jor3A gayA hai, vaha vizeSaNa yadi vipakSase viruddha ho to hetuko vipakSa meM jAnese rokatA hai / ukta anumAnameM vipakSa haiM ve sakartRka -grantha jinakA adhyayana guruse adhyayana kiye binA bhI hotA hai / kintu vedAdhyayanameM ' aisI kauna-sI vizeSatA hai jisase svayaM vedAdhyayana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ? ata: sakartRka bhArata ke adhyayanakI taraha sakartRka honepara bhI vedAdhyayana guruse adhya yana pUrvaka ho sakatA hai / isalie isase vedako apauruSeya siddha nahIM kiyA jA - sakatA / ataH vedake apauruSeyatvakA sAdhaka koI pramANa nahIM honese use apauruSeya - kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? jarA derake lie use apauruSeya mAna bhI liyA jAye to yaha prazna paidA hotA hai ki vyAkhyAta veda apane arthakA bodha karAtA hai yA avyAkhyAta veda apane arthakA bodha karAtA hai ? avyAkhyAta veda to apane arthakA jJAna nahIM karA sakatA / ataH vyAkhyAta veda hI apane arthakA jJAna karAtA hai yahI mAnanA par3atA hai / aba prazna yaha hotA hai ki veda svayaM apanA vyAkhyAna karatA hai, yA puruSa usakA vyAkhyAna karatA hai ? prathama pakSa to Thoka nahIM hai; kyoMki 'mere vAkyoMkA yahI artha hai, anya nahIM hai' yaha bAta svayaM veda nahIM kaha sakatA / yadi veda svayaM hI apane arthako batalAtA hotA to vedake - vyAkhyAna meM matabheda na hotA / yadi puruSake dvArA vyAkhyAta veda apane arthako kahatA hai to puruSake dvArA kiye gaye vyAkhyAnase jo arthakA jJAna hogA usake - sadoSa hone kI AzaMkAkA nirAkaraNa kaise kiyA jaayegaa| kyoMki manuSya - rAgAdi doSoMse dUSita haiM, ataH ve viparIta arthakA kathana bhI karate hue dekhe jAte haiM / yadi saMvAdase prAmANya svIkAra karate haiM to vedake apauruSeyatvako kalpanA - vyartha ho jAtI hai kyoMki vedake pauruSeya honepara bhI saMvAdase hI usameM prAmANya sthApita hotA hai / 34
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________________ jaina nyAya tathA vedakA vyAkhyAtA atIndriyadarzI hai athavA nahIM hai| yadi vaha atIndriyadarzI hai to phira Apa sarvajJakA niSedha nahIM kara sakate / aura dharmake viSaya meM use hI pramANa mAnanA hogA / aisA honese 'dharmake viSaya meM veda hI pramANa hai' yaha niyama nahIM raha sakatA / yadi vyAkhyAtA atIndriyadarzI nahIM hai to usake vyAkhyAna se yathArthapratipatti kaise hogI, usameM ayathArtha kathanako AzaMkA banI rahegI / 266 mImAMsaka - manu vagairaha viziSTa buddhimAn the, ataH unake vyAkhyAnase yathArtha pratipatti ho hotI hai / jaina - manu vagairaha kI buddhike viziSTa honekA kyA kAraNa hai ? vedArthakA abhyAsa, adRSTa athavA brahmA ? yadi vedArthakA abhyAsa karanese manukI buddhi viziSTaH thI to unhoMne vedArthako jAnakara usakA abhyAsa kiyA thA yA binA jAne ho ? binA jAne vedArthakA abhyAsa karanese buddhikA vaiziSTya mAnanemeM bahuta gar3abar3I upasthita hogii| dUsare pakSa meM unhoMne vedArthako svayaM jAnA yA dUsarese jAnA ? yadi svayaM jAnA to anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai - vedArthakA abhyAsa honepara svayaM usakA parijJAna ho aura svayaM usakA parijJAna honepara vedArthakA abhyAsa ho / yadi manu vagairahane dUsare se vedArthakA jJAna kiyA to usa dUsare vyaktiko bhI vedArthakA jJAna kisI anya vyaktise hI huA hogA / aura aisA honese atIndriyadarzI puruSa ke abhAva meM yathArthatAkA nirNaya nahIM ho sakegA / adRSTa ke kAraNa bhI manu vagairahakA viziSTa buddhizAlI honA nahIM banatA; kyoMki adRSTa to sabhI AtmAoMke sAtha lagA huA hai, ataH sabhIko viziSTa buddhizAlI honA cAhie / zAyada kahA jAye ki anya AtmAoMkA adRSTa vaisA nahIM hai jaisA manukA thA to yaha batalAnA cAhie ki manukA adRSTa AtmAntaroMse kyoM viziSTa thA ? yadi vedArthakA anuSThAtA hone ke kAraNa manukA adRSTa viziSTa thA to punaH ukta praznoMkI anuvRtti hotI hai ki manu jJAta vedArthake anuSThAtA the athavA ajJAta vedArthake anuSThAtA the / ataH adRSTake kAraNa bhI manukA viziSTa buddhizAlI honA nahIM banatA / brahmA ko bhI vedArthakA jJAna siddha honepara hI brahmA ke kAraNa manu vagairahako vedArtha ke jJAnakA vaiziSTya siddha ho sakatA hai / ataH yaha prazna hotA hai ki brahmAko vedArthakA jJAna kaise huA thA ? yadi dharmavizeSake kAraNa huA thA to cakraka nAmakA doSa AtA hai - brahmAko vedArthakA viziSTa jJAna thA, ho jAye to vedArthakA jJAnapUrvaka anuSThAna karanA siddha ho aura vedArthakA jJAna jaba yaha bAta siddha
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________________ parokSapramANa pUrvaka anuSThAna siddha honepara dharmavizeSa siddha ho| aura dharmavizeSa siddha honepara vedArthake jJAnakA vaiziSTaya siddha ho| ataH atIndriyadarzI puruSako na mAnanepara vedArthakA jJAna nahIM bntaa| ___mImAMsaka-vyAkaraNa vagairahake abhyAsase laukika padoM aura vAkyoMke arthakA jJAna ho jAnepara vaidika padoM aura vAkyoMke arthakA jJAna bhI ho hI jAyegA; kyoMki laukika aura vaidika padoMmeM koI antara nahIM hai| aura isalie vedArthako jAnaneke lie kiso atIndriyadarzIko AvazyakatA nahIM hai ? - jaina-laukika aura vaidika padoMke eka honepara bhI eka-eka padake aneka artha hote haiM / ataH anya arthoMkA nirAsa karake iSTa arthakA niyamana karanA ki 'isakA yahI artha hai' zakya nahIM hai| prakaraNa vagairahako vicAra karake bhI iSTaH arthakA niyamana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA; kyoMki prakaraNa vagairaha bhI aneka ho sakate haiM, jaise dvisandhAna nAmaka kAvyameM eka sAtha do kathAe~ calato haiM / ____tathA yadi laukika agni Adi zabdoMke samAna honese vaidika agni Adi zabdoMkA artha jAnA jAtA hai to pauruSeyatvako dRSTise bhI samAna honese vaidika zabda pauruSeya kyoM nahIM haiM / lokika agni Adi zabda pauruSeya hote hue bhI arthavAn hai| aisI sthitimeM vaidika agni Adi zabda laukika zabdoMke pauruSeyatva dharmako chor3akara kevala unakA artha hI kaise grahaNa kara sakate haiM ? yA to unheM laukika zabdoMkI donoM bAtoMko grahaNa karanA cAhie yA ekako bhI grahaNa nahIM karanA caahie| laukika aura vaidika zabdoMke svarUpameM koI antara nahIM hai, donoM hI saMketa grahaNakI apekSAse hI arthakA pratipAdana karate haiM, donoM hI uccAraNa na kiye jAnepara sunAI nahIM dete taba phira anya kauna-sI vizeSatA hai jisake kAraNa vaidika zabdoM ko apauruSeya aura laukika zabdoMko pauruSeya mAnA jaaye| ataH veda apauruSeya nahIM hai| ___sphoTavAdI vaiyAkaraNoMkA pUrvapakSa-'vaiyAkaraNoMkA kahanA hai ki varNa, pada aura vAkya arthake pratipAdaka nahIM haiM kintu sphoTa hI arthakA pratipAdaka hai| yadi ve arthake pratipAdaka haiM to samasta varNa arthakA pratipAdana karate haiM athavA vyasta varNa bhI arthakA pratipAdana karate haiN| yadi vyasta varNa bho arthakA prati-. pAdana karate haiM to eka varNase bhI go Adi arthakA jJAna ho jAnese anya vargoM kA uccAraNa karanA vyartha hai| yadi samasta varNa arthakA pratipAdana karate haiM to yaha. 1. nyA0 ku. ca0, pR0 745 / sphoTa si0 kA0 26, 36 /
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________________ jaina nyAya -sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki kramase utpanna aura naSTa honevAle varSoM kA sAmastya ( samUha ) honA asambhava hai| zAyada Apa kaheM ki saba varNa eka sAtha utpanna ho jAyeMge ataH unakA samUha bana jaayegaa| kintu yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki eka puruSa saba vargoM ko eka sAtha utpanna nahIM kara sktaa| aura eka sAtha utpanna na kara sakanekA kAraNa yaha hai pratyeka varSa pratiniyata sthAna, prati. 'niyata karaNa aura pratiniyata prayatnase utpanna hotA hai| zAyada Apa kaheM ki eka puruSane 'ga' zabdakA uccAraNa kiyA aura dUsare puruSane 'au' zabdakA uccAraNa kiyaa| donoMkA samudAya 'ga-au' kara denese usase arthakI pratIti ho jAyego ! kintu aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki pratiniyata varNoM kI kramase pratipatti honeke uttara kAlameM hI zAbdapratIti dekhI jAtI hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki anyavoM kI apekSA na karake 'go' zabdameM antima varNa 'o' hai vahI arthakA pratipAdaka hai, kintu aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki aisA mAnanese pUrva 'ga' Adi vargoM kA uccAraNa vyartha ho jaayegaa| ataH samasta athavA vyastavarNa arthake pratipAdaka (kahanevAle) nahIM haiN| kintu 'go' Adi zabdoMko sunakara zrotAoM ko arthakI pratIti hotI hai| ataH yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki arthako pratotimeM hetu eka sphoTa nAmaka tattva hai| pratyakSase usI. kI pratIti hotI hai| kyoMki vibhinna AkAravAle varSoM meM honevAlA abhinnAkAra pratyakSa sphoTake sadbhAvako hI batalAtA hai| tathA vaha sphoTa 'nitya hai / yadi use anitya mAnA jAyegA to saMketakAlameM anubhUta sphoTakA usI samaya vinAza ho jAnese kAlAntara tathA dezAntarameM 'go' zabdako sunakara usase arthakI pratIti nahIM ho sakegI, kyoMki saMketarahita zabdase arthakI pratIti honA asambhava hai| yadi binA saMketa kiye zabdase bhI arthakI pratIti sambhava ho to dvIpAntarase Aye hue manuSyako bhI 'go' zabdake sunanese gAyarUpa arthakI pratItikA prasaMga upasthita hogaa| tathA 'go' zabdakA artha gAya hotA hai isa prakArakA saMketa grahaNa karanA bhI vyartha ho jaayegaa| ata: nitya eka akhaNDa sphoTa ho arthakI pratipattimeM hetu hai| varNadhvani usako hI abhivyakta karake naSTa ho jAtI hai| uttarapakSa-janoM kA kahanA hai ki pUrva vargoM ke nAzase viziSTa antima varNase hI arthakA bodha ho jAtA hai, athavA yaha kahanA cAhie ki pUrva vargoM ke jJAnake 1. vAkya0 111 / 2. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 750-757 / prame0 ka0 mA0, pR0 453-457 /
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________________ parokSapramANa saMskArase sahita antima varNa arthakI pratIti karAtA hai, isakA krama isa prakAra hai-prathama varNakA jJAna, usase saMskArakI utpatti, phira dUsare varNakA jJAna, pUrvavarNajJAnake saMskArase sahita usa jJAnase viziSTa saMskArakA janma, isI taraha tIsare Adi vargoM ke viSayameM bhI, arthako pratIti karAnevAle antima varNake sahAyaka antima saMskAra taka, yahI krama jAnanA caahie| athavA, zabdArthako upalabdhimeM nimitta adRSTakI niyAmakatAke kAraNa, avinaSTa hI pUrvavarNajJAna aura unake saMskAra antima varNake saMskArako karate haiN| aura usa saMskArase utpanna smRtikI sahAyatAse antima varNa padArthakA jJAna karAtA hai| vAkyase arthakA jJAna honemeM bhI yahI niyama jAnanA caahie| isa prakAra pUrvokta sahakArI kAraNoMko apekSA lekara antima varNa arthakA jJAna karAtA hai| ataH sphoTakI kalpanA nirarthaka hai; kyoMki sphoTake abhAvameM bhI ukta prakArase jaba arthakI pratipatti ho sakatI hai to usake AdhArapara sphoTakI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| jaba dRSTa kAraNase hI kArya utpanna ho sakatA hai to adRSTa kAraNAntarakI kalpanA karanA buddhimattA nahIM hai| tathA yadi samasta athavA vyasta varNa arthakA jJAna karAnemeM asamartha haiM to ve sphoTako abhivyakta karane meM bhI samartha nahIM ho skte| isakA khulAsA-samasta varNa sphoTakI abhivyakti nahIM kara sakate; kyoMki ukta prakArase unakA samudAya nahIM bana sktaa| vyasta varNa bhI sphoTakI abhivyakti nahIM kara sakate, kyoMki eka. hI varNase sphoTako abhivyakti ho jAnepara anya vargoM kA uccAraNa vyartha ho jaayegaa| zAyada kahA jAye ki pUrva varNa sphoTakA saMskAra karate haiM aura antima varNa sphoTakI abhivyakti karatA hai| kintu aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki sphoTakA abhivyaktike sivAya dUsarA saMskAra kyA ho sakatA hai ? / tathA vargoM ke dvArA honevAlA yaha saMskAra sphoTa hI hai athavA usakA dharma hai| yadi vargoM ke dvArA kiye jAnevAle saMskArakA nAma hI sphoTa hai to sphoTa vargoM ke dvArA utpanna huA kahA jaayegaa| yadi vaha saMskAra sphoTarUpa na hokara sphoTakA dharma hai to vaha sphoTase bhinna hai athavA abhinna hai ? yadi vaha saMskAra rUpa dharma sphoTase abhinna hai to vargoM ke dvArA usakI utpatti sphoTakI hI utpatti huI / aura aisA honese sphoTa anitya ho jaayegaa| yadi vaha saMskAra sphoTase bhinna hai to yaha saMskAra sphoTakA hai yaha sambandha nahIM bana sakatA; kyoMki vaha usakA kucha upakAra nahIM krtaa| yadi saMskAra sphoTakA kucha upakAra karatA hai to vaha upakAra bhI usase bhinna hai athavA abhinna hai ? una donoMvikalpoMmeM pUrvokta doSa Ate haiN|
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________________ 270 jaina nyAya ___tayA sphoTake saMskArase ApakA kyA abhiprAya hai ? sphoTaviSayaka jJAnakA honA athavA sphoTake Uparase AvaraNakA haTanA ? yadi saMskArase matalaba AvaraNake haTa jAnese hai to eka bAra eka jagaha AvaraNake haTa jAnepara sarvadA saba puruSoMko sphoTako abhivyaktikA prasaMga upasthita hogA; kyoMki sphoTako Apane nitya vyApaka aura eka mAnA hai| yadi sphoTakA AvaraNa pUrA na haTakara ekadezase haTatA hai to aisA mAnanepara sphoTa sAvayava ThaharatA hai| aura sAvayava honese vaha kArya ThaharatA hai aura kArya honese anitya ThaharatA hai| isa doSake bhayase yadi sphoTako eka jagaha nirAvaraNa honese sarvatra nirAvaraNa mAnate ho to sarvatra sarvadA saba manuSyoMko usako upalabdhi honekA prasaMga AtA hai| yadi saMskArase matalaba sphoTaviSayaka jJAnase hai, so bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki jaise varNa arthakA jJAna utpanna nahIM kara sakate vaise hI sphoTakA jJAna bhI utpanna nahIM kara skte| ___ vaiyA0-pUrva vargoM ke jJAnake saMskArase yukta AtmAko antima varNake sunaneke 'pazcAt sphoTakI abhivyakti hotI hai, ataH koI doSa nahIM hai / - jaina-to phira isa taraha to pUrvavarNoM ke jJAna ke saMskArase yukta AtmAko antima varNake sunaneke pazcAta padArthakA jJAna hI ho jAyegA taba sphoTake mAnanekI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? cetana AtmAke sivAya anya kisI tattvameM artha prakAzanakI sAmarthya sambhava nahIM hai| ataH viziSTa zaktivAle usa cidAtmAkA hI nAma sphoTa rakhanA ho to rakha leN| jisameM artha sphuTa hotA hai use sphoTa kahate haiN| ataH cidAtmAke sivAya sphoTa nAmakA koI tattva nahIM hai| _ 'vAyu sphoTakI abhivyakti karatI hai' yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai| jaise vAyuoMse zabdakI abhivyakti nahIM ho sakatI vaise hI unase sphoTakI abhivyakti bhI nahIM ho sakato, yadi vAyu sphoTakI abhivyakti karatI hai to varNoMko kalpanA vyartha ho jAyegI kyoMki varSoM se na to sphoTakI abhivyakti Apa mAnate haiM aura na arthakI pratipatti mAnate haiM / tathA varNoM kI athavA vAyuoMkI utpatti se pahale yadi sphoTakA sadbhAva siddha ho to varNa athavA vAyuko sphoTake abhivyaMjaka mAnanA ucita ho sakatA hai / 'kintu sphoTakA sadbhAva kisI bhI pramANase siddha nahIM hai ata: vicAra karanepara sphoTakA svarUpa nahIM banatA, isalie sphoTako padArthakI pratipattimeM kAraNa nahIM mAnanA caahie| kintu gau Adi zabdoMko hI padArthako pratipattimeM kAraNa mAnanA caahie| , ...
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________________ parokSapramANa 271 saMskRta zabdoM ko hI arthakA vAcaka mAnanevAle mImAMsaka aura vaiyAkaraNoMkA pUrvapakSa - vaiyAkaraNa AdikA kahanA hai ki eka zabdako bhI samyakrIti se jAnakara zAstrAnusAra usakA zuddha prayoga karanese isa loka aura paralokameM icchita phalakI prApti hotI hai / arthakA jJAna karAne meM saMskRta bhASA ke zabda hI kAraNa ho sakate haiM, prAkRta bhASAke zabda nahIM ataH vyAkaraNase siddha 'gau' Adi zabda hI sAdhu hai aura isalie ve hI arthake vAcaka ho sakate haiM, 'gau' zabda ke apabhraMza 'gAvI' 'goNI' Adi zabda arthake vAcaka nahIM ho sakate kyoMki ve zuddha nahIM haiM / vRddhaparamparA ke anusAra anvaya aura vyatirekake AdhArapara vAcya vAcaka bhAvakI vyavasthA kI jAtI hai / jaba eka go zabdakI eka gotvalakSaNarUpa artha meM - zakti mAnakara anvayavyatireka nizcita ho gaye to ve anvayavyatireka gauzabda se bhinna gAvI Adi zabdoMkI usI gotvarUpa artha meM zakti nahIM mAna sakate / kyoMki jo jisake binA nahIM hotA vaha usako apanI utpatti meM kAraNa nahIM mAnatA hai / aura jo jisake binA bhI ho jAtA hai vaha usako apanI utpatti meM kAraNa nahIM mAnatA / zAyada kahA jAye ki anvayavyatirekake dvArA jaba 'gAvI' zabda se bhI arthakI pratIti ho sakatI hai to gAvI zabda vAcaka kyoM nahIM hai ? kintu aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki 'gAvI' zabdameM anvayavyatireka dUsarI tarahase banatA hai / yadyapi 'gAvI' zabda vAcaka nahIM hai, phira bhI 'gAvI' zabdako sunakara zrotAko vAcaka gauzabdakI smRti hotI hai aura phira usase arthako pratipatti hotI hai / dekhA jAtA hai ki azuddha zabdakA prayoga kiye jAnepara pahale zuddha zabdakA - smaraNa hotA hai phira usase arthakA jJAna hotA hai / jaise, bAlaka mAtAko pukArane ke lie 'amba' kahanA cAhatA hai kintu uccAraNa karanemeM asamartha honeke kAraNa 'amm' 'amm' cillAtA hai| mAtA usakI pukAra sunakara socatI hai ki baccene 'amba' zabda ke sthAna meM 'amm' zabda kahA hai / ataH azuddha 'amm' zabda se zuddha " amba' zabdakA smaraNa karake hI mAtA usakA arthajJAna karatI hai / tathA pUraba meM ' SaMDha' zabda ke sthAna meM 'saMDha' zabdakA uccAraNa hotA hai / vyavahArI -puruSa saMDha zabdako sunakara jAna letA hai ki isane ' SaMDha' zabda ke sthAna meM 'saM'Dha' zabdakA uccAraNa kiyA hai| ataH vaha zuddha 'SaMDha' zabdakA smaraNa karake hI usakA artha jAnatA hai / isI taraha azuddha 'gAvI' zabda se zuddha 'gau' zabdako 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 757 / pAta0 mahA0 - 6 / 11840 vAkyapa0 pu0 TI0 1|13| tantravA0, pR0 278 tathA 287 /
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________________ jaina nyAya smaraNa karake hI vyavahArI puruSa usakA artha jAnatA hai / ataH gAvI zabda meM dUsare prakAra se hI anvayavyatireka banate haiM / isalie anvaya- vyatireka ke AdhArapara 'gAvI' zabdako vAcaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / jahA~ anvayavyatireka ananyathAsiddha hote haiM vahIM ve vAcakatvakA niyama karate haiM / kintu ukta prakArase 'gAvI' zabda meM anvayavyatireka nizcita nahIM hai ataH gAvI zabdake vAcakatvakA niyama nahIM bana sakatA / gozabda meM anvayavyatireka to vAdI prativAdI donoM pakSoMko mAnya hai | ataH gauzabda hI gotvarUpa arthakA vAcaka hai / tathA saba dezoMmeM, saba kAloMmeM aura saba zAstroM meM gauzabda eka hI rUpase pratIta hotA hai ataH use hI vAcaka mAnanA ThIka hai / kintu 'gAvI' Adi bhraSTa zabdoM kA prayoga to niyatadeza aura niyatakAlameM kucha puruSoM meM dekhA jAtA hai ataH 'gAvI' zabda vAcaka nahIM hai / kyoMki dezAntara meM rahanevAle jina manuSyoMne 'gAvI Adi zabdoM meM saMketa grahaNa nahIM kiyA ve una zabdoMse arthabodha nahIM kara sakate / ataH vyAkaraNa vagairaha se siddha 'gau' Adi zabda hI zuddha haiM, unhIMse arthakA bodha hotA hai / jaise 'gAmAnaya' ( gauko lAo ) kahanepara galakambala se viziSTa pazuko lAnekA jJAna hotA hai / ataH isase jaise yaha nirdhArita kiyA jAtA hai ki 'go' zabdakA artha galakambalavAlA padArtha hai' vaise hI yaha niyama bhI nirdhArita hotA hai ' gauzabdakA hI yaha artha hai' / aura isa niyamase anya zabdoMko galakambalaviziSTa gAya rUpakA arthakA vAcaka mAnanemeM bAdhA AtI hai / 272 zaMkA- 'gau' Adi zabda hI vAcaka haiM yaha niyama Apa banAte haiM to banAyeM kintu una zabdoMke sAdhutvakA samarthana karaneke lie vyAkaraNakI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? vRddhoMke vyavahArase hI unake vAcakatvakA avadhAraNa ho jAyegA / uttara-vyAkaraNake binA kevala vRddha janoMke vyavahArase hI saba zabdoM ke vAcakatvakA niyama nahIM banAyA jA sakatA / zabdarAzikA anta nahIM hai / ataH anantakAla meM bhI vRddhoMke vyavahArase pratyeka padake vAcakatvakA avadhAraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / kintu vyAkaraNake dvArA thor3e-se prayatnase hI saba zabdoM ke vAcakatvako jAnA jA sakatA hai / ataH vyAkaraNakI AvazyakatA hai / zaMkA - vyAkaraNazAstra pramANa nahIM hai, ataH usase zabdoM ke sAdhutvakA jJAna kaise ho sakatA hai ? uttara - yadi vyAkaraNako apramANa mAnA jAyegA to kartA, karma Adi kArakoMkI vyavasthA nahIM bana sakegI / tathA loka aura zAstrase virodha upasthita hogaa| kyoMki sabhI ziSTa puruSa vyAkaraNako pramANa mAnate haiM tathA sabhI
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________________ parokSapramANa zAstroMko bhASA niyamabaddha aura niyama vyAkaraNAdhIna hai| ataH vyAkaraNake apramANa Thaharanepara yaha saba kaise bana sakegA ? isalie zabdoMke sAdhutvake jJAnake lie vyAkaraNako pramANa mAnanA Avazyaka hai / ataH vyAkaraNase siddha sAdhu zabda hI arthake vAcaka haiM, apabhraSTa zabda arthake vAcaka nahIM haiM / apabhraMza prAkRta Adike zabdoMko bhI yAcaka mAnanevAle jainoMkA uttarapakSajainoMkA kahanA hai ki 'go Adi zabda hI zuddha haiM ataH ve hI vAcaka haiM,' aisA kahanA vicArapUrNa nahIM hai / vAcyavAcaka bhAva lokavyavahAra ke adhIna hai, aura loka gAvI Adi zabdoMse ho vyavahAra calatA hai| dUsaroMkI bAta to jAne deM, jo saMskRtajJa haiM ve bhI saMskRta zabdoMko chor3akara vyavahArake samaya 'gAvI' Adi zabdoM kA hI vyavahAra karate dekhe jAte haiM / ataH saMskRtako jAnanevAle aura na jAnanevAloMkA vyavahAra 'gAvI' Adi zabdoMse hI calatA dekhA jAtA hai ataH anvayavyatireka ke dvArA gAvI Adi zabdoMmeM hI vAcakatvakA niyamana hotA hai / 'gAvI' Adi zabdoM ko sunakara pahale zuddha 'gau' zabdakI smRti hotI hai phira usase arthakA bodha hotA hai, svapna meM bhI isa tarahakI pratIti nahIM hotI / saMskRta zabdoMkI taraha prAkRta zabdoMse bhI sAkSAt ho arthakA jJAna hotA hai / yadi aisA na ho to jahA~ saMskRtake jAnakAra nahIM haiM vahA~ bhASAzabdoMse arthakA jJAna nahIM hogA / ataH 'go' Adi zabdoMkI taraha 'gAvI' Adi zabda bhI zabdAntarakI smRtikI sahAyatA ke binA hI apane arthakA jJAna karAte haiM isalie ve bhI vAcaka haiN| jaise go Adi zabda gAvI Adi zabdoMkI smRtiko apekSA kiye binA anvayavyatirekake dvArA gotva Adi arthoke vAcaka hote haiM vaise hI 'gAvI' Adi zabda bhI 'go' Adi zabdoMkI smRtikI sahAyatA ke binA hI anvayavyatirekake dvArA apane arthoke vAcaka hote haiM / isa prakAra anvayavyatirekake dvArA jaba donoM hI prakArake zabda samAna rUpase arthake vAcaka haiM phira bhI yadi eka hI ko arthakA vAcaka mAnate ho to 'gAvI' Adi zabdoMko hI arthakA vAcaka mAno, kyoMki janasAdhAraNakA vyavahAra 'gAvI' Adi zabdoMse hI calatA hai / 273 dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki anubhavamUlaka smaraNa pramANa hotA hai kyoMki anubhavake anusAra hI smaraNa hotA hai| kintu go vyavahArameM prathama hI 'gau' Adi zabdoMke vAcaka honekA anubhava nahIM hotA, balki 'gAvI' Adi zabdoMke hI vAcaka honekA anubhava hotA hai / arthAt janmase hI pratyeka manuSya prAkRta zabdoMke dvArA hI artha 1. nyA0 ku0 ca0 pR0 762 / prameyaka0 mA0, pR0 668 / 35
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________________ 274 jaina nyAya kA jJAna karatA hai| ataH jina 'gAvI' Adi zabdoMke vAcaka honekA janmase ho anubhava hai, una zabdoMse arthakA bodha karaneke lie aise saMskRta zabdoMke smaraNako Avazyaka mAnanA, jinake vAcaka honekA anubhava nahIM hai, vaiyAkaraNoMkI apUrva nyAyakuzalatAkA paricAyaka hai| ___ 'go'zabdakA uccAraNa karaneke sthAnameM bAlaka azakti athavA pramAdase 'gAvI' zabdakA uccAraNa karatA hai' yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi bAlaka gozabdakA uccAraNa karanekI icchA hote hue bhI azakti athavA pramAdase 'gAvI' zabdakA uccAraNa karatA hai to prabuddha honepara use 'gAvI' zabdako tyAga kara 'go'zabdakA ho vyavahAra karanA cAhie / kintu vidvAna honepara bhI vaha 'gAvI' zabdako chor3akara 'go' zabdakA vyavahAra nahIM krtaa| vaiyA0-saMskRtakA jAnakAra saMskRtako na jAnanevAle manuSyoMke sAtha saMskRta gau Adi zabdoMse vyavahAra nahIM kara sakatA, aura saMskRtake na jAnanevAloMkI saMkhyA hI adhika hai ataH azakti aura pramAdase utpanna huA bhI apabhraMza zabdoM. kA vyavahAra rUr3himeM A gayA hai| isase saMskRta zabdoMkA jAnakAra manuSya bhI unhIM zabdoMse vyavahAra karatA hai| ___ jaina-isa kathanakA bhI isIse khaNDana ho jAtA hai| jaba Apa gAvI Adi zabdoMke vyavahArako pramAda aura azaktise utpanna huA mAnate haiM to ukta doSakA anuSaMga banA hI rahatA hai| tathA Apa 'gAvI' Adi zabdoMko apabhraSTa kyoM kahate haiM ? ve puruSArthameM sahAyaka nahIM haiM athavA saMketake dvArA hI apane arthako kahate haiM isalie unheM apabhraSTa mAnate haiM ? pahalA pakSa ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki prAkRta zabdoMke vyavahArase hI samasta dharma-artha Adi puruSArtha calate haiN| aisA koI puruSArtha nahIM hai jisameM sAkSAt athavA paramparAse prAkRta bhASAke zabdoMkA vyavahAra na hotA ho| puruSArthako samajhAneke lie jina saMskRta zabdoMkA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai unakA spaSTa artha bhI prAkRta zabdoMse hI batalAyA jAtA hai| taba puruSArthameM sahAyaka na honese unheM apabhraSTa kase kahA jA sakatA hai ? dUsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki prAkRta zabdoMkI taraha saMskRta zabda bhI saMketakI sahAyatAse hI arthakA pratipAdana karate haiM / isa prakAra saMskRta aura prAkRta zabdoMmeM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai isalie yA to donoMko hI zuddha mAnanA cAhie yA donoMko hI azuddha mAnanA cAhie / tathA, yadi zuddhatAkA svarUpa-jJAna ho jAye to yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki amuka zabda zuddha haiM aura amuka zabda azuddha haiM / ataH yaha batalAie ki zuddhatAkA
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________________ parokSapramANa svarUpa kyA hai ? vAcakapanA, athavA anAdi kAlase prayogameM AnA, athavA dharmakA sAdhana honA, athavA viziSTa puruSoMke dvArA racita honA, athavA viziSTa arthakA kahanA, athavA vyAkaraNase siddha honA ? .. yadi zaddhatAkA svarUpa vAcakapanA hai to gau Adi zabdoMkI taraha gAvo Adi zabdoMmeM bhI vaha svarUpa hai ho, kyoMki anvaya-vyatirekake dvArA go Adi zabdoMko taraha gAvI Adi zabda bhI arthake pratipAdaka haiM, yaha Upara batalAyA jA cukA hai / ___ yadi anAdi kAlase prayogameM AnA zuddhatAkA svarUpa hai to gau aura gAvI zabdameM koI bheda nahIM rahatA; kyoMki donoM hI prakArake zabdoMkA prayoga anAdi kAlase hotA calA AtA hai| ata: yA to donoM hI zabda zuddha, haiM, yA donoM hI azuddha haiM / tathA yadi anAdi kAlase prayukta honekA nAma zuddhatA hai to prAkRta gAvI Adi zabda hI zuddha kahe jAyeMge, kyoMki prAkRta zabda hI anAdi kAlase prayukta hote Ate haiN| 'prakRtireva prAkRtam' isa vyutpattike anusAra arthasvarUpake bodhaka svAbhAvika gAvI Adi zabda hI anAdi kAlase prayukta honeke kAraNa zuddha pramANita hote haiM, saMskRta gau Adi zabdoMkA prayoga anAdi nahIM bntaa| sat vastumeM guNAntarakA Aropa karanekA nAma saMskAra hai| aura saMskAra sAdi hI hotA hai| ataH 'saMskRta' kahanese hI yaha pratIta hotA hai ki saMskArase pahale koI prAkRtika vastu vidyamAna thii| vaha prAkRta bhASA hI hai| ata: anAdikAlase prayukta honeke kAraNa vahI 'sAdhu' ThaharatI hai| vaiyA0-'prakRtireva prAkRtam' yaha vyutpatti ThIka nahIM hai| kintu 'prakRtebhavaM prAkRtam' arthAt prakRtise jo utpanna ho vahI prAkRta hai ? jaina-to yahI batalAie ki vaha prakRti kyA vastu hai jisase prAkRta utpanna hotI hai ? prakRtikA matalaba 'svabhAva' hai, athavA dhAtugaNa hai, athavA zabdoMkA saMskRta rUpa hai ? __ yadi prakRtikA artha svabhAva hai aura usase jo utpanna ho vaha prAkRta hai taba to 'prakRtireva prAkRtam' hamArI kI huI yaha vyutpatti hI Apane mAna lI / yadi prakRtise matalaba dhAtugaNa hai to 'go' Adi zabda bhI prAkRta kahe jAyeMge; kyoMki dhAtugaNase unakA svarUpa banatA hai| aura aisA honepara saMskRta vyavahAra samApta ho jAyegA tathA zandoMke saMskRta rUpako prakRti nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki sat vastumeM guNAntarake Aropa karanekA nAma saMskAra hai| ataH saMskAra to vikArarUpa hai, vaha prakRti nahIM ho sktaa|
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________________ jaina nyAya vaiyA0--guNAntarake AropakA nAma saMskAra nahIM hai, kintu acchI tarahase na jAne gaye zabdakA prakRti aura pratyaya AdikA vibhAga karake usake antargata arthako prakAzita karanA hI zabdakA saMskAra hai| _ jaina--prakRti aura pratyayake vibhAgake dvArA arthako prakAzita karanekA nAma to vyAkhyA hai, saMskAra nhiiN| vastra vagairahameM isa tarahakA saMskAra kabhI nahIM dekhA gayA / kintu guNAntarakA Aropa rUpa saMskAra hI dekhA jAtA hai / ataH anAdikAlase prayukta honeke kAraNa zandoMko zuddhatA siddha nahIM hotii| isalie zuddhatAkA yaha lakSaNa bhI ThIka nahIM hai| dharmakA sAdhana honA bhI zuddhatAkA lakSaNa nahIM ho sakatA / yadi yaha zuddhatAkA lakSaNa hai to zabda sAkSAt dharmake sAdhana haiM yA paramparAse dharmake sAdhana haiM / yadi zabda dharmake sAkSAt sAdhana haiM to usake lie pratoMkA anuSThAna karanA vagairaha vyartha tthhregaa| yadi parampa. rAse dharmake sAdhana haiM to saMskRta zabdoMkI taraha prAkRta zabda bhI paramparAse dharmake sAdhana haiM ataH unheM bhI 'sAdhu' mAnanA cAhie / yadi viziSTa puruSoMke dvArA racita honA athavA viziSTa arthakA kahanA sAdhutva ( zuddhatA ) kA lakSaNa hai to ye donoM bAteM bhI saMskRta aura prAkRta zabdoMmeM samAna haiN| vyAkaraNasiddha honA bhI saMskRta zabdoMkI taraha prAkRta zabdoMmeM bhI hai hii| jaise saMskRta vyAkaraNake dvArA zabdoMkI siddhi hotI hai vaise hI prAkRta vyAkaraNake dvArA bhI zabdoMkI siddhi hotI hai| yadi prAkRta vyAkaraNa vyAkaraNa nahIM hai to saMskRta vyAkaraNa bhI vyAkaraNa nahIM ho sktaa| tathA taittirIyopaniSadeM jo yaha kahA hai ki saMskRta vANI bolanI cAhie, so kaba bolanI cAhie-karmakAlameM athavA adhyayanakAlameM ? yadi adhyayanakAlameM saMskRta vANI bolanI cAhie to saMskRta bhASAke adhyayanakAlameM athavA prAkRta bhASAke adhyayanakAlameM ? prAkRtabhASAke adhyayanakAlameM saMskRta vANI bolanese prAkRtabhASAkA adhyayana nahIM ho sktaa| yadi saMskRtabhASAke adhyayanakAlameM saMskRta vANI bolanI cAhie to saMskRta bhASAke adhyayanakAlameM prAkRtabhASAke na bolanese prAkRtabhASA 'asAdhu' kaise ho sakatI hai ? yadi ekake adhyayanakAlameM dUsarekA prayoga na honese dUsarA 'asAdhu hai to purANakA adhyayana karate samaya vedavAkyoMkA prayoga na honese vedavAkya bhI 'asAdhu' ThahareMge / yadi karmakAla meM saMskRtavANI bolanI cAhie to hama pUchate haiM ki usa samaya prAkRta bhASA kyoM nahIM bolanI cAhie? prAkRta zabda kyA arthakA kathana nahIM karate, athavA ve apazabda haiM, athavA adharmake kAraNa hai ?
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________________ parokSapramANa pahalA pakSa to ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki saMskRta aura prAkRtake jAnanevAloMko 'gAvI' Adi zabdoMse bhI spaSTa arthakI pratIti hotI hai, yadi gAvI Adi apazabda hai to kyoM ? svarUpase hI athavA vyAkaraNase niSpanna na honeke kAraNa ve apazabda haiM ? yadi svarUpase hI apazabda hai to gozabda bhI apazabda kahA jAyegA kyoMki vaha bhI svarUpavAlA hai| yadi vyAkaraNase aniSpanna honeke kAraNa gAvI Adi zabda apazabda haiM to ve saMskRta vyAkaraNase niSpanna (siddha) nahIM haiM, athavA prAkRta vyAkaraNase siddha nahIM haiM ? dUsarA pakSa to ThIka nahIM hai ? kyoMki prAkRta zabda prAkRtabhASAke vyAkaraNase siddha haiM / yadi saMskRta vyAkaraNase ve aniSpanna haiM to svarUpa mAtrase aniSpanna haiM athavA arthavizeSameM aniSpanna haiN| svarUpamAtrase aniSpanna to nahIM haiM kyoMki jainendra vyAkaraNake sUtra [ 112 / 114 ] ke anusAra 'gAvo' zabda niSpanna hai| yadi gotvarUpa arthavizeSameM niSpanna na hone ke kAraNa 'gAvI' zabdako apazabda kahate haiM to bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki saMskRta vyAkaraNa 'gAvI' zabdako gotvarUpa arthameM niSpanna nahIM krtaa| prAkRta vyAkaraNa hI gAvI zabdako gotvarUpa arthakA vAcaka batalAtA hai| phira bhI yadi isIlie gAvI zabdako apazabda kahate hai to gozabda bhI apazabda kahA jAyegA kyoMki prAkRta vyAkaraNase 'go' zabda aniSpanna hai| ataH jaba saMskRta vyAkaraNase siddha gozabda aura prAkRta vyAkaraNase siddha 'gAvI' zabda gotvarUpa arthake vAcaka haiM to yaha niyama kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ki gozabda hI gotvakA vAcaka hai aura gAvI zabda gotvakA vAcaka nahIM hai ? jaise vRkSa, pAdapa, taru ye zabda paryAyavAcI haiM vaise hI gau aura gAvI zabda bhI paryAyavAcI hai| zruta pramANa __yadyapi 'zruta' zabda saMskRtako 'zru' dhAtuse banA hai jisakA artha 'sunanA' hai| kintu jaina darzana meM yaha zruta zabda jJAnavizeSameM rUr3ha hai| arthAt eka jJAnavizeSakA nAma zrutajJAna hai| vaha zrutajJAna matipUrvaka hotA hai| arthAt pahale matijJAna hotA hai usake pazcAt zrutajJAna hotA hai| isalie matijJAna zrutajJAnakA kAraNa hai| ye donoM jJAna sabhI prANiyoMko hote haiM / zaMkA-sunakarake jo jJAna hotA hai vahI zrutajJAna kyoM nahIM hai ? 1. 'zrutazabdo'yaM zravaNamupAdAya vyutpAdino'pi rUr3hivazAt kasmiMzcijjJAnavizeSe vartate ............kaH punarasau zAnavizeSa iti / ata Aha-zrutaM matipUrvamiti / sarvArthasi0 1-20 /
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________________ jaina nyAya samAdhAna- nahIM, kyoMki aisA mAnanese to zrutajJAna matijJAna ho hA jAyegA / matijJAna bhI zabdako sunakara 'yaha 'go' zabda hai' aisA jAnatA hai / ataH zrutajJAna, indriya aura manake dvArA jisakI kucha paryAyoMko jAna liyA gayA hai aura kucha paryAyoMko nahIM jAnA hai aise zabda aura usake vAcyako zrotrendrikI sahAyatA ke binA hI jAnatA hai / 278 saMkSepa meM matijJAnase jAne hue padArtha meM manakI sahAyatAse honevAle vizeSa jJAnako zrutajJAna kahate haiM / cUMki matijJAna pA~coM indriyoMkI aura manako sahAyatAse utpanna hotA hai ataH pA~coM indriyoM aura manase jJAta viSayako hI Alambana lekara zrutajJAna vyApAra karatA hai / isalie zrutajJAnake do bheda ho gaye haiM- eka anakSarAtmaka zrutajJAna aura eka akSarAtmaka zrutajJAna / zrotrendriyake sivA zeSa cAra indriyoMse kisI bhI indriya aura manako sahAyatA se honevAle matijJAnapUrvaka jo zrutajJAna hotA hai use anakSarAtmaka zrutajJAna kahate haiM / aura zrotrendriyajanya matijJAnapUrvaka jo zrutajJAna hotA hai use akSarAtmaka zrutajJAna kahate haiM / jaise kisIne kahA - 'jIva hai' / zrotrendriyake dvArA isa zabdako sunanA matijJAna hai / aura usake nimitta se jIva nAmaka padArthake astitvako jAnanA akSarAtmaka zrutajJAna hai arthAt akSararUpa zabdase utpanna hue jJAnako bhI kArya meM kAraNakA upacAra karake akSarAtmaka kahA jAtA hai / vAstava meM jJAna akSararUpa nahIM hotA / akSarAtmakakA dUsarA nAma zabdaja bhI hai / tathA, zotala pavanakA sparza honase jo zItala pavanakA jJAna huA, vaha matijJAna hai / aura usa jJAnase vAyu prakRtivAle manuSyako jo yaha jJAna hotA hai ki 'yaha vAyu mujhe anukUla nahIM hai' yaha anakSarAtmaka zrutajJAna hai / kyoMki yaha jJAna akSara ke nimittase nahIM huA / isakA dUsarA nAma liMgaja zrutajJAna bhI haiM / zrutajJAnake ina akSara aura anakSara bhedoMkA sabase prAcIna ullekha akalaMkadevake tattvArtha e vArtika meM milatA hai / unhoMne zrutajJAnakA varNana karate hue anya darzanoMmeM mAne gaye anumAna, upamAna, zabda, aitihya, arthApatti, sambhava aura abhAva nAmaka pramANoMkA antarbhAva zrutajJAnameM kiyA hai / unakA kahanA hai ki zabda pramANa to zrutajJAna hI hai| tathA zeSa pramANoMke dvArA jAnatA hai usa samaya ve anakSara zruta haiM aura jaba vaha inake jJAna karAtA hai to ve akSara zruta hai / jaba jJAtA svayaM dvArA dUsaroMko 1. go0 jI0 TI0 gA0 125 / 2. sUtra 1 20, pR0 54 /
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________________ parokSapramANa Upara gommaTasAra jIvakANDakI saMskRta TIkAke AdhArapara akSara aura anakSara zrutakI jo paribhASA dI gayI hai vahI pracalita paribhASA hai| kintu akalaMkadevake ukta kathanake sAtha usakI saMgati nahIM baitthtii| usake anusAra to eka hI zrutajJAna anakSarAtmaka bhI hotA hai aura akSarAtmaka bhI hotA hai / jabataka vaha jJAna rUpa rahatA hai tabataka anakSarAtmaka hai aura jaba vaha vacanarUpa hokara dUsareko jJAna karAne meM kAraNa hotA hai taba vahI akSarAtmaka kahA jAtA hai| akalaMkadevake pUrvaja AcArya pUjyapAdane pramANake do bheda kiye haiM-svArtha aura parArtha / tathA zrutajJAnake sivAya zeSa jJAnoMko kevala svArtha pramANa batalAyA hai aura zrutajJAnako svArtha bhI batalAyA hai aura parArtha bhI batalAyA hai| jJAnAtmaka zruta svArtha hai aura vacanAtmaka zruta parArtha hai / ' yaha saba jAnate haiM ki vastuko jAnanekA mukhya sAdhana jJAna hai / jJAnake dvArA hI hama sabako jAnate haiM / aura dUsaroMko jJAna karAnekA mukhya sAdhana hai vacana / jJAtA vacanake dvArA zrotAoMko bodha karAtA hai aura vacana vyavahAra kevala zrutajJAnameM ho pAyA jAtA hai| kyoMki 'jo sunA jAye' vaha zruta isa vyutpattike anusAra zratakA artha hotA hai 'shbd'| vaktAke dvArA kahA gayA zabda zrotAke zrutajJAnameM kAraNa hotA hai| aura vaha vaktAmeM vidyamAna zrutajJAnakA kArya hai; kyoMki vaktAkA zratajJAna hI to vacanakA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| ataH zabda eka ora zrutajJAnakA kArya hai to dUsarI ora zrutajJAnakA kAraNa hai| itane spaSTIkaraNake pazcAt jaba hama akSara aura anakSara zrutakI donoM paribhASAoMkI tulanA karate haiM to pracalita paribhASAke anusAra to akSarake nimittase honevAlA zrutajJAna akSarAtmaka kahA jAtA hai aura akalaMkadevake anusAra akSaroccAraNameM nimitta jJAna akSarAtmaka hai| dUsare zabdoMmeM ekake anusAra zrotAkA zrutajJAna akSarAtmaka hai| dUsareke anusAra vaktAkA vacanAtmaka zrutajJAna akSarAtmaka hai| kintu vicAra karanepara donoM hI zrutajJAnoMko akSarAtmaka mAnanA samucita pratIta hotA hai kyoMki vAstavameM to jJAna akSarAtmaka nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki jJAna bhAvarUpa hai aura akSara dravyarUpa hai| athavA jJAna cetana hai aura akSara jar3a hai| kintu jJAna akSarake nimittase utpanna hotA hai athavA 1. 'tatra pramANaM dvividhaM, svArtha parAthaM ca / tatra svArtha pramANaM zrutavayam / zrutaM punaH svArtha bhavati parArthaM ca / zAnAtmakaM svArtha vacanAtmakaM praarthm| sarvA0 sU0 1-6 /
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________________ 28. jaina nyAya akSaroccAraNameM nimitta hotA hai, isalie use akSarAtmaka kahate haiN| aura akSarake nimittake binA jo zrutajJAna hotA hai vaha anakSara zruta hai| kintu vaha tabhItaka anakSara zruta hai jabataka vaha paropadezameM nimitta nahIM hotaa| jahAM usane vacanakA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA ki vaha bhI akSarAtmaka zruta ho jAtA hai| zrutajJAnake viSayameM akalaMkadevakA mata-ukta vivecanase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki zra tajJAnameM zabda hI pradhAna kAraNa hai / isIse akalaMkadevane apane laghIyastraya nAmaka prakaraNameM kahA hai-'zabda' yojanAse pahale jo mati, smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka aura anumAna jJAna hote haiM, ve matijJAna haiM aura zabda yojanA honese ve zrutajJAna haiN| zrutajJAnake viSayameM AcArya vidyAnandakI samIkSA-AcArya vidyAnandane apane tattvArthazlokavArtika nAmaka granthameM zrutajJAnakA svarUpa batalAte hue akalaMkadevake ukta matakI sundara samIkSA kI hai| ve kahate haiM-'vicAraNIya yaha hai ki zabdayojanApUrvaka honevAlA jJAna hI zrutajJAna hai athavA zabdayojanApUrvaka honevAlA jJAna zrutajJAna hI hai ? yadi zabdayojanApUrvaka honevAlA jJAna zra tajJAna ho hai to isameM hamArA koI virodha nahIM hai; kyoMki aisA niyama karanese zabda saMsRSTajJAna zra tajJAnake sivA anya nahIM ho sktaa| kintu yadi zabdayojanApUrvaka honevAle jJAnako hI zra tajJAna mAnA jAtA hai, to zrotrajanya matijJAnapUrvaka hI zrutajJAna ho sakegA aura cakSu Adise janya matijJAnapUrvaka va tajJAna nahIM ho sakegA aura aisA honese siddhAntameM virodha upasthita hogaa| hAM, cUMki lokavyavahAra meM zabdajanyajJAnako zruta kahA jAtA hai isalie yadi yaha niyama banAyA hai ki zabdayojanApUrvaka jo jJAna hotA hai vahI zru tajJAna hai to isase siddhAntameM bAdhA nahIM AtI; kyoMki cakSu Adise utpanna matijJAnapUrvaka honevAle zru tajJAnako bhI vAstava meM svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai / isa prakAra akalaMkadevake ukta kathanako kevala vyavahArakI dRSTi se ThIka batalAkara vidyAnanda puna: kahate haiM-athavA zabdAdvaitavAdI vaiyAkaraNoMkA mata hai ki'lokameM aisA koI jJAna nahIM hai jo zabdayojanAke binA ho, saba jJAna zabdase anuviddha hI bhAsita hote haiN|' isa ekAntavAdakA nirAkaraNa karaneke lie hI 1. "jJAnamAya matiH saMjJA cintA cAbhinibodhikam // 10 // prAGa nAmayojanAccheSaM zrutaM shbdaanuyojnaat"| 2. tattvArthazlo0, pR0 236-240 /
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________________ parokSapramANa akalaMkane zabdayojanAse pahale honevAle jJAnako matijJAna aura zabdayojanAsahita jJAnako zra tajJAna kahA hai| jo isa bAtako batalAtA hai ki yaha koI Avazyaka nahIM hai ki pratyeka jJAna zana yojanAse sahita hI ho, zabda saMsargake binA bhI jJAna ho sakatA hai| yahAMtaka vidyAnandako 'zabda saMsRSTa jJAna zra tajJAna ho hotA hai| yaha bAta to mAnya hai, kintu 'zabda saMsRSTa jJAna hI zra tajJAna hotA hai' yaha mata mAnya nahIM hai| parantu akalaMkadevake pradhAna TIkAkAra tathA ananya anuyAyo vidyAnanda aka. laMka matakA virodha karake bhI use Agama aura yuktike pratikUla batalAnekA sAhasa to nahIM ho kara sakate ataH zabdAdvaitakA khaNDana karake ve punaH prakRta carcAkI ora Ate haiM aura akalaMka matakA samarthana karate hue kahate haiM-'jana. darzanameM vacanake do bheda haiM-dravyavAk aura bhAvavAk / dravyavAkke bhI do bheda haiM-eka dravyarUpa aura eka paryAyarUpa / paryAyarUpa dravyavAk zrotrendriyase grAhya hai| isI vAkko zabdAdvaitavAdI vaikharI athavA madhyamA nAmase kahate haiN| bhASAvargaNArUpa jo pudgala hai vaha dravyarUpa vAk hai| yaha dravyarUpa vacana saba jJAnoMkA anugAmo nahIM hai / arthAt sabhI jJAnoMmeM dravyarUpa vacana nahIM pAyA jaataa| tathA jJAnAvaraNake kSaya athavA kSayopazamase yukta AtmAmeM jo bolanekI sUkSma zakti hai vahI bhAvavAk hai / isa bhAvavAkke binA kisIke mukhase kabhI bhI vacana nahIM nikala sktaa| sarvajJa bhagavAnke bho ananta jJAnazaknike pratApase ho vacanakA udbhava hotA hai / yaha bhAvavAk rUpa zakti samasta AtmAoMmeM pAyI jAtI hai; kyoMki vaha cetanA sAmAnyakA dharma hai / usa zaktirUpa jJAna aura zabdake binA zrutajJAna nahIM ho sakatA / AgamameM sUkSma nigodiyA jIvake sabase jaghanya labdhyakSara nAmaka kuzruta jJAna kahA hai, jo sadA udghATita rahatA hai aura sparzana indriya janya kumati jJAnapUrvaka hotA hai| ataH matijJAna pUrvaka honevAle samasta zrutajJAnameM akSarajJAna avazya rahatA hai isalie akalaMkadevane jo yaha niyama kiyA hai ki zabdayojanA honese hI zrutajJAna hotA hai usameM koI virodha nahIM aataa| isa tarahake upadezako paramparA pAyI jAtI hai tathA yuktise bhI yaha bAta siddha hai| isa prakAra vidyAnandane bhI akalaMkadevake ukta matako antameM Agama aura 1. tattvArtha zlo0, pR0 241-242 / 2. 'ityalaM prapaJcena, 'zrutaM zabdAnuyojanAdeva' ityavadhAraNasyAkalakAbhipretasya kadAcid virodhAbhAvAt tathA sampradAyasyAvicchedAdyuktyanugrahAcca sarvamatipUrvakasyApi zrutasyAkSarajJAnatvaM vyavasthite:-tattvArthazlo0, pRSTha 242 /
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________________ 282 jaina nyAya yuktike AdhArapara ThIka batalAyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki zAstroMmeM kahA hai ki pratyeka saMsArI jIvake mati, zruta athavA kumati, kuzruta jJAna avazya rahate haiM / yahA~ taka ki sUkSma nigodiyA labdhyaparyAptaka jIvake bhI, jisake kevala eka sparzana indriya hai, sparzana indriyase honevAle kumatijJAnapUrvaka kuzrutajJAna bhI hotA hai / usa kuzrutajJAnakA nAma labdhyakSara hai aura vaha jJAna sadA vikasita rahatA hai, kabhI bhI usakA lopa nahIM hotaa| isakA yaha matalaba huA ki labdhirUpameM akSarajJAna pratyeka jIvameM vartamAna rahatA hai| ataH zrotrendriya athavA anya indriyoMse honevAle matijJAnapUrvaka zra tajJAnameM akSarajJAna avazya rahatA hai / isalie zabdayojanAsahita jJAna hI zrutajJAna hai / ' pUrvAcAryoMke vacanoMkA anuzIlana karanese bhI isI bAtako puSTi hotI hai| prathama to tattvArthasUtrakArane hI zru tajJAnake bheda aMga aura aMgabAhya batalAye haiM, ye donoM bheda zabda aura tajjanya jJAnako apekSA hI hote haiN| dUsare pUjyapAdane zrutajJAnakA vyAkhyAna karate hue zratako anAdinidhana batalAyA hai tathA usake apauruSeya honekA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai; (kyoMki mImAMsaka vedako apauruSeya mAnate haiM) aura zrutapUrvaka zrutakA udAharaNa dete hue likhA hai ki jaise kisIne 'ghaTa' zabda sunA, phira A~khoMse ghaTako dekhA, usake pazcAt 'yaha ghaTa hai' aisA jAnA phira yaha ghaTa pAnI bharaneke kAma AtA hai aisA jAnA / ye saba bhI isI bAtakI puSTi karate haiN| tIsare samantabhadra svAmIne zratako 'syAdvAda' zabdase kahA hai| aura jo anekAntakA pratipAdana karatA hai use syAdvAda kahA hai / isase bhI isI bAtakI puSTi hotI hai ki zru tajJAna meM zabdakI pradhAnatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparAmeM to zrutajJAnamAtra zabdaja hI hotA hai / zrutajJAnake viSayameM zvetAmbara mAnyatA-zvetAmbara sAhityameM zrutajJAnako carcA vistArase kI gayI hai| jinabhadragaNikA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya isa dRSTise ullekhanIya hai / gaNijIne zrutaMjJAnako matijJAnakA hI eka bheda mAnA hai| indriya aura manake nimittase utpanna honevAlA saba jJAna matijJAna hI hai| kevala paropadeza aura Agamake vacanoMse utpanna honevAlA jJAnavizeSa zrutajJAna hai| AcArya siddhasena . 1. 'zrutaM matipUrva dayanekadvAdazabhedam // 20 // ' ta0 sU0 1 zrA| 2. sarvA0si0 suu01-20| 3. 'syAdvAdakevalajJAne-A0 mI0 kA0 105 / 4. 'maibhezro ceva suyaM' -vize0 bhA0 gA0 86 /
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________________ parokSapramANa 283 kRta mAnI jAnevAlI 'nizcaya dvAtriMzikA meM to zrutako matise bhinna mAnanA vyartha hI batalAyA hai / kintu saiddhAntika pakSa isa matako mAnya nahIM karatA / vaha zrutajJAnako matijJAnase bhinna to mAnatA hai, kintu use matikA hI eka rUpAntara mAnatA hai / vizeSa isa prakAra hai mati aura zrutameM bheda batalAte hue vizeSAvazyaka bhASyakAra likhate haiM: "matikA lakSaNa judA hai aura zrutakA lakSaNa judA hai; mati kAraNa hai zruta usakA kArya hai, matike bheda jude haiM aura zrutake bheda jude haiM, zrutajJAnakI indriya kevala zrotra hai aura matijJAnakI indriyA~ sabhI haiM, matijJAna mUka hai, zruta vAcAla hai, ityAdi kAraNoMse mati aura zrutameM bheda hai / indriya aura manakI sahAyatA se zabdAnusArI jo jJAna hotA hai, jo ki apane meM pratibhAsamAna arthakA pratipAdana karane meM samartha hotA hai, use zrutajJAna kahate haiM / Azaya yaha hai ki 'ghaTa' zabdako sunakara ghaTa arthake sAtha usakI saMgati karanepara jo antaraMga meM 'ghaTa' 'ghaTa' zabdollekhase sahita jJAna utpanna hotA hai vaha zrutajJAna hai / zabdollekhasahita utpanna huA yaha jJAna apane meM pratibhAsamAna arthake pratipAdaka zabdako utpanna karatA hai aura usase dUsare zrotAko bodha hotA hai / arthAt zrutajJAnake dvArA jJAtA svayaM bhI jAnatA hai aura usase dUsaroMko bhI jJAna karAtA hai / tathA indriya aura manake nimittase jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai jo ki zabdAnusArI nahIM hotA, use matijJAna kahate haiM / zaMkA- yadi zabdollekhasahita jJAnako zrutajJAna aura zeSako matijJAna mAnate haiM to kevala avagraha hI matijJAna ho sakegA, IhA, apAya, Adi matijJAna nahIM kahe jA sakeMge; kyoMki unameM zabdakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai / samAdhAna - ukta zaMkA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki yadyapi IhA vagairaha jJAna bhI zabdollekha sahita hote haiM; kintu ve zabdAnusArI jJAna nahIM haiM, jo zabdollekha sahita jJAna zabdAnusArI hotA hai, vahI zrutajJAna hotA hai / zaMkA --- yadi zabdAnusArI jJAnako zrutajJAna mAnate haiM to ekendriyoMke zruta 1. ' vaiyarthyAtiprasaMgAbhyAM na matyabhyadhikaM zrutam // 16 // 2. vi0 bhA0 gA0 67 / 3. 'iMdiyamagoNimittaM jaM biyANaM suyANasA reAM / niyamatyuttisamatthaM taM bhAvasuyaM maI sesaM // 100 // vize0 bhA0 /
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________________ 24. jaina nyAya zAna nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki unameM zabdAnusArIpanA nahIM hai| kintu AgamameM ekendriyoMke zrutajJAna mAnA hai ? samAdhAna--dravyazruta ( zabda ) ke abhAvameM bhI ekendriyoMke bhAvazruta mAnanA cAhie / arthAt yadyapi ekendriyoMke dravyazruta nahIM hotA phira bhI jJAnAvaraNa karmake kSayopazama rUpa bhAvazruta hotA hai| isa taraha mati aura zrutakA lakSaNa bhinna-bhinna honese mati aura zrutameM bheda hai| tathA matipUrvaka hI zruta hotA hai isalie bhI mati aura zruta bhinna-bhinna haiM / zaMkA-dUsarese zabda sunakara jo matijJAna utpanna hotA hai vaha to zrutapUrvaka hai; kyoMki Apane zabdako zruta kahA hai| ataH zrutapUrvaka bhI matijJAna hotA hai| __ samAdhAna-dUsarese zabda sunakara jo matijJAna utpanna hotA hai vaha dravyazrutase utpanna hotA hai; kyoMki zabda kevala dravyazrata hai, bhAvazru ta usakA kAraNa nahIM hai| ataH mati bhAvatha tapUrvaka nahIM hotaa| dravyazru tapUrvaka hotA hai to hoo, usake honese koI doSa nahIM aataa| ___ tathA matijJAna aura zru tajJAnameM indriya bheda bhI hai| kyoMki zrotrendriyake dvArA honevAle jJAnako ho zru tajJAna kahate haiN| kintu 'zrotrendriyake dvArA hone vAle jJAnako zruta hI kahate haiM' aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki zrotrendriyake dvArA honevAlA jJAna matijJAna bhI ho sakatA hai| unameM jo jJAna zabdAnusArI hotA hai vahI zrata hai| tathA zrotrendriya aura zeSa indriyoMke dvArA jo jJAna hotA hai vaha mati hai kintu itanA vizeSa hai ki cakSu Adi zeSa cAra indriyoMmeM jo zru tAnusArI zabdollekhasahita jJAnarUpa akSara lAbha hotA hai vaha bhI zru tajJAna hai| zaMkA-isa taraha to zru tajJAna aura matijJAna donoM hI saba indriyoMke nimittase hue kahe jaayeNge| phira donoMmeM indriyabheda kaise rahA? samAdhAna--ApakA kahanA ThIka hai, kintu yadyapi zeSa indriyoMke dvArA AyA honese usa akSaralAbhako zeSa indriyoMke dvArA honevAlI upalabdhi kahA jAtA hai, phira bhI cUMki vaha zabdAtmaka hai ataH vaha thotrendriyake ho grahaNa yogya hotA hai| isalie vAstava meM vaha zrotrendriyake dvArA honevAlI upalabdhi ho hai| aura aisA honese vAstava meM zratajJAna zrotra indriyake nimittase hI hotA hai kintu matijJAna zrotrendriya tathA zeSa saba indriyoMke nimittase hotA hai|
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________________ parokSapramANa 285 sArAMza yaha hai ki zabdakA anusaraNa karake jo mativizeSa utpanna hote haiM vaha saba zrutajJAna hI hai| aura jo zabdakA anusaraNa na karake vastutattvakA avalokana karanese svayaM hI mativizeSa utpanna hote haiM vaha zuddha matijJAna hai| kucha vyAkhyAtA aisA mAnate haiM ki jo mativizeSa zabdAnusArI hote hue bhI zabdakI pravRttise rahita haiM aura kevala hRdayameM hI sphurita hote haiM ve matijJAna hI hai| kintu aisA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki aisA mAnanese bhAvayu take abhAvakA prasaMga upasthita hogaa| matijJAna aura zra tajJAnake dvArA jAne gaye padArthoMmeM-se jo padArtha kahe jAneke yogya hai vaha bhAvazruta hai| arthAt antarvikalpameM tairate hue jo padArtha bhASaNake yogya hai, bhale hI unakA kathana na kiyA jAye, kintu bhASaNake yogya honese ve bhAva ta haiM / ataH matijJAnake dvArA jAne gaye anabhilApya artha bhASaNake ayogya hote haiM ataH ve bhAvazruta nahIM haiM / kintu jo bhASaNake yogya haiM, bhale hI unakA kathana na kiyA jAye, phira bhI vikalpa meM pratibhAsita aise saba artha bhAvazru ta kahe jAte haiN| sArAMza yaha hai ki jo ghaTAdi padArtha kathana karaneke yogya hote hue bhI zabdAnusArI na honese zra tajJAna meM upayukta jIvoMke dvArA kathana nahIM kiye jAte, tathA jo arthaparyAya rUpa honese vAcaka zabdake abhAvase kathana karaneke ayogya hai, aise artha jisa jJAna meM pratibhAsita hoM, vaha matijJAna hai, zra tajJAna nahIM hai, kyoMki aisA jo jJAna kathana karane ke yogya vastuko viSaya karatA hai vaha to zabdA. nusArI nahIM hai aura jo kathana karaneke ayogya vastuoMko viSaya karatA hai vaha bhASaNake ayogya hai| isa taraha pUrvokta prakAra se kevala kathana karane yogya arthako hI viSaya karaneke kAraNa jitanA bhI zru tajJAna hai saba zabdakA pariNAma hai| zabdase yahA~ paropadezarUpa zabda tathA grantharUpa zabda liyA gayA hai| usase utpanna honevAlA jJAna zabda pariNAma rUpa hotA hI hai| kintu matijJAna zabda pariNAmarUpa bhI 1. "je akkharANusAreNa maI visesA tayaM suyaM savvaM / je uNa suyaniravekkhA suddha ciya taM mainnANaM // " // 144 // vize0 bhA0 / 2. vize0 bhA0, gA0 145 / 3. "evaM dhaNi pariNAmaM suyanANaM ubhayahA mainnANaM / jaM bhinnasahAvAhaM tAI to bhinna rUvAI ||15||"-vishe0 bhASya /
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________________ jaina nyAya hotA hai aura a-zabda pariNAmarUpa bhI hotA hai; kyoMki vaha bhASaNa ke yogya arthako bhI viSaya karatA hai aura bhASaNa ke ayogya arthako bhI viSaya karatA hai| ataH zabdakI apekSA na karake apanI buddhise hI vikalpita kathana yogya padArthomeM dhvani pariNAma matijJAnameM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| kintu jisa matijJAnakA viSaya anabhilApya (kathana karaneke ayogya) padArtha hotA hai usameM dhvani pariNAma nahIM pAyA jAtA; kyoMki anabhilApya padArthoMko svayaM jAnakara bhI, unake vAcaka zabdoMke na honese na to unakA antarvikalpa hotA hai aura na dUsaroMke prati unakA kathana kiyA jA sakatA hai|' ukta vivecanakA sAra yaha hai ki pustaka AdimeM aMkita lipirUpa akSara aura mukhase uccArita zabdarUpa akSarako dravyazruta kahate haiM / cUMki zrutajJAna matijJAnapUrvaka hotA hai isalie dravyazrutase avagraha, IhA Adi jJAna bhI utpanna hote haiM arthAt pustakapara aMkita akSaroMko dekhakara tathA zabda sunakara prArambhameM to ava. graha Adi matijJAna hI hotA hai, kintu akSararUpa honese dravyazruta mukhyarUpase zrutajJAnakA hI asAdhAraNa kAraNa hai| ataH zrutajJAnakA kAraNa honese dravyazratakA antarbhAva zrutajJAnameM hI kiyA jAtA hai| tathA dravyazruta dUsaroMko jJAna karAnemeM kAraNa hai isIse zrutajJAnako bho paraprabodhaka mAnA jAtA hai|' isa zvetAmbara mAnyatAke sAtha digambara mAnyatAkA koI virodha lakSita nahIM hotA; kyoMki digambara mAnyatA bhI zrutajJAnako parArtha-paraprabodhaka batalAtI hai aura usake parArtha honekA kAraNa hai zrutajJAnakA vacanAtmaka honaa| vacanAtmaka zruta hI dravyazruta hai aura jJAnAtmaka zruta bhAvazruta hai / yadi jJAnAtmaka zrutameM arthAt zrutajJAnameM akSarabodha na ho to vaha vacanAtmaka zrutakA rUpa nahIM le sktaa| ataH jo jJAna zabdase janya hai aura zabdakA janaka hai vahI zrutajJAna hai| aisA jJAna binA zabdayojanAke nahIM ho sktaa| isIse akalaMkadevane zabdayojanA sahita jJAnako zrutajJAna kahA hai / 'zabdayojanAsahita jJAna dhrutajJAna ho hotA hai' isa viSayameM digambara para. mparAke kisI pakSako Apatti nahIM hai| kintu 'zabdayojanAsahita jJAna hI zrutajJAna hotA hai' isa viSayameM eka pakSako Apatti hai, jisakA nirdeza AcArya vidyAnandake dvArA kiye gaye akalaMkadevake ukta matake virodhameM milatA hai| kintu vaha Apatti kevala dRSTibhedakA pariNAma hai, usameM vizeSa tathya nahIM hai, yaha bAta bhI vidyAnandake dvArA kiye gaye akalaMka devake samarthanase spaSTa ho jAtI hai| isake lie eka udAharaNa paryApta hai--eka manuSya bAra-bAra hAthako muMhake pAsa le
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________________ parokSapramANa jAtA hai / usako dekhanevAle manuSyako usakI isa kriyAkA avagraha Adi jJAna hotA hai / phira 'yaha bhUkhA hai, bhojana karanA cAhatA hai' isa prakArakA zrutajJAna hotA hai / digambara paramparAke eka pakSake anusAra yaha zrutajJAna zabdajanya nahIM hai kintu saMketajanya hai / isIse use anakSarAtmaka zruta kahA jAtA hai / parantu zvetAmbara - paramparA ke anusAra cU~ki zrutajJAnamAtrameM zabda nimita hai / isalie isa zrutajJAnameM bhI zabda nimita hai| unakA kahanA hai ki bhUkhA manuSya gUMgA honeke kAraNa athavA anya kisI kAraNase bola na sakaneke kAraNa 'maiM bhUkhA hU~, bhojana karanA cAhatA hU~' darzakoM ko yaha zabdArthajJAna karAneke lie mu~hake pAsa hAtha le jAtA hai | ataH cU~ki zabdake dvArA kahI jAnevAlI bAtako hI vaha hAthakI ceSTAke dvArA prakaTa karatA hai, isalie usakI vaha ceSTA zabdArtha rUpa hI / ataH zabdakI taraha hI zrutajJAnakA kAraNa honese usakA antarbhAva bhI zrutameM hI hotA hai / ' ukta carcApara aura bhI adhika prakAza DAlane ke lie zvetAmbara paramparAmeM jo zrutajJAnake akSararUpa aura anakSara rUpa bheda kiye haiM, unakA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai | akSara ke tIna bheda haiM- saMjJAkSara, vyaMjanAkSara aura labdhyakSara | vibhinna lipiyoM meM aMkita AkArarUpa akSarako saMjJAkSara kahate haiM / mukhase uccArita akSaroMko vyaMjanAkSara kahate haiM / akSarake lAbhako labdhyakSara kahate haiM / arthAt zrutajJAnakA upayoga aura zrutajJAnAvaraNa karmakA kSayopazama ina donoMko labdhyakSara kahate haiM / inameM se saMjJAkSara aura vyaMjanAkSara to dravyazruta haiM aura labdhyakSara bhAvazruta hai / yaha labdhyakSara zrutajJAna kisIko pratyakSapUrvaka hotA hai aura kisIko anumAnapUrvaka hotA hai / 280 zaMkA-- Apa akSara ke lAbhako labdhyakSara kahate haiM / so puruSa, ghaTa, paTa Adi zabdoMke jJAnarUpa akSarakA lAbha saMjJI jIvoMke to ho sakatA hai, kintu asaMjJI jIvoMke nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki akSarakA lAbha paropadezapUrvaka hotA hai aura jinake mana nahIM hai unake paropadezapUrvaka akSara lAbha nahIM ho sakatA / zAyada Apa kaheM ki asaMjJI jIvoMke labdhyakSara zrutajJAna nahIM banatA to mata bano, kintu aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki AgamameM ekendriya Adi asaMjJo jItroMke bhI labdhyakSara zrata kahA hai / aura akSaralAbhake binA zrutajJAna sambhava nahIM hai / samAdhAna - saMjJAkSara aura vyaMjanAkSarakA lAbha paropadezapUrvaka hotA hai, kintu labdhyakSara kSayopazama aura indriya Adike nimittase hotA hai, ataH vaha asaMjJI jIvoMke ho sakatA hai| yahAM mukhyatA labdhyakSarakI hai, na ki saMjJAkSara aura vyaMjanAkSarakI; kyoMki yaha zrutajJAnakA adhikAra hai /
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________________ 288 jaina nyAya ata: ekendriya Adike bhI labdhyakSara zrata hotA hai| pratyeka akAra Adi akSara svaparyAya aura paraparyAyake bhedase aneka prakArakA hai / Azaya yaha hai ki tInoM lokoMmeM paramANu, AkAza vagairaha jitane dravya hai, jitane varNa (akSara) haiM aura jitane una vargoM ke vAcya artha haiM, una sabakI milakara jitanI paryAyarAzi hotI haiM utanI hI paryAyarAzi pratyeka akArAdi akSarakI hai| usa paryAyarAzimeM se kucha svaparyAya haiM jinako saMkhyA ananta hai, aura zeSa anantAnanta guNI paraparyAya haiM / udAharaNake lie, kalpanA kIjie ki sarvadravyaparyAya rAzikA pramANa eka lAkha hai, aura saba padArthokA pramANa eka hajAra hai| una eka hajAra padArthoMmeM se eka akAra padArthako svaparyAya kevala sau haiM jo ki satsvarUpa haiM, aura zeSa saba yAnI so kama eka lAkha paraparyAya haiM, jo nAsti svarUpa haiN| isI taraha ikAra Adi pratyeka padArthako svaparyAya aura paraparyAya jAnanI caahie| aba prazna yaha hai ki svaparyAya kauna haiM aura paraparyAya kauna hai ? udAtta, anudAtta, sAnunAsika, nira. nunAsika Adi jo paryAya akArAdi akSarakI apanI hai, tathA jo paryAya akArA. dike sAtha anya varNakA saMyoga honese hotI haiM ve saba usako svaparyAya haiM, ve svaparyAya ananta haiM kyoMki usa eka akArAdi akSarake vAcya dravya ananta hai| ata: usa akArAdi akSarameM una ananta dravyoMko kathana karanekI bhinna-bhinna ananta zaktiyA~ haiM / yadi aisA na mAnA jAyegA to usa akArAdi akSarake saba vAcya eka rUpa ho jAyeMge kyoMki ve ekarUpa varNake vAcya haiN| zeSa ikAra Adi sambandhI tathA ghaTa-paTa Adi sambandhI jo paryAyeM haiM ve akArako paraparyAya hai, kyoMki una saba paryAyoMkA 'a'meM abhAva hai, ataH ve paryAya nAstirUpa haiN| isI taraha ikAra Adi akSaroMko bhI svaparyAya aura paraparyAya samajhanI caahie| zaMkA-yadi akArase bhinna ikAra, ghaTa, paTa Adiko paryAyoMko paraparyAya kahate haiM to ve paraparyAyeM akArakI kaise haiM ? aura yadi ve akArakI hI paryAyeM haiM to unheM ghaTAdi kI paraparyAyeM kyoM kahate haiM ? samAdhAna-yataH akAra, ikAra Adi akSaroMmeM ghaTAdi paryAyoMkA astitva nahIM hai, isalie unheM paraparyAya kahA hai| kintu ve saba paraparyAya nAstitvarUpase to akArase sambaddha hI haiM aura isa dRSTise ve bhI akArako svaparyAyeM haiM, kintu astitvarUpase ghaTAdi paryAyeM ghaTAdimeM hI rahatI haiN| isalie ve akSarakI paraparyAya kahI jAtI haiM / vastukA svarUpa do prakArakA hai-~-eka astitvarUpa aura dUsarA nAstitvarUpa / ataH jo paryAya jisa vastumeM astitvarUpase rahatI hai, vaha usako svaparyAya kahI jAtI hai aura jo paryAya jisa vastumeM nAstitvarUpase rahatI
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________________ parokSapramANa 289 hai, vaha usakI paraparyAya kahI jAtI hai| yahA~ 'sva' aura 'para' zabda kevala nimittabhedako batalAte haiN| ataH akSarameM ghaTAdiparyAyoMkA astitva nahIM hai, isalie unheM paraparyAya kahA hai| kintu isakA yaha matalaba nahIM hai ki ve paraparyAya akSarase sarvathA asambaddha haiM ? nAstitvarUpase ye paryAya akArake sAtha sambaddha haiN| yadi ghaTAdi paryAyoMkA nAstitvarUpase akSarake sAtha sambandha nahIM mAnA jAyegA to una paryAyoMkA akSarameM astitva mAnanA par3egA; kyoMki astitva aura nAstitva dharma parasparameM vyavacchedarUpa haiM, jahA~ jisakA astitva nahIM hotA vahAM usakA nAstitva hotA hai aura jahAM jisakA nAstitva nahIM hotA vahAM usakA astitva hotA hai| ataH pratyeka vastU svarUpako apekSA ho sata hai| isalie pratyeka vastumeM svarUpake sivA anya samasta ghararUpoMkA abhAva pAyA jAtA hai| vaha pararUpoMkA abhAva bhI uma vastukA svadharma hI hai; kyoMki usake binA vastukA vastutva kAyama nahIM raha sakatA / vastukA bastutva do bAtoMpara kAyama hai-svarUpakA grahaNa aura pararUpoM kA tyAga / ataH samasta dravyoMkI jitanI paryAyeM hotI hai utanI hI pratyeka akSarako paryAya haiN| yaha bAta kebala akSarake viSayameM hI nahIM hai, kintu loka meM vartamAna jitanI bhI vastue~ haiM una sabake viSayameM samajhanA caahie| kintu yahA~ akSarakI carcA hai isalie yahA~ usIkI paryAya rAzi batalAyI hai| akSarako usa paryAyarAzimeM kucha svaparyAyeM haiM aura zeSa paraparyAyeM haiM, jo vastue~ abhilApya haiM ve saba akSarake dvArA kahI jAtI haiN| ata: una abhilApya vastuoMko kathana karaneko zaktirUpa sabhI paryAya akSarakI svaparyAyeM haiM, zeSa jo anabhilApya haiM ve paraparyAyeM haiM / cUMki anabhilApya vastuoMke anantaveM bhAga abhilApya vastu hai, isalie akArAdi vargoM kI svaparyAyeM thor3I haiM, aura paraparyAyeM anantaguNI haiN| isa taraha apanI samasta paryAya pramANa akSarakA anantavA bhAga kevalIke sivA samasta jovoMke sadA udghATita rahatA hai, kabhI bhI AvRta nahIM hotaa| usake tIna bheda haiM-jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa / sabase jaghanya akSarakA anantavAM bhAga pRthivo Adi ekendriya jIvoMke hotA hai / utkRSTase AvaraNa honepara bhI yaha kabhI AcchAdita nahIM hotaa| Age vizuddhi honepara dvIndriya Adi jIvoMke kramase yaha bar3hatA hai| utkRSTa akSarakA anantavA~ bhAga sampUrNa zrutajJAniyoMke hotA hai| ekendriya aura sampUrNa zrutajJAniyoMke madhyavartI jIvoMke madhyama akSarakA anantavA~ bhAga hotA hai|
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________________ 290 jaina nyAya zaMkA--sampUrNa zra tajJAnIke akSarakA anantavA bhAga zra tajJAna kaise ho sakatA hai ? usako to sampUrNa zrutajJAnAkSara honA cAhie / samAdhAna--ApakA kahanA ThIka hai, kintu kevalAkSarakI apekSAse hI sampUrNa zru tajJAnIke akSarakA anantavA bhAga batalAyA hai; kyoMki sAmAnya akSarakI vivakSA honepara kevalAkSarako apekSAse sampUrNa zru tajJAnAkSara anantavA bhAga hai| aura aisA honA ucita hI hai; kyoMki kevalajJAnakI svaparyAyoMse zru tajJAnako svaparyAya ananta bhAga hai| yaha akSara zru tajJAna hai / zvAsocchvAsa, thUkanA, khAMsanA, jaMbhAI Adike zabda anakSara zrata hai; kyoMki vaha kevala zabdamAtra hai, akSararUpa nahIM hai| kisI manuSyake dIrghazvAsakA zabda sunakara 'yaha zokameM hai' isa prakArakA zratajJAna hotA hai| yaha zrutajJAna zabdase utpanna honepara bhI akSararUpa zabdase utpanna nahIM huA, isalie ise anakSara zru ta kahate haiM / isa taraha zvetAmbara paramparAmeM bhI zra tajJAnake akSararUpa aura anakSararUpa bheda haiM, kintu ve donoM hI zabdaja haiN| antara kevala itanA hai ki akSararUpa zrutajJAna akSarAtmaka zabdase utpanna hotA hai aura anakSara rUpa zra tajJAna anakSararUpa zabdase janya hotA hai| kintu digambara paramparAmeM zabdaja zru tajJAnako akSarAtmaka zrata aura liMgaja zra tajJAnako anakSarAtmaka zruta mAnA gayA hai, parantu yaha spaSTa hai ki zra tajJAnameM zabdako hI pradhAnatA hai yaha bAta digambara paramparA. ko bhI iSTa hai / digambara jaina Agamika paramparAke mAnya grantha zrI gomaTTasAra (jIvakANDa )meM zru tajJAnakA varNana prArambha karate hue kahA hai-'NiyameNiha sadda pamuhaM / / 315 // ' isakA vyAkhyAna karate hue TIkAkArane likhA hai ki"dha tajJAnake prakaraNameM zabdaja akSarAtmaka aura liMgaja anakSarAtmaka bhedoM meM se varNa-pada-vAkyAtmaka zabdase janita zra tajJAnakI hI pradhAnatA hai; koMki dena-lena, paThana-pAThana Adi saba vyavahAroMkA vahI mUla hai| yadyapi liMgaja anakSarAtmaka zra tajJAna ekendriyase lekara paMcendriya paryanta jIvoMke hotA hai phira bhI vyavahAroMmeM anupayogI honese vaha apradhAna hai| tathA jo 'zra yate' arthAta zrotrendriyake dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, use zru ta athavA zabda kahate haiN| aura zabdase utpanna arthajJAnako zra tajJAna kahate hai" isa vyutpattise bhI akSarAtmaka zra tajJAnakI hI pradhAnatA spaSTa hotI hai|' 1. 'kasasi nIsasiaMnicchUTaM khAsinaM ca chiiaNc| nissiMdhiyamaNusAraM aNakkharaM cheliyAINaM' ||501||-vi0 bhA0 /
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________________ parokSapramANa yaha kahaneko AvazyakatA nahIM hai ki digambara paramparAmeM, jisa anakSarAtmaka zrutajJAnako liMgaja kahA hai, vaha bho zvetAmbara paramparAmeM zabdaja ho hai, kintu vaha varNa-pada-vAkyAtmaka zabdase utpanna nahIM huA isalie use anakSarAtmaka kahate haiM / digambara bhI use isIlie anakSarAtmaka kahate haiM ki vaha varNa-pada. vAkyAtmaka zabdase utpanna nahIM huA; kyoMki ve bho varNa-pada-vAkyAtmaka zabdase utpanna zru tajJAnako akSarAtmaka kahate haiN| kintu jo zru tajJAna varNa-pada-vAkyAtmaka zabdase utpanna nahIM huA, para anakSararUpa zabdase hI utpanna huA hai, use to anakSarAtmaka zra tajJAnameM hI zAmila karanA hogaa| aba prazna kevala una zru tajJAnoMkA raha jAtA hai jo zabdaja nahIM hai| zvetAmbara paramparAke anusAra aisA koI zrutajJAna hI nahIM hai jo zabdaja na ho| tathA akalaMkadevake anusAra bho zabdayojanA honese hI jJAna zra ta. jJAna hotA hai| tattvArthavAtikameM bhI zru tajJAnakA viSaya batalAte hue akalaMkadevane likhA hai--'zru ta' bhI zabdaliMga hai aura kevala saMkhyAta hai, jaba ki dravyaparyAya asaMkhyAta aura ananta haiN| ataH zru tajJAna una sabako vizeSAkArase viSaya nahIM kara sktaa| kahA bhI hai--anabhilApya padArthoM ke anantaveM bhAgapadArtha abhilApya haiN| aura abhilApya padArthoM kA anantavA~ bhAga zru tameM nibaddha hotA hai|' aba prazna yaha hotA hai ki yadi zru tajJAna zabdaja ho hai to ekendriya Adi jIvoMke zra tajJAna kaise hotA hai ? tayA paMcendriyoMke zrotrendriyake sivA anya indriyajanya matijJAnapUrvaka zrutajJAna kaise ho sakegA ? digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoMmeM ekendriya Adi jIvoMke labdhyakSara nAmakA zru tajJAna mAnA hai, jisakA ullekha pahale kara Aye haiM / yaha zra tajJAna sadA saba jIvoMke udghATita rahatA hai, kabhI bhI AvRta nahIM hotaa| zvetAmbara. paramparAmeM yaha labbyakSara zra tajJAna akSarAtmaka zru tajJAna mAnA jAtA hai; kyoMki unake yahA~ labdhyakSara bhI akSarakA ho eka bheda hai| parantu digambara paramparAmeM ise anakSarAtmaka zru ta mAnA jAtA hai| kyoMki digambara-paramparAmeM zru tajJAnake akSara nAmaka bhedase akSara zru tajJAna Arambha hotA hai, isIse akSarake pUrvavartI paryAya aura paryAya samAsa nAmaka zra tajJAna anakSarAtmaka zru tajJAna kahe jAte haiM, aura paryAya zrutajJAnakA nAma hI labdhyakSara hai| yaha zru tajJAnAvaraNakA mAtra kSayopazama rUpa 1. 'zrutamapi zabdaliGgam / zabdAzca saMkhyeyA eva, dravyaparyAyAH punaH asaMkhyeyA nantamedAH, na te sarva vizeSAkAreNa tairviSayIkriyante / uktaM ca"paNNavaNijjA bhAvA bhaNaMtabhAgo du aNabhilappANaM / paeNavaNijjANaM puNa aNaMtabhAgo sudaNibaddho ||"-tttvaa0 vA0, pR0 60 /
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________________ 292 jaina nyAya athavA arthagrahaNakI zaktirUpa hotA hai, aura isake Upara vRddhi honese ho akSara zru tajJAna hotA hai| ataH isa labdhyakSara zrutajJAnameM bhI akSarake anantaveM bhAgakA kSayopazama avazya rahatA hai aura vaha akSarakA hI paryAya rUpa hai isIse ise lavyakSara aura paryAya zra tajJAnake nAmase pukArA jAtA hai / isopara-se 'vidyAnandane yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai--sarvatra zrutajJAnameM akSarajJAna avazya rahatA hai aura isa. lie 'zabdayojanAse ho zra tajJAna hotA hai' akalaMkadevake isa kathanameM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| paMcendriyoMko bhI jo zrotraindriyake sivA anya indriyajanya matijJAnapUrvaka zrutajJAna hotA hai. usameM bhI zabdayojanA avazya rahatI hai| vaha zabdayojanA cAhe bAhya meM ho athavA abhyantarameM ho| ataH zrutajJAna hI eka aisA jJAna hai jo jJAnarUpa bhI hai aura zabdarUpa bhI hai| usase jJAtA svayaM bhI jAnatA hai aura dUsaroM ko bhI jJAna karAtA hai| isIke dvArA jJAnakA prakAza phailatA hai| isoke dvArA pUrvaja tIrthaMkaroM aura RpiyoMkA jJAna pravAhita hotA hai| koI ise zruta kahatA hai, koI zruti kahatA hai, koI Agama kahatA hai, koI veda kahatA hai| ye saba vividha mahApuruSoMke mukhase sune gaye athavA unake dvArA jAne gaye jJAnakI dhArAke pratIka hai| zrutajJAnake zvetAmbara lammata bheda zvetAmbara paramparAmeM zrutajJAnake caudaha bheda batalAte haiM jo isa prakAra hai'akSarazruta, anakSarazuta, saMjJozruta, asaMjJozruta, samyak zruta, mithyAzruta, sAdizruta, anAdizruta, saparyavasitazruta, aparyavasitazruta, gamisa zruta, agamikazruta, aMgapraviSTa, anaMgapraviSTa / ina caudaha bhedoM meM se Adike do bheda-akSarazruta, anakSarazruta aura antake do bheda aMga praviSTa, anaMgapraviSTa, (aMgabAhya) digambara paramparAmeM 1. "zabdAnuyojanAdeva zru tameva na bAdhyate / zAnazabdAdvinA tasya zaktirUpAdasaMbhavAt // 111 // labdhyakSarasya vijJAnaM nityodghATanavigraham / a tAzAne'pi hi proktaM tatra sarvajaghanyake // 11 // sparzanendriyamAtrotthe matyajJAnanimittakam / tato'kSarAdivijJAnaM zru te sarvatra sammatam // 113 / / nAkalaMkavacobAdhA saMbhavatyatra jAtucit / tAdRzaH saMpradAyasyAvicchedAyu ktyanugrahAt // 114 // " -ta0 zlo0 vA0, pR0 241 / 2. vize0 bhA0, gA0 454 / ...
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________________ parokSapramANa 293 bhI haiN| zeSa bheda bhI prAyaH aise nahIM haiM jo digambara paramparAko mAnya na ho sakeM, kintu una bhedoMkA ullekha digambara sAhityameM nahIM hai| cUMki ye bheda zrutajJAna sambandhI vividha bAtopara prakAza DAlate haiM ata: unakA svarUpa yahA~ diyA jAtA hai| akSara varNako kahate haiN| usake tIna bheda hai-saMjJAkSara, vyaMjanAkSara aura labdhyakSara / AkArarUpa akSarako saMjJAkSara kahate haiN| uccArita zabdako vyaMjanAkSara kahate haiM / aura akSarako labdhiko labdhyakSara kahate haiM / arthAt indriya aura manake nimittase jo zru tAnusArI jJAna hotA hai tathA jo akSarAvaraNakarmakA kSayopazama hotA hai, una donoMko labdhyakSara kahate haiN| ina tIna prakArake akSaroMmeM saMjJAkSara aura vyaMjanAkSara to dravyazruta haiM kyoMki ye donoM bhAva zrutameM kAraNa hote haiM aura labdhyakSara bhAva ta haiN| zaMkA-akSaralAbha paropadezapUrvaka hotA hai, ataH saMjJo jIvoMko akSaralAbha ho sakatA hai, kintu manarahita asaMjJo jIvoMko akSa ralAbha nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki ve paropadezako grahaNa nahIM kara sakate / aura AgamameM ekendriya Adi asaMjJo jIvoM ke bhI labdhyakSara zru tajJAna kahA hai / uttara-saMjJAkSara ora vyaMjanAkSarakA lAbha paropadezapUrvaka hotA hai kintu labdhyakSara kSayopazama aura indriya Adike nimittase hotA hai| ataH asaMjJojovoMke labdhyakSarazra tajJAnake hone meM koI virodha nahIM AtA / yahA~ zrutajJAnakA adhikAra honase labdhyakSarako hI mukhyatA hai saMjJAkSara aura vyaMjanAkSarakI mukhyatA nahIM hai / pratyeka akAra Adi akSarakI anantAnanta paryAyeM hotI haiN| unameM ananta to svaparyAyeM haiM aura zeSa anantAnantaguNI para paryAyeM haiN| ina paryAyoMkA kathana pahale kiyA gayA hai| sarva paryAyaparimANa akSarakA anantavA~ bhAga, kevalIko chor3akara zeSa saba jIvoMke sadA udghATita rahatA hai| usake tIna bheda hai-jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa / sabase jaghanya akSarakA anantavA~ bhAga ekendriya jIvoMke hotA hai| kramase vizaddhi honepara do indriya Adi jIvoMke kramase bar3hatA jAtA hai| dIrgha zvAsa lenA Adi anekSarazru ta haiM kyoMki kisIke dIrghazvAsako sunakara yaha zokameM hai' isa prakArakA zra tajJAna hotA hai| ____ manasahita jIvake zra tajJAna ko saMjJIzru ta kahate hai aura manara hita jIvake zrutajJAnako asaMjJozrata kahate haiN| dvAdazAMga tathA usase sambaddha zrutako samyakzru ta kahate haiM aura usake sivA anyatra tako mithyAzru ta kahate haiM / athavA samyagdRSTike zra tajJAnako samyakzruta aura mithyAdRSTike zru tAjJAnako mithyAzrata 1. vize0 bhA0, gA0 464 / 2. vize0 bhA0, gA0 502 /
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________________ 290 jaina nyAya kahate haiM / dravyAthikanayakI apekSA dvAdazAMgazru ta anAdi aura ananta hai; kyoMki jina jIvoMne isa zratako par3hA thA, athavA jo jova vartamAnameM isa zratako par3hate hai, athavA jo bhaviSya meM par3heMge, una jIvoMkA kabhI nAza nahIM hotaa| ataH jIvadravyake anAdi ananta honese, usakI paryAyarUpa zrata bhI usase abhinna hone ke kAraNa anAdi ananta hai / aura paryAyAthikanayako apekSA zrata sAdi aura sAnta hai; kyoMki zra tajJAnI jIvoMkA upayoga nirantara parivartanazIla hai| athavA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvako apekSA zrata sAdi, anAdi aura sAnta ananta hotA hai / jaise koI caudahapUrvakA dhArI sAdhu marakara svarga calA gyaa| vahAM use pahale bhavameM paThita zru takA smaraNa nahIM rhtaa| isI bhavameM bhI kisI-kisIke mithyAtvameM cale jAnepara zrutakA vinAza ho jAtA hai / athavA kevalajJAna utpanna honepara zrutakA vinAza ho jAtA hai| kSetrakI apekSA bharata aura airAvata kSetrameM samyak zruta sAdi aura sAnta hotA hai; kyoMki ina kSetroMmeM prathamatIrthakarake samayameM zrutakA AvirbhAva hotA hai, ataH vaha sAdi hai, aura antima tIrthaMkarake tIrthakA anta honepara vaha naSTa ho jAtA hai ataH sAnta hai| kAlakI apekSA bharata aura airAvatameM utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNIke tIsare kAlameM pahale-pahala prakaTa honeke kAraNa sAdi hai| tathA upiNoke caturthakAlake AdimeM aura avasarpiNIke paMcamakAlake antameM avazya naSTa ho jAnese sAnta hai| bhAvakI apekSA-guru aura zrutake dvArA prajJApanIya padArthoMko lekara zruta sAdi aura sAnta hai; kyoMki vyAkhyAna karate samaya gurukA thu ta pariNAma dhvani, tathA tAlu AdikA vyApAra vagairaha anitya hote haiN| tathA nAnA samyagdRSTi jIvoMkI apekSA zrutajJAna sadA rahatA hai, kabhI usakA vicche nahIM hotaa| pAMca mahAvideha kSetroMmeM aura unhIM videhoMmeM vartamAna kAlameM zru tajJAna sadA rahatA hai| utane kSayopazamakA sarvatra sarvadA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai| ataH dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvako apekSA zrutaMjJAna anAdi aura ananta hai| jisameM sadRza pAThoMkA bAhulya ho use gamikazru ta kahate haiM jaise dRSTivAda / aura jisameM asadRza pAThakA bAhulya ho use agamikazru ta kahate haiM, jaise kAlika zru t| gautama Adi gaNadharoMke dvArA racita dvAdazAMgarUpa zrutako aMgapraviSTa kahate haiM / aura bhadrabAhu vagairaha sthaviroMke dvArA racita zrutako anaMgapraviSTa aMgabAhya kahate haiN| isa prakAra zrutake caudaha bheda zvetAmbara sAhityameM batalAye haiN| 1. vize0 bhA0, gA0 548 /
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________________ zrutake do upayoga syAdvAda AcArya 'samantabhadrane 'tattvajJAnako pramANa' batalAkara use 'syAdvAdanayasaMskRta' batalAyA hai| aura Age likhA hai ki 'syAdvAda aura kevalajJAna ye donoM sarvatattvoMke prakAzaka haiN| ina donoMmeM kevala itanA hI antara hai ki eka parokSa hai aura dUsarA pratyakSa hai| samantabhadrakI isa uktikA vyAkhyAna karate hae akalaMkadevane tathA vidyAnandane likhA hai ki syAdvAda aura kevalajJAnakA eka sAtha prayoga karate samaya syAdvAdako kevalajJAnase pahale rakhakara AcArya samantabhadrane yaha dikhalAyA hai ki ina donoM meM se koI eka hI pUjya nahIM hai, kintu donoM hI pUjya haiM kyoMki donoM parasparameM eka-dUsareke hetu haiM / arthAt kevalajJAnase syAdvAdarUpa AgamakI utpatti hotI hai aura syAdvAdarUpa Agamake abhyAsase kevalajJAnakI utpatti hotI hai| zAyada koI kahe ki isa taraha to anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai; kyoMki jaba Agama ho to usake abhyAsase kevalajJAnakI utpatti ho aura jaba kevalajJAna utpanna ho to kevaloke upadezase AgamakA nirmANa ho| kintu aisI AzaMkA ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki pUrva sarvajJake dvArA prakAzita Agamase Age honevAle sarvajJako kevalajJAna utpanna hotA hai / aura usase uttara kAlameM AgamakA prakAza hotA hai| isa taraha sarvajJase Agama aura Agamase sarvajJa kI paramparA calatI rahatI hai| jaise sarvajJa jova, ajIva Adi tattvoMkA pratipAdana karate haiM vaise hI Agama bhI dUsaroMke lie saba tattvoMkA pratipAdana karatA hai| isalie saba jJAniyoMmeM do jJAnI hI viziSTa jJAnI kahe jAte haiM-eka bhagavAn kevalI aura eka samasta zrutameM pAraMgata zrutakevalI / ina donoMmeM kevala itanA hI bheda hotA hai ki kevalo saba dravyoM aura unakI saba paryAyoMko pratyakSa jAnate haiM / kintu zrutakevalI Agamake dvArA hI jAnatA hai / 1. 'tattvajJAnaM pramANaM te yugapatsarvabhAsanam / kramabhAvi ca yajzAnaM syAdvAdanaya saMskRtam' // 101 // -AptamI0 / 2. 'syAdvAdakevalajJAne sarvatattvaprakAzane / bhedaH sAkSAdasAkSAcca gavastvanyatamaM ___ bhavet // 105 // ' -aaptmii0| 3. aSTasa0, pR0 288 /
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________________ jaina nyAya 296 yahAM yaha batalAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai ki samantabhadra svAmIne zrutajJAnakA nirdeza 'syAdvAda' zabda se kiyA hai / isIse samantabhadrake uttarakAlavartI 'nyAyAvatAra' nAmaka prakaraNake racayitAne usakA 'syAdvAdazruta' rUpase spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai / aura use 'sampUrNa arthoM kA nizcaya karAnevAlA' kahA hai / aba yaha jJAtavya hai ki kyoM samantabhadrane tattvajJAnako 'syAdvAdanaya saMskRta' batalAkara zrutako 'syAdvAda' nAmase abhihita kiyA ? s hama pahale likha Aye haiM ki AcArya pUjyapAdane pramANake do bheda strArtha aura parArtha karake zrutajJAnake sivAya zeSa jJAnoMko svArthapramANa batalAyA hai / tathA zrutako svArtha bhI batalAyA hai aura parArtha bhI batalAyA hai / jJAnAtmaka zruta svArthapramANa hai aura vacanAtmaka zruta parArthapramANa hai | zrutajJAnameM vacana athavA zabdakI mukhyatA hai yaha bhI pahale spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai| jaba koI jJAtA zabdoMke dvArA dUsaroMpara apane jJAnako prakaTa karaneke lie tatpara hotA hai to usakA vaha zabdonmukha jJAna svArthazruta kahA jAtA hai aura jJAtA jo vacana bolatA hai ve vacana parArthazruta kahe jAte haiM / zrutapramANake hI bheda naya haiM / kintu jaise jJAna sampUrNa vastuko eka sAtha jAna sakatA hai vaise zabda sampUrNa vastuko eka sAtha nahIM kaha sakatA; kyoMki vacanakA vyApAra kramase hI hotA hai / phira jainadarzana vastuko anekAntAtmaka mAnatA hai / anta kahate haiM aMza athavA dharmako | jainadarzanako dRSTimeM pratyeka vastu aneka dharmAtmaka athavA anekadharmavAlI hai / na vaha sarvathA sat hI hai aura na sarvathA asat hI hai, na vaha sarvathA nitya hI hai aura na vaha sarvathA anitya hI hai / kintu kisI apekSAse vastu sat hai to kisI apekSAse asat hai, kisI apekSAse nitya hai to kisI apekSAse anitya hai / ata: sarvathA sat, sarvathA asat, sarvathA nitya, sarvathA anitya ityAdi ekAntoMkA nirasana karake vastukA kathaMcit sat kathaMcit asat kathaMcit nitya, kathaMcit anitya Adi rUpa honA anekAnta hai / aura anekAntAtmaka vastuke kathana karanekA nAma syAdvAda hai / syAdvAda ke binA anekadharmAtmaka vastukA 3 1. 'saMpUrNArthavinizcAyI syAdvAdazrutamucyate ' // 30 // ' - nyAyAva0 / 2. 'zrutaM svArthaM bhavati parArthaM ca / jJAnAtmakaM svArthaM vacanAtmakaM parArthaM, tadbhedA nayAH // - sarvArtha sUtra 1 - 6 / , 3. 'sadasannityAnityAdi - sarvathaikAntapratikSepalakSaNo'nekAntaH / ' pR0 286 / 4 ' anekAntAtmakArthakathanaM syAdvAda: / ' - laghIya0 vivR0, nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 686 / aSTaza0, aSTa0,
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________________ zrutake do upayoga 297 kathana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| dUsare zabdoMmeM syAdvAdake binA zrotAko vastuke aneka dharmokA jJAna nahIM karAyA jA sktaa| svAmI samantabhadrAcAryane apane AptamImAMsA nAmaka prakaraNameM zrutake lie syAvAda zabdakA prayoga kiyA hai / yathA "syAdvAdakevalajJAne sarvatattvaprakAzane / bhedaH sAkSAdasAkSAcca vastvanyatamaM bhavet // 10 // " arthAt-syAdvAda ( zruta ) aura kevalajJAna ye donoM samasta tattvoMkA prakAzana karate haiN| isa dRSTi se donoMmeM koI bheda nahIM hai; kyoMki jaise Agama dUsaroMke lie samasta jIvAdi tattvoMkA pratipAdana karatA hai vaise hI kevalI bhI karatA hai| kintu ina donoMmeM bheda yaha hai ki kevalajJAna tattvoMko pratyakSarUpase jAnatA hai aura Agama parokSarUpase / isa taraha kevalajJAna sAkSAt pratibhAsI hai aura syAdvAda (zratajJAna ) asAkSAt pratibhAsI hai| jo ina donoM jJAnoMkA aviSaya hai vaha avastu hai| siddhasena viracita nyAyAvatArameM to spaSTa rUpase syAdvAda tha takA nirdeza karate hae usako sampUrNa arthakA nizcaya karanevAlA kahA hai| yathA___ "sampUrNArthavinizcAyI sthAdvAdazrutamucyate // 30 // " / pahale likha Aye haiM ki AcArya pUjyapAdane apanI 'sarvArtha siddhi meM pramANake do bheda svArtha aura parArtha karake zrutajJAnake sivAya zeSa jJAnoMko svArthapramANa batalAyA hai| tathA zrutako svArtha bhI batalAyA hai aura parArtha bhI batalAyA hai / jJAnAtmaka zrata svArthapramANa hai aura vacanAtmaka zrata parArthapramANa hai / zrutake hI bheda naya haiN| pUrvAcAryoMke ukta kathanoMko dRSTimeM rakhakara bhaTTAkalaMkadevane zrutake do upayoga batalAye haiN| yathA "upayogau zrutasya dvau syaadvaadnysNshitau| syAdvAdaH sakalAdezo nayo vikalasaMkathA ||62||"-lghiiystry / 1..'tatra pramANaM dvividhaM svArtha parArtha c| tatra svArthapramANaM zrutavajya'm / zrutaM punaH svArtha bhavati parArtha ca / jJAnAtmaka svArtha vacanAtmakaM parArtham / tadvikalpA nayAH // ' -sarvArthasi. 1-6 /
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________________ 298 jaina nyAya arthAt zrutake do upayoga ( vyApAra ) haiM / unameM se ekakA nAma syAdvAda hai aura dUsarekA nAma hai naya / sampUrNa vastuke kathanako syAdvAda kahate haiM aura vastu ke eka deza ke kathanako naya kahate haiM / yaha pahale spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki zrutameM zabdakI mukhyatA hai / jaba koI jJAtA zabdoMke dvArA apane jJAnako dUsaroMke prati prakaTa karaneke abhimukha hotA hai to usakA vaha zabdonmukha jJAna svArthazrata kahA jAtA hai aura vaha jo vacana bolatA hai vaha parArthazra uta hai / anta svayaM jAnane kA sAdhana jJAna hai aura dUsaroMko batalAnekA sAdhana hai zabda | kintu jJAna meM aura zabda meM eka bar3A antara hai| jJAna sampUrNa vastuko eka sAtha jAna sakatA hai, kintu zabda use eka sAtha kaha nahIM sktaa| kyoMki vacanakA vyApAra kramase hotA hai / phira jainadarzana vastuko anekAntAtmaka mAnatA hai kahate haiM aMza athavA dharmako / jainadarzanake anusAra pratyeka vastu paraspara meM viruddha pratIta honevAle sApekSa aneka dharmokA samUha hai / na vaha sarvathA sat hI hai aura na sarvathA asat hI hai / na sarvathA nitya hI hai aura na vaha sarvathA anitya hI haiM / kintu kisI apekSAse vastu sat hai to kisI apekSA se asat hai / kisI apekSA se nitya hai to kisI apekSAse anitya hai / isa prakAra vastu anekAntAtmaka hai / aura anekAntAtmaka vastuke kathana karanekA nAma syAdvAda hai / tathA usa anekAntAtmaka vastuke vivakSita kisI eka dharmake sApekSa kathanakA nAma naya hai / isa taraha zrutake do upayoga hote haiM / jahA~taka nAntaroMmeM use zAbdapramANa yA AgamapramANake rUpameM usake donoM vyApAroMkA kathana darzanAntaroMmeM nahIM hai / jainadarzana kI dena hai / ataH Age una donoMkA vistArase kathana kiyA jAtA hai / zrutajJAnakA prazna hai, darzamAnA gayA hai / kintu syAdvAda aura nayavAda syAdvAda svAmI samantabhadrane AptamImAMsA meM syAdvAdakA lakSaNa isa prakAra kahA hai-"syAdvAdaH sarvathaikAntatyAgAt kiMvRttacidvidhiH / saptamaGganayApekSA yA deyavizeSakaH // 104 // " 'sarvathA ekAntako tyAga kara arthAt anekAntako svIkAra karake sAta bhaMgoM aura nayoMkI apekSAse, svabhAvakI apekSA sat aura parabhAvakI apekSA asat ityAdi rUpase jo kathana karatA hai use syAdvAda kahate haiM / cana ityAdi pratyayoM ko jor3anese jo rUpa banate haiM jaise kicit 'kiM' zabda meM cit kathaMcit, kathaMcana,
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________________ zrutake do upayoga ye saba syAdvAdake paryAya zabda haiN| 'syAdvAdake binA heya aura upAdeyako vyavasthA nahIM bntii| akalaMkadevane saMkSepameM 'anekAntAtmaka arthake kathanako syAdvAda" kahA hai tathA, sat, asat, nitya, anitya Adi sarvathA ekAntoMke nirAkaraNako anekAnta kahA hai| aba prazna yaha hai ki syAdvAda anekAntAtmaka arthakA kathana kaise karatA hai ? 'syAt' yaha liGlakArakA kriyArUpa pada bhI hotA hai aura usakA artha hotA hai-'honA cAhie' / parantu yaha vaha nahIM hai| yaha to nipAta hai| kintu nipAtarUpa syAt zabdake bhI saMzaya Adi aneka artha hote haiN| yahA~ ve saba artha na lekara kevala anekAntarUpa artha ho lenA cAhie / 'syAt' zabda anekAntakA sUcaka bhI hai, dyotaka bhI hai| vAkyake sAtha use sambaddha kara denese vaha prakRta arthakA pUrI tarahase sUcana karatA hai; kyoMki prAyazaH nipAtoMkA yahI svabhAva hotA hai| tathA nipAta dyotaka bhI hote haiM / ataH syAt zabdake anekAntakA dyotaka hone meM bho koI doSa nahIM hai| ___ koI bhI vAkya kevalajJAnakI taraha apane vAcyako eka sAtha nahIM khtaa| isIse usake sAtha vAcyavizeSakA sUcaka syAt zabda prayukta kiyA jAtA hai| ___isa prakAra anekAntake dyotanake lie sabhI vAkyoMke sAtha 'syAta' zabdakA prayoga Avazyaka hai| usake vinA anekAntakA prakAzana sambhava nahIM hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki lokika jana to saba vAkyoMke sAtha syAt padakA prayoga karate nahIM dekhe jAte / isakA uttara dete hue akalaMkadevane likhA hai-- "so'prayukto'pi sarvatra syAtkAro'rthAt pratIyate / vidhau niSedhe'pyanyatra kuzalazcet prayojakaH ||63||"--lghiiystry / ___ 'yadi zabdoMkA prayoga karanevAlA puruSa kuzala ho to syAtkAra aura evakAra. kA prayoga na kiye jAnepara bhI vidhiparaka, niSedhaparaka tathA anya prakArake vAkyoMmeM bhI syAtkAra aura evakArako pratIti svayaM ho jAtI hai|' 1. 'anekAntAtmakArthakathanaM syaadvaadH|-lghiiystry vivRti, nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 686 / 2. 'sadasannityAnityAdisarvathaikAntapratikSepalakSaNo'nekAntaH |-assttshtii, aSTasahasrI, pR0 286 / 3. sa ca tiGantapratirUpako nipaatH| tasyAnekAntavidhivicArAdiSu bahuSvartheSu saMbhavatsu iha vivakSAvazAt anekAntArtho gRhyate |'-tttvaarthvaartik, pR0 253 / 4. 'tatra kacitprayujyamAnaH syAcchabdastadvizeSaNatayA prakRtArthatattvamanavayavena sUcayati, prAyazo nipAtAnAM tatsvabhAvatvAdevakArAdivat |'-assttshsrii, pR0 286 /
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________________ jaina nyAya 300 "jo vAdI vAkyake sAtha 'syAt ' padakA prayoga karanA pasanda nahIM karate, unheM sarvathA ekAntavAdako mAnanA par3egA aura usake mAnanemeM pramANase virodha AtA hai / ataH usa virodhako dUra karaneke lie samasta vAkyoM meM 'syAt' padakA prayoga karanA cAhie / isI taraha vAkyameM evakAra ( hI ) kA prayoga na karanepara bhI sarvathA ekAntako mAnanA par3egA; kyoMki usa sthiti meM anekAntakA nirAkaraNa avazyaMbhAvI hai / jaise -- ' upayoga lakSaNa jIvakA hI hai' isa vAkya meM evakAra ( hI ) hone se yaha siddha hotA hai ki upayoga lakSaNa anya kisIkA na hokara jIvakA hI hai / ataH yadi isameM se 'ho' ko nikAla diyA jAye to upayoga ajIvakA bhI lakSaNa ho sakatA hai / aura aisA honese bAhya artha kI vyavasthAkA lopa ho jAyegA / zaMkA- vAkya ke sAtha evakArakA ( hI ) prayoga ho yA na ho, kintu usakI pratIti honA to ucita hai; kyoMki evakArake prayogase ayogavyavaccheda, anyayogavyavaccheda aura atyantAyogavyavaccheda nAmaka phala pAyA jAtA hai / jaise 'caitra dhanurdhara hI hai' isameM ayogavyavaccheda hai / kyoMki lokameM caitra dhanurdhara prasiddha nahIM hai | ataH caitra 'dharnudhara nahIM hai' isa AzaMkAko dUra karake use dhanurdhara batAneke lie 'caitra 'dhanurdhara hI hai' isa vAkyakA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai / 'pArtha hI dhanurdhara hai' isa vAkya meM anyayogavyavaccheda hai| pArtha ( arjuna ) ke dhanurdhara na honekI zaMkA kisIko bhI nahIM hai; kyoMki dhanurdhara ke rUpameM hI usakI sarvatra khyAti hai, kintu pArtha meM jo viziSTa prakArakA dhanuSadhArIpanA hai vaha jaba anya puruSoM meM bhI mAnA gayA to usakI nivRttike lie 'pArtha hI dhanurdhara hai' isa prakArakA vAkyaprayoga kiyA jAtA hai / isI taraha 'nIla kamala hotA ho hai' isa vAkya meM atyantAyogavyavaccheda hai; kyoMki 'kamala nIlA nahIM hotA' aisI AzaMkA honepara usake vyavaccheda ke lie 'nIla kamala hotA ho hai' isa prakArakA vAkyaprayoga kiyA jAtA hai | isa taraha vAkyake sAtha evakArakA prayoga to ucita hai, kintu syAtkAra - kA prayoga to niSphala hai usase koI lAbha pratIta nahIM hotA / samAdhAna -- ukta kathana ThIka nahIM hai / syAtkAra ke binA iSTakI vidhi aura aniSTakA niSedha nahIM bana sakatA / jaise, 'pArtha hI dhanurdhara hai' aisA kahanepara sarvatra sarvadA sabhI anya puruSoMmeM dhanurdharatvakA abhAva pratIta hotA hai / aura yaha bAta pratyakSa viruddha hai / zAyada kahA jAye ki jisa prakArakA dhanurdharatva pArthameM 1, nyA0 ku0 ca0, pRSTha 662 / siddhivinizcaya - pR0 647-653 |
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________________ zrutake do upayoga 3.1 / hai usa prakArakA dhanurdharatva anya SuruSoMmeM nahIM hai, yaha batalAneke lie hI 'pArtha ho dhanurdhara hai' aisA kahA gayA hai| to isa prakArakA artha syAt padake prasAdase hI liyA jAnA zakya hai| aisI sthitimeM syAt pada niSphala kaise ho sakatA hai ? tathA 'caitra dhanurdhara hai' ityAdi vAkyoMmeM dhanurdharatva Adise ayoga AdikA vyavaccheda karanevAle evakArake dvArA yadi dhanurdharatva se bhinna honeke kAraNa azabdavAcya adhanurdharatva Adiko bhI nivRtti kI jAtI hai to zUratA, udAratA Adi dharmoMkI bhI nivRtti kI jAnI cAhie; kyoMki ve bhI zabdavAcya dhanurdharatva Adise bhinna haiN| zaMkA--jisameM jisa dharmakA niyata kiyA jAtA hai usake virodhI dharmakI ho nivRtti kI jAtI hai / caitrameM dhanurdharatvakA niyama karanepara adhanurdharatva usase viruddha hai| pArthameM asAdhAraNa dhanurdharatvakI vidhi karanepara samasta jagatmeM pAyA jAnevAlA sAdhAraNa dhanurdharatva usase viruddha hai| isI taraha kamalameM nIlatvakI vidhi karanepara usameM nIlakA bilakula bhI na pAyA jAnA viruddha hai| ataH evakArase unhIM viruddha dharmokI nivRtti kI jAtI hai, zUratA Adi dharmokI nhiiN| kyoMki yadyapi zUratA Adi dharma bhI dhanurdharatva Adi dharmose bhinna hai kintu phira bhI dhanurdharatvase unakA koI virodha nahIM hai| samAdhAna--yaha to andhe sarpake bila meM praveza karaneke nyAyakA hI anusaraNa hai, syAdvAdako mAne vinA isa prakArakA vibhAga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / zaMkA--syAdvAdako mAnanepara bho eka prazna khar3A hI rahatA hai, jaba adhanurdharatva bhI zabdavAcya nahIM hai aura zUratA Adi bho zabdavAcya nahIM hai taba evakArase dhanurdharatvake virodho adhanurdharatvako ho nivRtti kyoM hotI hai, sabhIkI nivRtti kyoM nahIM hotI? samAdhAna--usakI vaisI hI sAmarthya hai| zapakA prayoga svArthakA kathana karane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai aura svArtha bhAvAbhAvAtmaka hai| svarUpako apekSAse bhAvakA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai aura pratiyogIko apekSA abhAvakA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai| virodhI dharma ho pratiyogI hotA hai avirodhI nhiiN| ataH sabakI nivRttikI zaMkA karanA ho bekAra hai / saptabhaMgI yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai ki zabda pradhAna rUpase vidhikA ho kathana karatA 1. tattvArthazlokavArtika, pR0 128 / sUtra 1-6 /
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________________ jaina nyAya 302 hai / kyoMki aisA honepara zabdase niSedhakA jJAna nahIM ho sakegA / zAyada kahA jAye ki zabda gauNarUpase niSedhako bhI kahatA hai, kintu aisA kahanA bhI niHsAra hai; kyoMki sarvatra sarvadA aura sarvathA pradhAna rUpase jisakA kathana nahIM kiyA jAtA usakA gauNarUpase kathana karanA sambhava nahIM hai / isI taraha pradhAna rUpase pratiSedhako hI zabda kahatA hai, aisA mata bhI isIse nirasta ho jAtA hai / zabda kramase vidhi aura niSedha donoMkA hI pradhAna rUpase kathana karatA hai, aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki zabdase pradhAna rUpase akele vidhi aura akele niSedhako bho pratIti hotI hai / zabda eka sAtha vidhi - niSedharUpa arthakA vAcaka nahIM hI hai, aisA kahanA bhI mithyA hai kyoMki aisA honepara usa vidhi - niSedharUpa arthako 'avaktavya' zabdase bhI nahIM kahA jA sakegA / zabda vidhirUpa arthakA vAcaka aura vidhiniSedharUpa arthakA eka sAtha avAcaka hI hai aisA ekAnta bhI yukta nahIM hai; kyoMki zabda eka sAtha niSedharUpa arthakA vAcaka aura vidhiniSedharUpa arthakA avAcaka pratIta hotA hai / zabda eka sAtha niSedharUpa arthakA vAcaka aura vidhiniSedharUpa arthakA avAcaka hI hai, aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki zabda vidhirUpa arthakA vAcaka aura eka sAtha vidhiniSedharUpa arthakA avAcaka bhI pratItisiddha hai / zabda krama se vidhiniSedharUpa arthakA vAcaka aura yugapad vidhiniSetrarUpa arthakA avAcaka hI hai| aisA kahanA bho pratIti viruddha hai; kyoMki vidhipradhAna Ade rUpase bhI zabdArtha kI pratIti hotI haiM / isa prakAra vidhi aura niSedhake vikalpase artha meM zabdakI pravRtti sAta prakArase hotI hai / use hI saptabhaMgI kahate haiM / usakA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai"praznavazAdekasmin vastunyavirodhena vidhipratiSedhakalpanA saptabhaMgI / " -- tattvArtharAjavArtika, pR0 1-6, pR0 33 / arthAt -- eka vastu meM praznake vazase pratyakSa aura anumAna se aviruddha vidhi aura niSedhako kalpanAko saptabhaMgI kahate haiM / vidhi aura pratipedhako kalpanAmUlaka sAta bhaMga isa prakAra haiM - 1. vidhikalpanA, 2 . pratiSedhakalpanA, 3. kramase vidhipratiSedhakalpanA, 4. yugapad vidhipratiSedha kalpanA, vivikalpanA aura yugapad vidhipratiSevakalpanA, 6. prati 1. aSTasahasrI, pR0 125 / ".
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________________ zrutake do upayoga SedhakalpanA aura yugapad vidhipratiSedhakalpanA, 7. krama aura yugapad vidhiprtissedhklpnaa| inake atirikta koI AThavA~ bhaMga sambhava nahIM hai| inake saMyogase utpanna hue kucha bhaMgoMkA to inhIM bhaMgoMmeM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai, jaise prathama, dvitIya aura caturtha bhaMgoMko paraspara meM milAnese utpanna hue bhaMgoMkA antarbhAva tIsare, pA~caveM, chaThe aura sAtaveM bhaMgameM ho jAtA hai| aura zeSa sammizrita bhaMga punarukta honese vyartha pramANita hote haiN| zaMkA--vidhikalpanA hI satya hai ataH vidhikalpanAmUlaka eka bhaMga hI mAnanA caahie| samAdhAna--aisA mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki pratiSedhakalpanA bhI satya hai| zaMkA---pratiSedhakalpanA ho satya hai, ataH pratiSedhakalpanAmUlaka bhaMga hI mAnanA caahie| ___ samAdhAna-~-aisA mAnanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki abhAvaikAnta pramANaviruddha hai| zaMkA-to sadrUpa arthakA kathana karaneke lie vidhivAkya aura asadrUpa arthakA kathana karaneke lie pratiSedhavAkya, isa taraha do hI vAkya yA bhaMga mAna lenese kAma cala jAyegA; kyoMki sat aura asatko chor3akara anya koI padArtha aisA nahIM hai jo zabdakA viSaya ho / samAdhAna-yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki jisameM sat athavA asatmeM se eka hI dharma pradhAna rUpase vivakSita hai aisI vastuse, jisameM sat aura asat donoM dharma pradhAna rUpase vivakSita haiM aisI vastu bhinna hotI hai| kevala vidhimUlaka vacanake dvArA yA kevala pratiSedhamalaka vacanake dvArA kramase vivakSita donoM dharmoMkA kathana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| zaMkA-to sat, asat aura donoMko kathana karanevAle isa taraha zurU ke tIna hI vAkya mAnanA yukta hai ? samAdhAna-eka sAtha sat asat donoMko viSaya karanevAlA avaktavya nAmakA cauthA bhaMga bhI Avazyaka hai| zaMkA-to phira cAra hI vAkya mAnane cAhie? samAdhAna-avaktavyake sAtha sat, asat aura donoMko viSaya karanevAle antake tIna vAkya bhI Avazyaka haiN|
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________________ jaina nyAya zaMkA-eka jIvAdi vastumeM vidhirUpa aura niSedharUpa ananta dharma rahate haiM ataH unakI apekSA ananta bhaMgI bhI ho sakatI hai ? samAdhAna--eka vastumeM anantadharma rahate haiM aura eka-eka dharma ke vidhi-niSedha. ko apekSA saptabhaMgI hotI hai / isa taraha eka vastumeM ananta saptabhaMgo honemeM koI hAni nahIM hai| 'zaMkA-sAta hI prakAra kyoM haiM ? samAdhAna--eka dharmake vidhi-niSedhakI vivakSAse sAta hI bhaMga hote haiM; kyoMki praznake bhI sAta hI prakAra hote haiN| aura praznoMke anumAra hI saptabhaMgI hotI hai| zaMkA---praznake sAta hI prakAra kyoM hote haiM ? samAdhAna--kyoMki jijJAsA sAta prakArakI hotI hai / zaMkA--jijJAsAke bhI sAta hI prakAra kyoM hote haiM ? samAdhAna--kyoMki saMzayake sAta prakAra hote haiN| zaMkA--sAta prakArake hI saMzaya kyoM haiM ? samAdhAna--kyoMki saMzayako viSayabhUta vastuke dharma sAta prakArake hote haiN| jaise kisI vastumeM astitvaviSayaka jijJAsAke honepara praznako pravRtti hotI hai vaise hI usa astitvake avinAbhAvI nAstitva Adi dharmokI jijJAsA hone para bhI praznakI pravRtti hotI hai| ataH jijJAsAke sAta prakAra honese praznake sAta prakAra hote haiM aura praznake sAta prakAra honese vacanoMke sAta prakAra hote haiN| ata: 'praznavaza eka vastumeM saptabhaMgI hotI hai' yaha kathana ucita hI hai; kyoMki sAtase atirikta AThaveM bhaMgake nimittase ho sakanevAlA AThavAM prazna sambhava nahIM hai aura usake sambhava na honekA kAraNa yaha hai ki usa viSayaka jijJAsA sambhava nahIM hai, aura usa viSayaka jijJAsA isalie sambhava nahIM hai; kyoMki usa viSayaka koI vivAda sambhava nahIM haiM / aura vivAda isalie sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki vastumeM vidhi-pratiSedhakI kalpanAke dvArA koI anya aviruddha dharmAntara sambhava nahIM hai| aisI sthitimeM jaba vastumeM koI anya aviruddha dharmAntara sambhava nahIM hai to praznAntarakI pravRtti sambhava nahIM hai aura usake abhAvameM yadi kucha asambaddha pralApa kiyA bhI jAye to vaha uttara deneke yogya nahIM ho sktaa| 1. tattvArthazlokavArtika, pR0 132 /
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________________ zrutake do upayoga 305 vaha praznAntara yA to pRthak-pRthak astitva nAstitva dharmoM ke viSayameM ho sakatA hai yA samastake viSaya meM ho sakatA hai ? prathama pakSameM yadi pradhAnarUpase astitva yA nAstitvake viSayameM prazna hai to prathama aura dvitIya (bhaMgasambandhI) praznameM unakA samAveza ho jAtA hai| aura yadi sattvadharmako gauNatAko lekara prazna hai to dUsare ( bhaMgasambandhI ) praznameM ora yadi asattvadharmakI gauNatAko lekara prazna hai to prathama praznameM usakA samAveza ho jAtA hai| ___ yadi samasta astitva nAstitvaviSayaka praznAntara hai to kramase honepara tIsare. meM, yugapad honepara cauthemeM, prathama aura caturthake samudAyaviSayaka honepara pAMcaveMmeM dUsare aura caturthake samudAyaviSayaka honepara chaThemeM aura tIsare tathA caturthake samudAyaviSayaka honepara sAtaveM meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai, isa taraha sAtameM hI saba praznAntaroMkA samAveza ho jAtA hai| prathama aura tIsareke samudAyaviSayaka prazna to punarukta ho jAtA hai; kyoMki prathama prazna tIsarekA hI bhAga hai / isI taraha prathamako caturtha Adike sAtha, dUsareko tRtIya Adike sAtha, tIsareko caturtha Adike sAtha, caturthako paMcama Adike sAtha, pA~caveMko chaThe Adike sAtha aura chaTheko sAMtaveMke sAtha samasta karake jo praznAntara hote haiM ve saba punarukta hai| ata: tIsare, cauthe, pA~caveM, chaThe aura sAtaveMko milAkara praznAntara sambhava nahIM haiN| isalie saptabhaMgoke sthAnameM sAta so bhaMgIkI kiMcit bhI sambhAvanA nahIM hai| zaMkA-taba to tIsare Adi prazna bho punarukta haiM ? samAdhAna-nahIM, tIsare meM donoM dharmoko kramase pradhAna rUpase pUchA gayA hai| prathama aura dUsaremeM isa prakArase unheM nahIM pUchA gyaa| unameM to pradhAna rUpase kevala eka sattva dharmako aura kevala eka asattva dharmako hI pUchA gayA hai tathA cauthemeM donoMko yugapad pradhAnabhAvase pUchA gayA hai| pAMcaveMmeM satvake sAtha abaktavyako pradhAna rUpase pUchA gayA hai| chaThemeM nAstitva ke sAtha avaktavyako pradhAnarUpase pUchA gayA hai aura sAtaveMmeM krama aura yugapad sattva aura asattvako pradhAna rUpase pUchA gayA hai / ataH punaruktatA nahIM hai / zaMkA-isa taraha to tIsareko pahaleke sAtha milAnepara do astitva dharmoM aura eka nAstitva dharmakI pradhAnatAse, tIsareko dUsareke sAtha milAnepara do nAstitva dharmokI aura eka astitva dharmako pradhAnatAse praznAntara ho sakate haiM; kyoMki ukta sAta praznoMmeM isa prakArase nahIM pUchA gayA hai| isI taraha cautheko pAMcaveMke sAtha milAnepara do avaktavya aura eka astitvako, cautheko chaTheke sAtha 39 Jain Education international
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________________ jaina nyAya milAnepara do avaktavyoM aura eka nAstitvakI, cautheko sAMtaveMke sAtha milAnepara do avaktavyoM aura krama tathA pradhAna rUpase eka astitva aura eka nAstitvakI pRcchA honepara bhI naye prazna paidA ho sakate haiM / isI taraha pA~caveMko chaTheke sAtha milAne para do vaktavyoM, eka astitva aura eka nAstitvakI, pA~caveMko sAtaveMke sAtha milAne para do avaktavyoM, do nAstitvoM aura eka astitvakI pRcchA honepara naye bhaMga paidA ho sakate haiM / isa taraha aura bhI bhaMgAntara honese Apa zatabhaMgIkA niSedha kaise kara sakate haiM ? 306 aneka samAdhAna - ukta kathana yukta nahIM hai / eka vastumeM aneka astitva, nAstitva aura aneka avaktavya dharma nahIM raha sakate / kintu jIvavastumeM jIvatvakI apekSA astitva, ajovatvakI apekSA nAstitva yA muktatvakI apekSA astitva aura amuktatvakI apekSA nAstitva ityAdi rUpase ananta sva aura paraparyAyoMko apekSA aneka astitva aura aneka nAstitva raha sakate haiN| kyoMki vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai aura jIvameM jIvatva - ajIvatvakI apekSAkI taraha muktatva aura amuktatvakI apekSA bhI astitva aura nAstitva dharma raha sakate haiN| kyoMki vastumeM vartamAna pratyeka dharmake vidhi-niSedhako lekara pRthak-pRthak saptabhaMgIko avatAraNA hotI hai / isalie na to saptabhaMgI ativyApinI hai, na avyApinI hai aura na asaMbhavinI hai / zaMkA-saptabhaMgI ke sAta bhaMgoM meM se kisI eka bhaMgake dvArA ananta dharmAtmaka vastukA pradhAnatA yA gauNatAse kathana ho jAtA hai, ataH zeSa bhaMga anarthaka kyoM nahIM haiM ? samAdhAna -unake dvArA anya anya dharmoMko pradhAnatA aura zeSa dharmokI gauNatAse vastukA jJAna hotA hai / ataH zeSa bhaMga vyartha nahIM hai / Age sAta bhaMgoM meM se prathama aura dvitIya bhaMgakA samarthana karate haiM " sadeva sarva ko necchet svarUpAdi-catuSTayAt / asadeva viparyAsAnna cenna vyavatiSTate || 15 || " - AptamImAMsA | samasta cetana athavA acetana dravya aura paryAya Adi svarUpAdi catuSTaya ( svadravya, svakSetra, svakAla aura svabhAva ) kI apekSA sat hI haiM aura paradravya, parakSetra, parakAla aura parabhAvakI apekSA asat hI haiM, aisA kauna nahIM mAnatA ? apitu laukika ho yA parIkSaka, syAdvAdI ho yA sarvathA ekAntavAdI, yadi vaha 1. aSTasahasrI, pR0 131 /
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________________ zrutake do upayoga 307 sacetana hai to use aisA mAnanA hI hogA; kyoMki pratItikA apalApa karanA zakya nahIM hai / yadi koI svayaM aisA jAnate hue bhI durAgrahavaza use nahIM mAnatA to vaha kisI bhI iSTa tattvakI vyavasthA nahIM kara sakatA; kyoMki vastukA vastutva svarUpake grahaNa aura pararUpake parihArakI vyavasthApara hI avalambita hai / yadi vastuko svarUpakI taraha pararUpase bhI sat mAnA jAtA hai to cetanake acetanarUpa hone kA prasaMga AtA hai / aura yadi vastuko pararUpakI taraha svarUpase bhI asat mAnA jAtA hai to sarvathA zUnyavAdakI Apatti AtI hai / isI taraha yadi vastuko svadravyakI taraha paradravyase bhI sat mAnA jAtA hai to dravyoM ke pratiniyama meM virodha AtA hai / tathA paradravyakI taraha yadi svadravyase bhI vastuko asat mAnA jAtA hai to samasta dravyoMke nirAzraya honekA prasaMga AtA hai| tathA svakSetrakI taraha parakSetra se bhI sat mAnanepara kisI vastukA koI pratiniyata kSetra vyavasthita nahIM ho sakatA / parakSetrako taraha svakSetra se bhI asat mAnanepara vastuko niHkSetratAkI Apatti AtI hai arthAt usakA koI kSetra hI nahIM rahegA / tathA svakAlakI taraha parakAlase bhI vastuko sat mAnanepara vastukA koI sunizcita kAla nahIM ho sakegA / parakAlakI taraha svakAlase bhI asat mAnanepara samasta kAlameM na honekA prasaMga AyegA / aura aisI sthiti meM kisI vastukA koI sunizcita svarUpa vyavasthita na ho sakanese iSTa aura aniSTa tattvakI vyavasthA nahIM bana sakegI / jaise, sAmAnya rUpase jIvakA svarUpa upayoga ( jAnanA - dekhanA ) hai | tattvArthasUtrameM jIvakA lakSaNa upayoga kahA hai / upayogase bhinna anupayoga jIvakA pararUpa hai | ataH jova svarUpa ( upayoga ) se sat hai aura pararUpa ( anupayoga ) se asat hai / isI taraha pratyeka dravya aura paryAyakA jo svarUpa hai vaha usIkI apekSA sat hai usase bhinna jo pararUpa hai usakI apekSA vaha asat hai / zaMkA-svarUpakI apekSA jo sattva hai vahI pararUpakI apekSA asattva hai / ata: vastu meM svarUpakI apekSA sattvameM aura pararUpakI apekSA asattvameM koI bheda nahIM hai / isalie pahale aura dUsare bhaMga meM se eka bhaMga gatArtha ho jAnese dUsarA bhaMga bekAra ho jAtA hai aura aiso sthitimeM tIsare Adi bhaMga bhI nahIM bana sakate / taba saptabhaMgI kaise bana sakatI hai ? samAdhAna - svarUpAdi catuSTayakI apekSA ke svarUpameM aura pararUpAdi catuSTayakI apekSA svarUpameM bheda hai aura isalie eka vastumeM ina donoM apekSAoMse pAye jAnevAle sattva aura asattvameM bhI bheda hai / yadi una donoMko abhinna mAnA jAtA hai to svarUpAdicatuSTayakI taraha pararUpAdicatuSTayakI apekSAse bho
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________________ 300 jaina nyAya vastuke sattvakA prasaMga AtA hai, athavA pararUpAdicatuSTayakI taraha svarUpAdi. catuSTayako apekSAse bhI vastuke asattvakA prasaMga AtA hai| apekSAke bhedase kiso vastumeM dharmabhedakI pratIti hone meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai, jaise belameM berakI apekSA sthUlatAkI aura bijaurA nIbUko apekSA sUkSmatAkI pratIti honemeM koI bAdhA nahIM hai / yadi sabhI ApekSika dharmoko avAstava mAnA jAyegA to nIla, nIlatara, sukha, sukhatara Adi pratyaya bhI avAstavika ho jaayeNge| kintu isa prakArake pratyaya yathArtha haiN| ata: saba padArtha kathaMcit sadasadAtmaka haiN| yadi aisA nahIM mAnA jAyegA to saba padArtha saba kArya kara skeNge| kintu saba padArtha saba kAma nahIM kara sakate / ghaTako taraha vastra Adise pAnI bhara lAnekA kAma nahIM liyA jA sakatA aura na vastra ghaTAdikA jJAna hI karA sakatA hai| saba padArtha kathaMcit ubhayAtmaka hai| isa viSayameM dRSTAnta bhI sulabha hai / sabhI vAdiyoMkA sveSTa tattva svarUpakI apekSA sat aura pararUpako apekSA asat hai| isameM koI vivAda nahIM hai / aura isIko dRSTAntake rUpameM liyA jA sakatA hai| zaMkA--eka vastumeM sattva aura asattva dharmakA rahanA yuktiviruddha hai; kyoMki jo dharma parasparame virodhI hote haiM ve eka AdhArame nahIM raha sakate, jaise zota aura uSNa sparza / - samAdhAna--ukta kathana ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki svarUpa aura pararUpakI apekSAse sattva aura asattva dharmake eka AdhArameM rahane meM koI virodha nahIM hai| yaha to pratItisiddha hai| jo eka sAtha eka AdhArameM nahIM pAye jAte unhIM meM virodha hotA hai| jisa samaya vastu svarUpAdiko apekSAse sat hai usI samaya pararUpAdiko apekSAse usameM asattvako anupalabdhi nahIM hai| jisase unameM zIta aura uSNa sparzakI taraha sahAnavasthAna ( eka sAtha na rahanA ) lakSaNavAlA virodha mAnA jaaye| dUsarA virodha hai parasparaparihAra sthiti lkssnnvaalaa| yaha virodha to eka AmameM eka sAtha rahanevAle rUpa rasakI taraha, eka vastume eka sAtha rahanevAle hI sattva aura asattva dharmoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| tIsarA virodha hai vadhyadhAtakarUpa jo sarpa aura nevalekI taraha balavAn aura kamajorake bIca meM pAyA jAtA hai| sattva aura asattva to samAna balazAlI haiM, ataH uname yaha tIsarA virodha bhI sambhava nahIM hai| ataH eka vastumeM apekSAbhedase sattva aura asattva dharmoM ke rahane meM koI virodha nahIM haiN| prArambhake do bhaMgoMkA vivecana karake unheM aura bhI spaSTa karaneke lie jIvake sAtha saptabhaMgIko ghaTita karate haiM-syAt asti eva jIvaH, syAt nAsti eva ..
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________________ zrutake do upayoga 304 jovaH, syAdavaktavya eva jIvaH, syAt asti nAsti eva jIvaH, syAdasti avaktavya, eva jIvaH, syAt nAsti avaktavya eva jIvaH, syAt asti nAsti avaktavya eva jiivH| prathama aura dvitIya bhaMga-syAdasti, syAnnAsti ''syAta asti eva jIva:' isa vAkyameM jovazabda vizeSya honese dravyavAcI hai, asti zabda vizeSaNa honese guNavAcI hai| una donoMmeM vizeSaNa-vizeSya sambandha batalAneke lie evakAra rakhA gayA hai| aba yadi 'asti eva jIvaH' ( jIva sat hI hai ) itanA hI kahA jAtA hai to jIvameM asat Adi anya dharmokI nivRttikA prasaMga AtA hai| ata: jIvameM anya dharmokA bhI astitva batalAneke lie 'syAt' zabdakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / 'syAt' zabda tiGantapratirUpaka nipAta hai| usake aneka artha haiM / yahA~ vivakSAvaza 'anekAnta' artha liyA jAtA hai / zaMkA--yadi syAt zabdakA artha anekAnta hai to usIse saba dharmokA grahaNa ho jAnese zeSa padoMkA prayoga vyartha ThaharatA hai ? samAdhAna--yaha doSa Thoka nahIM hai; kyoMki yadyapi 'syAt' zabdase sAmAnyarUpase anekAntakA grahaNa ho jAtA hai tathApi vizeSArthIko vizeSa zabdoMkA prayoga karanA hI hotA hai jaise vRkSa zabdase yadyapi sabhI prakArake vRkSakA grahaNa hotA hai phira bhI dhaba Adi vizeSa vRkSoMkA kathana karane ke lie dhava Adi zabdoMkA prayoga karanA hI hotA hai| athavA 'syAt' zabda anekAntakA dyotaka hai aura jo dyotaka hotA hai vaha kisI vAcaka zabdake nikaTameM hue binA iSTa arthakA dyotana nahIM kara sktaa| ataH usake dvArA prakAzya dharmake AdhArabhUta arthakA kathana karaneke lie itara zabdoMkA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| zaMkA-taba to 'syAt asti eva jIvaH' ( kathaMcit jIva sat hI hai ) isa sakalAdezI vAkyase hI jIvadravyake sabhI dharmokA saMgraha ho jAtA hai ataH bAkI. ke bhaMga nirarthaka haiM ? samAdhAna-yaha doSa Thoka nahIM hai| kyoMki gauNa aura mukhya vivakSAse sabhI bhaMgoMkA prayoga sArthaka hai| jaise, dravyAthika nayakI pradhAnatA aura paryAyAthika nayako gauNatAmeM pahale bhaMgakA prayoga hotA hai| paryAyAthika nayako pradhAnatA aura 1. tattvArthavArtika, pR0 253 /
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________________ jaina nyAya dravyArthika nayako gauNatAmeM dUsare bhaMgakA prayoga hotA hai / pradhAnatA aura apradhAnatA zabda ke adhIna hai / jo zabdake dvArA vivakSita ho vaha pradhAna hai aura jo zabdake dvArA nahIM kahA gayA hai aura arthase gamyamAna hotA hai vaha apradhAna hai / tIsare avaktavya bhaMga meM yugapad vivakSA honese donoM hI apradhAna hai; kyoMki donoMko pradhAnarUpase eka sAtha kahanevAlA koI zabda nahIM hai / cauthe bhaMgameM donoM hI pradhAna haiM, kyoMki kramase asti Adi zabdoMke dvArA donoMkA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / isI prakAra zeSa bhaMga bhI Age kaheMge / 310 aba prathama bhaMgake pratyeka padakI sArthakatA batalAte haiM- 'jIva ho hai' aisA avadhAraNa karanepara ajIvake abhAvakA prasaMga AtA hai / ataH astitvaikAntavAdI 'jIva hai hI' aisA avadhAraNa karate haiM / aura aisA avadhAraNa karanese jIvakA sarvathA astitva prApta hotA hai arthAt saba prakArase jovakA astitva prApta hotA hai / aura aisI sthiti meM pudgala Adike astitva se bhI jIvakA astitva prApta hotA hai; kyoMki 'jIva hai hI' isa zabdase yahI artha nikalatA hai aura arthakA bodha karAne meM zabda ho pramANa hai / zaMkA -- astitva sAmAnyako apekSA jIva hai, astitva - vizeSakI apekSA jIva nahIM hai, pudgala AdikA astitva to astitvavizeSa haiM, usako apekSA jIvakA astitva kaise ho sakatA hai ? samAdhAna -- yadi Apa 'astitva sAmAnyase jova hai, pudgalAdigata astitvavizeSase nahIM', yaha svIkAra karate haiM to Apa svayaM yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki astitva do prakArakA hai- eka sAmAnya astitva aura dUsarA vizeSa astitva / aisI dazA meM sAmAnya astitva se jIvake sat honepara aura vizeSa astitva se jIvake asat honepara 'jIva hai hI' meM 'hI' lagAnA niSphala hI ho jAtA hai / yaha to tabhI sArthaka ho sakatA hai jaba nAstitvakA nirAkaraNa karake saba prakArase jIvakA astitva mAnA jAye / aura vaisA mAnanepara pudgalAdike astitvarUpase bhI jIvake astitvakI prApti hotI hai / svakSetra, svakAla aura sva zaMkA-- jo koI bhI astirUpa hai vaha svadravya, bhAvarUpase hai anyarUpase nahIM; kyoMki anya aprastuta hai / jaise, ghaTa dravyako apekSA pArthivarUpase, kSetrakI apekSA isa kSetrase, kAlakI apekSA vartamAna kAlarUpa se aura bhAvakI apekSA vartamAna raktatva Adi paryAya rUpase astirUpa hai / aura paradravya, 1. tattvArthavArtika, pR0 254 /
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________________ zrutake do upayoga parakSetra, parakAla aura parabhAvako apekSA nahIM; kyoMki una sabakA vahAM koI prasaMga hI nahIM hai| samAdhAna--to isakA to yahI artha huA ki ghaTa anya dravya, anya kSetra, anya kAla aura anya bhAvakI apekSA nAstirUpa hai| ata: 'syAt asti aura syAt nAsti' siddha hotA hai| yadi aisA niyama na mAnA jAyegA to vaha ghaTa ho hI nahIM sktaa| kyoMki niyata dravya, niyata kSetra, niyata kAla aura niyata bhAva. rUpase vaha nahIM hai, jaise gadhekI siiNg| yadi vaha ghaTa aniyata dravyAdirUpa hai to vaha sattA sAmAnya hI huA, ghaTa nahIM; kyoMki jaise sarvapadArthavyApinI mhaasttaa| koI niyata dravya, niyata kSetra, niyata kAla, aura niyata bhAva nahIM hotA, ghaTakA bhI koI niyata dravyAdi nahIM hai| isakA vizeSa isa prakAra hai-yadi ghaTa jaise dravyako apekSA pArthiva rUpase hai, vaise hI yadi jalIya Adi rUpase bhI hai to vaha ghaTa hI nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki vaha to dravyatvakI taraha pRthivI, jala, agni, vAyu Adi bhI hai| tathA jaise vaha isa kSetrameM hai vaise hI yadi anya samasta kSetroMmeM bhI ho to vaha ghaTa nahIM raha jAyegA, vaha to AkAza bana jAyegA; kyoMki AkAza sarvatra pAyA jAtA hai| yadi isa kAlakI taraha vaha atIta aura anAgata kAlameM bhI vartamAna ho to vaha ghaTa nahIM raha jAyegA, kintu trikAlavartI honese miTTI rUpa ho jAyegA / jaise isa deza, kAlarUpase vaha ghaTa hama logoMke pratyakSa hai aura pAnI vagairaha lAneke kAmameM AtA hai vaise hI yadi atIta aura anAgatakAloM tathA anya dezoMmeM bhI vaha hamAre pratyakSakA viSaya hotA hai aura pAnI vagairaha bharaneke kAma AtA hai tathA jaise nava rUpase hai vaise hI purAtana rUpase bhI hai athavA samasta rasa, samasta rUpa, samasta gandha, samasta sparza, samasta AkAra Adi rUpase bhI hai to vaha ghaTa nahIM raha jAyegA, kintu sarvavyApI honese mahAsattA ho jaayegaa| jaise mahAsattA kisI vastuse aura vastudharmase vyAvRtta nahIM hai ataH vaha ghaTa nahIM hai| isI taraha ghaTa bhI ghaTarUpa na rahakara mahAsattArUpa ho jaayegaa| ___ isI taraha manuSya rUpase vivakSita jIva bhI svadravya, svakSetra, svakAla aura svabhAvakI dRSTise hI asti hai anya dravyAdi rUpase nhiiN| yadi vaha anya rUpase bhI 'asti' ho to vaha manuSya hI nahIM rahegA; kyoMki usakA koI niyata dravyAdi nahIM hai jaise gadhekI sIMga / yadi vaha aniyata dravyAdi rUpa hai to vaha manuSya na rahakara mahAsattA ho jaayegaa| isakA vizeSa isa prakAra hai--yadi vaha manuSya jaise jIva dravyarUpase hai vaise hI yadi pudgalAdi dravyarUpase bhI ho to vaha manuSya hI nahIM rahegA; kyoMki dravyatvako taraha pudgalAdimeM bhI usakA astitva pAyA jAtA hai|
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________________ 312 baina nyAya tathA jaise vaha isa kSetrameM hai vaise hI yadi vaha sabhI dezoMmeM ho to vaha manuSya hI nahIM rahegA, kyoMki AkAzakI taraha vaha sarvavyApI hai| tathA jisa prakAra vaha manuSya vartamAnakAlameM hai vaise hI yadi atIta nArakI Adi aura anAgata deva Adi paryAyoMke kAlarUpase bhI ho to vaha manuSya hI nahIM rahegA; kyoMki vaha jIvatvako taraha saba kAloMmeM pAyA jAtA hai| jaise vaha isa deza aura kAlameM hamAre pratyakSa hai vaise hI yadi atIta anAgatakAla tathA anya dezameM bhI hamAre pratyakSakA viSaya hotA hai tathA jaise vaha yuvArUpa hai vaise hI yadi vRddharUpase bhI hai to vaha manuSya hI nahIM rahegA, vaha to mahAsattA ho jaayegaa| ataH vastu syAt asti aura syAta. nAsti hai| tathA jIva 'syAt asti aura syAt nAsti' hai; kyoMki jIvakA jIvatva sva. sattAke bhAva aura parasattAke abhAvake adhIna hai / yadi vaha jIva apanemeM parasattAke abhAvako apekSA nahIM karatA to vaha jIva na hokara sanmAtra ho jaayegaa| tathA parasattAke abhAvakI apekSA karanepara bhI yadi vaha svasattAke sadbhAvakI apekSA nahIM karatA to vaha jIvakI to bAta hI kyA, vastu hI nahIM ho sakegA; kyoMki usa avasthAmeM AkAzapuSpakI taraha usakA apanA svarUpa kucha bhI na hokara parakA abhAva mAtra hI ThaharatA hai / ataH parakA abhAva bhI svasattAke sadbhAvakI apekSAmeM hI vastukA svarUpa banatA hai anyathA nhiiN| jaise astitvadharma astitvarUpase hai, nAstitvarUpase nahIM hai ataH vaha ubhayAtmaka hai / yadi aisA na mAnA jAye to vastukA abhAva ho jaaye| kyoMki bhAvanirapekSa abhAva atyanta zUnyarUpa vastu ko kahatA hai| isI taraha abhAvanirapekSa bhAva bhI vastuko sarvarUpa kahatA hai| kintu na to koI vastu sarvAtmaka yA sarvAbhAvarUpa kabhI kisIne dekhI hai ? jo sarvAbhAva rUpa hai vaha vastu hI nahIM hai jaise AkAzapuSpa / aura yadi vastu sarvAtmaka hai to use koI jAna nahIM sktaa| bhAvarUpase vilakSaNa honese abhAvatA ThaharatI hai aura abhAvase vilakSaNa honese bhAvatA siddha hotI hai| isa tarahase bhAva. rUpatA aura abhAvarUpatA-donoM paraspara sApekSa haiN| abhAva apane sadbhAva aura bhAvake abhAvakI apekSAse siddha hotA hai bhAva bhI apane sadbhAva aura bhabhAvake abhAvakI apekSAse siddha hotA hai| yadi abhAvako ekAnta rUpase 'asti' hI mAnA jAtA hai to sarvAtmanA astirUpa honese jaise abhAva abhAvarUpase 'asti' hai vaise hI bhAvarUpase bhI usake astitvakA prasaMga AtA hai| aura aisI sthitimeM bhAvarUpa aura abhAvarUpakA saMkara honese donoMkA hI abhAva ho jAyegA; kyoMki donoMkA hI svarUpa nahIM bana sktaa| tathA yadi abhAvako ekAntarUpase nAsti hI mAnA jAtA hai to jaise abhAva bhAvarUpase nahIM hai vaise hI abhAvarUpase bhI nahIM haiN|
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________________ zrutake do upayoga aura aisI sthitimeM abhAvakA abhAva honese bhAvamAtra hI raha jAtA hai| taba AkAzapuSpa vagairaha bhI bhAvarUpa ho jAyeMge, kyoMki abhAvakA to abhAva hI hai| isI taraha bhAvako bhI sarvathA sat mAnanepara ukta doSoMkI prakriyAko lagA lenA cAhie / ataH bhAva aura abhAva donoM hI syAt asti aura syAt nAsti haiN| usI taraha jIva bhI syAt asti aura syAt nAsti hai| zaMkA--ghaTakA kathana karate samaya jaba artha aura prakaraNase paTakI sattAkA koI prasaMga hI nahIM hai to 'ghaTa ghaTa hai aura paTa nahIM haiM aisA kahakara usameM paTakI sattAkA niSedha kyoM Apa karate haiM ? ___samAdhAna-aisI AzaMkA yukta nahIM hai; kyoMki artha honese ghaTameM paTa Adi sabhI arthokA prasaMga AtA hI hai| yadi use hama viziSTa ghaTarUpa artha svIkAra karate haiM to artha honeke kAraNa prasaMga prApta sabhI paTAdi rUpa arthIkA usase niSedha karanA hI hogA, tabhI usameM ghaTarUpatA siddha ho sakatI hai| anyathA to vaha artha ghaTa rUpa siddha ho hI nahIM sakatA; kyoMki paTa Adi anya arthoMse vaha vyAvRtta nahIM hai| ghaTakA paTarUpase jo abhAva hai vaha bhI ghaTakA hI dharma hai; kyoMki ghaTake astitvakI taraha vaha ghaTake hI adhIna hai| ataH vaha ghaTakA hI dharma hai, cUMki vaha parakI apekSAse vyavahRta hotA hai ataH use upacArase para paryAya kahate haiM / vastuke svarUpakA prakAzana sva aura para vizeSaNoMke adhIna hotA hai| zaMkA-'asti eva jIvaH' ( jIva hai hI) isa vAkya meM 'asti'zabdake vAcya arthase jIvazabdakA vAcya artha bhinna svabhAvavAlA hai yA abhinna svabhAvavAlA hai ? yadi abhinna svabhAvavAlA hai to astikA jo sat artha hai vahI artha jIvazabdakA bhI huaa| aisI sthitimeM jIvameM anya dharmoko sthAna nahIM rhtaa| tathA jaise ghaTa aura kuTa zabdoMkA samAna artha honese una donoMmeM sAmAnAdhikaraNya tathA vizeSaNa-vizeSya bhAva nahIM hotA vaise hI 'asti aura jIva' zabdoMkA artha samAna honese ina donoMmeM bhI sAmAnAdhikaraNya aura vizeSaNa-vizeSya bhAva nahIM ho sakegA / tathA donoMmeM se eka hI zabdakA prayoga karanA hogA; kyoMki donoM zabdoMkA eka hI artha hotA hai| tathA sattvadharma saba dravyoM aura saba paryAyoMmeM rahatA hai, jIvazabdakA artha bhI sattvase abhinna svabhAva hai| ataH sattvakA aura jIvakA tAdAtmya honese jo-jo sat hai vaha saba jIva rUpa siddha hotA hai| isa tarahase ekajIvarUpatAkA prasaMga AtA hai tathA jaba jIva satsvabhAva huA to usameM caitanya, jJAna, krodha Adi tathA nAraka Adi samasta vizeSaNoMke abhAvakA 1. tattvArthavArtika, pR0 256 / 40
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________________ 314 jaina nyAya prasaMga AtA hai athavA astitvake jIvasvabhAvarUpa honese vaha pudgalAdimeM nahIM raha sakegA; kyoMki pudgalAdimeM jIvatva nahIM rahatA ataH unameM 'sat' yaha pratyaya hI nahIM ho skegaa| ukta doSa na AyeM, isalie yadi asti zabdake vAcya arthase jIvazabdakA vAcya artha bhinna svabhAvavAlA mAnate haiM to jIvako asadrUpatAkA prasaMga AtA hai; kyoMki vaha astizabdake vAcya arthase bhinna hai jaise gadheke sIMga / aisI sthitimeM jIvAdhIna bandha, mokSa Adi vyavahArakA abhAva ho jaayegaa| tathA astitva jaise jIvase bhinna hai vaise hI anya pudgalAdise bhI bhinna tthhregaa| aura aisI sthitimeM kisI Azrayake na honese astitvakA hI abhAva ho jaayegaa| tathA yaha batalAyeM ki astitvase bhinna svabhAvavAle jIvakA kyA svabhAva hai ? jo kucha bhI Apa usakA svabhAva batalAyeMge vaha saba asadrUpa hI hogA kyoMki jIva asadrUpa hai| samAdhAna-isIlie astizabdake vAcya arthase jIvazabda vAcya arthako kathaMcit bhinna svabhAvavAlA aura kathaMcit abhinna svabhAvavAlA mAnanA caahie| paryAyAthika nayase bhavana kriyA aura jIvana kriyA bhinna hai ataH asti zabda aura jIvazabdakA artha bhinna hai / aura dravyAthikanayase donoM abhinna haiM jIvake grahaNase astikA bhI grahaNa ho jAtA hai / ataH vastu kathaMcit astirUpa aura kathaMcit nAstirUpa hai| tRtIya bhaMga-syAdavaktavya-jaba do gaNoMke dvArA eka akhaNDa arthako abhinna rUpase abheda rUpase eka sAtha kathana karanekI icchA hotI hai to tIsarA avaktavya bhaMga hotA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki jaise prathama aura dvitIya bhaMgameM eka kAlameM eka zabdase eka guNake dvArA kramase eka samasta vastukA kathana ho jAtA hai, usa taraha jaba do pratiyogI guNoMke dvArA avadhAraNa rUpase eka sAtha eka kAlameM eka zabdase samasta vastuke kahanekI icchA hotI hai to vastu avaktavya ho jAtI hai ; kyoMki vaisA na to koI zabda hI hai aura na artha hI hai / sabhI pada eka hI padArthako kahate haiM / 'sat' zabda asatko nahIM kahatA aura 'asat' zabda satako nahIM khtaa| 'go'zabdake dizA Adi aneka artha prasiddha haiM kintu vAstava meM gauzabda bhI aneka haiM, sAdRzyake upacArase hI unheM eka kahA jAtA hai| yadi aisA na mAnA jAyegA to samasta vastu eka zabdavAcya ho jAyeMgI, 1. tattvArtha vArtika, pR0 257 / 2. aSTasahastrI, pR0 136 /
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________________ zrutake do upayoga 315 aura taba pratyeka ke lie alaga-alaga zabdakA prayoga karanA niSphala ThaharegA / jaise zabda ke bhedase arthakA bheda avazyaMbhAvI hai vaise hI arthake bhedase bhI zabdakA bheda avazyaMbhAvI hai, nahIM to vAcyavAcaka niyamake vyavahArakA lopa ho jAyegA / isase eka vAkyakA yugapat aneka arthoMko kahanA bhI nirasta ho jAtA hai arthAt eka vAkya eka hI arthako kahatA hai / 'svapararUpakI apekSAse vastu kathaMcitsadasadAtmaka ho hai' yaha vAkya bhI, jo kramase vivakSita donoM dharmoMko viSaya karanevAlA mAnA gayA hai, upacArase hI eka mAnA jAtA hai / ata: zabda meM eka hI artha ko kahane kI svAbhAvika zakti hai / sat zabdakI sattva mAtrako kahane meM sAmarthya vizeSa hai, asattva Adi aneka dharmoke kahane meM nahIM / anekAntake vAcaka 'syAt ' zabdakI anekAnta mAtrako kahane meM sAmarthya vizeSa hai, ekAntako kahane meM nahIM / anekAntake dyotaka 'syAt' zabdakI avivakSita samasta dharmokA sUcana karanemeM hI sAmarthya vizeSa hai vivakSita arthakA kathana karanemeM nahIM / anyathA vivakSita dharma ke vAcaka zabdoM kA prayoga karanA vyartha ThaharegA / prasiddha purAtana vyavahArameM aisA koI zabda nahIM hai jo apanI niyata arthako kahanekI sAmarthyavizeSakA ullaMghana karake pravRtta hotA ho / ataH eka zabda bhAva aura abhAva donoMko eka sAtha nahIM kaha sakatA / zaMkA - saMketa ke anusAra zabdako pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai / ata: jaise jainendra vyAkaraNa meM zatR aura zAna pratyayoMkI 'sat' saMjJA saMketake anusAra zatR aura zAna donoM pratyayoM ko kahatI hai; vaise hI sattva aura asattva dharmoM meM saMketita eka zabda donoM dharmokA vAcaka ho sakatA hai ? / samAdhAna- ukta kathana yukta nahIM haiM / pratyeka padArtha meM zakti aura azakti pratiniyata hotI hai / zabdameM eka bAra eka hI arthako kahanekI zakti hai, anekako kahane kI nahIM / saMketa bhI usa zakti ke anusAra hI artha meM pravRtta hotA hai / senA, vana Adi zabda bhI aneka artho ko nahIM kahate / senAzabdase hAthI, ghor3e, ratha, paidala vagairaha ke eka sambandha-vizeSako hI kahatA hai / isI taraha vana, samUha, paMkti, mAlA, pAnaka, grAma Adi zabda bhI aneka arthoMko na kahakara eka sambandhavizeSarUpa arthako hI kahate haiM / zaMkA- to saMskRta meM 'vRkSI' zabda do vRkSoMko aura 'vRkSA:' zabda aneka vRkSoMko kaise kahatA hai ? samAdhAna -- pANini vyAkaraNake anusAra vRkSo zabda niSpanna karaneke lie 'vRkSazca vRkSazca vRkSau' isa prakAra do vRkSa zabda lAkara usameM se ekakA lopa kara
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________________ 316 jaina nyAya diyA jAtA hai| ataH do vRkSa zabda hI do vRkSoMko aura aneka vRkSazabda aneka vRkSoMko kahate haiM / aura jainendra vyAkaraNake anusAra dvivacanAnta aura bahuvacanAnta vRkSazabda svabhAvase hI dvitvaviziSTa yA bahutvaviziSTa apane vAcyArthako kahatA hai; kyoMki usameM usa prakArakI zakti vidyamAna hai|| zaMkA--svAmI samantabhadrane bRhat svayaMbhU stotrameM likhA hai-'anekamekaM ca padasya vAcyaM vRkSA iti pratyayavat prakRtyA / ' ataH padakA vAcya eka bhI hotA hai aura aneka bhI hotA hai aisA syAdvAdI jainoMne svIkAra kiyA hai ? ___ samAdhAna--prazna yaha hai ki padakA vAcya eka aura aneka pradhAna rUpase hotA hai yA gauNatA aura pradhAnatAse hotA hai ? pahalA pakSa ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki usa prakArako pratIti nahIM hotii| vRkSazabda vRkSatva jAtike dvArA pahale vRkSa dravyako kahatA hai, tatpazcAt liMga aura saMkhyAko kahatA hai, isa prakAra kramase hI pratIti hotI hai / kahA bhI hai| 'svArthamabhidhAya zabdo nirapekSo dravyamAha samavetam / samavetasya tu vacane liGgaM saMkhyAM vimatIzca // ataH pradhAna rUpase vRkSArthako pratIti hotI hai aura gauNa rUpase bahutvasaMkhyAkI pratIti hotI hai, isalie koI virodha nahIM hai| kyoMki hameM dUsarA pradhAna-gauNa rUpa pakSa hI iSTa hai / 'syAt' yaha nipAta aneka dharmoMkA AkAMkSI hai-sUcaka yA dyotaka hai| ataH vaha gauNabhUta dharmoMse nirapekSa eka hI dharmako pradhAnarUpase kathana karanekA virodhI hai| samasta vAcakatattva guNa pradhAna rUpase hI arthakA kathana karate haiM; aura vAcyatattva bhI tadrUpa hI hai / kahA hai AkAMkSiNaH syAditi vai nipAto guNAnapekSe niyame'pavAdaH / guNapradhAnArthamidaM hi vAkyaM jinasya te tadadviSatAmapathyam // -vRhatsvayambhUstotra-zrIsuvidhijinastavana // aneka dharmAtmaka vastuko mAnanevAle jainoMkA 'syAt' yaha nipAta gauNako apekSA na rakhanevAle ekAnta matameM apavAda hai arthAt ekAntamatakA nirAkaraNa karanevAlA hai| 'syAt' padarUpa yaha vAkya gauNa aura pradhAna donoM hI dharmokA vAcaka hai| aura vaha jinamatase dveSa rakhanevAle ekAntavAdiyoMke lie apathyaahitakara hai| zaMkA-Apa jaina loga pramANa aura nayarUpa do prakAra ke vAkya mAnate haiN| 1. aSTasahasrI, pR0 138 /
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________________ zrutake do upayoga cUMki pramANa sakalAdezI hotA hai ata: pramANavAkya pradhAnarUpase azeSa dharmAtmaka vastukA prakAzaka hotA hai / yadi sabhI vAkya gauNa aura pradhAnarUpase arthake vAcaka hote haiM to aisI sthitima pramANavAkya nahIM bana sktaa| samAdhAna-dravyAthikanayase anantaparyAyAtmaka eka hI dravyake kathanakA nAma pramANavAkya hai| aura paryAyAthikanayase samasta paryAyoMmeM kAla Adike dvArA abhedakA upacAra karake upacarita eka hI vastu nayavAkyakA viSaya hai| padakI taraha koI vAkya aneka arthoM ko eka sAtha pradhAnarUpase nahIM kaha sktaa| hajAra saMketa karanepara bhI vAcaka aura vAcya apanI zakti aura azaktikA ullaMghana nahIM kara skte| ataH vastu syAt avaktavya hai| kyoMki donoM dharmoM ko kahanevAlA koI zabda nahIM hai / 'sthAt avaktavya'kA artha hotA hai sarvathA avaktavya nahIM, kintu apekSAbhedase avaktavya hai / avaktavyazabdase tathA anya chaha bhaMgoMke dvArA to vastu vaktavya hai| yadi sarva yA avaktavya ho to avaktavyazabdase bhI use nahIM kahA jA sktaa| caturtha maMga-syAdasti nAsti-asti aura nAsti donoM dharmoM kA kramase eka sAtha kathana karanepara caturtha bhaMga banatA hai / yadi vastuko sarvathA ubhayAtmaka mAnA jAyegA to sarvathA sat aura sarvathA asatmeM parasparameM virodha honese ubhayadoSakA prasaMga AtA hai ataH kathaMcit ubhayarUpa samajhanA caahie| pA~cavA~ bhaMga-vyasta dravya aura eka sAtha apita dravya aura paryAyakI apekSA. se 'syAdasti avaktavya' isa vAkyakI pravRtti hotI hai| jaise AtmA dravyatva, jIvatva yA manuSyatva rUpase 'asti' hai, tathA dravyaparyAya sAmAnya aura tadabhAvakI eka sAtha vivakSAmeM avaktavya hai / isa taraha syAdasti avaktavya bhaMga banatA hai| chaThA bhaMga-syAnAsti avaktavya-vyasta paryAya aura samasta dravyaparyAyakI apekSA 'syAnnAsti avaktavya' bhaMga banatA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki vastugata nAstitva jaba avaktavyake sAtha anubaddha hokara vivakSita hotA hai taba yaha bhaMga banatA hai| nAstitva paryAyako dRSTise hai| paryAyeM do prakArako hotI haiM-sahabhAvinI aura krmbhaavinii| gati, indriya, kAya, yoga, veda, kaSAya Adi sahabhAvinI tathA krodha, mAna, bacapana, yauvana Adi kramabhAvinI paryAyeM hai| paryAyaSTise gatyAdi aura krodhAdi paryAyoMse bhinna koI eka abasthAyo jIva nahIM hai, kintu ve hI kramika paryAyeM jIva kahI jAtI haiN| jo vastutva rUpase sat hai vahI dravyAMza hai tathA jo avastutva rUpase asat hai vahI paryAyAMza hai| ina donoMkI yugapad abheda vivakSAmeM vastu avaktavya hai| isa taraha vastu syAt nAsti avaktavya hai|
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________________ 318 jaina nyAya sAtavA~ syAdasti nAsti avaktavya-alaga-alaga kramase apita tathA yugapat arpita dravya-paryAyakI apekSA vastu syAt asti nAsti avaktavya hai| kisI dravyavizeSakI apekSA astitva aura kisI paryAyavizeSako apekSA nAstitva hotA hai| tathA kisI dravyaparyAya vizeSa aura dravyaparyAyasAmAnyakI eka sAtha vivakSAmeM vahI avaktavya ho jAtA hai| isa taraha syAt asti nAsti avaktavya bhaMga bana jAtA hai| sAta bhaMgoMmeM kramabheda sabase prathama AcArya kundakundake granthoMmeM sAta bhaMgoMkA nAmollekha mAtra milatA hai| unameM se pravacanasAra gA0 (2.23) meM syAt avaktavyako to tIsarA bhaMga rakhA hai aura syAdasti nAstiko caturtha bhaMga rakhA hai| kintu paMcAstikAya gAthA caudahameM asti nAstiko tIsarA aura avaktavyako caturthaM bhaMga rakhA hai| isI taraha akalaMkadevane apane tattvArthavAtikameM do sthaloMpara saptabhaMgIkA kathana kiyA hai| unameM se eka sthala ( pR0 353 ) para unhoMne pravacanasArakA krama apanAyA hai aura dUsare sthala ( pR0 33) para paMcAstikAyakA krama apanAyA hai| donoM jaina sampradAyoMmeM donoM hI krama pracalita rahe haiN| sabhASya tattvArthAdhigama ( a0 5 / 31 sU0 ) aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya ( gA0 2232 ) meM prathama krama apanAyA gayA hai| kintu AptamImAMsA ( kArikA 14 ), tattvArthazlokavAtika (pR0 128), prameyakamalamArtaNDa (pR0 682), pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra (pari0 4,sU017-18), syAdvAdamaMjarI ( pR0 189), saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI ( pR0 2 ) aura nayopadeza (pR0 12) meM dUsarA krama apanAyA gayA hai| isa taraha dArzanika kSetrameM dUsarA hI krama pracalita rahA hai arthAt asti nAstiko tIsarA aura avaktavyako caturtha bhaMga hI mAnA gayA hai / isa kramabhedake viSaya meM bArahavIM zatAbdI ke eka zvetAmbara granyakArane sambhavatayA sarvaprathama dhyAna diyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki koI-koI vidvAn isa ava. ktavya bhaMgako tIsare bhaMgake sthAnameM par3hate haiM aura tosareko isake sthAnameM / usa pAThameM bhI koI doSa nahIM haiM; kyoMki usase arthameM koI antara nahIM pdd'taa| yathArthameM vidhipratiSedhako kramase aura eka sAtha kathana karaneko apekSAse tIsare aura caturtha bhaMgako pravRtti hotI hai / pahale donoMko kramase kahakara bAdako donoMkA 1. 'ayaM ca bhaMgaH kaizcitRtIyabhaMgasthAne paThyate, tRtIyaJca tasya sthAne / na caivamapi kazcidoSaH arthavizeSAbhAvAt |'-shyaadvaadrtnaakraavtaarikaa-pri04, sU0 18 /
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________________ zrutake do upayoga 316 eka sAtha kahA jAye athavA pahale donoMko eka sAtha kahakara bAdako kramase kahA jAye to usase koI arthameM antara nahIM pdd'taa| kintu dUsarI dRSTise vicAra karanepara syAdasti, syAnnAsti aura syAdavaktavya hI mala bhaMga pramANita hote haiM, ukta sAta bhaMgoMmeM tIna bhaMga to mala yA ekasaMyogI haiM, aura tIna bhaMga dvisaMyogI haiM aura eka bhaMga trisaMyogI hai| gaNitasUtrake anusAra tIna mUla bhaMgoMke hI saba saMyogI bhaMga sAta hote haiM / na isase kamake hote haiM aura na adhikake / ve tIna mUla bhaMga hai-syAdasti, syAnAsti aura syAdavaktavya / dvisaMyogI bhaMga haiM--syAdasti nAsti, syAdasti avaktavya aura syAnnAsti avaktavya / tathA trisaMyogI bhaMga haiMsyAdasti nAsti avaktavya / ataH avaktavya hI tIsarA mala bhaMga honA caahie| 'syAdasti nAsti to dvisaMyogI bhaMga hai-prathama aura dvitIya bhaMgake melase banA hai| yahI bAta svAmI samantabhadra ne apane yuktyanuzAsanameM kahI hai aura vahAM unhoMne bhI avaktavyako tIna mUla bhaMgoMmeM rakhA hai| pramANa saptabhaMgI aura nayasaptabhaMgI pramANake do bheda haiM-svArtha aura parArtha / indriya aura manakI sahAyatAse hone. vAlA matijJAna svArthapramANa hai| aura jaba jJAtA zabdoMke dvArA dUsaroMpara apane jJAnako prakaTa karane ke lie tatpara hotA hai taba usakA vaha zabdonmukha jJAna svArthazruta kahA jAtA hai aura jJAtAke vacana parArthazruta kahe jAte haiN| zrutapramANake hI bheda naya haiM / ataH jaise zrutapramANa jJAnAtmaka aura vacanAtmaka hotA hai vaise hI usake bheda naya bhI jJAnAtmaka aura vacanAtmaka hote haiN| pramANa sakalavastugrAhI hotA hai aura naya vastuke ekadezakA grAhI hotA hai / jaise eka jJAna eka samaya meM aneka dharmAtmaka vastuko jAna sakatA hai, usI taraha eka zabda eka samayameM vastuke aneka dharmoMkA bodha nahIM karA sakatA / isalie vaktA kisI eka dharmakA avalambana lekara hI vacanavyavahAra karatA hai / yadi vaktA eka dharmake dvArA pUrNa vastukA bodha karAnA cAhatA hai to usakA vAkya pramANavAkya kahA jAtA hai aura yadi vaha eka hI dharmakA bodha karAnA cAhatA 1. 'vidhiniSedho'nabhilApyatA ca trirekazastridviza eka eva / yo vikalpAstava sapta dhA'mI syAcchabdaneyAH sakalArthabhede ||45||-'vidhi, niSedha aura anabhilApyatAsyAdasti, syAnnAsti aura syAdavaktavya-ye eka-eka karake tIna mUla vikalpa haiM / inake dvisaMyogaja vikalpa tIna haiM-syAdasti nAsti, syAdasti avaktavya, syAnnAsti pravaktavya / aura trisaMyogI vikalpa eka hai- syAdasti nAsti avaktavya / isa taraha he vIra ! ye sAta vikalpa, sampUrNa dravya-paryAyoMmeM Apake yahA~ ghaTita hote haiN|
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________________ 320 jaina nyAya hai-vastumeM vartamAna zeSa dharmoM ke prati usakI dRSTi udAsIna hai to usakA vAkya nayavAkya kahA jAtA hai| yathArthameM to nayake lakSaNake anusAra jitanA bhI vacanavyavahAra hai vaha saba naya hai| isIse siddhasena divAkarane nayoMke bhedoMkI saMkhyA batalAte hue kahA hai ki 'jitane vacanake mArga haiM utane ho nayavAda hai| AcArya samantabhadra aura siddhasena ye donoM ho eka tarahase syAdvAdake pitA aura poSaka tathA rakSaka haiM / ina donoMne hI apane AptamImAMsA tathA sanmati tarkameM naya saptabhaMgokA hI kathana kiyA hai| unake uttarAdhikArI aura jainanyAyake prasthApaka akalaMkadevane hI sarvaprathama pramANasaptabhaMgIkA spaSTa kathana kiyA hai| apane tattvArthavArtika (pR0 252 ) meM vastuko aneka dharmAtmaka siddha karaneke pazcAt akalaMkadeva kahate haiM ki- usa aneka dharmAtmaka vastukA bodha karAneke lie pravartamAna zabdako pravRtti do rUpase hotI hai kramase athavA yaugapadyase / tIsarA vacanamArga nahIM hai| jaba vastumeM vartamAna astitvAdi dharmokI kAla Adike dvArA bhedavivakSA hotI hai taba eka zabdameM aneka arthoM kA jJAna karAneko zaktikA abhAva honese kramase kathana hotA hai| aura jaba unhIM dharmomeM kAla Adike dvArA abhedavivakSA hotI hai taba eka zabdase bhI eka dharmakA bodha karAnekI mukhyatAse tAdAtmyarUpase ekatvako prApta sabhI dharmoMkA akhaNDarUpase yugapat kathana ho jAtA hai| jaba yugapat kathana hotA hai taba use sakalAdeza honese pramANa kahate haiM ; kyoMki sakalAdeza pramANAdhIna hai aisA vacana hai| aura jaba kramase kathana hotA hai to vikalAdeza honese use naya kahate haiM / kyoMki vikalAdeza nayAdhIna hai aisA vacana hai / sakalAdeza aura vikalAdeza donoMmeM saptabhaMgI hotI hai| prathamako pramANasaptabhaMgI kahate haiM aura dUsareko nayasaptabhaMgI kahate haiN| aba prazna yaha hotA hai ki pramANasaptabhaMgo aura nayasaptabhaMgIke prayogameM vaktAko vivakSAke atirikta bhI kyA koI maulika bheda hotA hai| isa praznake samAdhAnake lie donoM prakArakI saptabhaMgoke udAharaNake rUpameM diye gaye vAkyoMpara dRSTi DAlanA Avazyaka hai akalaMkadeva tattvArthavArtika ( pR0 253 tathA 260 ) meM aura vidyAnanda tattvArtha zlokavArtika ( pR0 138 ) meM donoM saptabhaMgiyoMkA pRthak-pRthak kathana karate hue donoM prakArake vAkyoMmeM 'syAdastyeva jIvaH' yaha eka hI udAharaNa dete 1. 'jAvaiyA vayaNavahA tAvaiyA ceva hoMti NayavAyA |'-snmti 047 / 2. 'ekAnekavikalpAdAvuttaratrApi yojayet / prakriyAM bhaMginImenAM nayanaryavizAradaH ||23||'-praaptmiimaaNsaa /
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________________ zrutake do upayoga haiM / kintu laghIyastrayake stropajJa bhASya meM akalaMkadevane donoMke jude-jude udAharaNa diye haiN| 'syAt jIva eva' yaha pramANavAkyakA udAharaNa hai| 'syAt astyeva jIva:' yaha nayavAkyakA udAharaNa hai| AcArya prabhAcandrane donoM prakArake vAkyoMkA eka sA hI udAharaNa diyA hai-syAdasti jIvAdivastu-jIvAdivastu kathaMcita satsvarUpa hai| AcArya kundakundane apane pravacanasAra aura paMcAstikAyameM eka-eka gAthAke dvArA sAta bhaMgoMke nAmamAtra ginAye haiM / kintu paMcAstikAyameM 'AdesavaseNa' likhA hai jaba ki pravacanasAra meM 'pajjAeNa du keNa vi' likhA hai| pravacanasArake pAThase donoM TIkAkAroMne evakAra (hI) kA grahaNa kiyA hai / TIkAkAra amRtacandra paMcAstikAyakI gAthA caudahakI TIkAmeM syAdasti dravyam ( syAt dravya hai ) udAharaNa dete haiN| aura pravacanasArako TokAmai 'syAdastyeva' ( kathaMcit hai hI) udAharaNa dete haiM / kundakundake dUsare TIkAkAra jayasena paMcAstikAya gAthA caudahako TIkAmeM likhate haiM -'syAdasti' yaha vAkya sakala vastukA grAhaka honese pramANavAkya hai aura 'sthAdastyeva dravyaM' yaha vAkya vastuke ekadezakA grAhaka honese nayavAkya hai / pravacanasAra (2 / 23) kI TIkAmeM jayasenane likhA hai, 'paMcAstikAya' meM 'syAdasti' Adi vAkyase pramANa saptabhaMgokA vyAkhyAna kiyA hai aura yahA~ 'syAdastyeva' vAkyameM jo evakAra (ho) kA grahaNa kiyA hai vaha nayasaptabhaMgokA jJApana karaneke lie hai| saptabhaMgotaraMgiNo meM bhI donoM prakArake vAkyoMkA eka hI udAharaNa diyA hai-'syAdastyeva ghaTa.' ghaTa kathaMcit satsvarUpa zvetAmbarA vAryoMmeM abhayadeva sUrine likhA hai-'syAdasti'--kathaMcit hai, yaha pramANa vAkya hai| astyeva-satsvarUpa hI hai, yaha durnaya hai / 'asti'-hai 1. 'syAjjIva eva nakAntaviSayaH syAcchandaH / syAdastyeva jIvaH ityukte ekAntaviSayaH syaacchbdH|'-nyaaykumudcndr, pR0 688 / 2. 'vikalAdezasvabhAvA hi nayasaptabhaMgI vstvNshmaatrpruupktvaat| sakalAdezasvabhAvAttu pramANasaptabhaMgI yathAvad vsturuupprruupktvaat| tathA hi-syAdasti jIvA divastu svadravyAdicatuSTayApekSayA'-prameyakamala0, pR0 682 / 3. 'syAdastIti sakalavastugrAhakatvAt prmaannvaakym| syAdastyeva dravyamiti vastveka dezagrAhakatvAt nayavAkyam / ' 4. 'pUrvaM paJcAritakAye syAdastI'tyAdipramANavAkyena saptabhaMgI vyAkhyAtA, atra tu ____ syAdastyeva yadevakAragrahaNaM tannayasaptabhaMgIjJApanArthamiti bhaavaarthH| 5. 'rayAdasti' ityAdi pramANavAkyam , 'astyeva' ityAdi durnayaH, 'asti' ityAdikaH sunayo na tu saMvyavahArAGgam / 'sthAdatyeva' ityAdistu naya eva vyavahArakAraNam / ' -senmatitaka TIkA, pR0 446 /
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________________ 322 jaina nyAya yaha yadyapi sunaya hai, kintu vyavahAra meM prayojaka nahIM hai| 'syAdastyeva'-kathaMcit satsvarUpa hI hai, yaha sunaya vAkya hI vyavahArakA kAraNa hai| vAdideva 'sUrine 'syAdastyeva sarva-saba vastu kathaMcit satsvarUpa hI hai, eka hI udAharaNa diyA hai| malliSeNa ne bhI vAdidevakA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| __ ukta matoMke anusAra AcAryoMko do bhAgoMmeM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai-eka, jo donoM prakArake vAkyoMke prayogameM koI antara nahIM mAnate / dUsare, jo antara mAnate haiM / antara mAnanevAloMmeM akalaMkadeva, jayasena tathA abhayadeva sUrike nAma ullekhanIya hai| kintu unameM bhI mataikya nahIM hai| akalaMkadeva pramANavAkya aura nayavAkya donoMmeM syAtpada aura evakArakA prayoga Avazyaka mAnate haiN| kintu jayasena aura abhayadeva kevala nayavAkyameM hI evakAra. kA prayoga Avazyaka mAnate haiM / akalaMkadevake matase yadi jIva, pudgala,dharma, adharmadravya, ghaTa, paTa Adi vastuvAcaka zabdoM ke sAtha syAtkAra aura evakArakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai to vaha pramANavAkya hai| aura yadi asti, nAsti, eka-aneka Adi dharmavAcaka zabdoMke sAtha usakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai to vaha nayavAkya hai / isake viparIta jayasena aura abhayadevake matase kisI bhI zabdake sAtha, vaha zabda dharmavAcaka ho yA dharmIvAcaka ho, yadi evakArakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai to vaha nayavAkya hai aura yadi eva kArakA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA, kevala syAt zabdakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai to vaha pramANavAkya hai / ukta do matoMke sambandha meM do prazna paidA hote haiM-kyA dharmIvAcaka zabda sakalAdezI aura dharmavAcaka zabda vikalAdezI hote haiM ? aura kyA pratyeka vAkyake sAtha evakArakA prayoga Avazyaka hotA hai ? prathama praznapara vicAra--prathama praznapara prakAza DAlate hue vidyAnanda svAmI. ne likhA hai-'sakalAdezako pramANavAkya aura vikalAdezako nayavAkya kahA hai| sakalAdeza aura vikalAdeza kise kahate haiM ? kinhIMkA kahanA hai ki anekAtmaka vastukA kathana sakalAdeza hai aura ekadharmAtmaka vastukA kathana vikalAdeza hai| unake yahAM sAta prakArake pramANavAkya aura sAta prakArake nayavAkya nahIM bana sakate; kyoMki aisI sthitimeM eka-eka dharmakA kathana karane. vAle asti, nAsti ora avaktavya rUpa tIna bhaMga sarvadA vikalAdezo honese naya. 1. pramANanayatattvAloka pari0 4.15 tathA pari0 7-53 / 2. syAdvAdamaMjarI, pR0 186 / 3. tattvAthazlokavArtika, pR0 137 /
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________________ zrutake do upayoga 323 vAkya kahe jAyeMge aura aneka dharmoM ke pratipAdaka zeSa cAra bhaMga sarvadA sakalA. dezI honese pramANavAkya kahalAyeMge / kintu tIna nayavAkya aura cAra pramANavAkya. kI sthiti siddhAntaviruddha hai|' 'kinhIMkA kahanA hai ki dha/mAtrakA kathana sakalAdeza hai aura dharmamAtrakA kathana vikalAdeza hai| kintu yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki sattva Adi kisI bhI dharmake binA dharmIkA kathana asambhava hai| isI taraha kisI dharmIse sarvathA nirapekSavAle dharmamAtrakA kathana bhI nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| zaMkA-'syAt jIva eva' isa prakArase dharmImAtrakA kathana kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI taraha 'syAdastyeva' rUpase dharmamAtrakA kathana kiyA jA sakatA hai ? samAdhAna-aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai, jIvazabdase jIvatva dharmAtmaka jIvavastukA kathana kiyA jAtA hai aura astizabdase kisI vizeSyameM vizeSaNa rUpase pratIyamAna astitva kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai| isa taraha vidyAnandake matAnusAra pratyeka zabda vastuke kisI eka dharmako lekara vyavahRta hotA hai / 'tattvArthavAtikameM 'sakalAdeza'kA lakSaNa karate hue akalaMkadevane bhI prakArAntarase ukta bAta hI kahI hai| ve likhate hai-'jaba eka akhaNDa vastu eka guNake dvArA kahI jAtI hai to vaha sakalAdeza hai; kyoMki gaNake binA guNIkA vizeSa rUpase jJAna karanA sambhava nahIM hai|' phira bhI akalaMkadevane apane laghIyastrayake svopajJa bhASyameM jo dharmIvAcaka zabdoMko sakalAdezI aura dharmavAcaka zabdoMko vikalAdezI kahA hai vaha eka dRSTise ucita hI hai| yaha ThIka hai ki pratyeka zabda vastuke kisI-na-kisI dharmako lekara vyavahRta hotA hai| kintu kucha zabda vastuke arthameM itane rUr3ha ho jAte haiM ki unase kisI eka dharmaviziSTa vastukA bodha na hokara aneka dharmAtmaka sampUrNa vastukA hI bodha hotA hai / jaise, yadyapi jIvazabda jIvanaguNakI apekSAse vyavahata hotA hai kintu jIvazabdako sunanese kevala jIvanaguNakA bodha na hokara jIvadravyakA hI bodha hotA hai| isI taraha pudgala, dharmadravya, adharmadravya, AkAza Adi vastuvAcaka zabdoMke viSayameM bhI jAnanA cAhie / saMsArameM bolacAlake vyavahArameM AnevAle pustaka, ghaTa, vastra Adi zabda bhI vastu kA hI bodha karAte haiM / kintu isa viSayameM bhI ekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa ucita nahIM hai ; kyoMki zabdakI pravRtti vaktAkI vivakSAke adhIna hai| vaktA dharmivAcaka zabdake dvArA eka dharmakA bhI pratipAdana kara sakatA hai aura eka dharmake dvArA pUrNa vastukA bhI pratipAdana kara sakatA hai| jaise jIvazabda jIvanaguNa 1. pR0 252, vArtika 14 /
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________________ 324 jaina nyAya kI mukhyatAse prayukta kiye jAne para jIvanaguNa kA hI pratipAdana karatA hai aura astizabda vaktAko vivakSAke anusAra astitva guNaviziSTa pUrNa vastukA pratipAdana kara sakatA hai / ataH dharmovAcaka zabda sakalAdezI hI hote hai aura dharmabAcaka zabda vikalAdezI hI hote haiM aisI mAnyatA ucita nahIM hai| donoM prakArake zabdoMke dvArA donoMkA hI pratipAdana sambhava hai / ata: vivakSAke bhedase eka hI vAkya sakalAdezI bhI ho sakatA hai aura vikalAdezI bhI ho sakatA hai| dvitIya praznapara vicAra-svAmI samantabhadra ne kahA hai ki jo pada evakArase viziSTa hotA hai vaha a-svArthase svArthako alaga karatA hai aura jo pada evakAra (hI) se rahita hotA hai vaha na kahe hueke samAna hai| udAharaNake taurapara 'asti jIvaH' isa vAkyameM 'asti' aura 'jIvaH' ye donoM pada evakArase rahita haiN| 'asti' padake sAtha evakArake na honese nAstitvakA vyavaccheda nahIM hotA aura nAstitvakA vyavaccheda na honese 'asti'padake dvArA nAstitvakA bhI kathana hotA hai aura isalie 'asti'padakA prayoga na kahe hue ke samAna ho jAtA hai| isI taraha 'jIva' padake sAtha 'eva' zabdakA prayoga na honese ajIvatvakA vyavaccheda nahIM hotA aura ajIvatvakA vyavaccheda na hone se 'jIva' padake dvArA ajIvakA bhI kathana hotA hai aura isalie 'jIva' padakA prayoga na kahe hae ke samAna ho jAtA hai| tathA isa taraha 'asti' padake dvArA nAstitvakA bhI aura nAstipadake dvArA astitvakA bhI kathana honese tathA jIvapadake dvArA ajIvaarthakA bhI aura ajIvapadake dvArA jIva arthakA bhI kathana honese asti-nAstipadoMmeM tathA jIva-ajIva padoMmeM ghaTa aura kalaza-zabdoMkI taraha ekArthavatA siddha hotI hai| aura ekArthaka honese ghaTa aura kalaza-zabdoMkI taraha asti aura nAstime-se tathA jIva aura ajIva zabdame-se cAhe jisa-kisI eka zabdakAprayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai / aura cAhe jisakA prayoga honepara sampUrNa vastumAtra apane pratiyogIse rahita ho jAtI haiM arthAt astitva nAstitvase sarvathA rahita ho jAtA hai aura aisA honese sattAdvaitakA prasaMga AtA hai| tathA nAstitvakA sarvathA abhAva honese sattAdvaita AtmahIna ho jAtA hai; kyoMki pararUpake tyAgake abhAvameM svarUpakA grahaNa nahIM banatA / jaise aghaTa rUpakA tyAga kiye binA ghaTakA 1. 'yadevakAropahitaM padaM tadasvArthataH svaarthmvcchintti| paryAyasAmAnyavizeSasarva padArtha hAnizca virodhivatsyAt // 41 // anuktatulyaM yadanevakAraM vyAvRtya bhAvAnniyamadvaye'pi / paryAyabhAve'nyataraprayogastatsava manyaM cyutamAtmahInam // 42 ||-yuktynushaasn /
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________________ zrutake do upayoga svarUpa pratiSThita nahIM hotaa| isI taraha abhAva bhI bhAvake binA nahIM banatA / kyoMki vastukA vastutva svarUpake grahaNa aura pararUpake tyAgapara hI nirbhara hai / vastu hI paradravya kSetra kAla aura bhAvako apekSA avastu ho jAtI hai / samasta svarUpase zUnya koI pRthak avastu sambhava hI nahIM hai / isa taraha samantabhadra svAmI evakArake prayogako pratyeka pada yA vAkyake sAtha Avazyaka mAnate haiM / vidyAnanda svAmIne bhI yahI bAta apane tattvarthizlokavArtika meM likhI hai / kintu yuktyanuzAsanako TIkAmeM unhoMne likhA hai ki 'syAtkAra ke prayoga ke binA anekAntAtmapanekI siddhi nahIM hotI, jaise evakAra ke prayogake binA samyak ekAntake avadhAraNakI siddhi nahIM hotii|' isase to yahI sUcita hotA hai ki nayavAkyoMmeM hI ekAntake avadhAraNakI siddhike lie evakArakA prayoga Avazyaka hotA hai / usake binA samyak ekAntakA avadhAraNa nahIM ho sakatA / yaha hama pahale likha Aye haiM ki sakalAdezI pramANavAkya meM eka guNake dvArA akhaNDa sakalavastukA kathana kiyA jAtA hai, aura nayavAkya meM jisa dharmakA nAma liyA jAtA hai vahI dharma mukhya hotA hai / evakAravAdiyoMke mata se 'syAdapatyeva jIvaH' yaha pramANavAkya hai / isa vAkya meM 'asti' guNake dvArA anya saba dharmo meM abheda mAnakara akhaNDa jIvadravyakA kathana kiyA gayA hai / aura jaba asti dharmake dvArA kevala asti dharmakA hI kathana abhISTa hotA hai to yahI vAkya nayavAkya ho jAtA hai / jo AcArya 'syAdasti jIva:' ko pramANavAkya aura 'syAdastyeva jIvaH' ko nayavAkya mAnate haiM ve evakArako avadhAraNAtmaka honeke kAraNa samyak ekAntakA sAdhaka mAnate haiM / zAyada isIse pramANavAkya ke sAtha ve usakA prayoga Avazyaka nahIM mAnate / saptabhaMgIkA upayoga 325 saptabhaMgIvAdakA vikAsa dArzanika kSetrameM huA ataH usakA upayoga bhI uso kSetra meM honA svAbhAvika hai / syAdvAda cU~ki vibhinna dRSTikoNoMko ucita rIti se samanvayAtmaka zailI meM vyavasthita karake pUrNa vastu svarUpakA prakAzana karatA hai| 1. 'vAkye'vadhAraNaM tAvadaniSTArthanivRttaye / kartavyamanyathAnuktasamatvAttasya kutracit // 53 / / ' - pR0 133 / 2. 'na hi syAtkAra prayogamantareNA nekAntAtmakatvasiddhiH, evakAraprayogamantareNa samyagekAntAvadhAraNa siddhivat' - pR0 105 /
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________________ * jaina nyAya ata: usakA phalita saptabhaMgIvAda bhI pramojanakA sAdhaka hai| svAmI samantabhadrane apane AptamImAMsA nAmaka prakaraNameM apane samayake sadaikAntavAdI sAMkhya, asadaikAntavAdI mAdhyamika, sarvathA ubhayavAdI vaizeSika aura avaktavyakAntavAdI bauddhakA nirAkaraNa karake Adya cAra bhaMgoMkA hI upayoga kiyA hai aura zeSa tIna bhaMgoMke upayogakA sUcana-mAtra kara diyA hai| AptamImAMsApara aSTazatI nAmaka bhASyake racayitA akalaMkadevane aura unake vyAkhyAkAra vidyAnandane zeSa tIna bhaMgoMkA upayoga karate hue zaMkarake anirvacanIyavAdako sadavaktavya bauddhoMke anyApohavAdako asadavaktavya aura yogake padArthavAdako sadasadavaktavya batalAyA hai aura isa taraha saptabhaMgIke sAta bhaMgoMke dvArA dArzanika kSetrake mantavyoMko saMgRhIta kiyA hai| anekAntameM saptabhaMgI zaMkA-eka vastu meM praznavaza pramANa-aviruddha vidhipratiSedhakalpanAko saptabhaMgI kahA hai / aura yaha bhI kahA hai ki usakA upayoga pratyeka vastumeM hotA hai / kintu anekAntameM vaha vidhipratiSedhavikalpanA ghaTita nahIM hotii| yadi hotI hai to jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki 'anekAnta nahIM hai' taba ekAntavAdake doSakA anuSaMga AtA hai| tathA isa taraha anekAntameM anekAntake mAnanepara anavasthA doSakA prasaMga bhI AtA hai| ataH anekAntameM kevala anekAntake hI hone ke kAraNa saptabhaMgI vyApaka nahIM hai; kyoMki anekAntameM hI usakA upayoga sambhava nahIM hai| samAdhAna-ukta kathana ThIka nahIM hai| anekAntameM bhI saptabhaMgI avatarita hotI hai yathA-syAdekAnta, syAdanekAnta, syAdubhaya, syAdavaktavya, syAdekAnta avaktavya, syAdanekAnta avaktavya aura syAdekAnta anekAnta avaktavya / ye bhaMga pramANa aura nayakI apekSAse ghaTita hote haiM / ekAnta do prakArakA hai-samyak ekAnta aura mithyA ekAnta / anekAnta bhI do prakArakA hai-samyak anekAnta aura mithyA anekAnta / pramANake dvArA nirUpita vastuke ekadezako hetuvizeSakI sAmarthyakI apekSAse grahaNa karanevAlA samyak ekAnta hai| aura eka dharmakA sarvathA avadhAraNa karake anya saba dharmoMkA nirAkaraNa karanevAlA mithyA ekAnta hai / eka vastume yuvita aura Agamase aviruddha pratipakSI aneka dharmokA 1. AptamImAMsA, kA0 6-11 / 2. kArikA 12 / 3-4. kArikA 13 / 5. tattvArthavArtika pR0 35 //
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________________ zrutake do upayoga 327 nirUpaNa karanevAlA samyak anekAnta hai| tat aura atat svabhAvavAlI vastuse zUnya, kAlpanika anekadharmAtmaka jo korA vAgjAla hai, vaha miththA anekAnta hai| samyak ekAntako naya kahate haiM aura samyak anekAntako pramANa kahate haiM / nayakI apekSAse ekAnta hotA hai; kyoMki eka ho dharmakA nizcaya karanekI aura usakA jhukAva hotA hai / aura pramANako apekSAse anekAnta hotA hai, kyoMki vaha aneka nizcayoMkA AdhAra hai / yadi anekAntako anekAnta rUpa hI mAnA jAye aura ekAntako sarvathA na mAnA jAye to ekAntakA abhAva honese ekAntoMke samaharUpa anekAntakA bhI abhAva ho jaaye| jaise zAkhA, patra, puSpa Adike abhAvameM vRkSakA abhAva anivArya hai / tathA yadi ekAntako hI mAnA jAye to avinAbhAvI itara saba dharmoMkA nirUpaNa karane ke kAraNa prakRta dharmakA bhI lopa ho jAnese sarvalopakA prasaMga AtA hai / isa taraha zeSa bhaMgoMko bhI yojanA kara lenI cAhie / nayavAda nayakA lakSaNa-svAmI samantabhadra ne nayakA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai "syAdvAdapravibhaktArthavizeSavyaJjako nayaH ||106||"-aaptmii0 / syAvAda arthAt zra tapramANake dvArA gRhIta arthake vizeSoM arthAt dharmoMkA jo alagaalaga kathana karatA hai use naya kahate haiM / vidyAnanda svAmIne bhI nayazabdakA vyutpattipUrvaka artha karate hue likhA hai "nayAnAM lakSaNaM lakSyaM tatsAmAnya vizeSataH / nIyate gamyate yena zrutArthAMzo nayo hi saH // 6 // tadaMzau dravyaparyAyalakSaNI saadhypkssinnau| nIyete tu yakAbhyAM tau nayAviti vinizcitau // 7 // " -ta0 zlokavArtika 1-33 / jisake dvArA zra tapramANake dvArA jAne gaye artha ke aMzoM-dharmoko jAnA jAtA hai use naya kahate haiM / ve aMza hai-dravya aura paryAya / jo naya vastuke dravyAMzako jAnatA hai use dravyArthika naya kahate haiM aura jo naya vastuke paryAyAMzako jAnatA hai use paryAyAthika naya kahate haiM / isa taraha ye sAmAnya naya aura usake do mUla bhedoMke lakSaNa haiN| yaha pahale batalA Aye haiM ki pramANake bhedoMmeM eka zrata hI aisA hai jo jJAnAtmaka bhI hai aura vacanAtmaka bhI hai aura usIke bheda naya haiM / ataH naya bhI jJAnAtmaka aura vacanAtmaka hote haiN|
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________________ jaina nyAya naya jJAtAke abhiprAyako naya kahate haiM / aura pramANase gRhIta vastuke ekadezameM vastukA nizcaya 'abhiprAya' hai / Azaya yaha hai ki vastukA svarUpa dravyaparyAyAtmaka hai aura pramANa dravyaparyAyAtmaka vastuko jAnatA hai| pramANase jAnI huI vastuke dravyAMza athavA paryAyAM meM vastukA nizcaya karaneko naya kahate hai| pramANa aura nayameM bheda-kinhIM kA kahanA hai ki naya pramANa hI haiM; kyoMki pramANakI taraha naya bhI svakA aura arthakA nizcAyaka hai| kintu aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki naya sva aura artha ke ekadezakA nizcAyaka hotA hai| zaMkA-sva aura arthakA ekadeza vastu hai athavA avastu hai| yadi vastu hai to vastukA grAhaka honese naya pramANa hI ThaharatA hai| aura yadi avastu hai to avastukA grAhaka honese naya mithyAjJAna kahA jAyegA; kyoMki avastuko jAnanA mithyAjJAnakA lakSaNa hai| samAdhAna-jaise samudrakA ekadeza na to samudra hI hai aura na asamudra hI hai vaise hI nayake dvArA jAnA gayA vastukA aMza na to vastu hI hai aura na avastU hI hai / yadi samudra ke ekadezako hI samudra kahA jAyegA to samudrake zeSa deza asamudra ho jaayeNge| yA phira eka-eka dezako samudra mAnanese bahuta-se samudra ho jaayeNge| aura yadi samudra ke ekadezako asamudra kahA jAyegA to samudrake zeSa deza bhI asamudra kahalAyeMge aura aisI sthitimeM kahIM bhI samudra panakA vyavahAra nahIM bana skegaa| ata: samudra kA ekadeza na to samudra hai aura na asamudra hai kintu samudrakA aMza hai / uso taraha nayake dvArA jAnA gayA svArthakA ekadeza na to vastu hai; kyoMki svArthake ekadezako vastu mAnanese usake anya dezoMko avastutvakA prasaMga AtA hai| yA phira vastuke bahutvakA prasaMga AtA hai| tathA nayase jAnA gayA vastukA ekadeza avastu bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi vastuke eka dezako avastu mAnA jAyegA to usake zeSa deza bhI avastu kahe jAyeMge, aura aisI sthitimeM kahIM bhI vastuko vyavasthA nahIM bana skegii| ataH nayake dvArA jAnA gayA vastukA ekadeza vastvaMza hI hai| 1. SaTa khaNDAgama, pu0 6, pR0 162 aadi|| 2. 'svArthanizcAyakatvena pramANaM naya ityasat / svArthaMkadezanirNAtilakSaNo hi nayaH smRtH||4|| nAyaM vastu na cAvastu vastvaMzaH kathyate ytH| nAsamudro samudro vA samudrAMzo ythocyte|'5|| tanmAtrasya samudratve zeSAMzasyAsamudratA / samudrasya bahutvaM vA syAttacce. kAstu samudravit // 6 // -ta0 zlokavArtika 1-6 sU0 /
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________________ zrutake do upayoga 329 zaMkA- aMza aura aMzIke samUhakA nAma vastu hai / ataH jaise vastukA eka aMza na vastu hai aura na avastu hai, kintu kevala vastvaMza hai, usI taraha aMzI bhI na vastu hai aura na avastu hai kintu kevala aMzI hai / isalie jaise vastuke aMzako jAnanevAlA jJAna naya hai vaise hI aMzIko bhI jAnanevAlA jJAna naya honA cAhie / anyathA jaise aMzoko jAnanevAlA jJAna pramANa mAnA jAtA hai vaise hI aMzako jAnanevAlA jJAna bhI pramANa honA caahie| aura aisI sthiti meM naya pramANase bhinna nahIM hai / samAdhAna--ukta okSepa ThIka nahIM hai / jaba sampUrNa dharmoko gauNa karake aMzIko hI pradhAna rUpase jAnanA iSTa hotA hai to usameM dravyArthikanayakA hI mukhyarUpa se vyApAra mAnA gayA hai, pramANakA nahIM / kintu jaba dharma aura dharmIke samUhako pradhAnarUpase jAnanA iSTa hotA hai to usameM pramANakA vyApAra hotA hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki aMzoMko pradhAna aura aMzIko gauNarUpase athavA aMzIko pradhAna aura aMzoMko gauNa rUpase jAnanevAlA jJAna naya hai / tathA aMza aura aMzI donoMko pradhAna rUpa se jAnanevAlA jJAna pramANa hai ataH naya pramANase bhinna hai / pramANa tathA, naya nahIM hai; kyoMki pramANakA viSaya anekAnta hai / aura na naya pramANa hai, kyoMki nayakA viSaya ekAnta hai / pramANakA viSaya ekAnta nahIM hai; kyoMki ekAnta nIrUpa honese avastu hai aura jo avastu hai, vaha jJAnakA viSaya nahIM hotaa| isI taraha nayakA viSaya anekAnta nahIM hai; kyoMki nayadRSTimeM anekAnta avastu hai aura avastumeM vastukA Aropa nahIM ho sakatA / kyoMki yadi vaha kevala tathA pramANa kevala vidhi ( sat ) ko nahIM jAnatA, vidhiko hI jAne to eka padArthakA dUsare padArtha se bheda na grahaNa karanepara ghaTake sthAnapara paTameM bhI pravRtti kara sakegA aura aisI sthiti meM jAnanA na jAnane ke samAna hI ho jAyegA / tathA pramANa kevala pratiSedhako bhI grahaNa nahIM karatA; kyoMki vidhiko jAne binA 'yaha isase bhinna hai' aisA grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA 1. 'yathAMzini pravRttasya jJAnasyeSTA pramANatA / tathAMzeSvapi kinna syAditi mAnAtmako nayaH ||18|| - ta0 zlo0 vA0, sU0 1-6 / 2. 'tannAMzinyapi niHzeSadharmANAM guNatAgatau / dravyArthikanayasyaiva vyApArAnmukhyarUpataH // 16 // dharma samUhasya prAdhAnyArpaNayA vidaH / pramANatvena nirNIteH pramANAdaparo nayaH // 20 // ' - vahI 3. SaTU khaNDAgama pu0 6, pR0 163 / 42
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________________ jaina nyAya sktaa| tathA pramANameM vidhi aura pratiSedha donoM paraspara meM alaga-alaga bhI pratibhAsita nahIM hote; kyoMki aisA honepara Upara kevala vidhi pakSameM aura kevala niSedhapakSameM kahe gaye donoM doSoMkA prasaMga AtA hai| ataH vidhi pratiSedhAtmaka vastu pramANakA viSaya hai| isalie pramANakA viSaya ekAnta nahIM hai| ataH pramANa naya nahIM hai, kintu pramANase jAnI huI vastuke ekadezameM vastutvakI vivakSAkA nAma naya hai| pramANase gRhIta vastumeM jo ekAntarUpa vyavahAra hotA hai vaha nayamUlaka hai| ataH samasta vyavahAra nayake adhIna hai| pUjyapAda akalaMkadevane sAmAnya nayakA yahI lakSaNa kahA hai "pramANe prakAzitArthavizeSaprarUpako nyH|" / pramANase gRhIta astitva, nAstitva, nityatva, anityatva Adi ananta dharmAtmaka jIvAdi padArthoke jo vizeSa dharma haiM, unakA nirdoSa kathana karanevAlA naya hai| unhoMne apanI aSTazatImeM eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai, jisameM pramANanaya aura durnayakA svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai| zloka isa prakAra hai___ "arthasyAnekarUpasya dhIH pramANaM tadaMzadhIH / nayo dharmAntarApekSI dunayastannirAkRtiH // " aneka dharmAtmaka arthake jJAnako pramANa kahate haiM / dharmAntarasApekSa eka dharmake jJAnako naya kahate haiN| aura itaradharma nirapekSa eka hI dharmake jJAnako durnaya kahate haiM / virodhI pratIta honevAle itaradharmakA nirAkaraNa karanekA nAma nira. pekSatA hai| aura vastuvicArake samaya virodhI pratIta honevAle dharmakI apekSA na honese usakI upekSA karanekA nAma sApekSatA hai| nirapekSa naya mithyA hote haiM unheM hI durnaya kahate haiN| sApekSa naya samyaka hote haiM; kyoMki ve hI kAryakArI hote haiN| yahI bAta samantabhadra svAmIne kahI hai| "nirapekSA nayA mithyA sApekSA vastu te'rthakRt // " nayake bheda-nayake do mUla bheda haiM dravyArthika aura paryAyAthika / yataH vastu dravya paryAyAtmaka yA sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hotI hai| usake dravyAMza yA sAmAnya rUpakA grAhI dravyAthika naya hai aura paryAyAMza yA vizeSAtmaka rUpakA grAhI paryAyAthika naya hai| jaisA ki sanmatitarkameM kahA hai 1. tattvArthavArtika, 1 // 33 / 2. aSTasahasrI, pR0 26.01. 3. AptamImAMsA, zloka 108 /
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________________ 331 zrutake do upayoga "titthayasvayaNasaMgahavisesapatthAramUlavAgaraNI / davvaTio ya pajjavaNao ya sesA viyappA siM // 3 // " tIrthakaroMke vacanoMko sAmAnya aura vizeSarUpa rAziyoMke mUla pratipAdaka dravyAthika aura paryAyAthika naya haiM / bAkIke saba ina donoMke hI bheda haiM / sArAMza . yaha hai ki anekAntakA nirUpaNa nayoMke dvArA hI ho sakatA hai / naya aneka hai; kyoMki vastu aneka dharmAtmaka hai aura eka-eka dharmakA grAhaka naya hai / parantu una sabakA samAveza saMkSepameM do nayoMmeM ho jAtA hai| ve do naya haiM-dravyArthika aura paryAyAthika / dravyArthika nayake tIna bheda haiM-naigama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra / tathA paryAyAthika nayake cAra bheda haiM-RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta / ina sAta nayoMmeMse Adike cAra nayoMko arthanaya kahate haiM, kyoMki ve arthakI pradhAnatAse vastukA grahaNa karate haiM aura zabdapradhAna honese zeSa tIna nayoMko zabdanaya kahate haiN| aisA hI akalaMkadevane laghIyastrayameM kahA hai "catvAro'rthanayA hyete jIvAdyarthavyapAzrayAt / trayaH zabdanayAH satyapadavidyAM samAzritAH // 72 // " naigamanaya-'naikaM gamaH naigamaH' arthAt jo dharma aura dharmImeM-se ekako ho nahIM jAnatA hai, kintu gauNa aura pradhAna rUpase dharma aura dharmI donoMkA viSaya : karatA hai use naigama naya kahate haiM / jaise jIva amUrta hai, jJAtA, draSTA, sUkSma, kartA, bhoktA aura pariNAmI nitya hai| yahAM pradhAna rUpase jIvatvakA nirUpaNa karanepara sukhAdi dharma gauNa ho jAte haiN| aura sukhAdi guNoMkA nirUpaNa karanepara AtmA gauNa ho jAtA hai| aura dharma-dharmIko yA guNa-guNIko atyanta bhinna mAnanA naigamAbhAsa hai| jainadharmake anusAra guNa-guNI, avayava-avayavI, kriyA-kAraka, aura jAti-vyaktimeM atyanta bheda mAnanevAlA nyAya-vaizeSika darzana naigamAbhAsI hai| tathA caitanya aura sukhAdimeM atyanta bhedavAdI sAMkhya bhI naigamAbhAsI hai| ina donoM darzanoMne nira. pekSa tattvasvarUpakA jo vivecana kiyA hai vaha naigamanayako dRSTise yathArtha hote hue bhI nirapekSa honeke kAraNa ayathArtha hai; kyoMki naigama satyAMza hai| pUrNa satya . nahIM hai| 1. laghIyastraya svopazavRttisahita kA0 36 tathA 68 / nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 622 tathA 788-786 / ta0 zlo0 vA0, pR0 266 / dhavalA TIkA, pu0, 1, pR0 84 / jayadhavalA TI0, bhA01, pR0 221 / 2 siddhi vi0 TI0, pR0 674-676 /
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________________ * jaina nyAya nigama kA artha saMkalpa bhI hotA hai| ataH arthake saMkalpa mAtrakA grAhI naigama naya hai / yaha naigama nayakA dUsarA artha hai / jaise, prastha (prAcIna samayakA dhAnyamApaka pAtravizeSa) banAne ke nimitta jaMgalase lakar3I leneke lie kuThAra lekara jAnevAle kisI puruSase pUchanepara ki, Apa kahA~ jA rahe haiM ? vaha uttara detA hai ki, prasthake lie / tathA pAnI, iMdhana vagairaha lAne meM lage hue puruSase jaba koI pUchatA hai kiApa kyA kara rahe haiM ? to vaha uttara detA hai ki rasoI banA rahA huuN| kintu usa samaya na to kahIM prastha hai aura na rasoI / kintu una donoMkA prastha aura rasoI banAnekA saMkalpa hai, usa saMkalpameM hI vaha prastha yA rasoIkA vyavahAra karatA hai / ataH aniSpanna arthaka saMkalpa mAtrakA grAhaka naigamanaya hai| isa naigama nayake aneka bheda batalAye haiM / mUla bheda tIna hai-paryAyanaigama, dravyanaigama aura dravyaparyAyanaigama / paryAyanagamake tIna bheda hai, dravyanagamake do bheda haiM aura dravyaparyAyanaigamake cAra bheda haiM / isa taraha naigamanayake nau bheda haiM / kisI vastu meM do arthaparyAyoMko gauNa aura mukhyarUpase jAnane ke lie jJAtAkA jo abhiprAya hotA hai vaha arthaparyAyanaigamanaya hai| jaise sazarIra jIvakA sukhasaMvedana pratikSaNa nAzako prApta ho rahA hai| yahA~ pratikSaNa utpAdavyayarUpa arthaparyAya to vizeSaNarUpa honese gauNa hai aura saMvedanarUpa arthaparyAya vizeSya honese mukhya hai| sukha aura jJAnako parasparameM sarvathA bhinna mAnanA yA AtmAse unheM sarvathA bhinna mAnanA arthaparyAya naigamAbhAsa hai / eka vastumeM gauNa mukhyarUpase do vyaMjana paryAyoMko jAnanekA abhiprAya vyaMjanaparyAyanaigamanaya hai| jaise AtmAmeM sat caitanya hai| yahA~ sattvakA gauNa rUpase aura caitanyakA pradhAnarUpase grahaNa hai| sattA aura caitanyako parasparameM AtmAse sarvathA bhinna mAnanekA abhiprAya vyaMjanaparyAyanaigamAbhAsa hai| arthaparyAya aura vyaMjanaparyAyako gauNa aura mukhyarUpase jAnanekA abhiprAya arthavyaMjanaparyAyanaigama hai| jaise dharmAtmA puruSakA sukhI jIvana hai| sukha aura jIvanako sarvathA bhinna mAnanekA abhiprAya arthavyaMjanaparyAya naigamAbhAsa hai| isa taraha paryAya naigamanayake tIna bheda hai| sampUrNa vastu sadravya rUpa hai isa prakArake abhiprAyako zuddha dravya naigamanaya kahate haiN| aura sat aura dravyako sarvathA bhinna mAnanekA abhiprAya zuddha dravya 1. sarvArthasi0, tattvArthavArtika, ta0 zlo0 vA0, suutr-1|33 / 2. ta0 zlo0 vA0, pR0 266-270 /
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________________ zrutake do upayoga 333 naigamAbhAsa hai| dravya guNavAn yA paryAyavAn hai isa prakArake abhiprAyako azuddha dravyanagamanaya kahate haiM / dravya aura guNakA yA dravya aura paryAyakA sarvathA bheda mAnanA azuddha dravya naigamAbhAsa hai / ye do dravya naigamanayake bheda haiN| 'isa saMsArameM sukha satsvarUpa hotA huA kSaNika haiM' aisA abhiprAya zuddha dravyArthaparyAyanaigama hai; kyoMki yahA~ satsanA zuddha dravya hai aura sukha arthaparyAya hai| vizeSaNarUpa zuddha dravyako gauNa rUpase aura vizeSyarUpa arthaparyAya sukhako pradhAnarUpase yaha naya jAnatA hai| sukharUpa arthaparyAyase satko sarvathA bhinna mAnanA naigamAbhAsa hai| 'saMsArI jIva kSaNa bhara taka sukho hai' isa prakArakA nizcaya azuddha dravyArthaparyAya naigamanaya hai| naya sukharUpa arthaparyAyako gauNa rUpase aura azuddhadravyasaMsArI jIvako pradhAnarUpase jAnatA hai / sukha aura jIvakA sarvathA bheda mAnanA nayAbhAsa hai| caitanyapanA satsvarUpa hai isa prakArakA abhiprAya zuddha dravya vyaMjanaparyAya naigamanaya hai| yahAM caitanya vyaMjanaparyAya hai aura sat zuddha dravya hai| yaha naya mukhya aura gauNa rUpase donoMko jAnatA hai| 'manuSya guNavAn hai' yaha azuddhadravya vyaMjanaparyAyanaigamanayakA udAharaNa hai| isameM guNavAn azuddhadravya hai aura manuSya vyaMjanaparyAya hai| isa prakAra dravyaparyAya naigamanayake cAra bheda haiM / ___ saMgraha naya-apanI jAtikA virodha na karake sAmAnyake dvArA una-una padArthoMkA saMgraha karanevAlA saMgrahanaya hai / jaise 'sat' kahanese sattA sambandhake yogya dravya, guNa, karma Adi sabhI sadvyaktiyoMkA grahaNa ho jAtA hai| dravya kahanese sabhI dravyoMkA grahaNa ho jAtA hai| saMgrahanayake do bheda haiM-parasaMgraha aura aprsNgrh| sattAmAtra zuddha dravyakA grAhI parasaMgraha hai| kintu jo bhedoMkA nirAkaraNa karake kevala sattAdvaitakA hI grAhI hai vaha parasaMgrahAbhAsa hai / puruSAdvaita, jJAnAdvaita, zabdAdvaita Adi advaitavAda parasaMgrahAbhAsake hI antargata haiN| parasaMgraha nayake dvArA gRhIta vastuke vizeSa aMzoMko grahaNa karanevAlA aparasaMgraha naya hai| jaise satke bheda dravya aura paryAya haiN| ataH sampUrNa dravyoMmeM vyApta dravyatva aparasaMgraha nayakA viSaya hai| isI taraha sampUrNa paryAyoMmeM vyApta paryAyatva bhI aparasaMgraha nayakA viSaya hai| isa taraha yaha naya avAntarabhedoMkA ekatvarUpase saMgraha karatA hai, kintu pratipakSI bhedoMkA nirAkaraNa nahIM krtaa| 1. sarvArthasiddhi tathA tattvArthavArtika, 1133 / ta0 zlo0 vA0, pR0 270 / laghIyastraya kA038 tathA 66 /
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________________ 134 jaina nyAya vyavahAra naya-saMgrahanayake dvArA gRhIta arthoMkA vidhipUrvaka vibhAga karanevAlA vyavahAranaya hai| jaise parasaMgraha 'sava sat hai' aisA grahaNa karatA hai, vyavahAranaya usake bhedoMko grahaNa karatA hai, vaha sat dravya aura paryAyarUpa hai| jaise aparasaMgrahanaya saba dravyoMkA dravyarUpase aura sarvaparyAyoMkA paryAyarUpase saMgraha karatA hai| vyavahAranaya usakA vibhAga karatA hai-dravya jIvAdike bhedase chaha prakAra hai / paryAya sahabhAvI aura kramabhAvIke bhedase do prakAra hai / isa prakAra vyavahAramaya tabataka bheda-prabheda karatA hai jabataka bhedakI sambhAvanA hai| parasaMgrahake pazcAt aura RjasUtrase pahale taka aparAparasaMgraha aura vyavahArakA prapaMca calatA hai| kyoMki sabhI vastu sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hai| kintu isase vyavahArako naigamanayake samAna nahIM samajhanA cAhie kyoMki vyavahAranaya to kevala saMgrahanayake viSayameM bheda-prabheda karatA hai| kintu naigamanaya gauNatA aura mukhyatAse sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoMko grahaNa karatA hai| kAlpanika dravyaparyAyake vibhAgako mAnanevAlA naya vyavahArAbhAsa hai| RjusUtra naya-RjusUtranaya dravyako goNa karake kSaNa-kSaNameM naSTa honevAlI paryAyako hI mukhyarUpase grahaNa karatA hai| paryAyoMmeM bhI bhUtaparyAyeM to naSTa ho cukI, aura bhAviparyAyeM abhI utpanna ho nahIM huI haiM / ataH loka-vyavahAra na vinaSTase cala sakatA hai aura na bhaaviise| isalie vartamAna kSaNavartI paryAyako hI yaha naya viSaya karatA hai| aura trikAlAtIta dravyako vivakSA nahIM krtaa| bauddhoMkA kSaNikavAda isI nayadRSTike antargata samAviSTa hotA hai| kintu boddhadarzana paryAyoM meM anusyUta anvayI dravyako nahIM maantaa| isalie vaha RjusUtra nayAbhAsa hai| tattvArthavArtika ( pR0 96-97 ) meM akalaMkadevane aneka udAharaNa dekara RjusUtra nayakI dRSTiko spaSTa kiyA hai| jisa samaya prasthase dhAnya Adi mApA jAtA hai usI samaya use prastha kahate haiM / vartamAnameM atIta aura anAgata dhAnyakA mApa to sambhava nahIM hai| tathA isa nayakI dRSTise kumbhakAra vyavahAra nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki zivika Adi paryAyoMke nirmANa taka to use kumbhakAra kaha nahIM sakate aura ghaTaparyAyake samaya apane 1. sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArthavAtika, 133 / ta0 zlo0 vA0, pR0 271 / laghIyastraya kA0 42 tathA 70 / 2, sarvArthasiddhi, tatvArthavA0, 1 / 33 / ta0 zlo0 vA0, pR0 271-272 / laghIyatraya kA0 43 tathA 71 | nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 636, 762 /
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________________ zrutake do upayoga 335 avayavoMse svayaM hI ghaTa bana jAtA hai / jo kahIMse Akara baiTha cukA hai vaha yaha nahIM kaha sakatA ki maiM abhI hI A rahA hU~; kyoMki usa samaya AgamanakriyA nahIM ho rahI hai / kisI se 'kahA~ rahate ho ?' aisA pUchanepara isa nayakI dRSTise jina AkAza pradezoM meM vaha sthita hai vahI usakA nivAsasthAna hai ataH grAmanivAsa, gRhanivAsakA vyavahAra sambhava nahIM hai / zabdanaya - jo naya kAla, kAraka, liMga, saMkhyA Adike bhedase arthako bhedarUpa 1 mAnatA hai vaha zabda hai / cU~ki yaha naya zabdako pradhAnatAse usake vAcyArthako bhedarUpa mAnatA hai isalie ise zabdanaya kahate haiM / vyavahAranaya to kAla kAraka AdikA bheda honepara bhI arthabheda svIkAra nahIM karatA, ataH zabdanayakI dRSTi meM vaha ThIka nahIM hai / jaise---- amuka manuSyake vizvadRzvA (jo vizvako dekha cukA hai) putra paidA hogA / jo abhI paidA hI nahIM huA vaha vizvako kaise dekha sakatA hai / ataH atIta aura anAgatakA jo sAmAnAdhikaraNya vyavahArameM jor3A jAtA hai vaha zabdana kI dRSTise ThIka nahIM hai / isI taraha liMgabheda, kArakabhedase zabdanaya artha - bhedako mAnatA hai / vaha lokavyavahAra aura vyAkaraNa - zAstra ke virodhakI cintA nahIM karatA / sArAMza yaha hai ki isa nayake abhiprAyAnusAra kAlabheda honepara bhI arthakA bheda na mAnanepara bar3A doSa AtA hai--atIta rAvaNa aura bhaviSya meM honevAlA zaMkha cakravartI bhI eka ho jaayeNge| isI taraha vaiyAkaraNa loga 'puSya tArA hai' yahA~ liMgabheda honepara bhI donoM zabdoMkA eka hI artha mAnate haiM / kintu puSya zabda pulliMga hai aura tArA zabda strIliMga hai / yadi vibhinna liMgavAle zabdoMkA ekArtha mAnA jAyegA to pulliMga paTa zabda aura strIliMga kuTI zabda bhI sArthaka ho jAyeMge / isI prakAra anyatra bhI samajhanA cAhie / samabhirUDhanaya - zabdabhedase arthabheda mAnanevAlA naya samabhirUr3hanaya hai / jaise indra, zakra aura purandara zabda isa nayakI dRSTi meM bhinna-bhinna arthake vAcaka haiM | arthAt svargakA svAmI Ananda karanese indra hai, zaktizAlI honese zakra hai aura puroMkA vidAraNa karanese purandara hai / isa prakAra yaha naya zabdabhedase eka hI indrako bhedarUpa svIkAra karatA hai / zabdanaya to kevala kAla, kAraka, liMga, saMkhyA Adike bhedase arthabheda mAnatA thA, paryAyabhedase nahIM / usake mata se indra, zakra aura purandara zabdake artha meM bheda, * 1. sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArthavA0, 1133 | ta0 zlo0 vA0, pR0 272-273 / laghIyastraya kA0 44 tathA, 72 / nyA0 kR0 ca0, pR0 764?
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________________ 236 jaina nyAya nahIM hai; kyoMki inameM liMga AdikA bheda nahIM hai, kintu samabhirUr3ha naya pratyeka zabdakA bhinna-bhinna artha mAnatA hai / jitane zabda haiM utane hI unake vAcyArtha haiM / evaMbhUtanaya-zabdakA jo vAcyArtha hai, usa rUpa kriyA pariNata artha ho usa zabdakA vAcyArtha hai yaha evaMbhUtanayakI dRSTi hai| jaise jisa samaya svargakA svAmI indana arthAt paramaizvaryakA anubhavana karatA ho usI samaya vaha indra kahe jAneke yogya hai| isa taraha isa nayakI dRSTimeM pratyeka zabdakA prayoga usa kriyArUpa pariNata avasthAmeM hI ucita mAnA jAtA hai / / __ 'ukta sAta nayoMmeM pUrva-pUrvakA naya bahuviSayavAlA hai; kyoMki vaha kAraNarUpa hai| aura uttara-uttarakA naya alpaviSayavAlA hai; kyoMki vaha pUrvanayakA kAryarUpa hai| jaise naigama aura saMgraha nayoMmeM-se saMgrahanaya bahuviSayavAlA nahIM hai; kyoMki vaha naigamase uttara hai, balki saMgrahase pUrva honeke kAraNa naigamanaya hI bahuviSayavAlA hai / saMgrahanaya kevala sanmAtrako grahaNa karatA hai kintu naigamanaya sat asat donoMkA grAhaka hai; kyoMki jaise sadrUpa vastumeM saMkalpa kiyA jAtA hai vaise hI asadrUpa vastumeM bhI saMkalpa kiyA jAtA hai / tathA saMgrahase vyavahAranaya alpaviSayavAlA hai; kyoMki saMgrahanaya to samasta satsamUhakA saMgrAhaka hai, aura vyavahAranaya sadvizeSakA hI grAhaka hai / vyavahAranayase RjusUtranaya alpaviSayavAlA hai| kyoMki vyavahAranaya trikAlavartI arthako grahaNa karatA hai aura RjusUtranaya vartamAna arthako hI grahaNa karatA hai| RjusUtranayase zabdanaya alpaviSayavAlA hai, kyoMki RjusUtra kAlAdike bhedase arthako bhedarUpa nahIM mAnatA, kintu zabdanaya mAnatA hai| zabdanayase samabhirUr3hanaya alpaviSayavAlA hai; kyoMki zabdanaya to paryAyabheda honepara bhI abhinna arthako svIkAra karatA hai kintu samabhirUr3ha paryAyabhedase arthako bhedarUpa svIkAra karatA hai / samabhirUr3hanayase evaMbhUtanaya alpaviSayavAlA hai; kyoMki samabhirUDhanaya kriyAbheda honepara bhI abhinna arthako grahaNa karatA hai, parantu evaMbhUtanaya kriyAbhedase arthako bhedarUpa svIkAra karatA hai / isa prakAra nayoMkA svarUpa jAnanA cAhie / 1.ta0 zlo0 2vA0, pR0 274 / .
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________________ pramANakA phala sarvArthasiddhimeM jJAnake prAmANyakA samarthana karate hue AcArya pUjyapAdane sagnivarSake prAmANyakA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| isapara sannikarSavAdI ne jJAnako pramANa mAnane meM eka Apatti upasthita kI hai| usakA kahanA hai ki-"yadi 'jJAnako pramANa mAnA jAtA hai to phalakA abhAva ho jAtA hai / pramANakA phala jJAna hI hai, anya kucha bhI nhiiN| usa jJAnako yadi pramANa mAna liyA jAtA hai to usakA koI anya phala nahIM ho sakatA, aura pramANakA phala honA avazya caahie| yadi sanikarSa athavA indriyako pramANa mAnA jAtA hai to usakA phala jJAna bana jAtA hai| ukta Apattise yaha spaSTa hai ki sabhI dArzanikoMne pramANakA vicAra karate hue usake phalakA bhI vicAra kiyA hai; kyoMki jaba pratyeka kAryakA kucha-na-kucha phala hotA hai to pramANakA bhI phala avazya honA cAhie / binA phalake pramANakI khoja kona buddhimAna kregaa| vaidika darzanoM meM pramANakA phala jJAna hai aura jina yA jisa kAraNase jJAna utpanna hotA hai vaha pramANa hai / jaina darzana meM jJAnako hI pramANa mAnA hai| ataH usakA phala bhinna hai| AcArya samantabhadrane kevalajJAnakA phala upekSA batalAyA hai aura zeSa mati Adi jJAnoMkA phala heya aura upAdeya buddhi tathA upekSA batalAyA hai / yaha paramparA phala hai / sAkSAt phala to ajJAnakA nAza hai| isa prakAra pramANakA phala do prakArakA hai-eka sAkSAt phala arthAt pramANase abhinna phala aura dUsarA paramparA phala arthAt pramANase bhinna phala / pramANakA sAkSAt phala to pramANane jisa vastuko jAnA hai, usa viSayaka ajJAnakA nAza hI hai| aura paramparA phala hAna, upAdAna aura upekSA hai, kyoMki vastukA jJAna honeke pazcAt yadi vaha vastu ahitakArI pratIta hotI hai to jJAtA use chor3a detA hai aura yadi hitakArI pratota hotI hai to use grahaNa kara letA hai / tathA yadi usa jAnI huI vastuse koI prayojana nahIM hotA to usakI upekSA kara detA hai / ajJAna nivRttike pazcAt hI hAna upAdAna Adi buddhi hotI hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki pramANa 1. sarvArtha, sU0 1-10 / 2. 'upekSA phalamAdyasya zeSasyAdAnahAnI / pUrvA vA'zAnanAzo vA sarvasyAsya svagocare ||102||'-praaptmii /
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________________ jaina nyAya se ajJAnakI nivRtti hotI hai aura ajJAnakI nivRtti honeke pazcAt hAnAdi buddha hotI hai / ataH pramANakA sAkSAt phala ajJAnanivRtti hai aura paramparA phala hAna, upAdAna aura upekSA buddhi hai / ataH pramANase phala bhinna bho hotA hai aura abhinna bhI hotA hai / yadi pramANa aura phalako sarvathA bhinna athavA sarvathA abhinna mAnA jAyegA to unameM pramANa aura phanakA vyavahAra nahIM bana sakatA / ataH kramase utpanna honevAle avagraha Adi jJAnoM meM se pUrva pUrvakA jJAna pramANa aura uttara-uttarakA jJAna usakA phala hotA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki avagraha IhA, avAya, dhAraNA, smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka aura anumAna meM se pUrva pUrvakA jJAna pramANa hai aura uttarauttarakA jJAna usakA phala hai / jaise, avagraha jJAna pramANa hai aura IhA jJAna usakA phala hai; kyoMki IhAjJAnake honemeM avagraha jJAna sAdhakatama hai aura IhAjJAna usakA sAdhya hai / isI taraha avAyajJAnakI utpatti meM sAdhakatama honese IhAjJAna pramANa hai aura avAyajJAna usakA phala hai / dhAraNAjJAnako utpatti meM sAdhakatama honese avAyajJAna pramANa haiM aura dhAraNAjJAna usakA phala hai| smRtiko utpattimeM sAdhakatama honese dhAraNAjJAna pramANa haiM ora smRti usakA phala hai / pratyabhijJAnakI utpatti meM kAraNa honese smRti pramANa hai aura pratyabhijJAna phala hai| tarka pramANakI utpatti meM kAraNa honese pratyabhijJAna pramANa hai aura tarka phala hai / anumAna pramANakI utpattimeM sAdhakatama honese tarka pramANa hai aura anumAnajJAna phala hai / tathA anumAnajJAna bhI ajJAnanivRtti Adi phalameM kAraNa honese pramANa hai / isa prakAra pratyeka jJAna pramANa bhI hai aura phala bhI hai / ataH yadyapi pramANa aura phala kramabhAtrI hote haiM, phira bhI unameM paraspara meM kathaMcit ekatva hotA hai / pramANa aura phala meM sarvathA bheda mAnanevAle naiyAyikoM kA pUrvapakSa "naiyAyikakA kahanA hai ki pramANa aura phalameM tAdAtmya nahIM bana sakatA; kyoMki pramANakAraka hai| jo kAraka hotA hai vaha apane se bhinna padArtha meM kriyA karatA hai, jaise kuThAra agnese bhinna lakar3oko cora DAlatA hai| cUMki pramANa bhI kAraka hai ataH vaha apanese bhinna padArtha meM kriyAko karatA hai / tathA, pramANa apane se bhinna phalakA kartA hai; kyoMki vaha karaNa hai / jo karaNa hotA hai vaha apanese bhinna phalakA kartA hotA hai, jaise kuThAra Adi / kuThAra Adi svAtmAmeM kriyA karate hue nahIM dekhe jAte / aura jo kucha karatA nahIM hai, vaha karaNa ho nahIM sakatA / ataH jo kartA athavA karma meM apanese bhinna phalako karatA hai vaho karaNa hai / nyA0 ku0 ca0, pR0 208 / 338
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________________ pramANakA phaLa pramANako ho phala mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki karaNarUpatA aura phalarUpatA ye donoM dharma paraspara meM virodha haiM, ataH eka vastumeM eka sAtha nahIM raha sakate / isalie pramANa aura phalame bheda mAnanA hI zreSTha hai / udAharaNake lie vizeSaNajJAna pramANa hai aura vizeSyajJAna phala hai ina donoMmeM abheda kaise ho sakatA hai; kyoMki donoM jJAnoMkI utpAdaka sAmagrI bhinna hai aura viSaya bho vibhinna hai / vizeSaNa jJAnakI utpatti vizeSaNa ke sAtha indriyasannikarSarUpa sAmagrIse hotI hai aura vizeSya jJAnako utpatti vizeSya ke sAtha indriya sannikarSa rUpa sAmagrI se hotI hai / tathA viSaya bheda to donoM jJAnoMmeM spaSTa hI hai; kyoMki ekakA viSaya vizeSaNa hai aura ekakA viSaya vizeSya hai / 1. nyA0 ku0 ba0, pR0 206 / uttara pakSa-- jainoMkA kahanA hai ki pramANa aura phalameM bheda siddha karaneke lie jo 'kAraka' hetu diyA hai, vaha ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki 'kAraka' hetuse Apa ( naiyAyika) pramANa aura phalame kathaMcit bheda siddha karanA cAhate haiM athavA sarvathA bheda siddha karanA cAhate hai ? yadi kathaMcit bheda siddha karanA cAhate haiM to hameM iSTa ho hai; kyoMki ajJAnanivRtti pramANakA dharma hai aura hAna, upAdAna pramANake kArya haiM, ata: ve pramANase kathaMcit bhinna haiN| pramANakA phala do prakArakA hotA hai- -- eka pramANase bhinna aura eka abhinna / pramANakA abhinna phala ajJAnanivRtti hai, kyoMki vaha pramANakA dharma hai| jo jisakA dharma hotA hai vaha usase abhinna hotA hai jaise dIpakakA svapara prakAzaka rUpa dharma dIpaka se abhinna hai / hamI prakAra svarUpa aura pararUpasambandhI ajJAnako dUra karanerUpa ajJAnanivRtti pramANakA dharma hai / ataH vaha usase abhinna haiM / kintu dharma aura dharmo me sarvathA bheda athavA sarvathA abheda mAnanepara dharma dharmiyana nahIM banatA; kyoMki jinameM sarvathA bheda hotA hai, unameM dharma- dhamibhAva nahI hotA / jaise sahya aura vindhya parvatame sarvathA bheda hai ataH uname dharma- dharmibhAva nahIM hai isI prakAra jinameM sarvathA abheda hotA hai unameM bhI dharma- dharmibhAva nahIM hotA / ataH kathaMcit bheda mAnanA hI zreSTha hai / sAdhakatama honese jJAna pramANa hai aura ajJAnanivRttirUpa honese phala hai / jJAnakA sva aura parako grahaNa karanekA vyApAra ho usakA sAdhakatamapanA hai / apane kAraNoMse utpanna honevAlA jJAna sva aura arthako grahaNa karanerUpa vyApAra karatA huA hI svArthabyavasAya rUpase pariNamana karatA hai / ataH kathaMcit abheda hote hue bhI pramANa aura phalmeM kAraNa-kAryabhAva bana jAtA hai| isalie naiyAyikakA yaha kahanA ki 'eka vastumeM eka sAtha karaNarUpatA aura phalarUpatA nahIM banatI', / 339
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________________ jaina nyAya 340 ThIka nahIM hai / apekSAke bhedase eka vastumeM aneka kAraka bana sakate haiM / jaise, 'vRkSa khar3A hai, vRkSase phala girA, vRkSako dekho' ityAdi vAkyoMmeM eka hI vRkSa kartA, apAdAna, karma Adi kArakoMkA AdhAra hotA hai / isI prakAra eka hI pramANa meM pramANarUpatA aura phalarUpatA bhI bana jAtI hai / ----- naiyAyika -- ajJAnanivRtti jJAnarUpa hI hai ataH yaha apanA hI kArya nahIM ho sakato, aisI sthiti meM ajJAnanivRttiko pramANakA phala kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? jaina- aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki svArthagrahaNa ke vyApAra rUpa upayogako pramANa kahate haiM aura sva tathA arthanizcaya rUpa pariNatikA nAma ajJAnanivRtti hai / ataH ajJAnanivRtti pramANakA phala hai / yadi Apa ajJAnanivRttiko jJAnarUpa hI mAnate haiM to use dharmirUpa mAnate haiM athavA dharmarUpa mAnate haiM ? yadi ajJAnanivRtti dharmirUpa hai to usakA dharma kyA hai ? yadi jJAna usakA dharma hai to ajJAnanivRtti dharmI huI aura jJAna usakA dharma huA / kintu yaha ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki ajJAnanivRti jJAnake Azrita hai / ataH vaha dharmIrUpa nahIM ho sakatI / kyoMki jo parAzrita hotA hai vaha dharmarUpa hI hotA hai / isalie parAzrita honeme ajJAnanivRtti dharmarUpa hI hai / aura jaba vaha dharmarUpa hai to 'ajJAnanivRtti jJAnarUpa hI hai' isa prakAra abheda nahIM ho sakatA, kintu 'jJAnakA dharma ajJAnanivRtti hai' isa prakAra bheda hI ho sakatA hai / kyoMki dharma aura dharmI meM upacArase hI abhedakA kathana kiyA jA sakatA hai / isI prakAra ajJAnanivRtti kAryarUpa hai athavA a-kAryarUpa hai ? yadi vaha kisIkA kArya nahIM hai to sarvatra sarvadA usakI sattA rahanese sabhI sarvadarzI ho jAyeMge / yadi yaha kAryarUpa hai to usakA kAraNa kauna hai-- pramANarUpase mAnA gayA jJAna athavA koI anya ? yadi koI anya usakA kAraNa hai to pramANarUpase mAne gaye jJAnakI utpatti se pahale aura usake bAdameM bhI ajJAnanivRttikI utpattikA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai / isa prasaMgase bacane ke lie yadi pramANase ho ajJAna nivRtiko utpatti mAnate haiM to yaho siddha hotA hai ki ajJAnanivRtti pramANakA phala hai | ataH pramANakA dharma honese ajJAnanivRttirUpa phala pramANase abhinna hai aura hAna, upAdAna Adi phala pramANase bhinna hai / zaMkA- jaise svArthagrAhI jJAna ajJAnanivRttirUpase pariNamana karatA hai vaise hI hAna, upAdAna rUpase bhI pariNamana karatA hai / taba hAna, upAdAna bhinna phala kyoM hai ?
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________________ pramANakA phaLa uttara -- ajJAnanivRtti rUpa phalake utpanna honepara hAna, upAdAnarUpa phalakI utpatti hotI hai| ataH ajJAnanivRttirUpa phalakA vyavadhAna honese hAna, upAdAna rUpa phala prabhAgase bhinna hai / arthAt pramANa aura hAna, upAdAnake bIca meM ajJAnanivRtti A jAtI hai; kyoMki pramANa ke dvArA ajJAnake haTa jAnepara ho vastukA grahaNa athavA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai / kintu ajJAnanivRtti aura pramANake bIcameM vyavadhAna DAlanevAlA koI nahIM hai ataH pramANase ajJAnanivRtti abhinna hai / isa prakAra 'kAraka' hetume pramANa aura phalameM sarvathA bheda siddha nahIM hotA / naiyAyikoMne jo vizeSaNa jJAnako pramANa aura vizeSya jJAnako phala kahA hai vaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki vizeSaNa aura vizeSyakA Alambana eka ho jJAna hai 'sapheda vastra' aura 'daNDI puruSa' yahA~para vizeSaNa aura vizeSya meM jJAna bhedako pratIti nahIM hoto, arthAt eka jJAnase hA vizeSya vastra aura usake vizeSaNa sapheda kI pratIti hotI hai / viSayake bhedase jJAnabheda nahIM hotA, kyoMki pA~coM a~guliyoMke aneka honepara bhI eka jJAnase hI unakI pratIti dekho jAtI hai / tathA vizeSaNajJAna aura vizeSyajJAnakI jo bhinna sAmagrI batalAyI hai vaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki zirSakA nirAkaraNa pahale hI kara diyA gayA hai / aura phira kAryabheda honepara kAraNabhedakI kalpanA karanA ucita hai; kintu yahA~ to kAryabheda hI nahIM hai / ataH yadyapi pramANa aura phala kramabhAvI haiM phira bho unameM kathaMcit abheda mAnanA hI cAhie / 341 C
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________________ pramANAbhAsa jo jJAna pramANa na hote hue bhI pramANa kI taraha pratIta hotA hai use pramANAbhAsa kahate haiN| sAdhAraNa taurapara mithyAjJAnako pramANAbhAsa kahate haiN| kintu koI bhI mithyAjJAna sarvathA apramANa nahIM hotaa| pramANatA aura apramANatAkA kAraNa avisaMvAda aura visaMvAda hai| 'jahA~ jisa rUpameM avisaMvAda hai vahA~ usI rUpameM pramANatA hai| jaise, jisako A~kheM kAMca kAmala Adi doSoM ke kAraNa kharAba ho jAtI hai use AkAzame do candramA dikhAI dete haiN| yaha jJAna candramAkI saMkhyAke viSayameM visaMvAdI hai kintu candramAke viSayame avisaMvAdI hai arthAt candramAke viSaya meM satya hai kintu usakI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM asatya hai| isI taraha sabhI samyagjJAna bhI sarvathA pramANa nahIM hote| jaise, Thoka A~khavAleko bhI kabhIkabhI candramA aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vaha pRthvIke nikaTa hai kintu yaha pratIti satya nahIM hai| ataH jo jJAna jisa viSayame avisaMvAdI hai vaha usa viSayameM pramANa hai aura jisa viSayame visaMvAdI hai usa viSayame apramANa hai| zaMkA-yadi koI bhI mithyAjJAna sarvathA apramANa nahIM hai aura samyagjJAna sarvathA pramANa nahIM hai to loka me jo kucha jJAnoMko pramANa aura ku.chako apramANa hI mAnA jAtA hai, usakI vyavasthA kaise banegI ? uttara- jisa jJAna meM saMvAda ( sacAI ) ko adhikatA hotI hai use lokameM pramANa mAnA jAtA hai aura jisameM visaMvAda ( mithyApana )kI adhikatA hotI hai use loka meM apramANa mAnA hai| vAstavameM pramANa aura apramANa kI vyavasthA bAhya padArthakI apekSAse hai| jo jJAna asadvastuko satrUpase jAnatA hai vaha pramANAbhAsa hai, jaise sIpameM honevAlA cA~dIkA jJAna / aura jo jJAna sAmane vidyamAna vastu ko jaisAkA taisA jAnatA hai vaha pramANa hai jaise sopame honevAlA sIpakA jJAna / ye donoM hI jJAna svarUpakI apekSAse pramANa hI haiM; kyoki sabhI jJAnoMkA jo svasaMvedana hotA hai vaha pramANa hai / Azaya yaha hai ki jJAna svako bhI jAnatA hai aura bAhya padArthako bhI jAnatA 1. 'pratyakSAbhaM kathaJcit syAt pramANaM taimirAdikam / __yadyathaivAvisaMvAdi pramANaM tara thA matam // 22 // - laghIya0 / 2, 'tatprakarSApekSayA vyapadezavyavarathA'--aSTaza0, aSTasa0, pR0 276 /
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________________ pramANAmAsa 343 hai| 'sva'ko apekSA to sabhI jJAna pramANa hote haiN| kyoMki jJAnake astitvakA jo pratyakSa hotA hai ki 'mujhe jJAna huA' usake apramANa honekA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| hA~, bAhya padArthako apekSA koI jJAna pramANa hotA hai aura koI jJAna apramANa hotA hai| .. pramANakI taraha hI 'pramANAbhAsake bhI bheda hote haiN| yathA-pratyakSAbhAsa, parokSAbhAsa, smaraNAbhAsa, pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa, tarkAbhAsa aura anumAnAbhAsa / spaSTajJAnako pratyakSa kahate haiN| ataH aspaSTajJAnako bho pratyakSa kahanA pratyakSAbhAsa hai jaise bauddhoMke dvArA kalpita nirvikalpaka pratyakSa pratyakSAbhAsa hai| spaSTajJAna ko bho parokSa kahanA parokSAbhAsa hai| jaise momAMsaka karaNajJAnako spaSTa hote hue bhI parokSa mAnatA hai| pahale anubhava kiye gaye padArthameM 'vaha' isa rUpase honevAle aspaSTa jJAnako smaraNa kahate haiM / aura umase viparItako smaraNAbhAsa kahate haiN| jaise jinadattakA devadatake rUpameM smaraNa karanA smaraNAbhAsa hai| isI taraha do jur3avA bhAiyoMmeM-se ekako dekhakara dUsarA samajha lenA yA dUsareko dekhakara bho use vaho na mAnakara usIke samAna samajhanA pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa hai| aryAt ekatva meM sAdRzyako pratoti aura sadRzameM ekatvako prata tiko pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa kahate haiM / vyAptike jJAnako tarka kahate haiM aura avinAbhAva niyamakA nAma vyApti hai| ataH jinameM avinAbhAva nahIM hai unameM bhI hone vAlA vyAptijJAna tarkAbhAsa hai / jaise jo devadattakA putra hotA hai vaha kAlA hotA hai| sAdhanase sAdhyake jJAnako anumAna kahate haiN| usase viparota anumAnAbhAsa hotA hai| pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAnnapUrvaka ho anumAnakA prayoga hotA hai ataH anumAnAbhAsako samajhane ke lie pakSAbhAsa, hetvAbhAsa aura dRSTAntAbhAsako samajha lenA Avazyaka hai| sAdhyakA lakSaNa iSTa, abAdhita aura asiddha batalAyA hai ataH aniSTa bAdhita aura siddhako pakSAbhAsa kahate haiN| jaise mImAMsaka zabdako nitya mAnatA hai| vaha yadi ghabarAkara zabdako anitya siddha karane lage to yaha pakSAbhAsa hai| isI taraha zamako zrAvendiyakA viSaya siddha karanA bhI pakSAbhAsa hai; kyoMki yaha bAta to siddha hI hai ki zabda zrotrendriyase sunAI detA hai, isameM kisI ko bho vivAda nahIM hai| jo sAdhya pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama, loka aura svavacanase bAdhita ho vaha bhI pakSAbhAsa hai / 'agni zotala hotI hai, kyoMki dravya hai, jaise jl|' isa anumAnameM agnikA zotalatA sAdhya pratyakSa bAdhita hai; kyoMki pratyakSase 1. pramANAmAsake bhedoMke vivecanake lie prameyakamalamArtaNDa nAmaka granthakA pA~cavA~ pariccheda dekhanA caahie| -le0|
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________________ jaina nyAya agni garama pratIta hotI hai / 'zabda nitya hai kyoMki utpanna hotA hai, jaise ghaTa' isa anumA nameM zabdakA nityatva sAdhya, kyoMki utpanna hotA hai, isa hetuse bAdhita hai kyoMki utpanna hone ke kAraNa ghaTa anitya hotA hai, na ki nitya / yaha anumAna bAdhita hai| 'maranepara dharmase duHkha milatA hai; kyoMki vaha puruSAdhIna hai, jaise adharma / ' kintu AgamameM dharmako sukhadAyaka aura adharmako duHkhadAyaka mAnA hai| ataH ukta anumAnakA pakSa 'maranepara dharmase duHkha milatA hai' Agamase bAdhita hai / 'mRta manuSyako khopar3I zuddha hotI hai; kyoMki prANIkA aMga hai jaise zaMkha vgairh| kintu lokameM prANIkA aMga honepara bhI kucha vastu pavitra aura kucha apavitra mAnI jAtI haiN| jaise gause utpanna honepara bhI dUdhako zuddha mAnA jAtA hai, kintu gomAMsa ko zuddha nahIM mAnA jAtA ataH ukta anumAna meM manuSyakI khopar3Iko zuddha siddha karanA lokabAdhita hai| 'merI mAM bAMjha hai; kyoMki usake garbha nahIM rahatA' yaha svavacana bAdhita hai kyoMki bA~jha strI kisIkI mAM nahIM ho sktii| ye saba pakSAbhAsa haiN| jisakA apane sAdhyake sAtha avinAbhAva nizcita ho use hetu kahate haiN| aura jo usase viparIta ho use hetvAbhAsa kahate haiN| hetvAbhAsake cAra bheda haiMasiddha, viruddha, anaikAntika aura akiMcitkara / jisa hetukI anyathAnupapatti pramANase siddha na ho use asiddha hetvAbhAsa kahate haiM / asiddha hetvAbhAsake do bheda haiM-svarUpAsiddha aura sandigdhAsiddha / zabda pariNAmI hai; kyoMki cakSuke dvArA gRhIta hotA hai' isa anumAnameM 'cakSuke dvArA gRhIta honA' yaha hetu svarUpAsiddha hai; kyoMki zabda cakSukA viSaya nahIM hai / mUr3ha manuSya ke prati 'yahA~ agni hai kyoMki dhUma hai' isa anumAnakA prayoga karanese usake lie 'dhUma' hetu sandigdhAsiddha hai kyoMki mUr3ha manuSya dhUma aura bhApakA bheda nahIM samajhatA, ata: use bhApameM bhI dhUmakA sandeha ho sakatA hai| anya dArzanikoMne asiddha hetvAbhAsake anya bhI aneka bheda kiye haiM, una sabakA antarbhAva inhIM meM ho jAtA hai| apane sAdhyase viruddha ke sAtha jisa hetukA avinAbhAva nizcita hotA hai use viruddha hetvAbhAsa kahate haiM / jaise, 'zabda nitya hai, kyoMki vaha utpanna hotA hai| isa anumAnameM 'utpanna hotA hai' hetukA avinAbhAva apane sAdhya nityatvake virodhI anityatvake sAtha nizcita hai; kyoMki jo utpanna hotA hai vaha pranitya hotA hai| ataH yaha viruddha hetvAbhAsa hai| isa hetvAbhAsake bhI aneka bheda anya dArzanikoMne mAne haiN| jo hetu vipakSameM bhI rahatA ho use anekAntika hetvAbhAsa kahate haiN| isake do bheda haiM eka vipakSameM nizcita vRtti aura eka zaMkita vRtti / jo hetu
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________________ dRSTAntAmAsa 345 vipakSameM nizcita rUpase rahatA ho use nizcitavRtti anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa kahate haiN| jaise 'zabda anitya hai, kyoMki prameya hai|' yaha 'prameya' hetu AkAzameM bhI rahatA hai; kyoMki AkAza bhI prameya hai| kintu AkAza nitya hai| ataH yaha anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa hai / jisa hetukA vipakSameM rahanA zaMkita ho use sandigdhavRtti anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa kahate haiN| jaise mahAvIra sarvajJa nahIM the, kyoMki ve vaktA the| isa anumAnameM 'vaktRtva' hetuke dvArA mahAvIra bhagavAnke sarvajJa honekA niSedha kiyA hai, kintu vaktRtvakA aura sarvajJatvakA koI virodha nahIM hai, jo vaktA ho vaha sarvajJa bhI ho sakatA hai / ataH yaha hetu bhI anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa hai / isa hetvAbhAsake bhI aneka bheda batalAye haiN| jisa hetukA sAdhya kisI dUsare pramANase nirNIta hai, athavA pratyakSa vagairahase bAdhita hai usako akiMcitkara hetvAbhAsa kahate haiM / kyoMki vaha hetu vyartha hotA hai / jaise, 'agni zItala hai kyoMki dravya hai' isa anumAnameM agnikA zItalapanA sAdhya pratyakSase bAdhita hai ataH dravyatva hetu vyartha honese akiMcitkara hetvAbhAsa hai / dRSTAntAbhAsa anvayadRSTAnta aura vyatirekadRSTAntake bhedase dRSTAntake do bheda haiM / ataH dRSTAntAbhAsake bhI do bheda haiM-anvayadRSTAntAbhAsa aura vyatirekadRSTAntAbhAsa / zabda apauruSeya hai, amUrta honese, jaise indriyasukha / yahA~ indriyasukha dRSTAntameM amUrtatvarUpa hetu to pAyA jAtA hai kintu sAdhya apauruSeyatva nahIM pAyA jAtA; kyoMki indriyasukha pauruSeya hai| zabda apauruSeya hai amUrta honese, jaise paramANu, yahA~ dRSTAnta paramANu meM sAdhya apauruSeyatva to pAyA jAtA hai kintu sAdhana amartatva nahIM pAyA jAtA; kyoMki paramANu mUrtika hai / zabda apauruSeya hai amUrta honese jaise ghaTa / yahA~ ghaTa dRSTAntameM na to sAdhya apauruSeyatva hI rahatA hai aura na sAdhana amUrtatva hI rahatA hai kyoMki ghaTa mUrta aura pauruSeya hotA hai| ye saba anvayadRSTAntAbhAsa haiN| zabda apauruSeya hai amUrta honese / jo apauruSeya nahIM hotA vaha amatika nahIM hotA jaise paramANu, indriyasukha aura AkAza / yahA~ paramANu dRSTAntameM amUrtatva to nahIM hai kintu apauruSeyatva hai| indriyasukhameM apauruSeyatva nahIM hai kintu mUrtatva hai| AkAzameM 'apauruSeyatva aura amUrtatva' donoM pAye jAnese donoMko vyAvRtti nahIM hai / ataH ye saba vyatirekadRSTAntAbhAsa haiM /
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________________
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________________ pariziSTa 1 . jainanyAya viSayaka sAhitya grantha pravacanasAra prakAzana sthAna rAyacanda jaina zAstramAlA bambaI di0 jaina svAdhyAya mandira sonagar3ha aneka sthAnoMse prakAzita granthakAra AcArya kundakunda (vi0 2rI zatI) guddhapicchAcArya tattvArthasUtra (vi0 3rI zatI) umAsvAti tattvArthAdhigamabhASya (vi0 3rI zato ) samantabhadra AptamImAMsA (vi0 4-5vIM zatI) yuktyanuzAsana rAyacanda jaina zAstramAlA bambaI sanAtana jaina granthamAlA kAzI mANikacanda jaina granthamAlA bambaI vIra sevA mandira dillI bRhatsvayaMbhUstotra jIvasiddhi siddhasena (vi0 5vIM zatI) sanmatitarka nyAyAvatAra jalpanirNaya zrIdatta ( vi0 6vIM zatI) pAtrakesarI (vi0 6vIM zatI ) vAdirAjake pArzvanAthacaritameM ullikhita jJAnodaya TrasTa ahamadAbAda rAyacanda zAstramAlA bambaI vidyAnandake tattvArthazlokavAtikameM ullikhita siddhivinizcayaTIkAmeM ullikhita nyAyavinizcayavivaraNameM ullikhita malliSeNaprazastimeM ullikhita vAdirAjake pArzvanAthacaritameM ullikhita malliSeNaprazastimeM nidiSTa trilakSaNakadarthana sanmatitakaTIkA sumati (vi0 6-7vIM zatI) sumatisaptaka
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________________ 348 akalaMka deva ( vi0 7vIM zatI) haribhadra (vi0 8vIM zatI) kumAranandi ( vi0 8vIM zatI) anantavIrya (vRddha) ( vi0 8- 9 vIM zatI ) anantavIrya ( vi0 9vIM zatI ) vidyAnanda ( vi0 9vIM zatI ) VeghIyastraya siMghI jaina granthamAlA ( svopajJa vRttisahita ) akalaMka granthatrayake antargata nyAyavinizcaya L jaina nyAya pramANasaMgraha siddhivinizcaya ( svopajJavRttisahita ) tatvArthavArtika aSTazatI anekAntajayapatAkA anekAntavAdapraveza SaDdarzanasamuccaya (AptamImAMsAko vRtti ) aSTasahastro ke antargata zAstravArtAsamuccaya nyAyapravezaTIkA vAdanyAya siddhivinizcayaTIkA siddhivinizcayaTIkA aSTamahasrI tatvArthazlokavArtika vidyAnandamahodaya nuzAsanakA AptaparIkSA bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANasI pramANaparIkSA patraparIkSA satyazAsanaparIkSA 99 "7 gAndhI nAthAraMga jaina granthamAlA gAyakavAr3a sirIja bar3audA AtmAnanda sabhA bhAvanagara devacanda lAlabhAI sUrata gAyakavAr3a sirIja bar3odA vidyAnanda dvArA pramANaparIkSA meM ullikhita ravibhadrapAdopajIvi anantavIrya-dvArA siddhivinizcayaTIkA meM ullikhita bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI gAndhI nAthAraMga granthamAlA "" tattvArthazlokavArtika meM nirdiSTa mANikacanda jaina granthamAlA bambaI vIra sevA mandira dehalI sanAtana jaina granthamAlA kAzI " " 39 19 "" bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANasI
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________________ pariziSTa 1 anantakoti jIvasiddhi TIkA vAdirAjake pArzvanAthacaritameM (vi. 10vIM zatI) ullikhita bRhatsarvajJasiddhi mANikacanda jaina granthamAlA kAzI laghusarvajJasiddhi vasunandi AptamImAMsAvRtti sanAtana jaina granyamAlA kAzI (vi0 11-12vIM zatI) siddharSi nyAyAvatAravRtti rAyacanda zAstramAlA bambaI (vi0 10vIM zatI) mANikyanandi parIkSAmukha jaina siddhAnta prakAzinI saMstha' ( vi0 11vIM zato) kalakattA gAndhI nAthAraMgajI AkalUja jAdirAja sUri nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI (vi0 11vIM zatI) pramANanirNaya mANikacanda jaina granthamAlA bambaI vAdIsiMha sthAdvAdasiddhi (vi0 11voM zato) navapadArthanizcaya mUDabidrI bhaNDAra abhayadeva sUri sanmatiTokA gujarAta vidyApITha ahamadAbAda ( vi0 11vIM zatI) prabhAcanda prameyakamalamArtaNDa nirNayasAgara presa bambaI (vi0 11-12vIM za0) nyAyakumudacandra mANikacanda jaina granthamAlA bambaI anantavIrya prameyaratnamAlA caukhambA saMskRta sIrIz2a vArANasI (vi0 12vIM zatI) zAntisUri nyAyAvatAravAtika siMghI jaina granthamAlA bambaI (vi0 11vIM zatI) savRtti vAdideva sUri pramANanayatattvAlokA- Aheta prabhAkara kAryAlaya pUnA (vi0 12vIM zatI) laMkAra syAdvAdaratnAkara pramANamImAMsA siMghI jaina granthamAlA bambaI (vi0 12vIM zatI) anyayogavyavaccheda dvAtriMzatikA
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________________ jaina nyAya bhAvasena vidya . vizvatattvaprakAza jIvarAMja jaina granthamAlA zolApura (vi0 12-13vIM zatI) laghu samantabhadra aSTasahasroTippaNa aSTasahasrIke sAtha prakAzita (13vIM zatI) AizAdhara prameyaratnAkara AzAdharaprazastimeM ullikhita , (vi0 13vIM zatI) zAntiSeNa prameyaratnasAra jaina siddhAntabhavana ArA (vi0 13vIM zatI) (aprakAzita) marendrasena pramANaprameyakalikA mANikacanda jaina granthamAlA, kAzI / / vimaladAsa saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI rAyacanda jaina zAstramAlA bambaI dharmabhUSaNa nyAyadIpikA vIra sevA mandira dillI ( vi0 15vIM zatI) ajitasena nyAyamaNidIpikA jaina siddhAnta bhavana ArA ( aprakAzita) zAntivarNI prameyakaNThikA cArukIti paNDitAcArya prameyaratnAlaMkAra nemicandra pravacanaparIkSA maNikaNTha nyAyaratna zubhaprakAza nyAyamakarandavivecana abhayacandra sUri laghIyastrayatAtparyavRtti mANikacanda jaina granthamAlA bambaI ratnaprabha sUri syAdvAdaratnAkarAva. prakAzita (vi0 13vIM zatI) tArikA malliSeNa syAdvAdamaMjaro rAyacanda jaina zAstramAlA bambaI (vi0 14vIM zatI) yazovijaya aSTasahasrIvivaraNa prakAzita (18vIM zatI) anekAntavyavasthA jJAnavindu siMghI jaina granthamAlA bambaI jaina tarkabhASA
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________________ pariziSTa 1 351 prakAzita zAstravArtAsamuccayaTIkA nyAyakhaNDakhAdya anekAntapraveza ... nyAyAloka gurutattvavinizcaya " inake sivAya bhI jainamaTha mUDabidrI Adike bhaNDAroMmeM kucha prakaraNa grantha vartamAna haiM jo abhI aprakAzita haiN|
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________________ pariziSTa 2 jaina nyAyameM nirdiSTa granthoM aura granthakAroMkI anukramaNikA akalaMka 9,17,19,21-51,66, kamalazIla 42,66,151 112.113,132,144,145,146, kundakunda 6,7,8,18,25,110, 153,154,155,157,158,193, 131,132,318,321, 212,278,279,280,281,286, kumAranandi 35,36, 291,295,297,299,318,320, kumArasena 36 . 321,322,323,326,330,331, kumArila bhaTTa 6,9,12,20,26,27, 334, 37,40,41,42,111, 146,165, akSapAda 2, 22,41, 168, anantakoti 38, anantavIrya 23,37,38,43 113, kauTilya 1 abhayacandra 146 go0 jIvakANDa 160, 290, abhayadeva 42,144,151, 152, -TokA 157,279, 321,322, gotama 29 amRtacandra 321, ciraviTskI 3 aSTazatI 33,35,36,48,326,330 jayadhavalATIkA 146,149,150 aSTasahasrI 35,36,37,43,170 / jayanta 40,46 asaMga 3 jayasena 321, 322, AptaparIkSA 37, jalpanirNaya 22, 25,33, AptamImAMsA 9,10,21, 35,165 / / jinabhadragaNi 134,143,146,154, 297,298,318,320,326 282, udyotakara 26,27,29,34,37,40, jinasena 22, jainatarkabhASA 43,144, umAsvAti 8 jainendra vyAkaraNa 316 ekIbhAvastotra 41 jaiminisUtra 34 kaNAdasUtra 40 jJAnavindu 144, kandalI 41 tattvasaMgraha 23,24,25,38,40,42,
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________________ pariziSTa 2 tatvasaMgrahapaMjikA 42,66,151, nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa 41,193 tattvArthavArtika 17,19,21,22,34 nyAyapraveza 25.39, 37, 51, 66, 134,145, 150, nyAyasUtra 3,29,34,40 154,158,278,291,302,318, nyAyAvatAra 19,20,24,25,28,29, 320,323,334, 33,45,46,296,297, tattvArthazlokavArtika 19,21,30,31, paJcAstikAya 318,321, 35, 37, 52, 132, 150, 168, patraparIkSA 36,17, 280,318,320,325, . parIkSAmukha 38,39,42,43,48,49 tattvArthasUtra 28,31,37,110,112, 52,209,126 154,158, pAtaMjalamahAbhASya 34, tattvArthasUtrakAra 282, pANininyAkaraNa 315, tattvArthAdhigamabhASya 318, pAtrakesarI 22, 23, 24, 32, 33, taittirIyopaniSad 276, 215, trilakSaNakadarthana 23,24,25,215, pArzvanAthacarita 25, dignAga 3,5,23,25,26,27,34,39, prajJAkaragupta 40 pramANanaya tattvAloka 39,42,144 dharmakIrti 3,5,20,25,26,27,34, pramANanirNaya 41,42,193, 36,39,41,88,111, pUjyapAdadevanandi29,132,133,144, dhavalA TokA 133,134,146,164 145,282296,297, nayacakra 25 pramANaparIkSA 30,35,36,279, nayopadeza 318 pramANamImAMsA 39,43,53,144, nAgArjuna 3 pramANamImAMsAbhASATippaNa 20,154, niyamasAra 7,18, pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra 318, nizcayadvAtriMzikA 283, pramANavArtika 20,25,32,41,88, nyAyakumudacandra 38,39,42,67, pramANasamuccaya 25, nyAyabindu 20,21,25,39, pramANavArtikAlaMkAra 40,41 nyAyabhASya 1,40 pramANasaMgraha 30,33, nyAyamaMjarI 40,41 prameyakamalamArtaNDa 37,38,39,42, nyAyavArtika 27,34,37,40 43,66,318 nyAyavinizcaya 9,23, 26, 33, 35, prameyaratnamAlA 43 39,40,42 prabhAkara 40,41,46,51,61,73, 45
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________________ jaina nyAya prabhAcandra 37,38,39,40,41,42, vasubandhu 3,5,23,111 43,47,49,50,52,67,321, vAkyapadIya 27,34, pravacanasAra 7,110,318,321, vAtsyAyana 1,40,46,111, prazastapAda 40,111, vAdanyAya 35,36, prazastapAdabhASya 40 vAdirAja 23,25,38,41,42,193, bAdarAyaNa 5, vAdidevasUri 39,42,144,154, bRhatI 40, becaradAsa 42, vidyAnanda 19,21,30,31,35,36, bauddhanyAya 3 38,40,43,45,47,52,67,113, bhaTTAkalaMka 34, 133,150,154,170,280,281, bhartRhari 26,27,30, 286,295,320,322,323,325, bhAsarvajJa 41, 326,327, vidyAnanda mahodaya 37, maNDana 41, vizeSAvazyakabhASya 134,143,282, manusmRti 1 malayagiri 143, 283,318, mallavAdI 25, vorasena 134, malliSeNa 322, vRhadravyasaMgraha 146,147 vRhatsarvajJasiddhi 38, malliSeNa prazasti 25, 41, mahApurANa 22, vaizeSikasUtra 34 mANikyanandi 38,39, 42,43,45, vyomavatI 40,41, 47,48,49,52,125, vyomaziva 40,41, mImAMsAzlokavArtika 6,27,37,38, 3 zaMkarAcArya 6 40, 42, 165, zavara 111 yazovijaya 43,144,152,153, * zAntarakSita 5,23,24,25,40, 42, yuktayanuzAsana 10,13,14,37, zAbarabhASya 9,27,40,165, yuktyanuzAsanaTIkA 325, zrIdatta 21,22,33, yogasUtra 35 satyazAsanaparIkSA 37, ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra 21, sanmatiTIkA 24,144, laghIyastraya 30,35,38,39,154, sanmatitarka 17,19,35,42,150, 280,299,320,323,331, 151,153, 320,330, laghIyastrayatAtparyavRtti 146, santAnAntarasiddhi 35, laghusarvajJasiddhi 38 samantabhadrasvAmI4,6,8,9,10,17,21,
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________________ pariziSTa 2 25,35,37,45,111,165,282, siddhivinizcaya TIkA 38 295,296,297,298,316,320, sukhalAla 20,26,42, 324,325,326,327,330, sumati 25,151 sarvArthasiddhi 134,144,150,160, sumatisaptaka 25 297, somadeva 1 sAMkhyakArikA 35 syAdvAdaratnAkara 24,42,43 saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI 318,321, syAdvAdamaMjarI 318 siMhasUri 25, svayaMbhUstotra 10,14,17,316 siddhasena 8,17,18,19,20,22,25, SaTkhaNDAgama 133,160, 42,45, 111, 150,151, 152, haribhadra 25 153,282,297,320 / hemacandra 39,43,53,144, siddhivinizcaya 23,24,30,33,37 154,155
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________________ pariziSTa 3 pAribhASika zabdAnukramaNI aparasaMgrahanaya 333, aMgapraviSTa 294 apoha 245,247, akSarAtmaka(zrutajJAna) 29,278,290 apratipAti (avadhijJAna) 161 akhyAti abAdhitaviSaya 215 agamikazruta 294 abhAvapramANa 119,262, acakSudarzana 151 ayogavyavaccheda 300 aNimA 189 ardhajaratInyAya 152 atIndriyajJAna 165 arthanaya 331 atyantAyogavyavaccheda 300 arthaparyAyanaigama 332 anaMgapraviSTa 294, arthaparyAyanaigamAbhAsa 332, anakSarAtmaka (-zrutajJAna) 29,278, arthavyaMjanaparyAya naigama 332 290,291,293, arthavyaMjanaparyAya naigamAbhAsa 332 ananugAmI (avadhijJAna) 161 arthAdhyavasAya 246, anavasthita (avadhijJAna) 161 arthApatti 116,225 anirvacanIyArthakhyAti 82, arthApatti (ke bheda)116,117,225, anugAmI (avadhijJAna) 161, arthAvagraha 132,133, anupalambha 209, alaukikArthakhyAti 83 anumAna 212, avagraha 132,145, anumAna (ke avayava) 229 avadhijJAna 151,160 anumAna (ke bheda) 232, avadhijJAna (ke bheda) 161, anekAnta 296,299,326,327, 329,331 avadhidarzana 151 anyathAnupapatti 207,212,214,215 avasthita (avadhijJAna) 162, anyayogavyavaccheda 300 avAyajJAna 154 anyApoha 245,246, avinAbhAva 207,215, anyonyAzrayadoSa 226,257,266, avinAbhAva (ke bheda) 216, azuddhadravyanaMgamanaya 333 295,
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________________ azuddhadravyanaMgamAbhAsa 333 azuddhadravyArtha paryAyanaigama 333 azuddhadravyavyaJjana paryAya naigama 333 asaMjJizruta 293 asatkhyAti 79 asatpratipakSa 215 zrA AtmakhyAtivAda 81, i indriya (ke bheda ) 112 I Izvara IhAjJAna 153, IzitA 189 188, 189, u uttaracara hetu 217, uttaracarAnupalabdhi 217, udAharaNa 229, upanaya 229, upamAnapramANa 202, 205, upayoga (indriya) 122, upalambha 209, Uh 207, pariziSTa 3. Rjumati ( mana:paryayajJAna) 162,163, RjusUtranaya 334, 336, RjusUtranayAbhAsa 334, e ekatva pratyabhijJAna 197 ekAnta 327, 329, 330, ekAnta (ke bheda ) 326 evaMbhUtanaya 336, kalpanA 64, kalpanApoDha 34 kArakasAkalya 59, kAraNahetu 217, kAraNAnupalabdhi 217 217 kAryahetu kAryAnupalabdhi 217 kevalajJAna 27,164,295, kramabhAvaniyama 216 kSetrabhavAnugAmI ( avadhijJAna) 161 kSetrAnugAmI ( avadhijJAna) 161 ga gamikazruta 294, guNa 5 guNapratyaya ( avadhijJAna) 160 gauNa 14, kSudarzana caturaMgavAda 33 citrajJAna 198, cintA (jJAna ) 207, jalpa jJapti ca 151 jJAtRvyApAra 61 ST 33, 107 ta tathopapatti (avinAbhAva) 207, tarka (pramANa) 207, 209, rUpya 213, 357
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________________ 358 jaina nyAya paramAvadhi (ke bheda) 161, dakSiNAbandha 189 parasaMgraha 333 darzana 145,147,152, parasaMgrahAbhAsa 333 durnaya 13,321,330, parasparaparihArasthiti virodha 308 dezAvadhi (jJAna) 160, parArthapramANa 296,297, dravya 5 parArthAnumAna 232, dravyanaigamanaya 333 parokSa 7,27,132,193, dravyavAk 281, parokSa (ke bheda) 32,112,193, dravyazruta 286,293, paryAya 5 dravyAthikanaya 5, 309, 314, 317, paryAya zratajJAna 292 329,330,331, paryAyAthikanaya 5,309,314, dravyendriya 122,135, 317,330, paryAyanaigamanaya 332, dhAraNA (jJAna) 154, pUrvacarahetu 217, dhArAvAhikajJAna 50, pUrvacarAnupalabdhi 217, pratipAti (avadhijJAna) 161 naya 13,298,319,327,328,329, pratijJA 229, 330,331, pratyakSa 7, 27,132, nayavAkya 320,321,322,325, pratyakSAbhAsa 196 nayasaptabhaMgI 320,321 pratyabhijJAna 196,204,207, nigamana 229, pradhvaMsAbhAva 121, nigrahasthAna 33,230, pratItyasamutpAdavAda 34 nirvikalpaka (jJAna) 64,65, pramANa 27,45,46,47,319,328, naigamanaya 331,332,334,336, 329,330, naigamanaya (ke bheda) 332, pramANa (ke bheda) 113 negamAbhAsa 331,333, pramANavAkya 319,321,322,325, nyAya 2 pramANasaMplava 47, pramANasaptabhaMgI 320,321, pakSa 213 prasiddhArthakhyAtivAda 81 pararUpAdicatuSTaya 307, prAkAmya 189, paramAvadhi (jJAna) 160 prAkRtabandha 188,
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________________ pariziSTa 3 359 prAgabhAva 121, prApti 189, prAmANya 102, bAdhitaviSaya (hetvAbhAsa) 215, bha bhavapratyaya (avadhijJAna) 160 bhavAnugAmI (avadhijJAna) 161 bhAvavAk 281, bhAvendriya 122,135, bhAvazruta 285,293, vardhamAna (avadhijJAna) 161 vadhyaghAtakavirodha 308, vazitA 182 vikalapratyakSa 27 vikalAdeza 320,322,323, vikalpavAsanA 70,71, vitaNDA 33 vipakSa 213, viparyayajJAna 73,128, vipulamati (manaHparyayajJAna) 163,164 vivekAkhyAti 73, vaikArikabandha 188, vaikharI (vAk) 281, vaisAdRzya pratyabhijJAna 197, vyaMjanAkSara 287,293, vyaMjanAvagraha 132,133,135, vyadhikaraNAsiddha 262, vyaMjanaparyAya 333 vyaMjanaparyAyanagama 332 vyaMjanaparyAyanagamAbhAsa 332, vyApti 207,210, vyApyahetu 217, vyavahAranaya 334,336, vyavahArAbhAsa 334, matijJAna 27,28,132,151, matijJAna (ke bheda) 155, madhyamA (vAk) 281, manaHparyayajJAna 151,162, mahimA 189, mithyA anekAnta 17,327, mithyA ekAnta 17,326, mithyAzruta 293, mukhya 14 mukhyapratyakSa 28,132, ya yatrakAmAvasAyitA 189, laghimA 189, landhi (indriya) 122 labdhyakSara (kuzrutajJAna) 281,282, 287,291,292,293, liMgaja (-zrutajJAna) 278,290, zabdaja (-zrutajJAna) 278,290,291, zabdanaya 331,335,336, zuddhadravya naigamanaya 332, zuddhadravya naigamAbhAsa 332, zuddhadravyArthaparyAyanaigama 333 zuddhadravyavyaJjanaparyAyanaigamanaya 333
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________________ jaina nyAya zrutajJAna 27,132,151,233,277 / / sahacarAnupalabdhi 217,132, 278,280,283,284, sahabhAvaniyama 216, sahAnavasthAna virodha 308 saMgrahanaya 333,336, sAMvyavahArikapratyakSa 28,30,112, saMzayajJAna 71,128,153 sonyavahArikapratyakSa (ke bheda) 132 saMjJAkSara 287,293, sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna 197, saMjJIzruta 293 sAdhana 212, sakalapratyakSa 27,164, sAdhya 224, sakalAdeza 320,322,323, sunaya sata 11 sphoTa 268, satpratipakSa 215 smRtipramoSa 77, sannikarSa 54 syAdvAda 13,16,283,295,296, sapakSa 213, 298,299,320,325 saptabhaMgI 302 svarUpAdi catuSTaya 307 samabhirUr3hanaya 335,336, svalakSaNa (artha) 64,244, samyak anekAnta 17,327 svasaMvedana 95 samyaka ekAnta 17,326, svArthapramANa 296,297, samyakazruta 293 svArthAnumAna 232, sarvAvadhi (jJAna) 160,161, sarvodayatIrtha 14, hIyamAna (avadhijJAna) 161 savikalpaka (jJAna) 64,65, hetu 212, 229, sahacarahetu 217, hetu (ke bheda) 217,
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________________ pariziSTa 4 viSayAnukrama akalaMka 26 artha jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM 125 akalaMkadevake uttarakAlIna jaina naiyA. arthApattikA anumAnameM antarbhAva 226 yika 35 arthApatti pramANake sambandhameM mImAMsakaakalaMkadevake dvArA pramANaviSayaka kA mata 224 / / gutthiyoMkA sulajhAva 112 arthAvagraha 132 akalaMkadevake pUrva jaina nyAyako sthiti 6 alaukikArthakhyAti 83 akhyAtivAda 79 avagraha aura darzana 144 anantakIrti 38 avagrahake sambandhameM dhavalAkA mata 133 anantavIrya 37 avagrahake sambandhameM zvetAmbara mA. anirvacanIyArthakhyAti 82 nyatA 134 anisRtajJAna aura anumAnAdi 157 / avadhijJAna 160 anumAnake avayava 229 avadhijJAnake bhedoMkA vivecana 161 anumAnake avayavoMke viSayameM bauddha avinAbhAvake bheda 216 mata 229 asakhyAtivAda 79 anumAnapramANa 212 Agama yA zrutapramANa 232 anumAnake bheda 232 AsmakhyAtivAda 81 anumAnameM arthApattikA antarbhAva 118 IhA AdikA svarUpa 153 anekAntameM saptabhaMgI 326 indriyake bheda 123 anyathAnupapatti yA avinAbhAva niyama indriyoMke AhaMkArikatvako samIkSA 124 ho hetukA samyak lakSaNa 216 indriyake sambandha meM naiyAyikakA mata 123 anyApohavAdakI samIkSA 243 indriyavRtti samIkSA 60 apabhraMza prAkRta Adike zabda bhI arthake IzvaravAda samIkSA 177 vAcaka 273 'aparva pada'ke sambandhameM jaina naiyAyikoMmeM upamAna pramANake sambandhameM naiyAyikakA matabheda 47 mata 204 . abhayadeva 42 . upamAnapramANake sambandhameM mImAMsakakA abhAvapramANakA antarbhAva 119 mata 201
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________________ 362 jaina nyAya upamAnapramANakA sAdRzya pratyabhi. matabheda 53 jJAnameM antarbhAva 205 nayake bheda 330 umAsvAmi 8 nayavAda 327 Rjumati manaHparyayakA vivecana 163 nayasaptabhaMgI 319 RjusUtranaya 334 nirvikalpaka jJAnasamIkSA 64 evakArake prayogakA vicAra 324 naigamanaya 331 evaMbhUtanaya 336 naiyAyikasammata pramANabheda 116 kundakunda AcArya 6 nyAyazAstra 1 kumArasena aura kumAranandi 35 parokSajJAnavAda samIkSA 91 kArakasAkalyakI samIkSA 59 parokSapramANakA lakSaNa aura bheda 193 cakSuke prApyakAritvakI samIkSA 56 pAtrakesarI 22 cArvAkake eka pramANavAdako samIkSA114 prakAza jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM 130 jaina nyAya 4 pratyakSase vyAptikA grahaNa mAnanevAle jainasammata pramANalakSaNa 4 yogoMkI samIkSA 209 jJAtRvyApAravAda samIkSA 61 pratyabhijJAna pramANakA bauddhoM dvArA nirajJAnake acetanatvakI samIkSA 99 sana, jainoM dvArA samarthana 197 jJAna svasaMvedI hai 91 . pramANa aura nayameM bheda 328 jJAnAntaravedya jJAnavAda samIkSA 95 pramANacarcA dArzanika yugakI dena 110 tarkapramANa 207 pramANakA phala 337 tarkapramANakA jainoM dvArA samarthana 209 pramANa-phalameM sarvathA bhedavAdI naiyAyikoMtarkake dvArA vyAptigrahaNakA samarthana kI samIkSA 338 pramANalakSaNakA vivecana 46 darzanake svarUpakI digambaramAnyatA pramANasaptabhaMgI 319 pramANAbhAsa 342 darzanake sambandhameM siddhasena kA mata 150 pramANAbhAsake bheda 343 darzanAntara sammata pramANa lakSaNa 53 pramANAbhAsakA svarUpa 342 dArzanika yugase pahale jJAnake pAMca bheda prasiddhArthakhyAti 81 dRSTAntAbhAsa 345 prAmANyavAda samokSA 102 dharmakIrti ke pramANalakSaNameM abhrAntapada. bahabahavidhajJAnakA samarthana 159 . para prakAza 66 boddhasammata do pramANoMkI samIkSA 155 dhArAvAhI jJAnoMke prAmANyako lekara matijJAnake 336 bheda 155 0 200 prabhAcandra /
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________________ viSayAnukrama 163 282 matijJAna yA sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa 131 zrutake akSarAtmaka-anakSarAtmaka bhedoM. manaHparyayajJAna 162 kA vivecana 287 manaHparyayake bheda 162 zrutake bhedoMkA vivecana 278 manaHparyayake sambandhameM zvetAmbara mAnyatA zrutajJAnake viSayameM akalaMkadevakA mata 287 mallavAdI aura sumati 25 zrutajJAnake viSaya meM vidyAnandako samIkSA mANikyanandi 38 280 mithyAjJAnake tIna bheda 73 zrutajJAnake sambandhameM zvetAmbaramAnyatA mImAMsakasammata pramANabheda 116 yazovijaya 43 zrutajJAnake zvetAmbarasammata bheda 292 yogyatAvicAra 54 sagrahanaya 333 vAdidevasUri 42 vAdirAja 41 saMskRta zabdoMko hI arthakA vAcaka vidyAnanda 36 mAnanevAle mImAMsakoMkI samIkSA 271 viparItArthakhyAti 84 sakalapratyakSa 164 viparyayajJAnake sambandhameM bhAratIya dArza. sannikarSavAda 53 nikoMke matabhedoMkI samIkSA 73 sannikarSakI samIkSA 54 vipulamati manaHparyaya 163 saptabhaMgI 301 vivekAkhyAti 73 saptabhaMgIkA upayoga 325 vedake apauruSeyatvako samIkSA 262 saptabhaMgoke prathama dvitIya bhaMgakA vyaJjanAvagraha 132 vivecana 302 vyavahAranaya 334 saptabhaMgoke tRtIya bhaMgakA vivecana 314 zabdake nityatvakI samIkSA 254 saptabhaMgoke caturtha, paMcama aura SaSTha zabdako pramANa na mAnanevAle bauddhoMko bhaMgakA vivecana 317 samIkSA 236 saptabhaMgoke sAtaveM bhaMgakA vivecana 318 zabdapramANako anumAnase bhinna na samabhirUDhanaya 335 mAnanevAle vaizeSikoMko samIkSA 233 sarvajJatvasamokSA 165 zabdanaya 335 sarvajJatAke virodhameM kumArilakA pakSa zabdArthake viSayameM momAMsakakI samIkSA 165 249 sarvajJatAke samarthana meM vidyAnandakI yuktiyA~ zrIdatta 21 168 zrutake do upayoga 297 sarvajJatAke sambandhameM zaMkA-samAdhAna 176
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________________ 3.64 sAkAra jJAnavAda samIkSA 86 sAta hI bhaMga kyoM ? 304 sAta bhaMgoM meM kramabheda 318 jaina nyAya sAdhyakA svarUpa 224 smaraNa athavA smRti 193 smRtiko pramANa na mAnanevAle bauddhoMkI samIkSA 193 syAdvAda aura anekAnta 296 syAdvAda aura kevalajJAna meM antara 295 syAdvAdakA svarUpa 298 syAdvAda ke binA anekAntakA prakAzana nahIM 299 syAt aura evakArakA prayoga 300 svAmI samantabhadra aura siddhasena ma sphoTavAdI vaiyAkaraNoMkI samIkSA 267 hetuke bheda 217 hetuke naiyAyikasamamta pAMcabheda aura unakI samIkSA 222 hetuke bhedoMke viSaya meM boddhamata 218 hetu rUpyalakSaNakI samIkSA 212 hetu pAJcarUpyalakSaNakI samIkSA 215 hetu sAMkhyasammata bhedoMkI samIkSA 223 hemacandra 43
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________________ sahAyaka grantha tathA grantha saMketa sUcI aSTa za0 aSTa sa0 aSTazatI-aSTasahasrIke antargata nirNaya sAgara bambaI A0 mI.) AptamImAMsA jaina siddhAnta prakAzinI AptamI, saMsthA kalakattA kau0 artha kauTilya arthazAstra go0 jI0 TI0 gommaTa sAra jIvakANDa TokA jaina siddhAnta prakAzinI __ saMsthA kalakattA ja0 dha0 jayadhavalA TIkA (kasAya pAhuDa) bhA0 di. jaina saMgha, caurAsI, mathurA jaina tarka jaina tarkabhASA siMdhI jaina sirIja kalakattA jaina zi0 saM0 jaina zilA lekha saMgraha mANikacandra granthamAlA bambaI tantra vA0 tantravArtika AnandAzrama sirIja pUnA tattva saM0 tattvasaMgraha gAyakavAr3a sirIja bar3odA tattvA0 vA.) tattvArtha ta0 rA0vA.) tattvArthavArtika bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANasI ta0 zlokavArtika ) tattvArtha zloka vArtika nirNayasAgara bambaI tattvArthazlo0 ta0 sU0 tattvArthasUtra nI0 vA0 nItivAkyAmRta mANikacandra granthamAlA bambaI nyA0 ku0 ca. nyAyakumudacandra nyAyabhA. nyAyabhASya caukhambA sirIja kAzI nyAyamaM0 nyAyamaMjarI vijayanagara sirIja kAzI nyAya vA0 nyAyavArtika cokhambA sirIja kAzI cyA0 vA0 tA0 TI0 nyAyavArtika tAtparya TIkA , nyAya bi0 nyAbindu nyAya vi0 nyAyavinizcaya nyAya vi0vi0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANasI nyAya vinizcaya vivaraNa nyAyA. nyAyAvatAra rAyacanda jainazAstramAlA bambaI .
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________________ 366 jaina nyAya nyAyasUtra parIkSAmukha caukhambA sirIja kAzI caukhambA vidyA bhavana vArANasI nirNaya sAgara presa bambaI nyAyasU0 parI. parIkSAmu0 pAta. mahA0 prakaraNamaM0 pra0pa0 pramANapa0 prameya ka0 pra0 ka0 ma0 pramA0 mI0 pramANa vA0 pAtaJjala mahAbhASya prakaraNamaMjarI pramANaparIkSA jaina siddhAnta prakAzinI saMsthA kalakattA nirNaya sAgara presa bambaI. / prameyakamalamArtaNDa ... pramANamomAMsA pramANavArtika siMghI jaina sirIja kalakattA vihAra ur3IsA risarca sosAyaTI paTanA jAyasavAla inTITayUTa paTanA kitAba mahala ilAhAbAda pramANa vA0 alaM0 pramANavAtikAlaGkAra pramANa vA0 TI0 pramANavArtika TIkA pramANa vA0 svavR0 pramANa vArtika svopajJavRtti pramANa ni0 pramANanirNaya mANikacanda granthamAlA pramANasa0 pramANasamuccaya maisUra yUnivarsiTI sirIja pravaca0 pravacanasAra rAyacanda zAstramAlA bambaI praza0 bhA0 . prazastapAda bhASya vijayAnagaram sirIja kAzI prazasta0 kandalo prazastapAdabhASya praza0 vyoma prazastapAdabhASya vyomavato TokA caukhambA sirIja kAzI bRha0 TI0 bRhatITIkA madrAsa yUnivarsiTI sirIja ma0 pu0 mahApurANa bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANasI mAThara vR0 mAThara vRtti caukhambA sirIja kAzo mImAMsA zlo0 vA0 mImAMsA zloka vArtika caukhambA sirIja kAzI mI0 zlo0 TI0 mImAMsA zloka vArtika TIkA yogada0 vyAsabhA0 yogadarzana vyAsabhASya caukhambA sirIja kAzI laghI0 vivRti0 laghIyastraya svopajJa vivRti mANikacandra granthamAlA vAtsyA0 bhA0 nyAyakumuda candra gata vAtsyAyana bhASya caukha0 saM0 siroja vAkya pa0 ) vAkyapadIya caukhambA saMskRta sirIz2a kAzI vAkya0 bambaI
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________________ sahAyaka grantha tathA grantha saMketa sUcI vAkya pa0 TI0 vAkyapadIya TIkA caukhambA sirIja kAzI vidhivi0 nyAyakaNi0 vidhiviveka nyAyakaNikA TIkA lAjarasa kampanI kAzI vizeSAvazyaka bhASya yazovijaya granthamAlA kAzI nirNaya sAgara presa bambaI vi0 bhA0 vize0 bhA0 vaize 0 sU0 vR0 sva0 svayaMbhU0 zA0 bhA0 zAvarabhA0 zAstra dI0 SaT0 kha0 sa0 si0 sarvA0 si0 sanmati0 TI0 sAM0 kA0 sAMkhya kA0 sAMkhya pra0 bhA0 si0 vi0 siddhi vi0 TI0 sthA0 maM0 syA0 ratnA0 sphoTa si0 } vaizeSika sUtra } bRhatstrayambhUstotra } zAvara bhASya zAstradIpikA SaTkhaNDAgama } sarvArthasiddhi sanmatitarka TokA } sAMkhyakArikA sAMkhya pravacana bhASya siddhivinizcaya siddhivinizcayaTIkA syAdvAdamaMjarI syAdvAdaratnAkara sphoTasiddhi AnandAzrama pUnA caukhambA sirIja kAzI seTha zitAbarAyalakhamIcanda bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANasI gujarAta vidyApITha ahamadAbAda caukhambA sirIja kAzI 11 367 "? 13 bhelasA } bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANasI Arhat prabhAkara kAryAlaya pUnA 13 madrAsa yUnivarsiTI sirIja
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________________
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________________ 0000 mA (CO armANaion OLDEI ATIOpayAyala bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana uddezya jJAnakI vilupta, anupalabdha aura aprakAzita sAmagrIkA anusandhAna aura prakAzana tathA loka-hitakArI maulika sAhityakA nirmANa saMsthApaka sAhU zAntiprasAda jaina adhyakSA zrImatI ramA jaina mudraka : sanmati mudraNAlaya, durgAkuNDa roDa, vArANasI-5 am Education international le & Persal Use Only