Apbhramsa Kathakavya evam Hindi Premakhyanak

Author(s): Premchand Jain
Publisher: Sohanlal Jain Dharm Pracharak Samiti
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002250/1

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pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA .:18: apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka DA0 premacandra jaina sohanalAla jainadharma pracAraka samiti

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pravRttiyA~ 1. pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna 2. zatAvadhAnI ratnacandra pustakAlaya 3. lAbhadevI harajasarAya jaina chAtrAvAsa 4. zramaNa (mAsika) 5. sAhitya - nirmANa 6. zodhavRttiyAM evaM chAtravRttiyAM 7. vyAkhyAnamAlA 8. prakAzana 20) ru0

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pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA : 18 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka lekhaka DA0 . premacandra jaina ESIC 11516 sampAdaka DA0 mohanalAla mehatA * ema. e., pI-eca. DI. OFERTEL paDhamaM nANatA dayA prakAzaka * sohanalAla jainadharma pracAraka samiti amRtasara prApti-sthAna pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI - 5

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banArasa hindU yUnivarsiTI dvArA pI-eca0 DI0 . kI upAdhi ke lie svIkRta zodha-prabandha prakAzaka : sohanalAla jainadharma pracAraka samiti guru bAjAra amRtasara prApti-sthAna : pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna . ___ jaina iMsTiTyUTa . AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa, vArANasI-5 mudraka : varddhamAna mudraNAlaya gaurIgaMja * vArANasI-1 prakAzana-varSa : san 1973 mUlya : bIsa rupaye

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samarpaNa kahA viakkhaNa gANaguru, vandha Nivandha suhAu / nava dassaNa mai sahaa maNa, guruvara sIva pasAu // jiNha avahaMsa agAha daha, kiyau paMtha nimmANa / tinha kerau kara kavala ma~ha, appiya soha pamANa // pUjya guruvara DA0 zivaprasAda siMha jI evaM vandanIyA mA~ zrImatI dharmA jI ke kara-kamaloM meM sAdara savinaya samarpita

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prakAzakIya pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ke .ratanacanda smAraka zodhachAtra DA. premacandra jaina, ema0e0, pI-eca0DI0 kA apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka nAmaka prastuta prabandha sohanalAla jainadharma pracAraka samiti dvArA prakAzita sAtavAM zodha-grantha hai| isake pUrva prakAzita chahoM zodha-granthoM kA vidvadvarga ne samucita Adara kiyA, yaha samiti ke lie harSa evaM santoSa kA viSaya hai| prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya ke mahattvapUrNa aMga apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM kA hindI premAkhyAnakoM ke zilpa para kyA va kitanA prabhAva par3A hai, isakA digdarzana karAnA hI prastuta prabandha kA pratipAdya viSaya hai| lekhaka ne viSaya-vivecana meM paryApta saphalatA prApta kI hai| samiti pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ke adhyakSa evaM banArasa hindU yUnivarsiTI ke sammAnya prAdhyApaka DA0 mohanalAla mehatA kA AbhAra mAnatI hai jinhoMne prastuta grantha kA parizramapUrvaka sampAdana kiyA hai| prabandha ke lekhaka DA. premacandra jaina evaM nirdezaka DA. zivaprasAda siMha ke prati bhI samiti kRtajJatA vyakta karatI hai jinake prazaMsanIya puruSArtha ke kAraNa samiti ko yaha grantha prakAzita karane kA suavasara prApta huA hai| harajasarAya jaina mantrI

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purovAk prastuta grantha kAzI vizvavidyAlaya kI pI-eca0 DI0 upAdhi ke lie likhe gae 'apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM kA hindI premAkhyAnakoM ke zilpa para prabhAva' zIrSaka zodha-prabandha kA prakAzita rUpa hai| maiMne isa grantha ko pUjya guruvara DA0 zivaprasAda siMha jI ke nirdezana meM lagabhaga sAr3he cAra varSoM ke anavarata prayatna se pUrNa kiyA thaa| ekAdhika bAra apabhraMza ke agAdha sAgara ke vistAra ko dekha bhayabhIta hone kI sthitiyoM ne mujhe kUla se hI lauTa calane ko vivaza kiyaa| parantu guruvara ne avagAhana-vidhi pradAna karake mujhe apabhraMza-sAgara meM utAra hI diyA / maiM kabIra kI sAkhI gunagunAte kArya karatA rahA sataguru kI mahimA ana~ta, ana~ta kiyA upagAra / locana anaMta ughADiyA, anaMta dikhAvaNahAra / / aura vahI kArya Aja prakAzita hokara Apake sAmane paha~ca rahA hai| maiM apane zrama aura usake phala se saMtuSTa haiN| phira bhI isa dizA meM kiyA gayA yaha kArya sarvathA pUrNa ho hai, aisA maiM nahIM kahU~gA / hindI premAkhyAnoM ke zilpa para kArya karane kI kAphI guMjAiza hai| hA~, Age mere jaise kArya karane vAloM ko isa grantha se kucha dizAbodha hogA-isa kathana meM koI atyukti nahIM samajhanI caahiye| grantha meM kyA aura vaha kahA~ hai, isakI jAnakArI viSayAnukramaNikA se tathA adhyAyoM kA sArAMza upasaMhAra se jJAta ho skegaa| ataH yahA~ maiM adhyAyoM ke viSayoM kI rUparekhA prastuta karane kI paramparA kA nirvAha nahIM kara rahA huuN| __ zraddheya AcArya hajArIprasAda jI dvivedI ne grantha kA prAkkathana likhane kA anugraha kiyA hai / zodha-prabandha likhane se lekara aba taka unakI sadaiva mujha para kRpAdRSTi rahI hai, ise maiM apanA saubhAgya mAnatA huuN| vastutaH kisI bhI nirmANa prakriyA meM anekavidha vastuoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| mujhe yaha kahane meM koI saMkoca nahIM hai ki yadi mujhe zodha-prabandha likhate samaya saMrakSaka, nirdezaka, sahayogI, preraka athavA protsAhita karane vAloM kA sadbhAva na prApta hotA to maiM nizcita hI apanA kArya sampanna karane meM

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( 6 ) harajasarAya jaina tathA asamartha rahatA / aisI saMsthAoM evaM vyaktiyoM ko eka lambI tAlikA hai jinase maiM upakRta aura lAbhAnvita huA hU~ / isa avasara para maiM sabhI kA smaraNa karanA cAhatA huuN| phira bhI sthAnAbhAva athavA bhUla se kucha asAvadhAnI ho jAye to maiM kSamA cAhU~gA / kAzI vizvavidyAlaya kA maiM ciraRNI rahU~gA, cU~ki maiM isa saMsthA kA vidyArthI rahA hU~ / pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI ke maMtrI zrI adhyakSa DA0 mohanalAla mehatA kA kina zabdoM meM AbhAra mAnUM jinhoMne mujhe zodha chAtravRtti pradAna kI tathA isa prabandha ko prakAzita karane kI kRpA kI / paM0 vAcaspati pAThaka, sva0 DA0 hIrAlAla jaina, DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, DA0 bhAgacandra jaina ne merI zodhasambandhI kaThinAiyoM ko patroM dvArA hala karane kI kRpA kii| maiM unake prati kRtajJatA jJApita karatA hU~ / * DA0 kRSNavihArI mizra, DA0 darabArIlAla koThiyA, paM0 phUlacandra zAstrI, DA0 gokulacandra jaina, zrI sUryamaNi mizra, zrI choTelAla gupta, zrI durgAprasAda bhaTTAcArya, zrI esa0 ke0 'hindI' aura DA0 candraprakAza tyAgI bhI mere lie avismaraNIya haiM / ina sabhI ne mujhe barAbara likhane kI preraNA dii| mitroM meM zrI mohanalAla, lAlacandrabAlacandra zAstrI, jayaprasAda balodhI, ke0 ravi0 menana, zAligrAma tripAThI aura balarAma rekabAra ke sahayoga ko nahIM bhulAyA jA sakatA / pitA zrI zobhArAma jI jaina, agraja DA0 jJAnacandra jI jaina ne adhyayana ke lie pArivArika samasta dAyitvoM se mukta rakhakara mujhe pUrNa svatantra aura nizcinta rahane diyA / vizeSa rUpa se yaha kArya isIlie sampanna ho sakA / maiM natamastaka hU~ / anta meM maiM una samasta lekhakoM, AlocakoM aura granthakAroM kA AbhArI hU~ jinase maiMne zodha-prabandha ke lie sahAyatA lI hai / vidvAn pAThakoM se nivedana hai ki ve merI truTiyoM ko sujhAkara unheM dUra karane kA avasara pradAna kareM / sumera AI haoNspiTala islAmanagara, badAyU~ 16-6-73 premacandra jaina pravaktA, hindI vibhAga sAhU jaina kaoNleja najIbAbAda ( u0 pra0 )

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prAkkathana apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka DA0 premacandra jaina kA vivecanApUrNa graMtha hai| aspaSTa rUpa se barAbara ho anubhava kiyA gayA hai ki apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM kI paraMparA kA vikAsa hI hindI ke premAkhyAnaka kAvya haiN| parantu do kAraNoM se ise spaSTa rUpa se pramANita karane meM bAdhA par3I hai| eka to yaha hai ki apabhraMza ke kathAkAvya adhikatara jaina kaviyoM kI racanA hai aura yaha mAna liyA gayA hai ki ve dhArmika graMtha haiN| dUsarA yaha hai ki hindI meM pAye jAne vAle premAkhyAnaka nAmaka kAvya adhikatara musalamAna kaviyoM ke haiM aura unameM pArasI kavitA ke prabhAva ko saMbhAvanA adhika hai| parantu ye donoM bAteM eka hada taka hI sahI haiM / ina donoM prakAra ke kAvyoM kA bArIkI se adhyayana Avazyaka thaa| kisa prakAra kI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM kA donoM prakAra ke kAvyoM meM prayoga huA hai aura kisa hada taka donoM prakAra ke kAvyoM meM kAvya kI anyAnya rUr3hiyoM aura abhiprAyoM kA Azraya liyA gayA hai, yaha jAne binA inakI prakRti kI ThIka-ThIka jAnakArI nahIM ho sktii| saubhAgya se hameM kucha aise bhI apabhraMza ke kathAkAvya mile haiM jo jaina paraMparA ke nahIM kahe jA sakate / aura kucha aise bhI premAkhyAnaka kAvya mile haiM jo musalamAna kaviyoM se * bhinna sampradAya ke kaviyoM dvArA likhe gaye haiN| ina sabakI sAvadhAnI se parIkSA kI jAnI cAhiye / mujhe prasannatA hai ki AyuSmAn DA0 premacandra jI ne hindI-apabhraMza ke ina kathAkAvyoM kA parizramapUrvaka parIkSaNa kiyA hai| : unameM pAyI jAne vAlI kathAnakagata evaM kAvyagata rUr3hiyoM kA, vibhinna zreNiyoM ke abhiprAyoM kA tathA pratIkoM kA bahuta acchA vizleSaNa kiyA hai aura eka lambI paramparA kA saMdhAna pAyA hai| isa vivecana se hindI sAhitya ke anuzIlana ko eka nayI dizA milegii| mujhe AzA hai ki sAhitya-premI isakA svAgata kreNge| maiM AyuSmAn DA0 premacandra jaina ko unako parizramapUrvaka ko gayI khoja ke lie hArdika badhAI detA huuN| vArANasI hajArIprasAda dvivedI

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prAstAvika prastuta pustaka meM adhyAya 1 adhyAya 2 hindI premAkhyAnoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa premAkhyAnaka: paribhASA kA prazna hindU premAkhyAnakoM kA saMkSipta paricaya sUphI premAkhyAnaka premAkhyAnakoM meM saMketita premAkhyAna adhyAya 3 hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa candAyana ( dAUda ) kI kathAnaka - rUr3hiyAM maMjhanakRta madhumAlatI kI kathAnaka - rUr3hiyAM jAyasIkRta citrarekhA kI kathAnaka - rUr3hiyAM padamAvata meM kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM lakSmaNasena - padmAvatI kI kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM caturbhujadAsakRta madhumAlatIvArtA kI kathAnaka rUr3iyAM chitAIvArtA kI kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM rasaratana kI kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM samayasundarakRta mRgAvatI kI kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM samIkSA adhyAya 4 sUphIkAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka- vidyA 1 24-93 24 31 66 91 94-151 128 129 130 131 133 134 135 136 137. 138 152

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195-266 226 229 adhyAya 5 apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa lIlAvaIkahA paumasirIcariu bhavisayattakahA jasaharacariu NAyakumAracariu jambUsAmicariu karakaMDucariu suaMdhadahamIkahA mayaNaparAjayacariu 233 237 244 251 257 260 . adhyAya.6 267-343 267 268 271 273 274 hindI premAkhyAnakoM aura apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA ___ tulanAtmaka adhyayana sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi rAjanaitika sthiti bhASAgata sthiti . dhArmika avasthA sAmAjika sthiti . sAhityika avasthA apabhraMza-hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM pUrvApara sambandha kathA-vinyAsa puravinyAsa aura kathAvinyAsa kathAkAvyoM ke caritra caritroM ko mukhya vizeSatAe~ kathoddezya vastu-varNana nagara-varNana dvIpa-varNana 275 275 276 281

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sarovara-varNana . 290 293 295 297 299 301 302 307 308 309 jala-krIr3A bAga-vana-varNana vitrazAlA-varNana hATa-varNana azva-varNana yuddha-varNana yuddha-vAdya-varNana moTipha-abhiprAya lIlAvaIkahA ko kathAnaka-rUr3hiyAM . paumasiricariu kI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyAM bhavisayattakahA kI kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM jasaharacariu ko kathAnaka-rUr3hiyAM. NAyakumAracariu kI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyAM jambUsAmicariu kI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyAM karakaMDacariu kI kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM dohada maMgalAcaraNa pUrvavartI kaviyoM kA smaraNa sajjana-durjana-ullekha Rtu-varNana chaMda.. . 310 311 312 313 314 m 319 320 321 322 328 adhyAya 7 upasaMhAra sahAyaka graMtha-sUco anukramaNikA

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apabhraMza kathAkAtya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka

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adhyAya 1 prAstAvika bhAratIya vAGmaya meM hI nahIM apitu vizva vAGmaya meM prema-prasaMga adhikAMza kAvyoM kI viSayavastu rahA hai / nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki prema tattva kI utpatti aura anubhUti mAnava hRdaya meM kaba kaise huI | itanA saca hai ki bhAratIya sAhitya meM vaidikakAla se vartamAna samaya taka prema ko lekara carcAe~ huIM, AkhyAnaka, carita, campU evaM kathA- kAvyoM se lekara upanyAsa, kahAnI aura vArtAe~ taka likhI gaIM / vaidikakAla ke pururavA - urvazI, yama yamI saMvAda, zyAvAzya Adi, saMskRtakAla ke athavA saMskRta bhASA meM racita pururavA - urvazI, nala-damayantI, duSyanta zakuntalA, uSAaniruddha, kRSNa-rukmiNI, arjuna-subhadrA, bhIma-hiDimbA Adi ke prema prasaMgoM ko AdhAra banAkara likhe gaye kAvyoM tathA naiSadhacarita, vAsavadattA, kAdambarI Adi premakRtiyoM, prAkRtaM bhASA meM praNIta taraMgavaIkahA, lolAbaIkahA, ArAmasohAkahA, sirivAlakahA, aMjanA sundarIkahA, jayasundaro kahA, bhavyasundarIkathA, padmazrIkathA, vizvasenakumArakathA, surasundarakathA Adi apabhraMza bhASA meM praNIta bhavisayattakahA, puraMdarakahA, jinarattikahA, suaMdhadasamIkahA, vilAsavaIkahA, sirivAlakahA, varddhamAnakathA, nidusattamIkahA, sudaMsaNacariu, jaMbusAmicariu, pAsaNAhacariu, karakaMDucariu, NAyakumAracariu, jasahara cariu, paumasiricariu, suloyaNAcariu, bhavisayattacariu, sanatkumAracarita, Ne minAhacariu, caMdappahacariu Adi kA ukta sandarbha meM ullekha kiyA sakatA hai / hindI kA premAkhyAna sAhitya bhI pUrva premAkhyAnakoM kI zRMkhalA meM mahattvapUrNa kar3I ke samAna jur3A huA hai / gosvAmI tulasIdAsa jI ke pahale lokabhASA meM prema-kathAnakoM kA aisA sAhitya kAphI adhika saMkhyA meM likhA gayA thA jisake kathA- aMza kA AdhAra lokapracalita kathAnaka

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4 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka the| ina premAkhyAnakoM kA usa samaya vahI malya thA jo Aja premaviSayaka upanyAsoM kaa| rasikajana athavA rojI-roTI kI samasyA se mukta samaya yApana karane vAle loga tatkAlIna premAkhyAnakoM ko ruci se par3hate the| jaina kavi banArasIdAsa ke Atma-carita 'arddhakathAnaka' se yaha bAta pramANita ho jAtI hai : taba ghara meM baiThe rahaiM, jA~hi na hATa bajAra / .. madhumAlati miragAvatI, pothI doi ucAri // 335 // yoM to hindI premAkhyAnoM kA prArambha hindI ke rAso granthoM se hI mAnanA cAhie / rAso grantha paramparA meM pRthvIrAjarAso eka vizAla grantha ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane AtA hai| isameM apabhraMza kI aneka prakAra kI zailiyoM kA sammizraNa milatA hai / vastutaH isa grantha ko bhI premAkhyAnakoM kI koTi meM hI samajhanA caahie| isa sandarbha meM paM0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI kA mata hai : 'mUlata: ye sabhI prema-kathAnaka haiN| inameM premakathAnakoM kI sabhI vizeSatAe~ prApta hotI haiN| antara itanA hI hai ki yahA~ nAyaka kI yuddha-paTutA aura zaurya-pradarzana mukhya ho gayA hai aura prema-vyApAra gauNa / " isI prakAra vIsaladevarAso bhI eka prema-kahAnI hI hai| yaha masaNarAsa kAvya hai jisameM yuddha kA kahIM bhI prasaMga nahIM aataa| khAsataura se yaha vipralaMbha zRMgAra kI mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| , ___ isI prakAra madhyayugIna hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM candAyana, sakhamasena, padmAvatIkathA, caMdakuMvari rI bAta, sadayavatsa-sAvaliMgA kI kathA, madhumAlatIvArtA (caturbhujadAsa), chitAIvArtA, maMjhanakRta madhumAlatI, mRgAvatI, uSAharaNa, premavilAsa-premalatA, rUpamaMjarI, kRSNa-rukmiNI, citrarekhA, citrAvalI, indrAvatI, rasaratana, nala-damayantikathA, jJAnadIpa, mAdhavAnala, kAmakandalA para AdhArita aneka kRtiyA~ ( kuzalalAbha, gaNapati, bodhA, Alama aura dAmodara kRta ), rukmiNIpariNaya, satyavatI kI kathA, haMsa-javAhira, anurAgavA~surI, premadarpaNa, bhASApremarasa, 1. AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI, hindI sAhitya, vi0 saM0 2009, pR0 259. 2. banArasIdAsa, ardhakathAnaka, saM0 nAthUrAma premI, 1957, pR0 38. 3. DA0 saralA zukla, hindI-sUfI kavi aura kAvya, vi0saM0 2013, pR0 375. 4. DA0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI, hindI sAhitya, pR0 261. '

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prAstAvika : 5 kanakAvato, kAmalatA, madhukaramAlato, ratanAvalI, chotA Adi jAna kavi kRta unatosa premAkhyAnoM tathA nUrajahA~, lailA-majananU~, yusupha - julekhA Adi kI gaNanA kI jA sakatI hai / ukta hindI premAkhyAna sAhitya ke sambandha meM eka bAta jo ullekhanIya hai vaha yaha ki hindI premAkhyAnakoM kI do dhArAe~ rahI haiM1. vizuddha bhAratIya yA hindU premAkhyAna, 2. sUphI premAkhyAnaka / ina dhArAoM kA vizada vivecana prastuta prabandha ke dvitIya adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai ataH yahA~ inakA ullekha mAtra hI paryApta hogaa| sUphI kaviyoM ne manavI paddhati meM racanAe~ kIM / pariNAmataH bhAratIya premAkhyAnakoM kI zailI meM parivartana A gayA / sUphiyoM ke matAnusAra laukika prema tathA alaukika prema meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM hotA / unakI mAnyatA hai ki izka hkIko ( alaukika prema ) ke lie izka majAz2I ( laukika prema ) kA honA bhI anivArya hai : majAjI hai jarUra / milatA hai || khudA ( eka sUphI kavi ) ina sUphI sAdhakoM aura kaviyoM ne bhAratIya abhAratIya paddhatiyoM kA dhyAna na kara donoM kA mizraNa kara diyA / isa prakAra hindI premAkhyAnaka sAhitya eka naye kAvyarUpa meM vikasita huA / isakA eka kAraNa yaha bhI thA ki madhyakAlIna rAjanItika uthala-puthala ke kAraNa premAkhyAnakoM kI zailI para vibhinna prakAra ke prabhAva par3e / sor hakIkI ke lie izka baivasIlA kahIM bande ko DA0 zivaprasAda siMha bhAratIya premAkhyAnakoM ke viSaya meM likhate haiM : 'bhAratIya premAkhyAnaka sampUrNa eziyAI saMskRti kI pratiphalana pIThikA hai| inameM anusyUta tattvoM ke samAjazAstrIya, purAtAttvika aura aitihAsika adhyayana kA abhI Arambha ho huA hai / yaha vipula jJAnarAzi anekAneka sudhIjanoM ke zrama aura zakti kA AhvAna karatI hai / " vastutaH hindI premAkhyAna sAhitya meM vividha rUpoM kA mizraNa hone se eka naye kAvya rUpa kA janma huA hai | hindI sAhitya meM paurANika premAkhyAnoM ke AdhAra para bhI kaI racanAe~ huIM jinake mAdhyama se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 1. DA0 zivaprasAda siMha, rasaratana kI bhUmikA, pR0 73.

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6 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka paurANika premAkhyAnasambandhI racanAoM kI dRSTi se bhI hindI sAhitya kisI honatva kI bhAvanA se grasita nahIM thaa| hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM carita-nAyakoM kI bhUmikA meM kabhI-kabhI aitihAsika vyaktiyoM ko utArA gayA hai aura kabhI unakI kathAvastu nitAnta kAlpanika athavA khyAta evaM pratipAdya kA mizraNa lekara sAmane AI hai| ina kAvyoM kI pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM saMskRta ke carita-kathAkAvyoM ke viSaya meM saMkSepa meM vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| apabhraMza sAhitya meM caritakAvyoM kI bahalatA hai| vaise carita-kAvyoM kI paramparA saMskRta sAhitya se hI apabhraMza meM AI, aisA mAnanA ucita hai| saMskRta sAhitya meM buddhacarita, harSacarita, dazakumAracarita Adi pramukha carita-kAvya haiN| 'carita' zabda kA prayoga vANa se pahale hI hone lagA thaa| azvaghoSa ke buddhacarita se isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai| azvaghoSa kA samaya 100 I0 ke AsapAsa mAnA gayA hai| buddhacarita bhagavAn buddha ke jIvana kI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAoM se sambandhita hai| isa prakAra Age cala kara caritakAvyoM kI eka paramparA hI kAyama ho gii| azvaghoSa ke buddhacarita se lekara tulasI ke rAmacaritamAnasa taka carita-kAvyoM kI avicchinna paramparA milatI hai| saMskRta sAhitya ke mahAn gadya-kavi bANabhaTTa ke do kathAkAvya saMskRta sAhitya ko unakI abhUtapUrva dena haiN| yaha vahI vANa haiM jinake viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai 'bANocchiSTaM jagatsarvam' / bANa ne harSacarita meM rAjA harSa ke caritra kA savistAraM varNana kiyA hai| vaise harSacarita vizuddha aitihAsika carita-kAvya nahIM hai / grantha meM bANa ne harSa ke caritra ko kAvyamayI zailI meM prastuta kiyA hai ataeva usakA aitihAsika rUpa vizRMkhalita ho gayA hai| bANa ke anusAra harSacarita AkhyAyikA hai aura kAdambarI kathA / unake matAnusAra AkhyAyikA meM aitihAsika AdhAra honA cAhie aura kathA ke lie kalpanAprasUta / harSacarita aura kAdambarI ke kathAnakoM para to yaha lakSaNa ghaTita ho jAtA hai| parantu yaha lakSaNa virodhapUrNa thaa| daMDI aura bANa ke samaya meM kathA-AkhyAyikA ke lakSaNoM ko lekara matabheda 1. DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, harSacarita : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, pR0 9. 2. e0 vI0 kotha, saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa (hindI anuvAda), pR0 68. 3. DA0 vA0 agravAla, harSacarita : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, pR0 9.

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prAstAvika : 7 thA / jisakA vivecana kathA aura AkhyAyikA kA lakSaNa prastuta karate samaya isI adhyAya meM Age kiyA jAyegA / bANabhaTTa kI kAdambarI saMskRta sAhitya meM eka anamola ratna hai kAdambarI kA kathAnaka eka viziSTa mahattva rakhatA hai / isameM pramukha pAtroM ke caritra ko tIna janmoM kI vyApaka pIThikA para prastuta kiyA gayA hai / phira bhI vizeSatA yaha hai ki kahIM bhI zailI pravAha meM, kathAnaka kI rocakatA aura usake tAratamya meM avarodha utpanna nahIM hotA / kAdambarI kI kathA ke sambandha meM DA0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne likhA hai : 'kathA kI dRSTi se kAdambarI kA saMsthAna usa vasudhAna-koza ke samAna hai jisameM Dhakkana ke bhItara Dhakkana khulatA huA pada-pada para nayA rUpa, nayA yaza aura nayA vidhAna AviSkRta karatA hai / yahA~ pAtroM ke caritra eka jIvana meM nahIM, tIna-tIna jIvana paryanta hamAre sAmane Ate haiM / ' 'isakI kathAvastu ko saMkSepa meM isa prakAra dekhA jA sakegA - - 1. zUdraka kI rAjasabhA meM cAMDAla kanyA kA Agamana tathA vaizampAyana tote kA paricaya aura usake dvArA kathA kA Arambha / ( anuccheda 1 - 11 tathA anu0 12-16 ) 2. vidhyAdI - varNana | ( anu0 17 - 35 ) jAvAlikA Azrama, jAvAli RSi dvArA vaizampAyana tote kI kathA kA AraMbha | ( anu0 36-43 ) 3. ujjayinI aura tArApIDa kA varNana, candrApIDa kA janma | ( anu0 44 - 67 ) caMdrApIDa kI zikSA, yauvarAjyAbhiSeka aura digvijaya | ( anu0 68 - 123 ) 4. acchoda sarovara kA varNana, candrApIDa aura mahAzvetA kI bheMTa evaM mahAzvetA kA apanA vRtAMta kathana ( anu0 124 - 181 ) kAdambarI aura candrApIDa kA prathama milana | ( anu0 182 - 212 ) 5. candrApIDa kA ujjayinI meM lauTanA, kAdambarI kA viraha aura premasaMdeza | ( anu0 213 - 257 ) 1. DA0 vA0 agravAla, kAdambarI: eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, pR0 3. 2. vahI, pR0 3-4.

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8 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka candrApIDa kA punaH gaMdharva loka meM jAnA aura mRtyu / ( anu0 258-300) 6. mahAzvetA aura kAdambarI kA zoka evaM pratibodhana / ( anu0 301-315) tArApIDa aura vilAsavatI kA zoka, jAvAli RSi dvArA udghATita kathAsUtra ko samApti / ( anu0 316-329) 7. zvetaketu dvArA bheje hue kapijala kA vaizampAyana se jAvAli Azrama meM Akara milnaa| ( anu0 330-337 ) jAvAli Azrama se vaizampAyana tote kA bhAganA aura cAMDAla kanyA dvArA pakar3akara zUdraka kI sabhA meM lAyA jAnA / (anu0 338-347) 8. lakSmI dvArA zUdraka tathA vaizampAyana ke pUrvajanma kA paricaya denA aura unakA janma zApamocana / .( anu0 341) mahAzvetA aura puMDarIka evaM candrApIDa aura kAdambarI kA samAgama / . ( anu0 342-52 ) kAdambarI ke viSaya meM ukta prasaMgoM ke ullekha karane kA kevala yahI uddezya hai ki jisa prakAra isa kathA-kAvya meM pradhAna athavA pramukha pAtroM ko kathA tIna bhavoM kI kathA kA nirdeza karatI hai, ThIka usI prakAra apabhraMza ke ekAdhika jaina carita-kathAkAvyoM meM kaI-kaI bhavoM ko kathAoM kA ullekha hotA hai| prAkRta bhASA meM racita samarAiccakahA' meM to samarA. ditya ke nau bhavoM taka kA itihAsa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ___ saMskRta ke caritakAvyoM ko paramparA meM daNDI ( 600 I0 ) kA dazakumAracarita bhI eka mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| isameM dasa rAjakUmAroM ke dezATana kI kathA hai| dazakumAracarita ke nAyaka apanI iSTasiddhi ke lie ucitAnucita sabhI sAdhanoM kA prayoga karate haiN| lakSaNa-nirmAtAoM yA AcAryoM dvArA nirdhArita paramparAoM kA daNDI dvArA ullaMghana kiyA gayA hai / kyoMki gadya kAvya meM bhI kathA-nAyaka zIlavAn, dhairyavAn aura guNavAn honA cAhie / parantu dazakumAracarita ke dasoM rAjakumAroM ko kutsita aura gahita sthAnoM para bhI vicaraNa karate dekhA jA sakatA hai| isa kRti 1. haribhadrasUriviracita samarAiccakahA (isakA saMpAdana harmana jaikobI evaM usake bAda ema0 sI0 modI ne kiyA hai ) /

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prAstAvika : 9 meM sAdhu, pAkhaNDI, jAdUgara, kAmAndha, dhUrta, vezyAoM aura seThoM Adi ke viSaya meM sajIva citraNa to hai hI, sAtha hI aise anubhavasiddha prayoga bhI haiM jo sAmAjika jIvana nirvAha karane vAloM ke lie bar3e upayogI siddha ho sakate haiM / daNDI ke mata se kathA aura AkhyAyikA meM kevala nAma kA bheda hai|' bANa ne harSacarita ko AkhyAyikA aura kAdambaro ko kathA mAnA hai| harSacarita ke prArambha meM bANa likhate haiM-'karomyAkhyAyikAmbodhau jihvAplavanacApalam' arthAt meM isa AkhyAyikA rUpI samudra meM capalatAvaza jihvA calA rahA huuN| kAdambaro ko bANa ne 'kathA' dvArA sambodhita kiyA hai-'dhiyA nibaddheyamatidvayI kthaa'| bANa ne kathA aura AkhyAyikA sambandhI jo vicAra prastuta kiyA thA usase spaSTa hai ki kathA kalpanA-janya aura AkhyAyikA kA AdhAra itihAsa hotA thaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki AkhyAyikA aura kathA ke paravartI lakSaNa nirdhAraNa meM bANa ke isa saMketa meM bar3I sahAyatA milI / cAhe caritakAvya ho athavA kathAkAvya, usameM kisI na kisI rUpa meM kathA to anusyUta rahegI hii| ataeva yadi kiMcit vicAra karake dekheM to AkhyAna-carita aura kathAkAvyoM meM koI vizeSa maulika antara nahIM miltaa| ina sabhI kA mUloddezya kathA ko rasamayI abhivyakti hI hai| DA0 zambhUnAtha siMha caritakAvya ko prabandhakAvya kA ho eka vizeSa rUpa mAnate haiN| unakA kathana hai ki prabandhakAvya, kathAkAjya aura itivRttAtmaka kathA ( purANakathA Adi ) ke lakSaNoM kA samanvaya huA hai isIlie prAyaH caritakAvyoM ne apane ko kabhI carita, kabhI kathA aura kabhI purANa kahA hai| caritakAvya ko kucha nijI vizeSatAeM hotI haiM jisase vaha purANa, itihAsa aura kathA se bhinna eka vizeSa prakAra kA prabandhakAvya mAnA jAtA hai / saMskRta sAhitya meM cAra zailiyoM-zAstrIya zailI, aitihAsika zailI, paurANika zailI aura romAMsika zailI meM likhe 1. DA0 satyanArAyaNa pAMDeya, saMskRta sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR0 258. 2. kAdambarI, pUrvArddha, zloka 20. 3. DA0 zambhUnAtha siMha, hindI mahAkAvyoM kA svarUpa aura vikAsa, pR0 286-87.

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10 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka prabandhakAvya milate haiN| apabhraMza meM paurANika aura romAMsika do hI zailiyoM ke prabandhakAvya milate haiM aura ve sabhI caritakAvya haiN| caritakAvyoM kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai : 1. caritakAvya kI zailI jIvanacarita kI zailI hotI hai| usameM caritakAvya ke janma se lekara mRtyu paryanta kI athavA kaI janmoM ( bhavAntaroM) kI kathA rahatI hai| 2. caritakAvyoM meM prAyaH prema, vIratA aura dharma yA vairAgya-bhAvanA kA samanvaya dikhalAI par3atA hai| sabameM koI na koI premakathA avazya hotI hai aura usakA sthAna gauNa nahIM, mahattvapUrNa hotA hai| prAyaH sabhI caritakAvyoM meM prema kA prArambha samAna rUpa se hotA hai| * 3. prAyaH sabhI meM kathArambha ke lie vaktA-zrotA yojanA avazya rahatI hai| 4. usameM alaukika, atiprAkRta aura atimAnavIya zaktiyoM, kAryoM aura vastuoM kA samAveza avazya rahatA hai, jo paurANika aura romAMsika zailI ke kathAkAvyoM, paurANika kathAoM aura lokakathAoM kI dena hai| 5. unakA kathAnaka zAstrIya prabandhakAvyoM jaisA paMcasaMdhiyoM se yukta aura kAryAnviti vAlA nahIM hotaa| vaha kathAnakoM kI taraha sphIta, vizRMkhala, gumphita yA jaTila hotA hai| 6. zailI kathAkAvyoM se adhika udAtta hotI hai| 7. yaha uddezyapradhAna hotA hai, manoraMjanapradhAna nahIM / uddezya aura viSayavastu kI daSTi se caritakAvya chaH prakAra ke hote haiM-dhArmika, pratIkAtmaka, vIragAthAtmaka, premAkhyAnaka, prazastimUlaka aura lokagAthAtmaka / hindI ke adhikAMza madhyakAlIna prabandhakAvya apabhraMza ke prabandhakAvyoM ko bhAMti caritakAvya hI haiN| yahA~ hama saMskRta ke lakSaNagranthoM ke AdhAra para kathA-AkhyAyikA ke rUpa para vicAra kareMge / 'kathA' zabda saMskRta kI 'kath' dhAtu se banA hai| isakA sAmAnya artha hotA hai 'jo kucha kahA jAye vaha kathA hai| baMgalA bhASA meM bhI ukta artha meM hI isakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yadi kathA kA artha usake sAmAnya artha para se hI nirdhArita kiyA jAye taba kadAcit vaha anupayukta hogaa| kyoMki jo kucha kahA jAye vaha sabhI kathA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| zrImadbhAgavata meM saMsAra tApa se saMtapta prANo ke lie kathA ko pIyUSa ke samAna jIvanadAyinI kahA gayA hai :

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prAstAvika : 11 tava kathAmRtaM taptajIvanaM kavibhirIDitaM kalmaSApaham / zravaNamaMgalaM zrImadAtataM bhuvi gRNanti te bhUridA janAH // ' zrImadbhAgavata meM ho 'vArtA' aura 'kathA' zabda samAna artha meM prayukta hae haiN| saMskRta-AcAryoM ne mahAkAvya, kathA aura AkhyAyikA meM bheda kiyA hai / daMDI kA kathana hai ki kathA gadya meM ho nibaddha honI caahie| sAhityadarpaNakAra AcArya vizvanAtha kA mata hai ki kathA meM vastUvarNana sarasa ho aura vaha gadya meM hI racita ho| kahIM para isameM AryA tathA kahIM vakrApavakra chanda bhI Ate hoN| kathA ke prArambha meM namaskAra evaM durjanAdi ke caritra padyamaya vaNita hote haiN| jaise kAdambarI Adi : kathAyAM sarasaM vastu gadyereva vinirmitam / / kvacidatra bhavedAryA kvcidvkraapvkrke| Adau padyainamaskAraH khalAdervRttakIrtanam // ythaa-kaadmbryaadiH| agnipurANa meM gadya-kAvya ke pA~ca bheda kahe gaye haiM-AkhyAyikA, kathA, khaMDakathA, parikathA aura kthaanikaa| usake anusAra AkhyAyikA vaha hai jisameM lekhaka ke vaMza kI kucha vistAra se prazaMsA ho, jisameM kanyAharaNa, saMgrAma, vipralambha Adi vipattiyoM kA varNana ho, jisameM rIti aura vRtti ati pradIpta zailI meM hoM, jisameM ucchvAsa' nAmaka pariccheda hoM, jisameM cUrNaka zailI kA bAhulya ho evaM vaktra aura apavaktra nAmaka zloka hoN| isake viparIta kathA kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai : zlokaiH svavaMzaM saMkSepAt kaviyatra prazaMsati / mukhyasyArthAvatArAya bhaved yatra kathAntaram // paricchedo na yatra syAd bhaved vA lambakaiH kvacit / sAM kathA nAma tadgarbha nibdhniiyaacctusspdiim|| 1. zrImadbhAgavata, 10. 31. 9. 2. yatra bhAgavatI vArtA tatra bhaktyAdikaM vrajet / kathAzabdaM samAkarNya tattrikaM taruNAyate // zrImadbhAgavata (mAhAtmya), 3. 9. 3. AcArya vizvanAtha, sAhityadarpaNa, SaSThocchvAsa, zlo0 332-33. 4. agnipurANa, 366. 12. 5. vahI, 336. 13-14. 6. vahI, 336. 15-17.

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12 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka arthAt kathA vaha hai jisameM Arambha meM kavivaMza kA saMkSipta varNana ho, mukhyArtha kA Arambha karAne ke lie bhUmikA meM dUsarI kathA kahI jAya aura jisameM pariccheda na hoM, athavA kahIM-kahIM para lambaka hoM / AcAryaM bhAmaha ne kathA ko 'itihAsAzrita' mAnA hai / AkhyAyikA ke viSaya meM bhAmaha ke mata se sundara gadya meM likhI sarasa kahAnI vAlI racanA ko AkhyAyikA kahate haiM / yaha ucchvAsoM meM vibhakta hotI hai / kathA kahane vAlA nAyaka hI hotA hai / usake bIca-bIca meM vaktrApavaktra chanda Ate haiM / kanyApaharaNa, yuddha aura anta meM nAyaka kI vijaya kA varNana hotA hai / daNDI kathA aura AkhyAyikA meM bheda svIkAra nahIM . 1 karate / unake anusAra kathA aura AkhyAyikA eka hI koTi kI racanAe~ haiM / cU~ki kahAno nAyaka kahe athavA koI anya, adhyAyaM kA vibhAjana ho yA na ho, unakA nAma ucchvAsa athavA lambhaka rakhA jAye, bIca meM vaktrApavaktra chanda Ave yA nahIM ina sabase kahAnI meM kyA antara par3atA hai ? isIlie ina bAhya bhedoM ke kAraNa kathA aura AkhyAyikA meM bheda nahIM karanA cAhie / bhAmaha ne kathA aura AkhyAyikA meM bheda kiyA hai, yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai parantu ve kathA aura AkhyAyikA kA prayojana eka hI mAnate haiM / vaha prayojana hai- abhinaya / amarakoSakAra ke matAnusAra AkhyAyikA meM aitihAsika AdhAra honA cAhie, parantu kathA kalpanA - prasUta hotI hai / AcArya vizvanAtha pUrvavRtta ko AkhyAna kI saMjJA dI hai / saMskRta AkhyAna - sAhitya do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai - nItikathA ( Diadectic fables ) aura lokakathA athavA manoraMjaka kathA ( Fairy tales ) / prathama prakAra kI 1. zabdazchando'bhidhAnArthA itihAsAzrayAH kathAH / loko yuktiH kalAzceti mantavyAH kAvyayairvazI // -- kAvyAlaMkAra, 1. 9. w 2. bhAmaha, kAvyAlaMkAra, 1. 25-28. 3. daNDI, kAvyAdarza, 1. 23-28 4. sargabandho'bhineyArthaM tathaivAkhyAyikAkathe / -- kAvyAlaMkAra, 1. 18. 5. AkhyAnaM pUrvavRttoktiH /

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prAstAvika : 13 kathAoM kA lakSya hotA hai upadeza aura dUsare prakAra kI kathAoM kA mAtra manoraMjana / isa prakAra kathA-AkhyAyikA ko paribhASA vibhinna AcAryoM tathA kozakAroM ne vibhinna prakAra se kI hai| hindI sAhitya koza meM kathA kI paribhASA isa prakAra kI gaI hai : 'kisI aisI kathita ghaTanA kA kahanA yA varNana karanA jisakA koI nizcita pariNAma ho| ghaTanA ke varNana meM kAlAnukrama bhI Avazyaka hai, jaise somavAra ke pazcAt maMgalavAra, dina ke bAda rAta, bacapana ke bAda yauvana aadi| manuSya, pazu-pakSI, nadI-pahAr3a Adi / vibhinna prakAra kI vastuoM se kathA kI ghaTanA kA sambandha ho sakatA hai| jisase sambandhita ghaTanA ho, usakI kisI vizeSa paristhiti yA paristhiti kA Adi aura anta se yukta varNana hI kathA hai'| prasiddha upanyAsa Alocaka I0 ema0 phorsaTara ne likhA hai ki kathA, samaya ko zRMkhalA meM ba~dhA huA ghaTanAoM kA pUrvApara vivaraNa hai| isI ke samAna eDavina myora kI bhI paribhASA hai / ve likhate haiM : 'gadyakAvya kI sabase sarala vidhA kathA hai jo ghaTanAoM ko adbhuta DhaMga se byorevAra rikArDa karatI hai| yahA~ saMskRta kathAkAvyoM ke lakSaNoM ke sAtha-sAtha yaha jAna lenA bhI anivArya ho jAtA hai ki kathAkAvyoM kI bhASA ke viSaya meM AcAryoM kA kyA mata rahA thA / yoM daNDI Adi ke anusAra kathA gadya meM hI racita honI caahie| parantu rudraTa kI mAnyatA hai ki kathA ke Arambha meM devatA aura guruM kI vaMdanA honI caahie| granthakAra ko graMtha evaM svayaM kA paricaya denA cAhie / kathoddezya vyakta karanA caahie| sakala zRMgAroM se 1. DA0 satyanArAyaNa pAMDeya, saMskRta sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, __ pR0 271. 2. DA0 dhIrendra varmA, hindI sAhityakoza, pR0 183-84. 3. "It is narrative of events arranged in their time ___sequence." -E. M. Forster, Aspects of Novel, p. 47. 8. "The most simple form of prose fiction is the story which records a succession of events, generally marveIlous." --Ed win Muir, The Structure of Novel, p. 17.

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14 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka vibhUSita kanyAlAbha hI isa kathA kA uddezya hotA hai| isa prakAra saMskRta meM kathA gadya aura anya bhASAoM meM padya meM likhI jAtI hai : kanyAlAbhaphalAM vA samyagavinyasya sakalazRGgAram / iti saMskRtena kuryAt kathAmagadyena cAnyena // uparyukta zloka meM 'kathAmagadyena cAnyena' pada dhyAna dene yogya hai / saMskRta bhASA kA spaSTa ullekha karake lakSaNakAra ne 'anyena' pada se apabhraMza-prAkRta kI ora iMgita kiyA hai, yaha adhika saMbhava jAna par3atA hai / yadi saMskRtAcAryoM ke kathAsambandhI ukta lakSaNoM se niSkarSa nikAlA jAe to rudraTa kI paribhASA kA daSTikoNa kAphI udAra kahA jaaygaa| vaise lakSaNagraMthoM meM AcAryoM ne ina saba bAtoM kA dhyAna nyUnatama hI rakhA hai| AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne likhA hai ki rudraTa se kucha pUrva kI kautUhala kavi kI 'lIlAvatI' nAmaka kathA milI hai jo Thoka rudraTa ke kathAlakSaNoM para ghaTita hotI hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki rudraTa ne kathA yA mahAkathA ke lie jo lakSaNa batAye haiM ve usa samaya kI prAkRta yA apabhraMza kI kathAoM ko dekha kara hI likhe gaye hoMge / hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM se ekAdhika premAkhyAnakoM para rudraTa ko paribhASArUpI kasoTI kasI jA sakatI hai| pUhakara kavi kRta 'rasaratana' meM rudraTa kI paribhASA kA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai| puhakara ne Arambha meM deva-vaMdanA kI hai| sUphI premAkhyAnakoM kI taraha zAhevakta kI stuti bhI kI hai-aadi| ___ kathA aura AkhyAyikoM meM kucha sUkSma bhedoM ke hote hue bhI inake saMdarbha meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye eka hI zreNI kI racanAe~ hotI thiiN| inameM koI maulika bheda pratIta nahIM hotaa| hitopadeza, kathAsaritsAgara, siMhAsanabattIsI, baitAlapacIsI, kAdambarI, harSacarita, vAsavadattA, dazakumAracarita Adi kathA-AkhyAyikAoM ko bahuta-kucha prakRti eka-dUsare se milatI hai / kathA-AkhyAyikA ke uparyukta sabhI matoM ko ekatra karake sarvamAnya lakSaNoM kI rUparekhA isa prakAra bana sakatI hai : 1. kathA-AkhyAyikA meM romAMcaka tattvoM aura sAhasika kAryoM jaise yuddha, balapUrvaka vivAha, kanyAharaNa, bhayaMkara yAtrA, mArga kI durUha 1. rudraTa, kAvyAlaMkAra, 16. 20-23. 2. DA0 zivaprasAda siMha, rasaratana kI bhUmikA, pR0 78. .

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prAstAvika : 15 kaThinAiyA~, deva-asura, gandharva-yakSAdi ke alaukika kAryoM kA bahuta adhika vistAra hotA hai| 2. kathA-AkhyAyikA kA kathAnaka adhika pravAhaya kta, itivRttAtmaka aura AkarSaka hotA hai kintu usakA mUlAdhAra yathArtha jIvana nahIM hotA (bANa kI harSacarita sadaza kucha racanAe~ isake lie apavAdasvarUpa haiM ) / isameM kalpanA-janya alaukika, atimAnavIya evaM atiprAkRta tattvoM, yAtrAoM tathA asambhava ghaTanAoM kI adhikatA hotI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa usameM kAlpanika kathA kA camatkAra aura asambhava yA avizvasanIya ghaTanAoM kI bharamAra hotI hai| 3. kathA-AkhyAyikA meM kathAnaka kI koI zRMkhalita yojanA nahIM hoto / usakA kathAnaka sphItiyukta, ulajhA huA aura jaTila hotA hai| prAyaH usakA prArambha hI kathAMtara se hotA hai, phira usameM kathA ke bhItara kathA aura usa antargata kathA meM bhI garbhakathAe~ bharI rahatI haiN| kucha kathAe~ aisI bhI hotI haiM jinameM aneka kathAe~ kisI eka sUtra se paraspara bA~dha dI gaI rahatI haiM / yadyapi una sabakA astitva alaga-alaga hI rahatA hai| 4. kathA-AkhyAyikAoM kI kathAoM meM vivAha aura usake lie yuddha tathA prema ke saMyoga evaM viyoga pakSa ke varNana para adhika dhyAna diyA jAtA hai / pariNAmasvarUpa usake nAyaka prAyaH dhIra lalita hote haiM aura unakA jIvana ayathArtha para AdhArita hotA hai| ve prAyaH nijadharI hote haiM yA kathAkAra dvArA nijandharI U~cAI taka pahu~cA diye jAte haiM / bhAratIya kathAoM meM vikramAditya, sAtavAhana, udayana, duSyanta aura nala Adi aise hI caritra haiM, jo aitihAsika hote hue bhI nijandharI vyaktitva dvArA gar3he hue haiN| yuddha, sAhasa evaM vIratA ke kAryoM kA varNana kathA-AkhyAyikAoM meM bhI hotA hai para vaisA nahIM jaisA alaMkRta kAvyoM meM hotA hai / kathAkAra yuddha aura vIratA ko prema aura zRMgAra kA sAdhanamAtra samajhatA hai, jisase usakA mana ina bAtoM meM hI ramatA hai| pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki hindI premAkhyAnakoM kI eka sudRr3ha paramparA 1. vistAra ke lie dekhie-DA0 zambhUnAtha siMha, hindI mahAkAvyoM kA svarUpa aura vikAsa, pR0 401-4.

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16 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka rahI hai / yahA~ vicAraNIya yaha hai ki hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA mukhya lakSaNa kyA hai ? yaha to sunizcita hI hai ki premAkhyAnakoM athavA premagAthAoM kA AdhAra koI na koI prema-kathA, prema-kahAnI, prema-vArtA athavA koI lokavArtA yA pracalita kahAvata hI hogI / jahA~ taka merA isa viSaya meM adhyayana hai vahA~ taka maiM yaha kaha sakatA hU~ ki saMskRta kathAkAvyoM kI bhA~ti hindI premAkhyAnakoM ko kisI eka paribhASA ke vRtta meM nahIM gherA jA sktaa| hindI premAkhyAna apanI pRSTha-bhUmi meM jahA~ eka ora bhAratIya prAcIna paramparA ko surakSita rakhe hue haiM vahA~ dUsarI ora , abhAratIya vizeSakara sUphI paramparA ke prabhAva se achate nahIM raha sake haiN| suphI premAkhyAnakoM ko eka alaga dhArA rahI hai| isa bAta kA saMketa maiMne pUrva bhI kiyA hai ki koI bhI prema-kathA cAhe vaha caritakAvya ke rUpa meM athavA dantakathA ke AdhAra para racita athavA lokavArtA Adi se sambandhita hokara sAmane AI, use premagAthA yA premAkhyAna kahane meM saMkoca kI kyA bAta hai ? hA~, yaha bAta avazya draSTavya hogI, ki usa kathA, AkhyAyikA athavA AkhyAna meM premakathA kI pradhAnatA hai yA nhiiN| yadi premakathA kI pradhAnatA nahIM hai to avazya hI viSayAntara hogaa| sAdhAraNatayA premAkhyAnakoM ke sandarbha meM loka-maryAdA kA prazna uThatA hai / aisI sthiti meM merA vicAra hai ki koI bhI sajaga kRtikAra jAna-bUjha. kara lokamaryAdA ke pare kI bAta nahIM likhtaa| yadi vaha caramotkarSa ko belA meM lokamaryAdA kA atikramaNa barabasa kara jAtA hai to kSamya hai| cU~ki 'premAkhyAnakoM meM lokamaryAdA kA atikramaNa doSa nahIM guNa samajhA jAtA hai|" hindI premAkhyAnakoM ko adhyayana kI suvidhA ke lie tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta karake dekhA jA sakatA hai| athavA ise yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki upalabdha premAkhyAnaka tIna prakAra ke haiM : 1. AdhyAtmika siddhAntoM ke pracAra ke lie likhe gaye kAvya / 2. vizuddha laukika prema-kAvya / 3. arddha-aitihAsika premgaathaaeN| 1. DA0 hajArIprasAda dvivedo, madhyakAlIna dharmasAdhanA, pa0 248. 2. DA0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI, hindI sAhitya, pR0 263.

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prAstAvika : 17 prathama zreNI meM mukhya rUpa se sUphI kaviyoM kI racanAe~ AtI haiM / sUphiyoM ke atirikta anya bhakta kaviyoM ne bhI isa zailI ko apanAyA hai / ata eva ina kAvyoM kI do zreNiyA~ ho jAtI haiM : 1. sUphI kaviyoM ke likhe premakAvya 2. anya bhakta kaviyoM dvArA likhe gaye premakAvya ukta bheda ko nimna prakAra se bhI kahA gayA hai : 1. zuddha premAkhyAnaka kAvya : jisameM strI-puruSa ke laukika prema kA citraNa kiyA ho, jaise -- chitAIvArtA | 2. rahasyavAdI premAkhyAnaka kAvya : jina kAvyoM meM laukika prema ke mAdhyama se pAralaukika prema kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA ho| isa prakAra ke kAvyoM meM sUphI kaviyoM ko racanAe~ pramukha haiM / 3. premaprabhAva-nirUpaka kAvya : isameM kathA nAmamAtra ko hotI hai, sArA bala prema-nirUpaNa meM hI diyA jAtA hai / hindI ke premakhyAnakoM kA mukhya lakSaNa nirdhArita karane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ve saMskRta ke lakSaNoM ko pUrNataH nahIM svIkAra karate / hindI premakhyAnakoM kA apanA eka nijI aura nayA kAvyarUpa hai / hindI premAkhyAnakoM kI zilpa-vidhi kI kaThinAiyoM kA jahA~ taka prazna hai, ve to Aja taka bhI jyoM kI tyoM banI huI haiM / usakA mUlabhUta kAraNa prathama to yahI hai ki premAkhyAnakoM ke mudraNa ke abhAva meM usa ora kisI Sharara dRSTi par3I hI nahIM / dvitIya yaha ki kisI vastu se usake zilpa ko alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| cU~ki hindI sAhitya apabhraMza sAhitya kA cira RNI hai athavA DA0 vIrendra zrIvAstava kI zabdAvalI meM, 'hindI bhASA aura sAhitya kI vikAsa-zRMkhalA kA samyak paricaya binA apabhraMza bhASA ke adhyayana ke saMbhava nahIM hai / ataeva usa ora dRSTipAta karanA bhI Avazyaka hai / madhyakAlIna hindI ke premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa aura kathA-saMghaTana apabhraMza se bahuta prabhAvita hai| abataka isa 1. DA0 hajArIprasAda vedI, hindI sAhitya, pR0 278. E 2. chitAIvArtA, saM0 - DA0 mAtAprasAda gupta, paricaya, pR0 12. 3. DA0 vIrendra zrIvAstava, apabhraMza bhASA kA adhyayana, pR0 39. 2

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18 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka viSaya meM vidvAnoM ke saMketa mAtra milate haiN| jaise, AcArya rAmacandra zakla ke zabdoM meM 'dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki caritrakAvya yA AkhyAnakAvya ke lie adhikatara caupAI, dohe kI paddhati grahaNa kI gaI hai| caupAI-dohe ko yaha paramparA hama Age calakara sUphiyoM ko prema kahAniyoM meM, tulasI ke rAmacaritamAnasa meM tathA chatraprakAza, brajavilAsa, sabalasiMha cauhAna ke mahAbhArata ityAdi aneka AkhyAnaka kAvyoM meM pAte haiN|'' DA0 bhagoratha mizra likhate haiM-'jAyasI, tathA premAkhyAnaka kaviyoM kI kahAnI aura premavarNana kA mUla jainAcAryoM dvArA likhI prAkRta aura apabhraMza kathAoM.... meM milatA hai / "jAyaso, tulaso Adi ko dohA-caupAI vAlI zailI jo hindI meM itano saphala siddha huI, apabhraMza se hI prArambha huI hai|'2. DA0 harikAnta zrIvAstava ko mAnyatA hai ki '......"hindI AkhyAnaka kAvya apabhraMza ke caritra aura purANa kAvyoM ke uttarAdhikAra meM mile| pro0 harivaMza kochar3a kA kathana hai-'apabhraMza kAvyoM ke premAkhyAnaka kAvya hindI sAhitya meM jAyasI ke padmAvata ke rUpa meM prakaTa hue| isI prakAra anya katipaya vidvAnoM ne isa sandarbha kI sUcanA mAtra do hai| hindI premAkhyAnakoM para jo zodha athavA samAlocanAtmaka DhaMga ke graMtha likhe gaye haiM, unameM DA0 harikAnta zrIvAstava ke 'bhAratIya premAkhyAna kAvya'; DA. kamala kulazreSTha ke 'hindI premAkhyAnaka kAvya'; zrI gaNezaprasAda dvivedI dvArA saMpAdita 'hindI premagAthA kAvya saMgraha'; paM0 parazurAma caturvedo ke 'madhyakAlIna premasAdhanA' aura 'hindI ke sUphI premAkhyAna'; DA0 zivasahAya pAThaka ke 'malika mohammada jAyasI aura unakA kAvya'; zrI candrabalI pAMDeya ke 'tasavvupha athavA sUphomata'; DA0 zyAmamanohara pAMDeya ke 'madhyayugIna premAkhyAna' aura DA0 saralA zukla ke 'hindI-sUphI kavi aura kAvya' Adi kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI kahanA anivArya hai ki hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM bhI hindI-premAkhyAnakoM ke sandarbha meM thor3I-ghanI sAmagrI dI ho gaI thii| ullikhita sabhI sAmagrI apane kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna to rakhatI hai, parantu ina sabhI meM zilpa para 1. A0 rAmacandra zukla, hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, prathama saM0, pR08.9. 2. DA0 bhagIratha mizra, hindI kAvyazAstra kA itihAsa, pR0 48. 3. DA. harikAnta zrIvAstava, bhAratIya premAkhyAna kAvya, pR0 26. 4. pro0 harivaMza kochar3a, apabhraMza-sAhitya, pR0 388.

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prAstAvika : 19 vicAra kA abhAva hai / kahIM zilpa kI carcA uThAI bhI gaI hai to vaha nagaNya hai| hindI premAkhyAnakoM ke zilpagaThana para vAstavika prabhAva apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM kA par3A / zuddha bhAratIya zailI ke premAkhyAnaka apabhraMza ke purANa aura caritakAvyoM kI dena haiN| vicArakoM ne ukta satya ko svIkAra kiyA hai, phira bhI isa viSaya para vistAra ke abhAva meM hindI premAkhyAnakoM kI vastu-gaThana, zailI- zilpa Adi kA adhyayana adhUrA hI raha jAtA hai / mUla prazna zilpa-vidhi ko kaThinAiyoM kA thA / ukta prasaMga meM hamane dekhA ki zilpa-vidhi ke adhyayana kI kaThinAiyoM kA samAdhAna atyadhika zrama - sAdhya evaM duharA vyApAra hai / kAraNa isakA yahI hai ki zilpavidhi para AdhikArika DhaMga se kisI ne nahIM socA yA kArya kiyA / naye sire se koI bhI kArya kiyA jAye usameM kaThinAiyA~ honA svAbhAvika hai / ThIka yahI bAta hindI - premAkhyAnakoM kI zilpavidhi ke adhyayana kI kaThinAiyoM ke saMdarbha meM kahI jA sakatI hai / hindI premAkhyAnoM kA zilpa kyA hai ? ise nirdiSTa karane ke lie eka kasauTI cAhiye aura usakA prArUpa yaha hogA : 1. kathAvastu : maMgalAcaraNa, sajjana-prazaMsA, durjana- jindA, kathAnyAsa, kathAvistAra, kathoddezya, 'yuddhavarNana, kanyA-prApti, pAralokika yA ihalaukika sukha ( Arambha, vikAsa saMgharSa aura phalaprApti ) / 2. kathAsaMghaTana - vastuvarNana : 1. nagara, vana, bAga, giri, tAla, saritA, hoTa Adi / 2. azva, senA, Ayudha, siMhAsana Adi / 3. sAMskRtika Alambana - saMgIta, vidhAe~, dhArmika vizvAsa, andha-vizvAsa, Akasmika ghaTanA, saMyojana Adi / 4. bhASA-zailI, kathA- zailI, dohA-caupAI, kar3avaka, ghattA, saMdhi, adhyAya Adi kA vivecana Avazyaka hai / 'zilpa' zabda ke artha athavA artha-vistAra para prastuta prabandha ke tRtIya adhyAya meM mUlarUpa se vicAra kiyA jAyagA / yahA~ yaha kahanA Avazyaka hogA ki maiM zilpa ko sirpha zailI nahIM mAnatA / zilpa eka vyApaka zabda hai jisameM zailI kI vizeSatAe~ to A hI jAtI haiM, para isake atirikta kathA kI gaThana ( sTrakcara ), rUr3hiyA~ ( moTiphsa ), vastuvarNana, sAja

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20 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka sajjA tathA kathAkAvyoM kA pUrA racAva bhI zilpa ke antargata AtA hai / maiM yahIM prabhAva zabda kI bhI vyAkhyA kara denA cAhatA huuN| prabhAva kA artha sIdhI chApa yA sAdRzya nahIM, prabhAva ko vyApaka artha meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai, ise eka prakAra se apabhraMza kathA-zilpa kA hindI kathA-zilpa ke vikAsa meM yogadAna ho kahanA caahiye| isI yogadAna kI bhUmikA meM mere zodha prabandha kA uddezya hindI premAkhyAnakoM aura apabhraMzaM kathAkAvyoM meM zilpagata zRMkhalA niyojita karanA hai| .. hindI premAkhyAnakoM kI tAlikA kRti kRtikAra mullAdAUda IzvaradAsa kutubana jAyasI maMjhana naMdadAsa kRtikAla san 1370 I0 (772 hi0) , 1501 ( 1558 vi0 saM0) , 1501 ( 909 hi0) ' , 1540 ( 947 hi0.) ,, 1545 ( 952 hi0) ,, 1550 ke lagabhaga ,, 1591 ( 992 hi0) Alama 1. candAyana 2. satyavatI 3. mRgAvatI 4. padmAvatI 5. madhumAlatI 6. rUpamaMjarI 7. mAdhavAnala kAma-kandalA 8. citrAvalI 9. rasaratana 10. jJAnadIpa 11. kanakAvatI 12. puhapa-barikhA 13. kAmalatA 14. ratnAvalI evaM usamAna puhakara zekha nabI jAna , ,,1613 I0 ,, 1616 I0 1619 I0 ,,1618 I0 ,1621 I0 , 1622 I0 buddhisAgara " ,, 1634 I0 1. DA0 zivagopAla mizra dvArA saMpAdita evaM hindI pracAraka pustakAlaya vArANasI se navambara 1957 meM prakAzita 'maMjhanakRta madhumAlatI' se.

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prAstAvika : 21 kRti , 1639 I0 kRtikAra kRtikAla 15. chItA jAna 16. rUpamaMjarI ,, 1637 I0 17. kamalAvatI 18. kalaMdara , 1645 I0 19. nala-damayantI 20. naladamana sUradAsa lakhanavI ,, 1657 I0 21. mRgAvatI kI kathA megharAja pradhAna ,, 1666 I0 22. puhupAvatI dukhaharanadAsa 23. haMsa-javAhira kAsimazAha 24. indrAvatI nUramuhammada , 1744 I0 25. viraha-vAroza bodhA ,, 175.2-58 I0 26 premaratana phAjilazAha , 1848 I0 ,, 1721 I0 1. mRgAvatI zekha kutabana 1560 vi0 2. padmAvatI jAyasI. 1578 vi0 3. madhumAlatI malika maMjhana 1602 vi0 4. citrAvalI usamAna 1570 vi0 5. kanakAvatI jAna kavi 1675 vi0 6. kAmalatA 1678 vi0 7. madhukaramAlatI 1691 vi0 8. ratanAvalI 1691 vi0 9. chItA 1693 vi0 10. haMsa-javAhara kAsima zAha 179.3 vi0 11. indrAvatI nUramuhammada 1801 vi0 12. anurAgabA~surI 1821 vi0 13 yUsupha-julekhA zekha nisAra 1847 vi0 1. DA0 satyendra, madhyayugIna hindI sAhitya kA lokatAtvika adhyayana, 0 291-292 se uddhRta.

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nArAyaNa 22 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka kRti kRtikAra kRtikAla 14. nUrajahA~ khvAjA ahamada 1962 vi0 15. bhASA-premarasa zekha rahIma 1972 vi0 16. DholA-mArU rA dUhA 17. rasaratana 1675 vi0 18. chitAIvArtA 1647 vi0 19. virahavArIza bodhA 1809 vi0 20. mAdhavAnala-kAmakandalA gaNapati 1584 vi0 21. mAdhavAnalakathA. dAmodara 1737 vi0 22. premavilAsa-premalatA naTamala 1613 vi0 kathA 23. rAjA citramakUTa-rAnI candrakirana kI kathA prakAzita premAkhyAnakoM kI sa cI 1. padmAvata-malika muhammada jAyasIkRta, saM0--DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, pra0-sAhitya sadana, ciragA~va, jhA~sI, saM0 2012. 2. jAyasI-granthAvalI-saM0-AcArya rAmacandra zukla, pra0-nA0 pra0 sabhA, kAzI, saM0 2008. 3. maMjhanakRta madhumAlatI-saM0-DaoN0 zivagopAla mizra, hindI pracAraka . pustakAlaya, vArANasI, san 1957. . 4. chitAIvArtA-nArAyaNadAsakRta, saM0-DA0 mAtAprasAda gupta, .. saM0 2015. 5. rasaratana-puhukarakRta, saM0-DA0 zivaprasAda siMha, saM0 2020 ( donoM hI nA0 pra0 sabhA, kAzI se prakAzita ). 6. maMjhanakRta madhumAlatI- saM0-DA0 mAtAprasAda gupta, mitra prakAzana prA0 li0, ilAhAbAda, san 1961. 7. caMdAyana-maulAnA dAUda dalamaIkRta, saM0-DA0 paramezvarIlAla ... gupta, hiMdI graMtha ratnAkara prA0 li0, baMbaI-4, san 1964. 8. mAdhavAnala-kAmakandalA-gaNapati, kuzalalAbha aura dAmodara racita, saM0-ema0 Ara0 majUmadAra, oriyanTala iMsTITyUTa, bar3audA, san 1942.

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prAstAvika : 23 9. kutubanakRta mRgAvatI-saM0-DA0 zivagopAla mizra, hi0 sA0 sammelana, prayAga, zaka saM0 1885. 10. madhumAlatovArtA-caturbhujadAsakRta, saM0 --DA0 mAtAprasAda gupta, ___ nA0 pra0 sabhA kAzI, saM0 2021. 11. rukmiNIpariNaya-raghurAja siMha jUdevakRta, saM0-gaMgAviSNu, zrIkRSNadAsa lakSmI baiMkaTezvara, kalyANa-muMbaI, saM0 1981. 12. belikrisana rukmiNI rI-prithIrAjakRta, saM0-Ananda prakAza dIkSita, vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, gorakhapura. 13. kathA hIra rA~jhani ko-kavi gurudAsa guNIkRta, saM0-satyendra tanejA, paTiyAlA, san 1961. 14. virahavArIza mAdhavAnala kAmakandalA caritrabhASA-bodhAkRta, navalakizora presa, lakhanaU. 15. indrAvatI-nUramuhammadakRta, saM0-zyAmasundaradAsa, nA0 pra0 sabhA, kAzI. 16. DholA-mArU rA dUhA-nA0 pra0 sabhA se prakAzita. 17. anurAgabA~surI-nUramuhammadakRta, saM0 --rAmacandra zukla, candrabalI pAMDeya. 18. usamAnakRta citrAvalI--saM0-jaganmohana varmA. 19. citrarekhA-jAyasokRta, saM0-zivasahAya pAThaka, hindI pracAraka pustakAlaya, vArANasI. 20. bIsaladevarAsa-narapati nAlhakRta, saM0-mAtAprasAda gupta tathA agaracanda nAhaTA. inake atirikta uSAharaNa, rUpamaMjarI, bAta sayANI cAriNI rI, satyavato kA kathA, premadarpaNa, haMsajavAhira aura bhASA-premarasa Adi premAkhyAnaM bhI saMpAdita-prakAzita hue haiN| hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA ukta kArya premAkhyAnakoM kI paramparA ko jIvita rakhane ke lie Avazyaka hone kA sAtha-sAtha unakA adhyayana karane vAloM ke lie atyadhika mahattvapUrNa hai| premAkhyAnakoM ke saMdarbha meM zodhapUrNa kAryoM kI kamI barAbara akharatI hai| saMpAdita kAryoM kI sUcI meM saMpAdana aura zodhapUrNa bhUmikAoM ko prastuta karane meM sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa kArya 'rasaratana' ke sampAdaka DaoN0 zivaprasAda siha evaM 'caMdAyana' ke saMpAdaka DaoN0 paramezvarIlAla gupta kA hai|

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adhyAya 2 hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa premAkhyAnaka : paribhASA kA prazna premAkhyAnaka, premagAthA, premakahAnI aura prema-kathA lagabhaga ekArthavAcaka zabda haiN| premAkhyAnakoM ko hI katipaya vidvAnoM ne premagAthA kahA hai|' samAna artha vAle zabdoM ko paryAyavAcI zabda mAnA jAtA hai / mUlataH yaha vyavasthA kAmacalAU hI hai| AkhyAnaka zabda meM kathA, kahAnI, mAthA aura kathAnaka Adi sabhI artha antanihita haiM, jisakA ullekha hama Age kreNge| premAkhyAna zabda prema aura AkhyAna ke saMyoga se banA hai, yaha pratyakSa hI hai| ina donoM zabdoM kI alaga-alaga aura sammilita vyAkhyA se premAkhyAnaka kI paribhASA karane meM saralatA hogii| prema saMsAra kI eka aisI naukA hai, jisameM baiThakara saMsAra kI saira bhI kI jA sakatI haiM aura saMsAra se Uba hone para usase pAra bhI utarA jA sakatA hai| prema eka aisA bhAva hai jisa para kinhIM bAhya padArthoM kA prabhAva nahIM par3atA : . nUramuhammada prema para lahe na mantra na jantra / prema-pIra jahA~ Upaje, tahA~ na auSada mantra // prema kA prabhAva itanA divya hotA hai ki 'prema ke divya prabhAva se use (premI ko) apane Asa-pAsa cAroM ora saundarya kI chAyA phailI huI dikhAI par3atI hai, jisake bIca vaha bar3e utsAha aura praphullatA ke sAtha apanA karmasaundarya pradarzita karatA hai / yaha pravRtti isa bAta kA pUrA saMketa karatI hai ki manuSya kI aMtaHprakRti meM jAkara prema kA jo vikAsa huA hai vaha sRSTi ke bIca saundarya-vidhAna kI preraNA karane vAlI eka divya zakti ke rUpa meM hai| satya to yaha hai ki prema anubhUtiparaka hai / ataeva jisane jaisA anubhava kiyA usane apane DhaMga se 'prema' ko paribhASita kiyaa| priya se premI 1. DA0 satyendra, madhyayugIna hindI sAhitya kA lokatAtvika adhyayana, pR0 139. 2. DA0 saralA zukla, hindI-sUphI kavi aura kAvya, pR0 471 se uddhRta / 3. AcArya rAmacandra zukla, cintAmaNi, prathama bhAga, pR0 89.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 25 ko milanecchA hI prema hai| yaha prema premI aura premikA ko eka stara para lA khar3A karatA hai, jisase ve paraspara milakara ekAtma ho skeN| kucha logoM ke mata meM prema Ananda ( bhautika ) ke atirikta kucha nahIM hai| kArlameniMgara ke vicAra se do vyaktiyoM ke sammizraNa se prApta anubhatyAtmaka Ananda prema hai| parantu bhAratIya daSTikoNa isase bhinna hai| hamAre yahA~ isa prakAra ke Ananda ko 'kAma' saMjJA dI gaI hai| kAmazAstra-praNetA vAtsyAyana likhate haiM, 'sparzavizeSaviSayAttvasyAbhimAnikasukhAnuviddhA phalavatyarthapratItiH praadhaanyaatkaamH|' arthAt sparzAdika vizeSa kriyA se sukha ke sAtha jo phalavAn Ananda ko pratIti hotI hai, vaha kAma hai| kabIradAsa jI ne baMr3I hRdayasparzI ghoSaNA kI thI : pothI par3hi-par3hi jaga muA paMDita bhayA na koy| DhAI Akhara prema kA par3he so paMDita hoya // 4. 277. parantu isa 'DhAI Akhara' kI taha taka pahu~ca pAnA sabake vaza kI bAta nahIM / jAyasI isa prema kI utpatti 'virahajanya' mAnate haiM_ 'jaba lagi viraha na hoi tana, hiye na upajai prema' __-jAyasI, citrarekhA, 6. 98. aura jaba. viraha hone para 'prema' upaja gayA taba bhI kArya adhUrA hI rahatA 1. DA0 bhagavAnadAsa, sAiMsa Apha imozaMsa, pR0 27. "Love is the desire for union with the object loved, and therefore even tends to bring subject and object to one level in order that they may unite and become one." 2. kAlamenigara, lava agensTa heTa, pR0 27. "Love is experienced as a pleasure in proximity of a desire for fuller knowledge of one another, a yearing for mutual personality fusion." 3. vAtsyAyana, kAmasUtra, 1. 2. 12. 4. (a) saM0-DA0 zivasahAya pAThaka, citrarekhA, pa0 142. ___koTika pothI par3hi mare, paMDita bhA nahiM koi / . eka akSara prema kA par3he so paMDita hoi ||-ci0re0 51. (ba) saM0-DA0 zyAmasundaradAsa, kabIra granthAvalI, pR0 30.

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.26 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka hai arthAt use prema-rasa kA pAna nahIM hotaa| prema-rasa kA pAna to use ho hotA hai jo apanA hRdaya prema kI vyathA se usI prakAra cheda letA hai jisa prakAra ki ketakI ke kA~Te se bhauMrA apanA tana cheda DAlatA hai : bhaMvara bhayeu jasa ketaki kAMTA, so rasa pAi hoi gura caaNttaa| . -vahI, pR0 97. vAstava meM to isa prema ko vaho pA sakatA hai. jisakI paiTha atizaya gaharI ho sake / kavivara deva kI svIkArokti hai prema soM kahata kou-ThAkura na aiMTho suni| ... baiTho gAr3i gahare, to paiTho prema ghara meN|| ... isa prema-ghara taka pahuMcane kA mArga atyanta sugama bhI hai aura durgama bhii| . sugama taba hai jaba mana chala-kapaTa se rahita ho / ghanAnaMda ke zabdoM meM: ati sadho saneha ko mAraMga hai jahA~ neka sayAnapa bAMka nhiiN| tahaM sA~ce caleM taji Apanapo, jhijhake karpaTI je nisAMka nhiiN|| aura durgama taba hai jaba mana asthira ho, kapaTayukta ho| taba yaha mArga mRNAlatantu para AdhArita hotA hai| kisI kSaNa bhI prema-sar3aka rasAtala meM jA sakatI hai| ataeva yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki prema kA patha ati vikarAla hai| bodhA ne kahA hai : ati chona mRNAla ke tAraha te tehi Upara pAMva de Avano hai| saI veha te dvArasa kIna tahA~ paratIti ko TAMDo ladAvano hai| kavi bodhA anI ghanI tejahu teM car3hi tApai na citta DarAvano hai| yaha prema ko paMtha karAla mahA talavAra ko dhAra pe dhAvano hai // jo bhI ho, cAhe prema ke aneka rUpa hoM, athavA usake paMtha aneka hoM; phira bhI saccA prema sabho avasthAoM meM eka-sA rahatA hai / bhavabhUti ne likhA hai, saccA prema sukha duHkha meM advaita rahatA hai| vRddhAvasthA Ane para bhI premarasa meM koI nyUnatA nahIM aatii| samaya vyatIta hone para bAhyAvaraNoM ke haTa jAne se jo sneha kA sAra sthita rahatA hai, vahI saccA prema hai| 1. AcArya vizvanAtha prasAda mizra, ghanAnaMda ( sujAnahita ), padya 267, pR0 86.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 27 advaitaM sukhaduHkhayoranugataM sarvAsvavasthAsu yat, * vizrAmo hRdayastha yatra jarasA yasminnahAryo rsH| kAlenAvaraNAtyayAtpariNate yatsnehasAre sthitaM, .. bhadraM tasya sumAnuSasya kathamapyekaM hi tatprApyate // bhavabhUti ne prema ko sabhI avasthAoM meM advaita mAnA hai| isa rahasya kA nirguNiyA saMta kabIra ne udghATana kiyA hai : kabIra bAdala prema kA hama para varasyA Aya / aMtara bhIgyo AtmA, harI bhaI banarAi // 34 // 2 . (guru0 ko aMga ) jisakI AtmA hI prema meM DUba cuko ho, niHsaMdeha usakA prema advaita hogA / jo vyakti prema-zUnya hai use kabIra dhikkArate haiM : jihi ghaTi prIti na premarasa, phuni rasanA nahiM raam| te nara isa saMsAra meM, upaji bhaye bekAma // 17 // (sumi0 ko aMga ) prema-jagata kA vistAra itanA adhika hai ki use lipibaddha kara pAnA kaThina hai| ullekhanIya aura Azcarya kI bAta to yaha hai ki nirguNa saMtoM ne bhI 'prema' binA apanA nistAra saMbhanna nahIM smjhaa| astu, mukhyarUpa se ukta prema ko laukika evaM pAralaukika ina do bhedoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| premAkhyAnakoM kI paribhASA ke saMdarbha meM DaoN0 satyendra kA yaha kathana hai 'ugI ke ( nirguNadhArA ke ) sAtha prabandhakathAoM ko lekara eka kAvyadhArA aura khar3I huii| ina kathAoM meM premakathAoM kI pradhAnatA rhii| ye'premagAthAe~ kahalAtI haiN| phalataH mere vicAra se, jisa kahAnI, kathA, gAthA, lokavAtI athavA AkhyAnAdi meM saphala yA asaphala prema ko soddezya-pUrI bAta kahI jAye, use premAkhyAna ko saMjJA dI jAno caahie| Age 'AkhyAnaka' zabda ke artha para vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 1. bhavabhUti, uttararAmacarita, 1. 39. 2. saM0 - DA0 zyAmasundaradAsa, kabIra granthAvalI, pR0 3. 3. vahI, pR0 5. 4. DA0 satyendra, madhyayugIna hindI sAhitya kA lokatAtvika adhyayana, pa0 139,

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28 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindo premAkhyAnaka AkhyAna zabda kI vyutpatti (A+ khyA + lyuTa ( an ) bhAve ) kI gaI hai| sAmAnya aura vizeSa ke bheda se isake do artha kiye gaye haiM : (ka) sAmAnya artha : 1. kathana, nivedana, ukti. 2. kathA, kahAnI. 3. prativacana. 4. uttara ( yathA : anantyasyApi praznAkhyAnayoH )-aSTAdhyAyI, 8. 2. 105. (kha) vizeSa artha : 1. bhedaka dharma ( isa artha meM uparyukta 'lyuT' pratyaya 'bhAva' ( kriyApada se prakaTa hone vAlA karma ) artha na hokara 'karaNa' artha meM gRhIta hogA evaM 'AkhyAyate aneneti-AkhyAnam' yaha vyutpatti hogii|) isa zabda kA isa artha meM prayoga 'lakSaNetthaMbhUtAkhyAnabhAgavIpsAsu pratiparyanavaH' ( aSTAdhyAyI, 1. 4.90 ) meM huA hai|' 2. purAvRttakathana ('AkhyAnaM pUrvavRttoktiH' sA0 da0 ), aitihAsika kahAnI, paurANika kathA / ' vedoM meM Aye hue aise hI AkhyAnoM kA saMgraha 'purANasaMhitA' nAma se atharvaveda meM ullikhita hai| jaise, suparNa aura pururavA ityAdi ke AkhyAna Rgveda meM milate haiN| manusmRti ke tRtIyAdhyAya meM pitRzrAddha ke avasara para kiye jAne vAle karmoM ke vivaraNa meM likhA hai : svAdhyAyaM zrAvayetapitraye dharmazAstrANi caiva hi| AkhyAnAnItihAsAMzca purANAni khilAni ca // -manusmRti, 3. 232. isI para kullaka bhaTTa ne manvarthamuktAvalI meM vyAkhyAna likhate hue likhA hai : 'AkhyAnAni sauprnnmaitraavrunnaadiini|' 3. mahAbhArata ityAdi itihAsa grantha : aneka AkhyAnoM evaM upAkhyAnoM kA 'jaya' nAmaka itihAsa grantha meM ( vartamAna mahAbhArata ke mUla rUpa meM) saMgraha hone ke kAraNa hI parivaddhita mahAbhArata ko AkhyAna-kAjya kA nAma prApta huA hogaa| 1. dekhiye, tArAnAthakRta vAcaspatyam koza.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 29 4. ina mahAbhArata Adi ApakAvyoM ke sargoM meM varNita alaga alaga upAkhyAnoM ko bhI AkhyAna kahA jAtA thaa| isa artha ke prAmANya meM tArAnAtha ne svakRta 'vAcaspatyam' meM nimnalikhita zloka uddhRta kiyA hai : nAmAsya sargopAdevakathayA sarganAma tu| asminnArSe punaH sargA bhvntyaakhyaansNjnykaaH|| aura inakA udAharaNa dete hue likhA hai, 'yathA bhArate rAmo pAkhyAnaM, nalopAkhyAnaM ityAdi / (ga) hindI meM yaha zabda prAya: prAcIna kathAnaka yA vRttAnta ke ho __artha meM prayukta hotA hai| (gha) paryAya : kathA, kathAnaka, AkhyAyikA, vRttAnta ityAdi / (Ga) vyApaka artha : kahAnI, kathA aura isI artha meM uparyukta paryAya diye gaye haiN| isakA sImita artha hai aitihAsika kathAnaka, puurvvRtt-kthn| AkhyAna zabda ke uparyukta arthoM se AkhyAna ko vyApakatA para vizada prakAza par3atA hai| vAstava meM kahAnI, kathA, kathAnaka, AkhyAyikA aura vRttAnta ko AkhyAna ke paryAyavAcI mAna lene para usake artha-vistAra kA spaSTIkaraNa ho jAtA hai / saMbhavataH AkhyAna zabda ke ukta arthavistAra se kucheka logoM ko yaha saMdeha hogA ki phira kahAnI, kathA Adi kA bheda kaise jAnA jA sakemA ?' yahA~ maiM yaha kahanA cAhU~gA ki jahA~ kathA, kahAnI aura upanyAsa meM bheda hai, vahIM sabhI meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM kathA-tattva kA pAyA jAnA avazyambhAvI hai| ataeva AkhyAna ke arthavistAra ko bhI eka somita ghere meM dekhanA caahie| yahA~ maiM yaha bhI spaSTa kara dUM ki carita, purANa, kAvya, khaNDakAvya, rAso-rAsaka aura mahAkAvya taka ko ( yadi unameM premakathA kI pradhAnatA hai to ) premAkhyAna yA premAkhyAnaka kahane meM mujhe koI sImollaMghana kI bAta dRSTigocara nahIM hotii| isase koI sAhityika gatirodha bhI utpanna nahIM hotaa| hindI meM hindU aura sUpho do prakAra ke AkhyAnaka kAvya likhe gaye haiN| donoM hI prakAra ke AkhyAnakoM ke racayitA bhAratIya the| ataH una 1. DA0 AdyAprasAda mizra, hindI sAhityakoza, bhAga 1, pa0 88 se uddhRta.

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30 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka AkhyAnakoM ko bhAratIya kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha satya hai ki hindU kahe jAnevAle AkhyAnakoM meM bhAratIya saMskRti ke lokatattvoM, dantakathAoM athavA paurANika kathanoM se kathA kA saMyojana to kiyA ho gayA hai, dUsarI ora bhAratIya pariveza kA bhI pUrNa dhyAna rakhA gayA hai / sUfI AkhyAnoM meM aisI bAta nahIM hai| ina AkhyAnoM ke kathA-srota bhale hI bhAratIya hoM, kathA kI AtmA aura uddezya bhAratIyetara rahe haiN| jo ho, apane siddhAntoM ko udAra banAkara sUfiyoM ne hindI-sAhitya ko upakRta to kiyA hI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti aura sAhitya meM itara saMskRti aura . sAhitya ko khapAne kI kSamatA prArambha se hI rahI hai / hindI premAkhyAnakoM ko hindU aura sUfI ina do vargoM meM bA~TanA bahuta vaijJAnika nahIM pratIta hotA kyoMki dhArmika mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para sAhitya kA vargIkaraNa kathamapi ucita nahIM hai| vaise bhI zilpa kI daSTi se inameM koI vizeSa . antara bhI dikhAI nahIM pdd'taa| donoM hI apabhraMza kathAzilpa se pUrI taraha prabhAvita haiN| para sAhitya meM isa taraha ke vargIkaraNa calate rahe haiN| svayaM zukla jI ne 'hindU hRdaya' aura 'muslima hRdaya' kI bAta kahI hai| Age calakara harikAnta zrIvAstava ne bhAratIya AkhyAna-kAvya paramparA ko hindU aura sUfI vargoM meM bA~Ta diyA hai| maiM bhI suvidhA ke lie yaha vargIkaraNa svIkAra karake calA huuN| vaise merA uddezya,donoM hI prakAra ke AkhyAnakoM ke zilpa para apabhraMza kA prabhAva dikhAnA hI hai| hindU premAkhyAnakoM kI zreNI meM DholA-mArU rA dohA, vIsaladevarAso, sadayavatsa-sAvaliMgA, lakhamasena-padmAvatIkathA, satyavatI kI kathA, mAdhavAnala-kAmakandalA (gaNapati, kuzalalAbha, dAmodara aura ajJAta kavi dvArA racita ), premavilAsa, premalatAkathA, rUpamaMjarI, uSA ko kathA, beli kRSNa-rukmiNI rI, chitAIvArtA, rasaratana, nala-damayantIkathA, rukmiNImaMgala, naladamana, mAdhavAnala nATaka, puhupAvatI, caMdaku~vara rI bAta, nalacaritra, virahavArIza, nalopAkhyAna, madhumAlatI, nala-damayantIcarita, kAmarUpa-candrakalA ko prema kahAnI, uSAharaNa, uSAcarita, uSA kI kathA ( kavi rAmadAsakRta ), ramaNazAha-chabIlI-bhaTiyArI kI kathA, kAmarUpa kI kathA, rukmiNImaMgala, rukmiNIpariNaya, naladamayantI kI kathA ( ajJAta kavi ), premapayonidhi, bAta sAyaNI cAraNI rI aura rAjA citramukuTa aura rAnI candrakiraNa kI kathA Adi premAkhyAnaka Ate haiM /

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 31 inameM se katipaya premAkhyAnakoM kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| hindU premAkhyAnakoM kA saMkSipta paricaya DholA-mArU rA dohA-yaha loka-kAvya hai| isake racanAkAla ke saMbaMdha meM eka mata nahIM hai| DaoN0 satyendra isakA 1000 se Arambha aura satrahavIM zatAbdI meM antima rUpa mAnate haiN| DA0 harikAnta zrIvAstava 1000 se 1608 saM0 isakA racanAkAla mAnate haiN| DaoN0 motIlAla menAriyA saM0 1530, DA0 zambhUnAtha siMha 1450 saM0 se pUrva aura DaoN0 nAmavara siMha 15vIM zatAbdI isakA racanAkAla mAnate haiN| samaya nirdhAraNa ko mukhya kaThinAI kA kAraNa isakA kisI eka kavi kI racanA kA na honA hI rahA hai| niHsandeha isako kathA bar3o sarasa aura mArmika hai jo saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai : ___ naravara ke rAjA nala ko DholA nAmaka eka sundara putra thaa| eka bAra pUgala meM durbhikSa pdd'aa| vahA~ ke rAjA piMgala ne naravara meM Akara zaraNa lo / piMgala ke mAravaNI nAma kI eka padminI kanyA thii| yadyapi usa samaya DholA kI avasthA 3 varSa aura mAravaNo Der3ha varSa kI thI tathApi donoM ke abhibhAvakoM ne unako pariNayasUtra meM bA~dha diyaa| kAlAntara meM sukAla Ane para rAjA piMgala apane pUgala deza lauTa gyaa| putrI ke choTI hone ke kAraNa, usako bhI sAtha letA gyaa| DholA ke yuvaka hone taka vaha apane pIhara meM hI thii| idhara DholA kA vivAha mAlava ko rAjakumArI mAlavaNI se ho gyaa| mAravaNI ke parivAra meM isa vivAha ke samAcAra se ciMtA honA svAbhAvika hI thaa| ataH piMgala ne nala ke pAsa saMdezavAhakoM ko 1. saM0-zrI-rAmasiMha, sUryakaraNa pAroka aura narottama svAmI, nA0 pra0 sabhA, kAzI, I0 1934. 2. DA0 satyendra, madhyayugIna hindI sAhitya kA lokatAtvika adhyayana, pR0 226. 3. DA0 harikAnta zrIvAstava, bhAratIya premAkhyAna kAvya, pR0 34. 4. zrI motIlAla menAriyA, rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya. 5. DA0 zambhUnAtha siMha, hindI mahAkAvyoM kA svarUpa vikAsa, pR0 224. 6. DA0 nAmavara siMha, hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yoga, pR0 260.

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32 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka bhejaa| parantu mAlavaNI saMdezavAhakoM ko DholA se bheMTa hone ke pUrva hI maravA detI thii| eka bAra piMgala ne DhAr3hiyoM ko dUta banA kara bhejaa| mAlavaNI ne inheM dIna jAna kara nahIM maravAyA / DhAr3hiyoM se mAravaNI kA samAcAra jJAta karake DholA viraha se vyAkula ho gayA / DholA mAravaNI ke pAsa jAne ko taiyArI meM thA ki mAlavaNI ko mAlama ho gyaa| vaha caukannI ho gii| eka dina usake sone para DholA U~Ta lekara calA / parantu daivAt U~Ta ke bola uThane se vaha jAga gaI aura DholA ko rokane kA asaphala prayAsa kiyaa| isa para bhI mAlavaNI ne sugge ko par3hAkara bhejA ki rAste meM DholA ko saMdeza do ki mAlavaNI mara gii| parantu. DholA ne isa samAcAra ko bhI anasunA kara diyaa| premI ko premikA ke prApta karane meM yadi anekoM akalpita aura duHsAdhya bAdhAoM kA sAmanA na karanA par3e to vaha prema hI kyA ? zAyada isIlie DholA ke mArga meM eka ror3A aura A ttkraayaa| Umara sUmarA ne mAraMvaNI se pariNaya kA prastAva piMgala ko bhejaa| prastAva asvIkRta ho jAne para vaha jala utthaa| vaha mauke kI talAza meM rahane lgaa| Umara sUmarA ko jaba yaha patA calA ki DholA akele hI jA rahA hai to usane apane bhAgya ko sraahaa| usane DholA se milakara ghAta karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| DholA usakI cAla meM phaMsa gyaa| mAravaNI ko eka nartakI ne jo usake pohara kI ho thI, use Umara sUmarA ko cAla baMtA dii| mAravaNI ne UMTa ko char3I mAra kara bhagA diyA, jisase DholA use pakar3ane AyA to usane use rahasya batA diyA / ve U~Ta lekara bhAge / Umara sUmarA ne unakA pIchA kiyA / U~Ta ke paira ba~dhe hone para bhI vaha bar3I tejI se bhAga rahA thaa| mArga meM kisI cAraNa ke dhyAna AkRSTa karane para, U~Ta para baiThe ho baiThe usane apanI churI dvArA U~Ta kA bandhana kttvaayaa| aba UMTa aura bhI tejI se bhaagaa| Umara sUmarA hatAza hokara lauTa aayaa| naravara pahu~cakara DholA ne mAravaNI aura mAlavaNI donoM ko samajhAkara eka kara liyA aura sabhI sAtha-sAtha AnandapUrvaka rahane lge| vIsaladevarAso-vIsaladevarAso ke tIna saMskaraNa prApta haiN|' isake 1. (ka) saM0-satyajIvana varmA, kA0 nA0 pra0 sabhA se prakAzita, saM0 1982. (kha) saM0-DA0 mAtAprasAda gupta, hindI-pariSada, prayAga vizvavidyAlaya.. . (ga) saM0-DA0 tArakanAtha agravAla, hindI pracAraka, vArANasI, I0 1962.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 33 racayitA narapati nAlha nAmaka kavi haiN| rAjamatI kA viraha-varNana isameM bArahamAse ke mAdhyama se adhika ubharA hai| ise premakathAnaka athavA kAvya na mAnane vAloM kA kAraNa yuktiyukta sAtha hI sAmayika nahIM jAna pdd'taa| AcArya rAmacandra zakla ke lie 'yaha kAvyagrantha nahIM, kevala gAne ke lie likhA gayA thaa|'' 'na to isameM koI kAvyasauSThava hai aura na varNanoM meM kisI prakAra kI rocakatA milatI hai|'' jAna par3atA hai, bAta kucha dUsare DhaMga kI kaha dI gaI hai| AcArya vizvanAtha prasAda kA kathana hai ki anubhUtirahita yA hRdayahIna kAvya yaha nahIM hai| DaoN0 mAtAprasAda gupta isa racanA ko mahattvapUrNa mAnate haiM / vIsaladeva ke viyoga meM rAjamatI kA bArahamAsA hai, vaha lalita hai kintu prayAsa ke anantara jo donoM kA milana kavi ne varNita kiyA hai, vaha bhI bahuta sarasa hai| graMtha ke racanAkAla ke sambandha meM bhI pramANoM kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa matavaibhinya hai| zrI satyajIvana varmA isakA racanAsaM0 1212 mAnate haiM / DaoN0 tivArI ne vijolyAM ke zilAlekha kA pramANa dete hue vigraharAja tRtIya ko bhoja ke bhAI udayAditya kA samakAlIna siddha kiyA hai| bhoja kI putrI rAjamatI kA vivAha vIsaladeva tRtIya se siddha kiyA hai / unhoMne vigraharAja kA samaya 1150 aura grantharacanAsaM0 1272 mAnA hai / DaoN0 mAtAprasAda gupta ne saM0 1400 ke AsapAsa racanAkAla siddha kiyA hai| astu, isa viSaya meM vistAra Avazyaka nahIM hai / grantha kI saMkSipta kathA isa prakAra haiM : __ kavi kathA prArambha karane se pahale apano supta kAvya zakti ko punaH prApta karane ke lie gaNezajI aura sarasvatI kI vaMdanA karatA hai| dhArA nagarI meM rAjA bhoja kA rAja thA / inake assI sahasra hAthI aura 5 akSauhiNI senA thii| putrI rAjamatI ke vivAhayogya ho jAne ke kAraNa apanI rAnI ke prastAva para rAjA bhoja ne jyotiSI ko vara khojane ko 1. paM0 rAmacandra zukla, hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 30. 2. DA0 udayanArAyaNa tivArI, vIrakAvya, pR0 196. 3. A0 vizvanAthaprasAda mizra, hindI-sAhitya kA atIta, pR0 76. 4. DA0 mAtAprasAda gupta, hindI-sAhityakoza, bhAga 2, pR0 366 5. DA0 udayanArAyaNa tivArI, vIrakAvya, pR0 194. 6. DA0 mAtAprasAda gupta, hindI-sAhityakoza, bhAga 2, pR0 366. .3

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34 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka kahA / ajamera ke rAjA se vivAha taya huaa| samaya se bArAta rAjadvAra para phuNcii| cAroM ora svAgata meM harSollAsa kA vAtAvaraNa thA / bhAMvaroM ke samaya prathama phere meM rAjA bhoja ne apane jAmAtA vIsaladeva ko AlIsara tathA mAladeza de diyaa| dUsare phere meM rAnI sapAdalakSa deza, apAra dhanarAzi, toDA, TaMDaka, baMdI aura kUDAladeza detI hai| tIsare phere meM bhoja rAjamatI ke sAtha tAjI aura kekANa (ghor3e ) maMDIvara kA deza detA hai / cauthe phere meM use samasta gujarAta aura cittaur3a Adi milate haiM / isa prakAra bahuta se sAmAna dekara bhoja ne vIsaladeva ko vidA kiyaa| rAjamatI ko hAthI para baiThAkara vIsaladeva ajamera kI ora gyaa| rAste meM 'AnAsAgara' milatA hai / rAjA ajamera pahu~cakara sukhabhoga se rahane lagatA hai| mukhya kathA aba prArambha hotI hai| vIsaladeva ko adhika dhana milane se ghamaMDa ho gyaa| vaha eka dina rAnI rAjamatI se bhI ghamaMDa kI bAteM karane lgaa| rAjamatI ne bhI tAnA mArA ki garva nahIM karanA cAhie, ur3IsA ke rAjA to tumase kaI gune adhika dhanI haiN| rAjA ko Thesa phuNcii| unhoMne rAnI se pUchA ki tuma jaisalamera kI rahane vAlI ho, tumheM ur3IsA kA kaise patA calA ? isa para rAjamatI apane pUrvajanma kI kahAnI sunAtI hai ki maiM pUrvajanma meM hariNI thI aura ur3IsA ke jaMgaloM meM rahatI thii| ekAdazI kA vrata nirjala karatI thii| eka dina mujhe eka aherI ne bANa mAre aura maiMne jagannAtha jI ke sAmane apane prANa tyAga diye| unase yaha prArthanA bhI kI ki aba merA janma pUrva deza meM na ho, kyoMki vahA~ ke loga kharAba hote haiM aura acchI vastuoM kA bhoga nahIM krte| vIsaladeva ur3IsA jAne kA dRr3ha nizcaya karatA hai| rAjamato ke aneka prakAra se samajhAye jAne para tathA apanI bhAbhI dvArA bhI samajhAye jAne para vaha ur3IsA jAne kA nirNaya aTala rakhatA hai| vaha jyotiSI se jAne kA muhUrta pUchatA hai| parantu usa jyotiSI ko rAnI pahale hI manA letI hai ki muharta 4 pAha bAda kA nikaale| rAnI ne socA thA ki isa avadhi meM vaha apane pati ko manA legii| kintu koI lAbha nahIM huA / muhUrta Ane para vaha yAtrA para nikala pdd'aa| idhara jaise-jaise dina bItate haiM, rAnI kI vyathA bar3hatI jAtI hai / bArahamAse dvArA rAnI kI vyathA kA varNana kavi ne kiyA hai| 11 varSa

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 35 bAda rAno eka dUta apane pati ke pAsa bhejatI hai| vaha sAtaveM mAsa meM ur3IsA pahuMcatA hai / rAjA se rAjamatI kI zocanIya dazA kA varNana karatA hai| rAjA Ane ke lie vahA~ ke rAjA se kahatA hai| vahA~ kI rAnI kaI zAdiyoM kA pralobhana dekara rokane kA asaphala prayAsa karatI hai| vosaladeva vahA~ eka yogI ko rAnI ko avilamba apane pahuMcane kI sUcanA dene ke lie rAjI kara letA hai| yogI idhara se pahuMca rahA hai aura udhara rAjamatI kI bA~I bhajA aura bA~I A~kha phar3akane kA zubha zakUna hotA hai| yogI pahuMcakara rAnI ko sUcanA detA hai ki tumhArA pati tIsare dina taka A jaayegaa| ___ yogI ke kathanAnusAra rAjA tIsare dina pahu~ca jAtA hai| rAnI bahuta prasanna hotI hai| ajamera meM khuziyA~ manAI jAtI haiN| rAnI eka bAta se adhika prasanna hai| vaha kahatI hai ki pati kI anupasthiti meM use kisI prakAra kA kalaMka nahIM lagA / yadyapi eka kuTano ne use vicalita karane ko ceSTA ko thii| vIsaladeva ke A jAne para donoM sukhapUrvaka rahane lge| kavi apane grantha ko isa zubhakAmanA ke sAtha samApta karatA hai ki jisa prakAra rAjamatI rAnI apane rAjA se milI, isI prakAra isa saMsAra meM sabhI mileM / yahIM grantha samApta hotA hai| sadayavatsa-sAliMgA-isako racanA saMvat 1500 meM zrI kezava dvArA huii|' DaoN0 zyAma paramAra ne 'sAraMgA-sadAvaja' ke paricaya meM likhA hai : 'uttara bhArata kA yaha kathA-gIta gujarAta meM 'sadaivata (sadayavatsa)sAvaliMgA', chattIsagar3ha ke goMDA meM 'sadAviraja-sAraMgA' tathA mAlavA aura rAjasthAna meM 'sudabuda-sAraMgA' nAma se pracalita hai| jAyasI ne isa premakathA kA ullekha kiyA hai| abdula rahamAnaracita 'saMdezarAsaka' meM isakA ullekha AyA hai| chattIsagar3ha meM pracalita kathA uttara bhAratIya rUpa se tanika bhinna hai| usameM sAraMgA kA navalakhA hAra kahIM kho jAtA hai| sadAviraja aneka kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karake use khoja lAtA hai aura sAraMgA ko pradAna karatA hai| vastutaH kahAnI bahata purAnI hai| rAjasthAnI aura mAlavI meM isake AdhAra para aneka 'khyAla' aura 'mAca' ( loka nATya ) kI racanA huI hai| isa kathA kI lokapriyatA ke 1. DA0 satyendra, madhyayugIna hindI sAhitya kA lokatAtvika adhyayana, pR0 226. 2. DA0 zyAma paramAra, hindI-sAhityakoza, bhAga 2, pR0 588.

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36 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka viSaya meM zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne eka lekha meM likhA hai : 'sadayavatsakathA kA sarvAdhika pracAra rAjasthAna meM rahA pratIta hotA hai| kevala hamAre saMgraha meM ho isa kathA ko ( rAjasthAnI bhASA kI ) 12 pratiyA~ upalabdha haiN| bIkAnera kI anUpa saMskRta lAibrerI meM 12, sarasvatI bhaMDAra udayapura meM 5, kuMvara motIcanda jI ke saMgraha meM 3, bRhad jJAna bhaMDAra meM 3 prApta haiN| lakhamasena-padmAvatIkathA-isa kathA ke lekhaka dAmoM ne ise 'vIrakathA' kahA hai aura isakA racanAkAla jyeSTha vado navamI, dina budhavAra saM0 1516 likhA hai : saMvat panaraha solottarA/majhAri, jeSTha vadi navamI budhavAra / sapta tArikA nakSatra draDha jANi, vIra kathA rasa karU~ vakhANa // 4 // aisA lagatA hai ki vIrarasapradhAna racanA ke uddezya se dAmo ne kAvya ke prArambha meM hI yaha sUcanA de dI hai| jisa kAvya meM kumArI kanyA hI 101 rAjAoM ke vadha karane vAle se vivAha karane kI bAta kahe, usameM vIrarasa to pradhAna hogA ho| phira bhI yaha racanA premAkhyAna hai| racanA AkAra-prakAra meM laghu hai / prakAzita rUpa meM mAtra 34 pRSThoM kI racanA hai / kathA kA sArAMza isa prakAra hai : prArambha meM kavi zAradA mA~ aura vighnaharaNa gaNezajI kI vandanA karatA hai| svaracanA-samaya Adi likhakara kathA prArambha karatA hai| eka siddhanAtha nAma kA yogI thA jo ghara-ghara, grAma-grAm sarvatra vicaraNa karatA calatA thaa| ekabAra gar3hasAmora bhI vaha yogI AkAza mArga se phuNcaa| vahA~ kA rAjA haMsarAja thaa| yogI ne usakI manamohinI kanyA padmAvatI ko dekhA aura usa para mohita ho gayA / rAjakumArI se usane prazna kiyA ki tuma vivAhitA ho yA avivAhitA / sukumArI ne uttara diyA ki jo vyakti 101 rAjAoM kA vadha karegA maiM usI se zAdI kruuNgii| yogI isake upAya para vicAra karane lgaa| vaha to siddha thA hii| usane kisI eka kueM se gar3hasAmora taka suraMga bnaaii| gar3hasAmora ke rAjA 1. zrI agaracanda nAhaTA, rAjasthAna-bhAratI, apraila, I0 1950. 2. saM0--narmadezvara caturvedI, parimala prakAzana, prayAga, I0 1959. 3. dAmocarita, vahI, pR0 1.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 37 haMsarAya ko bAlA ko prApta karane ke lie candrapAla, candrasena, ajayapAla, dharapAla, hamIra, harapAla, daMDapAla, sahasapAla, vijayacaMdra Adi 99 rAjAoM ko suraMga vAle kue~ meM DAla diyaa| aba kumArI ke kathanAnusAra do rAjAoM kA lAnA zeSa thaa| ataH usI prayatna meM yogI eka vijaurA nIbU lekara lakhanautI ke rAjA lakhamasena ke pAsa paha~cA / vahA~ para AvAja lagAkara AkAza meM ur3a gyaa| pratihAra ne lakhamasena se kahA to unhoMne yogI ko khoja kii| yogI Akara vaha vijaurA nIba dekara phira gAyaba ho gyaa| isa camatkAra se lakhamasena usakI ora AkRSTa ho gayA aura apanA rAjapATa chor3akara vana meM calA gyaa| vahA~ yogo se bheMTa huii| rAjA ko pyAsa lagane para yogI use usI nirmita kueM para le gayA aura dhakkA dekara usI meM girA diyaa| lakhamasena ko suraMga meM par3e 99 anya rAjAoM se yogI ke chala kA patA cala gyaa| usane dhIre-dhIre sabhI rAjAoM ko bAhara kara diyaa| vaha svayaM vahA~ raha gyaa| isa bAta kA patA yogo ko bhI cala gyaa| yogI zoghra hI suraMga para pahu~cA aura eka 52 hAtha kI zilA kue~ para DhaMka dI jisase kueM meM aMdherA ho gyaa| lakhamasena ko bar3I ghuTana hone lagI aura vaha AtmahatyA kI socane lgaa| vaha kue~ se IMTeM ukhAr3ane lgaa| IMTe ukhAr3ate samaya use kucha prakAza dikhAI diyaa| ataeva use AzA ho gii| usane vahIM se mArga khoja nikAlA aura usase vaha eka sundara tAlAba para pahu~ca gyaa| vahA~ ke sundara dRzyoM kA avalokana karatA huA nikaTavartI nagara meM pahuMca gyaa| vahA~ usane apane ko lakhanautI ke lakhamasena kA pUrohita batAyA aura eka brAhmaNa ke ghara meM rahane lgaa| eka bAra vaha brAhmaNa use rAjadarabAra meM bhI le gyaa| bAda meM use vahIM purohita bhI niyukta karA diyaa| isI bIca padmAvatI ko usane dekhA, padmAvatI ne bhI use dekhA / padmAvatI usa samaya taka vivAha yogya ho calI thii| ataH usakA svayaMvara racA gyaa| anya rAjAoM ke sAtha hI lakhamasena brAhmaNa ke veSa meM AyA / rAjakumArI ne usI ko mAlA pahanA dii| sabhI loga bigar3a gye| usane apanI vIratA kA paricaya diyaa| kanakAvalI ke rAjA vIrapAla se usakA ghora yuddha huaa| anta meM usakA vAstavika paricaya mila jAne ke kAraNa padmAvatI kA vivAha usI ke sAtha sampanna huaa|

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38 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka dUsarI ora siddhanAtha yogI jo ki usakI vijaya se cir3hA thA, usane lakhamasena ko svapna diyA ki mujhe pAnI pilA nahIM to maiM tujhe zrApa duuNgaa| jisase rAjA Dara gayA aura padmAvatI se kahakara use pAnI pilAne cala pdd'aa| parantu yogI ne kahA ki merI AjJA mAnane kI pratijJA karo tabhI maiM pAnI piyuuNgaa| rAjA ne svIkAra kiyA / jaba rAjA ko putrotpanna huA to vaha use pUrva pratijJA ke anusAra yogI ke pAsa le gyo| yogI ne putra ke 4 Tukar3e karane ko khaa| zizu ke cAra Tukar3e kara diye gye| jisase prathama Tukar3e se eka dhanuSabANa nikalA, dUsare se eka talavAra nikalI, tIsare se eka dhotI aura cauthe se eka sundarI nikala pdd'ii| rAjA isa ghaTanA ke kAraNa marmAhata ho gayA aura ghara-bAra tyAgakara jaMgala kI rAha lI / vaha kAphI dUra nikala gayA / usane vahI dhotI pahana AkAza meM gamana kiyA aura kapUradhArA nagara meM pahu~cA, jahA~ kA rAjA candrasena thaa| vahA~ usane hariyA seTha ke. lar3ake ko jala meM DUbane se bacAyA / usI seTha ke yahA~ vaha rahane lagA aura taba usane vahA~ ko rAjakumArI caMdrAvatI kA darzana kiyaa| donoM eka-dUsare para Asakta ho ge| Age prema bar3hatA gyaa| ve cupake-cupake eka-dUsare se milane lge| jisakA bhaNDAphor3a hone se candrasena bahuta kruddha huA aura lakhamasena ko maravAnA cAhA / candrasena ko isakA vAstavika paricaya mila jAne para, donoM kA vivAha sampanna ho gyaa| padmAvatI bhI lakhamasena ke binA viraha meM chaTapaTA rahI thii| vaha sirpha eka bAra to avazya usase milanA cAhatI thii| isa kAraNa vaha anekoM prayatna kara rahI thii| isI bIca yogI aura lakhamasena kI bhiDanta ho jAtI hai| rAjA ne yogI ko mAra ddaalaa| phira padmAvatI aura lakhamasena eka-dUsare se milate haiM / padmAvatI kI bheMTa candrAvatI se hotI hai| lakhamasena apanI ina donoM patniyoM ko sAtha lekara apane zvasura haMsarAya ke yahA~ phNcaa| vahA~ se prasannatApUrvaka kueM ke mArga se punaH lakhanautI A gyaa| vahA~ Akara sabhI ke sAtha sukha se rahane lgaa| satyavatI kI kathA-saMvat 1558 meM IzvaradAsa dvArA praNIta isa racanA meM indra ke putra Rtuvana aura candrodaya ko putrI satyavatI kI kahAnI hai / yaha vizeSa mahattvapUrNa kRti nahIM hai| 1. hindustAnI patrikA, bhAga 7, pR0 81 meM prakAzita.

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- hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 39 mAdhavAnala-kAmakandalAprabandha'- madhyakAlIna premAkhyAnakoM meM kAmakandalA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / usa samaya yaha kathA itanI adhika lokapriya thI ki kaI kaviyoM ne ise apanI racanAoM kA viSaya bnaayaa| jisa mAdhavAnala-kAmakandalAprabandha ko yahA~ carcA kI jA rahI hai, vaha kavivara gaNapatikRta saM01584 kI racanA hai| isakA kathAsAra isa prakAra hai: sarvaprathama kavi ne ratipati madana kI vaMdanA kI hai taba phira sarasvatI aura gaNeza kI / abhidheya, prayojana, saMbandha aura kaviparicaya dene ke bAda prabandha kA prArambha kiyA hai| sarasvatI nadI ke tIra para zuka zaMkara jI kA tapa karatA hai / kAma kA AhvAna karatA hai / kAma se kara jor3akara prArthanA karatA hai ki 'kRpA karake mujhe diijie'| kAma prazna karatA hai 'kyA kAma hU~' / isake bAda vedavyAsavacana, kAma-yuddhaprayANa, kAmaprayoga aura usakI niSphalatA, rati-protsAhana tathA zuka-kAma saMvAda hotA hai| zuka kAma ko zrApa detA hai| kAma kI kRpAyAcanA para zApAnugraha hotA hai| isake bAda brahmazApa kA mAhAtmya batalAyA gayA hai| mAdhava kA janma hotA hai aura yakSiNI usakA haraNa kara le jAtI hai| kathA isa prakAra Age bar3hatI hai| puSpAvatI nagarI meM kAmasena nAma kA nRpa rAjya karatA thaa| usa nagarI meM eka brAhmaNa yuvaka rahatA thA jo madana ke samAna sundara thaa| usake saundarya para nagarAMganAe~ mugdha ho usake pIchepIche ho letI thiiN| nAgarikoM ne milakara rAjA se isakA samAdhAna karane ko khaa| rAjA ne isakI jA~ca kI to patA calA ki unakI svayaM kI strI kI bhI rujhAna udhara hone lagI to use dezanikAlA de diyaa| ___ mAdhavAnala dezATana karate hue amarAvatI phuNcaa| vahA~ ke rAjA ko jaba isake asAdhAraNa guNoM kA patA calA to rAjA ne ise apane darabAra meM sasammAna sthAna diyA / rAjA kI darabArI nartakI jisakA nAma kAmakandalA thA, sabhA meM nRtya kara rahI thii| eka SaTpada ne guMjAra ke sAtha nartakI kA vyavadhAna kiyaa| phira bhI vaha abAdhita nRtya karatI rhii| mAdhavAnala ne usako atyadhika prazaMsA kI aura use vahI upahAra de diyA jo rAjA ne use sasammAna bheMTa kiyA thaa| __ rAjA avilamba Akrozita ho uThA aura usane mAdhavAnala ko zahara 1. zrI ema0 Ara0 majUmadAra dvArA saMpAdita aura gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIz2a se prakAzita.

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40 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka chor3a dene kI AjJA dii| sundaratA usake lie aparAdha bana gaI thii| vaha . zahara chor3ane se pahale kAmakandalA se milaa| kAmakandalA ne use apane ghara Amantrita kiyaa| donoM hI usa mulAkAta se eka-dUsare ke prati prema meM Abaddha ho gye| donoM ne prema-pratijJAeM kIM aura duHkhita hRdaya donoM eka-dUsare se alaga ho gye| mAdhava ujjaina phuNcaa| vahA~ usane apane duHkha ko mahAkAlezvara ke maMdira kI dIvAla para likha diyaa| rAjA vikrama rAtri meM zahara kI jAnakArI ke lie paribhramaNa ko niklaa| vaha maMdira gayA taba vahA~ dIvAla para mAdhava dvArA likhita lAinoM ko par3hA / rAjA ne ina lAinoM ke lekhaka kA patA lagAne kA kAma eka vRddha rAjya karmacArI ko sauMpA / mAdhava kA patA lagA liyA gayA aura use rAjA vikrama ke sAmane peza kiyA gyaa| vikrama ne mAdhava ke prema ko dekha kAmakandalA ko use dilAne kA nizcaya kiyaa| aura yaha bhI nizcaya kiyA ki yadi kAmasena kAmakandalA ko nahIM degA to usase yuddha karake use lAyA jaayegaa| ' vikrama ne pahale kAmakandalA ke prema kI parIkSA lene kA vicAra kiyA / vaha chipakara kAmakandalA ke pAsa gayA aura apane lie usase icchA vyakta kii| usase yaha bhI kahA ki mAdhava kI mRtyu ho gaI hai| itanA sunate hI kAmakandalA aceta hokara maraNAsanna ho gaI / rAjA ko isake prema para vizvAsa ho gayA / taba usane vApisa hokara mAdhava ko bhI parIkSA lii| mAdhava ko bhI vahI dazA huii| haaii| / vikrama apane isa kRtya para hArdika pazcAttApa karane lge| ve isa soca meM par3a gaye ki unheM eka strIhatyA aura brahmahatyA kA pApa lgegaa| itane meM unake eka mitra vetAla kI zakti ne paraloka se Akara isa saMkaTa kA nivAraNa kiyaa| donoM premiyoM ko punaH milA diyaa| vikrama ne una donoM kI zAdI khUba sajadhaja aura dhUmadhAma se kii| donoM premI-premikA Ananda aura sAmAjika pratiSThA ke sAtha jIvana yApana karane lge| ___ isa kAvya kI katipaya apanI vizeSatAe~ haiN| prathama to kAvya kA Arambha kAmadeva kI stuti se kiyA gayA hai| prabandha ke dvitIya aMga meM kalA-abhijJAna, kAmakandalA kA nakhazikhAnta varNana, tRtIya aMga meM puSpAvatI nagarI kA vistRta varNana, caturtha aMga meM camatkAra, mAdhavavazI

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 41 karaNa prayoga, paMcama aMga meM kAmakandalAnatya-prasaMga, vastraparidhAna, kezaprasAdhana, keliyuddha, SaSTha aMga meM vezyAvyavasAya, dvAdazamAsavirahavarNana, padminIcarita, zubhazakunasUcaka, saptama aMga meM vikaTamArga-varNana, mahAvana-praveza, kAmAmRta-prayoga, mAdhava-kAmakaMdalA-milana aura aSTama aMga meM madanAvAsasAmagrI-varNana aura dvAdazamAsabhoga-varNana vizeSa draSTavya tathA mahattvapUrNa aMza haiN| mAdhavAnala-kAmakandalA-yaha ajJAta kavi dvArA racita saM0 1600 ko racanA hai| yAjJika saMgraha, lakhanaU meM isakI prati surakSita hai| isameM mAdhava aura kAmakandalA kI prasiddha kathA vaNita hai| jaisA ki likhA jA cukA hai ki kisI samaya mAdhava aura kAmakandalA kI kathA atyadhika pracalita thii| isIlie kaI kaviyoM ne apane kAvyoM kA ise upajIvya bnaayaa| gaNapatikuta aura eka ajJAta kavikRta ukta kathA kA paricaya abhI karAyA gayA hai| kuzalalAbhakRta kAmakandalAcaupaI saM0 1613 meM likhI gii| dUsarI racanA eka saMskRta meM milatI hai jo saMskRta gahA-padya mizrita hai / isake racanAkAra kA nAma Anandadhara hai| kRti kA mAdhavAnalAkhyAnam, mAdhavAnalanATakam aura mAdhavAnalakathA nAma diyA huA hai| racanAkAra grantha-samApti para likhatA hai ki jo isa kathA ko sunatA hai use kabhI viraha-duHkha nahIM A sktaa| saM0 1737 meM isI kathA ko lekara dAmodara kavi ne bhI mAdhavAnala-kAmakandalAkathA likhii| kavivara dAmodara viracita kathA meM kahA gayA hai ki rAjA govindacandra kI samrAjJI mAdhava para Asakta ho gii| mAdhava se usane prema 1. DA0 zivaprasAda siMha dvArA saMpAdita rasaratana, pR0 67 ( bhUmikA ) se uddhRta.. 2. ye racanAe~ gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIz2a meM prakAzita haiM. 3. vahI. 4. Anandadhara viracita kAmakandalAkhyAnam, pR0 379. mAdhavAnalasaMjJaM hi nATakaM zRNuyAnnaraH / na jAyate punastasya duHkhaM virahasaMbhavam // 233 // 5. gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIz2a meM prakAzita.

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42 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka prastAva kiyaa| mAdhava ke asvIkAra kara dene para usane rAjA se kahakara (ki sAre nagara ko striyA~ isake pIche-pIche ghUmatI haiM, isakA AcaraNa ThIka nahIM hai Adi ) mAdhava ko dezanikAlA dilavA diyaa| mAdhava idharaudhara bhaTakatA phirA / vaha vINA vAdana meM pravINa thaa| kAmAbatI nagarI ke rAjA kAmasena ko apane guNoM se prabhAvitakara unake darabAra meM sammAna pAtA hai| unake yahA~ kI vezyA kAmakandalA se prema karane para vahA~ se bhI niSkAsita hotA hai| ujjaina pahu~cakara rAjA vikrama kI sahAyatA se kAmakandalA ko prApta karatA hai aura sukha ke sAtha bhoga karatA hai| 'ina racanAoM ke atirikta zrI yogendrapratApa siMha ne kucha anya racanAoM kI sUcanA dI hai| ve likhate haiM : 'inake atirikta .avadhI meM racita AlamakRta 'mAdhavAnalabhASA' adhika prasiddha huI hai / Alama ke pazcAt bodhA kavi ne bhI samAna nAmaka vezyA ko sambodhita karake khetasiMha ke manoraMjanArtha eka anya 'mAdhavAnala-kAmakandalA' kI racanA ko thii| san 1812 I0 meM harinArAyaNa kavi dvArA bhI 'mAdhavAnalakAmakandalA' ke praNayana kA ullekha milatA hai| ina samasta racanAoM meM AlamakRta 'mAdhavAnalabhASA' sarvottama kaho jA sakatI hai| isakA racanAkAla saM0 1640 hai'| buddhirAso-yaha eka premakathA hai| isakI prati mere dekhane meM nahIM AI / ataH isake viSaya meM adhika nahIM likhA jA sktaa| isake viSaya meM hindI-sAhityakoza meM jaisA likhA hai vaha isa prakAra hai : 'jalha kI kRti baddhirAso kA racanAkAla anizcita hai| kRti kI hastalikhita prati san 1647 I0 kI likhI huI milatI hai| 'buddhirAso' eka premakathA hai, jisameM campAvatI nagarI ke rAjakUmAra aura jaladhitaraMginI nAmaka sundarI ke prema-viyoga aura punarmilana kI sarasa kathA hai| hindI kI menAsana jaisI premakathAoM ke samAna hI kathA kI rUparekhA hai / kRti ke jo uddharaNa prakAzita hue haiM unake AdhAra para kRti kI bhASA pRthvIrAjarAso jaise granthoM meM prApta bhASA se bahuta bhinna nahIM lgtii| kintu pRthvIrAjarAso 1. hindI-sAhityakoza, bhAga 2, pR0 417. 2. vahI, pR0 366-67.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 43 ko bhASA kI kRtrimatA usameM nahIM milato / dohA, chappaya, gAhA, pAghar3I, motIdAma, muDilla Adi chandoM kA prayoga kRti meM huA hai| kRti meM 140 chanda haiM / kathA aura kAvya kI daSTi se kRti kA jitanA mahattva hai usase adhika bhASA kI daSTi se hai| apabhraMza ke cinhoM se mukta use rAjasthAnI vrajabhASA kahA jA sakatA hai|' madhamAlatIvArtA -caturbhujadAsa ke isa grantha ke racanA-saMvat ke viSaya meM Thoka-ThIka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ise 1837 saM0 kA mAnA gayA hai| isI kathA meM kucha saMzodhana karake mAdhavazarmA ne bhI isI nAma kI racanA kI thii| madhumAlatIvArtA meM vizeSa draSTavya yaha hai ki isameM janmAntara ko kathA kA bhI ullekha hai, jo ki eka kathAnaka-rUr3hi hai| avAntara kathAoM ke mAdhyama se kathA kA vistAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM pazu-pakSiyoM kI kahAnI ko bhI sthAna milA hai| yaha kathA pUrNarUpeNa bhAratIya hai, kintu eka bAta avazya aisI hai jo khaTakatI hai| vaha yaha ki mAlatI jaba zikSAgrahaNa karane guru ke pAsa baiThatI hai to pardA lagAyA jAtA hai / yaha parde kI prathA to mugaloM kI dena hai aura phira guru ke sAmane pardA lagAkara par3hane baiThanA aTapaTA lagatA hai| yaha avazya hI videzI prabhAva hai| kavi ne apanI racanA ko kAmaprabandha kahA hai / kAma prabaMdha prakAsa phUni madhamAlatI vilAsa / pradumana kI lIlA iha kahata caturbhuja dAsa // 647 // aMtima dohe meM racanA kI vizeSatA para bhI kavi ne prakAza DAlA hai| __rAjA par3he so rAja gati maMtrI par3he tAhi buddhi / kAmo kAma bilAsa rasa gyAnI gyAna saMsuddha / / 648 // kathA isa prakAra hai : Arambha meM kavi gaNezajI kI stuti karatA hai / lIlAvato. nAmaka eka sundara deza thaa| vahA~ kA rAjA candrasena bahata vaibhava vAlA thA / usakA tAranasAha nAma kA eka buddhimAna mantrI thaa| rAjA ko cAra rAniyA~ thiiN| parantu mAlatI nAmaka mAtra eka kanyA santAna thI jo atyadhika sundara thii| isI prakAra mantrI ko bhI eka putra hI thA jise vaha madhu kahatA thaa| jaba madhu bar3A huA to vaha mAna 1. caturbhujadAsakRta madhumAlatovArtA, DA0 mAtAprasAda dvArA saMpAdita aura kAzI __ nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA dvArA prakAzita, saM0 2021.

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44 : "apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka sarovara para jAne lgaa| mAlatI bhI vahA~ AtI thii| madhu ko dekhakara mAlatI ke mana meM usake prati anurAga ho gyaa| anya striyA~ bhI jo mAnasarovara para jala lene AtI thIM usapara mugdha hotI thiiN| __ tAranasAha ne apane ghara para hI putra kI zikSA prArambha kara dI / rAjA ne mAlatI kI zikSA ke lie mantrI se salAha lI to usane mAlatI ko naMda ke yahA~ ho par3hAne ko salAha dii| mAlatI ko jaba nanda par3hAte the, bIca meM eka pardA rahatA thA jisakI oTa meM mAlatI baiThatI thii| madhu nanda ke pAsa baiThatA thaa| ____eka dina gurujI kI anupasthiti meM mAlatI ne pardA haTAkara madhu ko dekhA / vaha tatkAla usapara mugdha ho gaI aura apanA prema prakaTa kiyaa| madha ne kahA ki maiM mantrI kA putra hU~, tuma rAjA kI knyaa| ataH sambandha nahIM ho sktaa| isa bAta kI puSTi meM usane siMhinI aura maga ko mAra DAlane kI kathA kA ullekha kiyaa| ataH hama logoM meM bhI vaiSamya ke kAraNa sambandha kaise ho sakatA hai| isI taraha maMga ke siMhinI se pUchane para ghUhar3a-kAga virodha kI eka kathA sunAI / ina kathAoM se madhu ne viSamatA ke sambandha duHkhadAyI hote haiM yaha mAlatI ko btaayaa| parantu mAlatI ne kathA meM sudhAra karake batAyA ki sihinI ne apane prema ko prANa dekara bhI nibhAyA / jaba siMha mRga ke prANa le rahA thA taba siMhinI mRga ke sIMgoM para jA par3I aura maga ko mRtyu se pahale hI apane prANa tyAga diye / isa prakAra siMhinI ke prema ko saccA pramANita kiyaa| isake bAda mAlatI ne madhu ko napati ku~vara karNa aura padamAvatI kI kathA sunaaii| napati ku~vara ne mana meM nizcaya kara rakhA thA ki jo strI usase prema karane ke uddezya se Age bar3hegI vaha usI se prema kregaa| usane apane isa haTha para sATha vivAha kie| kintu eka bhI strI ne prathama milana para praNayAnurodha nahIM kiyA / ataH usane sabhI striyoM ko chor3a diyaa| usake guNoM ko prazaMsA soraTha kI rAjakanyA padmAvatI taka phuNcii| usane nRpati ku~vara se hI vivAha karane kI pratijJA kii| use samajhAyA gayA parantu vaha nahIM maanii| vivAhoparAnta padmAvatI bhI pUrva sATha patniyoM ke samAna hI chor3a dI jaatii| parantu usakI cainarekhA nAmaka sakhI ne samaya para sahAyatA kI / usane chipakara eka gulAbabharI picakArI padmAvatI ko mArI, jisase vaha acAnaka nRpati ku~vara ke gale se lipaTa

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- hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 45 gaI / nRpati ne ise usakA praNaya-nivedana samajhA aura phira keli-krIr3A kii| mAlato ve madhu se kahA ki Apane bhI nRpati ku~vara jaisA haTha ThAna rakhA hai| puruSa ko to strI ke saMketa mAtra para Age bar3hanA caahiye| kisI prakAra bhI mAlatI kA Agraha madhu ne svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| vaha bAra-bAra sambandha kI viSamatA ko hI asamarthatA btaataa| anta meM mAlatI ke na mAnane para usane nanda ke yahA~ par3hanA ho chor3a diyaa| __madhu akelA ho gulela lekara mAnasarovara para jaataa| parantu vahA~ bhI nagara kI striyA~ pAnI bharane ke misa Ane lgii| mAlatI ko bhI yaha samAcAra milA / vaha bhI Ane lgo| usane yaha socakara ki akele ke kahane se madhu nahIM mAnegA usane apanI sakhI jaitamAla ko sthiti se avagata karAyA / jaitamAla vahA~ pahu~cI aura madhukara ko lakSya karake madhu ko usI kI niSThuratA para vyaMgya sunAne lagI / isI prakAra usane Age calakara madhu aura mAlato ke pUrvajanma ke sambandhoM kA smaraNa kraayaa| usane kahA Apa donoM madhukara aura mAlatI the tathA maiM sevatI thii| prathama himapAta ke kAraNa aura phira vana meM Aga lagane se vaha jhulasa gaI tho| madhukara use chor3akara calA gayA thaa| sevatI dvArA sevA kiye jAne para vaha Thoka haI parantu madhukara ke viraha meM usane apane prANa taja diye| isake bAda jaitamAla ne samajhAyA ki vahI madhukara Apa madhu aura vahI mAlatI mAlatI ke rUpa meM avatarita huI hai| ataH pUrvabhava kA prema nibhAnA caahiye.| madhu ko pUrva bhava kA to smaraNa ho AyA parantu usane sambandhavaiSamya kI apano Teka ko nahIM chodd'aa| isI bIca jaitamAla ne solaha zRMgAra se sajI mAlatI ko madhu ke sAmane kiyaa| mAlatI ne mohana aura vazIkaraNa mantra kA prayoga kiyaa| madhu aba usake vaza meM ho gayA / jaitamAla ne donoM kA gaThabandhana kara diyaa| ve donoM mAnasarovara ke pAsa kI vATikA meM jaitamAla ke sAtha hI rahane lage / mAlatI ne isa bAta ko rAjA taka pahu~cA diyaa| rAjA ne mAlatI kI mA~ kanakamAla se sArA vRttAnta kahA aura unako maravAne ke apane nizcaya se unheM avagata kraayaa| rAnI ne yaha sUcanA guptarUpa se mAlatI ke pAsa bheja dii| mAlatI ne madhu ko kahIM cale calane ko khaa| madhu apanI haTha para ar3A rahA ki vaha akele apanI gulela se sabako bhagA degaa| mAlatI ne madhu ke vahA~ se Tasa se masa na hone ke nizcaya ko

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46 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka jAna zaMkara aura sUryAdi devatAoM ko prArthanA ko| madha ne akele hI rakSA meM samartha hone ke sandarbha meM malayaMda suta kI kathA mAlato ko sunAI jisane mantrI kanyA rUparekhA ke sAtha vATikA meM vihAra kiyA thaa| vahA~ acAnaka siMha ke AkramaNa karane para bhI usane apanI AtmarakSA kI thii| rAjA ne madhu kA vadha karane ke lie padAtikoM ko bhejA / madhu ne una sabako gulela se hI bhagA diyaa| punaH rAjA ne eka hajAra ghur3asavAroM ko bhejA, parantu isa bAra bhI madhu ne unheM bhagA diyaa| jaitamAla. bar3I nipuNa sakhI thii| usane socA ki aba rAjA bahuta bar3I senA bhejegA / ataH madhu-mAlatI ne jaitamAla kI salAha se bhramara-mAlato-kUla kA vistAra kiyaa| mAlatI kI sugandha se saikar3oM bhramara A gye| isa bAra rAjA ne pA~ca hajAra senA bhejI, parantu bhramarakUla unase cipaka gayA aura sainikoM ke chakke chUTa gye| phira rAjA ne svayaM yuddha karane kI tthaanii| vaha apane hAthI-ghor3oM para camar3e mar3havAkara yuddha meM aayaa| isa bAra mAlatI ghabar3A gaI to jaitamAla ne kahA ki madhu kAma evaM pradyumna kA avatAra hai ataH kRSNa ko yAda karane se ve avazya sahAyatA kreNge| madhu-mAlatI ne aisA hI kiyaa| kRSNa ne sahAyatArtha do vizAlakAya bhAraNDa pakSiyoM ko aura ziva-durgA ne eka siMha ko bhejaa| inake A jAne se rAjA madhu-mAlatI kA kucha nahIM bigAr3a skaa| rAjA isa hAra se bahata vyagra haA aura apane mantrI tAranasAha se yaha samasyA hala karane ko kahA / mantrI ko durgA kA vara prApta thA ataH unhoMne siMha aura bhAraNDa pakSiyoM ko roka diyaa| tAranasAha kI prArthanA para durgA ne sAkSAt prakaTa hokara rAjA kI bhUla batAI / use batAyA ki madhu devAMza hai, sAdhAraNa vyakti nhiiN| isake bAda rAjA ne apanI bhUla para pazcAttApa kiyA aura kSamAyAcanA ko tathA mAlatI aura jaitamAla kA vidhivat vivAha karake unheM sArA rAjapATa sauMpa diyaa| svayaM vaha gokulavAsa ke lie calA gyaa| isa prakAra kathA kA anta huaa| rUpamaMjarI-prastuta racanA nandadAsakRta saM0 1625 kI racanA hai| nirbhayapura ke rAjA kI kanyA kA vivAha eka krUra kupuruSa se huA thaa| apanI sakhI kI salAha se apane pUrva pati ko chor3akara. vaha kRSNa se prema karane lgii| anta meM kRSNa use prApta hue| hindI-sAhityakoza meM zrI

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* hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 47 brajezvara varmA ne isa kRti ke viSaya meM likhA hai : 'rUpamaMjarI' eka choTA sA kathA-kAvya hai, jisameM eka sundara strI ke saundarya tathA laukika prema ko chor3akara kRSNa ke prati usake 'jArabhAva' ke prema tathA usakI eka sakhI indumatI ke sAtha usake sambandha kA varNana hai / kAvya kI nAyikA rUpamaMjarI svayaM nandadAsa kI mitra rUpamaMjarI hai aura sakhI svayaM nandadAsa haiN| yadyapi rUpamaMjarI kA kathAnaka laukika zRMgAra se sambaddha hai kintu usameM nandadAsa ne apane AdhyAtmika bhAvoM tathA premalakSaNA-bhakti ke antargata parakIyA prema ke Adarza ko spaSTa kiyA hai| kAvyakalA kI dRSTi se yaha racanA utkRSTa hai| beli kRSNa-rukmiNI rI-isakI racanA saM0 1637 meM pRthvIrAja rAThaura ne kii| isakI mUlakathA kA AdhAra bhAgavata hai, jisakA ullekha lekhaka ne svayaM kiyA hai : . . vallI tasu bIja bhAgavata vAmo mahi thANo pRthudAsa mukha / mUla tAla jala aratha maNDahe suthira karaNi car3hi chA~ha sukha // 291 // bhAgavata ko kathA aura veli kI kathA meM antara hai| kAraNa ki bhAgavata ko . kathA pUrNa bhaktiparaka hai aura yaha kathA premakathA hai| isameM SaDRtu-varNana aura rukmiNI ke saundarya ke varNana aMza bar3e hI rocaka haiN| isa kRti ko mukhya vizeSatA yaha hai ki racayitA ne grantha-racanA tathA apane sambandhoM kA khulakara paricaya diyA hai| bhASA ke viSaya meM bhI kavi kahatA hai ki usakI lekhanI aura vANI bhASA meM, saMskRta aura prAkRta sabhI meM eka samAna calatI hai| Age kahatA hai ki jyotiSI, vaidya, paurANika, yogI, saMgItajJa, tAkika, cAraNa-bhATa tathA bhASA meM vicitra racanA karanevAle.sukavi jaba. ekatrita hoMge taba isake pUre artha taka pahu~ca 1. naMdadAsa, rUpamaMjarI, brajezvara varmA-hindI-sAhityakoza, bhAga 2, pR0 226 2. pRthvIrAja rAThaura, saM0-zrI kRSNazaMkara zukla, sAhitya niketana, kAnapura se prakAzita. 3. veli kRsana rukmiNI rI, zrI kRSNazaMkara zukla dvArA saMpAdita, sAhitya niketana, kAnapura, pR0 113. 4. vahI, pR0 114.

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48 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka sakate haiN| apanI racanA kI zreSThatA siddha karane ke lie kavi ne kRti ko bhAgIrathI se bhI bar3hakara kahA hai| vaha kahatA hai : re bhAgIratho ! tU garva mata kara / merI veli kI tujhase kyA samatA ? cU~ki tU hara aura hari donoM ke Azrita hai, jo tairanA nahIM jAnate unheM DubA detI hai / tU eka deza meM ho pravAhita hotI hai| parantu merI veli ThIka isase viparIta kAma arthAt sabhI ko pAra kara detI hai : ve hari hara bhaje atArU bor3e te grava bhAgIrathI ma tuuN|' eka desa bAhaNoM na ANAM surasari sama sari beli sUM // 290 // racanA kI kathA isa prakAra hai : vidarbha deza ke kundanapura nAmaka nagara meM rAjA bhISmaka rAjya karatA thaa| usake 5 pUtra aura lakSmI ke samAna rukmiNo nAmaka kanyA thii| kanyA ati zIghra yauvana ko prApta huii| ataH mAtA-pitA ne zrIkRSNa se zAdI karane kA nizcaya kiyA / rukmiNI apane pUrva janma kI bAta yAda karake kRSNa se hI vivAha karanA cAhatI thii| ataH vaha saphalatA ke lie mahAdeva aura pArvatI kA pUjana karane lgii| jaba usake bhAI rukma ko isa zAdI ke nizcaya kA patA calA to usane gAya carAnevAle kRSNa se zAdI karane kA virodha kiyaa| apane mAtApitA kI paravAha na karate hue usane zizupAla ke pAsa tilaka lekara purohita ko bheja diyaa| zizupAla anya rAjAoM ke parikara ke sAtha kundanapura kI ora ravAnA huaa| vahA~ usake svAgata kI taiyArI hone lgii| rukmiNI ina sabhI bAtoM se bahuta ghbdd'aaii| usane nakha ko lekhanI aura kAjala kI syAhI se patra likhakara rAste meM jAte hue brAhmaNa pathika ko dekara zrIkRSNa ke pAsa bhejaa| brAhmaNa svayaM citita thA kyoMki samaya itanA kama thA ki mathurA nahIM pahu~cA jA sakatA thaa| vaha kundanapura ke bAhara eka vRkSa ke nIce so gyaa| prAtaHkAla jaba usakI A~kha khulI taba usane isa camatkAra ke rahasya ko jAnA / kRSNa ke yahA~ jAkara patra diyaa| zrIkRSNa avilamba ratha lekara cala pdd'e| kundanapura pahu~cakara rukmiNI ko sUcanA bhejI / rukmiNI apanI sakhiyoM ke sAtha mandira gii| usake sAtha jo sainika yoddhA gaye the ve usake rUpa ko dekhakara macchita ho gaye / itane meM zrIkRSNa ne AkAza mArga se apanA ratha pRthvI para utArA aura rukmiNI kA hAtha pakar3akara ratha meM biThAyA tathA lekara cala pdd'e| isake pUrva 1. vahI, pR0 116.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 49 rukmiNI ko bahuta bhaya thA ki kRSNa AyeMge yA nahIM / parantu bAIM ora se chIMka kA honA aura isI prakAra ke anya zubha zakuna hue to use kucha sAntvanA huii| ___jaba kRSNa ne apanA ratha daur3AyA to cAroM ora se AvAja AI ki daur3o re daur3o, mAdhava rukmiNI kA haraNa kara bhAga rahA hai| isa AvAja ko sunakara rukma ke sainikoM ne pIchA kiyaa| ve sainika kaha rahe there gvAle ! yaha mAkhana kI corI nahIM hai / yaha gUjarI nahIM hai| isa prakAra yuddha huaa| balarAma bhI apanI choTI-sI senA ke sAtha yuddha meM pahu~ca hI cake the| unhoMne zizapAla ke chakke chaDA diye| rukmiNI kA bhAI rukma bar3e dAve ke sAtha yaha kahatA huA Age bar3hA ki abalA ko pakar3akara le jA rahe ho; merA sAmanA karane para patA clegaa| kRSNa ko krodha A gayA parantu rukmiNo ke mana kA bhAva samajhakara use jAna se nahIM mArA / niHzastra karake usake bAla mur3A die| rukmiNI kA mana isase khinna huA ataH usane usake sara para hAtha rakha diyA to phira turanta usake sira para vaise hI bAla A ge| udhara zrIkRSNa ko jaba dvArikA pahu~cane meM dera haI to pUrajana cintita hue / itane meM hAtha meM harI DAliyA~ lie kucha pathikoM ko AtA dekha loga samajha gaye ki kRSNa A rahe haiM / ataH nagarI ke eka ora se nAriyA~ aura dUsarI ora se puruSa paMktibaddha ho zrIkRSNa ke svAgata meM A rahe the| aisA lagatA thA dvArikApurI donoM bhujAeM phailAye kRSNa kA AliMgana karane ko taiyAra ho / jisa prakAra samudra meM nadI praveza karatI hai usI prakAra balarAma aura kRSNa ne dvArikA meM praveza kiyaa| __ vasudeva-devakI ne jyotiSI ko bulAkara vivAha kI anya rasmeM pUrI kii| isake pazcAt vara-vadhu keligaha meM cale gaye / keligaha kA varNana kavi ne apanI lekhanI se nahIM kiyaa| vaha bar3I sajha ke sAtha kahatA hai ki Age kI kathA devoM aura RSiyoM ne bhI nahIM jAna pAI to maiM usakA varNana kaise kara pAtA : ekanta ucita krIr3A cau Arambha dIThI su na kihi deva duji / adiTha azruta kima kahaNo Avai, sukhate jANaNahAra suji // 173 //

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50 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka isa prakAra kRSNa ora rukmiNI sukha ke dina bitAne lge| isake bAda SaDRtuoM ke Agamana kA sundara varNana hai / vasantu Rtu meM kAmadeva ne Akara rukmiNI ke garbha meM vAsa kiyaa| samaya Ane para kRSNa ko pradyumna nAmaka putra kI prApti huii| Age calakara pradyamna ko bho aniruddha nAmaka putra huA jisakA vivAha vANAsura kI kanyA uSA se huaa| anta meM kavi grantha kA upasaMhAra ke sAtha samApana karatA hai| chitAIvArtA-grantha ke racayitA haiM nArAyaNadAsa / isake racanAkAla ke sambandha meM kaI pratiyoM meM bhinna-bhinna tithiyA~ likhI hone ke kAraNa matabheda hai| DA0 harikAnta zrIvAstava ne isakA racanAkAla saM0 1647 mAnA hai| parantu DA0 mAtAprasAda gupta ne sapramANa isakA racanAkAla saM0 1500 tathA ratanaraMgakRta kRti kA samaya saM0 1550 mAnA hai, jo yuktisaMgata hai| racanA kaI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai / racanA meM kaI sthala aise haiM jinase tatkAlIna vAstuzilpa, mUrtizilpa aura citrazilpa ke viSaya meM jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| yuddha ke varNana meM usa samaya kI yuddhapraNAlI ke sAtha usa samaya ke yuddhAstroM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yuddha kA varNana sAkSAt yuddha kA dRzya sAmane lA detA hai. jaise ki yuddhasthala para khar3e saba dekha rahe hoN| kathA isa prakAra hai : . . devagiri ke rAjA rAmadeva para alAuddIna kI senA ne nusarata khAM ke senAnAyakatva meM AkramaNa kiyaa| rAmadeva ne nusarata khAM ko saMdhipatra dekara yaddha TAla diyA tathA usI ke sAtha dillI calA gyaa| bAdazAha prasanna ho gayA aura use sasammAna mahala meM sthAna diyaa| rAmadeva tIna varSoM taka vahIM rhaa| 1. DA0 mAtAprasAda dvArA saMpAdita, kAzo nA0pra0 sabhA se saM0 2015 meM prakAzita. 2. bhAratIya premAkhyAna kAvya, pR0 35. 3. chitAIvArtA meM DA0 mAtAprasAda kI bhUmikA dekhie, pR0 24-26. 4. vahI, padya 105 se 113 taka aura 382 se 386 taka aura 389-90. 5. vahI, padya 114 se 122 taka. 6. vahI, padya 125 se 128 taka. 7. vahI, padya 496 se 501 taka.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 51 idhara rAmadeva kI kanyA chitAI vivAha yogya ho gayI thI / ataH rAnI ne rAmadeva ko isakI sUcanA dekara bulAyA / rAmadeva ne alAuddIna se devagiri Ane kI AjJA mA~gI / bAdazAha rAmadeva kI sevA se prasanna thA / ataH usase koI mA~ga peza karane ko kahA / rAmadeva ne eka zreSTha citrakAra mA~gA jise bAdazAha ne saharSa svIkAra kara liyA / rAmadeva kuzala citrakAra ke sAtha devagiri vApisa A gayA / rAmadeva ne citrakalA pradarzana ke lie eka rAjabhavana kA nirmANa karAyA jisameM usa citrakAra ne sundara-sundara citra banAne prAraMbha kiye / eka dina chitAI usa bhavana meM citra dekhane AI / citrakAra chitAI ke saundarya ko dekhakara mUcchita ho gayA / usake bAda vaha chitAI ko pratakSA meM rahA / punaH jaba chitAI citrazAlA meM AI to citrakAra ne use jima rUpa meM dekhA usI rUpa meM kAgaja para utAra liyA / kuzala citrakAra chitAI kA muskarAnA, calanA, baiThanA saba aMkita kara liyA / eka bAra punaH chitAI AI to vaha mRga zAvakoM ko hAtha meM hare jau khilA rahI thI / usakI isa mudrA ko dekhakara citrakAra punaH mUrchita ho gayA / jaba use ceta huA to usane puna: isa mudrA ko citrita kara liyA / jaba rAjA kA navIna bhavana banakara taiyAra ho gayA taba usane dvArasamudra ke rAjA bhagavAn nArAyaNa ke putra soMrasI ke sAtha chitAI kA vivAha nizcita kara diyA / chitAI kA vivAha sampanna ho gayA / chitAI apane sasurAla calI giiN| kucha dina bAda pitA ke bulAve para apane pati ke sAtha AI / ve donoM sAnanda vahA~ rahane lage / I sarasI ko zikAra khelane kA vyasana par3a gayA thA / rAmadeva ke manA karane para bhI vaha nahIM maanaa| eka bAra eka mRga ke poche daur3ate-daur3ate pUrI rAta bIta gaI kintu vaha mRga hAtha nahIM AyA / mRga gahana jaMgala meM bhartRhari ke Azrama meM pahu~ca gayA / bhartRhari kI samAdhi TUTa gii| unhoMne sarasI ko bahu vidhi samajhAyA parantu vaha nahIM mAnA / ataH bhartRhari ne use strI-viyoga kA zApa de diyA / soMrasI ko apane kRtya para pazcAttApa hone lagA | vaha vApasa devagiri A gayA / idhara citrazAlA kA kArya pUrA ho cukA thA / ataH bahuta sI bheMTa ke sAtha alAuddIna ke pAsa citrakAra ko bheja diyA / dillI pahu~cakara sabhI bheMTa kA sAmAna citrakAra ne alAuddIna ke sAmane prastuta kiyaa| citra

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52 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka kAra kA ceharA kumhalAyA dekha bAdazAha ne kAraNa jAnanA caahaa| sabhA samApta hone para citrakAra ko bAdazAha ne alaga mahala meM bulaayaa| citrakAra ne chitAI kA citra jaba bAdazAha ko dikhAyA to ve macchita ho gye| ceta Ane para unhoMne citra apanI hindunI strI hayavato ko dikhaayaa| usane mugdha hokara kisI bhI prakAra chitAI ko sajIva dekhane kI icchA prakaTa kii| alAuddona svayaM vizAla sainyadala ke sAtha mArga meM mandiroM ko dhvaMsa karake masjidoM kA nirmANa karatA haA devagiri phNcaa| vahA~ usane gherA DAla diyaa| sorasI ke netRtva meM devagiri ko senA ne yuddha kiyaa| donoM ora kI kSati huii| alAuddIna cha: mAha taka gherA DAle rhaa| rAmadeva ne soMrasI se chitAI ko lekara anyatra cale jAne kA prastAva kiyaa| vaha isa bAta para taiyAra nahIM huaa| kintu vaha dvArasamudra se sainya sahAyatA lene calA gayA / jAte samaya chitAI ko apanA aMgarakhA ( vastra ), kaNThamAlA tathA dakSiNI jamaghara cihnasvarUpa de gyaa| sorasI ke jAte hI chitAI tapasvinI kA sA jIvana bitAne lgii| idhara alAuddIna ko saMdeha huA ki durga se sorasI chitAI ko lekara to nahIM nikala gyaa| usane rAghava cetana ko bulavAkara apanA saMdeza vyakta kiyaa| usane padminI ko na pA sakane kI bhI bAta duharAyo ! yadi use nizcita patA laga jAye ki chitAI kahA~ hai to vaha uso sthAna para AkramaNa kregaa| rAghava cetana do dUtiyoM ke sAtha vasITha ke rUpa meM durga ke andara pahuMca gyaa| bAdazAha bhI durga ko andara se dekhane kI icchA se rAghava cetana ke anucara ke rUpa meM usake sAtha gyaa| dUtiyA~ ranivAsa kI ora calI giiN| rAghava cetana darabAra kI ora calA gayA aura bAdazAha nagara kI ora calA gayA / bAdazAha devagiri ke sundara rAmasarovara ke kinAre phuNcaa| vaha apane sAtha gulela tathA goliyA~ letA AyA thA unase pakSiyoM kA zikAra karane lgaa| chitAI bhI apanI sakhI mainarekhA ke sAtha vahA~ phuNcii| use isa vyakti para saMdeha huA ataH apanI sakhI ko usakA patA lagAne ke lie chor3akara calI gii| ___mainarekhA bAdazAha ke pAsa pahuMcI aura use goliyA~ thamAne lgii| aba goliyA~ samApta hote hI mainarekhA ne bAdazAha se kahA ki vaha use

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- hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 53 pahacAna gaI hai, vaha rAmadeva ke pAsa use le jaayegii| bAdazAha ke senA lekara vApisa cale jAne ke AzvAsana se vaha mAna gii| usase likhita pratijJApatra bhI le liyaa| bAdazAha apanI pratijJA ke anusAra senA lekara vApisa jA hI rahA thA ki mantrI kI jidda se kAma bigar3a gyaa| bAdazAha punaH ruka gayA / phira bhISaNa yuddha huaa| mantrI pIpA bahuta hI lajjita huaa| donoM dUtiyA~ chitAI ko pathabhraSTa karane calI thiiN| parantu chitAI ko jaba saMdeha huA to dutiyoM ne bahAnA kara diyA ki ve usakI parIkSA le rahI thiiN| subaha nitya kI bhA~ti chitAI zivamaMdira gii| dUtiyoM ne saba Akara bAdazAha ko batA diyaa| dUsare dina bAdazAha inhIM dUtiyoM aura sainikoM ke sAtha subaha hI zivamaMdira para pahu~ca gayA / chitAI maMdira AI, usakI 40 sakhiyoM ne yuddha kiyA. aura mArI gaI / chitAI ko bAdazAha ne pakar3a liyA aura apane pIche ghor3e para biThA liyaa| chitAI ne use pitA ke samAna kahA to vaha lajjita ho gayA, parantu use dillI le gyaa| chitAI vahA~ bahuta samajhAne para bhI duHkhI rahane lgo| bAdazAha ne use rAghava cetana kI saMrakSatA meM hara sUvidhA ke sAtha rakha diyaa| soMraso ke dvArasamudra se vApisa hone para pUrI ghaTanA jJAta huii| vaha yogI ho gyaa| vaha dillI jamanA ke kinAre ke vidhyavana udyAna meM pahuMcA aura apanI vINA bjaaii| vahA~ ke sabhI jIvajaMtu usake pAsa A gye| usane sabhI AbhaSaNa unako de DAle / tadanantara vaha nagara meM gyaa| chitAI ke pAsa eka aiso vINA thI jise soMrasI ho bajA sakatA thaa| usane vaha vINA dillI ke kalAvaMta ke yahA~ yaha kahakara rakha dI thI ki jo bhI isa vINA ko bajA degA vaha usI kI ho jaayegii| yogI sorasI usa kalAkAra ke yahA~ pahu~cA aura usa vINA ko ninAdita kiyA / chitAI isa samAcAra se.atyadhika prasanna hii| yogI vahA~ se rAghava cetana ke yahA~ gayA aura usase anurodha kiyA ki vaha bAdazAha se milanA cAhatA hai| bAdazAha se milane para usane apane ko siMhala kA nivAsI batAyA aura dillI meM laTa jAne kI kahAnI btaayii| usane bAdazAha ko sAtha le jAkara punaH vINA bajAI, sabhI jIvajantu juTa gye| usane bAdazAha ko apane sabhI AbhUSaNa una jantuoM ke pAsa dikhAye aura luTerA batA diyaa| bAdazAha ne yogI ke kauzala ke pradarzana kA Ayojana kiyaa| Ayojana meM bAdazAha ke nikaTa chitAI thii| yogI ke veza meM dekhane aura phira

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54 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka usake vINAvAdana se chitAI ke A~sU bahane lage / ve A~sU bAdazAha ke kaMdhoM para gire / sorasI se bAdazAha ne kucha mA~gane ko kahA / usane bAdazAha se chitAI ko mA~gA / bAdazAha ne chitAI kI icchA jAnanI cAhI / chitAI ne soMrasI kA vAstavika paricaya karAyA to bAdazAha ne usakA bar3A satkAra kiyA aura eka pitA ke rUpa meM svayaM chitAI ko soMrasI ke supurda kiyaa| 1 bAdazAha ne unheM vidA karate samaya gujarAta kA deza diyA / ve donoM devagiri Aye / vahA~ unakA bar3A svAgata sammAna huA / punaH ve dvArasamudra pahu~ce / sarasI ke pitA bhagavAn nArAyaNa unheM dekha atyadhika prasanna hue / . 2 rasaratana - aitihAsika yA sAhityika stara para sabhI premAkhyAnakoM kA apanA-apanA mahattva hai / phira bhI puhakarakRta rasaratana ke viSaya meM yaha kahanA Avazyaka hai ki rasaratana hindI premAkhyAnakoM kI paramparA kI eka mUlyavAn kar3I hai / AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne rasaratana kA mahattva ina zabdoM meM svIkAra kiyA thA : 'kalpita kathA lekara prabandha-kAvya racane kI prathA purAne hindI kaviyoM meM bahuta pAI jAtI hai / jAyasI Adi sUfI zAkhA ke kaviyoM ne hI isa prakAra kI pustakeM likhI haiM, para unakI paripATI bilkula bhAratIya nahIM thI / isa dRSTi se rasaratana ko hindI sAhitya meM vizeSa sthAna denA cAhie / parantu Azcarya hotA hai ki vizeSa sthAna dilAne kI sifAriza karake zukla jI ne rasaratana para isase adhika kucha nahIM likhaa| bAda meM yatkicit sthAnoM para isakI carcA kI gaI / san 1955 meM DA0 harikAnta zrIvAstava ne apane 'bhAratIya premAkhyAna kAvya' meM isa para likhA / isake bAda 1960 meM DA0 zivaprasAda siMha dvArA mahattvapUrNa vistRta bhUmikA sahita sampAdita hokara yaha grantha prakAza meM AyA hai / kavi ne grantha kA nAmakaraNa rasaratana isalie kiyA cU~ki unakA grantha navarasoM se alaMkRta hai / unhoMne guNasamudra ko jJAna kI mathAnI aura prema kI DorI se mathA taba unheM vaha navanIta prApta huA : 1. DA0 zivaprasAda siMha dvArA sampAdita puhakarakRta rasaratana, nA0 pra0 sabhA, kAzI. 2. AcArya rAmacandra zukla, hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0.228.

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hindI premAkhyAnoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 55 guna samudra maMthAna gyAna maMthAniya DhuMDhiya / - jetu hetu gahi hAtha ratana navarasa matha kaDhiya // vAgesura parasAda praghaTa krama krama saba diSSaha / alapa buddhi kahaM heta dhIra muMhi dosa na dijjaha // guru nAma sumara pohakara sukavi garuva graMtha AraMbha kiya / rasa racita kathA rasakani rucita rucira nAma rasaratana diya // 20 // vahi samudra caudA ratana, mathe asura sura saina | ihi samudra nava rasa ratana nAma dharo kavi taina // 21 // bhAratIya premAkhyAnakoM kA adhikAMza mUla loka-gItoM, muhAvaroM, loka- pracalita kiMvadaMtiyoM athavA daMtakathAoM ke AdhAra para khojA jA sakatA hai / rasaratana bhI eka daMtakathA' arthAt kAlpanika kathA hai / puhakara ne ise daMtakathA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai : pahale daMtakathA hama sunI / tihi para chaMda vaMda hama gunI // zravanana sunI kathA hama thorI / kachuvaka Apa ukati taiM jorI ||aadi khaMDa89 // rasaratana meM kathA kI sarasatA aura rocakatA kA pUrA-pUrA patA usakA pATha karane se hI calatA hai / rasaratana meM premAkhyAnakoM meM Ane vAlI kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai jinakA ullekha yathAsthAna kiyA jAyegA / rasa ratana kI racanA kA samaya saM0 1673 hai / kathA kA sArAMza isa prakAra hai ? puhakara ne rasaratana meM advitIya kathA -nirmANa kiyA hai / kAmakandalA to kAma ne sirpha janma hI liyA thA, yahA~ use vairAgara ke rAjA somezvara ke putra sUrasena aura campAvatI nareza ko tanayA raMbhAvatI kA saMyoga karAne ke lie svayaM dUta bananA par3A : nRpa tanayA raMbhAvatI, sUra pRthvIpati pUta / varanoM tinakoM premarasa, madana bhayo tahaM dUta // Adi khaMDa 102 // vairAgara ke rAjA somezvara pUrva dizA meM rAjya karate the / sUryodaya ke kAraNa yaha dizA sarva dizAoM se mahattvapUrNa hai / rAjA atula vaibhavasaMpanna / thA / parantu putrAbhAva ke kAraNa vaha atyaMta marmAhata thA apanI rAniyoM ke sAtha kAzI AyA / yahA~ ciMtAmaNi eka bAra vaha paMDita ne unheM

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56 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka manasA, vAcA, karmaNA zivasevA karane ko khaa| unake aisA karane para ziva prasanna hue aura mahArAnI kamalAvatI ne eka putraratna ko janma diyaa| jyotiSiyoM ne janma-lagna-vicAra karake usake sambandha meM bhaviSyavANI kI ki rAjakumAra bahuta guNI hogA, cakravartI nareza banegA, kintu terahaveM varSa meM triyA-viraha se duHkhI hogaa| viraha meM 3 varSa taka idhara-udhara kaSTa jhelatA huA bhttkegaa| cauthe varSa priyA-saMyoga hone ke kAraNa sabhI duHkhoM se chuTakArA pA skegaa| isake do striyA~ hoMgI aura cAra pUtra, jo ki pRthvI kA zAsana kreNge| yaha kumAra rUpa meM kAma, jJAna meM gorakha, dAna meM bali, sAhasa meM vikramAditya, zastra-prayoga meM arjuna, bala meM bhIma, vrata meM bhISma, vidyA meM bhoja, saundarya meM candramA aura zaurya meM sUrya kI taraha hogA / isakI Ayu pA~ca kama sau varSa kI hogI / rAjA ne paMDitoM ko dAna dekara vidA kiyaa| kumAra kA lAlana-pAlana rAjagharAnoM ke anukUla hone lagA / ' 12 varSa meM usane veda, vyAkaraNAdi tathA astra-zastrAdi caudaha vidyAeM sIkha liiN| jaba 13veM varSa meM kumAra kA praveza hone lagA to usake aMga-aMga meM taruNAI phUTa pdd'ii| jyotiSiyoM kI vANI kA smaraNakara rAjA ne taya kiyA ki kumAra se koI prema kI bAta na kare aura na vaha kisI taruNI ko dekha ske| gurjara deza kI campAvatI nagarI meM rAjA vijayapAla kA rAjya thaa| yaha rAjA bhI sarvasAdhanasaMpanna aura sukhI thaa| usake antaHpura meM aneka ramaNIka ramaNiyA~ thiiN| parantu santAna ke na hone se sabhI vyartha thiiN| eka bAra rAjA zocanIya dazA meM baiThA huA thA to eka siddha aayaa| rAjA ke abhilASA vyakta karane para siddha ne inheM caNDI-pUjA karane kA upadeza diyA aura bhaviSyavANI kI ki tumheM eka kanyAratna kI prApti hogii| samaya Ane para mahArAnI puSpAvatI ko svAti nakSatra meM kanyotpatti huii| paMDitoM ne janma-lagna dekhakara bhaviSyavANI kI ki yaha bar3I honahAra aura bhAgyazAlinI patrI hai| isakI kahAnI yugoM taka clegii| 11veM varSa meM ise pIr3A hogI / vaha roga caudahaveM varSa meM dUra hogaa| kanyA kA lAlanapAlana napa ne bar3e lAr3a-pyAra se kiyaa| raMbhA ke 11veM varSa meM praveza karate hI usake aMga meM acAnaka manmatha kA praveza ho gyaa| usake pratyeka aMga kA saundarya bar3hane lgaa| yauvana jala meM jhA~katI kamalakalI kI bhA~ti phUTane lgaa|

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 57 eka samaya apane pati kI seja para sukha meM khoI rati ne pUchA-nAtha sArA tribhuvana tumhAre adhIna hai, koI bhI tumhAre premapAza se mukta nahIM hai / ataH mujhe batAiye ki tInoM lokoM meM kauna taruNa aura taruNI sarvAdhika sundara haiN| kAma ne kahA ki yoM to bahuta soM meM ThIka-ThIka batA pAnA kaThina hai, phira bhI caMpAvatI nareza kI kanyA raMbhAvatI aura vairAgara ke rAjA somezvara kA putra advitIya hai| kAma kI bAta sunakara rati ne haTha kiyA ki donoM kA saMyoga karA diijiye| kAma ne usake haTha ko pUrA karane ke lie use batAyA-'he sundaro! darzana tIna prakAra ke hote haiM : svapna, citra aura pratyakSa / ' tuma vairAgara jAkara raMbhA ke veza meM sUrasena ko darzana do aura maiM sUrasena ke veza meM raMbhA ko darzana duuNgaa| rati ne aisA karake sUrasena ko prema-samudra meM nimagna kara diyaa| kAmadeva campAvatI rambhA ke zayanakakSa meM gaye / kAmadeva ne raMbhA para uccATana aura mohanazara kA prayoga kiyaa| abalA ko adhIna banAkara madana antardhAna ho gaye / prAtaHkAla rAjakumArI kI dazA dekhakara sakhiyA~ taraha-taraha kI zaMkA karane lgii| koI kahatI havA lagI hai koI kahatI bhUta kA bhaya hai| isI prakAra sabhI parezAna thiiN| itane meM AkAzavANI haI ki Asa rakho, 'sara vithAhara hoNge| rAnI ko khabara milii| rAjArAnI bahuta duHkhI hue| vaidya, sayAnoM ke taraha-taraha ke upacAra kiye ge| koI lAbha nahIM huaa| madanamuditA nAmaka sakhI ne raMbhA kI sveda, staMbha, romAMca, vepathu Adi smaradazAoM ko dekhakara use premapIr3A hone kA anumAna kiyaa| apanI isa zaMkA ko usane anya sakhiyoM para prakaTa kiyaa| sabhI sakhiyA~ raMbhA ke pAsa giiN| madanamuditA ne chalapUrvaka naladamayaMtI, kAmakandalA, uSAaniruddha kI kathA sunaaii| antima kathA ko sunakara rambhA AkRSTa huii| madanamuditA ne kasama dilAkara mana meM paiThe cora kA nAma pUcha liyaa| rambhA ke kucha hI dinoM meM jaba kAma kI dasavIM dazA nidhana samIpa Ane lagI taba lAcAra ho madanamuditA ne rAnI ko batA diyaa| muditA kI rAya mAnakara rAnI ne rAjA se chipAkara aneka citrakAra rAjakumAroM kA citra lAne ke lie bheje / ___idhara rambhA apane priya kI AzA lagA rahI thii| udhara sUrasena binA jala kI machalI ke samAna tar3apha rahe the| unheM dina, rAta, sUrya-candra kisI kI pahacAna nahIM rahI / jisa dina se unhoMne rambhA ko svapna meM dekhA thA

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58 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka usI dina se virahavRkSa aMkurita ho gayA thaa| unake viraha ko dUra karane ke vibhinna upAya kiye jA cuke the, parantu sabhI asaphala siddha hae / isI bIca vairAgara meM buddhivicitra nAmaka citrakAra deza-dezAntaroM kA bhramaNa karatA huA phuNcaa| nagara meM praveza karate hue use zakuna hue / vaha rAjabhavana ke pujArI devadatta ke yahA~ ThaharA / unhoM ke mAdhyama se rAjakumAra se milA aura unase rAjakumArI kI sahI-sahI svapna Adi kI bAteM btaaii| rAjakUmAra ne bhI citrakAra ko svapna kI bAta sunaaii| taba citrakAra ne rambhA kA 7 sakhiyoM ke sAtha vAlA citra dikhAyA / vaha citra pahacAna gayA aura use hRdaya se lagAkara zAnti pAtA tathA nainoM se alaga nahIM kara paataa| citrakAra ne rAjakumAra ko bAtoM kI gopanIyatA kI zapatha dilaaii| rAjakumAra ne rambhA ke lie eka patra aura aMgUThI citrakAra ke hAtha bheja dii| citrakAra ko bhI bahuta se upahAra bheMTa kara vidA kiyaa| rambhA ke svayaMvara meM Ane kI bAta citrakAra ne rAjakumAra se samajhA do| buddhivicitra caMpAvatI pahuMcakara maMtrI sumatisAgara se milA / muditA ne citra, patra aura mudrikA rAjakumArI ke pAsa bheja die / rAnI ko jaba yaha khuzakhabarI milI usane rAjA ko sUtA-svayaMvara karane kI salAha dii| svayaMvara kI vidhivat taiyArI hone lgii| rAjabhavana aura usake sAmane aneka sAja-sAmAna ekatra hone lgaa| idhara raMbhA kI sakhiyA~ priya ko rijhAne, vazIbhUta karane aura svayaM ke zrRMgAra ke navIna DhaMga raMbhA ko sikhAne lgoN| lajjA, patisevA Adi ko dIkSAe~ miliiN| madana ke pramukha sthAna aura unheM uddIpta karane kI vidhiyAM batAI giiN| kokakalA kA pUrA jJAna karAyA gyaa| caurAsI mudrAe~ sakhiyoM ne btaaiiN| priya ke apriya vacanoM ko bhI saha jAne kI salAha dI gii| isa prakAra sakhiyoM ne use aneka zikSAoM se avagata kraayaa| sarasena ne vijayapAla dvArA Ayojita svayaMvara meM jAne kI icchA maMtrI se vyakta kI / maMtrI ne rAjA ko sUrasena ko caMpAvatI bhejane ke lie taiyAra kara liyaa| vaizAkha kRSNA paMcamo tadanusAra puSya nakSatra guruvAra ke dina vijayayAtrA kA nizcaya haa| pUtra ko vidA karate samaya rAnI kamalAvatI kA kaMTha bhara aayaa|

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hindI premAkhyAnoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 59 sUrasena kI senA calI / senA meM hAthI-ghor3e Adi sabhI acchI nasla ke the / isakA varNana kavi ne AlaMkArika bhASA meM vistRta rUpa se kiyA hai| sUrasena apanI senA ke sAtha vistRta mArga taya karake mAnasarovara ke taTa para pahuMce / vahA~ kA dRzya bar3A manorama aura suhAvanA thA / sUrasena ne vahIM rAtri vizrAma kA nizcaya kiyA / usI dina arddharAtri ke bAda apsarAeM vahIM jalakrIr3A karane AIM / sabhI apsarAe~ sundara AbhUSaNoM se yukta thIM / cAMdanI rAta kA suhAvanA mausama thA / ye apsarAe~ raMbhA kI salAha se krIr3A-kamaloM se khilavAr3a karatI rahIM / maMdira ke vahA~ unhoMne dekhA ki eka sundara yuvaka eka bahumUlya palaMga para soyA huA hai / sUrasena ke rUpa ko dekhakara apsarAoM ko apanI abhizaptA sakhI kalpalatA kI yAda AI jo indra ke zApa se pRthvI para A gaI thii| unhoMne socA ki yadi kalpalatA kA vivAha isa sundara yuvaka se ho jAya to usakA abhizApa varadAna meM badala jAyegA / isI uddezya se apsarAoM ne palaMga uThAyA aura brahmakuNDa kI ora le calIM / kalpalatA ke pAsa pahu~cakara apsarAoM ne usako usa yuvaka se gaMdharva - rIti se vivAha karane para rAjI kara liyA / zIghra hI kalpalatA kA zrRMgAra karake usase yuvaka ko jagavAkara AratI utrvaaii| sakhiyA~ una donoM ko kelikrIr3A karane ke lie chor3akara haTa gaIM / sUrasena ne ise raMbhA samajhA / ' kyoMki jo jisakI AkhoM meM basatA hai use vahI dikhAI par3atA hai / donoM AliMgana - pAza meM baMdha gaye / isa sthAna para donoM kI surati keli kA varNana kavi puhakara ne kAmazAstra. ke AcArya ke rUpa meM hI kiyA hai / surati ke bIca meM kalpalatA kI 'caturAI' se sUrasena ko sandeha huA ki yaha raMbhA nahIM hai / kumAra ne usakA paricaya pUchA / kalpalatA ne batAyA ki vaha indrasabhA kI eka apsarA hai / eka nRtya meM bAdhA ke kAraNa nala ne use martyaloka meM Ane kA zApa de diyA / parantu usane dayA karake kahA ki terA pati eka nareza hogA, merI kRpA se sukha-bhoga meM kamI nahIM hogI / bAda meM kumAra ke anurodha para kalpalatA ne apsarAoM kA nRtya dikhalAyA / eka dina soye hue kumAra ke gale meM ratnajaTita 'uravasI' meM raMbhA kA citra dekhakara usakA bheda puuchaa| kumAra ne bAta chipA lii| kucha samaya bAda kumAra ko raMbhA kI yAda satAne lagI / vaha eka sAdhu-maNDalI ke pAsa campAvatI kA mArga pUchane ke lie gayA / mArga kA patA calA ki vaha vikaTa mArga hai / parantu kumAra yogI kA veza banA, I

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60 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka vINA bajAtA huA kaThina mArga para zaMkara kA dhyAna karatA huA caMpAvatI kI ora claa| . idhara prAtaHkAla vairAgara ke mantrI gunagaMbhIra ne kumAra ko zaiyA ke sAtha lApatA pAyA to unakI sArI gambhIratA samApta ho gii| sabhI vihvala ho utthe| maMtrI ne citrarekhA aura madhumAlato kI kathA suna rakhI thii| ataH unhoMne socA-ho na ho zaiyA ko koI apsarA ur3A le gaI ho / unhoMne senA ko caMpAvatI ko ora bar3hane kA Adeza diyaa| bahuta dinoM taka patha-pIr3AoM ke jhelane ke bAda kumAra eka adbhutaanupama bAga meM phuNce| vahA~ eka sundara tAlAba thaa| usameM sundariyA~ jala bhara rahI thiiN| usI sthAna para sarasena ne apanI vINA bajAI, jisase samasta striyA~, jIva-jantu ikaTThe ho gaye evaM mugdha ho utthe| sUrasena ne campAvato nagara meM praveza kiyaa| unake Ane kI sUcanA nagara meM pahale hI phaila cukI thii| ve zivamandira meM pahu~ce aura ziva kI stuti kii| ____ idhara lagna kA samaya A paha~cA parantu saMrasena kA koI patA nhiiN| deza-deza se kumArI ke svayaMvara ke lie bhUpati Ane lge| rambhA ko cintA ho calI / sUrasena kI vINA kA nagara meM zora thaa| rambhA ko sakhI gunamaMjarI isa rahasyamayI yogI kA rahasya jAnane AI jisase yogI ne eka viraha kI gAthA kahI / gunamaMjarI ne antaHpura jAkara sArA bheda madanamuditA ko btaayaa| rambhA kI AjJA se madanamuditA yogI se milane gii| kumAra ne buddhivicitra kA patA pUchA aura rambhA se milane kI icchA vyakta kii| muditA ne rambhA ko Azvasta kiyA ki senA pIche A rahI hai| rambhA vivAha ke pUrva zivayAcanA ke lie zivamandira pahu~cI / campAvatI kI senA rambhA ke sAtha gaI aura mandira ke cAroM tarapha khar3I rhii| sUrasena aura rambhA prathama milana ke avasara para eka-dUsare ko avAk dekhate raha gaye / rambhA lauTI to kumAra behoza ho gyaa| madanamuditA ne use saba kAma sAvadhAnI se karane kI salAha dii| vaha lauTakara vairAgara se Ane vAlI apanI senA se milA / campAvatI nareza ne apane mantrI ko bulAkara sUrasena aura unakI senA ko ucita sthAna dene ko khaa| . zubha dina para maMDapa kI racanA karAkara vijayapAla ne svayaMvara ke lie maMDapa meM Agamana kA sabhI narezoM ko nimantraNa diyA / rambhA kI sakhiyoM ne rambhA ko bahuvidha sjaayaa-sNvaaraa| usakA rUpa apsarAoM se

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 61 bhI AkarSaka thaa| maMDapa meM lagAtAra nareza A-Akara apanA sthAna grahaNa kara rahe the| sabhI narezoM ke bIca sUrasena sUrya ke samAna tejavAn thaa| kumArI ne maMDapa meM praveza kiyA aura aneka narezoM ke sAmane se hotI huI vaha sUrasena taka pahu~cakara ruka gaI aura gale meM jayamAlA DAlakara pairoM para jhuka gaI / yaha vivAha bar3e ullAsa aura Ananda ke sAtha sampanna huaa| campAvatI nareza ne sUrasena se prArthanA kI ki sarasena rambhA ko putra prApti taka campAvatI meM rheN| vijayapAla ne apanA rAjya rambhA ke hone vAle pUtra ke nAma saMkalpa kara diyaa| mantrI ne rAjA kI AjJA mAnakara sUrasena se campAvatI rahane kA Agraha kiyaa| rambhA ko rAtri ke samaya chalapUrvaka sUrasena ke pAsa citrazAlA meM pahuMcA diyaa| usake manoratha pUrNa hue / sUrasena ne kalpalatA se vivAha kI bAta chipA lii| udhara kalpalatA viraha se tar3apa rahI thii| yahIM kavi ne bArahamAse kA sundara citraNa kiyA hai| sabhI suhAvane mahone bItate gaye para kalpalatA kA priya nahIM AyA / anta meM usane vidyApati nAma ke zuka ko apanA viraha batAkara campAvatI bhejA / aise vilakSaNa zuka ko rambhA ne apane bAga meM dekhakara pakar3a liyA aura sone ke piMjare meM banda karake dUdha-bhAta khilaayaa| zuka ke rahasya ko rambhA ne sUrasena se jAna liyA aura kalpalatA ko zIghra le Ane kA Agraha kiyaa| kumAra apanI senA lekara brahmakuMDa kI ora cala pdd'aa| sAtha meM paricArikAe~ aura rambhA bhI thiiN| mAyAnagara kI sImA para pahu~cate hI madana ne mArga rokaa| ataH yuddha huaa| yuddha meM vijaya huI / usameM kaTe hue muNDoM kI mAlA sUrasena ne ziva ko phnaaii| kalpalatA kI aura rambhA kI bheMTa do bahanoM ke samAna huii| samaya se rambhA ko putrotpatti huI / jisakI khuzI meM yAcaka bhI ayAcaka bana gaye, itanA dAna diyA gyaa| udhara pUtra ke pAsa na hone se rAjA somezvara aura rAnI kamalAvatI ko burI dazA thii| ve bAra-bAra kaliyuga ko kosate jisameM beTe janmadAtA mA~-bApa ko bhUlakara patnI ke hI ho jAte haiN| unhoMne purohita-putra purupottama ko campAvatI se sUrasena ko lAne ke lie bhejaa| sUrasena mA~-bApa ko khabara pAte hI avilamba apanI rAniyoM ke sAtha vairAgara ke lie cala par3A / kucha Avazyaka janoM ko sAtha liyA aura daheja Adi kA sAmAna pIche Ane ko chor3a diyA / sUrasena apane mA~-bApa ke ghara pahu~ca gyaa| mA~

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: apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka kA A~cala dUdha se bhIMga gyaa| sUrasena ne svayaM ke aura rAniyoM ke lie eka bhavya prAsAda kA nirmANa karAyA / sUrasena samasta rAjAoM ko jota cakravartI hue / kumAra ke cAra lar3ake the / jaba sUrasena ne 30 varSa taka yuvarAja pada saMbhAlA to somezvara kI mRtyu ho gaI / isase unheM bahuta duHkha huA / kisI prakAra dhairya dhAraNa kiyA / rambhA ne apane putra candrasena ko campAvatI se bulA liyaa| eka bAra eka naTamaNDala ne eka khela racAyA / yaha khela 22 khaMDoM ke mahala meM racAyA gayA / isa khela ko dekha kara sUrasena ko vairAgya ho gayA aura ve paMDita cintAmaNi tathA apanI rAniyoM ke sAtha kAzI cale gaye / mRgAvatI - isa nAma kI kaI racanAe~ likhI gaI / jisa racanA kA yahA~ ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai, vaha megharAja pradhAna kI kRti hai / isakA racanAkAla saM0 1723 hai / DA0 harikAnta zrIvAstava ne isakA racanAkAla saM0 1906 sambhavataH pramANAbhAva ke kAraNa hI likhA hogA / kutubanakRta mRgAvatI kA sampAdana DA0 zivagopAla mizra ne kiyA hai / usakI bhUmikA meM unhoMne mRgAvatI nAma kI ATha vibhinna lekhakoM kI racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / prastuta kRti ke viSaya meM jo unhoMne likhA hai, yahA~ maiM vaisA hI uddhRta kara rahA hU~ : 3 'megharAja pradhAnakRta saM0 1723 meM or3achA ke bhatIje arjuna siMha ko AjJA ke anusAra megharAja ne isakI eka prati bUMdI ke rAjakIya pustakAlaya meM hai kI sUcanA bhI udayazaMkara zAstrI ne dI hai jo saM0 1806 ko caitra sudI 2 ko likhI hai ( dekhie - sAptAhika 'Aja '23 mArca, 1958 ) " / ' 3 premapayonidhi - kavi mRgendra dvArA racita isa racanA kA praNayana saM0 1912 meM huA thA / racanA ke antargata ve sabhI vizeSatAe~ maujUda haiM jo eka premAkhyAna meM honI caahie| jagaha-jagaha adbhuta camatkAra kI bAteM prastuta kI gaI haiM / samudra meM tUphAna se naukA kA TUTanA, zuka Adi pakSiyoM rAjA sujAna siMha ke mRgAvatI kathA likhI / aura eka dUsarI prati 1. DA0 harikAnta zrIvAstava, bhAratIya premAkhyAna kAvya, pR0 41. 2. kutuvanakRta mRgAvatI, DA0 zivagopAla mizra dvArA sampAdita, hindI sAhitya sammelana prayAga se prakAzita, bhUmikA, pR0 6. 3. vahI.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 63 kA kathAnaka meM bhAga lene jaiso aneka kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai / kathA isa prakAra hai : / prajApAlaka evaM dharmAtmA rAjA prabhAkara sundaranagara meM rAjya karate the| santAna na hone ke kaSTa se duHkhI the / bhagavAn ke bhajana-pUjana se unheM eka putraratna huA / jyotiSiyoM ne lagna dekha bhaviSyavANI kI ki yaha bAlaka bahuta pratApI rAjA hogaa| pandraha varSa kI Ayu meM prema-por3A ke kAraNa ghara chor3a degaa| idhara-udhara mArga meM kaThora kaSTa hoNge| bAda meM 3 vivAha karake ghara lauTa aayegaa| pitA ne isIlie 13 varSa kI avasthA taka pahu~cate-pahu~cate kumAra kI zikSA samApta karA dI aura vivAha kara diyaa| isakI patnI candraprabhA nAmaka eka rUpavatI rAjakumArI thI / ina donoM kA jIvana bar3e Ananda ke sAtha bItane lgaa| eka dina donoM nagara meM ghUmate-ghUmate 'gudar3I' bAjAra kI ora nikala gaye / vahA~ eka kone meM bahuta bhIr3a jamA thii| rAjakumAra kUtahalavaza udhara dekhane gayA to dekhA eka AdamI eka sundara tote ko beca rahA hai| kumAra ne totA kharIda liyA aura candraprabhA ke sAtha ghara vApisa A gyaa| rAjakumAra tote ko apane zayanAgAra meM hI rakhatA thaa| eka dina candraprabhA ne khUba zRGgAra kiyA aura apane rUpa ke viSaya meM usane sakhiyoM se pUchA, sakhiyoM ne prazaMsA ko / lekina candraprabhA aura kucha sunanA cAhatI thii| vaha apane rUpa para mugdha ho rahI tho| isase vaha tote ke piMjare ke pAsa gaI aura usase pUchA ki "kyA tumane mujha-sI sundarI ko kahIM dekhA hai?" tote ne koI uttara nahIM diyaa| usane phira vahI prazna dohraayaa| totA phira cupa hI rahA / candraprabhA ne punaH vahI prazna kiyaa| isa bAra tote ne namratA se kahA ki "kisI ko garva nahIM karanA cAhie kyoki rAvaNa kA bhI garva TUTa gayA thA, tumhArA kyA?" vaha isa uttara se AgababUlA ho utthii| usakA ceharA krodha se lAla thaa| itane meM rAjakumAra A gayA aura usane candraprabhA se usake krodha kA kAraNa puuchaa| candraprabhA kucha nahIM bolii| tote ne sArI bAta yathAvat sunA dI aura kahA-isI para yaha kruddha hai| usane rAjakumAra ko batAyA ki uttara deza meM kanakapura nAma kA eka sundara nagara hai / vahA~ pahuMcane meM 1 varSa lgegaa| usa nagara ko rAjakumArI saMsAra ko sabase sundara strI hai| usakA nAma 'sasikalA'

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64 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka hai| candraprabhA to usake sAmane kucha bhI nahIM hai / itanA sunate hI candraprabhA piMjare ko uThAkara le gii| usa dina se kumAra sasikalA ke viraha se santapta rahane lgaa| ___ eka dina tote se mArgadarzana karAne kI prArthanA kii| isa para premamArga kI kaThinAI kA tote ne upadeza diyA / kintu rAjakumAra mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM huaa| dUsare dina rAjakumAra tote ko sAtha le-saMsainya kanakapura kI ora cala pdd'aa| ___tIna dina ke bAda vaha eka sundara vana meM phuNcaa| mRgoM ko dekhakara kumAra ke mana meM mRgayA kA vicAra A gyaa| usane apanA ghor3A mRga ke poche daur3A diyA |shaam ho gaI parantu maga hAtha nahIM aayaa|kumaar ko pyAsa lgii| vaha sAmane hI eka jhopar3I meM gyaa| vahA~ ekaM saMnyAsI dhyAnastha thaa| isake pahuMcane para usane apanI A~kheM kholI aura isase bahA~ Ane kA kAraNa puuchaa| rAjakumAra ne sArI ghaTanA batA dI / saMnyAsI ne rAjakumAra ko A~kha milAne ko khaa| rAjakumAra ne jaba A~kha milAI to usameM kanakapura, sasikalA Adi sAkSAt hue| kumAra sasikalA kA rUpa dekha mUcchita ho gyaa| jaba use ceta huA to usane apane ko vahIM pAyA jahA~ se vaha calA thaa| parantu vahA~ usake sAthI nahIM mile| dUsare dina kumAra akelA hI kanakapura kI ora claa| garmI ke kAraNa vaha eka sarovara meM snAnahetu praviSTa haa| usameM ghasate hI use aisA lagA ki koI nIce kI ora khIMca rahA hai| nIce vaha jamIna para pahu~ca gyaa| vahA~ usane eka sundara phulavArI dekhii| usameM eka mahala banA thaa| vaha mahala kI ora bar3hane lagA to use sundariyA~ daSTigocara huiiN| unameM se eka sundarI maNijaTita siMhAsana para baiThI thii| ___ kumAra ke pahuMcate hI sundarI ne kumAra kA svAgata kiyA aura use siMhAsana para biThAyA / use susvAdu bhojana kraayaa| apane mahala meM le jAkara use batAyA ki vaha jAdUgara mahipAla kI beTI hai| usane yaha bhI batAyA ki vaha bahuta dinoM se usakI pratIkSA kara rahI thii| kumAra ne sasikalA ke prati apanA anurAga batAyA aura jAne kI anumati caahii| sundarI ne kumAra se eka dina ruka jAne ko khaa| vaha ruka gyaa| dUsare dina jaba vaha jAne lagA to usane jAdU se bhasma karane kI dhamakI dii| ataH vaha nahIM gayA, vahIM rahane lgaa| mahipAla-sutA ne kAphI dina bAda

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hindI premAkhyAnoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 65 kumAra ko eka guTikA dI aura kahA ki maiM pratidina rAta ko lauTatI hU~ / Apa akele rahate haiM ataH isa guTikA ko lekara kahIM bhI ghUma sakate haiM / kumAra eka dina vahA~ se nikala dharamapura nagara pahu~cA / isa nagara meM usakI bheMTa vahA~ kI rAjakumArI sUrajaprabhA se ho gaI / vaha use apane mahala meM le gii| dUsare dina usase chuTakArA pA vaha kanakapura kI ora calA / 14 dina bAda vaha kanakapura pahu~cA / vahA~ use patA calA ki sasikalA ko kucha loga mantrabala se uThA le gaye haiM / kumAra ne use khojane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA / isa prakAra donoM mile aura donoM kA vivAha huA / kumAra ghara ko lauTA to usane rAste meM sUrajaprabhA ko bhI sAtha le liyA / mArga meM usakI bheMTa maMtrIsuta se ho gaI / maMtrIsuta donoM rAjakumAriyoM ko pAne kA SaDyantra racane lagA / eka bAra donoM mitra ghUmane nikale to eka mRta bandara milA / kumAra ne apanA mantrabala dikhAne ke liye bandara ke zarIra meM praveza kiyaa| maMtrIsuta ne dhokhA kiyA / vaha kumAra ke zarIra meM praviSTa ho gayA aura apane zarIra ko kATa DAlA / kumAra ke veza meM rAjakumAriyoM ke pAsa gayA / parantu rAjakumAriyoM ko zaka ho gayA / idhara usa buddhimAn bandara kI carcA saba jagaha ho rahI thii| sUrajaprabhA usa bandara ke pAsa gaI to bandara (kumAra) ne use phcaanaa| dUsare dina sUrajaprabhA eka marA totA le gaI aura bandara ke prANa toMte meM lekara ghara A gaI / tote ne maMtrIsuta ko apanA paricaya diyA / vaha ghabar3AyA / sUrajaprabhA ne mantrabala se maMtrI ke prANa nikAla diye aura tote ke prANa usameM DAla diye / kumAra donoM rAniyoM ko sAtha le ghara lauTA / rAste meM mahipAla -sutA kA ghara milA / mahipAla ne apanI lar3akI kA apamAna karane ke kAraNa rAjakumAra se yuddha kiyA / mahipAla hAra gayA / yahIM candraprabhA dvArA bhejA huA use eka totA milA / usane candraprabhA ke viraha kI dazA kA varNana kiyA / kumAra jahAja para car3hakara ghara vApisa A rahA thA ki samudra meM bhayaMkara tUphAna A gayA aura jahAja TUTa gayA / kumAra kI cItkAra para sindhupuruSa ne prakaTa hokara use sAntvanA dI aura usakI donoM rAniyoM ko yakSiNI kI sahAyatA se khojakara kumAra ko sauMpa diyaa| isa prakAra kumAra apanI patniyoM ke sAtha ghara pahu~cA / rukmiNIpariNaya- isake racayitA zrI raghurAja siMha jUdeva haiM / racanA1. saM0 - pra0 - gaMgAviSNu zrIkRSNadAsa, lakSmI veMkaTezvara, kalyANa - muMbaI, saM0 1981. 5

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66 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka kAla saM0 1907hai| kAvya kI dRSTi se yaha koI mahattvapUrNa kRti nahIM hai| yaha zrImadbhAgavata ke AkhyAnoM ke AdhAra para likhI gaI racanA pratIta hotI hai| prathama khaMDa meM rukmiNIpariNaya kA saMkSipta paricaya mAtra hai / isake bAda jarAsaMdhavadha, kAlivadha Adi kI kathA kaI adhyAyoM meM dI gaI hai| sAtaveM adhyAya meM kRSNa aura balarAma ke vivAha kA nArada-ugrasena dvArA vArtAlApa karAyA gayA hai| isake bAda nArada rukmiNI ke pitA bhImasena ke pAsa jAte haiM aura unase zrIkRSNa ke rUpa-guNoM ko prazaMsA karate haiN| yaha kathA vistAra se kahI gaI hai jisase rukmiNI ke hRdaya meM kRSNa ke prati anurAga utpanna ho jAtA hai| nArada isI prakAra dvArikApurI pahuMcakara kRSNa se rukmiNI ke guNoM ko carcA karate haiM jise sunakara kRSNa ke hRdaya meM rukmiNI ko vyAha lAne kI icchA hotI hai| kRSNa use vivAhane jAte haiN| sabhI samasyAoM para vijaya pA ve rukmiNI kA pariNaya karake le Ate haiM / rukmiNI kI aneka sakhiyoM ke sAtha rAsa kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra hindU premAkhyAnakoM ko eka lambo paramparA rahI hai| madhyayugIna hindU premAkhyAnakoM kI paramparA ( saM0 1000-1912 ) meM magendra ke prema-payonidhi ko antima kRti mAnA jA sakatA hai|' sUfI premAkhyAnaka __sUfI premAkhyAnakoM ke antargata nimnalikhita racanAe~ parigaNita ko jA sakatI haiM : racanA racayitA . racanAkAla candAyana dAUda dalamaI mRgAvatI 1503-4 I0 padmAvatI jAyasI 1540 I0 madhumAlatI maMjhana 1545 , ratanAvatI jAna 1634 , ratanamaMjarI kAmalatA 1621 , madhukaramAlatI kathA mohanI 1376 I0 kutubana 1634 , 1. DA0 harikAnta zrIvAstava, bhAratIya premAkhyAna kAvya, pR0 21.

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- hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 67 racanA - racayitA racanAkAla grantha lailai-majanUM jAna rUpamaMjarI kathA kalandara tathA tamIma-aMsArI Adi 1645 I0 jJAnadIpa zekha navI kRta 1619 I0 indrAvatI nUramuhammada 1178 hi0 san puhupAvatI husena alI 1138 hi0 san premacingArI najapha alI 1809 I0 bhASA premarasa . zekha rahIma. 1915 I0 kathA kAmarUpa kavi ajJAta citrAvalI usamAna 1613 I0 puhupa-variSA jAna 1621 I0 chItA 1636 I0 kanakAvatI 1618 I0 kaMvalAvatI naladamayantI 1072 hi0 san kalAvatI 1083 , kathA vijarakhA~ sAhijAde vA devala de.kI caupAI , candAyana-candAyana maulAnA dAUda kI racanA hai| isakA racanAkAla san 1379 I0 A~kA gayA hai| sUfI premAkhyAnakoM meM sarvAdhika prAcIna kRti candAyana hI hai| ise prakAza meM lAne kA pUrA-pUrA zreya DaoN0 paramezvarI lAla gupta ko hai| unhoMne candAyana ke anuzIlana meM candAyana para hue adyatana kAryoM ko vyorA sapramANa prastuta kiyA hai jo atyanta mahattva kA hai| unheM isa bAta kI Tosa thI ki itane samaya bAda taka yaha kRti prakAza meM kyoM nahIM aaii| ve likhate haiM-'1928 I0 se lekara 1956 I0 taka 1. DA0 paramezvarIlAla gupta dvArA saMpAdita, hindI graMtha ratnAkara, baMbaI se prkaashit| 2. vistAra ke lie dekhiye--anuzIlana, vahI, pR0 1-18. . .

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68 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka , sUfI sAhitya aura premAkhyAnaka kAvyoM ko lekara zodha kA DhiMDhorA to khUba piTA para hindI sAhitya ke vidvAnoM aura anusandhitsuoM kI jAnakArI isa bAta taka hI sImita rahI ki dAUda ne candAvana nAmaka koI premAkhyAnaka kAvya likhA thA / usakI eka prati unheM jJAta bhI huI to. usakI ora samucita dhyAna hI nahIM diyA gayA / loga rAmakumAra varmA kI dhurI para cakkara kATate rahe / ' 1 candAyana meM apane paravartI kAvyoM meM pAI jAnevAlI sabhI vizeSatAe~ milatI haiM / isakI apanI vizeSatA yaha hai ki kathA kA prArambha nAyikA ke janma se hotA hai / dAUda ne premAkhyAnakoM meM pAye jAnevAle kathA-abhiprAyoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / isakI racanA lokakathA ke AdhAra para hI huI / dAUda ke samaya meM loraka-caMdAM kI loka-kathA kAfI pracalita thI / racanA sabhI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai / kathA isa prakAra hai : Izvara - muhammadAdi kI stuti ke uparAnta kavi ne govara mahara nAmaka sthAna ke sarovara, mandira, khAI, durga, nagara nivAsiyoM, sainikoM, bAjArahATa, rAjadarabAra aura mahala Adi kA varNana kiyA hai / rAya mehara ke 84 rAniyA~ thIM jinameM phUlArAnI nAmaka mahArAnI thI / rAya mehara ke ghara cAMda nAmaka kanyA utpanna huI / khUba khuziyA~ manAI gaIM / jaba taka cA~da 12 mahIne kI hI ho pAI thI ki dvArasamudra, mAravAr3a, gujarAta, tirahuta, avadha aura badAyU~ taka usakI prazaMsA phaila gaI ! jaba cAMda 4 varSa kI huI to jIta ke anurodha para usake beTe bAvana se sahadeva ne cA~da kA vivAha racA diyA / vivAha kI 12 varSa kI lambI avadhi bIta gaI / cA~da kA yauvana phUTa par3A / parantu usakA pati usakI seja para nahIM aayaa| vaha vilApa karane lgii| usakI nanada ne vilApa sunakara apanI mA~ se kahA / cA~da kI sAsa se usakI kahAsunI ho gaI aura cAMda apane pitA ke yahA~ se AdamI bulAkara pIhara calI gaI / vahA~ use snAnAdi karAke usakA zRMgAra kiyA gyaa| cA~da kI sakhiyoM ne usase pati-prasaMga kI bAteM puuchoN| isa para usane apanI kAmavyathA kaha sunAI / eka bAra govara meM vajrayAnI sAdhu AyA / vaha gAtA huA nagara meM bhikSATana kara rahA thaa| cA~da ne apane jharokhe se use dekhA / sAdhu kI dRSTi 9. vahI, pR0 7.

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hindI premAkhyAnoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 69 jharokhe meM khar3I cAMda para par3I to vaha dekhate hI mUcchita ho gyaa| logoM ke pUchane para usane cA~da se apanI Asakti kI bAta batAI / parantu sahadevarAya ke bhaya se vaha nagara chor3akara calA gyaa| vAjira eka mAha idhara-udhara ghUmane ke bAda eka nagara meM phuNcaa| vahIM vaha cA~da ke viraha ke gIta gA rahA thA, jinheM sunakara vahA~ ke rAjA rUpacanda ne use bulAyA / rUpacanda ke pUchane para vAjira ne apanA sthAna ujjaina btaayaa| usane cA~da ke darzana aura usake viyoga kI bAta bhI rAjA ko batAI / rAjA ne jijJAsAvaza cAMda ke viSaya meM vistAra se jAnanA cAhA / taba vAjira ne cA~da kI mAMga, keza, lalATa, bhauMha, netra, nAsikA Adi pratyeka aMga ke saundarya kA savistAra varNana kiyA / cA~da ke rUpasaundarya kA varNana sunakara rUpacanda ne senApati ko senA taiyArakara govara nagara kI ora kUca kara dene ko kahA | kavi ne senA ke hAthI-ghor3oM Adi kA varNana karane ke bAda likhA hai ki rAjA ko mArga meM apazakuna hue, parantu vaha govara nagara ko gherane taka Age bar3hatA rahA / usane jAkara nagara ghera liyA / rUpacanda kI senA ke A jAne se nagara meM khalabalI maca gii| sahadeva ne apane dUta bhejakara AkramaNa kA kAraNa puchavAyA / dUtoM ne Akara batAyA ki vaha cA~da se vivAha karanA cAhatA hai / sahadeva ne apane mantriyoM ke parAmarza se yuddha ThAna diyA kyoMki usake pAsa bhI azva, azvArohI, hAthI Adi kama nahIM the / dUsare dina yuddhArambha ho gayA / yuddha kI bhayAnakatA dekhakara bhATa ne sahadeva ko salAha dI ki sahAyatA ke lie loraka ko bulA lIjie kyoMki rUpacanda ke yoddhA zaktizAlI haiM / rAjA kI AjJA se bhATa hI loraka ko lene gayA / loraka ke Ate samaya usakI patnI mainA usake sAmane khar3I ho gayI aura yuddha meM jAne se rokane lgii| use AzvAsana de loraka ajayI se yuddha - kauzala kI * zikSA le mahara ke pAsa phuNcaa| mahara ne use tIna pAna ke bIr3e diye aura kahA ki vijayI hone para vaha use tIna susajjita ghor3e degA / loka ne apanI senA ko lekara yuddha kiyA / yuddha meM usakI vijaya huI / yuddha kI jIta para mahara ne loraka ko pAna kA bIr3A diyA aura hAthI para baiThAkara usakA julUsa nikaalaa| cA~da apanI dAsI viraspata ke sAtha dhaurahara ke Upara julUsa dekhane gaI / vaha loraka ko dekhate hI vikala hokara mUcchita ho gii| viraspata ne cA~da ke mana kI bAta pUrI kara dene ko kahA /

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70 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka dUsare dina cA~da ne viraspata se kahA ki jise maiMne kala dekhA thA use mere ghara bulAo yA mujhe usake ghara le clo|virspt ne loraka ko nAgarikajyonAra meM bulAne ko kahA / cA~da ne apanI manautI ko bAta gar3hakara pitA se jyonAra karAI / jyonAra ke vyaMjanoM, pazu-pakSiyoM ke zikAra Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| cA~da jyonAra ke samaya dhaurahara para khar3I dekha rahI thii| loraka ne use dekhA aura khAnA-pInA bhUla gyaa| . .. vaha apane ghara jAkara cArapAI para par3a gyaa| usakI mA~ vilApa karane lgii| sayAne, vaidyAdi bulAye gaye / para use koI roga nahIM niklaa| vaha kAmaviddha thaa| viraspata ne loraka kI mA~ kA vilApa sunA to vaha usake ghara pahuMcI aura rone kA kAraNa puuchaa| kAraNa jAnakara vaha loraka ke pAsa gii| usane loraka se kahA-maiM cA~da kI dhAya huuN| bulAne para AI huuN| A~kha kholakara apanI bAta kaho / cA~da ke nAma se loraka uThakara baiTha gyaa| usane bAta kahane meM lajjA kA anubhava kiyaa| isase usakI mA~ vahA~ se haTa gii| loraka ne viraspata se cA~da ko milAne kI vinaya kii| usane kahA-jogI-veza meM bhabhUta lagAkara maMdira meM baiThanA, vahIM vaha AyegI taba darzana kara lenA / vaha usakI mA~ ko samajhAkara calI gii| ____ loraka jogI banakara 1 varSa taka maMdira kI sevA meM lagA rahA aura prema kI kAmanA karatA rahA / dIvAlI ke avasara para cA~da sakhiyoM ke sAtha maMdira AI / rAste meM usakA hAra TUTa gyaa| sakhiyA~ usake motiyoM ko ikaTThA karane lgiiN| viraspata ne cA~da se maMdira meM calakara vizrAma karane ko khaa| cA~da aura viraspata maMdira giiN| viraspata ne maMdira meM jhA~kakara kahA ki Ajakala maMdira meM eka bhagavaMta Aye hue haiM, jAkara darzana kara lo, sAre pApa bhAga jaayeNge| cA~da yogI ko dekhate hI bAhara nikala AI aura yogI kI sthiti btaaii| sakhiyA~ hAra lekara A giiN| vaha hAra pahana ghara calI aaii| ceta Ane para loraka vilApa karane lgaa| udhara cA~da ne viraspata se loraka se bheMTa karAne ko khaa| viraspata ne maMdiravAle yogI loraka kI bAta batAI to cA~da ko usase bAta na karane kA duHkha huaa| viraspata loraka se yogIveza tyAgakara ghara jAne ko kaha AI / usane vaisA hI kiyaa| aba donoM eka-dUsare se milane ko chaTapaTAte the parantu koI upAya nahIM thaa| cAMda ne punaH viraspata ko loraka ke pAsa bhejaa| viraspata ne cA~da ke dhaurahara kA mArga loraka ko dikhA diyaa| loraka ne eka pATa aura

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 71 usakA rassA khriidaa| usameM bIca-bIca meM gAMTha lagAkara Upara eka aMkurI bA~dha lii| rAta meM mahala ko ora claa| bhAdoM kI a~dherI rAta meM use kucha nahIM dikhAI par3a rahA thaa| bijalI camakI to cA~da kA daravAjA use dikhaa| cA~da ne loraka ko dekhaa| vaha prasanna huii| loraka Upara rassA pheMkatA, cA~da use majAka karane ko bAra-bAra nIce DAla detii| bAda meM loraka Upara phuNcaa| usake sAtha rAtabhara keli kii| prAtaH cA~da ne dera ho jAne ke kAraNa use cArapAI ke nIce chipA diyaa| zAma ko aMdherA hote hI use punaH milane kA vAyadA karake vidA kiyaa| loraka ghara pahuMcA to mainA kA sandeha dUra karane ko usane kahA-rAjA kA rAsa dekhane meM hI rAta bIta gii| ___idhara mahara aura mahari ko jJAta ho gayA ki rAtri meM mahala meM koI puruSa AyA thaa| bhRtyoM dvArA sAre nagara meM bAta phaila gii| mainA ko bhI patA lgaa| vaha loraka se kruddha ho gii| paNDita ne cA~da ko batAyA ki vaha asAr3hI ke parva para homa-jApakara somanAtha kI pUjA kare to manokAmanA pUrI hogii| usane vaisA hI kiyA aura loraka ko patirUpa meM prApta karane kI manautI maanii| mainA bhI darzana karane gaI / mainA kI udAsI kA kAraNa cA~da ne haMsakara pUchA / isa para donoM meM mArapITa zurU ho gii| loraka ne Akara bIca-bacAva kiyaa| mainA ne ghara Akara cA~da kI zikAyata mahari ke pAsa bhejI jisase vaha lajjita huii| .: cA~da kI saba bAta khula jAne ke kAraNa vaha marane kI soca rahI - thii| usane viraspata dvArA loraka ke pAsa saMdeza bhejA ki vaha rAta meM use bhagAkara le jAya, nahIM to vaha subaha kaTAra mArakara mara jaayegii| loraka samajhAne se bhagAne ko taiyAra ho gyaa| rAtri meM donoM AbharaNa, mAnika, motI ke sAtha bhaage| loraka aura cA~da ne apane donoM hAthoM meM astra liye / donoM kAle kapar3e pahanakara cala diye / govara se dasa mIla dUra loraka kA bhAI ka~varU rahatA thA ataH ve vahA~ se katarAkara calane lage / loraka ke bhAI ne use dekha liyA aura usake pIche bhaagaa| lekina cA~da ko pIchepoche Ate dekha vaha ThiThaka gayA / usane una donoM kI bhartsanA kii| ve tejI se bhAgate hae rAta hone para gaMgA ke kinAre per3a ke nIce so gye| subaha loraka chipA rhaa| cA~da kinAre para khar3I ho naukA ko pratIkSA karane lgii| nAvika AyA aura use naukA meM baiThAkara le claa|

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. 72 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka usase akele hone kA kAraNa puuchaa| AdhI nadI Ane para loraka pAnI meM se nikalA aura nAvika ko Dhakela svayaM naukA ko le bddh'aa| itane meM bAvana A pahuMcA aura kevaTa se sArI sthiti samajhakara nadI meM kUda gayA / bAvana ne nadI pAra karake unakA pIchA kiyA aura dasa kosa para jAkara unheM pkdd'aa| loraka para usane tIna bANa calAye jo bekAra gaye / vaha hAra mAnakara vApisa A gayA / loka ko rAste meM vidyAdAnI nAmaka eka Thaga milaa| usane dAna ke bahAne cA~da ko mA~gA / loraka ne usake hAtha-kAna kATakara chor3a diyA / vidyA ne rAva karaMkA se isakI zikAyata kii| rAva ne loka ko bulavAkara usase sthiti jAnI aura loraka kA sammAna kiyA / vahA~ loraka eka brAhmaNa ke ghara phUloM kI zayyA para soyA / rAtri meM sugandha ke kAraNa eka sAMpa AyA aura usane cA~da ko kATa liyA / sAta dina taka loka vilApa karatA rahA taba eka gunI ne mantra se cA~da ko jIvita kara diyA / ve aba haradI kI ora cale / mArga meM use yuddha karake Age kA rAstA milaa| mArga ke eka vana meM rAta ho gaI / ve vahIM per3a ke nIce so gye| rAtri meM cA~da ko punaH sarpa ne kATa liyA / loraka use citA para rakha hI rahA thA ki gunI ne Akara use jindA kara diyA / 1 loraka aura cAMda ne punaH haradI kI ora kUca kiyA / gArur3I kahatA huA nikala gayA ki pATana deza mata jAnA, jAnA ho to dAhine rAste ko apnaanaa| unhoMne usakI bAta para dhyAna nahIM diyA / zAma taka ve sAraMgapura pahu~ce / vahA~ usane vahA~ ke rAjA ke sAtha juA khelA aura cA~da sahita saba kucha hAra gyaa| cA~da ne eka bAra punaH khelane ko kahA / mahIpati isa bAra hAra gayA / loraka ne use mAra DAlA / mArga meM phira sA~pa kATA | usane jIvita hokara cAra svapna dekhane kI bAta khii| usakA vivaraNa cA~da ne diyA / ve phira cala pdd'e| cAra dina calane ke bAda eka nagara meM pahu~ce / cA~da ko mandira meM baiThAkara loraka nagara meM khAne-pIne kA sAmAna lAne calA gayA / pUrva svapna ke anusAra TUTA yogI AyA aura usane Akara siMgI nAda kiyA / cA~da vesudha hokara usake pIche cala pdd'ii| loka sAmAna lekara AyA to cA~da ko gAyaba dekha vilApa karane lagA / kisI prakAra TUTe yogI kA patA lagA vahA~ pahu~cA / parantu yogI ke A~kha dikhAte hI bhAga niklaa| tabhI use siddha kA vacana smaraNa ho AyA /

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 73 smaraNa karate hI siddha usake pAsa A khar3A huaa| loraka aura TaMTA 'jhagar3ane lge| siddha ne sabhA meM calane ko kahA / vahA~ pahu~cane para sAkSI ke abhAva meM bAta nahIM suljhii| cA~da para TUTe ne mantra calA diyA jisase use kucha yAda hI nahIM rhaa| ___ ina saba saMkaToM ko pAra karake loraka aura cA~da haradI pahu~ca gye| jisa samaya inhoMne haradI kI sImA meM praveza kiyA, vahA~ kA rAjA jhetama zikAra ke lie bAhara jA rahA thaa| rAjA ne unakA paricaya prApta kara Ane kA kAraNa puuchaa| tadanaMtara unako sasammAna nAnA sAmagrI bheMTa kI / donoM vahA~ sAnanda rahane lge| udhara mainA loraka-viraha meM parezAna thii| eka bAra nagara meM eka TADa AyA huA thaa| usane nAyaka sirajana ko kholina ke ghara bulAkara usase usakI yAtrA ke viSaya meM pUchA aura haradIpATana jAne kA anurodha kiyaa| usase bahuta anunaya kI ki vaha loraka ko vahA~ se bheja de| sirajana mainA kA saMdeza lekara cAra mAha meM haradIpATana A phuNcaa| sirajana loraka ke ghara phuNcaa| loraka ko dvArapAla ne sUcanA dI ki koI brAhmaNa AyA hai| vaha turanta AyA aura Akara brAhmaNa ko praNAma kiyaa| brAhmaNa ne AzIrvAda dekara apanI pothI kholakara batAyA ki tumhArA rAjapATa govara meM hai, tumane mainA patnI ko chor3a cA~da ko apanA liyA hai| mainA kA nAma sunate ho loraka ghabarAne lgaa| usane sirajana se sArA hAla sunA aura use bahuta-sA dAna dekara dUsare dina vApisa calane * ko khaa| vahA~ ke rAjA ne loraka ko bulAkara saba samAcAra jAnA aura govara jAne kI saba taiyArI karA dii| sainika bhI sAtha kara diye| cA~da ko lekara vaha govara kI ora claa| ''. ve loga jaba govara se 30 mIla dUra the taba kisI ne vahA~ jAkara sUcanA de dI ki koI rAva senA lekara govara para AkramaNa karane A rahA hai| govara meM khalabalI maca gii| parantu mainA ko apane svapna para vizvAsa thA ki loraka subaha taka A jaaygaa| subaha loraka ne mAlI ko bulAkara govara jAne ko kahA aura usase manA kiyA ki yaha mata batAnA ki kisane bhejA hai| mAlI mainA ko phUla dene lagA to mainA rone lgii| usane kahA-pati ke ghara para na rahate kyA phUla ? use phaloM meM loraka kI hI vAsa lgii| mAlI se mainA ne pUchA to mAlI ne kahA-maiM to paradezI

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- 74 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka 1 hU~, nagara dekhane AyA hUM / yadi tuma dUdha lekara bAga meM Ao to loraka milegA / subaha hote hI mainA apanI dasa saheliyoM ke sAtha dUdha-dahI becane calI / loraka ne cA~da ko pahale hI mainA ko izAre se batA diyA aura use caugune paise, sonA Adi se dahI kharIdane ko khaa| cA~da ne vaisA hI kiyA / cA~da ne sabhI ahorinoM ko siMdUra bharA / mainA ne aisA karane se roka diyA / usane apane pati kA haradI meM kiyA / loraka ne mainA se cher3achAr3a kI to calI AI | 1 cale jAne kA duHkha prakaTa vaha bigar3a gaI aura ghara dUsare dina punaH saba dahI becane gaIM / cA~da ne mainA ko andara bulAyA aura loka kI karanI pUchane lagI / mainA ne saba pahalI kahAnI batA dI aura yaha bhI 'kahA ki kahIM cA~da mile to usakA mu~ha kAlA kara dU~ / ve donoM jhagar3a giiN| bIca meM loraka Akara prakaTa ho gayA / mainA prasanna ho uThI / nagara meM aisA zora ho gayA ki isa para ajayI usase lar3ane AyA / TUTa gayA / loraka ko pahacAna vaha gale lipaTa gayA / loraka ghara AyA, kholina ke paira chue aura usane donoM bahuoM kA svAgata kiyA / loraka ne apanI mA~ se pUchA ki pIche kaise rhiiN| mA~ ne batAyA -- pIche bAvana AyA thA aura mainA ko gAlI dI / mokara bhI apanI senA lekara AyA / kavarU ne usakA sAmanA kiyA / parantu akelA hone se mArA gyaa| mA~ ne kahAtumhAre pIche rAta-dina jAgatI - rotI rahI hU~ / mRgAvatI -- isa kRti ke racayitA kutuvana haiM / mRgAvatI nAma se kaI racanAe~ prApta haiM jinakA ullekha megharAja pradhAnakRta mRgAvatI kA vivaraNa prastuta karate samaya kiyA jA cukA hai| sUfI premAkhyAnaka sAhitya meM jaba taka candAyana prakAza meM nahIM AI thI taba taka yahI prAcIna kRti mAnI jAtI thI / mRgAvatI kI kathA saMskRta, jaina-bauddha granthoM meM pAI jAtI thI / kutuvana ne dAUda kI paramparA kA hI nirvAha kiyA / mRgAvatI meM antarkathAe~ bhI AI haiM jo usake paravartI premAkhyAnakoM meM bhI rUr3ha huI haiM / isameM puruSa - nArI donoM pAtroM kI bahulatA hai| kathA isa prakAra hai : 1. DA0 zivagopAla mizra dvArA sampAdita, hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga se prakAzita, maiMnA Agantuka ke sAtha rahatI hai / usane khoDA calAyA jo bIca meM hI

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 75 atula vaibhava-sampanna tathA dharma meM ruci rakhane vAlA eka rAjA putrotpatti na hone ke kAraNa atyanta duHkhI thaa| bhagavAn kI manasA, vAcA, karmaNA pUjA karane para rAjA ko putraratna prApta huA / paNDitoM ne kumAra ko tIvra bhAgyazAlI btaayaa| parantu Age calakara ise strI-viyoga hogaa| rAjA ne khUba dAna diyaa| usake lAlana-pAlana kI bharapUra vyavasthA kii| 10 varSa kI avasthA taka Ate hI vaha bar3e-bar3e grantha samajhane lgaa| zikAra bhI khelane lgaa| eka dina rAjakumAra AkheTa karane gyaa| vahA~ vaha eka saptaraMgI magI ko dekhakara mohita ho gayA / mRgI pAsa ke eka mAnasarovara meM kUda gii| rAjakuMvara ne apanA ghor3A vRkSa meM bA~dha, vastra utArakara sarovara meM magI ko khojaa| patA nahIM lagane para vRkSa ke nIce Akara usakI yAda meM vilApa karane lgaa| usake sAthI use khojate-khojate usa vRkSa ke nIce Aye / rAjakumAra se usake rudana kA kAraNa jAnakara sAthiyoM ne bhI mRgI ko khojA parantu asaphala rhe| rAjakumAra kI ciTThI lekara ve ghara lauTa gaye / rAjakumAra vahIM rhaa| do prahara ke bhItara hI rAjA sasainya vahA~ pahu~ca gyaa| rAjakumAra ne rAjA se prArthanA kI ki usake lie vahIM eka mahala banavA diyA jAya / rAjA ne vaisA hI kiyaa| citrazAlA meM aneka prakAra ke citra nirmita kiye gaye / kumAra isI mahala meM viraha meM par3A rhtaa| daivAt usakI dhAya vahA~ * phuNcii| sArA vRttAnta jAnakara kumAra ko batAyA ki pratyeka ekAdazI . ko mRgAvatI yahA~ snAna karane AtI hai| yadi usI samaya usake vastra curA le to vaha sadA usI ke pAsa rhegii| rAjakumAra ne dhAya kI bAta mAna lii| mRgAvatI bhI rAjakUmAra para - Asakta thI / vaha ekAdazI ke dina apanI sakhiyoM ke sAtha snAnArtha vahA~ phNcii| rAjakumAra dhAya ke batAye maMtrAnusAra vahA~ pahale se baiThA hI thaa| jaba sabhI jala meM utara gaIM to rAjakumAra ne cora curA liye| sakhiyA~ jo pahale se hI AzaMkita thIM mRgAvatI ko chor3a pakSI banakara ur3a gaIM / mRgAvatI mAnasarovara ke andara vastrarahita raha gii| - mRgAvatI kI anunaya para bhI rAjakumAra ne vastra nahIM diye| usane eka dUsarA vastra lAkara diyaa| phira usase apane viraha kI dazA kaha sunaaii| bhoga-vilAsa se pahale hI mRgAvatI ne kumAra se usakI sakhiyoM

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76 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka ko Ane dene kI aura kumAra ne usase jIvanabhara prema meM anurakta rahane kI pratijJAeM liiN| rAjakumAra ne pitA ko isakI sUcanA dii| rAjA ne prasannatApUrvaka donoM kA vivAha sampanna kara diyaa| ve sAnanda rahane lge| kucha samaya bAda.magAvatI ke pAsa dhAya ko chor3akara rAjakumAra pitA se milane gyaa| magAvatI ne cIra prApta kara lie aura dhAya se yaha kahakara ur3a gaI'mere pitA kA nAma rUpamurAri aura sthAna kaMcanapura hai| rAjakumAra ne mujhe bar3I saralatA se pA liyA, isalie mere mahattva ko nahIM jaantaa| maiM jA rahI hU~, kintu vaha mujhase avazya mile|' . rAjakumAra vApisa AyA to dhAya ko vilakhate dekhA | vaha mRgAvatI ko na dekha mUcchita ho gira pdd'aa| phira yogI kA veza dhAraNa karake khojane cala par3A / mArga meM eka rAjA milA jisane usake yoga kA kAraNa pUchA / usane sArI kathA kaha sunaaii| use dayA kA saMcAra huA / ataH jaMgama ko bulAkara kaMcananagara kA mArga dikhAne ko usake sAtha bheja diyaa| usane samudra ke kinAre lAkara khar3A kara diyA. aura kahA-yahI * ghATa hai / eka naukA para yogI car3hakara claa| samadra meM tez2a lahara se nAva lapeTa meM A gii| usI samaya eka bhayaMkara sarpa dikhAI pdd'aa| rAjA ne prANarakSA ke lie Izvara se prArthanA kii| usI samaya dUsarA sape bhI A gayA aura donoM Apasa meM lar3a gye| nAva bhI kisI prakAra kinAre lgii| phira usane eka vATikA meM praveza kiyA jahAM use eka apUrva bhavana dikhAI pdd'aa| bhavana ke andara eka rAghavavaMzI rAjA devarAya kI kanyA rUpamani thI jise eka varSa pUrva rAkSasa uThA lAyA thaa| prathama vaha usakI seja para jAnA nahIM cAhatA thA parantu usake anurodha para vaha usakI seja para baiTha gyaa| tabhI sAta sira aura caudaha bhujAoM vAlA rAkSasa dikhAI pdd'aa| rUpamani bhayabhIta huI parantu rAjakumAra ne apane cakra se usa rAkSasa kA vadha kara diyaa| rUpamani usakI isa vIratA para mugdha ho gii| rAjakumAra ne use apanA patA btaayaa| yogI hone kA kAraNa bhI batAyA / usI samaya rUpamani kA pitA apanI putrI kI khoja meM A phuNcaa| rAjakumAra kI zUratA dekhakara rAjA bahuta prasanna huaa| rAjakumAra se apanI kanyA se

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 77 vivAha karane kA prastAva rakhA aura AdhA rAjya dene ko khaa| usane AnAkAnI kI, phira mAnanA pdd'aa| donoM kA vivAha huaa| rAjakumAra rUpamani kI seja para kabhI nahIM soyA / vaha eka dina avasara pAkara mRgAvatI kI khoja meM nikala gyaa| kAphI kaThinAI ke bAda use eka gaDariyA milaa| gar3ariye ne rAjakumAra ko sthAna taka na pahu~cAkara apane kamare meM banda kara liyaa| vahAM aura bhI aneka baMdI the| vaha pratidina eka AdamI ko bhUnatA thA aura khA jAtA thaa| eka dina yukti se gar3ariye ko bakariyoM ke sAtha kumAra bAhara nikala AyA / bhAgakara jA rahA thA ki use eka bhavana dikhAI par3A jahA~ vaha chipa gayA / cAra pakSI Aye jo strIrUpa meM badala gye| unhoMne zrRMgI bajAI to cAra mora Aye jo manuSya bana gye| vahA~ se vaha bhaagaa| mRgAvatI kI khoja karane lgaa| eka dina kumAra eka vRkSa ke nIce baiThA thaa| usa para baiThe eka pakSI ne kahA-eka kuMvara mRgAvatI se anurakta hai / usake lie usane itane kaSTa sahe haiM kintu aba donoM ke milana kA samaya nikaTa hai|' itanA kahakara pakSI ur3a gyaa| Age calakara vaha kaMcanapura nagara meM pahuMca gyaa| usane kiMgaro bajAnA prAraMbha kiyA, sabhI loga daur3e aaye| rAnI ne isa yogo ko bulA bhejaa| ____ mRgAvatI ne use turanta pahacAna liyaa| phira bhI saMprabhutA ke mada meM vaha usakA paricaya pUchatI hai| rAjakuMvara ke sahI-sahI batalA dene para vaha * tilamilA uThatI hai, phira use vastra pahanAkara maMdira le jAtI hai aura rAjA banA detI hai / eka dina mRgAvatI bAhara gaI to rAjakuMvara se kahatI gaI ki isa koTharI ko mata kholanA / usane manA karane para bhI kutUhalavaza use khola diyaa| usameM eka bandI thA jo mukta hone para rAjakumAra ko AkAza meM lekara ur3a gayA aura use mAra DAlane ko khaa| mRgAvatI vApisa AI to vahA~ rAjakumAra nahIM thA / saba jagaha khojA gyaa| parantu rAjakumAra usa mAyAvI kA anta karake svayaM hI lauttaa| udhara rUpamani ke dina viraha meM bIta rahe the| eka TADA se usane rorokara apanI dazA rAjakumAra se kaha dene ko khaa| dUlabha kaMcanapura phuNcaa| rAjakumAra usase milane aayaa| rAjakumAra sabhI samAcAroM se avagata huaa| apane pitA kA patra mRgAvatI ko sunaayaa| rAjakumAra ne AdhA rAjapATa apane bar3e putra ko dekara mRgAvatI aura choTe putra ke sAtha

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78 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka candragiri ke lie prasthAna kiyaa| rAste meM vaha rUpamani se milaa| rUpamani ke pitA ne khUba svAgata-satkAra kiyaa| rUpamani ko sAtha lekara vaha cala pdd'aa| rAjakumAra ko AkheTa kA zauka thaa| eka bAra eka baheliye ne use vana meM eka siMha ke Ane kI sUcanA dii| rAjakumAra jaMgala meM jAkara sote siMha ko jagAne lgaa| siMha ne jAgakara rAjakumAra ko samApta kara diyaa| mRgAvatI aura rUpamani satI ho giiN| nagaravAsiyoM ne kanerAya ko siMhAsana para baitthaayaa| - padmAvatI athavA padamAvata-padmAvatI hindI-sUphI-sAhitya ke prasiddha kavi malika muhammada jAyasI kI racanA hai| racanAkAla ke viSaya meM prAyaH matabheda rahA hai| yaha san 1540 I0 kI racanA hai| hindI ke safIsAhitya para abataka jitanA bhI kAma huA hai usameM se adhika bhAga jAyasI ko hI milA hai| padmAvatI ko 'sarvaprathama ullekhanIya carcA phreMca lekhaka gArsAda tAso ne apanI pustaka istAra dala litaretyUra endUI e aindustAnI ke dvitIya bhAga meM kI thii| isakA pahalA susampAdita saMskaraNa AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne 'jAyasI granthAvalI' ke nAma se nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA dvArA prakAzita kraayaa| abataka padmAvatI kI TIkA-vyAkhyAeM aura susampAdita saMskaraNa kaI sthAnoM se prakAzita ho cuke haiN| DA0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne padamAvata ko saMjIvanI vyAkhyAsahita sampAdita kiyA hai| ... sUfI-sAhitya kA mahattvapUrNa premAkhyAna jAyasI kI isa racanA ko kahA jA sakatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki san 1881 I0 se lekara isake aneka saMskaraNa abataka saMpAdita hokara prakAza meM Aye haiM : 1. navalakizora presa, lakhanaU se 1881 I0 meM prakAzita. 2. saM0-50 rAmajasa mizra, candrasabhA presa, kAzI, I0 1884. 3. baMgavAsI pharma dvArA prakAzita, I0 1896. 1. AcArya rAmacandra zukla dvArA 'jAyasI-granthAvalI' nA0 pra0 sabhA se prakAzita. 2. paM0 parazurAma caturvedI, hindI sAhityakoza, bhAga 2, pR0 291. 3. DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, padamAvata, sAhitya sadana ciragAMva, jhA~sI se prakAzita.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 79 4. saM0-maulavI alIhasana, kAnapura se prakAzita. .5. di padumAvati Apha ma0 mu0 jAyasI, I0 1911-12 meM griyarsana aura sudhAkara dvivedI dvArA saMpAdita, rAyala eziyATika sosAyaTI Apha baMgAla. 6. jAyasI granthAvalI, saM0-paM0 rAmacandra zukla, pra0 saM0 I0 1924; dvi0 saM0 I0 1935 meM nA0 pra0 sabhA kAzI se prakAzita. 7. padamAvata pUrvArddha, saM0-lAlA bhagavAnadona, prakA0-hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga, I0 1925. 8. saMkSipta padamAvata, saM0-DA0 zyAmasundaradAsa, I0 1926. 9. padumAvati, zrI sUryakAnta zAstrI, lAhaura, I0 1934.. 10. padumAvati, dI liMgvisTika sTar3I Apha di siksTIntha sencurI hindI, DA0 lakSmIdhara ( kevala 106 chanda ), laMdana, I0 1949. 11. jAyasI granthAvalI, saM0-DA0 mAtAprasAda gupta, hindustAnI ekeDemI prayAga, I0 1951. 12. padamAvata saMjIvanI vyAkhyAyukta, saM0-DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, ciragAMva, jhAMsI se I0 1955 meM prakAzita. yaha apanI prema-paramparA ke lie prasiddha hai| isa grantha meM RtuvarNana, samudravarNana, prakRtivarNana, yuddha-varNana, viraha-varNana aura susvAdu-varNana Adi vistAra ke sAtha varNita haiN| inake atirikta kathA meM rahasyavAda evaM AdhyAtmika pakSa tathA sUfI siddhAntoM kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| kathA meM zuka, siMhaladvIpa, yogI, bArahamAsA, svapnadarzana Adi anekoM kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM kA prayoga khUba kiyA gayA hai jinakA paravartI premAkhyAna sAhitya para pUrNa prabhAva par3A-isameM sandeha nhiiN| padmAvatI nAma kI ': bahuta sI rAniyoM kA ullekha sAhitya meM milatA hai| parantu jisa padmAvatI kA varNana jAyasI ne kiyA hai vaha advitIya hai / kathAsAra isa prakAra hai : siMhaladvIpa ke rAjA gaMdarbhasena aura campAvatI kI kanyA padmAvatI paramasundarI thii| usake yogya vara nahIM mila rahA thA / padmAvatI ke pAsa eka hIrAmana totA thA jo atyadhika vAkpaTu aura paNDita thaa| eka dina 1. jAyasIkRta citrarekhA, saM0-DA0 zivasahAya pAThaka ke prAkkathana se uddhRta, pR0 49-50...

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80 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka totA padmAvatI ke vara ke viSaya meM vArtAlApa kara rahA thA to rAjA ne ise suna liyaa| rAjA ne kruddha ho use maravAne ko khaa| isa bAra vaha bacA liyA gyaa| parantu bhaviSya ke bhaya kI AzaMkA se vaha ur3a gayA / ur3akara jaMgala meM pahu~cA, vahA~ kisI baheliye ne use pakar3a liyaa| tote ko baheliye ne brAhmaNa ke hAthoM beca diyaa| brAhmaNa ne use cittaura ke rAjA ratanasena ko eka lAkha rupaye meM beca diyaa| ratanasena kA tote se bahuta prema bar3ha gyaa| eka dina rAjA ratanasena AkheTa meM gayA huA thaa| usakI rAnI nAgamatI ne tote se sagarva pUchA-'tote saca-saca kaho, kyA mere. samAna isa saMsAra meM koI anya sundarI hai ?' hIrAmana ne siMhaladvIpa kI rAjakumArI ko prazaMsA kara dii| ataH rAnI krodhita ho gaI aura use apanI cerI se maravAne ko khaa| cerI rAnI ke kahane se use le gaI parantu rAjA ke bhaya se mArA nahIM, chipAkara rakha liyaa| rAjA ne AkheTa se lauTane para tote ke lie puuchaa| rAjA ko krodhita hote dekha cerI ne unake sAmane totA rakha diyaa| __rAjA ne hIrAmana se sArI bAta pUcha lii| hIrAmana se padmAvatI ke saundarya kA varNana sunakara rAjA mUcchita ho gyaa| hIrAmana ke bahuta samajhAne para bhI rAjA ko dhairya nahIM huA aura vaha siMhaladvIpa jAne ko udyata huaa| hIrAmana ke kahane para rAjA ne yogo kA veza bnaayaa| rAjA ke sAtha meM 16 sahasra rAjakumAra bhI yAtrA para cle| sabakA pathapradarzana hIrAmana totA kara rahA thaa| ___ ratanasena mArga kI ApadAoM ko jhelatA huA kaliMga deza phuNcaa| kaliMga se jahAjoM meM baiThakara siMhaladvIpa kI ora solaha sahasra yogI rAjakumAroM ke sAtha ratanasena cala par3A / sAta samudroM ko pAra karake vaha siMhaladvIpa pahu~cA / hIrAmana tote ne sabhI ko zivamaMdira meM ThaharA diyaa| ratanasena se usane kahA ki vasantapaJcamI ke dina padmAvatI yahA~ pUjana karane AtI hai ataH tabataka yahIM ThaharanA hogaa| horAmana padmAvatI ke pAsa calA gyaa| hIrAmana ne padmAvatI se ratanasena ke viSaya meM saba kucha btaayaa| vaha usake lie vikala ho gii| vasantapaJcamI ko vaha maMdira gaI aura vahA~ ratanasena ko dekhaa| ratanasena padmAvatI ko dekhate hI macchita ho gyaa| vaha mUcchita ratanasena ke pAsa gaI aura candana se usake sIne para

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hindI premAkhyAnoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 81 likhakara calI AI ki tUne abhI bhikSA ke yogya yoga nahIM sIkhA hai, jaba samaya AyA to tU so gayA / ratanasena ko jaba ceta huA to vaha jala marane ko udyata huA / parantu usake prema ko saccA jAnakara ziva-pArvatI ne sAkSAt upasthita hokara use Azvasta kiyA aura eka siddhi - guTikA pradAna kI / isa guTikA kI zakti se rAjA ne yogiyoM ke sAtha gar3ha meM praveza kiyaa| gaMdharvasena ne ratanasena ko pakar3akara phA~sI para laTakA dene kI AjJA dii| eka yogI ko Apatti meM dekha pArvatI aura ziva bhATa - dampati ke rUpa meM Aye aura ratanasena rAjA ko padmAvatI ke yogya vara kahakara gaMdharvasena se kahA ki vaha padmAvatI kA vivAha isase kara de / gaMdharvasena ke krodhita hone para yogI bhI krodhita ho gye| kisI prakAra gaMdharvasena ne ziva ko pahacAna liyA aura unake pairoM para mirakara kSamA mA~gI / padmAvatI kA vivAha ratanasena se sampanna huA / idhara siMhaladvIpa meM ratanasena sAnanda rahane lgaa| udhara nAgamatI kI viyoga meM durdazA ho rahI thii| usake viyoga se pazu-pakSI bhI vyAkula the / eka dina eka pakSI ne rAnI se usakI vyathA sunI aura usakA saMdeza lekara siMhaladvIpa pahu~cA / pakSI se cittaur3a aura nAgamatI kA duHkha sunakara ratanasena bahuta duHkhita huA / kucha samaya bAda vaha padmAvatI aura apAra dhanarAzi ko lekara cala par3A / 1 "jina jahAjoM se ve loga A rahe the, samudra meM tUphAna A jAne ke kAraNa saba chinna-bhinna ho gaye / saba sampatti, mitrAdi samudra ke garbha meM samAhita ho gaye / padmAvatI bahakara samudra kI kanyA lakSmI ke pAsa pahuMca gii| lakSmI ne jaba padmAvatI kI kathA sunI to usane apane pitA se sabhI ko khoja lAne kI prArthanA kii| samudra ne sabako milA diyA / ve sabhI cittaur3a vApisa A gaye / nAgamatI pati ko pAkara ati prasanna huI / rAjA ratanasena ke darabAra meM rAghavacetana nAmaka eka paMDita thA / usane eka bAra yakSiNI kI siddhi rAjA ko galata tithi meM dvitIyA batAkara siddha kara diyaa| bAda meM bheda khulane para rAjA ne use dezanikAlA de diyA / usane padmAvatI ko dekhA aura usa para mugdha ho gayA / bAda meM dhana pAne kI lAlasA se usane alAuddIna ke samIpa jAkara padmAvatI ke rUpa kI prazaMsA ko / se 6

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82 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka alAuddIna ne padmAvatI ko pAne kI icchA se eka dUta cittaur3a bhejaa| ratanasena ne sAfa manA kara diyaa| alAuddIna senA lekara A dhamakA / ATha varSa taka vaha gar3ha ko na jIta sakA / anta meM usane eka cAla clii| usane sandhipatra likhakara gar3ha meM praveza kiyaa| vahA~ darpaNa meM padmAvatI ke rUpa ko dekhakara vaha mUcchita ho gyaa| punaH rAjA jaba use gar3ha-dvAra taka chor3ane AyA to usane use bandI banA liyaa| vaha rAjA ko dillI le gayA aura jela meM DAla diyaa| ___ sabhI rAniyA~ duHkhI thiiN| rAjA devapAla ne avasara dekhakara padmAvatI ke pAsa dUtiyoM dvArA ghRNita prastAva bhejA, jisameM vaha asaphala rhaa| padmAvatI ne gorA-bAdala se milakara eka yukti socii| usane solaha so pAlakiyoM ko sajavAkara unameM rAjapUtoM ko savAra karA diyA / pAlakI uThAne vAle bhI rAjapUta hI the / vaha dillI pahu~cI / bAdazAha bahuta prasanna huA / rAnI kI prArthanA para usane rAjA ratanasena ke baMdhana kATa diye| use bAdala aura kucha vIroM ke sAtha citaur3a bheja diyA gyaa| udhara gorA ne vIratA ke sAtha alAuddIna kI senA kA sAmanA kiyaa| parantu sabhI mAre gye| cittaur3a Ane para jaba ratanasena ne devapAla kA ghRNita kArya sunA to usane devapAla para. AkramaNa kara diyaa| isa yuddha meM devapAla aura ratanasena donoM hI mAre gye| nAgamatI aura padmAvatI donoM hI apane pati ke sAtha satI ho giiN| tadanantara alAuddIna apanI senA ke sAtha cittaur3a para car3ha aayaa| bAdala ne usakA sAmanA kiyA parantu usake sAtha samasta rAjapUta kAma A gaye / striyoM ne bhI AtmadAha kara liyaa| alAuddIna ne jaba gar3ha meM praveza kiyA to sarvatra use rAkha ko DheriyA~ hI dikhAI pdd'ii| citrarekhA'-padamAvata ke racayitA jAyaso ko hI yaha racanA hai / citrarekhA bhI eka prema-kathA hai / viSaya kI daSTi se yaha eka choTI racanA hai| prArambha meM kavi padamAvata ko zailI meM hI jagat ke sarjanahAra kI stuti karatA hai| isake bAda mahammada sAhaba, cAra yAra, paigambara Adi 1. jAyasIkRta citrarekhA, saM0-zivasahAya pAThaka, prakA0-hindI pracAraka pustakAlaya, vArANasI, I0 1959.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 83 kA bakhAna kara apanI laghutA kA pradarzana karatA hai| isake bAda kathA calatI hai, jo isa prakAra hai : gomatI nadI ke taTa para candrapura nAmaka eka ramaNIka nagara thaa| vahA~ kA rAjA candrabhAnu thaa| nagara ke sabhI maMdira muktA-mANikoM se jar3e the| vahA~ ko striyA~ svarga ko apsarAoM ke sAmAna thiiN| rAjA kI atIva sundaro 700 rAniyA~ thiiN| mahiSI kA nAma rUparekhA thaa| usake garbha se eka sUndara kanyA utpanna haI / jyotiSiyoM ne usakA nAma citrarekhA rakhA aura use candramA ke samAna, para niSkalaMka btaayaa| rUpa, guNa aura zola meM usake samAna anya koI bhI nahIM hogA, yaha kannauja kI rAnI hogI-Adi aneka bhaviSyavANiyA~ kI giiN| dhIre-dhIre cA~da kI kalA ke samAna vaha bar3hatI gaI / dasaveM varSa ke Ate-Ate usakA badana pUrNimA ke candramA jaisA prakAzita huaa| usake keza bhramara, sarpa aura zeSanAga jaise kAle ho gye| usa gaurAMgI kI jyoti zarad kI pUrNimA jaisI thii| netra khaMjana ke samAna the| bhauMheM dhanuSa aura baraunI bANoM ke samAna tathA palakeM talavAra ke samAna ho gaI thii| ___ jaba vaha sayAnI huI to rAjA candrabhAnu ne brAhmaNoM ko vara kI khoja meM bhejaa| brAhmaNoM ne saikar3oM sthAnoM para vara ko dekhA parantu upayukta vara kahIM nahIM milaa| anta meM ve siMhala ke rAjA siMghanadeva ke yahA~ Aye / * siMghanadeva ke eka lar3akA thA joki kubar3A thaa| brAhmaNa parezAna ho cuke the ataH una logoM ne acchA rAjapATa dekhakara vahIM 'varacchA' de diyaa| una logoM ne nizcaya kara liyA ki vivAha ke samaya dUsarA vara dikhA deMge aura vivAha hone ke bAda dekhA jaayegaa| purohitoM ne svastipATha ke * sAba kUbar3e ko TokA lagA diyaa| lagna nirdhArita kiyA gayA to jyotiSiyoM ne rAha aura candramA kA yoga batAyA aura kahA ki yaha vivAha nahIM hogaa| idhara kannauja nagara ke rAjA kalyANasiMha the| unake pAsa apAra senA, dhana-sampatti tho| parantu putra ke abhAva se atyadhika duHkhI the / unhoMne ghora tapa kiyA, jisake phalasvarUpa unheM putraratna kI prApti huI / paNDita aura sAmudrika jyotiSI Adi padhAre / unhoMne kumAra ko battIsa lakSaNoM se yukta, bhAgyavAn aura saba prakAra se uttama batalAyA / kumAra kA

Page #98
84 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindo premAkhyAnaka nAma prItama ku~vara rakhA gyaa| paNDitoM ne ku~vara ko alpAyu batalAyA / kumAra apanI avasthAnusAra bar3hane lgaa| dasa varSa kI avasthA meM hI kumAra ne apanI senA ekatrita karake zatru para car3hAI kara dii| pitA kalyANasiMha ne putra kI yogyatA para prasanna hokara saba rAjapATa kA bhAra putra ko hI sauMpa diyA / rAjakumAra kI yogyatA se usake mAtA-pitA ko itanA harSAtireka huA ki ve ku~vara kA vyAha racAnA bhI bhUla gaye / paNDitoM kI batAI gaI Ayu meM sirpha DhAI dina jaba zeSa raha gaye taba sabhI karuNa krandana karane lge| unheM pazcAttApa haA ki putra kA vivAha bhI nahIM kiyA aura vaMza kA sUrya asta hone lgaa| prItama ku~vara ne mAtA-pitA ko samajhAyA tathA ghor3e para savAra hokara kAzI kI ora mukti pAne ke lie prasthAna kiyaa| usake prasthAna karate hI kannauja nagara ujAr3a ho gayA / mAtA-pitA kI dazA zocanIya ho gii| candrapura nagara meM citrarekhA ke vivAha kI taiyArI ho rahI thii| usa nagara ke samIpa pahuMcate-pahu~cate dhUpa ke kAraNa ku~vara ne eka vRkSa ko chAyA meM vizrAma kiyaa| kAla ke bhaya se use nIMda A gii| siMghanadeva usI rAha se apane kubar3e beTe kA vivAha karane A rahA thA / saMyogavaza vaha bhI usI chAyA meM vizrAma karane ke lie rukA jahA~ ki pahale se hI prItamasiMha vizrAma kara rahA thaa| siMghanadeva dekhate hI samajha gayA ki prItamasiMha kisI rAjA kA putra hai| usake rUpa ko dekhakara vaha bahuta prasanna huA aura vahIM samIpa meM baiThakara usako paMkhe se havA karane lgaa| itane meM prItamasiMha cauMkakara uTha gyaa| jaba vaha calane lagA to siMghanadeva ne usake paira pakaDa liye aura usakI jAti-kula tathA udAsI kA kAraNa puuchaa| usakI bAteM sunakara siMghanadeva ne apanI samasyA batAI aura Agraha kiyA ki mere kubar3e beTe ke sthAna para tuma Aja rAta vivAha kara lo, kala kAzI cale jaanaa| siMghanadeva ne use bIr3A diyaa| prItamasiMha ko vara ke veza meM lAyA gyaa| vaha apane mana meM kAzI jAne kI bAta soca rahA thaa| rAjA candrabhAnu ke agavAnI karane vAle logoM ne jaba dUlhe ko dekhA to ve saba prasanna hue| bArAta dhUma-dhAma se candrabhAnu ke dvAra para phuNcii| sakhiyoM ne bArAta aura dUlhe ko dekhakara citrarekhA se bar3I-bar3I bAteM

Page #99
hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 85 khiiN| vivAha sampanna huaa| sAta khaNDa ke dhaurahare meM una donoM ko 'sulAyA gyaa| prItama ku~vara ko apane svargArohaNa kI cintA lagI thii| ataH vaha dUlahina kI ora pITha karake capacApa cintA meM nimagna rhaa| kUmArI so gii| jaba pichalA pahara huA taba rAjakumAra ne usa rAjakumArI ke aMcala-paTa para likhA- maiM kannauja ke rAjA kA beTA huuN| jo vidhAtA ne likha diyA hai vaha miTAyA nahIM jA sktaa| merI Ayu mAtra bIsa varSa kI thii| vaha pUrNa ho gaI / kala dApahara ke pUrva maiM kAzI meM mokSa prApta kruuNgaa| tumhAre lie yaha jhaMkhanA huA aura mujhe yaha doSa lgaa|' itanA likhakara prItama ku~vara ghor3e para savAra ho kAzo kI ora cala pdd'aa| prAtaHkAla jaba sakhiyA~ citrarekhA ke samopa gaIM to dekhA ki vaha soI huI hai| usake sabhI sAja-siMgAra achUte haiN| sakhiyoM ne kumArI ko jagAyA aura usake kAMta ke viSaya meM pUchA ki vaha kidhara hai ? tumhAre aMga anAligita hI lagate haiM, isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? sakhiyoM ke bAra-bAra pUche jAne para citrarekhA ne kahA-'mujhe kucha bhI jJAta nhiiN| mujhe to unake darzana bhI na hue| kevala 'pITha' milii| maiMne to unake rUpa ko bhI nahIM dekhaa|' acAnaka usako daSTi apane aMcala para pdd'ii| usane vaha likhA huA par3hakara saba bAteM jAna lI aura svayaM bhI citA meM jalane kA nizcaya kiyaa| isake bAda usane apanA siMdhorA nikaalaa| siMdUra lagAkara aMcala * ko gA~Tha ko hRdaya se lagAkara usane kahA ki yaha gA~Tha prItama ne lagAI hai ataH isI ke sAtha maiM svarga jAU~gI / vahIM unase miluuNgii| prItama kuMvara ne kAzo pahu~ca kara marane kI taiyArI kii| usane dAna denA prArambha kiyaa| dAna lene vAloM meM maharSi vyAsa jI bhI khar3e ho gye| kuMvara ne vyAsa jI ko bhI muTThI bhara kara kahA-'gusAIM ! Apa bhI liijiye|' aura dAna diyaa| vyAsa jI ke mukha se nikala par3A-'ciraMjIva hoo' / rAjakumAra ne Azcarya prakaTa kiyaa| taba vyAsa jI ne smjhaa| phira bhI vyAsa jI ne apanA AzIrvAda brahmA kI ora se hI btaayaa| kumAra kI Ayu kI avadhi bar3ha gii| rAjakuMvara ne vyAsa jI ke caraNoM meM praNAma kiyA / use citrarekhA kI yAda ho AI aura vaha vahA~ se turanta ghor3e para car3hakara cala pdd'aa|

Page #100
. 86 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka idhara citrarekhA citA meM jalane ko udyata thI / ThIka usI samaya use prItama kuMvara dikhAI pdd'e| usane lajjAvaza apanA sira Dhaka liyA aura citA se utara rAjamandira meM calI gii| sakhiyoM ne punaH use sjaayaa| cAroM ora Ananda-sA chA gyaa| jAyasI ne 'prema' kI prasiddha gAthA se kathAnaka ko antima rUpa diyA : koTika pothI par3hi mare, paNDita bhA nahi koi| .... ekai acchara pema kA, par3he so paNDita hoi // madhumAlatI-madhumAlatI nAma kI kathA eka prakhyAta kathA rahI hai| isa nAma kI racanA kA ullekha hameM jAyasI ke padamAvata, usamAnakRta citrAvalI aura banArasIdAsa ke arddha-kathAnaka Adi meM milatA hai| aba yaha alaga prazna hai ki vaha maMjhanakRta madhumAlatI thI athavA koI anya / / astu, maMjhanakRta madhumAlatI jAyaso ke bAda kI racanA hai / isakA racanAkAla san 1545 hai| jAyasI ne jisa madhumAlatI kA ullekha kiyA hai vaha koI dUsarI racanA rahI hogii| isakI kathA pUrNa kAlpanika hai| anya premAkhyAnakoM kI bhAMti isameM bhI antarakathAe~, bArahamAse Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| racanA kI kahAnI bar3I rocaka hai| apsarAoM kA manohara ko le jAnA, yogI kA veza, naukA kA TUTanA Adi aneka kathAnaka-abhiprAyoM kA bhI prayoga milatA hai / kathA isa prakAra hai : kanaigirigar3ha nAmaka sundara nagara meM sUrajabhAna rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usake koI santAna nahIM thii| isI bIca koI tapasvI vahA~ aayaa| rAjA ne tapasvI kI bAraha varSa sevA kii| phalataH rAjA ko putrotpatti huii| jyotiSiyoM ne lagna vicArakara usakA nAma manohara rakhA / isako caudaha varSa gyAraha mahIne kA hone para prema-viyoga hogA aura eka varSa taka bhttkegaa| pA~caveM varSa meM usane vidyA Arambha kii| bAraha varSa meM samasta vidyAoM meM pAraMgata huA / rAjakumAra jaba bAraha varSa kA huA to rAjA ne usakA rAjatilaka kara diyA aura svayaM tapasyA ko calA gyaa| 1. ( ka ) DA0 zivagopAla mizra dvArA sampAdita, hindI pracAraka, vArANasI, I0 1957. ( kha ) DA0 mAtAprasAda gupta dvArA sampAdita, mitra prakAzana, ilAhAbAda, I0 1961.

Page #101
hindo premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 87 manohara ko saMgIta se bar3A prema thaa| eka dina kucha paradezI nRtya * karane vAle Aye / manohara bAraha baje taka nRtya dekhatA rahA / jaba vaha gAr3ha nidrA meM so gayA to apsarAe~ usake rUpa ko dekhakara usake anukUla kanyA rAjakumArI madhumAlatI ke pAsa use zayyAsahita mahAsaranagara uThA le giiN| madhumAlatI zayana kara rahI thii| usI kI zayyA ke pAsa isakI zayyA DAla donoM ke rUpa nikharane lgiiN| bAda meM apsarAoM ke cale jAne para donoM kI nIMda khulii| ve donoM eka-dUsare para mohita ho gye| donoM apanA-apanA prema eka-dUsare para prakaTa karate haiM aura ekadUsare kA paricaya prApta karate haiN| kumAra kI premavArtA suna mAlatI ko apane pUrvajanma kI bAta smaraNa ho aaii| donoM bAteM karate-karate eka hI seja para so jAte haiN| apsarAeM manohara ko usake ghara pahu~cA detI haiN| idhara sakhiyoM ne madhumAlatI kI dazA dekhI to saba samajha giiN| madhumAlatI ne bhI unase kucha chipAyA nhiiN| manohara aura madhumAlatI eka-dUsare ke viyoga se vyAkula rahane lagate haiN| manohara apanI dhAya se apane prema ko bAta batalAtA hai| bAda meM kisI kI bAta na mAnakara vaha yogI ke veza meM madhumAlatI kI khoja meM cala par3atA hai| vaha samudra meM naukA dvArA yAtrA karatA hai / tUphAna Ane se naukA TUTa jAtI hai| sabhI sAthI bichur3a jAte haiN| eka lakar3I ke takhte para baiThakara manohara eka jaMgala ke kinAre para pahu~catA hai| ___ jaMgala meM eka seja para use eka sundara yuvatI dikhAI dii| rAjakumAra ke pUchane para vaha apanA nAma premA batalAtI hai / citravizrAmapUra ke rAjA citrasena kI vaha kanyA hai| vaha batalAtI hai ki eka bAra vaha apanI sakhiyoM ke sAtha khela rahI thI ki eka rAkSasa use uThA laayaa| jaMgala meM eka varSa se usane kisI manuSya ko nahIM dekhA / premA kI kahAnI se manohara ko yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki madhumAlatI usake bacapana kI sakhI hai| premA ke diye hue astra se manohara rAkSasa ko mAratA hai / premA ko sAtha le vaha citravizrAmapUra pahu~ca jAtA hai| usake pitA manohara kA svAgata karate haiM / eka vizeSa tithi ko madhumAlatI apanI mAM ke sAtha premA ke ghara AyA karatI thii| madhumAlatI isa bAra premA ke prayatna se manohara se milatI hai / madhumAlatI ko mAM ko patA cala jAtA hai to vaha use zApa

Page #102
88 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka de DAlatI hai| zApa ke kAraNa madhumAlato pakSI banakara ur3a jAtI hai| pakSI ke rUpa meM ur3atI huI vaha mAnagar3ha ke kuMvara tArAcanda ko dekhatI hai| tArAcanda ko vaha apanI kahAnI batalAtI hai / tArAcanda manohara se use milA dene kI pratijJA karatA hai| use piMjar3e meM sAtha lekara tArAcanda apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha mahAsaranagara pahu~catA hai| madhumAlatI ke mAtApitA ko jaba yaha patA lagatA hai to ve use zApamukta karate haiN| tArAcaMda se madhumAlatI ke vivAha kA una logoM ne prastAva kiyA to tArAcanda madhumAlatI ko apanI bahana batA detA hai| madhumAlatI ko mAM saba' .. samAcAra premA ke pAsa pahu~cAtI hai| apanI mAM se chipAkara apanI eka varSa ko pakSIrUpa ko vyathA ko likhakara premA ke pAsa bhejatI hai| yaha saba varNana bArahamAse ke rUpa meM hai| saMyoga se isI samaya manohara yogI ke veza meM premA ke nagara meM pahuMcatA hai| premA, aura manohara kA saMdeza pAkara : madhamAlatI ke mAtA-pitA use sAtha le premA ke nagara pahuMcate haiN| manohara aura madhumAlatI kA vivAha hotA hai| premA aura tArAcanda kA vivAha ho jAtA hai| kucha dina vahA~ rahane ke bAda donoM dampati apane-apane gharoM ko lauTa jAte haiN| ___ anta meM maMjhana likhate haiM ki prema kI zaraNa meM jAkara ho koI kAla kI capeTa se baca sakatA hai| prema kI zaraNa-zAlA aisA sthAna hai jahA~ amRta zobhita hotA hai aura jaba taka kAvya-zarIra banA rahatA hai, premI kA nAma bhI isa saMsAra meM banA rahatA hai| citrAvalI'-kavi usamAnakRta citrAvalI kA racanAkAla san 1613 hai| anya safI premAkhyAnakoM kI bhA~ti hI kavi ne ghaTanAoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| yaugika kriyAeM, jaise-luka aMjana lagAkara gAyaba ho jAnA Adi kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| Azcarya tattvoM kI bhI kavi ne yojanA kI hai, jaise-deva kA rAjakumAra sujAna ko lekara citrasena ke rAjya rUpanagara ur3a jAnA aura pUnaH use sUbaha taka lAkara maDhI meM sUlA denA / kucha Azcaryajanaka ghaTanAe~ bhI haiM, jaise-ajagara sujAna ko nigala jAtA hai / parantu sujAna ko virahajvAlA thI, isase ajagara kA peTa jalane lagA 1. citrAvalI, sampA0-jagamohana varmA, pra0-nA0pra0 sabhA, kAzI..

Page #103
hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 89 aura usane sujAna ko ugala diyaa| aise kAryoM se kathA rocaka bana par3I hai| kathA isa prakAra hai : nepAla ke rAjA dharanIdhara niHsantAna the / ziva se yAcanA karane para unheM sujAna nAmaka putra paidA huaa| usane kucha kAla meM hI saba vidyAe~ sIkha liiN| use mRgayA kA bahata zauka thaa| eka dina sadala-bala vaha AkheTa se lauTa rahA thA / A~dhI A jAne se vaha mArga bhUla gayA aura eka deva kI mar3hI meM jAkara so gyaa| vaha deva apane dUsare deva mitra ke sAtha rUpanagara ko rAjakumArI citrAvalI kI varSagAMTha kA mahotsava dekhane gyaa| soye hue sujAna ko bhI vaha apane sAtha letA gyaa| devoM ne rAjakumAra ko citrasArI meM sulA diyaa| jAgane para citrasAro meM citrAvalI ke citra ko dekhakara vaha usa para mohita ho gyaa| usane vahA~ rakhe hue raMga aura tUlikA se apanA citra banAyA aura use rAjakumArI ke citra ke barAbara TAMga kara so gyaa| deva lauTate samaya use lete gye| prAtaH jAgane para rAta kI ghaTanA se vaha vikala ho gyaa| iso samaya use khojate-khojate kucha loga vahA~ Aye aura use livAkara cale gaye / citrAvalI kA viyoga rAjakumAra ko asahya ho gyaa| usake mitra subuddhi ne eka yukti btaaii| usI ke anusAra donoM mitra usI mar3hI meM rahane lage aura dAnasatra khola kara calAne lge| udhara citrAvalI ne jaba rAjakumAra kA citra dekhA to vaha bhI viraha meM vikala ho gaI / eka kuTIcara ne rAjakumAra ke citra kI sUcanA rAnI ko de dii| rAnI ne isa citra ko dhulavA diyaa| idhara eka napuMsaka bhRtya rAjakumAra ko rUpanagara le gyaa| vahA~ zivamaMdira meM citrAvalI aura rAjakumAra ne eka-dUsare ko dekhaa| jo kuTIcara citrAvalI ne nikAla diyA thA usane rAjakumAra ko aMdhA kara diyA aura use guphA meM chor3a diyaa| vahA~ use eka ajagara nigala gayA / parantu usakI virahAgni se dagdha ho ajagara ne use ugala diyA / eka vanamAnuSa ne use aMjana diyA jisase use dikhAI dene lgaa| thor3o dera bAda use eka jaMgalI hAthI ne pakar3a liyaa| parantu eka bRhad pakSI use AkAza meM le ur3A jisase hAthI ne use chor3a diyA aura vaha eka samudra meM gira gyaa| vahAM se nikalakara vaha sAgaragar3ha pahu~cA aura kaMvalAvatI ko puSpa-vATikA meM vizrAma karane lgaa| vahA~ rAjakumArI use

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90 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka dekhakara mohita ho gii| ghara pahu~cakara usane use bhojana para bulAyA aura hAra kI corI lagAkara use bandI banA liyA / kaMvalAvatI ke saundarya para mugdha ho sohila nAma ke rAjA ne sAgaragar3ha para AkramaNa kara diyaa| sujAna ne apane parAkrama se use parAsta kara diyaa| usane kaMvalAvatI se pariNaya kara liyaa| parantu yaha nizcaya kiyA ki citrAvalI ke milane taka vaha saMyama se rahegA / vaha rAjakumArI ke sAtha giranAra-yAtrA para niklaa| saMyoga se citrAvalI ne jo yogI bhejA. thA vaha bhI giranAra phuNcaa| rAjakumAra kA saMdeza lekara vaha citrAvalI ke pAsa lauTa gyaa| punaH yogI ke veza meM vaha rAjakumArI kA eka patra lekara sAgaragar3ha AyA aura rAjakumAra ko apane sAtha rUpanagara le gayA / kathaka dvArA sohila ke yuddha kI gAthA sunakara rAjA ko citrAvalI ke. vivAha ko cintA huI / usane cAroM dizAoM meM rAjakumAroM ke citra lAne ko cAra citrakAra bheja diye| sujAna ke pAsa jo dUta rAjakumArI ne bhejA usakI sUcanA rAnI ko mila gaI / vaha sujAna ko rAste meM baiThAkara nagara meM A rahA thA ki bandI banA liyA gayA / isase vilamba haA aura rAjakumAra pAgala kI taraha citrAvalI kA nAma le-lekara pukArane lgaa| rAjA ne usakA vadha karane ko eka hAthI bhejA jise usane mAra ddaalaa| rAjA svayaM use mArane ko udyata haA ki citrakAra ne sujAna kA citra diyA aura batAyA ki isI ne sohila ko mArA thaa| rAjA ne citra se rAjakumAra ko pahacAnA aura use apane mahala meM le aayaa| citrAvalI kA pANigrahaNa usake sAtha huaa| sAgaragar3ha se sujAna ke jAne ke bAda kaMvalAvatI duHkhI rahane lgii| usane haMsamitra ko dUta banAkara rUpanagara bhejaa| usane bhramara ko anyokti se rAjakumAra ko sUcanA do| use kaMvalAvatI kA smaraNa A gayA aura vaha citrAvalI ko lekara sAgaragar3ha aayaa| vahA~ se kaMvalAvatI ko lekara vaha samudrI mArga se naukA dvArA nepAla kI ora ravAnA huaa| samudra meM tUfAna Ane se naukA TUTa gii| kisI prakAra kaThinAiyoM ko pAra karake vaha nepAla phuNcaa| vahA~ rAjA ne use sArA rAjapATa sauMpa diyaa| usane donoM rAniyoM ke sAtha bahata samaya taka rAjya kiyaa|

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 91 premAkhyAnakoM meM saMketita premAkhyAna * ukta premAkhyAnaka kAvyoM meM se katipaya aise bhI AkhyAnaka kAvya haiM jinameM kathA-paramparA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jAyasI ne apanI racanA padmAvatI meM kucha kathAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai : vikrama dhaMsA prema ke vArA / sapanAvati gaeu pAtArA // madhu pAcha mugadhAvati laagii| gaganapUra hoigA vairaagii|| rAjakuMvara kaMcanapura gaeU / miragAvati kahaM jogI bhyuu|| sAdha kuMvara khaMDAvata joguu| madhumAlati kara konha viyoguu|| premAvati kaha~ surasara saadhaa| uSA lagi anirudha vara baaNdhaa|' jAyasI kI ukta sUcI se yaha to nizcitaprAya hai ki unake grantharacanAkAla ma ( 1 ) svapnAvatI, (2) mugdhAvatI, ( 3 ) mRgAvatI, ( 4 ) madhumAlatI, ( 5 ) premAvatI aura ( 6 ) uSA-aniruddha kI kathAe~ likhI jA cukI thiiN| 17vIM zatAbdI ke kavi banArasIdAsa ne apane Atmacarita meM isa Azaya kI sUcanA dI hai : tava ghara meM baiThe raheM jAhiM na hATa baajaar| madhumAlatI miragAvatI pothI doi udAra // te bAMcahi rajanI same Avahi nara dasa bIsa / gAvai aru bAteM karahiM nita uThi dehi asiis|| : isa prakAra inhoMne do pothiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ___ usamAna ne apane kAvya citrAvalI meM miragAvatI, padamAvatI aura madhumAlato ina tIna kA varNana kiyA hai : mRgAvatI mukha rUpa baserA / rAjakuMvara bhayo prema aherA // siMhala padumAvati moruupaa| prema kiyo hai citaura bhuupaa| madhumAlati hoi rUpa dekhAvA / prama manohara hoi tahaM AvA // 3 isake bAda rasaratanakAra ne bhI katipaya premakathAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai : 1. paM0 rAmacandra zukla, jAyasI-granthAvalI, pR0 100. 2. banArasIdAsa, ardha-kathAnaka, saM0-nAthUrAma premo, hi0 gra0 ra0 bambaI, I0 1957. 3. usamAnakRta citrAvalI, saM0-jagamohana varmA, pR0 13. ...

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92 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka damayantI-nala prIti kahAnI, bhASati sarasa madhura mukha baanii| . bahuta Ananda prema guna gAvai, eka-eka acchara samujhAvai // mAdhava kAma ko kIrti bakhAno, jihi suni mana bisarAvai raanii| uSA kathA jabai anusArI, tava citaI bhari naina kumArI // citrarekha anuruddha ko lAI, jaba USA manamathya staaii| madhumAlati soM kuMvara milAvA, so kavitA guna gAnani gAvA // (caMpA0 78 ) citrita sakala premarasa prItI, mAdhau kAmakandalA riiti| agnimitra yaurAvata dhAtA, bharatari prema piMgalA raataa|| . (svayaM0 233-34). ina vibhinna premAkhyAnakoM kI ullikhita kathAoM meM se mAtra do mRgAvatI aura madhumAlatI kI hI upalabdhi huI hai| zeSa ullikhita . kathAeM hindI meM prApta nahIM haiN| ina kathAoM ke viSaya meM pIche likhA gayA hai| ___kathAkAvyoM ke zilpagata vikAsa kI daSTi se una para vicAra karane ke bAda patA calatA hai ki lagabhaga sabhI premAkhyAnoM ne apane pUrvavartI premAkhyAnoM ke patha kA anugamana kiyA hai| kathAvinyAsa, caritra, kathoddezya, vastuvarNana, nagaravarNana, hATavarNana, sarovara-varNana; yuddha-sAmagrIvarNana aura prasAdhana-sAmagro-varNana Adi meM prAyaH eka jaisI varNana-paripATiyA~ dekhane ko milatI haiN| udAharaNa ke lie zAyada hI koI premAkhyAnaka aisA ho jisake nAyaka-nAyikA ke mAtA-pitA ko santAna na hone kA duHkha na rahA ho| bAda meM ziva-pArvatostuti athavA yogI Adi kI iSTasiddhi se saMtAna ko prApti aura usa santAna ke bhaviSya kI jyotiSiyoM dvArA ghoSaNA / bhaviSya kI ghoSaNA meM prAyaH prema-viraha ko ghaTanA kA samAveza, kisI daivI sahAyatA kA honA Adi bAteM Avazyaka rUpa se mileNgii| ina udAharaNoM ko khojane ke lie kinhIM viziSTa kAvyoM kA nAmollekha karanA isalie Avazyaka nahIM hai ki yaha tathya sabhI premAkhyAnakoM ( apavAdasvarUpa eka-do ko chor3akara ) ko thAtI hai / 1. puhakarakRta rasaratana, saM0-DA0 zivaprasAda siMha, pR0 138.. 2. vahI, pR0 191.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA aitihAsika vikAsa : 93 pramAkhyAnakoM meM eka bAta aura dekhane ko milatI hai vaha hai nAyaka kA yogIveza dhAraNa karanA / jaise-chitAIvArtA meM soraMsI yogI banatA hai, candAyana kA nAyaka loraka, padamAvata meM ratanasena, madhumAlatI meM manohara, citrAvalI meM sujAna aura mRgAvatI kA nAyaka ye sabhI apanI premikAoM kI prApti ke lie yogI banate haiN| puhakara, nArAyaNadAsa, dAUda, kutUvana, maMjhana aura usamAna Adi sabhI ne nAyikAoM kA zikha-nakha varNana kiyA hai, jisameM keza, lalATa, bhRkuTi, nAsikA, nayana, kapola, adhara, daMtapaMkti, karNa, grIvA, vakSasthala, kUca, kaTi ,nitamba Adi sabhI kA vizada varNana hai| nAyikA ke viraha-varNana ko camatkArika aura gaMbhIra karane ke lie sabhI ne SaDRtuoM yA bArahamAse kI paddhati apanAI hai| virahiNI nAyikA apanA sandeza kisI pakSI dvArA ( jaise-nAgamatI ke viraha kA saMdeza siMhala lekara eka pakSI jAtA hai ) athavA zuka dvArA athavA banajAroM kI TolI Adi se nAyaka ke pAsa bhejato hai| usa saMdeza kI upekSA koI bhI nAyaka nahIM krtaa| kinhIM-kinhIM kathAoM ke kathAnakoM meM athavA kathAnaka-abhiprAyoM meM kAphI sAmya bhI dekhA gayA hai| ina sabase yaha pramANita ho jAtA hai ki hindI premAkhyAnaka apane pUrvavartI sAhitya ke vikasita rUpa haiN| .

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adhyAya 3 hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa 'zilpa' kalA kA avibhAjya aMga hai jo kalAkAra kI amUrta bhAvanA ko sAkAra rUpa pradAna karatA hai| AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI se maiMne zilpa-viSaya kI jAnakArI ke lie apanI jijJAsA prakaTa kI to unhoMne batAyA ki zilpa eka aisA prANatattva hai jise tathAkathita vastu se alaga karake nahIM dekhA jA sktaa| matalaba yaha ki jisa vastuviSaya kA zilpa hai, yadi vaha usa vastuviSaya se pRthaka kara diyA jAya to pUrvokta. vastu yA viSaya niSprANa ho jaaegaa| yoM to kalA meM zilpa kA vikAsa saiddhAntika pakSa se pRthak mAnA jA sakatA hai, parantu vyavahAra meM use abhivyakti se pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| mAdhyama ke upayoga kI mahattA para adhika jora diyA jA sakatA hai, use kalAtmaka kathya ke svarUpa se pUrNatayA alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa prakAra jahA~ kalA-vaiziSTya kA saiddhAntika adhyayana ho sakatA hai vahA~ 'acchI takanIka' yA zilpa ko paribhASA 'vaha yogyatA' hogI jo pUrva nirdhArita abhivyakta prabhAva kI prApti ke lie kisI mAdhyama meM prayoga kI gaI ho|' 1. The development of technique in the arts is theoretically, but not practically separable from the development of expression. While facility in the use of a medium may be stressed in education and developed by practice, it can never be completely divorced from the character of an artistic statement. Thus while virtuousity may be theoretical studies, "good technique" must be defined in practice as the ability to employ a medium adequately to achieve a predetermined expressive effect. Encyclopaedia of the Arts, p. 999, edited by Dagobert Runes and H. G. Schrickles, Peter Owen, London, 1965.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 95 eka sAdhAraNa-sA udAharaNa lekara isa kathana ko spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai - bar3haI jaba eka kursI banAtA hai taba usake mastiSka meM kursI kA pUrva - nirdhArita DhAMcA ( sTrakcara ) rahatA hai aura usI ke anusAra vaha kASTha kI paTTiyoM ko chIlakara unheM DhA~ce ke anusAra jor3a detA hai / nirmita kursI ke AkAra meM nirmAtA ne jo zilpa gar3hA hai use kursI se alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / hA~, kursI ke DhA~ce ko alabattA alagAyA jA sakatA hai| ThIka isI prakAra racanAkAra, kalAkAra aura kathAkAra apanI-apanI anubhUtiyoM se apanI kRtiyoM ko to racanA karatA hI hai, zilpa aura vidhA kI bhI sarjanA karatA hai / TAlsTAya kA kathana hai - ' pratyeka mahAn kalAkAra Avazyaka rUpa se apanI vidhA ( phArma ) kA bhI nirmAtA hotA hai / " 'phArma' athavA vidhA kA svarUpa kaisA hai ? yaha eka alaga prazna hai / racanAkAra, kalAkAra yA kathAkAra apane 'phArma' kA nirmAtA to hotA hai parantu 'phArma' kA sugaThana evaM usako suDaulatA Adi Avazyaka guNa nirmAtA ko kSamatA aura vyaktitva para nirbhara karate haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki 'phArma' paramparA ( TreDozana ) se jur3A nahIM rahatA, vaha pIr3hI dara pIr3hI badalatA rahatA hai / " kalAkAra sadaiva naye zilpa kI talAza meM rahate haiM aura unakA yaha prayatna tabataka calatA rahegA. jabataka ki ve apane kArya se santuSTa nahIM ho jaate| sTIvensana ke mata se bhI 'saccA kalAkAra pratyeka naye viSaya ke sAtha apane DhaMga ( methaDa ) ko alagAtA jAyagA / " yahI nahIM, upanyAsoM kI zilpa-vidhi ke sambandha meM skATa jemsa ne jo mata vyakta kiyA hai use yahA~ uddhRta kiyA jA sakatA hai / skATa jemsa kA mata hai ki * sAdhanApUrvaka likhA pratyeka upanyAsa zilpa- zailI meM apanI pRthak samasyA upasthita karatA hai / " pratyeka upanyAsa jo upanyAsa kahalAne ke yogya 1. " That every great artist necessarily creates his own form also."--- Novelist on the Novels, p. 265. 2. "Form is not tradition. It alters from generation to generation."--E. M. Forster, Two Cheers for Democracy, p. 103. 3. "Artists always seek a new technique and will continue to do so as long as their work excites them."-Ibid. 4. "With each new subject...the true artist varies his method."-Novelist on the Novels, P. 82. 5. "Every carefully written novel presents its own separate problem in method and technique."

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96 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka hai, apane pRthak niyama rakhatA hai| bhAvAtmaka krAnti lAne ke lie abhinava zilpa athavA takanIka ko apekSA hotI hai| jaba saMsAra ko jAnane ke paramparAgata mArga avaruddha ho jAte haiM taba vyAkhyA karane ke rur3hivAdI DhaMga bhI amAnya ho jAte haiN| isI kAraNa DA0 rUtha ke mata se 'kalA ko nitya nayA hote rahanA cAhie / usakA racanAtmaka prabhAva abhinava AzcaryakArI tattvoM para nirbhara karatA hai| eka bAra prastutIkaraNa ko navInatA jahA~ dhUmila huI nahIM ki pAThaka use chor3a apane dainika kAryoM meM saMlagna ho jAtA hai| uparyukta uddharaNoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kalAkAra apane yuga ke anurUpa abhinava zilpa ko hamezA talAza karate rahate haiN| yaha abhinavatA kyA paramparA se pUrNataH vicchinna hokara hI AtI hai ? aisA nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki paramparA aura atIta paryAyavAcI.nahIM haiM / paramparA kA artha hI hai| apane se bhinna ke sAtha sambaddha hotI haI prakriyA / yAnI paramparA hamezA apane ko yugAnurUpa badala letI hai jabaki atIta kisI khAsa kAlakhaNDa meM sImita hokara ruka jAtA hai / paramparA gatizIla prakriyA hai, vaha purAne se anAvazyaka ko chor3akara aura naye se jIvaMta ko pakar3akara apanA saMtulana banAye rahatI hai| zilpa ke sAtha bhI aisA hI hotA hai / koI zilpa ayAtataH nayA nahIM ho sktaa| takanIka athavA racanA-vidhAna naye ho sakate haiM, parantu ve kahIM na kahIM paramparA se sUtrabaddha avazya dRSTigocara hoNge| yadi kathAkAra athavA racanAkAra ko aisA kucha kahanA hai jo pahale nahIM kahA gayA thA to saMbhavataH vaha apane prayoga ke lie Thoka DhaMga aura viSaya 1. Writers at Work, p. 37. 2. A revolution in sensibility demands new techniques. When traditional ways of knowing the world collapse, traditional forms of expression are invalidated. -A. Wal ton Litz, Art of James Joyce, p. 53. 3. Art must always be renewed. Its creative influence depends on surprise. When once the freshness of the presentment has faded, the reader relapses into his daily habits.-Dr. H. V. Routh, English Literature and Ideas in the Twentieth Century, p. 2.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 97 nahIM pA sakegA / " jAna vena kA yaha kathana pUrNataH satya pratIta hotA hai / hindI premAkhyAnakoM ke adhyayana ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki pUrvavartI apabhraMzAdi meM racita prema kAvyoM se hindI ke premAkhyAnaka ne zilpa-zailI aura DhaMga meM bahuta kucha liyA hai| isa sandarbha meM bhASA, kAla aura racanAkAra kI ruci kA prabhAva to svIkAra karanA hI hogA / spaSTatA yoM kahe ki hindI - premAkhyAna ke zilpa para apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM kA prabhAva avazya par3A parantu ve hU-bahU unhIM kI nakala nahIM haiM / zilpa zabda ke lie zithila DhaMga se kauzala, sthApatya, takanIka, DhaMga, rIti, zailI, vidhAna, viSaya aura AkRti ( kaNTeNTsa eNDa phArmsa ) Adi zabda bhI prayukta kiye jAte haiM / vicAraNIya yaha hai ki zilpa zabda ke pracalita artha kyA haiM? kisI bhI kathA, kahAnI, nATaka yA upanyAsa ko zreSThatama karAra dene meM usakA prabhAvotpAdaka zilpa hI mukhya hotA hai / upanyAsoM ke zilpa-vidhAna para vicAra prakaTa karate hue meNDilo likhate haiM ki jitane jIvaMta upanyAsa haiM utanI hI takanIkeM haiM / vAstava meM kisI ko upanyAsa kI takanIka kI apekSA upanyAsoM kI takanIkoM para carcA karanI caahiye| asala meM zilpa ko saba kucha mAnane vAloM kI saMkhyA kucha kama nahIM hai| mArka zodara kA kathana hai ki jaba hama zilpa kI carcA karate haiM taba hama lagabhaga pratyeka vastu ( racanA ) kI carcA karate haiM / isI pratyeka vastu meM racanAkA dRSTikoNa bhI sammilita hai aura vaha zilpavidhi meM jur3akara use vyApaka banAtA hai / 'aupanyAsika gaThana meM * 1. If he has something to say that has not been said before, it is very unlikely that he will find, ready for use, exactly the right form and content in step.-John Wain, Essays on Literature & Ideas, p. 3. 2. There are thus as many techniques as there are living novels. Indeed one should not talk of the technique of the novel, but of techniques of novels.-Time and the Novel, p. 234-235. 3. When we speak of technique, then, we speak of nearly everything.-Technique as Discovery, Forms of Modern Fiction, p. 9. 7

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98 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka dRSTikoNa zilpa kA mUlabhUta siddhAnta hai / eka yA dUsare dRSTikoNaM ko grahaNa karane meM viSayavastu, caritra-citraNa, vAtAvaraNa, vistAra sabhI kucha sImA taka nizcita hote haiN|'' ___ lyUbaka ne racanA ke rUpAkAra ( phArma ) ko racanAkAra ke vicAroM yA uddezyoM kA sAdhana mAnA hai / 2 zilpa kA artha karate hue paM0 sItArAma caturvedI likhate haiM-'kisI bhI kalAkRti meM vizeSa saundarya utpanna karane kA jo bauddhika niyojana kiyA jAtA hai usI ko kauzala kahate haiN|'' yaha zIrSaka-kauzala, itivRtta-puruSa-kauzala, rUpakauzala,prabandha-kauzala. pAtrayojanA-kauzala,lakSya-kauzala aura varNana-kauzala ke rUpa meM Ayojita kiyA jAtA hai| DA0 nemicandra zAstrI 'Tekanika' kA sthApatya artha karate hue usakI paribhASA dete haiM ki 'citrakAra ne jisa prayatna ke sahAre apane citra ko pUrNa kiyA hai, vaha usakI zailI mAnA jAyegA aura bhAvAbhivyakti kI samasta prakriyA Tekanika yA sthApatya kahIM jaayegii| kathA meM bhAvoM ko nizcita rUpa dene ke liye jo vidhAna prastuta kiye jAte haiM, jisa prakriyA . ko apanAyA jAtA hai, vahI usakA sthApatya hai|' prAkRta kathA-sAhitya ke sthApatya para vicAra prastuta karate samaya DA0 nemicandra zAstrI ne prAkRtakathAoM meM prayukta sthApatyoM kA savistAra ullekha apane zodha-prabandha meM kiyA hai| prAkRta jaina kathA-sAhitya aura apabhraMza jaina kathA-sAhitya kI 1. The point of view, it is apparent, is the fundamental principle of technique in the novel structure. By the adaptation of one or another point of view, plot, characterisation, tone, description are all to some degree determined. -Carl H. Grabo, Technique of Novel, p. 81. 2. The form of the book depends on it (the intention of the novelists) and until it is known there is nothing to be said of form.---Lubbock, Craft of Fiction, p. 12. 3. paM0 sItArAma caturvedI, zailI aura kauzala, pR0 32. 4. vahI, pa0 455. 5. DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana, pR0 121.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 99 viSayavastu lagabhaga eka hI rahI hai| isakA kAraNa yaha rahA hai ki jainoM kA jitanA bhI kathA-sAhitya hai-cAhe vaha prAkRta, apabhraMza yA saMskRta meM ho-kahIM na kahIM unake tirasaTha zalAkA puruSoM ke jIvana-caritoM athavA jainadharma ke pratipAdana se sambadhita vicAroM se jur3A huA rahatA hai / unake viSayoM meM vaibhinya rahane para bhI uddezyoM meM sAmya dekhA jAtA hai / ataeva prAkRta-apabhraMza kathA-sAhitya ke sthApatya meM koI vizeSa maulika antara kA na pAyA jAnA svAbhAvika hai / DA0 nemicandra jI ne prAkRta kathAsAhitya ke jina sthApatyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai unake mAtra nAma denA yahA~ saMgata hogA : 1. vattA-zrotArUpa kathA-praNAlI, 2. pUrvadIptipraNAlI, 3. kAla-mizraNa, 4. kathottha-praroha-zilpa, 5. soddezyatA, 6 anyApadezikatA, 7. rAjaprAsAda-sthApatya, 8. rUparekhA kI muktatA, 9. varNana-kSamatA, 10. maMDana-zilpa, 11. bhogAyatana-sthApatya, 12. prarocana-zilpa, 13. upacAravakratA, 14. etihya-AbhAsa-parikalpanA, 15. romAMsa-yojanA, 16. siddha pratIkoM kA prayoga aura naye pratIkoM kA nirmANa, 17. pratIkoM kI upayogitA aura vargIkaraNa, 18. kutUhala kI yojanA, 19. aupanyAsikatA, 20. vRttivivecana, 21. pAtrabahulatA, . 22. aucitya-yojanA aura sthAnIya-vizeSatA, 23. caturbhujo svastika sanniveza, 24. udAttIkaraNa, 25. sAmarasya-sRSTi aura preSaNIyatA, 26.. bhAgya aura saMyoga kA niyojana, 27. parAmanovaijJAnika zilpa, .28. alaukika tattvoM kI yojanA, 29. madhyamaulikatA yA avaaNtrmauliktaa| ukta vivecana se itanA to spaSTa hai ki kucha loga zilpa ko bahuta vyApakatA aura vistAra denA cAhate haiN| vAstava meM zilpa ke sambandha meM jaldI nirNaya lenA khatare se khAlI nhiiN| elana TeTa ne to yahA~ taka kahA hai ki upanyAsakAra apane upanyAsa ke viSaya aura usakI racanA (sTrakcara ) ko pAThaka ke sAmane isa taraha mile-jale rUpa meM rakhatA hai ki Alocaka usake mukhya-gauNarUpatA kA parijJAna kadApi nahIM pA sktaa| 1. vahI, pR0 123-146. 2. The novelist keeps before him constantly the structure and substance of his fiction as a whole to a degree to which

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100 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka TI0 esa0 iliyaTa jaise mahAn kavi bho zilpa ko paribhASita karane meM svayaM ko asamartha pAte haiM / 'hama kavitA ke zilpa ko paribhASita nahIM kara sakate, hama nahIM kaha sakate ki zilpa kahA~ se Arambha hotA hai aura usakA anta kahA~ hotA hai / philipa TAyanabI Alocaka kA sArA sAhasa baTorakara kahate haiM ki hama saba racanA aura usake pIche kAma karane vAle tattvoM kI avibhAjyatA ko jAnate haiM, lekina phira bhI yadi hama Alocaka haiM to hameM atyadhika sAvadhAna hokara unake antara ko jAnanA cAhie / vastutaH yaha bAta to saca hai ki racanA se zilpa tattva ko alaga karake nahIM dekhA jA sakatA parantu aisA nahIM ki usa tattva ko samajhA hI nahIM jA sakatA ho / eka bhedaka dRSTi kI sthApanA to karanI hI hogii| mUlataH racanA se zilpatattva ko alaga karake dekhane aura na dekhane kA prazna hai vaha kalA ke sAtha vizeSa rUpa se jur3A huA hai / lekhaka kI sthiti meM kucha bhinna daSTikoNa apekSita hai| kisI bhI lekhaka ko usakI racanA-prakriyA ke lie zilpa sAdhana hai, sAdhya nahIM-kama se kama itanA antara to mAnanA hI caahie| joyasa kerI kA kathana hai ki 'hama sadaiva viSayavastu aura phArma ko avibhAjya mAnane kI bAta karate haiM parantu yaha bAta dArzanika-kalA meM saca ho sakatI hai| lekhaka ke lie aisI sthiti atyadhika pecIdA hai| mArka zorara kA mata : the critic can never apprehend it.-Allen Tate, On th@ Limits of Poetry, p. 130. 1. We observe that we cannot define the technique of verse; we cannot say at what point technique begins or ends.-T. S. Eliot, Sacred Wood, Preface, p. ix-x. 2. "We know all about the inseparability of method from those other elements which lie behind it, but if we are critics we had better beware of knowing too much about it." -- Phillip Toynbee, London Magazine, May 1956. 3. "We are always told that they ( content and form ) are in separable but this is true only in the art of philosophy. For the writer the situation is very much more complex."-- Joyce Cary, Art and Reality, p. 96.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 101 bhI uddharaNIya hai-'viSayavastu yA anubhUti aura ajita viSayavastu yA kalA ke bIca ke antara ko zilpa kahate haiN|" ___ zilpa kI carcA ke prasaMga meM yaha prazna ki kyA kahAnI yA kathA zilpahIna ho sakatI hai ? eka pecIdA prazna hai| isake uttara meM jainendra jI kahate haiM ki-'nahIM ho sktii| kyA koI zizu aisA ho sakatA hai jisake bhotara vaha jaTila yantra na ho jise mAnava-yaSTi kahate haiM ? lekina eka abodhA bhI mAtA bana jAtI hai aura use usa jaTilatA kA kucha patA nahIM hotA jisakA niSpanna rUpa usakA zizu hai / kathA kA zilpa ho sakatA hai aura usako jAnane kI bhI AvazyakatA ho sakatI hai| kintu zarIra-yantra kA kitanA bhI jJAna ho, kyA kevala usa bharose kisI vaijJAnika ne apane meM se zizu kI sRSTi ko hai ? zAyada jJAna apanI khAtira sRSTimarma se saMgata hI nahIM hai| jainendra jI kA iso ke anurUpa eka vaktavya aura bhI hai-'mujhe khyAla hotA hai ki kahIM aisA to nahIM ki kahAnI kalA yA zilpa ho hI nahIM, balki saSTi ho / hara zizu apanA banAva aura svabhAva lekara janmatA hai| do prANI kabhI eka se ho nahIM sakate / kAraNa, ve sRSTa hote haiM, banate nahIM haiM / eka mAtA-pitA.kI santati samAna nahIM ho pAtI / kyoMki pratyeka sRSTi pRthak garbha kA phala hai / yAnI apanA pRthak Ananda, pRthak vedanA / eka phArmUle aura eka yukti meM se jaba jitanI cAheM eka namUne kI vastu nikAlI jA sakatI hai aura isa kAma meM zAyada kucha hunara bhI darakAra ho / para kahAnI likhane meM ThIka vaisA subhItA hotA hai, yaha merA anubhava nahIM hai|'3 ina uddharaNoM se donoM hAthoM meM modaka vAlI ukti adhika cAratArtha hAtI hai| phira bhI jainendra jI jaise kathAkAra zilpa kI AvazyakatA ko naz2arandAja kaise kara sakate the? maiM to yahI samajhA hU~ ki jisa prakAra mAnasavihIna mAnava kI kalpanA karanA vyartha hAgA uso prakAra zilpa-hIna kahAnI yA kathA ko bhii| 1. "The difference between content or experience and achieved content or art is technique." - Technique as Discovery, Forms of Modern Fiction, p. 9. 2. jainendrakumAra, kahAnI : anubhava aura zilpa, pR0 74-75. 3. vahI, sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pR0 354-55.

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102 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka bhavana nirmANa ke lie IMTa, surkhI- cUnA ora sImeMTa Adi Avazyaka sAmagrI hai / ThIka isI prakAra kathA - kahAnI ke lie anubhUti, kathAvastu kI yojanA, caritra avatAraNA Adi tattvoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai aura unhIM kI racanA-prakriyA kA nAma zilpa hai / bhAva prakAzita karane kI jo prakriyA hai vaha zailI hai / zailI zilpa nahIM apitu usakA eka aMga hai / zailI kA sambandha vyakti ke zola se yA bhAva se hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki racanA-prakriyA para racayitA ke zIla kI jo chApa hotI hai vahI usa racanA ko zailI hotI hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki zailI abhivyakti athavA bhAva - prakAzana kA sAdhana hai / parantu koI bhI racanAkAra yA kalAkAra apanI kRti ko saMvAra- sajAkara ho prastuta karanA cAhatA hai arthAt vaha use prabhAvotpAdaka dekhane kI AkAMkSA rakhatA hai | sAhitya kalA meM zailI kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai / zailI usa sAdhana kA nAma hai jo ramaNIya, AkarSaka evaM prabhAvotpAdaka rUpa se vAkzakti ke samasta sarasa tattvoM kI abhivyakti meM abhinava tathA ucita zakti kA saMcAra kare / ' saMskRta sAhitya meM vRtti aura rIti kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / ina zabdoM kA pracalana zilpa sambandhI bhAvoM ke prAkaTya ke lie hI thA / vRtti kA ullekha bharatamuni ne apane nATyazAstra meM kiyA hai / kaizikI, sAtvatI, bhAratI aura ArabhaTI ye cAra prakAra kI vRttiyA~ mAnI gaI haiM / ina vRttiyoM ko bharatamuni ne kAvya kI mAtA mAnA hai ( vRttayaH 1. paM0 karuNApati tripAThI, zailI, pR0 29. 2. vRttiyoM kA lakSaNa isa prakAra diyA hai : kaizikI - yA zlakSNanepathyavidhAnacitrA, strIsaMkulA puSkalanRtyagItA / kAmopabhogaprabhavopacArA, sA kaizikI cAruvilAsayuktA // - AcArya vizvanAtha, sAhityadarpaNa. sAtvatI- - yA satvajeneha guNena yuktA, nyAyena vRttena samanvitA ca / harSotkaTAsaMhRtazobhanAvA, sA sAtvatI nAma bhavettu vRttiH // bhAratI - yA vAkpradhAnA puruSaprayojyA, strIvajitA saMskRtavAkyayuktA / svanAmadheyairbharataiH : prayuktA sA bhAratI nAma bhavettu vRttiH // -- bharatamuni, nATyazAstra.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 103 kaavymaatRkaa)| inakI utpatti ke viSaya meM bharatAnuzAsana meM kahA gayA hai ki bhAratI-vRtti Rgveda se, sAtvatI-vRtti yajurveda se, kaizikI-vRtti sAmaveda se aura ArabhaTI-vRtti atharvaveda se utpanna huI : RgvedAd bhAratI vRttiryajurvedAttu saatvtii| kaiziko sAmavedAcca zeSA cAtharvaNI tthaa|| vAstava meM bharata ne apane nATzAstra meM jina vRttiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai unakI upayogitA nATyazAstra taka hI sImita hai / tathApi vRtti zabda ke itihAsa kI daSTi se isa sthAna para unakA ullekha karanA asaMgata nahIM hai| udbhaTa dUsare paMDita haiM jinhoMne apane 'kAvyAlaMkAra-sArasaMgraha' nAmaka alaMkAragrantha meM paruSA, upanAgarikA aura grAmyA yA komalA nAmaka vattiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / paruSA : jaba kisI anuprAsa meM za, Sa, repha vAle varNa, hU, hU, hya Adi prayukta hote haiN| upanAgarikA : dvirukta varNoM kA prayoga, varga ke akSaroM kA varga-paJcamoM se saMyoga jisameM hotA hai / grAmyA yA komalA : jisameM paruSA aura upanAgarikA vRtti vAle varSoM ke atirikta akSaroM kA saMghaTana, hotA ho|' rudraTa ne apane kAvyAlaMkAra meM vRtti ko samAsAzrita kahA hai| AcArya mammaTa ne upanAgarikA, paruSA tathA komalA * vRtti kA saMketa kiyA hai aura inheM rItiyoM ke antargata hI rakhA hai| rIti ke pramukha pratiSThApakoM meM se vAmana kA nAma prathama hai / unhoMne rIti ko kAvya kI AtmA maanaa| viziSTa pada-racanA ko rIti kA ArabhaTI-yA citryuddhbhrmshstrpaat-maayendrjaalplutilNdhitaayaa| ojasvigurvakSarabandhagADhA, jJeyA budhaiH sA ramaTIti vRttiH // -zRGgAratilaka. .. 1.. zaSAbhyAM rephasaMyogeSTavargeNa ca yojitA / paruSA nAma vRttiH syAt hrahvahyAdyaizca saMyutA / / sarUpasaMyogayutAM mUni vargAntayogibhiH / sparzaryatAM ca manyante upanAgarikAM budhAH // zeSarvagairyathAyogaM kathitAM komalAkhyayA / grAmyAM vRtti prazaMsanti kAvyeSvAdRtabuddhayaH ||-udbhtt, kA0 1. 5. 3. 7. 2. keSAMcidetA vaidarbhI pramukhA rotayo matAH |-kaavyprkaash, 9. 4. 3. rItirAtmA kAvyasya / -kAvyAlaMkAra, 2. 6.

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104 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka lakSaNa mAnA / ' mUlataH to rIti kA sarvaprathama ullekha bhAmaha kA milatA hai / parantu draSTavya yaha hai ki bhAmaha ne 'rIti' zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai / unhoMne jina do mArgoM kA ullekha kiyA hai ve haiM vaidarbha tathA gauDIya / donoM meM se ve kisI eka ko mahattva nahIM dete| ve kahate haiM ki yaha kAvya goDIya hai, yaha vaidarbha hai, isa prakAra kA kathana mUrkhoM kI cAla hai / bhAmaha kA mata hai ki kAvya ke udAtta hone ke lie usakA alaMkAra se yukta honA, arthya, agrAmya, nyAyya tathA anAkula honA Avazyaka hai, isa taraha kA gauDIya mArga bhI ThIka hai aura vaidarbha mArga bhI ThIka hai / vaidarbhI ke guNa anatipoSa, anativakrokti, prasAda, RjutA, komala aura zrutipezalatva haiM / " bhAmaha ke pazcAt daNDI ne bhI mArgoM kA ullekha karate hue gaur3I rIti) ko heya dRSTi se dekhA hai / unake matAnusAra goDI kAvyapaddhati paurastya hai tathA usakI vizeSatA anuprAsa aura zabdAlaMkAraDambara hai / ataH dI vaidarbhI mArga [ rIti ] ko zreSTha mAnate haiM / Cost ke bAda kAvya kI rItiyoM ke viSaya meM bANabhaTTa ke harSacarita meM carcA AI hai| bANa ne kAvya kI cAra paddhatiyoM kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai--' uttaravAsI zleSamaya kAvya ko tathA pazcima ke loga kevala artha ko hI pasanda karate haiM / dakSiNa ke logoM meM utprekSA aura gauDa deza ke logoM meM akSarADambara ko pasanda kiyA jAtA hai / ina cAroM prakAra kA paddhatiyoM kA kAvya meM eka sthAna para milanA durlabha hotA hai / bANa ke anusAra yadi kAvya meM inakA samanvaya ho to vahI uttama kAvya hai / 'navIna artha, agrAmya, svabhAvokti, sarala zleSa, sphuTa rasa aura vikaTa 1. viziSTapadaracanA rItiH / - vahI, 2. 7. 2. gauDIyamidametattu vaidarbhamiti kiM pRthak / gatAnugatika nyAyAnnAkhyeyamamedhasAm // - kAvyAlaMkAra, 1. 32. 3. vahI, 1. 35. 4. vahI, 1. 33. 5. ityanAlocya baiSamyamarthAlaMkAraDambaram avekSyamANA vavRdhe paurastyA kAvyapaddhatiH // - kAvyAdarza, 1. 50. 6. zleSaprAyamudIcyeSu pratIcyeSvarthamAtrakam / utprekSA dAkSiNAtyeSu goDeSvakSaraDambaraH // - harSacarita.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 105 akSaroM kI saMghaTanA kAvya meM durlabha hai|" jaisA ki pUrva meM ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai AcArya vAmana ne 'rIti' zabda kA prathamollekha kiyA hai / ve viziSTa pada-racanA kA rIti kahate haiN| vAmana ne zabdaguNa aura arthaguNa ke bheda se gaNoM ke mukhya do bheda kiye aura unheM roti se saMbaMdhita btaayaa| inhoMne vaidarbhI, gauDA aura pAMcAlo tIna rItiyA~ mAno haiN| ina tInoM rI tayoM meM se vaidarbhI rIti kI vAmana ne sarvAdhika prazaMsA kI hai| vaidarbhI kA hI adhika prayoga karane ko unakI salAha hai kyoMki usameM samasta guNa pAye jAte haiM / anya donoM meM kama guNa pAye jAte haiN| ___ rudraTa ne ukta tInoM rotiyoM meM eka cauthI 'lATIyA' nAmaka rIti aura jor3akara inakI saMkhyA cAra kara dI / inake anusAra 'vaidarbhI aura pAMcAlI rAtiyoM kA upayoga zRMgAraM tathA karuNa rasa meM honA cAhie; bhayAnaka, adbhuta aura raudra raso meM lATI aura gauDI rItiyoM kA yathocita prayoga karanA caahie| AnandavardhanAcArya ne rIti ko saMghaTanA' nAma diyA hai| saMghaTanA tIna prakAra kI mAnI gaI hai-1. samAsarahita, 2. madhyama samAsoM se alaMkRta aura 3. dIrghasamAsayukta / AnandavardhanAcArya ne 'asamAsA' se vaidarbhI, 'samAsena madhyamena ca bhUSitA' se pAMcAlI aura 'dIrgha* samAsA' se goDI rIti kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| inake anusAra saMghaTanA mAdhuryAdi guNoM kA Azraya karatI huI rasoM ko abhivyakta karatI hai| rAjazekhara ne ukta tIna ratiyoM ke atirikta eka cothA 'mAgadhIrIti' kA 1. navo'rtho jAtiragrAmyA zleSo kliSTaH sphuTo rasaH / . . vikaTAkSarabandhazca kRtsnamekatra durlabham ||-vhii. 2.. tAsAM pUrvA grAhyA / guNasAkalyAt / na punaritare stokaguNatvAt / -kAvyAlaMkAra, 1. 2. 14-15. 3. kAvyAlaMkAra, 2, 4-6. 4. vaidarbhIpAMcAlyo preyasikaruNe bhayAnakAdbhutayoH / lATIyAgauDIye raudre kuryAd yathaucityam // -vahI, 15. 20... 5. asamAsA, samAsena madhyamena ca bhuussitaa| . tathA dIrghasamAseti tridhA saMghaTanoditA ||-dhvnyaalok, 3. 5. .. 6. guNAnAzritya tiSThanti, mAdhuryAdIn vyakti saa| rasAn tanniyame heturaucityaM vaktRvAcyayoH ||--vhii 3. 6.

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106 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka bhI ullekha kiyA hai / Age calakara inhIM cAroM rItiyoM meM bhojarAja ne 'avantikArIti' nAmaka eka naI rIti ko svIkArate hue 'sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa meM' vaidarbhI, goDI, pAMcAlI, lATI, AvantI aura mAgadhI ina chaH rItiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| jahA~ do, tIna yA cAra samasta pada hoM tathA jo pAMcAlI aura vaidarbhI ke antarAla meM sthita ho vahA~ AvantIti mAnI gaI hai| . sAhityadarpaNakAra AcArya vizvanAtha ne sAhityadarpaNa ke naveM pariccheda meM rItiyoM ke nAmollekha ke sAtha-sAtha unakI vizada paribhASAe~ bhI dI haiN| inake anusAra rIti, aMga-racanA kI bhA~ti, pada-racanA athavA padasaMghaTanA hai jo ki rasabhAvAdi kI abhivyaMjanA meM sahAyaka huA karatI hai / rIti cAra prakAra kI hai - 1. vaidarbhI, 2. goDI, 3. pAMcAlI aura 4. lATI / 1 vaidarbhI vaha rIti hai jise mAdhurya ke abhivyaMjaka varNoM se pUrNa, asamasta athavA svalpa-samAsayukta lalita racanA kahA gayA hai / vaidarbhI ko rudraTa ne isa prakAra paribhASita kiyA hai - ' vaidarbhI rIti athavA lalitapada-racanA isa prakAra kI huA karatI hai jisameM samasta padAvalI kA prayoga nahIM huA karatA, jahA~ ekAdha pada samasta ho jAya to koI hAni nahIM, jisameM zleSAdi dasoM guNa vidyamAna rahate haiM, jisameM dvitIya varga ke varNoM kA bAhulya sundara lagatA hai aura jisameM aise varNaM rahA karate haiM jo ki svalpa prayatna se uccArita ho sakate haiM / " 1. antarAle tu pAMcAlo vaidarbhyAyavatiSThate / sAvantikA samastaH syAdvitraistricaturaiH padaiH // - sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa, 2.32. 2. padasaMghaTanA rItiraMga saMsthAvizeSavat / upakartrI rasAkInAM - sAhityadarpaNa. 9.1. "sA punaH syAccatuvidhA / vaidarbhI cAtha gauDI pAMcAlI lATikA tathA // - vahI. 4. mAdhuryavyaMjakairvarNe racanA lalitAtmikA / 3. avRttiravRttirvA vaidarbhI rItiriSyate // - vahI, 9. 2. 5. asamastai kasamastA yuktA dazabhiguNaizca vaidarbhI / vargadvitIyabahulA svalpaprANAkSarA ca suvidheyA // rudraTa kAvyAlaMkAra.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 107 gauDI vaha rIti hai jise oja guNa ke abhivyaMjaka vargoM se pUrNa, samAsapracura, udbhaTa racanA kahA gayA hai| jise mAdhurya aura oja ke abhivyaMjaka vargoM ko chor3akara anya avaziSTa varNoM arthAt prasAda ke abhivyaMjaka varNoM se aisI pada-racanA kahA gayA hai jisameM pAMca yA chaH padoM ke samAsoM se bar3e samAsoM kA prayoga nahIM huA karatA, vaha pAMcAlI rIti hai|'2 bhojarAja ne pAMcAlo roti ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki 'pAMcAlI rIti vaha hai jisameM pAMca yA cha: padoM se adhika pada vAle samAsa prayukta nahIM kiye jAte, jisameM oja aura kAnti ke guNa virAjamAna rahA karate haiM aura jo mAdhurya ke abhivyaMjaka kiMvA komala vargoM se pUrNa pada-racanA huA karatI hai|'3 lATI vaha rIti hai jisameM vaidarbhI aura pAMcAlI donoM ko vizeSatAeM antabhaMta hoN| isa prakAra cAra prakAra kI rItiyoM ko vyAkhyA sAhityadarpaNakAra ne kI hai / katipaya kAvyAcAryoM ne cAroM prakAra kI rItiyoM kA saMkSipta svarUpa batAte hue likhA hai ki 'vaidarbhI rIti kA abhiprAya 'madhurabandha', gauDI rIti kA abhiprAya 'uddhatabandha pAMcAlI rIti kA abhiprAya 'mizrabandha' aura lATo rIti kA abhiprAya 'mRdubandha' se hai| zilpa aura zailI ke prasaMga meM mArga, vRtti, rIti aura saMghaTanA Adi ko aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi ke sAtha prastuta karane kA merA uddezya mAtra itanA rahA hai ki hama bhAratIya sAhityazAstra meM zilpa-zailI Adi ke bAre meM pracalita dhAraNAoM kA Akalana kara sakeM aura zilpa ke bAre meM pracalita 1. ojaHprakAzakavaNairbandha ADambaraH punaH / samAsabahulA gauDI.........."-sAhityadarpaNa, 9. 3-4. * 2. ......."varNaH zeSaiH punadvayoH / samastapaMcaSapado bandhaH pAMcAlikA matA ||-vhii, 9. 4. 3. samastapaMcaSapadAmojaH kAntisamanvitAm / madhurAM sukumArAM cha pAMcAlI kavayo viduH ||-vhii, TIkA. 4. lATI tu rItirvaidarbhIpAJcAlyorantare sthitaa| vahI, 9. 5. 5. gauDI DambarabaddhA syAdvaidarbhI llitkrmaa| pAMcAlI mizra bhAvena lATI tu mRdubhiH padaiH // -vahI, pR0 662 se uddhRta.

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108 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka pAzcAtya matoM ke sAtha unakI tulanA kara sakeM / uparyukta rItiyA~ zailiyAM hI haiM / unakA prayoga kathA, AkhyAyikA aura mahAkAvyoM meM hotA thA / parantu draSTavya hai ki zailI zilpa nahIM kyoMki zilpa meM bhAva aura racanAprakriyA donoM kA samAveza hai / vAlTara rele ke anusAra sAhitya kA kArya dvividha hai-- artha ke lie zabda DhUMr3hanA aura zabda ke lie artha DhUMDhanA / ' pratyeka vyakti ko apanI zailI ( sTAila iz2a dI mena himaselpha) hotI hai tathApi vyavasthA kI dRSTi se unakA zreNI - nibandhana bhI hotA hI rahA hai / mahAkAvya, khaNDakAvya, kathA, AkhyAnaka, kahAnI, nATaka, nibandha, patra aura AtmakathA Adi vibhinna vidhAoM kI apanI-apanI vivecya zailiyAM hotI haiM / ye zailiyAM aneka rUpoM meM pracalita haiN| paM0 paraMzurAma caturvedI ne zailiyoM ko rUpazailI aura bhAvazailI ina do bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai | rUpazailI ke antargata unhoMne jina zailiyoM kA nirdeza kiyA haiM' isa prakAra haiM : 1. varNana : sUkSma aura sthUla ke bheda se vyakti, sthAna, vastu, dRzya aura avasara kA, 2. itivRtta yA kathana : (ka) kathA ke rUpa meM, (kha) baccoM ko samajhAI jAne vAlI kahAniyoM ke rUpa meM, (ga) vArtA ke rUpa meM, 3. varNana aura kathana ( itivRtta) mizrita, 4. kavitA : (ka) muktaka, (kha) pragIta (ga) uktibandha, (gha) varNanAtmaka kavitA, 5 . gIta, 6. padya prabandha, 7. gadyaprabandha, 8. patra, 9. samIkSA, 10 dinacaryA, 11. yAtrA, 12. nimantraNa-patra, 13. Avedana-patra, 14 sUcanA, 15. abhinandana, 16. abhyarthanA, 17. samAcAra, 18. vijJApana 19. nibandha : (ka) samIkSAtmaka, (kha vicAratmaka, (ga) vivecanAtmaka, (gha) tarkapUrNa adhyayanAtmaka, (Ga) gaveSaNAtmaka, (ca) bhAvAtmaka, 20. saMvAda, 21. svagata, 22. nATaka : (ka) ekAMgI, (kha) anekAMgI, (ga) bhRtyanATaka, (gha) zravyanATaka, 23. gadyakAvya, 24. bhUmikA yA prastAvanA, 25 saMkSepIkaraNa, 26. lekha-saMpAdana, 27. vyAkhyA, 28. TokA, 29. AtmakathA, 30. paricaya, 31. jIvanacarita, 32. rekhAcitra, 33. zravya- vyAkhyA, 34. bhaviSyavANI, 35. nATakI Atma- paricaya | 1. To find words for a meaning and to find a meaning for words.-Style, p. 63.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 109 bhAvazailI ke antargata nimnalikhita zailiyA~ AtI haiM : 1. vinodAtmaka, 2. AtmacintanazailI, 3. Atma-vizleSaNa, 4. vicArAtmaka, 5. pramANabahulA, 6.vyaMgyAtmaka, 7. vyAsa-zailI, 8. AvagAtmaka, 9. bhAvAtmaka, 10. upAlambhAtmaka, 11. lomaharSaNazailI, 12. kramikauttejana shailii| * paM0 karuNApati tripAThI ne zailiyoM kA vyaktipradhAna zailI aura viSaSapradhAna zailI ke rUpa meM vargIkaraNa kiyA hai, jo adhika saTIka hai| ina donoM hI bhedoM meM ve tona-tIna upabheda svIkAra karate haiM / ve haiM-rAgAtmaka, indriyAnubhavAtmaka aura jJAnAtmaka shailii| inake anusAra eka tIsarI zailI hai AlocanAtmaka zailI jo. do prakAra kI hotI hai : 1. nirNayAtmaka AlocanA, 2. vyAkhyApradhAna AlocanA zailI / cauthI rUDha-dhArmika aura rASTrIya-zailI kA bhI ullekha Apane kiyA hai| ___ ina sAre matamatAntaroM ko dekhane se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki hamAre yahA~ jise roti, vatti, kAvyApabheda, sthApatya Adi kahA gayA hai vaha vastutaH zilpa se kAfI bhinna hai| pazcima meM zailI jise sTAila yA Tekanika kahate haiM vaha bhI zilpa kA pUrA artha lene meM asamartha hai| vastutaH zilpa eka vyApaka zabda hai jisameM vastu ke mUla gaThana, sthApanasaMgaThana, vidhA-AkRti tathA zailI sabhI kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| *caMki yaha zabda kevala kathaya-vastu kI abhivyakti-praNAlI se hI sImita nahIM hai, isalie ise sAhityika koTiyoM meM zreNI-vibhakta karanA bhI pUrNataH saMgata nahIM hogaa| zilpa meM kisI bhI jAti kI manovRtti kA pUrNa pratibimba dekhA jA sakatA hai| bhAratIya kathA-sAhitya kA . zilpa bhAratIya mAnasa kI manovRtti kA paricAyaka hai| sUphI AkhyAnoM meM isI kAraNa zuddha bhAratIya zilpa se kiMcit bhinna manoni kA rUpa dikhAI par3atA hai| yadyapi Age calakara bhAratIya kathA aura saphI AkhyAnakoM kA zilpa eka-dUsare se mila-julakara nayA rUpa le letA hai 1. paM0 parazurAma caturvedI, kAvya meM zailI aura kauzala, pR0 24-32. ___2. paM0 karuNApati tripAThI, zailI, pR0 193. 3. vahI, pR0 201. 4. vahI, pR0 219.

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110 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka jise madhyakAlIna hindI AkhyAnakAvyoM kA sahI zilpa kaheMge, para adhyayana kI dRSTi se inheM alaga-alaga mAnakara calanA hI ucita hogaa| zilpa ke daSTikoNa se hindI-premAkhyAnakoM ko moTe taura para do vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai : 1. bhAratIya, 2. abhAratIya athavA saphI / sUphI aura hindU donoM hI prakAra ke premAkhyAnaka paurANika zailI. caritazailI aura romAMcaka zailI meM likhe gaye / phArasI ke prabhAva se sUfI kAvyoM kI masanavI zailI kucha daSTiyoM se bhAratIya premakAvyoM kI zailI se bhinna jarUra hai, para apane ko kathA aura caritra kahane vAle hindI ke prAyaH sabhI prabandhakAvya sIdhe apabhraMza ke caritakAvyoM ko paramparA meM Ate haiM / apabhraMza ke caritakAvyoM kI prAyaH sabhI vizeSatAeM ica meM bhI usI prakAra dikhalAI par3atI haiN| sUphI aura hindU paramparAoM meM racita premAkhyAnakoM kA savistAra vivaraNa dUsare adhyAya meM diyA gayA hai / ata:: unakA nAmollekha Avazyaka nahIM hai| Age zilpa ke antargata Ane vAle sabhI tattvoM para vicAra karate samaya kathAnakoM ko zilpa-zailI kA ullekha kiyA jaayegaa| mukhya rUpa se yaha spaSTa ho jAnA caahie| - zilpa aura kAvyarUpa kA ghaniSTha sambandha hai| zilpa meM bhAva aura abhivyakti ke prakAra donoM antarbhUta hote haiM / kAvya kisI abhivyakti kA mAdhyama mAtra hotA hai| pratyeka anubhUti kI abhivyakti kAvya nahIM hoto| kisI bhI kAvya kI anubhUti ke sphuraNa ke sAtha hI kAvya-rUpa kA bhI udbhava hotA hai| kAvya kevala zabdoM, vAkyoM aura chandoM meM ho.nahIM, kAvyarUpoM meM bhI baMdhakara prakaTa hotA hai| kAvyarUpa ke sAtha kAvya kA nijI vyaktitva khar3A hotA hai| rUpa aura padArtha donoM hI sApekSa zabda haiN| AkAra yA rUpa ke binA vastu kI aura vastu ke AdhAra ke binA AkAra kI kalpanA nahIM ho sktii| azarIrI vastuoM ke bhI rUpa hote haiM, jo kevala bodhagamya haiN| arastU ne rUpa [phArma] ko paribhASA dete hue likhA hai ki kalA ke kSetra meM isa rUpa yA phArma kA artha bAharI AkAra-prakAra nahIM hai balki rUpa meM vaha saba kucha zAmila hai jo kisI vastu ko spaSTa karane, 1. DA0 zambhUnAtha siMha, hindI mahAkAvyoM kA svarUpa-vikAsa, pR0 197. 2. DA0 satyendra, hindI kAvyarUpoM kA adhyayana, bhUmikA, pR0 6: 3. DA0 zivaprasAda siMha, sUrapUrva brajabhASA aura usakA sAhitya, pR0 313.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 111 usakI abhivyakti karAne tathA usake astitva kA spaSTa bodha karAne meM samartha ho| sAhityazAstra ke vibhinna AcAyoM ne kAvya ke lakSaNoM para apanAapanA mata prakaTa kiyA hai| AcArya bhAmaha zabda aura artha ke sahabhAva ko kAvya mAnate haiM, jo ki gadya-padya ke bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai| daNDI ne kAvya ke lakSaNa ke viSaya meM pUrvAcAryoM kA smaraNa karate hae likhA hai ki prajAjanoM kI vyutpatti ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vidvAnoM ne vicitra mArgoM se yukta kAvyabANI-racanA ke prakAroM kA vivaraNa diyA hai, jisameM unhoMne kAvya ke zarIra tathA usake alaMkAroM kA varNana kiyA hai| isa artha se yukta padAvalI hI kAvya kA zarIra hai / bhAmaha aura daNDI ne kAvya ke zarIra kA AkAra hI prastuta kiyA thA parantu inake bAda ke AcArya vAmana ne usameM Atmatattva ko sthApanA bhI kara dI / inhoMne kahA ki rIti kAvya kI AtmA hai-rotirAtmA kAvyasya / dhvanikAra Anandavardhana ne dhvani ko kAvya kI AtmA mAnakara kAvya kA lakSaNa kiyaa| jisa kAvya ke zarIra-AtmA Adi kA jo rUpaka AcAryoM ne prastuta kiyA thA use rAjazekhara ne spaSTarUpa meM 'kAvyapuruSa' kA AkAra pradAna karake usakA varNana isa prakAra kiyA-'zabda-artha isa puruSa kA zarIra hai, saMskRta mukha hai, prAkRta bhujA hai, apabhraMza jaMghA hai, paizAcI pAda hai, urasthala mizra [bhASA] 1. vahI.. 2: bhAmaha, kAvyAlaMkAra, 1. 16. 3. daNDI, kAvyAdarza, 1. 9-10. ___ ataH prajAnAM vyutpattimabhisandhAya sUrayaH / ...vAcAM vicitramArgANAM nibabandhuH kriyAvidhim // taiH zarIraM kAvyAnAmalaMkArAzca darzitAH / zarIraM tAvadiSTArtha-vyavacchinnA padAvalI // 4. kAvyAlaMkAra, 1. 1. 5. kAvyasyAtmA dhvaniriti budhairyaH samAmnAtapUrvaH, tasyAbhAvaM jagadurapare bhAtamAhustamanye / ke cidvAcAM sthitamaviSaye tattvamUcustadIyaM / tena brUmaH sahRdayamana: prItaye tatsvarUpam ||-dhvnyaalok, 1. 1.

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112 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka hai| sama, prasanna, madhura, udAra aura ojasvI isake gaNa haiN| uktivarNa isake vacana haiM, rasa AtmA hai, chanda roma haiM, praznottara, prahelikAdi vAgvinoda haiM aura anuprAsa, upamA Adi use alaMkRta karate haiN|' inake bAda AcArya kuntaka ne kAvya kA lakSaNa adhika vistAra ke sAtha kiyA hai / inake anusAra zabda aura artha sahita vyaMjanA-vyApAra-pradhAna manorama hRdayAhlAdaka vyavasthita bandha kAvya hai| AcArya kSemendra kA 'aucitya-siddhAnta' prasiddha hai| usI ke anusAra ve 'aucitya' ko hI kAvya kA jIvita mAnate haiN| sAhityadarpaNakAra AcArya vizvanAtha 'rasAtmaka vAkya' ko kAvya mAnate haiM / vAkyaM rasAtmakaM kAvyam meM 'rasAtmaka vAkya' kA artha 'jima vAkya kA Atmatattva rasa haA karatA hai' kiyA hai| ukta kAvya ke lakSaNoM ko nirUpaNa karane ke bAda niSkarSa yaha nikalatA hai ki zabda aura artha ko hI adhikAMza AcAryoM ne kAvya mAnA hai| kAvya ke prayojana aura usake hetuoM kI bhI 1. zabdArtho te zarIraM, saMskRtaM mukhaM, prAkRtaM bAhuH, jaghanyamapabhraMzaH, pezAcaM pAdI, uro mizram / samaH prasanno madhura udAra ojasvI cAsi / uktivarNa ca te vacaH, rasa AtmA, romANi chandAMsi, praznottarapravalhikAdikaM ca vAkkeliH, anuprAsopamAdayazca tvAmalaMkurvanti / -kAvyamImAMsA, pR0 15. 2. zabdArthoM sahito vakra-kavivyApArazAlini / bandhe vyavasthitI kAvyaM tadvidAhlAdakAriNI // -vakroktijIvita, 1. 3. aucityavicAracarcA, 4-5. kAvyasyAlamalaMkAraiH kiM mithyAgaNitairguNaiH, . yasya jIvitamaucityaM vicityApi na dRzyate / alaMkArAstvalaMkArA guNA eva guNAH sadA, aucityaM rasasiddhasya sthiraM kAvyasya jIvitam // 4. sAhityadarpaNa, 1. 3. 5. (a) zabdArthoM sahitau kAvyaM gadyaM padyaM ca tad dvidhA-kAvyAlaMkAra, 1. 16. (ba) kAvyazabdo'yaM guNAlaMkArasaMskRtayoH zabdArthayorvartate -vahI 1. 1. (sa) zabdArthoM kAvyam-vahI, 2. 1. (da) adoSau saguNau sAlaMkArau ca zabdArthoM kAvyam-kAvyAnuzAsana, pR0 16.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 113 ukta AcAryoM ne vistRta carcA kI hai / kAvya ke mUla meM mammaTa ne tIna kAraNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - 1. zakti yA pratibhA, 2. loka, zAstra tathA kAvya Adi ke paryAlocana se utpanna nipuNatA, 3. kAvya ko jAnane vAle kI zikSA ke anusAra abhyAsa / inhIM tIna hetuoM se kAvya kA udbhava hotA hai / prAya: kAvya ke hetuoM meM AcAryoM ke matoM meM adhika bheda nahIM hai / kAvya ke rUpoM kA vargIkaraNa prathamataH abhivyakti ke mAdhyama se kiyA gyaa| bhAmaha aura daNDo ke anusAra saMskRta kAvya, prAkRta kAvya aura apabhraMza kAvya ke bheda se tIna kAvyarUpa haiM / sAhityadarpaNakAra ne isa ora dhyAna dekara kAvyarUpoM kA dRzya aura zravyakAvya ke bhedoM meM vibhAjana kiyA / kAvya kI dRzyatA aura zravyatA ke AdhAra para hI yaha vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / 'jo cAkSuSa ho, jise dekha sakeM vaha dRzya; jo sunA jA sake, jo kAnoM kA viSaya ho vaha zravya kAvya kahalAtA hai / isakA vizada vivecana sAhityadarpaNa ke SaSTha pariccheda meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / daNDI kAvyoM ko saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura mizra rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA / rudraTa ne saMskRta, prAkRta, mAgadha, pizAca, zUrasena aura apabhraMza ko kAvya kA rUpa mAnA / zAstroM ke AdhAra para kAvya ke rUpoM kA vikAsakrama ukta prakAra se milatA hai / parantu kAvyarUpoM meM bhI parivartana hotA rahA hai / kyoMki 'kAvyarUpoM kA nirmANa, unake udbhava aura vikAsa kI prakriyA dezakAla kI sAmAjika aura aitihAsika paristhitiyoM se paricAlita hotI haiM / bhASA aura kavi kI kArIgarI para bhI ina paristhitiyoM kA prabhAva par3atA 3 hai / '' saMskRta ke AcAryoM ne jisa kAvyarUpa kI carcA kI hai vaha saMskRta kAvyoM ko dekhakara | madhyakAla meM videzI jAtiyoM ke samparka aura loka"bhASA ke udaya ke kAraNa lokajIvana se sampRkta bahuta se kAvyarUpa sAmane Aye / hindI ke kAvyarUpa isI sAMskRtika parasparAvalaMbana kI dena haiM / 1. zaktinipuNatA lokazAstra kAvyAdyavekSaNAt / kAvyajJazikSayAbhyAsa. iti dudbhave // - - kAvyaprakAza, 1, 3. 2. dRzyazravyatvabhedena punaH kAvyaM dvidhA matam / dRzyaM tatrAbhineyaM tadrUpAropAttu rUpakam // - sAhityadarpaNa, 6.1. 3. DA0 zivaprasAda siMha, sUrapUrva brajabhASA aura usakA sAhitya, pR0 314. 8

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114 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka kAvyarUpoM ke parivartana kA mukhya kAraNa bhASA meM parivartana kA AnA ho hai| AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI ke zabdoM meM 'jaba-jaba koI jAti navIna jAtiyoM ke samparka meM AtI hai taba-taba usameM naI pravRttiyAM AtI haiM, naI AcAra-paramparA kA pracalana hotA hai, naye kAvyarUpoM kI udbhAvanA hotI hai aura naye chandoM meM janacitta mukhara ho uThatA hai, nayA chanda naye manobhAva ko sUcanA detA hai|'' ataH spaSTa hai ki kAvyarUpoM kA itihAsa yugAnukUla pravRttiyoM se jur3A huA hai| kAvyarUpa mAtra kAvyarUpa nahIM apitu apane udbhavakAla kI paristhiti ke udghoSaka bhI haiN| lokabhASA apabhraMza aura hindI ke kAvyarUpoM kA Akalana kiyA jAye to eka lambI sUcI bana jaayegii| bhASA-kAvyoM kA paricaya dete hue zrI aMgaracanda nAhaTA ne eka lambI sUcI dI hai, jise avikala rUpa meM nIce uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai : 1. rAsa, 2. saMdhi, 3. caupAI, 4. phAgu, 5. dhamAla, 6. vivAhalo, 7. dhavala, 8. maMgala, 9. veli, 10. saloka, 11. 'saMvAda, 12. vAda, 13. jhagar3I, 14, mAtRkA, 15. vAvanI, 16. kakka, 17. bArahamAsA, 18. caumAsA, 19. pavAr3A, 20. carcarI (cAMcari ), 21. janmAbhiSeka, 22. kalaza, 23. tIrthamAlA, 24. caityaparipATI, 25. saMghavarNana, 26. DhAla, 27. DhAliyA, 28. cauDhAliyA, 29. chaDhAliyA, 30. prabaMdha, 31. carita, 32. saMbaMdha, 33. AkhyAna, 34. kathA, 35. sataka, 36. bahottarI, 37. chattIsI, 38. satarI, 39. battIso, 40. ikkosI, 41. ikatosI, 42. caubIsI, 43. bIsI, 44. aSTaka, 45. stuti, 46. stavana, 47. stotra, 48. gIta, 49. sajjhAya, 50. caityavaMdana, 51. devavaMdana, 52. vonatI, 53. namaskAra, 54. prabhAto, 55. maMgala, 56. sAMjha, 57. badhAvA, 58. gahelI, 59. hoyAlo, 60. gar3hA, 61. gajala, 62. lAvaNI, 63. chaMda, 64. nIsANI, 65. navarasI, 66. pravahaNa, 67. pAraNo, 68. vAhaNa, 69. padAvalI, 70. gurvAvalI, 71. hamacar3o, 72. hIca, 73. mAlamAlikA, 74. nAmamAlA, 75. rAgamAlA, 76. kulaka, 77. pUjA, 78. gItA, 79. padyAbhiSeka, 80. nirvANa, 81. saMyama zrI vivAha-varNana, 82. bhAsa, 83. pada, 84. maMjarI, 85. rasAvalI, 86. rasAyana, 87. 1. DA0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI, hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, pR0 90.

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- hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 115 rasalaharI, 88. caMdrAvalA, 89. dIpaka, 90. pradIpikA, 91. phular3A, 92. jor3a, 93. parikrama, 64. kalpalatA, 95. lekha, 96. viraha, 97. mUMdar3I, 98. sata, 99. prakAza, 100. horI, 101. taraMga, 102. taraMgiNI, 103. cauka, 104. haMDI, 105. haraNa, 106. vilAsa, 107. garabA, 108. bolI, 109. amRtadhvani, 110. hAlariyo, 111. rasoI, 112. kaDA, 113 jhUlaNA, 114. jakar3I, 115. dohA, 116. kuMDaliyA, 117. chappaya Adi / hindI-kAvyarUpoM para vicAra karate samaya zrI gulAbarAya ne vi0 14vIM zatAbdI se pUrva ke jina kAvyarUpoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, ve isa prakAra haiM : 1. caritakAvya, 2. kavitta-savaiyA, 3. varavai, 4. dohA, 5. maMgalakAvya, 6: sabada, 7. ramainI, 8. kaharA, 9. basanta, 10. cAMcara, 11 rAsaka, 12. phAga, 13. lIlA ke pada, 14. AlhA yA vIra chanda, 15. sohara, 16. hiMDolA tathA vIra kAvyoM ke chappaya, tomara Adi chanda / DA0 rAmabAbU zarmA ne apane zodha-prabandha meM 338 prAmANika granthoM ke AdhAra para 24 kAvyarUpoM, kI udbhAvanA kI hai| vAstava meM DA0 zarmA kA yaha kArya hindI-sAhitya kI eka upalabdhi mAnanA caahie| unhoMne 15vIM zatAbdI se 17vIM zatAbdI taka ke pracalita kAvyarUpoM kI tAlikA isa prakAra dI hai : 1 vAnI, 2. caritakAvya, 3. rAsa, 4. kathA-vArtA* kAvya, 5. pada, sabada, lolA ke pada, 6. stotra, stuti, vinatI-kAvya, 7. siddhAnta evaM upadezaparaka kAvya, 8. prazastikAvya, 9. purANa, 10. aitihAsika kAvya, 11. maMgalakAvya, 12. lolA-kAvya, 13. sAkhI, 14. -chanda-gotaparaka kAvya, 15. mAla yA mAlAkAvya, 16. saMvAda, vAdU, goSThI, bodhasaMjJaka-kAvya, 17. bArahalar3I yA bAvanI, 18. bArahamAsA, 19. saMkhyAparaka kAvya, 20. bhramaragIta, 21. kathA, 22. aSTayAma, 23. nakhazikha tathA 24. nATaka / 1. agaracanda nAhaTA, prAcona kAvyoM kI rUpa paraMparA, pa0 2. 2. gulAbarAya, kAvya ke rUpa, pR0 44. 3.. DA0 rAmabAbU zarmA, hindI kAvyarUpoM kA adhyayana, pR0 78.

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. 116 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka DA0 satyendra ne 8vIM zatI se 14vIM zatI taka ke kAvyarUpoM kI sUcI isa prakAra dI hai : 1. gAthAbaMdha, 2. dohAbaMdha, 3. paddhar3iyAbaMdha, 4. caupAI-dohAvalI-ramainI, 5. chappayabaMdha, 6. kuMDalinIbaMdha, 7. rAsAbaMdha, 8. carcarI yA cAMcara, 9. phAga, 10. sAkhI, 11. sabadI, 12. dohare, 13. sohara, 14. pada, 15. maMgalakAvya, 16. cauMtIsA, 17. vipramatIsI, 18. basaMta, 19. veli, 20. virahulI, 21. hiMDolA, 22. kavitta-savaiyA, 23. kaharA, 24. baravai, 25. vinaya, 26. lIlA, 27. akharAvaTa, 28. nahacha , 29. rAsaka, 30. rAsa, 31. bhramaragIta, 32. mukarI, 33. do sakhune, 34. anamila, 35. DhakosalA, 36. bujhAvala, 37. SaDRtuM, 38. bagasAlA, 39. nakhazikha, 40. dasama : dazAvatAra, 41.. bhaMDoA, 42. jIvanI, 43. satasaI, 44. maMgala, 45. mAhAtmya, 46. paccosI, 47. battIsI, 48. purANa, 49. saMvAda, 50. ghor3o, 51. pattala. 52. kAvya, 53. carita / ina rUpoM kA nAmakaraNa chaMda, gIta, zailI, saMkhyA aura viSaya ke AdhAra para hai| Arambhika brajabhASA ke kAvyarUpoM kA vivecana karate hue DA0 zivaprasAda siMha ne nimnalikhita kAvyarUpa batAe haiM : 1. caritakAvya, 2. kathA-vArtA, 3. rAsa aura, rAso, 4. lIlAkAvya, 5. SaDRtu aura bArahamAsA, 6. bAvanI, 7. vipramatIsI, 8. velikAvya, 9. geyamuktaka, 10. maMgalakAvya / uparyukta kAvyarUpoM kI sUciyoM se hindI sAhitya ke AdikAla se 19vIM zatAbdI taka ke kAvyarUpoM para prakAza par3atA hai| hindo meM premAkhyAnakoM ke kahA ( kathA ), kahANI ( kotilatA ), carita, rAsa yA rAso, vArtA ( chitAIvArtA ) Adi nAma mile haiM / Aja bhI gujarAtI meM kahAnI ko vArtA hI kahate haiM / khyAta aura bAta ye donoM zabda purAnI rAjasthAnI meM pracura saMkhyA meM kathAkAvyoM ke nAma ke sAtha prayukta hue haiN| ina AkhyAnoM me stavana, stotra, SaDRtu-varNana, bAraha 1. DA0 satyendra, madhyayugIna hindI sAhitya kA lokatAtvika adhyayana, pR0 467-68. 2. DA0 zivaprasAda siMha, sUrapUrva brajabhASA aura usakA sAhitya, pR0 315.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 117 mAsA, upAlaMbha, maMgala, viAhalo, prahelikA, phAgu, dhamAla, cAMcarI, nakhazikha Adi aneka kAvyarUpa antabhukta mileNge| padmAvata meM stavana, bArahamAsA, SaDRtu-varNana, nakhazikha Adi mila jAte haiN| rasaratana meM stotra, stavana, nakhazikha, vivAhalo, rAjaprazasti, nAyikAbheda, bArahamAsA Adi kaI kAvyarUpa antarbhukta dikhAI par3ate haiN| zilpa ke antargata zailI, kAvyarUpa, kathAvinyAsa aura kathAtattvoM ko bhI samAviSTa karanA caahie| yadyapi vaTavRkSa kA bIja atyadhika sUkSma hotA hai tathApi usake andara eka vizAla vaTavRkSa kA rUpa chipA rahatA hai| ThIka vaise hI 'zilpa' zabda ke ullekha mAtra se racanA ( kathAvArtA, carita, AkhyAna Adi ) kI racanA-prakriyA kA-bhAva se abhivyakti aura usake mAdhyama taka kI racanA-prakriyA kA bodha hotA hai| zilpa kA maiMne usI vyApaka artha meM prayoga kiyA hai| mAnavazarIra pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu aura AkAza pAMca tattvoM se nirmita hotA hai, hAtha, paira, AMkha, kAna Adi usake aMga-pratyaMga hote haiN| yadi zarIra kA eka bhI aMga-bhaMga hai to vaha pUrNa sukha se vaMcita rhegaa| kathA kA nirmANa bhI alaga-alaga tattvoM ke mela se hotA hai| kathA ke una tattvoM meM se yadi kisI tattva kA zilpa-gaThana kamajora huA to vahI kathA kA doSa bana jaayegaa| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha ki kathA ke vibhinna aMgoM meM sAmaMjasya hI kathA ko prabhAvotpAdaka aura grAhya banAtA hai / kathA ko vibhinna tattvoM ke mAdhyama se, usakI pUrNatA ko samajhane kA eka zilpa hotA hai / saMskRta sAhitya-zAstriyoM ne vastu, netA aura rasa ko kathA ke tIna tattva svIkAra kiye haiN| prAkRta bhASA ke vasudevahiNDI nAmaka 'grantha meM kathA ke chaH aMgoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai : 1. kathotpatti-kathA kI utpatti kaise huI, isakA vivaraNa / 2. prastAvanA-kathA kI pRSThabhUmi / 3. mukha-kathA kA Arambha / 4. pratimukha-kathA ke ArambhoparAnta phala kI aura gamana / 5. zarIra-kathA kA vikAsa aura prApti, prayatna aura niyatApti kI sthiti|

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118 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka 6. upasaMhAra-phala ko prApti / paumacariya meM carita ke avayavoM kI saMkhyA sAta mAnI gaI hai aura ina avayavoM kI pUrNatA ke Upara hI carita ko sampUrNa sthiti nirbhara karatI hai| ve sAta avayava isa prakAra haiM : 1. sthiti-deza, nagara, grAma Adi kA varNana / 2. vaMzotpatti-vaMza, mAtA-pitA, khyAti Adi kA varNana / 3. prasthAna-vivAha, utsava, rAjyAbhiSeka prabhRti kA vRttaaNt| . 4. raNa-rAjyavistAra yA rAjya-saMrakSaNa ke lie yuddh| . 5. lavakuzotpatti-sAdhAraNa kSetra meM yA anya carito meM santAno . tptti| 6. nirvANa-saMsAra meM virakti,,AtmakalyANa meM pravRtti evaM dharmaH dezanA zravaNa yA vitaraNa Adi kA niruupnn| 7. aneka bhavAvalI-aneka bhavAvaliyoM kA varNana, bhavAntara yA - prAsaMgika kathAoM kA saghana vitAna / kathA ke uparyukta aMga-vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki kathA ko pUrNatA aura apUrNatA inhIM kathA-tattvoM athavA aMgoM para nirbhara karatI haiM / hindI sAhitya ke samIkSakoM ne kathA ke kathAnaka, pAtra, kathopakathana yA saMvAda, vAtAvaraNa, bhASA-zailI aura uddezya chaH tattva mAne haiN| kahAnI, nATaka, upanyAsa aura kathAkAvyoM kI samIkSA kI kasauTI ke lie bhI yahI cha: tattva svIkRta haiM / kathA ke nirmANa ke lie kathAnaka kA honA anivArya zarta hai / spaSTa hai ki kathAvastu hI nahIM hogI to kathA kA astitva ho khatare meM par3a jaayegaa| kathAvastu ke lie kathAniyojana kA cAturya Avazyaka hai / yaha kathAkAra kI kSamatA para nirbhara karatA hai / sAhitya samAja kA darpaNa isIlie kahA gayA hai ki lekhaka gatimAn saMsAra se hI kathAvastu kA niyojana karatA hai aura use samAja ke sammukha prastuta kara detA hai / kathAnaka meM ghaTanAoM aura paristhitiyoM kI kutuhalapUrNa yojanA hI kathA kI mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hotI hai / apabhraMza sAhitya ke kathAkAroM ne bhavisayattakahA, paumacariu, karakaMDucariu, jasaharacarir3a Adi raca 1. vasudevahiNDI, prakA0-jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, pR0 1. '

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hindo premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 119 nAoM ke kathA-saMgaThana meM adbhuta kauzala kA paricaya diyA hai| kathA kI saphalatA kathAnaka ke prayoga yA usake vikAsa para hI nirbhara karatI hai / kathAvastU kI rocakatA ke lie Avazyaka hai ki usameM prayukta ghaTanAe~ asvAbhAvika na hoM, isIlie kathAnaka meM ghaTanAoM ke svAbhAvika vikAsa aura pravAha kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai / prAyaH kathAnaka do prakAra ke hote haiM : (1) sAdhAraNa athavA sthUla kathAnaka, (2) jaTila athavA sUkSma kathAnaka / sAdhAraNa yA sthala kathAnaka meM caritra-citraNa para lekhaka kA dhyAna svabhAvataH nahIM pahu~ca pAtA, vaha ghaTanAoM kI paridhi meM hI ghira jAtA hai| sUkSma kathAnakoM meM caritrodghATana aura manovizleSaNa ke lie paryApta sthAna rahatA hai / vahAM vAtAvaraNa ke sarjana meM ghaTanAoM ko bharA nahIM jAtA / kathAvastu meM kathAnaka ke vikAsa kI pA~ca sthitiyA~ hotI haiMzIrSaka, prArambha, Aroha, madhyabindu aura anta / kathA ke zIrSaka kA cunAva karanA bhI eka kalA hai| kucha kathAoM ke zorSaka unake pradhAna pAtroM athavA nAyakoM ke nAma se milate haiM aura kucha pradhAna pAtrAoM ke nAma para / apabhraMza meM adhikAMza kathAeM nAyakoM ke nAma se hI haiM / hindI * premAkhyAnakoM meM, vizeSakara sUfiyoM meM, nAyikAoM ke nAma para hI kathAoM ke zIrSaka rakhe gae, jaise -padmAvatI, mRgAvato, madhumAlatI, kanakAvalI, puhupAvatI, ratanAvalI, kaMvalAvatI Adi / lagatA hai yaha bhI kAlagata rUDhi ho calI AI thii| kucha kathAoM ke zIrSaka viSaya ke AdhAra para bhI rakhe jAte haiN| dUsarA kathA-tattva pAtroM ke nirmANa kA hai| kathAvastu ko sajIva banAne ke lie pAtroM kA honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| pAtroM ke nirmANa meM kathAkAroM ko svAbhAvika, sajIva aura kathA ke anukUla pAtroM kA cunAva karanA hotA hai| viziSTa kathAkAra kI pramukha vizeSatA yahI hai ki vaha kathA meM aise jIvanta pAtroM kA cunAva kare ki ve paristhitiyoM ke anukUla hoN| ___ pAtroM ke nirmANa kA prazna jahAM samApta huA vahIM kathopakathana kA prazna prArambha hotA hai / ghaTanAkrama ko Age bar3hAne ke lie to kathopakathana kA honA Avazyaka hai hI, kathA meM rocakatA aura prabhAvanA lAne ke lie

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120 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka bhI usakA honA Avazyaka hai / kathopakathana se hI kathA meM kutUhala tattva kA samAveza hotA hai / vAtAvaraNa deza, kAla aura paristhiti ke anukUla honA cAhie / pAtroM aura ghaTanAoM kI vAtAvaraNa ke sAtha mela khAnA cAhie | kyoMki vAtAvaraNa kA sIdhA sambandha pAtroM, ghaTanAoM aura paristhitiyoM se hI hotA hai / vAtAvaraNa kI kalpanA do prakAra kI kIgaI hai : 1. bAhya, 2. Abhyantara / bAhya vAtAvaraNa se tAtparya sAmAjika bAhya sthitiyoM hai | Abhyantara vAtAvaraNa mAnasika vicAradhArA kA bodha karAtA hai / yoM donoM hI eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiN| kathA-tattvoM meM bhASA-zailI ko sarvAdhika mahattva denA cAhie / kathA pAThaka ko tabhI AkarSita kara sakatI hai jaba vaha bodhagamya ho / na to itanI durUha aura nIrasa ho ki pAThaka use dekhakara hI chor3a de aura na itanI caTakIlI ho ho / bhASA bodhagamya, pravAhapUrNa aura yugAnurUpa hogI tabhI vaha pAThaka ko AkarSita kara skegii| bhASA svAbhAvika ho aura pAThaka ko kutUhala vRtti ko jAgrata karane kI kSamatA rakhatI ho yahI usako kathAgata vizeSatA hogI / rasaratana kI bhASA meM yaha guNa hai / aMtima kathA kA tattva uddezya hai / aisA lokavyavahAra meM dekhA jAtA hai ki niruddezya koI kArya nahIM kiyA jAtA / taba kathAe~ kyoM niruddezya likhI jAne lagIM ? " sakala zRGgAroM se yukta kanyAlAbha hI kathA kA uddezya hai" yaha AcArya rudraTa kA mata hai kintu hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM ise hI ekamAtra uddezya nahIM mAnA gayA hai / kanyAlAbha manuSya ke puruSArthoM meM sirpha kAma ke sAtha sambaddha hai / bhAratIya premAkhyAnakoM meM artha, dharma, kAma, mokSa kI samyak siddhi para bhI dhyAna diyA gayA hai / kathA meM rasa ke lie kanyA prasaMga para jora avazya hI jyAdA diyA jAtA hai / apabhraMza - prAkRta premAkhyAnakoM meM bhI kanyAlAbha se hI mAtra uddezya kI pUrti nahIM hotI / yahA~ doharI sthiti upasthita ho jAtI hai - yA yoM kaheM ki kanyAlAbha to hotA hI hai, dharmalAbha bhI hotA hai / isakA mUlabhUta kAraNa yaha hai ki prAkRta apabhraMza ke premAkhyAnaka hoM athavA anya grantha, prAyaH hI jainoM dvArA jaina siddhAntoM ke pratipAdana ke lie race gaye / ataH kathAnaka cAhe jisa DhaMga ke race gaye, vahA~ vyakti kA antima lakSya mokSa

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 121 navavadhU prApti hI mAnA gayA / ye grantha taba premAkhyAnakoM kI sAhityika koTi meM kaise rakhe jA sakate haiM ? isa prasaMga meM itanA kahanA paryApta hogA ki jainAcAryoM ne, sundara alaMkAroM se vibhUSita, suspaSTa madhurAlApa aura bhAvoM se nitAnta manohara tathA anurAgavaza svayaM hI zayyA para upasthita kI taraha sugama, suzrAvya, madhura, sundara zabdAvalI se gumphita, kautUhalayukta, sarasa aura AnandAnubhUti utpanna karane vAlI kathA hotI hai', yaha paribhASA dI hai / ina saba mUlyoM ke rahate uddezya meM yadi prAyaH sabhI eka hI taraha ke uddezyoM ko lekara racanAoM kA anta karane kI para mparAoM meM ba~dhe haiM to bhI hamAre sAhityika stara meM unase koI bAdhA nahIM AtI / draSTavya yaha hai ki apabhraMza kI uddezya vAlI paramparA se hindI ke sabhI premAkhyAna achUte rahe aisI bAta bhI nahIM hai / kathAtattvoM ke nirUpaNoparAnta kathAniyojana para eka dRSTipAta Avazyaka hai / citrakAra kisI citra ko tUlikA Adi lekara akasmAt nahIM raca DAlatA, apitu citra kA khAkA prathama mastiSka meM aura taba citrapaTala para ukeratA hai / bhavanazilpI bhI bhavana nirmANa ke pUrva bhavana kA mAnacitra banAtA hai / isI prakAra kathAkAra kathAniyojana karatA hai / yahA~ yaha vicAra karanA apekSita nahIM ki niyojana kI kyA prakriyA hotI hai / prakriyA to kathAkAra ke Upara nirbhara karatI hai / vaha cAhe kalpita kathAnaka gaMr3hakara kathA ko rUpa de, cAhe to aitihAsika ghaTanA ko kathA kA AdhAra banAye athavA loka-vArtAoM ko kathA meM DhAla de aura vaha 'sabhI se kucha na kucha grahaNakara eka nayA Ayojana prastuta kare / tAtparya yaha ki kathAkAra ko kathA ke likhane ke pUrva usakA niyojana karanA Avazyaka hai / cekhaba kA kathana hai ki 'yadi koI kalAkAra mujhase binA kisI niyojana ke kahAnI likhane kI zekhI ke sAtha kevala preraNA se 1. sAlaMkArA suhayA laliya-payA mauya - maMju-saMlAvA / sahiyANa dei harisaM ubvUDhA Nava vahU ceva // sukai - kahA - haya- hiyamANa tumha jai vihuNa laggae esA / poDhA-rAo tahavihu kuNai visesaM Nava- bahuvva // - kuvalayamAlA, pR0 4.

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122 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka kahAnI likhane kA dama bharatA hai to maiM use jhakko khuuNgaa|' yadi kathAkAra kathAniyojana ko svIkAratA hai to usakI koI kamajorI nahIM hai / kavitA, muktaka yA gIta binA niyojana ke eka udgArarUpa meM sAmane A sakate haiN| phira bhI usameM kisI na kisI bAhya yA antastha sUkSma niyojanA ko svIkAra karanA hI hogaa| jaoNyasa kerI kA mata hai ki lekhaka likhane ke pUrva apane se pUchatA hai ki 'mujhe kaise caritroM kI AvazyakatA hai ? pramukha pAtra kisa prakAra ke hoM ? pRSThabhUmi kyA ho ? . sAmAnya yojanA kyA ho ? yahA~ taka ki yadi vaha kathA prArambha karate samaya kathAvastu kA niyojana nahIM karatA to bhI apane pAtroM ke cunAva meM tathA kriyAtmaka praNAlI ke lie eka sAmAnya vicAra to sthira . karatA hI hai| kathA kI paribhASA ke sambandha meM prabandha ke prAstAvika meM rudraTa kI mAnyatA kA maiMne ullekha kiyA thaa| ve mAnate haiM ki kathA ke prArambha meM iSTa deva-guru Adi ko namaskAra karane ke bAda apane kula kA aura kartA kA ullekha karanA caahie| kathA kA uddezya sakala zRGgAra se yukta kanyAprApti hai| astu, isa paribhASA ke anusAra premAkhyAnakoM ko dekhane se lagatA hai ki adhikAMza ne apanI kathA-niyojana kI yahI praNAlI rakhI hai / puhakara ne apanI racanA rasaratana ko 'daMtakathA' kahA hai| jaisA ki isa saMdarbha meM pahale kaha diyA gayA hai ki kathA kA niyojana kAlpanika AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai athavA aitihAsika yA itihAsa aura kalpanA ke 1. "...If an artist boasted to me of having written a story without a previously settled design, but by inspiration, I should call him a lunatic."-Novelist on the Novels. 2 "He asks himself to start with 'what character shall I need ? What kind of leading characters? What background ? What general scheme ?' Even if he does not design a plot to begin with, he forms, and has -to form, a general idea of working out in action of his choice of characters". --Joyce Cary, Art and Reality, p. 96.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 123 mela se-yaha lekhaka ke Upara nirbhara hai| 'daMtakathA' se matalaba kAlpanika kathA se hotA hai / puhakara kahate haiM : pahale daMta kathA hama sunii| tihi para chaMda vaMda hama gunii| avanana sunI kathA hama thorii| kachuvaka Apa ukati te jorii|| -AdikhaMDa, 88. rudraTa kI paribhASA ke anusAra 'rasaratana' kasauTI para kharA utaratA hai / Adi meM puhakara ne devatA ke trirUpa kI vaMdanA kI hai : aguna rUpa nirguna nirUpa bahuguna vistaarn| avinAsI avagati anAdi apa aTaka nibArana // ghaTa ghaTa pragaTa prasiddha gupta niralekha niraMjana / tuma trirUpa tuma triguna tumahi traipura anuraMjana // gaNeza Adi devatAoM kI vaMdanA ke bAda inhoMne apane pUrvavartI kaviyoM kA smaraNa kiyA hai : prathama seSa aru vyAsUdeva suSadevahaM paayau| bAlamIka zrIharSa kAlidAsahaM guna gAyau // mAgha mAgha dina jemi vAna jayadeva sudaMDiya / .. . bhAnadatta udayena caMda varadAika cNddiy|| .. ya kAvya sarasa vidyA nipuna vAkavAni kaMThaha dhrn| . . . kavirAja sakala guna gana tilaka sukavi pohakara vaMdata crn|| -AdikhaNDa, 12. isake bAda kathA ke zIrSaka kA nAmakaraNa karake chatrasiMhAsana kA varNana kiyA hai / isameM jahA~gIra kI prazasti hai| taduparAnta kavikula kA savistAra varNana hai| taba kathAprasaMga ke ullekha ke sAtha kavi kathAnaka kI ora agrasara haA hai| kathA meM prema, apaharaNa, vivAha, bichoha, bArahamAsA Adi kI racanA ullekhanIya DhaMga se huI hai| kanyAlAbha ko pUhakara svayaM phala ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM : 1-2. rasaratana, saM0-DA0 zivaprasAda siMha, pR0 5-6.

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124 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka jihi kArana bhava dadhi mathyau, aru duSa sahyo apAra / japa tapa so triya pAi kai, tripita bhaye tihi vAra // svayaMvarakhaMDa, 326. kintu rasaratana kA kathAkAra rudraTa ko paribhASA meM hI baMdhA nahIM rhtaa| vaha anta meM advaitadarzana ke AdhAra para sRSTi, jIva aura mukti kA rahasya samajhAtA hai / isa pUrI kathA ko eka AdhyAtmika artha de dene kA saMketa bhI karatA hai| - sUphI premAkhyAnakoM meM bhI kathAniyojana kI dRSTi se koI maulika antara nahIM dikhAI pdd'taa| yahA~ katipaya udAharaNoM se bAta spaSTa ho jaayegii| candAyana meM kAvya ke Arambha meM sRSTikartA kI stuti kI gaI hai :' . pahile gAvauM sirjnhaaraa| jina sirajA iha devasa bayArA // 1 // sirajasi dharatI aura akaasuu| sirajasi meru maMdara kabilAsU // 2 // isake bAda paigambara ko stuti isa prakAra kI hai : purukha eka sirajasi ujiyArA / nA~u muhammada jagata piyArA // 1 // sahi lagi sabai pirithimI sirii| au tiha. nAMu maunadI phirI // 2 // cAra yAra kA ullekha abAbakara umara usamAna, alI siMgha ye cAri // 6 // je nidatu vija tisa, turahi jhAle mAri // 7 // zAhevakta phirojazAha ko sarAhanA : sAhi phiroja dillI bar3a raajaa| chAta pATa au TopI chAjA // 1 // eka paNDita au hai pddibraahaa| dAna apurisa sarAhai kAhA // 2 // guru-prazaMsA : sekha jainadI hoM pthilaavaa| dharama pantha jiha pApa gaMvAvA // 1 // pApa dInha maiM gAMga bahAI / dharama nAva hauM lonha car3hAI // 2 // tadanantara nagaravarNana se kathA Arambha hotI hai| isI taraha maMjhanakRta madhumAlatI meM bhI prathama Izvara kI vandanA hai-1-7 tk| . 1-4. candAyana, saM0-DA0 paramezvarIlAla gupta, pR0 81-82. .

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 125 1. muhammada sAhaba kI prazaMsA : mUla muhammada sabha jaga sAkhA / vidhi nau lAkha maTuka sira rAkhA // ohi paTatara dosara koi nAhIM / vaha sarIra yaha sabha parichAhIM // UMce kahauM pukAri kai jagata sunai sabha koI / paragaTa nAuM muhammada gupta jo jAniya soi // 8 // cAra yAra kA ullekha : aba sunu cahUM mIMta ke bAtA / sata niyAu sAstara ke dAtA // prathamahi abAbakara paravAnAM / sata gura bacana maMta jiya jAnA // dUjeM umara niyAu ke raajaa| jeI suta pitaiM hanA bidhi kAjA // tIjeM ThAuM rAu usamAnA / jeI re bheda beda kA jAnA // cautheM alI siMgha bahu gunI / dAna kharaga jeI sAdhI dunI // 9 // zAha salIma zAhevakta ke varNana ke bAda guru kI stuti isa prakAra hai : sekha bar3e jaga bidhi piyArA / jJAna garua au rUpa apArA // saMvari nAuM parasai jau Avai / jJAna lAbha hoi pApa gaMvAve // guru darasana dukha ghovana dhani dhani disTi jo bhAu / jo guru sikkha disTi pratipAlai so cArihuM juga rAu // 14 // isake bAda pIra auliyA Adi kI prazaMsA ke bAda nagaravarNana se kathA prArambha hotI hai / ina udAharaNoM ko dene kA uddezya sirpha itanA hai ki isI DhaMga para miragAvato, padmAvata citrAvalI Adi sabhI premAkhyAnakoM meM kathAniyojana kA DhaMga rahA hai / sabhI kathAe~ apane-apane viSayAnukUla paristhitiyoM meM Dhale rahane para bhI eka hI krama se Age bar3hatI haiN| prAyaH hI rAjA yA rAno athavA donoM niHsantAna hone ke kAraNa duHkhI rahate haiM / bhagavadbhakti athavA kisI mahAtmA kI kRpA putraratna yA kanyAratna kI prApti hotI hai / putrotpatti para nAnA jyotiSAcArya juTate haiM / putra atyadhika bhAgyavAn hotA hai parantu viraha kA duHkha usake bhAgya meM likhA rahatA hai jo apanI avadhi meM samApta ho jAyegA Adi bhaviSyavANiyA~ kI jAtI haiM / bhaviSyavANiyAM saca ghaTita hotI haiM /

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126 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka candAyana meM loraka ne candA ko pAne ke lie yogI kA veza dhAraNa kiyA to padmAvata meM ratanasena padmAvatI ke lie yogI bnaa| madhumAlatI meM manohara ne apanI preyasI ko pAne ke lie yoga ramAyA aura citrAvalI meM sUjAna bhI yogI banatA hai| isa taraha ke prAyaH hI samAna prasaMga premAkhyAnakoM ke kathA-niyojana meM milate haiN| apane pUrvavartI apabhraMza caMritakathAkAvyoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM praNIta hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM kathAbhiprAyoM kI bhI kamI nahIM hai| vAstava meM kisI bhI kathA ke kathAnaka ko gati . pradAna karane meM 'abhiprAya' athavA kathAnakarUr3hi advitIya sAdhana hai| . vartamAna meM hama jisa 'kathAbhiprAya' zabda kA prayoga karate haiM sAhityazAstra meM use 'kavisamaya' kahA gayA hai| rAjazekhara ne azAstrIya, alokika aura paramparAgata jina arthoM ko kavi upanibandhita karate haiMkavisamaya kI saMjJA dI hai|' 'kathAbhiprAya' ke sandarbha meM yaha spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai ki abhiprAya sarvathA asatya yA azAstrIya nahIM hote| pratIkarUpa meM prayukta abhiprAya apanA nijI malya rakhate haiN| mUlataH 'kathAbhiprAya' kA prayoga hindI meM 'moTipha' ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| ziple ke anusAra 'abhiprAya' vaha zabda .yA DhA~ce meM DhalA vicAra hai jo samAna paristhitiyoM meM yA samAna manaHsthiti utpanna karane ke lie kisI eka kRti athavA vibhinna kRtiyoM meM punaH-punaH AtA hai| isa paribhASA ko yuktipUrNa kahanA saMgata hogA / 'abhiprAya' kathAnaka meM ghaTanAkrama ke anusAra kathA meM nayA mor3a lAne ke lie athavA camatkAra dikhAne ke lie bhI prayukta kiye jAte haiN| 'abhiprAya sabase choTA, pahacAna meM Ane vAlA tattva hai jo ki eka sampUrNa kahAnI kA nirmANa kara detA hai|" 1. azAstrIyamalaukikaM ca paramparAyAtaM yamarthamupaMnibandhanti kavayaH sa kavi samayaH |-kaavymiimaaNsaa, pR0 190. 2. 'Motif-A word or a pattern of thought which recurs in a similar situation or to evoke a similar mood within a work or in various works of a genre.'-T. Shiple, Dictio naryof World Literature, p. 274. 3. The motif is the smallest recognizable element that goes to make up a complete story.-Ibid., p. 247.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 127 hindI-jagat meM kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM ke prathama prastotA haiM AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI / aitihAsika caritakAvyoM ke prasaMga meM AcArya jI ne likhA hai-'aitihAsika carita kA lekhaka saMbhAvanAoM para adhika bala detA hai / sambhAvanAoM para bala dene kA pariNAma yaha huA ki hamAre deza ke sAhitya meM kathAnaka ko gati aura ghumAva dene ke lie kucha aise abhiprAya dIrghakAla se vyavahRta hote A rahe haiM jo bahuta thor3I dUra taka yathArtha hote haiM aura Age calakara kathAnaka-rUr3hi meM badala jAte haiM / '' kathAnakarUDhi ke srotoM ke rUpa meM loka-sAhitya yA lokakathAoM ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / blUmaphIlDa, peMjara, beniphI, TAno, vebara, brAuna Adi vidvAn aise haiM jinhoMne bhAratIya kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai / kathAbhiprAyoM para vizeSa vicAra hama apabhraMza kathAoM kI kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kA vizleSaNa karate samaya agale adhyAya meM kreNge| kathAbhiprAya viSaya kI daSTi se ghaTanApradhAna athavA loka vizvAsoM para AdhArita aura vicArapradhAna athavA kavi-kalpita do prakAra ke hote haiM / inhIM se anekoM upabheda ho jAte haiM / __rAso kI kathAnakarUr3hiyoM para vicAra karate samaya AcArya hajArIprasAda jI ne jina kathAbhiprAyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai ve isa prakAra haiM : 1. kahAnI kahane vAlA suggA, svapna meM priya kA darzana, citra dekhakara, bhikSuoM Adi se saundaryavarNana sunakara kisI para mohita honA, 2. muni ' kA zApa, 3. rUpa-parivartana, 4. liMga-parivartana, 5. parakAya-praveza, AkAzavANI, 6. abhijJAna yA sahadAnI, 7. paricArikA kA rAjA se prema aura anta meM usakA rAjakanyA aura rAnI kI bahana ke rUpa meM abhijJAna, 8. '. nAyaka kA audArya, 9. SaDRtu aura bArahamAsA ke mAdhyama se. virahavedanA, 10. haMsa-kapota Adi se saMdeza bhejanA, 11. ghor3e kA AkheTa ke samaya nirjana vana meM pahu~ca jAnA, mArga bhUlanA, mAnasarovara para kisI sundara strI yA usakI mUrti kA dikhAI denA, phira prema aura prayatna, 12. vijayavana meM sundariyoM se sAkSAtkAra, 13. yuddha karake zatru se yA matta hAthI ke AkramaNa se yA kApAlika kI balivedI se sundara strI kA 1. DA0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI, hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, pR0 74.

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128 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka uddhAra yA prema, 14. gaNikA dvArA daridra nAyaka kA svIkAra aura usakI mAtA dvArA tiraskAra, 15. bharaNDa aura garur3a Adi ke dvArA priya yugaloM kA sthAnAntaraNa, 16. pipAsA aura jala kI khoja meM jAte samaya asuradarzana aura priyAviyoga, 17. Ujar3a nagara, 18. priyA kI dohada kAmanA kI pUrti ke lie priya kA asAdhya sAdhana kA saMkalpa, 19. zatru-saMtApita saradAra ko usakI priyA ke sAtha zaraNa denA aura phalasvarUpa yuddha ityAdi / nIce katipaya premAkhyAnakoM kI kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM athavA kathAbhiprAyoM kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta hai : candAyana ( dAUda ) kI kathAnaka rUr3hiyA~ 1. Izvara - vaMdanA : muhammada sAhaba, cAramIta, zAhevakta dillI sulatAna phIrojazAha kI prazasti Adi / 2. vastu-varNana ke antargata nagaraM tathA usameM amarAiyoM, sarovaroM, mandira, nagara kI khAIM, durga Adi kA varNana / 3. puruSatvahIna pati ko chor3akara parapuruSa ke sAtha bhAganA / 4. parastrI ko anya puruSa kA bhagA le jAnA : cA~da loraka ko bhAgane ke lie taiyAra karatI hai / 5. rUpa - guNajanya AkarSaNa : candAyana meM rUpacanda ne jaba bAjira se cA~da kI prazaMsA suno to vaha vyAkula ho uThA aura use prApta karane kI ceSTA meM laga gayA / 6 nAyikA kA apaharaNa : loraka cA~da ko maMdira meM bAjAra calA jAtA hai tabhI TUTA avasara kA lAbha uThAtA hai ko sammohita karake usakA apaharaNa kara letA hai / 7. patnI ke satItva kI parIkSA : loraka haradIpATana se lauTane para mainA ke satItva ko parakhatA hai / 8. pravAsI pati ke viyoga meM patnI kA kSINa ho jAnA : mainA loraka ke viraha meM ( nisadina jhuravai Asa baiAsI) rAta-dina jhurasatI hai / 9. nAyaka kA yogI ke veSa meM bhaTakanA : candAyana meM viraspata ke kathanAnusAra loka jogI banakara maMdira meM jA baiThA / vaha eka varSa taka maMdira kI sevA aura cA~da ke prema kI kAmanA karatA rahA / 1. DA0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI, hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, pR0 74-75. chor3a svayaM aura cA~da

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 129 10. kiso daivI zakti yA ganI dvArA nAyikA kI prANa rakSA : candAyana meM cA~da ko do-do bAra sA~pa DaMsatA hai, parantu gunI Akara usake prANoM kI donoM bAra rakSA karatA hai / maMjhanakRta madhumAlatI ko kathAnaka-rUr3hiyAM 1. maMgalAcaraNa rUpa meM stuti, muhammada sAhaba, cAramitra Adi kI prazaMsA / durjana-nindA, sjjn-prshNsaa| 2. kanegiragar3ha nAmaka nagara kA varNana / 3. santAnahIna rAjA sUrajabhAna kA eka tapasvI kI 12 varSa kI sevA ke bAda santAnotpatti / 4. bhaviSyavANI : rAjA ko putrotpanna huA, usake viSaya meM jyotiSiyoM ne bhaviSyavANiyA~ kii| 5. rAjakumAra ko zayyAsahita apsarAoM dvArA uThA le jAnA . rAjakumAra manohara jaba lagabhaga 15 varSa ke hue to apsarAoM ne unake saundarya ke anurUpa kanyA dilAne ko socakara unheM madhumAlatI ke zayanAgAra meM unakI zayyAsahita pahu~cA diyaa| 6. pUrvAnurAga : manohara aura madhumAlatI ne eka-dUsare ko dekhakara - pUrvabhava se paricita hone kA smaraNa kara liyA aura premAsakta hue| ___-_7. abhijJAna : donoM ne Apasa meM mudrikAeM badala lI aura so ge| 8. zayyAoM kA punaH yathAsthAna pahuMcAnA : saMyoga ke bAda apsarAoM ne punaH rAjakumAra ko unako zayyAsahita ghara pahuMcA diyaa| -- 9. nAyaka kA yogI veSa dhAraNa karanA : manohara ne madhumAlato ko khoja karane ke lie yogI kA veSa dhAraNa kiyaa| - 10. jalayAna kA TUTanA aura nAyaka kA bacanA : kumAra madhumAlatI kI khoja meM calate-calate samudrataTa para pahu~ce aura sadala-bala jalayAna para baiThe / jalayAna samudra kI bhaMvara meM par3akara TUTa gayA / usameM se kumAra daivI-dRSTi se baca gae aura eka ghane jaMgala ke pAsa samudra ke kinAre jA lge| - 11. asambhAvita ghaTanA dvArA sahAyatA : vana meM Age bar3hane para madhumAlatI kI sakhI rAjakumArI se bheMTa aura usake dvArA madhumAlatI kA patA btaanaa|

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130 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka 12. premabAdhaka tattva : vana meM rAkSasa se yuddha aura rAkSasa kA mArA jaanaa| 12. rAkSasa kA prANa kisI anya vastu meM : rAkSasa kA prANa isa kathA meM eka amRtavRkSa meM dikhAyA gayA hai| 14. nAyikA kA pakSI bana jAnA aura punaH nAyaka kA bhaTakanA : isa kathA meM madhu kI mA~ ne premA ke ghara para manohara aura madhu ko milate dekha liyA thA ataH lokabhaya se madhu ko pAnI chir3akakara paMchI banA diyaa| 15. upanAyaka kI sahAyatA se madhu pakSI ke rUpa se punaH pUrvavartI nArI rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai| 16. bArahamAsA : madhu ne saMdezavAhakoM se apanA duHkha kahalAyA aura apane bArahamAsa kA duHkha bhI khaa.| jAyasIkRta citrarekhA kI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyAM 1. Izvarastuti, pIra, guru, mitra Adi kI prazasti / 2. bAhyADambaroM kA khaNDana / 3. rAjA candrabhAnu ke yahA~ guNavatI citrarekhA kI utpatti, jyoti. SiyoM kI bhaviSyavANI ki yaha kannauja kI rAnI hogii| 4. kannauja ke rAjA kA niHsaMtAna honA / tapazcaraNa ke bAda putrotpatti / parantu putra ke alpAyu hone kI jyotiSiyoM kI ghoSaNA / 5. prItamakuMvara kA kAzI ke mArga meM mRtyubhaya se mUcchita honaa| siMghanadeva kA usI mArga se apane kubar3e beTe ke vivAha ke lie jAnA aura protamakuMvara ko kubar3e beTe ke sthAna para vara banane ko rAjI krnaa| 6. siMghanadeva ne use bIr3A diyaa| vara ke rUpa meM vivAha kiyaa| sAtakhaMDa ke dhaurahare para citrarekhA ke sAtha sulAyA gyaa| mRtyu kI yAda Ate hI citrarekhA kI sAr3I para likhakara kAzI jaanaa| 7. kAzI meM dAna dete samaya vyAsa jI se acAnaka "ciraMjIva" kA AzIrvAda / 8. citrarekhA ke AtmadAha kI taiyArI aura isakA Ayu prApta kara vahA~ pahu~canA tathA citrarekhA ko pAnA /

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 131 padamAvata meM kathAnaka rUr3hiyA~ 1. siMhaladIpa / 2. saMdezavAhaka zuka | 3. zuka kA pakar3A jAnA aura cittaur3a ke brAhmaNa dvArA kharIdanA / 4. brAhmaNa se rAjA dvArA kraya kiyA jAnA / 5. rAnI dvArA padminI ke sautarUpa meM Agamana kI AzaMkA se zuka ko mArane kA asaphala prayAsa / 6. eka rAjA dvArA zuka se padminI kA rUpa varNana sunA jAnA aura mohita honA / 7. rAjA dvArA pahalI rAnI, rAjyAdi kA tyAgakara zuka kA anugamana karanA / 8. rAjA naukA se sAta samudra pAra karatA hai / 9. siMhala ke agamya gar3ha meM rAnI kA nivAsa / 10. ziva maMdira meM rAjA kI tapasyA aura vasaMtapaMcamI ke dina padminI kA Agamana | 11. rAjA kA mUcchita honA aura padminI kA rAjA kI chAtI para kucha saMdeza likhakara jAnA / 12. sudha Ane para rAjA kA duHkha | 13.. rAjA kI prema parIkSA - pArvatI dvArA | 14. mahAdeva jI dvArA gar3ha kA mArga batAnA aura siddhi pradAna karanA / 15. gar3ha para car3hAI, agAdha kuMDa meM praveza kara vajra kivAr3oM ko . kholanA / 16. rAjA kA mahala meM pakar3A jAnA aura sUlI para car3hAne kA Adeza / 17. ziva-pArvatI kA veza badalakara padminI ke pitA ko samajhAnA aura usakA na mAnanA / 18. yuddha kI ghoSaNA, jogI rAjA kI ora se hanumAna, viSNu aura ziva ko dekha padminI ke pitA kA hAra mAnanA / 19. padmAvatI ratnasena kI huI / 20. nAgamatI ne pakSI dvArA ratanasena ko apanA saMdeza bhejA /

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132 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka 21. ratanasena bahuta sAmagro aura padmAvatI ko lekara siMhala se vidA huaa| 22. samudra kA yAcaka banakara dhana mAMganA aura rAjA kA niSedha / 23. samudra meM tUphAna se aTakakara jahAja laMkA pahu~ca gaye jahAM eka rAkSasa bhulAvA dekara eka anya samudra meM le gyaa| 24. rAkSasa kA rAjapakSI dvArA lekara ur3a jaanaa| 25. jahAja TUTa gayA, ratanasena aura padmAvatI alaga-alaga baha gye| 26. padmAvatI ko lakSmI ne bacAyA / 27. lakSmI kA ratanasena ko lAne kA AzvAsana / 28. ratanasena kI samudra ne brAhmaNa kA veza dhAraNakara sahAyatAM ko.. ora jahA~ padmAvatI thI vahA~ le gyaa|' .. 29. lakSmI dvArA ratanasena ko priikssaa| .. ___30. samudra ne amRta, haMsa, sonahA pakSI, zArdUla aura pArasa patthara dekara ratanasena ko vidA kiyaa| __31. lakSmI ke diye bAr3e meM ratna lekara lAva-lazkara jagannAtha meM kharIdA aura cittaur3a ko cle| 32. nAgamatI ko deva ne pati ke Ane kI sUcanA dii| 33. eka mahApaMDita rAghavacetana ne Akara kAvya sunAkara rAjA ko vaza meM kara liyaa| 34. rAghava dvArA yakSiNI-siddhi se pratipadA ko dUja kA candramA dikhAyA jAnA aura paMDitoM kA apamAna / 35. rAghavacetana ko desh-nikaalaa| 36. rAghavacetana dvArA padminI kA darzana aura usakA kaMgana grahaNa krnaa| 37. padminI ke rUpa se vaha behoza ho gayA / 38. rAghava dvArA alAuddIna se padminI ke saundarya kA bakhAna aura amola ratnoM kI suucnaa| 39. alAuddIna kA ratanasena ko patra aura ratanasena dvArA asviikRti| 40. ghamAsAna yuddha /

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 133 41. kannauja ke malika jahAMgIra ne alAuddIna ke kahane para nRtya karatI huI eka nartako para bANa dvArA prahAra / 42. alAuddIna aura ratanasena meM sNdhi| 43. alAuddIna cittaur3a dekhane gyaa| jharokhe se padmino kA dIkhanA aura sulatAna kA behoza ho jAnA / . 44. gar3ha se lauTate hue zAha ne rAjA ko dhokhe se bandI bnaayaa| 45. rAjA devapAla dvArA padminI ko phUsalAne ke lie datI bhejii| 46. dutI kI asaphalatA aura usakA nisskaasn| 47. zAha dvArA pAtUra jogina dUto ko padmAvatI ke pAsa bhejnaa| 48. jogina ke kahane se padmAvatI taiyAra huI para sakhiyoM ne rokaa| 49. gorA-bAdala dvArA ratanasena ko chur3Ane kA vacana / 50. bAdala kI nava-vivAhitA patnI dvArA use rokA jAnA aura usakA na ruknaa| 51. solaha sau DoliyAM sajAI gaIM jinameM padminI kI sakhiyoM ke sthAna para sainika dillI gye| 52. zAha se padminI ko solaha sau sakhiyoM ke sAtha Agamana kI . sUcanA dekara ratanasena se prathama milane kI AjJA prApta karanA / . 53. isa vidhi se ratanasena kA chur3A lenA aura ratanasena kA cittaur3a kI ora aanaa| 54, bAdala ratanasena ke sAtha cittaur3a lauTA, gorA ne zAha kI senA - ko rokA, yuddha meM mArA gyaa| * 55. rAjA cittaur3a phuNcaa| padmAvatI dvArA devapAla ko dUtI kA samAcAra denaa| ... 56. rAjA ne devapAla para car3hAI kI aura use mAra ddaalaa| 57. rAjA ko devapAla kI sela kA ghAva laga jAne se usakI mRtyu / 58. nAgamatI va padmAvatI kA sato honaa| lakSmaNasena-padmAvatI kI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyA~ ( yaha kathA sUfI premAkhyAnakoM se bhinna hai ) 1. prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNarUpa meM gaNapati ko namaskAra kiyA 1. DA0 satyendra, madhyayugIna hindI sAhitya kA lokatAtvika adhyayana, pu. 279-82.

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* 134 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka gayA hai| 2. siddhanAtha nAmaka yogI kApAlika AkAza mArga se gamana karatA aura sarvatra utpAta macAtA hai / 3. padmAvatI nAmaka rAjakumArI ko prApta karane ke lie usane eka sau rAjAoM ke zirocchedana kA praNa kiyA aura sabakA apaharaNa karake apane uddezya kI pUti ke lie eka kue~ meM DAla diyaa| ___4. lakSmaNasena ko bhA chala karake siddhanAtha ne kue~ meM DAla diyaa| 5. lakSmaNasena ne sabhI rAjAoM ko mukta kiyaa| isa parAkrama se vaha atyadhika thaka gayA aura pyAsa se vyAkula ho jala ko talAza meM sAmora nagara ke pAsa eka sarovara ke taTa para phuNcaa| vahA~ padmAvatI ke sAkSAt darzana se usake prati AkRSTa huaa| . 6. kavi ne padminI, citraNo, zaMkhinI aura hastinI ke bheda se: striyoM kA paricaya karAyA hai| 7. padmAvatI ke svayaMvara meM lakSmaNasena ne brAhmaNa ke veSa meM sabhI rAjAoM ko parAsta karake padmAvatI kA varaNa kiyaa| 8. yogI ne rAjA se padmAvatI ke prathama putra ko yAcanA kii| putrotpatti ke bAda rAjA kA putra ke sAtha yogo ke pAsa pahu~canA / yogI ke AdezAnusAra putra ke cAra Tukar3e krnaa| kaTe hue Tukar3e camatkArika DhaMga se khaDga, dhanuSa-bANa, vastra aura kanyA meM parivartita / . 9. rAjA kA pAgala honA aura jaMgala meM jaanaa| eka dhanakubera ke lar3ake kI DUbane se rakSA kI aura usakA kRpApAtra bnaa| 10. dhArAnagara kI rAjakumAro se prema aura vivAha / caturbhujadAsakRta madhumAlatIvArtA kI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyA~ 1. maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM gaNeza jI kI vNdnaa| 2. rAjA ko putrI aura usI ke maMtrI kA putra / donoM kA rAmasarovara para jAnA aura eka-dUsare ke prati AkarSaNa / 3. purohita naMda ke yahA~ rAjakumArI aura maMtrIputra kA par3hane jaanaa| guru ko anupasthiti meM rAjakumArI mAlatI kA pardA haTAkara madhu ko dekhanA aura usase prema prastAva krnaa|

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 135 ___4. madhu dvArA mAlato ko vaiSamya ke viSaya meM mRga aura siMhanI kI kathA dvArA samAdhAna karanA / parantu mAlatI kA bhI apane pakSa ke samarthana meM dRSTAnta denaa| 5. madhu kA haTha aura naMda ke yahA~ par3hanA baMda krnaa| 6. madha kA gulela lekara rAmasarovara para vinodArtha jAne laganA / vahA~ nagara kI anya striyoM kA pAnI bharane ke bahAne AnA tathA madhu ko cAhane lgnaa| 7. mAlatI bhI apano sakhI jaitamAla ke sAtha rAmasarovara Ane lagI aura vyaMgya karane lgii| 8. mAlatI dvArA madhu ko pUrvabhava kA smaraNa kraanaa| 9. mAlatI dvArA madhu para vazIkaraNa mantroM kA prayoga aura gtthbndhn| 10. navadampati kA vATikA meM rahane laganA aura mAlI dvArA rAjA ko sUcanA / rAjA ne donoM ke vadha kA nizcaya kiyaa| 11. mAlatI ne bhAgane ko salAha dii| parantu madhu ne asvIkAra kiyA aura zrIhari, sUrya aura zaMkara se prArthanA kii| zaMkarajI ne rakSA kA vacana diyaa| . 12. rAjA dvArA vadha kA prayAsa, madhu dvArA sabhI niSphala kara diye ge| * 13. rAjA ne punaH virATa senA bhejI / mAlatI ne kezava kA smaraNa ... kiyaa| kezava ne rakSArtha do bhAraMDa pakSiyoM ko bheja diyaa| ziva-durgA ne eka . . . siMha bheja diyaa| isa prakAra rAjA kI carma-maMDita senA bhI bhAga gii| 14. durgA ne prakaTa hokara rAjA kI bhala btaaii| rAjA ne kSamA..' yAcanA kI aura mAlatI tathA jaitamAla kA madhu ke sAtha vivAha kiyaa| chitAIvArtA kI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyA~ 1. citrakalA ke pradarzana ke lie rAmadeva rAjA dvArA navIna prAsAda meM citrazAlA kA nirmANa karAyA jaanaa| rAjakanyA chitAI kA citrazAlA dekhane AnA / usake sauMdarya ko dekhakara citrakAra kA mUcchita honA / / ___2. chitAI ke pati soraMsI kA mRgayA ke lie jAnA / mRga bhartRhari ke Azrama meM pahu~cA / unake niSedha karane para bhI soraMsI ne mRga ko nahIM chor3A to unhoMne chitAI ke anya puruSa ke vaza meM hone kA zApa de diyaa|

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136 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka 3. citrakAra chitAI kA citra bAdazAha alAuddIna ko dillI jAkara dikhAtA hai| bAdazAha use prApta karane kA upakrama karane lagatA hai / 4. devagiri ke kile ko alAuddIna ghera letA hai| phira bhI tor3a nahIM paataa| rAghavacetana maMtrazakti se haMsArUr3ha padmAvatI kA darzana karake kile ke gupta bhedoM ko jAna letA hai| 5. alAuddIna dvArA preSita dUtiyA~ chitAI ko pathabhraSTa karane kA asaphala prayAsa karatI haiN| 6. chitAI kA suraMga ke mArga se "ziva-liMga" pUjana ke lie jAnA. aura alAuddIna dvArA apaharaNa / 7. soraMsI kA yogIveSa dhAraNa kara lenaa| dillI ke nikaTavartI vana meM vINA ninAdita karanA jisase ,samasta jIva-jantu mugdha hokara . usake pAsa A ge| 8. eka vINA, jise soraMsI hI bajA sakatA thA, chitAI ne dillI ke prasiddha kalAkAra gopAla nAyaka ke yahA~ rakha chor3I thii| soraMsI jaba usake yahAM pahuMcA to usane vaha vINA bajA dii| chitAI ko yaha samAcAra milaa| saMgIta Ayojana meM bAdazAha dvArA soraMsI kA paricaya prApta honA aura chitAI ko use sauMpanA / rasaratana kI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyA~ 1. maMgalAcaraNa, zAhevakta Adi kI prazasti, durjana-nindA, sajjanaprazaMsA aadi| 2 pUrvavartI kaviyoM kA ullekha / 3. IzvaropAsanA se santAnahIna daMpati ko putrotpatti : rAjA somezvara aura paTarAno kamalAvatI ko zivArAdhanA se putra utpanna hotA hai / 4. svapnadarzana : raMbhA ko kAmadeva sUrasena ke rUpa meM darzana dekara aura usI prakAra rati raMbhA ke rUpa meM sUrasena ko svapna dikhAkara AkRSTa karatI hai| 5. AkAzavANI : virahAgni se raMbhA kI avasthA kSINa ho jAtI hai tabhI AkAzavANI hotI hai| 6. baarhmaasaa|

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 137 7. abhijJAna yA sahadAnI : vairAgara jAkara buddhivicitra citrakAra sUrasena ko raMbhA kA citra dikhalAtA hai jise pahacAnakara usakI unmattAvasthA dUra ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra sUrasena ke citra ko dekhakara raMbhA apane priya ko pahacAna letI hai| 8. sUrasena ko mAnasarovara ke kinAre se uThAkara apsarAe~ brahmakuNDa le jAtI haiM jahA~ ve apanI zApita sakhI kalpalatA kA gandharva roti se vivAha raca detI haiN| 9. apsarA-natya : sUrasena apsarA patnI se vivAhoparAnta usakI sakhiyoM kA natya dekhatA hai| 10. ziva-pUjA ke bahAne raMbhA sarasena se Akara milatI hai| 11. rAjakumAra sUrasena raMbhA kA patA lagAne ko yogI-veSa dhAraNa karatA hai| . 12. sUrasena ko vINA se pazu-pakSI mohita ho jAte haiN| caMpAvatI kI striyA~ vINA sunakara viparIta AcaraNa karane lagatI haiN| 13. vidyApati nAmaka zuka kalpalatA ke viraha kA saMdeza lekara caMpAvatI AtA hai| * samayasundarakRta mRgAvatI kI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyAM . 1. jinendra-stuti / ... 2. rAnI magAvatI ko rakta meM snAna karane kA dohada huaa| . 3. rakta ke sthAna para rAjA ne lAkSArasa se tAlAba bhara diyaa| rAnI ne usameM snAna kiyaa| - 4. rAnI snAna karake tAlAba se bAhara nikalI tabhI garur3a pakSI ne mAMsapiMDa samajhakara usa para jhapaTTA mArA aura le udd'aa| 5. ghane jaMgala meM garur3a ne rAnI ko chor3a diyaa| vahIM eka RSi ke Azrama meM putra udayana utpanna huaa| 6. rAnI ne udayana ko rAjA ke nAma se aMkita eka AbhUSaNa pahanA diyaa| bhIla dvArA pazu-vadha kiyA jA rahA thaa| udayana ne pazu ko nahIM mArane diyA aura usake badale meM vaha AbhUSaNa bhIla ko de diyaa| 1. DA0 zivaprasAda siMha, rasaratana kI bhUmikA, pR0 107.

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138 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka 7. bhIla AbhUSaNa becate samaya rAjakarmacAriyoM dvArA pakar3A gayA aura rAjA ke samakSa le jAyA gyaa| 8. rAjA ne bhIla se vRttAnta jAnA aura vaha Azrama jAkara mRgAvatI aura udayana ko le aayaa| 9. eka catUra citere ne mRgAvato kA citra banAyA tathA usa citra meM mRgAvatI kI jAMgha para tila kA cinha aMkita kiyaa| 10. rAjA ko citrakAra ke AcaraNa para saMdeha huA ataH use bhalAburA khaa| 11. citrakAra ne badale kI bhAvanA se mRgAvatI kA eka citra ujjaina ke rAjA caMDapradyota ko bheMTa kiyaa| rAjA mohita ho gyaa| 12. caMDapradyota ne mRgAvatI kI mA~ga kii| kauzAmbI ke rAjA dvArA mAMga asvIkAra kara dI gaI / ataH ghamAsAna yuddha huaa| 13. aMta meM mRgAvatI ne jaina muni se dIkSA le lii| samIkSA ___ uparyukta premAkhyAnakoM meM prayukta kathAbhiprAyoM ke sAmAnya adhyayana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki sabhI premAkhyAnakoM meM pakSI-zaka, garuDa, haMsa Adi; dohada-garbhavatI kI icchA; svapnadarzana-citradarzana Adi dvArA premotpatti; yogI kA veSa dhAraNa karanA; daivI sahAyatA; virahavarNanabArahamAsA Adi dvArA pahale santAnavihIna aura tatpazcAt ziva-pArvatI yA anya kisI kI kRpA se santAnotpatti honA Adi Adi aiso kathAnakarUr3hiyA~ hai jo prAyaH hI Adi se aMta taka ke kathAkAvyoM meM prayukta huI haiN| eka aura kathAnakarUr3hi vastuvarNana ke rUpa meM kathAoM meM prayukta hotI rahI hai jisakA ullekha bhI Avazyaka hai| ataH vastuvarNana ke viSaya meM vicAra kreNge| ___ 'vastUvarNana kAvya kA, cAhe vaha kisI vidhA kA kAvya ho, eka avibhAjya aMga rahA hai| bhAratIya sAhitya meM vastUvarNana kI sUkSmatA aura raMgInI eka stutya vastu rahI hai / ' DaoN0 zivaprasAda siMha kA yaha kathana vastuvarNana ke mahattva ko rekhAMkita karatA hai| saMskRta sAhitya ke kathAkAvyoM kA jina logoM ne adhyayana kiyA hai vaha avazya hI vastuvarNana ke mahattva se paricita hoNge| kavi yA kathAkAra kI vistRta jAnakArI kA

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 139 paricaya kathAkAvya ke vastuvarNana ko dekhakara hI lagAyA jAtA thaa| bANa kA nAma isa prasaMga meM ullekhanIya hai / parantu paravartI kAla meM vastuvarNana kartA ko vastuoM ke jJAnAjJAna kI samasyA nahIM rhii| yaha eka kavisamaya jaisI cIz2a yA rUDha paripATI ho gaI aura isakI eka paddhati hI bana gaI / taba vastuoM ko jAnakArI ke lie kavi ne zrama aura jJAna meM ruci rakhanA vizeSa Ayazyaka nahIM samajhA / yahI kAraNa hai ki kathAkAvyoM meM vastuvarNana ke nAma para ghisI-piTI sAmagrI hI sAmane AtI hai / jo ho, vastUvarNana ke antargata kisa vastu kA, kisa DhaMga se varNana kiyA jAye yaha bho nizcita kara diyA gyaa| unhIM mAnyatAoM ke anusAra vastuvarNana rUDha ho gyaa| maiMne prabandha ke prAstAvika meM hindI premAkhyAnakoM ke zilpa ko nirdiSTa karane ke lie eka kasauTI kA ullekha kiyA hai| usI ke antargata vastuvarNana-nagara, vana, bAga, giri, tAla, saritA, hATa, azva, gaja, Ayudha, siMhAsana ityAdi-kA apanA sthAna hai / sabhI premAkhyAnakoM kA vastUvarNana to isa sthAna para karanA mere lie asaMbhava hogaa| ataH hindI-premAkhyAnakoM meM vastuvarNana ke antargata AnevAle tatvoM kA AMzika vivecana kruuNgaa| ___ AcArya jinasena ( 8vIM zatAbdI ) ne AdipurANa meM nagara-grAmoM kA savistAra varNana kiyA hai / unhoMne nagaroM ko kheTe, kharvaTa, maDamba, pattana aura droNamurkha saMjJAoM ke antargata rakhA hai| mAnasAra, samarAMgaNa, mayamata, mAnasollAsa, harivaMzapurANa, agni, garur3a aura matsya purANoM meM isa saMdarbha meM pipula sAmagrI hai| mAnasAra meM nagara kI paribhASA karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki 'jisa sthAna para kraya-vikrayAdi vastu-vyApAra hote hoM, aneka jAtiyoM ke logoM aura karmakAroM kA jahA~ nivAsa ho aura jahA~ para sabhI dharmAvalambiyoM ke devAyatana hoM use nagara kahate 1. AcArya jinasena, AdipurANa, 16. 165-68. 2. 'sarigiribhyAM saMruddhaM kheTamAhurmanISiNaH' -vahI, 16. 171. 3. 'kevalaM girisaru ddhaM kharvaTaM tatpracakSate' --vahI.. 4. 'maDambamAmananti jJAH paMcagrAmazatIvRtam' -vahI, 16. 172. 5. 'pattanaM tatsamudrAnte ynnaubhirvtiiryte'| - vahI. 6. 'bhaved droNamukhaM nAmnA nimnagAtaTamAzritam' -vahI, 16. 173.

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140 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka haiN|'' hindI sAhitya meM AcArya kezavadAsa ne nagara-varNana meM Avazyaka vastuoM kI sUcI isa prakAra dI hai : khAI, koTa, aTA, dhvajA, vApI, kUpa tdd'aag| vAranAri asatI satI, varanaha nagara sbhaag|| vana, bAga, tar3AgAdi kA varNana karate samaya kina vastuoM kA ullekha karanA cAhie, isakA bhI nirdeza AcArya kezava ne kiyA hai| vana-bAga evaM saritA ke uddharaNa isa prakAra haiM :' . surabhI, ima, dhana, jIva bahu, bhUta, preta bhaya bhorN| . . jhilla bhavana, bablI, viTapa, dava varanahu matidhIra // 6 // bAga-varNana : lalita latA, taruvara, kusuma, kokila kalarava, mor| barani bAga anurAga syoM, bhaMvara bhaMvata cahuM ora // 8 // saritA-varNana : jalacara haya gaya jalaja taTa, yajJakuMDa munivAsa / snAna dAna pAvana nadI, baraniya kezavadAsa // 14 // hama yaha pahale hI kaha cuke haiM ki vastuvarNana meM rUr3hiyoM kA khulakara prayoga huA hai / jAyasI ne padamAvata meM mAnasarovara kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai : 1. 'janaiH parivRttaM dravyakrayavikrayakAdibhiH / aneka jAtisaMyuktaM karmakAraH samanvitam / sarvadevatasaMyuktaM nagaraM cAbhidhIyate / ' -mAnasAra, adhyAya 10, nagara vidhAna. 2. AcArya kezavadAsa, kavipriyA, 7. 4. 3. vistAra ke lie AcArya kezavakRta kavipriyA dekhie. 4. kavipriyA, 7. 6; 7. 8; 7. 14. padamAvata, saM0-vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, pR0 31-32.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 141 laMka dopa kai silA anaaii| bAMdhA saravara ghATa bnaaii|| khaMDa khaMDa sIr3hI bhaI grerii| utarahiM car3hahiM loga caha~ pherii|| phUlA kaMvala rahA hoi rAtA / sahasa sahasa paMkhurinha kara chAtA // ulahiM sIpa moti utraahoN| cuhiM haMsa aura keli kraahiiN|| kanaka paMkhi pairahiM ati loke / jAnahu citra saMvAre sone // Upara pAla caha~ disi aMbita phara saba rUkha / dekhi rUpa saravara kara gai piAsa au bhUkha // pAni bharai AvahiM panihAroM / rUpa surUpa paduminI nAroM // paduma gaMdha tenha aMga bsaahoN| bhaMvara lAgi tenha saMga phirAhIM // chitAIvArtA meM sarovara kA varNana isa prakAra milatA hai : phaTika silA baiThaka ati bnii| chAjeM maujeM maMdira tnii|| cApyo ghATa ghaTAe pATa / nIra bharai sundari ke ThATa // bAlA abalA prauDhA nAri / bharai Nora nyamala (nirmala) panihAri / tina ko rUpu barani ko kahai / kahata kathA kachu aMtu na lahai // sohaiM kamala kamodini pAna / bhaMvara bAsa rasa bhUlahiM nyAna // nimahi haMsa haMsinI saMga / bhare anaMda kuraMga kulaMga // kolati cakaI cakka cakora / bana ke jIva gujarahiM mora // dvaiki paMkhi maTAmare ghanai / jala kUkarI Ari angnai|| sArisa bagga haMsa unahAri / nimasahi paMkhi sarAvara paari|| puraina kamala rahe jala chAi / bahu phulavAri rahI mhkaai|| - puhukarakRta rasaratana meM sarovara-varNana ke kaI prasaMga Aye haiM / jAyasI ne jisa sarovara ke ghATa aura sor3hiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai ve mAtra laMkA dvIpa se Aye pattharoM se nirmita haiN| parantu pahakara ne jisa sarovara kA varNana kiyA hai usake kinAre vidruma ke aura sIr3hiyA~ marakata maNiyoM se nirmita haiM : aMgani cauka phaTika mani sAjA / tA madhi amala sarovara raajaa|| vidruma pAri racI disi cArI / marakata manakI siDhI sNvaarii|| nAnA barana sarovara sohai| dijakula keli karata mana mohai| -vairAgara0 140-141. 1. chitAIvArtA, saM0-DA0 mAtAprasAda gupta , pR0 63.

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142 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka rasaratana meM mAnasarovara kI zobhA dekhie : tahaM mAnasarovara sohanaM / sura nAga manuja nara mohanaM // saji pAri cArihu oraI / mana yukti marakata joraI // raMga aruna varanaha mohaI / sita nIla pItati sohaI // tihi tIra cahudisi kAnanaM / cita cAha kiya caturAnanaM // druma sAla tAla tamAlanaM / tahaM karata Saga vana pAlanaM // jala magana manakuma pattanaM / jihiM madhya madhukara chattanaM // kalaguJja guJjata rAjahoM / janu mAna gaMdhrapa gAjahIM // - vijayapAla0 236 - 239. caturbhujadAsakRta madhumAlatI vArtA meM mAnasarovara kI zobhA muniyoM ko bhI lubdha karane vAlI hai : rAma sarovara tAla kI sobhA kahI na jAya / seta varaNa paMkaja tihAM munivara rahe lubhAya // praphulita kamala bAsa mahama hai / vopamA mAnasarovara lahai // abalA kitI ika pAnI bharai | citravata kuMbha sIsa teM parai // kalasa hAtha teM girai / bhUlI mAnuM binA ta bharai // ityAdi / uparyukta katipaya premAkhyAnakoM se uddhRta sarovaroM ke varNanoM se sahaja hI meM patA lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki inameM kitanA sAmya hai / rUr3hi ho jAne ke kAraNa kucha meM to khAlI pakSiyoM Adi ke nAma hI ginA diye jAte haiM / uparyukta premAkhyAnakoM ke pUrvavartI 'candAyana' kAvya meM sarovaravarNana ke antargata jalacara jantuoM ke nAma isa prakAra diye haiM: pairahiM haMsa mAMcha bahirA haiM / cakavA cakavI keri karA haiM // dabalA DheMka baiTha jharapAye / bagulA bagulI saharI khAye // banaleu suvana ghanA jala chAye / aru jalakukurI bara chAye // pasaroM puraI tUla matUlA / hariyara pAta tai rAta phUlA // pAMkhI Ai desa kara parA / kAra kaMrajavA jalahara bharA // sArasa kurarlAhi rAta nIMda tila eka na Avai / sabada suhAva kAna para jAhiM raina bihAvai // 22 // 1. madhumAlatI vArtA, saM0 - vahI, pR0 3.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 143 vana, upavana, bAga, bagIcoM kA varNana ina sabhI kAvyoM meM milatA hai / rasaratana ke varNana meM kevala vRkSoM ke nAma hI ginA die gae haiM : sunyopura mitra baDhyo anurAga / vilokita naina manohara bAga // rahyo sukha saMpati AnaMda jheli / ghane phula phulaha lasai druma beli // sadA phara dAr3ima sobhita aMba / bane vara pIpara nIma kadaMba || mahAraMga nAraMga nibbU saMga | latA janu amRta sIci lavaMga // jamIrI galaggala zrIphala seva / phalai kadalI phala cAhaM deva // SajUrini SAraka tAla tamAla | sudhA sama dAkha anUpa rasAla // cameliya caMpaka bela gulAba | vaMdhUpa sarUpita sobhita lAla // - caMpAvatI0 100 - 103. chitAI vArtA meM bhI isI prakAra puSpoM aura vRkSoM ke nAma mAtra se saMtoSa kara liyA gayA hai : kusuma kuMda macakuMda maruvau kevarau ketuko kalhAra / gulAla sevatI mokaro sundara jAi / mahaMdI padamAkha kevaro ativarSa caMpaga pAi | * jAti kUjau juhI ati gani raho mahakAi / saghana dApyo dAkha. kamarakha nArayaMga nibuvA nAri / damma aMma jaMbhIra khArika saghana saravara pAri // 399 // kuMda khiraNI jAto phulavAdi / ganata biccha ko jAne Adi / lauMga lAicI beli anUpa | caMdana bana dekhe mahi bhUpa // 400 // ityAdi / jAyasI ke padamAvata ko amarAiyoM meM bhI vRkSoM ko sUcI hI prastuta kI gaI hai : phare A~va ati saghana suhaae| au jasa phare adhika sira nAe // kaTahara DAra pIMDa soM pAke / bar3ahara sou anUpa ati tAke // khiranI pAki khAMDa asi miittii| jAMbu jo pAki bhaMvara asi DIThI // nariara phare pharI khurahurI / phurI jAnu indrAsana purI // puni mahu cuve so adhika miThAsU / madhu jasa aura khajahajA Avana nAUM / dekhA saba guA supArI jAyaphara saba phara phare apUri / Asa pAsa ghani iMbilI au ghana tAra khajUri // 28 // moTha puhupa jasa bAsU // rAvana aMbarAUM //

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-144 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka nagara ke hATa-varNana se tatkAlIna nagaroM ko samRddhi kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / kaI sthAnoM para caurAsI hAToM ke hone ke saMketa milate haiM / jaise pradyumnacarita (1411 vi0 saM0) sadhAra agravAlakRta meM : ika soM bane dhavala AvAsa / maTha maMdira devala caupAsa // caurAsI cauhaTTa apAra / bahuta bhA~ti dIsai suvicAra // 17 // madhumAlatI vArtA ( caturbhujadAsa ) : 'basati pura nagare ' jojana cyAra / caurAsI cauhaTA cauvAra // 3 // rasaratana meM hAToM kA varNana dekhie : paTaMbara maMDita sobhita hATa / racyo janu deva surapati bATa // hU~ naga moti beta lAla / karaiM taha~ lacchima mola dalAla // . kahU~ gar3ha kaMcana cAru sunAra / kahU~ naTa nAMTika kautika hAra // kahU~ paTa paTa baneM jaratAra / kahU~ haya pherata haiM asavAra // kahU~ guheM mAlini causara hAra / kahU~ teM savArata haiM hathiyAra // kahU~ baraI kara pherata pAna / kahU~ gunI gAina sAjata gAna // kahU~ par3he paMDita veda purAna / kahU~ nara tAnata bAna kamAna // kahU~ ganikA gana rUpa nidhAna / kahU~ muni Isa kare tapa dhyAna // calyA nagarI saba dekhata sUra / kahU~ mRgamadda sugaMdha kapUra // rahai ika nAgari naina nihAra / calai ika pATa gavASa udhAra // caMpAvatI0 146-153. sabhI isa prakAra ke varNana meM kyoM pIche rahate ? unhoMne kanakahATa, zRMgArahATa aura phUlahATa kA sundara citraNa kiyA hai : puni dekhi siMghala kI hATA / navau niddhi lachimI saba bATA // kanaka hATa saba kuMkuMha lIpI / baiThA mahAjana siMghala dIpI // race thor3A rUpaI DhArI / citra kaTAu anega saMvArI // ratana padAratha mAnika motI / hIra paMvAra so anabana jotI // sona rUpa saba bhayau pasArA / dhavalasirI portAhaM ghara bArA // au kapUra benA kastUrI | caMdana agara rahAbhari pUrI // jeI na hATa ehi lInha besAhA / tAkahaM Ana hATa phita lAhA // koI kare vesAnA kAhU kera bikAi / koI calA lAbha sauM koI mUra gavAMi // 37 //

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 145 puni siMgAra hATa dhani desA / kai siMgAra tahaM baiThI besA // 38 // lai lai baiTha phUla phulhaarii| pAna apUraba dhare sNvaarii|| soMdhA sabai baiThu lai gAMdhI / bahula kapUra khiraurI bAMdhI // 39 // citrazAlA kA varNana bhI hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM apane pUrvavartI sAhitya ke anurUpa hI huA hai / chitAIvArtA kI citrazAlA kI racanA dekhie : bAvana basta mIlI ( miloM ) kari bAna / . ati anapa ArasI samAna / racI citrasAloM cita laai| dekhata hI mana rahai lubhAi // 112 // mAnika coka sa mana mohanI / racI anUpa cora miicnii|| kie bhauhare anu anu bhAMti / tina mAhi mano aMdhyArI rAti // 113 // bane hiMDore kaMcana khNbh| mAnahu upajai ukati suyaMbha // karI anUpa ati kharI siNgaar| mAnahu bharati ko bharI sunAri // 114 // cakavA cakavI ekai DAri / jala kUkarI maTAmari yAra // 115 // kamala kamodani purayani pAna / jhalamalAhi saravara samAna // 116 // maccha kaccha te doragha ghane / te sAdriSTa calakara bne| . sabhA sarovara dosai tisau / hathanApura pAMDava ko jisau // 117 // jinasa jinasa maMdira jinasAra / hema jarita sohai sijavAri // 123 // rasaratana meM sUrasena kI citrasArI kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai : lakhi rahai bhUmi mRga pahuMbhipAla / ati rucira rucitavara citrasAla // rAkhiya sugaMdha bhari kari banAi / aMganaha madhyi saravara subhAi // .guMjarata - bhaMga rasavAsa lona / mRgavAla nAda svAdahi adhIna // parajaMka maMDa tahaM citta cAri / paravAra hetu janu amara nAri // ina haththa pAi ika haththa cauri / ika kara sugaMdha gahi mukura auri // pacaraMga pATa sIraka bichAi / vahi rUpa opa baranI na jAi // bahu phUla sala sama dhari banAi / paTajhIna jhAri cAdara cunaai|| gir3ava jugala duhaM aura sAja / sura sarita seja dou kala rAja // malakati mukti jhAlara apAra / caMdova caMda janu jalajatAra / caMpAvatI0 223-228.

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146 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka rasaratana ke svayaMvarakhaMDa meM bhI citrazAlA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai : citrasAla citrita bahuraMgA / upajatu niraSi suSada suSa aNgaa|| vividha citra anavana vidhi sAje / jala thala jIva jaMtu saba raaje|| liSI bahuta lIlA karatArA / citra cAru dasaUM avatArA // baja vinoda bahu bhAMtana cInhA / rAma caritra cAra saba kiinhaa|| soraha sahasa aSTa pttraanii| citrI iMdra dharani. iNdraanii|| nAyaka nAtha liSe sura gyaanii| rukamina Adi ATa pttraanii|| rati ratinAtha citra puni kInhA / USA hita anurudha manu lInho // citrita sakala prema rasa priitii| mAdhau kAma kaMdalA riitii|| agni mitra maurAvata dhAtA / bharathari prema piMgalA rAtA // svayaMvarakhaMDa, 230-234 aura Age. __maMjhanakRta madhumAlatI meM citrasArI kA ullekha ekAdhika bAra AyA hai parantu usakA varNana isa taraha kA nahIM hai| jaise eka sthAna para premA kahatI hai : citrasAri eka tahAM saMvArI / tahaM khailai hama jAhiM dhamArI // pR0 166. ___ dUsare sthAna para kamalavadaniyoM ko jaba bhramara taMga kara rahe the taba ve citrasArI meM bhAga gaIM : duhaM kara badana chapAeM dhAI te bara nAri / citrasAri bhItaragai paisoM bAra pauri donha TAri // pR0 174. bArI mahaM citrasArI jahAM / tumha parabhAta gai basahu tahAM // hama aura vaha milatahi mili jaihaiM / khela misuna citrasArI ahaiM / pR0 251. isI prakAra ke anya prasaMga pR0 414, 415, 420 Adi para dekhe jA sakate haiM / zayyA athavA kusuma-zayyA : prAyaH premAkhyAnakoM meM nAyakanAyikA ke samAgama kA prasaMga AtA hai vahIM unakI seja phUloM se sajI dikhAI jAtI hai| kusuma-zayyA usa zayyA kA nAma hai jisa zayyA para phUla bichA die jAte haiN| hindI kA eka pracalita muhAvarA bhI hai 'phUloM kI seja' / rasaratana kA eka udAharaNa :

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 147 caMpaka beli gulAbana hAra / phUla seja vaha racIM apAra // malayAgiri udIpa sukharAtI / cahuM disi varai agara kI bAtI // apsarAkhaMDa, 85. candAyana meM zayyA - varNana isa prakAra hai : pAlaMga seja jo Ani bichAI / dharata pAu bhuI lAga jAI // pAna bane aru phUlaha bhArI / sonaiM jhArI hAMsa guMdArI // suraMga cIra eka Ana bichAvA / dharatI baisa jhaMvana asa AvA // tihi car3hi sUta ravauM bikarArA / khoMpA chUTa chiTaka gaye bArA // yaha bhaMti kareM phUla pahibAsI / karaMDI cAri phUra bhara DAsI // 207 // premAkhyAnakoM meM rAjAoM kI senAoM ke upayoga meM Ane vAle azva, hAthI Adi upayogI jAnavaroM kI vistRta jAnakArI milatI hai / chitAIvArtA meM alAuddIna bAdazAha ne sauMrasI kI vidAI para use jo ghor3e die the ve aneka jAti ke the : * 1 baraNuM tejI Uca tihAM taNe / Uce Ahi kaMdha tiha taNe // eka tIrI te harIo baranAM / kaMdha Agare choTe karanAM // seta turI caMcala guNa bane / citrati jAni citaurA tane // mahua sabaja sanehI bne| sIrAjI mugalI hAMsale // upaje sIMha nadI pazcama desa / baDI puMcha baraNai kabi lesa // karatara kAyA turI tukhAra / jarade nIle bora kayAha // jite bhuthAra kAbalI Ahi / sAThi kosa tho Avai jAi // pole nIle boru bahUta / calata cAla te bhAMbhara bhUta // goTa bahuta parabata ke Ahi / tai pura dInI ara cauguna thAi // pR0131. varNaratnAkara meM azvoM ke prakAra isa bhAMti haiM - haria, mahaa, mAMgala, kuhI, kuvAla, kaosa, uraja, nIla, garuDa, pIara, rAoTa, doroja, uvAha, Aha, sevAha, koMkAha, keyAha, harAha, SaurAha, roriha ye aneka vAlaghola se anuaha / 21 5 candAyana meM rAva mahara ke azvoM kA varNana dekhie : 1. varNaratnAkara, paMcama kallola, pR0 29.

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148 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka mahareM kAr3hi tukhAra bulAne | inha dasa ghare paura maMha Ane // haMsa haMsolI bhaMvara suhAye / hinA yaka khiMgAre bahu Aye // udira saMmuda bhuI pAu na dharihaiM / bhAva garaba te nAcata rahaiM // yaha turaMga tIna pA ThAr3he / nIra hariyAha pakharinha gAr3he // pR0 141. rasaratana meM ghor3e isa rUpa meM sAmane Ate haiM : palAneM tahAM teja-tAjI turaMgA / parai ucca ucchAla mAnau kuraMgA // kathA sulAlaM duraMgA suraMgA / khare zveta pItaM tathA sAvaraMgA // irAkI arabbI turakkI davacchI / mamolA amolA liye mola lacchI // .. baje dhAva dhAveM seM pUMcha acchI / mano uDDahIM bAMha baiThe supacchI // ubhai karna Uce maha ucca grIvA / mano ucca uccaizravA soma sIvAM // car3he sUra vaMzI mahA sUravIraM / ulaMghe mano caMpi vArAdhi nIraM // savai SaDga dhArI citai citta mohe / mano citta aureSi peSaMta sohe // pR0 103. candAyana meM rAva rUpacanda ke hAthI kisa prakAra ke the, yaha maulAnA dAUda ke zabdoM meM dekhie : UparaM baisAye // pakhare hasta dAMta bahirAye / dhAnuka lai banakhaMDa jaisa cale atikAre / Ane jAnu megha aMdhakAre // calana lAga janu carlAi pahArA / chAMha parai jaga bhA aMdhiyArA // karahi coTahiM AMkusa lAge / baru dasa kosa sahasa aga bhAge // jo korpAha to rAi saMghAhiM / bana taruvara jara mUra upAhi // sakara pAi bAni uTha, urai kAMdo hoi / rAu rUpacaMda kopA, tega na pAre koI // pR0 134. sUrasena kI senA ke hAthiyoM kA rasaratana meM varNana : cale matta maiMmata ghUmaMta matA / manau badalA syAma mAthai calaMtA || banI vagga rUpa rAjaMta daMtA / manau vagga AsAr3ha pAteM ur3antA // pItA suDhA DhakkeM / manau caMcalA cauMdha chAyAM jhalakka // girI zRMga ke kuMbha siMdUra maMDe / ghaTA agra pAteM manau bhArataMDe //

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 149 vahahiM jora chaMchAla te madda nIraM / lage gaMu guMjAra te bhaura bhIraM // kiye kuMDalI kuMDa suDAhalIyaM / lasau cauramari jo zRMgAra kIyaM // vijayapAla0 198-201. azvoM-hAthiyoM Adi ke atirikta yuddhoM meM raNavAdyoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| ina raNavAdyoM meM nagArA, bherI, tUrya, nIsAna, Dhola Adi kA pracalana thaa| raNavAdyoM ke atirikta bhI bAjoM ke nAma tatkAlIna kAvyoM meM Ate haiN| chitAIvArtA meM vAdyayantroM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra milatA hai : ekaNikara sohai syNgrii| juvato jubana raMga rsbhrii| eka rabAba dutArau dhare / suMdari sughara bajAvai khr|| Dholaka caMdramaMDalani saar| adhika apUraba pujavahi taar| bibidha bicakhkhiNa bolahiM baina / janu kasuMbha kesari raMgi naina // ekati kAmaNi kaMghaNi jaMtra / mAnaha basIkaraNa ke maMtra / jitI chitAI karI pravINa / te saMgIta raMga rasa loNa // saramaMDala sarabINa saMvAri / muraja mridaMga loMbara NAri / paima kapATa pakhAvaja bIna / baiThI laruNi tamAsai loNa // pR0 118-119. rasaratana meM bAjoM ke nAma isa prakAra Aye haiM : dhuja patAka torana bane, sIca sudhA rasa rNg| . paMca zabda maMgala baje, bhero Dhola mRdNg|| calo kuMvara pUjana gari, vAjana vAjana lagna / muraja. ruMja sahanAiya, vonA tAla taraMga // caMpAvatI0 324-25. vaMva vAji sora ghana ghora sAdaM / sabda mili paMca vAjaMta nAdaM // saMSa sahanAi karatAla tUraM / mili sabda AkAsa pAtAla puurN|| vahI, 386. aba yuddhavarNana ke do-eka uddharaNa dekhie jinase inako rUr3ha paramparA para prakAza pdd'egaa| indrAvatI meM kavi nUramuhammada ne ghanaghora yuddha kA varNana kiyA hai. jo isa prakAra hai :

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150 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka bhayau ghaTA DhAlana so kArI, kharagana bhaye bIja cmkaarii| rauMdA sIsa kharaga caugAna, khelahi vIrahiM car3hi maidAnU / hAla Apano Apano cAhai, ari ko hasta calAna sraahaiN| mAlA kharaga inai saba koI, bouna kharaga ThanAThana hoii| gagana kharaga ghaTA soM Thana gayaU, hina hina au dhuna hana hana bhyuu| onaI ghaTA dhara soM, dina mani rahA chipaay| ... vahA~ mahAbhAratya bhA, savada pareu hU hAya // pR0 98. isa padya meM khaDga kI camaka, talavAra kI ThanAThana, hina-hina aura hana-hana kI zabdAvalI kA prayoga huA hai / isI se bahuta sAmya rakhanevAlI zabdAvalI meM yuddha meM dhanuSa TaMkAra aura khaDgoM kI khanakhanAhaTa svayaMbhU ke paumacariu meM dekhI jA sakatI hai : haNa-haNa-haNaMkAra mahAraudadu / chaNa-chaNa-chaNaMtu gunnpi-pchi-sdd| kara-kara-karaMju koyaDaM pvru| dhara-dhara dharaMtu nnaaraay-nniyru| khaNa-khaNa-khaNaMtu tikkhagga khggu| hila-hila-hilaMtu haya caMca lggu| gula-gula-gulaMta gayavara visAlu / haNu-haNu bhaNatu hara vara visAlu // paumacariu, 63.3. rasaratana meM ghamAsAna yuddha ke bAda yuddhasthala kA vobhatsa rasa meM varNana isa prakAra upasthita kiyA gayA hai : pisAcana raccha raceM jyonAra / sarabbata ona kareM manuhAra // kare tahA~ prema pisAca ahAra / ....... ....... marorata muMDa nacAvata caadd'| kaMTakaTa daMta cacarota haadd'|| bacai ika pheri rakkatta aghAi / gile hakalIya achaMga vhaai|| yuddhakhaMDa, 268-69. candAyana meM bhI yuddhasthala para aisA hI vIbhatsa rasa dikhAI par3atA hai| yuddha ke bAda mRta sainikoM ko gRddhAdi pakSI kisa ruci se bhakSya banAte haiM : gIhi notA ketana haMkArA / kota rasoI agina parajArA // Aja bAMTha itai khaMDa tArA / lora basAyeM karauM jeunaaraa|| notA kAla desa kara AvA / cIlha ke dara mAMDo chAvA // saraga ur3ata khabarahara khInI / kAla karoha bhAMta dasa. konI // sanAM siyAra pitaramUkha aavaa| raina bAsa saba jAta bulAvA //

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. hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa : 151 kUda mAMsa dhara toraba, rakata bharaba lai kunndd| ATha mAMsa dhari jeMvata, sAta mAMsa lahi muNDa // pR0159. ina saba varNanoM ke mile-jule rUpa ko dekhakara yaha anumAna karane meM kaThinAI nahIM hotI ki hindI premAkhyAnakoM ke antargata AnevAlA vastuvarNana-zilpa apabhraMza caritakAvyoM kI zailI se adhika bhinna nahIM hai| ise hama Age tulanAtmaka rUpa se prastuta kreNge|

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adhyAya 4 sUfI kAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA __ hindI ke sUfI premAkhyAnakoM kA prArambha paramAtmA kI stuti; paigambara kA guNAnuvAda, guru yA pIra kA paricaya, cAra yAra kI sifata, zAhevakta kI prazaMsA, kAvya-racanA kA kAraNa Adi se hotA hai.| isake bAda mUlakathA prArambha hotI hai| mukhya kathA kaI bhAgoM meM vibhakta rahatI hai| una bhAgoM ke bhI upavibhAga hote haiN| una upavibhAgoM ke Upara viSayAnusAra zIrSaka rahatA hai| kAvya ke anta meM kavi kucha upadeza yA racanAkAla Adi dekara kathA kA samApana kara detA hai| sUfI kAvyoM ke zilpa aura hindU kAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana Age prastuta kiyA jaayegaa| philahAla yaha kahanA ucita hogA ki sUfI kAvyoM kA zilpa hindU kAvyoM ke zilpa se vaiSamya kI apekSA sAmya ho adhika rakhatA hai| hindI ke sUfI premAkhyAnakoM meM kAvyagata rUr3hiyAM evaM viSayagata zIrSakoM kA calana Adi bhAratIya caritakAvyoM kI hI dena hai| AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne likhA hai ki 'ina premagAthA kAvyoM ke saMbaMdha meM pahalI bAta dhyAna dene kI yaha hai ki inakI racanA bilkula bhAratIya caritakAvyoM kI zailI para na hokara phArasI kI masanaviyoM ke DhaMga para huI hai jinameM kathA sargoM yA adhyAyoM meM vistAra ke hisAba se vibhakta nahIM hotI, barAbara calI calatI hai, kevala sthAna-sthAna para ghaTanAoM yA prasaMgoM kA ullekha zIrSaka ke rUpa meM diyA rahatA hai| yaha kathana upalabdha pramANoM ke AdhAra para pramANita nahIM hotaa| yaha saca hai ki phArasI kI masanavI paddhati aura hindI ke sUfo premAkhyAnakoM meM samAnatA dekhI jA sakatI hai lekina yaha bhI saca hai ki jisa taraha safI kavi granthArambha meM paramAtmA, paigambara kI stuti karatA hai, guru-pIra 1. jAyasI-granthAvalI, saMpA0-paM0 rAmacandra zukla, paMcama saMskaraNa, bhUmikA pR0 4.

Page #167
sUfI kAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA : 153 auliyA aura zAhevakta kI prazaMsA karatA hai, ThIka vaise hI apabhraMza ke jaina caritakAvyoM ke granthArambha meM jinendradeva kI stuti, sarasvatI-vaMdanA, anya vandanAoM ke bAda pUrva kaviyoM kA guNAnuvAda yA nAmollekhAdi ke bAda hI mUlakathA kA prArambha hotA hai| taba yaha kyoM na mAnA jAye ki hindU-jaina caritakAvyoM meM apane-apane dharmAnusAra devI-devatAoM ko stuti kI jo paripATI thI usI rUpa meM safI kaviyoM ne bhI apane dharmAnusAra paigambara Adi kI stuti ke bAda hI kathArambha karane ke niyama kA pAlana kiyA ? mere kahane kA tAtparya mAtra yaha hai ki sUfI premAkhyAnakoM ko apabhraMza caritakAvyoM aura bhAratIya lokagAthAoM se sIdhe sambaddha mAnanA adhika upayukta hogaa| isa saMdarbha meM DA0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI kA kathana mahattvapUrNa hai-'janasAdhAraNa kA eka aura vibhAga, jisameM dharma kA sthAna nahIM thA, jo apabhraMza sAhitya ke pazcimI AkAra se sIdhe calA A rahA thA, jo gAMvoM kI baiThakoM meM kathAnaka rUpa se aura gAna rUpa se cala rahA thA, upekSita hone lagA thaa| ina safI sAdhakoM ne paurANika AkhyAnoM ke badale ina lokapracalita kathAnakoM kA Azraya lekara hI apanI bati janatA taka phNcaaii|" hindI-safo premAkhyAnakoM ke sUfI kAvya kA adhikAMza phArasI akSaroM se likhA gayA / masanavI phArasI sAhitya kI eka zailI hai| 'masanavI' kA vizleSaNa karane para nimnalikhita tathya sAmane Ate haiM : ....1. masanavo ke chandoM meM pratyeka pada apane Apa meM svatantra aura pUrNa ... hote haiM tathA ve tukAnta hote haiM / eka caraNa ke zabda dUsare meM nahIM jaate| . 2. premAkhyAna, dhArmika tathA upadezAtmaka kAvyoM ke lie masanavI '.'. ko apanAyA jAtA hai / 3. 'masanavI' svayaM eka pUrNa grantha hotA hai aura isakA nAma isakI nAyaka-nAyikA ke nAma para kavi rakhatA hai| kAlpanika nAma bhI rakhe jAte haiN| 1. DA0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI, hindI sAhitya ko bhUmikA, caturtha saMskaraNa, pR0 50. 2. DA0 rAmapUjana tivArI, sUfImata-sAdhanA aura sAhitya, pR0 527...

Page #168
154 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka 4. sAdhAraNataH masanavI sargabaddha hote haiN| pahale sarga meM paramAtmA kA guNAnuvAda, dUsare meM paigambara ko smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| tIsare meM paigambara ke 'mIrAja' kI carcA hotI hai| bAda meM zAsaka sultAna Adi ko prazaMsA rahatI hai / isake bAda mUlakathA prastuta kI jAtI hai| AcArya zukla ne likhA hai ki 'masanavI ke lie sAhityika niyama to kevala itanA hI samajhA jAtA hai ki sArA kAvya eka hI masanavI chanda meM ho, paramparA ke anusAra usameM kathArambha ke pahale Izvara-stuti, paigambara kI vandanA aura usa samaya ke rAjA ( zAhevakta ) kI prazaMsA honI caahie| ye bAteM padamAvata, indrAvatI, mRgAvatI. ityAdi sabameM pAI jAtI haiM / '2 isa saMdarbha meM pahale se kahA jA cukA hai ki bhAratIya caritakAvyoM meM bhI isI paddhati kA anusaraNa kiyA jAtA thaa| fArasI masanaviyoM ke prabhAva ko dRSTi meM rakhakara DA0. rAmapUjana tivArI ne likhA ki 'hindI sUfI kAvya isa paramparA se prabhAvita to avazya hai lekina usameM hUbahU isakI nakala nahIM kI gaI hai| bhAratIya vAtAvaraNa meM sUfI mata kA vikAsa araba aura phArasa jaisA na hokara mitra rUpa meM huaa| bhAratIya vicAradhArA se vaha bahuta prabhAvita huA / hindI kA sUfI kAvya jitanA bhAratIya vicAradhArA se prabhAvita mAlUma hotA hai utanA phArasI yA arabI paramparA se nahIM / jo bAta vicAradhArA ke sambandha meM kahI gaI hai vahI zailI-zilpa ke bAre meM bhI lAgU hotI hai| . __ masanavI aura caritakAvyoM kI zilpagata tulanA karane para yaha aura bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jina sUfo premAkhyAnoM ko tathAkathita masanaviyoM kI koTi meM rakhA jAtA hai unameM bhI maMgalAcaraNa prakriyA se lekara pUrva kaviyoM ke nAmollekha, kAvya racane kA kAraNa aura zuka, citra-svapna yA pratyakSa darzana se premotpatti, nagara-varNana ke sAtha hATa, sara, azva, gaja, yuddhAdi vastuvarNana Adi kanyAprApti taka kI kAvyagata rUr3hiyA~ nyUnAdhika 1. DA0 rAmapUjana tivArI, sUfImata-sAdhanA aura sAhitya, pR0 527. . 2. jAyasI-granthAvalI, bhUmikA pR0 4. 3. DA0 rAmapUjana tivArI kA 'sUfo kAvya-paramparA' lekha, avantikA, akTUbara 1954, pR0 45.

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sUfI kAvyoM meM pratIka -vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka- vidyA : 155 rUpa meM jyoM kI tyoM milatI haiM / itanA hI nahIM, ina sUfI premAkhyAnakoM maiM pratIkAtmaka zailI se bhI kAma liyA gayA hai / bhArata meM pratIkoM kA vaidika kAlIna itihAsa Aja bhI vartamAna hai / bahuta kucha pratIka hindo kI saMtakAvya - paramparA se sUphI paramparA meM le lie gae / vidvAnoM meM isa bAta kI bahuta carcA rahI hai ki kathA kA pratIka ke rUpa meM prayoga athavA mUlakathA se anyApadezika AdhyAtmika artha nikAlane kI paddhati sUfiyoM kI dena hai / para yadi apabhraMza ke mayaNaparAjaya athavA saMskRta ke prabodha - candrodaya jaise nATakoM ko dekhA jAya to lagegA ki yaha paddhati bhI bhAratoya hI hai / hindI premAkhyAnakoM ( hindI - sUfI ) meM prayukta rUr3hiyoM kA vivaraNa pichale adhyAya meM diyA jA cukA hai aura vahIM yaha bhI dikhAyA gayA hai ki ve apabhraMza premAkhyAnakoM athavA caritakAvyoM meM prayukta rUr3hiyoM se kisa kadara jur3I huI haiM / ataH yahA~ masanavI aura caritakAvyoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke lie unakI punarAvRtti karanA ucita nahIM hai / sUphI premAkhyAnakoM meM pratIkoM kA kyA upayoga rahA hai - yaha avazya vicAraNIya prazna hai / koI vyakti jaba apanI antarbhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti kA mAdhyama mAtra bhASA ko nahIM banA pAtA athavA yoM kaheM ki bhASA usakI abhivyakti ke lie pUrNa sakSama nahIM hotI taba vaha pratIkoM kA prayoga karatA hai / * sUphI siddhAnta kI rIr3ha prema hai aura AdhyAtmika-alaukika prema ko . abhivyakta karane ke lie bhASA ko sAdhAraNa kSamatA kaise sakSama ho sakatI thI ? alaukika bhASA ko kAvyoM ke mAdhyama se samajhane kI zakti kisameM thI ? ataH sUphiyoM ne apane kAvyoM meM pratIkoM, anyoktiyoM, sUktiyoM . Adi kA pracura prayoga kiyA / isa viSaya meM yaha kahanA sahI hai ki 'yadi hama pratIkoM kA prayoga na kareM to hamArA divyadarzana kisI ke bhI hRdaya meM utara nahIM sakatA aura vaha sacamuca auroM ke lie eka aisI pahelI bana jAtA hai jisakA sAmAnya buddhi, viveka aura vizvAsa se kucha bhI sambandha nahIM raha jAtA / " sUphiyoM ne apane sAhitya meM pratIkoM kA jo sahArA liyA usakA eka pradhAna kAraNa yaha bhI thA ki unheM kaTTara islAmapaMthiyoM DA0 candrabalI pAMDe, tasavvupha athavA sUfImata, pR0 100.

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156 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka se khatarA paidA ho gayA thA / pratIkoM ke prayoga se sUphiyoM ko duharA lAbha huA-eka to ve apane mata kA pracAra nirvAdharUpa meM kara sake, dUsare kaTTara islAma ke rUr3hivAdI AkramaNa ke sAmane ye pratIka DhAla kA kAma dene lage / saMbhavataH phArija ne isIlie kahA ki pratIkoM ke prayoga se do lAbha pratyakSa hote haiN| eka to pratIkoM ko oTa lene se dharma-vAdhA Tala jAtI hai, dUsare unake upayoga se una bAtoM ko abhivyaMjanA bhI qhaba ho jAtI hai jinake nidarzana meM vANI asamartha athavA mUka hotI hai| pratIka zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue jemsa hesTigsa ne kahA hai ki pratIka kisI dRzya yA zravya rUpa kA athavA kisI vicAra, bhAva yA anubhava kA dyotaka hai, jo tathyarUpa meM jJAna aura kalpanA ke mAdhyama se anumeya ko vyAkhyA karatA hai / isa viSaya meM jemsa ne pratIkoM kA prayoga do prakAra se saMbhava batAyA hai : eka to kAryoM yA zabdoM ke dvArA pratIkAtmaka abhi-- vyakti, dUsare kalA ke mAdhyama se abhivyakti / isa vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki pratIka svayaM kiso bhAvanA ke pratIka haiM arthAt jo bhAvanA yA sUkSma tattva bhASA meM baMdha nahIM pAtA use pratIka rUpAyita karane kA sAdhana hai| pratIka kahalAne vAle ve zabda yA bhAva aura kArya kyA haiM jo pratIka nAma se bodhagamya hote haiN| pratIkavAda dharma ke lie sAdhaka bhI hai aura bAdhaka bho / pratIka kiso vicAra yA bhAva ke dyotaka rahane taka upayogI siddha hote haiM / parantu jaba ve dyotaka na rahakara bhAva hI bana jAte haiM 1. DA0 candrabalI pAMDe, tasavvupha sUfomata, pR0 97-98. 2. "A symbol is a visible or audible sign or emblem of some thought, emotion, or experience, interpreting what can be really grasped only by the mind and imagination by something which enters into the field of observation. So far as Greek and Roman religions are concerned, we need speak only of two kinds of symbols-symbolic representation by means of actions or words and symbolic representation in art.'-James Hastings, Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. 12. p. 139.

Page #171
sRfo kAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA : 157 . taba ve mUlyahIna ho jAte haiN| isa taraha kA khatarA bhI sUphI kAvyoM meM kama nahIM miltaa| sUphI premAkhyAnakoM evaM sUphI siddhAnta meM prema pradhAna tattva hai, isakA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| isa prema kA artha rati se hai| rati kA jo Alambana hai vaha sUphiyoM ke priyatama kA pratIka hai| videzI sUphiyoM ne rati ke Alambana ke rUpa meM kizora ko cunA, strI ko nhiiN| isakA kAraNa yaha thA ki unakA priyatama sadaiva kizora ke rUpa meM hI prastuta hotA hai| parantu yaha laukika Alambana ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gyaa| unake prema kA jo pradhAna pAtra hai vaha to paramAtmA hI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki sUphI masanaviyoM meM dAmpatya bhAvanA ke jisa prema kA varNana kiyA gayA hai usameM Alambana paramAtmA kA dyotaka pAyA jAtA hai| prema kI pukAra avirala gati se hotI rahe isase sUphiyoM ne surati ko sthAna diyaa| sUrati meM Ananda athavA lagana tabhI A sakatI hai jaba surA ho, ataH surati ke sAtha sUphiyoM ne surA ko bhI apanA liyA / jaba surati, surA bhI ho gaI to * isa surA ko DhAlakara denevAlA bhI koI honA hI cAhie / ataH sAkI yA mAzUka ko sthAna milaa| yahI sUphI kAvyoM meM * pratIka bana gae / bhAratIya saphI premAkhyAnakoM meM yahA~ kA prabhAva hone ke kAraNa sAqo kA antarbhAva premikA meM kara liyA gyaa| ina kaviyoM ne premikA kA varNana jahA~ bhI prastuta kiyA, usake nakha-zikha saundarya kA bhA savistAra citraNa kiyA / vaise rUpa-saundarya kA varNana karate samaya bhAratIya sAhitya meM nakha-zikha varNana kI paramparA bahuta prAcIna rahI hai| parantu sUphI sAhitya meM yaha nakha-zikha varNana bhI pratIkAtmaka ho gyaa| isa saMdarbha meM DA0 candrabalI pAMDe ne likhA hai ki 'jaba mAzUka pratIka hai to usakA nakha-zikha bhI usake antargata samajhA jaayegaa| usake aMga-aMga pratIka hoMge / nakha-zikha meM mukha kI pradhAnatA hotI hai / usakA varNana prAyaH 1. 'In religion, symbolism is a help and hindrance. It provi des a sign for an idea and useful in recalling the idea. But when, instead of recalling, it replaces the idea, it becomes a menace.' -Hopkins, Origin and Evolution of Religion, p. 45.

Page #172
158 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka sabhI kavi khUba karate haiM / para usakA pragaTa darzana kitanoM ko hotA hai ? parade ke bhItara kA dIdAra ho to tasavvupha kA saba kucha hai / " jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai hindo- sUphI kaviyoM ne videzI sUphI kAvyoM ke pratIkoM ko upayoga meM yadi liyA bhI to samanvaya ke saath| yahI kAraNa thA ki jisa 'kizora' rUpa ko prema kA pratIka videzI sUfI kAvyoM meM mAnA gayA use bhArata ke vAtAvaraNa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA skaa| phalataH premAspada ko 'kizora' ke sthAna para taruNI bananA par3A / . 1 mukha ko sUphI premAkhyAnakoM meM IzvarIya saundarya kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai / yaha kAraNa hai ki jahA~ bhI sUphI kavi priyatamA ke mukhakA varNana karatA vahA~ usakI upamA divya upamAnoM se detA hai / citrAvalI jaba jharokhe se jhA~katI hai to usamAna kavi ko lagatA hai mAno cA~da svarga se jhA~ka rahA ho / kisI mAnava kA itanA asAdhAraNa svarUpa nahIM ho sakatA jabataka : ki vaha IzvarIya zakti kA pratIka na ho / citrAvalI ke rUpasaundaryaM kA prakAza divyajyoti kA hI prakAza hai : citrAvalI jharokhe AI / saraga cA~da jana dInha dekhAI // bhayo a~jora sakala saMsArA / bhA alopa dinakara maniyArA // cauMdhe sura saba surapura mAhIM / cauMdhe nAga dekhi parachAMhI // cauMdhe mahimaMDala nara nArI / cauMdhe jala thalaM jiva saba jhArI // cauMdhe jogI ahe tarAhIM / kasa aMjora koI jAne nAhIM // candAyana meM cA~da ke mukhamaNDala ko chaTA se sArA bhavana jagamagAtA hai / parantu isa IzvarIya saundarya ko ajJAnarUpI andhakAra dekhane nahIM detA / sUphiyoM ne kezoM ko ajJAna yA mAyA kA pratIka mAnA jo 'mukhamaNDala' brahma ke pratIka ko Dha~ke rahate haiN| kezoM ko jAyasI ne mAyA ke pratIkArtha meM hI prayoga kiyA hai | unakA kathana hai : sasi aMga malaigiri rAnI / nAgahna jhAMpi lohra araghAnI // onae megha parI jaga chAhAM / sasi kI sarana lohna janu rAhAM // mukha 4 1. DA0 candrabalI pAMDe, tasavvupha aura sUfImata, pR0 95. 2. citrAvalI, pR0 106. 3. candAyana, pR0 116. 4. padamAvata, saMpA0 - DA0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, pR0 61.

Page #173
sUfI kAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA : 159 bhAratIya darzana meM mAyA ko atyadhika balavatI mAnA gayA hai| yahI mAyA brahma aura AtmA ke milana meM bAdhaka hai / mAyA kA vistAra aura prabhAva gaharA hotA hai / isake phaMde meM phaMsakara nikalanA kaThina hI hotA hai| jAyasI ne isI ko kezoM ke pratIka dvArA samajhAyA hai : asa phaMdavAre kesa vai rAjA parA sosa giyaM phAMda / asTau kuro nAga oragAne bhai kesanhi ke bAMda // ' isa mAyA meM phaMsakara vyakti ko jIvana bhara ajJAnAndhakAra meM bhaTakanA par3atA hai| mAyArUpI ajJAnAndhakAra kA svarUpa ThIka kezoM ko kAlimA ke samAna hotA hai : benI chori jhArU jauM bArA / saraga patAra hoi aNdhiyaaraa|| sUphI kaviyoM ne keza yA laTa kA varNana nAyikA kI mukhamaNDala kI zobhA baDhAne ke lie kiyA hai| prAyaH hI premAkhyAnakoM meM nAyikA ke mukha para laTa ko dekhakara nAyaka macchita hote avazya dikhAyA gayA hai| isakA . tAtparya yaha hai ki laTa ko dekhakara vyakti mArgacyuta hotA hai kyoMki laTa mAyA kI pratIka hai / nUramuhammada ne laTa kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai : vahe upavana para laTa saTakArI, tapI devasabhA nisa aNdhiyaarii| .mohi parA darasana kara caurA, hanA bAna bana A~khina pheraa| eka kahA laTa soM mukha sobhA, hota adhika lakhi murachA lobhaa| eka kahA laTa nAgina mArI, DasA garala soM girA bhikhaarii| 'eka kahA laTa jAmina hoI, rAti jAni jogI gA soii|| jAyasI ne padminI kI barauniyoM kA varNana brahma kI mohinI zakti ke pratIka-rUpa meM kiyA hai : barunI kA baranauM imi banI / sAMdhe bAna jAnu dui anI // jarI rAma rAvana ke sainaa| bIca samaMda bhae dui nainaa|| vArahiM pAra banAvari saaNdhii| jAsauM hera lAga bikha baaNdhii|| 1. padamAvata, saMpA0-DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, pR0 96.. 2. vahI. 3. iMdrAvatI, pR0 60.

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160 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka unha bAnanha asa ko ko na maaraa| bedhi rahA sagarauM sNsaaraa|| gaMgana nakhata jasa jAhi na gane / haiM saba bAna ohi ke hane // dharatI bAna bedhi saba raakhii| sAkhA ThADhi dehiM saba saakhii|| rovaM rovaM mAnuSa tana tthaaddh'e| sotahi sota bedhi tana kAr3he // ' jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai ki priyatamA kA nakhazikha zarNana hI pratIkAtmaka hai| pratIkoM kI bAta kezoM aura barauniyoM taka hI sImita nahI rhtii| jAyasI ne padmAvatI kI vANI kI jo mahimA gAI hai vaha, pUrNa rUpa se pratIkAtmaka hai| aisI vANI jo sabako sukhada ho vaha paramAtmA kI hI ho sakatI hai| jAyasI kahate haiM ki padmAvatI ke amRta vacanoM ko sunakara sabakA mana anurakta ho jAtA hai / usa svara ne cAtaka aura kokila kA svara hara liyA / vINA-vaMzI meM bhI vaha svara nahIM miltaa| . .. vaha prema ke amRta se page vacana bolato hai, jo sunatA hai vahI masta ho cakkara khAne lagatA hai / Rgveda, yajurvarda, sAmaveda aura atharvaveda ina cAroM vedoM meM jitanA jJAna hai saba usake pAsa hai| usakI eka-eka bAta meM cAra-cAra artha bhare hue haiM jisako samajhane meM indra mohita aura brahmA sira dhunane lagate haiN| amarakoza, mahAbhArata, piMgala chaMda aura gItA sambandhI zAstrArtha ke paMDita bhI usase nahIM jItate ......... ityAdi / harai so sura cAtrika kokilA / bIna baMsi-vaha bainu na milA // cAtrika kokila rahahiM jo naahiiN| suni vaha baina lAji chapi jaahiiN|| bhare pema madhu bolai bolaa| sunai so mAti ghumi ke ddolaa|| catura beda mati saba ohi pAhA~ / riga jaju sAma atharbana mAhAM // eka eka bola aratha caugunA / iMdra moha baramhA sira dhunA // amara bhAratha piMgala au gItA / aratha jUjha paMDita nahi jItA // 10 // vAstava meM padmAvatI ke rUpa-saundarya ke varNana meM jAyasI ne jo varNana prastuta kiyA hai vaha brahma ke asIma saundarya kA pratIka mAnakara hI kiyA hai, isameM sandeha nhiiN| padminI kI daMtapaMkti ke varNana se spaSTa hI parilakSita hotA hai ki vaha IzvarIya prakAza kI pratIka hai : jehi dina dasana joti nirmii| bahutanha joti joti ohi bhaI // rabi sasi nakhata dInhi ohi jotii| ratana padAratha mAnika motii|| 1. padamAvata, pR0 101. 2. vahI, pR0 105.

Page #175
. . sUfo kAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA : 161 jahaM jahaM bihaMsi subhAvahiM hNsii| tahaM taha chiTaki joti prgsii|| dAmini damaki na sarabari puujaa| puni vaha joti aura ko duujaa|| bihaMsata haMsata dasana tasa camake pAhana uThe jharakki / dArivaM sari jo na ke sakA phATeu hiyA darakki // 107 // ina kaviyoM ne daMtapaMkti ko prakAza kA pratIka mAnA to adharoM ko amRta kA bhaMDAra / paramAtmA kI amaratva prApta karAnevAlI zakti ke pratIkasvarUpa adharoM ko svIkAra kiyA gyaa| nUramuhammada kahate haiM ki adharasudhArasa kA pAna karake maraNa nahIM hotA : adhara taihika jiu dAtA AhI, deta bhalo jIvana jasa caahii| to mohiM soca jiu kara nAhI, hoi sudhA tehi adharana maahiiN| bahura prAna deI mohi soI, tita jIvana puna marana na hoii| parantu yaha amRta sabhI ko prApta nahIM hotaa| yaha to bar3I sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se hI saMbhava ho sakatA hai| vaise amRta kA pAna to sabhI karanA cAhate haiM : amia adhara asa rAjA saba jaga Asa krei| kehi kahaM kaMvala bigAsA ko madhukara rasa lei|| - isa apUrva alaukika adharAmRta kA pAna sAdhaka ko paramAtmA-milana meM sahAyatA detA hai / 'maya' aura sAkI kA prayoga bhI pratIka ke rUpa meM huA hai / 'maya' ke pIne se sAdhaka kA sambandha jagat se nahIM raha jaataa| vaha apane priyatama kI ora sambandha jor3ane meM sahAyaka hotA hai| sAdhaka aura sAdhya ke milane para jo premarasa prakaTa hotA hai use sAdhaka madirArUpa meM pAna karake priyatamAkAra ho jAnA cAhatA hai| premI kI yahI icchA rahatI hai ki use 'maya' kA labAlaba bharA pyAlA milatA jAe jisase usakA mAnasa priyatamA meM hI lagA rahe : eka piyAlA bhara mada dojai mola piyAre mAnasa liijai| 1. padamAvata, pR0 104. 2. indrAvatI, pR0 77. 3. padamAvata, pR0 103. 4. indrAvatI, pR0 78.

Page #176
162 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka pAha: padamAvata meM ratanasena ke madhupAna ke samaya padmAvato Agraha karatI hai ki madhu ko thor3A-thor3A cakhakara hI piyeM / parantu vaha apane priyatama kI hara AjJA ko zirodhArya karane kI icchA ke sAtha hI aisA sujhAva detI hai| jAyasI ne surA ko premarasa ke pratIka artha meM hI liyA hai : binati karai padumAvati bAlA / so pani surAhI pou piyaalaa| .. piu Aesu mAthe para leU / jauM mAMgai nai nai sira deuuN| / paipiya bacana eka sunu morA / cAkhi piyaha madhu thorai thoraa| pema surA soI paipiyA / lakhai na koi ki kAhUM diyA // 319 // parantu jo sAdhaka premarasa kA pAna kara ca kA hai vaha sAdhanA meM Ane vAlI mauta jaisI bAdhAoM se bhI vicalita nahIM hotA / use apanI sAdhanA meM hI DUbA rahanA AnandadAyaka hotA hai| isI bhAva ke pratIkArtha jAyasI ne likhA hai : . .. sunu dhani pema surA ke pieN| marana jiyana Dara rahai na hieN| jahaM mada tahAM kahAM saMbhArA / ke so khumarihA ke mNtvaaraa| so pai jAna piyai jo koii| pI na aghAi jAi pari soii| jA kahaM hoi bAra eka lAhA / rahai na ohi binu ohI caahaa| aratha daraba saba dei bhaaii| kaha saba Au na jAu piyaaii| rAtihuM devasa rahai rasa bhiijaa| lAbha na dekha na dekhai chiijaa| bhora hota tava paluha sarIrU / pAva khumarihA sItala nIrU / eka bAra bhara dehu piyAlA bAra bAra ko maaNg| muhamada kimi na pukArai asa dAMu jehi khAMga // 320 // nUramuhammada ne madirA ke viSaya meM likhA hai : binA kadambari ke piye, trAsa na mana so jaat| dayAvatI hoi dIjiye, holika lAgI prAta // sUphI kAvyoM meM sAdhanA evaM darzana se sambandha rakhane vAle pratIka 1. padamAvata, pR0 317-18. 2. padamAvata, pR0 318. 3. indrAvatI, pa0 34.

Page #177
sUfI kAvyoM meM pratIka -vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA : 163 apekSAkRta kAvyAtmaka pratIkoM ke adhika dRSTigata hote haiM / jaise paramatattva ke sAkSAtkAra ke lie kucha sAdhakoM ne cAra avasthAe~ mAnI haiM aura kucha ne sAta sthitiyAM ( muqAmAta ) svIkAra kI haiM / sUphiyoM kI mAnyatA hai ki sAdhanA patha para nirantara bar3hate jAne ke lie sAta muqAmAtoM kA bar3A mahattva hai / sAdhaka apanI sAdhanA ko kramazaH agrasara karatA jAtA hai aura ina muqAmAtoM para Thahara-Thahara kara apanI sthiti ko majabUta karatA hai / eka sAtha kisI mArga ko taya karane meM thakane kI saMbhAvanA to rahatI hI hai -- khatare ko usameM kahIM adhika AzaMkA ho jAtI hai| sUphI sAdhaka apane iSTa kI khoja meM 'sAlika' yA yAtrI kI bhUmikA kA nirvAha karatA hai | vaha apanI yAtrA para pahuMcane ke lie sAta mukAmAtoM ko taya karatA huA ( zarIata, tarIkata, mArifata Adi ) aMtima lakSya ' phanAphila - haqa' ko prApta karatA hai arthAt paramAtmA meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra sUphI sAdhaka kI yAtrA samApta ho jAtI hai aura usakI pyAsa bujha jAtI hai, vaha apane priyatama meM ekAkAra ho jAtA hai / rUmI ke anusAra antima lakSya 'phanA' taka sAdhaka ko pazcAttApa, tyAga, paramAtmA meM vizvAsa aura japa kI sthitiyoM ko pAra karanA hotA hai / attAra ne inhIM sthitiyoM ko sAta ghATiyoM ke nAma se prakaTa kiyA hai / pahalI ghATI khoja 1. The Sufi sets out to seek God, calls himself a traveller (Salik ), he advances by slow stages ( Magamat) along a * path ( Teriqat ) to the goal of union with reality (FanafilHaqq). - Mystics of Islam, p. 28. 2. It is the way that leads away from self, though repent. 'ence, renunciation, trust in god ( Tawakkul), recollection (Zikar) to ecstasy and union with God. The final stage is fana, culminating in pana-al-fana.--Influence of Islam, p. 150. 3. The first of the seven is the Valley of Search, the second is the Valley of Love. The third Valley is that of Knowledge. The fourth stage is the Valley of Detachment. The fifth Valley is that of Unification. The sixth Valley is the Valley of Bewilderment, the seventh and the last Valley

Page #178
164 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka kI hai, dvitIya prema kI ghATI hai / tRtIya ghATo jJAna kI hai / cauthI ghATI viccheda kI hai, isameM sArI icchAeM vilIna ho jAtI haiN| pAMcavIM ghATI priyamilana ko hai| chaThI ghATI vismaya kI hai aura sAtavIM ghATI Atmalaya ko hai| ukta saMdarbha ko dRSTi meM rakhakara bhAratIya sAdhanA kI ora dhyAna-deM to hameM yogadarzana, bauddha aura jaina sAdhanAoM meM bhI isa prakAra kI avasthAoM kA spaSTa ullekha dikhAI pdd'egaa| yogadarzana ke anusAra yoga ke yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi ye ATha aMga haiN|' bauddhoM ne aSTAMgayoga ke sthAna para SaDaMgayoga ko mAnyatA dii| jaina loga AtmA ko svatantra sattA meM vizvAsa karate haiN| isalie ve AtmA kA paramAtmA meM vilaya na dikhAkara kevalajJAna aura mokSa ko sthiti ko carama lakSya mAnate haiN| isake lie sAdhaka ko caudahamithyAtva, sAsAdana, mizra, avirata, dezavirata, pramattasaMyata, apramattasaMyata, apUrvakaraNa, anivRttikaraNa, sUkSmasaMparAya, upazAntamoha, kSINamoha, saMyogIjina aura ayogIjina-gaNasthAnoM ko pAra karanA hotA hai| kevalajJAna kI sthiti meM dhyAna, dhyAtA aura dhyeya kA koI vikalpa nahIM raha jaataa| saMkSepa meM yaha kahanA hogA ki pratyeka dharmAvalambI ne sopAnoM kI sthitiyAM svIkAra kI haiN| ___ sUphI sAdhanA meM jina sAta mukAmAtoM athavA cAra avasthAoM kA vidhAna hai aura ina mukAmAtoM ko pAra karane ke lie sUphI sAdhaka bar3o se bar3I kImata adA karane ko taiyAra rahatA hai--iso ko dhyAna meM rakhakara sUphI kaviyoM ne sAdhanApatha meM AnevAlI bAdhAoM kA pratIkAtmaka saMketa samudroM, parvatoM, ghATiyoM, nadiyoM Adi ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| jAyasI ne rAjA ke kUca (prayANa ) karane para mArga meM AnevAlI bAdhAoM kA jo varNana kiyA hai ve sAdhanA-patha kI bAdhAoM ke pratIka banakara hI sAmane Ate haiM : is the Valley of Annihilation. -Persian Mystics, Attar, pp. 29-30. 1. DA0 dharmavIra bhAratI, hindI sAhitya koza, pR0 880. 2. vahI. 3. dekhie-gommaTasAra Adi graMtha,

Page #179
sUfI kAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA : 165 kahehni Aju kachu thora pyaanaa| kAli payAna dUri hai jAnA // ohi melAna jaba pahuMcihi koI / taba hama kahaba puruSa bhala soii|| ehi Age parabata ko paattii| biSama pahAra agama suThi ghaatto|| bica bica khoha nadI au nArA / ThAvahi ThAMva uThahiM bttpaaraa|| hanivaMta kera sunaba puni hAMkA / dahaM ko pAra hoi ko thAkA // asa mana jAni saMbhArahu AgU / aguA keri hohu pachalAgU // karahiM payAna bhora uThi nitahi kosa dasa jaahi| paMthI paMthA~ je calahiM te kA rahana onAhi // 136 // vAstava meM jo baTohI mArgataya kara rahe haiM, ve kyA kabhI Tike rahane ke lie Thaharate haiM ? unheM to lakSya taka pahuMcanA rahatA hai / ataH vizrAma ke lie tathA apano sthiti ko aura sudRr3ha karane ke lie rukate haiM aura punaH calane lagate haiM / taba taka calate jAte hai jaba taka ki priyatama kA milana nahIM ho jaataa| nUramuhammada ne sAta mukAmAtoM kA 'sAta vana' ko saMjJA dekara mArga ko bohar3atA prakaTa kI hai : agama paMtha mo sAta vana, aura samudra athAha / . hota na kaisehu maga moM, aguvA binA nivaah|| ___ jAyasI ke khAra, khIra, khadhi, jala, udadhi, surA aura kilakilA nAmaka sAta samudroM kA ullekha 3 sAta mukAmAtoM kA hI dyotaka hai| varNana karane meM jAyasI ne pratIkAtmaka bodha ke lie kAphI guMjAiza chor3I hai| sAtoM samudra mile hue haiM parantu sabhI kA jala eka-dUsare se bhinna hai : _ mile samuMda vai sAtauM behara behara nor| tAtparya yaha hai ki sAtoM samudroM kA jala bhinna-bhinna hai parantu ve mile hue haiN| isI prakAra sAtoM mukAmAtoM kA sthitiyA~ bhinna-bhinna haiM parantu eka sthiti ko pAra kie binA dUsarI meM nahIM pahuMcA jA sktaa| tRtIya 1. padamAvata, pR0 131. 2. indrAvatI, pR0 14. 3. padamAvata, pR0 144-151. 4. padamAvata, pR0 145.

Page #180
166 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka dadhi samudra kA varNana tIsare mukAma ke samakakSa hai| isameM 'dadhi' kA jo rUpaka bAMdhA hai vaha spaSTa hI pratIkAtmaka hai| ve kahate haiM ki vaha jIva dhanya hai jo prema se dagdha huA ho / vahI dahI meM se mathakara ghI nikAlatA hai| dahI kI eka bUMda se saba dUdha jama jAtA hai, vaha khaTAI ko eka bUMda se pAnI ho jAtA hai| zarIra prANarUpo dahI se bharI maTakI hai| isameM manarUpI mathAnI se prANarUpo dahI para coTa kie binA ghI arthAt parama jJAna kI upalabdhi nahIM ho sakatI : dadhi samuMdra dekhata mana ddhaa| pema ka lubudha dagadha pai shaa|| pema soM dAdhA dhani vaha jIU / dahI mAhi mathi kAr3he ghoU // dadhi eka bUMda jAma saba khIrU / kAMjI buMda binasi hoi niiruu|| svAMsa daheMDi mana mathanI gaaddh'ii| hieM coTa binu phUTa na sAr3hI // jAyasI ne sUphiyoM ke sAta makAmAtoM yA cAra avasthAoM kI ora ekAdhika bAra saMketa kiyA hai| ve eka sthAna para inheM sAta khaMDoM kI saMjJA dete haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki mArga agamya hai parantu vaha mArga suI kI noka para calane ke samAna hai| usakA car3hanA atyadhika tokhA hai aura sAta khaMDa car3hane par3ate haiN| pai suThi agama paMtha bar3ha baaNkaa| tasa mAraga jasa muI ka nAkA // bAMka car3hAva sAta khaMDa uuNcaa| cAri basere jAi paha~cA // 2 siMhala dvIpa para pahu~canA atyadhika kaThina hai kyoMki mArga meM sAta samudra par3ate haiM jo athAha haiM : khAra khIra dahi udadhi surA jala puni kilakilA akUta / ko car3hi bAMdhai samuMda ye sAtauM hai kAkara asa buut.|| jAyasI ne sAtaveM samudra mAnasara kA jo varNana kiyA hai usako tulanA sUphiyoM ko aMtima phanA kI sthiti se ko jA sakatI hai| sAtaveM 'mAnasara' meM Akara sAdhaka kA ajJAnAMdhakAra athavA tamas miTa jAtA hai tathA prAta:kAlIna prakAza ko jyoti ke samAna usakI AtmA nirmala ho jAtI hai / 1. padamAvata, pR0 146. 2. jAyasI-granthAvalI, pR0 315. 3. padamAvata, pR0 137.

Page #181
sUfI kAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka- vidyA : 167 'mAnasara' samudra ke varNana ko dekhakara koI sahaja meM hI ise pratIkAtmaka artha se paripUrNa kahegA : dekhi mAnasara rUpa sohAvA / hiyaM hulAsa puraini hoi chAvA // gA aMdhiyAra raini masi chUTI / bhA bhinusAra kirina rabi phUTI // astu astu sAthI saba bole / aMdha jo ahe naina bidhi khole // kaMvala bigasa taha bihaMsI dehI / bhaMvara dasana hoi hoi rasa lehIM // haMsa haMsa au karAha kirorA / curnAhaM ratana mukatAhala hIrA // jauM asa sAdhi Ava tapa jogU / pUz2ai Asa mAna rasa bhogU no bhaMvara jo manasA mAnasara lonha kaMvala rasa Ai / ghuna jo hiyAva na kai sakA jhUra kATha tasa khAi // 158 // ' kavi usamAna ne sAdhanA kI zarIyata tarIqata, haqIkata aura mAri phata kI avasthAoM ke pratIkasvarUpa bhogapura, gorakhapura, nehanagara aura rUpanagara kA varNana kiyA hai / sAdhaka yAtrI jaba rUpanagara ko prasthAna karatA hai to sarvaprathama bhogapura par3atA hai / vAstava meM yaha bhoga-vilAsa sAmagrI kA pratIka hai / isa nagara meM indriyAkarSaka vastue~ haiM parantu sAdhaka unakI ora binA AkarSita hue Age bar3hatA hai / mArga to durUha hai hI, isI se kahA hai ki isa para vahI cala sakatA hai jisakA kalejA lohe kA ho : 2 jAi soI jo jiu paratejA / sAra pAMsulI loha karejA // - jaba bhogapura meM sAdhaka apanI vijaya pAtA hai taba vaha gorakhapura pahuMcakara guru kI sahAyatA se yoga sAdhatA hai| jaba use antardRSTi prApta ho jAtI hai taba vaha nehanagara ko prasthAna karatA hai aura vahIM pahu~ca kara use prema kI pUrNa fear ho jAtI hai / jaba sAMsArika koI moha nahIM rahatA taba vaha rUpanagara meM pahu~catA hai| yahI usakA aMtima lakSya thA / parantu yaha mArga asidhAra ke tulya hai| sUphI kaviyoM ne sAta samudra athavA cAra avasthAoM ke vivecana meM alaga-alaga upamAnoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / nUramuhammada ne 1. padamAvata, pR0 151. 2. citrAvalI, pR0 79. 3. vahI, pR0 84.

Page #182
168 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka zarIra ko sthiti dikhAte hue zaroata, tarIkata, haqIkata aura mArifata kI sthiti ko hI samajhAyA hai| zarIra eka mUrtimAn mandira hai, usameM mana eka phUlavArI hai| tIsarI avasthA meM jova eka haqIkata hai| cauthI avasthA mAriphata 'jyotisadana' hai jahAM ajJAnAndhakAra kA pUrNa kSaya ho jAtA hai : eka sarIra maMdira chvidhaarii| dUsara hai yaha mana phulvaarii|| tIsare mAhi jIvana asthAnA / cauthA joti sadana hama jAnA // . jAyasI ne siMhalagar3ha kA varNana karate samaya jina sAta car3hAvoM kA . varNana kiyA hai ve bhI sAdhanA ke kSetra meM pratIka haiM : kahA~ tohi siMghalagar3ha hai khaMDa sAta cddh'aau| . phirA na koI jiati jiu saraga paMtha dai paau|| isI prakAra nava dvAra iMdriyoM ke pratIka ke lie, pA~ca harakArA jJAnendriyoM Adi ke lie aneka pratIkAtmaka zabda ina sUphI kAvyoM meM mila jAte haiN| .. sAdhanAtmaka pratIkoM ke atirikta sUfiyoM ne jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA ke prema sthApana meM zuka, bulabula, camana, candramA-cakora, sUrya-kamala, pataMga-dIpaka, bhauMrA-gulAba, jala-mIna aura bA~suro. Adi prema-pratIkoM kI sahAyatA lii| jaba sUphI kavi kamala aura sUrya ke prIti nirvAha kI bAta kahatA hai taba vaha jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA ke prema kI ora iMgita karatA hai| nUramuhammada kamala-sUraja aura cumbaka tathA lohe kA varNana pratIkAtmaka ho karate haiM : tau uttama ko dhyAna bhalA hai, kamala suraja ko prIti nibaahai| kahAM mayaMka kahA sasinehI, dIpaka kahAM kahAM tmgehii|| Anavastu para upanata dohA, cumbaka pAhana cAhata lohaa| dekhau pataMga gA mana rojhA, mana bhAvana marA Upara sojhaa| paMkaraha timirAri lubhAnA, jalamahaM tAhi dekhi bigsaanaa| 1. indrAvatI, pR0 71. 2 padamAvata, pR0 204. 3. anurAga bAMsurI, pR0 104.

Page #183
. . sUfo kAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA : 169 pAsa pAi gulAba gulAba sanehI, cahacahAta Ananda dehii| amarakosa mRgamada nita rAgI. prema kI rIti nirAra subhaagii|| padmAvatI ko jaba ratanasena kA viyoga satAtA hai to use rAtri ko nIMda nahIM aatii| zayyA para leTatI hai to use aisA lagatA hai ki vahAM kisI ne keMca ( keMca kI kalI ke reze se zarIra para atyadhika jalana aura khujAla hotI hai ) lagA dI hai| candramA, candanAdi sabhI use tApa dete haiM / virahAgni meM zarIra jhulasatA hai| rAtrikAla eka yuga ke samAna bItatA hai Adi padumAvati tehi joga saMjogAM / parI pema basa gaheM biyogAM // noMda na parai raini jauM AvA / seja kevAMcha jAnu koI lAvA // dahai cA~da au candanacIrU / dagadha kare tana biraha gaMbhIrU // kalapa samAnaraini haThi baaddh'ii| tila tila mari juga juga bara gaaddh'o|| jIvAtmA jaba priyatama paramAtmA ke viyoga meM taDaphato hai to usakI. dazA vahI hotI hai jo jala ke binA machalI kii| isI bAta ko jAyasI ne padmAvatI ke saMdarbha meM prakaTa kiyA hai| padmAvatI machalI kI taraha tar3aphatI hai aura 'piu-piu' raTate-raTate papIhI ho ho gaI hai : . kaunamohanI dahu~ huta tohii| jo tohi vidyA so upanI mohii|| binu jala mIna talapha jasa jiiuu| cAtaki bhai kahata 'piu-piuu'|| candramA aura cakora kA prema bahacita hai| jisa prakAra sAdhaka 'jIvAtmA paramAtmA se milane ke lie sadaiva prayatnazIla rahatA hai usI prakAra candramA ko pAne ke lie cakora maMDarAtA hI rahatA hai / sUphiyoM ne candra aura cakora kA pratIkoM ke lie upayoga kiyA hai / kavi naramuhammada ne eka sthAna para netra ke lie cakora aura mukha ke lie candramA kA rUpaka diyA hai: ___mana locana mo caMda disi, rahigA citai ckor| caMda bilokata rahi gayau, jina cakora kI ora // 1. anurAga bAMsurI, pR0 112. 2. padamAvata, pR0 161. 3. indrAvatI. 10 60.

Page #184
. 170 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka sUphI kAvyoM meM sUrya-candra kA upamAnoM ke rUpa meM bahutAyata se prayoga kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya zAstroM meM sUrya ko agnitattva aura candramA ko somatattva mAnA hai / yaha jagat inhIM donoM tattvoM kA pratiphala hai| sUrya ko agnitattva mAnane kA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki vahI sAMsArika jIvana meM prANoM kA saMcAra karatA hai / somatattva arthAt zItala tattva arthAt mAtRtattva hai / jaba somatattva aura agnitattva kA milana hotA hai taba sRSTi kI racanA hotI hai| jaba taka sUrya aura candra yA yoM kaheM ki puruSatattva aura strItattva kA saMyoga na ho to sRSTi hI na ho| isI rUpa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara sUphiyoM ke premI-premikAoM athavA nAyaka-nAyikAoM tathA jIvAtmA va paramAtmA ke lie prayukta sUrya-candra kI vyAkhyA se jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne aneka bAra pratIkAtmaka DhaMga se ina zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| ratanasena se padmAvatI ke saundarya ke viSaya meM jaba suggA kahatA hai ki jisa prakAra ugate hue sUrya kI dhUpa se cA~da chipa jAtA hai usI prakAra saba striyA~ padmAvatI ke rUpa ke Age chipa jAtI haiM : uata sUra jasa dekhia cAMda chapai tehi dhUpa / jaise sabai jAhiM chapi padumAvati ke 1 rUpa // taba ratanasena ko kahanA par3atA hai. : tujhaM suraMga mUrati vaha kahI / cita mahaM lAgi citra hoi rahI // janu hoi suruja Ai mana basI / saba ghaTa pUri hieM paragasI // arthAt padmAvatIrUpI sUrya ne usake zarIra meM pravezakara hRdaya ko prakAzita kara diyA / prakAzita hI nahIM kiyA apitu use sUryarUpa kara diyA aura svayaM chAyArUpa ho gaI : aba hauM suruja cA~da vaha chAyA l aba ratanasena sUrya hai aura padmAvatI chAyA aura candra hai / yahI upayukta bhI hai / strItattva hI zItala aura soma hotA hai / ina donoM kA laya yA 1. padamAvata, pR0 92. 2. vahI, pR0 93. 3. vahI.

Page #185
.. sUfI kAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA : 171 ekAtma honA hI sUphiyoM kI aMtima pariNati hai| jAyasI ne padmAvatI ke kAnoM ke kuNDaloM ko sUrya aura candramA ke samAna camakIlA batAyA hai: duI disi cA~da suruja camakAhIM / nakhatanha bhare nirakhi nahiM jaahiiN|' jaisA ki pahale likhA jA cukA hai, soma athavA candra strI kA pratIka hai aura sUrya puruSa kA pratIka hai| jAyasI ne eka sthAna para spaSTa hI likhA hai| sakhI dekhAvahiM camakahu bAhU / tUM jasa cA~da suruja tora nAhU // chapA na rahe suruja paragAsU / dekhi kaMvala mana bhaeu hulaasuu|| arthAt padmAvatI ko sakhiyAM usake pati ko dikhAkara kahatI haiM ki tU jaise 'cAMda' hai vaise hI terA pati 'sUraja' hai| sUrya ke prakAza se rAtrirUpI aMdhakAra naSTa ho jAtA hai / kamala khila uThate haiN| sUrya aura candramA kA milana saMbhava nahIM dikhAI par3atA parantu jAyasI ne pratAkoM ke mAdhyama se vaha bhI saMbhava kara dikhAyA aura isa bAta kI bhI puSTi kara do ki candra stro kA aura sUrya puruSa kA pratIka hai : cA~da suruja dui niramala duvau saMjoga anUpa / suruja cA~da sauM bhUlA cA~da suruja ke rUpa // .. padmAvatI ne ratanasena ko dekhA to usake mana meM kAma ke AThoM bhAva jAgrataM ho gae / jAyasI ne ise isa prakAra likhA hai| .. dekhA cAMda suruja jasa sAjA / asTau bhAu madana tana gaajaa|| sUrya aura candra ke pratIka rUpoM ko dekhA / dIpaka aura pataMga kA prema * bhI kisI se chipA nahIM / jaba taka dopaka kI lau se pataMga jalakara rAkha nahIM ho jAtA, vaha dIpaka para hI maMDarAtA rahatA hai| ise usakI proti, svabhAva athavA yadi mAnate haiM to niyati bhI kaha sakate haiM : 1. vahI, pR0 107.. 2. vahI, pR0 265. 3. vahI, pR0 272. 4. vahI, pR0 265.

Page #186
172 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka 5 dIpaka prIti pataMga jeuM janama nibAha kareuM / nevachAvari cahu~ pAsa hoi kaMTha lAgi jiu deu || padamAvata meM jAyasI ne kathA ko pratIkoM ke AdhAra para khar3A kiyA hai / kathA meM cittor3a tana kA pratIka aura rAjA ratanasena mana kA pratIka hai / siMhala usakA hRdaya hai, padmAvatI buddhi hai, nAgamatI duniyA-dhaMdhA hai, : suA guru hai aura rAghava zaitAna tathA alAuddIna mAyA ke pratIka haiN| ra vAstava meM haThayoga kI sAdhanA-prakriyA ko jAyasI ne pratokoM ke mAdhyama se samajhAne kI ceSTA ko hai / siMhalagar3ha kA jaba ve varNana karate haiM to.. kuMDalinI aura brahmANDa taka kA citra upasthita ho jAtA hai : tahi kuruma bAsuki kai pIThI | Upara indraloka para DoThI // parA khoha cahuMdisi tasa baaNkaa| kAMpai jAMdhi jAi nahi jhAMkA // agama asUjha dekhi Dara khAI / parai so saMpta patAranha jAI // nava paMvarI bAMkI nava khaMDA / vahuM jo car3ha jAi brahmaMDA || kaMcana koTa jare kausIsA | nakhatanha bharA bIju asa dIsA // laMkA cAhi UMca gar3ha tAkA / nirakhi na jAi disTi mana thAkA // hija na samAi disTi nahi pahuMce jAnahu ThAr3ha sumeru | kaha lagi kahA~ UMcAI tAkari kaha lagi baranauM pheru // 40 // gar3ha meM jo nau dvAra aura nau maMjileM haiM vahI zarIra ke nau dvAroM ke pratIka haiM / jo ina navoM sthAnoM ko pAra kara letA hai vaha brahmANDa ko pA letA hai / parantu use pAne ke lie gar3ha ke vajra kivAr3oM ko tor3akara jAnA hotA hai jo itanA sarala nahIM / usako UMcAI bhI adhika hai| nau khaNDoM para no dvAra haiM / unameM vajra ke kivAr3a lage haiN| una para cAra par3Ava dekara car3hanA cAhiye aura isake lie jo satyamArga kA anusaraNa karegA vahI car3ha pAyegA / navau khaMDa nava paMvaroM aura tahaM bajra kevAra / cAri basere soM car3he sata sauM car3ha jo pAra // 4 1. vahI, pR0 709. 2. jAyasI - granthAvalI, upasaMhAra pR0 341. 3. padamAvata, pR0 40. 4. vahI, pR0 41.

Page #187
. ... sUfI kAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA : 173 ukta dohe meM jo cAra basere kI bAta kahI gaI hai vaha spaSTa ho sUphiyoM ke zarIata, tarIkata, mArifata aura hakIkata ina cAra avasthAoM kI ora lakSya karake kahI gaI hai| ye kucha aise uddharaNa haiM jinameM haThayoga Adi sambandhI arthoM ko pratipAdita karane meM AyAsa aura zrama kI apekSA nhiiN| zvAsa prakriyA se kuMDalinI ko jAgrata kiyA jAtA hai / usI ke dvArA sAdhaka brahmANDa taka athavA brahmajJAna kI sthiti taka pahuMcatA hai| isameM mUlAdhAra, svAdhiSThAna, maNipura, anAhata, vizuddhAkhya, AjJA aura sahasrAdi cakroM ko sthiti se gujaranA hotA hai / isa mArga ko UMcAI se taya karanA atyadhika kaThina hotA hai| jAyasI ne brahmANDa kI U~cAI kA aura usa taka pahu~cane ke mArga kA varNana siMhalagar3ha ke mAdhyama se isa prakAra kiyA hai: so gar3ha dekha gaMganu ta UMcA / naina dekha kara nAhiM pahU~cA // bijurI cakra phirai cahuM pherii| au jamakAta phirai jama kerii|| dhAi jo brAjA ke mana sAdhA / mArA cakra bhaeu dui aadhaa|| caMda suruja au nakhata traaii| tehi Dara aMtarikha phira sbaaii|| pavana jAI tahaM pahuMcai cahA / mArA taisa TUTi bhuiM bahA // ' haThayogI sAdhanA kI durUhatA bhI kisI se chipI nahIM hai| ukta uddharaNa se yaha bAta aura bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai| jAyasI ne eka anya sthAna para dazama dvAra kA ullekha kiyA hai jo ki yaugika prakriyA se hI saMbaMdhita jAna par3atA hai : dasavaM vAra tAra kA lekhaa| ulaTi disTi jo lAva so dekhaa| jAi so jAi sAMsa mana bNdo| jasa dhaMsi lInaha kAnha kaalindii|| . arthAt dazama dvAra athavA brahmANDa atyadhika U~ce sthAna para hai / jisane apanI dRSTi anya vastuoM se haTAkara usI ora lagA dI hai vahI use dekha sakatA hai / jisakA prANa mana ke sAtha baMdha jAtA hai vahI usake samIpa pahuMca pAtA hai| gar3ha ko zarIra kI racanA dvArA jAyasI jaba samajhAne lagate haiM taba unakI pratIkAtmaka zailo kI bAta aura bhI mukhara hokara sAmane A jAtI hai / jAyasI likhate haiM : 1. padamAvata, pR0 154. 2. vahI, pR0 207.

Page #188
174 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka gar3ha tasa bAMka jaisi tori kaayaa| parakhi dekhu ta~ ohi ko chaayaa|| pAia nAhiM jUjhi haThi kInhe / jeI pAvA teiM Apuhi cInhe // nau paurI tehi gar3ha maMjhiArA / au tahaM phihiM pAMca koTavArA // dasavaM duAra guputa eka nA~ko / agama car3hAva bATa suThi bAMkI // . bhedI koi jAi ohi ghATI / jauM lai bheda caDhe hoi cAMTI // ... gar3ha tara suraGga kuMDa avagAhA / tehi mahaM paMtha kahoM tohi pAhAM // cora paiThi jaza seMdhi saMvArI / juA paiMta jeuM lAva juArI // .' jasa marajiyA samunda dhaMsi mArai hAtha Ava taba siip| . DhUDhi lehi ohi saraga duvArI aura car3ha, siMghaladIpa // 125 // arthAt gar3ha vaisA hI bAMkA hai jaisA terA zarIra / tU parIkSA karake dekha ki donoM meM sAmya hai ki nhiiN| jisane AtmA ko pahacAna liyA usane siddhi prApta kara lii| zarIra meM nau indriya-dvAra haiM aura paMca prANa usakI rakSA karane vAle kotavAla haiN| brahmarandhra usakA dazama gupta dvAra hai / usa taka pahuMcane kA mArga durgamya aura Ter3hA hai| usakA bheda guru se jAnakara hI koI bhedI pipIlikA gati se usa ghATI taka pahu~ca sakatA hai / isa zarIrarUpo gar3ha meM sabase nIce suSumnArUpI suraMga hai jo mUlAdhArarUpI agAdha kuMDa se Arambha hotI hai| brahmANDa taka pahu~cane kA mArga usI meM hokara gayA hai| jisa prakAra cora cupacApa seMdha lagAkara ghusatA hai usI prakAra jo gupta sAdhanA karatA hai, jisa prakAra juArI apanI sArI pUMjI dAva para lagAkara juA khelatA hai usI prakAra jo sAdhaka apanA mAyA-moha tyAgakara sAdhanA karatA hai aura samudra meM ghusane vAle gotAkhora ko bhAMti joki prANoM ko hathelo para lekara yoga-sAdhanA karatA hai usI ko brahmarUpI maNi prApta hotI hai| jo suSumnA ke isa svargadvAra nAmaka Arambha ko pA letA hai vahI aMtima siddhi-sthAna taka pahu~catA hai| dazama dvAra ko koI marmI hI khola sakatA hai, isakI jAnakAro nUramuhammada ko bhalIbhA~ti thI : ___dasaI dvAra na kholata koI / taba kholeM jA maramI hoI // . 1. vahI, pR0 205. 2. indrAvatI, pR0 27.

Page #189
. . sUfI kAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA : 175 . sAdhanAtmaka prasaMgoM meM sUphI kaviyoM ne darpaNa kA ullekha hRdaya ke pratIkArtha meM kiyA hai| sAdhaka ko cAhiye ki vaha apane hRdayarUpI darpaNapara dhUla na jamane de anyathA vaha apane iSTa kA pratibimba nahIM dekha skegaa| isIlie usamAna darpaNa ko saMbhAlane kI bAta kahate haiM : yaha darapana tumha lehu saMbhArI, jehi mahaM dekhahu darasa piyaaro| aba nahiM lAvaha cita bairAgA, mAMjata rahaba jo maila na laagaa|| nUramuhammada kA kathana hai : * paihabahIM nahi ucita paragaTa deu dekhAya / dakhe mero chAyA, aise karahu upAya // jhAMkA darapana moM parachAhI, parI badana ko bichurI naahiiN|| vAstava meM sUphiyoM ko 'darpaNa' pratIka yojanA se eka rahasyodghATana hotA hai| bhAratIya vicAradhArA meM Izvara ko virATasvarUpa mAnA gayA hai| usa virATa ko sAkSAt dekhane ko zakti sAdhAraNa prANI meM kaise saMbhAvita hai ? vaha to usa svarUpa ko hRdayarUpI darpaNa meM utAratA hai-dekhatA hai| sUfI bhI apane priya arthAt paramAtmA ko hRdayarUpI darpaNa meM dekhatA hai : .. . tehi rUpavaMtI rUpa so, darapana pAyau ruup| indrAvatI meM kuMvara ko svapnadarzana hotA hai| kuMvara apanI anubhUti ko isa prakAra vyakta karatA hai : - mohiM acaraja hiradaya moM aahii| kaise mukura ma dekhA taahii|| yaha sapane ko ko patiyAI / mukura sauhaM binu dekhina jAI // jAyasI ne likhA ki amuka-amuka vastuoM ne darpaNa ke samAna padmAvatI ke aMgoM kA pratibimba grahaNa kiyA : 1. citrAvalI, pR0 102. 2. idrAvatI, pR0 114. 3. vahI, pR0 10. 4. vahI, pR0 11,

Page #190
176 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka pAe rUpa rUpa jasa che| sasi mukha saba darapana hoi rhe| naina jo dekhe kaMvala bhae niramara nIra sriir| - haMsata jo dekhe haMsa bhae dasana joti naga hIra // ' . ina pratIkoM ke atirikta sUphiyoM ne dainika jIvanopayogI padArthoM kA bhI pratIkArthoM ke lie prayoga kiyA hai| udAharaNArtha jAyaso ne katthA, cUnA, pAna aura supArI kA ullekha kiyA hai / ye cAroM padArtha cAra prakAra ko zUnya avasthAoM ke pratIka haiM / pAna zUnya, supArI ati zUnya, katthA mahAzUnya aura cUnA sarvazUnya ke pratIka haiM / pAna supArI khaira duhaM merai karai caka cuna / __ . taba lagi raMga na rAcai jaba lagi hoi na cUna // 2 . . sUphI pratIkoM ke saMdarbha meM DaoN0 saralA zukla ne 'ijipziyana lAyabrerI' ke hastalikhita grantha 'ala sirraphi anaphAsa ala sUphiyA' meM varNita sUfI : mata ko unatIsa paribhASAoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai jo isa prakAra haiM : alipha - sUfI mata kA tAtparya sadguNoM kI prApti evaM durguNoM kA abhAva hai| . AtmA kI khoja evaM laukika sukhoM kA tyAga hai| siddhAMta-rakSA evaM .tuccha vicAroM kA tyAga hai| paramezvara kI sevA meM hRdaya kI dRr3hatA hai| viSaya-vAsanAoM para niyantraNa rakhanA hai| gupta bheda kI surakSA, dharmAtmAoM kI zraddhA evaM patitoM kA pArthakya hai| saMgraha-tyAga hI nahIM, usakI AzA kA bhI tyAga hai| __to te to the 1. padamAvata, pR0 65. 2. dekhie-padamAvata meM DA0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla kA prAkkathana, pR0 47. 3. vahI. 4. hindI sUfI kavi aura kAvya, pR0 225,

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sUfI kAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA : 177 joya-sUfImata kA tAtparya kaSToM kI upasthiti meM bhI harSa evaM kRtajJatA pradarzita karanA hai| aina- , , mahAn uddezya evaM Izvara kI mahAna anu kampA hai| , avaidha vastuoM se ghRNA evaM paramAtmaprasAda se prema hai| , mAnavatva se Upara uThakara paramAtmA taka pahu~ canA hai| kAfa usa prakAza kI prApti hai jo mukti detA hai| kApha- , , vAstavikatA-lAbha evaM kSaNikatA kA vinAza moma lAma-, , paramezvara se ekatva tathA anya vastuoM se vichoha hai| Atmacintana hai| nUna lAlasA sAphalya kI prApti ko AturatA hai / paramezvara kA krodha evaM daNDa dene ke samaya bhI nirvikAra honA hai| vAva- , , satyamArga ke paripAlana se paramezvara kI prApti hai| lAma-alipha-- , , paramezvara kI sattA ke gupta bheda kA prakAza ye- , , pApa-kAraNa ke samUlanAza kA dRr3ha nizcaya . 'ina paribhASAoM kA manana karane se sUphImata kI sahanazIlatA, udAratA evaM snehArdratA kA paricaya milatA hai| isameM saMdeha nahIM, parantu ye pratIkoM kI zreNI meM rakhe jAne cAhiye athavA nahIM, yaha avazya vicAraNIya hai| sUphI sAhitya meM varNamAlA para AdhArita pratIkoM kA ullekha mero dRSTi meM nahIM aayaa| urdU ke kucha akSara aise haiM jinameM bindu (nukte) ke hera-phera se zabdoM meM kAphI antara par3a jAtA hai, jaise khudA se judA 1. hindI sUfI kavi aura kAvya, pR0 226. 12 ..

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178 : apamraza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka ho jAtA hai| bullezAha ne advaita ko bhAvanA ke sambandha meM urdU ke aina ve gaina kA ullekha kiyA hai ki aina para eka bindu ( nuktA ) lagA dene se gaina bana jAtA hai aura usI bindu ko haTA dene para punaH gaina se aina bana jAtA hai : Tuka bUjha kavana chapa AyA hai| ika nukate meM jo phera par3A, tava aina gaina kA nAma dhraa| .. jaba murasada nukatA dUra kiyA, taba ainoM aina kahAyA hai|' parantu ina uddharaNoM kA pratIkoM ke sandarbha meM koI mahattva nahIM hai / kahane kA bhAva yaha hai ki urdU varNamAlA ke 29 akSaroM para AdhArita. sUphiyoM kI jo paribhASAe~ haiM ve pratIka nahIM apitu paribhASAe~ hI haiN| ___ jina sUfI kaviyoM ne jAna-bUjhakara apane kAvyoM meM pratIkoM ko sthAna diyA hai, unameM se adhikAMza ne kathA ko AdhyAtmika dharAtala para utArane ke lie hI unakA prayoga kiyA hai / jAyasI ne padamAvata ke prArambha meM hI kathA ke rahasyapUrNa athavA AdhyAtmika artha kI ora spaSTa saMketa kara diyA hai : Adi aMta jasi kathathA ahai| likhi bhASA caupAI khai| kabi biAsa rasa kauMlA pUrI / dUrihi niara niara bhA duurii|| bhaMvara Ai banakhaNDa huti lehi kaMvala kai bAsa / dAdura bAsa na pAvahiM bhalehiM jo AhiM pAsa // pahale saMketa kiyA jA cukA hai ki sUphiyoM kA kAvya evaM adhyAtma pakSa premabhitti para khar3A hai| prema kI sAdhanA se eka sAdhaka vaha saba kucha pA letA hai jo use iSTa hotA hai| prema aisA mAdhyama hai jo paramAtmA se sAkSAtkAra hI nahIM apitu sAmarasya kI sthiti lA detA hai| sUphI paribhASA meM paramAtmA hI premikA hai| jAyasI ne padamAvata meM pramukha pAtroM ke rUpa meM jina pratIkoM kI sthApanA kI hai ve kathA kI AdhyAtmikatA para prakAza DAlate haiN| padmAvatI vizvajyoti ke rUpa meM avatarita hotI hai| vaha prakAza kI pratIka hai : 1. sUfImata aura hindI sAhitya, pR0 156. 2. padamAvata, pR0 24.

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sUfI kAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA : 179 jAnahu suraja kirina huti kAr3hI / sUruja karA ghATi vaha baaddh'ii| bhA nisi mAha dina ka paragAsU / saba ujiAra bhaeu kbilaasuu|| grantha ke anta meM jAyasI ne sabhI pAtroM ke pratIkArthoM ko spaSTa karake bhrama-nivAraNa kara diyA hai : tana citaura mana rAjA kInhA / hiya siMghala budhi padamini ciinhaa|| guru suA jei paMtha dekhAvA / binu guru jagata kA niraguna pAvA // nAgamatI yaha duniyA dhaMdhA / vAMcA soi na ehi cita bNdhaa|| rAghava dUta soI saMtAna / mAyA alAuddIM sulatAna // prema kathA ehi bhAMti vicArahu / bUjhi lehu jau bajhai pArahu // kathA meM cittaur3a zarIra kA, ratanasena mana kA, siMhala hRdaya kA, padmAvatI buddhi kI, hIrAmana totA guru kA, nAgamatI prapaMca, rAghava zaitAna aura alAuddIna mAyA kA pratIka hai| prasaMgAt isakA ullekha pahale bhI kiyA gayA hai| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM ina sabakI upayogitA evaM anupayogitA kA prazna hai| guru sAdhanA-mArga kA nidezaka hotA hai / guru kI kRpA se hI ziSya sAdhanA ke bheda ko jAnatA hai : celA siddhi so pAvai, guru sauM karai acheda / guru kareM jo kiriyA, pAvai celA bheda // 'hIrAmana suA guru kA pratIka hai : . hIrAmani rAjA sauM bolaa| ehI samuMda Ai sata ddolaa|| . ehi ThAuM kahaM guru saMga kIjai / guru saMga hoi pAra to lIjai // . pUchA rAjeM kaha guru suaa| na janau Aja kahAM dina uvA // padamAvata kI kathA meM ratanasenarUpI sAdhaka premamArga kI nAgamatI... rUpI prapaMca, rAghava zaitAna aura alAuddInarUpI mAyA Adi bAdhAoM ko * haTAtA huA siMhala dvIpa arthAt hRdaya meM pahuMcatA hai| vahA~ se punaH nau dvAroM ko pAra karatA huA dazama dvAra yA brahmarandhra meM pahuMcatA hai| vahIM 1. padamAvata, pR0 51. 2. jAyasI-granthAvalI, pR0 301. 3. vahI, pR0 108. 4. padamAvata, pR0 149. 5. vahI, pR0 173.

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.180 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka use usakI premikA padmAvatI arthAt siddhi prApta hotI hai| isa prakAra kathA ke AdhyAtmika tathyoM se paricita haA jA sakatA hai| sUphI premAkhyAnakoM meM hI kathA ko AdhyAtmika DhA~ce meM DhAlane ke lie pratIkoM kA prayoga nahIM huA hai varan hindU kAvyoM meM bhI aisA pAyA jAtA hai| pUhakara kavi ne rasaratana vairAgara ko vairAgya rUpa aura sUrasena rAjA ko jIvanI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA hai| usake satsaMgati aura sadbuddhi nAmaka do patniyA~ haiN| inhIM ke sahAre prIta ko jyoti jalAkara, viSayAdika sukhoM kA tyAga karake iSTalAbha lenA cAhatA hai : vairAgara vairAga vapu, hIrA hita hari nAma / prota jota jiya jagamagai, harai trividha tanu tApa // satasaMgati satabuddhi ura, viva gharanI. saMga laay| jJAna bAna prasthAna kari, tajai viSa sukha pAya // usamAna kavi kI racanA citrAvalI kA kathAsAra dvitIya adhyAya meM diyA gayA hai| kathA ke adhyayana se lagatA hai ki inakA AdhyAtmika pakSa jAyasI kI racanA se prabhAvita hai| kavi kI advaita bhAvanA kA taba patA calatA hai jabaki vaha svayaM kahatA hai : saba vahI bhItara vaha saba mAMhI / sabai Apu dUsara kou naahiiN|| . dUsara jagata nAmu jina pAvA / jaise laharI udadhi kahAvA // 2 pAtroM ko pratIka rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| citrAvalI vidyA aura kaMvalAvatI avidyA kI pratIka haiN| citrAvalI IzvarIya zakti kI pratIka bhI hai| jaba vaha jala meM adRSTa ho jAtI hai taba usako sakhiyA~ kahatI haiM ki tU prakaTa rUpa meM bhI chipI rahatI hai phira gupta rUpa meM hama tujhe kyA jAna sakate haiN| brahmA cAroM vedoM ko par3hakara bhI tumheM na khoja sakA aura tumhAre bheda ko na jAna skaa| zaMkara bhI sevA karake hAra gaye aura pAra na pA ske| hama aisI aMdhI haiM ki apanA ApA hI nahIM sUjhatA taba tumhArA bheda kaise jAneMgI? tumhArA aisA kaunasA sthAna hai jahA~ tuma nahIM ho? tuma sarvatra ho parantu hamArI netra-jyoti aiso nahIM jo tumheM dekha sake / yogI hone athavA pothiyoM ke par3hane se kucha nahIM hotA / tumheM to vahI pA sakatA hai jise tuma svayaM mArga dikhAtI ho : 1. rasaratana, saMpA0-DA0 zivaprasAda siMha, pR0 268. 2. citrAvalI, pR0 1.

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. sUfI kAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA : 181 guputa tohi pAvahiM kA jAnI / paragaTa maMha jo rahahi chpaanii|| caturAnana par3hi cArau vedU / rahA khoji pai pAva na bhedU // saMkara puni hAre ke sevA / tAhi na milija Ara ko devA // hama aMdhI jehi Apa na sUjhA / bheda tumhAra kahA~ lauM bUjhA // kauna so ThAUM jahA~ tuma naahiiN| hama caSu joti na dekhahi kaahiiN|| pAvai khoja tumhAra so, jehi dekhalAvahu paMtha / kahA hoi jogI bhae, aura puni par3he garaMtha // kathA meM rAjakumAra sujAna kA subuddhi nAmaka mitra hai, vaha bhI AdhyAtmika dRSTi kA hI pratIka hai| sAdhanA binA sadbuddhi ke yoga ke nahIM hotii| sadbuddhi guru detA hai| usamAna guru ke mahattva ko svIkAra karate haiM : kathA mAna kavi gAyeu naI / guru parasAda samApata bhaI // 2 jaisA ki likhA jA cukA hai ki citrAvalI vidyA kI pratIka hai aura sujAnarUpI sAdhaka use prApta karane kA prayatna karatA hai| citrAvalI ke svarUpa kA varNana kathA meM parevA dvArA karAyA gayA hai| usakA vaha svarUpa pUrNataH AdhyAtmika hai| parevA kahatA hai ki citrAvalI vaha hai jisakA tInoM lokoM meM dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| devaloka meM sabhI usakA * dhyAna karate haiN| pAtAlaloka meM sabhI usakI sevA karate haiN| martyaloka * meM pratyeka ghara meM usakI carcA hotI hai| pakSI usI ko pAne ke lie udAsa ghUmate haiN| parvata ekastha hokara usake nAma kA jApa karate haiN| pRthvI eka paga para khar3I ho usI kI sevA karatI hai| jo vyakti jAnabUjhakara usake nAma ko bhUlatA hai vaha vyakti jovita hote hue bhI abhAgA hai| citrAvalI kA svarUpa aisA dIptimAna hai ki candra-sUrya bhI usakI samatA nahIM kara sakate / vaha vyakti dhanya hai aura usa vyakti kA hRdaya dhanya hai jisane aise svarUpa vAlI citrAvalI ke mArga para apanA mana lagA diyA hai : baha citrAvali Ahai soii| tIna loka vedai saba koii|| surapura sabai dhyAna ohi dharahIM / ahipura sabai seva tehi krhiiN| 1. citrAvalI, pR0 47-48. 2. vahI, pR0 236.

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182 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka RtumaMDala jo dekhA herii| ghara-ghara calai bAta tehi kerii|| paMchI vohi lagi phirahiM udAsA / jala ke suta ohi nAuM pipaasaa|| paravata jahi mauna hoi nAUM / Asana mAri baiThi eka ThAuM // pahumI dahu jo saraga lahu baaddh'ii| sevA karahiM eka paga ThAr3I // jAni bUjhi jo tAhi bisArA / so manu jiyahiM marA addaaraa|| ati surUpa citrAvalo, ravi sasi sara na kre| dhana so puruSa aura dhana hiyA, ohika paMtha jiu dei // usamAna kI kathA ko AdhyAtmika pramANita karane ke lie itane tathya paryApta haiN| kavi ne eka sthAna para paramAtmA athavA priya taka pahu~-. cane ke lie cAra nagaroM-joki zarIata, tarIqata, mArIphata Adi cAra sthitiyoM ke pratIka haiM-ko pAra karane kA ullekha kiyA hai / viSayAdika vAsanAoM kA pratIka pahalA nagara bhogapura hai| yahA~ sAdhaka kI prathama bhUmikA hotI hai| sAdhaka ko isa bhUmikA athavA avasthA se nikalanA kaThina hotA hai kyoMki sAMsArika mAyA apanI ora khIMcatI hai| dUsarA nagara gorakhapUra hai jisameM sAdhaka guru se yogamArga ko zikSA grahaNa karake patha para agrasara hotA hai aura tRtIya nehanagara meM praveza pAtA hai| yahA~ vaha paramAtmA athavA premikA se samanvaya sthApita karatA hai / isake bAda kI aMtima sthiti rUpanagara hai jahA~ vaha usa rUpa kI, sattA meM ekAkAra ho jAtA hai| sAdhanA ke mArga Adi ke ullekha ke atirikta kavi ne satya, pApa aura puNya kI bhI vyAkhyA kI hai jisakA dhArmika dRSTi se vizeSa mahattva hai| satya ke viSaya meM usamAna kahate haiM : satya samAna pUta jaga naahiiN| sata so rahai nAuM jaga mAhIM // kokhi pUta eka desa bkhaanaa| satya pUta cAro khaMDa jaanaa|| nizcaya satya amara kI muurii| pragaTa dekhiye haricanda puurii|| pApa-puNya : pApa na rahai chipAe chipaa| chipe puNya jo ahanisi japA // pAhi goi kahAM kou sovaa| ApahiM pApa janama tehi khovA // tajahu pApa paMthahi jira jaanii| karahu punya au rahai khaanii|| punya karata jani lAvahu dhokhA / jAsauM hoi duhaM jaga mokhA // 1. citrAvalI, pR0 78. 2. vahI, pR0 18. 3. vahI, pR0 54.

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. .. sUfo kAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA : 183 ina AdhAroM para citrAvalI kI kathA ke AdhyAtmika svarUpa se hama paricita ho sakate haiN| sUphI kavi kAsimazAhakRta haMsajavAhira nAmaka premAkhyAna bhI inhIM ke samAna AdhyAtmika tathya prakaTa karatA hai| kavi saMsAra kI nazvaratA ke viSaya meM apane vicAra prakaTa karate hue kahate haiM : kAsima jakta jAna saba dhokhA, jo jaga bhUla gayo so khokhaa| dhokhA gagana pharai dina rAtI, dhokhA dekhi balabalA maaNtii| dhokhA nagara koTi ghara bArA, dhokhA dravya aura rUpa siNgaaraa| dhokhA rAjakAja sukha bhogU, dhokhA saba lakSaNa kula loguu| dhokhA kiyA puruSa jahaM pAI, dhokhA ahai sabai duniyAI // ' nUramuhammada kA indrAvatI nAmaka eka premAkhyAnaka hai| isakI kathA meM kavi ne eka-do pAtroM ke atirikta sabhI pAtroM ke nAma pratIkAtmaka ho rakhe haiN| anya sUphI kAvyoM kI bhA~ti hI isameM rAjakumAra jIvAtmA aura indrAvatI brahmajyoti hai| kavi ne isa viSaya meM svayaM hI kahA hai ki indrAvato usa dIpaka-jyoti ke samAna hai jisa para saMsAra hI pataMgA bana gayA hai : .. __ jehi darasana ke dIpa para hai pataMga sNsaar| prema tehika tuma lInhA marai na nAma tohAra // : indrAvatI ke divya saundarya ko binA dekhe hI loga sarAhate rahate haiM / . usake rUpa meM daivIya zakti hai / vaha apanI dRSTi se jisako dekha letI hai phira use saMsAra acchA nahIM lgtaa| vaha paramAtmA kI ora unmukha ho jAtA hai : . jo kAhaa para DArai DoTI / so jana dei jagata disa piitthii|| ___asa rUpavantI sundara aahai| binu dekhe saba tAhi sarAhai / sUphI kAvyoM meM candra-sUrya kA ullekha pratIkoM ke lie kiyA gayA hai, isakA ullekha poche kiyA gayA hai| hara bhakta athavA sAdhaka sAre saMsAra ko usI paramAtmA se prakAzita mAnatA hai| indrAvatI kA teja kavi ne 1. haMsa-javAhira, pR0 21. 2. indrAvatI, pR0 45. 3. vahI.

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184 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka IzvarIya siddha kiyA hai| usa parama jyoti se candramA prakAzavAna hai| AkAza sahasroM tArAgaNarUpI netroM se usa paramajyoti ke darzana karatA hai tehi candra badana lakhi, jagata nayana uNjiyaar| gagana sahasa locana soM, nirakhe tehika siNgaar.|| indrAvatI meM Ane vAlI avAntara kathAoM ke mAdhyama se kavi ne adhyAtmavAda ko paryApta sthAna diyA hai| kuMvara yogo ke bheSa meM indrAvatI. kI prApti ke lie usakI phUlavArI meM sAdhanA karatA hai, yaha vRttAnta indrAvatI ko usakI cetA nAmaka mAlina se milaa| indrAvatI phulavArI meM gii| kumAra dekhakara mUcchita ho gyaa| indrAvatI eka patra likhakara vahA~ se calI aaii| isa patra meM jisa kahAnI ko likhA gayA hai usase kathA kI AdhyAtmikatA para acchA prakAza par3a sakatA hai| ataH usa patra ko de denA upayukta hogA-'jIva nAma ke rAjA kA janma zarIrapura meM huaa| vaha nagara kI zobhA dekhakara saba bhUla gayA / usI nagara meM durjana nAma kA rAjA bhI thA jo jIva rAjA ko moha-mAyA dvArA usake mArga meM bAdhaka thA / jIva rAjA ne buddha nAmaka apane mantrI se yaha vRttAnta kahA ki eka nagara meM do rAjA nahIM raha sakate / mantrI ne use sAvadhAnIpUrvaka rAjya calAne kI mantraNA dii| jIva rAjA ke mana nAma kA eka putra thaa| vaha eka sundarI para Asakta thA parantu vaha use prApta nahIM huI to usane durjana se saba bAta kaha dii| durjana ne jIva.rAjA ko salAha dI ki kAyApura ke rAjA darzana ko rUpa nAmaka sundarI kanyA se mana kA vivAha karA diyA jaaye| rAjA ne ise ucita mAnakara dRSTi nAmaka apanA dUta kAyApura bhejaa| darzana ne apanI kanyA se pUchA to usane asvIkAra kara diyA / jIva kruddha ho utthaa| usane punaH buddha mantrI ko bhejakara sArA vRttAnta mNgaayaa| darzana kI kanyA rUpa ne apanI dAsI citavana ko mana kA rUpa Adi dekhane ko bhejaa| rUpa ko mana para dayA aaii| mana rUpa ke yahA~ Ane-jAne lgaa| donoM kA vivAha ho gyaa| mana ko putra-putrI bhI ho ge| jIva rAjA bAlakoM meM phaMsa gayA aura rAja-kAja durjana ko sauMpa diyaa| jIva ke sevaka durbala ho ge| buddha ne jIva ke hAla ko sAhasa 1. indrAvatI, pR0 45.

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. sUfI kAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA : 185 tapI se khaa| sAhasa tapI ne kahA ki prItapura nAmaka sthAna para kRpA nAma ke rAjA ke pAsa jAne se tumhArA kAma siddha ho jaayegaa| kRpA ke pAsa pahuMcane para kRpA ne buddha ke sahayoga se jIva ke hRdaya meM prema saMcAra kara diyaa| isa prakAra mahArAja sukhadAtA ke prasAda se jIva pUnaH zarIrapUra ke adhipati bana ge|' isa patra meM jIva, mana, durjana, zarIra, kAyA, dRSTi, citavana Adi zabda pratIkAtmaka haiN| ataH kathA ko AdhyAtmikatA svataH siddha hai| isI prakAra anurAga-bAMsurI kI kathA meM mana phulavArI, mUratipura nAmaka nagara meM jIva nAma kA rAjA tathA usake antaHkaraNa nAma kA putra / antaHkaraNa ke saMkalpa aura vikalpa nAmaka do saathii| inake atirikta buddhi, citta aura ahaMkAra nAmaka tIna mitra / ye sabhI pratIka haiM jo sAdhanAtmaka sthiti ke aMga hI haiN| kathA meM aura bhI isI prakAra ke vidyApura, mohanamAlA, jJAtasvAda, saneha, darzanarAya, sarvamaMgalA Adi aise pAtra haiM jo pUrI taraha pratIkAntargata Ate haiN| isa kathA meM anya kathAoM kI apekSA adhyAtma tattva adhika spaSTa hokara sAmane Ate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki kathA ko par3hane mAtra se hI kathA kA uddezya samajha meM A jAtA hai / ina kaviyoM kI prema ke mAdhyama se adhyAtma kA pracAra karane kI sUjha-bUjha sarAhanIya rahI hai| . sUphI kAvyoM aura hindU-kAvyoM ke zilpa, masanavI evaM caritakAvyoM .: ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana tathA pratIka va AdhyAtmikatA para vicAra karane ke bAda svabhAvataH eka prazna ubharane lagatA hai| vaha yaha ki sUphI kAvyoM kA prAsAda sUphiyoM ne pUrNataH bhAratIya IMTa-patthara aura gAre se khar3A kiyA athavA usameM videzI upAdAnoM kA hI upayoga kiyA ? isa sambandha meM jahA~ taka zilpa kA savAla hai maiM apanA dRSTikoNa prastuta kara cukA hU~ ki maMgalAcaraNa, stuti-niMdA, kavi-vivecana, zAhevakta kA ullekha aura kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kA ullekha sUfI kaviyoM ne bhAratIya sAhitya vizeSakara apabhraMza sAhitya ke anusAra hI kiyA hai| masanaviyoM kI eka vizeSatA yaha batAI jAtI hai ki viSayAnusAra vivecana karate samaya Upara zIrSaka dekara kavi yA lekhaka usakA varNana karatA hai| hamAre yahA~ bhI kavi yA to Arambha meM hI athavA adhyAya, pariccheda yA sarga ke anta meM viSayagata sUcanA de detA hai| udAharaNa ke lie mayaNaparAjayacariu ke racayitA

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186 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka prathama sandhi samApta hone para likhate haiM- 'iya mayaNaparAjayacarie hari - evakai viraie mayaNarAyavaNNaNoNAya paDhamo saMdhI paricheu samatto' arthAt ' isa prakAra harideva kavikRta madanaparAjayacaritra meM madanarAja - varNana nAmaka prathama sandhi pariccheda samApta huA / ' isameM kavi ne sUcita kara diyA ki prathama pariccheda meM madanarAja kA savistAra varNana kiyA gayA hai / isI prakAra anya apabhraMza prAkRta aura saMskRta kI racanAoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / jahA~ taka sUfI siddhAnta kA savAla hai usameM videzI prabhAva kA pAyA jAnA svAbhAvika hai| binA khIMcA-tAnI ke yaha kahanA ThIka aura nyAyasaMgata hogA ki sUfI kAvyoM kA mukhya upAdAna bhAratIya hai / sUfiyoM ne jina pratIkoM ko apane kAvyoM kA upAdAna banAyA ve bhAratIya cintanadhArA ke hI pratIka haiM / DA0 vIrendra siMha kA kathana isa saMdarbha meM mahattvapUrNa hai| sUfiyoM ne 'jina bhAratIya cintana para Azrita pratIkoM ko grahaNa kiyA hai unheM unhoMne adhikatara bhAratIya rUpa meM ho citrita kiyA hai / dUsarI ora apane sUfI pratIkoM ko bhAratIya vAtAvaraNa ke anukUla rUpAMtarita kiyA hai / unakI gAthAoM meM jo bhI pAtra haiN| sUphI prabhAva se kahIM adhika bhAratIya prabhAva ke dyotaka haiM / unake yogaparaka pratIkoM meM bhAratIya praNaya-bhAvanA tathA vastue~ hI adhika haiM / unake tattvanirdezoM meM vedAnta, yoga tathA sUfI vicAradhArAoM kA samanvaya hai aura unakI varNana zailI para bhAratIya prabhAva hai / " mUlataH pratIkoM kI bhAratIya paramparA ho thI / vaidika, upaniSad, purANa aura jaina-bauddha evaM siddha sAhitya Adi bhAratIya sAhitya meM pratIkoM kI yojanA ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| vaidika RSiyoM ne agni, vAyu, AkAza, megha, sUrya Adi ko prakRti ke prakopa kA rUpa samajhakara pratIka ke rUpa meM inheM stutya kahA / veda meM saMsAra, AtmA evaM paramAtmA ko eka rUpaka dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai, vaha pratIkAtmaka hI to hai / eka vRkSa para do pakSI rahate haiN| unameM se eka svAdiSTa phala khAtA hai tathA dUsarA pakSI kucha khAtA nahIM, basa dekhatA bhara hai : 1. DA0 vIrendra siMha, hindI kAvya meM pratIkavAda kA vikAsa, pR0 262-63.

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. . sUfI kAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA : 187 dvA suparNA sayujA sakhAyA samAnaM vRkSaM prisssvjaate| tayoranyaH pippalaM svAdvattyanaznannanyo abhi cAkazIti // ' -a0 2, sU0 164. isameM vRkSa saMsAra kA pratIka hai, jo do pakSI haiM ve jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA ke pratoka haiN| jIvAtmArUpo pakSI saMsAra ke moha-mAyArUpI phaloM ko khAne meM lagA rahatA hai aura paramAtmA nilipta rahatA hai| veda kA hI eka udAharaNa aura dekhane se patA calatA hai ki usameM dasa yuvatiyoM ko dasa uMgaliyoM kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai| uttama uddezya vAlI do bhinna rUpiNI striyA~ gamanazIla haiN| donoM eka-dUsare ke bAlakoM kA poSaNa karatI haiN| eka se sUrya anta prApta karAtA aura dUsarI se agni sundara dIpti se yukta hotA hai| tvaSTA ke isa khelane vAle zizu ko nirAlasya dasoM yuvatiyA~ ( dasa uMgaliyA~ ) prakaTa karatI haiM : / dve virUpe carataH svarthe anyAnyA vatsamupa dhaapyte| hariranyasyAM bhavati svadhAvAJchukro anyasyAM dadRze suvrcaaH|| dazemaM tvaSTurjanayanta garbhamatandrAso yuvatayo vibhRtram / tigmAnIkaM svayazasaM janeSu virocamAnaM pariSIMnayanti // -a0 1, sU0 95. .. Rgveda meM hI batAyA gayA hai ki kezayukta tIna devatA niyamakrama se darzana dete haiN| eka varSa meM botA hai. eka baloM se saMsAra ko dekhatA hai aura eka kA rUpa dikhAI nahIM pdd'taa| isameM pratIkAtmaka zailI meM hI * yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jina do devatAoM kA rUpa dikhAI par3atA hai ve haiM agni aura sUrya tathA jisakA rUpa dikhAI nahIM par3atA vaha vAyu hai : '.'. trayaH kezina RtuthA vi cakSate saMvatsare vapata eka eSAm / / vizvameko abhi caSTe zacIbhirdhAjirekasya dadaze na rUpam // -a0 2, sU0 164. eka anya sthAna para varSa bhara kI RtuoM, mAha aura dinoM kI saMkhyA ko pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se hI samajhAyA hai : 1. Rgveda ( prathama khaNDa ), saMpA0-paM0 zrIrAma zarmA, pR0 316. 2. vahI, pR0 186. 3. vahI, pR0 320.

Page #202
188 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka dvAdaza pradhayazcakramekaM trINi nabhyAni ka u tacciketa / tasmintsAkaM trizatA na zaGkavopitAH SaSTirna calAcalAsaH // - a0 2, sU0 164. arthAt jisa ratha ke bAraha ghere, eka cakra aura tIna nAmiyA~ haiM usa ratha kA jJAtA kauna hai ? usameM tIna sau sATha mekhalAeM ThukIM haiM jo kabhI. DhIlI nahIM hotIM / isameM eka cakra arthAt eka varSa, tIna nAmiyA~ arthAt tIna Rtue~ aura tIna sau sATha mekhalAe~ haiM jo varSa ke tIna sau sATha dina hI haiN| sAmAnyataH 'arNava' samudra ke lie prayukta hotA hai / parantu veda meM kaI sthAnoM para 'tejorAzi' ke lie arNava zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / jaise-- yasyA ananto ahna tastveSazcariSNuraNavaH / amarazcarati roruvat / sA no vizvA ati dviSaH svasUranyA RtAvarI / atannaheva sUryaH // 2 arthAt jisa sarasvatI ke ananta - nirvAdha vegavAna arNava haiM aura jisakI zabdAyamAna zakti bhramaNa karatI rahatI hai, sUrya jaise dina ko lAte haiM vaise hI sarasvatI satya jyoti se bharI huI apanI bahinoM ( zaktiyoM ) ke sAtha sabake zatruoM ko parAbhUta kara de| eka dUsare sthAna para bhI arNava kA prayoga dekhie : udveti prasavItA janAnAM mahAn keturarNavaH sUryasya / samAnaM cakraM paryAvivRtsanyadetazo vahati dhUrSu yuktaH 'sabako utpanna karane vAle sUrya kI mahAjyoti aura tejorAzi prakaTa ho rahI hai / samAna rUpa se yaha cakra ko ghumAtI hai, jisakI dhurI meM lage hue hare raMga ( etaza ) ke ghor3e khIMcate haiM / ' hinarikha z2imara ne apanI pustaka Myths and Symbols in Indian Arts and Civilization meM hindU mithaka aura pratIka kathAoM para bahuta vistAra se likhA hai / z2imara ke anusAra sabhI bhAratIya devatAoM 1. Rgveda, pR0 321. 2 . vahI, 3. vahI, 6.5.61.8-9. 7.4.63.2.

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sUfI kAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA : 189 kA rUpa pratIkAtmaka hai / ziva kA candramA vAgodbhava kA, nAza kAsmika zakti kA, trizUla icchA-kriyA-jJAna kA pratIka hai| isI prakAra aneka upAdAnoM aura tattvoM kI unhoMne bar3o vizada vyAkhyA kI hai| prAyaH hI bhAratIya devatAoM ke svarUpa ko lekara videzI vidvAnoM ne galata dhAraNAeM vyakta kI haiN| yadi bhAratIya devatA ke cAra hAtha haiM aura unameM zaMkha, cakra, gadA aura padma lagA hai to unako isameM kalA kA bhoMDApana hI dikhAI detA hai| unameM se adhikAMza kI buddhi pratIkAtmaka prakriyA taka pahu~ca hI kaise sakatI thI ? astu, veda meM viSNu kA pratIka AyA hai, usake sambandha meM zrI aravinda kA kathana hai : yaha vaidika vAkyAlaMkAra purANoM kI samAna pratIkAtmaka kalpanAoM para prakAza DAlatA hai, vizeSakara usa pratIka para jisameM ki viSNa pralaya ke bAda kSIrasAgara meM anantanAga ke valaya para soye hue haiN| saMbhavataH kucha loga yaha AkSepa kara sakate haiM ki purANa andhavizvAsI hindU purohitoM yA kaviyoM dvArA likhe gae the, jinakA vizvAsa thA ki grahaNa eka daitya ke kAraNa hotA hai, jo sUrya aura candramA ko khAtA hai, ve saralatA se isa bAta para vizvAsa kara lete the ki jaba bhI visRSTikAla hotA hai taba sarvocca deva apane sthUla zarIra se kSIrasamudra meM zeSanAga para sone calA jAtA hai aura isalie ina lokakathAoM yA gapASTakoM se AdhyAtmika artha khojanA koI buddhimattA nahIM hogI / maiM uttara dUMgA ki vAstava meM aise arthoM ko khojane ko koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki una andhavizvAsI kaviyoM ne sAmAnyarUpa se sabake sAmane apanI bAta bar3e sarala DhaGga se rakha dI hai| unhoMne viSNu ke sarpa kA ananta nAma diyA hai aura ananta kA artha hotA hai anAdi, isIlie unhoMne spaSTa kahA hai ki yaha kalpanA alaMkAra mAtra - hai aura viSNu arthAt samasta brahmANDa meM vyApta zakti visRSTi ke kAla meM usa ananta ke valaya para sotI hai| samudra ke saMdarbha meM vaidika kalpanA spaSTa kara detI hai ki yaha samudra kA astitva anAdi sattA kA pratIka hai aura yaha anAdi sattA kA samudra pUrNa mAdhurya kA sAgara hai, dUsare zabdoM meM mahAnanda kA nidhi hai| kyoMki madhura kSIra (svayaM eka vaidika kalpanA) aura madhu meM koI tAttvika bheda nahIM hai, madhu athavA mAdhurya vAmadevoM kA stotra hai| __ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki veda aura purANa donoM eka hI prakAra kI pratIkAtmaka dhArAeM rakhate haiM, unake lie samudra ananta sattA kA pratIka

Page #204
1.90 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka hai| hama dekhate haiM ki nadiyA~ athavA bahatI huI dhArAoM kI kalpanA cetanA ke pravAha ke pratIkArtha kI gaI hai| isI prakAra sarasvatI jo sAta nadiyoM meM se eka nadI hai tattvajJAna se bahatI huI cetanA kI dhArA hai| isI prakAra hama anya cha: nadiyoM ko bhI manovaijJAnika pratIka mAna sakate haiN|' isI adhyAya meM hindI premAkhyAnakoM ke pratIkoM para vicAra karate. samaya saMkhyAvAcI pratIkoM kA ullekha hama kara cuke haiN| veda meM sapta saMkhyA kA bar3A mahattva hai| isa para vicAra karate hue zrI aravinda likhate haiM : 'anya prAcIna vicAradhArAoM ke samAna hI vaidika paddhati meM sAta saMkhyA kA bar3A mahattva hai| veda meM bAra-bAra AtA hai-sAta prakAra ke Ananda, sapta ratnAni; agni kI sAta lapaTeM, jihvA yA kiraNeM, sapta aciSaH; saMpta jvAlAe~, adhyayana ke sAta prakAra, sapta dhItayaH; sAta kiraNe athavA gauveM, avadhya gauveM, devamAtA aditi, sapta gAvaH; sapta nadiyA~, sapta mAtAe~ athavA . dhAtR gauvaM, sapta mAtaraH; sapta dhenavaH, dhenu zabda kiraNoM aura nadiyoM ke lie samAna rUpa se vyavahRta hotA hai| mujhe aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ye sapta varga veda ke saiddhAntika mUlodde zyoM ke vargIkaraNa va sattA ke tattvoM para AdhArita haiN| ina tattvoM kI jAnakArI meM prAcIna vicArakoM kA mana khUba lagatA thA aura bhAratIya darzana meM hameM vibhinna prakAra ke eka se bIsa taka uttara milate haiN| ___ isake Age zrI aravinda vaidika pratIkoM ko granthi kholate hue likhate haiM : 'vRhaspati sAta kiraNoM vAle manISI haiM, saptaguH, saptarazmiH; ve sAtamukha vAle aMgirasa haiM jo nau kiraNoM vAle, dasa kiraNoM vAle aneka rUpoM meM utpanna hote haiN| sAta mukha sAta aMgirA haiM jo divya zabda brahma kA uccAraNa karate rahate haiM, jo satya ke srota svara se nikalatA hai aura jisake ve svAmI ( brahmaspati ) haiN| pratyeka vRhaspati kI sAta kiraNoM meM se ve eka-eka kiraNa haiN| isalie ve sAta bhaviSyadraSTA haiM, saptaviprAH aura saptaRSayaH haiM jo una sAta jJAna kI kiraNoM ko alaga-alaga mUrta rUpa dete haiN| ye sapta kiraNeM sUrya ke sAta ghor3e haiM, sapta haritaH aura unakA saMgaThana ayasya kA saptamukha vicAra bana jAtA hai jisake dvArA khoye hue sUrya kA punaruddhAra hotA hai / vahI vicArapravAha punaH sAta nadiyoM ke rUpa 1. On the Vedas, Shri Aurobindo, pp. 123-24. 2. Ibid. p. 206.

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sUfI kAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA : 191 meM AtA hai, ye sAta daivIya aura mAnavIya siddhAnta milakara pUrNa AdhyAtmika sattA kA rUpa banate haiN| vRtta dvArA jotI gaI sAta nadiyoM aura bala dvArA sAta kiraNoM ke avarodha se aura sabhI prakAra ke mithyApana se satya dvArA mukti mila jAne se zuddha cetanA kI prApti hotI hai aura svaraloka para adhikAra ho jAtA hai, AtmapravAha ke ho jAne se mithyAjJAna aura andhakAra kA nAza hokara mAnasika aura zArIrika Ananda milatA hai, hamameM daivIya tattvoM ke bar3hane se hama mRtyu evaM andhakAra para vijaya pA lete haiN|" vedoM ke samAna hI upaniSadoM meM bhI pratIka-yojanAsambandhI sAmagrI upalabdha ho jAtI hai| jaisA ki saMsAra ke lie veda meM vRkSa kA pratIka AyA hai usI prakAra kaThopaniSat meM brahmA hI saMsAravRkSa ke rUpa meM avasthita hai : UrdhvamUlo'vAkazAkha eSo'zvatthaH sanAtanaH // tadeva zukraM tadbrahma tadevAmRtamucyate // tasmillokAH zritAH sarve tadu nAtyeti kazcana etadvai tat // . arthAt mUla Upara hai, zAkhAeM nIce kI ora haiN| yaha cirantana azvattha hai| yahI teja hai, yahI brahma hai, ise hI amRta kahate haiM / isI se saba loka lage hue haiN| isakA atikramaNa koI nahIM kara sktaa| yahI .. sa vRkSakAlAkRtibhiH pro'nyo| vaha vRkSa, kAla, AkRti Adi se pare aura kucha hai| . inake atirikta upaniSadoM meM jisa praNava athavA o'm kI vyAkhyA - hai, svayaM eka pratIka hI hai| ___ omiti brahma / omitIdaM sarvam // o'm brahma hai / o'm hI yaha saba kucha hai / 1. Ibid., p. 207 2. kaThopaniSat, 2.2.1. 3. zvetAzvataropaniSat, 6.6. 4. taittirIyopaniSat, 1.8.

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192 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka brahmapurANa meM om kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI gaI hai : saiva vAgabravI devI prakRtiryAbhidhIyate / viSNunA preritA mAtA jagadIzA jaganmayo // 1 oMkArabhUtA yA devI mAtRkalpA jaganmayI // vahI devI vAk jo prakRti kahalAtI hai, mAtA jagadIzA, jagadrU'piNI hai / jo omakAra banI huI hai usane viSNu se prerita hokara kahAM / bauddha sAhitya meM pradIpa, naukA, juA, paMcendriyAM, paMcaskandha, brAhmaNa, nagara, gRha, vRkSa, andhakAra aura usapAra Adi bahuta se pratIkAtmaka zabda upalabdha haiN| 'usapAra' kA artha bauddhoM meM nirvANa se liyA jAtA hai athavA yoM kaha sakate haiM ki nirvANa kA 'usapAra' pratIka hai / dhammapada kI eka gAthA hai jisameM usapArabodhaka evaM nirvANa ke lie prayukta pratIka ko dekhA jA sakatA hai : appakA te manusse meM janA pAragAmino / athAyaM itarA pajA tIramevAnudhAvati // isI prakAra siddha sAhitya meM bhI pratIkoM kI bharamAra hai / yahA~ kucha zabdoM kA ullekha mAtra kara denA paryApta hogA / siddha sAhitya meM vRkSa ko zarIra kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai / smaraNa rahe ki Rgveda meM vRkSa ko saMsAra ke pratIka ke lie prayoga meM lAyA gayA hai jisakA ullekha Upara kiyA jA cukA hai | cAdara ko bhI tana kA pratIka mAnA hai / gaMgA-yamunA ko ir3A - piMgalA athavA suSumnA kA, gAya ko iMdriyoM kA haMsa ko citta, mana, pavana yA prANa kA, hariNI ko mAyA kA cora ko duSTa mana kA, dazamadvAra ko brahmarandhra kA, kAga ko ajJAnI citta kA, kamala ko cakroM kA, sasurAla ko brahmaloka kA pratIka mAnakara prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isI prakAra ke anya prayoga bhI mila jAte haiN| vAstava meM siddhoM ne yogamArga kA anusaraNa karane ke lie pratIkoM ko apane sAhitya meM sthAna diyA / anya sAhityoM kI bhA~ti jaina sAhitya meM bhI pratIkoM kA mahattva thA / isa viSaya meM mayaNaparAjayacariu kI prastAvanA meM DA0 hIrAlAla jaina 'pratIkAtmaka nATaka paramparA' zIrSaka se vizada adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai| jaina darzana meM pratIkoM kA nikSepa se tAtparya hai / DAkTara sAhaba ne likhA hai| 1. brahmapurANa ( AnandAzrama, pUnA ), adhyAya 161, zloka 14, 18. 2. dhammapada, gAthA 85.

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..sUfI kAvyoM meM pratIka-vidhAna aura bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA : 193 ki ina pratIkoM ko jaina darzana meM nikSepa kahA hai| jaba hama bolakara kucha kahanA cAhate haiM taba vastuoM ke jo dhvanyAtmaka nAma lete haiM vaha nAma nikSepa hai| jaba citra khIMcakara yA mUrti banAkara use prakaTa karate haiM taba hama sthApanA nikSepa kI sahAyatA le rahe haiN| jaba hama usake bAhya mUrtasvarUpa ko sanmukha rakhate haiM taba vaha dravya nikSepa kahalAtA hai aura jaba usake Abhyantara svarUpa ko vyakta karane lagate haiM taba vaha bhAva nikSepa kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra nikSepoM dvArA hama prakRti ke tathyoM ko unakI anupasthiti meM dUsaroM ko unakA anubhava karAne kA prayatna karate haiN|' yahA~ kisI vizeSa sAhitya ke pratIkoM kI vyAkhyA karanA iSTa nahIM hai / merA dhyeya sirpha itanA hai ki sUfI sAhitya kI pratIka paramparA se pUrva bhAratoyoM ke pAsa pratIka paramparA thI athavA nahIM-isakA patA laga sake / pratIkAtmaka nATakoM ko bhAratIya paramparA prAcIna rahI hai / azvaghoSa ke nATakoM ke pAtra pratIkAtmaka haiN| ve pAtra koI sAmAnya vyakti nahIM kintu buddhi, kIrti, dhRti Adi bhAva haiN| ve raMgamaMca para Ate haiM aura vArtAlApa karate haiN| DA0 hIrAlAla jI ne kRSNa mizra dvArA likhita prabodhacandrodaya (11vIM zatAbdI) nATaka kA ullekha kiyA hai, usake nivRtti, viveka, prabodhodaya, upaniSat, mati Adi pAtra bhI pratIkAtmaka haiN| zraddhA, zama, dama Adi aneka pAtra haiM jo pratIkoM kI koTi meM hI Ate haiN| pratIkAtmaka zailI kA hI eka jaina nATaka moharAjaparAjaya hai| isakI racanA yazaHpAla ne san 1229-32 ke bIca kI thii| isa nATaka ke kathApAtra jJAnadarpaNa, vivekacandra, kRpAsundarI, zAnti Adi pratIkAtmaka hI rakhe gae haiN| manonagara rAjya mana kA pratIka hai / isa prakAra pratIkAtmaka kathAoM kI jaina paramparA hI thI / jainoM ke uttarAdhyayanasUtra, NAyAdhammakahAo, vasudevahiNDI, haribhadrasUrikRta samarAdityakathA aura upamitibhavaprapaMcAkathA Adi aise kaI grantha haiM jinameM pratIkAtmaka zailI apanAI gaI hai| apabhraMza bhASA kI mayaNaparAjayacariu ( 12vIM aura 15vIM zatI ke madhya ) racanA pratIkAtmaka zailI kI eka pramukha racanA hai / isa racanA 1. DA0 hIrAlAla jaina dvArA saMpAdita mayaNaparAjayacariu kI prastAvanA, pR0 38. 2. vahI, pR0 39. 3. vahI.

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. 194 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka meM jIva dvArA mokSa kI prApti kA upAya pratIkarUpa se batAyA gayA hai| mokSa-mArga kI ora agrasara hone meM jIva ko kina-kina bAdhAoM kA sAmanA karanA hotA hai, isakA bhI vizada varNana isa racanA meM hai| kavi ne maMgalAcaraNa Adi ke bAda kathA prArambha kI hai| kathA ke prArambhika aMza ko udAharaNArtha prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai jisase racanA kI pratIkAtmaka zailI para prakAza pdd'egaa| 'bhavanagara nAmaka paTTana ke rAjA makaradhvaja apane mahAmantrI moha aura rati-prIti nAmaka donoM patniyoM ke sAtha sabhAbhavana meM baiThe the| vahA~ zalya, garva, karma, mithyAtva, doSa, Azrava, viSaya va krodha, lobha, raudra va Arta, mada, mAna, saptabhaya va vyasana Adi balI yoddhA virAjamAna the| isa prakAra asaMkhya narAdhipoM tathA tInoM lokoM ke prabhuoM se sevyamAna makaradhvaja garaz2a rahA thaa|" isa prakAra isameM jitane bhI nAma haiM sabho sAdhanA ke sAdhaka aura bAdhaka rUpa ke. pratIka haiM / ataH kathA kA pratIkAtmaka honA svataH pramANita hai| paryukta AdhAra para pratIkoM ko apanI eka bhAratIya paramparA thI jo vaidika kAla se sUfI kAvyoM ke samaya tathA usake bAda yAnI Aja taka calI A rahI hai| punaH maiM isa bAta ko duharAnA cAhUMgA ki sUfiyoM kI racanAoM para bhAratIyatA ko chApa videzIpana kI apekSA kahIM adhika hai| mUlataH pratIkoM ke sandarbha meM yaha bAta aura bhI dRr3hatA se kahI jAnI caahie| kucha atizaya pragativAdiyoM kA virodha ho sakatA hai ki prAyaH hI loga apanI bAta ko vedoM se jor3akara pramANita karane kA prayatna karate haiN| unase merA vinamra anurodha itanA hI hai ki yadi binA AyAsa ke hameM vedoM meM bhI apanI bAta kI puSTi milatI hai aura usase hamArI zRMkhalA vighaTita hone se baca jAtI hai to nirarthaka kyA hai ? hA~, hameM tathyoM ko nakArane bhara kA duHsAhasa nahIM karanA caahie| 1. DA0 hIrAlAla jaina dvArA saMpAdita mayaNaparAjayacariu kI prastAvanA, pR0 2.

Page #209
adhyAya 5 . apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa apabhraMza-kathAkAvyoM ke zailI-zilpa para likhane ke pUrva kathA ke kAvyarUpa ( poiTika phArma ) para vicAra kara lenA Avazyaka hai| kathA zabda itanA rUr3ha ho gayA thA ki isakA prayoga nAnA arthoM meM hone lagA thaa| saMskRta kI katha dhAtU se isa zabda kI racanA hii| isa artha meM kathana mAtra ko kathA kahA jA sakatA hai| Aja bhI baMgalA meM kuzala samAcAra pUchane ke lie 'kathA' kA tathA maithilI meM 'kahanI' kA prayoga hotA hai| sAhityika vidhA ke rUpa meM isa zabda kA bhinna artha aura paribhASA hai| kathA athavA kathAkAvyoM kI paribhASAoM ke sambandha meM daNDI, bhAmaha, rudraTa Adi saMskRta lakSaNakAroM kI mAnyatAoM kA ullekha prabandha ke prAstAvika meM kara diyA gayA hai| jo kucha kahA jAtA hai' vaha anivAryataH kathA nahIM ho sakatI phira bhI kathAkAvya eka aisA vyApaka aura lacIlA kAvyarUpa rahA hai ki isake antargata carita, rAsa, vilAsa, purANa, dharmakathA, vArtA, khyAla, lIlA Adi aneka kAvyarUpa samAhita ho gae haiN| kathA kAvya ke viSaya meM pracalita katipaya mAnyatAoM tathA dhAraNAoM kA ava* lokana karane se isakI puSTi hogii| ___'kathA kA viziSTa artha ho gayA hai kisI aisI kathita ghaTanA kA kahanA, varNana karanA jisakA nizcita pariNAma ho / ghaTanA kisI se bhI sambandhita ho sakatI hai-manuSya, anya jIvadhArI, pazu-pakSI Adi tathA jagat ke nAnA padArthe jinakA anubhava kiyA jA cukA hai yA jo kalpita kiye jA sakate haiN| jisa kisI se sambandhita ghaTanA ho, usakI kisI vizeSa paristhiti yA paristhitiyoM kA (nizcita Adi aura anta se yukta ) varNana hI 'kathA' kahalAtA hai| kathAe~ aneka prakAra kI hotI haiM, parantu unheM do pradhAna vargoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai : 1. itihAsa-purANa kI kathAe~ aura 2. kalpita kathAeM / aitihAsika kathAoM ke AdhAra para nirmita mahAkAvya, khaNDakAvya, nATaka Adi ko sAdhAraNatayA kathA-sAhitya yA kathAkAvya nahIM kahate / yadyapi upanyAsa aura kathA-kahAniyoM kA eka

Page #210
.196 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka varga aitihAsika bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai, kintu aitihAsika kathA, upanyAsa yA kahAnI meM prayukta hone para anivAryataH kalpanA mizrita ho jAtI hai / kalpanAprasUta yA pradhAnarUpa se kalpanAprasUta kathAeM hI kathA-sAhitya kA AdhAra banatI haiN| yoM to sAhitya aura kAvya samAnArthI zabda haiM aura kAvya kA padmabaddha honA anivArya nahIM hai| parantu sAdhAraNatayA padyabaddha kathAoM ko kathAkAvya aura gadya meM racita kathAoM ko kathA-sAhitya, upanyAsa, upanyAsikA, kahAnI Adi kahate haiN| Adhunika sAhitya meM kathA-sAhitya zabda kA prayoga aMgrejI ke 'phikzana' ke artha meM hotA hai|" kAvyarUpoM ke vikAsa ke prasaMga meM DA0 zambhUnAtha siMha ne vorabhAvanA pradhAna, romAMsika tattvoM se yukta premabhAvanA pradhAna aura lokavizvAsoM evaM nijadharI pAtroM se sambandhita tathA dharmabhAvanA pradhAna ina tIna gAthAcakroM se kAvyarUpoM kA vikAsa mAnA hai| unakI mAnyatA ke anusAra 'vikAsonmukha sAmantayuga meM samAja ke vargavibhakta ho jAne aura abhijAta varga ke udaya ke bAda sAmantI darabArI vAtAvaraNa meM viziSTa kaviyoM dvArA vikasanazIla mahAkAvyoM ke anukaraNa para romAMsika kathA-AkhyAyikAoM yA premAkhyAnoM kI racanA hone lgii| isa taraha prabandhakAvya ( mahAkAvya-khaNDakAvya ) tathA kathAkAvya meM do bhinna rUpa ho ge| prabandhakAvya aura kathAkAvya kA yaha bheda bhAratavarSa meM hI nahIM, pAzcAtya dezoM meM bhI bahuta prAcIna kAla se calA A rahA hai| yunAna meM cauthI zatAbdI meM iliyaDa oDesI ke romAMsika tattvoM aura sAhasapUrNa kAryoM ke anukaraNa meM gadyabaddha romAMsika kathAoM kI racanA haI aura pUnarjAgaraNayuga meM mahAkAvyoM ke punaH utthAna ke pahale taka sAre yorapa meM isa kAvyarUpa kA bahuta pracAra rhaa| madhyayuga ke antima bhAga meM ye kathAe~ gadyabaddha aura padyabaddha donoM prakAra kI hotI thiiN|"uttr madhyayuga meM padyabaddha kathAkAvya bahuta hI lokapriya kAvyarUpa thaa| gadyabaddha romAMsa ko Age calakara iTalI aura spena meM nAvelA aura iMglaiMDa meM 'nAvela' kahA jAne lagA aura vahI Adhunika upanyAsa yA kahAnI kA Adi rUpa thaa|' 'madhyayuga meM abhijAtavargIya romana klAsikala paramparA ke viruddha romAMsika svacchaMdatA kI pravRtti ne jo vidroha kiyA usake pariNAmasvarUpa 1. saMpA0-DA0 dhIrendra varmA Adi, hindI sAhitya koza, pR0 183-84.

Page #211
apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 197 mahAkAvya ke zAstrIya aura gurugambhIra kAvyarUpa kI jagaha sarala aura romAMsika kathAkAvya kA bahuta pracAra huaa| sarvaprathama phrAMsa meM 12vIM zatI ke uttarArddha tathA 13vIM zatI ke pUrvArddha meM kiMga Arthara aura usake sAmaMtoM ke vIratApUrNa kAryoM tathA prema kI romAMsika kathAoM ko padyabaddha kathAkAvya ( le ) kA rUpa diyA gayA (enasAiklopIDiyA Apha liTarecara-zipale, pR0292-93 ) / iMglaiMDa meM bhI 13vIM zatAbdI meM ArtharagAthA-cakra se sambandhita anekAneka padyabaddha kathAkAvya likhe gaye / ina sabhI kathAkAvyoM meM kAlpanikatA, romAMsikatA, uddAma sAhasa aura sAmantI prema bhAvanA kI adhikatA dikhAI par3atI hai| kathAkAvya ke vikAsa kA yaha krama bahuta kucha isI rUpa meM bhAratavarSa meM dikhalAI par3atA hai| rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata ke anukaraNa para, kintu alaMkRta zailI meM, saMskRta ke mahAkAvyoM ko paramparA vikasita huI aura unhIM donoM mahAkAvyoM ke romAMsika tattvoM aura sAhasika kAryoM kA anukaraNa karake 'bRhatkathA' ke sambandha meM to adhikAMza vidvAn ekamata haiM ki usakA mUlarUpa bhI padyabaddha rahA hogA / usake saMskRta rUpAntara to padyabaddha haiM hI "Adi / ___ kathAkAvyoM ke vikAsa ke mUla meM hameM kathA ke do rUpoM kA darzana . hotA hai| unameM pahalA kathA kA maukhika rUpa hai aura dUsarA likhita ruup| vAstava meM jaba lekhana praNAlI kA zrIgaNeza nahIM huA thA taba kathA kA rUpa maukhika hI thaa| vaise Aja bhI grAmINa kSetroM meM maukhika kathAoM kA pracalana hai| zrI satyavrata avasthI maukhika kathA-sAhitya ko bhAratIya kathA kA Adima rUpa mAnate haiN| avasthI jI ne maukhika kathA-sAhitya ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai-(a) loka-kAvya-kathA yA loka-gAthA, padyarUpa; (ba) loka-kathA, gdy-ruup| lokagAthA yA lokakAvya kathA se tAtparya aisI kathA se hai jo kAvyarUpa meM loka meM pracalita ho| loka-kathA kA tAtparya usa kathA se hai jo loka meM gadyarUpa meM pracalita rahI ho| likhita kathAoM ke bhI do rUpa ginAe gae haiM : 1. paurANika kathAe~, 2. sAhityika kthaaeN| ... 1. saMpA0-DA0 dhIrendra varmA Adi, hindI sAhitya koza, pR0 182-83. 2. satyavrata avasthI, lokasAhitya kI bhUmikA, pR0 56. 3. vahI, pR0 452.

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198 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka bhAratIya AcAryoM-lakSaNakAroM ke kathA-AkhyAyikAoM ke lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para DA0 zambhUnAtha siMha ne eka rUparekhA prastuta kI hai, jo isa prakAra hai : 1. kathA-AkhyAyikAoM meM romAMcaka tattvoM aura sAhasika kAryoM jaise yuddha, balapUrvaka vivAha, kanyAharaNa, bhayaMkara yAtrA, mArga kI durUha kaThinAiyA~, deva-asura, gaMdharva, yakSa Adi ke alaukika kArya Adi kA bahuta adhika vistAra hotA hai| 2. kathA-AkhyAyikA kA kathAnaka adhika pravAhayukta, itivRttAtmaka aura AkarSaka hotA hai kintu usakA mUlAdhAra yathArtha jIvana nahIM hotaa| ( bANa kI 'harSacarita' sadRza kucha racanAe~ isake lie apavAdasvarUpa haiM ) isameM kalpanAjanya alaukika, atimAnavIya evaM atiprAkRta tattvoM, pAtroM tathA asaMbhava ghaTanAoM kI adhikatA. hotI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa usameM kAlpanika kathA kA camatkAra aura asambhava yA avizvasanIya ghaTanAoM kI bharamAra hotI hai / 3. kathA-AkhyAyikA meM kathAnaka ko koI zRMkhalita yojanA nahIM hotii| usakA kathAnaka sphItiyukta, ulajhA huA aura jaTila hotA hai / prAyaH usakA prArambha hI kathAMtara se hotA hai aura phira usameM kathA ke bhItara kathA aura usa antargata kathA meM bhI garbhakathAe~ bharI rahatI haiN| kucha kathAe~ aisI bhI hotI haiM jinameM aneka kathAe~ kisI eka sUtra se paraspara bA~dha dI gaI rahatI haiN| yadyapi una sabakA astitva alaga-alaga hI rahatA hai| 4. kathA-AkhyAyikAoM kI kathAoM meM vivAha aura usake lie yuddha tathA prema ke saMyoga evaM viyoga pakSa ke varNana para adhika sthAna diyA jAtA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa usake nAyaka prAyaH dhIralalita hote haiM aura unakA jIvana ayathArtha para AdhArita hotA hai| ve prAyaH nijandharo hote haiM yA kathAkAra dvArA nijandharI U~cAI taka paha~cA diye jAte haiN| bhAratIya kathAoM meM vikramAditya, sAtavAhana, udayana, duSyaMta, nala Adi aise ho caritra haiM jo aitihAsika hote hue bhI nijandharI vyaktitva dvArA gar3he gae haiM / yuddha, sAhasa aura vIratA ke kAryoM kA varNana kathA-AkhyAyikAoM meM bhI hotA hai para vaisA nahIM jaisA alaMkRta kAvyoM meM hotA hai|

Page #213
apabhraMza kathA: paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 199 kathAkAra yuddha aura vIratA ko prema aura zrRMgAra kA sAdhanamAtra samajhatA hai, jisase usakA mana ina bAtoM meM hI ramatA hai / ' kathAkAvyoM ke kAvyarUpa para vicAra karane ke bAda yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki caritakAvyoM ko nissandeha rUpa se ina kathAkAvyoM kI koTi meM parigaNita karanA cAhie / jahA~ eka ora hama inheM kathAkAvyoM kI zreNI meM lAkara baiThAne kA prayatna karate haiM vahIM dUsarI ora caritakAvya svayaM apane ko kathAkAvya ghoSita karate haiM / kahane kA abhiprAya yaha ki apabhraMza ke carita-lekhakoM ne svayaM ho NAyakumAracariu, karakaMDucariu, jasahara cariu, bhavisayattakahA, pajjuNNa kahA, riTThaNemicariu, pupphadaMtakahA, mahApurANa Adi racanAoM meM unako kahIM kathA, kahIM carita aura kahIM purANa kahA hai| vAstava meM sarvatra unakA kahane kA dhyeya 'kahA' se hI rahA hai / caritakAvyoM ke svarUpa-vikAsa evaM lakSaNa para prathama adhyAya meM vicAra kara cuke haiN| Age hama kathAkAvyoM ke antargata Ane vAle rAsa * athavA rAsaka para vicAra kareMge / ,2 rAsa, rAso, rAsaka Adi ke viSaya meM hindI sAhitya ke itihAsoM meM evaM anyatra phuTakara nibandhoM ke rUpa meM savistAra vivaraNa athavA usake itihAsa kI carcA huI hai / AcArya hemacandra ne rAsaka ko geya uparUpaka mAnA hai - 'geyaM DombikA bhANa prasthAna ziMgaka bhANikA preraNa rAmAkrIr3a hallI rAsaka goSThI zrIgadita rAga kAvyAdi arthAt prekSya kAvya meM * DombikA, bhANa, prasthAna, ziMgaka, bhANikA, preraNa, rAmAkrIr3a, hallIsaka, rAsaka Adi geya uparUpakoM ke antargata haiM / vAgbhaTTa ne bhI isI prakAra ko svIkAra kiyA hai - 'DombikA - bhANa- prasthAna -bhANikA-preraNa-ziMgaka. rAmAkrIr3a - hallI sakarAsaka goSThIprabhRtIni geyAni' arthAt inake abhinayAtmaka svabhAva ke kAraNa ye DombikAdi sabhI geya rUpaka haiM : padArthAbhinayasvabhAvAni gombikAdIni geyanirUpakANi cirantanairuktAni / ukta AcAryoM ke bahuta pUrva yAnI bANabhaTTa ( 7vIM zatAbdI ) ke meM rAsaka padoM ke gAye jAne kA ullekha milatA hai -- ' pade pade jhaNajhaNitabhUSaNaravairapi sahRdayairivAnuvarttamAnatAlalayAH, kokilA iva 1. DA0 zambhUnAtha siMha, hindI mahAkAvyoM kA svarUpa aura vikAsa, 2. hemacandra, kAvyAnuzAsana, 8.4, pR0 401-4.

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200 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka madakalakAkalIkomalAlApinyo viTAnAM karNAmRtAnyazlIlarAsakapadAni gaayntyH|" abhinavagupta ne abhinava-bhAratI meM rAsaka kI jo paribhASA dI hai usase spaSTa hotA hai ki rAsaka eka aisA geya rUpaka hai jisameM aneka nartakiyA~ evaM aneka prakAra ke tAla-layAdi hote haiM aura isameM causaTha nartaka yugma bhAga lete haiM : anekanartakIyojyaM citratAlalayAnvitam / AcatuSaSThiyugalAdrAsakaM masRNoddhatam // rAsa athavA rAsakoM kI racanAe~ apabhraMza ke prArambhika kAla se hI milanI zurU ho jAtI haiN| geya aura nRtya padoM ke rUpa meM bANabhaTTa ke samaya taka isakA pracalana paryApta mAtrA meM ho cukA thaa| adhikAMza rAso racanAe~ rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI bhASA ke jaina sAhitya meM milatI haiN| jaina rAso granthoM meM aneka prakAra ke rAsakoM kA ullekha milatA hai| una racanAoM se patA calatA hai ki jaina loga tAlI bajA-bajAkara mandiroM meM rAtri ke samaya gAte the| dina meM puruSa-strI laguDArAsa karate the| jainoM ke yahA~ ye donoM rAsa 13vIM-14vIM zatAbdI taka bhI khele jAte the| isakA pramANa saptakSetrIrAsu (saM0 1327) nAmaka racanA ke eka uddharaNa se hI mila jAyegA : .. baisai sahai zramaNasaMgha sAvaya gunnvNtaa|| joyai icchavu jinaha bhuMvaNi mani harakha dhrNtaa|| tIche tAlArasa paDai bahu bhATa pddh'taa| anai lakuTArasa joiI khelA nAcanA // 48 // saviha sarIkhA siNagAra savi tevau tevdd'aa| nAcai dhAmIya raMbhare tau bhAvahi ruddaa|| sulalita vANI madhuri sAdi jiNaguNa vaayNtaa| tAla mAnu chaMda gIta melu vAjiMtra vAjaMtA // 49 // 1. harSacarita, caturtha ucchvAsa. . 2. bharatanATyazAstra, bhAga 1, pR0 183. 3. prAcIna gurjara kAvyasaMgraha, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja, 1916, pR0 52.

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apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 201 parantu rAtri evaM dina meM khele jAne vAle tAlArAsu aura laguDArAsa kA jainoM meM niSedha kiyA gayA kyoMki isa taraha ke kheloM se jIvahiMsA ko saMbhAvanA rahatI hai : tAlA rAsu rayaNi nahi dei, laur3A rAsu mUlaha vaarei| zAradAtanaya ( 12vIM zatI ) ne rAsaka ke tIna bheda latArAsaka, daNDarAsaka tathA maNDalarAsaka batAye haiM : latArAsaka nAma / syAttredhA rAsakaM bhavet / daNDarAsakamekantu tathA maNDalarAsakam // hemacandra ke ziSya rAmacandra ne sasaka kA lakSaNa apanI guru-paramparA se bhinna diyA hai : SoDaza dvAdazASTau vA yasminnRtyanti nAyikAH / piNDIbaMndhAdivinyAsaiH rAsakaM tadudAhRtam // piNDanAt tu bhavet piNDo gumphanAcchRGkhalA bhavet / bhedanAd bhedyako jAto ltaajaalaapnodtH|| kAminIbhirbhuvo bhatuzceSTitaM yattu nRtyate / rAgAda vasantamAsAdya sa jJeyo naattyraaskH|| hemacandrAcArya ke gIta-nRtyAdi ke tattva ko rAmacandra ne svIkAra kiyA hai| . sAhityadarpaNakAra AcArya vizvanAtha ne rAsaka ko nATaka kA rUpa mAnA hai| usakA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai : rAsakaM paMcapAtrAM syAnmukhanirvahaNAnvitam / bhASA vibhASA bhUyiSThaM bhAratI kezikI yutam // asUtradhAramekAMkaM savodhayaMga kalAnvitam / zliSTanAndIyutaM khyAtanAyikaM mUrkhanAyakam // udAttabhAvavinyAsasaMzritaM cottrottrm| iha pratimukhaM saMdhimapi kecitpracakSate // 1. prAcIna gurjara kAvyasaMgraha, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja, 1916, 1080. 2. DA0 zivaprasAda siMha, sUrapUrva brajabhASA aura usakA sAhitya, pR0 329 se __uddhRta. ___3. nATyadarpaNa, oriyaNTala iMsTiTyUTa, bar3audA, 1921, bhAga 1, pR0 214. 4. sAhityadarpaNa, pR0 104-5.

Page #216
202 : apabhraMza kathAkAbya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka rAsaka ko zailI malataH geya zailI ho thii| saMbhavataH isIlie kucha vidvAnoM ne rAsaka kI vyutpatti rAsa se mAnI hai| isa saMdarbha meM paMDita vizvanAthaprasAda mizra kA kathana hai-'rAsa zabda kA vizeSa Agraha ho to svArtha meM 'ka' mAnakara isa rAsaka ko nATyarAsaka yA rAsaka nAmaka uparUpakoM se pRthak zravyakAvya kA bodhaka mAna liyA jA sakatA hai| rAsaka zabda ko isalie bhI grahaNa karanA cAhie ki rAso zabda ke vibhinna rUpoM ko niSpatti rAsaka se hI subhIte ke sAtha hotI hai|" yoM rAsa kA utsavarUpa meM prayoga bhAgavatapurANa meM milatA hai : tatrArabhata govindo raaskriiddaamnuvtaiH| . strIratnairanvitaH priitairnyonyaabddhbaahbhiH| rAsotsavaH saMpravRtto gopiimnnddlmnndditH| yogezvareNa kRSNena tAsAM madhyo dvyordvyoH|| uparyukta vivecana se hama isa mantavya para pahu~ce haiM ki prArambhika avasthA meM rAsaka geya rUpaka thA aura kAlAntara meM isane hI nATyarAsaka kA rUpa grahaNa kara liyaa| yahIM se isameM vikAsonmukha dhArA kA pravAha huaa| Age calakara isameM kAphI parivartana A gyaa| 'vastutaH rAsaka kAvya paramparA para madhyakAlIna caritakAvyoM khAsataura se saMskRta ke aitihAsika caritakAvyoM kA itanA vyApaka prabhAva par3A ki isakA rUpa hI badala gyaa|'' hamArA saMketa isI badale hue rUpa kI ora hai ki isa prakAra ke 'rAso' nAmaka kAvya kathAkAvyoM ke antargata hI Ate haiN| zrI agaracanda nAhaTA kA bhI kathana hai ki 'pIche rAsa, rAsu athavA rAusa zabda pradhAnatayA kathAkAvyoM ke lie rUr3ha-sA ho gayA aura rasapradhAna racanA rAsa mAnI jAne lgii|" mAravAr3I bhASA meM rAso kA bhinna artha hai / muMzI devIprasAda jI ke anusAra 'rAse ke mAyane kathA ke haiN| yaha rUr3hI zabda hai| ekavacana 'rAso' aura bahuvacana 'rAsA' hai| mevAr3a, DhaDhAr3a aura mAravAr3a meM jhagar3e 1. vizvanAthaprasAda mizra, hindI sAhitya kA atIta, pra0 bhAga, pR0 55. 2. bhAgavata, 10. 33. 2. 3. DA0 zivaprasAda siMha, sUrapUrva brajabhASA aura usakA sAhitya, pR0 330. 4. prAcIna kAvyoM kI rUpa-paramparA, pR0 5.

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apabhraMza kathA: paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 203 ko bhI rAsA kahate haiM / jaise yadi kaI AdamI jhagar3a rahe hoM yA vAdavivAda kara rahe hoM to tIsarA AdamI Akara pUchegA - 'kAMI rAso hai' / laMbI caur3I vArtA ko bhI rAso aura rAmAyaNa kahate haiM | bakavAda ko bhI rAmAyaNa aura rAsA DhUMDhAr3a meM bolate haiN| 'kAMI rAmAyaNa hai' kyA bakavAda hai / yaha eka muhAvarA hai / aise hI 'rAsA' bhI isa viSaya meM bolA jAtA hai / " isI prasaMga meM paMDita mohanalAla viSNulAla jI paMDyA kA mata bhI uddharaNIya hai- 'hindI 'rAso' zabda saMskRta 'rAsa' athavA 'rAsaka' se hai aura saMskRta bhASA meM 'rAsa' ke zabda, dhvani, krIr3A, zrRMkhalA, vilAsa, garjana, nRtya aura kolAhala Adi ke artha aura 'rAsaka' ke kAvya athavA dRzyakAvyAdi ke artha parama prasiddha haiN| yaha 'rAso' zabda Ajakala kI brajabhASA meM bhI apracalita nahIM hai, kintu anveSaNa karane se vaha kAvya ke artha ke atirikta anya aneka arthoM meM bhI prayoga hotA huA dRSTi AvegA, jaise - hamane caude ke gadara ko eka 'rAso' joDyo hai - kala bahAdura siMgha jI kI baiThaka meM baMdara ne gadara kau rAso gAyo hau - phira maiMne bharatapura ke. rAjA sUrajamala ko rAso gAyo so saba dekhate hI raha gae - ajI ye kahA rAso hai - maiM to kalla eka rAse meM phaMsa gayo yAsUM tumAre vahAM nAMya Aya . sakyo - ajI rAma gopAla bar3I divAriyA hai, vAke rAse meM phaMsa ke rUpaiyA mata bigAr3a dojo | hama nai Aja dina ko rAso niyarAya dInau hai - dekho sAba ! rAse ke saMga rAsau hai, burI mata mAnI - tathA lugAiyeM bhI gAyA karatI haiM : : gIta - matakAcI tonhaM rakhiyo dhAnI nAnha karUMgI aMta rAsA / gura rAkha, pakAvA, mata kAcA / ityAdi // // jiva logana kI 'rAsa' uThegI taunha ke khAka uThAvegA / halajota nahIM pachatAvegA / ityAdi // 2 // jaisA ki pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki rAsa, rAso, rAsaka Adi kA prArambhika rUpa jo bhI rahA ho parantu bAda meM usakA pracalana kathAkAvyoM ke rUpa meM rUr3ha ho gyaa| rAso saMjJaka adhikAMza racanAoM ko kathAkAvyoM kI zreNI meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| pRthvIrAjarAso ko AcArya hajArIprasAda 1. sarasvatI, bhAga 3, pR0 98. 2. hindI sAhitya kA atIta, pR0 53 se uddhRta.

Page #218
.204 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka jI ne kathAkAvya mAnate hue likhA hai ki 'pRthvIrAjarAso Arambha meM aisA kathAkAvya thA jo pradhAnarUpa se uddhata prayoga pradhAna masaNa prayoga yukta geyarUpaka thaa|'' apabhraMza meM saMdezarAsaka aura purAnI hindI kA vIsaladevarAso zuddha masaNa rAsaka hai| hindI meM Age calakara uddhata rAso kI paramparA hI phuulii-phlo| rAso saMjJaka racanAoM meM hI kahIM unheM carita, kahIM caupAI, kahIM kathA tathA kahIM rAsa nAma die gaye haiN| 15vIM zatAbdI ke bAda ke rAsa kAvyoM meM caritra-varNana kI paripATI cala par3I thii| samayasundara ne apane cAra 'rAsa' granthoM meM se eka ko kathA, eka ko prabandha aura cAroM ko caupAIbandha karane kA ullekha kiyA hai : sAMva pajunaka kathA sarasa pratyeka buddha prabandha / naladamayaMtI mRgAvatI caupaI cAra sambandha // . -sotArAmacaupaI. . ___ isa prakAra aneka jaina rAsagranthoM meM prema-kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se jaina siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ mAnakavikRta haMsarAjavaccharAja rAsa kI saMkSipta kathA dvArA yaha bhalIbhAMti spaSTa ho jAyegA ki isa prakAra ko racanAe~ kathAkAvya ke atirikta kucha nahIM haiM / kathA kA saMkSepa isa prakAra hai-naravAhana nAmaka jambUdvIpa kA eka rAjA thaa| usake sAlivAhana nAma kA eka putra aura zaktikumAra nAma kA choTA bhAI thaa| eka bAra rAjA ko svapna meM paramasundarI ke darzana hae / rAjA sukhada svapna ke kAraNa adhika dera taka usI meM nimagna sotA rhaa| mantrI ne rAjA kI nidrA bhaMga kara dii| ataH vaha rAjA kA kopabhAjana huaa| rAjA ne mantrI ko Adeza diyA ki vaha svapna meM dekhI gaI kanyA ko eka mAha ke andara usake samakSa prastuta kre| mantrI kA sArA sukha-caina jAtA rhaa| vibhinna sUtroM se use patA calA ki kaNayApura ko haMsAulI nAmaka rAjakumArI parama sundarI hai parantu vahA~ taka pahu~cane ke lie hI tIna mAha kI avadhi cAhie thii| maMtrI ne rAjakArya rAjA ke choTe bhAI zaktikumAra ko sauMpakara svayaM jogI kA bheSa ramAyA / vaha kisI prakAra kaNayApura 1. paM0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI, hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, pR0 60. 2. DA0 rAmabAbU zarmA, hindI kAvyarUpoM kA adhyayana, pR0 170. 3. vahI.

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apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 205 phuNcaa| vahA~ usakI eka mAlina se bheMTa huii| jogI ko usane battIsa lakSaNoM se yukta pAyA ataH apane ghara meM sthAna diyaa| mAlina ne use batAyA ki rAjakumArI devI ke maMdira meM nara-bali car3hAtI hai| ataH vaha pahale se hI devI ke maMdira meM chipa gyaa| rAjakUmArI jaba devI ke maMdira meM gaI to usane narabali ko heya btaayaa| rAjakumArI ne samajhA ki devI kA Adeza hai ataH usane bali na car3hAne kI zapatha lii| mantrI ne nagara meM apane ko eka bar3A citrakAra ghoSita kraayaa| rAjakumArI ko jaba isakI sUcanA milI to usane citrakAra ko bulavA bhejaa| yaha gayA aura rAma, kRSNa ke citroM ko dikhAne ke bAda naravAhana kA citra dikhAte hue usake guNoM kA bakhAna kiyaa| kumArI usa citra para mohita ho gii| mantrI ne rAjakumArI se kahA ki vaha eka mAha ke andara usakI bheMTa rAjA se karA degaa| isI vacana ke AdhAra para donoM kA vivAha ho gyaa| rAjA naravAhana aura haMsAulI sukhapUrvaka divasa vyatIta karane lge| samayAnusAra haMsAulI ke do putra utpanna hue / donoM putra atyadhika baliSTha aura sundara the| ve jaMgala meM zikAra Adi bhI khelane jaate| naravAhana ko dUsarI rAnI lolAvatI haMsarAja ke rUpa para Asakta ho gii| rAnI ne haMsarAja se apanA prastAva btaayaa| haMsarAja suzIla thaa| usane kahA ki Apa to merI mAtA haiM / isa para lolAvatI ne rAjA se zikAyata kara dI ki haMsarAja ne use apamAnita kiyA hai| rAjA ne usakI zikAyata para donoM putroM ko niSkAsita kara diyA / mArga meM calate-calate haMsarAja ko pyAsa laga gii| vaccharAja jala lene calA gyaa| lauTakara AyA to usane haMsarAja ko sarpadaMza se mRta paayaa| vaha bahuta duHkhita huA aura samIpa ke nagara meM usakA antima saMskAra karane ke lie use le gyaa| vaccharAja ko nagara ke koTapAla ne putra na hone ke kAraNa putrarUpa meM svIkAra kiyaa| usI nagara meM arimardana nAmaka rAjA thaa| baccharAja ko usane nagara meM bhramaNa karate samaya dekha liyaa| rAjA ne use battIsa lakSaNoM se pUrNa pAkara vicAra kiyA ki vaha usakI putrI trilocanA ke lie upayukta vara hogA / vaccharAja ne jaba vivAha kI bAta sunI to vaha nagara chor3akara calA gyaa| isa vyavahAra se kumArI trilocanA ko mahAn viraha sahanA par3A / anta meM kisI prakAra haMsarAja ko usane jIvita pA liyaa| isa bIca unheM aneka kaSToM se gujaranA pdd'aa| bAda meM donoM ne vivAha kara liye aura apane

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.. 206 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka nagara ko vApisa hue| udhara bhI saba zAMta ho cukA thaa| lIlAvatI rAnI ne apane kiye kA prAyazcitta kiyaa| sabhI sukhapUrvaka rahane lge| yahI ukta rAsa kI kathA hai| maiM nahIM samajhatA ki isameM kisI kathAkAvya ke gaNa nahIM pAye jAte / svapna-darzana, citradarzana, jogIveSa, sautelI mAM kA praNaya-nivedana, sarpadaMza Adi kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM taka kA isameM pAyA jAnA isa bAta kA pramANa hai| rAsa saMjJaka sabhI racanAoM ko kathAkAvyoM meM svIkAra karane kA merA Agraha kadApi nahIM hai| DA0 dazaratha ojhA ne rAsa granthoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki 'upalabdha rAsa granthoM ko saMkhyA nyUnAdhika eka sahasra taka pahuMca jAtI hai / '' Upara haMsarAja-vacchaMrAja rAsa saMjJaka racanA kI kathA ke AdhAra para evaM ahahamANa ke apabhraMza bhASA meM racita saMdezarAsaka Adi racanAoM ke AdhAra para hama rAsakoM ko kathAkAvyoM ke antargata samAviSTa karanA anucita nahIM. smjhte| ___ isI prakAra carita evaM rAsa kA paryAya vilAsa bhI hotA hai athavA ise paryAya na mAneM to samAnArthaka zabda mAna sakate haiN| paNDita gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda jI ojhA kA kathana hai ki 'maiM rAsA zabda kI utpatti saMskRta ke rAsa zabda se honA mAnatA huuN| rAsa zabda kA artha vilAsa bhI hotA hai ( zabdakalpadruma, caturtha khaNDa, pR0 159 ) aura vilAsa zabda carita, itihAsa Adi ke artha meM pracalita hai| jayavilAsa, bhImavilAsa Adi aitihAsika grantha prasiddha haiM aura prAcIna gujarAtI bhASA meM kaI rAjAoM ke itivRtta rAsa nAma se prasiddha haiM ( kumArapAlarAsa, zrIpAlarAsa Adi ) / ataH vilAsa bhI caritAdi kAvyoM kI zreNI meM A jAtA hai| ____ purANa-sAhitya kathA-sAhitya ke antargata AtA hai athavA nahIM, yaha prazna vicAraNIya hai| vAstava meM paraMparayA smRtiyoM se prApta sAmagrI kA varNana karanA hI purANa kA kArya hai aura vahI usakA lakSaNa hai : purA paraMparAM vakti purANaM tena vai smRtam / 1. DA0 dazaratha ojhA, hindI nATaka : udbhava aura vikAsa, pR0 21. 2. kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, hastalekha saMkhyA 29 kI puSpikA se.. 3. vAyupurANa, 1.2.53.

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apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 207 purANoM ke prayojana ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai-'loka saMgrAhaka kRSNa dvaipAyana vyAsa ne bhAratIya yuddha ke bAda kI deza kI evaM logoM kI, vizeSakara striyoM, zUdroM tathA nAma mAtra se dvijoM kI, sthiti kA Alocana kiyA, aura cAroM vedoM kA artha, jo atyanta gUr3ha hai, sabhI loga saralatA se samajheM jisase unakA kalyANa ho, isa hetu itihAsa aura purANa rUpI sIdhA mArga nirmANa kiyaa| ina purANoM meM vidhi aura niSedha rUpa meM dharmoM kA vivecana kiyA gyaa| AcArya jinasenakRta jaina AdipurANa meM purAtana AkhyAnoM ko purANa kahA gayA hai-'purAtanaM purANaM syAt / purANoM kA artha hI hai purAnI kahAniyA~ athavA purAne itihAsa ke grantha / aneka purANoM meM purANa kI jo paribhASAe~ upalabdha haiM unameM purAtana kahAniyoM se yukta unheM avazya batalAyA gayA hai| viSNupurANa meM purANa use kahA gayA hai jo ina pA~ca bAtoM se yukta ho : sargazca pratisargazca vaMzamanvantarANi c| ___ sarveSveteSu kathyante vaMzAnucaritaM ca yat // Age purANa ke varNya viSaya ke sambandha meM bhI vahIM ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki purANa meM AkhyAna, upAkhyAna, gAthA aura kalpazuddhi ke antargata varNana hone cAhie : . ... AkhyAnaizcApyupAkhyAnairgAthAbhiH klpshuddhibhiH| - 'purANasaMhitAM cakre purANArthavizAradaH // * . mahAbhArata meM purANoM ke varNya viSaya ke sandarbha meM kahA gayA hai ki *unameM divya kathAoM aura zreSTha cintakoM kA caritra varNita honA cAhie : purANe hi kathA divyA AdivaMzAzca dhImatAm / ..... kathyante ye purAsmAbhiH zrutapUrvAH pitustava // 1. hindI vizvakoza, khaMDa 7, pR0 249. 2. vahI, pR0 250. . 3. AdipurANa, 1.21. 4. rAmapratApa tripAThI, purANoM kI amara kahAniyAM, bhAga 1 kA nivedana. 5. viSNupurANa ( gItApresa, gorakhapura ), 3.6.25. 6. vahI, 3.6.15. 7. mahAbhArata, 1.5.2.

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. 208 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka hindU dharmAnusAra purANoM kI saMkhyA aThAraha mAnI gaI hai : 1. brahmapurANa, 2. padmapurANa, 3. viSNupurANa, 4. zivapurANa, 5. zrImadbhAgavatapurANa, 6. nAradapurANa, 7. mArkaNDeyapurANa, 8. agnipurANa,9. bhaviSyapurANa, 10. brahmavaivartapurANa, 11. liMgapurANa, 12. varAhapurANa, 13. skaMdapurANa, 14. vAmanapurANa, 15. kUrmapurANa, 16. matsyapurANa, 17. garuDapurANa, 18. brhmaannddpuraann|' gaNezapurANa aura mudgalapurANa ye do upapurANa haiN| - jaina purANa-sAhitya meM purANoM kI saMkhyA nirdhArita nahIM hai| phira bhI yaha mAnya hai ki saTha zalAkA puruSoM athavA mahApuruSoM ke jIvanacarita ko udghATita karane vAlI kathA hI purANa-kathA hotI hai| ye tresaTha zalAkA puruSa pratyeka kAla meM alaga-alaga hote haiM / jainoM ke vartamAna zalAkA puruSoM meM 24 tIrthaMkara, 12 cakravartI, 9 vAsudeva, 9 baladeva aura 9 prativAsudevoM ko gaNanA kI jAtI hai / tIrthaMkara : 1. RSabhanAtha, 2. ajitanAtha, 3. saMbhavanAtha, 4. abhinaMdananAtha, 5. sumatinAtha, 6. padmaprabha, 7. supArzvanAtha, 8. caMdraprabha, 9. puSpadanta, 10. zItalanAtha, 11. zreyAMsanAtha, 12. vAsupUjya, 13. vimalanAtha, 14. anaMtanAtha, 15. dharmanAtha, 16. zAMtinAtha, 17. kuMthunAtha, 18. arahanAtha, 19. mallinAtha, 20. munisuvratanAtha, 21. naminAtha, 22. neminAtha, 23. pArzvanAtha, 24. mahAvIra / ___ cakravartI : 1. bharata, 2. sagara, 3. maghavA, 4. sanatkumAra, 5. zAMti, 6. kuMthu, 7. ara, 8.subhauma, 9. padma, 10.hariSeNa, 11. jaya. 12. brhmdtt| vAsudeva : 1. tripRSTha, 2. dvipRSTha, 3. svayaMbhU , 4. puruSottama, 5. puruSasiMha, 6. puMDaroka, 7. datta, 8. lakSmaNa, 9. kRSNa / ' baladeva : 1. acala, 2. vijaya, 3. bhadra, 4. suprabha, 5. sudarzana, 6. AnaMda, 7. naMdana, 8. padma athavA rAma, 9 balarAma / prativAsudeva : 1. azvagrIva, 2. tAraka, 3. meraka, 4. madhu, 5. nizuMbha, 6. bali, 5. prahalAda, 8. rAvaNa, 9. magadhezvara jarAsaMdha / 1. hindI vizvakoza, khaMDa 7, pR0 248. 2. vahI, pR0 260-61. 3-6. abhidhAnacintAmaNi, zlo0 692-699.

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apabhraMza kathA: paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 209 jisa prakAra hinduoM meM purANa aura upapurANa haiM usI prakAra jainoM meM bhI purANa evaM mahApurANa mAne gaye haiM / jisa purANa meM eka zalAkA puruSa kA carita varNita hotA hai vaha purANa hai aura jisameM tresaTha zalAkA puruSoM kA carita varNita hotA hai vaha mahApurANa hai / purANa kA lakSaNa dete hue AcArya jinasena ( I0 san 8vIM zatI) likhate haiM ki jo purANa kA artha hai vahI dharma hai, yaha purANa pAMca prakAra kA hai-- kSetra, kAla, tIrtha, satpuruSa aura satpuruSa kA caritra : sa ca dharmaH purANArthaH purANaM paJcadhA viduH / 1 kSetra kAlazca tIrthaJca satpuMsastadviceSTitam // AcArya ne kSetra, kAla aura tIrthAdi ko alaga-alaga spaSTa kiyA hai / AkAza, martya aura pAtAla loka ke vinyAsa ko kSetra, bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna tIna kAla ke vistAra ko kAla; mokSaprApti ke upAya ko tIrtha kahate haiM aura tIrtha kA sevana karane vAle zalAkA puruSa kahalAte haiM : kSetraM trailokyavinyAsaH kAlastraikAlyavistaraH / muktyupAyo bhavettIrthaM puruSAstanniSeviNaH // AdipurANa meM purANa ke varNya para vicAra karate hue loka, deza, nagara, rAjya, tIrtha, dAna-tapa, gati aura phala ina ATha kA purANoM meM varNana Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai : ra loko dezaH puraM rAjyaM tIrthaM dAnatapo'nvayam / purANeSvaSTadhAkhyeyaM phalamityapi // 3 // gatayaH loka kA nAma kahanA, usakI vyutpatti batalAnA, pratyeka dizA tathA usake antarAloM kI lambAI, caur3AI Adi batalAnA, inake sivAya aura aneka bAtoM kA vistAra ke sAtha varNana karanA lokAkhyAna kahalAtA hai| loka ke kisI eka bhAga meM pahAr3a, dvIpa tathA samudra Adi kA vistArapUrvaka varNana karane ko jAnakAra samyagjJAnI dezAkhyAna kahate haiM / bhAratavarSa Adi kSetroM meM rAjadhAnI kA varNana karanA purANa jAnane vAle AcAryoM . ke mata se purAkhyAna kahalAtA hai / usa deza kA yaha bhAga amuka rAjA ke 1. AdipurANa, 2.38. 2. vahI, 2.39. 3. vahI, 4.3. 14

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- 210 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka adhIna hai athavA vaha nagara amuka rAjA kA hai ityAdi varNana karanA jainazAstroM meM rAjAkhyAna kahA gayA hai| jo isa apAra saMsAra se pAra kare use tIrtha kahate haiM, aisA tortha jinendra bhagavAn kA caritra hI ho sakatA hai ataH usakA kathana karane ko tIrthAkhyAna kahate haiM / jisa prakAra kA tapa aura dAna karane se jIvoM ko anupama phala kI prApti hotI ho usakA kathana karanA tapadAnakathA kahalAtI hai / narakAdi cAra gatiyoM kA kathana karane ko gatyAkhyAna kahate haiM / saMsArI jIvoM ko puNya-pApa kA jaisA phala milatA hai usakA mokSaprApti paryanta varNana karanA phalAkhyAna kahalAtA hai : lokoddezaniruktyAdivarNanaM / yatsavistaram / kAyAnaM tadAnAtaM vizodhitadigantaram // 4 // tadekadezadezAdvidvI pAdhyAviprapaJcanam dezAkhyAnaM tu tajjJeyaM tajjJaH saMjJAnalocanaiH // 5 // bharatAdiSu varSeSu rAjadhAnIprarUpaNam / purAkhyAnamitISTaM tat purAtanavidAM mate // 6 // amuSminnadhidezo'yaM nagaraJceti tatpateH / AkhyAnaM yattadAkhyAtaM rAjyAkhyAnaM jinAgame // 7 // saMsArAbdherapArasya taraNe tIrthamiSyate / ceSTitaM jinanAthAnAM tasyoktistIrthasaMkathA // 8 // yAddazaM syAttapodAnamanIdRzaguNodayam / kathanaM tAdRzasyAsya tapodAnakathocyate // 9 // narakAdi prabhedena catasro gatayo matAH / tAsAM saMkIrttanaM yaddhi gatyAkhyAnaM tadiSyate // 10 // puNyapApaphalAvAptirjantUnAM yAdRzI bhavet / tadAkhyAnaM phalAkhyAnaM tacca niHzreyasAvadhi // 11 // purANa ke varNya viSaya se usake kSetra kI vyApakatA para to prakAza par3atA hI hai, usase kathAkAvya ke kSetra kA bhI jJAna hotA hai / pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki hindU dharma kI taraha 18 purANa aura 18 upapurANoM kI saMkhyA jainoM meM nirdhArita nahIM hai, phira bhI unakA purANa- sAhitya saMskRta, 1.. vahI, 4. 4-11.

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___ apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 211 prAkRta, apabhraMza aura hindI taka meM vipularUpa se upalabdha hai / nIce jainoM ke purANa-sAhitya kI eka sUcI dI jA rahI hai : purANa kA nAma lekhaka samaya 1. padmapurANa-padmacarita raviSeNa 705 vi0 saM0 2. mahApurANa ( AdipurANa) jinasena navIM zatI 3. uttarapurANa guNabhadra 10vIM zatI 4. ajitapurANa aruNamaNi 1716 vi0 saM0 5. AdipurANa ( kannar3a) kavi paMpa 6. AdipurANa __ bhaTTAraka candrakIti 17vIM zatI 7. AdipurANa , sakalakIrti 15vIM zatI 8. uttarapurANa 9. karNAmatapurANa * . kezavasena 1688 vi0 saM0 10. jayakumArapurANa bra0 kAmarAja 1555 11. candraprabhapurANa kavi agAsadeva 12. cAmuNDapurANa cAmuNDarAya 980 zaka saM0 13. dharmanAthapurANa - kavi bAhubalI 14. neminAthapurANa bra0 nemidatta 15. padmanAbhapurANa bha0 zubhacandra 17vIM zatI 16. paumacariya ( apabhraMza) . caturmukhadeva anupalabdha .17. . , svayaMbhUdeva 18. padmapurANa bha0 somasena. 19. padmapurANa bha0 dharmakIrti 1656 20. padmapurANa ( apabhraMza ) kavi raidhU 15-16vIM zatI bha0 candrakIrti 17vIM zatI brahma jinadAsa 15-16vIM zatI 23. pANDavapurANa bha0 zubhacandra 1608 24. , ( apabhraMza) bha0 yazaHkoti 1497 25. , bha0 zrIbhUSaNa 1657 1. prastuta sUcI hindI vizvakoza, khaMDa 7, pR0 264-65 evaM jinasenakRta AdipurANa, prathama bhAga kI prastAvanA pR0 8-9 ke AdhAra para dI gaI hai| hindI vizvakoza ke anusAra kra0 saM0 16,17,27-30, 45--46, 48-52 apabhraMza bhASA meM likhita haiN| manAthapurANa

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30. , 36. " 212 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka purANa kA nAma lekhaka samaya 26. pANDavapurANa bha0 vAdicandra 27. pArzvapurANa ( apabhraMza) padmakIrti 999 28. , kavi raidhU 15-16vIM zatI 29. , candrakIrti . 1654 ... vAdicandra 1658 .. 31. mahApurANa AcArya malliSeNa 1104 .. 32. , (apabhraMza) mahAkavi puSpadaMta 33. mallinAthapurANa ( kannar3a) kavi nAgacandra 34. purANasAra zrIcandra 35. mahAvIrapurANa kavi asaga bha sakalakIti 15vIM zatI. 37. mallinAthapurANa 38. munisuvratapurANa brahma kRSNadAsa bha0 surendrakIti 40. vAgarthasaMgrahapurANa kavi parameSThI jinasena se pUrva 41. zAntinAthapurANa kavi asaga. 10vIM zatI . bha0 zrIbhUSaNa ' 1659 43. zrIpurANa bha0 guNabhadra 44. harivaMzapurANa pannATasaMghIya jinasena 705 zaka saM0 45. harivaMzapurANa ( apabhraMza) svayaMbhUdeva caturmukhadeva bra0 jinadAsa 15-16vIM zatI ( apabhraMza) bha0 yazaHkIti 1507 bha0 zrutakIrti 1552 kavi raidhU 15-16vIM zatI bha0 dharmakIrti 1671 / kavi rAmacandra 1560 se pUrva ____ uparyukta purANoM kI sUcI meM bAraha purANa apabhraMza bhASA meM likhita haiM / vAstava meM purANoM kI racanA dharma se sambandhita hai parantu dharma kathAsAhitya meM koI pratyavAya upasthita nahIM krtaa| jainoM ke purANa-sAhitya 49. // // 51. "

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apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 213 ke atirikta unakA saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza kA kathA-sAhitya dhArmika koTi meM DAlakara bahuta pahale bahiSkRta kiyA jA cukA thaa| vizeSarUpa se yahA~ apabhraMza racanAoM kI carcA karanA Avazyaka hai| apabhraMza sAhitya kI prApta racanAoM meM se adhikatama racanAe~ jaina kaviyoMlekhakoM dvArA likhI gaI haiN| unakA viSaya bhI jaina zalAkA puruSoM kI kathA athavA anya jaina kathAoM se sambandhita hotA hai| yadyapi jaina kathAoM ke nAyakoM ko jaina siddhAntoM kA pAlana karate hue mokSa prAptyartha dIkSita hote dikhAyA gayA hai tathApi ina kathAoM meM zRMgArikatA evaM vyAvahArika pakSa kisI bAta meM kama dikhAI nahIM pdd'taa| sAdhAraNatayA jaina sAhitya meM jainadharma kA hI zAnta vAtAvaraNa vyApta hai, santa ke hRdaya meM zRMgAra kaisA ? DA0 rAmakumAra varmA ke isa kathana para DA0 zivaprasAda siMha kI TippaNo vivekapUrNa aura yathArtha hai-'jaina kAvya meM zAnti yA zama kI pradhAnatA hai avazya kintu vaha Arambha nahIM, pariNati hai / saMbhavataH pUre jIvana ko zama yA virakti kA kSetra banA denA prakRti kA virodha hai / jaina kavi ise acchI taraha jAnatA hai isIlie usane zama yA virakti ko uddezya ke rUpa meM mAnate hue bhI sAMsArika vaibhava, rUpa, vilAsa aura kAmAsakti kA citraNa bhI pUre yathArtha ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai| isa TippaNI kA prathama vAkya atyadhika mArmika aura jaina sAhitya kI sampUrNa vyAkhyA ke lie eka tathya hai| asala meM jo loga sirpha itanA jAnate haiM ki jainadharma nivRtti mArga kA poSaka hai ve hI jainadharma kI apUrNa jAna.kArI hone ke kAraNa dharma evaM sAhitya para aneka doSAropaNa thopate haiN| * jaina sAhitya ke adhyayana se patA calatA hai ki usameM bhAratIya kalA, vidyA evaM anya loka pakSa athavA paraloka pakSa Adi viSayoM ke antargata ..eka vyavasthita adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jainoM ke yahA~ jIvana ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai : 1. manidharma aura 2. ghsthdhrm| inhIM donoM dhArAoM kI chApa unake sAhitya para par3atI hai| 'manidharma ke dvArA eka aise varga kI sthApanA kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai jo sarvathA niHsvArtha, niHspaha aura nirIha hokara vItarAga bhAva se apane va dUsaroM ke kalyANa meM hI apanA samasta samaya va zakti lgaave| sAtha hI gRhasthadharma kI 1. DA0 rAmakumAra varmA, hindI sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR.100. 2. DA0 zivaprasAda siMha, sUrapUrva brajabhASA aura usakA sAhitya, pR0 282.

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214 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka vyavasthAoM dvArA una saba pravRttiyoM ko yathocita sthAna diyA gayA hai jinake dvArA manuSya sabhya aura ziSTa banakara apanI, apane kuTumba kI, tathA samAja va deza kI sevA karatA huA unheM unnata banA sake / ' apabhraMza kAvyoM meM laukika Ananda kI dRSTi se eka ora zRMgArika pakSa kA camatkAra milegA to dUsarI ora saMyama kI yathArthatA kA bayAna bhii| pATaliputra meM muni sthUlabhadra cAturmAsa kara rahe the| nagara kI eka ramaNI vezyA una para anurakta ho gii| vezyA ko apane rUpa kA garva thA ataH vaha muni ko rijhAne cala pdd'ii| usa vezyA kA rUpa apabhraMza kavi ko lekhanI meM dekhiye : kannajuyala jasu sahalahaMta kira mayaNa hiMDolA caMcala capala taraMga caMga jasu nayaNa kacolA sohai jAsu kapola pAli jaNu mAli masUrA komala vimala sukaMTha jAsu vAjai sakhaMtUrA tuMga payohara ullasai siMgAra thapakkA kusuma vANa niya amiya kuMbha phira thApaNa mukkaa|| - arthAt prakampita karNayugala mAno kAmadeva ke hiMDole the, caMcala UrmiyoM se ApUrita nayana kanole, sundara viSaile phUla kI taraha praphullita kapola-pAli, zaMkha kI taraha suDola sucikkaNa nirmala kaMTha-usake uroja zrRMgAra ke stavaka the, mAno puSpadhanvA kAmadeva ne vizvavijaya ke lie amRta kumbha kI sthApanA kI thii| isa suramya sundarI kA rUpa bhI munivara ke saMyama ko DigAne ke lie nAkAphI rhaa| kyoMki unhoMne siddhirUpI ramaNI se pariNaya kara liyA thA tathA ve saMyama zrI ke bhoga meM lIna ho cuke the : munivai jaMpai vesa siddhi ramaNI prinnevaa| manu lInau saMyama siri soM bhoga rmevaa||' 1. DA0 hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR0 283. 84. 2. DA0 zivaprasAda siMha, sUrapUrva brajabhASA aura usakA sAhitya,. pR0 283 * se uddhRta. 3. vahI.. . . ..

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.. apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 215 anyatra bhI aise anekAneka uddharaNoM se apabhraMza kAvya bhare par3e haiM / apabhraMza bhASA ke utkRSTa kavi svayaMbhU aura puSpadaMta Adi kaviyoM kI sAhitya-samAja ko bahuta bar3I dena hai| isIlie rAhula jI ne svayaMbhU kA mUlyAMkana ina zabdoM meM kiyA : hindI kavitA ke pAMcoM yugoM-siddha sAmanta yuga, sUpho yuga, bhakta yuga, darabArI yuga aura navajAgaraNa yuga ke jitane bhI kaviyoM ko hamane yahA~ saMgrahIta kiyA hai, unameM yaha niHsaMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai ki svayaMbhU sabase bar3A kavi thaa|' itane se bhI jaba mahApaMDita rAhula jI ko saMtoSa nahIM hotA to ve kahate haiM ki 'rAma ke hAthoM mukti pAne vAloM kA jaba hamAre deza meM nAma bhI nahIM raha jAyegA, taba bhI tulasI kI kadra hogI, svayaMbhU ke jainadharma kA astitva bhI na rahane para vaha nAstika bhArata kA mahAn kavi rhegaa| usakI vANI meM hamezA vaha zakti rahegI ki kahIM apane pAThakoM ko harSotphulla kara de, kahIM zarIra ko romAMcita kara de aura kahIM A~khoM ko bhIgane ke liye majabUra kara de| ___ ukta vidvAnoM ke niSpakSa vaktavyoM se apabhraMza sAhitya ko prakAza meM lAne kI preraNA logoM ko milii| Aja apabhraMza sAhitya kI pratiSThA hindI ke Adi srota ke rUpa meM ho cukI hai| yadi jainetara kahAniyoM kI dhArmika racanAe~ kathA-koTi meM rakhI jA sakatI haiM to nyAyocita yahI hai ki hameM pakSapAtarahita hokara apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM kI dhArmika racanAoM para vicAra karanA cAhiye / kathAsaritsAgara kathAkAvya hai parantu vaha bhI dhArmika uddezyapUrNa hai| isakI puSTi DA0 satyendra ke kathana se hogI'kathAsaritsAgara kI bhA~ti ke aneka grantha bhAratIya sAhitya meM milate haiM aura inameM se adhikAMza dhArmika uddezyanihita haiN| kathAsaritsAgara bhI sAmpradAyika bhAvanA se mukta nahIM hai / zaiva aura zAkta bhAvanAoM kA isameM prAdhAnya hai| ziva aura devI kI pUjA aura bali, inake diye varadAna tathA vidyAdharatva prApta karanA ye sabhI sAmpradAyika dRSTi kI puSTi karate haiN| aisI hI vilakSaNa divyatApUrNa kahAniyA~ jainiyoM ke sAhitya meM milatI haiN| kathAsaritsAgara ke vidyAdhara-vidyAdhariyA~ Adi ziva-parikara ke haiM, jina-parikara ke nhiiN| isa prakAra ke bandhana yadi svIkAra kiye 1. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, hiMdI kAvyadhArA, prayAga, 1954, pR0 50. 2. vahI, pR0 54. 3. DA0 satyendra, madhyayugIna hindI sAhitya kA lokatAtvika adhyayana, pR0 161.

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216 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka jAyeMge taba to mahAkavi tulasIdAsakRta rAmacaritamAnasa bhI sAmpradAyika zreNI meM rakhA jaayegaa| jabaki tulasI bAbA svayaM use 'kathA' kahate haiN| AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI dhArmika preraNA ko kAvyatva meM bAdhaka nahIM mAnate / unake mata se 'idhara kucha aisI manobhAvanA dikhAI par3ane lagI hai ki dhArmika racanAeM sAhitya meM vivecya nahIM haiN| kabhI-kabhI zukla jI ke mata ko bhI isa mata ke samarthana meM uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai| mujhe yaha bAta ucita nahIM mAlUma hotii| dhArmika preraNA yA AdhyAtmika upadeza honA kAvyatva kA bAdhaka nahIM samajhA jAnA caahiye|'' . ___ina tathyoM ke AdhAra para kathAkAvya kI vyApakatA kI puSTi hotI hai / . sAtha hI yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki kathAkAvya ke antargata rAsa, carita, vilAsa, purANa ke atirikta dharmakathAoM tathA kathAtmaka kAvyoM kA bhI samAveza kiyA jAnA caahiye| apabhraMza kathA-sAhitya meM zalAkA puruSoM kI kathA ke atirikta dhArmika vrata, anuSThAna aura vidhAnAdi sambandhI racanAe~ bhI 'kathA' saMjJaka upalabdha haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa nayanaMdikRta sakalavidhividhAnakahA (vi0 saM0 1100 ), raidhUkRtaM puNNAsavakahAkoso, bAlacandrakRta sugaMdhadahamIkahA evaM NiddahasattamIkahA, yazaHkIrti kI jiNarattivihANakahA va ravivayakahA kA nAmollekha kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra apabhraMza kathA-sAhitya ko vrata-kathAkAvya, purANa, carita Adi kathAkAvyoM se bharapUra pAte haiN| ___ apabhraMza evaM prAkRta meM kathA ke lakSaNa, bheda evaM upabhedoM para yatra-tatra kathAgranthoM, koSoM tathA anya dhArmika granthoM meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| prAkRta grantha dazavaikAlika meM kathAe~ cAra prakAra kI batAI gaI haiM-arthakathA, kAmakathA, dharmakathA aura mizritakathA / atthakahA kAmakahA dhammakahA ceva mIsiyA ya khaa| etto ekkekkAvi ya NegavihA hoi nAyavvA // 188 // 2 ina kathAoM ke bhI upabheda hote haiM / sabakA ullekha karanA yahA~ prAsaMgika nahIM hai| arthakathA kA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai : 1. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, pR0 11. 2: dazavaikAlika, pR0 212.

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apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 217 vijjAsippamuvAo aNiveo saMcao ya dakkhattaM / sAmaM daMDo bheo uvappayANaM ca atthakahA // 189 // ' arthAt vidyA, zilpa, upAya, sAma, daMDa aura bheda kA jisa kathA meM varNana ho vaha arthakathA hai| mUlataH arthakathAoM meM arthasambandhI athavA arthopArjanasambandhI bAtoM kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| ataeva use arthakathA saMjJA se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| kAmakathA kA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai-rUpa, avasthA, veza, dAkSiNya, zikSA Adi viSayoM kI evaM kalA-zikSA kI dRSTi, zruti, anubhUti aura saMstuti kAmakathA hai| . rUvaM vao ya veso dakkhattaM sikkhiyaM ca bisesuN| diLaM suyamaNubhUyaM ca saMthavo ceva kAmakahA // 192 // dazavaikAlika meM dharmakathA AkSepiNI, vikSepiNI, saMveginI aura nirvedinI cAra prakAra kI kahI gaI hai| AkSepiNI kathA meM AcAra, vyavahAra, prajJapti aura dRSTivAda ye cAra bAteM mukhyatayA hotI haiM : dhammakahAM boddhavvA caunvihA dhorpurispnntaa| ___akkhevaNi vikkhevaNi saMvege ceva nivvee // AyAre vavahAre pannattI ceva diTThIvAe y| esA caunvihA khalu kahA u akkhevaNI hoi // 194-195 // vikSepiNI kathA cAra prakAra kI hotI hai-apane zAstra ke kathano. parAnta parazAstra kA kathana karanA, parazAstra ke kathanoparAnta apane zAstra kA kathana, mithyAtva kA varNana karake samyaktva kA kathana, aura samyaktva .kA vivecana karake mithyAtva kA varNana krnaa| - vikkhevaNI sA caunvihA paNNattA, taMjahA-sasamayaM kahettA parasamayaM kahei, parasamayaM kahettA sasamayaM kahei, micchAvAdaM kahettA sammAvAdaM kahei, sammAvAdaM kahettA micchAvAyaM kahei // 1. vahI. 2. vahI, pR0 218. 3. vahI, pR0 216. 4. dazavakAlika-sUtra : haribhadravRtti, ma0ma0 priMTiMga varksa, pR0 221.

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218 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka isI prakAra saMveginI kathA AtmazarIra saMveginI, parazarIra saMveginI, ihaloka saMveginI aura paraloka saMveginI ke bheda se cAra prakAra kI hotI hai| zukra, zoNita, mAMsa, vasA, medA, asthi, snAyu, carma, keza, roma, nAka, danta Adi saMghAtasvarUpa malamatrayukta apane zarIra kI azucitA kA varNana kara virakti utpanna karanA AtmazarIra saMveginI. kathA hai| isI prakAra dUsare vyakti ke zarIra kI ( ukta padArthoM dvArA) azucitA kA varNana karanA parasaMveginI kathA hai| saMsAra ko asAratA kA varNana karake virakti kA kathana loka saMveginI kathA ke antargata AtA hai| devAdi bhI kaSAyoM vaza durgati ko pAte haiM-isa prakAra ke kathana se vairAgya kI prabhAvazAlI vyAkhyA paraloka saMveginI kathA hai : : : AyaparasarIragayA ihaloe ceva tahaya prloe| . esA caunvihA khalu kahA* u saMveyaNI hoi // vIriyaviuvvaNiDhDhI nANacaraNadasaNANa taha iddddhii| uvaissai khalu jahiyaM kahAi saMveyIi rso||' taMjahA-AyasarIrasaMveyaNI parasarIrasaMveyaNI ihaloyasaMveyaNI paraloyasaMveyaNI, tattha AyasarIrasaMveyaNI jahA jameyaM amhaccayaM sarIrayaM evaM sukkasoNiyamaMsavasAmedamajjaThiNhAracammakesaromaNahavaMtaaMtAdi* saMghAyaNipphaNNataNeNa"""esA paraloyasaMveyaNI gayatti / 2 / udyotanasUri ne bhI dharmakathA ke AkSepiNI, vikSepiNI, saMvedinI aura nirvedinI cAra bhAga kiye haiN| AkSepiNI manonukUla tathA vikSepiNI mana ke pratikUla hotI hai| saMvedinI jJAnotpatti kA kAraNa banatI hai aura nirvedinI se vairAgyotpatti hotI hai : tattha akkhevaNI maNoNukUlA, vikkhevaNI maNo-paDikUlA, saMvega-jaNaNI NANuppatti-kAraNaM, Nivveya-jaNaNI uNa verguppttii| bhaNiyaM ca guruNA suhmm-saaminnaa| akkhevaNi akkhittA purisA vikkhevaNIe vikkhittaa| saMveyaNi saMviggA NiviNNA taha cautthIe // 1. vahI, pR0 219. 2. vahI, pR0 223-24. . 3. udyotanasUri, kuvalayamAlA, pR0 4.

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apabhraMza kathA: paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 219 dhArmika kathAntargata nirvedinI kathA pApAcaraNa se chuTakArA dilAne ke lie kahI jAtI hai / isake cAra bheda haiM / prathama prakAra kI nirvedinI kathAeM ve hotI haiM jo isa loka meM kie gae durAcaraNoM kA phala isI loka meM pAne kA kathana karake vyakti meM vairAgyotpAdana karatI haiM / isa janma ke kiye gaye kAryakalApoM kA phala janmajanmAntaroM taka bhoganA par3atA hai, isakA kathana karake vyakti meM nirveda utpanna karanevAlI kathA dUsarA prakAra hai / isI prakAra paralokasambandhI kriyAkalApoM kA sarasa varNana karane vAlI nirvedino kathA tIsarA prakAra hai / caturtha prakAra sahita nirvedinI kathAeM sarasa DhaMga se vyakti ko vairAgyonmukha karane meM sahAyaka hotI haiN| isa kathA kA dazavaikAlika meM nimnalikhita svarUpa hai : pAvANaM kammANaM asubhavivAgo kahijjae jattha / iyaM paratthaya loe kahA u NivveyaNI nAma // thopi pamAyakayaM kammaM sAhijjaI jahi niyamA / parAsuhapariNAmaM kahAi nivveyaNIi raso // 1 dazavaikAlika meM kathA ke jo cAra prakAra batAe haiM unameM cauthI mizrita kathA hotI hai / mizrita kathA meM dharma, artha, kAma ina tInoM prakAra kI kathAoM kA mizrita rUpa hotA hai / jisa kathA meM kisI eka puruSArtha kI pradhAnatA na hokara tInoM hI puruSArthoM ke varNana meM samAnatA rahe vaha mizrakathA kahalAtI hai : sA punaH 'mizrA' mizrAnAma saMkIrNa puruSArthAbhidhAnAt / ' haribhadrasUri ne 'samarAiccakahA' meM ukta cAra prakAra kI hI kathAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - ettha sAmannao cattAri kahAo havanti / taM jahA / atthakahA, kAmakahA, dhanmakahA, saMkiNNakahA ya / ina kathAoM ke alaga. alaga lakSaNa bhI diye gaye haiM / arthakathA aura kAmakathA ke lakSaNa lagabhaga dazavaikAlika grantha ke lakSaNoM ke samAna hI haiN| haribhadrasUri ke 1. dazavaikAlika, pR0 219. 2. dazavaikAlika sUtra : haribhadravRtti, pR0 228. 3. samarAiccakahA, saMpA0 ema0 sI0 modI, bhAga 2, pR0 2. 4. tattha atthakahA nAma - jA atthovAyANapaDibaddhA asimasikasivANijjasippa saMgayA vicittadhAUvAyAipamuhamahovAyasaMpauttA sAmabheya uvappayANadaNDAitthaviraiyA, sA atthakaha tti bhaNai / jA uNa kAmovAyANavisayA vittavapuvvayakalAdakkhiNa parigayA aNurAyapulaiyapaDivattijoyasArA dUIvAvAramiyabhAvANuvattaNAipayatya saMgayA, sA kAma kaha tti bhaNai / - vahI, pR02 - 3.

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220 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka anusAra dharmakathA vaha hai jisameM kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, mukti, tapa, saMyama, satya, zauca, AkiMcanya, brahmacarya, aNuvrata, divrata, dezavrata, anarthadaNDavrata, sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa, bhoga- paribhoga, atithisaMvibhAga, anukampA tathA akAma nirjarA ke sAdhanoM kA pracuratA se varNana ho : jA uNa dhammovAyANagoyarA khamAmaddavajjavamuttitavasaMjamasacca soyAciNabhacerapahANA aNuvvayadi sidesANatthadaNDaviraIsAmAiyaposahovayAsova bhogaparibhogAtihisaMvibhAgakaliyA aNukampAkAmanijjarAipayatthasaMpauttA, sA dhammakaha tti / " fareer dharma, artha aura kAma trivargoM kA kathana karane vAlI tathA udAharaNa, hetu aura kAraNoM se puSTa hotI hai : jA uNa tivaggovAyANa saMbaddhA haar kahAganthatthavittha ravi raiyA loiyaveyasamayapasiddhA jyAharaNaheukAraNovaveyA, sA saMkiNNa kaha i vuccai | AcArya jinasena ne kathA ke saddharmakathA yA satkathA evaM vikathA ye do bheda mAne haiN| unakA kathana hai ki mokSa puruSArtha ke lie upayogI hone se dharma, artha tathA kAma kA kathana karanA kathA kahalAtI hai / jisameM dharma kA vizeSa nirUpaNa hotA hai use buddhimAn satkathA kahate haiM / dharma ke phalasvarUpa jina abhyudayoM kI prApti hotI hai unameM artha aura kAma bhI mukhya haiM ataH dharma kA phala dikhAne ke lie artha aura kAma kA varNana karanA bhI kathA kahalAtI hai / yadi yaha artha aura kAma kI kathA dharmakathA se rahita ho to vikathA hI kahalAyegI jo mAtra pApAzrava kA kAraNa hotI hai| jisase jIvoM ko svargAdi abhyudaya tathA mokSa kI prApti ho jAtI hai vAstava meM vahI dharma kahalAtA hai, usase sambandha rakhane vAlI kathA ko saddharmakathA kahate haiM : puruSArthopayogitvAttrivargakathanaM kathA / tatrApi satkathAM dharmyAmAmananti manISiNaH // 118 // tatphalAbhyudayAGgatvAdarthakAmakathA kathA | farthaivAsAva puNyAtrava kAraNam // 119 // anyathA 1. vahI, pR0 3. 2 . vahI.

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apabhraMza kathA: paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 221 1 1 yato'bhyudayaniHzreyasArthasaMsiddhiraJjasA saddharmastannibaddhA yA sA saddharmakathA smRtA // 120 // saddharmakathA ke dravya, kSetra, tIrtha, kAla, bhAva, mahAphala aura prakRta ye sAta aMga hote haiM / jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ye cha: dravya haiM; Urdhva, madhya aura pAtAla ye tIna loka kSetra haiM / jinendra deva kA caritra hI tIrtha hai; bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna tIna prakAra ke kAla haiM; kSAyopazamika athavA kSAyika ye do bhAva haiM; tattvajJAna kA honA phala kahalAtA hai ora varNanIya kathAvastu ko prakRta kahate haiM / ukta sAta aMga jisa kathA meM pAye jAyeM use satkathA kahate haiM : dravya kSetra tathA tIrthaM kAlo bhAvaH phalaM mahat / prakRtaM cetyamUnyAhuH saptAGgAni kathAmukhe // 122 // dravya jIvAdi SoDhA syAtkSetraM tribhuvanasthitiH / jinendracaritaM tIrthaM kAlastredhA prakIrtitaH // 123 // prakRtaM syAt kathAvastu phalaM tattvAvabodhanam / bhAvaH kSayopazamajastasya syAtkSAyiko'thavA // 124 // ityamUni kathAGgAni yatra sA satkathA matA / yathAvasaramevaiSAM prapaJco darzayate // 125 // 2 kathA ke lakSaNoM ke sAtha-sAtha hI ina AcAryoM ne vaktA aura zrotA "ke lakSaNa bhI batAye haiN| kathA kA vistAra na to adhika ho aura na ati saMkSepa ho to vaha kathA mahAn artha vAlI kathA hotI hai : mahArthApi kathA apariklezabahulA kathayitavyA / udyotanasUri ne kathA ke pAMca bheda svIkAra kiye haiM: sakalakathA, 'khaMDakathA, ullApakathA, parihAsakathA aura saMkIrNakathA - tAo puNa paMca 'kahAo / taM jahA / sayalakahA, khaMDakahA, ullAvakahA, parihAsakahA, tahA varA kahiyati saMkiNa kahatti / 1. jinasena, AdipurANa, pR0 18. 2. vhI. 3. vahI, pR0 18 - 20. 4. dazavaikAlika sUtra : haribhadravRtti, pR0 230. 5. udyotanasUri, kuvalayamAlA, pR0 4.

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222 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka ___ AcArya hemacandra ne kAvyAnuzAsana meM kathAoM ke 1. kathA, 2. upAkhyAna, 3. AkhyAna, 4. nidarzana, 5. pravalhikA, 6. manthallikA, 7. maNikulyA, 8. parikathA, 9. khaMDakathA, 10. sakalakathA, 11. upakathA, 12. bRhatkathA ke bheda se 12 bheda ginAe haiN| unakA kathana hai ki dhIra-prazAnta nAyaka dvArA samasta bhASAoM meM gadya athavA padya meM apanA vRttAnta likhA jAnA kathA hai| dhIra-prazAnta nAyaka ko anya kavi dvArA koI gadyamaya racanA jaise kAdambarI, koI padyamaya racanA jaise lIlAvatI kathA hai aura samasta bhASAoM meM koI saMskRta, koI prAkRta, koI mAgadhI, zaurasenI, paizAcI athavA koI apabhraMza bhASA meM nibaddha vRttAMta kathA hai| kisI prabandha meM prabodhanArtha udAharaNasvarUpa jo kathA Aye vaha upAkhyAna hai, jaise nalopAkhyAna | AkhyAna abhinaya, paThana, gAyana ke rUpa meM granthika dvArA kahA gayA hotA hai-jaise govindAkhyAna / jahA~ aneka prakAra kI ceSTAoM dvArA kArya-akArya, ucita-anucita kA nizcaya kiyA jAya aura jisake pAtra dhUrta, viTa, kuTTino, mayUra aura mArjArAdi hoM, vahA~ nidarzana hotA hai, jaise--paMcatantra / jahA~ do vivAdoM meM eka kI pradhAnatA dikhAyI jAya aura jo ardha-prAkRta meM racI gaI ho vaha pravalhikA hai, jaise-ceTaka / preta mahArASTro bhASA meM likhI gaI kSudrakathA ko manthallikA kahate haiM, jaise--anNgvtii| jisameM purohita, amAtya, tApasI Adi kA prArabdhanirvAha meM varNana ho vaha bho manthallikA hai / jisameM vastu kA pUrva meM prakAzana na hokara bAda meM ho, vaha maNikulyA hai, jaise-mtsyhsit| dharma, artha, kAmAdi puruSArthoM meM se kisI eka puruSArtha ko uddezya kara likhI gaI kathA jo aneka vRttAnta, varNana pradhAna ho vaha parikathA kahalAtI hai, jaise-zUdraka / jisakA mukhya itivRtta racanA ke madhya yA anta ke samIpa vaNita ho, vaha khaNDakathA hai, jaise-indumtii| aisA itivRtta jisake anta meM samasta phaloM kI siddhi ho jAya vaha sakalakathA hai, jaise-samarAditya / prasiddha kathA ke antargata kisI eka pAtra ke Azraya se upanibaMdhita kathA upakathA hotI hai| lambha cihna se aMkita, adbhuta artha vAlI kathA bRhatkathA kahalAtI hai, jaise-naravAhanadattacaritAdi : dhorazAntanAyakA gadyena padyena vA sarvabhASA kathA / a08, s08|| AkhyAyikAvanna svacaritavyAvarNako'pi tu dhIrazAnto nAyakaH, tasya tu vRttamanyena kavinA vA yatra varNote, yA ca kAcid gadyamayI yathA

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apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 223 kAdambarI, kAcitpadyamayI yathA lIlAvatI, yA ca sarvabhASA kAcit 'saMskRtena kAcit prAkRtena kAcinmAgadhyA kAcicchUrasenyA kAcit pizAcyA kAcidapabhraMzena badhyate sA kthaa| prabandhamadhye parabodhanArtha nalAdhupAkhyAnamivopAkhyAnamabhinayan paThan gAyan yadeko granthikaH kathayati tadgovindavadAkhyAnam / tirazcAmatirazcAM vA ceSTAbhiryatra kAryamakAe~ vA nizcIyate tatpaJcatantrAdivat, dhUrtaviTakuTTanImatamayUramArjArikAdivacca nidrshnm| (pR0 463 ) pradhAnamadhikRtya yatra dvayovivAdaH sArdhaprAkRtaracitA ceTakAdivat prvaahnikaa| pretamahArASTrabhASayA kSudrakathA gorocnaa-annggvtyaadivnmnthllikaa| yasyAM purohitAmAtyatApasAdInAM prArabdhanirvAha upahAsaH sApi mantha llikaa| __yasyAM pUrva vastu na lakSyate pazcAttu prakAzyate sA mtsyhsitaadivnmnnikulyaa| ekaM dharmAdipuruSArthamuddizya prakAravaicitryeNAnantavRttAntavarNanapradhAnA zUdrakAdivat prikthaa| (pR0 464) : madhyAdupAntato vA granthAntaraprasiddhamitivRttaM yasyAM varNote sA indu.. matyAdivat khnnddkthaa| samastaphalAntetivRttavarNanA samarAdityAdivat * sklkthaa| ekataracaritAtrayeNa prasiddhakathAntaropanibandha upkthaa| lambhAGkitAmRtArthA naravAhanadattAdicaritavad bRhatkathA / ete ca kathAprabhedA eveti na pRthglkssitaaH|| (pR0 465) upAkhyAnamiti / yadAha nalasAvitrISoDazarAjopakhyAnavatprabandhAntaH / anyaprabodhanAthaM yadupAkhyAtaM yupAkhyAnam // AkhyAnamiti / tathA cAha AkhyAnakasaMjJAM tallabhate yadyabhinayan paThan gAyan / pranthika ekaH kathayati govindavadavahite sadasi //

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224 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka nidarzanamiti / tathA ca nizcIyate tirazcAmatirazcAM vApi yatra ceSTAbhiH / kArgamakArga vA tannidarzanaM pnyctntraadiH|| (pR0 463 ) dhUrtaviTakuTTanImatamayUramArjArikAdi yalloke / kAryAkAryanirUpaNarUpamiha nidarzanaM tdpi|| pravaliketi / tathA ca yatra dvayovivAdaH pradhAnamadhikRtya jAyate sadasi / sArdhaprAkRtaracitA pravahnikA ceTakaprabhRtiH // manthalliketi / tathA ca kSudrakathA manthallo pretamahArASTrabhASayA bhavati / gorocaneva kAryA sAnaGgavatIva vA kavibhiH // sApoti / tathA ca yasyAmupahAsaH syAtpurohitAmAtyatApasAdInAm / prArabdhanirvAhe sApi hi manthallikA bhavati // maNikulyeti / tathA ca maNikulyAyAM jalamiva na lakSyate tatra pUrvato vastu / pazcAtprakAzate sA maNikulyA matsyahasitAdiH // parikatheti / tathA ca- . paryAyeNa bahUnAM yatra pratiyoginAM kathAH kushlaiH| . zrUyante zUdrakavajjigISubhiH parikathA sA tu|| ___(pR0 464 ) khaNDakatheti / tathA ca granthAMtaraprasiddhaM yasyAmitivRttamucyate vibudhaiH / madhyAdupAntato vA sA khaNDakathA ythendumtii|| sakalakatheti / caritamityarthaH / upakatheti / tathA ca yatrAzritya kathAntaramatiprasiddhaM nibadhyate kavibhiH / caritaM vicitramanyatsopakathA citrlekhaadiH|| .

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apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 225 bRhatkatheti / tathA ca lambhAGkitAmRtArthA pizAcabhASAmayI mhaavissyaa| naravAhanadattAdezcaritamiva bRhatkathA bhavati // . ( pR0 465 ) kautUhala kavi ne lIlAvaIkahA ko divyamAnuSI kathA kahA hai / divyamAnuSI kathA pAThakoM ko AkarSita karatI hai| apanI kathA ke sandarbha meM kavi kahatA hai ki usakI patnI ne usase kahA ki vaha mugdha yuvatiyoM ke lie prAkRta bhASA meM, jisameM dezI zabda. bhI hoM, eka divyamAnuSI kathA kahe : emeyamuddha-juyaI-maNoharaM pAyayAe bhAsAe / pavirala-desi-sulakkhaM kahasu kahaM divva-mANusiyaM // taM taha soUNa puNo bhaNiyaM ubbiba-bAla-hariNacchi / jai evaM tA suvvau susaMdhi-baMdhaM kahA-vatthu // ' aura kavi kautUhala trasta bAlahariNo ke samAna netravAlI apanI patnI ke Agraha ko svIkAra kara divyamAnuSI lIlAvatIkathA kI racanA kara dete haiN| unhoMne Age saMskRta, prAkRta aura mizra bhASA meM racI jAne . vAlI kathAoM kA bhI saMdarbha diyA hai arthAt ise unake anusAra bhASA . ke AdhAra para kathAoM kA bheda mAnA jA sakatA hai : .. . aNNaM sakkaya-pAyaya-saMkiNNa-vihA suvnnnn-riyaao| suvvaMti mahA-kaha-puMgavehi vivihAu sukhaao|| arthAt saMskRta, prAkRta evaM mizra bhASA meM sundara zabdAvalI meM racita . mahAkaviyoM kI vividha kathAe~ sunI jAtI haiN| .. mukhyataH prAkRta-apabhraMza kA adhikatama bhAga jaina sAhityAntargata hai| * Age jina apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke viSaya meM vizada vicAra kareMge ve bhI ukta sAhitya meM se hI hoNge| DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne jaina kathA-sAhitya ko pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai : 1. lIlAvaIkahA, pR0 11. 2. vahI, pR0 10. 3. bRhatkathAkoza kI prastAvanA, pR0 35.

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226 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka 1. prabandha kAvya ke rUpa meM zalAkA puruSoM ke carita / 2. zalAkA puruSoM meM se kisI eka kA vistRta carita / 3. romANTika dhrmkthaaeN| 4. ardha-aitihAsika prabandha kathAeM / 5. upadezaprada kathAoM ke saMgraha-kathAkoza / DA0 upAdhye ne yaha vargIkaraNa samagra jaina kathA-sAhitya ko daSTi meM rakhakara prastuta kiyA hai kintu yahI vargIkaraNa apabhraMza kathA-sAhitya para bhI pUrNataH lAgU ho sakatA hai| vizeSa draSTavya yaha hai ki apabhraMza racanAkAroM ne mizrita athavA mizrakathA ko pradhAnatA do athavA yoM kaheM ki apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM meM mizra DhaMga kI kathAeM adhika haiN| prAkRta kathAsAhitya meM samarAiccakahA ko haribhradra ne dharmakathA mAnA hai parantu jaba hama unhIM ke batAe mizrakathA ke lakSaNoM kI kasauTI para isa kathA ko . kasate haiM to yaha mizrakathA hI ThaharatI hai|' kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki laukika evaM pAralaukika donoM hI dRSTiyoM se mizrakathAko prazaMsA kI jA sakatI hai| isakA eka kAraNa yaha hai ki isa prakAra kI kathA meM lekhaka ko pAtroM ko abhivyaktiyoM athavA isake misa apane anubhavoM ko abhivyakta karane kA avasara rahatA hai| apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke adhyayana se yaha bAta aura bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai| apabhraMza kI jina racanAoM ko hamane kathAkAvyoM ko koTi meM svIkAra kiyA hai unake kathAnakoM ko saMkSipta rUpa meM yahA~ prastuta kreNge| ina kathAnakoM se jahA~ hama.eka ora ( unameM varNita viSayoM ke AdhAra para ) unako kathAtmakatA se paricita hoMge vahIM dUsarI ora hameM hindI premAkhyAnakoM para unake prabhAva ko bAta ko samIkSAtmaka dRSTikoNa se vicAra karane kA avasara bhI milegaa| lIlAvaIkahA isa kathA ke racanAkAra kavi koLahala ( kautUhala ) haiN| grantha kI racanA I0 san AThavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga huii| kautUhala ne apane vaMza 1. samarAiccakahA, pR0 2. 2. DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye dvArA saMpAdita, siMghI jaina graM0 bambaI se 1949 I0 meM prakAzita. 3. DA. jagadIzacandra jaina, prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pa0 529. .

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apabhraMza kathA: paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 227 kA paricaya diyA hai| inake pitAmaha bahulAditya prakANDa paNDita the / ataH pANDitya inheM virAsata meM milaa| isa kathA ko kavi ne 'divyamAnuSI' kahA / ' apanI patnI kI vinatI para kavi ne 'marahaTTa - desibhAsA' meM isakI racanA kI / mUlataH yaha racanA apabhraMza bhASA kI nahIM hai| tathApi eka mahattvapUrNa premakathA hone ke kAraNa yahA~ isakA ullekha karanA Avazyaka samajhA gayA hai| dUsarI pramukha bAta yaha hai ki ise saMskRta kI kAdambarI ke Takkara kI racanA ghoSita kiyA gayA hai| jo ho, prAkRta apabhraMza kI dUrI meM ise eka kar3I ho samajhanA cAhie | isakA kathA-sArAMza isa prakAra hai : maMgalAcaraNAdi ke bAda mUla viSaya prArambha hotA hai / pratiSThAna nAmaka eka ramaNIka nagara thA / vahA~ kA rAjA sAtavAhana thA / kathA kA nAyaka rAjA sAtavAhana hI hai| rAjA vipulAzaya kI apsarA rambhA se kuvalayAvali nAma kI putrI thI / gandharva kumAra citrAMgada se usakA prema ho gayA aura usane gandharva vivAha kara liyaa| jaba rAjA vipulAzaya ko isa bAta kA patA lagA to usane citrAMgada ko rAkSasa hone kA zApa de diyA / vaha bhISaNAnana nAmaka rAkSasa bana gayA / kuvalayAvali bahuta : duHkhita hotI hai aura AtmahatyA karane lagatI hai / parantu usakI mAM rambhA use roka detI hai / rambhA ne use sAntvanA dI tathA yakSarAja nalakUbara ke pAsa chor3a diyaa| isa yakSarAja kI patnI eka vidyAdharI vasanta thI jisase mahAnumati nAmaka putrI huI / mahAnumati kA kuvalayAvala se sneha bar3hatA gayA aura dAnoM acchI sakhiyA~ bana giiN| eka bAra donoM sakhiyA~ vimAna dvArA malayagiri para gaIM / vahA~ siddhakumAriyoM ke sAtha jhUlA jhUlate hue kuvalayAvala kI A~kheM siddhakumAra mAdhavAnila se . mila gaIM aura vaha premAviddha ho gaI / vahA~ se vaha ghara vApisa AI to usakI vyAkulatA bar3hane lagI / kuvalayAvali sakhI kI dazA dekhakara siddhakumAra kA patA lagAne malaya parvata para gaI / vahA~ pahu~cane para patA calA ki mAdhavAnila ko usakA koI zatru pAtAlaloka meM le gayA hai / kuvalayAvali apanI sakhI ke pAsa lauTa AtI hai aura use dhairya baMdhAtI hai| donoM sakhiyoM ne apanI iSTasiddhi ke lie bhavAnI-pUjana 1. lIlAvaIkahA, pR0 11.

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228 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka kA nizcaya kiyA aura ve godAvarI nadI ke kinAre bhavAnI kI pUjA karane lgiiN| kathA kI nAyikA lIlAvatI siMhaladeza kI rAjakumArI thii| isake pitA siMhalarAja zilAmegha the aura mAtA zAradazrI vasantazrI kI bahana thii| lIlAvatI ne rAjA sAtavAhana kA citra dekhA aura vaha mohita ho .. gii| rAjA sAtavAhana ko vaha svapna meM dekhtii| usane mAtA-pitA kI AjJA lI aura apane priya kI khoja meM nikala pdd'ii| mArga meM godAvarI nadI par3I vahA~ usakA dala Thahara gyaa| vahIM usakI mausI vasantazrI kii| putrI mahAnumati aura usakI sakhI kuvalayAvali se bheMTa ho gii| do se tIna virahiNiyA~ ho gaI aura eka sAtha rahane lgiiN| rAjA sAtavAhana ko sAmrAjya-vistAra kI icchA huii| ataH vaha senA lekara siMhala ko ora claa| rAjA ke dUta ne sAtavAhana ko maMtraNA dI ki siMhalarAja se zatrutA nahIM bar3hAnI caahie| ataH sAtavAhana ne vijayAnanda senApati ko dUta banAkara siMhalarAja ke pAsa bhejaa| vaha rAmezvara ke mArga se siMhala ravAnA huaa| vijayAnanda jisa naukA se jA rahA thA vaha TUTa gaI ataH use godAvarI ke taTa para ruka jAnA pdd'aa| yahA~ para use nagna pAzupata ke darzana he| use patA lagA ki siMhalarAja kI putrI apanI sakhiyoM ke sAtha yahAM rahatI hai| vijayAnanda lauTa AyA aura sAtavAhana se Akara pUrA vRttAnta khaa| sAtavAhana ne usase vivAha karane kI icchA vyakta kii| sAtavAhana senAsahita upasthita haa| parantu lIlAvatI ne kahA ki jaba taka mahAnumati kA priya nahIM milegA taba taka vaha vivAha nahIM kregii| rAjA pAtAlaloka gayA aura mAdhavAnila ko chur3A laayaa| rAjA ne apanI rAjadhAnI lauTakara bhISaNAnana rAkSasa para AkramaNa kiyA to coTa khAte hI vaha rAjakumAra bana gyaa| saMyogAt yakSarAja nalakUbara, vidyAdhara haMsa aura zilAmegha eka hI sthAna para ekatrita hote haiN| nalakUbara apanI putrI mahAnumati kA usake priya siddhakumAra mAdhavAnila se, vidyAdhara haMsa apanI kanyA kuvalayAvali kA citrAMgada se aura siMhalanareza apanI rAjakumArI lolAvato kA rAjA sAtavAhana ke sAtha vivAha kara dete haiN|

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apabhraMza kathA: paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 229 paumasirocariu kavi dhAhila kA likhA huA paumasirocariu cAra saMdhiyoM meM samApta eka premakathA hai / jaisA ki jainoM ke anya kAvyoM meM bhI dhArmika uddezya adhika nihita rahatA hai, vaisA ho isameM bhI hai / dhAhila ne svayaM hI apane ko divyadRSTi kahA hai- 'dhAhila divvadiTThi kavi jaMpai' / inakA samaya vi0 8vIM za0 ke bAda aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva mAnA gayA hai / kathA saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai : bhagavAn candraprabha evaM sarasvatI kI stuti ke bAda kavi kathA Arambha karatA hai / bharata kSetra ke madhyadeza meM basantapura nAmaka eka nagara thaa| vahAM ke rAjA kA nAma jitazatru thA aura lIlAvatI nAmaka usakI rAno thI / usI nagara meM atula dhanarAzi kA svAmI dhanasena nAmaka eka zreSThI rahatA thA / dhanazrI nAmaka usakI divyasvarUpA eka kanyA aura dhanadatta tathA dhanAvaha nAmaka do putra the / kanyA kI zAdI to ho gaI parantu durbhAgya se vaha vidhavA ho gaI / apanA jIvana bitAne ke lie vaha apane bhAiyoM ke ghara rahane lagI aura bhajana-pUjana karane ke sAtha ghara kI bhI dekhabhAla karatI thI / eka dina nagara meM dharmaghoSa nAmaka eka munivara aaye| unake upadezoM kA dhanazrI para bahuta prabhAva huA / dhanazrI nitya pUjana- dAnAdi karma * karane lgii| cUMki dhana bhAiyoM kA thA ataH bhAbhiyoM ko burA lagA aura kabhI-kabhI dhanazrI para vyaMgya karatI thIM / dhanazrI strI thI ataH usake mana meM dUSita bhAva A gae aura usane bhAiyoM ko bhAbhiyoM ke viruddha kara diyaa| bAda meM usane una donoM bhAI- bhAbhiyoM ke bheda-bhAva ko miTA diyaa| isa prakAra dhanazrI ne acche dharmadhyAna pUrvaka maraNoparAnta devalokaM pAyA / dhanadatta ne dUsare janma meM ayodhyA ke rAjA azokadatta ke yahA~ putrarUpa meM janma liyA / isake bhAI dhanAvaha ne bhI isI rAjA ke yahAM janma liyaa| yahAM dhanadatta kA nAma samudradatta aura dhanAvaha kA vRSabhadatta 1 eca0 bhAyANI tathA ema0 modI dvArA sampAdita, bhA0vi0 bha0 bambaI, vi0 saM0 2005 meM prakAzita.

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230 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka rakhA gyaa| udhara dhanazrI hastinApura ke rAjA ibhyapati zaMkha aura unakI rAnI zIlavato kI padmazrI nAma kI putrI huI / jaise-jaise yaha bar3I hotI, gaI isake saundarya kI kIrti cAroM ora phailatI gii| basanta mAha kA Agamana huaa| padmazrI apane apUrvazrI nAmaka udyAna meM gii| samudradatta bhI vahA~ paha~cA aura donoM kI daSTiyA~ mila gii| donoM eka-dUsare para mugdha ho ge| donoM kI premavihvalatA vivAho-' parAnta samApta huii| ___ samudradatta apanI patnI padmazrI ke sAtha AnandamayaH divasa bitAne. lgaa| ATha varSoM ke bAda varAhadatta nAmaka patravAhaka ne samadradatta kI mAtA kI ora se patra diyaa| mAtA apane putra ko dekhane ke lie vyAkula thii| usa samaya padmazrI apane pitA ke ghara tho / ataH samudradatta ne dUta. ko vApisa bheja diyA aura svayaM patnI ko lene hastinApura gyaa| pUrvajanma ke doSa se kelipriya pizAca ne padmazrI aura samudradatta ke prema meM antara DAla diyaa| samudradatta ko yaha vizvAsa ho gayA ki padmazrI parapuruSa meM Asakta hai / samudradatta ko padmazrI saba bhA~ti vizvAsa dilAtI hai ki saba jhUTha hai / phira bhI samudradatta vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| padmazrI hataprabha ho jAtI hai aura vilApa karatI hai parantu samudradatta use chor3akara ghara cala detA hai / samudradatta kauzalapurI ke eka vyApArI kI pUtrI kAMtimatI se vivAha kara letA hai, / kAMtimatI kI eka kItimatI bahina thI jisakA vivAha samudradatta ke bhAI udadhidatta se hotA hai| padmazrI ke pitA ko samudradatta ke vivAha kA patA calA to ve putrI ke. janma se duHkhI hue| padmazrI ko vimalazIlA nAmaka sAdhvI ne dharmopadeza diyaa| usake prabhAva se padmazrI vratAdi karane lgii| bAda meM ve donoM kAMtimatI aura kIrtimatI ke ghara phuNcii| vahA~ padmazrI para corI kA kalaMka lgaa| phira bhI kaThina tapazcaryA karake padmazrI ne mokSalAbha liyaa| bhavisayattakahA dazamI zatAbdI ke kavi dhanapAla dhakkar3a ne jainadharma ke zrutapaMcamI vrata ke mAhAtmya-nirdeza ke lie isa kathA-kAvya' ko racanA ko / prArambha 1. sI0 DI0 dalAla aura pI0 DI0 guNe dvArA saMpAdita, gA0 o0 sirIja meM 1923 meM prakAzita.

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apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 231 meM kavi jina-stuti evaM sajjana-durjanaprazaMsA karatA hai| tatpazcAt mUla viSaya Arambha hotA hai| kavi ne apane kAvya ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai-'vihi khaMDahiM vAvIsahi saMdhihi paricitiya niyaheu nibaMdhihi / parantu harmana jekobI ne kathA ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| prathama bhAga meM dhanapAla nAmaka eka vyApArI ke putra bhaviSyadatta ke bhAgya kA varNana hai| prArambha meM bhaviSyadatta ko usakA sautelA bhAI dhokhA detA hai ataH bhaviSyadatta ko aneka kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai / bAda meM vaha atula dhanarAzi pAtA hai| dvitIya bhAga meM kururAja aura takSazilArAja meM yuddha varNita hai| bhaviSyadatta ko isameM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| isako vijaya ke phalasvarUpa kururAjya kA arddhabhAga prApta hotA hai| tRtIya bhAga meM bhaviSyadatta evaM usake sAthiyoM ke pUrvajanma tathA uttarajanmoM kA vivaraNa hai| kathA saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai : gajapura nAmaka samRddha nagara meM eka vyApArI thA jisakA nAma dhanapAla thaa| usakI kamalazrI nAmaka patnI thI jo mana ko haranevAlI aura aravinda ke samAna mukhavAlI thii| kisI putra ke na hone se donoM cintita the| kamalazrI eka bAra muni zreSTha ke pAsa gaI aura putra na hone kI bAteM khiiN| muni ne pUtra hone kA AzIrvAda diyaa| samayAnusAra muni kA AzIrvAda phalita huaa| vilakSaNa pratibhA ke lakSaNoM se yukta putra utpanna huA jisakA nAma bhaviSyadatta rakhA gayA / dhanapAla sarUpA nAmaka sundarI se apanA dUsarA vivAha kara letA hai aura kamalazrI tathA bhaviSyadatta ko bhUlane lagatA hai| sarUpA se baMdhudatta nAmaka putra utpanna hotA hai| baMdhudatta kA lAlana-pAlana hotA hai aura vaha bar3A ho jAtA hai / . baMdhudatta vyApAra karane ke lie dezAntara kI taiyArI kara letA hai| vaha anya 500 vyApAriyoM ke sAtha kaMcanapura ko yAtrA karatA hai / baMdhudatta ko dezAntara jAte hue dekhakara bhaviSyadatta ne usake sAtha jAne kA kamalazrI se Agraha kiyaa| kamalazrI ke bahuta manA karane para bhI bhaviSyadatta ne baMdhudatta kA vizvAsa kiyA aura usake sAtha ho liyaa| yAtrA para calane ke pUrva kamalazro ne apane putra ko sadAcAra kA upadeza diyA aura sarUpA ne apane putra baMdhudatta se kahA ki vaha bhaviSyadatta ko samudra 1. bhavisayattakahA, pR0 149.

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232 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka meM DAla de| naukAoM se yAtrA prArambha huii| kucha dina bAda acAnaka samudra meM tUphAna A gayA aura kisI prakAra ye loga tilaka dvIpa ke kinAre pahu~ca gae / bhaviSyadatta ko baMdhudatta ne dhokhe se yahIM chor3a diyA aura svayaM Age cala pdd'aa| bhaviSyadatta parezAna hotA huA eka zreSTha nagarI meM pahu~cA parantu vaha .. janazanya thI / vahA~ usane eka atIva sundaro kanyA ko dekhaa| eka rAkSasa ne Akara donoM kA pariNaya kraayaa| bAraha varSa taka AnandapUrvaka vaha . usa nagarI meM rhaa| usake bAda apAra dhana-sampatti ke sAtha ve samudra ke. kinAre para pahu~ce aura kisI jahAja kI khoja meM the| ekAeka baMdhudatta vyApAra meM asaphala lauTatA huA vahAM A pahu~cA / usane bhaviSyadatta se apane pUrva kRtya ke lie kSamA yAcanA kii| bhaviSyadatta ne saba sAmAna jahAja para lAda diyaa| apanI patnI ko bhI baiThA diyaa| svayaM jahAja meM baMThane se pUrva jinamaMdira meM darzana karane gyaa| isI bIca baMdhudatta ne jahAja calavA diyaa| baMdhudatta ne ghara Akara bhaviSyadatta kI patnI ko apanI patnI batAyA aura vivAha kI tithi Adi nizcita kara lii| bhaviSyadatta udhara jina bhagavAn kA pUjana karane lagatA hai| idhara bhaviSyadatta kI mA~ zrutapaMcamI kA vrata rakhatI hai| ina donoM ke dharmaprabhAva se eka deva bhaviSyadatta ko ghara pahu~cA detA hai| bhaviSyadatta ne ghara Akara pUrA bheda batalAyA aura vahA~ ke rAjA se nyAya kI mAMga kii| baMdhudatta doSI ThaharatA hai ataH use daMDa milatA hai aura bhaviSyadatta ko usakI patnI vApisa mila jAtI hai / isake sAtha hI rAjA bhaviSyadatta ko apanA uttarAdhikArI banAkara apanI putrI sumitrA kA vivAha karane ko kahatA hai| itane meM gajapura ke rAjA ke pAsa podanapura ke rAjA kA eka saMdeza AtA hai| saMdeza meM vaha sumitrA kI mAMga karatA hai| rAjA ke isa apamAna se yuddha Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| yuddha meM bhaviSyadatta pramukha bhAga letA hai aura vijayI hokara sumitrA se pariNaya karatA hai| . bhaviSyadatta gajapura kA yuvarAja banatA hai aura sukhapUrvaka rahane lagatA hai| tatpazcAt bhaviSyadatta kI prathama patnI ko apanI mAtRbhUmi jAne kI

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apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 233 icchA balavatI hotI hai| ataH bhaviSyadatta apane mAtA-pitA, sumitrA Adi ko lekara mainAka dvIpa kI yAtrA para nikala par3atA hai| mainAka dvIpa para unheM eka jaina muni ke darzana hote haiN| ve unheM dharmopadeza dete haiN| vahA~ kucha dina rahane ke pazcAt ve saba apane ghara vApisa A jAte haiN| eka bAra muni vimalabuddhi vahA~ Ate haiN| bhaviSyadatta unake darzanoM ko jAtA hai to muni ne dharmopadeza ke sAtha usake pUrva bhava kI kathA sunaaii| bhaviSyadatta ko vairAgya ho jAtA hai aura vaha apane putra ko rAjyabhAra sauMpakara svayaM jaMgala calA jAtA hai| usakI patniyA~ evaM mAtA bhI usI ke sAtha tapasyA karatI haiM / anta meM samAdhimaraNa hotA hai aura uccapada prApta karake mokSa ho jAtA hai| kathA ke anta meM zrutapaMcamI kA mAhAtmya batAyA gayA hai| jasaharacariu isa caritakAvya' ke racayitA puSpadanta 10vIM zatAbdI ke kavi mAne jAte haiN| prastuta grantha cAra sandhiyoM meM samApta hai| kathA kA aMtima uddezya ahiMsA ke mAhAtmya ko siddha karanA hai| grantha ko kathA saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai : . anya caritakAvyoM ke samAna maMgalAcaraNa, jinastuti ke bAda kathA prArambha hotI hai / yaudheya nAmaka eka ramaNIka deza thA jisakI rAjadhAnI rAjapuraM thii| isakA mAridatta nAmaka rAjA thA jo apanA adhikAMza samaya rAniyoM ke sAtha vilAsa meM vyatIta karatA thaa| eka dina bhairavAnanda nAmaka kApAlikAcArya yAtrA karate hue usa rAjadhAnI meM Aye / ve nagarI meM apane dharma kA pracAra karate the tathA unhoMne ghoSaNA kI ki unheM daivIya . zakti prApta hai| ve sUrya-candra ko bhI apanI AjJAnusAra calA sakate haiM, yaha khabara rAjA mAridatta ko milii| rAjA ne sasammAna bhairavAnanda ko darabAra meM Amantrita kiyaa| bhairavAnanda se rAjA ne vAyugamana kI zakti prApta karane kI prArthanA kii| bhairavAnanda ne rAjA se kahA ki yadi vaha manuSyasahita sabhI prANiyoM ke jIvita jor3oM kI bali devI caMDamArI ko de to use divyazakti avazya prApta hogii| rAjA ne apane rAjyAdhi82. pI0 ela0 vaidya dvArA saMpAdita, kAraMjA jaina sirIja meM 1931 meM . prakAzita.

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234 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka kAriyoM ko prANiyoM ke jor3oM kA prabandha karane kA Adeza de diyaa| adhikAriyoM ne sabhI prANiyoM ke jor3oM kA prabandha kara diyA parantu mAnavajor3e kA prabandha nahIM ho skaa| isI avasara para sudatta nAmaka jaina muni apane abhayaruci evaM abhayamati nAma ke ziSyoM ke sAtha nagara ke samIpa eka bagIce meM pdhaare| kSullakAvasthA ke ziSya abhayaruci aura abhayamati ne apane guru se nagara meM bhikSA ke lie jAne kI AjJA lii| ve donoM nagara meM bhramaNa kara hI rahe the ki rAjA ke karmacAriyoM dvArA pakaDa liye gaye aura devI caNDamArI ke mandira meM bali hetu le jAye gye| kSullakoM ne gambhIratA se rAjA ko AzIrvAda diyaa| unakI AvAja ne rAjA ko AkarSita evaM prabhAvita kiyaa| rAjA ne unase pUchA ki kyA ve kisI rAjaparivAra se Aye haiM aura kyoM itanI kama avasthA meM kaThora vrata liyA hai ? isa para kSullaka . bAlaka ne kahA-isa bhAratavarSa meM avantI nAmaka deza kI ujjainI rAjadhAnI hai| vahA~ yazobandhu nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usake putra yazoha ne rAjya saMbhAlA aura rAjA ajitanAga kI sundara kanyA candramatI se vivAha kiyaa| merA nAma yazodhara thA aura maiM inhIM donoM kA putra thaa| sabhI kalAoM meM dakSatA prApta karane ke sAtha merA vivAha krathakezikA kI rAjakumArI evaM anya rAjakumAriyoM ke sAtha ho gyaa| pitA yazoha ne apane bAloM ko zveta hote dekhA to unheM vairAgya ho gayA aura unhoMne yazodhara ko rAjya sauMpa diyaa| yazodhara ne pRthvI para apanA sudRr3ha rAjya sthApita kiyA aura sukha se rahane lgaa| yazodhara atyadhika bhoga-vilAsI jIvana vyatIta karane lgaa| eka dina pUrNimA kI ardharAtri meM yazodhara apanI rAnI amRtamato ke pAsa gyaa| jaba yazodhara ko nIMda A gaI to rAnI amRtamatI usakI bhujapAza ko alaga karake apane premI ke pAsa gaI jo ki eka kurUpa vyakti thaa| rAjA ko nidrA tatkAla bhaMga ho gaI thI ataH hAtha meM talavAra lekara rAnI kA pIchA kiyaa| rAnI usa kurUpa vyakti ke pairoM para girakara use prasanna kara rahI thI parantu vaha dutkAra rahA thA ki itanA vilamba kyoM huA? itanA kahakara usane rAno ko eka Thokara lgaaii| rAnI ne taba bhI use apanI saphAI dI ki vaha apane rAjA pati kI mRtyu ke lie devI kI pUjA kara rahI thii| isa sabako rAjA ne dekhA to krodha se kaoNpa

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___ apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 235 uThA aura talavAra se donoM ko mArane kA nizcaya kiyaa| parantu usane nizcaya badala diyA aura lauTa aayaa| rAnI bhI bhora se pUrva apane vistara para pahu~ca gii| yazodhara ko isa ghaTanA se dhakkA lagA aura usane rAjya chor3ane kA vicAra banA liyaa| dUsare dina usane apanI mAM se kahA ki usane eka burA svapna dekhA hai ataH use sAdhu ho jAnA cAhie anyathA vaha mara jaaegaa| mAtA ne use bure svapna kA prabhAva samApta karane ke lie devI ko eka jAnavara kI bali dene kI salAha dii| rAjA ne ise ucita nahIM maanaa| ataH eka ATe kA murgA banAkara devI ko bali car3hAI gaI aura use sabane khaayaa| lekina rAjA ghara lauTA aura usane apane putra ko rAjya sauMpakara jaMgala meM jAne kA nizcaya kiyaa| yaha sunakara rAnI ne rAjA se kahA ki vaha eka dAvata kA prabandha kara rahI hai, tatpazcAt rAjA ke sAtha ve bhI cleNgii| rAjA ne svIkAra kara liyaa| rAnI ne rAjA tathA usakI mAtA ko viSa de diyaa| viSa ke prabhAva se donoM kI matya ho gii| yazodhara ke putra jasavaI ne jaba yaha dekhA to unakA saMskAra uttama rIti se kiyA jisase ki unheM sugati mile| parantu isa .:: janma meM unhoMne ATe ke murga ko bali dI thI ataH dUsare janma meM yazodhara ko mayUra aura candramatI. ko jaMgala ke kutte kA janma milaa| mayUra ko eka jaMgalI ne pakar3akara rAjA jasavaI ko bheMTa kiyaa| mayUra ne apanI pUrvabhava ko rAnI ko Ananda ko jindagI bitAte dekhA to usa para aura usake premI para AkramaNa kara diyaa| phalasvarUpa rAnI ne mayUra kI TAMga tor3a dii| usakI lar3akI mayUra kA pIchA karatI / pUrvabhava kI candramato, jise kuttA kA janma milA thA, AI aura use mAra ddaalaa| rAjA jasavaI ne jaba sunA to unhoMne kutte ko mAra ddaalaa| isa prakAra agale bhava meM yazodhara ko nakUla aura candramatI ko sarpa kA janma milaa| jaMgala meM nakula ne sarpa ko aura nakula ko suara ne mAra DAlA / phalataH agale bhava meM yazodhara ko kSiprA nadI meM machalI aura mAtA candramatI ko magaramaccha kA janma milaa| magara ne machalI ko pakar3anA cAhA hI thA ki mahala ko rAjakumArI jalakrIr3A ke lie vahA~ AI aura magara dvArA pakar3I gii| machalI magara se to baca gaI parantu jAla dvArA magara aura machalI donoM pakar3e ge| magara mAra DAlA gayA aura machalI

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2.36 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka ko bhUnakara jasavaI ne brAhmaNoM ko khilAyA / agale janma meM candramatI bakarI aura yazodhara bakarA banA / isake bAda ve bhaiMsa, murgA-murgI ke janmoM meM bhI utpanna hue / anta meM rAjA dvArA mAre jAne para usake putra-putrI ke jor3e ke rUpa meM paidA hue / putra kA nAma abhayaruci aura putrI kA nAma abhayamati huA / eka bAra rAjA jasavaI 500 kuttoM ke sAtha jaMgala meM zikAra khelane gayA / vahA~ usane eka jaina muni sudatta ko dekhA tathA unake Upara kuttoM ko chor3a diyA / parantu kutte apanI gardana jhukAkara khar3e ho gae / ataH jasahara ne apanI talavAra se muni ko mArane kA vicAra' kiyaa| usake eka vyApArI mitra ne use niraparAdha muni ko mArane se rokaa| jasavaI ne apane pApoM ke prAyazcittasvarUpa muni ke sAmane apanI gardana kATane kA vicAra kiyaa| muni rAjA ke antarbhAvoM ko samajha gae aura use isa prakAra ke kAryoM se virata rahane ko khaa| rAjA ko yaha dekhakara ki muni dUsare ke antaHkaraNa kI bAta jAnate haiM - Azcarya huA / rAjA ne apane mAtA-pitA aura dAdI ke janmoM ke viSaya meM puuchaa| isa para muni ne rAjA ko unake vibhinna janmoM kI kahAnI sunAte hue kahA ki usake pitA aura dAdI usake putra abhayaruci aura putrI abhayamati ke rUpa meM paidA hue haiM / usakI mAM pA~caveM naraka meM hai / muni se saba bAteM jAnakara rAjA jasavaI ne mahala chor3akara sAdhu banane kA nizcaya kiyA / abhayaruci aura abhayamati ne bhI sAdhu bananA cAhA parantu avasthA meM choTe hone ke kAraNa sudatta muni ne unheM kSullaka hI rahane ko khaa| isa prakAra abhayaruci ne rAjA mAridatta ko pUrI bAta samApta karate hue kahA ki hama kSullaka nagara meM ghUma hI rahe the ki Apake AdamiyoM dvArA pakar3a liye gaye aura yahA~ lAye gaye / isa vRttAnta ko sunane ke bAda rAjA mAridatta aura devI candramArI ne kSullakoM se praNipAtapUrvaka jainadharma kI dIkSA dene kA Agraha kiyA / abharuci ne kahA ki dIkSA hamAre guru hI de sakate haiM / isI avasara para sudatta bhI vahA~ A phuNce| unhoMne mAridatta evaM dUsaroM ke pUrvabhavoM kI bAteM batAIM / anta meM mAridatta evaM bhairavAnanda ko bhI jainadharma meM dIkSita kiyaa| isa prakAra abhayaruci ne muni kI aura abhayamati ne sAdhvI kI padavI prApta kI tathA pavitra jIvana bitAte hue IzAna svarga meM deva hue|

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.. apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 237 gAyakumAracariu yaha kAvya' bhI jasaharacariu ke racayitA kavivara puSpadanta dvArA 9. sandhiyoM meM racita hai / yaha kAvya kathA kI dRSTi se mUlataH premAkhyAna hI hai| isako kathA saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai : ___ isa grantha kA Arambha vAgdevI sarasvatI kI vaMdanA se hotA hai| granthakAra ne likhA hai ki mAnyakheTa ke rAjA kRSNarAja vallabharAja ke mantrI nantra kI preraNA se unhoMne isa grantha kI racanA kii| kavi ne magadha deza aura rAjagaha tathA usake rAjA kA sundara varNana kiyA hai| eka bAra tIrthaMkara mahAvIra rAjagaha pdhaare| vahA~ ke rAjA zreNika bhagavAn ke darzanArtha unake samIpa phuNce| zreNika ne mahAvIra se zrIpaMcamIvrata kA mAhAtmya pUchA / bhagavAn ke gaNadhara gautama ne rAjA ke samAdhAnArtha eka kathA sunaaii| ___ prAcInakAla meM magadha deza meM kanakapura nAma kA eka nagara thA / vahA~ rAjA jayandhara apanI rAnI vizAlanetrA ke sAtha rAjya karatA thaa| rAnI ko zrIdhara nAma kA eka putra thaa| eka bAra vAsava nAma kA vyApArI apanI : vyApAra-yAtrA se lauTA aura rAjA ko aneka upahAroM ke sAtha eka sundarI kA citra bheMTa kiyaa| rAjA ne vyApArI se citra ke viSaya meM pUchA to patA calA ki vaha citra saurASTra meM girinagara ke rAjA ko putrI pRthvIdevI kA hai| rAjA citra para mugdha ho jAtA hai| vyApArI ne batAyA ki girinagara kA rAjA isa rAjakumArI kA vivAha Apase karanA cAhatA hai to rAjA usa vyApArI aura apane mantrI ko vividha upahAroM ke sAtha girinagara bhejate haiN| ve rAjakumArI ko kanakapura lAte haiM aura rAjasI aTa-bATa ke sAtha vivAha hotA hai| . eka dina rAjA apano rAniyoM ke sAtha AnandodyAna meM gayA / donoM rAniyoM meM se navIna rAnI pRthvIdevI rAjA kI pahalI rAnI ko dekha cauMka utthii| use IrSyA ho gaI aura vaha udyAna meM na Thahara jinamaMdira meM calI gii| vahA~ usane jinendradeva kI pUjA kI tathA muni pihitAzrava ___1. DA0 hIrAlAla jaina dvArA saMpAdita, jaina sirIja, kAraMjA se 1933 meM prakAzita.

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238 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka se patrotpatti kA AzIrvAda paayaa| ataH prasannatApUrvaka vaha mahala meM vApisa A gii| udyAna meM jalakrIr3A Adi ke uparAnta rAjA ne pathvIdevI ko udyAna meM khojaa| rAjakarmacArI dvArA jAnakara jinamandira aura mahala meM bhI khojaa| rAnI putra kA AzIrvAda pAkara apanI IrSyA ko bhala gaI aura rAjA ke Ate hI mandira ko ghaTanA btaaii| rAjA pUnaH rAnI ko lekara jinamandira meM munirAja ke samIpa gae / muni ne bhAvI' ' putra ke viSaya meM aura bhI bhaviSyavANI kI ki putra utpanna hogaa| jinamaMdira kA lauhadvAra banda rahegA parantu bacce ke paira ke sparza se khula jaaegaa| phira baccA kueM meM gira jAegA, usakI rakSA eka nAga kregaa| : samaya para putra utpanna huaa| bacce ke bar3e hone para ve jinamaMdira gae parantu usake daravAje banda the ataH bar3I nirAzA huii| parantu bacce kA. paira lagate hI daravAje khula ge| rAjA jinendra-pUjana meM vyasta the / paricArikAeM bAlaka ko udyAna meM le jAtI haiM aura eka paricArikA kI goda se vaha kue~ meM gira jAtA hai| patA calate ho mAM bhI kueM meM kUda par3atI hai| nAga rakSA karatA hai ataH usakA nAma nAgakumAra rakhA jAtA hai| bar3e hone para nAgakumAra ko nAga apane ghara le jAtA hai / nAga ne rAjakumAra ko rAjanIti ke sAtha vividha kalAoM aura vijJAna ko zikSA dI / apanI zikSA ke bAda rAjakumAra apane pitA ke ghara A ge| eka bAra paMcasugandhinI mahala meM eka divya bAMsurIvAdaka ko khoja meM pahuMcI aura usane kahA ki vaha usI puruSa ke sAtha apanI manohArI evaM kinnarI kanyAoM kA vivAha kregii| nAgakumAra kalA meM zreSTha utaratA hai aura donoM kanyAoM kA varaNa karatA hai| eka dina nAgakumAra apanI patniyoM ke sAtha jala-krIr3A ke lie gyaa| pIche se usako mA~ AbhUSaNa aura kapar3e dene ke lie gaI / vizAlanetrA ko avasara mila gayA aura usane rAjA ke kAna bhara diye ki pathvIdevI apane premI se milane gaI hai / rAjA ne pIchA kiyA parantu vizAlanetrA jhUTho pramANita huii| ataH use rAjA ne phaTakArA / rAjA ko sapatniyoM ko IrSyA se bhaya ho| gayA ki nAgakumAra kA jIvana saMkaTa meM na par3a jaae| ataH isa dhyeya se rAjA ne pRthvIdevI ko kahA ki vaha apane putra ko bAhara bhramaNa para jAne de| rAno ne ise apanA apamAna samajhakara apane putra se kahA ki eka hAthI para baiThakara vaha rAjadhAnI kA bhramaNa kare / rAjA ko yaha bAta bahuta

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. .. apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 239 baro lagI aura usane rAnI se usake AbhUSaNa lekara daMDita kiyA / nAgakumAra ko jaba yaha patA calA to vaha dyUtabhavana gayA aura vahA~ se bahuta se ratnAbhUSaNa jItakara lAyA aura apanI mA~ ko diye| dUsare dina rAjA ne usa bhavana meM aneka AbhaSaNoM ko nahIM paayaa| jaba use patA calA ki rAjakumAra jItakara le gae to vaha bahata prabhAvita haa| rAjA ne rAjakumAra ko apane sAtha juA khelane ko Amantrita kiyaa| rAjA apanA saba kucha hAra gayA parantu rAjakumAra ne apanI mA~ ke AbhUSaNoM ke atirikta saba vApisa kara diyaa| isake bAda eka dina rAjakUmAra ko eka uddhata ghor3A diyA jAtA hai jise rAjakumAra ThIka kara letA hai| nAgakumAra kI zakti ko dekhakara usakA sautelA bhAI 'zrIdhara usase jalane lagatA hai| vaha socatA hai ki nAga ke rahate rAjya use nahIM mila sktaa| ataH vaha use maravAnA cAhatA hai| jaba rAjA ko yaha patA calatA hai to use bahuta dhakkA lagatA hai aura vaha nAgakumAra ko alaga bhavana meM rahane kI vyavasthA kara detA hai| eka dina nagara meM jaMgalI hAthI ne Akara AtaMka phailA diyaa| zrIdhara hAthI ko mArane ke prayAsa meM pUrNataH viphala huaa| rAjA svayaM * hAthI ko mArane calA to rAniyoM ko ghabarAhaTa hone lgo| aMta meM mallayuddha meM pravINa nAgakumAra ne hAthI ko isa prakAra uThA liyA jaise ki kRSNa ne govardhana parvata uThA liyA thaa| sabhI loga Azcaryacakita ho ge| . isI samaya uttarI mathurA meM jayavarmA apanI rAnI jayAvatI ke sAtha rAjya karatA thaa| usake vyAla aura mahAvyAla nAmaka do jJAnavAn putra the| unameM se eka ziva ke samAna trinetra thA aura dUsarA advitIya sundara thaa| eka bAra rAjadhAnI meM eka sAdhu AyA jisase rAjA ne apane putroM ke bhaviSya ke viSaya meM prazna kiye| kucha samaya bAda rAjA ne apanA rAjya putroM ko sauMpa diyA aura svayaM sAdhu ho gyaa| donoM bhAI rAjyasukha kA Ananda le rahe the| isI bIca pATaliputra ke rAjA zrIvarmA ko putrI kI sundaratA kI khyAti donoM bhAiyoM ne suunii| donoM bhAiyoM ne apanA rAjya mantrI ke putra dUrvAkana ko sauMpa diyA aura svayaM pATaliputra cale gae / vahA~ gaNikAsundarI ne choTe bhAI aura surasundarI ne bar3e bhAI se

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240 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka vivAha kara liyaa| kucha dina bAda pATaliputra ko gaur3a deza ke aridamana ne ghera liyaa| ye donoM bhAI bhI vahIM the| donoM rAjakumAriyoM ne pitA aura apane bhaya kI bAta rAjakumAroM ko btaaii| rAjakumAra rAjA kI sahAyatA ke lie taiyAra ho ge| ghamAsAna yuddha huA aura zatru kI parAjaya huii| vyAla apane choTe bhAI ko chor3akara kanakapura A gayA jahA~ ki nAgaka kI dRSTi se usakA tIsarA netra naSTa ho gayA thaa| .' iso samaya zrIdhara ne nAgakumAra ko mArane kA antima prayatna kiyaa| zrIdhara ne jina AdamiyoM ko mArane ke lie niyukta kiyA thA ve nAgakumAra ke nivAsasthAna meM jisa dvAra se ghuse usakI nigarAnoM vyAla kara rahA thaa| sabhI zatru mAra DAle ge| nAgakumAra bAhara nikalakara AyA to use nayanadhara mantrI milA jisane usake pitA kA sandeza diyaa| pitA ne sandeza bhejA thA ki yadyapi vaha samrATa hone vAlA hai parantu kucha samaya ke lie deza chor3a de aura bulAne para A jaae| rAjakumAra ne pitA ko AjJA mAnakara apanI senAzakti ke sAtha mathurA kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| -- nAgakumAra ne mathurA pahu~cakara apanI senA ko zahara se bAhara ho roka diyA aura svayaM zahara dekhane gyaa| vahA~ use patA calA ki vahA~ ke rAjA ne kAnyakubja ke rAjA kI putrI zIlavaMtI ko, jisakA ki vivAha siMhapura ke rAjA harivarmA se hone jA rahA thA, jabaradastI bhagAkara kaida kara liyA hai| nAgakumAra kA durvacana aura usake sainikoM se yuddha huaa| isI bIca vyAla A phuNcaa| durvacana ne apane rAjA ko pahacAna liyA aura svayaM ko chor3ane ko prArthanA kii| nAgakumAra ne use yaha kahakara chor3a diyA ki kaida kI huI rAjakumArI ko apanI bahina kI taraha usake pitA ke yahA~ pahu~cA do| ___ eka dina nAgakumAra ne dekhA ki usake mArga para 500 vAdyakalAkAra cale A rahe haiN| unameM se mukhya rAjA jAlandhara se jJAta haA ki unheM kazmIra ke rAjA nanda ko putrI tribhuvanarati ne vAdya meM harA diyA hai| usa rAjakumArI ko pratijJA hai ki jo use kalA meM parAjita karegA vaha . usI kA varaNa kregii| nAgakumAra vyAla ke sAtha kazmIra gyaa| vahA~ nAgakumAra ko dekhate hI rAjakumArI mohita ho gii| bAda meM nAMgakumAra se sabhI taraha saMtuSTa hokara donoM kA vivAha huaa|

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bhraMza kathA: paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 241 eka dina eka vyApArI ne, jo apanI yAtrA se vApisa AyA thA, "nAgakumAra se kahA ki rabhyaka jaMgala meM tIna coTI vAlA eka parvata hai | usake tala meM eka jinamaMdira thA jisake lohe ke banda daravAje indra ke vajra se bhI nahIM khule / nAgakumAra yaha sunakara sadala vahA~ pahu~cA aura usake hAtha ke sparzamAtra se mandira ke kapATa khula gae / mandira meM candraprabhu tIrthaMkara kI pratimA thI / usane vahA~ pUjana kiyA / itane meM saMvara ne Akara batAyA ki usakI patnI ko bhImAsura kAlaguhA meM uThAkara le gayA / nAgakumAra vyAla ke sAtha pAtAla meM gayA / vahA~ usane dAnavakumArI, jo atIva sundarI thI, ko dekhA / dvArapAla ne unheM andara praviSTa nahIM hone diyA ataH ve saMsada bhavana kI ora Ae, jahA~ asura ne Adara ke sAtha unakA svAgata kiyA aura javAharAta tathA ratna bheMTa kiye / saMvara kI patnI ne unakA virodha kiyA // 5 // tatpazcAt nAgakumAra usI jaMgala kI kaMcanaguhA meM praviSTa huA / isakA mArga saMvara ne batAyA thA / vahA~ usakI bheMTa devI sudarzanA se huI / sudarzanA ne nAgakumAra kA svAgata kiyA aura apanI samasta vidyAoM ko use AgrahapUrvaka pradAna kiyaa| nAgakumAra ne vidyAoM kI prApti ko kathA jAnakara vidyAe~ svIkAra kara lIM / parantu devI se kahA ki abhI sabhI vidyAe~ vaha apane pAsa rakhe aura AvazyakatA hone para use de de / . isake bAda devI sudarzanA kI salAha se nAgakumAra eka anya kAlavetAlaguhA meM ghusA aura vahA~ jitazatru ko pUrNa sampatti ko prApta kara liyA / tadanantara vaha 'daitya- vRkSa - chidra' ke pAsa gyaa| vahA~ lakar3I ke rAkSasa ko Thokara mArI aura vahA~ jitazatru kA purAnA dhanuSa dekhA / bAhara Ane para vaha jinamandira gayA tathA vahA~ se apane nivAsasthAna para AyA / tadanantara nAgakumAra saMvara ke mArganirdezana meM jaMgala ke bAhara A gyaa| girizikhara kA vanarAjA rAjakumAra ke samIpa AyA aura usane sAdhu AdezAnusAra vaha apanI kanyA lakSmImatI kA vivAha usake sAtha karanA cAhatA hai / ataH vaha vanarAjA ke ghara gayA aura vivAha kiyA / eka dina nAgakumAra ne eka sAdhu se prazna kiyA ki vanarAjA koI jaMgala kA AdamI hai athavA rAjA ? isa para sAdhu ne vanarAjA kI kahAnI sunAI / puNDravardhana nAmaka nagara meM aparAjita nAma kA sUryavaMzI rAjA thaa| usake satyavatI aura vasundharA do rAniyA~ thIM / 16

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242 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka atibala aura bhImabala do putra the| rAjA ke vRddha hone para bhImabala gaddI para baiThA aura atibala ko dezanikAlA de diyaa| ataH vaha jaMgala meM basa gayA aura girizikhara nAma kA nagara bsaayaa| aba taka tIna pIr3hiyA~ bIta cukI haiM, vartamAna meM vanarAjA girizikhara meM hai aura somaprabha puNDravardhana meM zAsana karatA hai| isako sunakara. nAgakumAra ne vyAla se kahA ki zIghra hI puNDravardhana para AkramaNa karo aura rAjya lekara vanarAjA ko sauMpa do / bAda meM nAgakumAra aura vanarAjA vahA~ pahu~ce aura vanarAjA ko mukuTa phnaayaa| somaprabha supratiSThapura pahuMcA aura rAjA vijayasiMha ke acaya evaM abhaya ko apanI parAjaya kA samAcAra diyaa| bAda meM ve nAgakumAra ke sevaka ho gae // 6 // . lakSmImatI ko usake pitA ke pAsa chor3akara vaha apanI anya tIna patniyoM evaM sipAhiyoM ke sAtha urjayanta parvata kI yAtrA para calA / vaha eka jalantI nAmaka jaMgala meM pahuMcA aura viSaile Amra-kuMja meM par3Ava ddaalaa| usane pUre parikara ke sAtha Amra phaloM ko khAyA parantu unakA koI burA prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| isa para duramukha nAma kA bhIla prastuta huA aura eka camatkAra btaayaa| nAgakumAra kI khabara saba jagaha ho gii| ataH 500 yoddhAoM ne Akara nAgakumAra ko apanA svAmI svIkAra kiyA / vahA~ se vaha antaravana pahuMcA aura rAjA antarapura kA atithi bnaa| antarapUra ke rAjA ke pAsa girinagara ke rAjA arivarmA ko sahAyatA ke lie patra AyA thaa| nAgakumAra ne antarapura ke rAjA ke sAtha candrapradyota ke viruddha calane kI icchA vyakta kii| donoM ne senA ke sAtha girinagara ko prayANa kiyaa| nAgakumAra ke yuddhakauzala se candrapradyota pakar3a liyA gyaa| girinagara ke rAjA ne jaba yuddha ke nAyaka ke viSaya meM pUchA to antarapUra ke rAjA ne kahA ki vaha usakA atithi thaa| bAda meM jAnakArI huI ki vaha usakI bahina pRthvIdevI kA putra hai to atyAnanda manAyA gyaa| nAgakumAra ne usakI putrI guNamatI se vivAha kiyA / nAgakumAra ne pavitra parvata kI yAtrA ko aura pUjana kiyaa| eka dina nAgakumAra se sahAyatA prApta karane ke lie gajapura ke rAjA abhicandra kA dUta aayaa| vidyAdhara sukaNTha ne apane bhAI zubhacandra ko mArakara usakI sAta kanyAoM kA apaharaNa kara liyA thaa| 'nAgakumAra sahAyatA ke lie gayA aura sukaNTha ko mArakara rAjakumAriyoM ko mukta

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apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 243 karAyA / sUkaNTha ke putra vajrakaNTha ko rAjya sauMpakara usakI putrI rukmiNI se vivAha kiyA tathA gajapUra lauTakara abhicandra kI putrI candrA ke sAtha una sAtoM rAjakumAriyoM kA varaNa kiyA / / 7 / / ... idhara mahAvyAla bahuta samaya se gaNikAsundarI ke sAtha pATaliputra meM Ananda kara rahA thaa| eka dina eka yAtrI dvArA use jJAta huA ki dakSiNa madurA ke rAjA pAMDyA kI avaidha patnI kI putro ko koI vara hI pasanda nahIM aataa| vaha madurA pahu~cA aura sar3aka para eka kuMvArI kanyA dvArA dekhA gyaa| vaha yAtrI se prabhAvita huI aura apane karmacAriyoM se yAtrI ko pakar3a lAne ke lie khaa| yAtrI ne sabhI ko mAra diyaa| isa para lar3akI dvArA vaha puraskRta huaa| isI prakAra eka dina use eka yAtrI se mAlUma huA ki ujjaina kI rAjakumArI ko koI AdamI pasanda nahIM hai| mahAvyAla ne rAjA pAMDyA se ujjaina jAne ko apanI icchA vyakta kI / vaha ujjaina AyA aura anya vivAhecchukoM ke sAtha mahala meM gayA / rAjakumArI ne dUra bAlakanI se hI use dekhakara asvIkAra kara diyaa| ataH vaha apane bar3e bhAI ke pAsa gajapUra AyA aura nAgakumAra kA citra lekara punaH ujjaina phuNcaa| citra dekhakara rAjakumArI mohita ho gii| nAgakumAra ke sAtha usakA vivAha huaa| . nAgakumAra ne mahAvyAla se usako dakSiNa-yAtrA kA koI Azcarya pUchA / usane batAyA ki kiSkindhA-malAyA meM meghapura ke rAjA ko kanyA ne pratijJA kI hai ki jo use nRtya karate hue mRdaMga se harA degA vaha usI kA varaNa kregii| nAgakumAra sunate hI vahA~ gayA aura usase vivAha kiyaa| * eka dina eka saudAgara meghapura usake sasura ke yahA~ upahAroM ke sAtha AyA aura nAgakumAra se kahA ki toyAvalo dvIpa meM eka jinamandira hai '. aura vahA~ eka vRkSa para kucha kumAriyA~ sahAyatA ke lie cillA rahI thiiN| ve eka vidyAdhara ke saMrakSaNa meM thoM jo ki unheM kisI se vArtAlApa kI anumati nahIM de rahA thaa| nAgakumAra ne sudarzanA kA smaraNa kiyA aura vaha avilamba upasthita huii| usase vidyAe~ lekara vaha toyAvalI dvIpa pahu~cA aura prathama jinamandira meM pUjana kiyaa| una kumAriyoM meM se bar3I ne use batAyA ki bhUmitilaka ke rAjA zrIrakSa ke 500 putriyA~ thIM jinako ki unake bhAnje ne katla kara diyA aura unheM tathA unake do bhAiyoM ko jela meM DAla diyaa| nAgakumAra ne acaya aura abhaya ko

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244 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka rAjadUta banAkara pavanavega ke pAsa bhejaa| parantu ve apane kArya meM asaphala rhe| ataH yuddha haA aura pavanavega mArA gyaa| rAjakUmAriyoM se zAdo ko aura unake bhAiyoM ko rAjya dilAkara nAgakumAra pAMDyA ke rAjya meM lauTa AyA // 8 // - navIM aura antima saMdhi meM nAgakumAra Andhra ke dantIpura nagara meM pahuMcate haiM / vahA~ candragupta ko putro ratnamaMjUSA se unakA vivAha hotA hai| vahA~ se ve tribhuvanatilaka jAte haiM aura lakSmImati kA varaNa karate haiM, jo . unheM sarvAdhika AkRSTa karatI hai| muni pihitAzrava iso avasara para vahA~. Ate haiN| nAgakumAra unake dArzanika aura dhArmika vyAkhyAnoM.ko sUtatA hai| muni se rAjakumAra ne antima patnI ke AkarSaNa kA kAraNa puuchaa| isake uttara meM muni nAgakumAra ke pUrvajanma kI kathA sunAte haiN| airAvata :. deza meM vItazokapura nAma kA eka nagara thaa| vahA~ dhanadatta nAma kA seTha aura dhanezvarI nAma kI usakI patnI thii| usake putra,nAgadatta ne vahIM ke eka seTha kI putrI nAgavasu se vivAha kiyaa| nAgadatta ne phAlguna mAha kI paMcamI kA vrata liyaa| vrata rakhane para dina kA samaya to pUjanAdi meM vyatIta ho gayA parantu ardha rAtri hote-hote use garmI-pyAsa lgii| vratabhaMga usane nahIM hone diyA parantu mara gayA aura marakara prathama svarga meM deva huaa| muni ne Age kahA ki nAgadatta hI nAgakumAra ke rUpa meM janmA aura lakSmImati usakI pUrvabhava kI patnI hI hai ataH pragAr3ha prema huaa| muni isake bAda vrata pAlane kA. DhaMga batAte haiN| aise hI avasara para mantrI nayanadhara Ate haiM aura nAgakumAra ko vApisa kanakapura le jAte haiN| pitA svAgata karate haiM aura rAjyatilaka karate haiN| rAjyArUr3ha hote hI nAgakumAra vyAla dvArA apanI samasta vivAhitAoM ko bulavA lete haiN| una sabake sAtha ve rAjyopabhoga karate haiN| rAjA jayandhara aura pRthvIdevI vairAgya yApana karate haiN| nAgakumAra bahuta kAla taka rAjya karate haiM aura bAda meM vyAla, mahAvyAla, acaya aura abhaya ke sAtha munidIkSA le lete haiN| nAgakumAra ko zrIpaMcamI ke vrata kA phala milatA hai| jambUsAmicariu jaina vAGmaya meM jambUsvAmI sambandhI vipula sAmagrI upalabdha hai| jambUsvAmI kA caritra jainoM meM atyadhika mahattvapUrNa aura stutya rahA hai /

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. .. apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 245 yahI kAraNa hai ki carita, kathA, rAsa Adi vividha kAvyarUpoM meM evaM saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI Adi vividha bhASAoM meM 95 kAvya jambUsvAmI-viSayaka milate haiN| prastuta kAvya' kI racanA vora kavi ( vi0 saM0 1025 ) ne apabhraMza bhASA meM kI hai| isakI kathA saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai : ___ grantha kA prArambha jinendra devoM kI stuti se hotA hai / granthakAra apane mAtA-pitA, preraNAdAyakoM kA paricaya dene ke bAda mUlakathA Arambha karatA hai| magadhadeza meM rAjagRha nAmaka nagara thaa| vahA~ ke rAjA kA nAma zreNika thaa| zreNika kaI sahasra sundara rAniyoM kA pati thaa| eka bAra vipulAcala para bha0 mahAvIra kA samavasaraNa huaa| zreNika rAjA apane samasta sambandhita parikara ke sAtha bha0 mahAvIra ke darzanoM ke lie vahA~ gyaa| rAjA kI jijJAsAnusAra bhagavAn ne jIvAdi tattvoM kI vyAkhyA kii| iso avasara para eka mahAtejasvI deva apanI cAra deviyoM ke sAtha vimAna se utarA aura bhagavAn kI vandanA kara ucita sthAna para baiTha gayA / zreNika ne kutUhalavaza usake viSaya meM bhagavAna se pUchA / bhagavAn ne batAyA ki yaha vidyunmAlI* nAmaka deva hai jo sAtaveM dina svarga se cyuta hokara isI nagara meM manuSya kA janma legA tathA tapasyA dvArA isI bhana se mokSa jaayegaa| zreNika ne deva ke pUrva bhavoM kI kathA jAnane kI icchA bhagavAn se prakaTa kii| bhagavAn ne deva ke pUrva bhavoM kI kathA sunaaii| magadhadeza meM varddhamAna nAmaka brAhmaNoM kA gAMva thaa| vahA~ somazarma apanI patnI somazarmA ke sAtha rahatA thaa| unake bhavadatta aura bhavadeva nAmaka zAstroM ko jAnane vAle do putra the| kucha dinoM bAda somazarma vyAdhi se itanA pIDita huA ki jIvita hI agni meM praviSTa ho mRtyu ko prApta huaa| usakI patnI bhI usI samaya citA meM jalakara bhasma ho gii| viyoga zAMta ho jAne para bar3e putra bhavadatta ne rAjya sNbhaalaa| kucha samaya pazcAt sudharma nAmaka muni nagara meM padhAre / unake . 1. DA0 vI0 pI0 jaina dvArA sampAdita va bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI se 1967 meM prakAzita; prastAvanA pR0 43--47 para jambUsvAmI-viSayaka racanA-sUcI.

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* 246 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka upadezoM ke prabhAva se bhavadatta ko vairAgya ho gyaa| aba bhavadeva ne rAjya saMbhAla liyaa| 12 varSa pazcAt eka munisaMgha usa nagara meM aayaa| bhavadeva kA vivAha ho rahA thA tabhI muni bhavadatta ( usake bar3e bhAI ) usake daravAje para pahu~ce / bhavadeva bIca maNDapa se bhavadatta kI khabara sunakara uTha AyA / bhavadeva ne muni ko AhAra diyaa| tadanantara. nagaravAsiyoM sahita muni ko chor3ane dUra taka aayaa| sabhI lauTa gae parantu bhavadeva ne socA ki bhavadatta muni lauTane ko kaheM taba vaha lauTe / parantu munisaMgha meM paha~cane para usane anecchA hote hue bhI AcArya se dIkSA le lI / parantu bhavadeva apanI vivAhitA ke dhyAna meM rahatA aura ghara lauTane kA avasara khojatA rhtaa| kisI prakAra bAraha varSa bItane para munisaMgha punaH varddhamAna grAma ke samIpa ThaharA / bhavadeva apane mana meM patnI kI icchA se grAma meM AtA hai| mArga meM jinacaityAlaya meM nAgavasU se usako bheMTa ho gii| nAgavasU vratAdi ke kAraNa atyadhika kRza ho gaI thii| ataH bhavadeva use nahIM pahacAna skaa| bhavadeva ne usI se apane kUTamba ke viSaya meM pUchA / nAgavasU ne apanA paricaya diyA aura bhavadeva ko vratabhaMga na karane kA upadeza diyaa| bhavadeva ne pUnaH prAyazcitta ke sAtha tapa kiyA aura donoM bhAI marakara tIsare svarga meM deva he| tadanantara bhavadatta svarga se apanI Ayu pUrNa karake puMDarikiNI nagarI ke rAjA vajradaMta kI rAnI yazodhanA kA putra huaa| aba isakA nAma sAgaracanda thaa| pUrvavideha meM votazoka nagarI ke rAjA mahApadma kI rAnI vanamAlA ke garbha se bhavadeva ne janma liyaa| isakA nAma zivakumAra rakhA gyaa| avasthA prApta hote hI yuvarAja pada para AsIna huA aura kaI rAjakumAriyoM se vivAha kiyaa| sAgaracanda kI nagarI meM subaMdhutilaka muni ne sAgaracanda ko usake pUrva janma ke donoM bhAiyoM kI kathA sunaaii| ataH vaha dIkSita ho gyaa| zibakumAra ko bhI pUrvabhava kI kathA kA smaraNa ho aayaa| parantu unake mAtA-pitA ne dIkSA kI anumati nahIM dI / phira bhI ve mantrI-putra ke hAthoM zuddha AhAra grahaNa karate the| anta meM sanyAsapUrvaka maraNa huaa| usI tapa ke prabhAva se pahale bhavadeva, phira svarga meM deva, phira zivakumAra aura isake bAda yaha vidyunmAlo nAma kA deva huA hai| aba vidyunmAlo deva manuSyabhava meM janma lekara vidyutprabha nAmaka cora ke sAtha dIkSA legaa| zreNika ne vidyunmAlI kI cAra deviyoM

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apabhraMza kathA: paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 247 pUrvabhavoM ke viSaya meM bhagavAn se pUchA / bhagavAn ne kahA - bhAratadeza "meM campAnagarI kA sUryasena nAmaka eka seTha thA, jisake cAra patniyA~ thIM / sUryasena kor3hI ho gayA / usakI cAroM patniyoM ne sumati nAmaka muni se zrAvakadharma ke vrata le lie| pati kI mRtyu ke bAda sampUrNa sampatti se maMdira nirmANa karAyA / AryikA banakara tapa dvArA svarga meM vidyunmAlI kI cAroM deviyA~ huI haiN| zreNika rAjA ne punaH vidyuccora ke pUrvabhava ke viSaya meM pUchA to bhagavAn ne batAyA ki vaha hastinApura ke rAjA visaMdha kA putra hai / coro kA vyasana ho jAne se vaha rAjA ke pAsa se bhAga AyA aura yahA~ kAmalatAM vezyA ke ghara meM rahatA hai| corI usakA mukhya vyasana hai / / isake bAda bhagavAn ne batAyA ki vidyunmAlI isI rAjagRha nagara ke zreSTha aradAsa kI patnI jinamatI ke yahA~ putrarUpa meM janma legA / isI bIca eka yakSa apane kula kI prazaMsA sunakara nAca uThA / zreNika ne isakA kAraNa pUchA to bhagavAn ne samAdhAna kiyA ki dhanadatta seTha kI gotravatI nAma kI patnI thI / usase aradAsa aura jinadAsa do putra utpanna hue / jinadAsa vyasanoM meM par3a gyaa| eka dina eka juArI ne use mAra diyA / zubhakarmoM se use yaha yakSayoni milI hai aura pUrvabhava ke kula ko unnati sunakara prasanna ho rahA hai / tatpazcAt bhagavAn ne rAjA ko dharmopadeza diye aura jambUsvAmI ke viSaya meM savistAra batAyA / rAjA saparikara apane nagara lauTa AyA sAta dina bItane para aradAsa kI patnI ne rAtri ke antima prahara meM pA~ca svapna dekhe : 1. suvAsita jambUphaloM kA gucchA, 2. samasta dizAoM kA prakAzita karane vAlI nirdhUma agni, 3. puSpita evaM phalabhAra se namra zAlikSetra, 4. cakravAka, haMsa Adi pakSiyoM ke kalarava se yukta sarovara, 5. magaramaccha Adi jalacaroM se paripUrNa vizAla sAMgara / isI samaya vidyunmAlI deva jinamato ke garbha meM AyA / samaya Ane para putrotpanna huA / usa samaya candramA rohiNI nakSatra meM thA / putra kA nAma jambUsvAmo rakhA gayA / sundaratA se isa bAlaka ne kAmadeva ko jIta liyA thA / bar3e hone para zikSA-dIkSA pUrNaM huI / khyAti cAroM ora phaila gaI / nagara kI striyA~ ise dekha mantramugdha hokara besudha ho jAtI thIM 1 aradAsa ne bAtoM-bAtoM meM hI bahuta pahale apane cAra mitroM ko unakI

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248 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka kanyAoM se apane putra kI zAdo kA vacana de diyA thaa| ataH ina cAroM se dhUmadhAma ke sAtha jambUsvAmI kA vivAha racAyA gyaa| isI zubhAvasara para rAjA ne vasantotsava manAne kI ghoSaNA kii| sabhI ne upavana meM jAkara kelikrIDApUrvaka utsava mnaayaa| jalakrIr3A ke bAda jaba sabhInagara ko lauTa rahe the tabhI rAjA kA viSamasaMgrAmazUra nAmaka hAthI bigar3a gayA aura usane AtaMka kI sthiti paidA kara dii| sabhI prayatna niSphala hue parantu jambUsvAmI ne hAtho ko vaza meM kiyA aura rAjA dvArA prazaMsApAtra bne| rAjA ne z2ambasvAmI kA sammAna kiyA aura nagara meM pahu~cakara rAjasabhA bulaaii| eka dina rAjA jambUsvAmI ke sAtha rAjasabhA meM baiThA thA to gaganagati nAmaka vidyAdhara AyA aura rAjA se nivedana karane lagA ki kerala ke mRgAMka rAjA kI saundaryamati vilAsavatI nAmaka kanyA. se ApakA vivAha honA cAhiye-yaha eka ,muni kA kathana hai| parantu haMsadvIpa ke ratnacala rAjA ne usa kanyA ko prApta karane ke lie kerala kA gherA DAla diyA hai| kerala ke rAjA ne kala ke dina nagara se bAhara Akara * yuddha karane kA nizcaya kiyA hai / ataH maiM bhI kerala jA rahA hU~ aura apane dharma kA pAlana karUMgA / rAjA kI AjJA lekara jambUsvAmI vidyAdhara ke vimAna se kerala kI ora cala diye / idhara rAjA ne apane senApatiyoM ko kerala kI ora kUca kara dene ko AjJA dii| rAjA. bhI senA ke sAtha claa| vana-nadiyoM-parvatoM ko pAra karate hue kurala parvata ke samIpa rAjA ne par3Ava DAla diyaa| jambUsvAmI kerala nagarI ke bAhara hI vimAna se utara gae aura mRgAMka rAjA ke dUta banakara ratnazekhara ko chAvanI meM ge| ratnazekhara ko dUsare kI kanyA balapUrvaka na lene kI salAha dene para donoM meM vivAda bar3ha gyaa| ratnazekhara ne data ko pakar3akara mAra DAlane kA Adeza diyaa| jambUsvAmI ne vidyAdhara dvArA dI gaI talavAra-DhAla se saikar3oM yoddhAoM ko mRtyu ke ghATa utAra diyaa| vidyAdhara ne bhI yuddha kiyA aura zatru kI senA chinna-bhinna kara do| ___mRgAMka ko yaha samAcAra milA to vaha bhI apanI senAoM ke sAtha nagara se bAhara AyA aura bhayaMkara yuddha huaa| ratnazekhara aura gaganagati ne AkAza-yuddha kiyA jisameM vidyAdhara ghAyala huaa| ratnazekhara ne punaH mRgAMka se yuddha kiyA aura use bA~dhakara le gy|| isase mRgAMka kI senA ghabar3A gii|

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apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 249 jambUsvAmI abhI taka chAvanI meM hI the| jaise hI ve bAhara Aye, gaganagati ne yuddha ke samAcAra die to jambasvAmI ne keralIya senA ko pUnaH ekatrita kiyA aura yuddha cher3a diyaa| narasaMhAra hone lgaa| jambUsvAmI ne ratnazekhara ko dvandva yuddha ke lie lalakArA jisase adhika vinAza na ho / donoM meM dvandva yuddha huaa| ratnazekhara parAsta huA / mRgAMka ko bandhanamukta karAkara jambUsvAmI kerala nagarI meM ge| kucha dina kerala meM rahane ke pazcAt mRgAMka apanI kanyA va patnI ke sAtha gaganagati vidyAdhara, ratnazekhara Adi ke aneka vimAnoM ko lekara magadhadeza ko cala par3e / parvata ke nikaTa pahu~cate hI rAjA zreNika ko sasainya bheMTa huI / rAjA ne jambUsvAmIsahita sabakA svAgata kiyaa| vilAsavatI kanyA kA rAjA se vivAha kara diyA gyaa| mRgAMka va ratnazekhara meM maitrI ho gaI / saba loga apane-apane nivAsoM ko lauTa ge| zreNika rAjA bhI rAjagRha kI ora cala pdd'e| nagara ke bAhara upavana meM sudharma nAmaka muni 500 muniyoM ke sAtha virAjamAna the| rAjA ne sabhI ke sAtha muni kI vaMdanA kii| jambUkumAra ne praNAma kiyaa| ___ sudharma muni ko dekhate hI jambUsvAmI kA unake prati sneha umar3a par3A / ataH isakA kAraNa unhoMne muni se puuchaa| sudharma muni ne bhavadattabhavadeva ke janma se lekara donoM ke 5 bhavoM kA varNana kiyaa| unhoMne batAyA ki jambU pahale bhavadeva thA aura muni svayaM bhvdtt| isake bAda . . donoM svarga meM deva hue| vahAM se vidyunmAlI deva ke rUpa se cyuta hokara - jambUsvAmI ke rUpa meM Aye aura muni svayaM magadhadeza ke saMvAhana nagara ke rAjA ke sudharma nAmaka putra hue| isa prakAra muni ne kahA ki rAjA supratiSTha eka dina bhagavAn ke samavasaraNa meM gae aura dIkSita ho ge| maiMne bhI pitA kA anugamana kiyaa| pitA bhagavAn ke caturtha gaNadhara aura maiM pAMcavAM gaNadhara huaa| vahI maiM sasaMgha yahA~ AyA huuN| tumhArI cAra deviyoM ne bhI cAra zreSThiyoM ke yahA~ cAra sundarI kanyAoM ke rUpa meM janma liyA hai / Aja se Thoka dasaveM dina tumhArA unase pariNaya ho jaayegaa| yaha saba sunakara jambUsvAmI ko vairAgya ho gyaa| unhoMne dIkSA kI anumati maaNgii| mAtA-pitA evaM cAroM kanyAoM ke pitAoM ke anurodha para jambUsvAmI ne yaha svIkAra kara liyA ki ve eka dina ke lie vivAha

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250 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka kareMge aura dUsare dina dIkSA le leNge| vivAha huA aura rAtrikAla meM sundara candrodaya huaa| cAroM kubhAriyAM vAsagRha meM jambUsvAmI ko rijhAne ke lie vividha kAmaceSTAeM karane lgiiN| jambUsvAmI ko cAroM patniyoM ke saundarya evaM kAmaceSTAoM kA una para kiMcit prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| unhoMne nirAza hokara kramazaH laukika sukhoM kI kahAniyAM jambUsvAmI ko sunaaiiN| parantu inake uttarasvarUpa jambUsvAmI ne bhI utanI hI kahAniyAM sunAIM aura patniyoM kI kahAniyoM kA khaNDana kara diyaa| isI meM AdhI rAta ho gaI / vidyuccara nAmaka cora chipakara ina sabake vArtAlApa ko suna rahA thaa| usakA citta badala gyaa| jambUkumAra ko mAM vyAkulatAvaza bAra-bAra jAga rahI thI, usane cora ko dekhA aura usase pUchA ki tU yahAM kyoM hai aura tujhe kyA cAhiye ? cora ne apanA paricaya diyA aura mAM se saba bAta pUchakara kahA ki isa ghara meM mujhe pahu~cAo, yadi meM samajhA sakA to ThIka hai anyathA maiM bhI dIkSA le luuNgaa| mAM ne jambUsvAmI ko usakA paricaya apane bhAI ke rUpa meM kraayaa| jambUsvAmI ne mAmA ke samAcAra pUche / vidyaccara ne uttara, dakSiNa, pazcima ke bAda pUrva dizA meM bhramaNa kie hue dezoM ke nAma lie| tatpazcAt vidyaccara ne jambUsvAmI ko sAMsArika sukha kI AvazyakatA Adi ke viSaya meM cAra kathAeM sunaaiiN| parantu unake khaNDana meM jambUsvAmI ne bhI cAra kathAeM sunaaii| jambUsvAmI para kisI kA kucha prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| vidyuccara ko bhI saMsAra asAra lagane lagA aura usane bhI dIkSA lene kI icchA vyakta kii| jambUsvAmI ke sAtha unake mAtA-pitA, cAroM vadhueM aura vidhuccara tathA rAjA zreNika sudharmagaNadhara ke pAsa phuNce| jambUsvAmI, unake pitA aura vidyuccara nirgrantha sAdhu ho ge| unakI mAtA evaM vadhueM ArthikAeM ho giiN| aThAraha varSoparAnta vipulagiri se sudharmasvAmI mokSa ge| isI dina jambUsvAmI ko kevalajJAna prApta huaa| isake bAda jambUsvAmI aThAraha varSoM taka dharmoMpadeza karate rahe aura vipulagiri parvata se mokSa ge| mAtA-pitA evaM vadhue vibhinna svargoM meM deva hue| jambasvAmI ke mokSagamanoparAnta vidyuccara munisaMgha ke sAtha tAmralipti padhAre aura nagara ke bAharaM tthhre|

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4 apabhraMza kathA: paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 251 vahAM bhUta-pizAcoM ne ghora upasarga kie jinheM muni zrI vidyuccara ke atirikta anya koI sahana nahIM kara sake / anya muni dhyAna chor3akara bhAga gae / upasarga meM koI kamI nahIM AI parantu muni vidyuccara bAraha bhAva - nAoM ke smaraNa ke sAtha dhyAna meM tallIna bane rhe| isa prakAra samAdhimaraNa ke bAda ve sarvArthasiddhi meM pahu~ce / vahA~ ve apanI Ayu pUrI karake manuSyajanma leMge aura usI janma se mokSa jAyeMge / karakaMDucariu karakaDucariu' 11vIM zatAbdI ke madhyabhAga kI racanA mAnI gaI hai / isake racayitA muni kanakAmara haiM / grantha meM dasa pariccheda haiM jinameM karakaMDu mahArAja kI caritra - varNana kiyA gayA hai / kathA kA saMkSepa isa prakAra hai : graMthArambha meM kavi kAmadeva kA vinAza karane vAle paramAtmapada meM lIna jinendradeva ke caraNoM kA smaraNa karatA hai / tadanantara sarasvatI devI ko mana meM dhAraNa karake logoM ke kAnoM ko suhAvane lagane vAle karakaMDu rAjA ke caritra kA varNana karatA hai / jambUdvIpa ke bharatakSetra meM aMgadeza kI campA nAmaka ramaNIka nagarI meM zatruoM kA nAza karane vAle parAkramI evaM dAnI dhADIvAhana nAma ke rAjA the| eka dina rAjA dhADIvAhana ne kusumapura nAmaka sthAna ko gamana kiyaa| vahA~ eka mAlI dvArA poSita . sundara kanyA ko dekha rAjA kAma se pIr3ita ho gae / kusumadatta nAmaka mAlI se rAjA ko jJAta huA ki usane usa kanyA ko nadI meM bahatI huI piTArI se prApta kiyA thA / rAjA ne peTI meM rakhI svarNamayI aMgulI kI mohara ke akSaroM se jJAta kiyA ki kanyA kauzAmbInareza vasupAla kI padmAvatI nAma kI kanyA hai / rAjaputrI hone se rAjA ne usase pariNaya kara liyA / rAjA mAlI ko bahuta-sA dravya dekara rAnI ke sAtha apane nagara vApisa lauTa aaye| eka dina rAnI ne svapna meM eka masta hAthI dekhA | 1. DA0 hIrAlAla jaina dvArA sampAdita, kAraMjA jaina sirIja, 1935 aura dvi0 saMskaraNa bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI, 1964.

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252 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka rAjA ne svapnaphala meM pUtrotpatti kI bAta khii| jaba padmAvatI kI garbhAvasthA AI, rAjA ne saubhAgyotsava mnaayaa| isa zubha avasara para rAnI ko dohalA utpanna huaa| vaha dina-ba-dina kRza hotI gii| rAjA ne kAraNa pUchA to saMkoca ke sAtha rAnI ne kahA ki rimajhima ba~doM meM nararUpa meM hAthI para Apake sAtha bhramaNa karane kI icchA hai| rAjA ne yaha. sambhava kara diyaa| parantu jisa hAthI para ve car3hakara cale vaha hAthI bhAgakara kAliMjara kI ora cala par3A aura kisI bhI prakAra nahIM rukaa| . rAnI ke Agraha para rAjA vRkSa kI DAla pakar3akara baca gayA aura duHkhI mana rAjya meM vApisa lauTa aayaa| daur3ate-daur3ate hAthI eka gahare sarovara meM ghusa gyaa| rAnI caturAI se jala meM kUda pdd'ii| rAnI sarovara se nikalakara eka upavana meM pahu~cI joki sUkhA par3A thaa| vaha vahIM eka vRkSa ke nIce vizrAma karane lgii| upavana, nandanavana ke samAna phala-phUla . utthaa| yaha dekhakara vanapAla vahA~ A phuNcaa| vanapAla vana ke phUlane ke kAraNa kI khoja karane lgaa| vanapAla ne rAnI ko dekhA aura use putrI kahakara apane ghara calane ko khaa| vaha usake ghara calI gii| mAlI ko patnI kusumadattA ke mana meM rAnI ke saundarya ko dekhakara pApa A gayA aura vaha apane pati ke prati zaMkA karane lgii| ataH mAlina ne rAnI ko doSa lagAkara ghara se nikAla diyaa| garbhavatI rAnI ne eka zmazAna bhUmi meM honahAra putra ko janma diyaa| bAlaka ke janma se zmazAna meM bhI aneka maMgala he| rAnI apane putra ko godI meM uThA hI rahI thI ki use apane sAmane eka mAtaMga dikhAI pdd'aa| mAtaMga ne zizu ko uThA liyaa| rAnI vilApa karane lagI to mAtaMgarUpadhAro vidyAdhara ne rAnI ko samajhAyA ki eka bAra meM apanI patnI ke sAtha AkAzamArga se jA rahA thA to viMdhyaparvata ke Upara pahu~cate hI merA vimAna ruka gyaa| nIce Akara dekhA to muni the, maiMne unheM khaDga se mArane kA nizcaya kiyaa| muni ne merI vidyAoM ke nAza hone kA zApa diyaa| merI prArthanA para unhoMne kahA ki dhADIvAhana kI rAnI padmAvatI zmazAna bhUmi meM putrotpanna kregii| taba tU usakA pAlana . karegA tathA use rAjya milegA aura tujhe sabhI vidyAe~ pUrvavat mila jaayeNgii| ___ mAtaMga bAlaka ko apane ghara le gyaa| padmAvatI ne duHkhahArI vrata le liyA / bAlaka ke hAtha meM khAja thA ataH usakA nAma karakaMDu rakhA /

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apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 253 eka bAra zmazAna meM yazobhadra aura vIrabhadra munIzvara aaye| unake saMgha meM se eka ne eka narakapAla ko A~khoM aura mukha se bA~sa kA viTapa nikalate dekhaa| isa Azcarya kA kAraNa unhoMne muni se puuchaa| muni ne batAyA ki ye thor3e se bA~sa jisake hAtha car3ha jAyeMge vaha samasta pRthvI kA rAjA hogaa| kisI prakAra ve saba bA~sa karakaMDu ke hAtha laga gae / mAtaMga ne karakaMDu ko nAnA vidyAeM sikhlaaiiN| mAtaMga karakaMDu ko vidyAvAn kI saMgati kA upadeza detA hai| use udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa karatA hai| mUrkhasaMgati kA kuphala evaM nIca-saMgati kI kahAnI batAtA hai / ucca-puruSa kI kahAnI batAtA hai / isa prakAra karakaMDu ko mAtaMga kucha-na-kucha sikhalAtA rahatA hai| karakaMDu bhI hara samaya khecara mAtaMga ke pAsa rahatA hai| idhara dantIpura ke rAjA kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| koI rAjakumAra na hone ke kAraNa mantrI ne eka hAthI ko pUjakara use jala se bharA ghar3A dekara yaha nizcaya kiyA ki yaha hAthI jisa kisI kA isa jala se abhiSeka karegA usI ko rAjya sauMpa diyA jaayegaa| hAthI ne zmazAna bhUmi meM eka kAmadeva svarUpa rAjakumAra ko dekhA aura usI para ghar3e kA jala chor3a diyaa| loga use mAtaMgaputra samajha rahe the| vidyAdhara kI sArI vidyAeM lauTa AIM aura tabhI usane sabako karakaMDu ke rAjakumAra hone kI bAta btaaii| karakaMDu isa prakAra rAjya para AsIna huA / . eka dina karakaMDu nagara meM bhramaNa kara rahA thA to usane eka dezAMtara se Aye hue paTadhArI ko dekhaa| usase karakaMDu ne paTa lekara dekhA to vaha mugdha-sA dekhatA rhaa| pUchane para paTadhArI ne batAyA ki 'soraTha * deza ke giranagara nAmaka nagara ke rAjA yamarAja ajayavarmA kI atIva sundara kanyA madanAvalI kA janma huaa| avasthA prApta kanyA ne khecaroM '. 'se karakaMDu kI kIrti ke gIta sune aura vaha madanapor3ita ho gii| ataH yaha citrapaTa usI kA maiM lie ghUma rahA huuN| jo ise dekhakara mohita ho vahI usakA vara hogaa| Apa merI bAta mAnakara use grahaNa kreN|' karakaMDu ne bAta svIkAra kara lI aura madanAvalI ko vivAha lAye / mAtA AzIrvAda de rahI thIM ki campAdhIza kA saMdeza phuNcaa| campAdhIza aura karakaMDu kI senAoM meM ghamAsAna yuddha huaa| yuddha meM karakaMDu ne khecarI vidyA chodd'ii| jaba usakI vidyA kA haraNa kara liyA gayA to usane dhanuSa hAtha meM liyaa| yuddha meM campAdhipa kA mAna dalita huA / samarAM

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254 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka gaNa meM mAtA padmAvatI kA Agamana huaa| usane karakaMDu ko batAyA ki campAdhipa usake pitA haiN| padmAvatI ne pitA-putra kI pahacAna kraaii| donoM kA milApa huA aura karakaMDu ko caMpAdhipa kA rAjya milaa| .. isake bAda karakaMDu ne dravir3a deza ko jotane kI pratijJA kI / karakaMDu ke mantrI ne batAyA ki cola, pANDya aura cera nAma ke rAjA Apako sevA nahIM karate / isa para karakaMDu ne unake pAsa apanA dUta bhejA / dUta ko una rAjAoM ne yaha kahakara vApisa kara diyA ki ve jina ke sivAya kiso ko sira nahIM jhukAte / karakaMDu ne sUcanA pAte hI una para senA ke sAtha car3hAI kara do| mArga meM vaha terApura nagara meM phuNcaa| vahAM ke rAjA ziva ne karakaMr3a se bheMTa ko aura samIpa ko pahAr3I ke car3hAva para eka vAmI hai jisakI pUjA pratidina eka hAtho karatA hai-yaha bAta use btlaaii| rAjA karakaMDu usa rAjA ke sAtha vahAM gayA, pArjanAtha ke darzana kiye tathA Upara car3hakara vAmI ko bhI dekhaa| usI samaya hAthI sarovara se kamala lekara AyA aura vahIM Akara cddh'aayaa| rAjA ne vAmI ko khudavAyA to vahAM pArzvanAtha bhagavAn kI mUrti nikalI, jise ve bar3I bhakti se guphA meM le aaye| mUrti ke siMhAsana para karakaMDu ko eka gAMTha-sI dikhAI pdd'ii| usane zilpI se pUchA to zilpI ne batAyA ki yahAM eka jalavAhinI thI, usI ko banda karane ke lie. yaha lagAI gaI hai| karakaMDu ko jalavAhinI dekhane kA kautuka huA aura gAMTha ko tur3avA diyaa| gAMTha ke TUTate hI athAha jala nikala pdd'aa| karakaMDu pazcAttApa karane lage tabhI eka vidyAdhara ne Akara guphA kA itihAsa batAyA aura jalapravAha rokane kA vacana diyaa| karakaMDu ne usa deva se pUchA ki isa guphA-mandira ko kisane banavAyA ? deva ne kahA ki eka samaya dakSiNa vijayA ke rathanapUra nagara meM nIla aura mahAnIla nAma ke do vidyAdhara bhAI rAjya karate the / zatru ne unheM khader3a diyA to ve terApura meM Akara rahane lge| dhIre-dhIre unhoMne vahAM rAjya sthApita kara liyA aura eka jaina muni ke upadeza se isa guphAmandira kA nirmANa kraayaa| isI samaya do vidyAdhara laMkA kI ora yAtrA para jA rahe the| unhoMne rAvaNa ke vaMzajoM dvArA banavAye gaye malaya

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apabhraMza kathA: paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 255 deza ke pUdI parvata para jinamaMdira meM eka sundara jinapratimA dekhii| ve * vaisI mUrti apane yahAM banavAne ke dhyeya se usa mUrti ko uThAkara cale / terApura pahu~cane para ve parvata para mUrti ko rakhakara jinamaMdira ke darzana ko cale ge| lauTakara ve usa mUrti ko uThAne lage to vaha unase nahIM uThI / una logoM ne muni ke upadeza se mUrti ko vahIM chor3A aura svayaM vairAgya le liyaa| inameM se eka bhAI marakara svarga gayA aura dUsarA mAyAcArI hone ke kAraNa hAthI banA / svargavAsI bhAI ne apane bhAI ko Akara jAtismaraNa karAyA jisase vaha ukta vAmI kI pUjA karane AtA thaa| phira vidyAdhara ne karakaMDu ko eka dUsarI guphA banavAne kI salAha dI / karakaMDu ne vahAM do guphAeM aura bnvaaii| isake bAda karakaMDu ke sAtha eka duHkhada ghaTanA huI ki usakI rAnI madanAvalI ko koI vidyAdhara hAthI ke rUpa meM Akara haraNa kara le gayA / karakaMDu ko zokasantapta dekhakara pUrva janma ke saMyogo vidyAdhara ne use samajhAyA ki use madanAvalI avazya mila jaayegii| isake sAtha hI naravAhanadatta kA AkhyAna bhI karakaMDu ko sunaayaa| isake bAda karakaMDu ko vidyAdhara kI bAtoM se samAdhAna ho gayA aura ve Age bar3he | karakaMDu ko aneka zubha zakuna hue / khecara ne zakunoM kA phala batAyA / karakaMDu bIca-bIca meM rukatA huA siMhaladvIpa pahu~cA / siMhalanareza ne karakaMDu kA svAgata kiyaa| jaba karakaMDu ko siMhalanareza ne apanI putrI rativegA ko dikhAyA to rativegA karakaDu ko dekhate hI mugdha ho gii| pitA ne sthiti samajhakara usakA vivAha karakaMDu se kara diyA / vaha apane daheja aura rativegA ke sAtha samudra mArga se svadeza ravAnA huaa| samudra meM eka bhImakAya maccha ne unakI naukA para AkramaNa * kiyaa| maccha ko dekhakara karakaMDu malla-gAMTha bAMdha aura zastra se samudra meM kUda par3A / maccha ko usane mAra DAlA parantu eka vidyAdhara kI putrI ne usakA haraNa kara liyA / rativegA vilApa karane lagI / mantrI Adi naukAoM ber3e kinAre lagAyA / rativegA ne bahuta pUjA-pATha kiyA / padmAvatI devI prakaTa huI aura rativegA ko usake pati mila jAne kI bAta khii| rativegAne dhairya dhAraNa karake devI se pUchA ki koI gayA huA vyakti loTakara kabhI AtA hai ? devI ne jina bhagavAn ke bhakta aridamana kA

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256 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka caritra use sunaayaa| rativegA vahIM dharma-karma pUrvaka apane dina bitAne lgii| karakaMDu ko jo vidyAdharI apane ghara le gaI thI usane apane pitA ko anumati se karakaMDu ko apanA pati banA liyaa| vahA~ bhoga karane ke bAda karakaMDu navavadhU ke sAtha rativegA se A mile| isake bAda unhoMne cola, cera aura pAMDya narezoM para AkramaNa kiyA aura unheM parAsta kiyaa| karakaMDu ne vijaya ke bAda apanA paira unake mukuTa para rakhA'tI use jinatimA dikhAI par3a gii| isase karakaMDu ko bahuta pazcAttApa huaa| usane rAjya vApisa karanA cAhA parantu una rAjAoM ne ise svIkAra nahIM kiyA aura ve tapasyA karane cale gye| karakaMr3a vahA~ se lauTate hue punaH terApura Aye / yahA~ vidyAdhara ne svayaM madanAvalI ko lauTA diyaa| ve cammApuro Akara rAjya-sukha kA bhoga karane lge| eka dina vanamAlI ne karakaMDu ko sUcanA dI ki nagara ke upavana meM zIlagupta nAmaka munirAja kA zubhAgamana huA hai| rAjA ne apane nagara meM bhero piTavA dii| sabhI purajanoM aura bhaktoM ke sAtha ve muni mahArAja ke darzanoM ko cle| mArga meM eka strI apane putra-zoka se vyAkula ho rahI thii| use dekhakara karakaMr3a ko saMsAra ko asAratA kA bhAna hone lgaa| ve usI viSaya ko socate-socate muni ke pAsa phNce| muni ne dharmopadeza diyA jise sunakara unakA citta vairAgyonmukha hone lgaa| karakaMDa ne muni se tIna prazna kiye-(1) ve itane sundara haiM parantu unake hAtha meM kaMDu kyoM huI? (2) unake mAtA-pitA meM atisneha hone para bhI unakA dehAnta kyoM huA? (3) khecara ne unako rAnI madanAvalo kA kyoM haraNa kiyA? munirAja ne pahale prazna kA uttara diyA ki karakaMDu pUrvajanma meM eka zreSThI ke yahAM gvAla the| gvAla eka dina bhaiMse carAne gayA thaa| usane sarovara meM eka sundara kamala dekhA aura use tor3a liyaa| usI samaya eka deva ne prakaTa hokara gvAla se kahA ki tUne yaha atyadhika sAhasa kA kArya kiyA hai| tU isa phUla ko tribhuvana ke svAmI ko car3hA denA anyathA maiM tujhe mAra ddaaluuNgaa| gvAla ne apane svAmI ko hI sabase bar3A svAmI samajhA kyoMki usakI dRSTi meM mAlika ko sevA meM saikar3oM loga lage rahate the| yahI socakara vaha puSpa lekara zreSThI ke sammukha upasthita huA aura apanI icchA vyakta kii| gvAla se zreSThI ne kahA ki rAjA mujhase bar3A hai, ataH phUla rAjA ko car3hAnA caahiye| gvAla rAjA ke pAsa gayA aura

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apabhraMza kathA: paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 257 use apanA mantavya btaayaa| rAjA ne use muni ko puSpa arpita karane " ko khaa| muni ke pAsa jAne para muni ne use jinendra bhagavAn ko phUla car3hAne ko kahA / gvAla ne bhagavAn jinendra kA pUjana kiyA ataH use sundara rUpa milA aura cU~ki kamala car3hAte samaya hAtha meM kIcar3a lagA thA ataH usake hAtha meM kaMDu huA / 1 dUsare prazna ke uttara meM muni mahArAja ne batAyA ki padmAvatI pUrva janma meM zrAvastI ke seTha kI strI thI / usake vyabhicArI hone ke kAraNa seTha ne vairAgya le liyA aura punaH janma lekara campA nagarI kA dhADIvAhana rAjA bnaa| jisa brAhmaNa ke sAtha seTha kI patnI ne vyabhicAra kiyA thA vaha marakara hAthI huA / seThAnI marakara punaH strI huI / use pativiyoga huA / anta me vaha apanI putrI ke prayatna se dharma-dhyAnapUrvaka marakara kauzAmbI nareza vasupAla ke yahA~ utpanna huii| rAja parivAra meM isakA azubha janma jAnakara use maMjUSA meM banda karake yamunA nadI meM bahA diyA / eka mAlI ne jala se nikAlakara usakA pAlana-poSaNa kiyA / pUrva karmAnubandha se dhADIvAhana rAjA se usakA vivAha huA / hAthI dvArA haraNa athavA anya aise hI kaSToM se pIr3ita padmAvatI karakaMDu jaise mahAn vyakti kI mA~ thI / tIsare prazna meM munirAja jI ne kahA ki pUrvajanma meM karakaMDu ke pAsa eka suA thaa| suA catura thA para usake Upara sarpa ne dhAvA bola diyA to kaMDu ne usakI rakSA kI aura NamokAra mantra use diyA / usa sarpa ko bhI NamokAra maMtra marate samaya mila gayA thaa| itane mAtra se use vidyAdhara kA janma mila gayA / pUrvabhava kA vaira hone ke kAraNa usane madanAvalI kA haraNa kiyaa| muni ke ina saba uttaroM ko pAkara karakaMDu vairAgyabhAvanA prabala ho uThI / vaha apane putra vasupAla ko rAjya dekara muni ho gayA / karakaMDu kI mAM bhI arjikA ( sAdhvI ) ho gaI tathA usakI patniyoM ne bhI vaisA hI kiyA / karakaMDu ne ghora tapazcaraNa kiyA aura kevalajJAna tathA mokSa prApta kiyA / suaMdhadahamIkahA jainadharma pAlana karane vAlA pratyeka gRhastha sugandhadazamI vrata kI kathA se avagata hotA hai / unake vArSika parva dazalakSaNadharma para bhAdrapada zuklA 17

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258 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka dazamI ke dina isa kathA ko sunane aura isakA vrata rakhane kA dhArmika mahattva hai| isa kathA kI apabhraMza, saMskRta, marAThI, gujarAtI aura hindI racanAe~ upalabdha huI haiM jinakA susampAdana DA0 hIrAlAla jaina ne kiyA hai| apabhraMza racanA' ke racayitA udayacanda the| kathA kA racanAkAla 1150 I0 mAnA gayA hai| prastuta racanA kI kathA pUrNataH dhArmika dRSTikoNa se likhI gaI hai / saMkSepa meM kathA isa prakAra hai : racanA kA prArambha caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM ko namaskAra ke sAtha hotA hai| rAjA zreNika bhagavAn mahAvIra se sugandhadazamI vrata ke pAlane kA phala pUchate haiN| bhagavAn zreNika ke prazna kA uttara dete haiM-jambUdIpa meM. bharata nAmaka deza hai| bharata deza ke kAzI pradeza meM vArANasI nAmaka . nagarI hai| vahA~ padmanAtha nAma kA sUvikhyAta rAjA apanI priya rAnI zrImatI ke sAtha rAjya karatA thaa| vasantAgamana para sabhI nara-nAriyA~ vasantotsava manAne lge| rAjA bhI madInmatta sundara hAthI para apanI / rAnI ko sAtha baiThAkara anya parijanoM ke sAtha udyAna-krIr3A ke lie nikalA / mArga meM use munIzvara sudarzana kA darzana huaa| rAjA ne vicAra kiyA ki muni ko AhAra denA cAhiye / ataH rAjA ne rAnI se Agraha kiyA ki ve svayaM ghara vApisa jAkara muni ko apane hAtha se sundara AhAra deN| rAnI AhAra dene calI to gaI parantu usake mana ko bar3A saMtApa huA ki muni ne bIca meM Akara Ananda bhaMga kiyaa| AhAra meM rAnI ne kar3ave phala diye / muni asvastha aura azakta ho gae tathA unhoMne nagara ke hI eka jinamaMdira meM vizrAma kiyaa| rAnI udyAna-krIr3A ke lie pahu~ca gii| idhara mandira meM bhIr3a ekatra ho gaI aura rAnI ke galata AhAra dene se nagaravAsiyoM meM kSobha phaila gyaa| ___jaba rAjA udyAna-krIr3A se vApisa lauTa rahA thA, use nagara kA kolAhala sunAI pdd'aa| rAjA ko vAstavika sthiti kA patA calA to usane rAnI ko rAjamahala se nikAla diyaa| rAnI ko kleza huA aura mara gaI / maraNoparAnta rAnI bhaiMsa, zUkarI, magI ko kaSTamaya yoniyoM 1. DA0 hIrAlAla jaina dvArA sampAdita, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI se 1966 meM prakAzita. 2. sugandhadazamIkathA, prastAvanA, pR0 4.

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apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 259 ko pAra karatI haI cANDAlinI kanyA hii| mAtA-pitA donoM hI kI matyu ho gii| usake zarIra kI durgandha eka yojana taka pahu~catI thii| isa durgandha ko cANDAla bhI sahana nahIM kara sake aura unhoMne use eka aTavI meM chor3a diyaa| vahAM udumbara phaloM-pattoM ko khAkara vaha jIvita thii| ___ eka dina udhara se eka munisaMgha vihAra karate hue nikalA / eka mani ne AcArya se pUchA ki itanI durgandha kisa vastu ko ho sakatI hai ? AcArya ne usa cANDAla-sutA kA nAma liyA aura batAyA ki rAnI zrImatI ne muni sUdarzana ko krodhapUrvaka kar3ave phaloM kA AhAra diyA thA ataH isa yoni meM bhaTaka rahI hai| punaH muni ne AcArya se pUchA ki isa strI kA pApa kaise dUra hogA ? AcArya ne jainadharma kA upadeza diyA aura kahA ki isakA pAlana karane para prANImAtra kA kalyANa hotA hai| cANDAla-sutA ne bhI upadeza sunA aura dharma-dhyAnapUrvaka mara gaI / isake bAda vaha ujjainI ke eka garIba brAhmaNa ko kurUpa kanyA huii| aba bhI usako durgandha eka kosa taka jAtI thii| eka bAra vahAM ke nandabhavana meM muni.sudarzana kA Agamana huaa| durgandhA bhI muni ke pravacana meM phuNcii| sabhA meM upasthita rAjA jayasena ne muni se durgandhA ke viSaya meM puuchaa| durgandhA ke pApa ko dUra karane kA upAya bhI rAjA ne muni se puuchaa| muni ne sugandhadazamI vrata pAlana karane kA upadeza dekara usake pAlana aura udyApana kI vidhi batalAI / . . saubhAgya se jisa dina muni kA upadeza huA usa dina sugandhadazamI hI thii| ataeva sabhI ne vrata kA pAlana kiyA evaM jinendradeva kA pUjana kiyaa| durgandhA ne isa vrata kA pAlana kiyA thA ataH vaha marakara . sugati meM gii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne rAjA zreNika ko Age kI kathA isa prakAra sunAI : ratnapura nagarI meM rAjA kanakaprabha apanI patnI kanakamAlA ke sAtha rAjya karate the| usI nagara meM eka seTha jinadatta the jinakI patnI jinadattA tho| inake tilakamatI nAma kI eka putrI thI jo rUpavatI tathA guNavatI thii| seThAnI ke mara jAne se seTha ne dUsarA vivAha kara liyaa| usase tejamatI nAmaka kanyA utpanna huii| tilakamatI kI sautelI mAM kA vyavahAra bahuta kaThora thaa| seTha rAjA ke Adeza se dezAntara bhramaNa ko calA gayA to vimAtA kA vyavahAra aura bhI kaTu

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260 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka ho gyaa| seThAnI ne tilakamatI aura tejamatI ke vivAha kI taiyArI kara lI / tilakamatI ko phusalAkara seThAnI rAtri meM eka zmazAna meM choDa AI aura usake cAroM ora dopaka rakhakara usase kahA ki terA pati rAtri meM yahIM AyegA aura tujhase vivAha kregaa| rAjA nagara kI zobhA dekhane apanI aTArI para car3hA to use kautuka huaa| ataH vaha svayaM zmazAna gayA aura suMdaro se vivAha karake vahIM ghara meM chor3a aayaa| vaha pratidina rAtri meM usake pAsa jAne lgaa| kucha samaya bAda seTha dezAntara se lauttaa| vimAtA ne tilakamatI ke viSaya meM jhUThI khabareM do / seTha ne rAjA se kahA ki merI putro ne kisI cora se vivAha kara liyA hai aura pUchane para kahatI hai ki maiM apane pati ke caraNa chakara ho pahacAna sakatI hai, vaise nahIM / rAjA ne iSTa mitroM sahita seTha ke ghara para dAvata kA prabandha kiyaa| tilakamatI ko AMkha para paTTI : bAMdha dI gaI aura usase sabhI atithiyoM ke pairaM dhulAye gae to usane rAjA ke paira pakar3a lie ki yahI cora merA pati hai| rAjA ne vidhipUrvaka vivAha dvArA use svIkAra kiyaa| sabhI ne harSa mnaayaa| vivAhoparAnta ve loga jinamandira ge| vahIM eka muni virAjamAna the| muni se tilakamatI ne pUchA ki apane pati ke prathama darzana se hI merA unase itanA prema kyoM utpanna huA ? muni ne batAyA ki pUrvajanma meM usane bahuta kaSTa uThAye aura aba sugandhadazamI vrata ke prabhAva se use yaha bhava milA hai| vaha rAjya-sukha bhogane lgo| tatpazcAt tapasyApUrvaka apane prANoM kA parityAga karake vaha IzAna svarga ke vimAna meM deva huii| agale bhava meM vaha deva manuSyayoni meM AyA aura karmoM kA kSaya karake mokSagAmI huaa| mayaNaparAjayacariu ___ haridevakRta madanaparAjayacarita' kA racanAkAla DA0 hIrAlAla jaina ke anusAra 12vIM se 15vIM zatI ke madhya ThaharatA hai| kavi ne racanA ko do saMdhiyoM meM samApta kiyA hai| saMkSepa meM kathA isa prakAra hai : 1. DA0 hIrAlAla jaina dvArA saMpAdita, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI se / 1962 meM prakAzita. 2. prastAvanA, pR0 61.

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__ apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 261 anya apabhraMza-kAvyoM kI bhAMti hI kavi ne paramAtmA ke caraNakamaloM kI vandanA kI hai| taduparAnta apane alpajJa hone kI svIkArokti hai| bhAvanagara nAmaka paTTana meM makaradhvaja nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thA / eka dina rAjA apanI rati-prIti nAmaka donoM patniyoM sahita sabhAbhavana meM baiThA thaa| vahAM mahAmantrI, zalya, gArava, karma, mithyAtva, doSa, AzravAdi yoddhA baiThe the evaM anya asaMkhya narezvara usakI sevA meM juTe hue the| rAjA ne garva-garjana ke sAtha kahA ki trailokya kI mahilAeM bhI usake vaza meM haiN| kAmadeva ke isa garjana para usakI rati-prIti rAniyoM ko haMsI A gii| rAjA ne kAraNa puuchaa| rati ne batAyA ki siddhi ramaNI nAma kI strI unake vaza meM nahIM hai| rAjA ko atyadhika vismaya huaa| usane rati se kahA ki ucita-anucita meM nahIM jAnatA / mahilA mahilAoM kA vizvAsa karatI hai ataH priyatame ! tuma jAo aura usa siddhi ramaNI ko livA laao| rati ke asvIkAra karane para kAma ne use burA-bhalA khaa| yena-kena-prakAreNa rati ne dUtI bananA svIkAra kiyaa| vaha . cala dI to mArga meM use moha mila gayA aura vaha use kAmadeva ke pAsa lauTA. laayaa| moha ne kAma ko samajhAyA ki rati ko nahIM bhejanA cAhie anyathA use nirveda mArga meM hI naSTa kara degaa| siddhi kA vivAha to jinendradeva se nizcita hogA ataH udhara, kA tumhArA prayAsa nirarthaka hai| isa para kAmadeva kruddha ho gayA aura apane dhanuSa-bANa ke sAtha siddhi ko prApta karane ke lie nikala pdd'aa| ___moha ne kAma ko salAha dI ki Apa yuddha karane nikale haiM to pahale zatra kI zakti kA to patA lagA liijiye| kAma ne apane paMcabANa zastra rakha diye aura moha se pUchA ki jinendra kA nivAsasthAna kahA~ hai ? moha ne pUrI kathA batalAI ki jinendra bhI pahale bhAvanagara meM rahate the aura bhogAsakta the| parantu saMsAra meM durgati jAnakara unhoMne ghara-dvAra saba chor3akara caritrapurI meM nivAsasthAna banA liyaa| vahA~ ve akele nahIM haiM apitu pA~ca mahAvrata, sAta tattva, davidha dharma, pA~ca jJAna aura sudhyAna, tapa, cAritra, kSamA Adi subhaTa unake sahayogI bhI haiN| isa prakAra mohamantrI ne kAma ko jinendra ke sambandha meM saba kucha batAyA / kAma ne rAgadveSa ko bulAkara jinendra ke pAsa dUtarUpa meM bhejaa| dUtoM se jinendra ke

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262 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka pAsa saMdeza bhejA ki yA to jinendra Akara kAma kI sevA kareM yA phira yuddha ke lie taiyAra rheN| dUta ke cAritrapura pahuMcane para jinendra kI sabhA meM upasthita saMjvalana ne AjJA lekara rAga-dveSa ko jinendra ke sammukha upasthita kiyA / kAma ke dUtoM ne jinendra se kahA ki Apa siddhi ramaNI se vivAha kA vicAra chor3akara kAma kI sevA kareM jisameM kalyANa hai-yahI kAma kA Adeza hai| kAma kI sevA se sabhI bhogasAmagrI-sukha upalabdha hogaa| jinendra' ne kAma ke dUtoM se spaSTa kaha diyA ki maiM siddhi rUpI varAMganA ko . paraNaMgA / maiM usa durdama madana ko, tumhAre tathA usake balI sahAyaka moha ko naSTa kara ddaaluuNgaa| rAga-dveSa dUtoM ne nirAza lauTakara kAma ko batAyA ki jinendra ko ApakI bAta svIkAra nahIM hai| .. madana ne yuddha kI taiyArI karake raNabherI bajavA dii| pA~coM indriyA~, Arta-raudra dhyAna, tInoM zalya, aThAraha doSa, sAta vyasana, puNya-pApa, darzanamoha, pA~ca AzravAdi yoddhAoM ko lekara jinendra para car3hAI kara dI jisase svarga meM indra, govinda, trinetra, brahmA, sUrya, candrAdi deva bhI zaMkita hote haiN| usa moha ko kAma ne pradhAna senApati bnaayaa| anya yoddhAoM ko lekara kAma samudra ke samAna garjana karatA huA jinendra para car3hAI karane cala pdd'aa| udhara jinendra ke pAsa se rAga-dveSa ke lauTane para jinendra ne saMvega ko AjJA de dI kI raNabherI bajavA do| paMcasamitiyoM kI raNabherI bajate ho raNadakSa paMcamahAvrata, dazadharma, saptatattva Adi yoddhA ekatra ho ge| samyaktva ko pradhAna senApati kA pada diyA gyaa| jinendra kA adbhata prabhAva thaa| unake samIpa labdhiyoM kI dhvajAeM phaharA rahI thIM tathA syAdvAda bherI kI dhvani gNjii| jinendra svayaM kSAyika-darzana hAthI para savAra the, anuprekSA kA kavaca pahane, samAdhi kI gadA kA praharaNarUpa dhAraNa kiye the aura lalakAra rahe the ki smara kahA~ hai ? smara kahA~ hai ? bhavyoM ne namaskAra kiyA, sarasvatI ne maMgalagAna kiyA aura dayA ne AzIrvAda diyaa| isI samaya saMjvalana ne vicAra kiyA ki kAma ke pAsa jAnA cAhiye / saMjvalana ne kAma se jinendra kI zakti ko batAkara kahA ki vaha vahA~ se bhAga jAya isI meM buddhimAnI hai|

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apabhraMza kathA: paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 263 madana ne saMjvalana se kahA ki cUhoM kI senA kabhI billI ke Upara car3hI hai ? saMjvalana lauTa aayaa| kAma ne apane pradhAna senApati aura mantrI moha ko bulAyA aura kahA ki yadi maiM jinendra ko Aja nahIM jIta kA to agni meM jala jAU~gA / moha ne kAma ko vizvAsa dilAyA ki samara meM kAma kA kauna sAmanA kara sakatA hai| AkAza meM indra Apase bhayabhIta haiM, pAtAla meM dharaNendra kampita haiM / jinanAtha AkAza-pAtAla athavA giri para chipe baca nahIM sakatA / hamaloga jina ko jItakara, kara saptavyasana kI koTharI meM DAla deMge / madana ne punaH zRMgAra bhATa ko bulA bhejaa| usake Ane para madana ne kahA ki tU jinendra ko yuddhabhUmi meM lAkara mujhe dikhalA de to tujhe bahuta pAritoSika milegA / zRMgAra bhATa jinendra ke pAsa gayA aura unase kahA ki kAma ke pAsa asaMkhya yoddhA haiM ataH Apa kAma kI sevA svIkAra kara sukha se raheM / samyaktva ne itanA sunate hI zRMgAra ko phaTakArA ki maiM mithyAtva kA mukAbalA kruuNgaa| pAMca indriyoM ko pAMca mahAvrata jIta sakate haiN| jJAna moha ko, zukla dhyAna 18 doSoM ko, sAta tattva sAtoM bhayoM ko, zrutajJAna ajJAna ko tapa Azravakarma ko jIta , sakegA / jinendra ne bhATa se kahA ki yadi tU apane kAma ko dikhalA de to maiM tujhe bhUmi Adi dAna dUMgA / bhATa ne kahA ki yadi tU mere poche-pIche * Ae to maiM eka kSaNa meM madana ko dikhalA dUMgA tathA usake samIpa sAraMga . para AkramaNa karane vAle siMha ke samAna moha ko bhI dikhalA dUMgA / nirveda ko yaha sahana nahIM huA to bhATa kA sIsa mur3Akara, nAka kATakara use bAhara nikAla diyA / madana ke pUchane para bhATa ne apanI durdazA kA samAcAra diyA / madana bahuta uttejita 'huaa| vaha vahAM se samudra kI bhAMti cala pdd'aa| calate samaya madanarAja ko sarpa kI phuphakAra, kaue kI kAMva-kAMva sunAI dI / gRddha Upara maMDarAne lage, ghar3A phUTa gayA, pavana ke pratikUla calane Adi jaise apazakuna hue / madana apazakunoM se stabdha raha gayA / udhara se jinendra kA sainya saMcAlana huA, usase girirAja TalamalA gayA, samudra, zeSanAga Adi sabhI vicalita ho ge| donoM senAeM Amane-sAmane juTa gaIM aura yuddha hone lagA /

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264 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka yuddha kI bhayaMkaratA ko dekhakara madana kI strI rati ghabarAkara AI aura madana ko jinendra kI ajeyatA ke viSaya meM btlaayaa| madana se kahA ki Apa siddhi se pariNaya karake kyA kareMge? aneka bhAMti se rati ke samajhAne para bhI madana nahIM mAnA aura kahA ki yaha jinendra pahale ratna corI karake le gayA, mere dUtoM ko galA pakar3akara nikAlA, mere, . bhATa kA sira mur3avA diyaa| usane jo yaha saba kiyA hai vaha mere lie lajjAspada hai| jinendra bahata dinoM se garajatA thA, Aja mere sAmane samara- . bhUmi meM hai, use Aja merI bANavRSTi kA sAmanA karanA pdd'egaa| isI bIca bandI ne madana ko samyaktva, saMyama, paMcamahAvrata Adi ke sAtha jinendradeva ko dikhaayaa| bhATa ne jaba isa prakAra madana kI dRSTi jinendra kI ora khIMcI to makaradhvaja ko senA jinendra kI senA para TUTa pdd'ii| mithyAtva ne jo agnibANa chor3e unase jinendra kI senA ghabar3Akara bhAga utthii| AkAza meM brahmA aura surendra ne Apasa meM bAta-cIta prArambha ko| idhara samyagdarzana ne Akara mithyAtva ko llkaaraa| mithyAtva ne bigar3akara mUDhatraya bANAvali chor3o jise darzana ne SaDAyatana bANa chor3akara naSTa kara diyA / darzana ne mithyAtva ko tattvaruci bANoM se mAra diyaa| yaha dekha indra ne brahmA se kahA ki samyaktva ne madana ko kaisA parAsta kiyaa| aba svayaM moha jJAna aura darzana ke sammukha aayaa| moha evaM anya usake sahayogI jinendra ke senAniyoM se parAsta hue| __sabakA mAnamardana ho jAne para madana svayaM vazIkaraNa Adi bANoM ko lekara jinendra deva ke sAmane aayaa| donoM meM uttejaka vArtAlApa huaa| madana ne apanA mana-hAthI jinendra ke Age bar3hAyA jise unhoMne samabhAvarUpa mudgara se cUra-cUra kara diyaa| rati apane pati ko samajhAne AI parantu usane eka nahIM sunii| antatogatvA kevalajJAna ke prabhAva se kAma kA bala kSINa hone lgaa| taba usane moha ke upadeza se 22 parISahoM ko chodd'aa| karate-karate madana maidAna chor3akara kupanthoM meM jAkara chipa gyaa| devarAja indra ne brahmA se kahA ki dekha lo, madana kI hAra ho gii| isa prakAra jinendra ne kevalajJAnarUpI AbhUSaNa dhAraNa kiyaa| isa prakAra siddhi ramaNI kA jinendra ne pariNaya kiyaa| vivAha karane ke bAda jaba jinendra krIr3Animitta mokSa ko gamana karane lage tabhI tapazrI ne

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* apabhraMza kathA : paribhASA, vyApti aura vargIkaraNa : 265 Akara prArthanA kI ki Apake cale jAne ke bAda makaradhvaja cAritranagara kA dhvaMsa kara degaa| yaha sunakara jinendradeva ne zrutalekha dekara vRSabhasena gaNI ko bhejA ki vaha tapazrI aura cAritranagara kI bhalI prakAra rakSA kre| apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke kathAnakoM ke vivaraNoM se una kathAkAvyoM kI vizeSatA aura unameM prayukta kathAnakarUr3hiyoM para to prakAza par3atA hI hai, unake lakSaNoM ke nirdhAraNa meM bhI madada milatI hai| isa vivecana se prApta niSkarSa ke AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki saMskRta kathAkAvyoM aura apabhraMza kAvyoM meM kucha maulika antara hai / mukhya rUpa se kathAnakarUr3hiyoM ke prayoga kA antara ullekhanIya hai| saMskRta granthoM meM kathAnakarUr3hiyoM kA prayoga na huA ho, aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / parantu apabhraMza kAvyoM meM kathAnakarUr3hiyoM kA prayoga khulakara kiyA gayA hai| saMskRta-apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ko varNana kI paripATI meM bhI zilpagata antara pratIta hotA hai| ___ adhikatara apabhraMza kathAeM yA to lokakathAoM ke AdhAra para racI gaIM yA phira unameM loka-upAdAnoM ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA gyaa| lokavArtA ke saMdarbha meM DA0 satyendra ne likhA hai-'yaha eka jAtibodhaka zabda kI bhA~ti pratiSThita ho gayA hai, jisake antargata pichar3I jAtiyoM meM pracalita athavA apekSAkRta samunnata jAtiyoM meM asaMskRta samudAyoM meM avaziSTa vizvAsa, rIti-rivAja, kahAniyA~, gIta tathA kahAvateM AtI haiN| prakRti ke cetana tathA jar3a jagat ke sambandha meM mAnava svabhAva tathA manuSyakRta padArthoM ke sambandha meM bhUta-pretoM kI duniyA tathA usake sAtha manuSyoM ke sambandha meM jAdU-TonA, sammohana, vazIkaraNa, tAbIja, bhAgya, zakuna, roga tathA mRtyu ke sambandha meM Adima tathA asabhya vizvAsa isake kSetra meM Ate hai| aura bhI, isameM vivAha, uttarAdhikAra, bAlyakAla tathA praur3ha jIvana ke rIti-rivAja aura anuSThAna sammilita haiN| vAstava meM jo kathAe~ loka-kathAoM kI pRSThabhUmi para khar3I kI jAtI haiM unameM lokasaMskRti ko chApa rahatI hai / ataH ve tatkAlIna samAja ko sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika sthiti ko spaSTa karatI haiN| saMbhavataH isIlie DA0 nemicandra zAstrI likhate haiM ki 'loka-kathAe~ mAnava jAti ko Adima paramparAoM, prathAoM aura usake vibhinna prakAra ke vizvAsoM kA vAstavika prati 1. DA0 satyendra, braja lokasAhitya kA adhyayana, pR0 4.

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266 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka nidhitva karatI haiN| sAre vizva meM lokakathAoM kA rUpa prAyaH eka jaisA hI pAyA jAtA hai aura viSayavastu tathA kathanazailI kI dRSTi se inameM samAna rUr3hiyoM aura samAna abhiprAyoM kA hI upayoga huA hai| laukika saundaryabodha, lokacintA kI ekarUpatA aura sAmAnya abhivyaMjanA praNAlI vizva kI lokakathAoM meM samAna rUpa se upalabdha haiN|'' lokavArtA aura . lokakathA ke saMbaMdha meM ukta do vidvAnoM ke mata uddhRta kiye gaye haiM jinake AdhAra para yaha spaSTa hai ki apabhraMza kathAe~ lokakathAeM na hote hae bhI / unameM loka-upAdAnoM kI svIkRti hai| . apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM meM katipaya aisI kathAnakarUr3hiyA~ cala par3I thIM. jinheM hama unakA rUDhazilpa kaha sakate haiN| apabhraMza kAvyoM meM samudra meM naukA-bhaMga honA, rAnI ko dohada honA, ekAdhika janmoM kA vistata vivaraNa Adi aisI rUr3hiyA~ haiM jinase koI hI kAvya mukta raha sakA ho / hindI premAkhyAnakoM kI rUr3hiyoM ke viSaya meM hama pahale likha cuke haiN| apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM kI kathAnakarUr3hiyoM Adi para prabandha ke SaSTha adhyAya meM vistRta vicAra kiyA jaayegaa| 1. DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana, pR0 145.

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adhyAya 6 hindI premAkhyAnakoM aura apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi __yoM to AThavIM zatI se lekara solahavIM zatI taka apabhraMza granthoM kA praNayana hotA rahA kintu apabhraMza sAhitya kA samRddhatama yuga navIM zatI se terahavIM zatI taka mAnA gayA hai|' aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha rAjanItika uthala-puthala kA samaya thaa| kisI bhI bhASA kA sAhitya apane yuga kI sAmAjika, dhArmika, sAMskRtika aura rAjanItika pravRttiyoM se apane ko achUtA nahIM rakha sktaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki tatkAlIna yuga kI pravRttiyoM kI jAnakArI ke lie hama usa yuga ke sAhitya kI chAnabIna karate haiN| itihAsakAroM ne guptakAla ko 'svarNa yuga' kI saMjJA dI hai| guptakAla kI vizeSatAoM para vicAra karate hue e0 sI0 caTarjI ne likhA hai ki guptakAla kalA evaM sAhitya kI mahAn unnati kA samaya thA aura usa samaya meM zAsana samunnata tathA suvyavasthita thaa| usa samaya bhAratIya saMskRti kA pracAra sudUra pUrva evaM dakSiNa-pUrva eziyA meM bhalIbhAMti hone lagA thaa| isa sandarbha meM prasiddha itihAsajJa DA0 altekara likhate haiM ki "usa samaya ke hindU darzana ke navIna evaM dar3ha pratimAnoM kA vikAsa karane meM utane hI saphala the jitane ki samudro mAlavAhaka potoM kA 1. DA0 harivaMza kochar3a, apabhraMza-sAhitya, pR0 34. 2. Gupta period was a time of great activity in art, literature and...the empire was prosperous and well governed. -satIzacandra agravAla, bhAratIya itihAsa, ilAhAbAda, pR0 139 se uddhRta.

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268 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka nirmANa karane meN|" yahI kAraNa hai ki isa kAla kI tulanA vizva ke periklija AgasTana tathA elijAbethana yuga se kI gaI hai| rAjanaitika sthiti ___IsA kI chaThI zatI Ate-Ate gupta sAmrAjya kI rIr3ha TUTa gayI aura vaha chinna-bhinna ho gyaa| phira bhI magadha para guptoM kA hI rAjya rahA / sAtavIM zatI ke Arambhika samaya meM prabhAkaravardhana ne uttarI bhArata meM apanI zakti bddh'aaii| isake putra harSavardhana ne pUnaH uttara bhArata ke vighaTita rAjya ko saMgaThita kiyA aura thAnezvara tathA kannauja ko bhI jIta liyaa| bANabhaTTa ke harSacarita meM AsAma pradeza ke bhAskaravarmana aura harSa ko metrI kA ullekha milatA hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki harSa ne sAmrAjya-vistAra kiyaa| parantu bhAratezvara banane kA usakA rUpa pulakezI dvitIya ne tor3a diyA aura dakSiNApatha para usakA adhikAra na ho skaa| yadyapi bhArata ko rAjanaitika, dhArmika, sAmAjika aura Arthika vyavasthA meM dinodina asthiratA kI sthiti AtI jA rahI thI tathApi haSaM ne apane zAsana meM sthitiyoM meM sudhAra kiyA aura unheM sthiratA pradAna kii| isakA vivaraNa hvenasAMga ke bhArata-yAtrA ke vRttAntoM meM mila jAtA hai| hvenasAMga ne sAtavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga sabhI bhAratIya rAjyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| vaha yahA~ ke zAsakoM se milA bhI thaa| harSa ko zAsana-vyavasthA kA jo paricaya usane diyA hai use prakArAntara se bhArata kI mUla rAjanItika sthiti kA bhI dastAveja kahA jA sakatA hai| vaha likhatA hai ki 'zAsana-vyavasthA udAra siddhAntoM para AdhArita hai| kAryakAriNI pariSad sAdhAraNa hai| logoM se jabardastI kArya nahIM liyA jaataa| rAjya-kara bhI sAdhAraNa hI haiM / vyApArI svatantra rUpa se apanA mAla bAhara le jAte aura le Ate haiN|' harSa ke samaya ko dhArmika 1. The Hindus of that age were as successful in evolving new and bold systems of philosophy as in building large and steady vessels to carry goods over sea. -vahI, pR0 138. 2. As the administration of the government is founded on. benign principles, the executive is simple. People are not subject to forced labour. In this way taxes on people are light. The merchants who engage in commerce come and go in carrying out their transaction. -vahI, pR0 148.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 269 avasthA kA patA harSa ko chaThI pariSada se lagatA hai jisakA ullekha dvenasAMga ke jIvana-carita meM kiyA gayA hai| harSa pratyeka varSa prayAga meM eka dhArmika pariSada karatA thA jisameM vaha pratyeka sampradAya ke dhArmikoM ko dAna diyA karatA thaa| chaThI pariSada ke prathama divasa harSa ne buddha bhagavAn kI pratimA pratiSThita kI aura vibhinna prakAra ke ratna evaM vastrAdi vitarita kiye / dUsare dina unhoMne sUryadeva kI mUrti sthApita kI aura dAna diyaa| tIsare dina Izvaradeva kI mUrti sthApita kI aura upahAra vitarita kiye| cauthe dina 10,000 bauddha bhikSaoM ko bahamUlya upahAra bheMTa kiye| isa prakAra sAdhuoM-bhikSuoM ke atirikta dIna-duHkhiyoM ko mahInoM taka dAna bA~TA gyaa| isa vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki zAsana kI ora se sabhI dharmoM kA samAna Adara thaa| sAtha hI bauddha dharma ke prabhAva ko bAta. bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai / tatkAlIna sAmAjika sthiti ke viSaya meM henasAMga ke vivaraNa se jJAta hotA hai ki paramparAgata jAti-vibheda ke cAra varga the| brAhmaNa sarvAdhika pavitra aura pUjya mAne jAte the| brAhmaNoM ke nAma ke anta meM 'zarmA' lagA rahatA thaa| kSatriyoM ko bhI ucita Adara prApta thA aura ve yuddhapriya the| harSa ke samaya vaizyoM kI sthiti kApho sudRr3ha thii| unhoMne kRSi ko chor3akara vyApAra apanA liyA thaa| zUdroM ko dazA bahuta bigar3I huI thii| isa jAtigata vibhAjana ke hote hue bhI samAja kA naitika stara UcA thA aura zikSaNasaMsthAeM bhAratIya saMskRti ke adhyayana* adhyApana kA kArya karatI thiiN| - AThavIM zatAbdI meM bhArata para videzI AkramaNa prArambha ho ge| bhAratavAsiyoM ke lie yaha naI bAta to nahIM thI caMki chaThI zatAbdI meM bhArata hUNoM ko parAsta kara cukA thaa| parantu 710 I0 meM araboM ne bhAratIya pradeza sindha para vijaya prApta kara lii| araboM ne sindha se Age bar3hane kI jItor3a koziza kI kintu unheM saphalatA nahIM milii| phira bhI AThavIM zatAbdI ke madhya taka araba saurASTra aura bhinnamAla rAjyoM para AkramaNa karate rahe / antataH araboM ne bhArata meM praveza pA liyaa| isa samaya bhAratIya aura arabo saMskRtiyoM kA milana huaa| sAMskRtika AdAna-pradAna kI bhUmikA meM aneka bhAratIya vidvAn araba gaye aura araba se aneka vidvAn adhyayana ke lie bhArata aaye| saMskRta

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.270 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka bhASA kI vibhinna vidhAoM ke granthoM kA arabI meM anuvAda haA aura bhAratIya saMskRti kA videzoM meM pracAra huaa| samrATa harSa ke samaya meM bhArata kI sthiti zocanIya nahIM thii| paranta unakI mRtyu ke bAda yahAM ke rAjAoM meM matabheda bar3hate gae aura choTe-choTe rAjya sthApita hone lge| gurjara pratihAroM kA prathama zAsaka nAgabhaTTa ( 7vIM sadI ) huaa| isane araboM ke AkramaNa kA sAmanA kiyaa| isake vaMza kI zakti bar3hI aura vatsarAja ke pratinidhitva meM gurjara pratihAroM kA kannauja para adhikAra ho gyaa| isa vaMza kA pAloM se sImAvartI kSetroM meM sadaiva saMgharSa banA rhaa| 10vIM zatAbdI taka Ate-Ate inameM ApasI. phUTa ho gaI aura inakI zakti kSINa ho gii| gujarAta, mAlavA inake Adhipatya se mukta ho ge| 1020 I0 meM gurjara pratihAroM kA sajya pUrNataH vighaTita hokara kaI rAjyoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| jaisA ki ullekha kiyA jA cakA hai ki bhAratavarSa meM aneka zaktiyAM udaya meM A rahI thiiN| AThavIM zatI ke prArambhika samaya meM baMgAla meM pAlavaMzoM ke rAjya kA zrIgaNeza haa| isa vaMza ke rAjA dharmapAla ne dakSiNI bihAra se lekara baMgAla taka apanA Adhipatya jamAkara kannauja ko bhI vijita kiyaa| devapAla, mahIpAla Adi isa vaMza ke anya pramukha rAjA hue / isa vaMza kA 400 varSoM taka zAsana calA aura 12vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM inakA patana ho gyaa| gujarAta ke caulukyoM kA zAsanakAla 961-1241 I0 taka rhaa| isa vaMza kA prathama zAsaka mUlarAja thaa| 1024 I0 meM bhImadeva ke samaya meM mahamUda gajanavI ne bhArata para AkramaNa kiyaa| mahamUda gajanavI ke gujarAta pahuMcate hI bhIma bhAga khar3A huA aura bacakara nikala gyaa| 1064 I0 meM bhIma kA putra karNa rAjA haa| gujarAta meM isa vaMza ke pramukha rAjAoM meM kumArapAla ( 11421173 I0 ) kA zAsana ullekhanIya hai| ___ isI samaya meM cauhAna, cedi, gahar3avAla, candela aura paramAra Adi kSatriyoM kI alaga-alaga zaktiyAM ubhara rahI thiiN| ye loga kisI eka 1. jayacaMdra vidyAlaMkAra, itihAsa-praveza, sarasvatI prakAzana maMdira, ilAhAbAda, 1941, ke AdhAra para.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 271 zakti-saMgaThana meM ekatrita nahIM ho ske| pariNAmasvarUpa phUTa dinoM dina , bar3hatI gii| rAjanaitika uthala-puthala meM kSatriya vaMzajoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| prArambhika samaya meM to ye loga zaktizAlI aura nItinipuNa sAbita he| Age calakara jaise-jaise ApasI matabheda bar3hate gae vaisevaise zakti kSINa hotI gaI aura musalamAnoM ke AkramaNoM kA javAba dene meM asamartha hokara vilAsapriya jIvana bitAne ke Ado ho ge| ___yoM mahamada gajanavI kA bhArata para prathama AkramaNa 1000 I0 meM huaa| phira bhI musalamAnoM ko bhArata para pUrI taraha Adhipatya jamAne meM kaI zatAbdiyAM lagI thiiN| parantu ve nirantara prayatnazIla rhe| 12vIM zatAbdI meM pRthvIrAja cauhAna ne muhammada gaurI se Takkara lii| parantu kSatriyoM ko ApasI phUTa ke kAraNa kannauja ke rAjA jayacanda ne pRthvIrAja kA sAtha nahIM diyaa| ataH pRthvIrAja ko antataH hAra khAnI par3I aura dillI gaurI ke hAtha pahuMca gii| dhIre-dhIre usane madhyabhArata ko bhI hastagata kara liyaa| inhIM saba paristhitiyoM meM bhArata yavanoM ke adhIna huaa| astu / bhASAgata sthiti ___ AkramaNoM aura rAjanItika uthala-puthala ke samaya bhI sAhityika racanAeM hotI rhiiN| inakI bhASA ke sambandha meM DA0 sunItikumAra cATuA ne likhA hai ki 'turkI vijaya ke pahale bhAratIya cAlU yA kathya boliyoM meM sabase adhika pracalita yahI zaurasenI apabhraMza thii| una dinoM pazcimI apabhraMza kA sthAna Ajakala kI hindusthAnI jaisA thaa| pazcimI apabhraMza kI uttarAdhikAriNI kucha aMzoM meM brajabhASA huii| musalamAna AkramaNakAriyoM ke sAtha pazcimI apabhraMza kI uttarAdhikAriNI hindI . dakSiNa meM bhI phuNcii|" 10vIM-11vIM zatI ke videzI AkramaNoM ke samaya sAhityika racanAoM kI bhASA pazcimI apabhraMza thI-isakA ullekha bhI DA0 cATuA ne kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki 10vIM-11vIM zatI meM jaba apane musalamAnI majahaba ko sAtha lie hue turkI tathA IrAniyoM ne uttarI bhArata para AkramaNa karanA evaM Adhipatya jamAnA Arambha kiyA thA, usa samaya rAjapUja rAjavaMzoM meM sAhityika racanAoM kI bhASA, dhArmika 1. DA0 sunItikumAra cATuA, bhAratIya AryabhASA aura hindI, pR0 189.

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272 : abhraM paza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka evaM zAstrIya bhASA saMskRta ke atirikta, pazcimI apabhraMza hI thI, jisameM bhinna-bhinna pradezoM kI sthAnIya boliyoM kA prabhAva rahatA thA / vizuddha braja yA navyabhAratIya Arya avasthA kI hindI kA taba taka udaya nahIM huA thA / ina uddharaNoM se tatkAlIna bhASA evaM usa para rAjanItika prabhAva kA saMdarbha rekhAMkita hotA hai / AkramaNoM kI sthiti sAmAnya hone para donoM saMskRtiyoM ke mizraNa evaM samanvaya ke pariNAma sAmane Aye / saMbhavataH musalamAna lekhaka addahamANa kI apabhraMza racanA saMdeza - rAsaka ( 14vIM zatI) isakA pratyakSa pramANa hai / dhArmika avasthA bhArata meM brAhmaNa, bauddha aura jaina dharma to pahale se hI sthApita the, usameM islAma dharma atirikta bar3ha gayA / 8 - 13vIM zatI azAnti aura parivartanoM kI avadhi thI / vibhinna dharmoM kA kabhI utthAna aura kabhI patana hotA rahA / musalamAnI AkramaNoM aura unake devAlayoM, dhArmika sthaloM ke vinAza se bhakti Andolana ko bala milaa| bauddha dharma harSavardhana ke samaya meM hI hrAsa kI ora unmukha thA / mahAyAna, hInayAna do zAkhAoM ke bAda bauddha dharma meM kaI upazAkhAeM bhI ho gaIM / mahAyAna meM zUnyavAda aura vijJAnavAda kI sthApanA huI / boddha dharma kI eka vajrayAnI zAkhA huI jisameM mantra-tantra, viSaya-bhoga, devapUjA Adi kI ruci ke anusAra khulI chUTa milI / sahajayAnI sampradAya meM bhraSTAcaraNa ko koI roka nahIM skaa| ataeva pAkhaNDoM ko janatA adhika dina taka sahana nahIM kara sakI / AThavIM zatAbdI meM baMgAla ke pAla rAjya ne bauddha dharma ko pracArita karane meM sahayoga diyA / yahIM se bauddha dharma nepAla aura tibbata pahu~cA / bhArata meM bauddha dharma kA vikAsa nAlandA aura vikramazilA ke naSTa hone taka hI ho sakA / usakI pAMca-chaH pIr3hiyoM bAda hI bauddha dharma samAptaprAya ho gayA / jainadharma kI sthiti lagabhaga sAmAnya rUpa se eka samAna rahatI AI / jaina paMcamakAroM se sadaiva dUra rahe ataH bauddha dharma ke samAna unheM durdina nahIM dekhane par3e / isa kAla ke rASTrakUTa ( 753 - 975) aura solaMkI -. gurjara (961 - 1257 ) rAjA jainadharma se bahuta prabhAvita the / phira bhI inhoMne apane rAjya kI surakSA ke lie yuddha se kabhI mukha nahIM 9. vahI, pR0 189. 1

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 273 modd'aa| vastutaH jainadharma kSatriyoM evaM vIroM ne hI svIkAra kiyA thA tathA unhoMne yavanoM aura zakoM ko yuddha meM lohe ke cane cavAye the / parantu dhIre-dhIre yaha vyApAriyoM kA dharma banakara raha gayA aura kSatriyocita dharma unameM se jAte rhe| jisa apabhraMza kI pRSThabhUmi kI carcA hama kara rahe haiM usameM yaha smaraNIya hai ki apabhraMza sAhitya ke praNayana evaM usake saMrakSaNa kA zreya sarvAdhika jainoM ko hI milA hai| isa kAla meM jainAcAryoM ne darzana, jyotiSa, nATaka, kAvya, Ayurveda, vyAkaraNa Adi sabhI viSayoM para saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza meM grantha likhe| jainAcAryoM ne sadaiva usa samaya kI pracalita bhASAoM ko apane granthoM kA AdhAra bnaayaa| yahI kAraNa thA ki isa kAla ko adhikAMza racanAeM dezabhASA meM-apabhraMza meMlikhI giiN| vizeSakara isameM caritAdi kathAkAvya adhika likhe ge| anya dharmoM kI bhAMti hI jainadharma ko bhI digambara, zvetAmbara do zAkhAeM ho giiN| isakA pracAra-prabhAva samasta bhArata meM phaila gyaa| 1112vIM zatAbdI meM pazcima bhArata meM jainadharma, dakSiNa meM zavadharma, pUrva tathA uttara meM vaiSNavadharma vizeSarUpa se phailA thaa|' aba ina sabhI dharmoM ke vicAra-bhedoM se samAja meM aneka parivartana aaye| vicAra-bhedoM se bhAratIya samAja meM vaimanasya kA viSa phailane lgaa| ye dhArmika vivAda calate rhe| 11vIM zatI ke prArambha meM islAma ne bhArata meM jagaha banA lI aura bhArata para usakI saMskRti kA prabhAva par3ane lagA / islAma aura hinduoM meM dhArmika kalaha jArI rhaa| isI samaya hindU-muslima donoM hI dharmoM ke kucha aise saMta hue jinhoMne matabhedoM ko miTAne kA prayatna kiyaa| * sAmAjika sthiti . isa kAla kI paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa hinduoM ke bahapracalita cAra varNa aneka jAtiyoM-upajAtiyoM meM vibhakta ho ge| phalataH sAmAjika vyavasthA evaM ekatA kI rIr3ha TUTa gii| aise avasara kA lAbha videzI AkramaNakArI musalamAnoM ne uThAyA / vighaTita aura asaMgaThita jAtiyAM musalamAna AkramaNakAriyoM kA sAmanA karane meM asamartha rhiiN| cAroM 1. apabhraMza-sAhitya, pR0 29. 18 . .

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274 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka varNoM ke niyamapAlana kA AdhAra manusmRti thii| phira bhI katipaya kSatriya narezoM ne zastra aura zAstra donoM vidyAoM para samAnAdhikAra prApta kiyaa| rAjA bhoja paMDitoM ke AzrayadAtA bhI the aura svayaM eka prakANDa vidvAn bhii| bhoja ke cAcA muMjarAja ko apabhraMza kA kauna-sA pAThaka nahIM jAnatA ? muMja na svayaM apabhraMza kA kavi thA balki apane romAMTika vyaktitva ke kAraNa aneka premAkhyAnoM kA nAyaka bhI / kahane kA tAtparya yaha ki zAstra-jJAna meM brAhmaNa hI pAraMgata ho sakatA thA, yaha ina rAjAoM ne asiddha kara diyA thaa| smati ke anusAra kRSikarma vaizyoM kA hI thaa| parantu dharma parivartana kara lene se vaizyoM ne adhikatara yaha karma chor3a diyaa| ataH zadroM ko yaha bhAra bhI vahana karanA pdd'aa| 9vIM-10vIM zatAbdI taka brAhmaNa evaM kSatriyoM ke lie bhI kRSikarma tyAjya nahIM raha gayA thaa| ina saba bAtoM ke rahate jAti-pAMti ke bheda : bar3hate jA rahe the| chuAchUta kA roga carama sImA taka pahu~ca gayA / bAlavivAha kI prathA cala pdd'ii| jambUsvAmIcariu Adi apabhraMza racanAoM se patA calatA hai ki rAjAoM evaM seThoM meM bahupatnI prathA bhI thii| ___ isa prakAra 14vIM--15vIM zatAbdI taka jahAM eka ora bhAratIyoM kA rAjanaitika jIvana chinna-bhinna ho rahA thA vahIM dUsarI ora sAmAjika jIvana bhI asta-vyasta ho gayA thaa| phira bhI hindU samAja kI dhArmika cetanA vilupta nahIM huI thI, susupta avazya ho gaI thii| yahI kAraNa thA ki videzI sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA bIjAropaNa hone para bhI bhAratIyoM ne use jamane nahIM diyaa| musalamAnI AkramaNa ke bAda deza ke samanvayavAdI dharmavettA puruSoM kI preraNA se eka naI milI-julI saMskRti paidA hone lagI thii| sAhityika avasthA ___ sAhityika avasthA kI dRSTi se isa kAla kA mahattva kama nahIM hai / mahApaMDita rAhulajI kA isa kAla ke sambandha meM kathana hai ki hamArA yaha sAhitya-yuga usa vakta AraMbha hotA hai, jaba ki bANa aura harSavardhana ko raMgamaMca chor3e bahuta dera nahIM huI thii| kaviyoM meM azvaghoSa, bhAsa, kAlidAsa, daNDo, bhavabhUti aura bANa kI kRtiyA~ bahuta cAva se par3hI jAtI haiN| svayaMbhU ne ina purAne kaviyoM ke prati apanI kRtajJatA sApha

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 275. prakaTa kI hai| jaisA ki isa yuga kI rAjanItika avasthA kA vivecana karate samaya hama dekha cuke haiM ki aneka choTe-choTe rAjya the| unameM bahuta se kaviyoM ko rAjyAzraya prApta thaa| parantu isakA artha yaha nahIM ki rajavAr3oM athavA sAmantoM ke lie ho isa yuga meM kAvya race gaye apitu sAdhAraNa janatA ke lie bhI kathAkAvyoM kI racanAeM huiiN| prabandha ke pAMcaveM adhyAya meM vivecita lIlAvaIkahA, samarAiccakahA, bhavisayattakahA, paumasiricariu, jasaharacariu, NAyakumAracariu, jambUsAmicariu, karakaMDucariu, suaMdhadahamIkahA, mayaNaparAjayacariu Adi racanAe~ isI kAla ( 8vIM se 15vIM zatI ) ko apabhraMza racanAeM haiN| apabhraMza-hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM pUrvApara sambandha hindIsAhitya ke itihAsakAroM ne kAla-vibhAjana kI daSTi se 1050 I0 se hindI sAhitya kA Arambha svIkAra kiyA hai| jaisA ki hama dekha cuke haiM, apabhraMza sAhitya kI racanAe~ 8vIM zatAbdI se 16-17vIM zatI taka hotI rhiiN| hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM sabase pahalA premAkhyAna candAyana ( 1350 I0) upalabdha hai| apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM evaM hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM pUrvApara kramika sambandha hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke sarjanakAla aura hindI premAkhyAnakoM ke racanAkAla ke madhya meM koI antarAla nahIM hai| kucha samaya taka hindI premAkhyAnaka aura apabhraMza kathAkAvya samAnAntara rUpa se bhI likhe jAte rhe| apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM evaM hindI premAkhyAnakoM ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki apabhraMza kathAkAvya hindI premAkhyAnakoM ke hI pUrva pracalita zilpa-vidhAna meM race gaye-arthAt hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA hI aitihAsika vikAsa hai| udAharaNa ke lie inake kathA-vinyAsa, caritra, kathoddezya, vastuvarNana Adi kA kramazaH tulanAtmaka adhyayana karanA Avazyaka hai| kathA-vinyAsa kathA-vinyAsa kisI kathAkAvya ko acchA-burA sAbita karane kI kasauTI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki eka zreSTha kathAkAra apanI racanA ko pUrvaniyojana ke AdhAra para vinyasta karatA hai| isa saMdarbha meM apabhraMza 1. paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, hindI-kAvyadhArA, 1955, pR0 45...

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276 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka kathAkAvyoM ke racayitAoM kI sarAhanA karanI hogii| lagatA hai apabhraMza kathAkAroM ne saMskRta ke lakSaNakA roM kI mAnyatAoM kA bhI dhyAna rakhA / saMskRta sAhitya ke pramukha AcArya rudraTa ne kathA kA jo lakSaNa diyA haiM usameM ve likhate haiM- 'racayet kathAzarIraM pureva puravarNakaprabhRtIni ' arthAt kathA kI racanA 'pura' kI taraha karanI cAhiye / rudraTa ke isa mata ko yA to naz2arandAja kara diyA gayA athavA jAnakara bhI logoM ne ise mahattva nahIM diyA hai / isa prasaMga kA jo bhI kAraNa rahA ho kintu tathya yaha hai ki rudraTa ke isa lakSaNa ko kathAoM ke mUlyAMkana kI dRSTi se dekhA jAye to niHsandeha yaha prAmANika hogA / arthAt kathA kA pura kI taraha vinyAsa hotA hai | puravinyAsa aura kathA vinyAsa kA prazna vicAraNIya hai| puravinyAsa aura kathAvinyAsa prAcIna sAhitya meM 'pura' zabda nagara ke artha meM prayukta hotA thaa| udAharaNArtha - taittirIya saMhitA meM naMgara zabda kA ullekha pura ke artha meM hI huA hai / 'pura' zabda kA ullekha taittirIyabrAhmaNa, aitareya brAhmaNa aura zatapathabrAhmaNa' meM milatA hai / pizela ke anusAra prAkAra evaM parikhA se pariveSThita nagara 'pura' kahalAtA thA / ullikhita pura ke 'vinyAsa ke lie vibhinna granthoM meM nagara-nivezana, nagara-sthApana, nagaravinyAsa, nagara - viniveza, pura- nivezana, purasthApana, naMgara-karaNa aura nagaramApana jaise anya zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| hindI-vizvakoza meM 'puraniveza yA nagaraniyojana nagaroM, kasboM aura gAMvoM ke prasAra kA, vizeSakara unameM bhavana nirmANa hetu bhUmi ke aura saMcaraNa vyavasthA ke 1. dekhie - 'zramaNa', nava0 - disa0 aMka, 1967, pR0 47- 49 para lekhaka kA lekha. 2. naitamRSi viditvA nagaraM pravizeta - taittirIyasaMhitA, 1.2.18.31.4. 3. taittirIya brAhmaNa, 1.7.75. 4. aitareya brAhmaNa, 1.23.2.11. 5. zatapathabrAhmaNa, 3.4.4.3. 6. vedika iNDeksa, bhAga 1, pR0539. 7. DA0 hRdayanArAyaNa rAya, prAcIna bhArata meM nagara tathA nagara- jIvana, pR0 231.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 277 vikAsa kA, niyojana karane ke liye sAmayika gatividhi' ko kahA gayA hai / ' bhAratIya vAstu vAGmaya meM vizvakarmIyazilpa, mAnasAra, mayamata aura samarAMgaNasUtradhAra jaise pratiSThita granthoM meM isa viSaya para savistAra prakAza DAlA gayA hai| AdipurANa meM nagara use kahA gayA hai jisameM parikhA, gopura, aTArI aura prAkAramaNDita nAnA prakAra ke bhavana hoM, jo jalAzaya aura udyAna se yukta hoM / pAnI nikAlane ke lie nAliyAM bhI jahA~ banI hoN| 3 puravinyAsa ke lie yogya zilpiyoM dvArA yojanA prastuta karAI jAtI thI / usI pUrvanirdhArita yojanA ke anusAra puravinyAsa kA kArya pUrNa kiyA jAtA thA / DA0 udayanArAyaNa rAya ne 'prAcIna bhArata meM nagara tathA nagara-jIvana' nAmaka apane zodha-prabandha meM puravinyAsa sambandhI mahatvapUrNa tathya udghATita kie haiN| unake anusAra puravinyAsa kI saMkSipta yojanA isa prakAra kAryAnvita hotI thI : 1. bhUparIkSA : kisI bhI nagara ke nirmANa ke pUrva bhUmi kA nirdhAraNa karanA Avazyaka thA / bhUmi ke cunAva meM prAcIna vizeSajJoM ke vicAroM ko mahattva diyA jAtA thA / aneka granthoM meM nadiyoM ke saMgama para athavA nadiyoM ke taTa para yA parvata ke pAsa pura kA basAnA uttama mAnA gayA hai / 2. balikarmavidhAna : bhUmi kA nirdhAraNa karane ke bAda usake zodhana kA kArya kiyA jAtA thA / bhUmi-zuddhikaraNa ke liye pUjA car3hAI jAtI thI jise 'balikarmavidhAna' kI saMjJA dI gaI / eka prakAra kA bhUmi para 1. anuSThAna hotA thA jisake bAda bhUmi zuddha mAna lI jAtI thI aura samrATa vibhinna vastueM dAna karatA thA / 1. hindI vizvakoza, bhAga 7, pR0 243. 2 . vahI. 3. parikhAgopurATTAlavaprAkAramaNDitam / nAnAbhavanavinyAsaM sodyAnaM sajalAzayam // puramevaMvidhaM zastamucitoddeza susthitam / pUrvottaraplavAmbhaskaM pradhAnapuruSocitam // AdipurANa, 16.169-70.

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* 278 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka 3. nagara-cihna : bhUmi-zodhana kriyA ke bAda nagara ke vibhinna bhAgoM parikhA, prAkAra, durga, rAjapatha tathA anya sthAnoM-bhavanoM kI nirmANayojanA ke anusAra bhUmi para dhAtunirmita kIloM ko gAr3a diyA jAtA thA aura unheM majabUta dhAgoM se eka-dUsare ke sAtha bAMdha diyA jAtA thaa| isa prakAra sabhI sthAna nirdiSTa kara diye jAte the| .... ____4. surakSA ke sAdhana : nagara-niyojana ke pUrva usakI surakSA kA prabandha kara liyA jAtA thaa| ye sAdhana do prakAra ke hote the : 1. . prAkRtika-nado, parvata. Adi, 2. kRtrima-parikhA, prAkAra Adi / sarvaprathama parikhA kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA thaa| parikhA se nikalane vAlI miTTI dvArA ho vapra kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA thA aura isa para viSalekaTole paudhe lagA diye jAte the| parikhA 3 prakAra kI-jalaparikhA, rikta-. parikhA aura paMkaparikhA hotI thii| / 5. prAkAra : parikhA ke bAda jo vapra hotA thA ,usI ke Upara parakoTA yA cahAradIvArI banAI jAtI thii| yaha nagara kI surakSA kA abhedya sAdhana mAnA jAtA thaa| prAkAra kI saMkhyA bar3e-bar3e nagaroM kI ekAdhika bhI hotI thii| ina prAkAroM para cAroM dizAoM meM burja bhI banAye jAte the| 6. gopura : nagara ke prAkAra meM jo dvAra hote the unheM gopUra kahA jAtA thaa| ina dvAroM kI saMkhyA bhinna-bhinna prakAra se mAnI gaI hai| parantu sabhI meM 4 pradhAna dvAra hote the jinameM majabUta phATaka lage hote the| ____7. nagaroM kA AkAra : nagaroM ke caukora, AyatAkAra, vRkSAkAra, samAnAntara caturbhujAkAra, ardhacandrAkAra, bhujaMgAkAra aura tribhujAkAra hone kA prAcIna granthoM meM ullekha milatA hai| 8. rAjamArgoM kA nirmANa : parikhA Adi ke nirmANa ke pazcAt rAjamArgoM kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA thaa| isakA uddezya yaha rahatA thA ki bhavanoM ke nirmANa ko yadi pahale kiyA jAtA to rAjapathoM kA kama caur3A honA yA Ter3he-mer3he honA sambhAvita thaa| ye rAjamArga nagaroM ke AkAra, AbAdI ke hisAba se tathA surakSA kI dRSTi se banAye jAte the| rAjamArgoM ke sAtha hI choTe-choTe mArga bhI banAye jAte the| ye jahAM ekadUsare ko kATate the vahAM caurAhe banate the|

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 279 9. hATa : rAjamArgoM ke kinAre-kinAre hAToM kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA thaa| ina hAToM kI saMkhyA nagaroM ke choTe-bar3e hone ke hisAba se hotI thii| 10. purabhUmi kA vitaraNa : rAjamArgoM ke bAda rAjaprAsAda, uccAdhikAriyoM ke nivAsa sthAna evaM anya nAgarikoM tathA karmacAriyoM ke bhavanoM ke lie bhUmi kA vitaraNa kiyA jAtA thaa| aura taba ina sabakA nirmANakArya kiyA jAtA thaa| ___ ukta vidhi se nagara-niyojana hotA thaa| nagara-sanniveza kI vibhinnatA thii| nagaroM kA vibhAjana rAjadhAnI, pattana, droNamukha, puTabhedana, nigama, sthAnIya, kharvaTa aura kheTa ke rUpa meM milatA hai| ___ AcArya rudraTa kA. 'pura ke samAna kathAvinyAsa' ke hone kA kathana puravinyAsa aura kathAvinyAsa ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se adhika spaSTa ho skegaa| puravinyAsa ke lie pahale yojanA banAI jAtI hai / ThIka isI taraha kisI kathA ko racanA ke pUrva racanAkAra avazya ho apanI kathA kA prArUpa athavA viSaya-prArUpa nirdhArita karatA hai| pUrva niyojana ke sambandha meM racanAkAra ko racanA ke pUrva usakA niyojana kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM anivArya hotA hai| isa prakAra pUrva niyojana sambandhI siddhAnta meM kathAvinyAsa aura puravinyAsa meM samAnatA dekhI jAtI hai| . dvitIya bAta puravinyAsa meM bhUmiparIkSA kI AtI hai arthAt yaha * dekhA jAtA hai ki kisa sthAna para nagara-niyojana kiyA jAye jo pratyeka dRSTi se upayukta ho / idhara kathAvinyAsa meM kathAkAra prathama apanA 'plATa' kathAnaka khojatA hai| vaha apane manonukUla aura yugAnurUpa viSaya - cunatA hai.|. 'plATa' zabda bhUmikhaMDa aura kathAvastu donoM ke lie Aja bhI samAna rUpa se prayukta hotA hai| pUnaH pUravinyAsa kI bhUparIkSoparAnta bhUmi-zodhana kA pUjA-kArya kiyA jAtA hai jisase nirmANakArya nirvighna sampanna ho / kathA-vinyAsa ke antargata maMgalAcaraNa-stuti Adi isI vidhi ke samAna haiN| kathA ko nirvighna pUrNatA ke lie hI aisA kiyA jAtA hai| puravinyAsa meM nagara-cihna banA liye jAte haiN| kathAvinyAsa meM bhI kathA ko kaI bhAgoM meM vibhakta dekhA jAtA hai| kisa pariccheda, aMza yA

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280 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka adhyAya meM kyA rahegA usI ke anusAra racanAkAra use cihnAMkita karatA hai| nagara-nirmANa meM surakSA ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM parikhA, prAkAra Adi kI racanA hotI hai to kathA ko sugaThita banAne ke lie kathAnaka kI sImA-rekhAeM tai kara lI jAtI haiN| nagaroM meM pravezadvAra, gopUra Adi hote haiM to kathAoM meM pariccheda aura adhyAyAdi hote haiN| kathAnaka meM praveza karane ke liye inhIM paricchedoM yA khaNDoM ko jAnakara hI Age kA praveza sugamya hotA hai| nagaroM kA saundarya vahA~ ke udyAnoM, sarovaroM, citrazAlAoM evaM hAToM Adi ke sundara nirmANa para AdhArita hotA hai / zreSTha kathAnakoM meM ukta vastuoM ke sarasa varNanoM se kathAnaka kI zobhA bar3hatI hai| AcArya rudraTa kI paribhASA vivecya premAkhyAnakoM para kahIM pUrNarUpa se aura kahIM adhikAMzarUpa se lAgU hotI hai| yaha bAta puravinyAsa aura kathAvinyAsa ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko dRSTi meM rakhakara : pramANita siddha hotI hai| itanA hI nahIM apitu nagaroM ke nAmakaraNa ke samAna hI kathAoM ke nAmakaraNa ko paripATI bhI hamAre sAmane hai| vAlmIki rAmAyaNa ke anusAra alambuSA nAmaka eka apsarA thI jisake garbha se ikSvAku nAmaka eka parama dhArmika evaM parAkramI nareza ko vizAla nAmaka putra utpanna huA / isI ne vaizAlI nAmaka nagara kI nIMva ddaalii|' isI taraha pATaliputra ke nAmakaraNa ke sambandha meM kiMvadantI hai ki pATali vRkSa ke putra ke ghara ke caturdika isa nagara ke basane ke kAraNa isakA nAma pATaliputra par3a gyaa| varuNA aura assI nadiyoM ke taTa para basane ke kAraNa vArANasI nAma pdd'aa| purANoM ke anusAra nimi ke putra mithi ke nAma ke AdhAra para mithilA nAma pdd'aa| kahane kA tAtparya yaha ki nagaroM ke nAma zreSTha vyaktiyoM, nadiyoM, parvatoM Adi ke nAma para rakhe jAte the| isI prakAra hama kathAoM ke nAmakaraNa ko bhI dekha sakate haiM / pUrva vivecita apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke nAmoM se svataH pramANita ho jAtA hai ki unakA nAmakaraNa kathA ke pradhAna nAyaka, nAyikA athavA viSaya ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA thaa| yadi nAgakumAracarita nAmaka 1. DA0 udayanArAyaNa rAya, prAcIna bhArata meM nagara tathA nagara-jIvana, pR0 140. 2. vahI, pR0 150. 3. vahI, pR0 179.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 281 kathAkAvya hai to usameM mUlakathA nAgakumAra ko lekara hI clegii| karakaMDucariu nAma hai to usameM usI vyaktitva kA caritrAMkana milegaa| ThIka yahI paddhati hindI premAkhyAnakoM ne svIkAra kI aura kathA ke nAyaka yA nAyikA athavA donoM ke nAma para hI kAvya kA nAma rkhaa| udAharaNArtha-madhumAlatI, mRgAvato, candAyana, mAdhavAnala-kAmakandalA, chitAIvArtA, kanakAvalI, puhupAvatI, lailA-majanUM Adi / kathAkAvyoM ke caritra apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM meM adhikAMza racanAeM caritasaMjJaka hI haiN| unameM caritanAyakoM ke caritra ko uttama koTi kA siddha karane ke lie kathAkAroM ne apanI pratibhA kA pUrNa sadupayoga kiyA hai| sambhavataH isakA mUla kAraNa apabhraMza * racanAkAroM ko dhArmika bhAvanA rahI hai| cUMki apabhraMza ke kathAkAvyoM meM prAyaH jaina zalAkApuruSoM meM se hI kisI ke carita ko kathA kA viSaya banAyA gayA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha ki racanAkAra utkRSTa koTi ke caritroM ke mAdhyama se samAja meM acche caritroM ke nirmANa kI bhI apekSA rakhatA hai| prAyaH apabhraMza kAvyoM meM carita nAyaka athavA pradhAna pAtra ke atirikta anya prAsaMgika pAtroM ke caritra para vizeSa daSTi nahIM. rakhI gii| saMskRta ke kAvya apabhraMza kAvyoM se caritra-citraNa kI dRSTi se bhinna prArUpa meM race ge| caritra-citraNa kI apekSA saMskRta kAvyoM meM rasa-alaMkAroM kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA gyaa| - hindI premAkhyAnakoM kI caritra-citraNa kI paddhati para apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM kA prabhAva pdd'aa| .. apabhraMza kAvyoM meM kucha pAtra aitihAsika aura kucha kAlpanika cune jAte rahe / aitihAsika aura kAlpanika kathAoM kA mizraNa karake kathAoM kA nyAsa kiyA jAtA thaa| isa paramparA kA bhI hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM pAlana kiyA gyaa| kautUhalakRta lIlAvatIkathA kA nAyaka sAlivAhana aitihAsika vyakti hai| kavi ne kathA kI nAyikA lIlAvatI ko siMhala kI rAjakumArI ke rUpa meM aMkita kiyA hai| harSa (sAtavIM zatI) ne apanI ratnAvalI nATikA meM ratnAvalI ko siMhala ko rAjakumArI batAyA hai|' 1. ratnAvalI nATikA, aMka 4.

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282 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka karakaMDucariu meM karakaMDu bhI siMhala kI rAjakumArI rativegA se vivAha karatA hai / kahane kA tAtparya yaha ki una dinoM siMhala pradeza kI striyoM ke saundarya kI nijaMdharI kathAeM pracalita thIM / hindI premAkhyAnaka padamAvata kA aitihAsika nAyaka ratanasena bhI siMhala kI padminI ke viyoga meM mArA-mArA phiratA hai / siMhala kI rAjakumAriyoM ko lekara hindI - premAkhyAnakoM se pUrva aneka racanAeM huI / caritroM kI mukhya vizeSatAeM nAyakoM ke caritra ko UMcA uThAne ke lie nAyaka ko atizaya parAmI siddha kiyA jAtA hai / jo kArya koI vyakti kaThinAI se bhI nahIM kara sakatA use ina kathAoM kA nAyaka nimeSa mAtra meM kara DAlatA hai / . prAyaH ho apabhraMza kathAnAyakoM ke caritra meM yaha abhUtapUrva pratibhA dikhAI par3atI hai / karakaMDucariu meM karakaMDu siMhala se rativegA ke sAtha samudrI mArga se lauTa rahA thA to eka bhImakAya maccha ne unakI naukA para Akra maNa kiyaa| karakaMDu malla- gAMTha bAMdhakara samudra meM kUda par3A aura maccha ko mAra DAlA / isa prakAra NAyakumAracariu meM eka madonmatta hAthI ko ( jo kisI ke vaza meM nahIM A rahA thA ) nAgakumAra ne palabhara meM mAra girAyA / yaha saba nAyaka ko parAkramI siddha karane ke lie kiyA jAtA thA / yahI bAta hindI premAkhyAnakoM ke nAyakoM ke caritra meM dekhane ko mila jaayegii| kisI meM nAyaka ko rAkSasa ko parAsta karanA par3atA hai to kisI meM yogI veza dhAraNa kara bhaTakanA par3atA hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha ki apabhraMza ke kAvyoM meM nAyakoM ke caritrotthAna ke lie jo prakriyAeM apanAI gaI haiM ThIka ve hI athavA unase milatI-julatI bAteM hindI premAkhyAnakoM ke pAtra-pAtrAoM ke caritra meM dekhane ko mila jAtI haiM / apabhraMza caritanAyakoM meM eka vizeSatA aura pAI jAtI hai vaha yaha ki ve ekAdhika nAriyoM se pariNaya karate haiM / kahIM-kahIM ve kumAriyoM dvArA bAdhya kara diye jAte haiM jisase unheM pariNaya ke bAda hI mukti milatI hai / jaise karakaMDu ne samudra meM maccha ko to mAra DAlA parantu use eka vidyAdharI haraNa karake le gii| jaba usane usase pariNaya kara liyA taba karakaMDu usako sAtha lekara rativegA se mila skaa| isI prakAra bhavisayattakahA meM kathA kA nAyaka prathama zAdI eka sunasAna nagara meM

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 283 sthita atIva sUndara kanyA se karatA hai| pUnaH gajapura ke rAjA kI yuddha meM sahAyatA karatA hai| vijayI hone para rAjA sumitrA nAmaka apanI kanyA se bhaviSyadatta kA vivAha kara detA hai / NAyakumAracariu kA nAyaka nAgakumAra caudaha kumAriyoM kA vibhinna sthitiyoM meM varaNa karatA hai| prAyaH hI yaha apabhraMza kAvyoM ke nAyakoM ko caritragata vizeSatA hai| ina saba meM nAyaka saba kucha apanI asAdhAraNa zakti dvArA hI prApta karatA hai| hindI premAkhyAnakoM ke nAyakoM meM bhI bahavivAha kI bAta dekhane meM AtI hai| dAmokRta lakhamasena-padmAvatI kathA kA nAyaka do vivAha karatA hai| madhumAlatI kathA meM nRpati kaMvara karNa aura padmAvatI kI antara kathA AtI hai, usameM karNa ko 61 zAdiyAM karate dikhAyA gayA hai / isI prakAra rasaratana, candAyana Adi ke nAyakoM ko bhI ekAdhika rAniyAM thiiN| apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM.ke nAyakoM kI bhAMti hI hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM bhI nAyakoM ke caritra kA vikAsa dikhAyA jAtA hai / kathoddezya __ kathoddezya kI dRSTi se apabhraMza evaM hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM samAnatA daSTigata hotI hai| sarvAlaMkAravibhUSita rAjyakanyA kI prApti saMskRta kathAoM kA hI uddezya nahIM thA balki apabhraMza aura hindI meM bhI ise eka * mahattvapUrNa kathoddezya mAnA gyaa| hindI kaviyoM kI premakathAoM meM ".siMhala kI padminI kA anirvacanIya AkarSaNa bAra-bAra citrita huA hai| jAyasI ke padamAvata meM padmAvatI ko siMhala kI rAjakumArI batAyA gayA hai| siMhala kI rAjakumAriyoM ko lekara kathAnaka gar3hane kI prathA rUr3ha ho cukI thii| kautUhalakRta lIlAvaIkahA, bhavisayattakahA, karakaMDucariu, .. jinadattacarita Adi meM siMhala kI rAjakumAriyoM ko lekara kathAeM milatI haiN| apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM evaM hindo premAkhyAnakoM ke kathAnakoM meM bhAvasAmya to prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai| apabhraMza premAkhyAnakoM meM kanyAprApti ke phala ke atirikta kucha aura bhI lakSya hai| arthAt kAvya kI samApti nAyaka ko kanyAprApti karAne ke bAda hI nahIM kara dI jaatii| isa bAta meM apabhraMza ke kAvyoM ne saMskRta lakSaNakAroM kI mAnyatAoM kA pAlana nahIM kiyaa| jaisA ki apabhraMza kathAkAroM para Aropa kiyA jAtA rahA hai ki ve sAmpradAyika bhAvanAoM ke vazIbhUta the aura dharmavizeSa ke pracAra ke lie kAvya likhate the| kisI hada taka bAta saca ho sakatI hai

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284 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka parantu apabhraMza kathAoM meM premAkhyAnakoM kA honA siddha hai, sAtha hI kanyAprApti kA phalarUpa bhI vidyamAna hai| manuSya ke lie isake Age bhI kucha karanA rahatA hai, yaha bhAratIya darzana hai| isI bhAratIya darzana ke anusAra una kAvyoM meM nAyaka ko sAMsArika mauja-mastI le lene ke bAda kisI muni ke sadupadeza se dharma kI mAnyatAoM ke anusAra mokSa athavA svargAdi pAralaukika gati pradAna karAI jAtI hai| yahI unakA kathoddezya ho jAtA hai| saMskRta kathAeM prAyaH usa bhArata kI upaja haiM jo videzI 'AkramaNoM se surakSita samRddhi aura nizcintatA meM jI rahA thA / apabhraMza aura hindI ke premAkhyAnoM meM yadi isa loka ke sukha ke alAvA kucha aura bhI citrita huA to ise hama tatkAlIna pariveza ko bAdhyatA tathA dhArmika AndolanoM kA pariNAma mAna sakate haiN| hindI premAkhyAnakoM para isa pravRtti kA pUrA prabhAva pdd'aa| sUphI kAvya to. AdhyAtmika uddezya se likhe hI gae, saMskRta paramparA kA anusaraNa karane vAle hindI premAkhyAnoM meM bhI jIvana ke caturtha puruSArtha 'mokSa' kI kama carcA nahIM huI / puhakarakRta rasaratana meM kathA kA uddezya kanyAphala ke atirikta kucha aura bhI dikhalAyA gayA hai| puhakara kahate haiM : puhakara veda purAna mila, kono yahI vicAra / yahi saMsAra asAra meM, rAma nAma hai sAra // 350 // vairAgara vairAga vapu, hIrA hita hrinaam| prota jota jiya jagamagai, harai trividha tana tApu // 351 // sata saMgati sata vRddhi ura, viSa gharanI saMga laay| jJAna vAna prasthAna kari, tajai viSa sukhapAya // 352 // tAteM tatva lahai mukara, sUjha dekha mana mAMhi / koI tere kAma nahi, tU kAhU ko nAhi // 353 // paradhana para dArA rahita, para pIhi mana laay| kAma krodha mada lobha taja, vijaya nisAna bajAya // 354 // prahakara bhava sAgara garuva, nipaTa gahira gNbhiir| rAma nAma naukA car3he, harijana lAgeM tIra // 355 // rasaratana ke racayitA ne vizuddha evaM utkRSTa koTi ke bhAratIya premAkhyAna kI racanA kii| anta meM unhoMne sUrasena ( kathAnAyaka ) ko

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 285 sAMsArika sukhoM se vairAgyotpAdana ke lie vairAgara khaMDa ( vairAgya khaMDa ) kI hI racanA kara dii| isakA kAraNa yahI thA ki ve kathA kA antima lakSya kanyAprApti hI nahIM mAnate the| ataeva kathAnAyaka sUrasena ko jaba yaha patA calatA hai ki: jagata anitya karma hI niiraa| kevala vimala nAmu hari horA // kAmini kanaka aura haya haathii| ye to nahIM saMga ke sAthI // 329 // sukRta saMga aura nahiM koii| . kyoM nahiM bhajana harI tihiM soii|| mamatA citta karau jina koii| hai prabhu aura na dUjau hoI // 330 // mukti saMga hai aura na koii| . * kyoM na bhaje hari se hitu hoI // kali pratipAla bAla suta daaraa| mano gvAla gocArana hArA // 334 // * bhI sUrasena ko vairAgya utpanna ho jAtA hai : sunata sUra upajyau vairaagaa| viSNu bhakti bAr3hau anuraagaa|| saba saMpati taha trina kara jaanii| . . viSNubhakti nizcaya ura aanii|| - isake bAda ve apanA sArA rAjya putroM ko sauMpakara kAzIvAsa karane ke lie cale jAte haiM : suMdara, sUra subuddhi udaaraa| gorakha jJAna sainika avtaaraa|| kAzIvAsa kiyo tina jaaii| itanI kathA sukavi guna gAI // 343 // sArAMza yaha ki kathoddezya kI daSTi se bhI yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki hindI premAkhyAnaka apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke prabhAva se mukta rahe /

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286 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka vastu-varNana ___ vastu-varNana kAvya kA pradhAna aMga hai / kathAnaka kI zobhA vastu-varNana ke saphala citraNa para nirbhara karatI hai / vastu-varNana ke antargata Ane vAle tattvoM ke viSaya meM prabandha ke tRtIya adhyAya meM vicAra kiyA jA cukA . hai / yahA~ tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| kathA meM pramukha . sthaloM athavA nagaravizeSa kA. varNana Avazyaka hotA hai| apabhraMza kAvyoM kI isa paramparA kA hindI premAkhyAnakoM ne anukaraNa kiyA / nagara-varNana - apabhraMza kathAkAvya karakaMDucariu meM campAnagarI kA varNana isa ' prakAra kiyA gayA hai : tahiM desi ravaNNaiM dhaNakaNapuNNaiMatthi Nayari. sumnnohriy| jaNaNayaNapiyArI mahiyali sArI caMpA NAmaiM guNabhariya // , jA veDhiya prihaajlbhrenn| NaM meiNi rehai sAyareNa // uttuMgadhavalakausIsaehi / NaM saggu chivai bAhUsahi // arthAt usa ramaNIka deza meM dhana-dhAnya se pUrNa. AkarSaka campAnagarI thI, jo logoM kI A~khoM ko priya lagatI thI aura isa mahItala para sabhI gaNoM se yakta thii| vaha cAroM ora se jala-parikhA se ghirI haI thI tathA aisI lagatI thI mAnoM pRthvI samudra se ghirI ho / gaganacambI dhavala zikhara AkAza ko chUtI huI saikar3oM bAhuoM ke samAna lagate the aura jahA~ jaina mandira uttuMga khar3e zobhita ho rahe the mAnoM nirmala abhaMga puNya-puMja ho / una maMdiroM para rezamI vastroM kI jhaMDiyA~ lahalahA rahI thiiN| aisA lagatA thA mAnoM AkAza meM zveta sarpa laharA rahe hoM : jiNa maMdira rehahiM jAhiM tuNg| NaM puNNapuMja himmala ahNg|| koseyapaDAyau ghari lulaMti / NaM seyasappa Nahi salavalaMti // 1.3-4.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 287 - puhakarakRta rasaratana meM bhI caMpAvatI nagarI kA varNana AyA hai / bahuta kucha vizeSatAe~ aura sthiti karakaMDucariu kI caMpAnagarI se milatIjulatI haiN| rasaratana kI caMpAvatI nagarI kI bhaugolika sthiti isa prakAra hai : gujjara nagara udadhi ke toraa| acavahiM kapa sarovara niiraa|| nagara anUpa ramya sussdaaii| manau avani amarAvati aaii|| -caMpA0 khaMDa, 8, pR0 132. karakaMDucariu kI caMpAnagarI sumanohara hai aura rasaratana ko caMpAnagarI bho citta ko harane vAlI hai : nAgara catura sujAna nagara bhAva deSyo thaaN| mana jAnyau unmAna citta harana cNpaavtii|| -vahI, 20, pR0 140. yaha nagarI bhI aneka guNoM se yukta hai : upavana suMdara sukhada anUpA / guna gAhaka sobhita saba kuupaa|| -vahI, 91. : vahA~ jinamaMdira kI zobhA kA varNana hai to rasaratana meM zaMkarajI ke .mandira kI : . thaMbha saupanna muttI jhalakkai / deSi gaMdharSa muni deva thakkai // ucca uttaMga sobhA na aavai| siSira kailAsa upamAna pAvai // namaMDiyau nAda. gaMdhAra sohai| harata Sala pAsa jaba naina johai // . -vahI, 156-57, pR0 145. ..' dvIpa-varNana ... karakaMDucariu ke siMhala-dvIpavarNana ko tulanA jAyasIkRta padamAvata meM varNita siMhala-dvIpavarNana se kI jA sakatI hai| varNana-paripATI eka hI hai parantu vistAra meM antara A jAnA svAbhAvika hai| karakaMDucariu meM siMhala-dvIpavarNana isa prakAra hai: tA ekahi diNi krkNddenn| puNu diNNu payANau turiyenn|| gau siMhaladIvaho NivasamANu /

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288 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka karakaMDu NarAhiu parapahANu // jahiM pAulapillaI maNu haraMti / sura kheyara kiNara jahiM ramaMti // gayalIlaI mahilau jahiM clNti| NiyarUveM rairUu vi khalaMti // jahiM dekkhivi loyahaM taNau bhou| vIsariyau devahaM devalou // AvAsiu Nayaraho vhipese| arisaMka pavaDiDhaya tahiM ji dese // AvAsu muevi shyrsmeu| karakaMDu gayau ramaNihiM ameu / tahi garuvau savaNasahi bhariu / NaM kappavacchu dehi dhriu|| dalavaMtahi pahiM pariyariu / vaDu diThu rAeM samu vitthriu|| ghattA-karakaMDe pekkhivi taho vaDaho dohaiM suThu sukomlii| .. tA leviNu guliyA dhaNuhaDiyA viddhAiM asesaI saddalaI // -vahI, 7.5. pR0 64. arthAt eka dina karakaMDu ne ( siMhaladvIpa ) zoghra prasthAna karane kI AjJA do| narAdhipa karakaMDu apane parikara ke bIca virAma letA huA siMhaladvIpa phuNcaa| jahA~ para (siMhaladvIpa meM ) lAla battakheM (pakSI vizeSa ) mana ko lubhA rahIM thIM, sura, khecara aura kinnara kroDArata the| jahA~ kI striyA~ gajagAminI thIM aura apane rUpa-saundarya se rati ke rUpa ko bhI phokA kara rahI thiiN| jahA~ para taruNoM ke bhoga-vilAsa ko dekhakara devatAoM ko devaloka vismRta ho jAtA thaa| nagara ke bAhara usane par3Ava DAlA jisase usa nagara ke logoM ko zatru kI zaMkA ho gii| apane AvAsa ko chor3akara karakaMDu apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha krIr3A karane ke lie bAhara gyaa| vahA~ karakaMDu ne eka vizAla baragada kA vRkSa dekhA jisa para saikar3oM pakSI baiThe the, aisA lagatA thA mAnoM devatAoM se rakSita kalpataru .. ho joki dhanI pattiyoM se yukta thaa| adhika evaM komala pattiyoM ko

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 289 dekhakara karakaMDu ne apanI kamAna se choTI-choTI goliyAM mAranI zurU kIM aura use patrahIna kara diyA / pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki jAyasI ne bhI siMhaladvIpa ko zreSThatama dvIpa kahA hai / yadi jAyasI ke varNana aura isakI tulanA kareM to lagegA ki jAyasI ne usI paiTarna para siMhala dvIpa kA varNana kiyA hai / jAyasI ko siMhaladvIpa ke samAna anya koI dvIpa nahIM milA : saba saMsAra para maiM Ae sAtauM dIpa / ekau dIpa na uttima siMghala dIpa samIpa // - padamAvata, pR0 25. bhavisayattakA meM eka nagara kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai : tahi gayauru gAuM paTTaNu jaNajaNiyacchariu / NaM gayaNu muvi saggakhaMDu mahi avayariu // 1.5. arthAt vahA~ gajaMpura nAma kA nagara hai jisane manuSyoM ko Azcarya meM DAla diyA hai / mAnoM gagana ko chor3akara svarga kA eka khaMDa pRthvI para utara AyA ho / svayaMbhU kavi ne apane mahAkAvya meM mahendranagara kA jo varNana kiyA hai usakI tulanA jAyasI ke siMhalanagara varNana se kI jA sakatI hai / svayaMbhU ke mahendranagara kA varNana : gayagaMgaNe thieNa, vijjAhara-pavaraNarindaho / NAi sa- NiccareNa, avaloiu Nayaru mahiMdaho // 11 // cau-duvAru cau-goaru cau-pAyAru- paMDaraM / gayaNa- lagga pavaNAhaya-dhayamAlAuraM puraM / giri - hinda - sihare ramAule / riddhi-viddha-dhaNa- ghaNNa-saMkule / taM Nievi haNuyeNa citiyaM / surapuraM kimideNa dhattiyaM // -- svayaMbhUrAmAyaNa, 46.1-2. 1. padamAvata, saMpA0 vA0 za0 agravAla, siMhala dvIpa-varNana, pR0 25. 19

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290 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka isa Rddhi-vRddhi aura dhana-dhAnya se pUrNa tathA gaganacumbI dvAra-prAkAra aura gopUroM para pavana se lahalahAto dhvajAoM vAle mahendranagara ko dekhakara hanumAna jI socane lagate haiM ki kyA yaha indra kA devaloka hai ? ThIka isI prakAra jAyasI ne bhI siMhalanagara kA varNana karate hue usake UMce bhavanoM evaM nivAsiyoM ke sukha-samRddhipUrNa hone ke sAtha hI use 'indrAsanapurI' arthAt amarAvatI ke samAna sundara kahA hai : siMghala nagara dekhu puni bsaa| dhani rAjA asi jAkari dsaa|| . . U~cI paMvarI UMca avAsA / janu kabilAsa indra kara bAsA // . . rAU rAMka saba ghara ghara sukhI / jo dekhia so haMsatA mukhii||.. raci raci rAkhe caMdana caurA / pote agara meda au kevraa||. saba caupArinha caMdana khNbhaa| oThaMni sabhApati baiThe sbhaa|| janahu sabhA devatanha ke jurI / parI drisTi indrAsana purii|| -padamAvata, pR0 36. sarovara-varNana apabhraMza kAvyoM meM vastuvarNana ke antargata sarovaroM kA sajIva citraNa kiyA gayA hai| karakaMDucariu meM sarovara kA citraNa karate hue caritakAra kahatA hai ki tAlAba ke samIpa cir3iyoM kI cahacahAhaTa se lagatA hai mAno vaha apane samIpa bulA rahA ho, jalakuMjara apanI sUMDa meM pAnI bharabharakara ghar3e kI taraha ur3ela rahe haiM jaise pyAse prANiyoM ko pAnI de rahe hoM, Upara nikale hue kamaladaMDoM se vaha garva karatA huA pratIta hotA hai, uchalatI huI machaliyA~ jaise usako udghoSaNA ho, zubhra phena ke bulabuloM se vaha haMsatA huA sA pratIta hotA hai, vividha pakSiyoM se nAcatA huA, bhramarAvali ke guMjana se gAtA huA aura pavana se AMdolita hone ke kAraNa daur3atA huA sA pratIta hotA hai : 'jalakuMbhikuMbhakuMbhaI dharaMtu taNhAurajIvahaM suhu krNtu| . uiMDaNaliNiuNNai vahaMtu ucchalliyamohiM maNu khtu| DiMDIrapiMDarayahiM hasaMtuaiNimmalapauraguNehi jNtu| pacchaNNauviyasiyapaMkarahiM gaccaMtau vivihavihaMgahi / .

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 291 gAyaMtau bhamarAvaliraveNa dhAvaMtau pavaNAhayajaleNa / Na suyaNu suhAvau NayaNaichu jalabhariu sarovaru tehiM dichu / -karakaMDucariu, 4. 7. 3-8. paravartI hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM nagara-varNana ke antargata sarovaroM kA varNana apane pUrvavartI apabhraMza kAvyoM ke samAna hai / chitAIvArtA meM sarovara kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai : sohaiM kamala kamodini pAna / bhaMvara bAsa rasa bhUhi nyAna // nimasahi haMsa haMsinI saMga / bhare. anaMda kuraMga kulaMga // kolati cakaI cakka cakora / bana ke jIva guMjarahiM mora // hU~ki paMkhi maTAmare ghanai / jala kakarI Ari angnai|| sArisa bagga haMsa unahAri / nimasahi paMkhi sarovara pAri // puraini kamala rahe jala chAi / bahu phulavAri rahI mahakAi // -chitAIvArtA, pR0 63. hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM vastuvarNana ke antargata prabandha ke tRtIya adhyAya meM sarovaroM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / vahIM yaha spaSTa kara diyA : hai ki ye apane pUrvavartI varNana paripATI se kitane adhika prabhAvita haiN| sarovara-varNana ko praNAlI meM kucha rUr3hiyoM kA anta taka pAlana kiyA jAtA rhaa| jaise kucha sarovaroM ke varNana meM jalacaroM ke nAma ho ginA die jAte the| varNaratnAkara aura candAyana Adi ke sarovara-varNanoM meM adbhuta sAmya hai| varNaratnAkara meM sarovara-varNana isa prakAra hai : - 'zarataka cA~da ai(sa)na nirma ...."sarovara dessu| ...kamala, kokanada, kalhAra, kuvalaya, kumudate upazobhita..."saura, milindhi, sapharI prabhRti aneka ye matsya teM valavalAyamAna". " haMsa, kalahaMsa, sArasa, sarAli, sindhu, kaMkArI, karAla, koyaSTi, kAraNDava, kukula, khaera, AMjana, morApAli, vaka, puNDeri, cakravAka prabhRti aneka jalacaTaka te sushobhn"...|' __ uparyukta saMdarbha meM 'candAyana' meM sarovara-varNana meM Aye jalacara jantuoM ke nAma dekhie : 1. varNaratnAkara, saMpA0-sunItikumAra caTarjI, pR0 39--40.

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292 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka pairahiM haMsa mAMcha bahirA haiM / cakavA cakavI keri dabalA DheMka baiTha jharapAye / bagulAbagulI saharI banaleu suvana ghanA jala chAye / aru jalakukurI pasaroM puraI tUla matUlA / hariyara pAta tai rAta phUlA // pA~khI Ai desa kara parA / kAra kaMrajavA jalahara bharA // bara chAye // karA haiM // khAye // sArasa kurarlAhi rAta nIMda tila eka na Avai / sabada suhAva kAna para jAgaha raina bihAvaI // 22 // saMskRta kathAkAvyoM evaM apabhraMza ke sarovara varNanoM meM rUr3higata sAmya to hai parantu saMskRta kAvyoM meM jo AlaMkArika citraNa kiyA gayA hai vaha apekSAkRta adhika AkRSTa karatA hai / udAharaNa ke lie kAdambarI ke pampA evaM acchoda sarovara kA varNana isa prakAra hai : 'vaha sarovara aisA AbhAyukta thA mAnoM pRthvI devI ne apane nivAsa ke lie sphaTika kA bhUmigRha raca rakhA ho| vaha aisA gaMbhIra thA mAnoM samudroM ne pAtAla se Upara Ane kA mArga banAyA ho| vaha kSitija ke chora taka phailA huA thA mAnoM dizAoM ke bhItara se unakA rasa cUkara ekatra ho gayA ho| vaha itanA vistRta thA mAnoM AkAza kA aMzAvatAra ho / usake jala kI zubhratA aisI thI mAnoM rajatAdri kailAza hI dravita ho gayA ho| usakI dhavalatA se jJAta hotA thA mAnoM ziva kA aTTa hAsa hI jala bana gayA ho| usakI nIlI AbhA se aisA lagatA thA mAnoM vaidUrya parvata salila ke rUpa meM dikhAI par3a rahA ho / usakI ujjvalatA aisI thI mAnoM zaradAkAza kI meghamAlA galakara pRthvI para A gaI ho " | kahIM usameM taraMgeM uTha rahI thIM / kahIM krauMcavanitAe~ kalarava kara rahI thiiN| kahIM dhArtarASTra nAmaka pANDuvarNa ke haMsa pAnI meM paMkha phar3aphaDA rahe the / kahIM kinAre para baiThakara mora jala meM coMca DubA rahe 'the....'' | kahIM anaMta zatapatra aura puMDarIka khile hue the jina para ur3ate hue bhramarakula saMgIta kI tAna cher3a rahe the| kahIM krIr3A ke lie Ae hue hAthI sUr3oM meM jala bhara kara uDela rahe the|" 1. DA0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, kAdambarI: eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, pR0 133-34.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 293 jula-krIr3A nirmala sarovaroM meM striyoM kI jalakrIr3A kA citraNa bhI apabhraMza kAvyoM meM bejor3a kiyA gayA hai / kahIM-kahIM aisA bhI dekhA gayA hai ki jo rAjA digvijaya karate the ve vijita rAjA kI rAniyoM ke sAtha vApiyoM meM snAna karate the / kavivara puSpadanta ne NAyakumAracariu meM striyoM kI jalakrIr3A kA jo varNana kiyA hai vaha bar3A hI sajIva aura svAbhAvika bana par3A hai : gaNivaraNa taNu jalelhikkAvara addha millU kA vi thaNu dAvai / pamiNidala jalabiMdu vi joyai kA vi tahiM ji hArAvali Dhoyai / kAvi taraMgaha, tivaliu lakkhai sAricchau taho suhayaho akkhai / kAhe vi sahayaru parimala bahalaho kamalu muevi jAi muha kamalaho / suhumu jAlollu diTThaNahamaggau kAhe vi aMbaru aMgi vilaggau / kAhe vi upapariyaNu jale gholai pANiyachalli va lou nihAlai // koI strI ( lajjAvaza ) apane vastrarahita zarIra ko jala meM chipA hai| koI ardhonmIlita stana ko pradarzita kara rahI hai / koI hArAvali ko dhAraNa karatI huI jala bindu yukta padminI kamalinI ke samAna laga rahIM hai / koI taraMgoM se trivaliyukta pratIta ho rahI hai / bhramara kamala ko chor3akara kisI ke mukha kamala para baiTha rahA hai / kisI ke zarIra para bhIMgA vastra cipakA huA hai jo megha ke samAna pratIta ho rahA hai / * svayaMbhU kavi ne bhI jala-krIr3A kA citraNa karate hue likhA hai ki yuvakayuvatiyAM jala-krIr3A kara rahe haiM / ve devatAoM ke samAna snAna karate hue lIlA kara rahe haiN| jala ko hAthoM se uchAla rahe haiM / muraja-vAdya Adi dikhAI par3a rahe haiM / ve nAnA prakAra ke gIta gA rahe haiM aura bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI bhaMgimAeM banA raheM haiM Adi : 1 tahaM nara-nAri- juvai jala kIDai / koDaMtAi vhaMti suralIlai // salilu karaggaha ApphAlaMtai / muraya vajja-dhAyava darisaMtaha // khaliyahi vAliyahi ahiNava- geyahi / baddhai muyakrakhittiya teryAha // chaMdehitAlihiM bahulaya-bhaMgehi / karuNucchettihi NANA bhaMgehi //

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294 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka cokkhu sa-rAgau, siNgaar-haar-drisaavnnu| puppha-rajju-jhuvaMta, jalakoDaNau salakkhaNu // -svayaMbhUrAmAyaNa, 26.14--16. hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM bhI jalakrIr3A ke prasaMga prAyaH hI. Aye haiN| kutuvanakRta mRgAvatI meM jalakrIr3A kA svAbhAvika varNana isa prakAra hai : .' abharana cIra utAra dhari, paiThI savai anhaai| sasira nakhana lai tAre, saravara khelai Ai // caMcala capala sujAna sunaarii| mili sahelinhi kheli dhamArI // kor3a karahiM kumudini saba torhi| bihaMsahi haMsahi kaMvalaghaTa tohi // . . -pR0 155. jAyaso ne mAnasarodaka khaMDa meM padminI bAlAoM ke sarovara-snAna kA citraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai : dharI tIra saba chIpaka sAroM / saravara maMha paiThIM saba baarii|| pAeM nIra jAnu saba beliiN| hulasI kahi kAma ke keloM // -pR0 62. lAgoM keli karai maMjha norA / haMsa lajAi baiTha hoi torA // padumAvati kautuka kari rAkhI / tumha sasi hohu tarAina saakho| bAdi meli ke khela pasArA / hAru dei jauM khelata hArA // saMvarahi sAMvari gorihiM gorI / Apani Apani lInhi so joro|| . -pR0 60. usamAnakRta citrAvalI kA citraNa bhI lagabhaga isI paramparA meM dekhie : taura dharina saba cIra utArI, dhAi dhaMsI saba nIra mNjhaarii| kanakalatA phailoM saba bArI, puraini tora jAnu jala ddaarii|. mAnahu~ sasi saMga saraga tarAI, keli karata ati lAga sohaaii| haMsa dekhi jalahara taji gae, paduma sabai dina kumudinI bhe|

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 295 _ Ai cakora dekhi mukha rahA, saravara nAhiM gagana saba khaa| bhUle gagana acaka rahe tahAM, aba nisi naSata kahahi dina kahAM // -citrAvalI, pR0 47. ina saba uddharaNoM ko dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki apabhraMza kAvyoM tathA hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM paryApta sAmya hai| vastra utArakara taTa para rakhane vAlI bAta evaM jala meM snAna karatI huI sundariyoM kI rUpagata vizeSatA kA ullekha ina sabhI kAvyoM meM samAna rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| bAga-vana-varNana apabhraMza kAvyoM meM vana, upavana, bAga-bagIcoM kA vistRta varNana milatA hai| prAyaH kaviyoM ne vividha vRkSoM, latAoM Adi ke nAma ginA die haiN| parantu puSpadanta prabhRti vidvAnoM ne jo bAga-upavanAdi ke varNana kie haiM unameM mAtra vRkSoM ke nAma hI nahIM ginAe gae haiM apitu. saMskRta sAhitya ke varNanoM ko bhI mAta kara diyA hai| svayaMbhakRta riTThaNemicariu meM eka vana kA varNana kiyA gayA hai jisameM vRkSoM kI : nAmAvali hI rakha dI gaI hai : - harivaMsubhAveNa hari vikkama sAravaleNa raNayaM / / dosai deva dAru tala tAlI tarala tamAla chaNNayaM / lavali lavaMga lauya jaMbu vara aMba kavittha riThyaM / sammali sarala sAla siNi sallai sIsa vasa misa miTrayaM / caMpaya cUya cAra ravi caMdaga vaMdaNa vaMda sundrN| pattala vahala sIyala chAya layA hara maya maNoharaM / maMthara malaya mAruyaMdoliyaM pAyava paDiva pupphayaM / pupphaphphotha sakala bhasalAvali NAviya pahiya gupphayaM / kesari Nahara pahara khara dAriya kari sira litta mottiyaM / mottiya paMti kati dhavalokaya sayala disA vahatiyaM // 2.1 // kavivara rAjasiMhakRta purAnI hindI ke kAvya jiNadattacarita meM jo udyAna-varNana milatA hai usameM bhI apabhraMza kAvyoM kI taraha phaloM athavA vRkSoM ke nAma ginA die gae haiM :

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296 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka nAriMga jaMbu chuhArI dAkha, piMDakhajUra phophilI asaMkha / jAtIphala ilAyacI lavaMga, karaNA bharaNA koe navaraMga // kAthu kapittha vera pIpalI, haraDa vaheDa khirI aavilii| sirIkhaMDa agara galIMdI dhUpa, Narahi nAri tahi ThAi sruup|| jAI jahi vela sevatI, davaNo maruvau aru maaltii| . caMpau rAicaMpau macakuMda, kUjau vaulasirI jaasudu|| .. vAlau nevAlau maMdAra, siMduvAra surahI mNdaar| .. pADala kaThapADala ghaNahUla, saravara kamala bahutaka phUla // .. -jiNadattacarita, pR0 58-59. chitAIvArtA meM bhI yahI paripATI milatI hai / eka uddharaNa dekhie : . kusuma kuMda macakuMda maruvau keva ketukI klhaar| gulAla sevatI mokaro sundara jaai| mahaMdI padamAkha kevarau ativarSa caMpaga paai| jAti kUjau juhI ati gani rahI mhkaai| saghana dApyau dAkha kamarakha nArayaMga nibavA naari| bAdamma aMma jaMbhIra khArika saghana saravara pAri // 399 // kuMda khiraNI jAtI phulavAdi ganata biccha ko jAnai aadi| lauMga lAicI beli anUpa caMdana bana dekhe mahi bhuup|| 400 // rasaratana meM kavi pUhakara ne vRkSoM ke nAmoM ko ginAkara bAga-varNana kI paramparA se apane ko jor3a liyA hai : sunyo pura mitra baDhyo anurAga / bilokita naina manohara bAga / / rahyo sukha saMpati AnaMda jheli / ghanai phula phulahi lasai drumabeli // sadA phara dADima sobhita aNb| banai vara pIpara nIma kadaMba // mahAraMga nAraMga nibbU sNg| latA janu amRta soMci lavaMga // jamIrI galaggala zrIphala seva / phale kadalI phala cAhiM deva // parini SAraka tAla tamAla / sudhA sama dAkha anUpa rasAla // cameliya caMpaka bela gulAba / vaMdhUpa sarUpita sobhita lAla // -caMpA0 khaMDa, 100-103, pR0 141.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 297 - ukta apabhraMza evaM hindI premAkhyAnakoM ke bAga-bagIcoM ke varNana meM * adhikatama sAmya hai| ataH yaha kahane meM saMkoca nahIM honA cAhiye ki yaha apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA hI prabhAva hai| isI saMdarbha meM pRthvIrAjarAso ke eka rAjodyAna kA uddharaNa bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai : zrI khaMDa jhaMDa vAsayaM / gulAba phUla rAsayaM / ju caMpakaM kadaMvayaM / SajUri bhUri aMvayaM // su annanAsa jorayaM / satUtayaM jamIrayaM // aSoTa seva dAmayaM / avAla veli sAmayaM // . ja zrIphalaM naraMgayaM / saMvaha svAda hotayaM // cavaMta mora vAyakaM / mano sagota gAyakaM // citrazAlA-varNana . citrazAlA kA varNana hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM apane pUrvavartI sAhitya ke anurUpa hI huA hai| jinasenakRta AdipurANa meM varNita citrazAlA ko vizeSatAoM.kA DA0 nemicandra zAstrI ne isa prakAra ullekha kiyA hai : . 1. citrazAlA bahuta hI manojJa, svaccha aura sundara hotI thii| . 2. citrazAlA ko bhittiyAM bhI citrita rahatI thiiN| * 3: citrazAlA meM dharmanAyakoM, purANapuruSoM, aitihAsika vyaktiyoM . evaM zalAkA puruSoM ke citra TaMge rahate the| 4. citrazAlA meM darzakoM ko Ane-jAne kI pUrNa svatantratA . rahatI thii| 5. citrazAlA meM vinodArtha citroM kA aMkana bhI hotA thaa| 6. pratIka citroM aura vyakti citroM kA bhI Alekhana kiyA jAtA thaa| ___7. citrazAlA meM citrapaTa, kASThacitra, pASANacitra Adi rasamaya citroM ke sAtha dhUlicitra bhI upalabdha hote the|' 1. DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, AdipurANa meM pratipAdita bhArata, pR0 312.

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298 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka usa samaya ke prAsAdoM meM citrazAlA, pramadavana, puSpavATikA, kRtrimanadI, kroDAzaila, dhArAgRha, yaMtravyajana, zRMgAra-saMketa, mAdhavI-maMDapa, vizrAmacaurA Adi hote the| kIrtilatA meM usakA ullekha isa prakAra hai: . . pramadavana, puSpavATikA, kRtrimanadI, krIDAzaila, dhArAgRha, ... yantravyajana, zRMgArasaMketa, mAdhavImaMDapa // 2.244. vizrAmacaurA, citrazAlI, khaTvA-hiMDola, kusumazayyA, pradIpamANikya, candrakAntazilA / catussama pallavakaro prmaarth"|| .. -2.244-46 rasaratana meM sUrasena kI citrasArI kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai : sakhi rahai bhUmi mRga phuNmipaal| ati rucira rucitavaraM citrasAla // rAkhiya sugaMdha bhari kari vnaai| aMganaha madhyi saravara subhaai|| guMjarata mUMga rasavAsa lon| mRgavAla nAda svAdaha adhIna // parajaMka maMDa tahaM citta caari| paravAra hetu janu amara naari|| -caMpA0 khaMDa, 223-25. citrasAla citrita bahuraMgA / upajatu niraSi suSada suSa aNgaa|| vividha citra anavana vidhi sAje / jala thala jIva jaMtu saba rAje // likho bahuta lIlA krtaaraa| citra cAru dasauM avatArA // braja vinoda bahu bhAMtana cInhA / rAma caritra cAru saba kiinhaa|| soraha sahasa aSTa pttraanii| citrI iMdra dharani iNdraanii|| nAyaka nAtha liSe sura gyAnI / rukamina Adi ATha paTarAnI // rati ratinAtha citra puni kInhA / USA hita anurudha manu liinhaa|| citrita sakala prema rasa prIti / mAdho kAmakandalA riitii|| agnimitra yaurAvata dhAtA / bharathari prema piMgalA raataa|| -svayaMvara khaMDa, 230--234 Adi.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 299 hATa-varNana hAToM kA varNana vidyApati kI kortilatA, varNaratnAkara, pRthvIcandracarita, mAnasollAsa aura kAdambarI Adi meM jisa taraha huA hai usI ko hindI premAkhyAnakoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai / pRthvIcandracarita meM caurAsI hAToM kA ullekha isa prakAra hai : sonI haTI, nANAvara haTI, saugaMdhiyA haTI, phophaliyA, sUtriyA, sar3asUtriyA, ghoyA telaharA, dantarA, valIyarA, maNIyAra haTI, dosI, nestI, gaMdhI, kapAsI, phaDIyA, phaDIhaTI, eraMDiyA, rasaNIyA, pravAlIyA, bAMbahaTA, sAMSahaTA, pItalagarA, sonAra, sosAhaDA, motIproyA, sAlavI, mogArA, kuMArA, cUnArA, tUnArA, kUTArA, gulIyAla, parIyaTA, dyAMcI, mocI, suI, lohaTiyA~, loDhArA, citrahArA, sUtahArA, kAgalIyA, madyapa haTI, vezyA, paNa golA, gAMchA, bhADabhuMjA, vIvAhaDA, trAmbaDIyA, bhaiMsAyata, malinanApita, coSAnApita, pATIvaNA, trAMgaDIyA, vAhItrA, kAThavIThIyA,. cAvaThIyA, sUSaDIyA, sAtharIyA, teramA, vegaDIyA, vasAha, sAnthUA, peruA, ATIA, AlIA, dauDhIA, muMjakUTA, saragasa, bharathArA, pItala: haDA, kaMsArA, pattasAgIA, SAsarIA, maMjIThIyA, sAkarIyA, sAvUgara, lohAra, sUtrahAra, vaNakara, tambolI, kandoI, buddhi haTI aura kutrikApaNa httii| ina hAToM meM vezyA -hATa ( bAjAra ) kA citraNa apabhraMza kAvya NAyakumAracariu meM svAbhAvika DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai : vesAvADa jhatti paTTau / mayarakeu puravesaha diTThau / hi fade faas fo afDDhaya / NIlAlaya e eNa Na kaDhiya | kA vi vesa citai ki hAreM / kaMThuNa chiNNau eNa kumAreM / kA vi vesa aharaggu samappai / jhijjara khijjai tappai kaMpai / kA vi vesa raisalileM siMciya / vevai valai ghulai romaMciya / ghattA - tA vINAkalaravabhAsiNie devadattae rAyavilAsiNie / hiyaullae kAmadeu Thaviu kayapaMja lihatthe viSNaviu // 1. prAcIna gurjara kAvyasaMgraha - pRthvIcandracarita, pU0 95.

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300 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka kAmeM kAmiNi bhaNiya hseppinnu-aadi| -NAyakumAracariu, pR0 48-49. hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM kaI sthAnoM para caurAsI hAToM kA ullekha athavA saMketa milatA hai| pradyumnacarita ( 1411 vi0 saM0 ), sadhAra agravAlakRta meM isa prakAra likhA hai : ika sauM vane dhavala AvAsa / maTha maMdira devala caupAsa / caurAsI cauhaTTa apAra / bahuta bhAMti dIsai suvicAra // 17 // kavivara puhakara ne rasaratana meM jo hAToM kA varNana kiyA hai usakI tulanA pUrvavartI sAhitya ke hATa-varNanoM se kI jA sakatI hai : paThaMbara maMDita sobhita hATa / racyo janu deva surappati bATa // .. kahaM naga motiya becata lAla / kareM tahaM lacchiya mola dalAla // . kahU~ gardai kaMcana cAra sunAra / kahU~ nava nATika kautika hAra // kahU~ paTa pATa baneM jaratAra / kahU~ haya pherata haiM asavAra // kaha~ grahaiM mAlini causara hAra / kahU~ tisavArata haiM hathiyAra // kaha~ varaI kara pherata pAna / kahU~ gunI gAina sAjata gAna // kaha~ par3he paMDita veda purAna / kahU~ nara tAnata bAna kamAna / kahU~ ganikA ganarUpa nidhAna / kahU~ muni Isa karai tapa dhyAna // calyauM nagarI saba dekhata sUra / kahU~ mRgamache sugaMdha kapUra // rahai ika nAgari naina nihAra / calai ika pATa gavASa udhAra // -caMpA0 khaMDa, 146-153. isI prakAra zRGgAra-hATa aura phUlahATa kA citraNa jAyasI ke padamAvata ( 37, 38,39 ) meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| candAyana meM govara nagara ke sugandhi-bAjAra aura vahA~ kI kharIdadArI kA varNana dekhie : . suno phUla hATa saba phuulaa| jIu vimoha gA dekhata bhUlA // agara candana saba dharA bikAne / kuku parimala sugaMdhi gNdhaane|| benAM aura kevara suhaavaa| mola kiye (para) mahaMka (suMghAvA) // pAna nagarakhaNDa suraMga supaarii| jaiphara lauMga bikArI jhaarii|| daunAM maravA kunda nivaarii| gUdai hAra te becahiM naarii|| . khAMDa cirauMjI dAkha khurahurI, baiThe loga bisAha / hIra paTora soM bhala kApar3a, jita cAhe saba Aha // -candAyana, 28, pR0 92.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 301 azva-varNana hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM ghor3e-hAthiyoM ke jo citraNa kiye gaye haiM ve bho apanI pUrva paramparA se zRMkhalAbaddha haiN| varNaratnAkara meM azvoM ke nimna bheda kiye gae haiM : haria, mahaa, mAMgala, kuhI, kuvAla, kaosa, uraja, nIla, garuDa, pIara, rAoTa, doro, uvAha, valiAha, sevAha, koMkAha, keyAha, harAha, SorAha, roriha.." mANikyacandrasUri ne azvoM kI jAtiyoM ke viSaya meM eka lambI tAlikA pRthvIcandracarita meM dI hai : tarala tejI trNvaariyaa| kisyA te-- hayANA, mayANA, kuMkaNA, kAsmIrA, hayaThANA, paiThANA, sarasaIyA, soMdhaurA, kekAilA, jAilA, uttara-paMthA, tAjA, tejo, torakkA,kAcchUlA, kAMvojA, bhADejA, AraTTa, vAlhIkaja, gAMdhAra, cAMpeya, taittila, traigarta, Arjaneya, kAdaMreya, darada, sauvIra. kSetrazuddha, pramANazuddha, capalaM, sarala, tarala, uMcAsaNA, parIkSaNA, joyaDaM sahaI, bAMkI dreThI, samarapUThi, choTe kAne, sadhai bAni, sairanI * lalavalAI, nIghaTanI kalAI, pUchataNI AyatAI, palANataNI sAmaMtrAI, bAMkI tuMDavAli, bahulI peTavAli, muhirudhA, AsaNi sUdhA, hasamaMta, hayahevAravi, aMbara vadhira krtaa| - vidyApati ne kItilatA meM kIrtisiMha ko senA ke ghor3oM kI jAti aura unakI cAloM tathA zarIra-gaThana ke viSaya meM isa prakAra -likhA hai : aneka vAji teji tAji sAji sAji aaniaa|| parakkamehi jAsu nAma dIpa dIpe jaaniaa|| visAla kandha cAru vandha satti arU sohaNA // talappa hAthi lAMghi jAthi sattu seNa khohaNA // sujAti zuddha kohe kuddha tori dhAva kndhraa|| vimuddha dApe mAra TApe cUri jA vasundharA // 4.29-36.

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302 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka isI saMdarbha meM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se rasaratana ke azvoM kA varNana dekhie : palAneM tahAM teja-tAjI turaMgA / parai ucca ucchAla mAnau kuraMgA // kathA sulAsaM duraMgA suraMgA / kharai sveta potaM tathA sAvaraMgA // irAkI aravI turakkI vacchI / mamolA amolA liye mola lacchI // vaje dhAva dhAveM seM pUMcha acchI / mano uDDahIM vAhaM baiThe supacchI // ubhai karna Uce maha ucca grIvA / manau ucca uccaizravA sobha sIvAM // car3he sUravaMsI mahAsUra vIraM / ulaMghe manau cApi vArAdhi nIraM // savai SaDgadhArI cittai citta mohai / manau citta aureSi peSaMta sohai // --203-208, pR0 103. candAyana pR0 133 evaM 141 para rAvamahara ke azvoM kA varNana dekhA sakatA hai| 1 yuddha-varNana apabhraMza kAvyoM meM yuddhoM kA citraNa vistRta aura dRzyaM upasthita kara dene vAlA kiyA gayA hai / dhavala kavi ne harivaMzapurANa meM jo yuddha kA dRzya upasthita kiyA hai vaha sAkSAt eka citra ubhAra detA hai : > rahavau rahahu gayahugau dhAviu, dhANukkahu dhANukka parAyau / turau turaMga kuravagga vihatthau, asivakkharahu laggu bhaya catta / vajaha gahira tUra haya hiMsaha, gulu gulaMta gayavara vahu dIsaha // virghA taDAtaDA, muchiha maDA maDA / kuMta dhAya dAriyA, khagrgAhiM viyAriyA / jIva Asa melliyA, kAyarA vicalliyA // 89.10. arthAt ratha vAlA ratha kI ora, gaja gaja kI ora daur3A, dhAnuSka dhAnuka kI ora bhAgA, ghor3e ghor3e se, binA khaDga vAle nihatthoM se aura asi bhaya chor3akara kavaca se bhir3a gaI / vAdya jora-jora se baja rahe haiM, ghor3e hinahinA rahe haiM aura hAthI ciMghAr3ate hue dikhAI de rahe haiM | yoddhA viddha ho rahe haiM, bhaTa mUrchita ho rahe haiM, koI bhAloM ke prahAra se vidIrNa ho rahe haiM, koI khaDga se chinna-bhinna ho rahe haiM, jIvana kI AzA chor3a kara kAyara bhAga rahe haiN''|

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 303 ____ isI prakAra kA yuddha-varNana kavivara svayaMbhU ne kiyA hai / subhaTa subhaTa se, kavaMdha kavaMdha se, dhanaSabANa dhanuSabANa se, cakra cakra se, trizUla trizUla se bhir3a gaye-Adi : suhaDeM suhaDu kavaMdha kavaMdhe / chatte chattu cidhuhau cidhe / vANe vANu cAva vara-cAveM / khaggeM khaggu aNiTThiya-gavve / cakkaI cakku tisUla tisUleM / moggara moggareNa hulihuuleN| kaNaeMNa kaNau musalu vara-musale / koMte koMtu raNaMgaNe kusle| selle sellu khurappu khuruppe / phalihi phalihu gayAvi gaya-ruppe // -svayaMbhUrAmAyaNa, 53.7. jAyasI ke padamAvata meM rAjA aura bAdazAha kA jo yuddha dikhAyA hai usameM aura ukta yuddha-varNana meM tulanA karane se paryApta sAmya dikhAI par3atA hai| donoM ora se yoddhA kopa sahita mile aura hAthI hAthiyoM para pila gye| aMkuza bijalI ke samAna camaka rahe the| hAthI megha ke samAna garaja rahe the| pRthvI se AkAza taka donoM dala bhara gaye, jhuMDa ke Upara jhuMDa TUTa rahe the| koI bhI eka-dUsare ke dabAva se haTatA nahIM thaa| donoM hI Thosa vajra kI taraha the : - kopi jujhAra duhu~ disi mele / auM hastI hastinha kahaM pele| . AMkusa camaki bIja asa jAhIM / garajahiM hasti megha ghhraahiiN| . dharatI saraga duau dara jUhahiM Upara jUha / koU Tarai na TAre duau bana samUha ||-pR0 549. hastinha sauM hastI haThi gAhiM / janu parabata parabata sauM bAhiM // garua gayaMda na TAre TarahoM / TUTahiM daMta suMDa bhuiM prhiiN| parabata Ai jo pahiM traahiiN| dara mahaM cApi kheha mili jaahiiN| koI hastI asavAranha lehiiN| suMDa sameTi pAya tara dehiiN|| -pR0 550. devasenagaNi ke sulocanAcariu meM jaya aura arkakIrti ke yuddha ke varNana meM kavi ne yoddhAoM ko gati kA citraNa kiyA hai : bhaDo ko vi khaggeNa khaggaM khalaMto, raNe mammuhe sammuho aahnnNto|

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304 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka bhaDo ko vi vANeNa vANo dalato, samaddhAila duddharo NaM kynto| bhaDo ko vi koteNa koMtaM srNto| kare gIDha cakko arI sNphtto| bhaDo ko vi khaMDehi khaMDo kyNgo| bhaDantaM Na mukko sagAvo abhNgo|| 6.12. kotilatA meM vidyApati ne yuddha ke dRzyoM meM rUr3higata pratIka aura . dRzyoM ko hI rakhA hai : duhu disa pAkhara uTTha mAMjha saMgAma bheTa ho // __ khagge khagge saMghaliya phuluga upaphalai agni ko // assavAra asidhAra turaa rAuta so ttutttti|| velaka vajja nighAta kA kavacahu so phuTTai // ari kuMjara paMjara salli raha ruhira cIki gae gagana bhara // __rA kitisiMha ko kajja rase vIrasiMha saMgAma kara // "-4.182-287. . vidyApati kI kIrtilatA meM yuddha-sthala para hu~kAra karake vIra garaja rahe the| daur3ate hue ghor3oM kI paMktiyA~ TUTa jAtI thiiN| bANa se kavaca phaTa jAte the| rAjaputra roSa se talavAroM se jUjha rahe the| AruSTa vIra A rahe the aura idhara-udhara daur3a rahe the| eka-eka se lar3a rahe the, zatru kI lakSmI kA nAza kara rahe the.""khaMDa se khaMDa TakarA rahe the| agni ke sphuliMga phUTa par3ate the| ghur3asavAroM kI talavAra kI dhAra se rAuta ghor3e ke sAtha kaTa jAtA thA : huMkAre vIrA gajjantA pAikkA cakkA bhajjantA // dhAvante dhArA duTTantA sannAhA vANe phuttttntaa|| rAuttA rose laggIA khaggahI khaggA bhggiiaa|| ArudvA sUrA AvantA umagge magge dhAvantA // ekakke raMge meTTantA parArI lacchI mettttntaa|| .."khagge khagge saMghalia phuluga upaphalai aggi ko|| assavAra asidhAra turaa rAuta so TuTTai // -4.175-181. pUhakara ne senAprayANa ke avasara para isI prakAra kI zabdAvali kA prayoga kiyA hai :

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 305 sunai sora iMdaura taiM iMdra lajyau / jahAM saina caturaMga gaMbhIra sajyau // cale matta maimaMta ghUmaMta maMtA / mano baddalA syAma mAthe calaMtA // calate baMdhI pAi vairI parakkai / bajai ghaMgharU ghora ghaMTA Thanakkai // banI kiMkinI laMka lAgI dhanakkai / mano pAvasI raina jhillI jhanakkai // palAne tahAM teja tAjI turaMgA / parai ucca ucchAla mAnau kuraMgA // - vijaya0 198 - 203. puhakara kavi ne senAprayANa kA varNana apanI pUrva paraMparAnusAra hI kiyA hai| svayaMbhU kavikRta paumacariu ke raNa-yAtrA kA vivaraNa isa prasaMga meM uddhRta kiyA jA sakatA hai : pekkhu pekkha Avanta sAhaNu / galagajjanta mahAgaya-vAhaNu // pekkhu pekkhu hiMsanti turaGgama / hayale viu bhamanti vihaGgama // pekkhu pekkhu cindha dhuvvantaI / raha- cakkaI mahiyaleM khuppantaI // pekkhu pekkhu vajjantaI turaI / NANAviha NiNAya gaMbhIraI // -- paumacariu, 25.4. indrAvatI meM kavi nUramuhammada ne ghanaghora yuddha kA varNana kiyA hai / yoddhAoM kI DhAleM itanI adhika haiM ki cAroM ora kAlI ghaTA chAI huI laMgatI hai / khaDgoM se bijalI jaisI camaka hotI hai : bhayau ghaTA DhAlana so kArI, kharagata bhaye bIja camakArI / mAlA kharaga hanai saba koI, voDana kharaga ThanAThana hoI | gagana kharaga ghaTA soMThana gayaU, hina hina au dhuna hana hana bhayaU / onaI ghaTA dhUra soM, dina mani rahA chipAya / vahAM mahAbhAratya mA, savada pareu hU hAya // - pR0 98. svayaMbhU ke paumacariu meM dhanuSa kI TaMkAra aura khaDgoM kI khanakhanAhaTa ke lie jisa zabdAvali kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai vaha isase bahuta sAmya rakhatI hai : haNa-haNa-haNakAra mahArauddu / chaNa chaNa chaNantu guNa - sintha- sadu // kara-kara-yaranta kodaNDa payaru / thara-thara haranta NArAya - giyaru // 20

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306 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka 'khaNakhaNa khaNanta tikkhagga khaggu / hili-hili- hilanta haya caJcalagu // gula-gula- gulanta gayavara visAlu / haNu-haNu bhaNanta Naravara vamAlu // -- paumacariu, 63.3 aba taka yuddha kI vibhISikA kA varNana dekhA / aba yuddha ke bAda yuddha - sthala kI vIbhatsatA kA bhI dRzya dekhie - siyArineM cillAtI, pheMkaratI, aura zora macAtI haiM, aneka bhUtaniyAM bhUkha se DakAreM letI haiM / lAzoM ko cIratA - phAr3atA vaitAloM kA jhuMDa zora karatA, kabandhoM ko ulaTatata palaTatA aura Thela detA / '' rakta raMge sira ko siyAro dhar3a se alaga karake phor3a-phor3a karake khAne lagatI hai / rudhira kI nadI ke kinAre bhUtagaNa 'jhijharI' kA khela khelate haiM, Adi / siA sAra phekkAra rolaM karato / bahukhA bahU DAkinI ukkaranto / bahupphAla veAla rolaM karanto / ulaTTo palaTTo kabandho palanto / ... rakata ka rAMgala mAtha upari pheravI phori SA / '' ruhira taraMgiNa tIra bhUta gaNa jarahari khellaI / 201-212. jAyasIkRta padamAvata meM yuddhoparAnta yuddha-sthala kI vIbhatsatA kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai : kaMdha kabaMdha pUri bhuiM pare / ruhira salila hoi sAyara bhare // anaMda biyAha kaha maMsukhAe / aba bhakha jarama jarama kahaM pAe // causaTha jogina khappara pUrA / biga jaMmukanha ghara bArjAha tUrA // gIdha cIlha saba mAMDau chAvahaM / kAga kalola karahiM aura gAvahiM // Aju sAha haThi anI biyAhI | pAI bhuguti jaisa jiyaM cAhI // jenha jasa mAMsU makhA parAvA / tasa tenha kara lai auranha khAvA // - padamAvata, pR0 552. isI prakAra rasaratana ( yuddha khaMDa, 68-69 ) evaM candAyana ( 143, pR0 159 ) meM yuddhasthala para vIbhatsatA ke dRzya dekhe jA sakate haiM. / 1. DA0 zivaprasAda siMha, kIrtilatA aura avahaTTa bhASA, pR0 33-38. "

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 307 yuddha-vAdya-varNana ___ jaba senA yuddha karane ke lie prasthAna karatI thI, nagArA, bherI, turya, nosAna, Dhola Adi vAdyoM kA vAdana hotA thaa| yuddha-vAdyoM ke vibhinna nAma apabhraMza kAvyoM meM tathA usI ko paramparA meM hindI premAkhyAnoM meM bhI ullikhita milate haiN| AcArya somadeva ( 10vIM zatI) ke yazastilaka meM vibhinna prasaMgoM meM teIsa prakAra ke vAditoM kA ullekha hai : ___ zaMkha, kAhalA, duMdubhI, puSkara, DhakkA, Anaka, bhambhA, tAla, karaTA, trivilA, Damaruka, rujA, ghaMTA, veNu, vINA, jhallarI, ballakI, paNava, mRdaMga, bherI, tUra, paTaha aura ddinnddiy| pRthvIcaMdracarita meM nimnokta vAdyayantroM kA ullekha hai : vINA, vipaMco, ballako, nakuloSThI, jayA, vicitrikA, hastikA, karavAdina, kubjikA, ghoSavatI, sAraMgI, udaMbarI, trisarI, jhaMSarI, AlaviNi, chakanA, rAvaNAhatthA, tAla, kaMsAla, ghaMTa, jayaghaMTa, jhAlari, uMgari, kurakaci, kayarau, ghAgharI, drAka, DAka, DhAka, cUMsa, nIsANa, tAvaMkI, kaDuAli, sellaka, kAMsI, pAThI, pAU, sAMSa, sIMgI, madana, kAhala, bherI, dhaMkAra aura taravAra, mRdaMga, paTu, paDaha pramukha vAditra vAjyAM / ye haiM iguNa.: paMcAsa bheda vAjitroM ke nAma | * * svayaMbhU ne sainika bAjoM kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai : * pdd'-pddh-sngg-bherii-rvenn| kaMsAla-tAla-daDi-rauraveNa // . kolAhala-kAhala-NIsaNeNa / paccaviya-muundA-mIsaNeNa // dhammukka-karaDa-TivilA-dhareNa / jhallari-ruJjA-Damarua-kareNa // paDiDhakka-haDukkA-vajjireNa / ghummanta-matta-gaya-gajjireNa // taNDaviya-kaNNa-vihaNiya-sireNa / guma-guma-gumanta-indindireNa // pakkhariya - turaya - pavaNubmaDeNa / dhUvaMta-dhavala-dhua-dhayavaDeNa // maNa-gamaNAmelliya-sandaNeNa / jama-varuNa-kuvera-vimaddaNeNa // vandiNa-jayakArugghosireNa / sura-vahua-sattha-pariosireNa // __ghattA-sahaM seNNeNa sahai dasANaNu nniisriu| chaNa-candu va tArA-NiyareM priyriu|| -paumacariu, 63.1. 1. DA0 gokulacandra jaina, yazastilaka kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, pa0 225.

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308 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka puhakara kavi ke rasaratana meM senAprayANa ke samaya nimna prakAra ke bAjoM kA upayoga hotA thA : tahA sUra payAna nissAna bAjai / mano megha bhAdo mahA nAda nAjai / baje duMdubhI Dhola bherI mRdNgaa| sunai sora pAtAla madhye bhujaMgA // 196 // bajai bAMsurI saMSa sahanAi tUraM / bhaye sabda digpAla ke karma puurN| ... bhaI paMca hajjAra duMdubhI dhukaarN| u7 nIra pAtAla cali vArapAraM // 197 // -vijaya0 khaMDa, pR0 102-3. jAyasI ne padamAvata meM likhA hai ki yuddha kA aisA dRzya hone para bho rAjA ke hRdaya meM hAra na thI! usako AjJA se rAjadvAra ke UparI bhAga meM akhAr3A sajAyA gyaa| sAmane hI jahAM zAha utarA huA thA, usake Upara nAca kA akhAr3A jur3A thaa| jantroM meM pakhAvaja aura Auja Adi : bAje baja rahe the / ve vAdya isa prakAra the : jaMtra pakhAujha Aujha baajaa| suramaMDala rabAba bhala sAjA // bIna pinAka kumAica kahI / bAji aMbiratI ati gahagahI // caMga upaMga nAgasura turA / mahavari bAja baMsi bhala puuraa|| haruka bAja Dapha bAja gNbhiiraa| au tehi gohana jhAMjha mNjiiraa|| taMta bitaMta subhara ghanatArA / bAhiM sabada hoi jhnkaaraa|| jasa siMgAra mana mohana pAtara nAMhi pAMca / pAtasAhi gar3ha chekA rAjA bhalA nAMca / / -padamAvata, pR0 562. raNavAdyoM athavA vAdyoM kA vivaraNa hindI premAkhyAnaka chitAIvArtA (pa0 119 ), rasaratana ( pR0 386 ) Adi meM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM evaM hindI premAkhyAnakoM ke saMkSipta vastuvarNana kI tulanAtmaka sthiti se yaha svIkAra karanA par3atA hai ki hindI premAkhyAna apane pUrvavartI sAhitya se pUrNarUpeNa anuprANita hI nahIM hue apitu unhIM ke vikasita rUpa haiN| moTipha-abhiprAya moTipha ( abhiprAya ), kathA-abhiprAya yA kathAnaka-rUr3hi ko paribhASA Adi kA prazna prabandha ke tRtIya adhyAya meM hala kiyA jA cukA hai|

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 309 vivecita hindI premAkhyAnakoM kI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM kA bhI adhyayana usI adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ prazna apabhraMza kathA-kAvyoM meM prayukta kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM kA evaM unake prabhAvakSetra dikhalAne kA hai| lagabhaga ve sArI-kI-sArI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyA~ jinakA vivaraNa hama tRtIya adhyAya meM de cuke haiM-apabhraMza kAvyoM meM vidyamAna haiN| lokakSetra athavA lokakathAoM ke prabhAva se katipaya rUr3hiyA~ bhinna bhI ho sakatI haiN| jina apabhraMza kAvyoM ke kathAnaka hama pIche likha cuke haiM, kramazaH unhIM kI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyA~ yahA~ prastuta kI jA rahI haiN| lIlAvaIkahA kI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyA~ : 1. mNglaacrnnaadi| 2. kathA kA nAyaka rAjA hai| 3. eka anya rAjA vipulAzaya kI putrI kA gaMdharvakumAra se prema aura gandharva vivaah| 4. pitA ne gandharvakumAra ko rAkSasa hone kA zApa diyaa| 5. kuvalayAvalI kA AtmahatyA kA asaphala prayAsa / 6. sakhI siddhakumAra kA patA lagAne malaya parvata para gaI / 7. mAdhavAnila ko usakA zatru pAtAla loka le gyaa| 8. donoM sakhiyoM ne iSTasiddhi ke lie bhavAnI-pUjana kA nizcaya kiyaa| 9. kathA kI nAyikA lIlAvatI siMhala dvIpa kI raajkumaarii| 10. lIlAvatI sAtavAhana ke citra ko dekhakara mohita huI... citrdrshn| 11. sAtavAhana ko sAmrAjya-vistAra kI icchA aura siMhala ko prasthAna / 12. vijayAnanda dUta ko siMhala bhejA-naukA mArga meM TUTa gii| 13. taTa para use nagna pAzupata ke darzana / 14. lIlAvatI kI vivAha karane kI zarta ki usakI sakho ke priya ke mila jAne para vaha vivAha kregii| 15. zarta kA pUrA honA aura vivAha kA sampanna honA /

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310 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka paumasiricariu kI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyA~ : 1. maMgalAcaraNa-sarasvatI vaMdanA / 2. kathA ke nAyaka samudradatta kI pUrva bhava kI kthaa| 3. kathAnAyikA padmazrI kA apUrvazrI nAmaka udyAna meM samudradatta ___ kA darzana aura donoM eka-dUsare para mugdha / 4. vivAhoparAnta padmazrI ke sAtha jIvana bitaanaa| 5. mAtA kA patra bulAne ke lie| 6. samudradatta aura usakI patnI ke bIca kelipizAca ne antara : DAla diyaa| 7. patnI kA vilApa aura samudradatta kA chor3akara jaanaa| . 8. samudradatta kA dUsarA vivAha / . 9. padmazrI ko eka sAdhvI kA updesh| 10. sadAcaraNa karane para bhI padmazrI para corI kA kalaMka lgaa| 11. aMta meM tapasyA dvArA mokSalAbha / bhavisayattakahA kI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyA~ : . . 1. mNglaacrnn-sjjn-durjn-prshNsaa| - / 2. dhanapAla seTha aura usakI patnI pUtrAbhAva se cintita / 3. muni ke AzIrvAda se samaya para putraratna kI prApti / . 4. dhanapAla kA dUsarI zAdo krnaa| 5. pahalI patnI aura bhaviSyadatta kI upekSA / 6. dUsarI patnI se baMdhudatta utpanna huaa| 7. donoM putroM kA 500 vyApAriyoM ke sAtha dezAntara-bhramaNa para jaanaa| 8. samudra meM tUphAna kA AnA aura baMdhudatta kA bhaviSyadatta ko dhokhA dekara tilaka dvIpa para chor3a jaanaa| 9. bhaviSyadatta kA janazUnya nagarI meM phuNcnaa| 10. vahA~ atIva sundarI kanyA ke darzana / 11. eka rAkSasa dvArA donoM kA vivAha aura 12 varSa taka sAtha sAtha rhnaa| ..

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 311 . 12. samudra ke kinAre kisI jahAja kI khoja meM jAnA, vahA~ asaphala lauTate hue baMdhudatta se bheNtt| 13. baMdhudatta ko kSamAyAcanA aura bhaviSyadatta kI sArI sampatti - jahAja para lAdanA, usakI patnI ko usI para baiThAnA / 14. bhaviSyadatta kA jahAja calane se pUrva jinamaMdira meM darzana karane jAnA aura baMdhudatta kA use chor3akara patnI evaM sampatti lekara bhAga jaanaa| 15. deva kI sahAyatA se bhaviSyadatta kA ghara phuNcnaa| 16. rAjA se zikAyata aura nyAya prApta krnaa| 17. rAjA ne bhaviSyadatta ko apanA uttarAdhikArI banAyA aura apanI kanyA se vivAha kiyaa| 18. prathama patnI ko mAtRbhUmi jAne kI icchA, mainAka dvIpa kI yAtrA aura jaina muni ke darzana / 19. kucha dina bAda muni kA bhaviSyadatta ke pUrvabhava kA varNana aura bhaviSyadatta kA vairAgya / . 20. zrutapaMcamI kA mAhAtmya / ... jasaharacariu kI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyA~ : .. 1.. mNglaacrnn| 2. kathA kA nAyaka raajaa| . . 3. eka kApAlikAcArya kA nagara meM Agamana aura apUrva guNoM se sampanna hone kI ghossnnaa| 4.. rAjA kA vAyugamana kI zakti prApta karane kA anurodha / . 5. manuSya sahita sabhI prANiyoM ke jor3oM kI bali devI ko car3hAne kA vidhaan| 6. adhikAriyoM ne sabhI jor3oM kA prabandha kiyA parantu manuSya ke jor3e kA abhaav| 7. jaina sAdhu-sAdhvI kA nagara meM bhikSA ke lie AnA aura karma cAriyoM dvArA pakar3e jaanaa| 8. sAdhu kA rAjA ko AzIrvAda aura rAjA kA AkarSita honaa| 9. sAdhu bAlaka kA pUrva bhava ko kathA batAnA /

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312 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI pramAkhyAnaka 10. pUrva bhava ko kathA meM rAnI amRtamatI eka kurUpa vyakti se prema karatI thii| 11. rAnI ne rAjA tathA usakI mAM ko viSa diyaa| 12. muni dvArA vibhinna janmoM kI kathA kA btaanaa| . 13. anta meM mAridatta aura bhairavAnanda kApAlika bhI jaina dharma meM.. dIkSita hue| NAyakumAracariu kI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyA~ : 1. sarasvatI-vaMdanA se kthaarmbh| 2. kathA kA zrIpaMcamI vrata ke mAhAtmya-pradarzana ke lie nirmANa / 3. kathA kA nAyaka jyndhr| 4. vAsava nAma kA vyApArI vyApAra-yAtrA se lauTA aura anya upahAroM ke sAtha rAjA ko eka sundarI kA citra bheMTa kiyaa| 5. rAjA citra para mugdha ho gyaa| 6. rAjA kA maMtriyoM ko bhejanA aura usa kanyA se vyAha krnaa| 7. rAniyoM ke sAtha AnandodyAna meM jaanaa| 8. prathama rAnI ko dUsarI rAnI se IrSyA aura jinamaMdira cale jaanaa| 9. vahAM muni se putra-prApti kA AzIrvAda / 10. putra ke viSaya meM muni kI anya bhvissyvaanniyaaN| . 11. bacce kA kueM meM giranA aura nAga dvArA rkssaa| .. 12. bacce kA paira lagate hI maMdira ke dvAra khula ge| 13. paMcasugandhinI kA mahala meM divya bA~surIvAdaka kI khoja meM pahu~ canA aura nAgakumAra ko zreSTha pAkara apanI donoM kanyAoM kA vivAha krnaa| 14. dyuutkriidd'aa| 15. rAjakumAra kA uddhata ghor3e ko ThIka krnaa| 16. sautele bhAI kI IrSyA aura nAgakumAra ko maravAne kA prayatna / 17. mallayuddha meM nAgakumAra dvArA hAthI ko uThA lenaa|. . 18. ghamAsAna yuddh| 19. nAgakumAra ne bahuvivAha kie|

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 313 20. bhImAsura kA nAgakumAra kI patnI ko pAtAla meM le jAnA / 21. nAgakumAra dvArA pAtAla jAnA aura uddhAra / 22. antarkathAoM kA samAveza | 23. nAgakumAra bahuta kAla taka rAjya karate haiM aura anta meM muni - dIkSA le lete haiM / jambUsAmicariu kI kathAnaka - rUr3hiyA~ : 1. maMgalAcaraNa / 2. jambUsvAmI kI mAtA ke pAMca svapna aura muni dvArA unakA phalakathana / 3. zreNika rAjA ke vivAha kI bhaviSyavANI ki unakA vivAha mRgAMka putrI se hogA / 4. vidyuccara ne corI karane ke lie paharedAroM ko auSadhi se vehoza kara diyA / 5. sAgaradatta muni ke darzana se zivakumAra ko vairAgya utpanna honA / 6. bhavadeva kA vivAha hote samaya munisaMgha kA Agamana / bhavadeva kA muni bhavadatta ko pahu~cAne jAnA aura anicchApUrvaka dIkSA lenA / 7. dIkSA ke bAda meM nagara meM AnA aura mArga meM patnI ke mila jAne para vicalita honA parantu patnI ke sadupadeza se prAyazcitta karanA / 8. tIsare bhava meM muni sAgaradatta ke dvArA, pAMcaveM bhava meM sudharmA aura jambUsvAmI dvArA apane pUrvabhava kI kathA kahI jAtI haiM / 9. jambUsvAmI sudharmA se samyaktvopalabdhi kA kAraNa pUchate haiM / 10. sAgaradatta, zivakumAra muni aura jaMbUsvAmI ko eka-dUsare ke nimitta se vairAgya hotA hai / 11. anya jala-upavana-udyAnakrIr3A Adi sambandhI rUr3hiyoM kA bhI nirvAha huA hai / 12. yuddha ke antargata AkAzayuddha Adi kA varNana |

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-314 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka 13. antarkahAniyoM kA ullekha / 14. anta meM jambUsvAmI kevalajJAna prApta karake mokSa gae / karakaMDucariu kI kathAnaka rUr3hiyA~ : 1. maMgalAcaraNa / 2. rAjakumArI padmAvatI kA azubha lagna meM utpanna honA aura eka udyAna meM chor3A jAnA / 3. karakaMDu ne vivAha kiyA / 4. rAnI ko dohada huA ki vaha puruSa veza meM rAjA ke sAtha. bhramaNa kare / 5. nagara bhramaNa ke samaya hAthI bhAga khar3A huA / rAnI kI prArthanA para rAjA eka vRkSa ko zAkhA se laTaka kara alaga ho gayA rAnI eka vana meM pahu~ca gaI / 6. rAnI ke pahuMcate hI sUkhA vana harA ho gayA / 7. rAnI ko zmazAna meM putra utpanna huA jise eka cAMDAla le gayA / 8. eka anya rAjA kI mRtyu para karakaMDu ko rAjA banAyA gayA / 9. nAyaka aura usake pitA meM yuddha tathA mAM ne donoM ko milAyA / 10. nAyaka karakaMDu kI patnI ko eka vidyAdhara hAthI ke rUpa meM Akara haraNa kara le gayA / 11. karakaMDu kA siMhala meM jAkara rAjakumArI se vivAha | 12. siMhala kI rAjakumArI ke peTa se sarpa kA nikalanA aura karakaMDu dvArA usakA mAranA / 13. siMhala se lauTate samaya naukA para maccha kA AkramaNa / 14. karakaMDu ne maccha ko mAra DAlA para usakA eka vidyAdharo dvArA haraNa kara liyA gayA aura vaha naukA para na lauTa skaa| 15. rAnI eka anya dvIpa para pahu~ca gaI aura pati kI prApti prakaTa ho pati milana kA hetu pUjA kii| padmAvatI ne AzvAsana diyA /

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 315 .. 16. vidyAdharI ne karakaMDu se vivAha kiyA aura viyukta rAnI se milaayaa| 17. zIlagupta nAmaka munirAja kA zubhAgamana, karakaMDu ke unase tIna praznoM kA samAdhAna / 18. karakaMDu kA vairAgya, kevalajJAna aura mokSaprApti / uparyukta apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM kI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM ko dekhane se itanA anumAna avazya ho jAtA hai ki yaha eka paripATI hI thI jisakA pAlana kavi ke jAne athavA anajAne hI hotA rhaa| jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki hindI premAkhyAnakoM kI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM ( jinakA vivaraNa prabandha ke tRtIya adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai ) aura apabhraMza kAvyoM kI rUr3hiyoM meM nAyaka kA yogI honA, kisI camatkArI ghaTanA kA sahAyaka honA, siMhala dvIpa kI yAtrA aura vahA~ kI rAjakumArI se vivAha, prAkRtika dazya-varNana, rAnI ko dohada honA Adi kathAnaka-rUr3hiyA~ sAmAnya rUpa se donoM meM pAI jAtI haiN| aneka kathAnaka-rUr3hiyA~ saMskRta sAhitya se jyoM-kI-tyoM apabhraMza aura hindI meM A giiN| aneka tatkAlIna loka. mAnasa kI upaja haiN| . dohada ... pro0 blUmaphIlDa ne dohada 'moTipha' ko nimna chaH bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai : . . . 1. dohada ko apUrti garbhastha putra ko vikRta karatI hai athavA usake kisI aMga vizeSa ko AghAta pahu~cAtI hai athavA prajanana meM kaSTa paidA hotA hai| 2. dohada pati ko zIghra hI vIratA ke kArya, uccatama jJAna, buddhimattApUrNa kArya karane kI preraNA karatA hai / 3. dohada daivI karmoM kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai athavA daivI icchA kA rUpa letA hai| 4. dohada ghaTanA ko AlaMkArika yA rocaka banAne ke lie bhI prayukta kiyA jAtA hai, jo kahAnI kI mukhya ghaTanAoM ko prabhAvita nahIM krtaa|

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* 316 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka 5. dohada strI ke dvArA prastuta eka vizvAsa hai ki vaha kucha icchAoM kI saMtuSTi kara sake / 6. dohada eka banAvaTI AvazyakatA hai jo ki isa vizvAsa meM striyoM kI eka cAla (Trika ) hai ki unakI icchA pUrti honI cAhie / dohada ke ukta chaH rUpoM meM se antima rUpa kA prayoga apabhraMza athavA hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM dekhane ko nahIM milA / bhAratIya mAnyatA garbhiNI kI icchApUrti kA upakrama hai / yAjJavalkyasmRti meM spaSTa likhA hai. ki garbhiNI kI vicitra icchAe~ garbha kA svAbhAvika aura sahaja pariNAma hai ataH unakI pUrti avazya honI caahie| saMskRta, apabhraMza aura hindI : premAkhyAnoM meM isa paripATI ko kAlpanika kalevara dekara citra-vicitra: banAne kA khUba prayatna huA / dohada ke tIna bheda kiye jA sakate haiN| sAmAnya dohada arthAt garbhiNI kI icchApUrti aura vRkSa - dohada tathA tithidohada | vRkSa - dohada eka prakAra kI kAvyarUr3hi ho gaI thI / vRkSa ke sAtha dohada kA artha puSpodgama hai / meghadUta, raghuvaMza, naiSadha Adi meM isa zabda prayoga isa artha meM huA hai / tithi- dohada ke antargata yAtrA ke samaya tithi, vAra yA dizA se utpanna doSoM kI zAnti ke upakramoM ko parigaNita kiyA jA sakatA hai / muhUrtacintAmaNi Adi granthoM meM isa para vistAra se vicAra hai / rAste meM hone vAle zakuna-apazakunoM ko bhI isI meM sammilita kara lenA cAhie | apabhraMza aura hindI kathAkAvyoM meM tInoM prakAra ke dohadoM se sambaddha sAmagrI prApta hotI hai / yaha rUr3hi saMskRta sAhitya se hI calI A rahI hai / bhavabhUti ne uttararAmacarita meM sItA ke mukha se dohadapUrti kA Agraha karAyA hai / rAma, lakSmaNa aura sItA jaba vanavAsAdi ke samaya ke bhitticitroM ko dekhakara pUrvAnubhUtiyoM kA smaraNa kara rahe the to isI bIca arjuna ke phUloM se sugandhita mAlyavAn pahAr3a ke citra kA citraNa lakSmaNa dvArA kiye jAne para rAma ne unheM rokA / rAma se sItA kahatI haiM- 'Aryaputra, etena citradarzanena pratyu - tpanna dohadAyA mama vijJApanIyamasti / ' sItAjI ko garbhiNI kI icchA ke rUpa meM bhAgIrathI meM snAna karane kI icchA huI / ve kahatI haiM - ' jAne punarapi prasannagambhIrAsu vanarAjiSu vihRtya pavitranirmalazizirasalilAM

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 317 bhagavatI bhAgIrathImavagAhiSya iti' (pR0 58-59 ) / ThIka isI prakAra apabhraMza kathAkAvya karakaMDucariu meM rAnI ko rAjA ke sAtha hAthI para baiThakara ghUmane kA 'dohada' huaa| aise sAmAnya dohadoM ke aneka udAharaNa haiN| vRkSadohada ke viSaya meM, jaisA ki ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai, naiSadha, meghadUta, raghuvaMzAdi meM isa zabda kA prayoga isI artha meM huA hai / sAhityadarpaNa meM 'kavisamayaprasiddhi' ke antargata vRkSa-dohada ke saMdarbha meM likhA hai ki priyaMga striyoM ke sparza se vikasita hotA hai, bakUla nAyikAoM dvArA madirA ke kUlle kiye jAne para, azoka unake pAdAghAta se, mandAra madhura vacanoM se, campaka madhura hAsa se, Amra vaktravAta se, nameru saMgIta se aura karNikAra unake nRtya se puSpita hote haiM : ... strINAM sparzAtpriyaMguvikasati bakulaH sIdhugaNDUSasekAt pAdAghAtAdazokastilakakurabako vIkSaNAliGganAbhyAm / / mandAro narmavAkyAt paTumRduhasanAccampako vaktravAtAccUto gItAnnameruvikasati ca puro nrtnaatknnikaarH|| .. . -sAhityadarpaNa, pR0 562. eka zloka aura bhI AyA hai : .pAdAghAtAdazoko vikasati bakulo yoSitAmAsyamaye yUM nAmaGgeSu hArAH, sphuTati ca hRdayaM viprayogasya tApaiH / maurvI rolambamAlA dhanuratha vizikhAH kausumAH puSpaketobhinnaM syAdasya bANairyuvajanahRdayaM strIkaTAkSeNa tadvat // -vahI, pR0 561. - azoka vRkSa ke dohada ke sandarbha meM kumArasaMbhava kI mallinAthaTIkA ke uddharaNa bhI draSTavya haiM : sanUpuraraveNa strIcaraNenAbhitA nm| dohadaM yadazokasya tataH puSpodgamo bhavet // anyapAdAhataH pramadayA vikasatyazokaH zokaM jahAti bakulo mukhasIdhusiktaH /

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318 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka AlokitaH kurabakaH kurute vikAza mAloDitastilaka utkaliko vibhaati|| . -kumArasaMbhava, 3.26 ko TIkA. vRkSa-dohada para AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne hindI sAhitya kI bhUmikA ( pR0 230 Adi ) meM vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| _ tithi-dohada ke udAharaNa hameM hindI kathAkAvya mAdhavAnala-kAmakaMdalA, rasaratana Adi granthoM meM bahutAyata se mila jAte haiN| jaise gaNapatikRta mAdhavAnala-kAmakaMdalA meM tithi-vidhi-niSedha zIrSaka se tithi-dohada kI bAta puSTa hotI hai : AjA paDavA pretabIja, akhAtrIja yuga aadi| varajI cuthi gaNesanI, risipaMcamI prasAdi // 59 // . caMpAchaThi naI aMcalA, sattami sItala sujANa / AThami durvA gokulA, navamI rAma ramANa // 60 // kaliyuga Adi trayodazI, caudazi Iza anaMta / AmA nai punima pragaTa, nAri na dekhai kaMta // 62 // AdityavAra anaiM valI, mUla maghA revtti| pauDhI puSya punarvasu, soci caDhai nahIM satya // 63 // caitra AsoI nuratAM,. apara pakSanA doh| paravazi piMDa karI rahai, atAM ADI loha // 67 // rasaratana meM puhupAvatI ke janmoparAnta jyotiSo bhaviSyavANI karate haiM : iha vidhi paMDita karahiM bkhaanaa| vidyAvAna bhaviSya nidAnA // 183 // dasa atIta ekAdazI hoMhi avarSa smaan| tana pIr3A mana mUDhatA rahahi jatana kara prAna // 184 // jahiM caturdasa varaSa, vara vAlA karahi prves| taba kuTumba ciMtA miTahi, nizcita hohiM naresa // 185 // sUrasena aura rAjakumArI kA sarovara ke tIra para saMyoga huA usameM tithivAra diyA hai : jeTha mAsa sita pazchimI, tithi dasamI dasa jog| sUra sarovara tIra para, bhayau ubhai saMjoga // 233 //

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hindI premAkhyAnako, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 319 eka mAsa mAraga cale, sahyo sIta aru ghAma / * saravara sohanu paiSi kai, bhayau mahiM vizrAma // 234 // -rasaratana, pR0 106. vastuvarNana, moTipha, nijadhara tattva Adi ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke bAda hama maMgalAcaraNa, sajjana-durjanaprazaMsA-nindA Adi kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kreNge| maMgalAcaraNa __maMgalAcaraNa samasta bhAratIya granthoM meM milatA hai / saMskRta AcAryoM ne tIna prakAra se maMgalAcaraNa karane kA vidhAna batAyA hai| grantha ke Adi, madhya aura anta meM maMgalAcaraNa karane kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| isakA uddezya yaha hai ki kArya kA prArambha, utthAna aura anta nirvighna ho ske| yaha eka AsthA-vizvAsa aura saMskRti kI dena hai / apabhraMza kAvya hoM athavA hindI premAkhyAnaka sabhI meM kaviyoM ne apane-apane iSTadevoM kA smaraNa kiyA hai| kahIM-kahIM vAgdevI sarasvatI ke smaraNa se hI kAvya kA Arambha kiyA gayA hai-jaise NAyakumAracariu / nayanaMdI ne sakalavidhinidhAna kAvya meM sarasvatI kI stuti isa prakAra kI hai : chaiMsaNa chaccaraNa chaMdAlaMkAra phuriya pkkhuddaa| Navarasa kusumAsattA, bhigivya girA jae jayau // 1 // vilasiya savilAsa payA vAesI paramahaMsa tlliinn| .. muNigaNa hara pamuha muhAraviMda Thiya jayauhaM sivva // 2 // rasaratanakAra ne sarasvatI devI ko vibhinna vizeSaNoM se yukta smaraNa kiyA hai : jA gaMgA taarNgiivaanii| sAmyA pAtAyoM brhmaanii| jA brahmA Iso goviNdN| jA sUro devAnaM iMdaM // 7 // jA bAnI vogesaM iisN| jAvAnI AdeSaM diisN| jA vInA vAnodA dNddii| sA vAnI pAdoyaM caMDI // 8 // sumRta veda aru vyAkarana seva so aahi| brahma sutA nArAinI deta buddhi bala tAhi // 10 // -Adi khaNDa, pR0 4-5.

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320 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka apabhraMza-stuti meM sarasvatI ko SaDdarzana, chaMdAlaMkAra, rasa Adi se yukta batAyA gayA hai| usI prakAra smRti-veda-vyAkaraNa Adi sarasvatI kI sevA karane se milate haiM, yaha batAyA gayA hai / pUrvavartI kaviyoM kA smaraNa -- apabhraMza kAvyoM ke racanAkAroM meM apane pUrvavartI kaviyoM ko smaraNa karane ko bhI paramparA thii| sakalavidhinidhAna kAvya ke racayitA ne anya kaviyoM kA smaraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai : maNu jaNNa vakku vammIu vAsu, vararuDa vAmaNu kavi kaaliyaasu| .. kohala vANu maUru sUru, jiNaseNa jiNAgama kamala suru|.. vArAyaNavaraNAu viviyadadu, siri harisu rAya seharu guNadaTu / jasaiMdhu jae jayarAya NAbhu, jaya deu jaNamaNANaMda kaamu|. . pAlittau pANini pavaraseNu, pAyaMjali piMgalu viirsennu| siri siMhaNaMdi guNasiMha madu, guNabhaTaTu guNillu samaMsa bhadu / akalaMku vikhama vAIya vihaMDi, kAmadadu rudadu goviMdu dNddi| bhammuI bhArahi bharahuvi mahaMtu, cahumuha sayaMmu kaha pupphayaMtu / ghattA-siri caMdu pahAMcaMdu vi vivuha, guNa gaNa gadi mnnohru| kai siri kumAra sarasai kumaru, kitti vilAsiNi seharu // 1.5. . isI prakAra muni kanakAmara ne karakaMDucariu meM siddhasena, samaMtabhadra, akalaMkadeva , jayadeva, svayaMbhU aura puSpadanta kA ullekha kiyA hai : to siddhaseNa susamaMtabhadda akalaMkadeva suajlsmudd| jayaeva sayaMbhu visAlacittu vAesarigharu siripupphayaMtu // -1. 2. 8-9. yaha paramparA athavA rUr3hi hindI-premAkhyAnakoM meM jyoM-kI-tyoM calI aaii| puhakara ne nimnalikhita kaviyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai : prathama seSa aru vyAsudeva suSadevahaM pAyau / bAlamIka zrIharSa kAlidAsahaM guna gaayau| mAgha-mAgha dina jemi vAna jayadeva sudNddiy| bhAnadatta udayena caMda varadAika cNddiy||

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 321 ye kAvya sarasa vidyA nipuna vAkavAni kaMThaha dharana / kavirAja sakala guna gana tilaka sukavi pauhakara vaMdata carana // -rasaratana, pR0 5. sajjana-durjana-ullekha anya kaI kaviyoM ne bhI isa prakAra kI paramparA kA nirvAha kiyA hai| isake atirikta racayitA sajjana-durjanoM kA bhI smaraNa karate the| bhaviSyadattakathA meM isa prakAra kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai : iha sajjaNaloyaho viNau sitthtth| jo suhi majjhatthaM visichu ichu // jo puNu khalu khuDDu aiThTha sNgu| so ki. abbhatthiu dei aNgu|| paricchiddasaehi vAvAru jaasu| guNavantu kahimi ki kovi tAsu // u sakkai dekhivi paraho riddhi / Nau saMhai sarisahaM guNapasiddhi // 1.3. * rAmacaritamAnasa meM tulasIdAsa ne bhI khala-vandanA kI hai : * bahuri bandi khalagana stibhaae| je binu kAja dAhinehu baaeN| . parahita hAni lAbha jinha kere / ujare haraSa viSAda basere // * ina kaviyoM meM anabhijJatA-prakAzana kI bhI praNAlI thI athavA yoM kaheM ki inakI prakRti atyadhika sarala thii| tulasI aura svayaMbhU donoM * ne apane ko avivekI taka kaha DAlA hai : buhayaNa sayambhu paI vinnnnvi| bhaI sarisau aNNu NahiM kukai // vAyaraNu kayAvi Na jaanniyu| Nau vitti-suttu vkkhaanniyu|| Nau bujjhiu pinggl-ptthaaru| Nau bhmmh-dNddi-alngkaaru||pumcriu, 1.3.

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322 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka tulasIdAsa kahate haiM : kavita viveka eka nahi more / satya kahauM likhi kAgada kore // kavi na houM nahi catura pravInU / sakala kalA saba vidyA hInU // isI prakAra ke aneka uddharaNa milate haiM jinakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahattva hai / Rtu-varNana Rtu varNana ke prasaMga meM apabhraMza se lekara hindI premAkhyAnakoM taka aisA koI premakAvya nahIM milegA jisameM RtuoM kA varNana SaRtu athavA bArahamAsA yA caumAsA ke rUpa meM na milatA ho / premakAvya meM virahiNI athavA virahI kI sthiti kA sahI citraNa karane lie RtuvarNana Avazyaka bhI hotA hai| saMskRta meM to RtusaMhArAdi kAvya hI die gaye / RtuvarNana aura bArahamAse kA varNana kaviyoM ne saMyoga-viyoga ke nizcita pakSoM ke AdhAra para kiyA hai| mUlataH SaRtuvarNana kI paripATI saMyogazRMgAra ke lie aura bArahamAse kI vipralaMbha ke lie calI AI hai / SaRtu aura bArahamAse ke sambandha meM DA0 zivaprasAda siMha ne nimnalikhita vizeSatAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai' : 1. donoM ho uddIpana ke nimitta vyavahRta kAvya - prakAra haiM kintu sAmAnyataH SaDRtu kA varNana saMyogazRMgAra meM, bArahamAse kA viraha meM hotA hai / ina niyamoM kA pAlana bar3e zithila DhaMga se hotA hai, ataH apavAda bhI milate haiM / 2. RtuvarNana grISmaRtu se Arambha hotA hai, bArahamAse kI paddhati ke prabhAva ke kAraNa kaI sthAnoM para varSA se bhI Arambha kiyA gayA hai| bArahamAsA prAyaH AsAr3ha mahIne se Arambha hotA hai / 1. DA0 zivaprasAda siMha, sUrapUrva brajabhASA aura usakA sAhitya, pR0 337.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 323 3. ina kAvyoM ko paddhati bahata rUDha ho gaI hai, kavi-prathA kA pAlana bahuta kar3AI se hotA hai, isalie maulika udbhAvanA ko kamI dikhAI par3atI hai| harivaMzapurANa meM madhumAsa kA varNana karate hue kavi likhatA hai ki phAlguna mAsa bIta gayA aura madhumAsa A gyaa| madana uddIpta hone lgaa| loka anurakta ho gyaa| vana bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke puSpoM se sundara aura manohara ho gyaa| makaranda-pAna se matta bhramara guMjAra karate hue sundara laga rahe haiN| gahoM meM nAriyAM saja rahI haiM, jhalA jhalatI haiM, vihAra karato haiN| vana meM koyala madhura AlApa karatI hai / sundara mayUra nRtya kara rahe haiM : phagguNa gau mahumAsu parAyau, mayaNuddaliu lou aNurAyau / vaNa saya kusumiya cAru maNohara, bahu mayaraMda matta vahu mahuyara / gumagumaMta khaNamaNaiM suhAvahiM, ahapaNaTTha pemmuukkohi / kesu va vahi ghaNAruNa phulliya, Na virahagge jAla pmilliy| ghari ghari NAriu Niya taNu maMDihiM, hiMdolahiM hiMDahi uggAhiM / vaNi parapuThTha mahura ullAvahi, sihiula sihi siharohiM dhahAvai / -17.3. Upara vasaMta Rtu kA eka citraNa prastuta kiyA gayA / vastutaH RtuvarNana ke prasaMga meM yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki varNana kI paripATI yA mAnyatA kyA thI arthAt unakA krama kyA thaa| kisI ne vasanta ko pahale rakhA hai to kisI ne grISma ko / sAmAnyataH SaDRtuoM kA varNana karane vAloM ne vasanta Rtu se hI RtuoM kA prArambha mAnA hai / SaDRtu aura bArahamAsA sambandhI racanAe~ bhAratIya pradezoM kI kaI bhASAoM meM upalabdha hotI haiN| prAyaH SaDRtuvarNana saMyogazRMgAra ko lekara huA hai, saMdezarAsaka isakA apavAda hai| bArahamAsoM meM prakRticitraNa AsAr3ha mAsa se kiyA jAtA rahA hai| pUrva meM RtuvarNaka katipaya racanAoM kA nAmollekha kiyA jA cukA hai| saMdezarAsaka aura pRthvIrAjarAso ke SaDRtuvarNana bhI ullekhanIya haiN| ina vibhinna kAvyoM meM ye varNana vibhinna uddezyoM kI pUrti ke lie kie gae hI pratIta hote haiN| yoM prAcInatama praNAlI meM RtuvarNanoM kA mahattva mAtra prakRti ke saundaryanirU

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324 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka paNa kI dRSTi se grAhya thaa| rAso ke RtuvarNana kI vizeSatAoM para paM0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne vizada prakAza DAlA hai| kucha RtUvarNana sambandhI pada vibhinna kAvya-saMgrahoM meM bhI milate haiN| vasanta Rta kA eka AkarSaka citra prastuta karane vAlA udAharaNa dekhie : phullia kesu canda taha paalia maMjari tejjai cuuaa| .. dakkhiNa vAu sIa bhai pavahai kampa vioiNi hiiaa|| . keai dhUli savva disa pasarai pIara savvau bhaase|.. Au vasanta kAi sahi kariai kanta Na thakkai pAse // .. -prAkRtapaiMgalama, 213. vasaMta Rtu kI Amra-maMjariyAM, cA~danI, dakSiNI zItala pavana Adi virahiNI ke hRdaya ko pIr3A detI haiN| vasantAgamana se kezara kA dhUli cAroM ora phaila gaI hai jisase sabhI ora pIlA-polA hI dikhAI par3atA hai / nAyikA apanI sakho se pUchatI hai ki priya pAsa nahIM haiM aura vasanta A gayA, maiM kyA karUM ? madhumAsa kI isa pIr3A ko maMjhana ne madhumAlatI meM vyakta kiyA hai : caita karaha nisare bana baarii| banasapatI pahiro nava saarii| cahuM disi bhA madhukara guMjArA / pAMkhuri phUla DArinha anusaaraa| kusuma sIsa DArinha se kaaddh'e| tarivara nau sAkhA bhe baaddh'e| phAguna hute je taru patajhAre / te sabha bhae caita hariyAre / mohi patajhAra jo bhA binu saaii| so na sakhI maulA aba taaii| dukhu dai prItama chADi gA janani dInha bnvaas| au rabi AThauM mai tapA kai mohi sira paragAsa // 410 // -madhumAlatI, pR0 358. vasantAgama ke samaya virahI loga puSpoM ko gandha, manda pavana ke jhoMkoM, bhauroM kI guMjAra aura koyala-rava se kaSTAnubhava karate haiM tathA pUrvasaMyogAvasthA kA smaraNa karate haiM : jaM phullu kamalavaNa bahai lahu pavaNa bhamai bhamarakula disi vidisaM 1. DA0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI, hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, pR0 82-83.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 325 jhaMkAra palai vaNa ravai kuhila gaNa virahia hia hua dara virsN|| -prAkRtapaiMgalam, 213. rasaratanakAra ne SaDRtu-bArahamAse kA atyadhika manamohaka citra upasthita kiyA hai| vasaMta Rtu kA rasaratana meM isa prakAra varNana kiyA gayA hai : madhu mAsa caita sobhita vasaMta / saMyoga saMga daMpati lsNt| ritu pAI rAja rati rAja saaj| dala sajja kona virahinI kAja // 79 // aMkurita patra taru harita nIla / hali calita manau dala madana pol| raMga aruna phUli kiMsuki vidhAna / janu kaTaka mAMjha sobhita vitAna // 8 // sobhita sarasa chavi amba maura / sira DhahiM manau manamathya caur| kevaro malati mAlatI jaai| janu maina vAna rASiya vanAi // 81 // . guMjarata bhramara kokila sukora / jasu bhanata baMdijana vipra dhiir| lapaTAi latA lAgI tamAla / janu karati triyA kara aMkamAla // 82 // sunu suka ju citta muhi nahina caita / bhaye madana sUra mili madana kaita / 'hiya sUna prAna gharanI nikaMta / kihi aMga saMga mAnau vasaMta // 83 // -yuddhakhaMDa, pR0 212. ... bAraha mAsoM ke varNana ke lie neminAthacaupaI kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| neminAthacaupaI meM jainoM ke bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha aura rAjamatI ke prema kA romAMcakArI evaM svAbhAvika citraNa hai| jyeSTha mAsa meM .jisa prakAra sUrya tapta hotA hai, nadiyAM sUkha jAtI haiM, aisI avasthA meM pati ke na Ane se caMpA-latA ko puSpita dekhakara neha-pago rAjula mUcchita ho jAtI hai : jiTTha viraha jimi tappai sUra, chaNa viyoga sUkhiu nai puur| pikkhiu phulliu caMpai villi, rAjala mUrcI neha gahilli // isa varNana kA jAyasI ke padamAvata meM kie gae jyeSTha mAsa ke varNana se sAmya dekhA jA sakatA hai :

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326 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka jeTha jarai jaga bahai luvaaraa| uThe bavaMDara dhikai pahArA // biraha gAji hanivaMta hoi jAgA / laMkA DAha kara tana lAgA // cAriha~ pavana akorai aagii| laMkA DAhi palaMkA laagii|| dahi bhai syAma nadI kaaliNdii| biraha ki Agi kaThina asi mNdii|| parabata samuMda megha sasi dinaara sahi na sakahiM yaha aagi| ... muhamada satI sarAhie jarai jo asa piya lAgi // 355 // .. -padamAvata, pR0 354. pRthvIrAjarAso meM pRthvIrAja bhinna-bhinna RtuoM meM kAma se pratAr3ita hotA hai| canda ne aise avasaroM para RtuoM kA advitIya varNana kiyA hai: mora sora cahu~ ora ghaTA AsAr3ha baMdhi nabha / vaca dAdura jhigurana raTata cAtiga raMjata subha // nIla barana vasumatiya pahira AbhraMna alaMkiya / caMda vadhU sivyaMda dhare vasumattisu rajjiya // . baraSata bUMda dhana meghasara taba subhoga jaddava kNari| nana haMsa dhIra dhIraja sutana iSa phuhe mana mattha kari // 25-65 // ghana ghaTA baMdhi tama megha chaay| dAminiya damaki jAminiya jAya // bolaMta mora giravara suhaay| cAtigga raTata cihu~ ora chAya // kavi ahahamANa eka nAyikA ke mAdhyama se varSA Rtu kA citraNa karate hue likhate haiM ki koI viraha-kAtarA priyA kisI pathika se apane priya ko saMdezA bhejatI hai| vaha meghoM kA samaya hai| dasoM dizAoM meM bAdala chAye hue haiM, raha-raha ke ghaharA uThate haiM, AkAza meM vidyullatA camaka rahI hai, kar3aka rahI hai, dAduroM kI dhvani cAroM ora vyApta ho rahI hai-dhArAsAra varSA eka kSaNa ke lie bhI nahIM ruktii| hAya pathika, pahAr3a kI coTiyoM para se usane ( priya ne ) kaise sahA hogA? jhaMpavi tama vaddaliNa dasaha disi chAyau aMbaru, unnaviyau ghurahurai ghoru ghaNu kisaNaDaMbaru /

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 327 Nahahamaggi Nahavalliya tarala taDayaDivi laDakkai, vaduraraDaNa raudu sadu kavi sahavi Na sakkai / nivaDa nirantara nIrahara duddhara dharadhAroha mru| kima sahau pahiya siharaTTiyai dusahau koila rasaha sru||148|| -saMdezarAsaka. pRthvIrAjarAso ke varSA-varNana meM kavi likhatA hai-bAdala garaja rahe haiM, pratyeka kSaNa pahAr3a ke samAna bIta rahA hai, sajala sarovaroM ko dekhakara saubhAgyavatiyoM ke hRdaya phaTe jA rahe haiM, bAdala jala se sIMca-sIMcakara premalatA ko paluhA rahe haiM, kokiloM ke svara ke sAtha madana apanA bANasaMdhAna kara rahe haiM, dAdura, mora, dAminI, cAtaka zatru-sama vyavahAra kara rahe haiM Adi : .. . ghana garajai gharaharai palaka nisa raini nighhai| sajala sarovara piSSi hiyau tatachana ghana phahai // jala baddala barapaMta pema pallahau nirantara / kokila sura uccarai aMga paharaMta paMcasara // dAduraha mora dAmini dasaya ari cavattha cAtaka raTaya / . . pAvasa pravesa bAlama na cali viraha agini tana tapa ghaTaya / * jaisA ki pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki bAda ke RtuvarNanoM meM prAkRtika dRzyoM kA dhyAna utanA nahIM rakhA jAne lagA jitanA vastuoM ko nAmaparigaNanA kaa| isa paddhati meM jinapadmasUri ke thUlibhaddaphAgu ke varSAvarNana ko dekhA jA sakatA hai : jhirijhiri jhiramira jhiramira e mehA vrsNti| khalahala khalahala khalahala e bAdalA vhNti|| jhaba jhaba jhaba jhaba jhaba jhaba e bIjuliya jhakkai / thara hara thara hara thara hara eka virahiNi maNu kaMpai // 6 // mahura gaMbhIra sareNa meha jimi jimi gaajnte| paMca bANa nija kusuma bANa tima tima sAjante // jimi jimi ketaki mahamahaMta parimala vigsaavi| - timi timi kAmiya caraNa laggi nija ramaNi manAvai // 7 //

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328 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hidI premAkhyAnaka viSaya-vivecana kI daSTi se grantha yA racanA ko ekAdhika bhAgoM meM vibhavata karanA anivArya tattva hai| inako nAmakaraNa kI dRSTi se sarga, adhyAya, pariccheda, khaMDa, lambaka aura sandhi Adi rUpoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM meM prAyaH 'sandhi' hotI thI aura unameM kahIM-kahIM pariccheda bhI hote the| isakI sUcanA pratyeka saMdhi ke pratyeka pariccheda kI samApti para de dI jAtI thI / udAharaNArtha : iha NAyakumAracAracarie NaNNaNAmaMkie mahAkavipuphphayaMtaviraie mahAkanve bAlavIralaMbho NAma cauttho pariccheu samatto / saMdhi // 4 // .. hindI meM kahIM khaMDa, kahIM adhyAya aura kahIM paricchedAdi dvArA viSayavibhakta karake vivecana kI paripATI rahI hai| padamAvata, rasaratana Adi meM 'khaMDa' nAmakaraNa kiyA gayA hai, jaisa-apsarA khaMDa, yuddha khaMDa, siMhala . yAtrA-varNana khaMDa Adi / chaMda . apabhraMza evaM hindI premAkhyAnakoM ko chanda-yojanA para vicAra karane ke pUrva 'chanda' zabda ke artha se paricita honA Avazyaka hai| 'chanda' zabda kA kaI arthoM meM prayoga kiyA jAtA rahA hai| zrImadbhagavadgItA meM vedoM ko 'chandasa' kahA gayA hai : UrdhvamUlamadhaHzAkhamazvatthaM prAharavyayam / chandAMsi yasya parNAni yastaM veda sa vedavit // 15.1. amarakoza meM 'chanda' zabda kA artha abhiprAya likhA gayA hai'abhiprAyazchanda AzayaH / anyatra amarakozakAra ne chanda kA artha 'vaza'-'abhiprAyavazau chandAbdI jImUtavatsarA' kiyA hai / gAyatrI pramukha chanda hai-'gAyatrI pramukhaM chando' / padya dvArA vyakta abhilASA chanda hai'chandaH padye'bhilASe ca / hindI zabdasAgara ke anusAra 'chaMda' saMjJA 1. amarakoza, tRtIya kANDa, saMkIrNavarga, zloka 20. 2. vahI, nAnArthavarga, zloka 88. 3. vahI, dvitIya kAMDa, brahmavarga, zloka 22. 4. vahI, tRtIya kAMDa, nAnArthavarga, zloka 232.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 329 puMliMga zabda hai jo saMskRta 'chaMdas' se nikalA hai| hindI meM isa zabda kA solaha arthoM meM prayoga milatA hai| DA0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne chanda ko Avega kA 'vAhana' tathA 'eka citta ke anubhava ko aneka cittoM meM anAyAsa saMcarita karane vAlA mahAn sAdhana' mAnA hai| kAlidAsa ne chanda kA Adi rUpa praNava ko mAnA hai| -'praNavazchandasAmiva / pANinIyazikSA meM vedajJAna kI jisa puruSarUpa meM kalpanA kI gaI hai usa puruSa ke caraNa chanda haiM : chandaH pAdau tu vedasya hastau kalpo'tha ptthyte| jyotiSAmayanaM cakSuniruktaM zrotramucyate // 41 // zikSA ghrANaM tu vedasya mukhaM vyAkaraNaM smRtam / tasmAt sAGgamadhItyeva brahmaloke mahIyate // 42 // aisI mAnyatA hai ki vaidika yuga meM chanda devatAoM ko prasanna karane ke. sAdhana the| parantu sAhityika vidhAoM meM chandoM kA prayojana 'eka citta ke anubhava ko aneka cittoM meM anAyAsa saMcarita karane vAle mahAna . sAdhana' se hai| DA0 puttUlAla zukla ke zabdoM meM 'chanda vaha vaikharI dhvani ( mAnavoccArita dhvani ) hai, jo pratyakSIkRta nirantara taraMgabhaMgimA se AhlAda ke sAtha bhAva aura artha ko abhivyaMjanA kara ske| chanda ko bhedoM kI daSTi se piMgala nAgamuni ne sama, arddhasama aura viSama tIna rUpoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai--samamardhasamaM viSamaM ca / piMgalacchandaHsUtram ke TokAkAra halAyudha bhaTTa ne likhA hai ki jisake cAroM pAda eka lakSaNayukta hoM vaha sama vRtta aura jisake ardha pAda ( do caraNa ) eka samAna hoM tathA dUsare do caraNa eka samAna hoM use ardhasama chanda 1. hindI zabdasAgara ( bRhat ). 2. DA0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI, sAhitya kA marma, pR0 41. 3. vahI, pR0 46. 4. raghuvaMza, 1.11. 5. pANinIyazikSA, 41-42. 6. DA0 puttUlAla zukla, Adhunika hindI-kAvya meM chaMda-yojanA, pR0 21.

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330 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka kahate haiN|' ukta viSaya ke vistAra meM na jAkara yahA~ hama katipaya apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM meM prayukta chandoM ke adhyayana ke bAda hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM varNita chandoM para tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra kreNge| apabhraMza racanA sudaMsaNacariu meM kavi nayanaMdI ne vANika aura mAtrika donoM prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| isameM prayukta chandoM kI tAlikA isa prakAra hai : pAdAkulaka, ramaNI, mattamAtaMga, kAmabANa, duvaI bhayaNa vilAsA, bhujaMgaprayAta, pramANikA, toDasAu, maMdAkrAntA, zArdUlavikrIDita, mAlino, dodhaya, samAnikA, bhayaNa, tribhaMgikA ( maMjarI, khaMDiya aura gAthA kA mizraNa ), AnaMda, dvibhaMgimA ( duvaI aura gAhA kA mizraNa ), AraNAla, tomara, maMdayArutti, amarapurasundarI, madanAvatAra, mAgahaNakuDiyA, zAlabhaMjikA, vilAsinI, uviMdavajjA, iMdavajjA athavA akhINai, uvajAi ( upajAti ), vasaMtacaccara, vasaMttha, udhvasI, sArIya, caMDavAla, bhramarapada, AvalI, candralekhA, vastu, NiseNI, latAkusuma, racinA, kuvalayamAlinI, maNizekhara, dohA, gAthA, paddhaDiyA, uNDiyA. mottiyadAma, toNau, paMca-cAmara, saggiNI, maMdAradAma, mANiNI, paddhaDiyA ( rayaNamAla, cittaleha, caMdaleha, pAraMdiyA, rayaDA ityAdi ) / nayanandokRta sakalavidhanidhAna kAvya meM sudaMsaNacariu meM prayukta chandoM ke atirikta ye chanda prayukta hue haiM : __ zreNikA, upazreNikA, viSamazIrSaka, hemamaNimAla, rAsAkulaka, maMdaratAra, khaDikA, maMjarI, turaMgagati ( madana ), maMdatArAvalI ( kusumakusumAvali ), siMdhuragati, cArupadapaMkti, manoratha, kusumamaMjarI, vizloka, mayaNamaMjarI, kusumaghara, bhujaMgavilAsa. helA, uvavichiyA, rAsAvalaya, kAmalaliyA, sundaramaNibhUSaNa, haMsalIla, raktA, haMsiNI, jAmiNo, maMdarAvalI, jayaMtiyA, maMdoddhatA, kAmakor3A, NAgakaNNA, aNaMgabhUsaNa, gauMdalIla, guNabhUSaNa, ruciraMga, strI, jagansAra, saMgItakagAndharva, bAla 1. piMgala nAgamuni, piMgalacchandaHsUtram, 2.5.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 331 bhUjaMgalalita, caMDa, zRMgAra, pavana, hariNakula, aMkaNikA, dhanarAjikA ( helA ), aMjanikA, vasantatilaka, pRthivI, priyaMvadA ( anantakokilA), pupphamAla, paMtiyA, zAlinI, vidyunmAlA, yathoddhatA, kaustubha ( toNaka ), azokamAlinI ityaadi| kavi lakkhaNa ne jiNadattacariu meM vANika-mAtrika donoM prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai : vilAsiNI, madanAvatAra, cittaMgayA, mottiyAdAma, piMgala, vicittamaNAharA, AraNAla, vastu, khaMDaya, jaMbheTTiyA, bhujaMgappayAu, somarAjI, saggiNI, pamANiyA, pomaNI, caccara, paMcacAmara, NarAca, tibhaMgiNiyA, ramaNIlatA, samANiyA, cittiyA, bhamarapaya, bhoNaya, amarapurasundarI, lahumattiyasigiNI, lalitA ityAdi / paumacariu meM gandokadhArA, dvipadI, helAdvipadI, maMjarI, zAlabhAMjikA, AraNAla, jaMbhediyA, paddhar3ikA, vadanaka, pArANaka, madanAvatAra, vilAsino, pramANikA, samAnikA, bhujaMgaprayAta Adi chandoM kA prayoga * huA hai| apabhraMza ke ukta chandoM kI eka lambI tAlikA prastuta karane kA . mAtra yaha uddezya rahA hai ki apabhraMza kAvyoM meM prayukta adhikAMza chandoM * kI jAnakArI ho sake / ina chandoM ke lakSaNa yA paribhASA dene kA uddezya tahIM hai| yoM apabhraMza ke jina kAvyoM kA sampAdana ho cukA hai unake sampAdakoM ne apanI bhUmikA athavA prastAvanA meM sampAdita kAvya ke chandoM para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| udAharaNArtha-bhavisayattakahA ( pR0 2836 ), NAyakumAracariu (pR0 57-62 ), karakaMDucariu (pR0 49 ), jambasAmicariu (pR0 101-107), mayaNaparAjayacariu ( pR0 71-77 ) Adi hamAre sAmane haiN| apabhraMza kAvya kaDavakabaddha adhika likhe gye| apabhraMza kAvyoM meM sarga kI jagaha prAyaH sandhi kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai| pratyeka saMdhi meM aneka kaDavaka hote haiM aura eka kaDavaka ATha yamakoM kA tathA eka yamaka do padoM kA hotA hai| eka pada meM, yadi yaha paddhar3iyAbaddha

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- 332 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka ho to, solaha mAtrAe~ hotI haiM / AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra cAra paddhar3iyoM yAnI ATha paMktiyoM kA kaMDavaka hotA hai / apabhraMza kAvyoM meM caupAI kA prayoga prArambhika avasthA meM paddhar3iyoM kI apekSA kama huA hai / paddhar3iyA chandoM meM zreSTha aura mana ko prasanna karane vAlA mAnA jAtA thA / svayaMbhU kavi ne likhA hai ki rAsAbaMdha meM ghattA chaDDANa aura paddhar3iyA ke prayoga se janamana-abhirAma ho jAtA hai : ghattA chaDDaNiahiM paddhar3iyAhi suaNNa rUe hi / rAsAbaMdha kavve jaNamaNa ahirAmao hohi // puhakara ne rasaratana meM likhA hai ki jisa prakAra samasta chandoM meM paddharI chanda zobhita hotA hai vaise hI pUrNa kalAoM se yukta candra zobhita ho: rahA thA : ratinAtha deSi tahAM dhavala dhAma / mani mukti jaTita nainani virAma // navasata kalAni mili lasata caMda / jihi chaMda samata paddharI chaMda // 24 // - svapna, pR0 31. apabhraMza kathAkAvya bhavisayattakahA meM paddhari chaMda kA bahutAyata se prayoga huA hai / vahA~ isakA prayoga kaDavaka vidhAna ke lie huA hai / kar3avaka ke anta meM ghattA prAyaH rakhA gayA hai / paddhari ke cAra pAda aura pratyeka pAda 16 mAtrAoM kA hotA hai / udAharaNa ke lie bhavisayattakahA kA paddhari chaMda dekhie : vitthAriva loyaNadala visAla / ullavai haseviNu kayaNamAla // Ayo AeM phira kavaNu kajju / huMtau paDiuttaru demi ajju // ukta paddhari chaMda meM cAra pAda aura pratyeka pAda meM 16 mAtrAeM haiM / bhavisayattakA meM alillaha chaMda kA bhI prayoga huA hai jo bAda ke hindI kAvyoM meM Akara arilla chaMda ke nAma se jAnA gayA / puSpadaMta ne 1. DA0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI, hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, pR0 1000

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 333 NAyakumAracariu, kanakAmara ne karakaMDucariu evaM anya apabhraMza kaviyoM ne paddhari chaMda kA prayoga kar3avaka vidhAna ke lie kiyA hai| karakaMDucariu kA eka udAharaNa dekhie : hiM srvriuggypNkyaaiN| NaM dharaNi vayaNi NayaNullayAI ||-pR0 4. jisa prakAra apabhraMza meM 8 yamakoM arthAt eka kar3avaka ke bAda ghattA dene ko praNAlI thI usI prakAra hindI ke dohA-caupAI meM likhe jAne vAle padamAvata, rAmacaritamAnasa Adi granthoM meM 7 caupAI ke bAda eka dohA dene kI praNAlI cala pdd'ii| ___ apabhraMza meM jo sthAna paddhari kA thA vahI hindI meM caupAI ko milaa| caupAI chaMda hindI premAkhyAnaka kaviyoM kA priya chaMda rahA hai| kutUbana kI magAvatI meM prayukta chandoM ko caupAI aura doharA kahA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke lie : mRgAvatI suni jia rahasAI / kAmA janu madhavAnala pAI // -sUphI kAvyasaMgraha, pR0 98. jAyasI, maMjhana, usamAna, jAna Adi kaviyoM ne kramazaH padamAvata, madhumAlatI, citrAvalI aura kanakAvatI meM isa chaMda kA prayoga kiyA hai| caupAI chaMda ke samrATa tulasIdAsa jI hue jinhoMne rAmacaritamAnasa meM isa chaMda kA sarvAdhika prayoga kiyaa| caupAI aura paddhari chaMda mUlataH kathAkAvyoM meM prayukta hone vAle chaMda haiN| dohA mAtrika chaMda hai| isake prathama aura tRtIya caraNa meM 13-13 mAtrAeM evaM dvitIya aura caturtha caraNa meM 11-11 mAtrAeM hotI haiN| jAyasokRta padamAvata meM sAta caupAiyoM ke bAda eka dohe kA krama rakhA hai| parantu usameM aise dohe ho milate haiM jinameM prathama-tRtIya caraNoM meM 13-13 mAtrAeM nahIM miltii| 13 mAtrAoM ke sthAna para kahIM 16 mAtrAeM bhI milatI haiN| vAstava meM yaha apabhraMza kA hI prabhAva samajhanA caahiye| apabhraMza kAvyoM meM paddhaDikA ( 16 mAtrAoM kA chaMda ), badanaka ( bhI 16 mAtrAoM kA ) aura pAraNaka (15 mAtrAoM kA ) chaMdoM ko kar3avakoM meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai| chaMdoM kI vibhinnatA kI paramparA apabhraMza-kAlIna hai| kavi puhakara ne rasaratana meM lagabhaga paiMtIsa chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai :

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334 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka chappaya, dohA, somakAMti, ghATaka, sAradUla, caupahI, daMDaka, savaiyA, toTaka, paddharI, prayaMgama, motIdAma, soraThA, kuMDaliyA, kavitta, pravAnika, gItikA, kaMThabhUSaNa, bhujaMgaprayAta, soraThA-dohA, vathaha, pair3I, gunadopaka, gItamAlatI, modikA, toTakI, kAminImohana, nArAca, gAthA, bhujaMgI, lIlAvatI, durmilA, tribhaMgI, zaMkhadhArA, caMdrajoti / nayanaMdI ne jina chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA thA unako tAlikA pIche dI jA cukI hai| rasaratanakAra ne jina chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai unameM se gAthA, dohA, paddharI, bhujaMgaprayAta, tribhaMgI, caupahI aura motIdAma Adi. aneka chaMdoM kA nayanaMdI Adi pUrvavartI kaviyoM ne prayoga kiyA hai| : prayaMgama chaMda : yaha 21 mAtrAoM kA chaMda hotA hai| 8, 13 para yati, Adi meM guru aura anta meM jagaNa hotA hai : uThata uroja navIna chIna kaTi kehrii|, nUpura kI jhanakAra jarAU jehrii|| kaMja te komala carana aruna ati vAma ke| pUrita paMcaha bAna tarakkasa kAma ke // 339 // __ -rasaratana, pR0 161. vathUha chaMda : DA0 zivaprasAda siMha ise rolA kA hI eka rUpa mAnate haiN|' rolA ke saMdarbha meM DA0 vipinabihArI trivedI kA mata hai ki 'prAcIna chaMda granthoM meM koI rolA nAmaka chaMda hI nahIM miltaa| hA, kAvya, vastu, vadanaka, vatthuo aura vatthuvaraNa lagabhaga isI ke anurUpa hai|' chaMda payonidhi bhASA meM likhA hai ki upadohA ke prathama do caraNoM ke yoga ke samAna cAra caraNa rakhane se usa chaMda ko ( rolA ) rolAvatthU kahate haiN| rolAvatthU ko dohAvattha kA bheda mAnA gayA hai jisake AnaMdavatthU, maMgalavattha, rAyavatthU aura mohanavatthU ye cAra bheda haiN| rasa 1. caMdavaradAI aura unakA kAvya, pR0 236. 2. haradevadAsa, chaMda payonidhi bhASA, 3.193-194. 3. vahI, 7.192. 4. paumacariu, saMpA0-DA0 harivallabha bhAyANI, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, pR0 78.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apamraza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 335 ratana ke 14 + 10 = 24 mAtrAoM ke isa chaMda kA udAharaNa prastuta kara kAsI kausala kAranATa, kanavajja kliNjr| kAmarUpa kaikaya kaliMga, kedAra kaMchaghara // kucha chanda saMskRta se apabhraMza meM ThIka usI nAma se le lie gae aura kucha kA kAlabheda se nAmaparivartana to huA parantu rUpaparivartana nahIM haa| apabhraMza-hindI chandoM ke viSaya meM bhI ukta bAta lAgU hotI hai| saMskRta kA jo sugviNI chanda hai vahI kAminImohana nAma se sAmane aayaa| .. kAminImohana chanda : isameM cAra ragaNa hote haiN| apabhraMza-kavi yazaHkIrti kA chanda udAharaNArtha prastuta hai : assathAmo muU tehi tA uttuu| mucchiU doNa dhanu bANa hatthaha cuuu| ceyaNA.yA lahivi kassA vi NauM pttiu| saccavAI ya tau dhamma. suu pucchiu // rasaratana meM kAminImohana chaMda kA prayoga huA hai : deSi sobhA rahI rIjhi pyArI priyaa| magga bhUlai calai citta hAra triyaa| saMga chAMDa mRgI jemi bhUlI phir| hAra TUTai hiyai bhUmi motI girai // 125 // eka jAnai nahIM chIna hai aMcarA / mauna rIti calI sIsa maMjai dhraa| eka Takkai rahI aMSiyA johanaM / rUpa deSau jahAM kAminI mohanaM // 128 // -rasaratana, pR0 143. pUhakara ne jisa chanda meM varNana kiyA hai usI meM usa chanda kA nAmollekha aura kahIM-kahIM lakSaNa bhI de diyA hai| kAminImohana yahA~ do arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai : eka prAsaMgika artha ke lie, dUsarA chanda ke nAmollekha ke lie| isI prakAra bhujaMgaprayAta 'bhujaMgA' zabda dvArA vyakta kiyA gayA hai : bajai duMdubhI Dhola bherI mRdNgaa| sunai sora pAtAla madhye bhujNgaa|| 196 //

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336 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka kaMThabhUSaNa chaMda meM bhI uparyukta praNAlI apanAI gaI hai : kaMTha abhUSana ke vaha naamaa| yoM sumare suSa prItama syAmA // 170 // bhujA janu nAga virAjata vaam| urasthala sobhita motiya dAma // 34 // .. vattIsau lacchina lacchi lsai| tana jyoM guna acchari liilvtii|| pahakara ne chaMda ke nAmollekha ke sAtha hI yahAM usakA lakSaNa bhI batA diyA hai ki yaha 32 akSara kA chaMda hai / pUrvavartI apabhraMza sAhitya meM isa prakAra ke kaI udAharaNa mila sakate haiN| jaise nayanaMdo ne prAsaMgika viSaya ke sAtha hI chaMda ke nAma kA bhI ullekha kara diyA hai : vasaMtatilaka siMhoddhatA vA NAmedaM chandaH turaMgati madano vA chandaH priyaMvadA anantakokilA vA nAmedaM chndH|| .. premAkhyAnakoM meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga prAyaH vizuddha bhAratIya premAkhyAnakoM meM haA hai| yoM chandogata parivartana bhI hote rhe| dohA apabhraMza kA paryAyavAcI hI bana gayA / DA0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne likhA hai ki 'yaha ( dohA ) navIM-dasavIM zatAbdI meM bahuta lokapriya ho gayA thaa| isa chanda meM naI bAta yaha hai ki isameM tuka milAye jAte haiM / saMskRtaprAkRta meM tuka milAne kI prathA nahIM thii| dohA vaha pahalA chanda hai, jisameM tuka milAne kA prayatna huA aura Age calakara eka bhI aisI kavitA nahIM likhI gaI jisameM tUka milAne kI prathA na ho| isa prakAra apabhraMza kevala navIna chanda lekara hI nahIM AI, bilkula navIna sAhityika kArIgarI lekara bhI AvirbhUta huii|'' spaSTa hai ki kavitA meM tukabandI kA prabhAva sIdhA apabhraMza se aayaa| yaha likhA jA cukA hai ki chandogata parivartana prArambha se hI hote rhe| unameM kucha navIna chanda bhI prakAza meM Aye aura kucha ke nAma mAtra badala ge| apabhraMza meM viSaya ke anusAra chanda rakhane kI prathA thii| yadi kavi ko yuddha kA varNana karanA hai to vaha aise chanda aura zabdayojanA kA gaThana karatA hai jisase dhvanyAtmaka rava se 1. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, pR0 93.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 337 yuddha-sthala kA citra prastuta ho ske| vahI pravRtti hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM bhI apanAI gyii| vaisI hI tukabandI aura shbd-yojnaa| hindI premAkhyAnakoM kI varNana-paripATI apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM kI nIMva para hI khar3I hii| inakI kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM meM tAdAtmya ke sambandha meM pahale likhA jA cukA hai| yaha bho varNana paripATI kA aMga thaa| prema honemeM sAkSAt darzana, citra-darzana athavA saundarya kI prazaMsA sunanA donoM kAvyoM meM kAraNa mAnA jAtA rahA hai| jisa nArI se nAyaka kA prema-sambandha huA hai usake nakha-zikha kA varNana ye kavi avazya karate the| sudaMsaNacariu meM manoramA kA rUpa-varNana karate samaya kavi ko upamAeM hI nahIM mila rahI thiiN| vaha likhatA hai ki jo manoramA lakSmI ke samAna hai usakI tulanA kisase kI jA sakatI hai ? jisakI cAla se lajjita hokara samasta haMsa mAnasa meM cale gye| jisake atikomala aruNa caraNoM ko dekhakara rakta kamala jala meM praviSTa ho ge| jisake pairoM ke nakhoM kI kAMti se parAjita ho nakSatra AkAza meM cale gye| jisako jaMghAoM kI kadalI se tulanA karane para vaha phIkA par3a gayA Adi : jA lachi samA tahe kAvamA jAhe gaie sklttiN| Niru NijjiyaiM, NaM lajjiyauM haMsaimANase pttii||4.1. jAhe caraNa sArUNa ai komala, pechevi jale paiTTa rattuppala / jAhe pAyaMNaha maNihi vicittaI, NirasiyAI sahe tthiynnkkhttii| * jAhi laDaha jaMghahi uhAmiuM, raMbhau NIsArau hoevi thiu| -- ' jAhe NiyaMbu bivuba alahaMte, parisesiyau aMgu raha kNte|| ..isa prakAra ke nakhazikha varNanoM meM padamAvata Adi hindI premAkhyAnaka bhI pIche nahIM rhe| inakI bhI vahI paripATI rahI aaii| ina saba bAtoM ke atirikta donoM hI prakAra ke premAkhyAnakoM meM premotpatti, premotthAna, milanasthala Adi ko prakriyAeM samAna rUpa se calatI haiM / nAyaka kA yogI hokara ghUmanA, kisI vAdya vizeSa dvArA premikA ko apane Ane kI khabara dene jaisI ghaTanAeM kahIM-kahIM hUbahU mila jAtI haiN| nAyikA kI virahAvasthA meM sakhiyoM dvArA upacAra kiyA jAnA, samajhAyA jAnA aura sahAyatA karanA ye saba bhI sAmAnya rUpa se donoM meM Ate haiN| rasaratana meM - nAyikA prathama milane se bhayabhIta hotI hai to sakhiyAM pahale hI samajhAtI

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338 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka haiM aura pati kI seja taka le jAkara chor3a AtI haiN| kucha kathAnakoM ko udAharaNasvarUpa sAmane rakhakara vicAra karane para varNana-paripATI kA prazna aura bhI spaSTa ho jaayegaa| bhavisayattakahA meM zrutapaMcamI kA mahattva batAyA gayA hai| kathA meM sajjana-durjana prasaMga se lekara kathAvatAra, uddezya Adi kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM taka kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai| isa premAkhyAnaka kA pUrvArdha romAMcaka aura sAhasika yAtrA-varNanoM se paripUrNa hai| uttarAddha meM yuddha tathA pUrva bhavoM kA varNana hai| isa prakAra yaha kisI lokapracalita kathAnaka para AdhArita kathA mAlUma hotI hai| yadi hama bhaviSyadattakathA aura ratnasena-padmAvatI kI tulanA kareM to donoM kI. kathAparipATiyoM meM adhikAMzataH sAmya pratIta hogaa| jisa prakAra kA prema-citraNa bhaviSyadattakathA meM hai, ThIka usI prakAra kA citraNa ratnasenapadmAvatI kI kathA meM hai| ratnasena kI rAnI padminI kA haraNa karane kA prayatna alAuddIna dvArA kiyA jAtA hai aura idhara bhaviSyadatta kI strI kA haraNa usake sautele bhAI baMdhudatta dvArA kara liyA jAtA hai / kAlakramaghaTanAkrama ke anusAra bhaviSyadatta ko usakI strI vApisa mila jAtI hai| karakaMDucariu nAmaka eka anya apabhraMza kAvya aisA hai jisakI kathA atyadhika rocaka hai| isakI kathA kA ullekha pAMcaveM adhyAya meM kiyA jA cukA hai parantu tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko dRSTigata rakhate hue yahA~ use duharAnA pdd'egaa| aMgadeza kI caMpApurI meM dhAr3IvAhana rAjA rAjya karate the| eka bAra ve kusumapura gye| vahA~ padmAvatI nAma kI eka yuvatI ko dekhakara mohita ho ge| usake sAtha unhoMne pANigrahaNa kara liyaa| rAnI garbhavatI huI aura use dohada utpanna huaa| isI bIca vaha jaMgala meM bhaTaka gaI aura samaya para zmazAna meM karakaMDu nAmaka putra utpanna huaa| kucha samaya bAda karakaMDu kA vivAha madanAvalo se ho gyaa| na pahacAnane ke kAraNa pitA-putra meM yuddha huA jisakA varNana lava-kuza aura rAma ke yuddha kA smaraNa karAye binA nahIM rhtaa| karakaMDu kA rAjyavistAra huaa| ve siMhaladvIpa pahu~ce aura vahAM rativegA se vivAha kiyaa| jalamArga se lauTa rahe the taba kisI vidyAdharaputrI dvArA haraNa kara lie ge| isa prakAra kI mukhya kathA meM nau avAntara kathAeM bhI haiN|

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 339 . ukta kathAnaka evaM jAyasI ke padamAvata ke kathAnaka kI tulanA se eka paripATI kI zRMkhalA jur3a jAtI hai| karakaMDucariu meM nAyaka siMhaladvIpa kI yAtrA karatA hai, vahAM kI rAjakumArI rativegA se vivAha karatA hai, samudra meM usase vichoha tathA rativegA ko padmAvatI kA AzvAsana Adi ghaTanAeM jAyasI ke padamAvata kI nimna ghaTanAoM se paryApta mela khAtI haiM-siMhaladvIpa kI rAjakumArI padmAvatI ke rUpa-guNoM kA bakhAna sunakara cittaur3a kA rAjA ratanasena usapara mohita ho jAtA hai, vaha yAtrA karatA hai, usakA vivAha hotA hai aura samudramArga se lauTane para donoM kA viyoga bhI hotA hai / punaH milana Adi kI ghaTanAeM aisI haiM jo jyoM kI tyoM mila jAtI haiN| ... rAmacaritamAnasa. meM rAma-kathA kI tulasIdAsa ne eka sarovara aura saritA se tulanA kI hai / sarovara kI tulanA dekhie : suThi sundara saMvAda vara virace buddhi vicAri / tehi ehi pAvana subhaga sara ghATa manohara cAri // sapta prabaMdha subhaga sopAnA / gyAna nayana nirakhata mana maanaa| raghupati mahimA anugana abAdhA / baranaba soi vara vAri agAdhA / rApta sIya jasa salila sudhA sm| upamA bIci vilAsa manorama / puraini saghana cAru caupAI / juguti maMju mani sIpa suhAI // . . chaMda soraThA suMdara dohaa| soi bahuraMga kamala kula sohaa| . . . naratha anUpa subhAva subhAsA / soi parAga makaraMda suvAsA // sukRta puMja maMjula ali mAlA / gyAna virAga vicAra mraalaa| - dhuni avarekha kabita guna jAtI / mIna manohara te bahu bhaaNtii|| aratha dharama kAmAdika cArI / kahaba gyAna vigyAna vicaarii| navarasa japa tapa joga viraagaa| te saba jala cara cAru tar3AgA // -bAlakAMDa, 37. - aba rAmakathA kI saritA se tulanA prastuta hai : zrotA trividha samAja pura grAma nagara duhu~ kuul| saMta sabhA anupama avadha sakala sumaMgala mUla //

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340 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka rAmabhagata surasaritahi jAI / milI sukIrati saraju suhAI / mAnuja rAma samara jasu pAvana / mileu mahAnadu sona suhAvana // juga vica bhagati devadhuni dhArA / sohati sahita subirati bicArA / trividha tApa trAsaka timuhaanii| rAma sarUpa siMdhu sumuhAnI // mAnasa mUla milI sursrihii| sunata sujana mana pAvana karihI / bica-bica kathA vicitra vibhaagaa| janu sari tIra tIra bana bhAgA // umAmahesa bivAha barAtI / te jalacara aganita bahu bhAMtI / raghuvara janama anaMda badhAI / bhavaMra taraMga manohara tAI // bAlacarita cahu vaMdhu ke banaja vipula bahuraMga / nRpa rAnI parijana sukRta madhukara vAri vihaMga // - bAlakAMDa, 39-40. svayaMbhU karate ne bhI apane paumacariu meM rAmakathA kI tulanA saritA se 'hue likhA hai ki yaha rAmakathArUpI saritA krama se calI A rahI hai / isameM akSarasamUha sundara jalasamUha hai, sundara alaMkAra aura zabda matsyagRha haiM, dIrgha samAsa vakra pravAha hai, saMskRta aura prAkRta alaMkRta pulina hai, dezI bhASA donoM ujjvala taTa haiM, kavi se prayukta kaThina aura saghana zabda zilAtala ke samAna haiM, arthabahulatA uThatI huI taraMge haiM - isa prakAra yaha rAmakathA zobhita hotI hai : vaDDhamANa muha kuhara viNiggaya rAma kahANai eha kamAMgaya / akkhara pAsa jaloha maNohara sualaMkAra sadda madohara || dohasamAsa pavAhA paMki sakkaya pAya puliNAlaMkiya / desI bhAsA ubhaya jaDujjala' kavi Thukkara ghaNa sadda silAyala // attha bahala kalelANiTThiya AsAsaya sama tUha pariTThiya / eha rAmakaha sari sohaMtI gaNahara devihi diTTha vahaMtI // -- paumacariu, 1.2. varNana ko paripATI meM bhI samAnatA pAI jAtI hai, isake liye ukta pramANa se acchA kauna-sA pramANa diyA jA sakatA hai / apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM evaM hindI premAkhyAnakoM ke manoraMjana ke sAdhanoM, sAMskRtika, sAmAjika upAdAnoM ke varNanaprasaMgoM meM bhI kadAcit mUla

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 341 bhUta antara dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM meM jala-krIr3A, udyAna - krIr3A, AkheTa, gopiyoM ke rAsa va carcarI nRtya, vezyAoM dvArA gAyana va nRtya, vezyAgamana aura dyUtakrIr3A Adi manoraMjana ke sAdhanoM kA ullekha huA hai / vIra kavi ( 11vIM zatI) ke jambUsAmicariu jinadAsa nAmaka pAtra pratidina ghara se dravya curAkara vezyA kA upabhoga karatA aura Dima va DakkA bajate hue sajI dukAnoM meM madya pItA tathA jue kA eka bar3A phalaka sajAkara kaMkaroM ke svara aura jvAriyoM kI virasa dhvaniyoM ke sAtha juA khelatA : aNudiNu daviNu gharAu hareSpiNu vesAyaNu bhuMjai taM deSiNu / bajjiya Dakka- huDukka samANae piyai majju viraiya- ASANae // --4.2.1. ukta kAvya meM hI vezyAgAmI kA eka sundara citra prastuta kiyA gayA hai - ' sudRr3ha gAMTha se apane paridhAna meM zalAkA lagAye hue, pRthula kaTitaTa para churI laTakAye hue, sira para ghanA jaTAjUTa bAMdhe hue, agarU Adi sugandhita dravya se pavana ko sugandhita karate hue, zveta tAmbUla patra kA bor3A cabAte hue, dAhine hAtha se talavAra ghumAte hue, kAmalatA nAmaka kAmino ko nara chor3akara pratidina vezyAhATa ko dekhA karatA thA / jahA~ vezyAe~ atyadhika suDaula - rUpavAna vyakti ko bhI dhanahIna ho jAne para kurUpa mAnatI haiM...' Adi / ' spaSTa hai ki usa samaya vezyAgamana khule rUpa meM manoraMjana kA sAdhana thA aura zAsana kA usapara koI pratibandha nahIM thA / NAyakumAracariu ( pR0 48-49 ), kIrtilatA ( pR0 258-60 ) Adi apabhraMza kAvyoM meM vezyAhAToM kI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai / sandezarAsaka meM manoraMjana ke sAdhanoM kA ullekha karate hue addahamANa ne likhA hai : kaha va ThAi caubeihi veu papAsiyas / kaha bahuruvi Nibaddhau rAsau bhAsiyai // kaha va ThAi sudayavaccha kattha va nalacariu / are va vivi viNosha bhArahu uccariu // 1. jambU sAmicariu, 9.12-13, pR0 180 - 184.

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342 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka kaha va ThAi AsIsiya cAihi dayavarihi / rAmAyaNu ahiNaviyaai katthavikaya varihi // -saMdezarAsaka, 43-44. arthAt kahIM cAroM vedoM ko jAnane vAle pATha kara rahe haiN| kahIM vividha rUpa dhAraNa karane vAle bahurUpiye yA bahurUpa dhAraNa karane vAloM dvArA.. rAsakapATha ho rahA hai, kahIM sadayavatsa aura nala kI kathA kahI jA rahI hai| kahIM vividha vinoda ke sAtha mahAbhArata kI kathA ho rahI hai aura kahIM rAmAyaNa kI kathA ho rahI hai / ___ saMgIta-nRtya Adi bhI manoraMjana ke sAdhana the| carcarI, cAMcari athavA cAcari jo ki tAla evaM nRtya ke sAtha vizeSa utsavAdi meM gAI jAtI thI-sAmUhika manoraMjana kA sAdhana thii| vikramorvazIya ( caturtha aMka ), samarAdityakathA Adi racanAoM meM isakA ullekha milatA hai| vIra kavi ne jaMbusAmicariu meM isakA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki mahAkavi devadatta ne sarasa caccariyA bandha meM zAMtinAtha kA mahAn yazogAna kiyA tathA jina bhagavAn ke caraNoM kI sevikA ambAdevI kA rAsa racA jisakA jina bhagavAn ke sevakoM dvArA natyAbhinaya bhI kiyA jAtA hai : . , caccariyabAMdhi virahau sarasa gAijjai saMtiu tArajasu / taccijjai jiNapaya sevahi kiu rAsau aMbAdevahi // 1.4. sudaMsaNacariu meM nayanandI ne caccari kA ullekha kiyA hai : jiNa haresu ADhaviya succari / karahiM taruNi saviyArI caccari // 7.5. ukta uddharaNoM se itanA spaSTa hai ki yaha manoraMjana kA hI eka sAdhana thaa| hindI premAkhyAnaka padamAvata, rasaratana Adi meM caccari athavA cAMcari kA vahI rUpa vidyamAna hai jo usake pUrva thaa| yahAM padamAvata se udAharaNa prastuta kiye jAte haiM : piu saMjoga dhani jovana vaarii| bhaMvara pahapa saMga karahiM dhmaarii|| hoi phAgu bhali cAMcari jorii| viraha jarAi donha jasi horii|| -padamAvata, SaDRtuvarNana, 335.5-6.

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hindI premAkhyAnakoM, apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 343 nAgamatoviyoga khaMDa meM bhI cAMcari kA isI artha meM ullekha huA hai : phAgu karahiM saba cAMcari jorii|| mohi tana lAi donhi jasa horI / / - vahI, 352.5. - puhakara kavi ne manoraMjana ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM hI cAMcari kA ullekha kiyA hai : gIta nAda cAMcari cita lAvaha / kAvya kathA kahi kAla gamAvahu / bAta sarasa kavi kaheM saba koI / ika siMgAra rasa varajita soii|| -Adi khaMDa, 15. jalakrIr3A, udyAnakrIr3A, vezyAvarNana Adi ke udAharaNa vastuvarNana ke antargata diye gaye haiM ataH yahA~ manoraMjana ke sAdhanoM meM unako uddhRta nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai| kadAcit jina manoraMjana ke sAdhanoM kA Upara ullekha kiyA gayA hai ve sAmUhika sAdhana haiM / vyaktigata sAdhanoM meM kucha loga premakathAoM ko bAMcakara athavA dUsare se sunakara bhI samaya yApana kara liyA karate the| banArasIdAsa jI ne apane ardha-kathAnaka meM isakI carcA bhI kI hai: taba ghara meM baiThe rahe, jAMhi na hATa baajaar| madhumAlati miragAvati, pothI doi udAra // 335 // te bAMhi rajanI samai, AvahiM nara dasa biis| * gAvahiM aru bAteM karahi, nita uThi dehi asIsa // 336 // -pR0 38. padamAvata meM ratanasena ke zikAra ko jAne kA ullekha evaM zataraMja . ke khela kA varNana ye saba manoraMjana ke sAdhanoM ke antargata Ate haiM / isa * prakAra apabhraMza evaM hindo premAkhyAnakoM kI sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi, kathAvinyAsa, caritra, kathoddezya, vastuvarNana aura moTipha Adi ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke bAda hama kaha sakate haiM ki hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA zilpa apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ke zilpa kA hI aitihAsika vikAsa hai /

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adhyAya 7 upasaMhAra apabhraMza aura hindI ke premAkhyAnakoM ke isa adhyayana se jo niSkarSa nikale aura jo upalabdhiyA~ huIM unheM saMkSepa meM kramika rUpa se isa prakAra rakhA jA sakatA hai : hindI premAkhyAnaka apanI sampUrNa AtmA aura kalevaragata viziSTatAoM ke kAraNa hamAre sAhitya kI eka bahuta bar3I upalabdhi hai| . isa kAvyarUpa ke bhItara prAcIna aura navIna aneka prakAra ke tattvoM kA mizraNa huA hai| yaha mizraNa isa kAvyarUpa ko purAne kAvyarUpoM ke jor3a-tor3a se banA eka alaga kAvyarUpa hI nahIM banAtA balki isa mizraNa kI rAsAyanika prakriyA ne hindI premAkhyAnaka ke rUpa meM eka aisI vidhA ( phArma ) ko janma diyA jo kiMcit purAne upAdAnoM ko svIkAra karate hue bhI naI lokAtmaka bhAva-bhUmiyoM kA sparza karane vAlI bilkula vilakSaNa zilpabhaMgimA vAlI vastu bana gii| yaha kAvyarUpa hindI meM pUrNa vikAsa ko prApta huA, kintu isakA bIjabindu-vapana aura aMkurodbhava apabhraMza sAhitya meM ho cukA thaa| aisA svAbhAvika bhI hai| kyoMki apabhraMza na kevala hindI kI jananI bhASA hai balki lokabhASA ke rUpa meM hindI kA Age calakara jo vikAsa haA, usakI pUrvavartI pIThikA bhI yahIM taiyAra hii| anekAneka vidvAnoM ne apabhraMza ko jo lokabhASA kahA hai, usake pIche yahI mantavya chipA huA hai / apabhraMza prAkRta, pAli aura saMskRta kI tulanA meM kahIM adhika lokajIvanasampRkta bhASA rhii| pariNAmataH na kevala usake bhASika kalevara meM balki vastugata AtmA aura zailIzilpa Adi ke bhItara bhI lokatattvoM kA pracura samanvaya huaa| hemacandrAcArya jaba apabhraMza ke vaiyAkaraNika niyamoM kA AkhyAna karate

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upasaMhAra : 345 hue 'lokato'vagantavyA, :kahate haiM, to ve prakArAntara se isI bAta kI puSTi karate haiN| . apabhraMza kA pUrA kathA-sAhitya, vizeSakara premAzrita kathAsAhitya isI lokamAnasa kI dena hai| hindI ke premAkhyAnakoM kI pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM isakA adhyayana premAkhyAnakoM ke adhyayana kI anekAneka samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM sahAyaka ho sakatA hai| isa adhyayana ne nimna tattvoM ke AdhAra para isa mAnyatA kI sAdhAra puSTi kI hai : 2. saMskRta meM kathA-AkhyAyikA kA bRhat sAhitya upalabdha hai / kAdambarI, dazakumAracarita, bRhadkathA tathA harSacarita Adi ko kauna nakAra sakatA hai| ina kathAoM meM romAMsa, prema ke nAnA pakSoM tathA janmajanmAntara kI aneka ghATiyoM meM bhaTakatI AtmAoM ke milana kA caTaka raMgIna aura dhUmila udAsa karane vAlA bahuvidha varNana sarvatra milegaa| saMskRta ke AlaMkArikoM ne ina kathA-AkhyAyikAoM ko AdhAra banAkara inake lakSaNa-nirUpaNa kA bhI bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai, kintu kyA ruMdraTa, bhAmaha, mammaTa, vizvanAtha Adi dvArA nirUpita lakSaNa saMskRta ke kathA-sAhitya meM yathAvat mila jAte haiM ? aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jyoM-jyoM kAlasaritA bar3hatI gayI aura jyoM-jyoM usake pravAha meM naye-naye tattva aura upAdAna bahakara Ate gaye tyoM-tyoM AcAryoM ke lakSaNanirUpaNa bhI badalate gaye ! apabhraMza kathAoM meM aise anekAneka upAdAna dikhAI par3ate haiM jo saMskRta kathAsAhitya meM durlabha haiM, isIlie ina AcAryoM ko kathAkAvya ke lakSaNoM ke nirUpaNa meM aneka aisI bAtoM kA samAveza karanA par3A jo saMskRtetara lokabhASA meM gahIta hone vAle upAdAnoM ko bA~dha ske| hemacandrAcArya ne to spaSTa hI saMskRta kathA aura saMskRtabhinna kathA ko bilagAne kA prayatna kiyaa| anya AcAryoM ke lakSaNagranthoM meM bhI yaha vibhAjana sAMketika hI sahI vartamAna avazya hai| 3. apabhraMza kathA meM gRhIta lakSaNa Age calakara lokabhASA hindI ke premAkhyAnakoM meM pUrI taraha vikasita aura pallavita hue| dUsare adhyAya ke adhyayana se isa bAta kI purassara. puSTi ho jAtI hai /

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346 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka hindI meM premAkhyAnaka prAyaH do prakAra ke likhe gaye : eka sUphI kaviyoM kI masanavI paddhati para AdhArita, dUsare zuddha bhAratIya paddhati ke| ina donoM prakAra ke premAkhyAnakoM kA zailozilpa bahuta sAmya rakhatA hai| Upara-Upara se dekhane para sUphI premAkhyAna dohe-caupAI meM likhe gaye, unameM chandavaividhya kama hai, loga unakI racanA ke pIche masanavI zailI kA prabhAva bhI dekhate haiM, para maMgalAcaraNa, guruvandanA, kavivaMzaparicaya, prema kI vibhinna avasthAeM, vastucitraNa, nagara, bhavana, citrakazAlA, azva, ratha tathA yuddha ke dUsare upAdAna, sarovara, bAga-bagIce ke varNanoM ke alAvA kathAbhiprAyoM kI daSTi se bhI ye kathAkAvya apabhraMza kathAoM kA anusaraNa karate hue dikhAI par3ate haiM / zuddha hindU premAkhyAnakoM meM to yaha prabhAva paryApta spaSTa aura ghaniSTha rUpa se parilakSita hotA hI hai| . 4. pratIkayojanA sUphI kAvyoM kI ekadama naI vastu mAnI jAtI hai aura usa para anekAneka vidvAnoM ne bahuta vistAra se vicAra bhI kiyA hai, kintu kyA pratIkavidyA abhAratIya hai ? pratIka bhAratIya darzana, dharma aura zAstroM ke bahuparicita tattva haiM jinakA upayoga hamAre deza meM Rgveda se lekara Aja taka anekAneka rUpoM meM hotA rahA hai| yaha sahI hai ki dArzanika pratIkoM ko kAvya kA anivArya upAdAna banAne kI koziza nahIM kI gii| kintu kyA bANabhaTTa kI kAdambarI kA akSodasarovara premahrada kA pratIka nahIM hai ? kyA kAdambarI svayaM mAMsala vAsanAmalaka prema kA aura mahAzvetA tapaHpUta cinmaya prematattva kA pratIka nahIM hai ? DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne 'kAdaMbarI : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana' meM isa taraha ke pratIkoM para vistRta vicAra kiyA haiN| yaha sahI hai ki saMskRta sAhitya meM pratIkAtmakatA lAne kA saceSTa prayatna kama huaa| apabhraMza meM aura bhakti Andolana se prabhAvita hindI sAhitya meM isa prakAra kA pracura prayatna huA hai / apabhraMza meM to 'mayaNaparAjayacariu' jaise kAvya nitAnta pratIkAtmaka haiN| ataH sUphI kathAkAvyoM kI pratIka paddhati ko bhI apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM ko pratIka paddhati se sIdhe jor3A jA sakatA hai| 5. apabhraMza premAkhyAnakoM kI sImA meM kaI taraha ke kAvyarUpoM meM likhe

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upasaMhAra : 347 kAvya samAhita ho jAte haiN| caritra, rAsa, vilAsa, purANa Adi vastutaH bAhya kalevara kI viziSTatAoM ko sUcita karane vAle nAma haiM, inakI AtmA meM ve hI zailIzilpa ke tattva ghule-mile haiM jo apabhraMza kI premakathAoM yA hindI premAkhyAnakoM meM milate haiN| yahIM para vistAra se saMskRta se apabhraMza kathAoM ko bilagAne vAle upAdAnoM kA vizleSaNa bhI kiyA gayA hai tAki yaha spaSTa ho sake ki ye tattva saMskRta kathAoM se kitane alaga aura hindI premAkhyAnakoM se kitane nikaTa haiN| 6. apabhraMza aura hindI premAkhyAnakoM kA pUrA vastuvivecana isa dRSTi se kiyA yayA hai ki vaha apane bhItara ke sabhI zilpagata rahasyoM ko udghATita kara ske|. kathAoM kA sArAMza isI uddezya kI pUrti karatA hai tAki hama usameM se kathAzilpa ke sabhI tattva, varNanapaddhatiyA~ Adi chA~Ta skeN| 7. anta meM ina sabhI upAdAnoM kA samyak adhyayana karake yaha dikhAne ___ kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai ki hindI ke premAkhyAna vastutaH apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM meM svIkRta paddhati ko pUrI taraha svIkAra karake calate haiN| . jahAM kucha bhinnatA hai vahA~ vikAsa ke kAraNa AI hai, bhinnatA lAne : ke lie nhiiN| - isa dRSTi se isa prabandha meM apabhraMza aura hindI premAkhyAnakoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM vidyamAna sAmAjika, sAMskRtika sthitiyoM kA sAmya . .. dikhAte hue isa bAta ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki kathAvinyAsa (pura vinyAsa se tulanA karate hue ), carita, kathoddezya, vastuvarNana, kathAbhiprAya ( moTipha), nijaMdharI tattva, maMgalAcaraNa, sarganibandha, RtuvarNana, chandaprayoga tathA kathA ko bharAva dene vAle jIvana ke vibhinna tattva, khela-krIDA, manoraMjana Adi sAMskRtika manabahalAva ke sAdhanoM ke varNana meM donoM ke bhItara kitanI samAnatA hai| isa taraha se yaha prabaMdha apabhraMza aura hindI premAkhyAnakoM ke bIca kI zrRMkhalA ke niyojana kA kArya to karatA hI hai, donoM ke bIca

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348 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka kI samAnadharmA pravRttiyoM ke udghATana dvArA hindI kI isa mahattvapUrNa kAvyavidyA ke adhyayana ke kucha naye kSitija bhI udghATita karatA hai| zailI aura zilpa ko vyApaka artha meM prastuta karate hue vastutaH isa prabaMdha ke dvArA lokabhASA ke pUrva aura pazcAt kAlAvadhi. . ke bIca ke antarAla ko dUra karanA ho isa prabaMdha kA mukhya uddezya rahA hai|

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sahAyaka grantha-sUcI hindI premAkhyAnakoM kI sUcI prabandha ke prathama adhyAya ke anta meM saMlagna hai| ataH unheM isa sUcI meM ullikhita nahIM kiyA hai| hindI-grantha apabhraMza-sAhitya : pro0 harivaMza kochar3a, bhAratIya sAhitya maMdira, dillI, vi0 saM0 1013. apabhraMza bhASA kA adhyayana : DA. vIrendra zrIvAstava. arddhakathAnaka : banArasIdAsa, saMpA0-nAthUrAmapremI, 1957. AdipurANa : AcArya jinasena, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1963. AdipurANa meM pratipAdita bhArata : DA0 nemicandra zAstro, varNI grantha __ mAlA, kAzI.. Adhunika hindI kAvya meM chanda-yojanA : DA0 puttUlAla zukla. : itihAsa-praveza : jayacandra vidyAlaMkAra, sarasvatI prakAzana maMdira, ___ilAhAbAda, 1941. kavipriyA : AcArya kezavadAsa. .. kabIra-granthAvalI : saMpA0-zyAmasundaradAsa, 1928. kahAnI : jainendrakumAra. . kAdambarI-eka sAMskRtika adhyayana : DA0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla. kAvya ke rUpa : galAbarAya. kAvyoM meM zailI aura kauzala : paM0 parazarAma caturvedI. ghanAnanda ( sujAnahita ) : AcArya vizvanAthaprasAda mizra. candavaradAyI aura unakA kAvya. candAyana : mullA dAUda, saMpA0-DA0 paramezvarIlAla gupta. cintAmaNi ( prathama bhAga ) : AcArya rAmacandra zukla. citrarekhA : jAyasI, saMpA0-DA0 zivasahAya pAThaka. citrAvalI : usamAna, saMpA0-jagamohana varmA, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI.

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350 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka chanda payonidhi bhASA : haradevadAsa. chitAI-vArtA : saMpA0-mAtAprasAda gupta, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI, ___ vi0 saM0 2015. jAyasI-granthAvalI : saMpA0-AcArya rAmacandra zukla, nAgarI pracAriNI . sabhA, kAzI, 1924. DholA-mArU rA dohA : rAmasiMha, sUryakiraNa pArIka * Adi, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI, 1934. tasavvupha athavA sUphImata : candrabalI pANDeya.. dAmocarita : saMpA0-narmadezvara caturvedI, parimala prakAzana, prayAga.. padamAvata : jAyasI, saMpA0-vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, sAhitya-sadana, jhA~sI. pRthvIrAja rAThaura : saMpA0-kRSNazaMkara zukla, sAhitya-niketana, kAnapura.. prAcIna bhArata meM nagara tathA nagarajIvana : DA0 udayanArAyaNa rAya. prAcIna kAvyoM kI rUpaparamparA : agaracanda nAhaTA. purANoM kI amara kahAniyA~ : rAmapratApa tripAThI. ' braja lokasAhitya kA adhyayana : DA. satyendra. bhAratIya premAkhyAna kAvya : DA. harikAnta zrIvAstava. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna : DA0 hIrAlAla jaina. madhumAlatI : maMjhana, saMpA0-DA0 mAtAprasAda gupta, mitra prakAzana, ilAhA ___bAda, 1961. madhumAlatI : maMjhana, saMpA-zivagopAla mizra, hindI-pracAraka, vArANasI, . 1957. madhumAlatI-vArtA : caturbhujadAsa, saMpA0-DA0 mAtAprasAda gupta. madhyakAlIna dharmasAdhanA : DA0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI.. madhyayugIna hindI sAhitya kA lokatAtvika adhyayana : DA. satyendra, mRgAvatI : kutavana, saMpA0-DA0 zivagopAla mizra, hindIsAhitya sammelana, prayAga. yazastilaka kA sAMskRtika adhyayana : DA0 gokulacandra jaina, pArzvanAtha * _ vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI. rasaratana : puhakara, saMpA0-DA. zivaprasAda siMha, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAMzI.

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sahAyaka graMtha-sUcI : 351 rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya : motIlAla menAriyA. rUpamaMjarI : naMdadAsa, saMpA0-vrajezvara varmA. lakhamasena-padamAvatIkathA : saMpA0-narmadezvara caturvedI, parimala prakAzana, prayAga, 1959. lokasAhitya kI bhUmikA : satyavrata avasthI. vorakAvya : DA0 udayanArAyaNa tivArI. zailI : paM0 karuNApati tripAThI. zailI aura kauzala : paM0 sItArAma caturvedI. saMskRta sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa : DA satyanArAyaNa pANDeya. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa : zrI e0 vI0 kItha [ hindI anuvAda ]. sAhitya kA marma : DA0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI. sUphImata-sAdhanA aura sAhitya : DA0 rAmapUjana tivArI. sUrapUrva brajabhASA aura usakA sAhitya : DA0 zivaprasAda siMha, hindI pracAraka, vArANasI. haribhadra ke prAkRta sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana : DA0 nemi candra, zAstrI. harSacarita-eka sAMskRtika adhyayana : DA0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla. hindI kAvyadhArA : rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, 1954. hindI kAvya meM pratIkavAda kA vikAsa : DA. vIrendra siMha. hindI kAvyarUpoM kA adhyayana : DA0 rAmabAbU zarmA. hindI kAvyazAstra kA itihAsa : DA0 bhagIratha mizra. hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yogadAna : DA0 nAmavara siMha. hindI nATaka-udbhava aura vikAsa : DA0 dazaratha ojhA. hindI mahAkAvyoM kA svarUpa aura vikAsa : DA0 zambhUnAtha siMha. hindI sAhitya : DA0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI, vi0 saM0 2009. hindI sAhitya kA atIta : AcArya vizvanAthaprasAda mizra. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla : DA0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI. hindI sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa : DA0 rAmakumAra varmA. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa : AcArya rAmacandra zukla. hindI sUphI kavi aura kAvya : DA0 saralA zukla, vi0 saM0 2013.

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* 352 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka saMskRta-prantha agnipurANa. abhidhAnacintAmaNi. amarakoza : amarasiMha. uttararAmacarita : bhavabhUti, caukhambhA saMskRta sirIja, vArANasI. Rgveda : saMpA0-zrIrAma zarmA. aitareyabrAhmaNa. kAmasUtra : vAtsyAyana. kAvyaprakAza : AcArya mammaTa. kAvyAdarza : daNDI, bhAMDArakara oriyaMTala iMsTITyUTa, pUnA, 1938... kAvyAnuzAsana : hemacandra, bhAga 1, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, baMbaI, 1938... kAvyAlaMkAra : rudraTa. kAvyAlaMkAra : bhAmaha, caukhaMbhA saMskRta sirIja, 1928. kenopaniSat. taittirIyabrAhmaNa. taittirIyopaniSat. taittirIyasaMhitA. dhvanyAloka : AnandavarddhanAcArya. nATyadarpaNa : oriyaNTala insTITayUTa, bar3audA, 1921. nATyazAstra : bharata muni, bar3audA, 1926. pANinIyazikSA. piMgalacchandaHsUtram : piMgala nAgamuni. bRhatkathAkoza. brahmapurANa. mAnasAra. raghuvaMza : kAlidAsa. ratnAvalI nATikA : zrIharSa. vakroktijIvita : bhAmaha. varNaratnAkara : saMpA0-sunItikumAra caTarjI. vAcaspatya koza : tArAnAtha. vAyupurANa.

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sahAyaka graMtha-sUcI : 353 vaidika iNDeksa, bhAga 1. zatapathabrAhmaNa. zvetAzvataropaniSat. zrImadbhAgavata : gItApresa, gorakhapura. sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa : bhojarAja. sAhitya-darpaNa : AcArya vizvanAtha, caukhambhA saMskRta sirIja, vArANasI. harSacarita : bANa, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1918. apabhraMza-prAkRta-grantha karakaMDacariu : muni kanakAmara, saMpA0-DA0 hIrAlAla jaina, prathama saMskaraNa, jaina sirIja, kAraMjA, 1934; dvitIya saMska raNa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1964. kAmakandalAkhyAna : Anandadhara, saMpA0-ema0 Ara0 majUmadAra. kItilatA aura avahaTTabhASA : DA0 zivaprasAda siMha, hindI-pracAraka, vArANasI. kuvalayamAlA : udyotanasUri, saMpA0-DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, siMghI jaina - granthamAlA, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, vi0 saM0 2015. gommaTasAra : AcArya nemicandra, rAyacandra zAstramAlA, bambaI, 1927-28. jambUsAmicariu : vIra kavi, saMpA-DA0 vI0 pI0 jaina, bhAratIya . jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1967. ' jasaharacariu : puSpadanta, saMpA.-pI0 ela0 vaidya, jaina sirIja, kAraMjA, dazavakAlika-sUtra : haribhadra-vRtti, manasukhalAla mahAvIra priMTiMga varksa, bambaI. dhUrtAkhyAna : haribhadrasUri, saMpA0-DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, siMghI jaina __ granthamAlA, bambaI, 1944. . NAyakumAracariu : puSpadanta, saMpA0-DA0 hIrAlAla jaina, jaina sirIja, kAraMjA, 1933. paumacariu : svayaMbhU, saMpA0-DA0 eca0 sI0 bhAyANI, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI.

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354 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka paumasiricariu : dhAhila, saMpA0-DA0 eca0 sI0 bhAyANI, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, vi0 saM0 2005. bhavisayattakahA : dhanapAla dhakkar3a, saMpA0-sI0 DI0 dalAla, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja, bar3audA, 1923. mayaNaparAjayacariu : harideva, saMpA0-DA. hIrAlAla. jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI; 1962. mAdhavAnala-kAmakandalA : kuzalalAbha, saMpA0--ema0 Ara0 majUmadAra, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja, bar3audA. lIlAvaIkahA : kautUhala, saMpA0-DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, . siMghI. jaina granthamAlA, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, 1949. vasudevahiNDI : saMghadAsagaNi, saMpAo-muni caturavijaya-puNyavijaya, * jaina * AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, vIsaladevarAso : saMpA0-satyajIvana varmA, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI, vi0 saM0 1982; DA0 mAtAprasAda gupta, hindI pariSada, prayAga vizvavidyAlaya, DA. tArakanAtha agra vAla, hindI pracAraka, vArANasI, 1962. samarAiccakahA : haribhadrasUri, saMpA0-DA0 harmana jekobI, eziyATika sosAiTI Apha baMgAla, kalakattA, 1926. siripAsanAhacariya : guNacandra, saMpAo-AcArya vijayakumudasUri, - ahamadAbAda, 1945. sirisirivAlakahA : ratnazekharasUri, bhAvanagara, 1923. . suandhadahamIkahA : udayacandra, saMpA0-DA0 hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAna pITha, kAzI; 1966. supAsanAhacariya : lakSmaNagaNi, saMpA0-haragovindadAsa, vArANasI, vI0 saM0 2445. saMdezarAsaka : abdurrahamAna, hindI grantha-ratnAkara, bambaI, 1960. gujarAtI-grantha prAcIna gurjara kAvya-saMgraha : gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja, bar3audA, 1916. aMgrejI-grantha oNna di vedasa : zrI aravinda, pANDicerI, 1956.

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sahAyaka graMtha-sUcI : 355 oNna di limiTsa oNpha poiTro : elena TeTa. ArTa oNpha jemsa joyasa : e0 vAlTana litz2a. ArTa eNDa rIyaliTI : jaoNyasa kerI. AspekTsa oNpha naoNvela : bI0 ema0 phorsaTara. iMgaliza liTarecara eNDa AiDiyAja ina di TveMTiyatha seMcurI : DA. eca0 vI0 ratha. inasAiklopIDiyA oNpha di ArTa : DegovarTa runsa 'eNDa eca0 jI0 zrikalsa, pITara oNna laMdana, 1965. inasAiklopIDiyA oNpha rilIjansa eNDa ithiksa : jemsa hesTigsa. . inphluensa oNpha islAma. . eseja oNna liTarecara eNDa AiDiyAja : jaoNna vena. orijina eNDa ivolyUzana oNpha rilIjanaH haoNpakinsa. krAphTa oNpha phikzana : lyUbaka. TAima eNDa di naoNvela. TU cIyarsa phaoNra DemokresI : I0 ema0 phorsaTara. Tekanika oNpha naoNvela : Daevina myora. . DikzanarI oNpha varlDa liTarecara : TI0 ziple. naoNvelisTa oNna di naoNvela. pasiyana misTiksa : attAra. phaoNrsa oNpha maoNDarna phikzana. 'misTiksa oNpha islAma : phanAphila haka. rAiTarsa eTa varka. lava ageMsTa heTa : kAlameniMgara. sAiMsa oNpha imozansa : DA0 bhagavAnadAsa. sekreDa vuDa : TI0 esa0 iliyaTa. sTAila : vAlTara rele. sTrakcara oNpha naoNvela : kArla eca0 grebo. .. hindI-patrikAe~ anekAnta, dillI. avantikA. nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, kAzI. pariSad-patrikA, paTanA.

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356 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka parizodha, caNDIgar3ha. rAjasthAna-bhAratI. zramaNa, vArANasI. hindustAnI, ilAhAbAda. aMgrejI-patrikAe~ iMDiyana eNTIkverI. jarnala oNpha di oriyaNTala insTITyUTa, bar3audA. . landana megajIna. nyU iMDiyana eNTIkverI. jaina eNTIkverI. jarnala oNpha di raoNyala eziyATika sosAiTo, laMdana.

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anukramaNikA zabda .. ajamera ajitanAga addahamANa adhara aniruddha anurAga-bAMsurI apabhraMza-kathAkAvya 2 38 183 38 . abhayamati abhayaruci abhiprAya pRSTha zabda 34 AkhyAnaka 234 AkhyAyikA 272 Anandadhara 161 AnAsAgara 50 Alama . 185 AlIsara 195 indra 267 . indrAvatI 234 . IzvaradAsa 234 ujjaina 126 . ur3IsA 308 udadhidatta 39. udayacanda 234 upakathA 269 upanyAsa 240 upanyAsikA 205 upAkhyAna 216 ullApakathA 343 uSA-aniruddha 50, usamAna 81, 172 Umara sUmarA 176 Rtuvana . 229 Rtu-varNana 148 301 kaMvalAvatI 278 kaMThabhUSaNa chaMda kaDavaka 12, 28, 222 kaDavakabaddha 230 258 222 amarAvatI * amRtamatI araba .. aridamana . arimardana arthakathA ardhakathAnaka . . alAuddIna 196 222 221 alipha azokadatta 322 azva 177 89, 180 azva-varNana AkAra AkRti AkhyAna mr mr or mr me ~

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. 358 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka zabda 230 kaNayApura katthA kathA 177 ___. 216 kathA-abhiprAya kathA-AkhyAyikA kathAkAvya kathAnaka kathAnaka-rUr3hi kathAnikA kathA-vinyAsa kathAsaritsAgara kathA-sAhitya kathoddezya kanakapura kanakaprabha kanakamAlA kanakahATa kanakAmara kanakAvalI kanaigirigar3ha kannauja kapUradhArA kamalazrI kamalAvatI karakaMDu karakaMDucariu pRSTha zabda 204 - kAMtimatI 176 kAdambarI 9, 10, 117, kApha kAmakathA 126, 308 kAmakandalA 14, 198 kAmakandalAca upaI kAmaprabandha 119 kAmasena / 128.309 kAminImohana chaMda . .. 335 11 kAvya 110, 111 275 kAvyarUpa __ . 115 215 * kAzI 55, 84 196 kAsimazAha 183 283 kizora , 158 kItimatI . 230 kuMDalinI 172 259 259 kutuvana. , kundanapura kumArapAlarAsa kuvalayAvali kuzalalAbha 38 kRSNa 48 kRSNarAja 237 kelipriya 230 252 keza 158 251, 314 kezava koUhala 61 kautUhala 83 kauzala 126 khaMDakathA 11,221,222 196 khe 176 kuDAladeza 144 206 227 231 karNa 226 222 kalpalatA kalyANasiMha kavisamaya kahAnI

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anukramaNikA : 359 zabda khyAla gandarbhasena gar3hasAmora pRSTha 281 342 342 68,171 342 gaNapati 34,82,172 82,83,130 87 gaNikAsundarI gatyAkhyAna gadyakAvya guptakAla gaina / gopura gorakhapura gorA-bAdala govara mahara ghattA . ghor3A candrAvatI - 297 pRSTha zabda 195 caritra 79 carcarI 36 cAMcari ___39 cA~da 239 cAcari 210 ciMtAmaNi 11 cittaur3a 267 citrarekhA 177 citravizrAmapura 278 citrazAlA 182 citrazAlA-varNana 82 citrazilpa 68 citrasArI 332 citrasena 147 citrAMgada 38 citrAvalI cUnA 342 cainarekhA 43 caupAI 67,128,275 caumAsA 170 chaMda 83 chaDDaNiyA chitAI chitAIvArtA 234 jambasAmicariu 170 jambUsvAmI 236 jayandhara 38,43 jayavarmA 38 jayakliAsa 56,79 jayAvatI 9,118,195 jalakrIr3A 10 jalacara . 87 227 88,89,180 176 cakravartI . 208 332 322 328 332 mr m caccari caturbhujadAsa candAyana candra candrapura candraprabhA / candrabhAnu candramatI candramA candramArI candrasena candrodaya campAvatI carita caritakAvya 50,135 244,313 244,247 237 239 206 239 293 142

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360 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka zabda 205 201.. jalha jasavaI .. jasaharacariu jAyasI jAlandhara jitazatru jinadatta jinadattA jIma jaisalamera pRSTha zabda 42 tribhuvanarati 235 trilocanA 233,311 thUlibhaddaphAgu 82 daMtakathA 240 daNDarAsaka 229 daNDI 259 darpaNa 259 dazakumAracarita - 176 dAUda 34 dAmo 177 dAmodara 34 dUrvAkana 175. joya TaMDaka -239 176 devakI 42 10 DholA . 82 urthinus libanill. 1: 209 . . , DholA-mArU rA dohA NAyakumAracariu takanIka tapadAnakathA taruNI tAranasAha tArAcanda tAlArAsu tithi-dohada tilakamatI tIrthaMkara tIrthAkhyAna * 49 286 229 230,231 229 97 devagiri . 31 devapAla 31 dezAkhyAna 237,312 dohada 97 dvArikA 210 'dvIpa-varNana dhanadatta dhanapAla dhanazrI dhanasena dhanAvaha dharanIdhara dharamapura dharmakathA dharmaghoSa 336 dhADIvAhana 176 dhArA 259 dhAhila 34 naMdadAsa 229 229 195,216 210 229. tukabandI 251 tejamatI tor3A 229

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anukramaNikA : 361 zabda nagara-cihna nagara-varNana pRSTha zabda 278 padmAvatI 140,286 237 parikathA 240 parihAsakathA 31 pAtra 204 pAna 31 pAraNaka 36,44,78,79,172 251 11,222 221 nanda 281 333 - 227 piMgala 31 237 naravara. naravAhana nala nalakUbara .. nAgakumAra nAgamatI nAgavasu nArAyaNadAsa nAlha nidarzana nirbhayapura nItikathA nusaratakhAM 238 pihitAzrava 80,82,172 . pIpA 246 purabhUmi 50 puravinyAsa purAkhyAna purANapurANa-kathA purANa-sAhitya 279 276 209 9,195,206,209 208 211 143 215,233,237 ... .50 puSpa 54 . nUramuhammada nepAla / neminAthacaupaI 'nehanagara paumasirIcariu 'paddhaDikA .. 182 332 puSpadaMta puSpAvatI 89 puhakara 325 pUgala . pRthvIdevI 229,310 pRthvIrAja pRthvIrAjarAso 331 prativAsudeva 332 pratiSThAna 332 pratIka . 331 pradyumna 332 prabandhakAvya 78,131 prabodhacandrodaya 258 prabhAkara 230 prayaMgama chaMda 208 227 ___ 155,156,188 50 paddhaDikA paddhar3iyA paddhar3iyAbaddha paddharichaMda padamAvata padmanAtha padmazrI 196 193 334

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362 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka pRSTha zabda 222 be 278 beli kRSNa-rukmiNI rI . 261 bRhatkathA 24,157 bodhA brahmANDa bhartRhari bhavadatta zabda pravalhikA prAkAra prAti prItama kuMvara prItama siMha prema premakathA premakahAnI premagAthA premapayonidhi premA premAkhyAnaka premAvatI phalAkhyAna phUlahATa phalArAnI 24 bhavadeva bhaviSyadatta 245 24 .231 230,310 bhavisayattakahA bhAvazailI: 109. 16,24 91 . bhASA-kAvya 210 206 227 48 277 bhImavilAsa bhISaNAnana 144,300 68 bhISmaka 177 bhUparIkSA . 231 bhairavAnaMda . , 333. bhogapura 343 159 maMgalAcaraNa maMjhana makaradhvaja bhoja / my maNikulyA baMdhudatta badanaka banArasIdAsa baraunI baladeva balarAma balikarmavidhAna basantapura bAga-vana-varNana bAga-varNana bAjA bANabhaTTa bArahamAsA buddhirAso buddhivicitra 201 253 maNDalarAsaka madanamuditA madanAvalI madirA madhu madhumAlatI madhumAlatIvArtA 34 madhumAsa 43,162 .86,91,129 43,134 323 baMdI

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anukramaNikA : 363 - pRSTha 43,87 34 manohara . 157 161 188 177 274 163 62,74,91,137 209 87 __ mainarekhA 73 zabda pRSTha zabda manoramA 337 mAlatI 86 mAladeza manthallikA 222 mAzUka maya mithaka mayaNaparAjayacariu 193,260 mizritakathA malayagiri 227 mIma masanavI 153 muMjarAja mahAkAlezvara mukAmAta mahAkAvya mugdhAvatI mahAnumati 227 mUrtizilpa mahApadma 246 mRgAvatI mahApurANa mRgendra mahAvyAla 239 megharAja pradhAna mahAsaranagara mahipAla mainA mAdhava . 39,49 moTipha mAdhavAnala moharAjaparAjaya mAdhavAnalakathA yamaka mAdhavAnala-kAmakandalA yazodhanA mAdhavAnala-kAmakandalAkathA yazodhara mAdhavAnala-kAmakandalAprabandha yazobandhu mAdhavAnalanATaka yazoha mAdhavAnalabhASA 42 yuddhavarNana * mAdhavAnalAkhyAna yuddhavAdyavarNana mAdhavAnila 227 ye mAnakavi 204 raMbhA mAnagar3ha 88 raMbhAvatI mAnasara 167 raghurAjasiMha jUdeva mAnasarovara 140,142 raNayAtrA mAnyakheTa 237 ratanasena mAkhaNI ___31 rati 233 rativegA 308 w mm ___ 41 246 234 234 234 149,302 307 . 177 57,227 57 305 80,172 157,261 255 mAridatta

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364 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka 326 324 zabda pRSTha zabda rasaratana 14,54,136 lIlAvatI 14,43,205,228,229 rAghava 172 lokakathA 12,197 rAghava cetana 52,81 lokakAvya-kathA 197 rAjamatI . 33 lokagAthA 197. rAjamArga 278 lokAkhyAna 209 : rAjAkhyAna 210 loraka rAma-kathA 339 vaccharAja 205 . rAmadeva . 50 vajradaMta 246 rAyamehara 38 vatha ha chaMda 334 rAsa 195,199 vanamAlI rAsaka 199 varAhadatta 230 rAso 127,199 varSARtu rIti 97,102 vasantaRtu rukma vasantazrI 227 rukmiNI 48 vasudeva rukmiNIpariNaya 65 vastu-varNana rUpacanda vAjira . 69 .. rUpanagara 89,182 vANAsura 46 vANI rUparekhA vAdyayaMtra 149,307 rUpazailI 108 * vArtA 11,195 lakSmaNasena padmAvatI 177 lakhanautI 237 lakhamasena vAsudeva lakhamasena-padmAvatIkathA vAstuzilpa laguDArAsa 201 vikathA laTa 159 vikrama latArAsaka 201 vijayapAla 177 vijayAnanda lAma-alipha 177 vidarbha lIlA 195 vidyutprabha lIlAvaIkahA 226,309 vidyunmAlI 286 69 rUpamaMjarI 83 133 vAva 37 vAsava lAma

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anukramaNikA : 365 pRSTha 144,300 97,108 237,339 206 233 230 258 . zabda vidhAna vipulAzaya vimalabuddhi vimalazIlA viraspata vilAsa vizAlanetrA viSama vIrakavi vIrapAla vIsaladeva vIsaladevarAso . 221 245 105 272 221,222 37 321 mom 220 38 vRkSa 38. vakSa-dohada vRtti 220 wibuni.tebal Whihi vRSabhadatta pRSTha zabda 97 zRMgArahATa 227 zailI zrIdhara zrIpAlarAsa 70 zrImatI 195,206 zrIvarmA . 237 saMkIrNakathA _97. saMghaTanA saMdezarAsaka sakalakathA sajjana-durjana-ullekha satkathA satyavatI 143 satyavatI kI kathA 316 sadayavatsa-sAvaliMgA saddharmakathA sapAdalakSa 341 samarAiccakahA samudradatta saritA-varNana sarUpA sarovara sarovara-varNana 147 sasikalA 208 sahadevarAya 228 sAkI 228 sAgaragar3ha 94,97 sAgaracanda sAtavAhana 246 48 sAlivAhana 256 siMghanadeva 230,240 siMhala 40 vetAla * vezyAgamana vezyA-hATa 299 140 vairAgaraM 22 231 141 290 230 204 63 157 .vyAla zaMkha * zaktikumAra * zayyA-varNana zalAkA-puruSa zAradazrI zilAmegha . zilpa zivakumAra zizupAla. zIlagupta / 89 246 227 204 83 zIlavatI 83,173

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366 : apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka pRSTha zabda 228 somazarmA zabda siMhaladeza siMhadvIpa siddhanAtha suaMdha hamI kahA suA sugandhadazamI sugandhi-bAjAra sujAna sudatta sudarzana dharma sundaranagara supArI subaMdhutika sumitrA surakSA surati surasundarI surA sUphI kAvya sUphI premAkhyAnaka sUraja sUrajaprabhA sUrajabhAna sUrasena sUrya senAprayANa sarasI somazarma 79 36 sohila sthApatya 257 172 smaraNa 257 svapnAvatI 300 svayaMbhU somezvara 89 svara 234 258 245 63 haMsa javAhira 170 304 haMsamitra haMsarAja haMsarAja vaccharAja haMsAulI 176 246 haThayoga 232 hayavatI 278 haradI 157 harideva 239 harinArAyaNa 157 hariyA 152 harivarmA 152 : harSa 171 harSacarita 65 hATa 86 hATa- varNana 57 hAthI hindI premAkhyAnaka hIrAmana 51 he 245 hva enasAMga pRSTha 245 55 90 97 32.0 91 2.15 160 183 90 36,205 204 204 173 52 72 260 42 38 240 268 144,279 299 148 267 79 176,177 . 268

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pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna banArasa hindU yUnivarsiTI dvArA mAnya pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna deza kA prathama evaM apane DhaMga kA eka hI jaina zodha-kendra hai| yaha gata 36 varSoM se jenavidyA kI nirantara sevA karatA A rahA hai| isake tattvAvadhAna meM anaka chAtroM ne jaina viSayoM kA adhyayana kiyA hai evaM yUnivarsiTI se vividha upAdhiyA~ prApta kI haiN| aba taka 27 vidvAnoM ne po-eca0DI0 evaM DI0 liTa ke lie prayatna kiyA hai jinameM se adhikAMza ko saphalatA prApta huI hai| vartamAna meM isa saMsthAna meM 7 zodhachAtra pI-eca0 DI0 ke lie prabandha likhane meM saMlagna haiN| pratyeka zodhachAtra ko 250 ru0 mAsika zodhavRtti dI jAtI hai| ema0e0 meM jainadarzana kA vizeSa adhyayana karanevAle pratyeka chAtra ko 50 ru0 mAsika chAtravRtti dene ko vyavasthA hai| saMsthAna se aba taka 18 mahattvapUrNa grantha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| jainavidyA kA mAsika 'zramaNa' niyamita prakAzita hotA hai| __pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama kI sthApanA san 1937 meM huI thii| isakA saMcAlana amRtasarasthita sohanalAla jainadharma pracAraka samiti dvArA hotA hai| yaha samiti ekTa 21, san 1860 ke anusAra rajisTarDa hai tathA ise inkamaTaiksa ekTa, san 1961 ke sekzana 88 va 100 ka anusAra Ayakara-mukti-pramANapatra prApta hai| pAzrvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna kA nijI vizAla bhavana hai jisameM pustakAlaya, kAryAlaya, adhyakSakakSa, sahAyakakakSa, chAtrakakSa Adi haiN| adhyakSa evaM anya karmacAriyoM ke nivAsa ke lie upayukta AvAsa haiN| zodhachAtroM ke lie sarva suvidhAoM se yukta Adhunika DhaMga kA chAtrAvAsa hai| jala ko ApUrti ke lie saMsthAna kA nijI nalakUpa hai|

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