Tattvarthasutra Hindi

Author(s): Umaswati, Umaswami, Sukhlal Sanghavi
Publisher: Parshwanath Vidyapith
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/008066/1

Page #1
vAcaka umAsvAtiviracita ta tttvA rtha sU tra vivecanasahita vivecaka paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI - 5 For Private Personal Use Only

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pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA :22: sampAdaka DA0 mohanalAla mehatA zrI jamanAlAla jaina vAcaka umAsvAtiviracita tattvArtha sUtra vivecanasahita vivecaka paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI 17Sui Hou Hou Le prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI-5

Page #3
sUtrakAra : vAcaka umAsvAti vivecaka : paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI sampAdaka : DA0 mohanalAla mehatA zrI jamanAlAla jaina prakAzaka : pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna jaina iMsTiTyUTa AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa, vArANasI--5 mudraka : zivalAla priMTarsa ke0 44/17 bI0 nAyaka bAjAra, vizvezvaragaMja, vArANasI - 1 saMzodhita evaM parivardhita tRtIya saskaraNa, san 1976 mUlya : dasa rupaye

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samarpaNa usa bhaginI - maNDala ko jisameM zrImatI motIbAI jIvarAja tathA zrImatI maNibahana zivacanda kApar3iyA Adi bahaneM mukhya haiM, jisake dvArA vidyA - jIvana tathA zArIrika jIvana meM mujhe sadA hArdika sahAyatA milatI rahI hai / - sukhalAla saMghavI For Private Personal Use Only

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tattvArthasUtra . Joshetters .. ar News mans. ** 2997 lAlA jagannAtha jaina

Page #6
prakAzakIya vAcaka umAsvAti kA tattvArthasUtra yA tattvArthAdhigama jaina darzana kI amara evaM advitIya kRti hai| isame tattva, jJAna, AcAra, karma, bhUgola, khagola yAdi samasta mahattvapUrNa viSayo kA saMkSipta pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yaha grantha jaina darzana ko garvaprathama saMskRta kRti hai / isakI bhASA bharala evaM zailI pravAhazIla hai| ima lokapriya grantha para aneka TIkAe~ evaM vivecana likhe gae hai / unameM paMDitapravara sukhalAlajI saMghavIkRta prastuta vivecana kA pramukha sthAna hai| hindI Adi Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM me viracita tattvArtha-vivecanoM me paMDitajI kI yaha kRti ni mandeha sarvopari hai| isame samasta prAcIna saMskRta TIkAlo kA sAra samAhita hai| prArambha me paMDitajI kI vistRta prastAvanA aitihAsika eva tulanAtmaka dR - se atyadhika mahatvapUrNa hai| yaha vivecana gujarAtI tathA agrejI meM bhI prakAzita ho cukA hai| hindI vivecana kA yaha tRtIya saskaraNa prakAzita ho rahA hai| isa saskaraNa meM prastAvanA ke anta meM jApAnI viduSo kumArA sujuko ohirA kA cintanapUrNa nibandha diyA gayA hai jo tattvArthasUtra kI mUla pAThaviSayaka samasyA para acchA prakAza DAlatA hai / isa taraha prastuta saMskaraNa ko pratyeka dRSTi se upayogI banAne kA bharasaka prayatna kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha kA prakAzana amRtasara ke sva0 lAlA jagannAtha jaina kI puNyasmRti me kiyA gayA hai| Apa sohanalAla jainadharma pracAraka samiti ke sammAnya maMtrI lAlA hara jamarAya jaina ke pUjya pitA the| ApakI tathA ApakI mahadharmiNI sva0 zrImatI jIvanadevI donoM kI smRti me jIvana-jagana ceriTebala TrasTa' kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / isa TrasTa se pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha sasthAna ko Arthika sahAyatA prApta hotI rahatI hai| saMsthAna jJAnodaya TrasTa, ahamadAbAda kA vizeSa AbhArI hai jisane cAra hajAra rupaye kA anudAna dekara prastuta grantha ke prakAzana-vyaya kA AdhA bhAra sahaSa vahana kiyA hai| pUjyapravara pa0 sukhalAlajI evaM paramAdaraNIya pa0 dalasukhasAI mAlapaNiyA kA to saMsthAna prArambha se hI RNI hai / hamAre sahayogI zrI jamanAlAla jaina ne sampAdana-kArya evaM grantha ko adhunAlana rUpa meM prastuta karane meM pUrNa sahayoga diyA hai, ata: unakA mai atyanta AbhArI huuN| kuzala mudraNa ke lie zivalAla priNTarsa ke sacAlaka zrI hariprasAda nigama dhanyavAda ke pAtra hai| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna mohanalAla mehatA vArANasI-5 adhyakSa 1. 7. 76

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prAkkathana tattvArthasUtra-vivecana kA prathama gujarAtI saMskaraNa san 1930 meM gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda se prakAzita huA thaa| usI ke hindI saskaraNa kI prakAzana san 1939 me zrI AtmAnanda janma-zatAbdI smAraka granthamAlA, bambaI se prathama pUSpa ke rUpa meM haa| isa hindI saskaraNa ke paricaya ( prastAvanA ) meM kucha saMzodhana kiyA gayA thA aura isameM sampAdaka zrI kRSNacandrajI aura pa0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne zabdasUcI aura sUtrapATha upalabdha pAThAntaroM ke sAtha jor3A thaa| 'paricaya' me vizeSataH vAcaka umAsvAti kI paramparA ke viSaya meM punarvicAra karate hue yaha kahA gayA thA ki ve zvetAmbara paramparA ke the| isI hindI saskaraNa ke AdhAra para gujarAtI kA dUsarA saMskaraNa san 1940 meM zrI pUjAbhAI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda se prakAzita huA aura vivecana me dA-cAra sthAnoM para vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa baDhAkara usakA tIsarA saMskaraNa usI granthamAlA se san 1949 me prakAzita haa| bAda meM hindI kA dUsarA saskaraNa ukta spaSTIkaraNo ke sAtha jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maMDala, banArasa se san 1952 me prakAzita huA / prathama gujarAtI saskaraNa ( san 1930) ke vaktavya kA Avazyaka aza yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai, jisase mukhyatayA tIna bAteM jJAta hotI haiN| pahalI yaha ki zurU meM vivecana kisa Dhaga se likhane kI icchA thI aura anta meM vaha kisa rUpa me likhA gyaa| dUsarI yaha ki hindI meM vivecana likhanA prAraMbha karane para bhI vaha prathama gujarAto meM kyoM aura kisa paristhiti me samApta kiyA gayA aura phira sArA kA sArA vivecana gujarAtI meM hI prathama kyoM prakAzita huaa| tIsarI yaha ki kaise aura kina adhikAriyoM ko lakSya me rakhakara vivecana likhA gayA hai, usakA AdhAra kyA hai aura usakA svarUpa tathA zailI kaisI rakhI gaI hai / __ "prathama kalpanA-lagabhaga 12 varSa pahale jaba mai apane sahRdaya mitra zrI ramaNikalAla maganalAla modI, bI0 e0 ke sAtha pUnA meM thA taba hama dono ne milakara sAhitya-nirmANa ke viSaya meM bahuta vicAra karane ke - sAta -

Page #8
- ATha - bAda tIna grantha likhane kI spaSTa kalpanA kii| zvetAmbara-digambara donoM sampradAyoM meM pratidina baDhatI huI pATagAlAo, chAtrAlayo aura vidyAlayoM meM jaina-darzana ke zikSaNa kI AvazyaktA jaise-jaise adhika pratIta hone lagI vaise-vaise cAro ora se dono sampradAyo me mAnya naI zailI ke lokabhASA me likhe gae jaina-darzana viSayaka graMthoM kI maoNga bhI hone lgii| yaha dekhakara hamane nizcaya kiyA ki 'tattvArtha' aura 'sanmatitarka' ina donoM grathoM kA to vivecana kiyA jAe aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa tRtIya pustaka 'jaina pAribhASika zabdakoza' svatantra rUpa se likhI jaae| isa prathama kalpanA ke anusAra hama donoM ne tattvArtha ke vivecana kA kAma Aja se 11 varSa pUrva ( san 1919 meM ) AgarA meM prArambha kiyaa| ___ "apanI vizAla yojanA ke anusAra hamane kAma prArambha kiyA aura iSTa sahAyako kA samAgama hotA gayA, para ve Akara sthira rahe na rahe usake pUrva hI ve pakSiyo kI taraha bhinna-bhinna dizAoM meM titara-bitara ho gae aura bAda me to AgarA ke isa ghosale ma akelA mai hI raha gayA / tattvArtha kA Arambha kiyA gayA kArya aura anya kArya mere akele ke basa ke na the aura yaha kArya cAhe jisa taraha pUrNa karane kA nizcaya bhI cupa na rahane detA thaa| mahayoga aura mitroM kA AkarSaNa dekhakara mai AgarA choDakara ahamadAbAda calA gyaa| vahA~ mene 'sanmati' kA kArya hAtha me liyA Ara tattvArtha ke dA-cAra sUtro para AgarA meM jo kucha likhA vaha jyoM kA tyoM paDA rhaa| "bhAvanagara meM san 1921-22 me sanmati kA kAma karate samaya bIca-boca me tattvArtha ke adhUre kAma kA smaraNa ho AtA aura mai cintita ho jaataa| mAnasika sAmagrI hone para bhI upayukta iSTa mitroM ke abhAva ke kAraNa maine tattvArtha ke vivecana kI pUrva nizcita vizAla yojanA dUra karake apanA utanA bhAra kama kiyA, para isa kArya kA sakalpa jyo kA tyo thaa| isalie svAsthya ke kAraNa jaba mai vizrAnti ke lie bhAvanagara ke pAsa vAlu kar3a gAMva gayA taba phira tattvArtha kA kArya hAtha meM liyA aura usakI vizAla yojanA sakSipta karake madhyamamArga apnaayaa| isa vivAti-kAla meM bhinna-bhinna jagahoM me rahakara likhaa| isa kAla meM likhA to kama gayA para usakI eka rUparekhA ( paddhati ) mana meM nizcita hA gaI aura kabhI akele likhane kA vizvAsa utpanna huaa| "mai una dino gujarAta meM hI rahatA thA aura likhatA thaa| pUrva

Page #9
- nau - nizcita paddhati ko bhI saMkucita karanA par3A thA, phira bhI pUrva saskAroM kA eka sAtha kabhI vinAza nahIM hotA, mAnava-zAstra ke isa niyama se maiM bhI baddha thaa| AgarA meM likhane ke lie socI gaI aura kAma meM lAI gaI hindI bhASA kA saMskAra mere mana me kAyama thaa| isalie maine usI bhASA meM likhanA zurU kiyaa| hindI bhASA meM do adhyAya likhe ge| itane me hI bIca meM ruke hue janmati ke kAma kA silasilA punaH prArambha huA aura isake pravAha meM tattvArtha ke kArya ko vahI chor3anA pdd'aa| sthUla rUpa se kAma calAne kI koI AzA nahI thI, para mana to adhikAdhika kArya kara hI rahA thaa| usakA thor3A-bahuta mUrta rUpa Age calakara do varSa bAda avakAza ke dino meM kalakattA meM siddha huA aura cAra adhyAya taka phuNcaa| usake bAda aneka prakAra kA mAnasika aura zArIrika dabAva bar3hatA hI gayA, isalie tattvArtha ko hAtha meM lenA kaThina ho gayA aura pUre tona varSa anya kAmo meM bIta ge| san 1927 ke grISmAvakAza meM lImaDo gyaa| taba phira tattvArtha kA kAma hAtha meM AyA.aura vaha thor3A Age baDhA bhI, lagabhaga cha adhyAya taka paha~ca gayA / para anta me mujhe pratIta huA ki aba sanmati kA kArya pUrNa karane ke bAda ho tattvArtha ko hAtha meM lenA zreyaskara hai| isalie sanmatitarka kA kArya dugune vega se karane lgaa| para itane samaya taka gujarAta meM rahane se aura iSTa mitro ke kahane se yaha dhAraNA huI ki pahale tattvArtha kA gujarAtI saskaraNa nikAyA jaae| yaha navIna saMskAra prabala thaa| purAne saMskAra se hindI bhASA me cha: adhyAyoM kA lekhana ho gayA thaa| hindI se gujagatI karanA zakya aura iSTa hone para bhI usake lie samaya nahIM thA / zeSa aza gujarAtI me likheM to bhI prathama hindo meM likhe hue kA kyA upayoga ? yogya anuvAdaka prApta karanA bhI sarala bAta nahIM thii| ye sabhI asuvidhAe~ thI, para bhAgyavaza inakA bhI anta A gyaa| vidvAn aura sahRdaya mitra rasikalAla choTAlAla parIkha ne hindI se gujarAtI me anuvAda kiyA aura zeSa cAra adhyAya maine gujarAto meM hI likha ddaale| ina cAra adhyAyo kA hindI anuvAda zrI kRSNacandrajI ne kiyA hai / isa taraha lagabhaga gyAraha varSa pUrva prArambha kiyA huA sakalpa pUrNa huA / "paddhati-pahale jaba tattvArtha para vivecana likhane kI kalpanA AI taba nizcita kI gaI yojanA ke pIche dRSTi yaha thI ki sapUrNa jaina tattvajJAna aura jaina AcAra kA svarUpa eka hI sthAna para prAmANika rUpa meM

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- dasa - usake vikAsakramAnusAra pratyeka abhyAsI ke lie sulabha ho jaae| jaina aura jainetara tattvajJAna ke abhyAsiyoM kI saMkucita paribhASAbheda ko dIvAla tulanAtmaka varNana se TUTa jAe aura Aja taka ke bhAratIya darzanoM meM yA pazcimI tattvajJAna ke cintana me siddha aura spaSTa mahattva ke viSayoM dvArA jaina jJAnakoza samRddha ho, isa prakAra se tattvArtha kA vivecana likhA jaae| isa dhAraNA meM tattvArtha viSayaka donoM sampradAyo kI kisI eka hI TokA ke anuvAda yA sAra ko sthAna nahIM thaa| isame TIkAo ke dohana ke atirikta dUsare bhI mahattvapUrNa jaina grantho ke sAra ko sthAna thA / parantu jaba isa vizAla yojanA ne madhyamamArga kA rUpa grahaNa kiyA tava usake pIche kI dRSTi bhI kucha sakucita huii| phira bhI maine isa madhyamamArgI vivecana-paddhati me mukhya rUpa se nimna bAto kA dhyAna rakhA hai : 1. kisI eka hI grantha kA anuvAda yA sAra na likhakara yA kisI eka hI sampradAya ke mantavya kA binA anusaraNa kie hI jo kucha Aja taka jaina tattvajJAna ke aGga ke rUpa me paThana-cintana meM AyA ho usakA taTastha bhAva se upayoga karanA / 2. vivecana mahAvidyAlaya yA kAleja ke vidyAthiyoM kI jijJAsA ke anukUla ho tathA purAtana praNAlI se adhyayana karanevAle vidyAthiyo ko bhI rucikara lage isa prakAra se sAmpradAyika paribhASA ko kAyama rakha kara sarala vizleSaNa karanA / 3. jahA~ ThIka pratIta ho aura jitanA ThIka ho utane hI aza me saMvAda ke rUpa meM aura zeSa bhAga me binA savAda ke saralatApUrvaka carcA krnaa| 4. vivecana meM sUtrapATha eka hI rakhanA aura vaha bhI bhASya-svIkRta aura jahA~ mahattvapUrNa arthabheda ho vahA~ bhedavAlA sUtra dekara nIce TippaNI" meM usakA artha denaa| 5. jahA~ taka artha dRSTisaMgata ho vaise eka yA aneka sUtroM ko mAtha rakhakara utakA artha likhanA aura eka sAtha hI vivecana krnaa| aisA karate hue jahA~ viSaya lambA ho vahA~ usakA vibhAga karake zIrSaka dvArA vaktavya kA vizleSaNa karanA / 6. bahuta prasiddha sthala meM bahuta adhika jaTilatA na A jAe, 1. aba aisI TippaNiyA~ mUla sUtroM me de dI gaI hai / dekhe-pR0 111-138 /

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- gyAraha - isakA dhyAna rakhate hue jaina paribhASA kI jainetara paribhASA ke sAtha tulanA krnaa| - 7. kisI eka hI viSaya para jahA~ kevala zvetAmbara yA digambara athavA donoM ke milakara aneka mantavya hoM vahA~ kitanA aura kyA lenA aura kitanA choDanA isakA nirNaya sUtrakAra ke Agaya kI nikaTatA aura vivecana ke parimANa kI maryAdA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara svatantra rUpa se karanA aura kisI eka hI sampradAya ke vazIbhUta na hokara jaina tattvajJAna yA sUtrakAra kA hI anusaraNa karanA / "itanI bAteM dhyAna meM rakhane para bhI prastuta vivecana meM bhASya, usakI vRtti, sarvArthasiddhi evaM rAjavArtika ke hI azoM kA vizeSa rUpa se AnA svAbhAvika hai| kyoki ye ho grantha mUla sUtroM kI AtmA ko sparza tathA spaSTa karate hai / inameM bhI maine prAya bhASya ko hI prAdhAnya diyA hai kyoMki yaha prAcona eva svopajJa hone se sUtrakAra ke Azaya ko adhika sparza karatA hai| ___"prastuta vivecana meM pahale kI vizAla yojanA ke anusAra tulanA nahI kI gaI hai| isalie nyUnatA ko thor3e-bahata azo meM dUra karane aura tulanAtmaka pradhAnatAvAlI Adhunika rasaprada zikSaNa-praNAlI kA anusaraNa karane ke lie 'prastAvanA' me tulanA sambandhI kArya kiyA gayA hai| prastAvanA me kI gaI tulanA pAThaka ko Upara-Upara se bahata hI alpa pratIta hogii| yaha ThIka hai, para sUkSma abhyAsI dekheMge ki yaha alpa pratIta hone para bhI vicAraNIya adhika hai| prastAvanA meM kI jAnevAlI tulanA meM lambe-lambe viSayoM aura varNano kA sthAna nahI hotA, isalie tulanopayogI mukhya muddoM ko pahale chA~Takara bAda meM saMbhAvya muddoM kI vaidika aura bauddha darzanoM ke sAtha tulanA kI gaI hai| una-una mahoM para byorevAra vicAra ke lie una-una darzano ke granthoM ke sthaloM kA nirdeza kara diyA gayA hai / isase abhyAsa karanevAloM ko apanI buddhi kA upayoga karane kA bhI avakAza rhegaa| isI bahAne unake lie darzanAMtara ke avalokana kA mArga bhI khula jAegA, aisI AzA hai|" gujarAto vivecana ke karIba 21 varSa bAda san 1952 meM hindI vivecana kA dUsarA saskaraNa prakAzita huaa| itane samaya meM tattvArtha se sambandha rakhanevAlA sAhitya paryApta parimANa meM prakAzita haA hai| bhASAdRSTi se saMskRta, gujarAtI, agrejI aura hindI ina cAra bhASAo meM

Page #12
- bAraha - tatvArtha viSayaka sAhitya prakAzita huA hai| isameM bhI na kevala prAcIna granthoM kA hI prakAzana samAviSTa hai apitu samAlocanAtmaka, anuvAdAtmaka, saMzodhanAtmaka aura vivecanAtmaka Adi anekavidha sAhitya samAviSTa hai| prAcIna TokA-granthoM meM se siddhasenIya aura hAribhadrIya dono bhASyavRttiyoM ko pUrNatayA prakAzita karane-karAne kA zreya vastutaH zrImAn sAgarAnanda sUrIzvara ko hai| unakA eka samAlocanAtmaka nibandha bhI hindI meM prakAzita huA hai, jisame vAcaka umAsvAti ke zvetAmbara yA digamthara hone ke viSaya meM mukhyarUpa se carcA hai| tattvArtha ke mUla sUtroM kA gujarAtI anuvAda zrI hIrAlAla kApar3iyA, ema0 e0 kA tathA tattvArthabhASya ke prathama adhyAya kA gajarAto anuvAda vivecanasahita pa0 prabhudAsa becaradAsa parIkha kA prakAzita haA hai| tattvArtha kA hindI anubAda jo vastutaH mere gujarAtI vivecana kA akSarazaH anuvAda hai vaha phalodI ( mAravAr3a ) ke zrI megharAjajI muNota ke dvArA taiyAra hokara prakAzita huA hai| sthAnava vAsI muni (bAda me AcArya ) AtmArAmajI upAdhyAya ke dvArA 'tattvArthasUtra-jainAgama samanvaya' nAmaka do pustikAeM prakAzita huI hai / iname se eka hindI artha yukta hai aura dUsarI hindI artharahita AgamapAThavAlI hai| zrI rAmajIbhAI dozI kA gujarAtI tattvArtha-vivecana sonagar3ha se prakAzita huA hai| pro0 jI0 Ara0 jaina kA tattvArtha ke pacama adhyAya kA vivecana Adhunika vijJAna kI dRSTi se agrejI meM prakAzita huA hai|' pa0 mahendrakumArajI nyAyAcArya dvArA sampAdita zrutasAgarAcAryakRta tattvArthavRtti, paM0 lAlabahAdura zAstrIkRta tattvAthasUtra kA hindI anuvAda aura pa0 phUlacaMdrajI kA hindI vivecana banArasa se prakAzita huA hai / tattvArthasUtra kI bhAskaranaMdikRta sukhabodhavRtti orieNTala lAyabrerI pablikezana kI saskRta sIrIja meM 84vI pustaka rUpa se prakAzita huI hai jo pa0 zAntirAja zAstrI dvArA sampAdita hai| yaha vRtti 14vI zatAbdo kI hai| tattvAtrisUtrIprakAzikA nAmaka vyAkhyA jo zrI vijayalAvaNyasUrikRta hai aura jo zrI vijayanemisUri granthamAlA ke 22 veM ratna ke rUpa meM prakAzita huI hai, vaha paMcamAdhyAya ke 1. Cosmology : Old and New.

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- teraha - utpAdavyayAdi tIna sUtroM ( 5. 29-31 ) ko sabhASya siddhasenoM pa vRtti kA vistRta vivaraNa hai| pichale 21 varSoM meM prakAzita va nirmita tattvArthaviSayaka sAhitya kA ullekha yahA~ isalie kiyA hai ki 21 varSoM ke pahale jo tattvArtha ke adhyayana-adhyApana kA pracAra thA vaha pichale varSoM meM kisa taraha aura kitane parimANa meM bar3ha gayA hai aura dina-pratidina usake bar3hane kI kitanI adhika sambhAvanA hai| pichale varSo ke tatvArtha-viSa paka tInoM mampradAyoM ke parizIlana meM mere 'gunagatI vivecana' kA kitanA hissA hai yaha batalAnA mega kAma nhii| kara bhI itanA avazya kaha sakatA hU~ ki tInA sampradAyo ke yogya adhikAriyo ne mere 'gajagatI vivecana' ko itanA adhika AnAyA ki me usakI kalpanA bhI nahI karatA thaa| tattvArtha ke prathama hindo samNa ke prakAzita hone ke bAda tattvArtha sUtra, usakA bhASya, vAcaka upasvAti aura tattvArtha kI aneka TIkAe~ ityAdi viSayo para aneka lekhako ke aneka lakha nikale hai| parantu yahA~ mujhe zrAmAt nAthUrAma jA premA ke lakha ke viSaya me hI kucha kahanA hai| premAjI kA 'bhAratIya vidyA' ka mighA smAraka aka me 'vAcaka umAsvAti kA sabhASya tattvAthasUtra aura unakA sampradAya' nAmaka lekha prakAzita huA hai| unhone dAgha UhApoha ke bAda vaha batalAyA hai ki vAcaka umAsvAni yApanIya sagha ke AcArya the| unakI aneka dalIleM aisI hai jo unake maMtavya ko mAnane ke lie AkRSTa karatI hai, isalie unake mantavya kI vizeSa chAnabIna karane ke lie saToka bhagavato ArAdhanA kA khAsa parizolana pa0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne kiyaa| phalasvarUpa jo nATa unhAne taiyAra kie una para hama dono ne vicAra kiyA / vicAra karate samaya bhagavato ArAdhanA, usakI TIkAeM aura bRhatkalpabhASya Adi grantho kA Avazyaka avalokana bhI kiyA gayA / yathAsambhava isa prazna para muka mana se vicAra kiyA gayA / Akhira hama donoM isa natIje para pahuMce ki vAcaka umAsvAti yApanIya na the, ve sacela paramparA ke the, jaisA ki hamane prastAvanA me darasAyA hai| hamAre avalokana aura vicAra kA niSkarSa saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai : 1. dekhe-anekAnta, varSa 3, aMka 1,4, 11, 12; varSa 4, aMka 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, varSa 5, aMka 1-11; jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, varSa 8 aura 9; jaina satyaprakAza, varSa 6, aMka 4; bhAratIya vidyA kA siMghI smAraka aMka /

Page #14
- caudaha - 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura usake TIkAkAra aparAjita donoM yadi yApanIya haiM to unake grantha se yApanIya saMgha ke AcAraviSayaka nimna lakSaNa phalita hote hai (ka ) yApanIya AcAra kA autsargika aMga acelatva arthAt nagnatva (kha ) yApanIya saMgha meM muni kI taraha AryAoM kA bhI mokSalakSI sthAna hai| avasthAvizeSa meM unake lie bhI nirvasanabhAva kA upadeza hai| (ga) yApanIya AcAra meM pANitala-AhAra kA vidhAna hai aura kamaNDalu-picchI ke atirikta aura kisI upakaraNa kA autsargika vidhAna nahI hai| ukta lakSaNa umAsvAti ke bhASya aura prazamarati jaise granthoM ke varNana ke sAtha bilakula mela nahI khAte, kyoki uname spaSTa rUpa se muni ke vastra-pAtra kA varNana hai| kahI bhI nagnatva kA autsargika vidhAna nahI hai evaM kamaNDalu-picchI jaise upakaraNa kA to nAma taka nahI hai| 2. zrI premIjI kI eka dalIla yaha bhI hai ki puNya-prakRti Adi viSayaka umAsvAti kA mantavya aparAjita kI TIkA meM pAyA jAtA hai| parantu gaccha tathA paramparA kI tattvajJAnaviSayaka mAnyatAo ke itihAsa se spaSTa hai ki kabhI-kabhI eka hI paramparA meM paraspara viruddha dikhAI denevAlI sAmAnya eva choTI mAnyatAe~ pAI jAtI haiN| itanA hI nahI apitu do paraspara virodhI mAnI jAnevAlI paramparAo meM bhI kabhIkabhI aiso sAmAnya va choTI-choTo mAnyatAo kA ekatva milatA hai| aisI sthiti meM vastrapAtra ke samarthaka umAsvAti kA vastrapAtra ke virodhI yApanIya sagha kI amuka mAnyatAoM ke sAtha sAmya ho to koI acaraja kI bAta nhii| paM0 phUlacandrajI zAstrI ne tattvArthasUtra ke apane vivecana kI prastAvanA meM gRdhrapiccha ko sUtrakAra aura umAsvAti ko bhASyakAra batalAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| para yaha prayatna jitanA itihAsa-viruddha hai utanA hI tarkabAdhita bhI hai| unhone jaba yaha likhA ki zurU kI kArikAo me aisI koI kArikA nahI hai jo umAsvAti ko sUtrakAra sUcita karatI ho taba jAna par3atA hai ve ekamAtra apanA mantavya sthApita karane kI ora itane jhuka gae ki jo artha spaSTa hai vaha bhI yA to unake dhyAna meM AyA nahI yA unhone usakI upekSA kara dii| anya kA rakAoM kI kathA chor3a

Page #15
- pandraha - deM to bhI kArikAeM 22 aura 31 itanI spaSTa haiM ki jinake umAsvAtikartRka sUtrasaMgraha yA umAsvAtikartRka mokSamArga zAstrarUpa artha meM sandeha ko lezamAtra avakAza nahIM rhtaa|| pa0 kailAzacandrajI ne apane hindI arthasahita tattvArthasUtra kI prastAvanA meM tattvArthabhASya kI umAsvAtikatakatA tathA bhASya ke samaya ke bAre meM jo vicAra vyakta kie haiM unhe dhyAnapUrvaka dekhane ke bAda koI taTastha itihAsajJa unako pramANabhUta nahIM mAna sakatA / paMDitajI ko jahA~ kahIM bhASya kI svopajJatA yA rAjavAtika Adi me bhASya ke ullekha kI saMbhAvanA dIkha par3I vahA~ unhone prAyaH sarvatra nirAdhAra kalpanA ke bala para anya vRtti ko mAnakara upasthita grantha ko arvAcIna batalAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| isa viSaya meM paM0 phUlacandrajI Adi anya paMDita bhI eka hI mArga ke anugAmI hai|| hindI kA pahalA saskaraNa samApta ho jAne para isakI nirantara baDhatI huI mAMga ko dekhakara jaina saMskRti sazodhana maMDala, banArasa ke matro aura mere mitra paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA dUsarA saMskaraNa prakAzita karane kA vicAra kara rahe the / isI bIca sahRdaya zrI riSabhadAsajI rAkA kA unase paricaya huaa| zrI rAMkAjI ne yaha saskaraNa prakAzita karane kA aura yathAsaMbhava kama mUlya meM sulabha karAne kA apanA vicAra vyakta kiyA aura usakA prabaMdha bhI kiyA, etadartha mai unakA kRtajJa huuN| isa hindI tattvArtha ke hI nahI apitu apanI likho haI kisI bhI gujarAtI yA hindI pustaka-pustikA yA lekha ke punaH prakAzana meM sIdhe bhAga lene kI merA ruci bahuta samaya se nahIM rahI hai / maine yahI soca rakhA hai ki abhI taka jo kucha socA aura likhA gayA hai vaha yadi kisI bhI dRSTa se kisI saMsthA yA kinhIM vyaktiyoM ko upayogI jaMcegA to ve usake lie jo kucha karanA hogA, krege| mai aba apane lekha Adi me kyoM ulajhA rahU~ ? isa vicAra ke bAda merA jo jIvana yA jo zakti avaziSTa hai use mai Avazyaka nae cintana Adi meM lagAtA rahA huuN| aisI sthiti me hindI tattvArtha ke dUsare saMskaraNa ke prakAzana meM vizeSa ruci lenA mere lie saMbhava nahIM thA / yadi yaha bhAra mujha para hI rahatA to dUsarA saMskaraNa nikala hI na paataa| etadviSayaka sArA dAyitva apanI icchA aura utsAha se paM0 zrI mAlavaNiyA ne apane Upara le liyA aura use anta taka bhalIbhAMti nibhAyA bhii| dvitIya saskaraNa ke prakAzana ke lie

Page #16
solaha - jitanA aura jo kucha sAhitya paDhanA paDA, samucita parivartana ke lie jo kucha UhApoha karanA par3A aura anya vyAvahArika bAtoM ko sulajhAnA par3A, yaha saba zrI mAlavaNiyA ne svayaM sphUrti se kiyA hai / hama donoM kA jo sabandha hai vaha AbhAra mAnane ko prerita nahIM karatA / phira bhI isa bAta kA ullekha isIlie karatA hU~ ki jijJAsu pAThaka vastusthiti jAna sake / prastuta tRtIya saskaraNa kI prastAvanA me kevala agastya siMha cUrNa kA tathA nayacakra kA nideza baDhA diyA gayA hai jo sUtrabhASya kI ekakartRkatA ko niddha meM sahAyaka hai / vivecana meM dhyAna ( 927 ) sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM bhASyakAra ke usa mataM kA TippaNI meM nirdeza kiyA gayA hai jisakA anusaraNa kisI ne bhI nahI kiyA / For Private Personal Use Only - sukhalAla

Page #17
viSayAnukrama -- prastAvanA -- 1. tattvArthasUtrakAra umAsvAti 1-28 (ka) vAcaka umAsvAti kA samaya 6, (kha) umAsvAti kI yogyatA 13, (ga) umAsvAti kI paramparA 15, (gha) umAsvAti kI jAti aura janmasthAna 27 2. tattvArtha ke vyAkhyAkAra 28-42 (ka) umAsvAti 28, (kha) gandhahastI 29, (ga) siddhasena 34, (gha) haribhadra 36, (Ga) yazobhadra tathA yazobhadra ke ziSya 37, (ca) malayAira 38, (cha) ciraMtanamuni 38, (ja) vAcaka yazovijaya 38, (jha) gaNI yazovijaya 39, (a) pUjyapAda 40, (Ta) bhaTTa akalaGka 41, (Tha) vidyAnanda 41, (Da) zrutasAgara 41, (Dha) vibudhasena, yogIndradeva, lakSmIdeva, yogadeva aura abhayanandasUri Adi 42 3. tattvArthasUtra 42-59 (ka) prerakasAmagrI : 1. AgamajJAna kA uttarAdhikAra 42, 2. saskRtabhASA 42, 3. darzanAntaroM kA prabhAva 43, 4. pratibhA 43 (kha) racanA kA uddezya (ga) racanAzailI (gha) viSayavarNana : viSaya kA cunAva 46, viSaya kA vibhAjana 47, jJAnamImAMsA kI sArabhUta bAteM 47, tulanA 48, jJeyamImAMsA kI sArabhUta bAte 49, tulanA 50, cAritramomAMsA kI sArabhUta bAteM 53, tUlanA 54 4. tattvArtha kI vyAkhyAe~ 59-71 (ka) bhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi : 1. sUtrasakhyA 61, 44 - satraha -

Page #18
65 - aThAraha - 2 arthabheda 61, 3. pAThAntaraviSayaka bheda 61, 4. yathAthatA : ( ka ) zailIbheda 61, ( kha ) arthavikAsa 63, (ga) sAmpradAyikatA 64 (kha) do vAtika (ga) do vRttiyA~ 68 (gha) khaNDita vRtti 71 (Ga) ratnasiMha kA TippaNa pariziSTa 72-78 (ka) prazna 72, (kha) premIjI kA patra 73, (ga) jugala kigArajo mukhtAra kA patra 74, (gha) merI vicAraNA 76 adhyayana viSayaka sUcanAe~ 79-83 tattvArthasUtra kA mUla pATha (sujuko ohirA) 84-107 mUla sUtra 109-138 - vivecana - 1. jJAna mokSa ke sAdhana mokSa kA svarUpa 1, sAdhanoM kA svarUpa 2, sAdhanoM kA sAhacarya 2, sAhacarya-niyama 2 samyagdarzana kA lakSaNa samyagdarzana kI utpatti ke hetu nizcaya aura vyavahAra samyaktva 4, samyaktva ke liGga 4, hetubheda 4, utpatti-krama 5 tAttvika arthoM kA nAma-nirdeza nikSepoM kA nAma-nirdeza tattvoM ko jAnane ke upAya __naya aura pramANa kA antara 8 tattvoM ke vistRta jJAna ke lie kucha vicAraNA dvAroM kA nirdeza samyagjJAna ke bheda pramANa-carcA

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- unnIsa - pramANa-vibhAga 12, pramANa-lakSaNa 12 matijJAna ke ekArthaka zabda matijJAna kA svarUpa matijJAna ke bheda ___ avagraha Adi ukta cAroM bhedoM ke lakSaNa 15 avagraha Adi ke bheda sAmAnya rUpa se avagraha Adi kA viSaya indriyoM ko jJAnotpatti-paddhati-sambandhI bhinnatA ke kAraNa avagraha ke avAntara bheda dRSTAnta 21 zrutajJAna kA svarUpa aura usake bheda avadhijJAna ke prakAra aura unake svAmI manaHparyAya ke bheda aura unakA antara avadhi aura manaHparyAya meM antara pA~coM jJAnoM kA grAhya viSaya eka AtmA meM eka sAtha pAye jAnevAle jJAna viparyayajJAna kA nirdhAraNa aura viparyayatA ke hetu naya ke bheda nayo ke nirUpaNa kA bhAva 36, nayavAda ko dezanA aura usakI vizeSatA 36, sAmAnya lakSaNa 38, vizeSa bhedo kA svarUpa 39, naigamanaya 40, sagrahanaya 40, vyavahAranaya 41, RjusUtranaya 42, zabdanaya 42, samabhirUr3hanaya 43, evaMbhUtanaya 44, zeSa vaktavya 44 / / 2. jIva pA~ca bhAva, unake bheda aura udAharaNa bhAvo kA svarUpa 48, aupazamika bhAva ke bheda 49. kSAyika bhAva ke bheda 49, kSAyopazamika bhAva ke bheda 42, audayika bhAva ke bheda 49, pAriNAmika bhAra ke bheda 50 jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga kI vividhatA jIvarAzi ke vibhAga saMsArI jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda

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- bIsa - indriyoM kI saMkhyA, unake bheda-prabheda aura nAma-nirdeza indriyo ke nAma 57 indriyoM ke jJeya arthAt viSaya indriyoM ke svAmI antarAla gati sambandhI yoga Adi pA~ca bAte yoga 63, gati kA niyama 64. gati kA prakAra 64, gati kA kAlamAna 65, anAhAra kA kAlamAna 65 janma aura yoni ke bheda tathA unake svAmI janma-bheda 67, yoni-bheda 67, janma ke svAmI 69 zarIroM ke viSaya zarIra ke prakAra tathA vyAkhyA 71, sthUla-sUkSma bhAva 71, Arambhaka yA upAdAna dravya kA parimANa 72, antima do zarIroM kA svabhAva, kAlamaryAdA aura svAmI 73, svabhAva 73. kAlamaryAdA 73, svAmI 73, eka sAtha labhya zarIroM kI saMkhyA 74, prayojana 75, janmasiddhatA aura kRtrimatA 76 veda (liMga) ke prakAra vibhAga 78, vikAra kI taratamatA 78 AyuSa ke prakAra aura unake svAmI adhikArI 80 77 78 82 3. adholoka-madhyaloka nArakoM kA varNana narakAvAsoM kI saMkhyA 85, lezyA 86, pariNAma 86, zarIra 86, vedanA 86, vikriyA 86, nArako ko sthiti 87, gati 87, Agati 87, dvIpa-samudra Adi kI ava sthiti 88 madhyaloka dvIpa aura samudra 89, vyAsa 89, racanA 9.0, AkRti 90, jambUdvIpa ke kSetra aura pradhAna parvata 90, dhAtakIkhaNDa aura puSkagardhadvopa 91, manuSyajAti kA kSetra aura prakAra 92, karmabhUmiyA~ 93, manuSya aura tiyaJcoM kI sthiti 93 88

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104 - ikkIsa - 4. devaloka devoM ke prakAra tRtIya nikAya ko lezyA cAra nikAyoM ke bheda catunikAya ke avAntara bheda indroM kI saMkhyA prathama do nikAyoM meM lezyA devoM kA kAmasukha catunikAya ke devoM ke bheda bhavanapati 100, vyantaroM ke bheda-prabheda 101, paJcavidha jyotiSka 101, carajyotiSka 102, kAlavibhAga 102, sthirajyotiSka 103, vaimAnika deva 103 devoM kI uttarottara adhikatA aura hInatA viSayaka bAteM sthiti 104, prabhAva 104, sukha aura dyuti 105, lezyAvizuddhi 105, indriyaviSaya 105, avadhiviSaya 105, gati 105, zarIra 106, parigraha 106, abhimAna 106, ucchvAsa 106, AhAra 106, vedanA 107, upapAta 107, anubhAva 107 vaimAnikoM meM lezyA kalpoM kI parigaNanA lokAntika deva anuttara vimAnoM ke devoM ko vizeSatA tiryaJcoM kA svarUpa adhikAra-sUtra bhavanapatinikAya kI utkRSTa sthiti vaimAnikoM ko utkRSTa sthiti vaimAnikoM kI jaghanya sthiti nArakoM ko jaghanya sthiti bhavanapatiyoM ko jaghanya sthiti vyantaroM kI sthiti jyotiSkoM kI sthiti 5. ajIva ajIva ke bheda 107 107 108 109 110 110 112 113

Page #22
- bAIsa - 115 119 123 125 126 126 128 131 131 132 1 llh llh llh mUla dravya mUla dravyoM kA sAdharmya aura vaidharmya pradezoM kI saMkhyA dravyoM kA sthitikSetra kArya dvArA dharma, adharma aura AkAza ke lakSaNa kArya dvArA pudgala kA lakSaNa kArya dvArA jIva kA lakSaNa kArya dvArA kAla kA lakSaNa pudagala ke asAdhAraNa paryAya pudagala ke mukhya prakAra skandha aura aNu kI utpatti ke kAraNa acAkSuSa skandha ke cAkSuSa banane meM hetu 'sata' kI vyAkhyA virodha-parihAra evaM pariNAminityatva kA svarUpa vyAkhyAntara se sat kA nityatva anekAnta svarUpa kA samarthana vyAkhyAntara paudgalika bandha ke hetu bandha ke sAmAnya vidhAna ke apavAda pariNAma kA svarUpa dravya kA lakSaNa kAla tathA usake paryAya guNa kA svarUpa pariNAma kA svarUpa pariNAma ke bheda tathA AzrayavibhAga 6. Atrava yoga arthAt Asrava kA svarUpa yoga ke bheda aura unakA kAryabheda svAmibheda se yoga kA phalabheda sAmparAyika karmAstrava ke bheda paccIsa kriyAoM ke nAma aura lakSaNa 151 bandha kA kAraNa samAna hone para bhI pariNAmabheda se karmabandha meM vizeSatA or or or or or orroworooronorror 138 148 149 150 153

Page #23
154 156 - teIsa - adhikaraNa ke bheda ATha prakAra ke sAmparAyika karmoM meM se pratyeka ke bhinnabhinna bandhahetu jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIya karmo ke bandhahetu 158, asAtAvedanIya karma ke bandhahetu 159, sAtAvedanIya karma ke bandhahetu 160, darzanamohanIya karma ke bandhahetu 160, cAritramohanIya karma ke bandhahetu 161, naraka-Ayu karma ke bandhahetu 161, tiryaJca-Ayu karma ke bandhahetu 161, manuSya-Ayu karma ke bandhahetu 161, ukta tInoM Ayu karmoM ke sAmAnya bandhahetu 161, deva-Ayu karma ke bandhahetu 562, azubha evaM zubha nAmakarma ke bandhahetu 162, tIrthaMkara nAmakarma ke bandhahetu 162, nIca gotrakarma ke bandhahetu 163, ucca gotrakarma ke bandhahetu 163, antarAya karma ke bandhahetu 163, sAMparAyika karmoM ke Asrava ke viSaya meM vizeSa vaktavya 163 7. vrata vrata kA svarUpa vrata ke bheda vratoM kI bhAvanAe~ bhAvanAoM kA spaSTIkaraNa 169 kaI anya bhAvanAeM hiMsA kA svarUpa asatya kA svarUpa corI kA svarUpa abrahma kA svarUpa parigraha kA svarUpa yathArtha vratI kI prAthamika yogyatA vratI ke bheda agArI vratI pA~ca aNuvrata 181, tIna guNavrata 182, cAra zikSAvrata 182, saMlekhanA 182 samyagdarzana ke aticAra 166 168 168 170 172 176 177 177 178 172 180 180 183

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185 190 192 193 - caubIsa - vrata va zIla ke aticAroM kI saMkhyA tathA nAma-nirdeza ahiMsAvata ke aticAra 187, satyavrata ke aticAra 187, asteyavrata ke aticAra 187, brahmacaryavrata ke aticAra 188, aparigrahavata ke aticAra 188, digviramaNavrata ke aticAra 188, dezAvakAzikavrata ke aticAra 189, anarthadaMDaviramaNavrata ke aticAra 189, sAmAyikavrata ke aticAra 189, pauSadhavrata ke aticAra 189, bhogopabhogavata ke aticAra 190, atithisaMvibhAgavata ke aticAra 190, saMlekhanAvrata ke aticAra 190 dAna tathA usakI vizeSatA 8.bandha bandhahetuoM kA nirdeza bandhahetaoM ko vyAkhyA mithyAtva 193, avirati, pramAda 193, kaSAya, yoga 194 bandha kA svarUpa bandha ke prakAra mUlaprakRti-bhedoM kA nAmanirdeza uttaraprakRti-bhedoM kI saMkhyA aura nAmanirdeza jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa karma kI prakRtiyA~ 197, vedanIya karma kI prakRtiyA~ 198, darzanamohanIya karma kI prakRtiyA~ 198 cAritramohanIya karma ko paccIsa prakRtiyAM solaha kaSAya 198, nau nokaSAya 199, AyuSkarma ke cAra prakAra 199 nAmakarma kI bayAlIsa prakRtiyA~ caudaha piNDaprakRtiyA~ 199, sadazaka aura sthAvaradazaka 199, ATha pratyekaprakRtiyA~ 200, gotrakarma kI do prakRtiyA~ 200, antarAyakarma kI pA~ca prakRtiyA~ 200 sthitibandha anubhAvabandha anubhAva aura usakA bandha 202, anubhAva kA phala 202, phalodaya ke bAda mukta karma kI dazA 203 pradezabandha 194 194 195 198 201 201 203

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204 - paccIsa - puNya aura pApa prakRtiyA~ puNyarUpa meM prasiddha 42 prakRtiyA~ 205, pAparUpa meM prasiddha 82 prakRtiyAM 205 9. saMvara-nirjarA saMvara kA svarUpa saMvara ke upAya gupti kA svarUpa samiti ke bheda dharma ke bheda kSamA 208, mArdava 209, Arjava 209, zauca 210, satya 210, saMyama 210, tapa 210, tyAga 210, AkiMcanya 210, brahmacarya 210 / anuprekSA ke bheda anityAnuprekSA 211, azaraNAnuprekSA 211, saMsArAnuprekSA 211, ekatvAnuprekSA 212, anyatvAnuprekSA 212, azucitvAnuprekSA 212, AsravAnuprekSA 212, saMvarAnuprekSA 212, nirjarAnuprekSA 212, lokAnuprekSA 213, bodhidurlabhatvAnuprekSA 213, dharmasvAkhyAtatvAnuprekSA 213 206 206 207 207 208 211 parISaha 213 217 lakSaNa 214, saMkhyA 214, adhikArI-bheda 216, kAraNa nirdeza 216, eka sAtha eka jIva meM saMbhAvya parISaha 217 cAritra ke bheda sAmAyikacAritra 217, chedopasthApanacAritra 217, parihAravizuddhicAritra 218, sUkSmasaMparAyacAritra 218, yathAkhyAtacAritra 218 tapa bAhya tapa 219, Abhyantara tapa 219 prAyazcitta Adi Abhyantara tapoM ke bheda prAyazcitta ke bheda vinaya ke bheda vaiyAvRttya ke bheda svAdhyAya ke bheda 218 219 219 220 220 221

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- chabbIsa - vyutsarga ke bheda dhyAna 221 222 224 225 225 226 226 227 230 231 232 adhikArI 222, svarUpa 223, kAla kA parimANa 223 dhyAna ke bheda aura unakA phala cAroM ghyAnoM ke bheda aura adhikArI ArtadhyAna raudradhyAna dharmadhyAna bheda 226, svAmI 227 zukladhyAna svAmI 228, bheda 228, pRthaktvavitarka-savicAra 229, ekatvavitarka-nirvicAra 229, sUkSmakriyApratipAtI 230, samucchinnakriyAnivRtti 230 samyagdaSTiyoM kI karmanirjarA kA taratamabhAva nigrantha ke bheda nirgranthoM kI vizeSatA-dyotaka ATha bAteM saMyama 232, zruta 232, pratisevanA (virAdhanA ) 233. tIrtha ( zAsana ) 233, liGga 233, lezyA 233, upapAta (utpattisthAna ) 233, sthAna (saMyama ke sthAna -prakAra ) 234 10. mokSa kaivalya kI utpatti ke hetu karma ke Atyantika kSaya ke kAraNa aura mokSa kA svarUpa anya kAraNa mukta jova kA mokSa ke bAda turanta Urdhvagamana sidhyamAna gati ke hetu siddhoM kI vizeSatA-dyotaka bAraha bAte kSetra 238, kAla 238, gati 239, liGga 239, tIrtha 239, cAritra 239, pratyekabuddhabodhita 239, jJAna 239, avagAhanA 240, antara 240, saMkhyA 240, alpabahutva 240 anukramaNikA 235 235 236 237 237 238

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prastAvanA

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1. tattvArthasUtrakAra umAsvAti vaMza do prakAra kA hotA hai - janma-vaMza aura vidyA-vaMza / ' jaba kisI ke janma ke itihAsa para vicAra karanA ho taba rakta se sambaddha usake pitA, pitAmaha, prapitAmaha, putra, pautra, prapautra Adi paramparA ko dhyAna meM rakhanA hotA hai / jaba kisI ke vidyA ( zAstra ) kA itihAsa jAnanA ho taba usa zAstra racayitA ke sAtha vidyA se sambaddha guru- praguru tathA ziSyapraziSya Adi guru-ziSya paramparA kA vicAra karanA Avazyaka hotA hai / 'tattvArtha' bhAratIya dArzanika vidyA kI jaina zAkhA kA eka zAstra hai, ataH isakA itihAsa vidyA-vaza kI paramparA meM AtA hai / tattvArtha me usake racayitA ne jisa vidyA kA samAveza kiyA hai use unhoMne guruparamparA se prApta kiyA hai aura use vizeSa upayogI banAne ke uddezya se apanI dRSTi ke anusAra amuka rUpa meM vyavasthita kiyA hai| unhoMne usa vidyA kA tattvArtha meM jo svarUpa vyavasthita kiyA, vaha bAda meM jyoM kA tyoM nahIM rahA / isake adhyetAoM evaM TIkAkAroM ne apanI-apanI zakti ke anusAra apane-apane samaya meM pracalita vicAradhArAoM se bahuta-kucha lekara usa vidyA meM sudhAra, vRddhi, pUrti aura vikAsa kiyA hai / ataeva prastuta 'prastAvanA' meM tattvArthaM aura isake racayitA ke atirikta vaMza - latA ke rUpa meM vistIrNa TIkAo tathA TIkAkAroM kA bhI paricaya karAnA Avazyaka hai / tattvArthAdhigama-zAstra ke praNetA jainoM ke sabhI sampradAyoM meM prArambha se hI samAnarUpa meM mAnya hai / digambara unheM apanI zAkhA kA aura zvetAmbara apanI zAkhA kA mAnate Ae hai / digambara paramparA meM ye 'umAsvAmI' aura 'umAsvAti' nAmoM se prasiddha haiM, zvetAmbara paramparA 1. ye donoM vaMza Arya-paramparA aura Arya - sAhitya me hajAroM varSoM se prasiddha hai / 'janma - vaMza ' yoni sambandha kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa gRhasthAzrama - sApekSa hai aura 'vidyA-vaMza' vidyA-sambandha kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa guruparamparA - sApekSa hai / ina donoM vaMzoM kA pANini ke vyAkaraNasUtra me spaSTa ullekha hai, yathA 'vidyA- yoni-sambandhebhyo vuJja' 4. 3. 77 / isalie ina do vaMzoM kI kalpanA pANini se bhI bahuta prAcIna hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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- 2 - meM kevala 'umAsvAti' nAma se / isa samaya digambara paramparA meM koI-koI tattvArthazAstra-praNetA umAsvAti ko kundakunda kA ziSya' samajhate haiM aura zvetAmbaroM meM thor3I-bahuta aisI mAnyatA dikhAI detI hai ki prajJApanAsUtra ke racayitA zyAmAcArya ke guru hAritagotrIya 'svAti' hI tattvArthasUtra ke praNetA umAsvAti hai| ye donoM mAnyatAe~ pramANabhUta AdhAra ke binA bAda meM pracalita huI jAna par3atI haiM, kyoki dasavI zatAbdI se pahale ke kisI bhI vizvasta digambara granya, paTTAvalI yA zilAlekha Adi meM aisA ullekha dikhAI nahIM detA jisame umAsvAti ko tattvArthasUtra kA racayitA kahA gayA ho aura unhI umAsvAti ko kundakunda kA ziSya bhI kahA gayA ho| isa Azaya ke jo ullekha digambara-sAhitya meM aba taka dekhane me Ae hai, ve sabhI dasavIM-gyArahavI zatAbdI ke bAda 1. dekheM-svAmI samantabhadra, pR0 144 tathA aage| 2. AryamahAgirestu ziSyau bahula-balissahI yamala-bhrAtarau tatra balissahasya ziSyaH sAtiH, tattvArthAdayo granthAstu tatkRtA eva sambhAvyante / tacchiSya zyAmAcArya. prajJApanAkRt zrIvIrAta SaTsaptatyadhikazatatraye ( 376 ) svargabhAk / -dharmasAgarIya paTTAvalI / 3. zravaNabelagolA ke jina-jina zilAlekho me umAsvAti ko tattvArtharacayitA aura kundakunda kA ziSya kahA gayA hai, ve sabhI zilAlekha vikrama kI gyArahavI zatAbdI ke bAda ke hai / dekhe-mANikacandra di0 jaina granthamAlA dvArA prakAzita 'jaina zilAlekha-saMgraha' me naM0 40, 42, 43, 45, 50 aura 108 ke zilAlekha / nandisaMgha kI paTTAvalI bhI bahuta apUrNa tathA aitihAsika tathya-vihIna hone se use AdhAra nahI mAnA jA sakatA, aisA paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra ne apanI parIkSA me siddha kiyA hai / dekheM-svAmI samantabhadra, pRSTha 144 aura aage| isase isa paTTAvalI tathA aisI hI anya paTTAvaliyoM meM bhI upalabdha ullekho ko anya vizvasta pramANoM ke AdhAra ke abhAva meM aitihAsika nahI mAnA jA sktaa| tattvArthazAstrakartAraM gRdhrapicchopalakSitam / vande gaNIndrasaMjAtamumAsvAmimunIzvaram / / yaha tathA isI Azaya ke anya gadya-padyamaya digambara avataraNa kisI bhI vizvasta tathA prAcIna AdhAra se rahita hai, ataH inhe bhI antima AdhAra ke rUpa me nahI rakhA jA sakatA /

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ke haiM aura unakA koI bhI prAcIna vizvasta AdhAra dikhAI nahI detaa| vicAraNIya bAta to yaha hai ki tattvArthasUtra ke pAMcavI se navIM zatAbdI taka ke prasiddha aura mahAn digambara vyAkhyAkAro ne apanI vyAkhyAoM meM kahI bhI spaSTa rUpa se tattvArthasUtra ko 'umAsvAti' praNIta nahI kahA hai aura na ina umAsvAti kA digambara, zvetAmbara yA taTastha rUpa se ullekha kiyA hai| hA~, zvetAmbara sAhitya me vikrama kI AThavI zatAbdI ke grantho me tattvArthasUtra ke vAcaka umAsvAti-racita hone ke vizvasanIya ullekha milate haiM aura ina granthakAro kI dRSTi meM umAsvAti zvetAmbara the, aisA mAlUma hotA hai; parantu 16-17vI zatAbdI ke gharmasAgara kI tapAgaccha kI 'paTTAvalI' ko yadi alaga kara diyA jAya to kisI bhI zvetAmbara grantha yA paTTAvalI Adi meM aisA nirdeza taka nahI pAyA jAtA ki tattvArthasUtra-praNetA vAcaka umAsvAti zyAmAcArya ke guru the / vAcaka umAsvAti kI sva-racita apane kula tathA guru-paramparA ko darzAnevAlI, lezamAtra sadeha se rahita tattvArthasUtra kI prazasti ke vidyamAna hote hue bhI itanI bhrAnti kaise pracalita haI, yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai / parantu jaba pUrvakAlIna sAmpradAyika vyAmoha aura aitihAsika dRSTi ke abhAva kI ora dhyAna jAtA hai taba yaha samasyA hala ho jAtI hai| vA0 umAsvAti ke itihAsa-viSayaka unakI apanI likhI huI choTIsI prazasti hI eka saccA sAdhana hai| unake nAma ke sAtha jor3I huI anya bahuta-sI ghaTanAe3 dono sampradAyo kI paramparAoM me calI A rahI hai, parantu parIkSaNIya hone se abhI una sabako akSarazaH sahI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / unakI vaha sakSipta prazasti isa prakAra hai : vAcakamukhyasya zivazriyaH prakAzayazasaH praziSyeNa / ziSyeNa ghossnndikssmnnsyaikaadshaanggvidH||1|| vAcanayA ca mahAvAcakakSamaNamuNDapAdaziSyasya / ziSyeNa vAcakAcAryamUlanAmnaH prthitkiirteH||2|| 1. vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa ke lie isI prastAvanA kA pariziSTa draSTavya hai / 2. dekheM-prastuta prastAvanA me pR0 13 kI TippaNI 2 / 3. jaise ki digambaroM meM gRdhrapiccha Adi tathA zvetAmbaro me pAca sau granthoM ke racayitA Adi /

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- 4 - nyagrodhikAprasUtena viharatA puravare kusumanAmni / kaubhISaNinA svAtitanayena vAtsIsutenAya'm // 3 // arhadavacanaM samyaggurukrameNAgataM samupadhArya / duHkhArta ca durAgamavihatamati lokamavalokya // 4 // idamuccai garavAcakena sattvAnukampayA dRbdham / tattvArthAdhigamAkhyaM spaSTamumAsvAtinA zAstram // 5 // yastattvAdhigamAkhyaM jJAsyati ca kariSyate ca ttroktm| so'vyAbAdhasukhAkhyaM prApsyatyacireNa paramArtham // 6 // isakA sAra isa prakAra hai "jinake dokSAguru gyAraha aMga ke dhAraka 'ghoSanandi' kSamaNa the aura praguru vAcakamukhya 'zivazrI' the; vAcanA ( vidyAgrahaNa ) kI dRSTi se jisake guru 'mUla' nAmaka vAcakAcArya aura praguru mahAvAcaka 'muNDapAda' the; jo gotra se 'kaubhISaNi' the; jo 'svAti' pitA aura 'vAtsI' mAtA ke putra the; jinakA janma 'nyagrodhikA' meM haA thA aura jo 'uccanAgara'1 1. 'uccai gara' zAkhA kA prAkRta nAma 'uccAnAgara' milatA hai / yaha zAkhA kisI grAma yA zahara ke nAma para prasiddha huI hogI, yaha to spaSTa dIkhatA hai| parantu yaha grAma kauna-sA thA, yaha nizcita karanA kaThina hai| bhArata ke aneka bhAgoM me 'nagara' nAma ke yA anta me 'nagara' zabdavAle aneka zahara tathA grAma hai / 'baDanagara' gujarAta kA purAnA tathA prasiddha nagara hai| baDa kA artha moTA (vizAla) aura moTA kA artha kadAcit U~cA bhI hotA hai / lekina gujarAta meM baDanagara nAma bhI pUrvadeza ke usa athavA usa jaise nAma ke zahara se liyA gayA hogA, aisI bhI vidvAno kI kalpanA hai| isase uccanAgara zAkhA kA baDanagara ke sAtha hI sambandha hai, yaha jora dekara nahI kahA jA sakatA / isake atirikta jaba uccanAgara zAkhA utpanna huI, usa kAla me baDanagara thA yA nahI aura thA to usake sAtha jaino kA kitanA sambandha thA, yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai| uccanAgara zAkhA ke udbhava ke samaya jainAcAryoM kA mukhya vihAra gaMgA-yamunA kI tarapha hone ke pramANa milate hai / ata. bar3anagara ke sAtha uccanAgara zAkhA ke sambandha kI kalpanA sabala nahI rahatI / isa viSaya me kanighama kA kahanA hai ki yaha bhaugolika nAma uttarapazcima prAnta ke Adhunika bulandazahara ke antargata 'uccanagara' nAma ke kile ke sAtha mela khAtA hai| -ArkiyolaoNjikala sarve oNpha iMDiyA riporTa, bhAga 14, pR0 147 /

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zAkhA ke the; una umAsvAti vAcaka ne guru-paramparA se prApta zreSTha Ahetaupadeza ko bhalI prakAra dhAraNa karake tathA tuccha zAstroM dvArA hatabaddhi du.khita loka ko dekhakara prANiyoM kI anukampA se prerita hokara yaha 'tattvArthAdhigama' nAma kA spaSTa zAstra vihAra karate hue 'kusumapUra' nAmaka mahAnagara meM racA hai| jo isa tattvArthazAstra ko jAnegA aura usake kathanAnusAra AcaraNa karegA, vaha avyAbAdhasukha nAmaka paramArtha mokSa ko zIghra prApta hogaa|" isa prazasti meM aitihAsika ghaTanA kI dyotaka mukhya cha: bAteM haiM1. dIkSAguru tathA dIkSApraguru kA nAma aura dIkSAguru kI yogyatA, 2. vidyAguru tathA vidyApraguru kA nAma, 3. gotra, pitA tathA mAtA kA nAma, 4. janmasthAna tathA grantharacanA ke sthAna kA nAma, 5 zAkhA tathA padavI kI sUcanA tathA 6. granthakAra tathA grantha kA nAma / ___ yaha mAnane kA koI kAraNa nahIM ki yaha prazasti jo ki isa samaya bhASya ke anta meM upalabdha hotI hai svayaM umAsvAti kI racI haI nahIM hai / DA. harmana jaikobI bhI isa prazasti ko umAsvAti kI hI mAnate haiM aura yaha unhIM ke tattvArtha ke jarmana anuvAda kI bhUmikA se spaSTa hai| ataH isameM jisa ghaTanA kA ullekha hai use hI yathArtha mAnakara vA0 umAsvAti viSayaka digambara-zvetAmbara paramparA meM calI AI mAnyatAoM kA spaSTIkaraNa karanA isa samaya rAjamArga hai| Upara nirdiSTa chaH bAtoM meM se digambarasammata pahalI aura dUsarI bAta kundakunda ke sAtha umAsvAti ke sambandha ko asatya siddha karatI hai| kundakunda ke upalabdha aneka nAmo me se eka bhI nAma aisA nahI jo umAsvAti dvArA darzAe hue apane vidyAguru tathA dIkSAguru ke nAmo me AtA ho / isase isa kalpanA ko koI sthAna nahI ki kundakunda kA umAsvAti ke sAtha vidyA athavA dIkSA-viSaya me guruziSya-bhAvAtmaka sambandha thaa| ukta prazasti meM umAsvAti ke vAcaka-paramparA meM tathA uccanAgara zAkhA me hone kA spaSTa kathana hai, jaba ki digambara mAnyatA kundakunda ke nandi nAgarotpatti ke nibandha me rA0 rA0 mAnazaMkara 'nAgara' zabda kA sambandha dikhalAte hue nagara nAma ke aneka grAmoM kA ullekha karate hai| isake lie chaThI gujarAtI sAhityapariSad kI riporTa draSTavya hai|

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saMgha meM hone kI hai| uccanAgara nAma kI koI zAkhA digambara sampradAya meM haI ho, aisA Aja bhI jJAta nahI hai| digambara paramparA meM kUndakunda ke ziSyarUpa meM mAnya umAsvAti yadi vAstava meM aitihAsika vyakti hoM to bhI unhoMne tattvArthAdhigama zAstra likhA thA, yaha mAnyatA vizvasta AdhAra se rahita hone se bAda meM kalpita mAlUma hotI hai / ukta bAtoM meM se tIsarI bAta zyAmAcArya ke sAtha umAsvAti ke sambandha kI zvetAmbarIya sambhAvanA ko asatya siddha karatI hai, kyoMki vAcaka umAsvAti apane ko kaubhISaNi kahakara apanA gotra 'kaubhISaNa' batAte haiM, jaba ki zyAmAcArya ke gururUpa se paTTAvalI meM ullikhita 'svAti' ko 'hArita' gotra kA kahA gayA hai / isake atirikta tattvArthapraNetA umAsvAti ko ukta prazasti spaSTa rUpa se 'vAcaka' kahatI hai, jaba ki zyAmAcArya yA unake gururUpa me nirdiSTa 'svAti' nAma ke sAtha vAcaka vizeSaNa paTTAvalI meM dikhAI nahIM detaa| isa prakAra ukta prazasti eka ora digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparAo kI bhrAnta kalpanAoM kA nirasana karatI hai aura dUsarI ora vaha granthakAra kA sakSipta kintu yathArtha itihAsa prastuta karatI hai| (ka) vAcaka umAsvAti kA samaya vAcaka umAsvAti ke samaya ke sambandha meM ukta prazasti meM kucha bhI nirdeza nahIM hai / samaya kA ThIka nirdhAraNa karanevAlA dUsarA bhI koI sAdhana aba taka prApta nahI haA / aisI sthiti meM isa viSaya me kucha vicAra karane ke lie yahA~ tona vAto kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai--1. zAkhAnirdeza, 2. prAcIna se prAcIna TIkAkAroM kA samaya aura 3. anya dArzanika granthoM kI tulnaa| 1. prazasti meM jisa 'uccai garazAkhA' kA nirdeza hai vaha kAnikalo, 1. dekheM-svAmI samantabhadra, pR0 158 se Age tathA prastuta prastAvanA kA pariziSTa / 2. dekhe-prastuta prastAvanA me pR0 2 kI TippaNI 3 tathA pariziSTa / 2. hAriyaguttaM sAI ca vaMdimo hAriyaM ca sAmajjaM / / 26 // -nandisUtra kI sthavirAvalI, pR0 49 /

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yaha nizcayapUrvaka kahanA kaThina hai, to bhI kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM 'uccAnAgarI' zAkhA kA ullekha hai|' yaha zAkhA Arya 'zAntizreNika' se nikalI hai / Arya zAntizreNika Arya 'suhasti' se cauthI pIr3hI meM Ate haiN| Arya suhasti ke ziSya susthita-supratibuddha aura unake ziSya indradinna, indradinna ke ziSya dinna aura dina ke ziSya zAMtizreNika haiN| yaha zAntizreNika Arya vajra ke guru Arya siMhagiri ke gurubhAI the, isalie ve Arya vajra kI pahalI pIr3hI meM Ate haiN| Arya suhasti kA svargavAsa-kAla vIrAt 291 aura vana kA svargavAsa kAla vIrAt 584 ullikhita hai| arthAt suhasti ke svargavAsa-kAla se vajra ke svargavAsa-kAla taka 293 varSa ke bhItara pA~ca pIr3hiyA~ upalabdha hotI haiN| sarasarI taura para eka-eka pIDhI kA kAla sATha varSa kA mAna lene para suhasti se cauthI pIDhI meM honevAle zAMtizreNika kA prArambhakAla vIrAt 471 AtA hai| isa samaya ke madhya me yA kucha Age-pIche zAtizreNika se uccanAgarI zAkhA nikalI hogI / vAcaka umAsvAti zAMtizreNika kI hI uccanAgara zAkhA meM hue hai, aisA mAnakara aura isa zAkhA ke nikalane kA jo samaya anumAnita kiyA gayA hai use svIkAra karake yadi Age bar3hA jAe to bhI yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki vA0 umAsvAti isa zAkhA ke nikalane ke bAda kaba hue hai| kyoMki prazasti meM apane dIkSAguru aura vidyAguru ke jo nAma unhoMne die hai, unameM se eka bhI nAma kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM thA vaisI kisI dUsarI paTTAvalI meM nahIM miltaa| ataH umAsvAti ke samaya ke saMbaMdha meM sthavirAvalI ke AdhAra para adhika se adhika itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve vIrAt 471 arthAt vikrama saMvat ke prArambha ke lagabhaga kisI samaya hue hai, usase pahale nahI, isase adhika paricaya abhI andhakAra meM hai| 2. isa aMdhakAra meM eka aspaSTa prakAza-kiraNa tattvArthasUtra ke prAcInaTIkAkAra ke samaya sambandhI upalabdha hai, jo umAsvAti ke samaya kI anizcita uttarasImA ko maryAdita karatI hai| nayacakra aura usakI TIkA me tattvArthasUtra aura bhASya ke vAkyoM ko uddhRta kiyA gayA hai 1. therehito NaM ajjasaMtiseNiehito mADharasaguhito ettha raNaM uccAnAgarI sAhA niggayA |-klpsuutrsthviraavlii, pR0 55 / Arya zAntizreNika kI pUrva paramparA jAnane ke lie isase Age ke kalpasUtra ke pRSTha dekhane caahie|

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-pR0 19,114, 596 / nayacakra kA samaya paraMparA-mAnya vi0 484 zrI jambUvijayajI ne svIkRta kiyA hai-nayacakra kA prAkkathana pa0 23, prastAvanA pR0 60 / svopajJa-bhASya ko yadi alaga rakhA jAe to tattvArthasUtra para upalabdha sIdhI TIkAo meM AcArya pUjyapAda kI sarvArthasiddhi sabase prAcIna hai| pUjyapAda kA samaya vidvAnoM ne vikrama kI pA~cavI-chaThI zatAbdI nirdhArita kiyA hai| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki sUtrakAra vA0 umAsvAti vikrama kI pAMcavI zatAbdI se pUrva kisI samaya hue haiM / ukta vicArasaraNI ke anusAra vA0 umAsvAti kA prAcIna se prAcIna samaya vikrama kI pahalI zatAbdI aura arvAcIna se arvAcIna samaya tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI nizcita hotA hai| ina tIna-cAra sau varSoM ke bIca umAsvAti kA nizcita samaya zodhane kA kAma zeSa raha jAtA hai / 3. samaya-sambandhI isa sambhAvanA meM aura bhAvI zodha meM upayogI par3anevAlI kucha vizeSa bAteM bhI hai jo unake tattvArthasUtra aura bhASya ke sAtha dUsare darzanoM tathA jaina-Agama kI tulanA meM se niSpanna hotI haiN| unheM bhI yahA~ diyA jAtA hai| aisI bAta nahI hai ki ye bAteM sIdhe taura para samaya kA ThIka nirNaya karane meM isa samaya sahAyaka hoM, phira bhI yadi dUsare Thosa pramANa mila jAe~ to ina bAtoM kA mahattvapUrNa upayoga hone meM koI sandeha nahIM hai| isa samaya to ye bAteM bhI hameM umAsvAti ke uparyukta anumAnita samaya kI ora hI le jAtI hai|| (ka) jaina-Agama 'uttarAdhyayana' kaNAda ke sUtro se pUrva kA honA cAhie, aisI sambhAvanA paraMparA-dRSTi se aura anya dRSTi se bhI hotI hai| kaNAda ke sUtra prAyaH IsvI pUrva kI pahalI zatAbdI ke mAne jAte hai| jaina AgamoM ke AdhAra para racita tattvArthasUtra meM tIna satra aise haiM jinameM uttarAdhyayana kI chAyA ke atirikta kaNAda ke sUtroM kA sAdRzya dikhAI detA hai| ina tIna sUtroM meM pahalA dravya kA, dUsarA guNa kA aura tIsarA kAla kA lakSaNaviSayaka hai| uttarAdhyayana ke 28veM adhyayana kI chaThI gAthA meM dravya kA lakSaNa guNANamAsao davvaM (guNAnAmAzrayo dravyam ) arthAt jo guNoM kA Azraya vaha dravya, itanA hI hai| kaNAda dravya ke lakSaNa meM guNa ke atirikta kriyA aura samavAyikAraNatA ko samAviSTa karake kahatA hai ki kriyAguNavat samavAyikAraNamiti dravyalakSaNam-1. 1. 15. / arthAt jo kriyAvAlA, guNavAlA tathA samavAyikAraNa ho vaha dravya hai / vA0

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umAsvAti uttarAdhyayana-kathita guNapada ko kAyama rakhakara kaNAdasUtroM meM dikhAI denevAle 'kriyA' zabda kI jagaha jaina-paramparA-prasiddha 'paryAya' zabda rakhakara dravya kA lakSaNa bA~dhate hai-guNaparyAyavad dravyam-5 37 / arthAt jo guNa tathA paryAyavAlA ho vaha dravya hai| uttarAdhyayana ke 28veM adhyayana kI chaThI gAthA me guNa kA lakSaNa egadavvassiA guNA ( ekadravyAzritA guNAH) arthAt jo eka dravya ke Azrita hoM ve guNa, itanA hI hai / kaNAda ke guNalakSaNa meM vizeSa vRddhi dikhAI detI hai| vaha kahatA hai-dravyAzrayyaguNavAn saMyogavibhAgeSvakAraNamanapekSa iti guNalakSaNam-1. 1. 16 / arthAt dravya ke Azrita, nirguNa aura saMyoga-vibhAga meM anapekSa jo kAraNa nahI hotA vaha guNa hai| umAsvAti ke guNalakSaNa meM uttarAdhyayana ke guNalakSaNa ke atirikta kaNAda ke guNalakSaNa meM se eka 'nirguNa' aMza hai| ve kahate hai-dravyAzrayA niguNA guNAH-5. 40 / arthAt jo dravya ke Azrita aura nirgaNa hoM ve guNa haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke 28veM adhyayana kI dasavIM gAthA meM kAla kA lakSaNa vattaNAlakkhaNo kAlo ( vartanAlakSaNaH kAlaH) arthAt vartanA kAla kA svarUpa hai, itanA hI hai / kaNAda ke kAlalakSaNa meM 'vartanA' pada to nahI hai, parantu dUsare zabdoM ke sAtha 'apara' zabda dikhAI detA hai-aparismannaparaM yugapacciraM kSipramiti kAlaliGgAni-2. 26 / umAsvAti-kRta kAlalakSaNa meM 'vartanA' pada ke atirikta jo dUsare pada dikhAI dete hai unameM 'paratva' aura 'aparatva' ye do zabda bhI haiM, jaise ki vartanA pariNAmaH kriyA paratvAparatve ca kAlasya-5. 22 / Upara die hue dravya, guNa tathA kAla ke lakSaNavAle tattvArtha ke tIna sUtroM ke lie uttarAdhyayana ke atirikta kisI prAcIna zvetAmbara jainaAgama arthAt aMga kA utanA hI zAbdika AdhAra aba taka dekhane me nahI AyA, parantu vikrama kI pahalI dUsarI zatAbdI ke mAne jAnevAle kundakunda ke prAkRta vacanoM ke sAtha tattvArtha ke saMskRta sUtroM kA kahI to pUrNa aura kahIM bahuta hI kama sAdRzya hai| zvetAmbara sUtrapATha me dravya ke lakSaNavAle do hI sUtra hai : utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat-5. 29 tathA guNa 1. dravya-lakSaNa-viSayaka vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie dekhe-pramANamImAMsA, bhASATippaNa, pR0 54; nyAyAvatAravAtikavRtti, kI prastAvanA, pR0 25, 104,119 /

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- 10 - paryAyavad dravyam-5. 37 / ina donoM ke atirikta dravya kA lakSaNaviSayaka eka tIsarA sUtra digambara sUtrapATha meM hai-sad dravyalakSaNam-5. 29 / ye tInoM digambara sUtrapAThagata sUtra kundakunda ke paMcAstikAya kI nimna prAkRta gAthA meM pUrNarUpa se vidyamAna hai : davvaM sallakkhaNiyaM uppAdavvayadhuvattasaMjuttaM / guNapajjayAsayaM vA jaM taM bhaNNaMti savvaNhU // 10 // isake atirikta kundakunda ke prasiddha granthoM ke sAtha tattvArthasUtra kA jo zAbdika tathA vastugata mahattvapUrNa sAdRzya hai, vaha Akasmika to nahI hI hai| (kha ) upalabdha 'yogasUtra' ke racayitA patajali mAne jAte hai| vyAkaraNa-mahAbhASya ke kartA pataMjali hI yogasUtrakAra haiM yA dUsare koI pataMjali, isa viSaya meM abhI nizcayapUrvaka nahI kahA jA sktaa| yadi mahAbhASyakAra aura yogasUtrakAra pataMjali eka haiM to yogasUtra vikrama pUrva pahalo-dUsarI zatAbdI kI racanA mAnI jA sakatI hai| yogasUtra kA 'vyAsabhASya' kaba kI racanA hai yaha bhI nizcita nahI, phira bhI use vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdo se prAcIna mAnane kA koI kAraNa nahI hai| yogasUtra aura usake bhASya ke sAtha tattvArtha ke sUtroM aura unake bhASya kA zAbdika tathA Arthika sAdRzya bahuta hai aura vaha AkarSaka bhI hai, to bhI ina donoM meM se kisI eka para dUsare kA prabhAva hai yaha ThIkaThIka kahanA sambhava nahI, kyoki tattvArthasUtra aura bhASya ko yogadarzana se prAcIna jaina AgamagranthoM kI virAsata milI hai, usI prakAra yogasUtra aura usake bhASya ko purAtana sAkhya, yoga tathA bauddha Adi paramparAo kI virAsata prApta hai| phira bhI tattvArtha-bhASya meM eka sthala aisA hai jo jaina agagranthoM meM isa samaya taka upalabdha nahI hai aura yogasUtra ke bhASya me upalabdha hai| pahale nimita haI Aya kama bhI ho sakatI hai arthAt bIca meM TUTa bhI sakatI hai aura nahIM bhI, aisI carcA jaina aMgagranthoM me hai / parantu isa carcA meM Ayu ke TUTane ke pakSa ko upapatti karane ke lie bhIge kapar3e tathA sUkhI ghAsa kA udAharaNa aMgagrantho me nahI, tattvArtha-bhASya meM ye 1. isake savistara paricaya ke lie dekheM-hindo yogadarzana kI prastAvanA, pRSTha 52 tathA aage|

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donoM udAharaNa hai jo yogasUtra ke bhASya meM bhI haiN| vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki dono bhASyoM meM zAbdika sAdRzya bhI bahuta adhika hai| eka vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki gaNita-viSayaka eka tIsarA udAharaNa tattvArthasUtra ke bhASya meM pAyA jAtA hai jisakA yogasUtra ke bhASya meM astitva taka nahIM hai| donoM bhASyoM kA pATha kramaza: isa prakAra hai : ".. zeSA manuSyAstiryagyonijAH sopakramA nirupakramAzvApavAyuSo'napavAyuSazca bhavanti / 'apavartanaM zIghramantarmuhUrtAtkarmaphalopabhoga upakramo'pavartananimittam / * sahatazuSkatRNarAzidahanavat / yayAhi saMhatasya zuSkasyApi tRNarAzeravayavazaH krameNa dahyamAnasya cireNa dAho bhavati tasyaiva zithilaprakorNApacitasya sarvato yugapadAdIpitasya pavanopakramAbhihatasyAzudAho bhavati / tadvat / yathA vA sakhyAnAcAryaH karaNalAghavArtha guNakArabhAgahArAbhyAM rAzi chedAdevApavartayati na ca saMkhyeyasyArthasyAbhAvo bhavati tadvadupakramAbhihato maraNasamuddhAtadu khAtaH karmapratyayamanAbhogapUrvakaM karaNavizeSamutpAdya phalopabhogalAghavArtha karmApavartayati na cAsya phalAbhAva iti / ki cAnyat-yathA vA dhautapaTo jalAdraM eva ca vitAnitaH sUryarazmivAyvabhihataH kSipraM zauSamupayAti na ca saMhate tasmin prabhUtasnehAgamo nApi vitAnite'kRtsnazoSa ta had yathoktanimittApavartanaiH karmaNaH kSipraM phalopabhogo bhavati / na ca kRtapraNAzAkRtAbhyAgamAphalyAni |"-tttvaarth-bhaassy, 2.52 / / "AyavipAka karma dvividhaM sopakrama nirupakama ca / tatra yathArdra vastraM vitAnitaM hasIyasA kAlena zuSyettathA sopakramama / yathA ca tadeva saMpiNDitaM cireNa saMzuSyedevaM nirupakramam / yathA vAgniH zuSke kakSe mukto vAtena samantato yuktaH kSepIyasA kAlena dahet tathA sopakramam / yathA vA sa evAgnistaNarAzau kramazo'vayaveSa nyastazvireNa daheta tathA nirupakramama / tadaikabhavikamAyuSkara karma dvividhaM sopakramaM nirupakramaM ca |"-yogbhaassy, 3.22 / (ga) akSapAda kA 'nyAyadarzana' lagabhaga IsvI san ke Arambha kA mAnA jAtA hai| usakA 'vAtsyAyananASya' dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI ke bhASyakAla kI prAthamika kRtiyoM meM se eka hai| isa kRti ke kucha zabda aura viSaya tattvArthabhASya meM milate haiN| nyAyadarzana (1.1.3 ) mAnya pramANacatuSkavAda kA nirdeza tattvArtha a0 1 sU0 6 aura 35 ke bhASya meM

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milatA hai|' tattvArtha 1.12 ke bhASya meM arthApatti, sabhava aura abhAva Adi pramANoM ke bheda kA nirasana nyAyadarzana (2.1.1.) Adi ke jaisA hI hai| nyAyadarzana meM pratyakSa ke lakSaNa meM indriyArthasannikarSAtpannam ( 1. 1. 4 ) ye zabda haiN| tattvArtha 1.12 ke bhASya meM arthApatti Adi bhinna mAne gae pramANoM ko mati aura zrutajJAna meM samAviSTa karate hae inhIM zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yathA sarvANyetAni matizrutayoranta tAni indriyArthasannikarSanimittatvAt / isI prakAra pataMjali-mahAbhASya aura nyAyadarzana ( 1. 1. 15) Adi meM 'paryAya' zabda ke sthAna para 'anarthAntara' zabda ke prayoga kI paddhati tattvArthasUtra ( 1. 13 ) meM bhI hai| (gha ) bauddha-darzana kI zUnyavAda, vijJAnavAda Adi zAkhAoM ke viziSTa maMtavyoM athavA zabdoM kA ullekha jaisA sarvArthasiddhi meM hai, vaisA tattvArthabhASya meM nahI hai, to bhI bauddhadarzana ke thor3e se sAmAnya mantavya taMtrAntara ke mantavyoM ke rUpa meM do-eka sthala para Ate haiN| ve mantavya pAlipiTaka se lie gae haiM yA mahAyAna ke saMskRta piTakoM se athavA tadviSayaka kisI dUsare hI grantha se, yaha vicAraNIya hai| unameM pahalA ullekha jainamata ke anusAra narakabhUmiyoM kI sakhyA batalAte hue bauddhasammata saMkhyA kA khaMDana karane ke lie A gayA hai| vaha isa prakAra hai-api ca tantrAntarIyA asaMkhyeSu lokadhAtuSvasaMkhyeyAH pathivIprastArA itydhyvsitaaH| -tattvArthabhASya, 3 1 / dusarA ullekha jainamata ke anusAra pudgala kA lakSaNa batalAte hue bauddhasammata pudgala zabda ke artha kA nirAkaraNa karate hue AyA hai / yathA pudgalA iti ca taMtrAntarIyA~ jIvAn paribhASante-a0 5 sU023 kA utthAnabhASya ! 1. pratyakSAnumAnopamAnazabdAH pramANAni / -nyAyadarzana, 1. 1.3 / caturvidhamityeke nayavAdAntareNa-tattvArthabhASya, 1. 6. aura yathA vA pratyakSAnu mAnopamAnAptavacanaiH pramAragareko'rthaH pramIyate / -tattvArthabhASya, 1. 35 / 2 dekhe-1 1 56; 2 3.1. aura 5. 1. 59 kA mahAbhASya / 3. yadyapi jaina Agama ( bhagavatI za 8, u. 3 aura za 20, u. 2) me 'pudgala' zabda jIva artha me bhI prayukta huA hai, kintu jaina-darzana kI paribhASA to

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13 - ( kha ) umAsvAti kI yogyatA umAsvAti ke pUrvavartI jainAcAryo ne saMskRta bhASA meM likhane kI zakti kA yadi vikAsa na kiyA hotA aura likhane kA praghAta zurU na kiyA hotA to prAkRta paribhASA me rUDha sAmpradAyika vicAroM ko umAsvAti itanI prasanna saMskRta zailI me saphalatApUrvaka nibaddha kara sakate athavA nahIM, yaha eka prazna hI hai, to bhI upalabdha samagra jaina vAGmaya kA itihAsa to yahI kahatA hai ki jainAcAryo meM umAsvAti hI prathama saskRta lekhaka hai| unake granthoM kI prasanna, saMkSipta aura zuddha zailI saMskRta bhASA para unake prabhutva kI sAkSI hai / jaina Agama meM prasiddha jJAna, jJeya, AcAra, bhUgola, khagola Adi se sambaddha bAtoM kA sakSepa meM jo sagraha unhoMne tattvArthAdhigama-sUtra me kiyA hai vaha unake 'vAcaka' vaMza meM hone kA aura vAcaka - pada kI yathArthatA kA pramANa hai / unake tattvArtha-bhASya kI prAraMbhika kArikAoM tathA dUsarI padyakRtiyo se spaSTa hai ki ve gadya kI taraha padya ka bhI prAMjala lekhaka the / unake sabhASya sUtro ke sUkSma avalokana se jaina Agama sabaMdhI unake sarvagrAhI adhyayana ke atirika vaizeSika, nyAya, yoga aura bauddha Adi dArzanika sAhitya ke adhyayana kI pratIti hotI hai / tattvArthabhASya ( 1.5 2.15 ) meM uddhRta vyAkaraNa ke sUtra unake pANinIya vyAkaraNa-viSayaka adhyayana ke paricAyaka haiM / yadyapi zvetAmbara sampradAya meM inakI prasiddhi pA~ca sau graMthoM ke racayitA ke rUpa meM hai aura isa samaya inakI kRtirUpa meM kucha grantha prasiddha bhI haiM, tathApi isa viSaya meM Aja saMtoSajanaka kucha bhI kahane kI sthiti nahIM hai / aisI sthiti meM bhI 'prazamarati kI bhASA aura vicArasaraNI 2 mAtra jar3a paramANu aura tannirmita skaMdha ke rUpa me hI prasiddha hai / bauddha darzana kI paribhASA jIva artha me hI prasiddha hai / isI bheda ko lakSya me rakhakara vAcaka ne yahA~ 'tantrAntarIya' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / 1. jambUdvIpasamAsaprakaraNa, pUjAprakaraNa, zrAvakaprajJapti, kSetravicAra, prazamarati / siddhasena apanI vRtti me ( pR0 78, paM0 2 ) unake 'zaucaprakaraNa' nAmaka graMtha kA ullekha karate haiM, jo isa samaya upalabdha nahI hai / 2. vRttikAra siddhasena 'prazamarati' ko bhASyakAra kI hI kRti batalAte hai / yathA - 'yataH prazamaratau ( kA0 208 ) anenaivoktam -- paramANurapradezo varNAdiguNeSu bhajanIya. / ' 'vAcakena tvetadeva balasaMjJayA prazamaratau (kA0 80 ) upAttam' - 5.6 tathA 9.6 kI bhASyavRtti / -- -

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tathA siddhasena Adi ke ullekha se usakI umAsvAti-kartRkatA nizcita rUpa se siddha hotI hai| umAsvAti apane ko 'vAcaka' kahate hai, isakA artha 'pUrvavit' kara ke pahale se hI zvetAmbarAcArya umAsvAti ko 'pUrvavit' rUpa se pahacAnate Ae haiM / digambara-paramparA meM bhI unako 'zrutakelidezIya' kahA gayA hai| tathA siddha sena bhASyakAra aura sUtrakAra ko eka hI samajhate hai / yathA - svakRtasUtrasaMnivezamAzrityoktam / -9. 22, pR0 253 / iti zrImadarhatpravacane tattvArthAdhigame umAsvAtivAca ropajJasUtrabhASye bhASyAnusAriNyAM ca TIkAyAM siddhasenagaNiviracitAyAM anagArAgAridharmaprarUpakaH saptamo. 'dhyAyaH / --tattvArthabhASya ke sAtave adhyAya kI TIkA kI pusspikaa| aise anya ullekhoM ke lie Age--(ga) umAsvAti kI paramparA' nAmaka upazIrSaka, pR0 15 / prazamaratiprakaraNa kI 120vI kArikA 'AcArya pAha' kahakara nizIthacUrNi me uddhRta hai / isa cUrNi ke praNetA jinadAsa mahattara kA samaya vikrama kI AThavI zatAbdI hai jisakA nirdeza unhone apanI nandisUtra ko cUrNi meM kiyA hai| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki prazamarati vizeSa prAcIna hai| isase tathA Upara nirdiSTa kAraNoM se isa kRti ke vAcaka kI hone meM koI bAdhA nahI hai / 1. pUrvo ke caudaha hone kA samavAyAga Adi AgamoM me varNana hai| aisA bhI ullekha hai ki ve dRSTivAda nAmaka bArahave aGga kA pA~cavA~ bhAga jAnate the| pUrvazruta arthAt bha0 mahAvIra dvArA sarvaprathama diyA huA upadeza-aisI paramparAgata mAnyatA hai / pazcima ke vidvAno kI isa viSaya me kalpanA hai ki bha0 pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA jo pUrvakAlIna zruta bha0 mahAvIra ko athavA unake ziSyo ko milA vaha pUrvazruta hai / yaha zruta kramaza. bha0 mahAvIra ke upadiSTa zruta me hI mila gayA aura usI kA eka bhAga mAnA gayA / jo bha0 mahAvIra kI dvAdazAgI ke dhAraka the ve isa pUrvazruta ko jAnate the / kaNThastha rakhane kI paramparA tathA anya kAraNoM se pUrvazruta kramaza. naSTa ho gayA aura Aja 'pUrvagatagAthA' rUpa me nAmamAtra se zeSa ullikhita milatA hai| 'pUrva' ke AdhAra para bane kucha grantha milate hai / 2. nagara tAllukA ke eka digambara zilAlekha naM0 46 me inhe 'zrutakevalidezIya' kahA gayA hai / yathA tattvArthasUtrakartAramumAsvAtimunIzvaram / zrutakevalidezIyaM vande'haM guNamandirama / /

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tattvArtha inake gyAraha aMga viSayaka zrutajJAna kI to pratIti karA hI rahA hai| isase inakI aisI yogyatA ke viSaya meM to koI sadeha nahIM hai| inhoMne virAsata meM prApta Aheta zruta ke sabhI padArtho kA saMgraha tattvArtha meM kiyA hai; eka bhI mahattvapUrNa bAta inhoMne binA kathana kiye nahI koDI. isI kAraNa AcArya hemacandra saMgrahakAra ke rUpa meM umAsvAti kA sthAna sarvotkRSTa A~kate haiM / isI yogyatA ke kAraNa inake tattvArtha kI vyAkhyA karane ke lie zvetAmbara-digambara AcArya prerita hue hai| (ga) umAsvAti kI paramparA digambara vAcaka umAsvAti ko apanI paramparA kA mAnakara mAtra tattvArthasUtra ko hI inakI racanA svIkAra karate hai, jaba ki zvetAmbara inhe apanI paramparA kA mAnate hai aura tattvArthasUtra ke atirikta bhASya ko bhI inakI kRti svIkAra karate hai / aba prazna yaha hai ki umAsvAti digambara paramparA meM hue haiM yA zvetAmbara paramparA meM athavA donoM se bhinna kisI anya paramparA meM hue hai ? isa prazna kA uttara bhASya ke kartatva viSayaka nirNaya se mila jAtA hai| bhASya svayaM umAsvAti kI kRti hai, yaha bAta pramANoM se nirvivAda siddha hai| 1. bhASya kI upalabdha TIkAo meM sabase prAcIna TIkA siddhasena kI hai| usameM svopajJatAsUcaka ullekha ye hai : pratijJAtaM cAnena "jJAnaM vakSyAmaH" iti / atastanurodhenaikavacanaM cakAra aacaaryH| -prathama bhAga, pR0 69 zAstIti ca granthakAra eva dvidhA AtmAnaM vibhajya sUtrakArabhASyakArAkAreNaivamAha -pR072 sUtrakArAdavibhaktopi hi bhaassykaaro|-pR0 205 iti zrImadarhatpravacane tattvArthAdhigame umAsvAtivAcakopajJasUtrabhASye bhASyAnusAriNyAM ca TIkAyAM ..|dvitiiy bhAga, pR0 120 1. tattvArtha me vaNita viSayo ke mUla ko jAnane ke lie dekheM.-u0 AtmArAmajI dvArA sampAdita tattvArthasUtra-jainAgamasamanvaya / 2. upomAsvAti saMgRhItAra. |--siddhhem, 2. 2. 31 / 3. dekhe-'bhAratIya vidyA' ke sidhI smAraka aMka meM zrI nAthUrAmajI premI kA lekha, pR0 128 jisameM unhoMne bhASya ko svopajJa siddha kiyA hai /

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16 2. bhASyagata antima kArikAoM meM se AThavI kArikA ko yAkinIsUnu haribhadrAcAryaM ne zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM umAsvAtikartRka rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai / - 3. bhASya kI prArambhika aMgabhUta kArikA ke vyAkhyAna meM A0 devagupta bhI sUtra aura bhASya ko eka- kartRka sUcita karate haiM ( dekheM -- kA0 1-2 ) / 1 4. prArambhika kArikAoM meM aura kucha sthAnoM para bhASya meM bhI vakSyAmi, vakSyAmaH Adi prathama puruSa kA nirdeza hai aura isa nirdeza meM kI gaI pratijJA ke anusAra hI bAda meM sUtra meM kathana kiyA gayA hai / 5 bhASya ko prArambha se anta taka dekha jAne para eka bAta ja~catI hai ki kahI sUtra kA artha karane meM zabdoM kI khIMcatAna nahIM huI, kahIM sUtra kA artha karane meM sandeha yA vikalpa nahIM kiyA gayA, na sUtra kI kisI dUsarI vyAkhyA ko mana meM rakhakara sUtra kA artha kiyA gayA aura na kahIM sUtra ke pAThabheda kA hI avalambana liyA gayA hai / yaha vastu-sthiti sUtra aura bhASya ke eka kartRka hone kI cirakAlIna mAnyatA ko satya siddha karatI hai / jahA~ mUla granthakAra aura TIkAkAra alagaalaga hote haiM vahA~ tattvajJAna viSayaka pratiSThita tathA aneka sampradAyoM meM mAnya granthoM meM Upara jaisI vastu-sthiti nahIM hotI / udAharaNArtha vaidika darzana meM pratiSThita grantha 'brahmasUtra' ko lIjie / yadi isakA racayitA svayaM hI vyAkhyAkAra hotA to isake bhASya meM zabdoM kI khIMcatAna, artha ke vikalpa aura artha kA sadeha tathA sUtra kA pAThabheda kadApi na dikhAI 1. tattvArthAdhigamAkhyaM bahvarthaM saMgrahaM laghugrantham / vakSyAmi ziSyahitamimamarhadvacanaikadezasya // 22 // na ca mokSamArgAd vratopadezo'sti jagati kRtsne'smin / tasmAtparamimameveti mokSamArga pravakSyAmi // 31 // 2. guNAn lakSaNato vakSyAmaH / - 5. 37 kA bhAvya, agalA sUtra 5. 40 / anAdirAdimAMzca taM parastAdvakSyAmaH / - 5. 22 kA bhASya, agalA sUtra 5. 42 / 3. agastyasiha ne dazavaikAlikacUrNi me umAsvAti kA nAma dekara sUtra aura bhASya kA uddharaNa diyA hai- pR0 85 / nayacakra mUla me bhASya uddhRta hai- pR0 596 / For Private Personal Use Only

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- 17 - pdd'taa| isI prakAra tattvArthasUtra ke praNetA ne hI yadi 'sarvArthasiddhi'. 'rAjavArtika' aura 'zlokavArtika' Adi koI vyAkhyA likhI hotI to unameM artha kI khIMcatAna, zabda kI tor3a-maror3a, adhyAhAra, artha kA saMdeha aura pAThabheda' kabhI na dikhAI dete| yaha vastu-sthiti nizcita rUpa se eka-kartRka mUla tathA TIkA-granthoM ko dekhane se samajha meM A sakatI hai| yaha carcA hameM mUla tathA bhASya kA kartA eka hone kI mAnyatA kI nizcita bhUmikA para lAkara chor3a detI hai / mUla granthakAra aura bhASyakAra eka hI haiM, yaha nizcaya isa prazna ke hala karane meM bahuta upayogI hai ki ve kisa paramparA ke the| umAsvAti digambara paramparA ke nahI the, aisA nizcaya karane ke lie nIce kI yuktiyA~ kAphI haiM : 1. prazasti meM ullikhita uccanAgara zAkhA yA nAgarazAkhA kA digambara sampradAya meM hone kA eka bhI pramANa nahIM miltaa| 2. 'kAla' kisI ke mata se vAstavika dravya hai, aisA sUtra (5. 38) aura usake bhASya kA varNana digambara mata (5. 39) ke viruddha hai| kevalI meM (9.11) gyAraha parISaha hone kI sUtra aura bhASyagata sIdhI mAnyatA eva bhASyagata vastra-pAtrAdi kA spaSTa ullekha bhI digambara paramparA ke viruddha hai (9 5,9. 7, 9. 26) / siddhoM meM liMgadvAra aura tIrthadvAra kA bhASyagata vaktavya digambara paramparA ke viparIta hai| 3. bhASya meM kevalajJAna ke pazcAt kevalI ke dUsarA upayoga mAnane na mAnane kA jo mantavya-bheda (1.31 ) hai vaha digambara granthoM meM nahIM dikhAI detaa| uparyukta yuktiyoM se yadyapi yaha siddha hotA hai ki vAcaka umAsvAti digambara paramparA ke nahIM the tathApi yaha dekhanA to raha hI jAtA hai ki ve kisa paramparA ke the| nimna yuktiyAM unheM zvetAmbara paramparA kI ora le jAtI haiM : ____1. prazasti meM ullikhita uccanAgara zAkhA zvetAmbara paTTAvalI meM milatI hai| 1. udAharaNArtha dekhe -"caramadehA iti vA pATha."-sarvArthasiddhi, 2. 53 / "athavA ekAdaza jine na santIti vAkyazeSaH kalpanIyaH sopaskAratvAt sUtrANAm"-sarvArthasiddhi, 9. 11 / 2. dekheM-prastuta prastAvanA, pR0 4 tathA 6-7 /

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- 18 - 2. amuka viSaya-sambandhI matabheda yA virodha batalAte hae bhI koI aise prAcIna yA arvAcIna zvetAmbara AcArya nahIM haiM jinhoMne digambara AcAryoM kI bhA~ti bhASya ko amAnya kahA ho| 3. jise umAsvAti kI kRti mAnane meM sandeha kA avakAza nahIM usa prazamarati grantha meM muni ke vastra-pAtra kA vyavasthita nirUpaNa hai, jise zvetAmbara paramparA nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra karatI hai| 4. umAsvAti ke vAcakavaMza kA ullekha aura usI vaMza meM honevAle anya AcAryoM kA varNana zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyoM, pannavaNA aura nandI kI sthavirAvalI meM milatA hai| ye yuktiyA~ vAcaka umAsvAti ko zvetAmbara paramparA kA siddha karatI haiM aura samasta zvetAmbara AcArya pahale se unhe apanI hI paramparA kA mAnate Ae haiN| vAcaka umAsvAti zvetAmbara paramparA meM hue aura digambara paramparA meM nahI, aisA svayaM merA mantavya bhI adhika adhyayanacintana ke bAda sthira huA hai| isa mantavya kI vizeSa spaSTatA ke lie digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda viSayaka itihAsa ke kucha praznoM para prakAza DAlanA jarUrI hai| pahalA prazna yaha hai ki isa samaya digambara-zvetAmbara ke bheda yA virodha kA viSaya jo zruta tathA AcAra hai usakI prAcIna jar3a kahA~ taka milatI hai aura vaha mukhyatayA kisa bAta meM thI ? dUsarA prazna yaha hai ki ukta donoM sampradAyoM ko samAna rUpa se mAnya zruta thA yA nahI, aura thA to vaha samAna mAnyatA kA viSaya kaba taka rahA, usameM matabheda kaba se praviSTa huA tathA usa matabheda ke antima pariNAmasvarUpa eka-dUsare ke lie paraspara pUrNarUpeNa amAnya zrutabheda kaba paidA huA ? tIsarA aura antima prazna yaha hai ki umAsvAti svayaM kisa paramparA ke AcAra kA pAlana karate the aura unhoMne jisa zruta ko AdhAra mAnakara tattvArtha kI racanA kI vaha zrata ukta donoM sampradAyoM ko samAna rUpa se pUrNatayA mAnya thA yA kisI eka sampradAya ko hI pUrNarUpeNa mAnya thA aura dUsare ko pUrNarUpeNa amAnya thA ? 1. jo bhI aitihAsika sAmagrI isa samaya prApta hai usase nirvivAdarUpeNa itanA spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra pApitya 1. dekhe-kA0 135 aura aage|

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19 1 paramparA meM hue the aura unhoMne zithila yA madhyama tyAga mArga meM apane utkaTa tyAgamArgamaya vyaktitva dvArA navajIvana kA saMcAra kiyA thA / meM virodha aura udAsInabhAva rakhanevAle aneka pArzvasantAnika sAdhu va zurU zrAvaka bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana meM mila ge| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI nAyakatvocita udAra kintu tAttvika dRSTi se apane zAsana meM una donoM daloM kA sthAna nizcita kiyA jinameM se eka bilakula nagnajIvIM tathA utkaTa vihArI thA aura dUsarA madhyamamArgI thA jo bilakula nagna nahIM thA / dono daloM kA bilakula nagna rahane yA na rahane ke viSaya meM tathA anya AcAroM meM thor3A-bahuta antara rahA, phira bhI vaha bhagavAn ke vyaktitva ke kAraNa virodha kA rUpa dhAraNa nahI kara pAyA / utkaTa aura madhyama tyAgamArga ke isa prAcIna samanvaya me hI vartamAna digambara zvetAmbara bheda kI jar3a hai / - usa prAcIna samaya meM jaina paramparA meM digambara zvetAmbara jaise zabda nahIM the, phira bhI AcArabheda ke sUcaka nagna, acela ( utta0 23. 13, 29 ), jinakalpika, pANipratigraha ( kalpasUtra, 9. 28 ), pANipAtra Adi zabda utkaTa tyAgavAle dala ke lie tathA sacela, pratigrahadhArI ( kalpasUtra, 9.31 ), sthavirakalpa ( kalpasUtra, 9. 63 ) Adi zabda madhyamatyAgavAle dala ke lie milate haiM / 1. AcArAMga, sUtra 178 / 2. kAlAsavesiyaputta ( bhagavatI, 19 ), kezI ( uttarAdhyayana, adhyayana 23 ), udakapeDhAlaputta ( sUtrakRtAGga, 2. 7 ), gAMgeya ( bhagavatI, 9. 32 ) ityAdi / vizeSa ke lie dekheM - 'utthAna' kA mahAvIrAMka, pR0 58 / kucha pAvapatyoM ne to paMcamahAvrata aura pratikramaNa ke sAtha nagnatva bhI svIkAra kiyA thA, aisA ullekha Aja taka aMgoM me surakSita hai / udAharaNArtha dekheM- bhagavatI, 1. 9 / 3. AcArAMga meM sacela aura acela donoM prakAra ke muniyoM kA varNana hai / acela muni ke varNana ke lie prathama zrutaskandha ke chaThe adhyayana ke 183 se Age ke sUtra aura sacela muni ke vastraviSayaka AcAra ke lie dvitIya zrutaskandha kA 5vA~ adhyayana draSTavya hai / sacela tathA acela donoM muni moha ko kaise jIteM, isake rocaka varNana ke lie dekheM - AcArAMga, 18 / 4. dekheM --- uttarAdhyayana, a0 23 /

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- 20 - 2. ina do daloM meM AcAra-viSayaka bheda hote hue bhI bhagavAn ke zAsana ke mukhya prANarUpa zruta meM koI bheda nahI thA, dAnoM dala bAraha aga ke rUpa meM mAnya tatkAlIna zruta ko samAna rUpa se mAnate the| AcAraviSayaka kucha bheda aura zrutaviSayaka pUrNa abheda kI yaha sthiti taratamabhAva se mahAvIra ke bAda lagabhaga Der3ha sau varSa taka rhii| isa bIca meM bhI donoM dalo ke aneka yogya AcAryoM ne usI aMga-zruta ke AdhAra para choTe-bar3e granthoM kI racanA kI thI jinako sAmAnyarUpa se dono daloM ke anugAmI tathA vizeSarUpa se usa-usa grantha ke racayitA ke ziSyagaNa mAnate the aura apane-apane guru-praguru kI kRti samajhakara usa para vizeSa jora dete the / ve hI grantha aMgabAhya, anaMga yA upAMga rUpa me vyavahRta hue|' dAnoM daloM kI zruta ke viSaya me itanI adhika niSThA va prAmANikatA rahI ki jisase aMga aura aMgabAhya kA prAmANya samAna rUpa se mAnane para bhI kisI ne aMga aura anaMga-zruta kI bhedaka rekhA ko gauNa nahI kiyA jo ki donoM daloM ke vartamAna sAhitya meM Aja bhI sthira hai| eka ora acela-sacela Adi AcAra kA pUrvakAlIna matabheda jo pArasparika sahiSNutA tathA samanvaya ke kAraNa dabA huA thA, dhIre-dhIre tIvra hotA gayA aura dUsarI ora usI AcAraviSayaka matabheda kA samarthana donoM dalavAle mukhyatayA aMga-zruta ke AdhAra para karane lage aura sAtha hI apane-apane dala ke dvArA racita vizeSa aMgabAhya zruta kA upayoga bhI usake samarthana meM karane lge| isa prakAra mukhyatayA AcArabheda meM se jo dalabheda sthira huA usake kAraNa sAre zAsana meM aneka gar3abar3iyAM paidA huii| phalasvarUpa pATaliputra kI vAcanA ( vI0 ni0 160 ke lagabhaga) huii|2 isa vAcanA taka aura isake Age bhI aisA abhinna aga-zruta rahA jise donoM dala samAna rUpa se mAnate the, para kahate jAte the ki usa mUlazruta kA kramazaH hrAsa hotA jA rahA hai| sAtha hI ve apane-apane abhimata-AcAra ke poSaka granthoM kA bhI nirmANa karate rahe / isI AcArabheda-poSaka zruta ke dvArA antataH usa prAcIna abhinna aMga-zruta meM matabheda kA janma huA, jo Arambha meM artha karane meM thA para 1. dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, prajJApanA, anuyogadvAra, Avazyaka, RSibhASita aadi| 2. pariziSTaparva, sarga 9 zloka 55 tathA Age, vIranirvANasaMvat aura jainakAlagaNanA, pR0 94 /

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21 Age jAkara pAThabheda kI tathA prakSepa Adi kI kalpanA meM pariNata ho gayA / isa prakAra AcArabhedajanaka vicArabheda ne usa abhinna aMgazrutaviSayaka donoM daloM kI samAna mAnyatA meM bhI antara paidA kiyA / isase eka dala to yaha mAnane- manavAne lagA ki vaha abhinna mUla aMgazruta bahuta aMzoM meM lupta hI ho gayA hai / jo hai vaha bhI kRtrimatA tathA naye prakSepoM se rikta nahIM hai, aisA kahakara bhI usa dala ne usa mUla aMgazruta ko sarvathA choDa nahI diyA / lekina sAtha hI sAtha apane AcArapoSaka zruta kA vizeSa nirmANa karane lagA aura usake dvArA apane pakSa kA pracAra bhI karatA rahA / dUsare dala ne dekhA ki pahalA dala usa mUla aMgazruta meM kRtrimatA ke samAviSTa ho jAne kA AkSepa bhI karatA hai para vaha use sarvathA chor3atA bhI nahIM aura na usakI rakSA meM sahayoga hI detA hai / yaha dekhakara dUsare dala ne mathurA meM eka sammelana Ayojita kiyA / usame mULa aMgazruta ke sAtha apane mAnya aMgabAhya zruta kA pAThanizcaya, vargIkaraNa aura sakSepa - vistAra Adi kiyA gayA, jo usa sammelana meM bhAga lenevAle sabhI sthaviroM ko prAyaH mAnya rahA / yadyapi isa aMga aura anaga-zruta kA yaha nava-saMskaraNa thA tathA usameM aMga aura anaMga kI bhedaka rekhA hone para bhI aga meM anaMga kA praveza tathA pramANa e, jo ki donoM ke samaprAmANya kA sUcaka hai, A gayA thA tathA usake vargIkaraNa tathA pAThasthApana meM bhI antara A gayA thA, phira bhI yaha nayA saMskaraNa usa mUla aMga zruta ke bahuta nikaTa thA, kyoMki isameM virodhI dala kI AcAra- poSaka ve sabhI bAteM thIM jo mUla aMgazruta meM thI / isa mAthurasaskaraNa ke samaya se to mUla aMgazruta kI samAna mAnyatA meM donoM daloM kA bar3A hI antara A gayA, jisane donoM daloM ke tIvra zrutabheda kI nIMva rkhii| acelatvasamarthaka dala kA kahanA thA ki mUla agazruta sarvathA lupta ho gayA hai, jo zruta sacela dala ke pAsa hai aura jo hamAre pAsa hai vaha saba mUla arthAt gaNadharakRta na hokara bAda ke apane-apane AcAryo dvArA racita va saMkalita hai / sacela dalavAle kahate the ki niHsandeha bAda ke AcAryoM dvArA anekavidha nayA zruta nirmita huA hai 1. vI0 ni0 827 aura 840 ke bIca | dekhe - vIranirvANasaMvat aura jainakAlagaNanA, pR0 104 / 2. jaise bhagavatIsUtra me anuyogadvAra, prajJApanA, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, jIvAbhigama aura rAjapraznIya kA ullekha hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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- 22 - aura unhoMne naI saMkalanA bhI kI hai, phira bhI mUla aMga ta ke bhAvoM meM koI parivartana yA kATa-chA~Ta nahIM kI gaI hai| bArIkI se dekhane tathA aitihAsika kasauTI para kasane para sacela dala kI bAta bahuta-kucha satya hI jAna par3atI hai, kyoki sacelatva kA samarthana karate rahane para bhI isa dala ne aMgazra ta meM se acelatvasamarthaka, acelatvapratipAdaka kisI aMza ko ur3A nahIM diyaa|' jaise acela dala kA kahanA thA ki mUla aMgazra ta lapta ho gayA vaise hI sacela dala kA kahanA thA ki jinakalpa arthAt pANipAtra yA acelatva kA jinasammata AcAra bhI kAla-bheda ke kAraNa lupta ho gayA hai| phira bhI hama dekhate hai ki sacela dala ke dvArA saMskRta, saMgahIta aura nava-saMkalita zra ta meM acelatva ke AdhArabhUta saba pATha tathA tadanukUla vyAkhyAe~ vidyamAna haiN| sacela dala dvArA avalambita aMgazruta ke mala aMgazra ta se nikaTatama hone kA pramANa yaha hai ki vaha utsargasAmAnyabhUmikAvAlA hai, jisameM acela dala ke saba apavAdoM kA yA vizeSa mArgo kA vidhAna pUrNatayA Aja bhI vidyamAna hai, jaba ki acela dala-sammata nagnatvAcAratha ta autsargika nahIM hai, kyoki vaha mAtra acelatva kA hI vidhAna karatA hai| sacela dala kA zra ta acela tathA sacela donoM AcAroM ko mokSa kA aMga mAnatA hai, vAstavika acela-AcAra kI pradhAnatA bhI svIkAra karatA hai| usakA matabheda usakI sAmayikatA mAtra meM hai, jaba ki acela dala kA zra ta sacelatva ko mokSa kA aMga hI nahI mAnatA, use bAdhaka taka mAnatA hai| aisI sthiti meM spaSTa hai ki sacela dala kA zra ta acela dala ke zru ta kI apekSA usa mUla aMgazu ta ke ati nikaTa hai| mathurA ke bAda valabhI meM punaH zruta-saMskAra huA, jisameM sthavira yA sacela dala kA rahA-sahA matabheda bhI samApta ho gyaa| para sAtha hI 1. dekhe-prastuta prastAvanA, pR0 19 kI TippaNI 3 / 2. gaNa-paramohi-pulAe AhAraga-khavaga-uvasame kappe / saMjam ti:-kevali-sijjhaNA ya jambummi vucchiNNA / / -vizeSA0 2593 / 3. sarvArthasiddhi me nagnatva ko mokSa kA mukhya aura abAdhita kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| 4. vI0 ni0 827 aura 840 ke bIca / dekheM vIranirvANasaMvat aura jainakAlagaNanA, pR0 110 / /

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- 23 - acela dala kA zra ta-viSayaka virodha ugratara ho gyaa| acela dala meM se amaka ne aba rahe-sahe audAsInya ko chor3a sacela dala ke zruta kA sarvathA bahiSkAra karane kA ThAna liyaa| 3. vAcaka umAsvAti sthavira yA sacela paramparA ke AcAravAle avazya rahe, anyathA unake bhASya evaM prazamarati grantha meM sacela dharmAnusArI pratipAdana kadApi na hotA, kyoMki acela dala ke kisI bhI pravara muni kI sacela prarUpaNA bilakula sambhava nhiiN| acela dala ke pradhAna muni kundakunda ne bhI ekamAtra acelatva kA hI nirdeza kiyA hai, ataH kundakunda ke anvaya meM honevAle kisI acela muni dvArA sacelatvapratipAdana saMgata nhiiN| prazamarati kI umAsvAti-kartRkatA bhI vizvasanIya hai| sthavira dala kI prAcIna aura vizvasta vaMzAvalI meM umAsvAti kI uccAnAgara zAkhA tathA vAcaka pada kA pAyA jAnA bhI unake sthavirapakSIya hone kA sUcaka hai| umAsvAti vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI se pAMcavIM zatAbdI taka kisI bhI samaya meM hue hoM, para unhoMne tattvArtha kI racanA ke AdhArarUpa meM jisa aMga-anaMga zruta kA avalambana kiyA thA vaha sthavirapakSa ko mAnya thaa| acela dala usake viSaya meM yA to udAsIna thA yA usakA tyAga hI kara baiThA thaa| yadi umAsvAti mAthurI-vAcanA ke kucha pUrva hue hoM taba to unake dvArA avalambita aMga aura anaMga zruta ke viSaya meM acela pakSa kA prAyaH audAsInya thaa| yadi ve vAlabhI-vAcanA ke AsapAsa hue hoM taba to unake avalambita zruta ke viSaya meM acela dala meM se amuka udAsIna hI nahIM, virodhI bhI bruna gae the| ___ yahA~ yaha prazna avazya hogA ki jaba umAsvAti dvArA avalambita zruta acela dala meM se amuka ko mAnya na thA taba usa dala ke anugAmiyoM ne tattvArtha ko itanA adhika kyoM apanAyA ? isakA uttara bhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi kI tulanA se tathA mUlasUtra se mila jAtA hai| umAsvAti jisa sacelapakSAvalaMbita zruta ke dhAraka the usameM nagnatva kA bhI pratipAdana 1. pravacanasAra, adhi0 3 / 2. vRttikAra siddhasena dvArA avalaMbita sthavirapakSIya zruta vAlabhI-vAcanAvAlA rahA, jaba ki umAsvAti dvArA avalaMbita sthavirapakSIya zruta vAlabhI-vAcanA ke pahale kA hai, jo sambhavataH mAthurI-vAcanAvAlA honA cAhie / isI se lagatA hai ki kahI-kahI siddhasena ko bhASya meM Agama-virodha-sA dikhAI diyA hai|

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- 24 - aura Adara rahA hI, jo sUtragata nAgnya (9.9 ) zabda se prakaTa hai| unake bhASya meM aMgabAhya rUpa meM jisa zruta kA nirdeza hai vaha saba sarvArthasiddhi meM nahIM AyA, kyoMki dazAzrutaskandha, kalpa, vyavahAra Adi acela pakSa ke anukUla hI nahIM haiN| vaha spaSTatayA sacela pakSa kA poSaka hai, para sarvArthasiddhi meM dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana kA nAma AtA hai, jo khAsa acela pakSa ke kisI AcArya kI kRtirUpa se nizcita na hone para bhI acela pakSa kA spaSTa virodhI nahIM hai| umAsvAti ke mUlasUtroM kI AkarSakatA tathA bhASya ko chor3a dene mAtra se sUtroM ko apane pakSAnukUla banAne kI yogyatA dekhakara hI pUjyapAda ne una sUtroM para aisI vyAkhyA likhI jisameM kevala aceladharma kA ho pratipAdana ho aura sacela dharma kA spaSTatayA nirasana ho / itanA hI nahI, pUjyapAdasvAmI ne sacelapakSAvalambita ekAdaza aMga tathA aMgabAhya zruta, jo vAlabhI-lekhana kA vartamAna rUpa hai, kA bhI spaSTatayA aprAmANya sUcita kara diyA hai / unhone kahA hai ki kevalI ko kavalAhArI mAnanA tathA mAMsa Adi grahaNa karanevAlA kahanA kramazaH kevalI-avarNavAda tathA zrutaavarNavAda hai| vastusthiti yaha pratIta hotI hai ki pUjyapAda kI sarvArthasiddhi, jisameM mukhya rUpa se aceladharma kA spaSTa pratipAdana hai, ke bana jAne ke bAda savelapakSAvalambita samagra zruta kA jaisA bahiSkAra amuka acela pakSa ne kiyA vaisA dRDha va aikAntika bahiSkAra sarvArthasiddhi kI racanA ke pUrva nahIM huA thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki sarvArthasiddhi kI racanA ke bAda acela pakSa meM sacelapakSIya zruta kA praveza nAmamAtra kA hI rahA, jaisA ki uttarakAlIna digambara vidvAnoM kI zrutapravRtti se spaSTa hai| isa sthiti meM apavAda hai jo nagaNya hai| vastutaH pUjyapAda ke AsapAsa acela aura sacela pakSa meM itanI khIMca-tAna aura pakSa-pratipakSatA bar3ha gaI thI 1. bhagavatIsUtra ( zataka 15), AcArAGga ( zolAGkaTIkAsahita, pR0 334, 335, 348, 352, 364 ), praznavyAkaraNa ( pR0 148, 150) Adi me mAsasaMbaMdhI jo pATha Ate hai unako lakSya me rakhakara sarvArthamiddhikAra ne kahA hai ki Agama me aisI bAtoM kA honA svIkAra karanA zruta-avarNavAda hai| bhagavatI ( zataka 15 ) Adi ke kevalI-AhAra varNana ko lakSya me rakhakara unhone kahA hai ki yaha kevalI kA avarNavAda hai| 2. akalaGka aura vidyAnanda Adi siddhasena ke granthoM se paricita rhe| dekheMrAjavArtika, 8. 1. 17 tathA zlokavArtika, pR0 3 /

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25 ki usI ke phalasvarUpa sarvArthasiddhi ke bana jAne tathA usake ati pratiSThita ho jAne para acela pakSa meM se tattvArtha-bhASya kA rahA-sahA sthAna bhI haTa gayA / vicAra karane para bhI isa prazna kA aba taka koI uttara nahIM milA ki jaise-taise bhI sacela pakSa ne aMgata ko abhI taka kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM samhAla rakhA, taba buddhi meM, zruta-bhakti meM aura apramAda meM jo sacela pakSa se kisI taraha kama nahI usa acela pakSa ne aMga zruta ko samUla naSTa kyoM hone diyA ? jaba ki acela pakSa ke agragAmI kundakunda, pUjyapAda, samantabhadra Adi kA itanA zruta-vistAra acela pakSa ne samhAlakara rakhA, taba koI kAraNa nahIM thA ki vaha Aja taka bhI aMgazruta ke amuka mUla bhAga ko na samhAla sakatA | aMgazruta ko chor3akara aMga bAhya kI ora dRSTipAta karane para bhI prazna rahatA hI hai ki pUjyapAda ke dvArA nirdiSTa dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana jaise choTe-se grantha acela pakSIya zruta meM se lupta kaise ho gae, jaba ki unase bhI bar3e grantha usa pakSa meM barAbara rahe / saba bAtoM para vicAra karane se maiM isI nizcita pariNAma para pahueNcA hU~ ki mUla aMgazruta kA pravAha aneka avazyambhAvI parivartanoM kI coTeM sahana karatA huA bhI Aja taka calA AyA hai jo zvetAmbara sampradAya dvArA abhI sarvathA mAnya hai aura jise digambara sampradAya bilakula nahI mAnatA / zruta ke isa sandarbha meM eka prazna kI ora itihAsa ke vidvAnoM kA dhyAna khIMcanA Avazyaka hai| pUjyapAda tathA akalaGka ne dazavekAlika tathA uttarAdhyayana kA nirdeza kiyA hai / itanA hI nahI, dazavaikAlika para to nagnatva ke samarthaka aparAjita AcArya ne TIkA bhI likhI thI / inhoMne bhagavatI ArAdhanA para bhI TIkA likhI hai / aisI sthiti meM sampUrNa digambara paramparA se dazavaikAlika aura uttarAdhyayana kA pracAra kyoM uTha gayA ? jaba hama dekhate haiM ki mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA jaise aneka grantha jo ki vastra Adi upadhi kA bhI apavAda rUpa se muni ke lie nirUpaNa karate haiM aura jinameM AryikAoM ke mArga kA bhI nirUpaNa hai aura jo dazavaikAlika tathA uttarAdhyayana kI apekSA muni AcAra kA utkaTa pratipAdana nahI karate ve grantha sampUrNa digambara paramparA meM ekase mAnya haiM aura jina para kaI prasiddha digambara vidvAnoM ne saMskRta tathA 1. dekheM - bhagavatI ArAdhanA, pR0 1196; anekAnta, varSa 2, pR0 57 / For Private Personal Use Only aMka 1,

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26 bhASA ( hindI ) meM TIkAe~ bhI likhI haiM, taba to uparyukta prazna aura bhI balavAn bana jAtA hai / mUlAcAra tathA bhagavatI ArAdhanA jaise granthoM ko zruta meM sthAna denevAlI digambara paramparA dazavaikAlika aura uttarAdhyayana ko kyoM nahIM mAnatI ? athavA dazavaikAlika Adi ko chor3a denevAlI digambara paramparA mUlAcAra Adi ko kaise mAna sakatI hai ? isa asagatisUcaka prazna kA uttara sarala bhI hai aura kaThina bhI / aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra kareM to sarala hai aura kevala pantha dRSTi se vicAra kareM to kaThina hai / itihAsa se anabhijJa loga bahudhA yahI socate haiM ki acela yA digambara paramparA ekamAtra nagnatva ko hI munitva kA aMga mAnatI hai yA mAna sakatI hai / nagnatva ke atirikta thor3e bhI upakaraNa dhAraNa karane ko digambaratva meM koI sthAna nahIM / jaba se digambara paraMparA meM terApantha ko bhAvanA ne jora pakar3A aura dUsare digambara avAntara pakSa yA to nAmazeSa ho gae yA terApantha ke prabhAva meM daba gae taba se to panthadRSTivAloM kA uparyukta vicAra aura bhI puSTa ho gayA ki munitva kA aMga to ekamAtra nagnatva hai - thor3I bhI upadhi usakA aMga nahIM ho sakatI aura nagnatva kI asaMbhAvanA ke kAraNa na strI hI muni-dharma kI adhikAriNI bana sakatI hai / aisI pantha dRSTi ke loga uparyukta asaMgati kA saccA samAdhAna prApta hI nahI kara sakate / unake lie yahI mArga raha tA hai ki yA to ve kaha deM ki vaise upadhipratipAdaka sabhI grantha zvetAmbara haiM yA zvetAmbara prabhAvavAle kinhI vidvAnoM ke haiM yA unheM pUrNa digambara munitva kA pratipAdana abhipreta nahI hai / aisA kahakara bhI ve aneka ulajhanoM se mukta nahIM ho sakate / ataeva unake lie prazna kA saccA uttara kaThina hai / parantu jaina-paramparA ke itihAsa ke aneka pahaluoM kA adhyayana tathA vicAra karanevAle ke sAmane vaisI koI kaThinAI nahIM / jaina - paramparA ke itihAsa se spaSTa hai ki acela yA digambara pakSa meM bhI aneka sagha yA gaccha aise hue haiM jo munidharma ke agarUpa meM upadhi kA Atyantika tyAga mAnane na mAnane ke viSaya meM pUrNatayA ekamata nahIM the / kucha sagha aise bhI the jo nagnatva aura pANipAtratva kA pakSa lete hue bhI vyavahAra meM thor3I-bahuta upadhi avazya svIkAra karate the / ve eka prakAra se mRdu yA madhyamamArgI acela dalavAle the / koI saMgha yA kucha sagha aise bhI the jo mAtra nagnatva kA samarthana karate the aura vyavahAra meM bhI usI kA anusaraNa karate the / ve For Private Personal Use Only

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- 27 - hI tIvra yA utkaTa acela dalavAle the| jAna par3atA hai ki saMgha yA dala koI bhI ho para pANipAtratva sabakA samAna rUpa meM thaa| isIlie ve saba digambara hI samajhe jAte the| isI madhyama aura utkaTa bhAvanAvAle bhinnabhinna saMghoM yA gacchoM ke vidvAnoM yA muniyoM dvArA racita AcAra-granthoM meM nagnatva aura vastra Adi kA virodhI nirUpaNa A jAnA svAbhAvika hai / isake atirikta yApanIya Adi kucha aise bhI saMgha hue jo na to pUre sacela pakSa ke samajhe gae aura na pUre acela pakSa meM hI sthAna pA ske| aise saMgha jaba lupta ho gae taba unake AcAryo kI kucha kRtiyA~ to zvetAmbara pakSa ke dvArA hI mukhyatayA rakSita huI jo usa pakSa ke vizeSa anukUla thIM aura kucha kRtiyA~ digambara pakSa meM hI vizeSatayA raha gaIM aura kAlakrama se digambara hI mAnI jAne lagI / isa prakAra prAcIna aura madhyakAlIna tathA madhyama aura utkaTa bhAvanAvAle aneka digambara saMghoM ke vidvAnoM kI kRtiyoM meM samucita rUpa se kahI nagnatva kA Atyantika pratipAdana aura kahIM maryAdita upadhi kA pratipAdana dikhAI de to yaha koI asaMgata bAta nahI hai| isa samaya digambara sampradAya meM nagnatva kI Atyantika AgrahI jo terApanthIya bhAvanA dikhAI detI hai vaha pichale do-tIna sau varSoM kA pariNAma hai| kevala isa bhAvanA ke AdhAra para purAne saba digambara samajhe jAnevAle sAhitya kA spaSTIkaraNa kabhI sabhava nhiiN| dazavaikAlika Adi grantha zvetAmbara paramparA meM itanI adhika pratiSThA ko prApta haiM ki jinakA tyAga Apa hI Apa digambara paramparA meM siddha ho gyaa| yadi mUlAcAra Adi granthoM ko bhI zvetAmbara paramparA pUrI taraha apanA letI to ve digambara paramparA meM zAyada hI apanA itanA sthAna banAe rakhate / (gha) umAsvAti kI jAti aura janma-sthAna prazasti meM spaSTa rUpa se jAtiviSayaka koI kathana nahIM hai, phira bhI mAtA kA gotrasUcaka 'vAtsI' nAma isameM hai aura 'kaubhISaNi' bhI gotrasUcaka vizeSaNa hai / gotra kA yaha nirdeza umAsvAti ke brAhmaNa jAti kA hone kI sUcanA detA hai, aisA kahanA gotra-paramparA ko TheTha se pakar3a rakhanevAlI brAhmaNa jAti ke vaMzAnukrama ke abhyAsI ko zAyada hI sadoSa pratIta ho / prazasti vAcaka umAsvAti ke janma-sthAna ke rUpa meM 'nyagrodhikA' grAma kA nirdeza karatI hai| yaha nyagrodhikA sthAna kahA~ hai, isakA itihAsa kyA hai aura Aja usako kyA sthiti hai-yaha saba aMdhakAra meM hai| isakI chAnabIna karanA dilacaspI kA viSaya hai| prazasti meM tattvArthasUtra

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- 28 - ke racanA-sthAna ke rUpa meM 'kusumapura' kA nirdeza hai / yaha kusumapura ho isa samaya bihAra kA paTanA hai| prazasti meM kahA gayA hai ki vihAra karatekarate paTanA me tattvArtha ko racanA huii| isa para se nIce kI kalpanAe~ sphurita hotI haiM : 1. umAsvAti ke samaya meM aura kucha Age-pIche bhI magadha meM jaina bhikSaoM kA khuba vihAra hotA rahA hogA aura usa tarapha jaina saMgha kA bala tathA AkarSaNa bhI rahA hogA / 2. viziSTa zAstra ke lekhaka jaina bhikSa apanI aniyata sthAnavAsa kI paramparA ko barAbara kAyama rakha rahe the aura aisA karake unhoMne apane kula ko 'jaMgama vidyAlaya' banA liyA thaa| 3. vihAra-sthAna pATaliputra (paTanA) aura magadhadeza se janma-sthAna nyagrodhikA sAmAnya taura para bahuta dUra nahIM rahA hogA / 2. tattvArtha ke vyAkhyAkAra tattvArtha ke vyAkhyAkAra zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM sampradAyoM meM hae haiM, parantu isameM antara yaha hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM sabhASya tattvArtha kI vyAkhyAoM kI pradhAnatA hai aura digambara paramparA meM mUla sUtroM kI hI vyAkhyAe~ huI hai| dono sampradAyoM ke ina vyAkhyAkAroM meM kitane hI aise viziSTa vidvAn haiM jinakA sthAna bhAratIya dArzanikoM meM bhI A sakatA hai| ataH yahA~ aise kucha viziSTa vyAkhyAkAroM kA hI sakSepa meM paricaya diyA jA rahA hai| (ka) umAsvAti tattvArthasUtra para bhASyarUpa meM vyAkhyA likhanevAle svayaM sUtrakAra umAsvAti hI haiN| inake viSaya meM pahale likhA jA cukA hai| ataH inake viSaya meM yahA~ alaga se likhanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| siddhasenagaNi' kI bhA~ti AcArya haribhadra bhI bhASyakAra aura sUtrakAra ko eka hI samajhate haiM, aisA unakI bhASya-TIkA ke avalokana se spaSTa jJAta hotA hai| haribhadra 1. dekhe -prastuta prastAvanA, pR0 13, Ti0 1 aura pR0 15-16 / 2. "etannibandhanatvAt saMsArasyeti svAmiyamabhidhAya matAntaramupanya. sannAha-eke tvityAdinA"-pR0 141 /

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- 29 - prazamaratiko bhASyakAra kI hI racanA samajhate haiN| aisI sthiti meM bhASya ko svopajJa na mAnane ko Adhunika kalpanAe~ bhrAMta ThaharatI hai / pUjyapAda, akalaGga Adi kisI prAcIna digambara TIkAkAra ne aisI bAta nahI uThAI hai jo bhASya kI svopajJatA ke viparIta ho / (kha ) gandhahasto vAcaka umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra para vyAkhyAkAra yA bhASyakAra ke rUpa meM jaina paramparA meM do gaMdhahastI prasiddha hai| unameM eka digambarAcArya aura dUsare zvetAmbarAcArya mAne jAte hai| gaMdhahastI vizeSaNa hai| yaha vizeSaNa digambara paramparA ke prasiddha vidvAn A0 samantabhadra kA samajhA jAtA hai aura isase phalita hotA hai ki AptamImAMsA ke racayitA gaMdhahastipadadhArI svAmI samantabhadra ne vA0 umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra para vyAkhyA likhI thii| zvetAmbara paramparA meM gaMdhahasto vizeSaNa vRddhavAdI ke ziSya siddhasena divAkara kA hai| yaha mAnyatA isa samaya pracalita hai| isake anusAra phalita hotA hai ki sanmati ke racayitA aura vRddhavAdI ke ziSya siddhasena divAkara ne vAcaka umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra para vyAkhyA likhI thii| ye donoM mAnyatAe~ aura una para se niSpanna ukta mantavya aprAmANika hone se grAhya nahI hai| digambarAcArya samantabhadra kI kRti ke lie 'gaMdhahastI' vizeSaNa vyavahRta milatA hai, jo laghusamantabhadrakRta aSTasahasrI ke TippaNa se spaSTa hai| laghusamantabhadra kA kAla 14vIM-15vIM zatAbdI ke bIca kA mAnA jAtA hai| unake prastuta ullekha kA samarthaka eka bhI sunizcita pramANa aba taka upalabdha nahI hai| aba taka ke adhyayanacintana se mai isI pariNAma para pahuMcA hU~ ki kahI bhASya, kahIM mahAbhASya, 1. "yathoktamanenaiva sUriNA prakaraNAntare" kahakara haribhadra ne bhASyaTIkA me prazamarati kI kArikAe~ 210 va 211 uddhRta kI haiN| 2. 'zakrastava' nAma se prasiddha 'namotthuNaM' ke prAcIna stotra me 'purisavaragandhahatyoNaM' kahakara tIrthakara ko gandhahastI vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai| dasavI aura gyArahavI zaka zatAbdI ke digambara zilAlekhoM me eka vIra sainika ko gandhahaslI upanAma diyA gayA milatA hai / eka jaina mandira kA nAma bhI 'savati gandhavAraNa jinAlaya' hai / dekhe-DA0 hIrAlAla jaina dvArA sampAdita jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, pR0 123 va 129 me candragiri parvata ke zilAlekha / 3. dekhe-svAmI samantabhadra, pR0 214-220 /

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- 30 - kahIM tattvArthabhASya, kahI gandhahastibhASya jaise alaga-alaga aneka ullekha digambara-sAhitya meM bikhare hue milate haiM aura kahIM svAmI samantabhadra nAma kA nirdeza tattvArtha-mahAbhASya ke sAtha bhI hai| yaha saba dekhakara bAda ke arvAcIna lekhakoM ko yaha bhrAntimUlaka vizvAsa huA ki svAmI samantabhadra ne umAsvAti ke tattvArtha para gandhahastI nAmaka mahAbhASya likhA thA / isI vizvAsa ne unheM aisA likhane ko prerita kiyaa| vastuta. unake sAmane na to aisA koI prAcIna AdhAra thA aura na koI aisI kRti thI jo tattvArthasUtra para gandhahastI-bhASya nAmaka vyAkhyA ko samantabhadrakartRka siddha karate / bhASya, mahAbhASya, gandha-hastI Adi bar3e-bar3e zabda to the hI, ataeva yaha vicAra AnA svAbhAvika hai ki samantabhadra jaise mahAn AcArya ke atirikta aisI kRti kauna raca sakatA hai ? vizeSakara isa sthiti meM ki jaba akalaGka Adi bAda ke AcAryo ke dvArA racita koI kRti gandhahastI-bhASya nAma se nizcita na kI jA sakatI ho / umAsvAti ke atipracalita tattvArtha para svAmI samantabhadra jaise AcArya kI choTI-moTI koI kRti ho to usake ullekha yA kisI avataraNa kA sarvArthasiddhi, rAjavArtika Adi ati-zAstrIya TokAoM meM sarvathA na pAyA jAnA kabhI saMbhava nhii| yaha bhI sambhava nahIM hai ki vaisI koI kRti sarvArthasiddhi Adi ke samaya taka lupta hI ho gaI ho jaba ki samantabhadra ke anya mahattvapUrNa grantha vidyamAna haiN| jo ho, mujhe aba koI sandeha nahIM hai ki tattvArtha para samantabhadra kA gandhahastI nAmaka koI bhASya nahIM thaa| paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra ne anekAnta (varSa 1, pR0 216) meM likhA hai ki 'dhavalA' meM gandhahastI-bhASya kA ullekha AtA hai, para hameM dhavalA kI mUla prati ko jA~ca karanevAle paM0 hIrAlAlajI nyAyatIrtha ke dvArA vizvasta rUpa se jJAta huA hai ki dhavalA meM gandhahastI-bhASya zabda kA ullekha nahI hai| vRddhavAdI ke ziSya siddhasena divAkara ke gandhahastI hone kI zvetAmbaramAnyatA satrahavIM-aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha vidvAn upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ke eka ullekha para se calI hai| upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne apane 'mahAvIrastava' meM gandhahastI ke kathana ke rUpa meM siddhasena divAkara 1. "anenaivAbhiprAyeNAha gandhahastI sammatau'- nyAyakhaNDakhAdya, pR0 16 /

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ke 'sanmati' kI eka gAthA uddhRta ko hai| usa para se Ajakala yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki siddhasena divAkara hI gandhahastI haiN| parantu upAdhyAya yazovijayajI kA yaha ullekha bhrAntipUrNa hai| isake do pramANa isa samaya spaSTa hai / eka to yaha ki u0 yazovijayajI se pUrva ke kisI bhI prAcIna yA arvAcIna granthakAra ne siddhasena divAkara ke sAtha yA nizcita rUpa se unakI mAnI jAnevAlI kRtiyoM ke sAtha yA una kRtiyoM se uddhRta avataraNoM ke sAtha eka bhI sthala para gandhahastI vizeSaNa kA upayoga nahIM kiyA hai| siddhasena divAkara kI kRti ke avataraNa ke sAtha 'gandhahastI' vizeSaNa kA prayoga karanevAle kevala yazovijayajI hI hai, ata: unakA yaha kathana kisI bhI prAcIna AdhAra se rahita hai| isake atirikta siddhasena divAkara ke jIvana-vRttAntavAle jitane prAcIna yA arvAcIna prabandha milate haiM unameM kahI bhI 'gandhahastI' pada vyavahRta dRSTigocara nahIM hotA, jaba ki divAkara pada prAcIna prabandhoM taka meM aura dUsare AcAryoM ke granthoM meM bhI prayukta milatA hai| dUsarA prabala aura akATaya pramANa yaha hai ki upAdhyAya yazovijayajI se pUrvavartI aneka granthoM meM jo gandhahastI ke avataraNa milate haiM ve sabhI avataraNa kahIM 1 bhadrezvarakRta kathAvalIgata siddhasenaprabandha, anya likhita siddhasenaprabandha, prabhAvakacaritragata vRddhavAdiprabandhAMtargata siddhasenaprabandha, prabandhacitAmaNigata vikramaprabandha aura caturvizatiprabandha / siddhasena ke jIvana-prabandho me jaise divAkara upanAma AtA hai aura usakA samarthana milatA hai vaise gandhahastI ke viSaya meM kucha bhI nahI hai| yadi gandhahastI pada kA itanA prAcIna prayoga milatA hai to yaha prazna hotA hI hai ki prAcIna graMthakAroM ne divAkara pada ko taraha gandhahastI pada siddhasena ke nAma ke sAtha yA unakI kisI nizcita kRti ke sAtha prayukta kyoM nahI kiyA ? 2. dekheM-haribhadrakRta paMcavastu, gAthA 1048 / 3. tulanA ke lie dekhe - "nidrAdayo yataH samadhigatAyA eva / "Aha ca gandhahastI-nidrAdayaH darzanalabdhe upayogaghAte pravartante cakSu- samadhigatAyA eva darzanalabdharupaghAte darzanAvaraNAdicatuSTayaM tUdgamoccheditvAt / vartante darzanAvaraNacatuSTayantUgamocchedimUlaghAtaM nihanti darzanalabdhim iti / " / tvAt samUlaghAta hanti drshnlbdhimiti|"

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- 32 - to jarA bhI parivartana ke binA aura kahIM bahuta thor3e parivartana ke sAtha aura kahIM bhAvasAmya ke sAtha sihasUra ke praziSya aura bhAsvAmI ke ziSya siddhasenakRta tattvArthabhASya kI vRtti meM milate haiN| isa para se itanA to nirvivAda siddha hotA hai ki pracalita paramparA ke anusAra siddhasena divAkara nahIM kintu upalabdha tattvArthabhASya kI vRtti ke -tattvArthabhASyavRtti,bhAga 2, pR0 135, | pravacanasAroddhAra kI siddhasenIya vRtti, paM0 4 / pR0 358, pra0 50 5; sittarITIkA malayagirikRta gAthA 5; devendrakRta prathama karmagrantha TIkA, gAthA 12 / "yA tu bhavasthakevalino dvividhasya / "yadAha gandhahastI-bhavasthakevasayogA'yogabhedasya siddhasya vA darzana- ! lino dvividhasya sayogAyogabhedasya mohanIyasaptakakSayAdapAyasadravyakSayAcco- siddhasya vA darzanamohanIsaptakakSayAdapAdi sA sAdiraparyavasAnA iti / " vibhUtA samyagdRSTiH sAdiraparyavasAnA -tattvArthabhASyavRtti, pR0 59, paM0 27 / / iti |"-nvpdvRtti, pR0 88 / "tatra yA'pAyasavvyavartinI zreNi- | "yaduktaM gandhahastinA-tatra yA'pAkAdinAM saddavyApagame ca bhavati apAya- / yasavyavartinI, apAyo-matijJAnAMza. sahacAriNI sA saadispryvsaanaa|" savvyANi-zuddhasamyaktvadalikAni -tattvArthabhASyavRtti, pR0 59, paM0 27 / tadvatinI zreNikAdInAM ca sadravyApa game bhavatyapAyasahacAriNI sA sAdisaparyavasAnA iti / " --navapadavRtti, pR088 / "prANApAnAvucchvAsaniHzvAsa- "yadAha gandhahastI-prANApAnau kriyAlakSaNau / " ucchvAsaniHzvAsau iti|"-dhrmsNgrhnnii-tttvaarthbhaassyvRtti, pR0161, paM0 13 / / vRtti (malayagiri), pR0 42, pra0 paM0 2 / "ataeva ca bhedaH pradezAnAmavaya- ___"yadyapyavayavapradezayorgandhahastyAdiSu vAnAM ca, ye na jAtucid vastuvyatire- | bhedo'sti / " keNopalabhyante te pradezAH ye tu vizaka -syAdvAdamaMjarI, zlo0 9, pR0 63 / litAH parikalitamUrtayaH prajJApathamavataranti te'vayavAH / " -tattvArthabhASyavRtti, pR0 328,paM0 21 /

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- 33 - racayitA bhAsvAmI ke ziSya siddhasena hI gandhahastI haiN| nAma ke sAhazya se aura prakANDavAdI tathA kuzala granthakAra ke rUpa meM prasiddha siddhasena divAkara hI gandhahastI ho sakate haiM aisI dhAraNA se u0 yazokjiyajI ne divAkara ke lie gandhahasto vizeSaNa kA prayoga karane kI bhrAnti kI hogI, yahI sambhava hai| uparyukta yuktiyoM se spaSTa dekhA jA sakatA hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM prasiddha gaMdhahastI tattvArthasUtra ke bhASya kI upalabdha vistIrNa vRtti ke racayitA siddhasena hI hai| isa se hameM nizcita rUpa se aisA mAnane ke kAraNa milate haiM ki dasavIM zatAbdI ke abhayadeva ne apanI sanmati ko TIkA' meM do sthAnoM para gaMdhahastI pada kA prayoga kara unakI tattvArtha-vyAkhyA dekhane kI jo sUcanA ko hai vaha anya koI nahIM, pratyuta upalabdha bhASyavRtti ke racayitA siddhasena hI haiN| isalie sanmatiTIkA meM abhayadeva ne tattvArtha kI jisa gaMdhahastikRta vyAkhyA ko dekhane kI sUcanA kI hai usake lie aba naSTa yA anupalabdha sAhitya kI ora dRSTipAta karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| isI silasile meM yaha mAnanA bhI Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai ki navI-dasavIM zatAbdI ke granthakAra zIlA ne apanI AcArAMgasUtra kI TIkA meM jisa gandhahastikRta vivaraNa kA 1. sanmati ke dUsare kANDa kI prathama gAthA kI vyAkhyA kI samApti meM TIkAkAra abhayadeva ne tattvArtha ke prathama adhyAya ke sUtra 9 se 12 taka uddhRta kie hai aura una sUtroM kI vyAkhyA ke viSaya me gandhahastI kI siphAriza karate hue kahA hai ki "asya ca sUtrasamUhasya vyAkhyA gandhahastiprabhRtibhivihiteti na pradarzyate"pR0 595, paM0 24 / isI prakAra tRtIya kANDa kI gAthA 44 me 'hetuvAda' pada kI vyAkhyA karate hue unhone "samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArga.' rakhakara isake lie bhI likhA hai-' tathA gandhahastitrabhRtibhirvikrAntamiti neha pradarzyate / " - pR0 651, paM0 20 / 2. dekheM-AcArya jinavijayajI dvArA sampAdita 'jItakalpa' kI prastAvanA ke bAda pariziSTa me zIlAGkAcArya ke viSaya me adhika vivaraNa, pR0 19-20 / 3. zastraparijJAvivaraNamatibahugahanaM ca gandhahastikRtam' / tathA"zaratraparijJAvivaraNamatibahugahanamitIva kila vRtaM pUjyaiH / zrIgandhahastimivivRNomi tato'hamavaziSTam / / " - AcArAMgaTIkA, pR0 1 tathA 82 kA prAraMbha /

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ullekha kiyA hai vaha bhI tattvArthabhASya kI vRtti ke racayitA siddhasena kA hI honA cAhie, kyoki bahuta hI nikaTa-kAla ke zIlAGka aura abhayadeva donoM kA bhinna-bhinna AcAryoM ke lie gandhahastI pada kA prayoga karanA asambhava hai| abhayadeva jaise bahuzruta vidvAn ne jaina AgamoM meM prathama sthAnIya AcArAGga para kucha hI samaya pUrva ke zIlAGkasUriracita vRtti na dekhI ho, yaha kalpanA karanA hI kaThina hai| phira, zIlAGka ne svayaM hI apanI TIkAoM meM jahA~-jahA~ siddhasena divAkarakRta sanmati kI gAthAe~ uddhRta kI hai vahA~ kisI bhI sthala para gandhahastipada kA prayoga nahIM kiyA, ata: zIlAGka ke abhipreta gandhahastI siddhasena divAkara nahIM haiM, yaha spaSTa hai| Upara kI vicArasaraNI ke AdhAra para hamane pahale jo nirNaya kiyA thA usakA saMpUrNa samarthaka ullikhita prAcIna pramANa bhI hameM mila gayA hai, jo haribhadra kI apUrNa vRtti ke pUraka yazobhadrasUri ke ziSya ne likhA hai| vaha isa prakAra hai "sUriyazobhadrasya (hi) ziSyeNa samuddhRtA svabodhArtham / tattvArthasya hi TIkA jaDakAyArjanA dhRtA yAtyAM nRddhRtA // 1 // haribhadrAcAryeNArabdhA vivRtArdhaSaDadhyAyAMzca / / pUjyaiH punaruddhRteyaM tattvArthAddhasya TIkAntyA // 2 // ___ etadukta bhavati-haribhadrAcAryeNArdhaSaNNAmadhyAyAnAmAdhAnAM TIkAkRtA, bhagavatA tu gandhahastinA siddhasenena navyA kRtA tattvArthaTIkA navya dasthAnAkulA, tasyA eva zeSamuddhRtaM cAcAryeNa [zeSaM mayA ] svabodhArtha sAtyantagurvI ca DupaDDupikA TIkA niSpannA ityalaM prasaMgena / " -pR0 521 // (ga) siddhasena tattvArthabhASya para zvetAmbarAcAryo kI do pUrNa vRttiyA~ isa samaya upalabdha haiN| inameM eka bar3I aura dUsarI choTI hai| bar3I vatti ke racayitA siddhasena hI yahA~ abhipreta hai| ye siddhasena dinnagaNi ke ziSya siMhasUra 1. dekheM-gujarAtI tattvArthavivecana ( prathama saMskaraNa ), paricaya pR0 36 / 2. yaha pATha anya likhita prati se zuddha kiyA gayA hai| dekheM-AtmAnaMda prakAza, varSa 45, aMka 10, pR0 193 / /

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- 35 - ke ziSya bhAsvAmI ke ziSya the, yaha bAta inakI bhASyavRtti kI antima prazasti se siddha hai| ' gaMdhahastI ke vicAra-prasaMga meM prayukta yuktiyoM se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki gaMdhahastI ye hI siddhasena haiM / jaba taka dUsarA koI vizeSa pramANa na mile taba taka unakI do kRtiyA~ mAnane meM zaMkA nahIM rahatI-eka to AcArAga-vivaraNa jo anupalabdha hai aura dUsarI tattvArthabhASya kI upalabdha bar3I vRtti / inakA 'gadhahastI' nAma kisane aura kyoM rakhA, isa viSaya meM kevala kalpanA hI kI jA sakatI hai| inhoMne svayaM to apanI prazasti meM gaMdhahastI pada jor3A nahI hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki sAmAnya taura para jaisA bahutoM ke lie ghaTita hotA hai vaisA hI inake sAtha bhI ghaTita huA hai arthAt inake ziSya yA bhakta anugAmI janoM ne inako gadhahastI ke taura para prasiddha kiyA hai| yaha bAta yazobhadrasUri ke ziSya ke uparyukta ullekha se aura bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai| isakA kAraNa yaha jJAta hotA hai ki prastuta siddhasena saiddhAntika the aura AgamazAstroM kA vizAla jJAna dhAraNa karane ke atirikta ve Agamaviruddha pratIta honevAlI cAhe jaisI tarkasiddha bAto kA bhI bahuta hI AvezapUrvaka khaMDana karate the aura siddhAnta-pakSa kI sthApanA karate the| yaha bAta unako tAkikoM ke viruddha kI gaI kaTu carcA dekhane se adhika sambhava pratIta hotI hai| isake atirikta unhoMne tatvArthabhASya para jo vRtti likhI hai vaha aThAraha hajAra zloka-pramANa hai aura kadAcita usa vakta kI racI huI tattvArthabhASya kI sabhI vyAkhyAoM meM bar3I hogii| isa bar3o vRtti aura usameM kie gae Agama ke samarthana ko dekhakara aisA lagatA hai ki unake kisI ziSya yA bhakta anugAmI ne unake jIvanakAla meM athavA unake bAda unake lie 'gaMdhahastI' vizeSaNa prayukta kiyA hai| unake samaya ke sambandha meM nizcita rUpa se kucha kahanA abhI saMbhava nahI, phira bhI ve vikrama kI sAtavI aura navIM zatAbdI ke madhya ke hone cAhie, yaha ni.saMdeha hai| unhoMne apanI bhASyavRtti meM vasubaMdhu Adi aneka bauddha vidvAnoM 1. yahI siMhasUra nayacakra ke suprasiddha TokAkAra hai / dekheM-AtmAnaMda prakAza, varSa 45, aMka10, pR0 191 / ____2. prasiddha bauddha vidvAn 'vasubaMdhu' kA ve 'AmiSagRddha' ke rUpa me nirdeza karate hai-tasmAdenaHpadametat vasubandhorAmiSagRddhasya gRdhrasyevA'prekSyakAriNaH / jAtirupanyastA vasubandhuvaidheyena / -tattvArthabhASyavRtti, pR0 68, paM0 1 tathA 29 / nAgArjuna-racita dharmasaMgraha, pR0 13 para jo Anantarya pAMca pApa Ate hai aura

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kA ullekha kiyA hai / uname se eka sAtavI zatAbdI ke dharmakIrti bhI hai| arthAt sAtavI zatAbdI ke pahale ve nahI hue, itanA to nizcita hai| dUsarI ora navI zatAbdI ke vidvAn zIlA ne gandhahastI nAma se unakA ullekha kiyA hai| isase ve navI zatAbdI ke pahale kisI samaya hae hoNge| siddhasena nayacaka ke vRttikAra sihasUra gaNi kSamAzramaNa ke praziSya the| sihasUra vikrama kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke madhya meM avazya vidyamAna the, ataeva siddhasena kA samaya vikrama ko sAtavIM zatAbdI ke aMtima pAda se lekara AThavI zatAbdI ke madhyabhAga taka kA pratIta hotA hai| siddhasena ne apanI vRtti meM 'siddhivinizcaya' grantha kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo akalaMka kA hai, ata: kahanA cAhie ki akalaMka aura siddhasena donoM samakAlIna the / yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki siddhasena ne akalaMka kA rAjavArtika dekhA ho / (gha) haribhadra tattvArthabhASya kI laghu vRtti ke lekhaka haribhadra hai / yaha vRtti ratalAma kI zrI RSabhadevajI kesaromala jI nAmaka saMsthA ko ora se prakAzita huI hai| yaha vRtti kevala haribhadrAcArya kI kRti nahI hai, kintu isakI racanA meM kama-se-kama tIna AcAryo kA hAtha hai| unameM se eka haribhadra hai| inhI haribhadra kA vicAra yahA~ prastuta hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM haribhadra nAma ke aneka AcArya ho gae hai| inameM se yAkinIsUnu rUpa se jinakA varNana zIlAMka ne sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA ( pR0 215) me kiyA hai unakA ullekha bhI siddhasena karate hai |-bhaassyvRtti, pR0 67 / 1. bhikSuvaradharmakIrtinA'pi virodha ukta pramAgavinizcayAdau / -tattvArthabhASyavRtti, pR0 397, paM0 4 / 2. dekheM--prastuta prastAvanA, pR0 33, Ti0 3 / 3. isa vRtti ke racayitA tIna se jyAdA bhI ho sakate hai / haribhadra, yazobhadra aura yazobhadra ke ziSya ye tIna to nizcita hI hai, kintu aSTama-navama adhyAya ke anta kI puSpikA ke AdhAra para anya kI bhI kalpanA ho sakatI hai-'iti zrI tattvAryaTokAyAM haribhadrAcAryaprArabdhAyAM DupaDupikAbhidhAnAyAM tasyAmevAnyakartRkAyAM navamo'dhyAyaH samApta / " 4. dekheM-muni kalyANavijayajI dvArA likhita dharmasaMgrahaNI kI prastAvanA, pR0 2 tathA aage|

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prasiddha saikar3oM granthoM ke racayitA A0 haribhadra hI isa laghu vRtti ke racayitA mAne jAte haiN| parantu isa viSaya meM koI asaMdigdha pramANa abhI hamAre sAmane nahI hai| muni zrI jaMbUvijayajI ne haribhadra aura siddhasena donoM kI vRttiyoM kI tulanA kI hai aura batalAyA hai ki haribhadra ne siddhasenIya vRtti kA avalaMbana liyA hai|' yadi yaha ThIka hai to kaha sakate haiM ki siddhasena kI vRtti ke bAda hI haribhadroya vRtti likhI gaI hai| (Ga) yazobhadra tathA yazobhadra ke ziSya haribhadra ne sADhe pA~ca adhyAyoM kI vRtti likho| isake bAda tattvArthabhASya ke zeSa sAre bhAga kI vRtti kI racanA do vyaktiyoM ke dvArA haI, yaha nizcita jAna par3atA hai| iname se eka yazobhadra nAma ke AcArya haiM aura dUsare unake ziSya hai, jinake nAma kA patA nahI calA / yazobhadra ke isa ajJAtanAmA ziSya ne dasaveM adhyAya ke kevala antima sUtra ke bhASya para vRtti likhI hai / isake pahale ke arthAt haribhadra dvArA chUTe hue zeSa bhASya-aMza para yazobhadra kI vRtti hai / yaha bAta yazobhadrasUri ke ziSya ke vacanoM se hI spaSTa hai| ___ zvetAmbara paramparA meM yazobhadra nAmaka aneka AcArya aura granthakAra hue hai| unameM se prastuta vRtti ke lekhaka yazobhadra kauna haiM, yaha ajJAta hai / prastuta yazobhadra bhASya kI apUrNa vRtti ke racayitA haribhadra ke ziSya the, isakA koI nirNAyaka pramANa upalabdha nahI hai| isake viparIta yaha to kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki yadi ye yazobhadra una haribhadra ke ziSya hote to yazobhadra ke jo ziSya vRtti kI samApti karate haiM aura jinhoMne haribhadra kI apUrNa vRtti kA apane guru yazobhadra ke dvArA nirvAhita honA likhA hai ve apane guru ke nAma ke sAtha haribhadra-ziSya ityAdi koI vizeSaNa lagAe binA zAyada hI rhte| jo ho, itanA to abhI vicAraNIya hai ki ye yazobhadra kaba hae aura unakI dUsarI kRtiyA~ haiM yA nhiiN| 1. dekhe-AtmAnanda prakAza, varSa 45, aMka 10, pR0 193 / 2. dekheM-prastuta prastAvanA, pR0 34 / 3. dekheM-mo0 60 desAI, jaina sAhityano sakSipta itihAsa, pariziSTa meM yazobhadra /

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- 38 - yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai ki yazobhadra ekamAtra antima sUtra kI vRtti kyoM nahIM likha pAe, vaha unake ziSya ko kyoM likhanI par3I ? tulanA karane se jJAta hotA hai ki yazobhadra aura unake ziSya kI bhASyavRtti gandhahastI kI vRtti ke AdhAra para hI likhI gaI hai| haribhadra ke SoDazaka prakaraNa para vRtti likhanevAle eka yazobhadrasari ho gae hai, ve hI prastuta yazobhadra haiM yA anya, yaha bhI eka vicAraNIya prazna hai| (ca) malayagiri malayagiri' kI likhI haI tattvArthabhASya kI vyAkhyA upalabdha nahIM hai / ye vikrama kI 12vI-13vIM zatAbdI ke vizruta zvetAmbara vidvAn haiN| ye AcArya hemacandra ke samakAlIna haiM aura inakI prasiddhi sarvazreSTha TIkAkAra ke rUpa meM hai / inakI bIsoM mahattvapUrNa kRtiyAM upalabdha haiN| (cha) ciraMtanamuni ciraMtanamuni eka ajJAtanAmA zvetAmbara sAdhu the / inhoMne tattvArtha para sAdhAraNa TippaNa likhA hai / ye vikrama kI caudahavIM zatAbdI ke bAda kisI samaya hue haiM, kyoMki inhoMne adhyAya 5, sUtra 31 ke TippaNa meM caudahavIM zatAbdI ke malliSeNa kI 'syAdvAdamaMjarI' kA ullekha kiyA hai| (ja) vAcaka yazovijaya vAcaka yazovijaya kI likhI tattvArthabhASya kI vatti kA apUrNa prathama adhyAya hI milatA hai / ye zvetAmbara sampradAya meM hI nahIM kintu sampUrNa jaina samAja meM sabase anta meM honevAle sarvottama prAmANika vidvAn ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| inakI aneka kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiN| satarahavIMaThArahavIM zatAbdI taka honevAle nyAyazAstra ke vikAsa ko apanAkara 1. malayagiri ne tattvArthaTIkA likhI thI aisI mAnyatA unakI prajJApanAvRtti me upalabdha nimna ullekha tathA aise hI anya ullekhoM para se rUDha huI hai - "taccAprAptakAritvaM tattvArthaTIkAdI savistareNa prasAdhitamiti tato'vadhAraNIyam |"-prjnyaapnaa, pada 15, pR0 298 / 2. dekhe----'dharmasaMgrahaNI' kI prastAvanA, pR0 36 / 3. dekheM-jainatarkabhASA, prastAvanA, siMghI grNthmaalaa|

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- 39 - inhoMne jaina zrata ko tarkabaddha kiyA hai aura bhinna-bhinna viSayoM para aneka prakaraNa likhakara jaina tattvajJAna ke sUkSma adhyayana kA mArga prazasta kiyA hai| (jha) gaNI yazovijaya gaNI yazovijaya vAcaka yazovijaya se bhinna hai| inakA samaya ajJAta hai / inake viSaya meM anya aitihAsika paricaya bhI isa samaya kucha nahIM hai| inakI kRti ke rUpa me kevala tattvArthasUtra para gujarAtI TabA-TippaNa prApta hai| isake atirikta inakI aura koI racanA hai yA nahI, yaha jJAta nhiiN| TippaNa kI bhASA aura zailI ko dekhate hue ye satarahavIM-aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke pratIta hote haiN| inakI do vizeSatAe~ ullekhanIya haiM : (1) jaise vAcaka yazovijaya Adi zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ne 'aSTasahasrI' jaise digambara-granthoM para TIkAe~ likhI haiM vaise hI gaNI yazovijaya ne bhI tattvArthasUtra ke sarvArthasiddhimAnya digambara sUtrapATha para mAtra sUtroM kA arthapUraka TippaNa likhA hai aura TippaNa likhate hue unhoMne jahA~jahA~ zvetAmbara-digambara matabheda yA matavirodha AtA hai vahA~ sarvatra zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra hI artha kiyA hai / sUtrapATha digambara hote hue bhI artha zvetAmbarIya hai / (2) aba taka tattvArthasUtra para gujarAtI meM TippaNa likhanevAloM meM prastuta yazovijaya gaNI hI prathama mAne jAte haiM, kyoMki tattvArthasUtra para gajarAtI meM aura kisI kA kucha likhA huA abhI taka jAnakArI meM nahI aayaa| gaNI yazovijayajI ke zvetAmbara hone kI bAta to nizcita hai, kyoki TippaNa ke anta meM aisA ullekha hai, aura dUsarA sabala pramANa to unakA bAlAvabodha-TippaNa hI hai| sUtra kA pAThabheda aura digambarIya 1. "iti zvetAmbarAcAryazrIumAsvAmigaNa (Ni) kRtatattvArthasUtra tasya bAlAvabodhaH zrIyazovijayagaNikRtaH smaaptH|"-prvrtk zrI kAntivijaya ke zAstra-sagraha kI likhita TippaNI kI pustaka / 2. ise svIkAra karane meM apavAda bhI hai jo ki bahuta thor3A hai| udAharaNArtha adhyAya 4 kA 19 vA~ sUtra inhoMne digambara sUtrapATha se nahIM liyA, kyoMki

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- 40 - sUtroM kI saMkhyA svIkAra karane para bhI artha unhoMne digambara paramparA ke anukUla kahIM nahIM kiyaa| hA~, yahA~ eka prazna hotA hai ki zvetAmbara hote hue bhI yazovijayajI ne digambara sUtrapATha kyoM liyA ? kyA ve zvetAmbara sUtrapATha se paricita nahI the, yA paricita hone para bhI unheM digambara sUtrapATha meM hI zvetAmbara sUtrapATha kI apekSA adhika mahattva dikhAI diyA? isakA uttara yahI ucita jAna par3atA hai ki ve zvetAmbara sUtrapATha se paricita to avazya hI hoge aura unakI dRSTi meM usI pATha kA mahattva bhI hogA, kyoki vaisA na hotA to ve zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra TippaNI likhate hI nhiiN| aisA hone para bhI digambara sUtrapATha grahaNa karane kA kAraNa yaha honA cAhie ki jisa sUtrapATha ke AdhAra para sabhI digambara vidvAn hajAra varSa se digambara paramparA ke anusAra hI zvetAmbara Agamo se viparIta artha karate Ae hai' usI sUtrapATha se zvetAmbara paramparA ke ThIka anukUla artha nikAlanA aura karanA bilakula zakya tathA saMgata hai, aisI chApa digambara pakSa para DAlanA aura sAtha hI zvetAmbara abhyAsiyo ko darzAnA ki digambara yA zvetAmbara cAhe jo sUtrapATha lo, pAThabheda hote hue bhI artha to eka hI prakAra kA nikalatA hai aura vaha zvetAmbara paramparA ke anukUla hI hai-digambara sUtrapATha se cauMkane kI yA use virodhI pakSa kA samajhakara pheka dene kI koI AvazyakatA nhiiN| cAhe to bhASyamAnya sUtrapATha sIkheM yA sarvArthasiddhimAnya sUtrapATha yAda kreN| tattva donoM meM eka hI hai| isa taraha eka ora digambara vidvAnoM ko yaha batalAne ke lie ki unake sUtrapATha meM se saralatApUrvaka satya artha kyA nikala sakatA hai aura dUsarI ora zvetAmbara abhyAsiyoM ko pakSabheda ke kAraNa digambara sUtrapATha se na caukeM yaha samajhAne ke uddezya se hI ina yazovijayajI ne digambara sUtrapATha para TippaNI likhI ho aisA jAna par3atA hai| (ja) pUjyapAda pUjyapAda kA mUla nAma devanandI hai| ye vikrama kI pAMcavI chaThI zatAbdI meM hue haiN| inhoMne vyAkaraNa Adi aneka viSayoM para grantha likhe digambara paramparA solaha svarga mAnatI hai isalie inhone yahA~ bAraha svargoM ke nAmavAlA zvetAmbara sUtra liyA hai| 1. dekheM-sarvArthasiddhi, 2. 53; 9. 11 aura 10.9 /

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- 41 - haiM, jinameM se kucha to upalabdha hai aura kucha abhI taka mile nhiiN|' digambara vyAkhyAkAroM meM pUjyapAda se pahale kevala zivakoTi ke hI hone kI sUcanA milatI hai| inhIM pUjyapAda kI digambaratva-samarthaka 'sarvArthasiddhi' nAmaka tattvArthavyAkhyA bAda meM sampUrNa digambara vidvAnoM ke lie AdhArabhUta banI hai| (E) bhaTTa akalaGka bhaTTa akalaGka vikrama kI sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn hai| 'sarvArthasiddhi' ke bAda tattvArtha para inakI hI vyAkhyA milanI hai jo 'rAjavAtika' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| ye jaina-nyAya ke prasthApaka viziSTa gaNyamAnya vidvAnoM meM se eka hai| inakI kitanI hI kRtiyAM upalabdha haiM jo jainanyAya ke pratyeka abhyAsI ke lie mahattvapUrNa hai| (Tha) vidyAnanda vidyAnanda vikrama kI navIM-dasavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn haiM / inakI kitanI hI kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiN| ye bhAratIya darzanoM ke viziSTa jJAtA the aura inhoMne tattvArtha para 'zlokavArtika' nAmaka padyabaddha vistRta vyAkhyA likhakara kumArila jaise prasiddha mImAMsaka granthakAroM kI spardhA kI aura jainadarzana para kie gae mImAMsakoM ke pracaNDa AkramaNa kA sabala uttara diyaa| (Da) zrutasAgara 'zra tasAgara' nAmaka digambara sUri 16vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn haiN| inhoMne tattvArtha para TIkA likhI hai| inakI anya kaI racanAe~ haiN| 1. dekheM--jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, prathama bhAga, pR0 83 / / 2. zivakoTikRta tattvArtha-vyAkhyA, usake avataraNa Adi Aja upalabdha nahIM hai / unhoMne tattvArtha para kucha likhA thA, aisI sUcanA kucha arvAcIna zilAlekhoM kI prazastiyoM se milatI hai / zivakoTi samantabhadra ke ziSya the, aisI mAnyatA hai / dekheM-svAmI samantabhadra , pR0 96 / 3. dekheM-nyAyakumudacandra kI prastAvanA / 4. dekhe-aSTasahasrI evaM tattvArthazlokavAttika kI prastAvanA / 5. dekheM bhAratIya jJAnapITha dvArA prakAzita zrutasAgarI vRtti kI prastAvanA, pR0 98 /

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42 (Dha) vibudhasena, yogIndradeva, lakSmIdeva, yogadeva aura abhayanandisUri Adi aneka digambara vidvAnoM ne tattvArtha para sAdhAraNa saMskRta vyAkhyAe~ likhI haiM / unakA mujhe vizeSa paricaya nahI milA / itane saMskRta vyAkhyAkAroM ke atirikta tattvArtha kI hindI Adi bhASAoM meM TIkA likhanevAle aneka digambara vidvAn ho gae haiM, jinameM se kucha ne to kannar3a bhASA meM TIkAe~ likhI haiM aura zeSa ne hindI bhASA meM TIkAe~ likhI haiM / 3. tattvArthasUtra tattvArthazAstra kA bAhya tathA Abhyantara vizeSa paricaya prApta karane ke lie mUla grantha ke AdhAra para nIce likhI cAra bAtoM para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai- ( ka ) preraka sAmagrI, ( kha ) racanA kA uddezya, ( ga ) racanAzailI aura (gha ) viSayavarNana | ( ka ) preraka sAmagrI granthakAra ko jisa sAmagrI ne 'tattvArtha sUtra' likhane kI preraNA dI vaha mukhya rUpa se cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kI jAtI hai / 1. AgamajJAna kA uttarAdhikAra - vaidika darzanoM meM jaise veda vaise hI jainadarzana meM Agama-grantha mukhya pramANa mAne jAte haiM, dUsare granthoM kA prAmANya Agama kA anusaraNa karane meM hI hai / isa AgamajJAna kA pUrva paramparA se calA AyA uttarAdhikAra vAcaka umAsvAti ko samucita rUpa meM milA thA, isalie sampUrNa Agamika viSayoM kA jJAna unheM spaSTa tathA vyavasthita rUpa meM thA / 2. saMskRta bhASA - kAzI, magadha, bihAra Adi pradezoM meM rahane tathA vicarane ke kAraNa aura kadAcit brAhmaNajAti ke hone ke kAraNa vAcaka umAsvAti ne apane samaya kI pradhAna bhASA saMskRta kA gaharA adhyayana kiyA thA / jJAnaprApti ke lie prAkRta bhASA ke atirikta saMskRta bhASA kA dvAra ThIka-ThIka khulane se saMskRta bhASA ke vaidika darzanasAhitya aura bauddha darzanasAhitya ko jAnane kA unheM avasara milA aura usa avasara kA pUrA upayoga karake unhone apane jJAnabhaMDAra ko khUba samRddha kiyA / 1. dekheM - tattvArthabhASya ke hindI anuvAda kI zrI nAthUrAmajI prebhI kI prastAvanA / For Private Personal Use Only

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- 43 - 3. darzanAntaroM kA prabhAva-saMskRta bhASA dvArA vaidika aura bauddha sAhitya meM praveza karane ke kAraNa unhoMne tatkAlIna naI-naI racanAe~ dekhIM, unakI vastuoM tathA vicArasaraNiyoM ko jAnA, una sabakA una para gaharA prabhAva par3A aura isI ne unhe jaina sAhitya meM pahale se sthAna na pAnevAlI saMkSipta dArzanika sUtrazailI tathA saMskRta bhASA meM grantha likhane ko prerita kiyaa| 4. pratibhA-ukta tInoM hetuoM ke hote hue bhI yadi unameM pratibhA na hotI to tattvArtha kA isa rUpa meM kabhI udbhava hI na hotaa| ataH ukta tInoM hetuoM ke sAtha preraka sAmagro meM unakI pratibhA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| ( kha ) racanA kA uddezya koI bhI bhAratIya zAstrakAra jaba svIkRta viSaya para zAstra-racanA karatA hai taba vaha apane viSayanirUpaNa ke antima uddezya ke rUpa meM mokSa ko hI rakhatA hai, phira bhale hI vaha viSaya artha, kAma, jyotiSa yA vaidyaka jaisA Adhibhautika ho athavA tattvajJAna aura yoga jaisA AdhyAtmika / sabhI mukhya-mukhya viSayoM ke zAstroM ke prArambha meM usa-usa vidyA ke antima phala ke rUpa meM mokSa kA hI nirdeza huA aura upasaMhAra meM bhI usa vidyA se mokSasiddhi kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| vaizeSikadarzana kA praNetA kaNAda prameya kI carcA karane se pUrva usa vidyA ke nirUpaNa ko mokSa kA sAdhanarUpa batalAkara hI usameM pravartita hotA hai| nyAyadarzana kA sUtrakAra gautama pramANapaddhati ke jJAna ko mokSa kA dvAra mAnakara hI usake nirUpaNa meM pravRtta hotA hai| sAMkhyadarzana kA nirUpaka bhI mokSa ke upAyabhUta jJAna kI pUrti ke lie apanI vizvotpatti vidyA kA varNana karatA hai| brahmamImAMsA meM brahma aura jagat kA nirUpaNa bhI mokSa ke sAdhana kI pUrti ke lie hI haA hai| yogadarzana meM yogakriyA aura anya bahuta-sI prAsaMgika bAtoM kA varNana mAtra mokSa kA uddezya siddha karane ke lie hI hai| bhaktimAgiyoM ke zAstroM kA uddezya bhI, jinameM jIva, jagat aura Izvara Adi viSayoM kA varNana hai, bhakti kI 1. dekhe-kaNAdasUtra, 1. 1. 4 / 2. dekheM-nyAyasUtra, 1 1.1 / 3. dekheM-IzvarakRSNakRta sAMkhyakArikA, kA0 2 /

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puSTi dvArA anta meM mokSa prApta karanA hI hai| bauddha-darzana ke kSaNikavAda kA athavA cAra AryasatyoM meM samAviSTa Adhibhautika tathA AdhyAtmika viSaya ke nirUpaNa kA uddezya bhI mokSa ke atirika aura kucha nahIM hai| jainadarzana ke zAstra bhI isI mArga kA avalambana lekara likhe gae haiN| vAcaka umAsvAti ne bhI antima uddezya mokSa rakhakara hI usakI prApti kA upAya siddha karane ke lie nizcita kI huI sabhI vastuoM kA varNana apane tattvArtha meM kiyA hai| (ga) racanA-zailI pahale se hI jaina AgamoM kI racanA-zailI bauddha piTakoM jaisI lambe aura varNanAtmaka sUtroM ke rUpa meM prAkRta bhASA meM calI AtI thii| dUsarI ora brAhmaNa vidvAnoM dvArA saMskRta bhASA kI saMkSipta sUtroM kI racanA-zailI dhIre-dhIre bahuta pratiSThita ho gaI thii| isa saMskRta sUtra-zailI ne vAcaka umAsvAti ko AkarSita kiyA aura usI meM unhe likhane kI preraNA haI / jahA~ taka hamArA khayAla hai, jaina saMpradAya meM saMskRta bhASA meM choTe-choTe sUtroM ke racayitA sarvaprathama umAsvAti hI haiN| unake bAda ho yaha sUtrazailI jaina paramparA meM pratiSThita huI aura vyAkaraNa, alakAra, AcAra, nIti, nyAya Adi aneka viSayoM para zvetAmbara-digambara donoM vidvAnoM ne isa zailI meM saMskRta bhASAbaddha granthoM kI racanA kii| umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra kaNAda ke vaizeSikasUtroM kI bhA~ti dasa 1. vAcaka umAsvAti ko tattvArtha-racanA kI preraNA 'uttarAdhyayana' ke 28veM adhyayana se milI hai, aisA jJAta hotA hai / isa adhyayana kA nAma 'mokSamArga' hai / isa adhyayana me mokSa ke mArgoM ko sUcita kara unake viSaya ke rUpa me jaina tattvajJAna kA atyanta sakSepa me nirUpaNa hai| isI vastu kA umAsvAti ne vistAra karake usameM samagra Agama ke tattvoM ko gaMtha diyA hai| unhone apane sUtra-graMtha kA prArambha bhI mokSamArga pratipAdaka sUtra se hI kiyA hai| digambara paramparA me to tattvArthasUtra 'mokSazAstra' ke nAma se hI prasiddha hai| bauddha-paramparA me vizuddhimArga nAmaka ati mahattvapUrNa grantha prasiddha hai| isakI racanA pA~cavI sadI ke AsapAsa pAli bhASA me buddhaghoSa ne kI hai| isame samagra pAli-piTakoM kA sAra hai / isakA pUrvavartI vimuktimArga nAmaka grantha bhI bauddha-paramparA me thA jisakA anuvAda cInI bhASA me milatA hai| vizuddhimArga aura vimuktimArga dono zabdoM kA artha mokSamArga hI hai /

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adhyAyo meM vibhakta hai, jinakI saMkhyA 344 hai, jaba ki kaNAda ke sUtroM kI sakhyA 333 hai| ina adhyAyoM me vaizeSika Adi sUtroM ke sadRza Ahnika-vibhAga athavA brahmasUtra Adi ke samAna pAda-vibhAga nahIM hai| jaina sAhitya meM 'adhyayana' ke sthAna para 'adhyAya' kA AraMbha karanevAle bhI umAsvAti hI hai| unake dvArA zurU na kiyA gayA Ahnika aura pAda-vibhAga bhI Age calakara unake anuyAyI akalaMka Adi dvArA zurU kara diyA gayA hai| bAhya-racanA meM kaNAdasUtra ke sAtha tattvArthasatra kA vizeSa sAmya hote hue bhI usameM jAnane yogya eka vizeSa antara hai, jo jainadarzana ke paramparAgata mAnasa para prakAza DAlatA hai| kaNAda apane maMtavyoM ko sUtra me pratipAdita karake unako sAbita karane ke lie akSapAda gautama ke sadRza pUrvapakSa-uttarapakSa na karate hue bhI unakI puSTi meM hetuoM kA upanyAsa to bahudhA karate hI haiM, jaba ki vAcaka umAsvAti apane eka bhI siddhAnta kI siddhi ke lie kahI bhI yukti, prayukti yA hetu nahI dete / ve apane vaktavya kA sthApita siddhAnta ke rUpa meM hI koI bhI yukti yA hetu die binA athavA pUrvapakSa-uttarapakSa kie binA hI yogasUtrakAra pataMjali kI taraha varNana karate cale jAte haiN| umAsvAti ke sUtroM aura vaidika darzano ke sUtroM kI tulanA karate hue eka chApa mana para par3atI hai ki jaina paramparA zraddhA-pradhAna hai, vaha apane sarvajJa ke vaktavya ko akSarazaH svIkAra kara letI hai aura usame zakA-samAdhAna kA avakAza nahI dekhatI jisake pariNAmasvarUpa sazodhana, parivardhana aura vikAsa karane yogya buddhi ke aneka viSaya tarkavAda ke yuga meM bhI acacita raha kara mAtra zraddhA ke AdhAra para Aja taka Tike hue hai| vaidika darzanaparamparA buddhipradhAna hokara apane mAne hue siddhAnto kI parIkSA karatI hai, usame zaMkA-samAdhAnaparaka carcA karatI hai aura bahuta bAra to pahale se mAne gae siddhAntoM ko tarkavAda se ulaTa kara nae siddhAntoM kI sthApanA karatI hai athavA unameM saMzodhana-parivardhana karatI hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki jaina paramparA ne virAsata meM prApta tattvajJAna aura AcAra ko banAe rakhane me jitanI ruci lI hai utanI nUtana sarjana meM nahI lii| 1. siddhasena, samantabhadra Adi aneka dhuraMdhara tArkikoM dvArA kiyA huA tarkavikAsa aura tAkika carcA bhAratIya vicAra ke vikAsa meM viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai, isa bAta se inakAra nahI kiyA jA sakatA, phira bhI prastuta kathana gauNa-pradhAna bhAva aura dRSTibheda kI apekSA se hI hai| tattvArthasUtroM aura upaniSadoM Adi ko

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46 (gha) viSaya- varNana viSaya kA cunAva -- kitane hI darzanoM meM viSaya kA varNana jJeyamImAMsA - pradhAna hai, jaise ki vaizeSika, sAMkhya aura vedAntadarzana me / vaizeSikadarzana apanI dRSTi se jagat kA nirUpaNa karate hue usameM mUla dravya kitane hai, kaise hai aura unase sambandhita dUsare padArtha kitane tathA kaise haiM, ityAdi kA varNana karake mukhya rUpa se jagat ke prameyoM kI hI mImAMsA karatA hai / sAMkhyadarzana prakRti aura puruSa kA varNana karake pradhAna rUpa se jagat ke mUlabhUta prameya tattvo kI hI momAMsA karatA hai / vedAntadarzana bhI jagat ke mUlabhUta brahmatattva kI hI mImAMsA pradhAna rUpa se karatA hai / parantu kucha darzanoM meM cAritra ko mImAMsA mukhya hai, jaise ki yoga aura bauddha darzana meM / jIvana kI zuddhi kyA hai, vaha kaise sAdhya hai, usameM kauna-kauna bAdhaka haiM ityAdi jIvana- sambandhI praznoM kA hala yogadarzana he ( duHkha ), he hetu ( duHkha kA kAraNa ), hAna ( mokSa ) aura hAnopAya ( mokSa kA kAraNa ) isa caturvyUha kA nirUpaNa karake aura bauddhadarzana ne cAra AryasatyoM kA nirUpaNa karake kiyA hai / arthAt pahale darzana vibhAga kA viSaya jJeyatattva aura dUsare darzanavibhAga kA cAritra hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI mImAMsA meM jJeyatattva aura cAritra ko samAna sthAna diyA hai / isa kAraNa unakI tattvamImAsA eka ora jIvaajIva ke nirUpaNa dvArA jagat ke svarUpa kA varNana karatI hai aura dUsarI ora Asrava, saMvara Adi tattvoM kA varNana karake cAritra kA svarUpa darasAtI hai / unakI tattvamImAMsA kA artha hai jJeya aura cAritra kA lIjie | tattvArtha ke vyAkhyAkAra dhuraMdhara tArkika hote hue bhI aura sampradAya-bheda meM vibhakta hote hue bhI jo carcA karate hai aura tarka kA prayoga karate haiM vaha saba pahale se sthApita jaina siddhAnta ko saSTa karane athavA usakA samarthana karane ke lie hI / iname se kisI vyAkhyAkAra ne nayA vicArasarjana nahI kiyA yA zvetAmbaradigambara kI tAttvika mAnyatA me kucha bhI antara nahI DAlA / dUsarI ora upaniSad, gItA aura brahmasUtra ke vyAkhyAkAra tarka ke jora para yahA~ taka svatantra carcA karate hai ki unake bIca tAttvika mAnyatA meM pUrva-pazcima jaisA antara khar3A ho gayA hai / isameM kyA guNa aura kyA doSa hai, yaha vaktavya nahI, vaktavya kevala vastusthiti ko spaSTa karanA hai / sApekSa hone se guNa aura doSa donoM paramparAoM meM ho sakate haiM aura nahI bhI ho sakate haiM / For Private Personal Use Only

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47 - samAna rUpa se vicAra / isa mImAMsA meM bhagavAn ne nau tattvoM ko rakhakara inake prati acala zraddhA ko jainatva kI prAthamika zarta mAnakara usakA varNana kiyA hai / tyAgI yA gRhastha koI bhI mahAvIra ke mArga kA anuyAyI tabhI mAnA jA sakatA hai jaba ki vaha ina para zraddhA rakhatA ho, arthAt 'jinakathita ye tattva hI satya hai' aisI ruci - pratItivAlA ho, phira cAhe ina nau tattvo kA yatheSTa jJAna prApta na bhI kiyA ho / isa kAraNa jaina darzana meM nau tattvoM ke jaisA mahattva anya kisI viSaya kA nahIM hai / isa vastusthiti ke kAraNa hI vA0 umAsvAti ne apane prastuta zAstra ke viSaya ke rUpa meM ina nau tattvoM ko upayukta samajhA aura inhI kA varNana sUtroM meM sAta saMkhyA dvArA karake una sUtroM ke viSayAnurUpa 'tattvArthAdhigama' nAma diyA / umAsvAti ne nau tattvoM kI mImAsA meM jJeyapradhAna aura cAritrapradhAna donoM darzanoM kA samanvaya dekhA, to bhI unhone usameM apane samaya meM vizeSa carcAprApta pramANa-mImAMsA ke nirUpaNa kI upayogitA anubhava kI / isa prakAra unhoMne apane grantha ko apane dhyAna meM AnevAlI sabhI mImAMsAoM se paripUrNa karane ke lie nau tattvoM ke atirikta jJAna-mImAMsA ko viSaya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karake tathA nyAyadarzana kI pramANamImAMsA ke sthAna para jaina jJAnamImAMsA batalAne kI apane hI sUtroM meM yojanA kI / isa taraha samuccaya rUpa meM kahanA cAhie ki umAsvAti ne apane sUtra ke viSaya ke rUpa me jJAna, jJeya aura cAritra ina tInoM mImAMsAoM ko jaina dRSTi ke anusAra apanAyA hai / viSaya kA vibhAjana - tattvArtha ke varNya viSaya ko umAsvAti ne dasa adhyAyoM meM isa prakAra se vibhAjita kiyA hai-- pahale adhyAya meM jJAna kI, dUsare se pA~caveM taka cAra adhyAyoM meM jJeya kI aura chaThe se dasaveM taka pAMca adhyAyoM meM cAritra kI mImAMsA yahA~ ukta tInoM mImAMsAoM kI kramazaH mukhya va sArabhUta bAte dekara pratyeka kI dUsare darzanoM ke sAtha saMkSepa meM tulanA kI jAtI hai / / jJAnamImAMsA kI sArabhUta bAteM - pahale adhyAya meM jJAna se sambandhita mukhya ATha bAteM isa prakAra haiM - 1. naya aura pramANa rUpa se jJAna kA vibhAjana / 2. mati Adi Agama - prasiddha pA~ca jJAna aura unakA pratyakSaparokSa do pramANoM meM vibhAjana / 3. matijJAna kI utpatti ke sAdhana, unake bheda-prabheda aura unakI utpatti ke kramasUcaka prakAra / 4. jainaparamparA meM pramANa mAne gae Agama-zAstra kA zrutajJAna ke rUpa meM varNana / For Private Personal Use Only

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- 48 - 5. avadhi Adi tIna divya pratyakSa aura unake bheda-prabheda tathA pArasparika antara / 6. pAMcoM jJAnoM kA tAratamya batalAte hue unakA viSaya-nirdeza aura unakI eka sAtha shkytaa| 7. kucha jJAna bhramAtmaka bhI ho sakate hai tathA jJAna kI yathArthatA aura ayathArthatA ke kAraNa / 8. naya ke bheda-prabheda / tulanA-jJAnamImAMsA kI jJAnacarcA 'pravacanasAra' ke jJAnAdhikAra jaisI tarkapUrassara aura dArzanika zailI kI nahIM, balki nandIsUtra kI jJAnacarcA jaisI Agamika zailI kI hokara jJAna ke sampUrNa bheda-prabhedoM kA tathA unake viSayoM kA mAtra varNana karanevAlI aura jJAna-ajJAna ke bIca kA bheda batAnevAlI hai| isameM avagraha, IhA Adi laukika jJAna kI utpatti kA jo krama hai vaha nyAyazAstra kI nirvikalpa-savikalpa jJAna kI aura bauddha abhidhammatyasaMgaho kI jJAnotpatti kI prakriyA kA smaraNa karAtA hai| avadhi Adi tIna divya pratyakSa jJAnoM kA jo varNana hai vaha vaidika aura bauddhadarzana ke siddha, yogI tathA Izvara ke jJAna kA smaraNa karAtA hai| divya jJAna meM varNita manaHparyAya kA nirUpaNa yogadarzana aura bauddhadarzana ke paracittajJAna kA smaraNa dilAtA hai| pratyakSaparokSa rUpa se pramANoM kA vibhAjana vaizeSika aura bauddhadarzana me varNita do pramANoM kA, sAMkhya aura yogadarzana meM varNita tIna pramANoM kA, nyAyadarzana meM prarUpita cAra pramANoM kA' aura mImAMsAdarzana meM pratipAdita cha: Adi 1. tattvArtha, 15-19 / 2. dekheM-muktAvalI, kA0 52 se Age / 3. pariccheda 4, pairegrApha 8 se aage| 4. tattvArtha, 1. 21-26 aura 30 / 5. prazastapAdakaMdalI, pR0 187 / 6. yogadarzana, 3. 19 / 7. abhidhammatthasaMgaho, pari0 9, pairegrApha 24 aura nAgArjuna kA dharmasaMgraha, pR0 4 / 8. tanvArtha, 1. 10-12 / 9. prazastapAdakaMdalI, pR0 213, paM0 12 aura nyAyabindu, 1. 2 / 10. IzvarakRSNakRta sAMkhyakArikA, kA0 4 aura yogadarzana 1. 7 / 11. nyAyasUtra, 1. 1. 3 /

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pramANoM' kA samanvaya hai| isa jJAnamImAMsA meM jJAna-ajJAna kA jo viveka hai vaha nyAyadarzana kI yathArtha-ayathArtha buddhi tathA yogadarzana ke pramANa aura viparyaya ke viveka jaisA hai| isame naya' kA jaisA spaSTa nirUpaNa hai vaisA darzanAntara meM kahIM bhI nahIM hai| saMkSepa me kaha sakate haiM ki vaidika tathA bauddha darzana meM varNita pramANamImAMsA ke sthAna para jainadarzanasammata mAnyatA ko prastuta jJAnamImAMsA me umAsvAti ne byorevAra pratipAdita kiyA hai| jJeyamImAMsA kI sArabhUta bAteM-jJeyamImAMsA me jagat ke mUlabhUta jIva aura ajIva ina do tattvoM kA varNana hai, jinameM se mAtra jIva tattva kI carcA do se cAra taka ke tIna adhyAyoM meM hai| dUsare adhyAya meM jIvatattva ke sAmAnya svarUpa ke atirikta saMsArI jIvoM ke aneka bheda-prabhedoM kA aura unase sambandhita aneka bAtoM kA varNana hai| tIsare adhyAya meM adholokavAsI nArakoM va madhyalokavAsI manuSyoM tathA tiryacoM ( pazupakSI Adi) kA varNana hone se unase sambandhita aneka bAtoM ke sAtha narakabhUmi evaM manuSyaloka kA sampUrNa bhUgola A jAtA hai| cauthe adhyAya meM deva-sRSTi kA varNana hone se usame khagola ke atirikta aneka prakAra ke divyadhAmoM eva unakI samRddhi kA varNana hai| pAMcave adhyAya meM pratyeka dravya ke guNadharma kA sAmAnya svarUpa batalAkara sAdharmya-vaidharmya dvArA dravya mAtra kI vistRta carcA hai / jJeyamImAMsA meM mukhya solaha bAteM AtI hai, jo isa prakAra haiM : dUsare adhyAya meM-1. jIva tattva kA svruup| 2 saMsArI jIva ke bheda / 3. indriya ke bheda-prabheda, unake nAma, unake viSaya aura jIvarAzi meM iMdriyoM kA vibhAjana / 4. mRtyu aura janma ke bIca kI sthiti / 5. janmoM ke aura unake sthAnoM ke bheda tathA unakA jAti kI dRSTi se vibhAjana / 6. zarIra ke bheda, unakA tAratamya, unake svAmI aura eka sAtha unakI shkytaa| 7. jAtiyoM kA liMga-vibhAjana aura na TUTanevAle AyuSya ko bhoganevAloM kA nirdesh| tIsare va cauthe adhyAya meM-8. adholoka ke 1. zAbara-bhASya, 1. 5 / 2. tattvArtha, 1. 33 / 3. tarkasaMgraha-buddhinirUpaNa' / 4. yogasUtra, 1.6 / 5. tattvArtha, 1. 34-35 /

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vibhAga, usameM rahanevAle nAraka-jIva aura unakI dazA tathA AyumaryAdA Adi / 9. dvIpa, samudra, parvata, kSetra Adi dvArA madhyaloka kA bhaugolika varNana tathA usameM rahanevAle manuSya, pazu, pakSI Adi kA jIvana-kAla / 10. devoM kI vividha jAtiyA~, unake parivAra, bhoga-sthAna, samRddhi, jIvanakAla aura jyotirmaNDala arthAt khagola kA varNana / pAMcaveM adhyAya meM-11. dravya ke bheda, unakA paraspara sAdharmya-vaidharmya, unakA sthitikSetra aura pratyeka kA kArya / 12. pudgala kA svarUpa, usake bheda aura utpatti ke kAraNa / 13. sat aura nitya kA sahetuka svruup| 14. paudgalika bandha kI yogyatA aura ayogyatA / 15. dravya-sAmAnya kA lakSaNa, kAla ko dravya mAnanevAlA matAntara aura usakI dRSTi se kAla kA svarUpa / 16. guNa aura pariNAma ke lakSaNa aura pariNAma ke bheda / tulanA-inameM se aneka bAteM AgamoM tathA prakaraNa granthoM meM hai, parantu ve sabho isa grantha kI taraha sakSepa meM saMkalita aura eka hI sthala para na hokara bikharI huI hai| 'pravacanasAra' ke jJeyAdhikAra meM aura 'paMcAstikAya' ke dravyAdhikAra meM Upara ullikhita pAMcaveM adhyAya ke hI viSaya haiM, parantu unakA nirUpaNa isa grantha se bhinna par3atA hai| paMcAstikAya aura pravacanasAra me tarkapaddhati tathA vistAra hai, jaba ki pA~caveM adhyAya me saMkSipta tathA sIdhA varNana hai| Upara dUsare, tIsare aura cauthe adhyAya kI jo sArabhUta bAteM dI hai vaisA akhaNDa, vyavasthita aura sAMgopAMga varNana kisI bhI brAhmaNa yA bauddha mUla dArzanika sUtra-grantha meM dikhAI nahI detaa| bAdarAyaNa ne apane brahmasUtra ke tIsare evaM cauthe adhyAya meM jo varNana diyA hai vaha ukta dUsare, tIsare evaM cauthe adhyAya kI kitanI hI bAtoM ke sAtha tulanA ke yogya hai; kyoMki isame maraNa ke bAda kI sthiti, utkrAti, bhinna-bhinna jAtiyoM ke jIva, bhinna-bhinna loka aura unake svarUpa kA varNana hai| dUsare adhyAya meM jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga kahA gayA hai, vaha AtmavAdI sabhI darzanoM dvArA svIkRta unake jJAna yA caitanya lakSaNa se bhinna nahI hai| vaizeSika aura nyAyadarzana ke indriyavarNana kI apekSA tattvArtha ke dUsare adhyAya kA indriyavarNana bhinna dikhAI dete hue bhI usake indriya 1 dekhe-hinda tattvajJAnano itihAsa, dvitIya bhAga, pR0 162 tathA Age / 2. tattvArtha, 2. 8 / 3. tattvArtha, 2. 15-21 /

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- 51 - sambandhI bheda, unake nAma aura pratyeka kA viSaya nyAya tathA vaizeSika darzana ke sAtha lagabhaga zabdazaH samAna haiN| vaizeSika darzana meM jo pArthiva, jalIya, taijasa aura vAyavIya zarIroM kA varNana hai tathA sAMkhyadarzana meM jo sUkSma liMga aura sthUla zarIra kA varNana hai vaha tattvArtha ke zarIra. varNana se bhinna dikhAI dete hue bhI vAstava meM eka hI anubhava ke bhinna pahaluoM (pAzvo ) kA sUcaka hai| tattvArtha meM jo bIca se Ta sake aura na TUTa sake aisI Ayu kA varNana hai aura usakI jo upapatti batalAI gaI hai usakA yogasUtra aura usake bhASya ke sAtha zabdazaH sAmya hai| tattvArtha ke tIsare tathA cauthe adhyAya meM pratipAdita bhUgolavidyA kA kisI bhI dUsare darzana ke sUtrakAra ne sparza nahIM kiyaa| aisA hote hae bhI yogasUtra 3.26 ke bhASya meM narakabhUmiyoM kA, unake AdhArabhUta ghana, salila, vAta, AkAza Adi tattvoM kA, unameM rahanevAle nArakoM kA, madhyaloka kA, meru kA, niSadha, nIla Adi parvatoM kA, bharata, ilAvRtta Adi kSetroM kA, jambUdvIpa, lavaNasamudra Adi dvIpasamudroM kA, Urdhvaloka-sambandhI vividha svargoM kA, unameM rahanevAlI devajAtiyoM kA, unakI Ayu kA, unake strI, parivAra Adi bhogoM kA aura rahana-sahana kA jo vistRta varNana hai vaha tattvArtha ke tIsare evaM cauthe adhyAya kI trailokya-prajJapti kI apekSA nyUna pratIta hotA hai| isI prakAra bauddha-graMthoM meM vaNita dvIpa, samudra, pAtAla, zIta-uSNa, nAraka aura vividha devoM kA varNana bhI tattvArtha kI trailokyaprajJapti kI apekSA sakSipta hI hai| phira bhI ina varNanoM kA zabdasAmya aura vicAra-paddhati kI samAnatA dekhakara Arya-darzanoM kI vibhinna zAkhAoM kA eka mUla zodhane kI preraNA milatI hai| 1. nyAyasUtra, 1. 1. 12 aura 14 / 2. dekhe-tarkasaMgraha me pRthvI se vAyu taka kA nirUpaNa / 3. sAkhyakArikA, kA0 40 se 42 / 4. tattvArtha, 2. 37-49 / / 5. tattvArtha, 2. 52 / 6. yogasUtra, 3.22; vistAra ke lie dekheM-prastuta prastAvanA, pR0 11-12 / 7. dharmasaMgraha, pR0 29-31 tathA abhidhammatthasaMgaho, pari0 5 pairA 3 se aage| 8. tattvArtha kI zrutasAgarakRta vRtti kI prastAvanA ( pR0 86) meM paM0 mahendrakumAra ne bauddha, vaidika Adi granthoM se loka kA jo vistRta varNana uddhRta kiyA hai vaha purAtana bhUgola-khagola ke jijJAsuoM ke dekhane yogya hai|

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- 52 - pA~caveM adhyAga kI vastu, zailI aura paribhASA kA dUsare darzanoM kI apekSA vaizeSika aura sAkhya darzanoM ke sAtha adhika sAmya hai / isakA Sar3adravyavAda vaizeSika darzana' ke SaTpadArthavAda kI yAda dilAtA hai| isameM prayukta sAdharmya-vaivarmyavAlI zailI vaizeSika darzana ke pratibimba jaisI bhAsita hotI hai| yadyapi dharmAstikAya va adharmAstikAya ina do dravyoM kI kalpanA dUsare kisI darzanakAra ne nahIM kI aura jaina darzana kA AtmasvarUpa bhI dUsare sabhI darzanoM kI apekSA bhinna prakAra kA hai, to bhI AtmavAda aura pudgalavAda se sambandhita bahuta-sI bAtoM kA vaizeSika, sAMkhya Adi ke sAtha adhika sAmya hai| jaina darzana kI taraha nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya Adi darzana bhI AtmabahatvavAdI hI hai| jaina darzana kA pudgalavAda vaizeSika darzana ke paramANuvAda aura sAkhya darzana ke prakRtivAda ke samanvaya kA bhAna karAtA hai, kyoki isame AraMbha aura pariNAma ubhayavAda kA svarUpa AtA hai| eka ora tattvArtha meM kAladravya ko mAnanevAle matAntara kA ullekha aura dUsarI ora usake nizcita rUpa se nirdiSTa lakSaNoM se aisA mAnane ko jI cAhatA hai ki jaina tattvajJAna ke vyavasthApakoM ke Upara kAladravya ke viSaya me vaizeSika aura sAMkhya donoM darzanoM ke mantavya kI spaSTa chApa hai; kyoMki vaizeSika darzana kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnatA hai, jaba ki sAMkhya darzana nahI maantaa| tattvArtha meM 1. vaizeSikasUtra, 1. 1. 4 / 2. prazastapAda, pR0 16 tathA Age / 3. tattvArtha, 5. 1 aura 5 17, vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekhe-jaina sAhitya sazodhaka, khaNDa 3, aGka 1 tathA 4 / 4. tattvArtha, 5 15-16 / 5. tattvArtha, 5. 2 / 6. vyavasthAtA nAnA- 3. 2 20 / 7. puruSabahutvaM siddham sAMkhyakArikA, kA0 18 / 8. tattvArtha, 5. 23-28 / / 9. dekheM-tarkasaMgraha, pRthvI Adi bhUtoM kA nirUpaNa / 10. sAMkhyakArikA, kA0 22 se Age / 11. tattvArtha, 5. 38 / 12. tattvArtha, 5. 22 / 13. 2. 2. 6 /

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- 53 - vaNita kAladravya ke svatantra astitva-nAstitva viSayaka donoM pakSa, jo Age calakara digambara' aura zvetAmbara bhinna-bhinna mAnyatA ke rUpa meM vibhAjita ho gae hai, pahale se hI jaina darzana meM hoge yA unhone vaizeSika aura sAMkhya darzana ke vicAra-saMgharSa ke pariNAmasvarUpa kisI samaya jaina darzana meM sthAna prApta kiyA, yaha zodha kA viSaya hai| parantu eka bAta to spaSTa hai ki mUla tattvArtha aura usakI vyAkhyAo meM kAla ke liMgo kA pratipAdana vaizeSika sUtroM ke sAtha zabdazaH milatA-julatA hai| sat aura nitya kI tattvArthagata vyAkhyA sAMkhya aura yoga darzana ke sAtha sAdRzya rakhatI hai| inameM varNita pariNAminitya kA svarUpa tattvArtha ke sat aura nitya ke sAtha zabdaza: milatA hai| vaizeSika darzana me paramANuoM meM dravyArambha kI jo yogyatA varNita hai vaha tattvArtha meM vaNita paudgalika bandha ( dravyArambha ) kI yogyatA kI apekSA alaga prakAra kI hai| tattvArtha kI dravya aura guNa kI vyAkhyA kA vaizeSika darzana kI vyAkhyA ke sAtha adhika sAdRzya hai| tattvArtha aura sAMkhya-yoga kI pariNAma-sambandhI paribhASA samAna hai| tattvArtha kA dravya, guNa aura paryAya ke rUpa meM sat padArtha kA viveka sAMkhya ke sat aura pariNAmavAda kI tathA vaizeSika darzana ke dravya, guNa aura karma ko mukhya sat mAnane kI pravRtti kA smaraNa dilAtA hai| cAritramImAMsA kI sArabhUta bAteM-jIvana meM kauna-kauna-sI pravRttiyA~ heya hai, inakA mUla bIja kyA hai, heya pravRttiyoM kA sevana karanevAloM ke jIvana kA pariNAma kyA hotA hai, heya pravRttiyoM kA tyAga zakya ho to vaha kina-kina upAyoM se sambhava hai aura inake sthAna para kisa prakAra kI pravRttiyA~ agIkAra kI jAe~, unakA jIvana meM kramazaH aura anta meM kyA pariNAma AtA hai-ye saba vicAra chaThe se dasaveM adhyAya taka kI cAritramImAMsA me Ate haiN| ye saba vicAra jaina darzana ko bilakula alaga paribhASA aura sAmpradAyika praNAlI ke kAraNa mAno kisI bhI darzana ke sAtha 1. dekhe-kundakunda ke pravacanasAra aura paMcAstikAya kA kAlanirUpaNa tathA sarvArthasiddhi, 5. 39 / 2. dekhe--bhASyavRtti, 5. 22 aura prastuta prastAvanA, pR0 10 / 3. prazastapAda, vAyunirUpaNa, pR0 48 / 4. tattvArtha, 5. 32-35 / 5 tattvArtha, 5, 37 aura 40 / 6. prastuta prastAvanA, pR0 10-11 /

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- 54 - sAmya nahIM rakhate, aisA ApAtataH bhAsa hotA hai, to bhI bauddha yA yoga darzana ke sUkSma adhyetA ko yaha jJAta hue binA nahI rahatA ki jaina cAritramImAMsA kA viSaya cAritra-pradhAna ukta do darzanoM ke sAtha adhika se adhika aura adbhuta rUpa se sAmya rakhatA hai| yaha sAmya bhinna-bhinna zAkhAoM meM vibhAjita, vibhinna paribhASAoM meM saMgaThita aura una-una zAkhAoM meM nyUnAdhika vikAsa-prApta parantu mUla meM Arya jAti ke eka hI AcAradAya-AcAraviSayaka uttarAdhikAra kA bhAna karAtA hai| cAritramImAMsA kI mukhya bAteM gyAraha hai : chaThe adhyAya meM-1. Asrava kA svarUpa, usake bheda tathA kisa-kisa prakAra ke Asravasevana se kauna-kauna se karma ba~dhate haiM, isakA varNana hai| sAtave adhyAya meM-2. vrata kA svarUpa, vrata lenevAle adhikAriyoM ke bheda aura vrata ko sthiratA ke mArga kA varNana hai, 3. hisA Adi doSoM kA svarUpa, 4. vrata meM saMbhAvya doSa, 5. dAna kA svarUpa aura usake tAratamya ke hetu kA varNana hai| AThaveM adhyAya meM-6. karmabandha ke mUlahetu aura karmabandha ke bheda hai| naveM adhyAya meM-7. saMvara aura usake vividha upAya tathA usake bheda-prabheda, 8. nirjarA aura usakA upAya, 9. bhinna-bhinna adhikAravAle sAdhaka aura unakI maryAdA kA tAratamya darzAyA hai / dasaveM adhyAya meM-10. kevalajJAna ke hetu aura mokSa kA svarUpa tathA 11. mukti prApta karanevAlI AtmA ko kisa rIti se kahA~ gati hotI hai, isakA varNana hai / tulanA-tattvArtha ko cAritramImAMsA pravacanasAra ke cAritra-varNana se bhinna par3atI hai, kyoMki usameM tattvArtha ke sadRza Asrava, saMvara Adi tattvoM kI carcA nahI hai| usameM to kevala sAdhu kI dazA kA aura vaha bhI digambara sAdhu ke lie vizeSa anukUla dazA kA varNana hai| paMcAstikAya aura samayasAra me tattvArtha ke sadRza hI Asrava, savara, baMdha Adi tattvoM ko lekara cAritra-mImAsA kI gaI hai, to bhI ina donoM meM antara yaha hai ki tattvArtha ke varNana meM nizcaya kI apekSA vyavahAra kA citra adhika khIcA gayA hai, isameM pratyeka tattva se sambandhita sabhI bAteM hai aura tyAgI gRhastha tathA sAdhu ke sabhI prakAra ke AcAra tathA niyama varNita hai jo jainasaMgha kA sagaThana sUcita karate hai, jaba ki paMcAstikAya aura samayasAra meM vaisA nahI hai| unameM to Asrava, saMvara Adi tattvoM kI nizcayagAmI tathA upapattivAlI carcA hai, unameM tattvArtha ke sadRza jaina gRhastha tathA sAdhu ke pracalita vratoM kA varNana nahI hai|

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yogadarzana ke sAtha prastuta cAritramImAMsA kI tulanA ko jitanA avakAza hai utanA hI yaha viSaya dilacaspa hai, parantu yaha eka svataMtra lekha kA viSaya hone se yahA~ usako sthAna nahIM, to bhI jijJAsuoM kA dhyAna khIMcane ke lie unakI svatantra tulanAzakti para vizvAsa rakhakara nIce saMkSepa meM tulanA karane yogya sArabhUta bAtoM kI eka sUcI dI jAtI hai : tattvArthasUtra yogadarzana 1. kAyika, vAcika, mAnasika 1. karmAzaya ( 2. 12) pravRttirUpa Asrava (6. 1) 2. mAnasika Asrava (8.1) 2. nirodha ke viSayarUpa meM lI jAnevAlI cittavRttiyA~ (1.6) 3. sakaSAya va akaSAya-yaha 3. kliSTa aura akliSTa do prakAra do prakAra kA Asrava (6.5) kA karmAzaya ( 2. 12) 4. sukha-duHkha janaka zubha va azubha 4. sukha-du:khajanaka puNya va apuNya Asrava ( 6. 3-4) karmAzaya ( 2. 14) 5. mithyAdarzana Adi bandha ke 5. avidyA Adi pA~ca bandhaka __ pAMca hetu ( 8.1) kle za ( 2.3) 6. pAMcoM meM mithyAdarzana kI 6. pAMcoM meM avidyA kI pradhAnatA pradhAnatA (2. 4) 7. AtmA aura karma kA vilakSaNa 7. puruSa aura prakRti kA vilakSaNa __sambandha hI bandha (8. 2-3) saMyoga hI bandha ( 2. 17) 8. bandha hI zubha-azubha heya 8. puruSa va prakRti kA saMyoga hI heya vipAka kA kAraNa duHkha kA hetu ( 2. 17) 9. anAdi bandha mithyAdarzana ke 9. anAdi saMyoga avidyA ke adhIna adhIna ( 2. 24) 10. karmoM ke anubhAgabandha kA 10. karmo ke vipAkajanana kA mala AdhAra kaSAya ( 6. 5) kleza ( 2. 13) 11. Asravanirodha hI saMvara (9.1) 11. cittavRttinirodha hI yoga (1.2) 12. gupti, samiti Adi aura 12. yama, niyama Adi aura abhyAsa, vividha tapa Adi saMvara vairAgya Adi yoga ke upAya ke upAya (9. 2-3) (1.12 se aura 2. 29 se)

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FRAD 13. ahiMsA Adi mahAvrata ( 7.1 ) 14. hiMsA Adi vRttiyoM meM aihika, pAralaukika doSoM kA darzana karake unheM rokanA ( 7.4 ) 15. hiMsA Adi doSo meM dU khapane kI hI bhAvanA karake unheM tyAganA ( 7.5 ) 16. maitrI Adi cAra bhAvanAe~ ( 7.6 ) 17. pRthaktvavittarkasavicAra aura ekatvavitarkanirvicAra Adi cAra zukla dhyAna ( 9.4146 ) 18. nirjarA aura mokSa ( 9.3 aura 10. 3 ) 19. jJAnasahita cAritra hI nirjarA aura mokSa kA hetu ( 1 . 1 ) 20. jAtismaraNa, avadhijJAnAdi divyajJAna aura vidyAdi labdhiyA~ (1.12 aura 10.7 kA bhASya ) cAraNa 21. kevalajJAna ( 10. 1 ) 56. - 13. ahiMsA Adi sArvabhauma yama ( 230 ) 14. pratipakSa bhAvanA dvArA hiMsA Adi vitarko ko rokanA ( 2. : 3-34 ) 15. vivekI kI dRSTi meM sampUrNa karmAzaya duHkharUpa ( 2.15 ) 16. maitrI Adi cAra bhAvanAe~ ( 1.33 ) 17. savitarka, nirvitarka, savicAra aura nirvicArarUpa cAra saMprajJAta samAdhiyA~ (1.16 ora 41, 44 ) 18. AzikAna - bandhoparama aura sarvathAhAna' ( 2. 25 ) 19. sAMgayogasahita vivekakhyAti hI hAna kA upAya ( 2.26 ) 20. saMyamajanita vaisI hI vibhUtiyA~ ( 2. 29 aura 3. 16 se Age ) 2 21. vivekajanya tAraka jJAna (3.54) inake atirikta kitanI hI bAteM aisI bhI haiM jinameM se eka bAta 1. ye cAra bhAvanAe~ bauddha paramparA me 'brahmavihAra' kahalAtI hai aura una para bahuta jora diyA gayA hai / 2. dhyAna ke ye cAra bheda bauddhadarzana me prasiddha hai / 3. ise bauddhadarzana me 'nirvANa' kahate haiM, jo tIsarA Aryasatya hai / 4. bauddhadarzana meM inake sthAna para pA~ca abhizAe~ hai / dekheM - dharmasaMgraha, pR0 4 aura abhidhammatthasaMgraho, pariccheda 9 pairA 24 / For Private Personal Use Only 1

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57 2 para eka darzana dvArA to dUsarI bAta para dUsare darzana dvArA jora diyA gayA hai, ataH vaha bAta usa usa darzana ke eka viziSTa viSaya ke rUpa meM athavA eka vizeSatA ke rUpa meM prasiddha ho gaI / udAharaNArtha karmasiddhAnta ko lIjie / bauddha evaM yoga darzana meM karma ke mUla siddhAnta to haiM hI / yoga darzana meM to ina siddhAnto kA byorevAra varNana bho hai, phira bhI karma - siddhAnta viSayaka jaina darzana meM eka vistRta aura gaharA zAstra bana gayA hai jaisA ki dUsare kisI bhI darzana meM nahI hai / isI kAraNa cAritramImAMsA meM karma siddhAnta kA varNana karate hue jainasammata sampUrNa karmazAstra vAcaka umAsvAti ne saMkSepa meM hI samAviSTa kara diyA hai / isI prakAra tAttvika dRSTi se cAritra kI mImAMsA jaina, bauddha aura yoga tInoM darzanoM meM samAna hote hue bhI kucha kAraNoM se vyavahAra meM antara dikhAI detA hai aura yaha antara hI usa usa darzana ke anugAmiyoM kI vizeSatA bana gayA hai / kleza aura kaSAya kA tyAga sabhI ke mata meM cAritra hai, use siddha karane ke aneka upAyoM meM se koI eka para to dUsarA dUsare para adhika jora detA hai / jaina AcAra ke saMgaThana meM dehadamana kI pradhAnatA dikhAI detI hai, bauddha AcAra ke sagaThana meM dhyAna para jora diyA gayA hai aura yoga darzanAnusArI parivrAjakoM ke AvAra ke saMgaThana meM prANAyAma, zauca Adi para / yadi mukhya cAritra kI siddhi meM hI dehadamana, dhyAna tathA prANAyAma Adi kA ucita upayoga ho taba to ina sabakA samAna mahattva hai, parantu jaba ye bAhya aga mAtra vyavahAra kI lIka bana jAte hai aura uname se mukhya cAritra kI siddhi ko AtmA nikala jAtI hai tabhI inameM virodha kI gava Ato hai aura eka sampradAya kA anuyAyI dUsare sampradAya ke AcAra kI nirarthakatA batalAne lagatA hai / bauddha sAhitya meM aura bauddha - anugAmI varga meM jainoM ke dehadamanapradhAna tapa kI nindA dikhAI par3atI hai, jaina sAhitya aura jaina - anugAmI varga meM bauddhoM ke sukhazIlavartana aura dhyAna kA tathA parivrAjakoM ke prANAyAma va zauca kA parihAsa dikhAI detA - 1. dekheM --- yogasUtra, 2. 3-14 / 2. tattvArtha, 6. 11-26 aura 8 4-26 / 3. tattvArtha, 9. 9; " dehadukkhaM mahAphalaM " - dazavaikAlika, 8. 27 / 4. majjhimanikAya, sUtra 14 / 5. sUtrakRtAMga, a. 3 u. 4gA. 6 kI TIkA tathA a. 7 mA 14 se Age / For Private Personal Use Only

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58 hai / aisA hone se usa usa darzana kI cAritramImAMsA ke graMthoM meM vyAvahArika jIvana se sambandhita varNana kA vizeSa bhinna dikhAI denA svAbhAvika hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki tattvArtha kI cAritramImAMsA meM prANAyAma yA zauca viSayaka eka bhI sUtra dikhAI nahI detA, tathA dhyAna kA adhika varNana hote hue bhI usakI siddhi ke lie bauddha yA yoga darzana meM varNita vyAvahArika upAya tattvArtha meM nahI hai / isI bhAMti tattvArtha meM parISaha aura tapa kA jaisA vistRta tathA vyApaka varNana hai vaisA yoga yA bauddha darzana kI cAritramImAMsA meM nahI dikhAI detA / isake atirikta cAritramImAMsA ke sambandha meM eka bAta vizeSa dhyAna me rakhane jesI hai / ukta tInoM darzanoM meM jJAna aura cAritra ( kriyA ) donoM kA sthAna hai, phira bhI jaina darzana meM cAritra ko hI mokSa kA sAkSAt kAraNa svIkAra karake jJAna ko usake aMgarUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jaba ki bauddha aura yoga darzanoM meM jJAna ko hI mokSa kA sAkSAt kAraNa mAnakara jJAna ke aMgarUpa meM cAritra ko sthAna diyA gayA hai / yaha bAta ukta tIno darzanoM ke sAhitya tathA unake anuyAyI varga ke jIvana kA bArIkI se adhyayana karanevAle ko jJAta ho jAtI hai / isa kAraNa tattvArtha kI cAritramImAMsA me cAritralakSI kriyAoM kA aura unake bheda-prabhedoM kA adhika varNana svAbhAvika hI hai / tulanA pUrI karane ke pUrva cAritra-mImAMsA ke antima sAdhya mokSa ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM ukta darzanoM kI kyA kalpanA hai, yaha jAna lenA bhI Avazyaka hai / duHkha ke tyAga meM se hI mokSa kI kalpanA udbhUta hone se sabhI darzana duHkha kI Atyantika nivRtti ko ho mokSa mAnate / nyAya, vaizeSika, yoga aura bauddha ye cAroM darzana aisA mAnate hai ki duHkha nAza ke atirikta mokSa meM dUsarI koI bhAvAtmaka vastu nahI hai | ataH unake anusAra mokSa me yadi sukha ho to vaha koI svatantra vastu nahI apitu usa duHkha ke abhAva meM hI paryavasita hai, jaba ki jaina darzana vedAnta kI taraha yaha mAnatA hai ki mokSa-avasthA mAtra duHkhanivRtti nahIM balki isameM viSaya-nirapekSa svAbhAvika sukha jaisI svatantra vastu bhI hai-- mAtra sukha hI nahI, usake atirikta jJAna jaise anya svAbhAvika guNoM kA AvirbhAva jaina darzana isa avasthA meM svIkAra karatA hai, jaba ki 1. dekhe - nyAyasUtra, 1. 1. 22 / 2. dekhe -- vaizeSikasUtra, 5. 2. 18 /

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dUsare darzanoM kI prakriyA ise svIkAra nahIM krtii| mokSa ke sthAna ke sabaMdha meM jaina darzana kA mata sabase nirAlA hai| bauddha darzana meM to svatantra Atma-tattva kA spaSTa sthAna na hone se mokSa ke sthAna ke saMbaMdha meM usameM se kisI bhI vicAra-prApti kI AzA ko avakAza nahIM hai| sabhI prAcIna vaidika darzana Atmavibhutva-vAdI hone se unake mata meM mokSa ke kisI pRthak sthAna kI kalpanA hI nahIM hai, paratu jaina darzana svataMtra AtmatattvavAdI hai, phira bhI Atmavibhutva-vAdI nahI hai, ataH usake lie mokSa ke sthAna kA vicAra karanA Avazyaka ho gayA aura yaha vicAra usane kiyA bhI hai / tattvArtha ke anta meM vAcaka umAsvAti kahate haiM ki mukta hue jIva haraeka prakAra ke zarIra se chuTakara UrdhvagAmI hokara anta meM loka ke agrabhAga meM sthira hote haiM aura sadA vahI rahate haiM / 4. tattvArtha kI vyAkhyAe~ sAmpradAyika vyAkhyAoM ke viSaya meM 'tattvArthAdhigama' sUtra kI tulanA 'brahmasUtra' ke sAtha kI jA sakato hai / jisa prakAra bahuta-se viSayoM meM paraspara nitAnta bhinna mata rakhanevAle aneka AcAryo ne brahmasUtra para vyAkhyAe likhI haiM aura usIse apane vaktavya ko upaniSadoM ke AdhAra para siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, usI prakAra digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoM ke vidvAnoM ne tattvArtha para vyAkhyAe~ likhI haiM aura usIse paraspara virodhI mantavyoM ko bhI Agama ke AdhAra para siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| isase sAmAnya bAta itanI hI siddha hotI hai ki jaise vedAnta-sAhitya meM pratiSThA hone ke kAraNa bhinna-bhinna mata rakhanevAle pratibhAzAlI AcAryoM ne brahmasUtra kA Azraya lekara usI ke dvArA apane viziSTa vaktavya ko darzAne kI AvazyakatA anubhava kI, vaise hI jaina vAGamaya meM sthApita tattvArthAdhigama kI pratiSThA ke kAraNa usakA Azraya lekara donoM sampradAyoM ke vidvAnoM ko apane-apane mantavyoM ko prakaTa karane kI AvazyakatA huI / itanA sthUla sAmya hote hue bhI brahmasUtra kI aura tattvArtha kI sAmpradAyika vyAkhyAoM meM eka vizeSa mahattva kA bheda hai ki tattvajJAna ke jagat, jova, Izvara Adi maulika viSayoM meM brahmasUtra ke prasiddha vyAkhyAkAra eka-dUsare se bahu / hI bhinna par3ate haiM aura bahuta bAra to unake vicAroM meM pUrva-pazcima jitanA aMtara dikhAI detA 1. zaMkara, nimbArka, madhva, rAmAnuja, vallabha Adi /

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- 60 - hai; jabaki tattvArtha ke digambara yA zvetAmbara kisI bhI sampradAya ke vyAkhyAkAroM meM vaisI bAta nahIM hai| unameM tattvajJAna ke maulika viSayoM meM koI antara nahIM hai aura jo thor3A-bahuta aMtara hai vaha bho bilakula sAdhAraNa bAtoM meM hai aura aisA nahIM ki jisameM samanvaya ko avakAza hI na ho athavA vaha pUrva-pazcima jitanA ho / vastutaH jaina tattvajJAna ke mUla siddhAntoM ke sambandha meM digambara va zvetAmbara sampradAyoM meM khAsa matabheda paDA hI nahIM, isase unakI tattvArtha-vyAkhyAoM meM dikhAI denevAlA matabheda bahuta gambhIra nahIM mAnA jaataa| ___ tattvArthAdhigamasUtra para prAcIna-arvAcIna, choTI-bar3I, saMskRta tathA laukika bhASA kI aneka vyAkhyAe~ hai, parantu unameM se jinakA aitihAsika mahattva ho, jaina tattvajJAna ko vyavasthita karane meM tathA vikasita karane me jinakA prAdhAnya ho aura jinakA khAsa dArzanika mahattva ho aisI cAra hI vyAkhyAe~ isa samaya maujUda haiN| unameM se tona to digabara sampradAya kI haiM, jo sAmpradAyika bheda kI hI nahIM balki virodha kI tIvratA bar3hane ke bAda prasiddha digambara vidvAnoM dvArA likhI gaI haiM; aura eka svayaM sUtrakAra vAcaka umAsvAti kI svopajJa hI hai| ataH ina cAra vyAkhyAoM ke viSaya meM hI yahA~ kucha carcA karanA ucita hogaa| ( ka ) bhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi 'bhASya' aura 'sarvArthasiddhi' ina donoM TIkAoM ke viSaya meM kucha vicAra karane ke pahale ina donoM ke sUtrapATho ke viSaya meM vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| yathArtha meM eka hI hote hue bhI bAda meM sAmpradAyika bheda ke kAraNa sUtrapATha do ho gae hai, jinameM eka zvetAmbara aura dUsarA digambara ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| zvetAmbara mAnejAnevAle sUtrapATha ke svarUpa kA bhASya ke sAtha mela baiThane se use bhASyamAnya kaha sakate hai aura digambara mAnejAnevAle sUtrapATha ke svarUpa kA sarvArthasiddhi ke sAtha mela baiThane se use sarvArthasiddhimAnya kaha sakate hai| sabhI zvetAmbara AcArya bhASyamAnya sUtrapATha kA anusaraNa karate hai aura sabhI digambara AcArya sarvArthasiddhimAnya sUtrapATha kaa| sUtrapATha ke sambandha meM nIce likhI cAra bAteM yahA~ jJAtavya haiM -1. sUtrasaMkhyA, 2. arthabheda, 3. pAThAntaraviSayaka bheda aura 4. yathArthatA / 1. isame yazovijayagaNi apavAda hai / dekhe-prastAvanA, pR0 38-40 /

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- 61 - 1. sUtrasaMkhyA-bhASyamAnya sUtroM kI saMkhyA 344 hai aura sarvArthasiddhimAnya sUtroM kI saMkhyA 357 hai| 2. arthabheda-sUtroM kI saMkhyA aura kahI-kahIM zAbdika racanA meM antara hote hue bhI mUlasUtroM se hI artha meM mahattvapUrNa antaravAle tIna sthala haiM, zeSa saba mUlasUtroM se khAsa artha meM antara nahIM pdd'taa| ina tIna sthaloM meM svarga ko bAraha aura solaha saMkhyA viSayaka pahalA ( 4. 20 ), kAla kA svatantra astitva-nAstitva viSayaka dUsarA (5. 38) aura tIsarA puNya-prakRtiyo meM hAsya Adi cAra prakRtiyoM ke hone na hone kA ( 8. 26 ) hai| 3. pAThAntaraviSayaka bheda-donoM sUtrapAThoM ke pArasparika bheda ke atirikta isa pratyeka sUtrapATha meM bhI bheda AtA hai| sarvArthasiddhi ke kartA ne jo pAThAntara nirdiSTa kiyA hai usako yadi alaga kara diyA jAe to sAmAnyataH yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki saba digambara TIkAkAra sarvArthasiddhi-mAnya sUtrapATha me kucha bhI pATha-bheda sUcita nahIM karate / ataH kahanA cAhie ki pUjyAda ne sarvArthasiddhi likhate samaya jo sUtrapATha prApta kiyA tathA sudhArA-bar3hAyA gayA usI ko nirvivAda rUpa se bAda ke sabhI digambara TIkAkAroM ne mAnya rakhA, jaba ki bhASyamAnya sUtrapATha ke viSaya meM aiso bAta nahI hai / yaha sUtrapATha zvetAmbararUpa me eka hone para bhI usameM kitane ho sthAnoM para bhASya ke vAkya sUtrarUpa meM dAkhila ho jAne kA, kitane hI sthAnoM para sUtrarUpa meM mAne jAnevAle vAkyoM kA bhASyarUpa meM gine jAne kA, kahI-kahI mUlataH eka hI sUtra ke do bhAgoM me ba~Ta jAne kA aura kahI mUlataH do sUtra milakara eka hI sUtra ho jAne kA sUcana bhASya kI labhya donoM TIkAoM me sUtroM kI pAThAntara viSayaka carcA se spaSTa hotA hai| 4. yathArthatA-ukta donoM sUtrapAThoM meM mUla kauna-sA hai aura parivartita kauna-sA hai, yaha prazna sahaja utpanna hotA hai| aba taka kie gae vicAra se maiM isa nizcaya para pahuMcA hU~ ki bhASyamAnya sUtrapATha hI mUla hai athavA vaha sarvArthasiddhimAnya sUtrapATha kI apekSA mUla sUtrapATha ke atyanta nikaTa hai| 1. dekhe-2. 53 / 2. dekheM-2. 19; 2. 37; 3. 11; 5. 2-3; 7. 3 aura 5 ityAdi /

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- 62 - sUtrapATha ke viSaya meM itanI carcA karane ke pazcAt aba sUtroM para sarvaprathama racita bhASya tathA sarvArthasiddhi ina do TIkAo ke viSaya meM kucha vicAra karanA Avazyaka lagatA hai| bhASyamAnya sUtrapATha kA mUla honA athavA mUlapATha ke vizeSa nikaTa honA tathA pUrva kathanAnusAra bhASya kA vAcaka umAsvAtikRta honA-ina bAto meM digambara AcAryo kA mauna svAbhAvika hai| kyoMki pUjyapAda ke bAda ke sabhI digambara AcAryo kI TIkAoM kA mUla AdhAra sarvArthasiddhi aura usakA mAnya sUtrapATha hI hai| yadi ve bhASya yA bhASyamAnya sUtrapATha ko umAsvAtikartRka kahate haiM to pUjyapAdasammata sUtrapATha aura usakI vyAkhyA kA prAmANya pUrA-pUrA nahI raha sktaa| digambara paramparA sarvArthasiddhi aura usake mAnya sUtrapATha ko pramANasarvasva mAnatI hai| aisI sthiti me bhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi donoM kI prAmANya-viSayaka jA~ca kie binA yaha prastAvanA adhUrI hI rahatI hai| bhASya kI svopajJatA ke viSaya me koI sandeha na hote hue bhI dalIla ke lie yadi aisA mAna liyA jAe ki yaha svopajJa nahI hai to bhI itanA to nirvivAda rUpa se kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki bhASya sarvArthasiddhi kI apekSA prAcIna hai tathA tattvArthasUtra kI prathama TIkA hai, kyoMki vaha sarvArthasiddhi kI bhA~ti sAmpradAyika nahI hai| isa tattva ko samajhane ke lie yahAM tIna bAtoM kI paryAlocanA kI jAtI hai--(ka) zailI-bheda, (kha ) artha-vikAsa aura (ga) sAmpradAyikatA / (ka) zailI-bheda-kisI eka hI sUtra ke bhASya aura usakI sArthasiddhivAlI vyAkhyA ko sAmane rakhakara tulanA kI dRSTi se dekhanevAle ko yaha mAlUma hue binA nahI rahatA ki sarvArthasiddhi kI apekSA bhASya kI zailI prAcIna hai tayA pada-pada para sarvArthasiddhi me bhASya kA pratibimba hai| ina donoM TIkAoM se bhinna aura dono se prAcIna tIsarI kisI TIkA ke hone kA yatheSTa pramANa jaba taka nahIM milatA taba taka bhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi kI tulanA karanevAle aisA kahe binA nahIM raha sakate ki bhASya ko sAmane rakhakara sarvArthasiddhi kI racanA huI hai| bhASya kI zailI prasanna aura gaMbhIra hai, phira bhI dArzanika dRSTi se sarvArthasiddhi kI zailI niHsandeha vizeSa vikasita aura parimArjita hai| saMskRta bhASA meM lekhana aura jaina sAhitya meM dArzanika zailI ke jisa vikAsa ke pazcAt sarvArthasiddhi likhI gaI hai vaha bhASya meM dikhAI nahIM detA, phira bhI ina donoM racanAoM kI bhASA meM jo bimba-pratibimbabhAva hai usase spaSTa hai ki bhASya hI prAcIna hai|

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udAharaNArtha, prathama adhyAya ke prathama sUtra ke bhASya me samyak zabda ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki 'samyaka' nipAta hai athavA 'sam' upasargapUrvaka 'aJca' dhAtu kA rUpa hai| isa viSaya meM sarvAthasiddhikAra likhate hai ki 'samyak' zabda avyutpanna arthAt vyutpatti-rahita akhaMDa hai athavA vyutpanna hai-dhAtu aura pratyaya dono milAkara vyutpattipUrvaka siddha huA hai / 'aJca' dhAtu ko 'kvip' pratyaya lagAyA jAe taba 'sam +aJcati' isa rIti se 'samyak' zabda banatA hai| 'samyak' zabda viSayaka nirUpaNa kI ukta do zailiyo me bhASya kI apekSA sarvArthasiddhi kI spaSTatA adhika hai| isI prakAra bhASya meM 'darzana' zabda kI vyutpatti ke viSaya me itanA hI likhA hai ki darzana 'dRzi' dhAtu kA rUpa hai, jaba ki sarvArthasiddhi me 'darzana' zabda kI vyutpatti tIna prakAra se spaSTa varNita hai| bhASya me 'jJAna' aura 'cAritra' zabdoM kI vyutpatti spaSTa nahI hai, jaba ki sarvArthasiddhi meM ina donoM zabdoM kI vyutpatti tIna prakAra se spaSTa varNita hai aura bAda meM usakA jainadRSTi se samarthana kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra samAsa meM darzana aura jJAna zabdoM meM pahale kauna Ae aura bAda meM kauna Ae, yaha sAmAsika carcA bhASya meM nahIM hai, jaba ki sarvArthasiddhi meM vaha spaSTa hai| isI taraha pahale adhyAya ke dUsare sUtra ke 'tattva' zabda ke bhASya me mAtra do artha sUcita kie gae haiM, jaba ki sarvArthasiddhi meM ina donoM artho kI vyutpatti kI gaI hai aura 'dRzi' dhAtu kA zraddhA artha kaise liyA jAe, yaha bAta bhI sUcita kI gaI hai, jo bhASya meM nahI hai / ( kha ) arthavikAsa'--artha kI dRSTi se bhI bhASya kI apekSA sarvArthasiddhi arvAcIna pratIta hotI hai / jo eka bAta bhASya meM hotI hai usako vistRta karake-usa para adhika carcA karake-sarvArthasiddhi me nirUpaNa huA hai| vyAkaraNazAstra aura jainetara darzanoM kI jitanI carcA sarvArthasiddhi meM hai utanI bhASya meM nahIM hai| jaina paribhASA kA, sakSipta hote hae bhI, jo sthira vizadIkaraNa aura vaktavya kA jo vizleSaNa sarvArthasiddhi meM hai vaha bhASya meM kama se kama hai| bhASya kI apekSA sarvArthasiddhi kI tArkikatA bar3ha jAtI hai aura bhASya me jo nahI hai aise vijJAnavAdI bauddha Adi ke mantavya usameM jor3e jAte haiM aura itara darzanoM kA khaMDana 1. tulanA kare-1. 2; 1. 12; 1. 32 aura 2. 1 ityAdi sUtroM kA bhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi /

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- 64 - jora pakar3atA hai| ye saba bAteM sarvArthasiddhi kI apekSA bhASya kI prAcInatA ko siddha karatI hai| (ga) sAmpradAyikatA'-ukta do bAtoM kI apekSA sAmpradAyikatA kI bAta adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| kAla-tattva, kevali-kavalAhAra, acelakatva aura strI-mukti jaise viSayoM ke tIvra matabheda kA rUpa dhAraNa karane ke bAda aura ina bAtoM para sAmpradAyika Agraha ba~dha jAne ke bAda hI sarvArthasiddhi likhI gaI hai, jaba ki bhASya meM sAmpradAyika abhiniveza kA yaha tattva dikhAI nahIM detaa| jina bAtoM me rUr3ha zvetAmbara sampradAya ke sAtha digambara sampradAya kA virodha hai una sabhI bAtoM ko sarvArthasiddhi ke praNetA ne sUtroM meM saMzodhana karake yA unake artha meM khIMcatAna karake athavA asagata adhyAhAra Adi karake digambara sampradAya kI anukUlatA kI dRSTi se cAhe jisa rIti se sUtroM meM se utpanna karake nikAlane kA sAmpradAyika prayatna kiyA hai| vaisA prayatna bhASya meM kahIM dikhAI nahI detaa| isase yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki sarvArthasiddhi sAmpradAyika virodha kA vAtAvaraNa jama jAne ke bAda Age calakara likhI gaI hai aura bhASya isa virodha ke vAtAvaraNa se mukta hai| taba yahA~ prazna hotA hai ki isa prakAra yadi bhASya prAcIna hai to use digambara paramparA ne kyo chor3A ? isakA uttara yahI hai ki sarvArthasiddhikAra ko zvetAmbara sampradAya kI jina mAnyatAoM kA khaMDana karanA thA vaha khaMDana bhASya meM nahIM thaa| itanA hI nahIM, bhASya adhikAMzataH rUr3ha digambara paramparA kA poSaka bhI nahIM thA aura bahuta-se sthAnoM para to vaha ulaTA digambara paramparA se bahuta viparIta par3atA thaa| ataH pUjyapAda ne bhASya ko eka ora rakha kara sUtroM para svataMtra TIkA likhI aura sUtrapATha meM iSTa sudhAra tathA vRddhi kI aura usakI vyAkhyA meM jahA~ matabheda 1. dekheM-5. 39; 6. 13; 8. 1; 9. 9, 9. 11, 10. 9 ityAdi sUtroM kI sarvArthasiddhi TIkA ke sAtha unhI sUtroM kA bhASya / 2. tattvArtha, 9. 7 tathA 24 ke bhASya me vastra kA ullekha hai evaM 10. 7 ke bhASya me 'tIrthakarItIrtha' kA ullekha hai| 3. jahA~-jahA~ artha kI khIcatAna kI hai athavA pulAka Adi jaise sthaloM para ThIka-ThIka vivaraNa nahIM ho sakA una sUtroM ko kyoM na nikAla DAlA ? isa prazna kA uttara sUtrapATha kI ati prasiddhi aura nikAla DAlane para aprAmANya kA AkSepa Ane kA Dara thA, aisA jAna par3atA hai /

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- 65 - vAlI bAta AI vahA~ spaSTa rUpa se digambara mantavya hI sthApita kiyA / aisA karane meM pUjyapAda ke lie kundakunda ke grantha mukhya AdhArabhUta rahe hai, aisA jAna par3atA hai| aisA hone se digambara paramparA ne sarvArthasiddhi ko mukhya pramANarUpa meM svokAra kara liyA aura bhASya svAbhAvika rUpa meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya raha gyaa| bhASya para kisI bhI digambara AcArya ne TIkA nahIM likho, isase vaha digambaraparamparA se dUra hI raha gyaa| aneka zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne bhASya para TIkAe~ likhI haiM aura kahI-kahI para bhASya ke mantavyoM kA virodha kie jAne para bhI samaSTi rUpa se usakA prAmANya hI svIkAra kiyA hai| isI lie vaha zvetAmbara sampradAya kA pramANabhUta grantha hai| phira bhI yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki bhASya ke prati digambara paramparA kI jo Ajakala manovRtti dekhI jAtI hai vaha prAcIna digambarAcAryo meM nahIM thii| kyoMki akalaMka jaise pramukha digambarAcArya bhI yathAsambhava bhASya ke sAtha apane kathana kI saMgati dikhAne kA prayatna karake bhASya ke viziSTa prAmANya kA sUcana karate haiM ( dekheM-rAjavArtika 5. 4. 8.) aura kahIM bhI bhASya kA nAmollekhapUrvaka khaNDana nahIM karate yA aprAmANya vyakta nahIM krte| ( kha ) do vArtika granthoM kA nAmakaraNa bhI Akasmika nahIM hotA; khoja kI jAe to usakA bhI viziSTa itihAsa hai| pUrvakAlIna aura samakAlIna vidvAnoM kI bhAvanA se tathA sAhitya ke nAmakaraNa-pravAha se preraNA lekara hI granyakAra apanI kRtiyoM kA nAmakaraNa karate hai| vyAkaraNa para pAtaMjala mahAbhASya kI pratiSThA kA prabhAva bAda ke aneka granthakAroM para par3A, yaha bAta hama unakI kRtiyoM ke bhASya nAma se jAna sakate haiN| isI prabhAva ne, sambhava hai, vA0 umAsvAti ko bhASya nAmakaraNa karane ke lie prerita kiyA ho / bauddha sAhitya meM eka grantha kA nAma 'sarvArthasiddhi' hone kA smaraNa hai| usake aura prastuta sarvArthasiddhi ke nAma kA paurvAparya sambandha ajJAta hai, parantu vArtikoM ke viSaya meM itanA nizcita hai ki eka bAra bhAratIya vAGmaya meM vArtika yuga AyA aura bhinna-bhinna sampradAyoM meM bhinna-bhinna viSayoM para vArtika nAma ke aneka grantha likhe ge| usI kA asara tattvArtha ke prastuta vArtikoM ke nAmakaraNa para hai| akalaMka ne apanI TokA kA nAma 'tattvArthavArtika' rakhA hai, jo rAjavAtika nAma se prasiddha

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hai| vidyAnandakRta tattvArthavyAkhyA kA 'zlokavArtika' nAma kumArila ke 'zlokavArtika' kA anukaraNa hai, isameM koI saMdeha nhii| tattvArthasUtra para likhita akalaGka ke 'rAjavArtika' aura vidyAnanda ke 'zlokavArtika' donoM kA mUla AdhAra sarvArthasiddhi hI hai| yadi akalaGka ko sarvArthasiddhi na milI hotI to rAjavArtika kA vartamAna svarUpa itanA viziSTa nahI hotA aura yadi rAjavAtika kA Azraya na milA hotA to vidyAnanda ke zloka vArtika kI viziSTatA bhI dikhAI na detI, yaha nizcita hai| rAjavAtika aura zlokavAtika ye donoM sAkSAt yA paraparA se sarvArthasiddhi ke RNI hone para bhI donoM meM sarvArthasiddhi kI apekSA vizeSa vikAsa huA hai| udyotakara ke 'nyAyavAtika' kI taraha 'tattvArthavArtika' gadya meM hai, jaba ki 'zlokavArtika' kumArila ke zlokavAtika' tathA dharmakIrti ke 'pramANavArtika' eva sarvajJAtma munikRta saMkSepazArIrakavArtika kI taraha padya meM hai| kumArila kI apekSA vidyAnanda kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhone svayaM hI apane padyavArtika kI TIkA bhI likhI hai| rAjavAtika meM lagabhaga samasta sarvArthasiddhi A jAtI hai, phira bhI usameM navInatA aura pratibhA itanI adhika hai ki sarvArthasiddhi ko sAtha rakhakara rAjavAtika par3hate samaya usameM kucha bhI punarukti dikhAI nahIM detii| lakSaNaniSNAta pUjyapAda ke sarvArthasiddhigata sabhI vizeSa vAkyoM ko akalaGga ne pRthakkaraNa aura vargIkaraNa pUrvaka vArtikoM meM parivartita kara DAlA hai aura vRddhi karane yogya dikhAI denevAlI bAtoM tathA vaise praznoM ke viSaya meM navIna vArtika bhI race hai tathA saba vArtikoM para svayaM hI sphuTa vivaraNa likhA hai| ataH samaSTirUpa se dekhate hue 'rAjavAtika' sarvArthasiddhi kA vivaraNa hone para bhI vastuta: eka svatantra hI grantha hai / sarvArthasiddhi meM jo dArzanika abhyAsa dikhAI detA hai usakI apekSA rAjavArtika kA dArzanika abhyAsa bahuta hI U~cA car3ha jAtA hai| rAjavArtikakAra kA eka dhruva mantra yaha hai ki use jisa bAta para jo kucha kahanA hotA hai use vaha 'anekAnta' kA Azraya lekara hI kahatA hai / 'anekAnta' rAjavArtika kI pratyeka carcA kI cAbI hai| apane samaya taka bhinna-bhinna sampradAyoM ke vidvAnoM ne 'anekAnta' para jo AkSepa kie aura anekAntavAda kI jo truTiyAM batalAI una sabakA nirasana karane aura anekAnta kA vAstavika svarUpa batalAne ke lie hI 1. sAkhyasAhitya me bhI eka rAjavArtika nAma kA grantha thaa|

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-67 - akalaGka ne pratiSThita tattvArthasUtra ke AdhAra para siddhalakSaNavAlI sarvArthasiddhi kA Azraya lekara apane rAjavArtika kI bhavya imArata khar3I kI hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM jo Agamika viSayoM kA ati vistAra hai use rAjava tikakAra ne kama kara diyA hai aura dArzanika viSayoM ko ho prAdhAnya diyA hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM nivAsa karate hue vidyAnanda ne dekhA ki pUrvakAlIna aura samakAlIna aneka janetara vidvAnoM ne jaina darzana para jo AkramaNa kira haiM unakA uttara denA bahuta kucha zeSa hai aura vizeSa kara mImAMsaka kumArila Adi dvArA kie gae jaina darzana ke khaMDana kA uttara die binA unase rahA nahIM gayA, tabhI unhoMne zlokavArtika ko racanA kI / unhoMne apanA yaha uddezya siddha kiyA hai| tattvArthazlokavAtika meM mImAMsA darzana kA jitanA aura jaisA sabala khaDana hai vaisA tattvArthasUtra ko anya kiso TIkA meM nhii| tattvArthazlokavArtika meM sarvArthasiddhi tathA rAjavArtika meM cacita koI bhI mukhya viSaya chUTA nahI; balki bahuta-se sthAnoM para to sarvArthasiddhi aura rAjavArtika kI apekSA zlokavArtika ko carcA bar3ha jAtI hai| kitanI ho bAtoM ko carcA to zlokavAtikama apUrva hI hai| rAjavArtika meM dArzanika abhyAsa kI vizAlatA hai to zlokavArtika meM isa vizAlatA ke sAtha sUkSmatA kA tattva bharA huA dRSTigocara hotA hai| samagra jaina vAGmaya meM jo thor3I-bahuta kRtiyA~ mahatva rakhatI haiM unameM 'rAjavAtika' aura 'zlokavArtika' bhI hai| tattvArthasUtra para upalabdha zvetAmbara sAhitya meM eka bhI anya aisA nahI hai jo rAjavArtika yA zlokavAtika kI tulanA meM baiTha sake / bhASya meM dikhAI denevAlA sAdhAraNa dArzanika abhyAsa sarvArthasiddhi meM kucha gaharA bana jAtA hai aura rAjavArtika meM vaha vizeSa gAr3hA hokara aMta meM zlokavArtika meM khUba jama jAtA hai| rAjavAtika aura zlokavArtika ke itihAsajJa adhyetA ko mAlUma hI ho jAegA ki dakSiNa bhArata meM dArzanika vidyA aura spardhA kA jo samaya AyA aura anekamukhI pAMDitya vikasita huA usI kA pratibimba ina do granthoM meM hai| prastuta donoM vArtika jaina darzana kA prAmANika adhyayana karane ke paryApta sAdhana haiM, parantu inameM se rAjavArtika gadyamaya va sarala tathA vistRta hone se tattvArtha ke samasta TIkA-granthoM kI apekSA pUrti akelA hI kara detA hai| ye do vArtika yadi nahIM hote to dasavIM 1. tulanA kareM-1. 7-8 kI sarvArthasiddhi tathA rAjavArtika /

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-68 - zatAbdI taka ke digambara sAhitya meM jo viziSTatA AI hai aura isakI jo pratiSThA ba~dhI hai vaha nizcaya hI adhurI rhtii| sAmpradAyika hone para bho ye do vArtika aneka dRSTiyo se bhAratIya dArzanika sAhitya meM viziSTa sthAna prApta karane kI yogyatA rakhate hai| inakA avalokana bauddha aura vaidika paramparA ke aneka viSayoM para tathA aneka granthoM para aitihAsika prakAza DAlatA hai| (ga ) do vRttiyA~ mUla sUtra para racI gaI vyAkhyAoM kA saMkSipta paricaya prApta karane ke bAda aba vyAkhyA para racita vyAkhyAoM kA paricaya prApta karanA kramaprApta hai / aisI do vyAkhyAeM isa samaya pUrI-pUrI upalabdha hai, jo zvetAmbara hai| ina donoM kA mukhya sAmya sakSepa me itanA hI hai ki ye vyAkhyAeM umAsvAti ke svopajJa bhASya ko zabdazaH sparza karatI hai aura usakA vivaraNa karatI haiN| bhASya kA vivaraNa karate samaya bhASya kA Azraya lekara sarvatra Agamika vastu kA hI pratipAdana karanA aura jahA~ bhASya Agama se viruddha jAtA dikhAI detA ho vahA~ bhI antataH Agamika paramparA kA hI samarthana karanA, yaha ina dono vRttiyoM kA samAna dhyeya hai / itanA sAmya hote hue bhI ina donoM vRttiyo me paraspara bheda bhI hai| eka vRtti jo pramANa meM baDI hai vaha eka hI AcArya kI kRti hai, jaba ki dUsarI choTI vatti tIna AcAryo kI mizra kRti hai| lagabhaga aThAraha hajAra zloka-pramANa bar3I vRtti meM adhyAyo ke anta me to prAyaH 'bhASyAnusAriNI' itanA hI ullekha milatA hai, jaba ki choTI vRtti ke hara eka adhyAya ke anna kA ullekha kucha na kucha bhinna hai| kahI 'haribhadraviracitAyAm' (prathamAdhyAya kI puSpikA) to kahI 'haribhadro ddhRtAyAm' (dvitIya, caturtha evaM paMcamAdhyAya ke anta meM) hai, kahI 'haribhadrArabdhAyAm' (chaThe adhyAya ke anta meM ) to kahIM 'prArabdhAyAm' ( sAtave adhyAya ke anta meM ) hai, kahI 'yazobhadrAcAryanihDhAyAm' (chaThe adhyAya ke anta meM ) to kahIM 'yazobhadrasUriziSyanirvAhitAyAm' (dasaveM adhyAya ke anta me ) hai, bIca meM kahIM 'tatravAnyakartRkAyAm' (AThaveM adhyAya ke anta meM ) tathA 'tasyAmevAnyakartRkAyAm' ( naveM adhyAya ke anta meM) hai| ina saba ullekhoM meM bhASAzailI tathA samucita saMgati kA abhAva dekhakara kahanA par3atA hai ki ye saba ullekha usa kartA ke apane nahIM haiN| haribhadra ne apane pAMca adhyAyoM ke anta meM svayaM likhA hotA

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69 to ve 'viracita' aura 'uddhRta' aise bhinnArthaka do zabda kabhI prayukta nahIM karate jinase koI eka nizcita artha nahIM nikala sakatA ki vaha bhAga haribhadra ne svayaM nayA racA yA kisI eka yA aneka vRttiyoM kA saMkSepavistAra rUpa meM uddhAra kiyA / isI prakAra yazobhadralikhita adhyAyoM ke anta meM bhI ekavAkyatA nahIM hai / 'yazobhadra nirvAhitAyAm' zabda hone para bho 'anyakartRkAyAm' likhanA yA to vyartha hai yA kisI arthAntara kA sUcaka hai / ye saba asaMgatiyA~ dekhakara anumAna hotA hai ki adhyAya ke antavAle ullekha kisI eka yA aneka lekhakoM ke dvArA eka samaya meM yA alagaalaga samaya meM nakala karate samaya praviSTa hue hai| aise ullekhoM kI racanA kA AdhAra yazobhadra ke ziSya kA vaha padya gadya hai jo usane apanI racanA ke prArambha meM likhA hai / uparyukta ullekhoM ke bAda meM jur3ane kI kalpanA kA poSaNa isase bhI hotA hai ki adhyAyoM ke anta me pAyA jAnevAlA 'DupaDupikAyAm ' pada aneka jagaha truTita hai / jo ho, abhI to una ullekhoM ke AdhAra para nimnokta bAteM niSpanna hotI haiM : 1. tattvArtha-bhASya para haribhadra ne vRtti likhI jo pUrvakAlIna yA samakAlIna choTI-choTI khaNDita va akhaNDita vRttiyoM kA uddhAra hai, kyoki usameM una vRttiyoM kA yathocita samAveza ho gayA hai / 2. haribhadra kI adhUrI vRtti ko yazobhadra ne tathA unake ziSya ne gandhahastI kI vRtti ke AdhAra para pUrA kiyA / 3. vRtti kA DupaDupikA nAma ( agara yaha nAma satya tathA granthakAroM kA rakhA huA ho to ) isalie par3A jAna par3atA hai ki vaha Tukar3e-Tukar3e meM pUrI huI, kisI eka ke dvArA pUrI na bana sakI / kisI prati meM 'dupadupikA' pAThAntara hai / 'DupaDupikA' zabda isa sthAna ke atirikta anyatra kahIM dekhA-sunA nahIM gayA / sambhava hai vaha apabhraSTa pATha ho yA koI dezI zabda rahA ho / jaisI ki maine pahale kalpanA kI thI ki usakA artha kadAcit DoMgI ho, eka vidvAn mitra ne yaha bhI kahA thA ki vaha saMskRta uDUpikA kA bhraSTa pATha hai / para aba socane se vaha kalpanA aura vaha sUcanA ThIka nahI jAna pdd'tii| yazobhadra ke ziSya ne anta meM jo 1. dekheM ---- gujarAtI tattvArtha-vivecana kA paricaya, pR0 84 | For Private Personal Use Only

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-70 - vAkya likhA hai usase to kucha aisA dhvanita hotA hai ki yaha choTI vRtti thoDI ekane raco,thor3o dUsare ne,thor3I tIsare ne isa kAraNa DumaDupikA bana gaI, eka kathA-sI bana gii| __ sarvArthasiddhi aura rAjavArtika ke sAtha siddhasenIya vRtti kI tulanA karane se itanA to spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki jo bhASA kA prasAda, racanA kI vizadatA evaM artha kA pRthakkaraNa sarvArthasiddhi aura rAjavArtika meM hai vaha siddhasenIya vRtti meM nahI hai| isake do kAraNa haiN| eka to hai granthakAra kA prakRtibheda aura dUsarA hai parAzrita rcnaa| sarvArthasiddhikAra aura rAjavAtikakAra sUtro para apanA-apanA vivecana svatantra rUpa se hI karate haiN| siddhasena ko bhASya kA zabdazaH anusaraNa karate hue parAzrita rUpa meM calanA par3A hai| itanA bheda hone para bho samagra rIti se siddhasenIya vRtti kA avalokana karate samaya mana para do bAte aMkita hotI hai| pahalI yaha ki sarvArthasiddhi aura rAjavAtika kI apekSA siddhasenIya vRtti kI dArzanika yogyatA kama nahI hai| paddhati-bheda hone para bhI samaSTarUpa se isa vRtti meM bhI una do granthoM jitanI hI nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga aura bauddha darzanoM kI carcA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki siddhasena apanI vRtti me dArzanika aura tArkika carcA karate hue bho anta meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa kI taraha Agamika paramparA kI prabala rUpa meM sthApanA karate haiM aura isameM unakA pracura Agamika adhyayana dikhAI detA hai| siddhasena kI vRtti se aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki unake samaya taka tattvArtha para aneka vyAkhyAe~ racI jA cukI thii| kisIkisI sthala para eka hI sUtra ke bhASya kA vivaraNa karate hue ve pAMca-chaH taka matAntara nirdiSTa karate hai| isase yaha anumAna karane kA AdhAra milatA hai ki jaba siddhasena ne vRtti likhI taba unake sAmane tattvArtha para racI huI kama-se-kama pAMca TIkAe~ raho hoNgii| siddhasena kI vRtti meM tattvArthagata viSaya-sambandhI jo vicAra aura bhASA kI jo puSTa zailI dikhAI detI hai usase bhalIbhA~ti mAlUma hotA hai ki isa vRtti ke pahale tattvArtha se sambandhita kAphI sAhitya zvetAmbara sampradAya meM likhA gayA aura usame vRddhi bhI huii| 1. dekheM-5. 3 kI siddhasenIya vRtti, pR0 321 /

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- 71 - (gha) khaNDita vRtti bhASya para tIsarI vRtti upAdhyAya yazovijaya kI hai| yadi yaha pUrNa mila jAtI to satrahavoM-aThArahavIM zatAbdI taka prApta honevAle bhAratIya darzanazAstra ke vikAsa kA eka namanA pUrNa karatI, aisA vartamAna meM upalabdha isa vRtti ke eka choTe-se khaNDa se hI kahA jA sakatA hai / yaha khaNDa prathama adhyAya para bhI pUrA nahIM hai aura isameM Upara ko do vRttiyoM ke samAna hI zabdaza: bhASya kA anusaraNa karate hue vivaraNa kiyA gayA hai| aisA hone para bhI isame jo gaharI tarkAnugAmI carcA, jo bahuzranatA evaM jo bhAvAbhivyakti dikhAI detI hai vaha yazovijaya kI nyAyavizAradatA kI paricAyaka hai| yadi inhoMne yaha vRtti sampUrNa racI ho tA DhAI sau varSoM meM hI usa hA sarvanAza ho jAnA sabhava nahI lagatA, ataH isa para zodha-kArya apekSita hai| ratnasiMha kA TippaNa 'anekAnta' varSa 3, kiraNa 1 ( san 1939 ) meM paM0 jugalakizorajI ne tattvArthAdhigamasatra kI saTippaNa eka prati kA paricaya karAyA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki vaha TippaNa kevala mUlasUtrasparzI hai| TippaNakAra zvetAmbara ratnasiMha kA samaya to jJAta nahIM, para uka paricaya meM die gae avataraNoM kI bhASA tathA lekhana-zailI se aipA mAlUma hotA hai ki ratnasiMha 16vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva ke zAyada hI hoN| vaha TippaNa abhI taka chapA nahIM hai / likhita prati ke ATha patra haiM / Upara jo tattvArtha para mahattvapUrNa tathA adhyayana-yogya thor3e se granthoM kA paricaya karAyA gayA hai vaha kevala isalie ki pAThakoM kI jijJAsA jAgrata ho aura unheM isa dizA meM vizeSa prayatna karane kI preraNA mile| vAstava meM pratyeka grantha ke paricaya ke lie eka-eka svatantra nibandha apekSita hai aura ina sabake sammilita paricaya ke lie to eka khAsI moTI pustaka kI apekSA hai jo isa sthala kI maryAdA ke bAhara hai / isalie itane hI paricaya se santoSa dhAraNa kara virAma letA huuN| -~-sukhalAla

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pariziSTa maine paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI tathA paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra se umAsvAti tathA tattvArtha se sambandhita bAtoM ke viSaya meM kucha prazna pUche the / unakI ora se prApta uttara kA mukhya aza unhIM ke zabdoM meM apane praznoM ke sAtha nIce diyA jAtA hai| vartamAna yuga ke digambara vidvAnI meM, aitihAsika kSetra meM, ina donoM kI yogyatA ucca koTi kI rahI hai| ataH pAThakoM ke lie unake vicAra upayogI hone se unheM pariziSTa ke rUpa meM yahAM detA huuN| paM0 jugalakizorajI ke uttara ke jisa aMza para mujhe kucha kahanA hai vaha unake patra ke bAda 'merI vicAraNA' zIrSaka meM kaha diyA gayA hai (Age pRSTha 76) / ( ka ) prazna 1. umAsvAti kundakunda ke ziSya yA vaMzaja hai, isa bhAva kA sabase purAnA ullekha kisa gratha, paTTAvalI yA zilAlekha meM Apake dekhane meM aba taka AyA hai ? athavA yoM kahie ki dasavIM sadI ke pUrvavartI kisa grantha, paTTAvalI Adi meM umAsvAti ke kundakunda ke ziSya yA vaMzaja hone kI bAta milatI hai ? 2. Apake vicAra me pUjyapAda kA samaya kyA hai ? tattvArtha kA zvetAmbara-bhASya Apake vicAra meM svopajJa hai yA nahIM? yadi svopajJa nahI hai to usa pakSa meM mahattvapUrNa dalIleM kyA hai ? 3. digambara paramparA meM koI 'ucca nAgara' nAmaka zAkhA kabhI huI hai aura vAcakavaMza yA vAcakapada dhArI muniyoM kA koI gaNa prAcIna kAla meM kabhI huA hai ? yadi huA hai to usakA varNana yA ullekha kahA~ para hai ? 4. mujhe saMdeha hai ki tattvArthasUtra ke racayitA umAsvAti kundakunda ke ziSya the, kyoki isakA koI bhI prAcIna pramANa abhI taka mujhe nahI milaa| jo mile ve saba bArahavIM sadI ke bAda ke haiN| isalie sarasarI taura para jo bAta dhyAna meM Ae so likhiegaa| 5. prasiddha tattvArthazAstra kI racanA kundakunda ke ziSya umAsvAti ne ko hai, isa mAnyatA ke lie dasavI sadI se prAcIna kyA-kyA pramANa yA - 72 -

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- 73 - ullekha haiM ? kyA digambara sAhitya meM dasavIM sadI se purAnA koI aisA ullekha hai jisameM kundakunda ke ziSya umAsvAti ke dvArA tattvArthasUtra kI racanA karane kA sUcana yA kathana ho ? 6. 'tattvArthasUtrakartAraM gRdhrapicchopalakSitam' yaha padya kahA~ kA hai aura kitanA purAnA hai ? 7. pUjyapAda, akalaMka, vidyAnanda Adi prAcIna TIkAkAroM ne kahIM bhI tattvArthasatra-racayitA ke rUpa meM umAsvAti kA ullekha kiyA hai ? yadi nahIM kiyA hai to bAda meM yaha mAnyatA kaise cala paDI ? (kha) premIjI kA patra "ApakA tA0 6 kA kRpApatra milaa| umAsvAti kundakunda ke vaMzaja haiM, isa bAta para mujhe jarA bhI vizvAsa nahI hai| yaha daza-kalpanA usa samaya kI gaI hai jaba tattvArthasUtra para sarvArthasiddhi, zlokavArtika, rAjavAtika Adi TIkAe~ bana cukI thI aura digambara sampradAya ne isa graMtha ko pUrNatayA apanA liyA thaa| dasavI zatAbdI ke pahale kA koI bhI ullekha abhI taka mujhe isa sambandha meM nahIM milA / merA vizvAsa hai ki digambara sampradAya meM jo bar3e-bar3e vidvAn grathakartA hue hai, prAyaH ve kisI maTha yA gaddI ke paTTadhara nahIM the| parantu jina logoM ne garvAvalI yA paTTAvalI banAI hai unake mastaka meM yaha bAta bharI huI thI ki jitane bhI AcArya yA granyakartA hote haiM ve kisI-na-kisI gaddI ke adhikArI hote haiN| isalie unhoMne pUrvavartI sabho vidvAno kI isI bhramAtmaka vicAra ke anusAra khataunI kara DAlI hai aura unhe paTTadhara banA DAlA hai| yaha to unhe mAlUma nahIM thA ki umAsvAti aura kundakunda kisa-kisa samaya meM hue haiN| parantu cUMki ve bar3e AcArya the aura prAcIna the, isalie unakA sambandha jor3a diyA aura guru-ziSya yA ziSya-guru banA diyA / yaha socane kA unhoMne kaSTa nahIM uThAyA ki kundakunda karnATaka deza ke kuMDakuDa grAma ke nivAsI the aura umAsvAti bihAra me bhramaNa krnevaale| unake sambandha kI kalpanA bhI eka taraha se asambhava hai| zrutAvatAra, AdipurANa, harivaMzapurANa, jambUdvIpaprajJapti Adi prAcIna granthoM meM jo prAcIna AcArya-paramparA dI huI hai usameM umAsvAti kA bilakula ullekha nahIM hai| zrutAvatAra meM kuMdakuda kA ullekha hai aura unhe eka bar3A TIkAkAra batalAyA hai parantu unake Age yA pIche umAsvAti kA koI ullekha nahIM hai / indranandI kA zru tAvatAra yadyapi bahuta purAna

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nahIM hai phira bhI aisA jAna par3atA hai ki vaha kisI prAcIna racanA kA rUpAntara hai aura isa dRSTi se usakA kathana pramANakoTi kA hai| 'darzanasAra' 660 saMvat kA banAyA huA hai, usameM padmanandI yA kundakunda kA ullekha hai parantu umAsvAti kA nahI / jinasena ke samaya rAjavArtika aura zlokavArtika bana cuke the parantu unhone bhI bIsoM AcAryoM aura granthakartAoM kI prazaMsA ke prasaMga meM umAsvAti kA ullekha nahIM kiyA, kyoMki ve unheM apanI paramparA kA nahIM samajhate the / eka bAta aura hai / AdipurANa, harivaMzapurANa Adi ke kartAo ne kundakunda kA bhI ullekha nahI kiyA hai, yaha eka vicAraNIya bAta hai / merI samajha meM kundakunda eka khAsa AmnAya yA sampradAya ke pravartaka the / unhoMne jainadharma ko vedAnta ke sA~ce meM DhAlA thaa| jAna par3atA hai ki jinasena Adi ke samaya taka u kA mata sarvamAnya nahIM huA aura isIlie unake prati unheM koI AdarabhAva nahIM thaa| 'tattvArthazAstrakartAraM gRdhrapicchopalakSitam' yaha zloka mAlUma nahIM kahA~ kA hai aura kitanA purAnA hai| tattvArthasUtra kI mUla pratiyoM meM yaha pAyA jAtA hai / kahIM-kahI kundakunda ko bhI gRdhrapiccha likhA hai / gRdhrapiccha nAma ke eka aura bhI AcArya kA ullekha hai| jainahitaiSI, bhAga 10, pRSTha 369 aura bhAga 15, aMka 6 ke kundakunda sambandhI lekha paDhavA kara dekha liijiegaa| SaTpAhuDa kI bhUmikA bhI par3havA lIjiegA / zratasAgara ne AzAdhara ke mahAbhiSeka kI TIkA saMvat 1582 meM samApta kI hai| ataeva ye vikrama kI sAlahavI zatAbdI ke hai / tattvArtha kI vatti ke aura paTanAhaDa kI tathA yazastilaka kI TIkA ke kartA bhI yahI hai / dUsare zrutasAgara ke viSaya me mujhe mAlUma nahI / " / (ga) jugalakizorajI mukhtAra kA patra "Apake prazno kA mai sarasarI taura se kucha uttara diye detA hU~ : 1. abhI taka jo digambara paTTAliyAM granthAdikoM meM dI huI gurvAvaliyoM se bhinna upalabdha huI haiM ve prAya. vikrama ko 12vIM zatAbdI ke bAda kI banI huI jAna par3atI haiM, aisA kahanA ThIka hogaa| unameM sabase purAnI kauna-sI hai aura vaha kaba kI banI huI hai, isa viSaya meM mai isa samaya kucha nahIM kaha sktaa| adhikAMza paTTAvaliyoM para nirmANa ke sama

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- 75 - yAdi kA kucha ullekha nahIM hai aura aisA bhI anubhava hotA hai ki kisIkisI meM aMtima Adi kucha bhAga pIche se bhI zAmila huA hai| kundakunda tathA umAsvAti ke sambandhavAle kitane hI zilAlekha tathA prazastiyA~ haiM, parantu ve saba isa samaya mere sAmane nahI haiN| hA~, zravaNabelgola ke jaina zilAlekhoM kA saMgraha isa samaya mere sAmane hai, jo mANikacaMdra diga0 jaina granthamAlA kA 28 vaoN grantha hai / isameM 40,42,43, 47, 50, 105 aura 108 nambara ke 7 zilAlekha dono ke ullekha tathA sambandha ko liye hue hai| pahale paoNca lekho meM 'tadanvaye' pada ke dvArA tathA naM0 108 meM 'vaMze tadIye' padoM ke dvArA umAsvAti ko kundakunda ke vaza meM likhA hai| prakRta vAkyoM kA ullekha 'svAmI samantabhadra' ke pa0 158 para phuTanoTa meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| inameM sabase purAnA zilAlekha naM0 47 hai, jo zaka saM0 1037 kA likhA huA hai| 2. pUjyapAda kA samaya vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI hai, isakI vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie 'svAmI samantabhadra' ke pR0 141 se 143 taka dekhie| tattvArtha ke zvetAmbarIya bhASya ko mai abhI taka svopajJa nahIM samajhatA huuN| usa para kitanA hI saMdeha hai, jisa sabakA ullekha karane ke lie mai isa samaya taiyAra nahIM huuN| 3. digambarIya paramparA meM muniyoM kI koI uccanAgara zAkhA bhI huI hai, isakA mujhe abhI taka kucha patA nahIM hai aura na 'vAcakavaza' yA 'vAcaka' padadhArI muniyoM kA koI vizeSa hAla mAlUma hai / hA~, 'jinendrakalyANAbhyudaya' grantha meM 'anvayAvali' kA varNana karate hue kundakunda aura umAsvAti donoM ke lie 'vAcaka' pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, janA ki usake nimna padya se prakaTa hai : puSpadanto bhUtabalijinacandro muniH punH| kundakundamunIndromAsvAtivAcakasaMjJitau // 4 kundakunda aura umAsvAti ke sambandha kA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai / mai abhI taka umAsvAti ko kundakunda kA nikaTAnvayI mAnatA hU~ziSya nahI / ho sakatA hai ki ve kundakunda ke praziSya rahe hoM aura isakA ul dekha maine 'svAmI samantabhadra' me pR0 158-159 para bhI kiyA hai| ukta itihAsa meM 'umAsvAti-samaya' aura 'kundakunda-samaya' nAmaka donoM lekhoM ko eka bAra par3ha jAnA caahie|

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- 76 - ___ 5. vikrama kI 10 vI zatAbdI se pahale kA koI ullekha mere dekhane meM aisA nahI AyA jisameM umAsvAti ko kundakunda kA ziSya likhA ho / 6. 'tattvArthasUtrakartAraM gRdhrapicchopalakSitam' yaha padya tattvArthasUtra kI bahuta-sI pratiyoM ke anta me dekhA jAtA hai, parantu vaha kahA~ kA hai aura kitanA purAnA hai, yaha abhI kucha nahI kahA jA sktaa| 7. pUjyapAda aura akalaGkadeva ke viSaya meM to abhI ThIka nahI kaha sakatA, parantu vidyAnanda ne to tattvArthasUtra ke kartArUpa se umAsvAti kA ullekha kiyA hai-zlokavArtika meM unakA dvitIya nAma gRdhrapicchAcArya diyA hai aura zAyada AptaparIkSA-TIkA Adi meM 'umAsvAti' nAma kA bhI ullekha hai| isa taraha yaha Apake donoM patroM kA uttara hai, jo isa samaya bana sakA hai| vizeSa vicAra phira kisI samaya kiyA jaaegaa|" (gha) merI vicAraNA vikrama ko 9-10vIM zatAbdI ke digambarAcArtha vidyAnanda ne AptaparIkSA ( zloka 119 ) kI svopajJavRtti meM tattvArthasUtrakArairumAsvAmiprabhRtibhiH aisA kathana kiyA hai aura tattvArtha-zlokavArtika kI svopajJavRtti ( pR0 6, paM0 31) me inhIM AcArya ne etena gadhrapicchAcAryaparyantamunisUtreNa vyabhicAritA nirastA aisA kathana kiyA hai / ye donoM kathana tattvArthazAstra ke umAsvAti-racita hone aura umAsvAti tathA gRdhrapiccha, AcArya donoM ke abhinna hone ko sUcita karate haiM aisI paM0 jugalakizorajI kI mAnyatA jAna par3atI hai| parantu yaha mAnyatA vicAraNIya hai, ataH isa viSaya meM apanI vicAraNA ko saMkSepa meM batalA denA ucita hogaa| pahale kathana meM 'tattvArthasatrakAra' yaha umAsvAti vagairaha AcAryo kA vizeSaNa hai, na ki mAtra umAsvAti kA / aba yadi mukhtArajI ke kathanAnusAra artha kiyA jAe to aisA phalita hotA hai ki umAsvAti vagairaha AcArya tattvArthasUtra ke kartA haiM / yahA~ tattvArthasUtra kA artha yadi tattvArthAdhigamazAstra kiyA jAe to yaha phalita artha dUSita ThaharatA hai, kyoMki tattvArthAdhigamazAstra akele umAsvAmI dvArA racita mAnA jAtA hai, na ki umAsvAmI Adi aneka AcAryo dvArA / isase vizeSaNagata tattvArthasUtra pada kA artha mAtra tattvArthAdhigamazAstra na karake 'jina-kathita tattvapratipAdaka sabhI grantha' itanA karanA caahie| isa artha se

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-77 - phalita hotA hai jina-kathita tattvapratipAdaka grantha ke racanevAle umAsvAmI vagairaha AcArya / isa phalita artha ke anusAra sodhe taura para itanA hI kaha sakate hai ki vidyAnanda kI dRSTi meM umAsvAmI bho jinakathita tattvapratipAdaka kisI grantha ke praNetA hai| yaha grantha bhale hI vidyAnanda kI dRSTi meM tattvArthAdhigamazAstra hI ho, parantu isakA yaha Azaya ukta kathana meM se dUsare AdhAroM ke binA sIdhe taura para nahI nikltaa| isase vidyAnanda ke AptaparIkSAgata pUrvokta kathana se hama itanA hI Azaya nikAla sakate haiM ki umAsvAmI ne jaina tattva para koI grantha avazya racA hai| pUrvokta dUsarA kathana tattvArthAdhigamazAstra kA pahalA mokSamArgaviSayaka sUtra sarvajJavItarAga-praNIta hai, isa bAta ko siddha karanevAlI anumAna-carcA meM AyA hai| isa anumAna-carcA meM mokSamArga-viSayaka sUtra pakSa hai, sarvajJavItarAgapraNItatva sAdhya hai aura sUtratva hetu hai| isa hetu meM vyabhicAradoSa kA nirasana karate hue vidyAnanda ne 'etena' ityAdi kathana kiyA hai| vyabhicAradoSa pakSa se bhinna sthala me saMbhavita hotA hai| pakSa to mokSamArgaviSayaka prastuta tattvArthasatra hI hai, isase vyabhicAra kA viSayabhUta mAnA jAnevAlA gRdhrapicchAcAya paryanta muniyoM ko sUtra vidyAnanda kI dRSTi meM umAsvAti ke pakSabhUta mokSamArga-viSayaka prathama sUtra se bhinna hI honA caahie| yaha bAta aisI hai ki nyAyavidyA ke abhyAsI ko zAyada hI samajhAnI paDe / vidyAnanda kI dRSTi meM pakSarUpa umAsvAti ke sUtra kI apekSA vyabhicAra ke viSayarUpa se kalpita kiyA sUtra alaga hI hai, isIse unhone isa vyabhicAradoSa kA nivAraNa karane ke bAda hetu meM asiddhatA doSa ko dUra karate hue 'prakRtasUtre' kahA hai| prakRta arthAt jisakI carcA prastuta hai vaha umAsvAmI kA mokSamArga-viSayaka sUtra / asiddhatA doSa kA nivAraNa karate hue sUtra ko 'prakRta' vizeSaNa diyA hai aura vyabhicAra doSa ko dUra karate hue vaha vizeSaNa nahIM diyA tathA pakSarUpa sUtra meM vyabhicAra nahI AtA, yaha bhI nahI kahA, balki spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA hai ki gRdhrapicchAcArya paryanta muniyoM ke sUtroM meM vyabhicAra nahI aataa| yaha saba nirvivAdarUpa se yahI sUcita karatA hai ki vidyAnanda umAsvAmI se gRdhrapiccha ko bhinna hI samajhate haiM, donoM ko eka nahI / isI abhiprAya kI puSTi meM eka dalIla yaha bhI hai 'ki vidyAnanda yadi gRdhrapiccha aura umAsvAmI ko abhinna hI samajhate

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-78 hote to eka jagaha umAsvAmI aura dUsarI jagaha 'gRdhrapiccha AcArya' itanA vizeSaNa hI unake lie prayukta na karate balki 'gRdhrapiccha' ke bAda ve 'umAsvAmI' zabda kA prayoga karate / ukta donoM kathanoM kI merI vicAraNA yadi asatya na ho to yaha phalita hotA hai ki vidyAnanda kI dRSTi meM umAsvAmI tattvArthAdhigamazAstra ke praNetA hoge, parantu unakI dRSTi me gRdhrapiccha aura umAsvAmo ye dono nizcaya hI bhinna hone caahie| ___ gRdhrapiccha, balAkapiccha, mayUgIccha Adi vizeSaNoM kI sRSTi nagnatvamalaka vastra-pAtra ke tyAgavAlo digambara bhAvanA meM se huI hai| yadi vidyAnanda ne umAsvAmI ko nizcayapUrvaka digambara samajhA hotA to ve unake nAma ke sAtha prAcIna samaya me lagAe jAnevAle gRdhrapiccha Adi vizeSaNa jarUra lagAte / ataeva kaha sakate hai ki vidyAnanda ne umAsvAmI ko zvetAmbara, digambara yA kisI tIsare sampradAya kA sUcita hI nahI kiyA hai| -sukhalAla

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adhyayana viSayaka sUcanAe~ jaina darzana kA prAmANika adhyayana karane ke icchuka jaina-jainetara vidyArthI evaM zikSaka yaha pUchate hai ki aisI eka pustaka kauna-sI hai jisakA saMkSipta tathA vistRta adhyayana kiyA jA sake aura usase jaina darzana me sannihita muddoM ke pratyeka viSaya kA jJAna ho ske| isa prazna ke uttara meM 'tattvArtha' ke sivAya anya kisI pustaka kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| tattvArtha kI itanI yogyatA hone se Ajakala jahA~-tahA~ jaina darzana ke pAThyakrama meM isakA sarvaprathama sthAna rahatA hai| phira bhI usakI adhyayana-paripATI kI jo rUparekhA hai vaha vizeSa phalaprada pratIta nahIM hotii| isalie usakI adhyayana-paddhati ke viSaya me yahA~ para kucha sUcanAe~ denA aprAsaMgika na hogaa| sAmAnyataH tattvArtha ke zvetAMbara pAThaka usakI digambara TIkAo ko nahIM dekhate aura digambara pAThaka zvetAmbara TIkAoM ko nahIM dekhate / isakA kAraNa sakUcita dRSTi, sAmpradAyika abhiniveza, jAnakArI kA abhAva athavA cAhe jo ho para agara yaha dhAraNA sahI ho to isake kAraNa pAThaka kA jJAna kitanA sakUcita rahatA hai, usakI jijJAsA kitanI aparitRpta rahatI hai aura usako tulanA tathA parokSaNa karane kI zakti kitanI kuMThita rahatI hai tathA usake pariNAmasvarUpa tattvArtha ke pAThaka kA prAmANya kitanA alpa nirmita hotA hai, ise samajhane ke lie vartamAna ko sabhI jaina saMsthAo ke vidyArthiyo se adhika dUra jAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM / jJAna ke mArga meM, jijJAsA ke kSetra me aura satyAnveSaNa meM caukAbadI ko arthAt dRSTi-saMkoca yA sampradAya-moha ko sthAna ho to usase mUla vastu hI siddha nahIM hotii| jo tulanA ke vicAra mAtra se hI Dara jAte hai ve yA to apane pakSa kI prAmANikatA tathA sabalatA ke viSaya meM zaMkita hote haiM yA dUsare ke pakSa ke sAmane khar3e hone kI zakti kama rakhate haiM athavA asatya ko chor3akara satya ko svIkAra - rane meM hicakicAte haiM tathA apanI satya bAta ko bhI siddha karane ke lie paryApta buddhibala aura dhairya nahIM rkhte| jJAna kA artha yahI hai ki saMkucitatA, badhana aura

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-80 - avarodhoM kA atikramaNa kara AtmA ko vistRta kiyA jAe aura satya ke lie gaharA utarA jaae| isalie zikSakoM ke samakSa nimnokta paddhati rakhatA huuN| ve isa paddhati ko antima na mAnakara usameM bhI anubhava se sudhAra kareM aura vAstava me to adhyayana karanevAle apane vidyArthiyoM ko sAdhana banAkara svayaM taiyAra hoN| 1. mUlasUtra kA saralatApUrvaka jo artha ho vaha kiyA jAya / 2. bhASya sarvArthasiddhi ina donoM meM se kisI eka TIkA ko mukhya rakha use pahale par3hAyA jAe aura phira turata hI dUsarI / isa vAcana meM nIce kI khAsa bAtoM kI ora vidyArthiyo kA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA jAe (ka) kauna-kauna se viSaya bhASya tathA sarvArthasiddhi meM eka samAna hai aura samAnatA hone para bhI bhASA tathA pratipAdana-zailI meM kitanA antara par3atA hai ? ( kha ) kauna-kauna se viSaya eka meM haiM aura dUsare meM nahIM? agara hai to rUpAntara se jo viSaya dUsare meM chor3a die gae ho yA jinako navIna rUpa se carcA kI gaI ho ve kauna se hai aura isakA kAraNa kyA hai ? (ga) uparyukta praNAlI ke anusAra bhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi ina dono kA pRthakkaraNa karane ke bAda jo vidyArthI adhika yogya ho use 'prastAvanA' meM do huI tulanA ke anusAra anya bhAratIya darzanoM ke sAtha tulanA karane ke lie prerita kiyA jAe aura jo vidyArthI sAdhAraNa ho use bhaviSya meM aisI tulanA karane kI dRSTi se kucha rocaka sUcanAe~ kI jaaeN| (gha) Upara dI huI sacanA ke anusAra pATha par3hAne ke bAda par3he hae usI satra kA rAjavArtika svayaM par3ha jAne ke lie vidyArthiyoM se kahA jaae| ve yaha sampUrNa rAjavArtika par3ha kara usameM se pUchane yogya prazna yA samajhane ke viSaya noTa karake dUsare dina zikSaka ke sAmane rkheN| isa carcA ke samaya zikSaka yathAsambhava vidyArthiyoM meM hI paraspara carcA karA kara unake dvArA hI ( svaya kevala taTastha sahAyaka raha kara ) khlvaae| bhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi kI apekSA rAjavArtika meM kyA kama huA hai, kitanI vRddhi huI hai, kyA-kyA navIna hai-yaha jAnane kI dRSTi vidyArthiyoM meM parimArjita ho| 3. isa taraha bhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi kA adhyayana rAjavArtika ke avalokana ke bAda puSTa hone para ukta tInoM granthoM meM nahIM hoM, aise aura

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khAsa dhyAna dene yogya jo-jo viSaya zlokavArtika meM cacita hoM una viSayoM kI sUcI taiyAra karake rakhanA evaM anukUlatA ke anusAra unheM vidyArthiyoM ko par3hAnA yA svayaM par3hane ke lie kahanA caahie| itanA hone ke bAda sUtra kI ukta cAroM TIkAoM ne kramazaH kitanA aura kisakisa prakAra kA vikAsa kiyA hai aura aisA karane meM una-una TIkAoM ne anya darzanoM se kitanA lAbha uThAyA hai yA anya darzanoM ko unakI kyA dena hai, ye sabhI bAteM vidyArthiyoM ko samajhAnI caahie| 4. kisI paristhiti ke kAraNa rAjavArtika kA paThana-pAThana sambhava na ho tathApi zlokavArtika ke samAna rAjavArtika meM bhI jo-jo viSaya adhika sundara rUpa meM cacita hoM aura jinakA jaina-darzana ke anusAra bahuta adhika mahattva ho unakI eka sUcI taiyAra karanA to vidyArthiyoM ko sikhAnA hI cAhie / bhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi ye do grantha pAThyakrama meM niyata hoM aura rAjavArtika tathA zlokavArtika ke ve viziSTa prakaraNa bhI sammilita kie jAe~ jo ukta donoM granthoM me acita hoM evaM zeSa sabhI avaziSTa viSaya aicchika rheN| udAharaNArtha rAjavArtika kI saptabhaMgI aura anekAntavAda kI carcA tathA zlokavArtika kI sarvajJa, Apta, jagatkartA Adi kI, naya kI, vAda kI aura pRthvI-bhramaNa kI carcA / isI prakAra tattvArthabhASya kI siddhasenIya vRtti se viziSTa carcAvAle bhAgoM ko chAMTakara unheM pAThyakrama meM rakhanA caahie| udAharaNArtha 1. 1; 5. 29, 31 ke bhASya kI vRtti meM AI huI carcAe~ / 5. adhyayana prArambha karane se pahale zikSaka tattvArtha kA bAhya aura Abhyantarika paricaya karAne ke lie vidyArthiyoM ke samakSa rucikara pravacana kare evaM unameM dilacaspI paidA kre| darzanoM ke itihAsa evaM krama-vikAsa kI ora vidyArthiyoM kA dhyAna AkarSita karane ke lie bIca-bIca meM prasaMgAnusAra samucita pravacanoM kI vyavasthA bhI kI jAnI caahie| 6. bhUgola, khagola, svarga tathA pAtAla viSayaka vidyA ke tIsare evaM cauthe adhyAya ke zikSaNa ke viSaya meM do virodhI pakSa haiN| eka pakSa use zikSaNa meM rakhane kA virodha karatA hai, jaba ki dUsarA usa zikSaNa ke binA sarvajJa-darzana ke adhyayana ko adhUrA mAnatA hai| ye donoM ekAnta ( Agraha ) kI antima sImAe~ haiM / isalie zikSaka ke lie yahI samucita hai ki vaha ina donoM adhyAyoM kA zikSaNa dete hue bhI usake pIche

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- 82 rahI huI dRSTi meM parivartana kare / tosare evaM cauthe adhyAya kA sArA varNana sarvajJa-kathita hai, isameM kiMcit bhI parivartana yA sazodhana nahI ho sakatA, Ajakala ke sabhI vaijJAnika anveSaNa aura vicAra jaina-zAstroM ke viruddha hone ke kAraNa sarvathA mithyA evaM tyAjya hai-isa prakAra kA Agraha rakhane kI apekSA eka samaya AryadarzanoM me svarga-naraka, bhUgola-khagola viSayaka kaisI-kaisI mAnyatAeM pracalita thI aura ina mAnyatAoM meM jainadarzana kA kyA sthAna hai-isa aitihAsika dRSTi se ina adhyAyoM kA zikSaNa diyA jAe to mithyA samajhakara tyAga dene yAgya viSayo me bhI jAnane yogya bahuta-kucha baca rahatA hai| isase satya-zodhana ke lie jijJAsA kA kSetra taiyAra hotA hai aura jo satya hai use buddhi kI kasauTI para kasane kI vizeSa preraNA milatI hai| 7. uccastarIya vidyArthiyo tathA gaveSakoM ke lie mai kucha sUcanAe~ aura bhI karanA cAhatA huuN| pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki tattvArthasUtra aura bhASya Adi me Ae hue muddo kA udgamasthAna kina-kina zvetAmbara tathA digambara prAcIna granthoM me hai, yaha aitihAsika dRSTi se dekhanA cAhie aura phira unakI tulanA karanI caahie| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki una muddoM ke viSaya meM bauddha piTaka tathA mahAyAna zAkhA ke amuka grantha kyA kahate haiM, unameM isa viSaya kA kaisA varNana hai, yaha dekhanA caahie| sabhI vaidika darzanoM ke mala sUtroM aura bhASyo se etadviSayaka sIdhI jAnakArI prApta karake unakI tulanA karanI caahie| maine aisA kiyA hai aura merA anubhava hai ki tattvajJAna tathA AcAra ke kSetra meM bhAratIya AtmA eka hai| astu, aisA adhyayana kie binA tattvArtha kA pUrA mahattva dhyAna meM nahIM A sktaa| 8. yadi prastuta hindI vivecana dvArA hI tattvArthasUtra par3hAyA jAe to zikSaka pahale eka-eka sUtra lekara usake sabhI viSaya maukhika rUpa meM samajhA de aura usame vidyArthiyoM kA praveza ho jAne para usa-usa bhAga ke prastuta vivecana kA vAcana svayaM vidyArthiyoM se hI karAe aura praznoM ke dvArA vizvAsa kara le ki viSaya unakI samajha meM A gayA hai| 9. prastuta vivecana dvArA eka saMdarbha paryaMta sUtra athavA saMpUrNa adhyAya kI paDhAI hone ke bAda 'prastAvanA' meM nirdiSTa tulanAtmaka dRSTi ke AdhAra para zikSaka sakSama vidyArthiyoM ke samakSa paDhAe gae viSayoM kI spaSTa tulanA kre|

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uparyukta paddhati ke anusAra zikSaNa dene meM niHsaMdeha zikSaka para bhAra baDhatA hai, para usa bhAra ko utsAha aura buddhipUrvaka uThAe binA zikSaka kA sthAna ucca nahIM bana sakatA aura vidyArthI-varga bhI vicAradaridra hI raha jAtA hai| isalie zikSaka ko adhika se adhika taiyArI karanI cAhie aura usakI saphalatA ke lie vidyArthiyoM kA mAnasa taiyAra karanA cAhie / jJAna prApta karane kI dRSTi se to aisA karanA anivAya hai hI, para vartamAna jJAna-pravAha ko dekhate hue sabake sAtha samAna rUpa se baiThane kI vyAvahArika dRSTi se bhI yaha anivArya hai| -sukhalAla

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tattvArthasUtra kA mUla pATha tattvArthasUtra kA kauna-sA pATha mUla rUpa me donoM paramparAoM meM vidyamAna hai, yaha kahanA bahuta hI kaThina hai| yadi sAmpradAyika bhAvanA se alaga rahakara vicAra kiyA jAe to yaha prazna aitihAsika mahattva kA bana jAtA hai| tattvArthasatra Agamika kAla ke anta kI racanA hai| usake turanta bAda hI uttara se Akara pazcima aura dakSiNa meM kendrita jaina-saMgha nizcita rUpa se zvetAmbara aura digambara sapradAyoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| dakSiNa meM gaye tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya me kAphI parivartana hue, jo isa samaya digambara sUtrapATha aura sarvArthasiddhi ke rUpa meM upalabdha haiN| isa prakAra tattvArthasUtra jainadharma ke itihAsa ke eka aise mor3a para khar3A huA jahAM se usane donoM paramparAoM ko sahasA prabhAvita kiyaa| ___kaThinAI yaha hai ki isa jaTila samasyA ke samAdhAna ke lie prAmANika sAkSyo kA prAyaH abhAva hai| yahA~ isake samAdhAna kA prayAsa nimna tIna pahaluoM se kiyA jA rahA hai-1. bhASAgata parivartana, 2. pratyeka AvRtti meM sUtroM kA vilopana aura 3 sUtragata matabheda / yahA~ yaha kahanA abhISTa hogA ki isa samasyA ke samAdhAna meM mukhyatayA atima do sAdhano kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai parantu tArkika dRSTi se samucita nirNaya ke lie ve pUrNataH sakSama siddha nahIM hue hai| Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki bhASAgata adhyayana bhI vizeSa upayogI siddha nahI huA, yadyapi yaha sAdhana sarvAdhika prAmANika hai| yahA~ yaha saketa karanA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai ki hamArI eka samasyA usake bhASya ke viSaya me bhI hai| vaha svopajJa hai yA nahIM, isakA adhyayana yahA~ abhISTa nahIM hai, kyoki yaha svayaM meM eka bar3I samasyA hai aura isa viSaya para svataMtra rUpa se likhA jA sakatA hai| hama isa vivecana kA zrIgaNeza tattvArthasUtra ke donoM pAThoM meM Ae hue bhASAgata parivartana kI chAnabIna se kreNge| isake lie saMbaMdhita sUtroM ko unakI vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para vibhinna vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai aura unakA mUlyAMkana isa AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai ki kahA~ - 84 -

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85 saMdarbha kI dRSTi se artha kI spaSTatA adhika hai / pratyeka varga ke ata meM dI huI saMkhyA isa prakAra ke mUlyAMkana kI sUcaka hai / koSThaka ke bAhara kI saMkhyA zvetAmbara sUtroM, choTe koSTaka ( ) ke bhItara kI saMkhyA digambara sUtroM tathA bar3e koSThaka [ ] ke bhItara kI saMkhyA anirNIta sUtroM kA nirdeza karatI hai / udAharaNArtha 3, ( 2 ) [ 1 ] kA tAtparya yaha hai ki isa varga ke kula cha' sUtroM meM se zvetAmbara sammata tIna sUtra aura digambara sammata do sUtra artha kI dRSTi se adhika spaSTa haiM tathA eka sUtra ke viSaya meM nizcita rUpa se kucha bhI kahanA kaThina hai / digambara sUtroM ko sarvatra zvetAmbara sUtroM ke anantara rakhA gayA hai tathA unake sUtrAMka choTe koSThaka meM die gae haiN| sabhI srotoM se jo bhI sAmagrI saMkalita kI gaI hai vaha paripUrNa to nahIM hai tathApi kisI yatheSTa niSkarSa para pahu~cane ke lie aparyApta bhI nahIM hai / isa vivecana meM nimnokta graMthoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai-- zrI kezavalAla premacanda modI dvArA saMpAdita tattvArthAdhigamasUtra ( sabhASya ), kalakattA, 1903 aura paM0 phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI dvArA saMpAdita sarvArthasiddhi, banArasa, 1971 / isa nibandha ko taiyAra karane meM DA0 kRSNakumAra dIkSita ne aneka mahattvapUrNa sujhAva die haiM / isake lie maiM unakI atyanta AbhArI hU~ / 1. zabdoM evaM sUtroM kA krama 1. 1 : 22, 2 : 35nAraka- devAnAm nAraka- devAnAm (34) deva-nArakANAm deva-nArakANAm (21), Agama meM cAra gatiyoM kA varNana niyamAnusAra nimna se ucca kI ora kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki tIna lokoM kA varNana isI krama se hai / zvetAmbara pATha Agama se sAmya rakhatA hai, jaba ki digambara pATha vyAkaraNAnusAra hai / 0, ( 0 ), [2] 2. 6 : 6 (5) 6:7 (6) 1. bhASAgata parivartana avrata - kaSAyendriya-kriyA" indriya- kaSAyAvrata- kriyAH bhAva vIryAdhikaraNa.... bhAvAdhikaraNa- vIrya ... ... For Private Personal Use Only

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- 86 - 8:10 .."kaSAya-nokaSAya.... (9) "akaSAya-kaSAya satra 6 : (5) meM zabdakrama mAnasika kiMvA Atmika prakriyA para AdhArita kArya-kAraNabhAva ke kramAnusAra pratIta hotA hai athavA sAmparAyika Asrava ke sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa kAraNa ke rUpa meM indriya para bala diyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga 5.2 517 aura samavAyAMga 5 meM mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ye pA~ca Asrava-dvAra batalAe gae hai / inheM tattvArthasUtra 8 : 1 me bandha ke kAraNa kahA gayA hai / bAda ke graMthoM meM pramAda ko prAyaH avirati athavA kaSAya ke aMtargata rakhA gayA hai| satra 6:6 se spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki satrakAra ne Agamika paraMparA kA anugamana kiyA hai| sUtra 6 : 7 meM yaha adhika spaSTa hai-prathama, kyoMki bhAva aura vIrya kriyA ke Atmika aura kAyika rUpa haiM; dvitIya, kyoMki adhikaraNa kA agale hI sUtra meM pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| sUtra 8 : 10 kA zvetAmbara pATha vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se zuddha hai| karmazAstriyoM ne nokaSAya zabda kA eka pAribhASika zabda ke rUpa meM prayoga kiyA hai| akaSAya zabda artha ke viSaya me bhrama meM DAlane vAlA hai| 2, ( 0 ), [1] 3. 9:31 (32) vedanAyAzca 32 (31) viparItaM manojJasya sUtra 9 : 31 (32) amanojJa se saMbaMdhita hai, ataH da kSaNa ( digambara ) pATha kA ThIka artha nahIM nikalatA hai / 1, ( 0), [ ] 2. saMyuktokaraNa 5 : 22 vartanA pariNAmaH kriyA ... (22) vartanApariNAmakiyAH .... 6 : 13 bhUtavratyanukampA dAnaM sarAgasaMyama... (12) bhUtavratyanukampAdAnasarAgasaMyama . zabdoM ke saMyuktIkaraNa se abhivyakti ke adhika sauSThava kI pratIti ke bAvajUda pratyeka kI mahattvapUrNa avadhAraNA kI anubhUti meM kucha kamI A jAtI hai, ataH zvetAmbara pATha adhika upayukta hai| 2, ( 0 ), [ ]

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3. zabdavinyAsa 1. 6 : 16 bahvArambhaparigrahatvaM ca nArakasyAyuSaH (15) , nArakasyAyuSaH 7:4 "ihAmutra ca" (9) "ihAmutra" 7: 7 .."svabhAvau ca saMvega... (12) .... , vA ,.... sUtra 6 : 16 evaM 7 : 4 meM 'ca' saMyojaka anAvazyaka hai, kintu sUtra 7 : 7 (12) meM 'vA' ke sthAna para 'ca' adhika upayukta hai| 1, (2), [ ] 2. 1 : 27 .."sarva-dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu [5:2 bhASya-uktaM hi'dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu...] (26) .."dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu 2: 5 .."dAnAdi-labdhaya " (5) ... labdhaya... 2:7 jIva bhavyAbhavyatvAdIni ca (7) jIva-bhavyAbhavyatvAni ca 2:21 ..zabdAsteSAmarthAH (20) "zabdAstadarthAH 3:1 . "'dho'dhaH pRthutarAH [bhASya-ratnaprabhA sapta adho'dhaH] (1) ...'dho'dhaH 4 : 9 ..''pravIcArAH dvayordvayoH (8).."pravIcArAH 4 : 13 ..."sUryAzcandramaso... (12) ... sUryAcandramasau.... 4 : 52 jaghanyA tvaSTabhAgaH (41) tadaSTa-bhAgo'parA 6: 15 "tIvAtma-pariNAma . (14) ..."tIvra pariNAma..." 6 : 23 "saMgha-sAdhu-samAdhi (24) ..sAdhu-samAdhi .. 7: 29 AdAna-nikSepa ...

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- 88 - (34) ..' AdAna... 7 : 32 ..."nidAna-karaNAni (37) ... nidAnAni 10 : 6 ..pariNAmAcca tadgatiH (6) "pariNAmAcca sUtra 1: ( 26 ) meM 'sarva' zabda jor3a dene se usake artha kI sadigdhatA dUra ho jAtI hai| 'labdhi' zabda anya artho meM bhI prayukta hotA hai, ataH sUtra 2: 5 meM 'dAnAdi' zabda Avazyaka hai| sUtra 2:7 meM 'AdIni' zabda jIva ke una bhAvoM ke lie prayukta kiyA gayA hai jinakA ullekha pUrva ke sUtroM meM nahIM huA hai, udAharaNArtha kartRtva, bhoktRtva Adi / 'ca' zabda se vaisA artha prakaTa nahIM ho sktaa| usase dravya ke sAmAnya svarUpa jaise astitva, guNavattva Adi kA hI bodha hotA hai| isalie isa satra meM 'AdIni' zabda apekSita hai| satra 2: (20) meM 'tad' zabda se aspaSTatA utpanna hotI hai| sUtra 3 : 1 meM 'pRthutarAH' zabda hone se jainamatAnusAra adholoka kI racanA kA tAtparya bilakula spaSTa ho jAtA hai| sUtra 4: 9 kA zvetAmbara pATha artha ko adhika spaSTa karatA hai| sUtra 4 : 13 me jainamatAnusAra candra aura sUrya kI anekatA ko suspaSTa kiyA gayA hai| sUtra 4 : 52 (41) meM zvetAmbara pATha se artha adhika spaSTa hotA hai / 'pariNAma' zabda kaSAyapariNAma, lezyA-pariNAma, yoga-pariNAma Adi artho meM prayukta hotA hai, isalie sUtra 6: 15 meM 'Atma pariNAma' zabda adhika spaSTa artha kA dyotaka hai| 'saMgha' eka svataMtra avadhAraNA hai, ataH sUtra 6 : (24) meM usakA samAveza Avazyaka hai / 'AdAna-nikSepa' eka pAribhASika zabda hai, ataH yaha usI prakAra rakhA jAnA cAhie jaise satra 7 : 29 meM hai| jahA~ taka sUtra 7 : 32 (37) kA prazna hai, zeSa sabhI zabda saMjJA aura kriyA ke saMyukta rUpa meM haiM, isalie 'nidAna-karaNAni' pATha adhika saMgata hai| sUtra 10 : 6 (6) kA viSaya 'tad-gati' hai, isalie usakA ullekha sUtra meM honA caahie| 13, (0), [ ] ___3. 1 : 23 yathokta-nimittaH ......... [ bhASya-yathokta-nimittaH kSayopazama-nimitta ityarthaH ] (22) kSayopazama-nimittaH ....

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- 89 - 2 : 38 teSAM paraMparaM sUkSmam (37) paraMparaM sUkSmam 3: 10 tatra bharata / (10) bharata ... 6:22 viparItaM zubhasya (23) tad-viparItaM zubhasya 7:6 maitrI-pramoda kAruNya-mAdhyasthAni sattva-guNa ... (11) " " " ca sattva-guNa ... 8: 7 matyAdInAma (6) mati-zratAvadhi-manaHparyaya-kevalAnAma 8:14 dAnAdInAma [bhASya-antarAyaH paJcavidhaH/ tadyathA-dAnasyAntarAyaH,lAbhasyAntarAyaH ....] (13) dAna-lAbha-bhogopabhoga-vIryANAm 9 : 18 "yathAkhyAtAni cAritram / (18) yathAkhyAtamiti cAritram yahA~ zvetAmbara pATha meM bhASya ke vyAkhyAtmaka zabda jor3a dene se, yA anAvazyaka zabda nikAla dene se, yA kama-se-kama zabda baDhA dene se bananevAle digambara sUtroM dvArA adhika spaSTa artha prakaTa hotA hai| satra 8 : 7 aura 14 meM prayukta 'Adi' zabda ke lie pichale sUtra 1 : 9 aura 2 : 4 dekhane caahie| sarvArthasiddhi ke ullekhAnusAra sUtra 9 : (18) meM prayukta 'iti' zabda ke samAptisUcaka hone se sUtra 9 : 2 (2) ke vyAkhyAna kI samApti kA saMketa mila jAtA hai jisase spaSTIkaraNa me nizcita rUpa se suvidhA hotI hai / ____0, (8), [ ] 4. 3: 2 tAsu narakAH [bhASya-ratnaprabhAyAM narakavAsAnAM triMzacchatasahasrANi/zeSAsu paJcaviMzatiH ......naraka zatasahasram-ityASaSThayAH ] (2) tAsu triMzat-paMcaviMzati yathAkramam 7 : 27 ... pabhogAdhikatvAni / (32) pabhoga-paribhogAnarthakyAni 8: 8 "styAnagRddhi vedanIyAni ca (7) ""styAnagRddhayazca

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ye sUtra vibhinna prakAra ke hai / inake pAThabheda kA mUlyAMkana karanA jarA kaThina hai | sUtra 8 : 8 meM pratyeka prakAra kI nidrA ke sAtha ' vedanIya' zabda jor3a dene se usakI anubhUti kA nizcita bhAva prakaTa hotA hai / vaise isa zabda ko sUtra se nikAla dene para bhI usake bhAva meM kamI nahIM AtI hai / 5 : 2 4 do sUtroM kI eka sUtra meM abhivyakti 1. digambara pATha ke do sUtro kA zvetAmbara pATha ke eka sUtra meM samAveza (2-3) 6 : 18 yoga dravyANi jIvAzca dravyANi / jIvAzca alpArambha parigrahatvaM svabhAva-ma. devArjavaM ca mAnuSasya (17-18) alpArambha - parigrahatvaM mAnuSasya / svabhAva- mArdavaM ca yahA~ sUtra 5:2 kA sUtra ( 2 ) aura ( 3 ) meM vibhAjana ucita mAlUma par3atA hai | sUtra 6:18 meM 'Arjava' zabda kA rahanA ThIka hI hai, kyoki alpArambha Adi eva svabhAva- mArdava Adi kI avadhAraNA me bahuta antara nahI hai / *, ( 1 ), [ 1 ] 2. zvetAmbara pATha ke do sUtroM kA digambara pATha ke eka sUtra me samAveza 0, ( 0 ), [ 3 ] 19, (10), [ 6 ]........35 1 : 21-22 dvi-vidho'vadhiH / bhava-pratyayo nAraka- devAnAm (21) bhava - pratyayo'vadhirdeva-nArakANAm 5 : 78 asaMkhyeyAH pradezA dharmAdharmayo / jIvasya (8) asaMkhyeyAH pradezA dharmAdharmaikajIvAnAm 10 : 2-3 6 : 3-4 zubhaH puNyasya / azubhaH pApasya (3) zubhaH puNyasyAzubhaH pApasya 8 : 2-3 sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH pudgalAn Adatte / sa bandhaH (2) sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH -dhyAnam / A-muhUrtAt dhyAnAntarmuhUrtAt pudgalAn Adatte sa bandhaH 9 : 27-28 (27) ... bandha- hetvabhAva-nirjarAbhyAm / kRtsna karma-kSayo mokSaH ( 2 ) bandha hetvabhAva-nirjarAbhyAM kRtsna- karma - vipramokSo mokSaH For Private Personal Use Only

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- 91 - inameM digambara sUtrakAra kA prayatna eka hI viSaya se saMbaMdhita do sUtro ko eka sUtra meM nibaddha karanA rahA hai| sUtra 1:21-22 artha ko adhika spaSTa karate hai / zvetAmbara sUtra 57-8 ThIka hai, kyoMki dharma-adharma aura jIva do vibhinna vargo se saMbadhita hai| sUtra 6:3-4 ko eka sUtra meM bhI rakhA jA sakatA hai kintu jora dene ke lie hI saMbhavataH inhe do satroM meM rakhA gayA hai| isa grantha me jo zabda 'sa' sarvanAma se prArambha hotA hai usase binA apavAda ke nae satra kA nirmANa hotA hai, jaise 2:8-9 ( 8.9), 6:1-2 (1-2), 8:22-23 (22-23) tathA 9:1-2 (1-2) / yaha niHsaMdeha sUtrakAra kI racanA-zailI hai / yahI zailI satra 8:2-3 meM bhI hai| sUtra 927-28 yA 9: (27) meM dhyAtA, dhyAna eva usake kAla kI paribhASA dI gaI hai| isameM tIna bhinna-bhinna bAteM samAviSTa hai, ata: pratyeka kA svataMtra rUpa se vicAra karanA ucita thA / isa dRSTi se koI bhI pATha ThIka nahI hai / zvetAmbara satra 10:2 kA koI aucitya nahIM hai| isake bhASya se spaSTa hai ki ise sUtra 10:1 ke sAtha honA cAhie, kyoki isameM jIvanmukti ke kAraNo kA ullekha hai| kevalajJAna ke prakaTa hone ke kAraNoM kA ullekha sUtra 10:1 meM kara diyA gayA hai aura ve hI jIvanmukti ko avasthA ko vyakta karane ke lie paryApta haiN| ataH sUtra 102 vyartha pratIta hotA hai| isake atirikta isase virodha bhI utpanna hotA hai| sayoga-kevalI avasthA meM anta taka tona prakAra ke yoga rahate haiM, isalie IryApathika bandha kA kAraNa usa samaya bhI upasthita rahatA hai, yadyapi bandha kI sthiti ati alpakAla kI hotI hai| ataH yaha kathana ki 'bandha hetu-abhAva' sayoga-kevalitva ke prApta hone kA kAraNa hai, ThIka nahIM hai| sUtra 10:2 ke bhASya meM hetva. bhAvAccottarasyAprAdurbhAvaH likhA hai| isame hetvabhAvAt se bandhahetva. bhAvAt artha hI nikalatA hai, jisase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki sUtra 102 bhI videhamukti ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM hai| ata: sUtra 10.2 saMdigdha hai| isalie spaSTatA kI dRSTi se digambara pATha ThIka hai| 3, (1), [2] yoga 3, (2), [3].... '8 kula yoga 22, (12), [9]"43 bhASAgata parivartana ke vizleSaNa se pratIta hotA hai ki donoM paraMparAo meM mAnya tattvArthasUtra ke uparyukta 43 udAharaNoM meM se 22

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92 zvetAmbara-sammata pATha adhika spaSTa arthavAle haiM, jaba ki digambara pATha meM aise kevala 12 hI udAharaNa haiM, zeSa 9 udAharaNa anirNIta hai / vyAkaraNa aura padavinyAsa kI dRSTi se pUjyapAda ne tattvArtha ke sUtroM ko nimna rUpa meM parimArjita kiyA hai - 1. eka taraha ke bhAvoM kA saMyuktIkaraNa karane ke lie do sUtroM kA eka sUtra meM samAveza, 2. zabdakrama kI samAyojanA, 3 anAvazyaka zabdoM ko nikAlanA evaM spaSTa bhAva kI abhivyakti ke lie kama se kama zabdoM ko jor3anA tathA 4. 'iti' zabda dvArA sUtroM ko varga meM bA~TanA / aisA karane meM takanIkI dRSTi se bahuta-sI galatiyA~ huI haiM jisase sUtroM kA ThIka-ThIka artha samajhane meM kaThinAI hotI hai / isakA eka kAraNa hai Agamika paramparA kA dakSiNa bhArata meM abhAva aura dUsarA hai sUtrakAra kI vAstavika sthiti ko na samajhanA jisane jaina siddhAnta ko tathA anya matoM ko barAbara dhyAna meM rakhakara isa grantha kI racanA kI / phira bhI isa chAnabIna se spaSTa hai ki bhASAgata adhyayana se kisI aise niSkarSa para nahIM pahu~cA jA sakatA jisake yaha kahA jA ki ki amuka paraMparA meM tattvArthasUtra mUla rUpa meM hai aura amuka ne dUsare se liyA hai / uparyukta AdhAra para nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki zvetAmbara pATha Agamika saMdarbha kI dRSTi se digambara pATha se adhika saMgata hai | 2. pratyeka AvRtti meM sUtroM kA vilopana 1. digambara pATha meM sUtroM kA vilopana 2 : 19 upayogaH sparzAdiSu 4 : 49-51 grahANAmekam / nakSatrANAmardham / tArakANAM caturbhAga 4 : 53 caturbhAgaH zeSANAm 5 : 42-44 anAdirAdimAMzca / rUpiSvAdimAn / yogopayogau jIveSu 9 : 38 upazAnta kSINakaSAyayozca tattvArthasUtra ke kalakattA-saMskaraNa meM yaha likhA hai ki hastaprati 'ke' ke kinAre para aisA ullekha hai ki kucha AcArya sUtra 2:19 ko bhASya kA aMza mAnate haiM, kintu siddhasena ne ise sUtrarUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA hai / saMbhavata: digambara pATha meM ise bhASya kA aMza mAnakara chor3a diyA For Private Personal Use Only

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gyaa| sUtra 4:49-51 aura 53 choTe hai jinhe nikAla dene para sadarbha meM koI kamI nahI aatii| sUtra 5:42-44 meM pariNAma kI vyAkhyA doSapUrNa hai, ataH inakA vilopana Thoka hI hai jisakA vivecana paM0 sukhalAlajI ne kara hI diyA hai| sUtra 9.38 ke vilopana ke sabadha meM tattvArthasUtra ke digambara TIkAkAro kA apanA mata hai| isa prakAra zvetAmbara pATha ko digambara pATha meM sArarUpa se susamAhita kiyA gayA hai| kintu isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki zvetAmbara pATha mUla hai aura digambara pATha meM usakA pariSkAra kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki bAda kI AvRtti pUrva AvRtti ko pariSkRta karane ke bajAya bigAr3a bhI sakatI hai| 2. zvetAmbara pATha meM sUtroM kA vilopana 1. 4 : (42) laukAntikAnAmaSTau sAgaropamANi sarveSAm 6: (21) samyaktvaM ca 2. 2: (48) taijasamapi [ 49 bhASya-taijasamapi zarIraM labdhi pratyayaM bhavati] 2: (52) zeSAstrivedAH[51 bhASya-parizeSyAcca gamyante jarAyvaNDa-potajAstrividhA bhavanti-striyaH pumAMso napaMsakAnIti] 7: (4-8) [ bhAvanAo kA varNana sUtra 3 ke bhASya me hai, yadyapi dono pAThoM me thor3I bhinnatA hai| ] 8: (26) ato'nyatpApam [ 26 bhASya-ato'nyatpApam ] 10 : (7) Aviddha-kulAla - cakravad-vyapagata - lepAlAbuvad - eraNDa-bIjavad-agni-zikhAvacca [ 10 : 7 upasahArakArikA 10-12 aura 14 me nahIM apitu 6 bhASya meM AtmA ke Urdhvagamana ke dUsare evaM cauthe kAraNa kI abhivyakti thor3I ulajhanapUrNa hai|1 10 : (8) dharmAstikAyAbhAvAt [6 bhASya aura upasaMhAra kArikA 22-dharmAstikAyAbhAvAt ] 3. 3: (12-32) [ jambUdvIpa kA varNana / digambara sUtra ( 24 ) kA bharataH SaDviMzati-paJca-yojana-zata-vistAraH SaD-caikona-viMzati-bhAgA yojanasya aura ( 25) kA tad-dviguNa-dviguNa-vistArA varSadhara-varSA vide

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- 94 - hAntAH 11 bhASya meM isa prakAra haiM-tatra paMca yojanazatAni SaDviMzAni SaTcaikona-viMzati-bhAgA bharataviSkambhaH sa dviiihamavad-dhaimavatAdInAmAvidehebhyaH / sUtra (27) kA bharatairAvatayorvaddhihAsau SaT-samayAbhyAmutsapiNyavasarpiNIbhyAm 4 : 15 bhASya meM isa prakAra hai-tA anuloma-pratilomA avasarpiNyutsapiNyo bharatairAvateSvanAdyanantaM pari vartante'ho-rAtravat / ] 4. 5: (29) sad-dravya-lakSaNam prathama varga ke satra choTe haiM, isalie unake vilopana se saMdarbha meM kamI nahIM aatii| dvitIya varga ke sabhI digambara sUtra bhASya meM upalabdha haiM, yahA~ taka ki kucha to zabdazaH haiN| bhAvanAoM ke varNana se pUrva sUtra 7:3 (3) meM isa prakAra ullekha hai-tatsthai ryAthaM bhAvanAH paJca paJca / padArtho (bhedoM ) ke upabheda ginAte samaya sUtrakAra yathAkramam zabda kA prayoga karate haiM jisakA artha hotA hai 'satrokta krama ke anusAra Age kA vivecana krnaa|' sUtra 7 : 3 ( 3 ) meM yathAkramam zabda nahIM hai, ataH bhAvanAoM kA Age vivecana abhipreta nahI hai| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki digambara sUtra 7 : (3) mUla nahIM hai| isI prakAra sUtra 3 : (2) hai jisameM parigaNita narakoM kA Age vivecana nahI hai / tRtIya varga ke digambara sUtra 3 : (12-32) arthAt tIsare adhyAya ke 39 sUtroM meM se 21 zvetAmbara AvRtti meM anupalabdha haiN| inameM se tIna satra arthAt / 24,25, 27) 3 : 11 aura 4 : 15 ke bhASya meM upalabdha hai, yadyapi uname zabdazaH sAmya nahI hai| yahA~ para vilupta satro kI sakhyA bahuta adhika hai, ataH zvetAmbara AvRtti meM jambUdvIpa kA varNana Urdhvaloka kI tulanA meM bahuta sakSipta hai| ina atirikta satroM me nimnokta bAteM samAviSTa hai-1. jambUdvIpa kA varNana jaise parvata, hrada, sarit aura kSetra-vistAra (12-26 ); 2. vibhinna kSetroM meM utsarpiNI aura avapiNI ke AroM meM vRddhi aura hrAsa tathA manuSyoM kI Ayu (2731); 3. bharatakSetra kA vistAra jambUdvIpa kA eka sau nabbevaoN bhAga (32) / inameM se prathama varga ke sUtro se jambUdvIpa kI bhaugolika racanA ke saMbaMdha meM nizcita jAnakArI prApta hotI hai jisakA zvetAmbara AvRtti meM kSetroM aura parvatoM dvArA kevala nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya evaM

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- 95 - tRtIya varga ke sUtra adhika mahattva ke hai| iname se vizeSa mahattvapUrNa sabhI sUtra bhASya meM upalabdha hai| samagrarUpa se dekhA jAe to ina satro kA adhika mahattva hai kyoMki pazcimI paraparA kI hastalikhita pratiyo meM isa adhyAya meM ina digambara sUtroM kA adhika se adhika samAveza huA hai| jambUdvIpasamAsa nAmaka eka anya prakaraNa me, jisake racayitA umAsvAti hI mAne jAte hai, cha: kSetroM aura cha: parvatoM kA bhaugolika varNana isI krama se hai / isame madhya ke kuru aura videha ke cAra kSetroM kA chor3a diyA gayA hai jinakA varNana dvitIya Ahnika meM kiyA gayA hai| isameM himavAn parvata ke varNana meM usake raMga kI carcA hai [ tulanA kareM--- sUtra 3 : (12)] / tatpazcAt usa para avasthita hrada kA nAma [ tulanA kare-sUtra ( 14)], usakA vistAra [ tulanA kareM--sUtra ( 15-16 )], usake bIca meM eka yojana kA puSkara [ tulanA kare-sUtra (17)], usameM nivAsa karanevAlI devI kA nAma [ tulanA kare-sUtra ( 19)], usase pravahamAna yugma saritAoM ke nAma [ tulanA kara-sUtra (20)] aura unakI dizAoM kA varNana hai [tulanA kare-satra (21-22)] / pratyeka varSadhara parvata ke varNana meM usake raMga evaM hradoM, deviyoM aura nadiyoM ke nAmoM tathA nadiyo kI dizAoM kA nirdeza hai| tattvArthasatra meM zikharI parvata ko hema raMga kA kahA gayA hai, jaba ki jambUdvIpasamAsa meM use tapanIya raMgavAlA mAnA gayA hai| sUtra 3 : (16) caturtha Ahnika meM bhI hai-vApI kuNDa-hradA dshaavgaahaaH| isI prakAra sUtra 3 : (26) aura (32) bhI isa Ahnika me haiM-merUttarAsu viparyayaH tathA rUpAdidviguNa-rAziguNo dvIpa-vyAso navati-zata-vibhakto bharatAdiSu viSkambhaH / uparyukta vidaleSaNa se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki digambara sUtroM 3 : (12-32) kI racanA bhASya aura jambUdvIpasamAsa ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai| tAkika dRSTi se dUsare rUpa meM yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhASya tathA jambUdvIpasamAsa kI racanA digambara pATha ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai / zvetAmbara pATha ke 1-3 vargo ke sUtroM ke vilopana ke AdhAra para aba taka jo vizleSaNa kiyA gayA usase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki zvetAmbara pATha mUla rUpa meM hai, kyoMki sUtra-zailI meM yathAkramama zabda kA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai| kintu isake AdhAra para saMpUrNa pakSa kI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| sAmAnya taura se dekhA jAe to zabdoM evaM sUtroM ke vilopana yA vRddhikaraNa se kisI eka pATha kI prAmANikatA nizcita rUpa se siddha nahIM ho sakatI jisase yaha kahA jA sake ki dUsarA pATha usa

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- 96 - para AdhRta hai| aba taka kA hamArA prayatna apane lakSya kI prApti meM asaphala rahA hai| aba caturtha varga ke sUtroM kI chAnabIna kreN| zvetAmbara AvRtti meM sada-dravya-lakSaNam 5 : (29) sUtra nahIM hai, jaba ki digambara AvRtti meM utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya-yuktaM sat [29 (30)] ke ThIka pahale yaha sUtra AyA hai| yahA~ prazna yaha hai ki sat kA yaha kathana kisa saMdarbha meM hai ? isakA pudgala ke antargata arthAt sUtra 5 : 23-36 ke sandarbha meM nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai jiname se sUtra 25-28 aura 32-36 meM aNu-skaMdhoM kA isa prakAra varNana hai : aNu-skandha (25-28 (25 aNu-skandha pudgala ke bhedoM ke rUpa meM aNu-skandha (25-287 aNa-skandha kI utpatti / 28 skandha ke cAkSuSa hone kA hetu (32-36 paudgalika bandha kI prakriyA sat-nityatva (29 sat kI trirUpAtmaka vyAkhyA 230 nityatva kI vyAkhyA (31 sUtra 29-30 kI yuktiyuktatA (dravya 37-44 guNa-paryAya-pariNAma, kAla) ina sUtroM kI samAyojanA se Azcarya hotA hai ki sUtra 5 : 29-31 aNu-skandha ke sAtha kyoM rakhe gae haiM jaba ki dravya ke sAtha unakA nirUpaNa karanA ucita thA / isa samasyA ke hala ke lie isakA spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka hai ki sUtra 5 : (29) bAda me jor3A gayA yA nhiiN| sUtra 5 : 28 ke bhASya meM likhA hai-dharmAdIni santIti kathaM gAta iti/atrocyate lkssnntH| isameM spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai ki dravya satlakSaNayukta hai, jaisA ki sUtra 5 : ( 29 ) kI sarvArthasiddhi me yat sat tad dravyamityarthaH ke rUpa meM hai| bhASya me yaha phalitArtha hai| bhASya yaha pratipAdita karatA hai ki sat ke svarUpa ke AdhAra para hI ina dravyoM kA astitva siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai / isase agale sUtra kI bhUmikA banatI hai| padArthoM kI sattA siddha karane kI yaha AnumAnika paddhati jaina Agama kI nahIM hai| isakA srota umAsvAti ke samaya vidyamAna jainetara sAhitya meM DhU~r3hanA cAhie / candrAnandakRta vaizeSikasUtra ke caturtha adhyAya ke prathama Ahnika meM likhA hai-sadakAraNavat tannityam / 1 / tasya kArya liGgam / 2 / kAraNAbhAvAddhi kaaryaabhaavH|3| anityam--- iti ca vizeSa-pratiSedha-bhAvaH / 4 / mahatyanekadravyatvAt rUpAccopa

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- 97 - lbdhiH| 6 / adravyavattvAt paramANavanupalabdhiH 17 / saMkhyAH parimANAni pRthaktvaM saMyoga-vibhAgau paratvAparatve karma ca rUpi-dravya-samavAyAt cAkSuSAni / 12 / arUpiSvacAkSuSatvAt / 13 |-prmaannu kI sattA kA anumAna usake kArya se hotA hai, kyoMki paramANu nitya aura acAkSuSa hai| jo mahat hai vaha cAkSuSa hotA hai kyoMki usameM aneka dravya haiM aura vaha rUpI hai / rUpI dravya ke sAtha saMkhyA Adi vividha guNoM kA jo samavAya sambandha hai uso ke kAraNa padArtha dRSTigocara hote haiN| jo sat aura kAraNarahita hai use nitya kahA gayA hai / ataH yahA~ sat-nitya, aNu-skandha aura cAkSuSa-acAkSuSa kI samasyA uThAI gaI hai aura vastutaH paramANumahat ke isI sandarbha meM satsAmAnya kA viSaya liyA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, sUtra 5 : 29-31 meM sat-nitya sambandhI jo vyAkhyA hai vaha aNu-skandha ke utpAda aura cAkSuSatva ko lekara hai arthAt pudgala ke ho sandarbha meM hai, na ki dravya ke sambandha se sat ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM / yadi isa prakAra ke sat kA svarUpa sUtrakAra ko abhISTa hotA to dravya ke viSaya meM bhI yahI prazna uThAyA jAtA, jaisA ki paMcAstikAya meM hai, kintu yahA~ vaisA abhISTa nahIM thaa| isalie sad dravya lakSaNam sUtra prastuta saMdarbha meM upayukta pratIta nahIM hotA aura bAda meM jor3A gayA mAlUma hotA hai / isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki sUtra 5 : (29) tattvArthasUtra kA mUla pATha nahIM hai| jahA~ taka donoM AvattiyoM meM satroM ke vilopana kA prazna hai jinakA ki Upara cAra vargoM meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai, digambara pATha zvetAmbara pATha se adhika saMzodhita pratIta hotA hai / yaha saMzodhana prathama varga ke sUtra 5 : 42-44 ke truTipUrNa pariNAma-svarUpa ko haTAkara, dvitIya varga ke sUtra meM bhASya 7 : 3 kI mahattvapUrNa bhAvanAoM kI vRddhi karake aura tRtIya evaM caturtha varga ke sUtra 3 : ( 12-32) evaM 5 : ( 29 ) kI pUrti karake kiyA gayA hai jo nizcita rUpa se mahattvapUrNa hai| pazcimI bhArata kI paramparA kI hastalikhita pratiyoM meM bhI dvitIya varga ke digambara sUtra 8 : ( 26 ) evaM 10 : (7-8) kA prAyaH sammizraNa hai| yoM kisI bhI pATha kI maulikatA-amaulikatA ko siddha karane kA nizcita AdhAra kevala caturtha varga kA sUtra 5 : ( 29 ) hI hai kiMtu gauNa pramANa ke rUpa meM sUtrakAra kI zailI bhI hai jo dvitIya varga ke satra 7 : 3 (3) aura 7 : (4-8) ke saMbaMdha se jJAta hotI hai|

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- 98 - 3. sUtragata matabheda nimnokta ATha viSaya aura do prakaraNa mukhya matabheda ke viSaya hai, jinakA bAda meM vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA jaaegaa| inameM dono paramparAoM kI saiddhAntika viSamatAoM tathA tattvArthasUtra ke donoM saMskaraNoM meM upalabdha vibhinna matoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| hama sarvaprathama donoM saMskaraNoM meM prApta matabheda ke ATha viSayo kI carcA kreNge| 1. 1 : 34-35 naya pA~ca prakAra ke haiM : naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra aura zabda / / -Avassaya nijjutti 144 se yaha samarthita hai| (33) samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta ke samAviSTa karane para inakI saMkhyA sAta ho jAtI hai| -anuogadAra 953; Avassaya nijjutti 754 siddhasena divAkara ne chaH naya bhI mAne haiM parantu donoM paraMparAoM ke adhikAMza vidvAn sAta naya hI mAnate hai / ataH isa prakAra kI bhinnatA ko, jisakA vikAsa vibhinna staroM para huA hogA, vastutaH matabheda nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 2. 2 : 13-14 sthAvara tIna prakAra ke haiM : pRthvI, ap aura vanaspati / tejas aura vAyu trasa haiM / -ThANa 3. 3. 215; jIvAjIvAbhigama 1. 22 Adi; uttarajjhayaNa 36.60-70 Adi / (13) sthAvara pA~ca prakAra ke hai : pRthvI se vanaspati paryanta / -ThANa 5. 1. 488; prazamarati 192 3. 2:31 antarAla-gati meM jIva tIna samaya taka anA hAraka rahatA hai| -bhagavaI 7. 1. 259; sUyagaDa nijjutti 174 (30) do samaya taka hI rahatA hai| -paNNavaNA 1175 a ( dIkSita, jaina oNNTolaoNjI, pR0 87)

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2:49 AhAraka-zarIra caturdaza-pUrvadhara ke hotA hai| (49) yaha pramatta-saMyata ke hotA hai / -paNNavaNA 21. 575. yathArthata. yaha matabheda nahI hai apitu vyAkhyAtmaka bhinnatA hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM ke anusAra AhAraka-zarIra kevala caturdazapUrvadhara ke hI hotA hai tathA usake prayoga ke samaya vaha anivAryataH pramattasayata hotA hai| donoM paraMparAoM ke anusAra sabhI pramatta-saMyata AhArakazarIravAle nahIM hote| 4 : 2 jyotiSko ke tejolezyA hotI hai tathA bhavana vAsI evaM vyantaro ke cAra lezyAe~ hotI haiMkRSNa se tejas tk| -ThANa 1. 72 (2) cAra lezyAe~ tIna deva-nikAyoM meM pAyI jAtI haiM-bhavanavAsI, vyantara aura jyotissk| 6. 4 : 3, 20 bAraha klp| ---Agama meM 12 kalpa ekamata se mAnya haiM : paNNavaNA 5. 243; uttarajjhayaNa 36. 211-12 (3. 19) sUtra 4 : (3) meM 12 kalpa mAne gae haiM kintu sUtra 4 : ( 19 ) meM 16 kalpa ginAe gae hai| -tiloyapaNNatti 8. 114 meM 52 kalpoM kI gaNanA kI gaI hai| 7. 5 : 38 koI AcArya kAla ko bhI dravya kahate haiN| (39) kAla bhI dravya hai| Agamika paraMparA meM loka kA vivecana pA~ca astikAyoM athavA cha: dravyoM ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya mata meM kAla ko svataMtra dravya mAnA gayA hai, jaise uttarajjhayaNa 28. 7-8 / prathama mata meM kAla ko yA to pAMca astikAyoM se bilakula alaga rakhA gayA yA use jIva aura ajIva ke paryAya ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA / ataeva isa viSaya meM koI saiddhAntika viSamatA nahI hai / 8:26 samyaktva, hAsya, rati aura puruSaveda kA puNya karmoM meM smaavesh|

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100 (25) inakA puNya karmo meM asamAveza | siddhasenagaNi ne ina cAra karmo ko puNya ke antargata rakhanA ucita nahI mAnA hai, kintu unhoMne aisI kArikAe~ uddhRta kI haiM jinase donoM to kA samarthana hotA hai / arthAt dUsare, tIsare aura AThaveM dvArA hotI hai; tona meM arthAt matabheda nahIM hai; zeSa do arthAt uparyukta ATha viSayoM meM se tIna meM meM donoM matoM kI puSTi Agamika paraMparA pahale, cauthe aura sAtave me vAstava meM pA~cavIM aura chaThA vizeSa mahattva ke nahIM hai / donoM paraMparAoM ke graMthoM meM upalabdha ina vibhinna mato se yaha nirNaya nahI ho sakatA ki kauna-sA pATha mUla hai / yahA~ bhI hameM nizA hI hotI hai / aba hama matabheda ke do prakaraNoM kI chAnabIna karege / ye isa prakAra haiM - 1. paudgalika bandha ke niyama aura 2. parISaha / dvitIya prakaraNa meM donoM AvRttiyoM kA sUtra abhinna hai, jaba ki prathama prakaraNa meM sUtroM meM thor3I bhinnatA hai | 1. podgalika bandha ke niyama sUtra 5 : 32-36 (33 - 37) me paudgalika bandha kA nirUpaNa isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai : 5 : 32 (33) snigdha- rUkSatvAd-bandhaH 33 (34) na jaghanya - guNAnAm 34 (35) guNa sAmye sadRzAnAm 35 (36) dvayadhikAdi-guNAnAM tu 36 bandhe samAdhika pAriNAmikau ( 37 ) bandhe'dhikau pAriNAmikau ca dono pAThoM meM uparyukta sUtra abhinna rUpa meM haiM, kevala sUtra 36 ( 37 ) meM thor3I bhinnatA hai| sUtra 5 : 33-35 ( 34-36), jinameM bandha ke niyamoM kA pudgala ke sadRza aura visadRza donoM prakAra ke guNAMzoM kI dRSTi se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, donoM paraMparAo meM binA kisI pATha-bheda ke upalabdha haiM, kintu artha kI dRSTi se unakI TIkAoM meM antara pAyA jAtA hai / yaha antara nimnalikhita tAlikA se spaSTa hai : For Private Personal Use Only

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did the ho ad ard to hai - 101 - guNAMza zve0 TIkAe~ diga0 TIkAe~ sadRza asadRza sadRza asadaza 1. jaghanya+jaghanya nahI nahIM nahIM nahIM 2. jaghanya+ekAdhika nahIM hai nahI nahIM 3. jaghanya+dvayadhika hai hai nahIM nahIM 4. jaghanya+tryAdi adhika hai hai nahIM nahIM 5. jaghanyetara+sama jaghanyetara nahI hai nahIM nahI 6. jaghanyetara+ekAdhika jaghanyetara nahIM nahI nahIM 7. jaghanyetara+dvayadhika jaghanyetara hai 8. jaghanyetara+tryAdi jaghanyetara hai nahIM nahIM ___ abhinna satroM ke artha meM itanI bhinnatA kA honA Azcarya kI bAta hai| sUtra 33-35 (34-36 ) meM pratipAdita paudgalika bandha ke niyamo ke pariprekSya meM AThoM udAharaNoM meM bandha kI sambhAvanA aura asambhAvanA kI gaveSaNA se yaha bilakula spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ye satra zvetAmbara paramparA-sammata artha ke anurUpa haiM, digambara paramparA-sammata artha se inakA tAlamela nahI baiThatA / ina satroM ke bhASya se sUtro se adhika jAnakArI prApta nahI hotI, yadyapi kucha udAharaNoM ke dvArA unheM samajhane meM sahAyatA milatI hai| vAstava meM sUtra 33-35 ke lie bhASya kI vizeSa AvazyakatA nahIM hai, kyoMki apanA artha spaSTa karane meM ye svayaM sakSama haiN| taba prazna uThatA hai ki digambara TIkAoM meM ina sUtroM kA itanA bhinna artha kyo kiyA gayA hai ? isakI chAnabIna sarvArthasiddhi ke anusAra kI jAegI, kyoMki rAjavArtika aura zlokavArtika meM pUjyapAda se bhinna kucha bhI nahI kahA gayA hai| pUjyapAda ne sUtra 5 : ( 35 ) ke sadRza zabda kA artha 'tulya-jAtIya' kiyA hai jo zvetAmbara paramparA se asaMgata nahI hai / 'samAna guNAMza hone para sadRza paramANuoM kA bandha nahIM hotA'-sUtra ( 35 ) kA yaha artha nimnokta udAharaNoM se jJAta hotA hai : 1. asadRza do snigdha+do rUkSa, tIna snigdha+tIna rUkSa 2. sadRza do snigdha+do snigdha; do rUkSa-+do rUkSa yahA~ niSedha kA niyama asadRza udAharaNoM para bhI lAgU kiyA gayA hai jisase sUtra ke kathana kA nizcita rUpa se khaNDana hotA hai / ataeva

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- 102 - yaha prazna uThatA hai--yadyevaM sadRza-grahaNaM kimartham ? jisakA yaha uttara diyA gayA hai--guNa-vaiSamye sadazAnAmapi bandha-pratipattyarthaM sadaza-grahaNaM kriyte| yaha uttara niHsaMdeha sUtra 5 : 34 ke bhASya se liyA gayA hai| sadazAnAm zabda kI aspaSTa sthiti ko Age chAnabIna nahIM kI gaI hai| paudagalika bandha ke hone yA na hone kI bAta sarvArthasiddhi meM saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai : 1 sama guNAMza S (a ) sadRza paramANuoM meM (nahIM) (ba ) asadRza paramANuoM meM ( nahIM) 2. viSama guNAMza S ( a ) sadRza paramANuoM meM ( hai ) / (ba ) asadRza paramANuoM meM ( hai ) aMtima avasthA arthAt 2 ( ba ) kA isameM pratipAdana nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kintu agale satra se isa prakAra ke bandha kI sambhAvanA kA bodha avazya ho jAtA hai / TIkAkAra svayaM yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki sadRzAnAma zabda kA isa saMdarbha meM koI artha nahI hai / vAstava meM yaha anAvazyaka hai kyoMki isase digambara siddhAnta ke anusAra honevAle paudgalika bandha ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM bhrama paidA hotA hai| satra ( 36 ) meM do gaNAMza adhika vAle paramANuoM kA bandha mAnA gayA hai| yahA~ dvayadhikAdi zabda kA artha 'dvayadhikatA' kiyA gayA hai / isa sUtra meM abhipreta bandha kA svarUpa pUjyapAda kI dRSTi meM isa prakAra hai : ( do snigdha --cAra snigdha; tIna snigdha + pA~ca snigya; 1. asadRza 2 cAra snigdha+cha: snigdha....." do rUkSa-+-cAra rUkSa Adi 2. asadRza do snigdha + cAra rUkSa Adi isa prakAra sUtra ( 36 ) ko TokAnumAra paudgalika bandha ke hone yA na hone ko sthiti isa prakAra hai : / a) sadRza paramANuoM meM / 1 do guNAMza adhika ( ba ) asadRza paramANuoM meM (a) sadRza paramANuoM meM 2. anya guNAMza ( nahIM) (ba) asadRza paramANuoM meM (nahIM)

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- 103 - satra ( 36 ) ke ina niyamoM dvArA sUtra (35) ke kathana kA khaNDana hotA hai| sUtra ( 35 ) sarvathA mahattvahIna evaM anAvazyaka hai / pUjyapAda ne digambara paramparAnusAra paudgalika bandha ke niyamoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie SaTkhaNDAgama 5. 6. 36 se nimna padya uddhRta kiyA hai : giddhassa Ni Na durAdhieNa lukkhassa lukkheNa durAdhieNa / Niddhassa lukkheNa havadi baMdho jahaNNa vajje visame same vA // isa padya meM nimna bAteM samAviSTa haiM : 1. do guNAMza adhika vAloM kA bandha 5(a) sadRza paramANuoM meM hotA hai: (ba) asadRza paramANuoM meM 2. isa niyama meM jaghanya guNAMzavAloM 5( a ) sadRza paramANuoM meM kA samAveza nahIM hotA hai : (ba) asadRza paramANuoM meM ina niyamoM kA, jinameM digambara paramparA mAnya uparyukta paudgalika bandha ke svarUpa ko bhalIbhA~ti spaSTa kiyA gayA hai, sUtra (34) aura (36) ke sAtha tAlamela hai| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki sUtra (35) anAvazyaka hai| cUMki digambara dRSTi se paudgalika bandha ke lie sUtra 5 : ( 35 ) meM prayukta guNa-sAmye zabda mahattvahIna hai ataH sama zabda ko sUtra 5 : 36 se nikAla denA par3atA hai jisase sUtra (37) ke pATha meM thor3o-sI bhinnatA A jAtI hai| isI prakAra sUtra 5 : (35) ke sadRzAnAm zabda kA ina niyamoM se koI tAlamela nahI hai| isIlie sarvArthasiddhi meM isa zabda kI vyAkhyA itanI ulajhanapUrNa hai| satra 5 : ( 35 ) kA svarUpa truTipUrNa hone se digambara siddhAntAnusAra paudgalika bandha ke svarUpa kA spaSTIkaraNa karane ke bajAya bhrAnti utpanna karatA hai jisase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki sarvArthasiddhi ke ye sUtra maulika nahI hai| sUtra ( 35 ) binA kisI vizeSa vicAra ke anya satroM ke sAtha apanA liyA gayA mAlUma hotA hai| isIlie yadhikAdi zabda kA artha 'dvayadhikatA' kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai jo ki apracalita aura asaMgata hai| jahA~ 'dvayadhika' zabda kisI bhrama ko prazraya denevAlA nahIM hai vahA~ use SaTkhaMDAgama ke anukUla banA diyA gayA hai| 2. parISaha 9 : 11 (11) ekAdaza jine

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- 104 - satra 9 : 11 (11) isa prakAra hai-ekAdaza jine arthAt jina ke gyAraha parISaha hote hai jo vedanIya karma ke kAraNa utpanna hote haiN| ve ye haiM : kSut, pipAsA, zIta, uSNa, daMza-mazaka, caryA zayyA, vadha, roga, tRNasparza aura mala / saptamI ke ekavacana meM prayukta jine zabda se yaha abhivyakta nahI hotA ki vaha kevala sayoga-kevalI ke lie prayukna huA hai athavA sayoga-kevalI evaM ayoga-kevalI donoM ke lie| isa satra kI TIkAe~ arthAt bhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi se lekara zratasAgara ko vatti taka sabhI isa viSaya meM mauna hai| bhagavatIsUtra 8. 8. 342 meM yaha spaSTa ullekha hai ki ye gyAraha parISaha kevalitva kI dono avasthAo meM hote haiM / ayoga-kevalI, jisakA kAla aMtarmuhUrta mAtra hotA hai, yoga se sarvathA mukta hotA hai, ataH usake parISaha hone kI koI sambhAvanA hI nhiiN| isalie 'jina' zabda kevala sayoga-kevalI ke lie hI prayukta huA samajhanA caahie| sUtra 9 : 11 (11) donoM paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se prayukta huA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra sayoga-kevalI kA vedanIya karma utanA hI prabhAvakArI hotA hai jitane ki zeSa tIna prakAra ke aghAtika karma, ataH isa sUtra kA zvetAmbAra mAnyatA se sarvathA mela hai| digambara paramparA meM isa sUtra kA vahI artha nahIM haiM apitu viparIta artha hai athavA tarka ke AdhAra para siddhAntarUpa meM yadi yaha artha mAna liyA jAe taba bhoM usameM 'upacAra' ke rUpa meM hI yaha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| digambara TIkAkAra yaha tarka prastuta karate haiM ki jinoM ke kSudhA Adi parISaha nahIM hote kyoMki unake mohanIya karma nahIM hotA jo ki asAtAvedanA kA sahAyaka kAraNa hai, yadyapi dravyarUpa meM vedanIya karma uname vidyamAna rahatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, unameM vedanIya karma dravyarUpa me rahatA hai kintu bhAvarUpa meM nahIM rahatA, isalie unake asAtA-vedanA nahIM hosI / sarvArthasiddhi meM isake lie 'upacAra' kA sahArA liyA gayA hai aura isI AdhAra para sUtra kA tarkasaMgata artha bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hainanu ca mohanIyodaya-sahAyAbhAvAt kSudAdi-vedanAbhAve parISaha-vyapade zo na yuktaH ? satyamevametat-vedanAbhAve'pi dravya-karma-sad-bhAvApekSayA parISahopacAra kriyate, niravazeSanirasta ....." jJAnAtizaye cintA-nirodhAbhAve'pi tat phala-karma-nirharaNa-phalApekSayA dhyAnopacAravat / anya digambara TIkAkAroM ne pUjyapAda kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| donoM paraMparAoM meM

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105 saiddhAntika bhinnatA hone ke kAraNa hI isa sUtra ke artha meM matabheda hai / yaha bhinnatA kevalI meM kaklAhAra mAnane aura na mAnane ke kAraNa hai / digambara matAnusAra yaha sUtra jyoM kA tyoM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / vastutaH isa sUtra meM 'na' zabda kA adhyAhAra karake usakA artha karanA cAhie, jaisA ki sarvArthasiddhi meM kiyA gayA hai athavA -- ekAdaza jine 'na santi' iti vAkyazeSaH kalpanIyaH, sopaskAratvAt sUtrANAm / taba isa saMdarbha meM 'upacAra' kI sArthakatA kaise samajhI jAe ? pUjyapAda ke kathanAnusAra jina ke parISad parISaha nahI hote kyoMki unameM vedanArUpa parISaha kA abhAva hotA hai / mohanIya karma kI anupasthiti meM bhAvavedanIya karma ( asAtA - vedanA ) kA udaya nahI hotA / uname dravyavedanIya karma kI sattA hone se unheM parISaha kahA jAtA hai / udAharaNArthaM sUkSma- kriyA aura samucchinna-kriyA dhyAna nahI hai kyoki cintAnirodharUpa dhyAna kA lakSaNa una para lAgU nahI hotA, kintu 'upacAra' se inheM dhyAna kahA jAtA hai kyoki inase karma nirharaNarUpa phala prApta hotA hai / sUkSma- kriyA aura samucchinna-kriyA zukla dhyAna ke aMtima do bheda haiM jo donoM paraMparAoM meM mAnya hai / ataH yadi inhe dhyAna ke rUpa meM mAnA jAe to isI tarka ke AdhAra para digambara matAnusAra parISahoM kI sthiti mAnanI hI par3egI, jaisA ki pUjyapAda ne likhA hai / yaha mAnyatA ki 'zukladhyAna ke aMtima do bhedoM ko isa AdhAra para dhyAna kI saMjJA dI gaI hai ki inase karmo kA kSaya hotA hai' sarvathA sadehapUrNa hai, kyoMki jaina dhyAna ke aMtargata Arta aura raudra dhyAnoM kA bhI samAveza hai jinase azubha karmo kA Asrava hotA hai / ataeva 'upacAra' kI ukti ke lie yahA~ koI avakAsa nahI hai / saMbhavataH mokSa se saMbaMdhita hone ke kAraNa sUkSma kriyA aura samucchanna- - kriyA ko dhyAna mAna liyA gayA hai, kyoMki adhikAMza dhArmika sapradAyoM meM dhyAna athavA samAdhi ke dvArA mokSa kI prApti mAnI gaI hai / yathArthataH sUkSma - kriyA kevala sUkSma kAya-yogapUrvaka hone se sayoga kevalI ke aura tInoM prakAra ke yoga se rahita hone se ayoga- kevalI ke dhyAnarUpa nahI hotI / jo ho, upacAra kI bAta asiddha ho jAne se sUkSma kriyA aura samucchinnakriyA kA udAharaNa prastuta karane kA TIkAkAra kA prayojana sArthaka siddha nahIM hotA / ataeva digambara TIkAkAro kI parISaha-sambandhI yaha mAnyatA yuktisaMgata nahI hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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- 106 - uparyukta kathana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki mohanIya karma ke abhAva se jina ke bhAva-vedanIya karma nahIM hotaa| mohanIya karma aura vedanIya karma do alaga-alaga karma hai| unakI apanI-apanI vizeSatAe~ haiN| unakI prakRti evaM kArya ko mizrita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, anyathA kArmika bhedoM meM vizRMkhalatA utpanna ho jaaegii| yadi uparyukta kathana ko svIkAra kiyA jAe to vahI tarka anya aghAtika karmoM ke viSaya meM bhI prayukta kiyA jA sakatA hai| udAharaNArtha 'jina ke bhAva-gotra karma nahIM hotA, kyoMki usameM tadanurUpa mohanIya karma kA abhAva hotA hai|' TIkAkAra yaha bhI kahate haiM ki jina ke bhAva-vedanIya karma nahIM hotA kintu dravyavedanIya karma hotA hai / yaha kathana tarkasaMgata pratIta nahIM hotA, kyoMki eka hI karma kA dravya aura bhAva ina do dRSTikoNoM se vicAra kiyA gayA hai, ataeva jahA~ eka hai vahA~ dUsarA bhI hotA hI hai| anyathA yaha tarka anya aghAtika karmoM ke viSaya meM bhI usI prakAra prayukta honA caahie| udAharaNArtha 'jina ke dravya-audArika-zarIra-nAmakarma hai kintu tatsambaddha bhAva-karma nahIM hotaa|' ye saba tarka nizcita rUpa se asagata pratIta hote hai; kAraNa, kisI paramparA kA koI rUr3ha vizvAsa prAyaH saiddhAntika niSkarSa ke sAtha nahI calatA, kyoMki vaha dhArmika bhAvanAoM meM ulajha jAtA hai| digambara paramparA meM bhI yaha rUr3ha vizvAsa jyoM kA tyoM raha gyaa| yaha paramparA isa tathya ko svIkAra na kara sakI ki jina ke bhAvavedanIya karma hotA hai, parantu yaha inakAra bhI na kara sakI ki usake dravya-vedanIya karma hotA hai| isIlie digambara AcAryo ne sUtra 9 : 11 (11) ko binA kisI prakAra ke parivartana ke svIkAra kara liyA, parantu apane rUr3higata vizvAsa ke anusAra TokAoM meM artha-saMbaMdhI saMzodhana kara ddaalaa| unhoMne yaha saMzodhana 'upacAra' kI paddhati se kiyA tAki isa sUtra kA mUla artha bilakula bigar3a na jAe / isameM ve asaphala rahe / isase yaha nizcita rUpa se pramANita ho jAtA hai ki sUtra 9 : 11 (11) mUlarUpa meM digambara paramparA kA nahIM thaa| ye do prakaraNa, jinameM donoM paraMparAoM ke saiddhAntika matabheda kA samAveza hai, vicArAdhIna mUla pATha kI yathArthatA kI siddhi ke lie mahattvapUrNa haiM / kevala inhIM sUtroM kI chAnabIna se isa samasyA ko hala karanA asambhava hai| TIkAo meM isake hala kI kuMjI chipI huI hai, ataH unheM suspaSTa karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra ke aura bhI

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udAharaNa ho sakate haiM, tathApi matabheda ke ina udAharaNoM tathA zvetAmbara saMskaraNa meM sUtra 5 : ( 29 ) arthAt sad-dravya-lakSaNam ke vilopana se yaha pramANita ho jAtA hai ki zvetAmbara pATha mUla hai aura digambara pATha usase vyutpanna huA hai| inake atirikta sUtrakAra ko yathAkramam zabda dvArA Age ke upabhedAtmaka sUtra likhane kI zailI tathA 'sa' sarvanAma dvArA hamezA nae sUtra prArambha karane kI paddhati jaise kucha choTe pramANoM dvArA bhI isI tathya kI puSTi hotI hai| taba tattvArthasUtra ke tIsare adhyAya ke saMzodhana kA yaha prazna ki 'yaha sAmagro bhASya aura jambUdvIpasamAsa se digambara saMskaraNa meM lI gaI athavA digambara saMskaraNa se bhASya aura jambUdvIpasamAsa meM lI gaI' svataH hala ho jAtA hai / -sujuko ohirA

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mUla sUtra

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kame " sandarbha-saMketa bhA0 bhASya me mudrita sUtra rA0 rAjavArtika me zlo0 zlokavArtika me sa0 sarvArthasiddhi me , si0 siddhasenIya TIkA me ,, hA0 hAribhadrIya TIkA me ,, Ti0 tattvArtha-TippaNa ( amudrita, anekAnta 3.1) rA-pA0 rAjavArtika meM nirdiSTa pAThAntara sa-pA0 sarvArthasiddhi me , ,, si-pA0 siddhasenIya vRtti kA pratyantara-pATha si-mA0 siddhasenIya vatti kA bhASya-pATha si vR0 siddhasenIya vRttisammata pATha si-va-pA0 siddhasenIya vRtti meM nirdiSTa pAThAntara

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prathamo'dhyAyaH samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH // 1 // tattvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam // 2 // tannisargAdadhigamAdvA // 3 // jIvAjIvAtrevabandhasaMvaranirjarAmokSAstattvam // 4 // nAmasthApanAdravyabhAvatastannyAsaH // 5 // pramANanayairadhigamaH // 6 // nirdezasvAmitvasAdhanA'dhikaraNasthitividhAnataH // 7 // satsaMkhyAkSetrasparzanakAlA'ntarabhAvA'lpabahutvaizca // 8 // matizrutA'vadhimanaH paryAyakevalAni jJAnam // 9 // tat pramANe // 10 // audhe parokSam // 11 // pratyakSamanyat // 12 // matiH smRtiH saMjJA cintA'bhinibodha ityanarthAntaram // 13 // tadindriyA'nindriyanimittam // 14 // avagraheAvAyadhAraNAH // 15 // bahubahuvidhakSiprAnizritosandigdhadhruvANAM setarANAm // 16 // arthasya // 17 // vyaJjanasyA'vagrahaH // 18 // 1. zrAzrava - hA0 1 2. mana. paryaya - sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 3. tatra Adhe - hA0 / 4. hApAya - bhA0 hA0 si0 / akalaMka ne 'apAya' tathA 'avAya' donoM ko saMgata kahA hai / 5. ni. sRtAnuktadhru - sa0 rA0 / - nisRtAnuktadhru - zlo0 / - kSipraniHsRtAnuktadhrusa- pA0 / - prAnizritAnuktadhru- bhA0 si vR0 / - zritanizcitadhru-si vR-pA0 / - 111 - www

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- 112 - na cakSuranindriyAbhyAm // 19 // zrataM matipUrvaM dvayanekadvAdazabhedam // 20 // dvividho'vadhiH // 21 // tetra bhavapratyayo nArakadevAnAm // 22 // yathoktanimittaH SaDvikalpaH zeSANAm // 23 // RjuvipulamatI manaHparyAyaH // 24 // vizuddhayapratipAtAbhyAM tadvizeSaH // 25 // vizuddhikSetrasvAmiviSayebhyo'vadhimanaHparyAyayoH // 26 // matizrutayonibandhaH sarvadravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu // 27 // rUpiSvavadheH // 28 // tadanantabhAge manaHparyAyasya // 29 // sarvadravyaparyAyedhu kevalasya // 30 // ekAdIni bhAjyAni yugapadekasminnAcatubhyaH // 31 // matizrutA'vadhayo viparyayazca // 32 // sadasatoravizeSAd yadRcchopalabdhesanmattavat // 33 // naigamasaMgrahavyavahArajusUtrazabdo nayAH // 34 // Adyazabdau dvitribhedau // 35 // 1. sa0rA0 zlo0 me sUtrarUpa nahIM hai| sa0 aura rA0 kI utthAnikA meM hai| 2. tatra bhava-si0 |-bhvtyyovdhivnaarkaannaam-s0 rA0 zlo0 / 3. kSayopazamanimitta -sa0rA0 zlo0 / bhASya me vyAkhyA hai.--'yathokta__nimittaH kSayopazamanimitta ityartha / ' 4. mana paryaya ---sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 5. mana parthayo.-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 6. nibandha. dravye-sa0 rA0 shlo0| 1 20 ke bhASya me uddhRta sUtrAza me 'sarva' nahI hai| 7. mana paryayasya-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 8. zratAvibhagA vipa-hA0 / 9. zabdasamabhirUdvaiSam bhUtA nayA:-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 10. yaha sUtra sa0 rA0 zlo0 meM nahI hai|

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dvitIyo'dhyAyaH aupazamikakSAyiko bhAvau mizrazca jIvasya svatattvamaudayikapAriNAmikau ca // 1 // dvinavASTAdazaikaviMzatitribhedA yathAkramam // 2 // samyaktvacAritre // 3. // jJAnadarzanadAnalAbhabhogopabhogavIryANi ca // 4 // jJAnAjJAnadarzanaMdAnAdilabdhayazcatustritripaJcabhedAH yathAkrama samyaktvacAritrasaMyamAsaMyamAzca // 5 // gatikaSAyaliGgamithyAdarzanA'jJAnA'saMyatA'siddhatvailezyAzcatuzcatustryekaikaikaikaSaDbhedAH // 6 // jIvabhavyAbhavyatvAdIni ca // 7 // upayogo lakSagam // 8 // se dvividho'STacaturbhedaH // 9 // saMsAriNo muktAzca // 10 // samanaskA'manaskAH // 11 // sNsaarinnstrssthaavraaH||12|| pRthivyambuvanaspatayaH sthAvarAH // 13 // tejovAyU dvIndriyAdayazca trasAH // 14 // paJcandriyANi // 15 // 1. darzanalabdhaya-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 2. sa0 rA0 zlo0 meM 'yathAkrama' nahI hai| 3. siddhalezyA-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 4. tvAni ca-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 5. si-bR-pA0 me 'sa' nahIM hai| 6. kisI ke dvArA kie gae sUtra-viparyAsa kI AlocanA siddhasena ne kI hai| 7. pRthivyaptejovAyuvanaspatayaH sthAvarA:-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 8. dvIndriyAdayastrasA:-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / - 113 -

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114 dvividhAni // 16 // nirvRttyupakaraNe dravyendriyam // 17 // labdhyupayogI bhAvendriyam // 18 // upayoga: sparzAdiSu // 19 // sparzanarasanaghrANacakSuH zrotrANi // 20 // sparzarasagandhavarNazabdAsteSAmarthAH // 21 // zrutamanindriyasya // 22 // vAyvantAnAmekam // 23 // kRmipipIlikAbhramara manuSyAdInAmekaika vRddhAni // 24 // saMjJinaH samanaskAH / / 25 / / vigrahagatau karmayogaH // 26 // anuzreNi gatiH // 27 // avigrahA jIvasya // 28 // 6 vigrahavatI ca saMsAriNaH prAk caturbhyaH // 29 // ekasamayo'vigrahaH // 30 // ekaM dvau vA'nAhArakaH // 31 // sammUrchana garbhopapAtI janma // 32 // 1. sa0 rA0 zlo0 me nahI hai / siddhasena * kahate hai - 'koI isako sUtra nahIM mAnate aura vahate haiM ki bhASyavAkya ko hI sUtra banA diyA gayA hai / ' -- pR0 169 / 2. tadarthA - sa0rA0 zlo0 / 'tadarthAH ' aisA samastapada ThIka nahI, isa zaMkA kA nirAkaraNa akalaMka aura vidyAnanda ne dUsarI ora zve0 TIkAkAro ne isakA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai ki asamasta pada kyo rakhA gayA hai / kiyA hai / 3. vanaspatyantAnAmekam - sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 4. siddhasena kahate hai ki koI sUtra me 'manuSya' pada ko anArSa samajhate hai / 5. siddhasena kahate hai ki koI isake bAda pratIndriyA. kevalina. sUtra rakhate hai / 6. ekasamayA'vigrahA - sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 7. dvau trInvA - sa0 rA0 zlo0 / sUtragata 'vA' zabda se koI 'tIna' kA bhI saMgraha karate the, aisA haribhadra aura siddhasena kA kahanA hai / 8. pAtAjjanma sa0 / - pAdA janma rA0 zlo0 / For Private Personal Use Only

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- 115 - sacittazItasaMvRtAH setarA mizrAzcaikazastadyonayaH // 33 // jarAyvaNDapotajAnAM garbhaH // 34 // nArakadevAnAmupapAtaH // 35 // zeSANAM sammUrchanam // 36 // audArikavaikriyA''hArakataijasakArmaNAni zarIrANi // 37 // paraM paraM sUkSmam // 38 // pradezato'saMkhyeyaguNaM prAk taijasAt // 39 // anantaguNe pare // 40 // apratighAte // 41 // anAdisambandhe ca // 42 // sarvasya // 43 // tadAdIni bhAjyAni yugapadekasyAcatubhyaH // 44 // nirupabhogamantyam // 45 // garbhasammUrchanajamAdyam // 46 // 1. jarAyujANDapotajAnAM garbha-hA0 / jarAyujANDapotAnAM garbha.-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / rA0 aura zlo0 'potaja' pATha para Apatti karate hai| siddhasena ko yaha Apatti ThIka nahIM mAlUma hotii| 2. devanArakANAmupapAda:-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 3. vatriyikA-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 4. siddhasena kA kahanA hai ki koI 'zarIrANi' ko alaga sUtra samajhate hai / 5. bhA0 me teSAM pada sUtrAMza ke rUpa me chapA hai, lekina bhASyaTIkAkAro ke mata meM yaha bhASya kA aMza hai / 6. apratIghAte-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 7. dekasminnAcatu-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / lekina TIkyoM se mAlUma hotA hai ki ekasya sUtrapATha abhipreta hai /

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- 116 - vaikriyamaupapAtikam // 47 // labdhipratyayaM ca // 48 // zubhaM vizuddhamavyAdhAti cAhArakaM caturdazapUrvadharasyaiva // 49 // nArakasammUchino napuMsakAni // 50 // na devAH // 51 // aupapAtikaicaramadehottamapuruSA'saMkhyeyavarSAyuSo'napavAyuSaH // 52 // 1. praupapAdikaM vaikriyikam-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 2. isake bAda sa0 rA0 zlo0 me taijasamapi sUtra hai / bhA0 me taijasamapi sUtra ke rUpa meM nahI hai| hA0 me zubham .. ityAdi sUtra ke bAda yaha sUtrarUpa meM hai| si0 me yaha sUtra ka0 kha0 prati kA pAThAntara hai| Ti0 me yaha svataMtra sUtra hai, kintu agale sUtra ke bAda hai| usakA yahA~ honA TippaNakAra ne anucita mAnA hai / 3. caturdazapUrvadhara eva-si0 / pramattasaMyatasyaiva-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / siddhasena kA kahanA hai ki koI akRtsnazrutaddhimataH vizeSaNa aura joDate hai / 4. isake bAda sa0 rA0 zlo0 me zeSAstrivedAH sUtra hai| zvetAmbara / pATha me yaha sUtra nahIM hai, kyAMki isa artha kA bhASyavAkya hai / 5. aupapAdikacaramottamadehA'saM-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 6. caramadehottamadehapu-sa-pA0, rA-pA0 / siddhasena kA kahanA hai ki isa sUtra me sUtrakAra ne 'uttamapuruSa' pada kA grahaNa nahI kiyA hai-aisA koI mAnate hai / pUjyapAda, akalaMka aura vidyAnanda 'carama' ko 'uttama' kA vizeSaNa samajhate hai|

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tRtIyo'dhyAyaH ratnazarkarAvAlukApaGkadhUmatamomahAtamaHprabhA bhUmayo ghanAmbuvAtAkAzapratiSThAH saptAdho'dhaH pRthutarAH // 1 // tAsu narakAH // 2 // nityAzubhataralezyApariNAmadehavedanAvikriyAH // 3 // parasparodIritaduHkhAH // 4 // saMkliSTAsurodIritaduHkhAzca prAkacaturthyAH // 5 // teSvekatrisaptadazasaptadazadvAviMzatitrayastrizatsAgaropamAH sattvAnAM parA sthitiH||6|| jambUdvIpalavaNodayaH zubhanAmAno dIpasamudrAH // 7 // dviiivaSkambhAH pUrvapUrvaparikSepiNo vlyaakRtyH||8|| tanmadhye merunAbhirvatto yojanazatasahasraviSkambho jambUdvIpaH // 9 // tatra bharatahaimavataharivideharamyakahairaNyavatairAvatavarSAH kSetrANi // 10 // tadvibhAjinaH pUrvAparAyatA himavanmahAhimavaniSadhanIlarukmizikhariNo varSadharaparvatAH // 11 // 1. isake vigraha me siddhAnta pATha aura sAmarthya gamya pATha kI carcA sarvArtha siddhi meM hai| 2 pRthutarAH sa0 rA0 zlo0 meM nhii| akalaGka pRthutarA: pATha ko anAva zyaka mAnate hai / isa sUtra ke bAda Ti0 me dharmA vaMzA zailAjanA riSTA mAghavyA mAdhavIti ca sUtra hai| 3. tAsutrizatpaJcaviMzatipaJcadazatripadonekanarakazatasahasrANi paJca caiva yathAkramam-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / isa sUtra me sannihita gaNanA bhASya meM hai| 4. teSu nArakA nityA-si0 / nArakA nityA-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 5. lavaNodAdaya:--sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 6. 'tatra' Ti0 sa0 rA0 zlo0 me nahI hai| 7. vaMzadharaparvatA:-si0 / 8. siddhasena kA kahanA hai ki isa sUtra ke bAda tatra paJca ityAdi bhASyavAkya - 117 -

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- 118 - dvirdhAtakIkhaNDe // 12 // puSkarArdhe ca // 13 // prAGmAnuSottarAn manuSyAH // 14 // AryA mlecchAzca // 15 // bharatairAvatavidehAH karmabhUmayo'nyatra devakuruttarakurubhyaH // 16 // nRsthitI parApare tripalyopamAntarmuhUrte // 17 // tiryagyonInAM ca // 18 // ko koI satra samajhate hai| sa0 me isa Azaya kA sUtra 24vA hai / haribhadra aura siddhasena kahate hai ki yahA~ koI vidvAn bahuta se naye sUtra apane Apa banAkara vistAra ke lie rakhate hai| unakA yaha kathana saMbhavata. sarvArthasiddhimAnya sUtrapATha ko lakSya me rakhakara hai, kyoki usame isa sUtra ke bAda 12 sUtra aise hai jo zve0 satrapATha meM nahI hai / usake bAda ke sUtra 24 aura 25 bhI bhASyamAnya 11veM sUtra ke bhASya-aMza hI hai| sa0 rA0 ke sUtra 26 se 32 bhI adhika hI hai / sa0 ke 13ve sUtra ko toDa kara zlo0 meM do sUtra banA die gae hai / adhika sUtroM ke pATha ke lie sa0 rA0 zlo0 draSTavya hai / 1 prAryA milazAca-bhA0 hA0 / 2. parAvare-rA0 zlo0 / 3. tiryagyonijAnAM ca-sa0 rA0 zlo0 /

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caturtho'dhyAyaH devaashctunikaayaaH||1|| tRtIyaH pItalezyaH // 2 // dazASTapaMcadvAdazavikalpAH kalpopapannaparyantAH // 3 // indrasAmAnikatrAstrizapAriSadyAtmarakSalokapAlAnIkaprakIrNakAbhi - yogykilvissikaashcaikshH||4|| trAstrirzalokapAlavA vyantarajyotiSkAH // 5 // pUrvayo:ndrAH // 6 // pItAntalezyAH // 7 // kAyapravIcArA A-aizAnAt // 8 // zeSAH sparzarUpazabdamanaHpravIcArA dvayodvayoH // 9 // pre'prviicaaraaH||10|| bhvnvaasino'surnaagvidyutsuprnnaagnivaatstnitoddhidviipdikkuumaaraaH||11|| vyantarAH kinnarakiMpuruSamahoragAndharvayakSarAkSasabhUtapizAcAH // 12 // 1. devAzcaturNikAyA -sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 2. prAditastriSu pItAntale DA. sa0 rA0 shlo0| dekheM-vivecana, pR0 95, Ti0 1 / 3. pAriSadA-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 4 -shllok-s0| 5. varmA-si0 / 6. yaha sUtra sa0 rA0 zlo0 meM nahI hai / 7. dordvayoH sa0 rA0 zlo0 meM nahI hai| ina padoM ko sUtra meM rakhane ke viSaya me kisI kI zaMkA kA samAdhAna karate hue akalaGka kahate hai ki aisA karanA ArSa-virodha hai / 8 gandharva -hA0 sa0 rA0 zlo0 / - 119 -

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jyotiSkAH sUryAcandramaso' grahanakSatraprakIrNatAkAzca // 13 // merupradakSiNA nityagatayo nRloke // 14 // tatkRtaH kAlavibhAgaH // 15 // 120 bahiravasthitAH // 16 // vaimAnikAH // 17 // kalpopapannAH kalpAtItAzca // 18 // uparyupari // 19 // saudharmezA nasAnatkumAra mAhendra brahmalokalAntaka mahAzukra sahasrAreSvAnataprANatayorAraNAcyutayornavasu graiveyakeSu vijayavaijayantajayantA'parAjiteSu sarvArthasiddhe ca // 20 // 5 sthitiprabhAvasukhadyutilezyA vizuddhIndriyAvadhiviSayato'dhikAH // 21 // gatizarIraparigrahAbhimAnato honAH // 22 // pItapadmazuklalezyA dvitrizeSeSu // 23 // prAggraiveyakebhyaH kalpAH // 24 // brahmalokAlA lokAntikAH // 25 // sArasvatAdityavahnayaruNagardatoyatuSitAvyAbAdharmaruto'riSTAca // 26 // vijayAdiSu dvicaramAH // 27 // 1. - sUryAcandramasau - sa0 rA0 ilo0 / 2. - prakIrNakatA - sa0 rA0 ilo0 / 3. - tArAzca - hA0 / 4. - mAhendrabrahma brahmottaralAntavakApiSThazukra mahA zukrazatArasahasrA - sa0 rA0 zlo0 / zlo0 meM satAra pATha hai / digambara paramparA ke bhI prAcIna granthoM me bAraha kalpoM kA kathana hai / dekheM -- jaina jagata, varSa 4, aMka 6, pR0 202; anekAta, varSa 5, aMka 10-11, pR0 342 // 5. - siddhau ca - sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 6. Ti0 meM isake bAda ucchvAsAhAravedanopapAtAnubhAvatazca sAdhyAH sUtra hai / 7. pItamizra padmamizra zuklalezyA dvidvicatuzcatuH zeSeSviti - rA-pA0 / 8. -layA laukA sa0 rA0 zlo0; si-pA0 / 9 - vyAbAdhAriSTAica - sa0 rA0 Ti0 1 / For Private zlo0 / dekhe - vivecana, pR0 108, Personal Use Only

Page #148
- 121 - aupapAtikamanuSyebhyaH shessaastirygyonyH||28|| sthitiH // 29 // bhavaneSu dakSiNArdhAdhipatInAM palyopamamadhyardham // 30 // zeSANAM pAdone // 31 // asurendrayoH sAgaropamamadhikaM ca // 32 // saudharmAdiSu yathAkramam // 33 // sAgaropame // 34 // adhike ca // 35 // sapta sAnatkumAre // 36 // vizeSatrisaptadazaikAdazatrayodazapaJcadazabhiradhikAni ca // 37 // AraNAcyutAdUrdhvamekaikena navasu graiveyakeSu vijayAdiSu sarvArthasiddhe ca // 38 // aparA palyopamamadhikaM ca // 39 // sAgaropame // 40 // adhike ca // 41 // parataH parataH pUrvA puurvaa'nntraa||42|| nArakANAM ca dvitIyAdiSu // 43 // dazavarSasahasrANi prathamAyAm // 44 // bhavaneSu ca // 45 // vyantarANAM ca // 46 // 1. -pAdika-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 2. isa sUtra se 32 veM sUtra taka ke lie sthitirasuranAgasuparNadvIpazeSANAM sAgaropamatripalyopamArddhahInamitA-yaha eka hI sUtra sa0 rA0 zlo0 meM hai / zve0 di0 donoM paraMparAoM me bhavanapati kI utkRSTa sthiti ke viSaya meM matabheda hai| 3. isa sUtra se 35ve sUtra taka ke lie eka hI sUtra saudharmezAnayo. sAgaropame adhike ca sa0 rA0 zlo0 meM hai| donoM paraMparAoM me sthiti ke parimANa meM bhI antara hai / dekheM-prastuta sUtroM kI ttiikaaeN| 4. sAnatkumAramAhendrayoH sapta-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 5. trisaptanavaikAdazapaMcadazabhiradhikAni tu-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 6. siddhau ca-sa0rA0 zlo0 / 7. yaha aura isake bAda kA sUtra sa0 rA0 zlo0 meM nahI hai /

Page #149
- 122 - parA plyopmm||47|| jyotiSkANAmadhikam // 48 // grahANAmekam // 49 // nakSatrANAmardham // 50 // tArakANAM cturbhaagH||51|| jaghanyA tvaSTabhAgaH // 52 // catarbhAgaH zeSANAm // 53 // 1. parA palyopamamadhikam-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 2 jyotiSkAraNAM ca -sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 3. yaha aura 50, 51 sUtra sa0 rA0 zlo0 meM nahIM hai / 4. tadaSTabhAgo'parA-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / jyotiSkoM kI sthiti viSayaka jo sUtra digambara pATha meM nahI hai una sUtroM ke viSaya kI pUrti rAjavA tika kAra ne isI sUtra ke vArtikoM meM kI hai| 5. sa0 rA0 zlo0 me nahIM hai| sa0 aura rA0 me eka aura aMtima sUtra laukAntikAnAmaSTo sAgaropamAriNa sarveSAma-42 hai, jo zlo0 me nahI hai|

Page #150
paJcamo'dhyAyaH ajovakAyA dharmAdharmAkAzapudgalAH // 1 // dravyANi jIvAzca // 2 // nityAvasthitAnyarUpANi // 3 // rUpiNaH pudglaaH||4|| A''kAzAdekadravyANi // 5 // niSkriyANi ca // 6 // asaGkhyeyAH pradezA dharmAdharmayoH // 7 // jIvasya // 8 // AkAzasyAnantAH // 9 // saGkhyeyA'saGkhyeyAzca pudgalAnAm // 10 // 1 sa0 rA0 zlo0 me isa eka sUtra ke sthAna para dravyANi va jIvAzca ye do sUtra hai| siddhasena kahate hai-'koI isa sUtra ko upayukta prakAra se do satra banAkara paDhate hai jo ThIka nahI hai|' akalaGka ke sAmane bhI kisI ne zaGkA uThAI hai-dravyANi jIdAH aisA 'ca' rahita eka sUtra hI kyo nahI rakhate ?' vidyAnanda kA kahanA hai ki spaSTa pratipatti ke lie hI do sUtra banAe gae hai| 2. siddhasena kahate hai-'koI isa sUtra ko tor3akara nityAvasthitAni evaM prarUpANi ye do sUtra banAte hai|' nityAvasthitAnyarUpANi pAThAntara bhI unhone vRtti me diyA hai| nityAvasthitAnyarUpINi aise eka aura pATha kA bhI unhone nideza kiyA hai / 'koI nityapada ko avasthita kA vizeSaNa samajhate hai' aisA bhI ve kahate hai| isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA ke matAntaroM ke lie middhasenIya vRtti draSTavya hai / 3 dekhe--vivecana, pR0 115, Ti0 1 / 4. -dharmAdharmakajInAm-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 5. sa0 rA0 zlo0 meM yaha pRthaka sUtra nahIM hai| siddhasena ne pRthak satra rakhane ke kAraNa kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai / - 123 -

Page #151
- 124 - nANoH // 11 // lokAkAze'vagAhaH // 12 // dhirmayoH kRtsne // 13 // ekapradezAdiSu bhAjyaH pudgalAnAm // 14 // asaGkhyayabhAgAdiSu jIvAnAm // 15 // pradezasaMhAravisargobhyAM pradIpavat // 16 // gatisthityupagraho dharmAdharmayorupakAraH // 17 // AkAzasyAvagAhaH // 18 // zarIravAGmanaHprANApAnAH pudgalAnAm // 19 // sukhaduHkhajIvitamaraNopagrahAzca // 20 // parasparopagraho jIvAnAm // 21 // vartanA pariNAmaH kriyA paratvAparatve ca kAlasya // 22 // sparzarasagandhavarNavantaH pudgalAH // 23 // zabdabandhasaukSamyasthaulyasaMsthAnabhedatamazchAyA''tapodyotavantazca // 24 // aNavaH skandhAzca // 25 // saGkAtabhedebhyaM utpadyante // 26 // bhedAdaNuH // 27 // bhedasaGghAtAbhyAM cAkSuSoH // 28 // utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat // 29 // tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam // 30 // 1. -visarpA-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 2. -pagraho-si0 sa0 rA0 zlo0 / akalaMka ne dvivacana kA samarthana kiyA hai / dekhe--vivevana, pR0 123, Ti0 1 / 3. vartanApariNAmakriyAH para-sa0 / vartanApariNAmakriyA para-rA0 / 4. bhedasaMghAtebhya u-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 5. -cAkSuSaH-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / siddhasena isa sUtra ke artha me kisI kA matabheda batalAte hai / 6. isa sUtra se pahale sa0 aura zlo0 me sada dravyalakSaNam sUtra hai| lekina rAla me aisA alaga sUtra nahIM hai, usame to yaha bAta utthAnikA meM hI kahI gaI hai / bhASya meM isakA bhAvakathana hai|

Page #152
* 125 - 5 arpitArnApitasiddheH // 31 // snigdharUkSatvAdbandhaH // 32 // na jaghanyaguNAnAm // 33 // guNasAmye sadRzAnAm // 34 // dvayadhikAdiguNAnAM tu // 35 // bandhe samAdhikau pAriNAmikau // 36 // 3 4 guNaparyAyavad dravyam // 37 // kAlazcetyeke // 38 // so'nantasamayaH // 39 // dravyAzrayA nirguNA guNAH // 40 // tadbhAvaH pariNAmaH // 41 // anAdirAdimAM // 42 // rUpiSvAdimAn // 43 // yogopayogI jIveSu // 44 // 1. isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM matabheda hai / haribhadra sabase nirAlA hI artha karate haiM / haribhadra kI vyAkhyA kA siddhasena ne matAntararUpa meM nirdeza kiyA hai / 2. bandha kI prakriyA me zve0 di0 matabheda ke lie dekheM - vivecana, pR0 139 / 3. bandhedhika pAriNAmikau - sa0 zlo0 / rA0 me sUtra ke anta me 'ca' haiM / akalaMka ne samAdhiko pada kA khaNDana kiyA hai / 4. dekheM - vivecana, pR0 144, Ti0 1 / kAlazca - sa0 210 zlo0 / 5. me ye antima tInoM sUtra sa0 rA0 zlo0 bhASya ke mata kA khaNDana kiyA hai / pR0 146-147 / Ti0 meM isake pahale nahI hai / rAjavArtikakAra ne vistAra ke lie dekheM - vivecana, sa dvividha. sUtra hai / For Private Personal Use Only

Page #153
SaSTho'dhyAyaH kAyavAGamanaHkarma yogaH // 1 // sa AsravaH // 2 // zubhaH puNyasya // 3 // azubhaH pApasya // 4 // sakaSAyAkaSAyayoH sAmparAyikaryApathayoH // 5 // avatakaSAyendriyakriyAH paJcacatuHpaJcapaJcaviMzatisaGkhyAH pUrvasya bhedAH // 6 // tIvamandajJAtAjJAtabhAvavIryA'dhikaraNavizeSebhyastadvizeSaH // 7 // adhikaraNaM jIvAjovAH // 8 // AdyaM saMrambhasamArambhArambhayogakRtakAritAnumatakaSAyavizeSaitristri - strizcatuzcaikazaH // 9 // nirvartanAnikSepasaMyoganisargA dvicaturdvitribhedAH param // 10 // tatpradoSanihnavamAtsaryAntarAyAsAdanopaghAtA jnyaandrshnaavrnnyoH||11|| duHkhazokatApAkrandanavadhaparidevanAnyAtmaparobhayasthAnyasadvadyasya // 12 // bhUtavratyanukampA dAnaM sarAgasaMyamAdiyogaH kSAntiH zaucamiti sadvadyasya // 13 // 1 dekheM-vivecana, pR0 141, Ti0 1 / 2. yaha sUtrarUpa me hAla meM nahIM hai| lekina zeSa pApam sUtra hai| si0 me azubha. pApasya sUtrarUpa me chapA hai, lekina TIkA se mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha bhASpa-aza hai| 3. indriya kamAyAvatakriyA:-hA0 si0 Ti0; sa0 rA0 zlo0 / bhASyamAnya pATha me avata ho pahale hai / sUtra kI TIkA karate samaya siddhasena ke sAmane indriya pATha prathama hai / kintu sUtra ke bhASya meM avrata pATha prathama hai / siddhasena ko jaba sUtra aura bhASya kI yaha asaMgati jJAta huI to unhone ise dUra karane kI koziza bhI kii| 4. -bhAvAdhikaraNavIryavize-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 5. bhUtavatyanukampAdAnasarAgasaMyamAdiyogaH-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / - 126 -

Page #154
- 127 - kevalizrutasaGghadharmadevAvarNavAdo darzanamohasya // 14 // kssaayodyaattiivaatmprinnaamshcaaritrmohsy|| 15 // bahvArambhaparigrahatvaM ce nArakasyAyuSaH // 16 // mAyA tairyagyonasya // 17 // alpArambhaparigrahatvaM svabhAvamArdavArjavaM ca mAnuSasya // 18 // niHzIlavatatvaM ca sarveSAm // 11 // sarAgasaMyamasaMyamAsaMyamAkAmanirjarAbAlatapAMsi devasya // 20 // yogavakratA visaMvAdanaM cAzubhasya nAmnaH // 21 // viparItaM zubhasya // 22 // darzanavizuddhivinayasampannatA zIlavateSvanaticAro'bhIkSNaM jJAnopayogasaMvegau zaktitastyAgatapasI saddhasAdhusamAdhivaiyAvRttyakaraNamahadAcAryabahuzrutapravacanabhaktirAvazyakAparihANirgiprabhAvanA pravacanavatsalatvamiti tIrthakRttvasya // 23 // parAtmanindAprazaMse sadasadguNAcchAdanobhAvane ca nIcairgotrasya // 24 // tadviparyayo nIcairvRttyanutseko cottarasya // 25 // vighnakaraNamantarAyasya // 26 // 1. -tIvapari-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 2. sa. rA0 zlo0 me 'ca' nahI hai / 3. isake sthAna para alpArammaparigrahatvaM mAnuSasya aura svabhAvamArdavaM ca ye do sUtra digambara paraMparA meM hai| eka hI sUtra kyo nahI banAyA gayA, isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna bhI digambara TIkAkAro ne kiyA hai| 4. dekheM--vivecana, pR0 157, Ti0 1 / 5. dekheM-vivecana, pR0 157, Ti0 2 / 6. isake bAda Ti0 me samyaktvaM ca sUtra hai| 7. tadvipa-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 8. bhIkSNajJA-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / / 9. sa0 rA0 zlo0 me 'saGgha' nahI hai / 10. tIrthakaratvasya-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 11. -guNocchA-sa0 / guNacchA-rA0 zlo /

Page #155
saptamo'dhyAyaH hiMsA'nRtasteyA'brahmaparigrahebhyo virativratam // 1 // dezasarvato'NumahatI // 2 // tatsthairyArtha bhAvanAH paJca paJca // 3 // hiMsAdiSvihAmutra caupAyAvadyadarzanam // 4 // duHkhameva vA // 5 // maitrIpramodakAruNyamAdhyasyAni sattvaguNAdhikaklizyamAnAvineyeSu // 6 // jagatkAyasvabhAvau ce savegavairAgyArtham // 7 // pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA // 8 // asadabhidhAnamanRtam // 9 // adattAdAnaM steyam // 10 // maithunamabrahma // 11 // 1. -paJca paJcazaH si-vR-pA0 / akalaMka ke sAmane paJcazaH pATha hone ko AzaMkA kI gaI hai / isa sUtra ke bAda vAGmanoguptIryAdAnanikSepaNasamityAlokitapAnabhojanAni paJca // 4 // krodhalobha bhIru.vahAsyapratyAkhyAnAnyanuvIcibhASaNaM ca paJca // 5 // zanyAgAravimocitAvAsaparoparodhAkaraNabhakSa (kSya-rA0 ) zuddhi saddharmA ( sadharmA-zlo0 ) visaMvAdAH paJca // 6 // strIrAgakathAzravaNatanmanoharAGganirIkSaNa pUrvaratAnusmaraNavRSyeSTarasasvazarIrasaMskAratyAgA. paJca // 7 // manojJAmanojendriyaviSyarAgadveSavarjanAni paJca // 8 // aise pA~ca sUtra sa0 rA0 zlo0 me hai jinakA bhAva isI sUtra ke bhASya me hai| 2. -mutrApAyA-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 3. siddhasena kahate hai ki isI sUtra ke vyAdhipratIkAratvAt kaDUparigatatvA. ccAbrahma tathA parigraheSvAptaprAptanaSTeSu kAGakSAzoko prApteSu ca rakSaNamupabhoge vA'vitRpti. ina bhASyavAkyoM ko koI do sUtra mAnate hai / 4. -mAdhyasthAni ca sa-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 5. sa0 rA0 zlo0 me 'ca' ke sthAna me 'vA' hai / - 128 -

Page #156
murchA parigrahaH // 12 // niHzalyo vratI // 13 // agAryanagArazca // 14 // aNuvrato'gArI // 15 // digdezAnarthadaNDaviratisAmAyikapauSadhopavAsopabhogaparibhogeparimANA'tithisaMvibhAgavatasampannazca // 16 // mAraNAntiko saMlekhanAM joSitA // 17 // zaGkAkAGkSAvicikitsA'nyadRSTiprazaMsAsaMstavAH smygdRsstterticaaraaH||18|| vratazoleSu paJca paJca yathAkramam // 19 // bandhavadhacchavicchedAtibhArAropaNAnapAnanirodhAH // 20 // mithyopadezaraha~syAbhyAkhyAnakUTalekhakriyAnyAsApahArasAkAramantrabhedAH // 21 // stenaprayogatadAhRtAdAnaviruddharAjyAtikramahInAdhikamAnonmAnapratirUpakavyavahArAH / / 22 // paravivAhakaraNetvaraMparigRhItA'parigRhItAgamanAnaGgakrIDAtIvakAmAbhinivezAH // 23 // 1. proSadho-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 2. bhogAtithi-bhA0 / siddhasena vRtti meM bhI isa sUtra ke bhASya meM parimANa zabda nahI hai / dekheM-pa0 93. paM0 12 / 3. dekhe--vivecana pR0 181, Ti0 1 / 4. sallekhanA-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 5. ratIcArA.- bhA0 si0, rA0 zlo0 / 6. -vadhacchedAti-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 7. rahobhyA-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 8. -tvarikApari-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 9. - DAkAmatIvAbhi-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 10. isa satra ke sthAna para koI paravivAhakaraNetvarikAparigahItAparigahI tAgamanAnaGgakrIDAtIvakAmAbhinivezaH ( zAH ) sUtra mAnate hai, aisA siddhasena kA kahanA hai / yaha sUtra digambara pATha se kucha-kucha milatA hai / dekhe-Upara kI TippaNI / kucha loga isI sUtra kA padaviccheda paravivAhakaraNaM itvarikA

Page #157
- 130 - kssetrvaastuhirnnysuvrnndhndhaanydaasiidaaskupyprmaannaatikrmaaH||24|| UrdhvAdhastiryagvyatikramakSetravRddhismRtyantardhAnAni // 25 // AnayanapreSyaprayogazabdarUpAnupAtapudgalakSepAH // 26 // kandarpakautkucyamaukharyAsamIkSyAdhikaraNopabhogAdhikatvAni // 27 // yogaduSpraNidhAnAnAdarasmRtyanupasthApanAni // 28 // apratyavekSitApramAjitotsargAdAnanikSepasaMstAroekramaNAnAdarasmRtyanupasthApanAni // 29 // sacittasambaddha sNmishraabhissvdusspkvaahaaraaH||30|| sacittanikSepa pidhAnaparavyapadezamAtsaryakAlAtikramAH // 31 // jIvitamaraNAzaMsAmitrAnurAgasukhAnubandhanidAna karaNAni // 32 // anugrahArthaM svasyAtisargo dAnam // 33 // vidhidravyadAtRpAtra vizeSAttadvizeSaH // 34 // gamanaM parigRhItAparigRhItAgamana anaGgakrIDAtIvra mAbhinivezaH karate hai, aisA siddhasena kahate hai / isa prakAra padaccheda karane vAlA itvarikA pada kA artha karanA bhI siddhasena ko mAnya nahI hai / 1. - smRtyantarAdhAnAni-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 2. kisI ke mata se Alayana pATha hai, aisA siddhanena kahate hai / 3. -pudgalaprakSepAH-bhA0 hA0 / hA0 vRtti mai to pudagalakSepA hI pATha hai| si-vR0 me pudAlaprakSepa pATha hai / 4. - kokuvya-bhA0 hA0 / 5. -karagopabhogaparibhogAnarthakyAni-sa0 rA0 zlo' / 6. smRtyanupasthAnAni -sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 7. apratyupekSi-hA0 / 8. -dAnasaMstaro-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 9 -smRtyanupasthAnAni-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 10. -sambandha-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 11. -kSepApidhAna-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 12. Ti0 meM yaha sUtra nahI hai / 13. -nidAnAni-sa0 rA0 zlo0 /

Page #158
aSTamo'dhyAyaH mithyAdarzanAviratipramAdakaSAyayogA bandhahetavaH // 1 // sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAna pudgalAnAdatte // 2 // sa bandhaH // 3 // prkRtisthitynubhaavprdeshaastdvidhyH||4|| Adyo jJAnadarzanAvaraNavedanIyamohanIyAyuSkanAmagotrAntarAyAH // 5 // paJcanavadvayaSTAviMzaticaturvicatvAriMzadvipaJcabhedI yathAkramam // 6 // matyAdInAm // 7 // cakSuracakSuravadhikevalAnAM nidrAnidrAnidrApracalApracalApracalAstyAnagaddhivedanoyAni ca // 8 // sadasavedye // 9 // darzanacAritramohanIyakaSAyanokaSAyavedanIyAkhyAstridviSoDazanavabhedAH 1. yaha sUtra sa0 rA0 zlo0 meM dUsare sUtra ke anta meM hI samAhita hai| 2 -tyanubhava-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / / 3. -tIyAyurnAma-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 4. -bhedo-raa0| 5 matizrutAvadhimana.paryayakevalAnAm-sa. rA0 zlo0 / kintu yaha pATha siddhasena ko apArthaka mAlUma hotA hai / akalaGka aura vidyAnanda zve0 paraMparA samta laghupATha kI apekSA uparyukta pATha ko hI ThIka samajhate haiN| 6. -styAnaddhi-si0 / si-bhA0 kA pATha 'styAnagRddhi' mAlUma hotA hai kyoki siddhasena kahate hai-styAnaddhiriti vA pAThaH / 7. -styAnagRddhayazca-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / siddhasena ne vedanIya pada kA samarthana kiyA hai| 8. darzanacAritramohanIyAkaSAyakaSAyavedanIyAkhyAstridvinavaSoDazamedAH samyaktvamithyAtvatadubhayAnyakaSAyakSAyo hAsyaratyaratizokabhayajugupsAstrIpunnapuMsakavedA anantAnubandhyapratyAkhyAnapratyAkhyAnasaMjvalanavikalpAzcaikazaH krodhamAnamAyAlobhAH-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / - 131 -

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- 132 - samyaktvamithyAtvatadubhayAni kaSAyanokaSAyAvanantAnubandhyapratyAkhyAnapratyAkhyAnAvaraNasaMjvalanavikalpAzcaikazaH krodhamAnamAyAlomA hAsyaratyaratizokabhayajugupsAstrIpuMnapuMsakavedAH // 10 // nArakatairyagyonamAnuSadaivAni // 11 // gatijAtizarIrAGgopAGganirmANabandhanasaGghAtasaMsthAnasaMhananasparzarasa - gandhavarNAnupUrvyagurulaghUpadhAtaparAdhAtAtapodyotocchavAsavihAyogatayaH pratyekazarIratrasasubhagasusvarazubhasUkSmaparyAptasthirAdeyayazAMsi setarANi tIrthakRttvaM ca // 12 // uccaiHcaizca // 13 // dAnAdInAm // 14 // AditastisRNAmantarAyasya ca triMzatsAgaropamakoTIkoTayaH parA sthitiH // 15 // saptatirmohanIyasya // 16 // nAmagotrayovizatiH // 17 // trayastrizatsAgaropamANyAyuSkasya // 18 // aparA dvAdazamuhartA vedanIyasya // 19 // nAmagotrayoraSTau // 20 // zeSANAmantarmuhUrtam // 21 // 1. kisI ko yaha itanA lambA sUtra nahI jaMcatA, isakA pUrvAcArya ne jo uttara diyA hai vahI siddhasena ne uddhRta kiyA hai duryAkhyAno garIyAzca moho bhavati bandhanaH / na tatra lAghavAdiSTa sUtrakAreNa durvacam / / 2 -nupUrvyAgu-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / si - vR0 me AnupUrvya pATha hai / anya ke mata se siddhasena ne AnupUrvI pATha batAyA hai| dono ke mata se sUtra kA bhinna-bhinna rUpa bhI unhoMne darzAyA hai| 3. -deyayazaskI (za kI) tisetarANi tIrthakaratva ca-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 4. dAnalAbhabhogopabhogavIryANAm sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 5 -viMzatirnAmagotrayo -sa. rA0 zlo0 / 6. -NyAyuSa sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 7. -muhUrtA-sa0 rA0 zlo0 /

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- 133 - vipAko'nubhAvaH // 22 // sa yathAnAma // 23 // tatazca nirjarA // 24 // nAmapratyayAH sarvato yogavizeSAt sUkSmaikakSetrAvagADhesthitAH sarvAtmapradezeSvanantAnantapradezAH // 25 // sadvadyasamyaktvahAsyaratipuruSavedazubhAyurnAmagotrANi puNyam // 26 // 1. -nubhavaH-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 2. -vagAhasthi-sa0 rA0 3lo0 / 3. dekheM-vivecana, pR0 205, Ti01 / isake sthAna para sa0 rA0 zlo0 __ meM do sUtra hai-sadvedyazubhAyurnAmagotrANi puNyam tathA ato'nyat pApam / dUsare sUtra ko anya TIkAkAroM ne bhASya-aMza mAnA hai|

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navamo'dhyAyaH AsravanirodhaH saMvaraH // 1 // sa guptisamitidharmAnuprekSAparISahajayacAritraiH // 2 // tapasA nirjarA ca // 3 // samyagyoganigraho guptiH||4|| IryAbhASaNAdAnanikSepotsargAH smityH||5|| uttamaH kSamAmArdavArjavazaucasatyasaMyamatapastyAgAkiJcanyabrahmacaryANi dhrmH||6|| anityAzaraNasaMsAraikatvAnyatvAzucitvAnavasaMvaranirjarAlokabodhidurlabhadharmasvAkhyAtattvAnucintanamanuprekSAH // 7 // mArgA'cyavananirjarArthaM parisovyAH priisshaaH||8|| kSutpipAsAzItoSNadaMzamazakanAgnyAratistrIcaryAniSadyAzayyAkrozavadhayAcanA'lAbharogatRNasparzamalasatkArapuraskAraprajJAjJAnodarzanAni // 9 // sUkSmasaMmparAyacchadmasthavItarAgayozcaturdaza // 10 // ekAdaza jine // 11 // bAdarasamparAye sarve // 12 // jJAnAvaraNe prajJAjJAne // 13 // 1. uttamakSa-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 2. -zucyAsrava-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 3. apare paThanti anuprekSA iti anuprekSitavyA ityarthaH / apare anuprekSA zabdamekavacanAntamadhIyate |-si-vR0 / 4. dekheM-vivecana, pR0 213, Ti0 1 / 5. -prajJAjJAnasamyaktvAni-hA0 / 6. -sAmparAya-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 7. dekheM-vivecana, pR0 216, Ti0 1 / 8. dekheM-vivecana, pR0 216, Ti0 2 / - 134 -

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- 135 - darzanamohAntarAyayoradarzanAlAbhau // 14 // cAritramohe naagnyaartistriinissdyaakroshyaacnaastkaarpurskaaraaH||15|| vedanIye zeSAH // 16 // ekAdayo bhAjyA yugapadaikonaviMzataH // 17 // sAmAyikacchedopasthApyeparihAravizuddhisUkSmasamparAyayathAkhyAtAni cAritram // 18 // anazanAvamaudaryavRttiparisaMkhyAnarasaparityAgaviviktazayyAsanakAyaklezA bAhyaM tapaH // 19 // prAyazcittavinayavaiyAvRttyasvAdhyAyavyutsargadhyAnAnyuttaram // 20 // navacaturdazapaJcadvibhedaM yathAkramaM prAradhyAnAt // 21 // AlocanapratikramaNatadubhayavivekavyutsargatapazchedaparihAropasthApanAni // 22 // jnyaandrshncaaritropcaaraaH||23|| AcAryopAdhyAyatapasvizakSakaglAnagaNakulasaGghasAdhusaMmanojJAnAm // 24 // vAcanApracchanAnuprekSAmnAyadharmopadezAH // 25 // bAhyAbhyantaropadhyoH // 26 // 1. -dekAnnavizate:-hA0 / -yugapadekasminnaikAvizate.-sa0 / yugapadeka sminnekonaviMzate:-rA0 zlo0 / 2. -pasthApanApari- sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 3. sUkSmasAmparAyayathAkhyAtamiti--sa0 rA0 shlo0| rAjavAtikakAra ko prathAkhyAta pATha iSTa mAlUma hotA hai kyoki unhone yayAkhyAta ko vikalpa me rakhA hai / siddhasena ko bhI prathAkhyAta pATha iSTa hai / dekheM-vivecana, pR0 218 / 4. kecit vicchinnapadameva sUtramadhIyate-si-vR0 / 5. -modarya-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 6, -dvi bhedA-sa0 zlo0 / 7. -sthApanAH-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 8. - zaikSaglA-sa0 / zaikSyaglA-rA0 zlo0 / 9. -dhumanojJAnAm-sa0 rA0 zlo0 /

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- 136 - uttamasaMhananasyaikAgracintAnirodho dhyAnam // 27 // AmuhUrtAt // 28 // ArtaraudradharmazuklAni // 29 // pare mokSahetU // 30 // ArtamamanojJAnAM samprayoge tadviprayogAya smRtisamanvAhAraH // 31 // vedanAyAzca / 32 // viparItaM manojJAnAm // 33 // nidAnaM ca // 34 // tadaviratadezaviratapramattasaMyatAnAm // 35 // hiMsA'nRtasteyaviSayasaMrakSaNebhyo raudramaviratadezaviratayoH // 36 // AjJA'pAyaviyAkasaMsthAnavicayAya dharmamapramattasaMyatasya // 37 // upazAntakSINakaSAyayozca // 38 // zukle cAdye pUrvavidaH // 39 // 1. sa0 rA0 zlo0 me dhyAnamAntamuhUrtAt hai, ataH 28vA sUtra uname ___ alaga nahIM hai / dekheM-vivecana, pR0 222, Ti0 2 / 2. -dhayaM-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 3. -nojJasya-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 4. yaha sUtra sa0 rA0 zlo0 me viparItaM manojJAnAma ke bAda hai arthAt unake matAnusAra yaha dhyAna kA dvitIya nahI, tRtIya bheda hai / 5. manojJasya * sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 6. -dharmyama-hA0 / -dharmyam-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / digambara sUtrapATha me svAmI kA vidhAna karanevAlA apramattasaMyatasya aMza nahI hai| itanA hI nahI, balki isake bAda kA upazAntakSINa sUtra bhI nahI hai| svAmI kA vidhAna sarvArthasiddhi me hai| use lakSya me rakhakara akalaMka ne zve0 paraMparAsammata sUtrapATha viSayaka svAmI ke vidhAna kA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai| usI kA anugamana vidyAnanda ne bhI kiyA hai| dekheM-vivecana, pR0 226-27 / 7. dekheM -vivecana, pR0 227, Ti0 1 / pUrvavidaH aMza bhA0 hA0 me na to isa sUtra ke aMza ke rUpa me hai aura na alaga sUtra ke rUpa meN| si0 me alaga sUtra ke rUpa me hai, lekina TIkAkAra kI dRSTi me yaha bhinna nahI hai| digambara TIkAoM meM isI sUtra ke aMza ke rUpa me hai /

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- 137 - pare kevalinaH // 40 // pRthaktvaikatvavitarkasUkSma kriyApratipAtivyuparatakriyAnivRttIni // 41 // tatryekakAyayogAyogAnAm // 42 // ekAzraye savitarke pUrve // 43 // avicAraM dvitIyam // 44 // vitarkaH zrutam // 45 // vicAro'rthavyaJjanayogasaGkrAntiH // 46 // samyagdRSTizrAvakaviratAnantaviyojakadarzanamohakSapakopazamakopazAntamohakSapakakSINamohajinAH kramazo'saMkhyeyaguNanirjarAH // 47 // pulAkabakuzakuzIlanirgranthasnAtakA nirgrnthaaH||48|| saMyamazrutapratisevanAtIrthaliGgalezyopapAtasthAnavikalpataH sAdhyAH // 49 // 1. nivartIni hA0 si0; sa0 rA0 zlo0 / sa0 kI pratyantara kA pATha nivRttIni bhI hai| ,2, -tarkavicAre pUrve -sa0 / -takavIcAre pUrve-rA0 zlo0 / 3. saMpAdaka kI bhrAnti se yaha sUtra si0 me alaga nahIM hai| rA0 aura zlo0 me avIcAraM pATha hai / 4. -pAdasthA -sa0 rA0 zlo0 /

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dazamo'dhyAyaH mohakSayAjJAnadarzanAvaraNAntarAyakSayAcca kevalam // 1 // bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAm // 2 // kRtsnakarmakSayo mokSaH // 3 // aupazamikAdibhavyatvAbhAvAccAnyatra kevlsmyktvjnyaandrshnsiddhtvebhyH||4|| tadanantaramUvaM gacchatyAlokAntAt // 5 // pUrvaprayogAdasaGgatvAbandhacchedAttathAgatipariNAmAcca tdgtiH||6|| kSetrakAlagatiliGgatIrthacAritrapratyekabuddhabodhitajJAnAvagAhanAntarasaGkhyAlpabahutvataH saadhyaaH||7|| 1. -bhyAM kRtsnakarmavipramokSo mokSaH-sa0 rA0 zlo0 / 2. isake sthAna para sa0 rA0 zlo0 meM aupazamikAdibhavyatvAnAM ca aura anyatra kevalasamyaktvajJAnadarzanasiddhatvebhyaH ye do sUtra hai| 3. tadgatiH pada sa0 rA0 zlo0 meM nahIM hai aura isa sUtra ke bAda unameM AviddhakulAlacakravadvyapagatalepAlAbuvaderaNDabIjavadagnizikhAvacca aura dharmAstikAyAbhAvAt ye do sUtra aura hai jinakA mantavya bhASya me hI A jAtA hai / Ti0 meM isake bAda dharmAstikAyAbhAvAt sUtra hai| - 138 -

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vivecana

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:1H jJAna saMsAra meM ananta prANI hai aura ve sabhI sukha ke abhilASI hai| yadyapi saba kI sukha kI kalpanA eka sI nahI hai tathApi vikAsa kI nyUnAdhikatA ke anusAra saMkSepa meM prANiyoM ke tathA unake sukha ke do varga kiye jA sakate hai / pahale varga me alpa vikAsavAle aise prANI Ate hai jinake sukha kI kalpanA bAhya sAdhanoM taka hI sImita hai| dUsare varga meM adhika vikAsavAle aise prANI Ate hai jo bAhya arthAt bhautika sAdhanoM kI prApti me sukha na mAnakara AdhyAtmika guNoM kI prApti meM sukha mAnate hai| donoM vargoM ke mAne hue sukha meM yahI antara hai ki pahalA sukha parAdhIna hai aura dUsarA svAdhIna / parAdhIna sukha ko kAma aura svAdhIna sukha ko mokSa kahate hai / kAma aura mokSa-do hI puruSArtha hai, kyoMki unake atirikta aura koI vastu prANivarga ke lie mukhya sAdhya nahIM hai / puruSArtho me artha aura dharma kI gaNanA mukhya sAdhyarUpa se nahI kintu kAma aura mokSa ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM hai| artha kAma kA aura dharma mokSa kA pradhAna sAdhana hai| prastuta zAstra kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya mokSa hai| isalie usI ke sAdhanabhUta dharma ko tIna vibhAgoM meM vibhakta karake zAstrakAra prathama sUtra meM unakA nirdeza karate hai samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaargH|1| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra-ye tInoM milakara mokSa ke sAdhana haiN| isa sUtra me mokSa ke sAdhanoM kA mAtra nAma-nirdeza hai| unake svarUpa aura bhedoM kA varNana Age vistAra se kiyA jAnevAlA hai, phira bhI yahA~ saMkSepa meM svarUpaviSayaka saMketa kiyA jA rahA hai / mokSa kA svarUpa-bandha aura bandha ke kAraNoM ke abhAva se honevAlA paripUrNa Atmika vikAsa mokSa hai arthAt jJAna aura vItarAgabhAva kI parAkASThA hI mokSa hai| - 1 -

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tattvArthasUtra [ 1. 1 sAdhanoM kA svarUpa-jisa guNa arthAt zakti ke vikAsa se tattva arthAt satya kI pratIti ho, athavA jisase heya (chor3ane yogya ) eva upAdeya ( grahaNa karane yogya ) tattva ke yathArtha viveka kI abhiruci ho vaha samyagdarzana hai| naya aura pramANa' se honevAlA jIva Adi tattvoM kA yathArtha bodha samyagjJAna hai / samyagjJAnapUrvaka kASAyika bhAva arthAt rAgadveSa aura yoga kI nivRtti se honevAlA svarUpa ramaNa samyakcAritra hai| sAdhanoM kA sAhacarya-jaba ukta tIno sAdhana paripUrNa rUpa me prApta hote hai tabhI sampUrNa mokSa sambhava hai, anyathA nahI / eka bhI sAdhana ke apUrNa rahane para paripUrNa mokSa nahIM ho sktaa| udAharaNArtha, samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna paripUrNa rUpa meM prApta ho jAne para bhI samyakcAritra kI apUrNatA ke kAraNa terahaveM guNasthAna meM pUrNa mokSa arthAt azarIrasiddhi yA videhamukti nahI hotI aura caudahaveM guNasthAna meM zailezI-avasthArUpa pUrNa cAritra ke prApta hote hI tIno sAdhano kI paripUrNatA se pUrNa mokSa ho jAtA hai / sAhacarya-niyama-ukta tInoM sAdhano me se pahale do arthAt samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna avazya sahacArI hote hai| 1. jo jJAna zabda me utArA jAtA hai arthAt jisame uddezya aura vidheya rUpa se vastu bhAsita hotI hai vaha jJAna 'naya' hai aura jisame uddezya-vidheya ke vibhAga ke binA hI arthAt avibhakta vastu kA sampUrNa yA asampUrNa yathArtha bhAna ho vaha jJAna 'pramANa' hai / vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa ke lie dekhe-adhyAya 1, sUtra 6; nyAyAvatAra, iloka 26-30 kA gujarAtI anuvAda / 2. yoga arthAt mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika kriyA / 3. hiMsAdi doSo kA tyAga aura ahiMsAdi mahAvratoM kA anuSThAna samyakacAritra kahalAtA hai kyoki usake dvArA rAgadveSa kI nivRtti kI jAtI hai evaM isase doSo kA tyAga aura mahAvrato kA pAlana svataH siddha hotA hai| 4. yadyapi terahaveM guNasthAna me vItarAgabhAvarUpa cAritra to pUrNa hI hai tathApi yahA~ vItarAgatA aura ayogatA-ina donoM ko pUrNa cAritra mAnakara hI apUrNatA kahI gaI hai| aisA pUrNa cAritra caudahave guNasthAna me prApta hotA hai aura turanta hI azarIrasiddhi hotI hai| 5. AtmA kI eka aisI avasthA jisame dhyAna kI parAkASThA ke kAraNa merusadRza niprakampatA va nizcalatA AtI hai, zailezI avasthA hai| vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa ke lie dekheMhindI dUsarA karmagrantha, pRSTha 30 / 6. eka aisA bhI pakSa hai jo darzana aura jJAna ke avazyambhAvI sAhacarya ko na mAnakara vaikalpika sAhacarya ko mAnatA hai| usake matAnusAra kabhI darzanakAla me jJAna nahI bhI

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mokSa aura usake sAdhana jaise sUrya kI uSNatA aura prakAza eka-dUsare ke binA nahI raha sakate, vaise hI. samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna eka-dUsare ke binA nahI rahate, para samyakacAritra ke. sAtha unakA sAhacarya avazyambhAvI nahIM hai, kyoMki samyakacAritra ke binA bhI kucha kAla taka samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna rahate hai| phira bhI utkrAnti (vikAsa) ke kramAnusAra samyakcAritra kA yaha niyama hai ki jaba vaha prApta hotA hai taba usake pUrvavartI samyagdarzana Adi do sAdhana avazya hote hai / prazna-yadi Atmika guNoM kA vikAsa hI mokSa hai aura samyagdarzana Adi usake sAdhana bhI AtmA ke viziSTa guNo kA vikAsa hI hai, to phira mokSa aura usake sAdhana me kyA antara huA ? uttara-kucha nhii| prazna-yadi antara nahI hai to mokSa sAdhya aura samyagdarzana Adi ratnatraya usake sAdhana--yaha sAdhya-sAdhanabhAva kaise ? kyoki sAdhya-sAdhanasambandha bhinna vastuoM me dekhA jAtA hai| uttara-sAdhaka-avasthA kI apekSA se mokSa aura ratnatraya kA sAdhya-sAdhanabhAva kahA gayA hai, siddha-avasthA kI apekSA se nahI, kyoMki sAdhaka kA sAdhya paripUrNa darzanAdi ratnatrayarUpa mokSa hotA hai aura usakI prApti ratnatraya ke kramika vikAsa se hI hoto hai / yaha zAstra sAdhaka ke lie hai, siddha ke lie nahI / ataH isameM sAdhaka ke lie upayogI sAdhya-sAdhana ke bheda kA hI kathana hai| prazna-saMsAra me to dhana-kalatra-putrAdi sAdhanoM se sukha-prApti pratyakSa dekhI jAtI hai, phira use choDakara mokSa ke parokSa sukha kA upadeza kyoM ? uttara-mokSa kA upadeza isalie hai ki usame saccA sukha milatA hai| saMsAra meM jo sukha milatA hai vaha saccA sukha nahI, sukhAbhAsa hai / prazna-mokSa meM saccA sukha aura saMsAra meM sukhAbhAsa kaise hai ? uttara-sAMsArika sukha icchA kI pUrti se hotA hai / icchA kA svabhAva hai hotA / tAtparya yaha hai ki samyaktva prApta hone para bhI deva-nAraka-tiryaJca ko tathA kucha manuSyoM ko viziSTa zrutajJAna arthAt AcArAGgAdi aGgapraviSTa-viSayaka jJAna nahIM hotaa| isa mata ke anusAra darzana ke samaya jJAna na pAne kA matalaba viziSTa zrutajJAna na pAne se hai| parantu darzana aura jJAna ko avazya sahacAro mAnanevAle pakSa kA Azaya yaha hai ki darzana-prApti ke pahale jIva me jo mati Adi ajJAna hotA hai vahIM samyagdarzana kI utpatti yA mithyAdarzana kI nivRtti se samyak rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai aura vaha mati Adi lAna kahalAtA hai| isa mata ke anusAra jo aura jitanA vizeSa bodha samyaktva-prApti-kAla me ho vahI samyagjJAna hai, viziSTa zrutamAtra nahI /

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tattvArtha sUtra [ 1. 2-3 ki eka icchA pUrI hote-na-hote dUsarI saikaDo icchAe~ utpanna ho jAtI hai / una saba icchAo kI tRpti sambhava nahI, agara ho bhI to phira taba taka hajAro icchAe~ aura paidA ho jAtI hai jinakA pUrNa honA sambhava nahIM / ataeva saMsAra meM icchApUrtijanya sukha ke palaDe se apUrNa icchAjanya dukha kA palar3A bhArI hI rahatA hai / isIlie usame sukhAbhAsa kahA gayA hai / mokSa kI sthiti aisI hai ki usameM icchAo kA hI abhAva ho jAtA hai aura svAbhAvika saMtoSa prakaTa hotA hai / isalie usame satoSajanya sukha hI sukha hai / yahI saccA sukha hai / 1 / samyagdarzana kA lakSaNa tattvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam / 2 / yathArtha rUpa se padArtho kA nizcaya karane kI ruci samyagdarzana hai / samyagdarzana kI utpatti ke hetu tannisargAdadhigamAdvA / 3 / vaha ( samyagdarzana ) nisarga arthAt pariNAma mAtra se athavA adhigama arthAt upadezAdi vAhya nimitta se utpanna hotA hai / jagat ke padArtho ko yathArtha rUpa se jAnane kI ruci sAsArika aura AdhyAsmika -- donoM prakAra kI mahattvAkAkSA se hotI hai / dhana, pratiSThA Adi sAsArika vAsanA ke kAraNa jo tattva - jijJAsA hotI hai vaha samyagdarzana nahI hai, kyoMki usakA pariNAma mokSa nahI, saMsAra hotA hai / parantu tattvanizcaya kI jo ruci mAtra Atmika tRpti ke lie, AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie hotI hai vahI samyagdarzana hai / nizcaya aura vyavahAra samyaktva - - AdhyAtmika vikAsa se utpanna jJeyamAtra ko tAttvika rUpa me jAnane kI, heya ko tyAgane kI aura upAdeya ko grahaNa karane kI ruci ke rUpa meM eka prakAra kA jo Atmika pariNAma hai vahI nizcaya samyaktva hai / usa ruci se honevAlI dharmatattvaniSThA vyavahAra samyaktva hai | samyaktva ke liGga - samyagdarzana kI pahacAna karAnevAle liga pA~ca haiprazama, saMvega, nirveda, anukampA aura Astikya / 1. tattvo ke asat pakSapAta se honevAle kadAgraha Adi doSo kA upazama prazama hai / 2. sAsArika bandhanoM kA bhaya savega hai | 3. viSayoM meM Asakti kA kama honA nirveda hai / 4. du.khI prANiyoM kA duHkha dUra karane kI icchA anukampA hai / 5. AtmA Adi parokSa kintu yuktipramANa se siddha padArtho kA svIkAra Astikya hai / hetubheda - samyagdarzana ke yogya AdhyAtmika utkrAnti hote hI samyagdarzana kA For Private Personal Use Only

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1. 4] tAttvika artho kA nAma-nirdeza AvirbhAva hotA hai / para kisI AtmA ko usake AvirbhAva meM bAhya nimitta kI apekSA rahatI hai aura kisI ko nhii| eka vyakti zikSaka Adi kI madada se zilpa Adi koI kalA sIkha letA hai aura dUsarA binA kisI kI madada ke apane-Apa sIkha letA hai| Antarika kAraNa kI samAnatA hone para bhI bAhya nimitta kI apekSA aura anapekSA ko lekara prastuta sUtra meM sabhyagdarzana ke nisarga-samyagdarzana aura adhigama-samyagdarzana ye do bheda kiye gaye hai| bAhya nimitta bhI aneka prakAra ke hote hai| koI pratimA Adi dhArmika vastu ke avalokana se samyagdarzana prApta karatA hai, koI guru kA upadeza sunakara, koI zAstra paDha-sunakara aura koI satsaMga ke dvaaraa| utpatti-krama --anAdikAlIna saMsAra-pravAha meM taraha-taraha ke du.khoM kA anubhava karate-karate yogya AtmA me kabhI apUrva pariNAmazuddhi ho jAtI hai / isa pariNAmazuddhi ko apUrvakaraNa kahate hai / apUrvakaraNa se rAgadveSa kI vaha tIvratA miTa jAtI hai jo tAttvika pakSapAta ( satya kA Agraha ) me bAdhaka hai| rAgadveSa kI tIvratA miTate hI AtmA satya ke lie jAgarUka bana jAtI hai| yaha AdhyAtmika jAgaraNa hI samyaktva hai / 2-3 / tAttvika artho kA nAma-nirdeza jIvAjIvAtravabandhasaMvaranirjarAmokSAstattvam / 4 / jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa-ye tattva haiM / bahuta-se granthoM meM puNya aura pApa ko milAkara nau tattva kahe gaye hai, parantu yahA~ puNya aura pApa dono kA Asrava yA bandhatattva me samAveza karake sAta tattva hI kahe gaye hai / antarbhAva ko isa prakAra samajhanA cAhie-puNya-pApa donoM dravya aura bhAva rUpa se do-do prakAra ke hai / zubha karmapudgala dravyapuNya aura azubha karmapudgala dravyapApa hai| isalie dravyarUpa puNya tathA pApa bandhatattva me antarbhUta hai, kyoMki Atmasambaddha karmapudgala yA AtmA aura karmapudgala kA sambandha-vizeSa hI dravya-bandha tattva hai / dravya-puNya kA kAraNa zubha adhyavasAya jo bhAvapuNya hai aura dravyapApa kA kAraNa azubha adhyavasAya jo bhAvapApa hai-donoM hI bandhatattva meM 1. utpatti-krama kI spaSTatA ke lie dekhie-hindo dUsarA karmagrantha, pR0 7 tathA cauthA karmagrantha, prastAvanA, pR0 13 / 2. bauddhadarzana me jo du.kha, samudaya, nirodha aura mArga ye cAra Aryasatya hai, sAMkhya tathA yogadarzana me jo heya, heyahetu, hAna aura hAnopAya yaha catuvyUha hai, jise nyAyadarzana meM arthapada kahA hai, unake sthAna me Asrava se lekara mokSa taka ke pA~ca tattva jainadarzana me prasiddha hai|

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tattvArthasUtra antarbhUta hai, kyoki vandha kA kAraNabhUta kApAyika adhyavasAya ( pariNAma ) ho bhAvabandha hai| prazna-Asrava se lekara mokSa taka ke pAMca tattva na to jIva-ajIva kI taraha svataMtra hai aura na anAdi-ananta / ve to yathAsambhava jIva yA ajIva kI avasthAvizeSa hI hai / ata. unhe jIva-ajIva ke sAtha tattvarUpa se kyoM ginA gayA ? uttara-vastusthiti yahI hai arthAt yahA~ tattva zabda kA artha anAdi-ananta aura svataMtra bhAva nahIM hai kintu mokSa-prApti meM upayogI honevAlA jJeya bhAva hai / prastuta zAstra kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya mokSa hone se mokSa ke jijJAsuoM ke lie jina vastuoM kA jJAna atyanta Avazyaka hai ve hI vastue~ yahA~ tattvarUpa me varNita hai| mokSa to mukhya sAdhya hI hai, isalie usako tathA usake kAraNa ko jAne binA mokSamArga meM mumukSu kI pravRtti ho hI nahIM sktii| isI taraha yadi mumukSu mokSa ke virodhI tattva kA aura usake kAraNa kA svarUpa na jAne to bhI vaha apane patha me askhalita pravRtti nahI kara sktaa| mumukSu ko sabase pahale yaha jAna lenA jarUrI hai ki agara maiM mokSa kA adhikArI hU~ lo mujhameM pAyA jAnevAlA sAmAnya svarUpa kisa-kisame hai aura kisame nahI hai| isI jJAna kI pUrti ke lie sAta tattvoM kA kathana hai| jIva-tattva ke kathana kA artha hai mokSa kA adhikArI / ajIva-tattva se yaha sUcita kiyA gayA ki jagat me eka aisA bhI tattva hai jo jaDa hone se mokSamArga ke upadeza kA adhikArI nahI hai / bandha-tattva se mokSa kA virodhI bhAva aura Asrava-tattva se usa virodhI bhAva kA kAraNa nirdiSTa kiyA gyaa| savara-tattva se mokSa kA kAraNa aura nirjarA-tattva se mokSa kA krama sUcita kiyA gayA hai / 4 / nikSepo kA nAmanirdeza nAmasthApanAdravyabhAvatastannyAsaH / 5 / nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAvarUpa se unakA arthAt samyagdarzana Adi aura jIva Adi kA nyAsa arthAt nikSepa yA vibhAga hotA hai| samasta vyavahAra yA jJAna ke lena-dena kA mukhya sAdhana bhASA hai / bhASA zabdoM se banatI hai / eka hI zabda prayojana yA prasaMga ke anusAra aneka artho me prayukta hotA hai / pratyeka zabda ke kama se kama cAra artha milate hai / ve hI cAra artha usa zabda ke artha-sAmAnya ke cAra vibhAga hai / ye vibhAga hI nikSepa yA nyAsa kahalAte haiM / inako jAna lene se vaktA kA tAtparya samajhane me saralatA hotI hai / isIlie prastuta sUtra me cAra arthanikSepa batalAye gaye hai jisase yaha pRthakkaraNa spaSTa rUpa

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1. 5 ] nikSepoM kA nAmanirdeza se ho sake ki mokSa-mArgarUpa se samyagdarzana Adi artha aura tattvarUpa se jIvAjIvAdi artha amuka prakAra kA lenA cAhie, dUsare prakAra kA nhiiN| ve cAra nikSepa ye hai : 1. jo artha vyutpatti-siddha nahIM hai, mAtra mAtA, pitA yA anya logoM ke saMketa se jAnA jAtA hai vaha nAmanikSepa hai; jaise, eka aisA vyakti jisame sevaka-yogya koI guNa nahIM hai, para kisI ne jisakA nAma sevaka rakha diyA hai| 2. jo vastu asalI vastu kI pratikRti, mUrti yA citra ho athavA jisame asalI vastu kA Aropa kiyA gayA ho vaha sthApanA-nikSepa hai; jaise, kisI sevaka kA citra yA mUrti / 3. jo artha bhAvanikSepa kA pUrvarUpa yA uttararUpa ho arthAt usakI pUrva yA uttara avasthArUpa ho vaha dravyanikSepa hai; jaise, eka aisA vyakti jo vartamAna meM sevAkArya nahI karatA, para yA to vaha sevA kara cukA hai yA Age karane vAlA hai / 4. jisa artha meM zabda kI vyutpatti yA pravRtti-nimitta ThIkaThIka ghaTita ho vaha bhAvanikSepa hai; jaise, eka aisA vyakti jo sevaka yogya kArya karatA hai| samyagdarzana Adi mokSamArga ke aura jIva-ajIvAdi tattvoM ke bhI cAra-cAra nikSepa ho sakate hai / parantu prastuta prakaraNa meM ve bhAvarUpa hI grAhya hai / 5 / 1. saMkSepa meM nAma do taraha ke hote haiM-yaugika aura rUDha / rasoiyA, sunAra ityAdi yaugika zabda haiM / gAya, ghoDA ityAdi rUDha zabda haiN| rasoI banAnevAlA rasoiyA aura suvarNa kA kAma karanevAlA sunAra / yahA~ rasoI aura suvarNa kA kAma karane kI kriyA hI rasoiyA aura sunAra zabdoM kI vyutpatti kA nimitta hai| arthAt ye zabda aisI kriyA ke Azraya se hI bane hai aura isIlie vaha kriyA aise zabdoM kI vyutpatti kA nimitta kahI jAtI hai| yadi yahI bAta saMskRta zabdoM para lAgU karanI hI to pAcaka, kumbhakAra Adi zabdo me kramaza. pAka-kriyA aura ghaTa-nirmANa kI kriyA ko vyutpattinimitta samajhanA caahie| sArAMza yaha hai ki yaugika zabdoM me vyutpatti kA nimitta hI unakI pravRti kA nimitta banatA hai| lekina rUDha zabda vyutpatti ke AdhAra para vyavahRta nahIM hote, rUDhi ke anusAra unakA artha hotA hai| gAya (go), ghor3A ( azva ) Adi zabdo kI koI khAsa vyutpatti nahIM hotI, lekina yadi koI kisI prakAra kara le to bhI anna me usakA vyavahAra to rUDhi ke anusAra hI hotA hai, vyutpatti ke anusAra nahIM / amuka-amuka prakAra kI AkRti-jAti hI gAya, ghoDA Adi rUDha zabdo ke vyavahAra kA nibhita hai| ataH usa AkRti-jAti ko vaise zabdo kA vyutpatti-nimita nahIM lekina pravRtti nimitta hI kahA jAtA hai / / jahA~ yaugika zabda (vizeSaNarUpa) ho vahA~ vyutpatti-nimittavAle artha ko bhAvanikSepa aura jahA~ rUDha zabda ( jAti-nAma) ho vahA~ pravRtti-nimittavAle artha ko bhAvanikSepa samajhanA caahie|

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tattvArthasUtra [ 1. 6-8 tattvoM ko jAnane ke upAya prmaannnyairdhigmH|6| pramANa aura nayoM se padArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai| naya aura pramAraNa kA antara-naya aura pramANa dono hI jJAna hai, parantu donoM me antara yaha hai ki naya vastu ke eka aMza kA bodha karAtA hai aura pramANa aneka aMzoM kA / vastu me aneka dharma hote hai / kisI eka dharma ke dvArA vastu kA nizcaya karanA, jaise nityatva-dharma dvArA 'AtmA yA pradIpa Adi vastu nitya hai' aisA nizcaya karanA naya hai / aneka dharmo dvArA vastu kA aneka rUpa se nizcaya karanA, jaise nityatva, anityatva Adi dharmodvArA 'AtmA yA pradIpa Adi vastu nityAnitya Adi aneka rUpa hai' aisA nizcaya karanA pramANa hai| dUsare zabdoM me, naya pramANa kA eka aMza mAtra hai aura pramANa aneka nayoM kA samUha hai, naya vastu ko eka dRSTi se grahaNa karatA hai aura pramANa aneka dRSTiyoM se / 6 / tattvoM ke vistRta jJAna ke lie kucha vicAraNAdvAro' kA nirdeza nirdeshsvaamitvsaadhnaa'dhikrnnsthitividhaantH|7| satsaMkhyAkSetrasparzanakAlA'ntarabhAvA'lpabahutvaizva / 8 / nirdeza, svAmitva, sAdhana, adhikaraNa, sthiti aura vidhAna se; tathA sat, saMkhyA, kSetra, sparzana, kAla, antara, bhAva aura alpa-bahatva se samyagdarzana Adi viSayoM kA jJAna hotA hai| koI bhI jijJAsu jaba pahale-pahala vimAna Adi kisI naI vastu ko dekhatA yA usakA nAma sunatA hai taba usakI jijJAsA-vRtti jAga uThatI hai aura isase vaha usa adRSTapUrva yA azrutapUrva vastu ke saMbaMdha me aneka prazna karane lagatA hai| vaha usa vastu ke svabhAva, rUpa-raMga, usake mAlika, banAne ke upAya, rakhane kA sthAna, usake TikAUpana kI avadhi, usake prakAra Adi ke saMbaMdha me nAnAvidha prazna karatA hai aura una praznoM kA uttara prApta karake apanI jJAnavRddhi karatA hai| isI taraha antardRSTi vyakti bhI mokSamArga ko sunakara yA heya-upAdeya 1. kisI bhI vastu me praveza karane kA matalaba hai usakI jAnakArI prApta karanA aura vicAra karanA / isakA mukhya sAdhana usake viSaya me vividha prazna karanA hI hai| prazno kA jitanA spaSTIkaraNa mile utanA hI usa vastu me praveza samajhanA cAhie / ataH prazna hI vastu meM praveza karane ke arthAt vicAraNA dvArA usakI taha taka pahu~cane ke dvAra hai| ataHvicAraNA ( mImAMsA )-dvAra kA matalaba huA prazna / zAstro me unako anuyogadvAra kahA gayA hai| anuyoga arthAt vyAkhyA yA vivaraNa, usake dvAra arthAt prazna /

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1. 6-8 ] tattvoM ko jAnane ke upAya AdhyAtmika tattva ko sunakara tatsambandhI vividha praznoM ke dvArA apanA jJAna baDhAtA hai / yahI Azaya prastuta do sUtroM meM prakaTa kiyA gayA hai / nirdeza Adi sUtrokta caudaha praznoM ko lekara samyagdarzana para saMkSepa meM vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / hai, tathApi jahA~ 1. nirdeza ( tattvaruci ) - yaha samyagdarzana kA svarUpa hai / 2 svAmitva ( adhikAritva ) - samyagdarzana kA adhikArI jIva hI hai, ajIva nahI, kyoki vaha jIva kA hI guNa yA paryAya hai / 3. sAdhana kAraNa ) - darzanamohanIya karma kA upazama, kSayopazama aura kSaya ye tIna samyagdarzana ke antaraGga kAraNa hai / bahiraGga kAraNa zAstrajJAna, jAtismaraNa, pratimAdarzana, satsaMga Adi aneka hai / 4. adhikaraNa ( AdhAra ) -- samyagdarzana kA AdhAra jIva hI hai. kyoMki vaha usa kA pariNAma hone ke kAraNa uso me rahatA hai / samyagdarzana guNa hai, isalie yadyapi usakA svAmI aura adhikaraNa alaga-alaga nahI jIva Adi dravya ke svAmI aura adhikaraNa kA vicAra karanA ho vahA~ una donoM meM bhinnatA bhI pAI jAtI hai / jaise, vyavahAradRSTi se dekhane para eka jIva kA svAmI koI dUsarA jIva hogA, para adhikaraNa usakA koI sthAna yA zarIra hI kahA jAyegA / 5. sthiti ( kAlamaryAdA ) - samyagdarzana kI jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta aura utkRSTa sthiti sAdi-ananta hai / tIno prakAra ke samyaktva amuka samaya me utpanna hote hai, isalie ve sAdi arthAt pUrvAvadhivAle hai / parantu utpanna hokara bhI aupazamika aura kSAyopazamika samyaktva kAyama nahI rahate, isalie ve do to sAnta arthAt uttara avadhivAle bhI hai / para kSAyika samyaktva utpanna hone ke bAda naSTa nahI hotA isalie vaha ananta hai / isI apekSA se sAmAnyatayA samyagdarzana ko sAdi- sAnta aura sAdi-ananta samajhanA cAhie / 6 vidhAna ( prakAra ) - samyaktva ke aupazamika, kSAyopazamika aura kSAyika aise tIna prakAra hai / 7. sat ( sattA ) - yadyapi samyaktva guNa sattArUpa se sabhI jIvo me vidyamAna hai, para usakA AvirbhAva kevala bhavya jIvoM meM hotA hai, abhavyo me 8. saMkhyA ( ginatI ) - samyaktva kI ginatI use prApta karane vAloM kI saMkhyA para nirbhara hai / Aja taka ananta jIvoM ne samyaktva -lAbha kiyA hai aura Age ananta jIva usako prApta kareMge, isa dRSTi se samyagdarzana saMkhyA me ananta hai / 9. kSetra ( lokAkAza ) -- samyagdarzana kA kSetra sampUrNa lokAkAza nahIM hai kintu usakA asaMkhyAtavA~ bhAga hai / cAhe samyagdarzanI eka jIva ko lekara yA ananta jIvoM ko lekara vicAra kiyA jAya to bhI sAmAnya rUpa se samyagdarzana kA kSetra loka kA asaMkhyAtavA~ bhAga samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki sabhI samyagdarzanavAle jIvoM kA 9 > For Private Personal Use Only

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tattvArtha sUtra [ 1. 6-8 nivAsa kSetra bhI loka kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga hI hai / phira bhI itanA antara avazya hogA ki eka samyaktvI jIva ke kSetra kI apekSA ananta jIvoM kA kSetra parimANa me baDA hogA, kyoMki loka kA asakhyAtavAM bhAga bhI taratamabhAva se asaMkhyAta prakAra kA hotA hai / 10. sparzana -- nivAsasthAnarUpa AkAza ke cAroM ora ke pradezoM ko chUnA sparzana hai / kSetra me kevala AdhArabhUta AkAza hI AtA hai / sparzana me AdhAra kSetra ke cAroM tarapha ke Adheya dvArA sparzita AkAza-pradeza bhI Ate hai / yahI kSetra aura sparzana meM antara hai / samyagdarzana kA sparzana-kSetra bhI loka kA asaMkhyAtavA~ bhAga hI hotA hai, parantu yaha bhAga usake kSetra kI apekSA kucha bar3A hotA hai, kyoMki isameM kSetrabhUta AkAzaparyanta pradeza bhI sammilita hai / 11. kAla ( samaya ) - eka jIva kI apekSA se samyagdarzana kA kAla sAdi - sAnta yA sAdiananta hotA hai, para saba jIvoM kI apekSA se anAdi-ananta samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki bhUtakAla kA koI bhI bhAga aisA nahI hai ki jaba samyaktvI bilakula na rahA ho / bhaviSyatkAla ke viSaya meM bhI yahI bAta hai arthAt anAdikAla se samyagdarzana kA AvirbhAva - krama jArI hai jo anantakAla taka calatA rahegA ! 12 antara ( virahakAla ) - eka jIva ko lekara samyagdarzana kA virahakAla jaghanya antarmuhUrta' aura utkRSTa apArdhapudgalaparAvarta - jitanA samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki eka bAra samyaktva kA vamana ( nAza ) ho jAne para punaH vaha jaldI se jaldI antarmuhUrta me prApta ho sakatA hai / aisA na huA to bhI anta meM apArdhapudgalaparAvarta ke bAda avazya hI prApta ho jAtA hai / parantu nAnA jIvoM kI apekSA se to samyagdarzana kA virahakAla bilakula nahI hotA, kyoMki nAnA jIvo me to kisI-na-kisI ko samyagdarzana hotA hI rahatA hai / 13. bhAva ( avasthAvizeSa ) - - aupazamika, kSAyopazamika aura kSAyika ina tIna avasthAoM me samyaktva pAyA jAtA hai / bhAva samyaktva ke AvaraNabhUta darzanamohanIya karma ke 10 1. AvalI se adhika aura muhUrta se nyUna kAla antarmuhUrta hai / Ava samaya adhika kAla jaghanya antarmuhUrta, muhUrta me eka samaya kama utkRSTa antarmuhUrta aura vIca kA saba kAla madhyama antarmuhUrta hai / yaha digambara paramparA hai / ( dekhe - tiloyapaNNatta, 4.288; go0 jIvakAMDa, gA0 573 - 515 / ) zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra nau samaya kA jaghanya antarmuhUrta hai| bAkI saba samAna hai / 2. jIva pudgaloM ko grahaNa karake unheM zarIra, bhASA, mana aura zvAsocchvAsa ke rUpa me pariNata karatA hai / kisI jIva ko jagat meM vidyamAna samagra pudgala - paramANuoM ko AhAraka zarIra ke sivAya zeSa saba zarIroM ke rUpa me tathA bhASA, mana aura zvAsocchvAsa ke rUpa meM pariNata karake unheM choDa dene me jitanA kAla lagatA hai use pudgalaparAvarta kahate haiM / isame kucha hI kAla kama ho to use apArthapudgalaparAvarta kahate haiM / For Private Personal Use Only

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1. 9 ] samyagjJAna ke bheda 11 uparAma, kSayopazama aura kSaya se utpanna hai / ina bhAvo se samyaktva kI zuddhi kA tAratamya jAnA jA sakatA hai / aupazamika kI apekSA kSAyopazamika aura kSAyopazamika kI apekSA kSAyika bhAva vAlA samyaktva uttarottara vizuddha, vizuddhatara hotA hai / ukta tIna bhAvoM ke sivAya do bhAva aura bhI hai - audayika tathA pAriNAmika / ina bhAvo me samyaktva nahI hotA / arthAt darzanamohanIya ko udayAvasthA me samyaktva kA AvirbhAva nahI ho sakatA / isI taraha samyaktva anAdikAla se jIvatva ke samAna anAvRta avasthA me na pAye jAne ke kAraNa pAriNAmika arthAt svAbhAvika bhI nahI hai / 14. alpabahutva ( nyUnAdhikatA ) - pUrvokta tIna prakAra ke samyaktva me aupazamika samyaktvaM sabase alpa hai, kyoMki aise samyaktva vAle jIva anya prakAra ke samyaktva vAloM se hamezA thor3e hI hote hai / aupazamika samyaktva se kSAyopazamika samyaktva asaMkhyAtaguNA aura kSAyopazamika samyaktva se kSAyika samyaktva anantaguNA hai / kSAyika samyaktva ke anantaguNA hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki yaha samyaktva samasta mukta jIvoM me hotA hai aura mukta jIva ananta haiM / 7-8 / samyagjJAna ke bheda matizrutA'vadhimanaH paryAyakevalAni jJAnam / 9 / samyagjJAna kA lakSaNa apane mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyAya aura kevala --ye pA~ca jJAna haiM / jaise sUtra meM samyagdarzana kA lakSaNa batalAyA gayA hai vaise nahI / kyoki samyagdarzana kA lakSaNa jAna lene se samyagjJAna kA Apa jJAta kiyA jA sakatA hai / jIva kabhI samyagdarzana- rahita to hotA hai, para jJAnarahita nahI / kisI-na-kisI prakAra kA jJAna jIva me avazya rahatA hai / vahI jJAna samyaktva kA AvirbhAva hote hI samyagjJAna kahalAtA hai / samyagjJAna aura asamyagjJAna me yahI antara hai ki pahalA samyaktva - sahacarita hai aura dUsarA samyaktvarahita arthAt mithyAtva - sahacarita hai / prazna - samyaktva kA aisA kyA prabhAva hai ki usake abhAva meM to jJAna kitanA hI adhika aura abhrAnta kyoM na ho, asabhyagjJAna yA mithyAjJAna kahalAtA 1. yahA~ kSAyopazamika ko aupazamika kI apekSA jo zuddha kahA gayA hai vaha pariNAma kI apekSA se nahIM, sthiti ko apekSA se hai| pariNAma kI apekSA se to aupazamika hI jyAdA zuddha hai / kyoki kSAyopazamika samyaktva me to mithyAtva kA pradezodaya ho sakatA hai kintu aupazamika samyaktva ke samaya kisI taraha ke mithyAtvamohanIya kA udaya sambhava nahIM / tathApi aupazamika kI apekSA kSAyopazamika kI sthiti bahuta laMbI hotI hai| isI apekSA se ise bizuddha bhI kaha sakate hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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12 tattvArthasUtra [ 1. 10-12 hai aura thoDA aspaSTa va bhramAtmaka jJAna bhI samyaktva ke prakaTa hote hI samyagjJAna ho jAtA hai ? uttara-yaha adhyAtma-zAstra hai| isalie samyagjJAna aura asamyagjJAna kA viveka AdhyAtmika dRSTi se kiyA jAtA hai, nyAya yA pramANazAstra kI taraha viSaya kI dRSTi se nhii| nyAyazAstra me jisa jJAna kA viSaya yathArtha ho vahI samyagjJAnapramANa aura jisakA viSaya ayathArtha ho vaha asamyagjJAna-pramANAbhAsa kahalAtA hai| parantu isa AdhyAtmika zAstra me nyAyazAstrasammata samyagjJAna-asamyagjJAna kA vaha vibhAjana mAnya hone para bhI gauNa hai / yahA~ yahI vibhAjana mukhya hai ki jisa jJAna se AdhyAtmika utkrAnti (vikAsa) ho vahI samyagjJAna hai aura jisase saMsAra-vRddhi yA AdhyAtmika patana ho vahI asamyagjJAna hai / sambhava hai ki sAmagrI kI kamI ke kAraNa samyaktvI jIva ko kabhI kisI viSaya me saMzaya bhI ho, bhrama bhI ho, evaM jJAna bhI aspaSTa ho; para satyagaveSaka aura kadAgraharahita hone ke kAraNa vaha apane se mahAn , prAmANika, vizeSadarzI vyakti ke Azraya se apanI kamI ko sudhAra lene ke lie sadaiva utsuka rahatA hai, sudhAra bhI letA hai aura apane jJAna kA upayoga vAsanApoSaNa meM na kara mukhyatayA AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM hI karatA hai / samyaktvazUnya jIva kA svabhAva isase viparIta hotA hai / sAmagrI kI pUrNatA ke kAraNa use nizcayAtmaka, adhika aura spaSTa jJAna hotA hai tathApi vaha kadAgrahI prakRti ke kAraNa ghamaMDI hokara kisI vizeSadarzI ke vicAro ko bhI tuccha samajhatA hai aura anta me apane jJAna kA upayoga Atmika pragati meM na kara sAsArika mahattvAkAkSA me hI karatA hai / 9 / pramANa-carcA tat pramANe / 10 / Adye parokSam / 11 / pratyakSamanyat / 12 / vaha arthAt pAMcoM prakAra kA jJAna do pramANarUpa hai| prathama do jJAna parokSa pramANa haiN| zeSa saba ( tIna ) jJAna pratyakSa pramANa hai| pramANa-vibhAga-mati, zruta Adi jJAna ke pA~coM prakAra pratyakSa aura parokSa ina do pramANoM meM vibhakta hai / pramANa-lakSaNa-pramANa kA sAmAnya lakSaNa pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki jo jJAna vastu ko anekarUpa se jAnatA hai vaha pramANa hai| usake vizeSa lakSaNa

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13 1. 13 ] matijJAna ke ekArthaka zabda ye hai-jo jJAna indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA hI kevala AtmA ko yogyatA se utpanna hotA hai vaha pratyakSa hai, jo jJAna indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se utpanna hotA hai vaha parokSa hai| ukta pA~ca me se pahale do arthAt matijJAna aura zrutajJAna parokSa-pramANa kahalAte hai, kyoki ye donoM indriya tathA mana kI madada se utpanna hote hai / avadhi, mana.paryAya aura kevala ye tInoM jJAna pratyakSa hai, kyoki ye indriya tathA mana kI madada ke binA kevala AtmA kI yogyatA se utpanna hote hai / / nyAyazAstra me pratyakSa aura parokSa kA lakSaNa bhinna prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| usame indriyajanya jJAna ko pratyakSa aura liGga ( hetu ) tathA zabdAdijanya jJAna ko parokSa kahA gayA hai; parantu vaha lakSaNa yahA~ svIkRta nahI hai| yahA~ to AtmamAtra sApekSa jJAna pratyakSa rUpa se aura indriya tathA mana kI apekSA rakhanevAlA jJAna parokSa rUpa se iSTa hai| mati aura zruta dono jJAna indriya aura mana kI apekSA rakhanevAle hone se parokSa samajhane cAhie aura avadhi Adi tInoM jJAna indriya tathA mana kI madada ke binA Atmika yogyatA se utpanna hone se pratyakSa / indriya tathA manojanya matijJAna ko kahI-kahI pUrvokta nyAyazAstra ke lakSaNAnusAra laukika dRSTi kI apekSA se pratyakSa kahA gayA hai|' 10-12 / matijJAna ke ekArthaka zabda matiH smRtiH saMjJA cintA'bhinibodha ityanarthAntaram / 13 / mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA, abhinibodha-ye zabda paryAyabhUta (ekArthavAcaka) hai| prazna-kisa jJAna ko mati kahate hai ? uttara-jo jJAna vartamAna-viSayaka ho use mati kahate hai| prazna-kyA smRti, saMjJA aura cintA bhI vartamAna-viSayaka hI hai ? uttr-nhiiN| pahale anubhava kI huI vastu kA smaraNa smRti hai, isalie vaha atIta-viSayaka hai / pahale anubhava kI huI aura vartamAna me anubhava kI jAne vAlI vastu kI ekatA kA tAlamela saMjJA yA pratyabhijJAna hai, isalie vaha atIta 1. pramANamImAMsA Adi tarkagrantho me sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa rUpa se indriya-manojanya avagraha Adi jJAna kA varNana hai / vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa ke lie dekhe-nyAyAvatAra, gujarAtI anuvAda kI prastAvanA me jaina pramANamImAMsA-paddhati kA vikAsakrama /

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14 tattvArtha sUtra [ 1. 14 aura vartamAna ubhaya-viSayaka hai / cintA bhAvI vastu kI vicAraNA ( cintana ) hai, isalie vaha anAgata-viSayaka hai / prazna- isa kathana se to mati, smRti, saMjJA aura cintA ye paryAyavAcI zabda nahI ho sakate, kyoki inake artha bhinna-bhinna hai ? uttara - viSaya-bheda aura kucha nimitta bheda hone para bhI mati, smRti, saMjJA aura cintA jJAna kA antaraGga kAraNa jo matijJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazama hai vahI sAmAnya rUpa se yahA~ vivakSita hai; isI abhiprAya se yahA~ mati Adi zabdoM ko paryAyavAcI kahA gayA hai / prazna- - abhinibodha zabda ke viSaya me to kucha nahI kahA gayA / vaha kisa prakAra ke jJAna kA vAcaka hai ? uttara- abhinibodha matijJAnabodhaka eka sAmAnya zabda hai / vaha mati, smRti, saMjJA aura cintA ina sabhI jJAnoM ke lie prayukta hotA hai arthAt mati-jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama se honevAle saba prakAra ke jJAnoM ke lie abhinibodha zabda sAmAnya rUpa meM vyavahRta hotA hai aura mati Adi zabda usa kSayopazamajanya khAsa-khAsa jJAnoM ke lie hai / prazna - isa taraha to abhinibodha sAmAnya zabda huA aura mati Adi usake vizeSa zabda hue, phira ye paryAyavAcI zabda kaise ? uttara - yahA~ sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI bheda-vivakSA na karake sabako paryAyavAcI zabda kahA gayA hai / 13 / matijJAna kA svarUpa tadindriyA'nindriyanimittam / 14 / prazna - matijJAna indriya aura anindriya ke nimitta se utpanna hotA hai / - yahA~ matijJAna ke indriya aura anindriya ye do kAraNa batalAye gaye hai / iname cakSu Adi indriya to prasiddha hai, para anindriya se kyA abhiprAya hai ? usara - anindriya arthAt mana / prazna- jaba cakSu Adi tathA mana ye sabhI matijJAna ke sAdhana hai taba eka ko indriya aura dUsare ko anindriya kahane kA kAraNa ? uttara - cakSu Adi bAhya sAdhana hai aura mana Abhyantara sAdhana hai / yahI bheda indriya aura anindriya saMjJAbheda kA kAraNa hai / 14 / For Private Personal Use Only

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1. 15 ] matijJAna ke bheda matijJAna ke bheda avagrahehAvAyadhAraNAH / 15 / matijJAna ke avagraha, IhA, avAya, dhAraNA--ye cAra bheda haiN| pratyeka indriyajanya aura manojanya matijJAna ke cAra-cAra bheda hai / ataeva pA~ca indriyA~ aura eka mana ina chahoM ke avagraha Adi cAra-cAra bheda ginane se matijJAna ke caubIsa bheda hote hai / unake nAma isa prakAra hai sparzana avagraha IhA avAya dhAraNA rasana ghrANa cakSu zrotra , ,, , , ,, , , ,, , , , mana pravagraha prAdi ukta cAroM bhedoM ke lakSaNa-1. nAma, jAti Adi kI vizeSa kalpanA se rahita sAmAnya mAtra kA jJAna avagraha hai| jaise, gAr3ha andhakAra me kucha chU jAne para yaha jJAna honA ki yaha kucha hai / isa jJAna meM yaha nahIM mAlUma hotA ki kisa cIja kA sparza huA hai, isalie vaha avyakta jJAna avagraha hai| 2. avagraha ke dvArA grahaNa kiye hue sAmAnya viSaya ko vizeSa rUpa se nizcita karane ke lie jo vicAraNA hotI hai vaha IhA hai| jaise, yaha rassI kA sparza hai yA sA~pa kA yaha saMzaya hone para aisI vicAraNA hotI hai ki yaha rassI kA sparza honA cAhie, kyoMki yadi sA~pa hotA to itanA sakhta AghAta hone para vaha phuphakAre binA na rhtaa| yahI vicAraNA sambhAvanA yA IhA hai / 3. IhA ke dvArA grahaNa kiye hue vizeSa kA kucha adhika avadhAna ( ekAgratApUrvaka nizcaya ) avAya hai| jaise, kucha kAla taka socane aura jA~ca karane para nizcaya ho jAnA ki yaha sA~pa kA sparza nahI, rassI kA hI hai, ise avAya kahate hai / 4. avAyarUpa nizcaya kucha kAla taka kAyama rahatA hai, phira mana ke viSayAntara me cale jAne se vaha nizcaya lupta to ho jAtA hai para aisA saMskAra chor3a jAtA hai ki Age kabhI

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tattvArthasUtra yogya nimitta milane para usa nizcita viSaya kA smaraNa ho AtA hai / isa nizcaya kI satata dhArA, tajjanya saMskAra aura saMskArajanya smaraNa-yaha saba mativyApAra dhAraNA kahalAtA hai / prazna-ukta cAroM bhedoM kA krama nirhetuka hai yA sahetuka ? uttara-sahetuka hai| sUtra se spaSTa hai ki sUtra me nirdiSTa krama se hI avagrahAdi kI utpatti hotI hai / 15 / / avagraha Adi ke bheda bahubahuvidhakSiprAnizritAsandigdhadhruvANAM setarANAm / 16 / setara ( pratipakSasahita ) bahu, bahuvidha, kSipra, anizrita, asadigdha aura dhruva rUpa meM avagraha, IhA, avAya, dhAraNArUpa matijJAna hotA hai| pA~ca indriyA~ aura mana ina cha: sAdhano se honevAle matijJAna ke avagraha, IhA Adi rUpa me jo caubIsa bheda kahe gaye hai ve kSayopazama aura viSaya kI vividhatA se bAraha-bAraha prakAra ke hote hai / jaise chaH avagraha chaH IhA chaH avAya chaH dhAraNA bahugrAhI alpagrAhI bahuvidhagrAhI ekavidhagrAhI kSipragrAhI akSipragrAhI anizritagrAhI nizritagrAhI asaMdigdhagrAhI saMdigdhagrAhI dhruvagrAhI adhruvagrAhI bahu arthAt aneka aura alpa arthAt eka / jaise, do yA do se adhika pustakoM ko jAnanevAle avagraha, IhA Adi cAro kramabhAvI matijJAna bahugrAhI avagraha, bahugrAhiNI IhA, bahugrAhI avAya aura bahugrAhiNI dhAraNA kahalAte hai aura eka

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1. 16 ] avagraha Adi ke bheda 17 pustaka ko jAnanevAle alpagrAhI avagraha, alpagrAhiNI IhA, alpanAhI avAya aura alpagrAhiNI dhAraNA kahalAte hai / bahuvidha arthAt aneka prakAra se aura ekavidha arthAt eka prakAra se / jaise AkAra-prakAra, rUpa-raMga yA moTAI Adi me vividhatA rakhanevAlI pustakoM ko jAnanevAle ukta cAroM jJAna krama se bahuvidhagrAhI avagraha, bahuvidhagrAhiNI IhA, bahuvidhagrAhI avAya tathA bahuvidhagrAhiNI dhAraNA; aura AkAra-prakAra, rUpa-raMga tathA moTAI Adi meM eka hI prakAra kI pustakoM ko jAnanevAle ve jJAna ekavidhagrAhI avagraha, ekavidhagrAhiNI IhA Adi kahalAte hai / bahu tathA alpa kA abhiprAya vyakti kI saMkhyA se hai aura bahuvidha tathA ekavidha kA abhiprAya prakAra, kisma yA jAti kI saMkhyA se hai / yahI donoM meM antara hai / zIghra jAnanevAle cAroM matijJAna kSipragrAhI avagraha Adi aura vilaMba se jAnanevAle akSipragrAhI avagraha Adi kahalAte hai / dekhA jAtA hai ki indriya, viSaya Adi saba bAhya sAmagrI tulya hone para bhI mAtra kSayopazama kI paTutA ke kAraNa eka manuSya usa viSaya kA jJAna jaldI prApta kara letA hai aura kSayopazama kI mandatA ke kAraNa dUsarA manuSya dera se prApta kara pAtA hai / anizrita' arthAt liMga-apramita ( hetu dvArA asiddha ) aura nizrita arthAt liMga-pramita vastu / jaise pUrva meM anubhUta zIta, komala aura snigdha sparzarUpa liMga se vartamAna meM jUI ke phUloM ko jAnanevAle ukta cAroM jJAna krama se nizritagrAhI (saliMgagrAhI ) avagraha Adi aura ukta liMga ke binA hI una phUloM ko jAnanevAle anizritagrAhI ( aliMgagrAhI ) avagraha Adi kahalAte hai / saMdigdha arthAt anizcita / jaise yaha candana asaMdigdha arthAt nizcita aura 1. anizrita aura nizrita zabda kA yahI artha nandIsUtra kI TIkA me bhI hai; para isake sivAya dUsarA artha bhI usa TIkA me zrI malayagiri ne batalAyA hai; jaise paradharmoM se mizrita grahaNa nizritAvagraha aura paradharmI se amizrita grahaNa anizritAvagraha hai / dekheM - pR0 183, Agamodaya samiti dvArA prakAzita / digambara grantho me 'aniHsRta' pATha hai| tadanusAra uname artha kiyA gayA hai ki sampUrNatayA AvirbhUta nahIM aise pudgalo kA grahaNa 'aniHsRtAvagraha' aura sampUrNatayA AvirbhUta pudgalo kA grahaNa 'niHsRtAvagraha' hai / dekheM - isI sUtra para rAjavArtika TIkA / 2. isake sthAna para digambara grantho me 'anukta' pATha hai / tadanusAra uname artha kiyA gayA hai ki eka ho varNa nikalane para pUrNa anuccArita zabda ko abhiprAyamAtra se jAna lenA ki Apa amuka zabda bolanevAle hai, anuktAvagraha hai / athavA, svara kA saMcAraNa karane se pahale hI vINA Adi vAditra kI dhvanimAtra se jAna lenA ki Apa amuka svara -> 2 For Private Personal Use Only

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tattvArthasUtra [ 1. 16 kA hI sparza hai, phUla kA nhii| isa prakAra se sparza ko nizcita rUpa se jAnanevAle ukta cAroM jJAna nizcitagrAhI avagraha Adi kahalAte hai / yaha candana kA sparza hogA yA phUla kA, kyoki donoM zItala hote hai - isa prakAra se vizeSa kI anupalabdhi ke samaya honevAle saMdehayukta cAro jJAna anizcitagrAhI avagraha Adi kahalAte hai| dhruva arthAt avazyambhAvI aura adhruva arthAt kadAcidbhAvI / yaha dekhA gayA hai ki indriya aura viSaya kA sambandha tathA manoyogarUpa sAmagrI samAna hone para bhI eka manuSya usa viSaya ko jAna hI letA hai aura dUsarA use kabhI jAna pAtA hai, kabhI nhii| sAmagrI hone para viSaya ko jAnanevAle ukta cAroM jJAna dhruvagrAhI avagraha Adi kahalAte hai aura sAmagrI hone para bhI kSayopazama kI mandatA ke kAraNa viSaya ko kabhI grahaNa karanevAle aura kabhI na grahaNa karanevAle ukta cAroM jJAna adhruvagrAhI avagraha Adi kahalAte hai / prazna-ukta bAraha bhedo me se kitane bheda viSaya kI vividhatA aura kitane bheda kSayopazama kI paTutA-mandatArUpa vividhatA ke AdhAra para kiye gaye hai ? uttara-bahu, alpa, bahuvidha aura alpavidha ye cAra bheda viSaya kI vividhatA para avalambita hai, zeSa ATha bheda kSayopazama kI vividhatA para / prazna-aba taka kula kitane bheda hue ? uttara-do sau aTThAsI bheda hue| prazna-kaise ? uttara-pA~ca indriyA~ aura mana ina cha: bhedo ke sAtha avagraha Adi ke cAra-cAra bhedoM kA guNA karane se caubIsa aura bahu, alpa Adi ukta bAraha prakAroM ke sAtha caubIsa kA guNA karane se do sau aTThAsI bheda hue / 16 / nikAlanevAle hai, anuktA vagraha hai| isake viparIta ukta/vagraha hai / dekhe-isI sUtra para rAjavArtika ttiikaa| zvetAmbara grantha nandIsUtra me 'asadigdha' aisA ekamAtra pATha hai / usakI TIkA me usakA artha Upara likhe anusAra hI hai (dekheM pR0 183) / parantu tattvArthabhASya kI vRtti meM anukta pATha bhI hai / usakA artha rAjavArtika ke anusAra hai| kintu vRttikAra ne likhA hai ki anukta pATha rakhane se isakA artha kevala zabda-viSayaka avagraha Adi para hI lAga hotA hai, sparza-viSayaka avagraha Adi para nhii| isa apUrNatA ke kAraNa anya AcAryoM ne 'asaMdigdha' pATha rakhA hai| dekheM-tattvArthabhASyavRtti, pR0 58, manasukha bhagubhAI, ahamadAbAda dvArA prakAzita /

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1 17 ] sAmAnya rUpa se avagraha Adi kA viSaya sAmAnya rUpa se avagraha Adi kA viSaya arthasya / 17 / avagraha, IhA, avAya, dhAraNA-ye cAroM matijJAna artha ( vastu) ko grahaNa karate haiN| artha arthAt vastu / dravya-sAmAnya aura paryAya-vizeSa ina donoM ko vastu kahate hai / isalie prazna hotA hai ki kyA indriyajanya aura manojanya avagraha, IhA Adi jJAna dravyarUpa vastu ko viSaya karate hai yA paryAyarUpa vastu ko ? ___ uttara-ukta avagraha, IhA Adi jJAna mukhyataH paryAya ko grahaNa karate hai, sampUrNa dravya ko nahIM / dravya ko ve paryAya dvArA hI jAnate hai kyoki indriya aura mana kA mukhya viSaya paryAya hI hai / paryAya dravya kA eka aMza hai / isalie avagraha, IhA Adi dvArA jaba indriyA~ aura mana apane-apane viSayabhUta paryAya ko jAnate hai taba ve usa-usa paryAyarUpa se dravya ko hI aMzata. jAnate hai; kyoMki dravya ko chor3akara paryAya nahI rahatA aura dravya bhI paryAya-rahita nahI hotA, jaise netra kA viSaya rUpa, saMsthAna (AkAra ) Adi hai jo pudgala dravya ke paryAya vizeSa hai| 'netra Amraphala Adi ko grahaNa karatA hai' isakA artha itanA hI hai ki vaha usake rUpa tathA AkAra-vizeSa ko jAnatA hai| rUpa aura AkAra-vizeSa Ama se bhinna nahI hai isalie sthUla dRSTi se yaha kahA jAtA hai ki netra se Ama dekhA gayA, parantu yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki usane sampUrNa Ama ko grahaNa nahI kiyA kyoMki Ama meM to rUpa aura saMsthAna ke atirikta sparza, rasa, gandha Adi aneka paryAya hai jinako jAnane me netra asamartha hai| isI taraha sparzana, rasana aura ghrANa indriyA~ jaba garama-garama jalebI Adi vastu ko grahaNa karatI hai taba ve kramaza. usa vastu ke uSNa sparza, madhura rasa aura sugandharUpa paryAya ko hI jAnatI hai / koI bhI indriya vastu ke sampUrNa paryAyo ko grahaNa nahI kara sakatI / kAna bhI bhASAtmaka pudgala ke dhvani-rUpa paryAya ko hI grahaNa karatA hai, anya paryAya ko nhii| mana bhI kisI viSaya ke amuka aza kA hI vicAra karatA hai / vaha eka sAtha saMpUrNa aMzo kA vicAra karane meM asamartha hai| isase yaha siddha hai ki indriyajanya aura manojanya avagraha, IhA Adi cAro jJAna paryAya ko hI mukhyatayA viSaya karate hai aura dravya ko ve paryAya dvArA hI jAnate hai| prazna-pUrva sUtra aura isa sUtra me kyA sambandha hai ? ___ uttara-yaha sUtra sAmAnya kA varNana karatA hai aura pUrva sUtra vizeSa kA arthAt isa sutra meM paryAya yA dravyarUpa vastu ko avagraha Adi jJAna kA viSaya jo

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tattvArthamUtra [ 1. 18-19 sAmAnya rUpa se batalAyA gayA hai usI ko saMkhyA, jAti Adi dvArA pRthakkaraNa karake bahu, alpa Adi vizeSa rUpa se pUrva sUtra me batalAyA gayA hai / 17 / indriyo kI jJAnotpatti-paddhatisambandhI bhinnatA ke kAraNa avagraha ke avAntara bheda vyaJjanasyA'vagrahaH / 18 / na cakSuranindriyAbhyAm / 19 / vyaJjana- - upakaraNendriya kA viSaya ke sAtha saMyoga hone para avagraha hI hotA hai / netra aura mana se vyaJjana hokara avagraha nahIM hotA / 20 jaise laMgar3e manuSya ko calane me lakaDI kA sahArA apekSita hai vaise hI AtmA kI AvRta cetanA zakti ko parAdhInatA ke kAraNa jJAna utpanna karane meM sahAre kI apekSA hai / use indriya aura mana kA bAharI sahArA cAhie / saba indriyoM aura mana kA svabhAva samAna nahI hai, isalie unake dvArA honevAlI jJAnadhArA ke AvirbhAva kA krama bhI samAna nahI hotA / yaha krama do prakAra kA hai- - mandakrama aura paTukrama / mandakrama me grAhya viSaya ke sAtha usa usa viSaya kI grAhaka upakaraNendriya kA sayoga ( vyaJjana ) hote hI jJAna kA AvirbhAva hotA hai / zurU me jJAna kI mAtrA itanI alpa hotI hai ki usase 'yaha kucha hai' aisA sAmAnya bodha bhI nahI ho pAtA, parantu jyojyo viSaya aura indriya kA sayoga puSTa hotA jAtA hai, jJAna kI mAtrA bhI baDhatI jAtI hai / ukta saMyoga ( vyaMjana ) kI puSTi ke sAtha kucha kAla meM janita jJAnamAtrA bhI itanI puSTa ho jAtI hai ki jisase 'yaha kucha hai' aisA viSaya kA sAmAnya bodha ( arthAvagraha ) hotA hai / isa arthAvagraha kA ukta vyaJjana se utpanna pUrvavartI jJAnavyApAra, jo usa vyaJjana kI puSTi ke sAtha hI kramazaH puSTa hotA jAtA hai, vyaJjanAvagraha kahalAtA hai, kyoMki usake hone meM vyaJjana apekSita hai / yaha vyaJjanAtragraha nAmaka dIrgha jJAnavyApAra uttarottara puSTa hone para bhI itanA alpa hotA hai ki usase viSaya kA sAmAnya bodha bhI nahI hotA / isalie usako avyaktatama, avyaktatara, avyakta jJAna kahate hai / jaba vaha jJAnavyApAra itanA puSTa ho jAya ki usase 'yaha kucha hai' aisA sAmAnya bodha ho sake taba vahI sAmAnya bodhakAraka jJAnAza arthAvagraha kahalAtA hai / arthAvagraha bhI vyaJjanAvagraha kA eka carama puSTa aMza hai kyoMki usame bhI viSaya aura indriya kA saMyoga apekSita hai / tathApi 1. isake spaSTIkaraNa ke lie dekheM - a0 2, sU0 17 / For Private Personal Use Only

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1.18-19 ] avagraha ke avAntara bheda 21 use vyaJjanAvagraha se alaga kahane kA aura arthAvagraha kahane kA prayojana yaha hai ki usa jJAnAza se honevAlA viSaya kA bodha jJAtA ke dhyAna me A sakatA hai / arthAvagraha ke bAda usake dvArA sAmAnya rUpa se jAne hue viSaSa kI vizeSa rUpa se jijJAsA, usakA vizeSa nirNaya, usa nirNaya kI dhArA, tajjanya saMskAra aura saMskArajanya smRti-yaha saba jJAnavyApAra IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA rUpa se tIna vibhAgoM me pahale batalAyA jA cukA hai / yaha bAta nahI bhUlanI cAhie ki isa mandakrama me jo upakaraNendriya aura viSaya ke saMyoga kI apekSA kahI gaI hai vaha vyaJjanAvagraha ke antima aMza arthAvagraha taka hI hai| isake bAda IhA, avAya Adi jJAnavyApAra meM vaha saMyoga anivArya rUpa se apekSita nahIM hai, kyoki usa jJAnavyApAra kI pravRtti vizeSa kI ora hone se usa samaya mAnasika avadhAna kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai / isI kAraNa avadhAraNayukta vyAkhyAna karake prastuta sUtra ke artha me kahA gayA hai ki 'vyaJjanasyAvagraha eva' vyaJjana kA avagraha hI hotA hai arthAt avagraha ( avyakta jJAna ) taka hI vyaJjana kI apekSA hai, IhA Adi me nahI / __ paTukrama meM upakaraNendriya aura viSaya ke saga kI apekSA nahI hai / dUra, dUratara hone para bhI yogya sannidhAna mAtra se indriya usa viSaya ko grahaNa kara letI hai aura grahaNa hote hI usa viSaya kA usa indriya dvArA zurU me hI arthAvagraharUpa sAmAnya jJAna utpanna hotA hai| isake bAda kramazaH IhA, avAya Adi jJAnavyApAra pUrvokta mandakrama kI taraha hI pravRtta hotA hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki paTukrama me indriya ke sAtha grAhya viSaya kA saMyoga hue binA hI jJAnadhArA kA AvirbhAva hotA hai jisakA prathama aMza arthAvagraha aura carama aMza smRtirUpa dhAraNA hai / isake viparIta mandakapa me indriya ke sAtha grAhya viSaya kA saMyoga hone para hI jJAnadhArA kA AvirbhAva hotA hai, jisakA prathama aMza avyaktatama, avyaktatararUpa vyaJjanAvagraha nAmaka jJAna, dUsarA aMza arthAvagraharUpa jJAna aura carama aMza smRtirUpa dhAraNA jJAna hai / dRSTAnta-mandakrama kI jJAnadhArA, jisake AvirbhAva ke lie indriya-viSayasaMyoga kI apekSA hai, ko spaSTatayA samajhane ke lie sakore kA dRSTAnta upayogI hai / jaise AvApa-bhaTTha meM se turanta nikAle hue ati rUkSa sakore me pAnI kI eka baMda DAlI jAya to sakorA use turanta hI sokha letA hai, yahA~ taka ki usakA koI nAmonizAna nahI rahatA / isI taraha Age bhI eka-eka kara DAlI gayI aneka jalabUMdoM ko vaha sakorA sokha letA hai| anta me aisA samaya AtA hai jaba ki vaha jalabUMdoM ko sokhane meM asamartha hokara unase bhIga jAtA hai aura usame DAle hue jalakaNa samUharUpa me ikaTThe hokara dikhAI dene lagate hai| sakore kI ArdratA pahale pahala jaba mAlUma hotI hai, usake pUrva bhI usame jala thA, para usane isa taraha jala ko sokha liyA thA ki jala ke bilakula tirobhUta ho jAne se

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22 tattvArthasUtra [ 1. 18-19 dRSTi me Ane jaisA nahI thA, para sakore me vaha thA avazya / jaba jala kI mAtrA bar3hI aura sakore kI sokhane kI zakti kama huI, taba ArdratA dikhAI dene lagI aura jo jala prathama sakore ke peTa me nahI samA sakA thA vahI aba usake Upara ke tala me ikaTThA hone lagA aura dikhalAI dene lgaa| isI taraha jaba kisI suSupta vyakti ko pukArA jAtA hai taba vaha zabda usake kAna me gAyaba-sA ho jAtA hai do-cAra bAra pukArane se usake kAna me jaba paudgalika zabdoM kI mAtrA kAphI mAtrA me bhara jAtI hai taba jalakaNoM se pahale pahala Ardra honevAle sakore kI taraha usa suSupta vyakti ke kAna bhI zabdo se paripUrita hokara unako sAmAnya rUpa se jAnane meM samartha hote hai ki 'yaha kyA hai| yahI sAmAnya jJAna hai jo zabda ko pahale pahala sphuTa rUpa me jAnatA hai / isake bAda vizeSa jJAna kA krama zurU hotA hai arthAt jaise kucha kAla taka jalabindu paDate rahane se rUkSa sakorA kramaza Ardra bana jAtA hai aura usameM jala dikhAI detA hai vaise hI kucha kAla taka zabdapudgaloM kA saMyoga hote rahane se suSupta vyakti ke kAna paripUrita hokara una zabdoM ko sAmAnya rUpa meM jAna pAte hai aura phira zabdoM kI vizeSatAo ko jAnate hai / yadyapi yaha krama suSupta kI taraha jAgrata vyakti para bhI pUrI taraha lAgU hotA hai para vaha itanA zIghra hotA hai ki sAdhAraNa logoM ke dhyAna me muzkila se AtA hai| isIlie sakore ke sAtha suSupta vyakti kA sAmya dikhalAyA jAtA hai|| paTukrama kI jJAnadhArA ke lie darpaNa kA dRSTAnta upayukta hai| jaise darpaNa ke sAmane kisI vastu ke Ate hI turanta usakA usame pratibiMba par3a jAtA hai aura vaha dikhAI dene lagatA hai / isake lie darpaNa ke sAtha pratibiMbita vastu kA sAkSAt saMyoga Avazyaka nahI hai, jaise kAna ke sAtha zabdoM kA sAkSAt saMyoga / kevala pratibiMbagrAhI darpaNa aura pratibiMbita honevAlI vastu kA yogya deza meM sannidhAna Avazyaka hai / aisA sannidhAna hote hI pratibiMba paDa jAtA hai aura vaha turanta hI dIkha paDatA hai| isI taraha netra ke sAmane ragavAlI vastu ke Ate hI turanta vaha sAmAnya rUpa me dikhAI dene lagatI hai / isake lie netra aura usa vastu kA saMyoga apekSita nahIM hai, jaise kAna aura zabda kA saMyoga / kevala darpaNa kI taraha netra kA aura usa vastu kA yogya sannidhAna cAhie / isIlie paTukrama meM pahale pahala arthAvagraha mAnA gayA hai / vyaJjanAvagraha kA sthAna mandakramika jJAnadhArA me hai, paTukramika jJAnadhArA meM nahIM / isalie prazna hotA hai ki vyaJjanAvagraha kisa kisa indriya se hotA hai aura kisa-kisa se nahI hotA ? isI kA uttara prastuta sUtra me diyA gayA hai / netra aura mana se vyaJjanAvagraha nahIM hotA kyoki ye dono sayoga vinA hI kramazaH kiye hue yogya sannidhAna mAtra se aura avadhAna se apane-apane grAhya viSaya ko jAnate hai /

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- 1. 18-19] avagraha ke avAntara bheda kauna nahIM jAnatA ki netra dUra, dUrataravartI vRkSa va parvata Adi ko grahaNa kara letA hai aura mana sudUravartI vastu kA bhI cintana kara letA hai| isIlie netra tathA mana aprApyakArI mAne gaye hai aura unase honevAlI jJAnadhArA ko paTukramika kahA gayA hai| karNa, jihvA, ghrANa aura sparzana ye cAra indriyA~ mandakramika jJAnadhArA kI kAraNa hai kyoMki ye cAroM indriyA~ prApyakArI ( grAhya) viSayoM ko unase saMyukta hokara hI grahaNa karatI hai / jaba taka zabda kAna meM na paDe, zakkara jIbha se na lage, puSpa kA rajakaNa nAka meM na ghuse aura jala zarIra ko na chue taba taka na to zabda hI sunAI detA hai, na zakkara kA hI svAda AtA hai, na phUla kI sugandha hI AtI hai aura na jala hI ThaNDA yA garama jAna par3atA hai| prazna- matijJAna ke kula kitane bheda hai ? uttara-matijJAna ke kula 336 bheda hai| prazna-kisa prakAra / uttara-pA~ca indriyA~ aura mana chahoM ke arthAvagraha Adi cAra-cAra ke hisAba se caubIsa bheda hue tathA unameM cAra prApyakArI indriyoM ke cAra vyaJjanAvagraha joDane se aTThAIsa hue / ina sabako bahu, alpa, bahuvidha, alpavidha Adi bAraha-bAraha bhedoM se guNA karane para 336 hote hai / bhedoM kI yaha gaNanA sthUla dRSTi se hai| vAstava meM to prakAza Adi kI sphuTatA, asphuTatA, viSayoM kI bividhatA aura kSayopazama ko vicitratA ke AdhAra para taratamabhAvavAle asaMkhya hote hai| prazna-pahale bahu, alpa Adi jo bAraha bheda kahe gaye hai ve viSayagata vizeSoM para hI lAgU hote hai, aura arthAvagraha kA viSaya to sAmAnyamAtra hai / isa taraha ve arthAvagraha meM kaise ghaTita ho sakate hai ? uttara-arthAvagraha do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai : vyAvahArika aura naizcayika / bahu, alpa Adi bAraha bheda prAyaH vyAvahArika arthAvagraha ke hI hai, naizcayika ke nhii| naizcayika arthAvagraha me jAti-guNa-kriyA se rahita sAmAnyamAtra pratibhAsita hotA hai isalie usame bahu, alpa Adi vizeSoM kA grahaNa sambhava nahI hai| prazna-vyAvahArika aura naizcayika meM kyA antara hai ? uttara-jo arthAvagraha pahale pahala sAmAnyamAtra ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha naizcayika hai aura jisa-jisa vizeSagrAhI avAyajJAna ke bAda anyAnya vizeSoM kI jijJAsA aura avAya hote rahate hai ve sAmAnya-vizeSagrAhI avAyajJAna vyAvahArika arthAvagraha hai / vahI avAyajJAna vyAvahArika arthAvagraha nahI hai jisake bAda anya vizeSoM kI jijJAsA na ho / apane bAda naye-naye vizeSoM kI jijJAsA paidA karane vAle anya sabhI avAyajJAna vyAvahArika arthAvagraha haiM /

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tatvArtha sUtra [ 1.20. prazna - arthAvagraha ke bahu, alpa Adi ukta bAraha bhedoM ke viSaya meM kahA gayA ki ve bheda vyAvahArika arthAvagraha ke hai, naizvayika ke nahIM / isa para prazna hotA hai ki yadi aisA hI mAna liyA jAya to phira ukta rIti se matijJAna ke 336 bheda kaise hoMge ? kyoMki aTThAIsa prakAra ke matijJAna ke bAraha - bAraha bhedoM ke hisAba se 336 bheda hote hai aura aTThAIsa prakAra meM to cAra vyaJjanAvagraha bhI Ate hai jo naizcayika arthAvagraha ke bhI pUrvavartI hone se atyanta avyakta hai / isalie una cAroM ke bAraha-bAraha yAnI 48 bheda alaga kara dene par3eMge ! uttara - arthAvagraha meM to vyAvahArika ko lekara ukta bAraha bheda spaSTatayA ghaTita kiye jA sakate haiM isalie vaisA uttara sthUla dRSTi se diyA gayA hai / vAstava meM naicayika arthAvagraha aura usake pUrvavartI vyaJjanAvagraha ke bhI bAraha-bAraha bheda samajhane cAhie / kArya-kAraNa kI samAnatA ke siddhAnta para vyAvahArika arthAvagraha kA kAraNa naizcayika arthAvagraha hai aura usakA kAraNa vyaJjanAvagraha hai / aba yadi vyAvahArika arthAvagraha me spaSTa rUpa se bahu, alpa Adi viSayagata vizeSoM kA pratibhAsa hotA hai to usake sAkSAt kAraNabhUta naizcayika arthAvagraha aura vyavahita kAraNa vyaJjanAvagraha meM bhI ukta vizeSoM kA pratibhAsa mAnanA par3egA, yadyapi vaha asphuTa hone se durjJeya hai / asphuTa ho yA sphuTa, yahA~ sirpha sambhAvanA kI apekSA se ukta bAraha-bAraha bheda ginane cAhie / 18-19 / zrutajJAna kA svarUpa aura usake bheda 24 zrutaM matipUrvaM yanekadvAdazabhedam / 20 / zrutajJAna matipUrvaka hotA hai / vaha do prakAra kA, aneka prakAra kA aura bAraha prakAra kA hai / tijJAna kAraNa hai aura zrutajJAna kArya kyoki matijJAna se zrutajJAna utpanna hotA hai / isIlie usako matipUrvaka kahA gayA hai| kisI bhI viSaya kA zrutajJAna prApta karane ke lie usakA matijJAna pahale Avazyaka hai / isIlie matijJAna zrutajJAna kA pAlana aura pUraNa karanevAlA kahalAtA hai / matijJAna zrutajJAna kA kAraNa to hai, para bahiraGga kAraNa hai, antaraGga kAraNa to zrutajJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama hai / kyoMki kisI viSaya kA matijJAna ho jAne para bhI yadi kSayopazama na ho to usa viSaya kA zrutajJAna nahIM ho sakatA / prazna - - matijJAna kI taraha zrutajJAna kI utpatti me bhI indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA apekSita hai, phira donoM meM antara kyA hai ? jaba taka donoM kA bheda spaSTa na jAnA jAya taba taka 'zrutajJAna matipUrvaka hotA hai' yaha kathana vizeSa artha nahIM rakhatA / matijJAna kA kAraNa matijJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazama aura zrutajJAna For Private Personal Use Only

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1. 20.] zrutajJAna kA svarUpa aura usake bheda 25 kA kAraNa zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazama hai / isa kathana se bhI donoM kA bheda samajha meM nahI AtA, kyoMki kSayopazama-bheda sAdhAraNa buddhigamya nahIM hai / uttara-- matijJAna vidyamAna vastu me pravRtta hotA hai aura zrutajJAna atIta, vidyamAna tathA bhAvI ina traikAlika viSayoM me pravRtta hotA hai| isa viSayakRta bheda ke sivAya donoM meM yaha bhI antara hai ki matijJAna meM zabdollekha nahI hotA aura zrutajJAna meM hotA hai / ataeva dono kA phalita lakSaNa yaha hai ki jo jJAna indriyajanya aura manojanya hone para bhI zabdollekha' sahita hai vaha zrutajJAna hai, aura zabdollekha rahita matijJAna hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki donoM me indriya aura mana kI apekSA samAna hone para bhI mati kI apekSA zruta kA viSaya adhika hai aura spaSTatA bhI adhika hai, kyoMki zruta meM manovyApAra kI pradhAnatA hone se vicArAMza adhika va spaSTa hotA hai aura pUrvApara krama bhI banA rahatA hai| dUsare zabdo me, indriya tathA manojanya dIrgha jJAnavyApAra kA prAthamika aparipakva aza matijJAna aura uttaravartI paripakva va spaSTa aMza zrutajJAna hai / ataH yo bhI kahA jAtA hai ki jo jJAna bhASA meM utArA jA sake vaha zrutajJAna hai aura jo bhASA me utArane lAyaka paripAka ko prApta na ho vaha matijJAna hai / zrutajJAna khIra hai to matijJAna dUdha / prazna -zruta ke do, aneka aura bAraha prakAra kaise hai ? uttara-aGgabAhya aura aGgapraviSTa ke rUpa me zrutajJAna do prakAra kA hai / iname se aGgabAhya zruta utkAlika-kAlika ke bheda se aneka prakAra kA hai| aGgapraviSTa zruta AcArAGga, sUtrakRtAGga Adi ke rUpa me bAraha prakAra kA hai| prazna-aGgabAhya aura aGgapraviSTa kA antara kisa apekSA se hai ? uttara-vaktRbheda kI apekSA se / tIrthaGkaro dvArA prakAzita jJAna ko unake parama medhAvI sAkSAt ziSya gaNadharoM ne grahaNa karake jo dvAdazAGgI rUpa me sUtrabaddha kiyA vaha aGgapraviSTa hai; aura kAladoSakRta buddhi, bala aura Ayu kI kamI ko dekhakara sarvasAdhAraNa ke hita ke lie usI dvAdazAGgI me se bhinna-bhinna viSayoM para gaNadharoM ke pazcAdvartI zuddha-buddhi AcAryo ke zAstra aGgabAhya hai, arthAt jina zAstroM ke racayitA gaNadhara hai vaha aGgapraviSTa zruta hai aura jinake racayitA anya AcArya hai vaha aGgabAhya zruta hai / prazna-bAraha aGga kauna se hai ? anekavidha aGgabAhya meM mukhyataH kauna-kauna se prAcIna grantha hai ? 1. zabdollekha kA matalaba vyavahArakAla bhe zabdazaktigrahajanyatva me hai arthAt jaise zrutajJAna kI utpatti ke samaya saMketa, smaraNa aura zratagrantha kA anusaraNa apekSita hai vaise IhA Adi matijJAna kI utpatti me apekSita nahI hai /

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tattvArthasUtra [ 1. 20. uttara-AcAra, sUtrakRta, sthAna, samavAya, vyAkhyAprajJapti ( bhagavatIsUtra ), jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, antakRddazA, anuttaraupapAtikadazA, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAka aura dRSTivAda ye bAraha aGga hai / sAmAyika, caturvizatistava, vandanaka, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna ye chaH Avazyaka tathA dazavakAlika, uttarAdhyayana, dazAzrutaskaMdha, kalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha aura RSibhASita' Adi zAstra aGgabAhya haiN| prazna-ye bheda to jJAna ko vyavasthitarUpa meM saMgRhIta karanevAle zAstroM ke hai, to kyA zAstra itane hI hai ? uttr-nhiiN| zAstra aneka the, aneka hai, aneka banate hai aura Age bhI banate hI rahege / ve sabhI zruta-jJAnAntargata hai / yahA~ kevala ve hI ginAye gaye hai jina para pradhAnatayA jainazAsana AdhRta hai| inake atirikta aura bhI aneka zAstra bane hai aura banate rahate hai| ina sabhI ko aGgabAhya meM samAviSTa kara lenA cAhie, yadi ve zuddha-buddhi aura samabhAvapUrvaka race gaye hoN|| prazna--Ajakala vividha vijJAna viSayaka tathA kAvya, nATaka Adi laukika viSayaka jo aneka zAstra race jAte hai, kyA ve bhI zruta hai ? uttara-avazya, ve bhI zruta hai / prazna-taba to zrutajJAna hone se ve bhI mokSa ke lie upayukta ho sakeMge ? uttara-mokSa me upayogI honA yA na honA kisI zAstra kA niyata svabhAva nahIM hai, para adhikArI kI yogyatA usakA AdhAra hai / agara adhikArI yogya aura mumukSu hai to laukika zAstro ko bhI mokSopayogI banA sakatA hai aura ayogya pAtra AdhyAtmika kahe jAnevAle zAstroM se bhI apane ko nIce girAtA hai / tathApi viSaya aura praNetA kI yogyatA kI dRSTi se lokottara zruta kA vizeSatva avazya hai| prazna-'zruta' jJAna hai, phira bhASAtmaka zAstro ko yA jina para ve likhe jAte hai una kAgaja Adi sAdhano ko zruta kyoM kahA jAtA hai ? ___ uttara-kevala upacAra se / vAstava me zruta to jJAna hI hai / para aise jJAna ko prakAzita karane kA sAdhana bhASA hai aura bhASA bhI aise jJAna se hI utpanna hotI hai tathA kAgaja Adi bhI usa bhASA ko lipibaddha karake vyavasthita rakhane ke sAdhana hai| isIlie bhASA yA kAgaja Adi ko upacAra se zruta kahA jAtA hai / 20 / 1. pratyeka buddha Adi RSiyo dvArA jo kathana kiyA gayA ho use RSibhASita kahate hai / jaise uttarAdhyayana kA AThavA~ kApilIya adhyayana ityaadi|

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1. 21-23. ] avadhijJAna ke prakAra aura unake svAmI 27 avadhijJAna ke prakAra aura unake svAmI dvividho'vdhiH| 21 / tatra bhavapratyayo nArakadevAnAm / 22 / yathoktanimittaH SaDvikalpaH zeSANAm / 23 / avadhijJAna do prakAra kA hai| una do meM se bhavapratyaya nAraka aura devoM ko hotA hai| yathoktanimitta-kSayopazamajanya avadhi chaH prakAra kA hai jo tiryaJca tathA manuSyoM ko hotA hai / avadhijJAna ke bhavapratyaya aura guNapratyaya ye do bheda hai / jo avadhijJAna janma lete hI prakaTa hotA hai vaha bhavapratyaya hai| jisake AvirbhAva ke lie vrata, niyama Adi anuSThAna apekSita nahI hai usa janmasiddha avadhijJAna ko bhavapratyaya kahate hai / jo avadhijJAna janmasiddha nahI hai kintu janma lene ke bAda vrata, niyama Adi guNoM ke anuSThAna se prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai vaha guNapratyaya athavA kSayopazamajanya hai| prazna-kyA bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna binA kSayopazama ke hI utpanna hotA hai ? uttara-nahIM, usake lie bhI kSayopazama apekSita hai| prazna-taba to bhavapratyaya bhI kSayopazamajanya hI huaa| phira bhavapratyaya aura guNapratyaya donoM meM kyA antara hai ? uttara-koI bhI avadhijJAna yogya zrayopazama ke binA nahI ho sktaa| avadhi-jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazama to avadhijJAnamAtra kA sAdhAraNa kAraNa hai| kSayopazama sabakA samAna kAraNa hai, phira bhI kisI avadhijJAna ko bhavapratyaya aura kisI ko kSayopazamajanya ( guNapratyaya) kSayopazama ke AvirbhAva ke nimittabheda kI apekSA se kahA gayA hai| dehadhAriyoM kI kucha jAtiyA~ aisI hai jiname janma lete hI yogya kSayopazama aura taddvArA avadhijJAna kI utpatti ho jAtI hai arthAt unhe apane jIvana meM avadhijJAna ke yogya kSayopazama ke lie tapa Adi anuSThAna nahI karanA paDatA / aise sabhI jIvoM ko nyUnAdhika rUpa meM janmasiddha avadhijJAna avazya hotA hai aura vaha jIvanaparyanta rahatA hai / isake viparIta kucha jAtiyA~ aisI bhI hai jinhe janma ke sAtha avadhijJAna prApta hone kA niyama nahI hai / inako avadhijJAna ke yogya kSayopazama ke lie tapa Adi kA anuSThAna karanA paDatA hai| aise sabhI jIvoM me avadhijJAna sambhava nahI hotA, kevala unhI me sambhava hotA hai jinhoMne usa jJAna ke yogya guNa paidA kiye hoM / isIlie kSayopazamarUpa antaraGga kAraNa samAna hone para bhI usake lie kisI jAti meM kevala janma kI aura kisI jAti me tapa Adi guNoM kI apekSA

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tattvArthasUtra [ 1. 21-23 hone se suvidhA kI dRSTi se avadhijJAna ke bhavapratyaya aura guNapratyaya ye do nAma rakhe gaye hai| dehadhArI jIvoM ke cAra varga hai-nAraka, deva, tiryaJca aura manuSya / iname se pahale do vargavAle jIvoM me bhavapratyaya arthAt janma se hI avadhijJAna hotA hai aura pichale do vargavAloM me guNapratyaya arthAt guNoM se avadhijJAna hotA hai / prazna-jaba sabhI avadhijJAnavAle dehadhArI hI hai taba aisA kyoM hai ki kisI ko to binA prayatna ke hI janma se vaha prApta ho jAtA hai aura kisI ko usake lie vizeSa prayatna karanA paDatA hai ? uttara-kArya kI vicitratA anubhavasiddha hai / saba jAnate hai ki pakSiyoM ko janma lete hI AkAza meM uDane kI zakti prApta ho jAtI hai aura manuSya AkAza me uDa nahIM sakatA jaba taka ki vaha vimAna Adi kA sahArA na le| hama yaha bhI dekhate hai ki kitane hI logoM me kAvyazakti janmasiddha hotI hai aura kitane hI logoM ko vaha binA prayatna ke prApta hI nahI hotii| tiryaJcoM aura manuSyoM ke avadhijJAna ke chaH bheda hai-AnugAmika, anAnugAmika, vardhamAna, hIyamAna, avasthita aura anavasthita / 1. jaise vastra Adi kisI vastu ko jisa sthAna para raMga lagAyA hai vahA~ se use haTA lene para bhI raMga kAyama hI rahatA hai vaise hI jo avadhijJAna apane utpattikSetra ko chor3akara dUsarI jagaha cale jAne para bhI kAyama rahatA hai use AnugAmika kahate hai / 2. jaise kisI kA jyotiSa-jJAna aisA hotA hai ki vaha prazna kA ThIka-ThIka uttara amuka sthAna me hI de sakatA hai, dUsare sthAna me nahI, vaise hI jo avadhijJAna apane utpattisthAna ko choDa dene para kAyama nahIM rahatA use anAnugAmika kahate hai| 3. jaise diyAsalAI yA araNi Adi se utpanna Aga kI cinagArI bahuta choTI hone para bhI adhikAdhika sUkhe iMdhana Adi ko pAkara kramazaH baDhatI jAtI hai vaise hI jo avadhijJAna utpattikAla me alpaviSayaka hone para bhI pariNAmazuddhi ke bar3hate jAne se kramaza. adhikAdhika viSayaka hotA jAtA hai use vardhamAna kahate hai| 4. jaise parimita dAhya vastuoM meM lagI huI Aga nayA dAhya na milane se kramaza. ghaTatI jAtI hai vaise hI jo avadhijJAna utpatti ke samaya adhika viSayaka hone para bhI pariNAma-zuddhi kama hote jAne se kramaza. alpa-alpa dipayaka hotA jAtA hai use hIyamAna kahate hai|

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29 1. 24-25.] mana.paryAya ke bhaMda aura unakA antara / 5. jaise kisI prANI ko eka janma me prApta puruSa Adi veda' yA dUsare aneka taraha ke zubha-azubha saMskAra dUsare janma me sAtha jAte hai yA Ajanma kAyama rahate hai vaise hI jo avadhijJAna janmAntara hone para bhI AtmA me kAyama rahatA hai yA kevalajJAna kI utpatti taka athavA Ajanma TikatA hai use avasthita kahate hai| 6. jalataraGga kI taraha jo avadhijJAna kabhI ghaTatA hai, kabhI bar3hatA hai, kabhI AvirbhUta hotA hai aura kabhI tirohita hotA hai use anavasthita kahate hai| yadyapi tIrthaGkara mAtra ko tathA kisI anya manuSya ko bhI avadhijJAna janma se prApta hotA hai tathApi use guNapratyaya hI samajhanA cAhie, kyoki yogya guNa na hone para avadhijJAna Ajanma nahI rahatA, jaise ki deva yA narakagati me rahatA hai / 21-23 / manaHparyAya ke bheda aura unakA antara RjuvipulamatI manaHparyAyaH / 24 / vizuddhacapratipAtAbhyAM tadvizeSaH / 25 / Rjumati aura vipulamati ye do manaHparyAyajJAna haiN| vizuddhi se aura patana ke abhAva se una donoM kA antara hai| manavAle (saMjJI) prANI kisI bhI vastu yA padArtha kA cintana mana dvArA karate hai / cintanIya vastu ke bheda ke anusAra cintana me pravRta mana bhinna-bhinna AkRtiyoM ko dhAraNa karatA rahatA hai / ve AkRtiyA~ hI mana ke paryAya hai aura una mAnasika AkRtiyoM ko sAkSAt jAnanevAlA jJAna mana paryAya hai| isa jJAna se cintanazIla mana kI AkRtiyA~ jAnI jAtI hai para cintanIya vastue~ nahI jAnI jA sktii| prazna-to phira kyA cintanIya vastuoM ko manaHparyAyajJAnavAlA jAna nahI sakatA ? uttara-jAna sakatA hai, para bAda meM anumAna ke dvArA / prazna-kisa prakAra ? uttara-jaise mAnasazAstrI kisI kA ceharA yA hAvabhAva dekhakara usa vyakti ke manobhAvoM tathA sAmarthya kA jJAna anumAna se karatA hai vaise hI manaHparyAyajJAnI manaHparyAya-jJAna se kisI ke mana kI AkRtiyoM ko pratyakSa dekhakara bAda me abhyAsavaza anumAna kara letA hai ki isa vyakti ne amuka vastu kA cintana kiyA, kyoMki isakA mana usa vastu ke cintana ke samaya avazya honevAlA amukaamuka prakAra kI AkRtiyoM se yukta hai / 1. dekheM-a0 2, sU0 6 /

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tattvArtha sUtra prazna - Rjumati aura vipulamati kA kyA artha hai ? uttara - jo viSaya ko sAmAnya rUpa se jAnatA hai vaha Rjumati mana paryAyajJAna hai aura jo vizeSa rUpa se jAnatA hai vaha vipulamati manaHparyAyajJAna hai / prazna- jaba Rjumati jJAna sAmAnyagrAhI hai taba to use 'darzana' hI kahanA cAhie, jJAna kyoM kahA jAtA hai ? uttara - - use sAmAnyagrAhI kahane kA abhiprAya itanA hI hai ki vaha vizeSoM ko to jAnatA hai para vipulamati ke jitane vizeSoM ko nahI jAnatA / Rjumati kI apekSA vipulamati mana paryAyajJAna vizuddhatara hotA hai kyoki vaha sUkSmatara aura adhika vizeSo ko sphuTalayA jAna sakatA hai / isake atirikta dono me yaha bhI antara hai ki Rjumati utpanna hone ke bAda kadAcit naSTa bhI ho jAtA hai, para vipulamati kevalajJAna kI prAptiparyanta banA hI rahatA hai / 24-25 / avadhi aura manaHparyAya meM antara 30 vizuddhikSetra svAmiviSayebhyo'vadhimanaH paryAyayoH / 26 / vizuddhi, kSetra, svAmI aura viSaya ke dvArA avadhi aura manaHparyAya meM antara hotA hai / yadyapi avadhi aura mana. paryAya donoM pAramArthika vikala ( apUrNa ) pratyakSa rUpa se samAna hai tathApi dono me kaI prakAra kA antara hai, jaise vizuddhikRta, kSetrakRta, svAmikRta aura viSayakRta / 1. manaH paryAyajJAna avadhijJAna kI apekSA apane viSaya ko bahuta vizada rUpa se jAnatA hai isalie usase vizuddhatara haiM / 2. avadhijJAna kA kSetra aMgula ke asaMkhyAtave bhAga se lekara sampUrNa loka taka hai aura manaHparyAyajJAna kA kSetra mAnuSottara parvataparyanta hI hai / 3. avadhijJAna ke svAmI cAroM gativAle ho sakate hai para mana paryAya ke svAmI kevala saMyata manuSya hI hai / 4. avadhi kA viSaya katipaya paryAyasahita rUpI dravya hai para manaHparyAya kA viSaya to kevala usakA anantavA~ bhAga hai, mAtra manodravya hai / prazna - viSaya kama hone para bhI mana paryAna jAtA hai ? 1 avadhi se vizuddhatara kaise mAnA [ 1 26. uttara -- trizuddhi kA AdhAra viSaya kI nyUnAdhikatA nahI hai, viSayagata nyUnAdhika sUkSmatAo ko jAnanA hai / jaise do vyaktiyo me se eka aneka zAstroM ko jAnatA hai aura dUsarA kevala eka zAstra, to bhI aneka zAstroM ke jJAtA kI apekSA eka zAstra ko jAnanevAlA vyakti apane viSaya ko sUkSmatAo ko adhika jAnatA ho to usakA jJAna pahale kI apekSA vizuddhatara kahalAtA hai / vaise hI viSaya 1. dekhe - -- a0 1, sU0 26 / For Private Personal Use Only

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31 1. 27-30.] pA~coM jJAno ke grAhya viSaya alpa hone para bhI usakI sUkSmatAoM ko adhika jAnane ke kAraNa manaHparyAya ko avadhi se vizuddhatara kahA gayA hai / 26 / pA~coM jJAnoM ke grAhya viSaya matizrutayonibandhaH sarvadravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu / 27 / rUpiSvavadheH / 28 // tadanantabhAge manaHparyAyasya / 29 / sarvadravyaparyAyeSu kevalasya / 30 / matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kI pravRtti (grAhyatA ) sarva-paryAyarahita arthAt parimita paryAyoM se yukta saba dravyoM meM hotI hai / ___ avadhijJAna kI pravRtti sarvaparyAyarahita kevala rUpo ( mUrta ) dravyoM meM hotI hai| manaHparyAyajJAna kI pravRtti usa rUpI dravya ke sarvaparyAyarahita anantaveM bhAga meM hotI hai| kevalajJAna kI pravRtti sabhI dravyoM meM aura sabhI paryAyoM meM hotI hai / mati aura zrutajJAna ke dvArA rUpI, arUpI sabhI dravya jAne jA sakate hai para paryAya unake kucha hI jAne jA sakate hai, saba nahI / / prazna ukta kathana se jJAta hotA hai ki mati aura zruta ke grAhya viSayo meM nyUnAdhikatA hai hI nahIM, kyA yaha sahI hai ? uttara-dravyarUpa grAhya kI apekSA se to donoM ke viSayoM meM nyUnAdhikatA nahI hai / para paryAyarUpa grAhya kI apekSA se donoM ke viSayo me nyUnAdhikatA avazya hai| grAhya paryAyo kI nyUnAdhikatA hone para bhI samAnatA itanI hI hai ki ve donoM jJAna dravyo ke parimita paryAyoM ko hI jAna sakate hai, sampUrNa paryAyoM ko nahI / matijJAna vartamAnagrAhI hone se indriyoM kI zakti aura AtmA kI yogyatA ke anusAra dravyoM ke kucha-kucha vartamAna paryAyoM ko hI grahaNa karatA hai para zrutajJAna trikAlagrAhI hone se tInoM kAloM ke paryAyoM ko thoDebahuta pramANa me grahaNa karatA hai| prazna-matijJAna cakSu Adi indriyoM se paidA hotA hai aura indriyA~ kevala mUrta dravya ko hI grahaNa kara sakatI hai| phira matijJAna ke grAhya saba dravya kisa prakAra mAne gae ? uttara-matijJAna indriyoM kI taraha mana se bhI hotA hai aura mana svAnubhUta yA zAstrazruta sabhI mUrta-amUrtadravyoM kA cintana karatA hai| isalie manojanya

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32 tattvArthasUtra [ 1. 31. matijJAna kI apekSA se matijJAna ke grAhya saba dravya mAnane meM koI virodha nahI hai| prazna-svAnubhUta yA zAstrazruta viSayoM me mana ke dvArA matijJAna bhI hogA aura zrutajJAna bhI, taba donoM me antara kyA hai ? uttara-jaba mAnasika cintana zabdollekha sahita ho taba vaha zrutajJAna hai aura jaba zabdollekha rahita ho taba matijJAna hai| parama prakarSaprApta paramAvadhi-jJAna jo aloka meM bhI lokapramANa asaMkhyAta khaNDo ko dekhane kA sAmarthya rakhatA hai, vaha bhI mAtra mUrta dravyoM kA sAkSAtkAra kara pAtA hai, amUrta dravyoM kA nhiiN| isI taraha vaha mUrta dravyoM ke bhI sampUrNa paryAyo ko nahI jAna sktaa| manaHparyAya-jJAna bhI mUrta dravyoM kA hI sAkSAtkAra karatA hai, para avadhijJAna ke barAbara nhii| avadhijJAna ke dvArA saba prakAra ke pudgaladravya grahaNa kiye jA sakate haiM, para mana paryAyajJAna ke dvArA kevala manarUpa bane hue pudgala aura ve bhI mAnuSottara kSetra ke antargata hI grahaNa kiye jA sakate hai| isI kAraNa manaHparyAyajJAna kA viSaya avadhijJAna ke viSaya kA anantavA bhAga hai / mana.paryAyajJAna kitanA hI vizuddha ho, apane grAhya dravyoM ke sampUrNa paryAyo ko nahI jAna sakatA / yadyapi manaHparyAyajJAna ke dvArA sAkSAtkAra to kevala cintanazIla mUrta mana kA hI hotA hai para bAda me honevAle anumAna se to usa mana ke dvArA cintana kiye gaye mUrta-amUrta sabhI dravya jAne jA sakate hai / mati Adi cAroM jJAna kitane hI zuddha hoM para ve cetanAzakti ke apUrNa vikasitarUpa hone se eka vastu ke bhI samagra bhAvoM ko jAnane meM asamartha hai| niyama yaha hai ki jo jJAna kisI eka vastu ke sampUrNa bhAvo ko jAna sakatA hai vaha saba vastuo ke sampUrNa bhAvoM ko bhI grahaNa kara sakatA hai / vahI jJAna pUrNajJAna kahalAtA hai, usI ko kevalajJAna kahate hai / yaha jJAna cetanAzakti ke sampUrNa vikAsa ke samaya prakaTa hotA hai / ataH isake apUrNatAjanya bheda-prabheda nahI hai / koI bhI vastu yA bhAva aisA nahI hai jo isake dvArA pratyakSa na jAnA jA sake / isIlie kevalajJAna kI pravRtti saba dravyoM aura saba paryAyo meM mAnI gaI hai / 27-30 / __ eka AtmA meM eka sAtha pAye jAnevAle jJAna ekAdIni bhAjyAni yugapadekasminnAcaturvyaH / 31 / eka AtmA meM eka sAtha eka se lekara cAra taka jJAna vikalpa seaniyata rUpa se hote haiN|

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1. 31 ] eka AtmA meM eka sAtha pAye jAnevAle jJAna 33 kisI AtmA meM eka sAtha eka, kisI meM do, kisI meM tIna aura kisI meM cAra jJAna taka sambhava hai para pAMcoM jJAna eka sAtha kisI meM nahIM hote / jaba eka jJAna hotA hai, taba kevalajJAna hI hotA hai kyoMki paripUrNa hone se koI anya apUrNa jJAna sambhava hI nahI hai / jaba do jJAna hote hai taba mati aura zruta, kyoMki pA~ca jJAnoM me se niyata sahacArI ye hI do jJAna hai| zeSa tInoM jJAna eka-dUsare ko chor3akara bhI raha sakate hai / jaba tIna jJAna hote hai taba mati, zruta aura avadhijJAna yA mati, zruta aura manaHparyAyajJAna hote hai / tIna jJAna apUrNa avasthA meM hI sambhava hai aura taba cAhe avadhijJAna ho yA manaHparyAyajJAna, mati aura zruta donoM to avazya hote hai| jaba cAra jJAna hote hai taba mati, zruta, avadhi aura mana paryAya hote hai, kyoMki ye hI cAroM jJAna apUrNa avasthAbhAvI hone se eka sAtha ho sakate hai / kevalajJAna kA anya kisI jJAna ke sAtha sAhacarya nahIM hai kyoMki vaha pUrNa avasthAbhAvI hai aura zeSa sabhI jJAna apUrNa avasthAbhAvI haiM / pUrNatA tathA apUrNatA donoM avasthAe~ Apasa meM virodhI hone se eka sAtha AtmA me nahIM hotI / do, tIna yA cAra jJAnoM ko eka sAtha zakti kI apekSA se sambhava kahA gayA hai, pravRtti kI apekSA se nahIM / prazna-ise ThIka taraha se smjhaaie| uttara-jaise mati aura zruta do jJAnavAlA yA avadhisahita tIna jJAnavAlA koI AtmA jisa samaya matijJAna ke dvArA kisI viSaya ko jAnane meM pravRtta ho, usa samaya vaha apane meM zruta kI zakti yA avadhi kI zakti hone para bhI usakA upayoga karake taddvArA usake viSayoM ko nahI jAna sakatA / isI taraha vaha zrutajJAna kI pravRtti ke samaya mati yA avadhi kI zakti ko bhI kAma meM nahI lA sakatA / yahI bAta manaHparyAya kI zakti ke viSaya me hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki eka AtmA meM eka sAtha adhika-se-adhika cAra jJAna-zaktiyA~ hoM taba bhI eka samaya meM koI eka hI zakti jAnane kA kAma karatI hai, anya zaktiyA~ niSkriya rahatI hai| ___ kevalajJAna ke samaya mati Adi cAroM jJAna nahIM hote / yaha siddhAnta sAmAnya hone para bhI usakI upapatti do taraha se kI jAtI hai| kucha AcArya kahate hai ki kevalajJAna ke samaya bhI mati Adi cAroM jJAna-zaktiyA~ rahatI hai para ve sUryaprakAza ke samaya graha-nakSatra Adi ke prakAza kI taraha kevalajJAna kI pravRtti se abhibhUta ho jAne ke kAraNa apanA-apanA jJAnarUpa kArya nahIM kara sakatI / isIlie zaktiyAM hone para bhI savalajJAma ke samaya mati Adi jJAnaparyAya nahIM hote|

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tattvArthasUtra [1. 32-33 dUsare AcAryo kA kathana hai ki mati Adi cAra jJAnazaktiyA~ AtmA meM svAbhAvika nahIM hai, kintu karma-kSayopazamarUpa hone se aupAdhika arthAt karmasApekSa hai / isalie jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA sarvathA abhAva ho jAne para-jaba ki kevalajJAna prakaTa hotA hai--aupAdhika zaktiyA~ sambhava ho nahI hai| isalie kevalajJAna ke samaya kaivalyazakti ke sivAya na to anya jJAnazaktiyA~ hI rahatI hai aura na unakA mati Adi jJAnaparyAyarUpa kArya hI rahatA hai / 31 / viparyaya jJAna kA nirdhAraNa aura viparyayatA ke hetu matizrutA'vadhayo viparyayazca / 32 / sadasatoravizeSAd yadRcchopalabdharunmattavat / 33 / mati, zruta aura avadhi ye tInoM viparyaya ( ajJAnarUpa ) bhI haiN| vAstavika aura avAstavika kA antara na jAnane se yadRcchopalabdhi (vicArazUnya upalabdhi ) ke kAraNa unmatta kI taraha jJAna bhI ajJAna hI hai| mati, zruta Adi pA~coM jJAna cetanAzakti ke paryAya hai / inakA kArya apaneapane viSaya ko prakAzita karanA hai / ataH ye saba jJAna kahalAte hai / parantu iname se pahale tInoM ko jJAna va ajJAnarUpa mAnA gayA hai / jaise matijJAna, mati-ajJAna, zrutajJAna, zruta-ajJAna, avadhijJAna, avadhi-ajJAna arthAt vibhaGgajJAna / prazna-mati, zruta aura avadhi ye tInoM paryAya jaba apane-apane viSaya kA bodha karAne ke kAraNa jJAna hai, taba unhI ko ajJAna kyoM kahA jAtA hai ? kyoMki jJAna aura ajJAna donoM zabda parasparaviruddha artha ke vAcaka hone se prakAza aura andhakAra zabda kI taraha eka hI artha meM lAgU nahIM ho sakate / uttara-ukta tInoM paryAya laukika saMketa ke anusAra to jJAna hI hai, parantu yahA~ unhe jJAna aura ajJAnarUpa zAstrIya saMketa ke anusAra hI kahA jAtA hai / AdhyAtmika zAstra kA saMketa hai ki mati, zruta aura avadhi ye tIno jJAnAtmaka paryAya mithyAdRSTi ke ajJAna hai aura samyagdRSTi ke jJAna / / prazna-yaha kaise kaha sakate hai ki kevala samyagdRSTi AtmA hI prAmANika vyavahAra calAte hai aura mithyAdRSTi nahI calAte ? yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki samyagdRSTi ko saMzaya yA bhramarUpa mithyAjJAna bilakula nahIM hotA aura mithyAdRSTi ko hI hotA hai / yaha bhI sambhava nahI ki indriya Adi sAdhana samyagdRSTi ke to pUrNa tathA nirdoSa hI ho aura mithyAdRSTi ke apUrNa tathA duSTa hoN| yaha bhI kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki vijJAna va sAhitya Adi viSayoM para apUrva prakAza DAlanevAle

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1. 34-35 ] naya ke bheda 35 aura unakA yathArtha nirNaya karanevAle sabhI samyagdRSTi hai / isalie prazna uThatA hai ki adhyAtmazAstra ke pUrvokta jJAna-ajJAna sambandhI saMketa kA AdhAra kyA hai ? uttara - adhyAtmazAstra kA AdhAra AdhyAtmika dRSTi hai, laukika dRSTi nahIM / jIva do prakAra ke hai -- mokSAbhimukha aura sasArAbhimukha / mokSAbhimukha jIva yA AtmA meM samabhAva aura Atmaviveka hotA hai, isalie ve apane sabhI jJAnoM kA upayoga samabhAva kI puSTi me karate hai, sAsArika vAsanA kI puSTi me nahI / laukika dRSTi se unakA jJAna cAhe alpa hI ho para use jJAna kahA jAtA hai / saMsArAbhimukha AtmA kA jJAna laukika dRSTi se kitanA hI vizAla aura spaSTa ho, vaha samabhAva kA popaka na hone se jitane parimANa meM sAMsArika vAsanA kA poSaka hotA hai utanA ajJAna kahalAtA hai / jaise unmatta manuSya bhI sone ko sonA aura lohe ko lohA jAnakara kabhI yathArtha jJAna prApta kara letA hai, para unmAda ke kAraNa vaha satya-asatya kA antara jAnane meM asamartha hotA hai / isalie usakA saccAjhUThA sampUrNa jJAna vicArazUnya yA ajJAna hI kahalAtA hai / vaise hI saMsArAbhimukha AtmA ko kitanA hI adhika jJAna ho, para AtmA ke viSaya meM aMdherA hone ke kAraNa usakA sampUrNa laukika jJAna AdhyAtmika dRSTi se ajJAna hI hai / sArAMza, unmatta manuSya ke adhika vibhUti bhI ho jAya aura kabhI vastu kA yathArtha bodha bhI ho jAya tathApi usakA unmAda hI baDhatA hai, vaise hI mithyAdRSTi AtmA, jisake rAga-dveSa kI tIvratA aura AtmA kA ajJAna hotA hai, vaha apanI vizAla jJAnarAzi kA bhI upayoga kevala sAMsArika vAsanA ke poSaNa meM hI karatA hai / isIlie usake jJAna ko ajJAna kahA jAtA hai / isake viparIta samyagdRSTi AtmA, jisameM rAga-dveSa kI tIvratA na ho aura AtmajJAna ho, vaha apane alpa laukika jJAna kA upayoga bhI Atmika tRpti me karatA hai / isalie usake jJAna ko jJAna kahA gayA hai / yaha AdhyAtmika dRSTi hai / 32-33 / naya ke bheda naigamasaGgrahvyavahArarjasUtrazabdA nayAH / 34 / Adyazabdau dvitribhedau / 35 / naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra aura zabda ye pA~ca naya haiM / Adya arthAt prathama naigama naya ke do aura zabda naya ke tIna bheda hai / naya ke bhedoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM koI eka nizcita paramparA nahI hai / inakI tIna paramparAe~ dekhane meM AtI hai / eka paramparA to sIdhe taura para pahale se hI sAta bhedoM ko mAnatI hai, jaise naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra, zabda,

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tattvArthasUtra [ 1. 34-35 samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta / yaha paramparA jainAgamo aura digambara granthoM kI hai / dUsarI paramparA siddhasena divAkara kI hai| ve naigama ko choDakara zeSa chaH bhedo ko mAnate hai / tIsarI paramparA prastuta sUtra aura usake bhASya kI hai| isake anusAra naya ke mUla pA~ca bheda hai aura bAda me prathama naigama naya ke (bhASya ke anusAra) dezaparikSepI aura sarvaparikSepI ye do tathA pAMcaveM zabda naya ke sAmprata, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta ye tIna bheda hai / nayoM ke nirUpaNa kA bhAva-koI bhI eka yA aneka vastuo ke viSaya me eka yA aneka vyaktiyoM ke aneka vicAra hote hai / eka hI vastu ke viSaya me bhinnabhinna vicAroM kI saMkhyA aparimita ho jAtI hai / tadviSayaka pratyeka vicAra kA bodha honA asambhava ho jAtA hai / ataeva unakA atisaMkSipta aura ativistRta pratipAdana choDakara madhyama-mArga se pratipAdana karanA hI nayo kA nirUpaNa hai / isI ko vicAroM kA vargIkaraNa kahate hai| nayavAda kA artha hai vicAro kI mImAsA / nayavAda meM mAtra vicAroM ke kAraNa unake pariNAma yA unake viSayoM kI hI carcA nahIM aatii| jo vicAra parasparaviruddha dikhAI par3ate hai para vAstava me jinakA virodha nahIM hai, una vicAro ke avirodha ke bIja kI gaveSaNA karanA hI nayavAda kA mukhya uddezya hai / ata. nayavAda kI saMkSipta vyAkhyA isa taraha ho sakatI hai-'parasparaviruddha dikhAI denevAle vicAro ke vAstavika avirodha ke bIja kI gaveSaNA karake una vicAro kA samanvaya karanevAlA zAstra / ' jaise AtmA ke vipaya meM hI parasparaviruddha mantavya milate hai| kahI 'AtmA eka hai aisA kathana hai, to kahI 'aneka hai' aisA kathana bhI milatA hai / ekatva aura anekatva parasparaviruddha dikhAI paDate hai| aisI sthiti me prazna hotA hai ki ina donoM kA yaha virodha vAstavika hai yA nahI ? yadi vAstavika nahIM to kaise ? isakA uttara nayavAda ne DhUMDha nikAlA hai aura aisA samanvaya kiyA hai ki vyaktirUpa se dekhA jAya to Atmatattva aneka hai, kintu zuddha caitanya kI dRSTi se vaha eka hI hai| isa taraha kA samanvaya karake nayavAda parasparavirodhI vAkyoM meM bhI avirodha yA ekavAkyatA siddha karatA hai| isI taraha AtmA ke viSaya meM parasparaviruddha dikhAI denevAle nityatva-anityatva, kartRtva-akartRtva Adi mato kA bhI avirodha nayavAda se hI siddha hotA hai| aise avirodha kA bIja vicAraka kI dRSTi ( tAtparya ) meM hI hai / isI dRSTi ke lie prastuta zAstra meM "apekSA' zabda hai / ataH nayavAda ko apekSAvAda bhI kahA jAtA hai| nayavAda kI dezanA aura usakI vizeSatA-jJAna-nirUpaNa me zruta' kI 1. dekheM-10 1, sU0 20 / /

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1 34-35 ] naya ke bheda carcA A cukI hai / zruta vicArAtmaka jJAna hai aura naya bhI eka taraha kA vicArAtmaka jJAna hone se zruta meM hI samA jAtA hai| isIlie prathama yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki zruta ke nirUpaNa ke bAda nayoM ko usase bhinna karake nayavAda kI dezanA alaga se kyoM kI jAtI hai ? jaina tattvajJAna kI eka vizeSatA nayavAda mAnI jAtI hai, lekina nayavAda to zruta hai aura zruta kahate hai Agama-pramANa ko / jainetara darzanoM me bhI pramANa-carcA aura usame bhI Agama-pramANa kA nirUpaNa hai hI / ala. sahaja hI dUsarA prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki jaba Agama-pramANa kI carcA anya darzano me bhI hai, taba Agama-pramANa me samAviSTa nayavAda kI svatantra dezanA karane se hI vaha jainadarzana kI apanI vizeSatA kaise mAnI jAya ? athavA zrutapramANa ke atirikta nayavAda kI svatatra dezanA karane me jainadarzana ke pravartako kA kyA uddezya thA ? zruta aura naya dono vicArAtmaka jJAna hai hii| kintu donoM me antara yaha hai ki kisI bhI viSaya ko sarvAza me sparza karanevAlA athavA sarvAza me sparza karane kA prayatna karanevAlA vicAra zruta hai aura kisI eka aMza ko sparza karanevAlA vicAra naya hai / isa taraha naya ko svatantra rUpa se pramANa nahI kahA jA sakatA, phira bhI vaha apramANa nahI hai| jaise agulI kA agrabhAga aMgulI nahIM hai, phira bhI use 'aMgulI nahI hai' yaha bhI nahI kaha sakate kyoki vaha agulI kA aza to hai hii| isI taraha naya bhI zruta-pramANa kA aMza hai| vicAra kI utpatti kA krama aura tatkRta vyavahAra ina do dRSTiyoM se naya kA nirUpaNa zruta-pramANa se bhinna karake kiyA gayA hai| kisI bhI padArtha ke vibhinna aMgo ke vicAra hI anta meM vizAlatA yA samagratA me pariNata hote hai / vicAra jisa krama se utpanna hote hai, usI krama se tattvabodha ke upAyarUpa se unakA varNana honA caahie| ise mAna lene se svAbhAvika taura se naya kA nirUpaNa zruta-pramANa se alaga karanA saMgata ho jAtA hai aura kisI eka viSaya kA samagrarUpa se kitanA bhI jJAna ho to bhI vyavahAra me usa jJAna kA upayoga eka-eka aMza ko lekara hI hotA hai| isIlie samagra vicArAtmaka zruta se aza-vicArAtmaka naya kA nirUpaNa bhinna kiyA jAtA hai| yadyapi jainetara darzanoM me Agama-pramANa kI carcA hai tathApi usI pramANa meM samAviSTa nayavAda kI jainadarzana ne jo svatantra rUpa se pratiSThA kI hai usakA apanA kAraNa hai aura vahI isakI vizeSatA ke lie paryApta hai| sAmAnyata manuSya kI jJAnavRtti adhUrI hotI hai aura asmitA ( abhiniveza) atyadhika hotA hai / jaba vaha kisI viSaya meM kucha bhI socatA hai taba vaha usako hI antima va

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38 tattvArthamutra [ 1.34-35 sampUrNa mAnane ko prerita hotA hai aura isI preraNAvaza vaha dUsare ke vicAroM ko samajhane kA dhairya kho baiThatA hai / antata vaha apane Azika jJAna meM hI sampUrNatA kA Aropa kara letA hai / isa Aropa ke kAraNa eka hI vastu ke viSaya me sacce lekina bhinna-bhinna vicAra rakhanevAlo ke bIca sAmaMjasya nahI rahatA / phalata. pUrNa aura satya jJAna kA dvAra banda ho jAtA hai / AtmA Adi kisI bhI viSaya meM apane AptapuruSa ke Azika vicAra ko hI jaba koI darzana sampUrNa mAnakara calatA hai taba vaha virodhI hone para bhI yathArtha vicAra rakhanevAle dUsare darzano ko apramANa kahakara unakI avagaNanA karatA hai / isI taraha dUsarA darzana usakI aura phira dono kisI tIsare kI avagaNanA karate hai / pariNAmata. samatA kI jagaha viSamatA aura vivAda khar3e ho jAte hai / isIlie satya aura pUrNa jJAna kA dvAra kholane aura vivAda miTAne ke lie hI nayavAda kI pratiSThA kI gaI hai / usase yaha sUcita kiyA gayA hai ki pratyeka vicAraka ko cAhie ki vaha apane vicAra ko Agama pramANa kahane ke pUrva yaha dekha le ki usakA vicAra pramANa koTi meM Ane yogya sarvAzI hai athavA nahI hai / nayavAda ke dvArA aisA nirdeza karanA hI jainadarzana kI vizeSatA hai / sAmAnya lakSaraNa -- kisI bhI viSaya kA sApekSa nirUpaNa karanevAlA vicAra na hai / saMkSepa me naya ke do bheda hai - dravyAthika aura paryAyArthika / jagat me choTI yA baDI sabhI vastue~ eka-dUsare se na to sarvathA asamAna hI hotI hai, na sarvathA samAna / iname samAnatA aura asamAnatA dono aMza rahate hai / isIlie 'vastumAtra 'sAmAnya - vizeSa (ubhayAtmaka) hai,' aisA kahA jAtA hai / manuSya kI buddhi kabhI to vastuoM ke sAmAnya aMza kI ora jhukatI hai aura kabhI vizeSa aMza kI ora / jaba vaha sAmAnya aMza ko grahaNa karatI hai taba usakA vaha vicAra dravyArthika naya kahalAtA hai aura jaba vaha vizeSa aMza ko grahaNa karatI hai taba paryAyArthika naya kahalAtA hai / sabhI sAmAnya aura vizeSa dRSTiyA~ bhI eka-sI nahI hotI, unameM bhI antara rahatA hai / yahI batalAne ke lie ina do dRSTiyo ke phira saMkSepa me bhAga kiye gaye hai / dravyArthika ke tIna aura paryAyArthika ke cAraisa taraha kula sAta bhAga banate hai aura ye hI sAta naya hai / dravyadRSTi me vizeSa paryAya ) aura paryAyadRSTi me dravya ( sAmAnya ) AtA hI nahI, aisI bAta nahIM hai / yaha dRSTivibhAga to kevala gauNa-pradhAna bhAva kI apekSA se hI hai / prazna - Upara nirUpita donoM nayoM ko sarala udAharaNoM dvArA samajhAie / uttara -- kahI bhI, kabhI bhI aura kisI bhI avasthA meM rahakara samudra kI For Private Personal Use Only

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1. 34-35 ] naya ke bheda tarapha dRSTi DAlane para jaba jala ke raMga, svAda, usakI gaharAI yA chichalApana, vistAra tathA sImA ityAdi vizeSatAoM kI ora dhyAna na jAkara kevala jala-hIjala dhyAna me AtA hai taba vaha mAtra jala kA sAmAnya vicAra kahalAtA hai aura yahI jala-viSayaka dravyArthika naya hai / lekina jaba raMga, svAda Adi vizeSatAoM kI ora dhyAna jAtA hai taba vaha vicAra jala kI vizeSatAoM kA hone se jalaviSayaka paryAyArthika naya kahA jAyegA / isI taraha anya sabhI bhautika padArtho ke viSaya me samajhanA cAhie / vibhinna sthalo me phailI huI jala jaisI eka hI taraha kI nAnA vastuoM ke viSaya meM jisa prakAra sAmAnya aura vizeSa vicAra karanA sambhava hai, vaise hI bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya isa trikAlarUpa apAra paTa para phaile hue AtmAdi kisI eka padArtha ke viSaya me bhI sAmAnya aura vizeSa vicAra sarvathA sambhava hai | kAla tathA avasthAbhedakRta citroM para dhyAna na dekara jaba kevala zuddha caitanya kI ora dhyAna jAtA hai, taba vaha usake viSaya kA dravyArthika naya kahA jAyegA / caitanya kI deza kAlAdikRta vividha dazAoM para jaba dhyAna jAyegA taba vaha caitanya viSayaka paryAyArthika naya kahA jAyegA / vizeSa bhedoM kA svarUpa - 1. jo vicAra laukika rUr3hi athavA laukika saMskAra ke anusaraNa se paidA hotA hai vaha naigamanaya hai / 39 - zrI umAsvAti dvArA nirdezita naigama naya ke do bhedoM kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai - ghaTa-paTa jaise sAmAnyabodhaka nAma se jaba ekAdha ghaTa-paTa jaisI arthavastu hI vicAra meM grahaNa kI jAtI hai taba vaha vicAra deza- parikSepI naigama kahalAtA hai aura jaba usa nAma se vivakSita honevAle artha kI sampUrNa jAti vicAra meM grahaNa kI jAtI hai taba vaha vicAra sarvaparikSepI naigama kahalAtA hai / 2. jo vicAra bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI vastuoM ko tathA aneka vyaktiyoM ko kisI bhI sAmAnya tattva ke AdhAra para eka rUpa meM saMkalita karatA hai vaha saMgrahanaya hai / 3. jo vicAra sAmAnya tattva ke AdhAra para eka rUpa me saMkalita vastuoM kA vyAvahArika prayojana ke anusAra pRthakkaraNa karatA hai vaha vyavahAranaya hai / ina tInoM nayoM kA udgama dravyArthika kI bhUmikA meM nihita hai, ataH ye tInoM na dravyArthika prakRtivAle kahalAte hai / prazna - zeSa nayoM kI vyAkhyA karane se pahale uparyukta tIna nayoM ko hI udAharaNoM dvArA acchI taraha spaSTa kIjie / For Private Personal Use Only

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40 tattvArthasUtra [ 1. 34-35 uttara naigamanaya-deza-kAla evaM loka-svabhAva sambandhI bhedoM kI vividhatA ke kAraNa lokarUr3hiyA~ tathA tajjanya saMskAra bhI aneka taraha ke hote hai, ataH unase udbhUta naigamanaya bhI aneka taraha kA hotA hai aura usake udAharaNa vividha prakAra ke mila jAte hai, vaise hI anya udAharaNa bhI banAye jA sakate hai / kisI kAma ke saMkalpa se jAnevAle se koI pUchatA hai ki 'Apa kahA~ jA rahe hai ?' taba vaha kahatA hai ki 'mai kulhAr3I yA kalama lene jA rahA huuN|' uttara denevAlA vAstava me to kulhADI ke hatthe ( beTa ) ke lie lakaDI athavA kalama ke lie kilaka lene hI jA rahA hotA hai, lekina pUchanevAlA bhI tatkSaNa usake bhAva ko samajha jAtA hai / yaha eka lokarUDhi hai / / jAta-pAta chor3akara bhikSu bane hue vyakti kA paricaya jaba koI pUrvAzrama ke brAhmaNa-varNa dvArA karAtA hai taba bhI vaha brAhmaNa zramaNa hai' yaha kathana tatkAla svIkAra kara liyA jAtA hai / isI taraha loga caitra zuklA navamI va trayodazI ko hajAroM varSa pUrva ke rAma tathA mahAvIra ke janmadina ke rUpa me mAnate hai tathA utsavAdi bhI karate hai / yaha bhI eka lokarUDhi hai / jaba kabhI kucha loga samUharUpa me lar3ane lagate hai taba dUsare loga unake kSetra ko hI lar3anevAlA mAnakara kahane lagate hai ki 'hindustAna laDa rahA hai', 'cIna lar3a rahA hai' ityAdi; aise kathana kA Azaya sunanevAle samajha jAte hai / isa prakAra lokarUr3hiyoM ke dvArA par3e saMskAroM ke kAraNa jo vicAra utpanna hote hai ve sabhI naigamanaya ke nAma se pahalI zreNI me gina liye jAte hai / saMgrahanaya-jaDa, cetanarUpa aneka vyaktiyoM meM jo sadpa eka sAmAnya tattva hai, usI para dRSTi rakhakara dUsare vizeSoM ko dhyAna meM na rakhakara sabhI vyaktiyoM ko ekarUpa mAnakara aisA vicAra karanA ki sampUrNa jagat sadrUpa hai, kyoki sattArahita koI vastu hai hI nahI, yahI saMgrahanaya hai / isI taraha vastro ke vividha prakAroM tathA vibhinna vastroM kI ora lakSya na dekara mAtra vastrarUpa sAmAnya tattva ko hI dRSTi me rakhakara vicAra karanA ki 'yahA~ kevala vastra hai', yahI saMgrahanaya hai / sAmAnya tattva ke anusAra taratamabhAva ko lekara saMgrahanaya ke ananta udAharaNa bana sakate hai / jitanA vizAla sAmAnya hogA utanA hI vizAla saMgrahanaya bhI hogA tathA jitanA choTA sAmAnya hogA utanA hI saMkSipta saMgrahanaya hogaa| sArAza, jo bhI vicAra sAmAnya tattva ke Azraya se vividha vastuo kA ekIkaraNa karake pravRtta hote hai, ve sabhI saMgrahanaya kI koTi me Ate hai /

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1. 34-35 ] naya ke bheda 41 bAda bhI karane kA paDatA hai / vyavahAranaya- vividha vastuoM ko eka rUpa meM saMkalita karane ke jaba unakA vizeSa rUpa meM bodha Avazyaka ho yA vyavahAra meM upayoga prasaMga ho taba unakA vizeSa rUpa se bheda karake pRthakkaraNa karanA 'vastra' kahane mAtra se bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke vastroM kA alaga-alaga bodha nahI hotA / jo kevala khAdI cAhatA hai vaha vastroM kA vibhAga kiye binA khAdI nahI pA sakatA, ataH khAdI kA kapar3A, mila kA kapaDA ityAdi bheda bhI karane paDate hai / isI prakAra tattvajJAna ke kSetra me sadrUpa vastu bhI jar3a aura cetana do prakAra kI hai aura cetana tattva bhI saMsArI aura mukta do prakAra kA hai, isa taraha ke pRthakkaraNa karane par3ate hai / aise pRthakkaraNonmukha sabhI vicAra vyavahAranaya kI koTi meM Ate hai | Upara ke udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki naigamanaya kA AdhAra lokarUDhi hai | lokarUDhi Aropa para Azrita hotI hai aura Aropa sAmAnya tattvAzrayI hotA hai / isa taraha yaha bAta bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki naigamanaya sAmAnyagrAhI hai / saMgrahanaya to spaSTa rUpa se ekIkaraNarUpa buddhi-vyApAra hone se sAmAnyagrAhI hai hI / vyavahAranaya meM buddhi-vyApAra pRthakkaraNonmukha hone para bhI usakI kriyA kA AvAra sAmAnya hone se vaha bhI sAmAnyagrAhI hI hai / isIlie ye tIno naya dravyArthika naya ke bheda hai / prazna- ina tInoM kA pArasparika bheda aura unakA sambandha kyA hai ? uttara -- naigamanaya kA viSaya sabase adhika vizAla hai kyoki vaha sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM kA hI lokarUDhi ke anusAra kabhI gauNarUpa se aura kabhI mukhyarUpa se avalaMbana karatA hai / kevala sAmAnyalakSI hone se sagraha kA viSaya naigama se kama hai aura vyavahAra kA viSaya to saMgraha se bhI kama haiM, kyoki vaha saMgraha dvArA saMkalita viSaya kA hI mukhya-mukhya vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para pRthakkaraNa karatA hai, ataH kevala vizeSagAmI hai / isa taraha viSaya kSetra uttarottara kama hone se ina tInoM kA pArasparika paurvAparya sambandha hai / naigamanaya sAmAnya, vizeSa aura ina dono ke sambandha kI pratIti karAtA hai / isI me se saMgraha kA udbhava hotA hai aura saMgraha kI bhitti para hI vyavahAra kA citra khIcA jAtA hai / prazna - isI prakAra zeSa cAra nayo kI vyAkhyA kIjie, unake udAharaNa dIjie tathA dUsarI jAnakArI karAie / uttara - 1. jo vicAra bhUtakAla aura bhaviSyatkAla kA dhyAna na karake kevala vartamAna ko hI grahaNa karatA hai vaha RjusUtra hai /

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tattvArthasUtra [1. 34-35 2. jo vicAra zabda-pradhAna hokara aneka zAbdika dharmo kI ora jhukakara tadanusAra artha-bheda kI kalpanA karatA hai vaha zabdanaya hai|| zrI umAsvAti dvArA sUtra me nirdezita zabdanaya ke tIna bhedoM meM se prathama bheda sAmprata hai / arthAt zabdanaya yaha sAmAnya pada sAmprata, samabhirUDha aura evaMbhUta ina tInoM bhedoM ko vyApta kara letA hai, parantu pracalita saba paramparAoM meM sAmprata nAmaka pahale bheda meM hI 'zabdanaya' yaha sAmAnya pada rUDha ho gayA hai aura sAmpratanaya pada kA sthAna zabdanaya pada ne le liyA hai| isalie yahA~ para sAmprata naya kI sAmAnya vyAkhyA na kara Age vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa karate samaya zabdanaya pada kA hI vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai / usakA jo spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai vahI bhASyakathita sAmprata naya kA spaSTIkaraNa hai| 3. jo vicAra zabda kI vyutpatti ke AdhAra para artha-bheda kI kalpanA karatA hai vaha samabhirUr3hanaya hai / 4. jo vicAra zabda se phalita honevAle artha ke ghaTane para hI vastu ko usa rUpa me mAnatA hai, anyathA nahIM, vaha evaMbhUtanaya hai / RjusUtranaya yadyapi manuSya kI kalpanA bhUta aura bhaviSya kI sarvathA upekSA karake nahI calatI tathApi manuSya kI buddhi kaI bAra tAtkAlika pariNAma kI ora jhukakara vartamAna meM hI pravRtti karane lagatI hai| aisI sthiti meM manuSya-buddhi aisA mAnane lagatI hai ki jo upasthita hai vahI satya hai, vahI kAryakArI hai aura bhUta tathA bhAvI vastu vartamAna me kAryasAdhaka na hone se zUnyavat hai / vartamAna samRddhi hI sukha kA sAdhana hone se samRddhi kahI jA sakatI hai / bhUta-samRddhi kA smaraNa yA bhAvI-samRddhi kI kalpanA vartamAna me sukha-sAdhaka na hone se samRddhi nahIM kahI jA sakatI / isI taraha putra maujUda ho aura vaha mAtA-pitA kI sevA kare, taba to putra hai / kintu jo putra atIta ho yA bhAvI ho para maujUda na ho, vaha putra hI nahI / isa taraha kevala vartamAnakAla se sambandha rakhanevAle vicAra RjusUtranaya kI koTi me Ate hai / zabdanaya-jaba vicAra kI gaharAI me utaranevAlI buddhi eka bAra bhUta aura bhaviSyat kI jar3a kATane para utArU ho jAtI hai taba vaha usase bhI Age bar3hakara kisI dUsarI jaDa ko bhI kATane ko taiyAra hone lagatI hai / vaha bhI mAtra zabda ko pakar3akara pravRtta hotI hai aura aisA vicAra karane lagatI hai ki yadi bhUta yA bhAvI se pRthak hone ke kAraNa kevala vartamAnakAla mAna liyA jAya, taba to eka hI artha me vyavahRta honevAle bhinna-bhinna liGga, kAla, sakhyA, kAraka, puruSa aura upasargayukta zabdoM ke artha bhI alaga-alaga kyoM na mAne jAyeM ? jaise tInoM kAloM

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1. 34-35 ] naya ke bheda meM koI sUtrarUpa eka vastu nahI hai, kintu vartamAna sthita vastu hI ekamAtra vastu kahalAtI hai, vaise hI bhinna-bhinna liGga, saMkhyA aura kAlAdi se yukta zabdoM dvArA kahI jAnevAlI vastue~ bhI bhinna-bhinna hI mAnI jAnI cAhie / aisA vicAra karake buddhi kAla aura liGgAdi ke bheda se artha meM bhI bheda mAnane lagatI hai / udAharaNArtha, zAstra me eka aisA vAkya milatA hai ki 'rAjagRha nAma kA nagara thA' / isa vAkya kA moTe taura para yaha artha hotA hai ki rAjagRha nAma kA nagara bhUtakAla me thA, vartamAnakAla me nahI hai; jaba ki lekhaka ke samaya me bhI rAjagRha vidyamAna hai / yadi vartamAna me hai, taba usako 'thA' kyoM isakA uttara zabdanaya detA hai ki vartamAna me vidyamAna rAjagRha se rAjagRha to bhinna hI hai aura usI kA varNana prastuta hone se 'rAjagRha thA' kahA gayA hai / yaha kAlabheda se arthabheda kA udAharaNa hai / likhA gayA ? bhUtakAla kA 43 liGgabheda se arthabheda : jaise kuA~, kuI / yahA~ pahalA zabda nara jAti kA aura dUsarA nArI jAti kA hai / ina donoM kA kalpita arthabheda bhI vyavahAra me prasiddha hai / kitane hI tAre nakSatra nAma se pukAre jAte haiM, phira bhI isa zabdanaya ke anusAra 'amuka tArA nakSatra hai' athavA 'yaha maghA nakSatra hai' aisA zabda - vyavahAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / kyoMki isa naya ke anusAra liGgabheda se arthabheda mAne jAne ke kAraNa 'tArA aura nakSatra' evaM 'maghA aura nakSatra' ina donoM zabdoM kA eka hI artha meM prayoga nahI kara sakate / saMsthAna (AkAra), prasthAna ( gamana ), upasthAna ( upasthiti ) isI prakAra ArAma, virAma ityAdi zabdoM meM eka hI dhAtu hone para bhI upasarga ke laga jAne se jo artha-bheda ho jAtA hai usI se zabdanaya kI bhUmikA banatI hai / isa taraha vividha zAbdika dharmoM ke AdhAra para jo artha-bheda kI aneka mAnyatAe~ pracalita hai, ve sabhI zabdanaya kI koTi me AtI hai / samabhirUr3hanaya -- zAbdika dharmabheda ke AdhAra para arthabheda karanevAlI buddhi hI jaba aura Age baDhakara vyutpattibheda kA Azraya lene lagatI hai aura aisA mAnane para utArU ho jAtI hai ki jahA~ aneka bhinna-bhinna zabdoM kA eka artha mAna liyA jAtA hai, vahA~ bhI vAstava me una sabhI zabdoM kA eka artha nahI ho sakatA, kintu alaga-alaga artha hai / yadi liGgabheda aura saMkhyAbheda Adi se arthabheda mAna sakate hai, taba zabdabheda bhI artha kA bhedaka kyo nahI dalIla se vaha buddhi rAjA, nRpa, anusAra alaga-alaga artha karatI mAna liyA jAtA ? isa bhUpati Adi ekArthaka zabdoM ke bhI vyutpatti ke hai aura kahatI hai ki rAjacihnoM se zobhita

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tatvArtha sUtra [ 1. 34-35 'rAjA', manuSyoM kA rakSaNa karanevAlA 'nRpa' tathA pRthvI kA pAlana - saMvardhana karanevAlA 'bhUpati' hai / isa taraha ukta tInoM nAmoM ke eka hI artha meM vyutpatti ke anusAra arthabheda mAnanevAlA vicAra samabhirUDhanaya hai / paryAya-bheda se kI jAnevAlI arthabheda kI sabhI kalpanAe~ samabhirUr3hanaya kI koTi meM AtI hai / 44 evaMbhUtanaya - vizeSa rUpa se gaharAI me jAnevAlI buddhi antima gaharAI meM pahu~cane para vicAra karatI hai ki yadi vyutpattibheda se arthabheda mAnA jA sakatA hai, taba to aisA bhI mAnanA cAhie ki jaba vyutpatti- siddha artha ghaTita hotA ho, tabhI usa zabda kA vaha artha svIkAra karanA cAhie tathA usa zabda ke dvArA usa artha kA pratipAdana karanA cAhie, anyathA nahI / isa kalpanA ke anusAra kisI samaya rAjacihnoM se zobhita hone kI yogyatA ko dhAraNa karanA, athavA manuSyarakSaNa ke uttaradAyitva ko prApta karanA mAtra hI 'rAjA' yA 'nRpa' kahalAne ke lie paryApta nahI / 'rAjA' to vAstava me tabhI kahalA sakatA hai jaba rAjadaNDa dhAraNa karatA huA usase zobhAyamAna ho rahA ho; isI taraha 'nRpa' taba kahanA cAhie jaba vaha manuSyoM kA rakSaNa kara rahA ho / sArAza, kisI vyakti ke lie rAjA yA nRpa zabda kA prayoga karanA tabhI ThIka hai jaba usame zabda kA vyutpatti- siddha artha bhI ghaTita hotA ho / isI taraha jaba koI sevA kara rahA ho, usI samaya yA utanI bAra hI use 'sevaka' nAma se pukArA jA sakatA hai / vAstava me jaba koI kriyA ho rahI ho tabhI unase sambandhita vizeSaNa yA vizeSya nAma kA vyavahAra evaMbhUtanaya kahalAtA hai / zeSa vaktavya-ukta cAro prakAra kI vicAra- koTiyoM kA antara to udAharaNoM se hI spaSTa ho sakatA hai / use alaga se likhane kI AvazyakatA nahI / hA~, itanA avazya hai ki pUrva - pUrva naya kI apekSA uttara-uttara naya sUkSma aura sUkSmatara hotA jAtA hai | ataeva uttara-uttara naya kA viSaya pUrva-pUrva naya ke viSaya para hI avalambita rahatA hai / ina cAro nayoM kA mUla paryAyArthika naya hai / yaha bAta isalie kahI gaI hai ki RjusUtra kevala vartamAna ko hI svIkAra karatA hai, bhUta aura bhaviSyat ko nahI / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki isakA viSaya sAmAnya na rahakara vizeSa rUpa se hI dhyAna me AtA hai; arthAt vAstava me RjusUtra se hI paryAyArthika naya - vizeSagAminI dRSTi- kA Arambha mAnA jAtA hai / RjusUtra ke bAda ke tIna yato uttarottara aura bhI adhika vizeSagAmI banate jAte hai / isa taraha unakA paryAyArthika honA to spaSTa hI hai / ina cAra nayoM meM bhI, jaba ki uttara naya ko pUrva naya kI apekSA sUkSma kahA jAtA hai, taba vaha pUrva naya utane aza me to uttara naya kI apekSA sAmAnyagAmI hI For Private Personal Use Only

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1. 34-35 ] naya ke bheda 45 hai / isI taraha dravyArthika naya kI bhUmikA para sthita naigamAdi tIna naya bhI pUrva kI apekSA uttarottara sUkSma hone se utane aza me to pUrva kI apekSA vizeSagAmI hai / itane para bhI pahale tIna nayo ko dravyArthika aura bAda ke cAra nayoM ko paryAyArthika kahane kA tAtparya yahI hai ki prathama tInoM meM sAmAnya tattva aura usakA vicAra adhika spaSTa hai, kyoMki ve tInoM adhika sthUla hai / bAda ke cAra naya vizeSa sUkSma hai, uname vizeSa tattva va usakA vicAra bhI jyAdA spaSTa hai / sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI isI spaSTatA athavA aspaSTatA ke kAraNa tathA unakI mukhyatAgauNatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI sAta nayoM ke dravyAthika aura paryAyArthika ye do vibhAga kiye gae hai / para vAstava me sAmAnya aura vizeSa ye dono eka hI vastu ke avibhAjya do pahalU hai, ataH ekAntarUpa me eka naya ke viSaya ko dUsare naya ke viSaya se sarvathA alaga nahI kiyA jA sakatA / nayadRSTi, vicArasaraNI yA sApekSa abhiprAya ina sabhI zabdoM kA eka hI artha hai / pUrvokta varNana se itanA avazya patA calatA hai ki kisI bhI eka viSaya ko lekara aneka vicArasaraNiyA~ ho sakatI hai | vicArasaraNiyA~ cAhe jitanI hoM, para saMkSipta karake amuka dRSTi se unake sAta hI bhAga kiye gae hai / uname bhI pahalI vicArasaraNI kI apekSA dUsarI me aura dUsarI kI apekSA tIsarI meM uttarottara adhikAdhika sUkSmatva AtA jAtA hai| evaMbhUta nAma kI antima vicArasaraNI meM sabase adhika sUkSmatva dikhAI detA hai / isIlie ukta cAra vicArasaraNiyoM ke anya prakAra se bhI do bhAga kiye gae hai -vyavahAranaya aura nizcayanaya / vyavahAra arthAt sthUlagAmI yA upacAra -pradhAna aura nizcaya arthAt sUkSmagAmI yA tattvasparzI / vAstava meM evabhUta hI nizcaya kI parAkASThA hai / pUrvokta dRSTiyoM ke atirikta aura bhI aneka eka tIsare prakAra se bhI sAta nayo ke do vibhAga kiye jAte hai - zabdanaya aura arthanaya | jisame artha kA prAdhAnya ho vaha arthanaya aura jisameM zabda kA prAdhAnya ho vaha zabdanaya / pahale cAra naya arthanaya hai aura zeSa tIna zabdanaya hai / dRSTiyA~ hai / jIvana ke do bhAga - eka satya ko pahacAnane kA aura dUsarA satya ko kevala satya kA vicAra karatA hai arthAt tattvasparzI ( jJAnanaya ) hai aura jo bhAga tattvAnubhava ko pacAne meM hI pUrNatA samajhatA hai vaha kriyAdRSTi ( kriyAnaya ) hai / pacAne kA / jo bhAga hotA hai, vaha jJAnadRSTi Upara varNita sAtoM naya tattva-vicAraka hone se jJAnanaya meM samA jAte haiM / ina nayo ke dvArA zodhita satya ko jIvana me utArane kI dRSTi hI kriyAdRSTi hai / kriyA kA artha hai jIvana ko satyamaya banAnA / 34-35 / For Private Personal Use Only

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jIva prathama adhyAya me sAta padArtho kA nAmanirdeza kiyA gayA hai| Age ke nau adhyAyoM meM kramaza. unakA vizeSa vicAra kiyA gayA hai / isa adhyAya me 'jIva' padArtha kA tattvasvarUpa usake bheda-prabheda Adi viSayoM kA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai| pA~ca bhAva, unake bheda aura udAharaNa aupazamikakSAyikau bhAvau mizrazca jIvasya svatattvamaudayikapAriNAmikau ca / 1 / dvinavASTAdazaikaviMzatitribhedA yathAkramam / 2 / samyaktvacAritre / 3 / jJAnadarzanadAnalAbhabhogopabhogavIryANi ca / 4 / jJAnAjJAnadarzanadAnAdilabdhayazcatustritripaJcabhedAH yathAkramaM samyaktvacAritrasaMyamAsaMyamAzca / 5 / gtikssaaylinggmithyaadrshnaa'jnyaanaa'sNytaa'siddhtvleshyaashctushctustryekaikaikaikssddbhedaaH|6| jIvabhavyAbhavyatvAdIni ca / 7 / aupazamika, kSAyika aura mizra (kSAyopazamika ) ye tIna tathA audayika, pAriNAmika ye do, kula pA~ca bhAva haiM / ye jIva ke svarUpa haiN| __ukta pA~ca bhAvoM ke anukrama se do, nau, aThAraha, ikkIsa aura tIna bheda haiN| samyaktva aura cAritra ye do aupazamika bhAva haiM / jJAna, darzana, dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga, vIrya, samyaktva aura cAritra ye nau kSAyika bhAva haiN| - .46 -

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47 2. 1-7] pA~ca bhAvoM ke bheda aura udAharaNa cAra jJAna, tIna ajJAna, tIna darzana, pAMca dAnAdi labdhiyA~, samyaktva, cAritra ( sarvavirati ) aura saMyamAsaMyama ( dezavirati ) ye aThAraha kSAyopazamika bhAva haiN| cAra gatiyAM, cAra kaSAya, tIna liGga (veda), eka mithyAdarzana, eka ajJAna, eka asaMyama, eka asiddhabhAva aura chaH lezyAeM ye ikkIsa audayika bhAva haiN| jIvatva, bhavyatva aura abhavyatva ye tIna tathA anya bhI pAriNAmika bhAva haiN| AtmA ke svarUpa ke sambandha me jainadarzana kA anya darzanoM ke sAtha kaisA mantavya-bheda hai yahI batalAnA prastuta sUtra kA uddezya hai / sAMkhya aura vedAnta-darzana AtmA ko kUTasthanitya mAnate hai tathA usameM koI pariNAma nahIM mAnate / ve jJAna, sukha-du.khAdi pariNAmoM ko prakRti yA avidyA ke hI mAnate hai / vaizeSika aura naiyAyika jJAna Adi ko AtmA kA guNa mAnate hai sahI, phira bhI ve AtmA ko ekAnta nitya (apariNAmI) mAnate hai / navya-mImAMsaka mata vaizeSika aura naiyAyika jaisA hI hai / bauddha-darzana ke anusAra AtmA ekAntakSaNika arthAt niranvaya' pariNAmoM kA pravAha mAtra hai / jainadarzana kA kathana hai ki jaise prAkRtika jar3a padArthoM meM na to kUTasthanityatA hai aura na ekAntakSaNikatA, kintu pariNAminityatA hai, vaise hI AtmA bhI pariNAminitya hai| ataeva jJAna, sukha, dukha Adi paryAya AtmA ke hI hai| AtmA ke sabhI paryAya eka hI avasthA ke nahI hote; kucha paryAya kisI eka avasthA ke hote hai to dUsare kucha paryAya kisI dUsarI avasthA ke / paryAyoM kI ve bhinna-bhinna avasthAeM hI bhAva kahalAtI hai| AtmA ke paryAya adhika se-adhika pA~ca bhAvavAle ho sakate hai / ve pA~ca bhAva ye hai-1. aupazamika, 2. kSAyika, 3. kSAyopazamika, 4. audayika aura 5. paarinnaamik| 1. vibhinna kSaNoM me sukha-duHkha athavA thoDe-bahuta bhinna viSayaka jJAnAdi pariNAmoM kA jo anubhava hotA hai, unhI pariNAmo ko mAnanA aura unake bIca matrarUpa me kisI bhI akhaNDa sthira tattva ko svIkAra na karanA hI niranvaya pariNAmo kA pravAha hai| 2. hathauDe kI cAhe jitanI coTe lage, taba bhI nihAI jaise sthira hI rahatI hai, vaise hI deza-kAlAdi sambandhI vividha parivartano ke hone para bhI jisame kicinmAtra bhI parivartana nahI hotA vahI kaTasthanityatA hai| 3. tIno kAlo me mUla vastu ke kAyama rahane para bhI deza-kAlAdi ke nimitta se jo parivartana hotA rahatA hai vaha pariNAminityatA hai /

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48 tattvArthasUtra [2. 1-7 mAvoM kA svarUpa-1. aupazamika bhAva upazama se utpanna hotA hai| upazama eka prakAra kI Atma-zuddhi hai jo sattAgata karma kA udaya bilakula ruka jAne para hotI hai, jaise maila tala me baiTha jAne para jala svaccha ho jAtA hai| 2. kSAyika bhAva kSaya se utpanna hotA hai / kSaya AtmA kI vaha paramavizuddhi hai jo karma kA sambandha bilakula chUTa jAne para prakaTa hotI hai, jaise sarvathA maila ke nikala jAne para jala nitAnta svaccha ho jAtA hai| 3. kSAyopazamika bhAva kSaya aura upazama se utpanna hotA hai / kSayopazama eka prakAra kI Atmikazuddhi hai, jo karma ke eka aza kA udaya sarvathA ruka jAne para aura dUsare aMza kA pradezodaya' dvArA kSaya hote rahane para prakaTa hotI hai / yaha vizuddhi mizrita hai, jaise kodoM ko dhone se usakI mAdaka zakti kucha kSINa ho jAtI hai aura kucha raha jAtI hai| 4. audayika bhAva udaya se paidA hotA hai / udaya eka prakAra kA Atmika kAluSya ( mAlinya ) hai, jo karma ke vipAkAnubhava se hotA hai, jaise maila ke mila jAne para jala malina ho jAtA hai| 5. pArimANika bhAva dravya kA pariNAma hai, jo dravya ke astitva se apane Apa hotA hai arthAt kisI bhI dravya kA svAbhAvika svarUpa-pariNamana hI pAriNAmika bhAva hai| ye pAMcoM bhAva hI AtmA ke svarUpa hai| saMsArI yA mukta koI bhI AtmA ho, usake sabhI paryAya ina pA~ca bhAvo me se kisI-na-kisI bhAvavAle hI hoNge| ajIva me pA~coM bhAvavAle paryAya sambhava nahIM hai, isalie ye bhAva ajIva ke svarUpa nahI hai / ukta pA~coM bhAva sabhI jIvoM me eka sAtha hone kA bhI niyama nahI hai / mukta jIvoM meM do bhAva hote haiM-kSAyika aura pAriNAmika / saMsArI jIvoM meM koI tIna bhAvavAlA, koI cAra bhAvavAlA, koI pAMca bhAvavAlA hotA hai, para do bhAvavAlA koI nahIM hotaa| arthAt mukta AtmA ke paryAya do bhAvoM taka aura saMsArI AtmA ke paryAya tIna se lekara pA~ca bhAvoM taka pAye jAte haiN| ataeva pA~ca bhAvoM ko jIva kA svarUpa jIvarAzi kI apekSA se yA kisI jIvavizeSa me sambhAvanA kI apekSA se kahA gayA hai| audayika bhAvavAle paryAya vaibhAvika aura zeSa cAroM bhAvavAle paryAya svAbhAvika hai / 1 / 1. nIrasa kiye gaye karmadalikoM kA vedana pradezodaya hai aura rasa viziSTa dalikoM kA vipAkavedana vipAkodaya hai /

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2. 1-7 ] pA~ca bhAvoM ke bheda aura udAharaNa 49 ukta pAMcoM bhAvoM ke kula 53 bhedoM kA nirdeza isa sUtra meM hai, jo Age ke sUtroM me nAmapUrvaka kramazaH isa prakAra batalAye gae hai ki kisa bhAvavAle kitanekitane paryAya hai aura kauna-kauna-se hai / 2 / / praupazamika bhAva ke bheda-darzana-mohanIya karma ke upazama se samyaktva kA aura cAritra-mohanIya karma ke upazama se cAritra kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| isalie samyaktva aura cAritra ye do hI paryAya aupazamika bhAvavAle hai / 3 / kSAyika bhAva ke bheda--kevalajJAnAvaraNa ke kSaya se kevalajJAna, kevaladarzanAvaraNa ke kSaya se kevaladarzana, paMcavidha antarAya ke kSaya se dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIrya ye pA~ca labdhiyA~, darzana-mohanIya karma ke kSaya se samyaktva tathA cAritra-mohanIya karma ke kSaya se cAritra kA AvirbhAva hotA hai / isIlie kevalajJAnAdi navavidha paryAya kSAyika kahalAte haiM / 4 / kSAyopazamika bhAva ke bheda-matijJAnAvaraNa, zrutajJAnAvaraNa, avadhijJAnAvaraNa aura manaHparyAyajJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se mati, zruta, avadhi aura manaparyAyajJAna kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| mati-ajJAnAvaraNa, zruta-ajJAnAvaraNa aura vibhaGga-jJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se mati-ajJAna, zruta-ajJAna aura vibhaGgajJAna kA AvirbhAva hotA hai / cakSurdarzanAvaraNa, acakSurdarzanAvaraNa aura avadhidarzanAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se cakSurdarzana, acakSurdarzana aura avadhidarzana kA AvirbhAva hotA hai / paJcavidha antarAya ke kSayopazama se dAna, lAbha Adi pA~ca labdhiyoM kA AvirbhAva hotA hai / anantAnubandhI catuSka tathA darzanamohanIya ke kSayopazama se samyaktva kA AvirbhAva hotA hai / anantAnubandhI Adi bAraha prakAra ke kaSAyoM ke kSayopazama se cAritra ( sarvavirati ) kA AvirbhAva hotA hai / anantAnubandhI Adi aSTavidha kaSAya ke kSayopazama se saMyamAsaMyama ( dezavirati ) kA AvirbhAva hotA hai / isa taraha matijJAna Adi aThAraha paryAya kSAyopazamika hai / 5 / / praudayika bhAva ke bheda-gati nAma-karma ke udaya kA phala naraka, tiryazca, manuSya aura deva ye cAra gatiyA~ hai| kaSAyamohanIya ke udaya se krodha, mAna, mAyA va lobha ye cAra kaSAya paidA hote hai / vedamohanIya ke udaya se strI, puruSa aura napusaka beda hotA hai / mithyAtvamohanIya ke udaya se mithyAdarzana ( tattva kA azraddhAna ) hotA hai| ajJAna ( jJAnAbhAva ) jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke udaya kA phala hai / asaMyatatva( virati kA sarvathA abhAva ) anantAnubandhI Adi bAraha prakAra ke cAritra-mohanIya ke udaya kA pariNAma hai / asiddhatva (zarIradhAraNa) vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura gotra karma ke udaya kA pariNAma hai / kRSNa, nIla, kApota, tejaH, padma aura zukla ye chaH lezyAe~ ( kaSAyodayaraJjita yogapariNAma) kaSAya

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50 tattvArthasUtra [2.8 ke udaya athavA yogajanaka zarIranAmakarma ke udaya kA pariNAma hai / isa taraha ye gati Adi ikkIsa paryAya audayika hai / 6 / pAriNAmika bhAva ke bheda-jIvatva ( caitanya ), bhavyatva (makti kI yogyatA), abhavyatva (mukti kI ayogyatA ) ye tIna bhAva svAbhAvika hai arthAt na to ve karma ke udaya se, na upazama se, na kSaya se aura na kSayopazama se utpanna hote hai; ve anAdisiddha Atmadravya ke astitva se hI siddha hai, isI kAraNa ve pAriNAmika hai| prazna--kyA pAriNAmika bhAva tIna hI hai ? uttara-nahIM, aura bhI hai| prazna--kauna-se hai ? uttara-astitva, anyatva, kartRtva, bhoktRtva, guNatva, pradezatva, asaMkhyAtapradezatva, asarvagatatva, arUpatva Adi aneka hai / prazna-phira tIna hI kyoM batalAye gae ? uttara-yahA~ jIva kA svarUpa-kathana hI abhISTa hai jo usake asAdhAraNa bhAvoM dvArA hI batalAyA jA sakatA hai| isalie aupazamika Adi bhAvoM ke sAtha pAriNAmika bhAva bhI ve hI batalAye hai jo asAdhAraNa hai / astitva Adi pAriNAmika hai avazya, para ve jIva kI bhAMti ajIva meM bhI hote hai| ata ve jIva ke asAdhAraNa bhAva nahI hai| isIlie yahA~ unakA nirdeza nahI kiyA gayA tathApi anta ke 'Adi' zabda dvArA unhI ko sUcita kiyA gayA hai aura digambara sampradAya me yahI artha 'ca' zabda se liyA gayA hai| 7 / jIva kA lakSaNa upayogo lakSaNam / 8 / jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hai| jIva, jise AtmA yA cetana bhI kahate hai, anAdisiddha, svatantra dravya hai| tAttvika dRSTi se arUpI hone se usakA jJAna indriyo dvArA nahIM ho sakatA, para svasaMvedana, pratyakSa tathA anumAna Adi se usakA jJAna ho sakatA hai / tathApi sAmAnya jijJAsuoM ke lie eka aisA lakSaNa batalA denA ucita hai jisase AtmA kI pahacAna ho ske| isI abhiprAya se prastuta sUtra me jIva kA lakSaNa batalAyA gayA hai / AtmA lakSya ( jJeya ) hai aura upayoga lakSaNa ( jAnane kA upAya ) hai / jagat aneka jar3a-cetana padArthoM kA mizraNa hai| usameM se jar3a aura

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2. 8] jIva kA lakSaNa cetana kA vivekapUrvaka nizcaya upayoga ke dvArA hI ho sakatA hai, kyoMki upayoga taratamabhAva se sabhI AtmAo me avazya hotA hai| jaDa hI upayogarahita hotA hai| prazna-upayoga kise kahate hai ? uttara ---bodharUpa vyApAra ko upayoga kahate hai / prazna-AtmA me bodha kI kriyA hotI hai aura jaDa me nahI, aisA kyoM ? uttara-bodha kA kAraNa cetanAzakti hai / jisame cetanAzakti ho usI meM bodhakriyA sambhava hai / cetanAzakti AtmA me hI hotI hai, jar3a meM nahI / prazna-AtmA svatantra dravya hai isalie usame aneka guNa hone cAhie, phira upayoga ko hI lakSaNa kyoM kahA gayA ? uttara-niHsandeha AtmA me ananta guNa-paryAya hai, para una saba me upayoga hI mukhya hai, kyoki sva-paraprakAzarUpa hone se upayoga hI apanA tathA anya paryAyoM kA jJAna karAtA hai / isake sivAya AtmA jo kucha asti-nAsti jAnatA hai, nanu-naca karatA hai, sukha du.kha kA anubhava karatA hai vaha saba upayoga ke dvArA ho / ataeva upayoga hI saba paryAyo me pradhAna hai| prazna-kyA lakSaNa svarUpa se bhinna hai ? uttr-nhii| prazna-taba to pahale jina pA~ca bhAvoM ko jIva kA svarUpa kahA gayA hai ve bhI lakSaNa hue, phira dUsarA lakSaNa batalAne kA prayojana kyA hai ? uttara-saba asAdhAraNa dharma bhI eka-se nahI hote / kucha to aise haiM jo lakSya meM hote hai avazya, para kabhI hote hai aura kabhI nhii| kucha aise bhI hai jo samagra lakSya meM nahI rahate aura kucha aise bhI hote hai jo tInoM kAloM meM samagra lakSya meM rahate hai / samagra lakSya meM tIno kAlo me upayoga hI hotA hai / isalie lakSaNarUpa se usI kA pRthak rUpa se kathana kiyA gayA aura usase yaha sUcita kiyA gayA hai ki aupazamika Adi bhAva jIva ke svarUpa hai avazya, para ve na to saba AtmAoM meM pAye jAte hai aura na trikAlavartI hI hai| trikAlavartI aura saba AtmAoM meM pAyA jAnevAlA eka jIvatvarUpa pAriNAmika bhAva hI hai, jisakA phalita artha upayoga hI hai| isalie usI kA kathana alaga se yahA~ lakSaNarUpa meM kiyA gayA hai / dUsare saba bhAva kAdAcitka (kabhI honevAle, kabhI nahI honevAle), katipaya lakSyavartI aura karma-sApekSa hone se jIva ke upalakSaNa ho sakate hai, lakSaNa nhiiN|

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tattvArthasUtra [2.9 lakSaNa aura upalakSaNa meM yahI antara hai ki jo pratyeka lakSya me sarvAtmabhAva se tIno kAlo me pAyA jAya, vaha lakSaNa hai, jaise agni me uSNatva; aura jo kisI lakSya me ho aura kisI me na ho, kabhI ho aura kabhI na ho tathA svabhAva siddha na ho, vaha upalakSaNa hai, jaise agni ke lie dhUma / jIvatva ko chor3akara bhAvo ke bAvana bheda AtmA ke upalakSaNa hI hai / 8 / upayoga kI vividhatA sa dvividho'STacaturbhedaH / 9 / vaha upayoga do prakAra kA hai tathA ATha aura cAra prakAra kA hai| jAnane kI zakti ( cetanA ) samAna hone para bhI jAnane kI kriyA ( bodhavyApAra yA upayoga ) saba AtmAoM me samAna nahIM hotii| upayoga kI yaha vividhatA bAhya-Abhyantara kAraNakalApa kI vividhatA para avalambita hai| viSayabheda, indriya Adi sAdhana-bheda, deza-kAla-bheda ityAdi vividhatA bAhya sAmagrI kI hai / AvaraNa kI tIvratA-mandatA kA tAratamya Antarika sAmagrI kI vividhatA hai / isa sAmagrI-vaicitrya ke kAraNa eka AtmA bhinna-bhinna samaya me bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI bodhakriyA karatI hai aura aneka AtmAe~ eka hI samaya meM bhinna-bhinna bodhakriyAe~ karatI hai| bodha kI yaha vividhatA anubhavagamya hai| isako saMkSepa meM vargIkaraNa dvArA batalAnA hI isa sUtra kA prayojana hai| upayogarAzi ke sAmAnya rUpa se do vibhAga kiye jAte hai-1. sAkAra, 2. anAkAra / vizeSa rUpa se sAkAra-upayoga ke ATha aura anAkAra-upayoga ke cAra vibhAga kiye gae hai| isa taraha upayoga ke kula bAraha bheda hai| sAkAra-upayoga ke ATha bheda ye hai-matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryAyajJAna, kevalajJAna, mati-ajJAna, zruta-ajJAna aura vibhaGgajJAna / anAkAra-upayoga ke cAra bheda ye hai-cakSurdarzana, acakSurdarzana, avadhidarzana aura kevaladarzana / prazna-sAkAra aura anAkAra upayoga kA artha kyA hai ? uttara-jo bodha grAhyavastu ko vizeSa rUpa se jAnanevAlA hai vaha sAkAraupayoga hai aura jo bodha grAhyavastu ko sAmAnya rUpa se jAnanevAlA hai vaha anAkAra-upayoga hai / sAkAra-upayoga ko jJAna yA savikalpaka bodha aura anAkAraupayoga ko darzana yA nirvikalpaka bodha kahate hai / prazna-ukta bAraha bhedo me se kitane bheda pUrNa vikasita cetanAzakti ke vyApAra haiM aura kitane apUrNa vikasita cetanAzakti ke ?

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2. 10] jIvarAzi ke vibhAga 53 uttara-kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ye do pUrNa vikasita cetanA ke vyApAra hai aura zeSa saba apUrNa vikasita cetanA ke vyApAra hai| prazna-vikAsa kI apUrNatA ke samaya to apUrNatA kI vividhatA ke kAraNa upayoga-bheda sambhava hai, para vikAsa kI pUrNatA ke samaya upayoga-bheda kaise ? uttara--vikAsa kI pUrNatA ke samaya kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana rUpa se upayoga-bheda mAnane kA kAraNa kevala grAhya-viSaya kI dvirUpatA hai arthAt pratyeka viSaya sAmAnya aura vizeSa rUpa se ubhayasvabhAvI hai, isalie usako jAnanevAlA cetanAjanya vyApAra bhI jJAna aura darzana ke rUpa meM do prakAra kA hotA hai / prazna-sAkAra-upayoga ke ATha bhedoM me jJAna aura ajJAna kA antara kyA hai ? uttara-aura kucha nahIM, kevala samyaktva ke sahabhAva athavA asahabhAva kA antara hai| prazna--to phira zeSa do jJAnoM ke pratipakSI ajJAna aura darzana ke pratipakSI adarzana kyoM nahI? uttara-mana.paryAya aura kevala ye do jJAna samyaktva ke binA hote hI nahI, isalie unakA pratipakSa sambhava nahI / darzanoM meM kevaladarzana samyaktva ke binA nahI hotA para zeSa tIna darzana samyaktva ke abhAva me bhI hote hai tathApi unake pratipakSI tIna adarzana na kahane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki darzana sAmAnyamAtra kA bodha hai / isalie samyaktvI aura mithyAtvI ke darzana meM koI bheda nahI batalAyA jA sktaa| prazna--ukta bAraha bhedoM kI vyAkhyA kyA hai ? uttara--jJAna ke ATha bhedo kA svarUpa pahale hI batalAyA jA cukA hai| darzana ke cAra bhedoM kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai-1. netrajanya sAmAnyabodha cakSurdarzana, 2. netra ke sivAya anya kisI indriya se yA mana se honevAlA sAmAnyabodha acakSurdarzana, 3. avadhilabdhi se mUrta padArtho kA sAmAnyabodha avadhidarzana aura 4. kevalalabdhi-janya samasta padArtho kA sAmAnyabodha kevaladarzana hai / 9 / jIvarAzi ke vibhAga saMsAriNo muktAzca / 10 / / saMsArI aura mukta ye do vibhAga haiM / jIva ananta hai| caitanya rUpa se saba jIva samAna hai| yahA~ unake do bheda paryAya-vizeSa ke sadbhAva-asadbhAva kI apekSA se kiye gae hai, arthAt eka saMsAra 1. dekheM-a0 1, sU0 1 se 33 taka /

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54 tattvArtha sUtra [ 2. 11-14 rUpa paryAyasahita aura dUsare saMsArarUpa paryAya se rahita / pahale prakAra ke jIva saMsArI aura dUsare prakAra ke mukta kahalAte haiM / prazna -- saMsAra kyA hai ? uttara- dravya aura bhAvabandha hI saMsAra hai / karmadala kA viziSTa sambandha dravyabandha hai / rAga-dveSa Adi vAsanAo kA sambandha bhAvabandha hai / 10 / saMsArI jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda samanaskA'manaskAH / 11 / saMsAriNastra sasthAvarAH / 12 / pRthivyambuvanaspatayaH sthAvarAH / 13 / tejovAyU dvIndriyAdayazca trasAH / 14 / saMsArI jIva manasahita aura manarahita haiM tathA ve sa aura sthAvara haiM / pRthivIkAya, jalakAya aura vanaspatikAya ye tIna sthAvara haiM | tejaHkAya, vAyukAya aura dvIndriya Adi trasa haiM / saMsArI jIva ananta hai / saMkSepa meM unake do vibhAga hai, ve bhI do taraha se / pahalA vibhAga mana ke sambandha aura asambandha para nirbhara haiM, arthAt manasahita aura manarahita - isa taraha do vibhAga kiye gae haiM, jiname sakala saMsArI jIvoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai / dUsarA vibhAga trasatva aura sthAvaratva ke AdhAra para hai / isa vibhAga meM bhI sakala sasArI jIvoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai / prazna - mana kise kahate hai ? uttara -- jisase vicAra kiyA jA sake vaha Atmika zakti mana hai aura isa zakti se vicAra karane meM sahAyaka honevAle eka prakAra ke sUkSma paramANu bhI mana kahalAte hai / pahale ko bhAvamana aura dUsare ko dravyamana kahate hai / prazna - satva aura sthAvaratva kyA hai ? uttara- - uddezyapUrvaka eka jagaha se dUsarI jagaha jAne yA hilane-Dulane kI zakti trasatva hai aura isa zakti kA na honA sthAvaratva hai / prazna - manarahita jIvoM ke kyA dravya yA bhAva meM se koI mana nahI hotA ? uttara-- hotA hai, kevala bhAvamana / prazna - taba to sabhI jIva manasahita hue, phira manasahita aura manarahita kA bheda kyoM ? For Private Personal Use Only

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2. 11 - 14 ] saMsArI jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda 55 uttara - dravyamana kI apekSA se, arthAt jaise atyanta bUr3hA manuSya pA~va aura calane kI zakti hone para bhI lakaDI ke sahAre ke binA nahI cala sakatA, vaise hI bhAvamana hone para bhI dravyamana ke binA spaSTa vicAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / isI kAraNa dravyamana kI pradhAnatA mAnakara usake bhAva aura abhAva kI apekSA se manasahita aura manarahita vibhAga kiye gae hai / prazna- dUsarA vibhAga karane kA yaha artha to nahI hai ki sabhI trasa samanaska aura sabhI sthAvara amanaska hai ? uttara----nahIM, trasa meM bhI kucha hI samanaska hote haiM, saba nahIM / sthAvara to sabhI amanaska hI hote hai / 11-12 / sthAvara jIvoM ke pRthivIkAya, jalakAya aura vanaspatikAya ye tIna bheda hai aura trasa jIvoM ke tejaHkAya, vAyukAya ye do bheda tathA dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paJcendriya ye cAra bheda bhI hai / prazna - trasa aura sthAvara kA artha kyA hai ? uttara -- jisake trasa nAma-karma kA udaya ho vaha trasa jIva aura jisake sthAvara nAma karma kA udaya ho vaha sthAvara jIva / prazna - trasa nAma-karma ke udaya kI aura sthAvara nAma-karma ke udaya kI pahacAna kyA hai ? uttara- - du.kha tyAgane aura sukha dikhAI denA aura na dikhAI denA hI sthAvara nAma-karma ke udaya kI pahacAna hai / prApta karane kI pravRtti kA spaSTa rUpa me kramazaH trasa nAma-karma ke udaya kI aura prazna -- kyA dvIndriya Adi jIvoM kI taraha tejaHkAyika aura vAyukAyika jIva bhI ukta pravRtti karate hue spaSTa dikhAI dete haiM ki unako trasa mAnA jAya ? uttara- - nahIM / prazna - to phira pRthivIkAyika Adi kI taraha unako sthAvara kyoM nahIM kahA gayA ? uttara--ukta lakSaNa ke anusAra ve vAstava meM sthAvara hI hai / yahA~ dvIndriya Adi ke sAtha gati kA sAdRzya dekhakara unako trasa kahA gayA hai arthAt trasa do prakAra ke hai -- labdhitrasa aura gatitrasa / trasa nAma-karma ke udayavAle labdhitrasa haiM, ye hI mukhya trasa hai jaise dvIndriya se paJcendriya taka ke jIva / sthAvara nAma-karma kA udaya hone para bhI trasa jaisI gati hone ke kAraNa jo trasa kahalAte haiM ve For Private Personal Use Only

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tattvArthasUtra [2. 15-20 gatitrasa haiN| ye upacAra mAtra se trasa hai jaise tejaHkAyika aura vAyukAyika / 13-14 / indriyoM kI saMkhyA, unake bheda-prabheda aura nAma-nirdeza paJcendriyANi / 15 / dvividhAni / 16 / nirvRttyupakaraNe dravyendriyam / 17 / labdhyupayogau bhAvendriyam / 18 / upayogaH sparzAdiSu / 19 / sparzanarasanaghrANacakSuHzrotrANi / 20 / indriyAM pAMca haiN| pratyeka indriya do-do prakAra kI hai| dravyendriya nivRtti aura upakaraNarUpa hai / bhAvendriya labdhi aura upayogarUpa hai| upayoga sparza Adi viSayoM meM hotA hai| sparzana, rasana, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrotra ye indriyoM ke nAma haiN| yahAM indriyoM kI saMkhyA ke nirdeza kA uddezya yaha hai ki yaha jJAta kiyA jA sake ki saMsArI jIvoM ke kitane vibhAga ho sakate hai / indriyA~ pA~ca hai / sabhI saMsArI jIvoM ke pA~ca indriyA~ nahIM hotii| kucha ke eka, kucha ke do, isa taraha eka-eka bar3hAte-bar3hAte kucha ke pA~ca indriyA~ taka hotI hai| eka indriyavAle ekendriya, do vAle dvIndriya, isI taraha trIndriya caturindriya aura paJcendriya isa prakAra saMsArI jIvoM ke pA~ca bheda hote hai| prazna--indriya kA kyA artha hai ? uttara--jisase jJAna prApta ho vaha indriya hai / prazna--kyA indriyA~ pAMca se adhika nahI hai ? uttara---nahI, jJAnendriyA~ pA~ca hI hai / yadyapi sAMkhya Adi zAstroM meM vAka, pANi, pAda, pAyu ( gudA ) aura upastha ( liGga yA jananendriya ) ko bhI indriya kahA gayA hai, parantu ve karmendriyA~ haiM / jJAnendriyA~ pA~ca se adhika nahI hai aura yahA~ unhIM kA ullekha hai / prazna--jJAnendriya aura karmendriya kA kyA artha hai ?

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2. 15-20.] indriyoM kI saMkhyA, bheda-prabheda aura nAma-nirdeza 57 uttara--jisase mukhyatayA jIvana-yAtropayogI jJAna ho vaha jJAnendriya aura jisase jIvana-yAtropayogI AhAra, vihAra, nihAra Adi kriyA ho vaha karmendriya hai / 15 / pA~coM indriyoM ke dravya aura bhAva rUpa se do-do bheda hai| pudgalamaya jaDa indriya dravyendriya hai aura Atmika pariNAmarUpa indriya bhAvendriya hai / 16 / dravyendriya nirvRtti aura upakaraNa rUpa se do prakAra kI hai| zarIra para dIkhanevAlI indriyoM kI pudgalaskandhoM kI viziSTa racanA ke rUpa me jo AkRtiyA~ hai unako nirvRtti-indriya tathA nirvRtti-indriya kI bAharI va bhItarI paudgalika zakti ko upakaraNendriya kahate hai jisake binA nirvRtti-indriya jJAna paidA karane meM asamartha hai / 17 / bhAvendriya ke bhI labdhi aura upayoga ye do prakAra hai / matijJAnAvaraNIyakarma Adi kA kSayopazama jo eka prakAra kA Atmika pariNAma hai vaha labdhIndriya hai / labdhi, nirvRtti tathA upakaraNa ina tInoM ke milane se jo rUpAdi viSayoM kA sAmAnya aura vizeSa bodha hotA hai vaha upayogendriya hai / upayogendriya matijJAnarUpa tathA cakSu-acakSu darzanarUpa hai / 18 / matijJAnarUpa upayoga jise bhAvendriya kahA gayA hai vaha arUpI ( amUrta ) padArtho ko jAna sakatA hai para unake sakala guNa va paryAyoM ko nahI jAna sakatA, mAtra sparza, rasa, gandha, rUpa aura zabda paryAyoM ko hI jAna sakatA hai| prazna-pratyeka indriya ke dravya-bhAvarUpa se do-do aura dravya ke tathA bhAva ke bhI anukrama se nirvRtti-upakaraNarUpa tathA labdhi-upayogarUpa do-do bheda to jJAta hue, kintu inakA prAptikrama kyA hai ? uttara-labdhIndriya hone para hI nirvRtti sambhava hai| nirvRtti ke binA upakaraNa nahI arthAt labdhi prApta hone para nirvRtti, upakaraNa aura upayoga ho sakate hai / isI taraha nirvRtti prApta hone para upakaraNa aura upayoga tathA upakaraNa prApta hone para upayoga sambhava hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki pUrva-pUrva indriya prApta hone para uttara-uttara indriya kI prApti hotI hai| para aisA koI niyama nahI hai ki uttarauttara indriya ke prApta hone para hI pUrva-pUrva indriya prApta ho / 19 / indriyoM ke nAma-1. sparzanendriya ( tvacA), 2 rasanendriya (jihvA), 3. ghrANendriya ( nAsikA), 4. cakSurindriya ( A~kha ), 5. zrotrendriya ( kaan)| pA~coM indriyoM ke labdhi, nirvRtti, upakaraNa aura upayoga ye cAra-cAra prakAra haiM

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58 tattvArthasUtra [2. 21-22 arthAta ina cAra prakAroM kI samaSTi hI sparzana Adi eka-eka pUrNa indriya hai| isa samaSTi meM jitanI nyUnatA hai utanI hI indriya kI apUrNatA hai|' prazna-upayoga to jJAna-vizeSa hai jo indriya kA phala hai; usako indriya kaise kahA gayA ? uttara-yadyapi labdhi, nirvRtti aura upakaraNa ina tInoM ko samaSTi kA kArya upayoga hai tathApi yahA~ upacAra se arthAt kArya meM kAraNa kA Aropa karake use bhI indriya kahA gayA hai / 20 / ___ indriyo ke jJeya arthAt viSaya sparzarasagandhavarNazabdAsteSAmarthAH / 21 / zrutamanindriyasya / 22 / sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa ( rUpa ) aura zabda ye pA~ca kramazaH pA~ca indriyoM ke artha ( jJeya yA viSaya ) haiM / anindriya ( mana ) kA viSaya zruta hai| jagat ke saba padArtha eka-se nahIM hai| kucha padArtha mUrta hai aura kucha amUrta / ve mUrta hai jiname varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza Adi hoN| mUrta padArtha hI indriyoM se jAne jA sakate hai, amUrta padArtha nhii| pAMco indriyo ke jo bhinna-bhinna viSaya batalAye gae hai ve Apasa meM sarvathA bhinna aura mUlatattva (dravyarUpa) nahI kintu eka hI dravya ke bhinna-bhinna aza ( paryAya ) hai arthAt pA~coM indriyA~ eka hI dravya kI pArasparika bhinna-bhinna avasthA-vizeSa ko jAnane meM pravRtta hotI hai / ataeva isa sUtra me pA~ca indriyoM ke jo pA~ca viSaya batalAye gae hai unhe svatantra yA alaga-alaga nahIM, apitu eka hI mUrta (paudgalika ) dravya ke aMza samajhanA cAhie / jaise eka laDDU ko pA~coM indriyA~ bhinna-bhinna rUpa me jAnatI hai / agulI chakara usake zIta-uSNa Adi sparza kA jJAna karAtI hai| jIbha cakhakara usake khaTTe-mIThe Adi rasa kA jJAna karAtI hai| nAka saMghakara usakI khuzabU yA badabU kA jJAna karAtA hai| A~kha dekhakara usake lAla, sapheda Adi raMga kA jJAna karAtI hai| kAna usa kaDe laDaDU ko khAne Adi se utpanna zabdoM yA dhvani kA jJAna karAtA hai / yaha bAta nahIM hai ki usa laDDU meM sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa, aura zabda ina pA~coM viSayoM kA sthAna alaga-alaga hotA hai / ve sabhI usake saba bhAgoM 1. inake vizeSa vicAra ke lie dekhe-hindI cauthA karmagrantha, pR0 36, 'indriya' zabdaviSayaka pariziSTa /

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2. 21-22 ] indriyoM ke jJema arthAt viSaya meM eka sAtha rahate hai, kyoMki ve sabhI eka hI dravya ke unakA vibhAga kevala buddhi dvArA indriyo se hotA hai / alaga hai / ve kitanI hI paTu hoM, apane grAhyaviSaya ke ko jAnane meM samartha nahI hai / isIlie pA~coM indriyoM ke ( pRthak-pRthak ) hai / 59 prazna - sparza Adi pA~co sahacarita hai, taba aisA kyoM hai ki kisI-kisI vastu me una pA~coM kI upalabdhi na hokara kevala eka yA do kI hI hotI hai, jaise sUrya Adi kI prabhA kA rUpa to mAlUma hotA hai, para sparza, rasa, gandha Adi nahI / isI taraha puSpAdi se amizrita vAyu kA sparza jJAta hone para bhI rasa, gandha Adi jJAta nahIM hote / avibhAjya paryAya hai / indriyoM kI zakti alagaatirikta anya viSaya pA~ca viSaya asaMkIrNa uttara--pratyeka bhautika dravya me sparza Adi ukta sabhI paryAya hote hai, para utkaTa paryAya hI indriyagrAhya hotA hai / kisI me sparza Adi pA~coM paryAya utkaTa - tayA abhivyakta hote hai aura kisI meM eka-do Adi / zeSa paryAya anutkaTa avasthA me hone ke kAraNa indriyo se nahI jAne jAte, para hote avazya hai / indra kI paTutA ( grahaNazakti ) bhI saba jAti ke prANiyoM kI samAna nahIM hotI / ekajAtIya prANiyoM me bhI indriya kI paTutA vividha prakAra kI dekhane me AtI hai / isalie sparza Adi ko utkaTatA yA anutkaTatA kA vicAra indriya kI paTutA ke taratamabhAva para bhI nirbhara karatA hai / 21 / ina pA~coM indriyoM ke atirikta mana bhI eka indriya hai / mana jJAna kA sAdhana to hai, para sparzana Adi indriyoM kI taraha bAhya sAdhana nahI hai / vaha Antarika sAdhana hai, ataH use antaHkaraNa bhI kahate hai / mana kA viSaya parimita nahI hai / bAhya indriyA~ kevala mUrta padArtha ko aura vaha bhI aMza rUpa me grahaNa karatI hai, jaba ki mana mUrta-amUrta sabhI padArtho ko aneka rUpo me grahaNa karatA hai / mana kA kArya vicAra karanA hai, jisame indriyo ke dvArA grahaNa kiye gae aura na grahaNa / kiye gae, vikAsa kI yogyatA ke anusAra sabhI viSaya Ate hai hai / isIlie kahA gayA hai ki anindriya kA viSaya zruta hai sabhI tattvoM kA svarUpa mana kA pravRtti kSetra hai / yaha vicAra hI zruta arthAt mUrta-amUrta prazna- -zruta yadi mana kA kArya hai aura vaha eka prakAra kA spaSTa tathA vizeSagrAhI jJAna hai, to phira mana se matijJAna kyo nahI hotA ? uttara- - hotA hai, kintu mana ke dvArA pahale pahala sAmAnya rUpa se vastu kA jo grahaNa hotA hai tathA jisame zabdArtha - sambandha, paurvAparya zrRMkhalA aura vikalpa For Private Personal Use Only

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60 tattvArthasUtra [2. 23-25 rUpa vizeSatA na ho vahI matijJAna hai| isake bAda honevAlI ukta vizeSatAyukta vicAradhArA zrutajJAna hai, arthAt manojanya jJAna-vyApAra kI dhArA meM prAthamika alpa aMza matijJAna hai aura bAda kA adhika aMza zrutajJAna hai / sArAza, yaha hai ki sparzana Adi pA~ca indriyoM se kevala matijJAna hotA hai, para mana se mati aura zruta donoM hote hai| iname bhI mati kI apekSA zruta kI hI pradhAnatA hai / isI kAraNa zruta ko yahA~ mana kA viSaya kahA gayA hai / prazna-mana ko anindriya kahane kA kyA kAraNa hai ? uttara-yadyapi vaha bhI jJAna kA sAdhana hone se indriya hI hai, parantu rUpa Adi viSayoM me pravRtta hone ke lie usako netra Adi indriyo kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai / isI parAdhInatA ke kAraNa use anindriya yA noindriya (ISaindriya yA indriya-jaisA ) kahA gayA hai| prazna- kyA mana bhI netra Adi kI taraha zarIra ke kisI viziSTa sthAna meM rahatA hai yA sarvatra rahatA hai ? uttara-vaha zarIra ke bhItara sarvatra' rahatA hai, kisI viziSTa sthAna meM nahI; kyoMki zarIra ke bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM meM sthita indriyoM ke dvArA grahaNa kiye gae sabhI viSayoM me mana kI gati hai jo use dehavyApI mAne binA sambhava nahI / isIlie kahA jAtA hai 'yatra pavanastatra manaH' / 21-22 / indriyoM ke svAmI vAyvantAnAmekam / 23 / kRmipipIlikAbhramaramanuSyAdInAmekaikavRddhAni / 24 / saMjJinaH samanaskAH / 25 / vAyukAya taka ke jIvoM ke eka indriya hotI hai| kRmi, pipIlikA ( cIMTI), bhramara aura manuSya Adi ke kramazaH ekaeka indriya adhika hotI hai / saMjJI manavAle hote hai| sUtra 13 va 14 me saMsArI jIvoM ke sthAvara aura trasa ye do bheda batalAye gae hai / unake nau nikAya ( jAtiyA~ ) hai jaise pRthivIkAya, jalakAya, vanaspati 1. yaha mata zvetAmbara paramparA kA hai , digambara paramparA ke anusAra dravya mana kA sthAna sampUrNa zarIra nahI hai, kevala hRdaya hai|

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2. 23-25 ] indriyo ke svAmI kAya, teja.kAya, vAyukAya ye pAMca sthAvara tathA dvIndriya Adi cAra trasa / iname se vAyukAya taka ke pA~ca nikAyoM ke kevala eka sparzana indriya hotI hai / kRmi, jalaukA, laTa Adi ke do indriyA~ hotI hai-sparzana aura rasana / cITI, kuthu, khaTamala Adi ke tIna indriyA~ hotI hai-sparzana, rasana aura ghrANa / bhaure, makkhI, bicchU, macchara Adi ke cAra indriyA~ hotI hai--sparzana, rasana, prANa aura netra / manuSya, pazu, pakSI tathA deva-nAraka ke pA~ca indriyA~ hotI hai-sparzana, rasana, ghrANa, netra tathA zrotra / prazna-yaha saMkhyA dravyendriya kI hai yA bhAvendriya kI athavA ubhayendriya kI ? uttara-ukta saMkhyA kevala dravyendriya kI hai, kucha jIvoM meM dravyedriyA~ kama hone para bhI pAMcoM bhAvendriyA~ to sabhI jIvoM ke hotI hai| prazna-to kyA kRmi Adi jIva bhAvendriya ke bala se dekha yA suna lete haiM ? uttara-nahIM, kevala bhAvendriya kAma karane meM samartha nahIM, use dravyendriya kA sahArA cAhie / isIlie bhAvendriyoM ke hone para bhI kRmi yA cITI Adi netra tathA karNa dravyendriya na hone se dekhane-sunane meM asamartha hai| phira bhI ve jIva apanIapanI dravyendriya kI paTutA ke kAraNa jIvana-yAtrA calA hI lete hai / pRthivIkAya se lekara caturindriya paryanta ATha nikAyoM ke to mana hotA hI nahIM, paJcendriyoM meM bhI sabake mana nahI hotA / paJcendriya jIvoM ke cAra varga haideva, nAraka, manuSya aura tiryazca / pahale do vargoM me to sabhI ke mana hotA hai aura zeSa do vargo me se unhIM ke hotA hai jo garbhotpanna hoN| manuSya aura tiryaJca garbhotpanna tathA saMmUchima do-do prakAra ke hote hai / saMmUchima manuSya aura tiryaJca ke mana nahI hotA / sArAMza, yaha hai ki paJcendriyoM meM saba devoM, saba nArakoM, garbhajamanuSyoM tathA garbhaja-tiryazcoM ke hI mana hotA hai / prazna-- isakI kyA pahacAna hai ki kisa ke mana hai aura kisa ke nahI hai ? uttara---isakI pahacAna saMjJA kA honA yA na honA hai| prazna-vRtti ko saMjJA kahate hai| nyUnAdhika rUpa me kisI-na-kisI prakAra kI vRtti sabhI meM hotI hai, kyoMki kRmi, cITI Adi me bhI AhAra, bhaya Adi vRttiyA~ hai / phira ina jIvoM meM mana kyoM nahI mAnA jAtA ? uttara--yahA~ saMjJA kA artha sAdhAraNa vRtti nahIM, viziSTa vRtti hai / ' vaha 1. isake spaSTIkaraNa ke lie dekhe-hindI cauthA karmagrantha, pR0 38 para 'saMjJA' zabda kA pariziSTa /

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62 tattvArthasUtra [ 2. 26-31 viziSTa vRtti guNa-doSa kI vicAraNA hai, jisase hita kI prApti aura ahita kA parihAra ho sake / isa viziSTa vRtti ko zAstra me sampradhAraNa saMjJA kahate hai| yaha saMjJA mana kA kArya hai jo deva, nAraka, garbhaja manuSya aura garbhaja tiryaJca me hI spaSTa rUpa se hotI hai / isalie ve hI manavAle mAne jAte hai / prazna-kyA kRmi, cITI Adi jIva apane-apane iSTa ko pAne tathA aniSTa ko tyAgane kA prayatna nahI karate ? uttara- karate hai| prazna--taba uname sampradhAraNa saMjJA aura mana kyoM nahI mAnA jAtA ? uttara---kRmi Adi me bhI atyanta sUkSma mana' vidyamAna hai, isIlie ve hita meM pravRtti aura aniSTa se nivRtti karate hai / para unakA vaha kArya kevala dehayAtropayogI hai, adhika nahIM / yahA~ itanA puSTa mana vivakSita hai jisase nimitta milane para deha-yAtrA ke atirikta aura bhI adhika vicAra kiyA jA sake arthAt jisase pUrvajanma kA smaraNa taka ho sake-vicAra kI itanI yogyatA hI saMpradhAraNa saMjJA kahalAtI hai| isa saMjJAvAle deva, nAraka, garbhaja manuSya aura garbhaja tiryaJca hI hote hai / ataeva unhI ko samanaska kahA gayA hai / 23-25 / antarAla2 gati sambandhI yoga Adi pAMca bAteM vigrahagatau karmayogaH / 26 / anuzreNi gatiH / 27 // avigrahA jIvasya / 28 / vigrahavatI ca saMsAriNaH prAk caturvyaH / 29 / ekasamayo'vigrahaH / 30 / ekaM dvau vA'nAhArakaH / 31 / vigrahagati meM karmayoga ( kArmaNayoga ) hI hotA hai| gati, zreNi ( saralarekhA ) ke anusAra hotI hai| jova ( mucyamAna AtmA ) kI gati vigraharahita hI hotI hai / saMsArI AtmA kI gati avigraha aura savigraha hotI hai| 1. dekhe--jJAnabinduprakaraNa, yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, 10 144 / 2. ise vizeSa spaSTatApUrvaka samajhane ke lie dekheM-hindI cauthA karmagrantha me, 'anAhAraka' zabda kA pariziSTa, pR0 143 /

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2. 26-31 ] antarAla gati sambandhI yoga Adi pA~ca bAteM vigraha cAra se pahale arthAt tIna taka ho sakate hai| vigraha kA abhAva eka samaya parimita hai arthAt vigrahAbhAvavAlo gati eka samaya parimANa hai| jIva eka yA do samaya taka anAhAraka rahatA hai| punarjanma mAnanevAle pratyeka darzana ke sAmane antarAla gati sambandhI pA~ca prazna upasthita hote hai . 1 jaba jIva janmAntara ke lie yA mokSa ke lie gati karatA hai taba arthAt antarAla gati ke samaya sthUla zarIra na hone se jIva kisa taraha prayatna karatA hai ? 2. gatizIla padArtha kisa niyama se gatikriyA karate hai ? 3. gatikriyA ke kitane prakAra hai aura kauna-kauna jIva kisa-kisa gatikriyA ke adhikArI hai ? 4. antarAla gati kA jaghanya yA utkRSTa kAlamAna kitanA hai aura yaha kAlamAna kisa niyama para avalambita hai ? 5. antarAla gati ke samaya jIva AhAra karatA hai yA nahI ? agara nahI karatA to jaghanya yA utkRSTa kitane kAla taka aura anAhAraka sthiti kA kAlamAna kisa niyama para avalambita hai ? AtmA ko vyApaka mAnanevAle darzanoM ko bhI ina pA~ca prazno para vicAra karanA cAhie, kyoMki unhe bhI punarjanma kI upapatti ke lie sUkSma zarIra kA gamana aura antarAla gati mAnanI hI par3atI hai| kintu jainadarzana to dehavyApI AtmavAdI hai, ataH use to ukta praznoM para vicAra karanA hI caahie| yahA~ kramaza. yahI vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai / yoga-antarAla gati do prakAra kI hai-Rju aura vakra / Rjugati se sthAnAntara jAte hue jIva ko nayA prayatna nahI karanA paDatA, kyoki jaba vaha pUrva-zarIra chor3atA hai taba use pUrva-zarIrajanya vega milatA hai / isa taraha vaha dUsare prayatna ke binA hI dhanuSa se chUTe hue bANa kI taraha sIdhe naye sthAna ko pahu~ca jAtA hai| dUsarI gati vakra ( ghumAvadAra ) hotI hai, isalie jAte samaya jIva ko naye prayatna kI apekSA hotI hai, kyoki pUrva-zarIrajanya prayatna vahI taka kAma karatA hai jahA~ se jIva ko ghUmanA paDatA hai| ghUmane kA sthAna Ate hI pUrvadehajanita prayatna manda par3a jAtA hai, ataH vahA~ se sUkSma-zarIra se prayatna hotA hai jo jIva ke sAtha usa samaya bhI rahatA hai / vahI sUkSma-zarIrajanya prayatna kArmaNa

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64 tattvArthasUtra [ 2. 26-31 yoga kahalAtA hai / isI Azaya se sUtra me vigrahagati me kArmaNayoga hone kI bAta kahI gaI hai / sArAMza, yaha hai ki vakragati se jAnevAlA jIva kevala pUrva-zarIrajanya prayatna se naye sthAna ko nahI pahuMca sakatA, isake lie nayA prayatna kArmaNa (sUkSma) zarIra se hI sAdhya hai, kyoki usa samaya dUsarA koI sthUla zarIra nahIM hotA hai / sthUla zarIra na hone se manoyoga aura vacanayoga bhI nahI hote / 26 / / gati kA niyama-gatizIla padArtha do hI hai--jIva aura pudgala / ina donoM meM gatikriyA kI zakti hai, isalie ve nimittavaza gatikriyA meM pariNata hokara gati karane lagate hai| bAhya upAdhi se bhale hI ve vakragati kare, para unakI svAbhAvika gati to sIdhI hI hotI hai / sIdhI gati kA Azaya yaha hai ki pahale jisa AkAza-kSetra me jIva yA paramANu sthita hoM, vahA~ se gati karate hue ve usI AkAza-kSetra kI sarala rekhA me U~ce, nIce yA tirache cAhe jahA~ cale jAte hai / isI svAbhAvika gati ko lekara sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki gati anuzreNi hotI hai / zreNi arthAt pUrvasthAna-pramANa AkAza kI anyUnAdhika sarala rekhA / isa svAbhAvika gati ke varNana se sUcita hotA hai ki jaba koI pratighAtaka kAraNa ho taba jIva yA pudgala zreNi ( sarala rekhA) ko chor3akara vakra-rekhA se bhI gamana karate hai / sArAza, yaha hai ki gatizIla padArtho kI gatikriyA pratighAtaka nimitta ke abhAva me pUrvasthAna-pramANa sarala rekhA se hI hotI hai aura pratighAtaka nimitta hone para vakrarekhA se bhI hotI hai / 27 / gati kA prakAra--pahale kahA gayA hai ki gati Rju aura vakra do prakAra kI hai / Rjugati vaha hai jisame pUrvasthAna se naye sthAna taka jAne me sarala rekhA kA bhaMga na ho arthAt eka bhI ghumAva na ho| vakragati vaha hai jisame pUrvasthAna se naye sthAna taka jAne me sarala rekhA kA bhaMga ho arthAt kama-se-kama eka ghumAva avazya ho / yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jIva aura pudgala dono ina donoM gatiyoM ke adhikArI hai / yahA~ mukhya prazna jIva kA hai / pUrva-zarIra chor3akara sthAnAntara jAnevAle jIva do prakAra ke hai / eka to ve jo sthUla aura sUkSma zarIra ko sadA ke lie choDakara jAte hai, ye jIva mucyamAna ( mokSa jAnevAle ) kahalAte hai / dUsare ve jo pUrva-sthUlazarIra ko chor3akara naye sthUlazarIra ko prApta karate hai| ve antarAla gati ke samaya sUkSmazarIra se avazya veSTita hote hai| ye jIva saMsArI kahalAte hai / mucyamAna jIva mokSa ke niyata sthAna para Rjugati se hI jAte hai, vakragati se nahI, kyoMki ve pUrvasthAna kI sarala rekhAvAle mokSasthAna me hI pratiSThita hote hai, kiMcit bhI idhara-udhara nahI / parantu saMsArI jIva ke utpattisthAna kA koI niyama nahIM hai| kabhI to unako jahAM utpanna honA ho vaha nayA sthAna pUrvasthAna

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2. 26-31] antarAla gati sambandhI yoga Adi pA~ca bAteM kI bilakula sarala rekhA me hotA hai aura kabhI vakra rekhA meM, kyoMki punarjanma ke navIna sthAna kA AdhAra pUrvakRta karma hai aura karma vividha prakAra kA hotA hai| isalie saMsArI jIva Rju aura vakra donoM gatiyoM ke adhikArI hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki muktisthAna ko jAnevAlo AtmA kI ekamAtra saralagati hotI hai aura punarjanma ke lie sthAnAntara ko jAne vAle jIvoM kI sarala tathA vakra donoM gatiyA~ hotI hai / Rjugati kA dUsarA nAma iSugati bhI hai, kyoMki vaha dhanuSa ke vega se prerita bANa kI gati kI taraha pUrva-zarIrajanita vega ke kAraNa sIdhI hotI hai| vakragati ke pANimuktA, lAGgalikA aura gomUtrikA ye tIna nAma hai| jisame eka bAra sarala rekhA kA bhaGga ho vaha pANimuktA, jisameM do bAra ho vaha lAGgalikA aura jisame tIna bAra ho vaha gomUtrikA / jIva ko koI bhI aisI vakragati nahIM hotI jisameM tIna se adhika ghumAva karane par3eM, kyoMki jIva kA nayA utpattisthAna kitanA hI vizreNipatita ( vakra rekhA sthita ) kyoM na ho, vaha tIna ghumAva me to avazya hI prApta ho jAtA hai / pudgala kI vakragati meM ghumAva kI sakhyA kA koI niyama nahI hai, usakA AdhAra preraka nimitta hai / 28-29 / gati kA kAlamAna-antarAla gati kA kAlamAna jaghanya eka samaya aura utkRSTa cAra samaya hai| jaba Rjugati ho taba eka hI samaya aura jaba vakragati ho taba do, tIna yA cAra samaya samajhanA caahie| samaya ko saMkhyA kI vRddhi ghumAva kI saMkhyA kI vRddhi para AdhRta hai| jisa vakragati me eka ghumAva ho usakA kAlamAna do samaya kA, jisameM do ghumAva ho usakA kAlamAna tIna samaya kA aura jisame tIna ghumAva hoM usakA kAlamAna cAra samaya kA hai| saMkSepa me, jaba eka vigraha kI gati se utpattisthAna me jAnA ho taba pUrvasthAna se ghumAva ke sthAna taka pahu~cane meM eka samaya aura ghumAva ke sthAna se utpattisthAna taka pahu~cane meM dUsarA samaya laga jAtA hai / isI niyama ke anusAra do vigraha kI gati meM tIna samaya aura tIna vigraha kI gati meM cAra samaya laga jAte hai / yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki Rjugati se janmAntara karanevAle jIva ke pUrvazarIra tyAgate samaya hI naye Ayu aura gati karma kA udaya ho jAtA hai aura vakragativAle jIva ke prathama vakra sthAna se navIna Ayu, gati aura AnupUrvI nAmakarma kA yathAsambhava udaya ho jAtA hai, kyoMki prayama vakrasthAna taka hI pUrvabhavIya Ayu Adi kA udaya rahatA hai / 30 / anAhAra kA kAlamAna-mucyamAna jIva ke lie to antarAla gati me AhAra kA prazna hI nahIM rahatA, kyoMki vaha sUkSma va sthUla saba zarIroM se mukta hai| para 1. ye pANimuktA Adi saMjJAeM digambara vyAkhyA-grantho me prasiddha hai| pa

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tattvArthasUtra [2. 26-31 saMsArI jIva ke lie AhAra kA prazna hai, kyoki usake antarAla gati me bho sUkSmazarIra hotA hI hai| AhAra kA artha hai sthUlazarIra ke yogya pudgalo ko grahaNa karanA / aisA AhAra saMsArI jIvo me antarAla gati ke samaya me pAyA bhI jAtA hai aura nahI bhI pAyA jaataa| Rjugati se yA do samaya kI eka vigrahavAlI gati se jAnevAle anAhAraka nahI hote, kyoki RjugativAle jisa samaya me pUrvazarIra chor3ate hai usI samaya me nayA sthAna prApta karate hai, samayAntara nahI hotaa| isalie unakI Rjugati kA samaya tyAge hue pUrvabhavIya zarIra ke dvArA grahaNa kiye gae AhAra kA yA navIna janmasthAna me grahaNa kiye gae AhAra kA samaya hai| yahI sthiti eka vigrahavAlI gati kI hai, kyoki isake do samayoM meM se pahalA samaya pUrvazarIra ke dvArA grahaNa kiye hue AhAra kA hai aura dUsarA samaya naye utpattisthAna meM pahuMcane kA hai, jisame navIna zarIra dhAraNa karane ke lie AhAra kiyA jAtA hai| parantu tIna samaya kI do vigrahavAlI aura cAra samaya kI tIna vigrahavAlI gati me anAhAraka sthiti hotI hai, kyoMki ina donoM gatiyoM ke kramazaH tIna aura cAra samayoM meM se pahalA samaya tyakta zarIra ke dvArA liye hue AhAra kA aura antima samaya utpattisthAna meM liye hue AhAra kA hai / para prathama tathA antima ina do samayo ko choDakara bIca kA kAla AhArazUnya hotA hai| ataeva dvivigraha gati meM eka samaya aura trivigraha gati meM do samaya taka jIva anAhAraka mAne gae hai| prastuta sUtra meM yahI bhAva prakaTa kiyA gayA hai / sArAza yaha hai ki Rjugati aura ekavigraha gati meM AhAraka dazA hI rahatI hai aura dvivigraha tathA trivigraha gati meM prathama aura carama ina do samayoM ko choDakara anukrama se madhyavartI eka tathA do samaya paryanta anAhAraka dazA rahatI hai| kahI-kahI tIna samaya bhI anAhAraka dazA ke pA~ca samaya kI cAra vigrahavAlI gati kI sambhAvanA kI apekSA se mAne gae hai| prazna-antarAla gati me zarIra-poSaka AhArarUpa se sthUla pudgalo ke grahaNa kA abhAva to jJAta huA, para prazna yaha hai ki usa samaya karmapudgala grahaNa kiye jAte haiM yA nahI ? uttara-kiye jAte hai / prazna-kisa prakAra kiye jAte hai ? uttara-antarAla gati meM bhI saMsArI jIvoM ke kArmaNazarIra avazya hotA hai / ataeva yaha zarIrajanya Atmapradeza-kampana, jisako kArmaNa-yoga kahate hai, avazya hotA hai / jaba yoga hai taba karmapudgala kA grahaNa bhI anivArya hai, kyoMki yoga hI karmavargaNA ke AkarSaNa kA kAraNa hai| jaise jala kI vRSTi ke samaya pheMkA

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2. 32-36 ] janma aura yoni ke bheda tathA unake svAmI gayA saMtapta bANa jalakaNoM ko grahaNa karatA huA tathA unhe sokhatA huA calA jAtA hai, vaise hI antarAla gati ke samaya kArmaNayoga se caJcala jIva bhI karmavargaNAoM ko grahaNa karatA hai aura unhe apane sAtha milAtA huA sthAnAntara kI ora gatimAna hotA hai / 31 / janma aura yoni ke bheda tathA unake svAmI sammUrchanagarbhopapAtA janma / 32 / sacittazItasaMvRtAH setarA mizrAzcaikazastadyonayaH / 33 / jarAyvaNDapotajAnAM garbhaH / 34 / nArakadevAnAmupapAtaH / 35 / zeSANAM sammUrchanam / 36 / sammUrchana, garbha aura upapAta ye janma ke tIna prakAra hai| sacitta, zIta aura savRta ye tIna tathA ina tInoM se viparIta acitta, uSNa aura vivRta evaM mizra arthAt sacittAcitta, zItoSNa aura saMvRtavivRta-janma kI kula nau yoniyA~ hai| jarAyuja, aNDaja aura potaja prANiyoM kA garbha-janma hotA hai / nAraka aura devoM kA upapAta-janma hotA hai| zeSa saba prANiyoM kA sammarchana-janma hotA hai| janma-bheda-pUrvabhava samApta hone para saMsArI jIva nayA bhava dhAraNa karate hai / isake lie unhe janma lenA paDatA hai para janma sabakA eka-sA nahI hotA, yahI bAta yahA~ batalAI gaI hai / pUrva bhava kA sthUla zarIra chor3ane ke bAda antarAla gati se kevala kArmaNazarIra ke sAtha Akara navIna bhava ke yogya sthUla zarIra ke lie pahale pahala yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karanA janma hai / janma ke tIna prakAra haisammUrchana, garbha aura upapAta / mAtA-pitA ke sambandha ke binA hI utpattisthAna meM sthita audArika pudgaloM ko pahale pahala zarIrarUpa me pariNata karanA sammUrchanajanma hai| utpattisthAna me sthita zukra aura zoNita ke pudgaloM ko pahale pahala zarIra ke lie grahaNa karanA garbha-janma hai / utpatisthAna me sthita vaikriya pudgaloM ko pahale pahala zarIrarUpa me pariNata karanA upapAta-janma hai / 32 / yoni-bheda-janma ke lie sthAna Avazyaka hai / jisa sthAna meM pahale pahala sthUla zarIra ke lie grahaNa kiye gae pudgala kArmaNazarIra ke sAtha garama lohe meM

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tattvArtha sUtra [ 2. 32-36 pAnI kI taraha mila jAte hai, usI ko yoni kahate hai / yoni nau prakAra kI haisakti, zIta, saMvRta, acitta, uSNa, vivRta, sacittAcitta, zItoSNa aura saMvRtavikRta / 1. sacitta - jo jIva- pradezo se adhiSThita ho, 2. acitta - jo adhichita na ho, 3. mizra -- jo kucha bhAga me adhiSThita ho, kucha bhAga meM na ho, 4. khota - jisa utpattisthAna meM zIta sparza ho, 5. uSNa -- jisame uSNa sparza ho, 6. mizra - jisake kucha bhAga me zIta kucha bhAga me uSNa sparza ho, 7. saMvRta -- jo utpattisthAna DhakA yA dabA ho, 8. vivRta -- jo DhakA na ho, khulA ho, 9. mizra - jo kucha DhakA tathA kucha khulA ho / tathA 68 kisa-kisa yoni me kauna-kauna se jIva utpanna hote haiM, isakA vivaraNa isa amara hai : jIva nAraka aura deva marmaca manuSya aura tiryaMca zeSa saba arthAt pA~ca sthAvara, tIna vikalendriya aura agarbhaja paJcendriya tiryaca tathA manuSya garmana manuSya aura tiryaca tathA deva ' veba: kAyika ( agnikAyika ) zeSa saba arthAt cAra sthAvara, tIna vikalendriya, agarbhaja paJcendriya tiryaca aura manuSya tathA nAraka nAraka, deva aura ekendriya garbhaja paJcendriya tiryaca aura manuSya zeSa saba arthAt tIna vikalendriya, aparbhana paJcendriya manuSya va tiryaca prazna } yoni acitta mizra ( sacittAcitta ) trividha - sacitta, acitta tathA mizra ( sacittAcitta ) -yoni aura janma me kyA antara hai ? mizra (zItoSNa ) uSNa trividha - zIta, uSNa aura mizra ( zItoSNa ) saMvRta mizra ( saMvRtavivRta ) } vivRta 5. digambara TIkA granthoM meM zIta aura uga yoniyo ke svAmI deva aura nAraka mAne gae haiM / cadanusAra vahA zIta, SNa Adi vividha yoniyoM ke svAbhiyoM meM nAraka jIvo ko na ginakara garbhaja manuSyo aura tiryaco ko ginanA cAhie 1 For Private Personal Use Only

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2. 37-49 ] zarIroM ke viSaya uttara-yoni AdhAra hai aura janma Adheya, arthAt sthUla zarIra ke lie yogya pudgaloM kA prAthamika grahaNa janma hai aura vaha grahaNa jisa jagaha ho vaha yoni hai| prazna-yoniyAM to caurAsI lAkha mAnI jAtI hai, phira yahA~ nau hI kyoM kahI gaIM ? uttara-caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM kA kathana vistAra kI apekSA se kiyA gayA hai| pRthivIkAya Adi jisa-jisa nikAya ke varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza ke taratamabhAvavAle jitane-jitane utpattisthAna hai usa-usa nikAya kI utanI hI yoniyA~ caurAsI lAkha meM ginI gaI hai / yahA~ unhI caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM ke sacitta Adi rUpa se saMkSepa meM nau vibhAga kahe gae hai / 33 / janma ke svAmI-Upara kahe hue tIna prakAra ke janma meM se kauna-kauna-sA janma kina-kina jIvoM kA hotA hai, isakA vibhAga nIce likhe anusAra hai : jarAyuja, aNDaja aura potaja prANiyoM kA garbhajanma hotA hai| deva bora nAraka kA upapAtajanma hotA hai / zeSa saba arthAt pA~ca sthAvara, tIna vikalendriya aura agarbhaja paJcendriya tiryaca tathA manuSya kA sammUrchana janma hotA hai| baNyUba ve hai jo jarAyu se paidA ho, jaise manuSya, gAya, sa, bakarI Adi jAti ke jIva / jarAyu eka prakAra kA jAla ( jhillI ) jaisA AvaraNa hai jo rakta aura mAMsa se bharA hotA hai aura jisameM garbhastha zizu lipaTA rahatA hai / aNDe se paidA honevAle aNDaja hai, jaise sA~pa, mora, ciDiyA, kabUtara Adi jAti ke jIva / jo kisI prakAra ke AvaraNa se veSTita nahI hote ve potaja hai, jaise hAthI, zazaka, neklA, cUhA Adi jAti ke jIva / ye na to jarAyu se hI lipaTe hue paidA hote haiM baura na aNDe se, apitu khule zarIra paidA hote hai / devoM aura nArako ke janma ke lie vizeSa niyata sthAna hotA hai, jise upapAta kahate hai| devazayyA ke Upara kA divyavastra se Acchanna bhAga devo kA upapAta kSetra hai aura vajramaya bhIta kA gavAkSa ( kumbhI) nArako kA upapAta kSetra hai, kyoki isa upapAta kSetra meM sthita vaikriyapudgalo ko ve zarIra ke lie grahaNa karate hai / 34-36 / zarIro ke viSaya audArikavaikriyA''hAra kataijasakArmaNAni zarIrANi / 37 / paraM paraM sUkSmam / 38 / pradezato'saMkhyeyaguNaM' prAk taijasAt / 39 / 1. bhASya kI vRtti me pradeza zabda kA artha 'anantANaka skandha kiyA gayA hai, parantu sarvArthasiddhi Adi meM 'paramANu' artha kiyA gayA hai|

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70 tattvArthasUtra [2. 37-49 anantaguNe pare / 40 / apratighAte / 41 / anAdisambandhe ca / 42 / sarvasya / 43 / tadAdIni bhAjyAni yugapadekasyAcaturvyaH / 44 / nirupabhogamantyam / 45 / garbhasammUrchanajamAdyam / 46 / vaikriyamaupapAtikam / 47 / labdhipratyayaM ca / 48 / zubhaM vizuddhamavyAdhAti cAhArakaM caturdazapUrvadharasyaiva / 49 / audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa aura kArmaNa ye pA~ca prakAra ke zarIra haiN| ina pA~ca prakAroM meM para para arthAt Age-Age kA zarIra pUrva-pUrva se sUkSma hai| taijasa ke pUrvavartI tIna zarIroM meM pUrva-pUrva kI apekSA uttara-uttara zarIra pradezoM ( skandhoM) se asaMkhyAtaguNa hotA hai| paravartI do arthAt taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra pradezoM se anantaguNa hote haiN| taijasa aura kArmaNa donoM zarIra pratighAta-rahita haiM / AtmA ke sAtha anAdi sambandhavAle haiN| saba saMsArI jIvoM ke hote hai / eka sAtha eka jIva ke taijasa aura kArmaNa se lekara cAra taka zarIra vikalpa se hote haiN| antima arthAt kArmaNa zarIra upabhoga ( sukha duHkhAdi ke anubhava ) se rahita hai| 1. isa satra ke bAda 'taijasamapi' satra digambara paramparA me hai, zvetAmbara paramparA me nahIM hai / sarvArthasiddhi Adi meusakA artha isa prakAra hai-'taijasa zarIra bhI labdhijanya hai aryAt jaise vaikriya zarIra labdhi se utpanna kiyA jA makatA hai vaise hI labdhi se taijasa zarIra bhI banAyA jA sakatA hai / isa artha se yaha phalita nahIM hotA ki taijasa zarIra labdhijanya hI hai|

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2. 37-49] zarIro ke viSaya pahalA arthAt audArika zarIra sammUrchanajanma aura garbhajanma se hI hotA hai| vaikriya zarIra upapAtajanma se hotA hai / vaha labdhi se bhI hotA hai| AhAraka zarIra zubha (prazasta pudgala dravyajanya), vizuddha (niSpApa kAryakArI ) aura vyAghAta (bAdhA) rahita hotA hai tathA vaha caudaha pUrvadhArI muni ke hI hotA hai / janma hI zarIra kA Arambha hai, isalie janma ke bAda zarIra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / zarIra se sambandhita aneka praznoM para Age kramazaH vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| zarIra ke prakAra tathA vyAkhyA-dehadhArI jIva ananta hai, unake zarIra bhI alaga-alaga hai / ataH ve vyaktizaH ananta hai / para kArya-kAraNa Adi ke sAdRzya kI dRSTi se saMkSepa meM unake pA~ca prakAra batalAye gae hai, jaise audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa aura kArmaNa / zarIra jIva kA kriyA karane kA sAdhana hai| 1. jo zarIra jalAyA jA sake va jisakA chedana-bhedana ho sake vaha audArika hai| 2. jo zarIra kabhI choTA, kabhI baDA, kabhI patalA, kabhI moTA, kabhI eka, kabhI aneka ityAdi rUpoM ko dhAraNa kara sake vaha vaikriya hai| 3. jo zarIra mAtra caturdazapUrvI muni ke dvArA hI nirmita kiyA jA sake vaha AhAraka hai / 4. jo zarIra tejomaya hone se khAye hue AhAra Adi ke paripAka kA hetu aura dIpti kA nimitta ho vaha taijasa hai / 5 karmasamUha hI kArmaNa zarIra hai / 37 / sthUla-sUkSma bhAva--ukta pA~co zarIro me audArika zarIra sabase adhika syUla hai, vaikriya usase sUkSma hai, AhAraka vaikriya se bhI sUkSma hai| isI taraha AhAraka se taijasa aura taijasa se kArmaNa sUkSma va sUkSmatara hai| prazna-yahA~ sthUla aura sUkSma se kyA tAtparya hai ? uttara-sthUla aura sUkSma kA artha hai racanA kI zithilatA aura saghanatA, parimANa nhii| audArika se vaikriya sUkSma hai, para AhAraka se sthUla hai / isI prakAra AhAraka Adi zarIra bhI pUrva-pUrva kI apekSA sUkSma aura uttara-uttara kI apekSA sthUla hai; arthAt yaha sthUla-sUkSma bhAva apekSAkRta hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki jisa zarIra kI racanA jisa dUsare zarIra kI racanA se zithila ho vaha usase sthUla hai aura dUsarA usase sUkSma hai| racanA kI zithilatA aura saghanatA paudgalika pariNati

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tattvArtha sUtra [ 2. 37-49 para nirbhara hai| pudgaloM meM aneka prakAra ke pariNamana kI zakti hotI hai, ataH parimANa meM alpa hone para bhI jaba ve zithila rUpa meM pariNata hote hai taba sthUla kahalAte hai aura parimANa me bahuta hone para bhI jaise-jaise saghana hote jAte hai vaise-vaise ve sUkSma-sUkSmatara kahalAte hai / udAharaNArtha, bhiDI kI phalI aura hAthI ke dA~ta ko le | donoM samAna AkAra ke hone para bhI bhiDI kI racanA zithila hogI aura dA~ta kI racanA Thosa / isa prakAra parimANa ( AkAra ) tulya hone para bhI spaSTa hai ki bhiDI kI apekSA dA~ta kA paudgalika dravya adhika hai / 38 | 72 prArambhaka yA upAdAna dravya kA parimAraNa - sthUla sUkSma bhAva kI ukta vyAkhyA ke anusAra uttara-uttara zarIra kA Arambhaka dravya pUrva- pUrva zarIra kI apekSA parimANa me adhika hotA hai, yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai, para vaha parimANa jitanAjitanA pAyA jAtA hai usI ko yahA~ do sUtro me batalAyA gayA hai / paramANuoM se bane jina skandhoM se zarIra nirmita hotA hai ve hI skandha zarIra ke Arambhaka dravya hai / jaba taka paramANu alaga-alaga hoM taba taka unase zarIra nahI banatA / paramANupuJja, jo ki skandha kahalAte haiM, se hI zarIra banatA hai / ve skandha bhI ananta paramANuoM ke bane hue hone cAhie / audArika zarIra ke Arambhaka skandhoM se vaikriya zarIra ke Arambhaka skandha asaMkhyAta guNa hote hai, arthAt audArika zarIra ke Arambhaka skandha ananta paramANuoM ke hote hai aura vaikriya zarIra ke Arambhaka skandha bhI ananta paramANuoM ke; para vaikriya zarIra ke skandhagata paramANuoM kI ananta saMkhyA audArika zarIra ke skandhagata paramANuoM kI ananta saMkhyA se asaMkhyAta - guNa adhika hotI hai / yahI adhikatA vaikriya aura AhAraka zarIra ke skandhagata paramANuo kI ananta sakhyA me hotI hai / saMkhyA se taijasa ke skandhagata / AhAraka skandhagata paramANuoM kI ananta paramANuoM kI ananta saMkhyA anantaguNa hotI hai isI taraha taijasa se kArmaNa ke skandhagata paramANu bhI anantaguNa adhika hote hai / isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki pUrva - pUrva zarIra kI apekSA uttara-uttara zarIra kA Arambhaka dravya adhika-adhika hotA hai / phira bhI pariNamana kI vicitratA ke kAraNa hI uttara-uttara zarIra nibiDa, nibiDatara, nibiDatama banatA jAtA hai aura sUvma, sUkSmatara, sUkSmatama kahalAtA hai / prazna- jaba audArika ke skandha bhI ananta paramANuvAle aura vaikriya Adi ke skandha bhI ananta paramANuvAle hai, to phira una skandho meM nyUnAdhikatA kaise samajhI jAya ? uttara--ananta saMkhyA ananta prakAra kI hai / isalie ananta rUpa me samAnatA For Private Personal Use Only

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2. 37-49 ] zarIroM ke viSaya 73 hone para bhI audArika Adi ke skandha se vaikriya Adi ke skandha kA asaMkhyAtaguNa adhika honA asambhava nahIM hai / 39-40 / antima do zarIroM kA svabhAva, kAlamaryAdA aura svAmI-ukta pA~coM zarIroM me se pahale tIna kI apekSA antima do zarIroM meM kucha vizeSatA hai, jo kramazaH tIna sUtroM meM tona bAtoM ke dvArA batalAI gaI hai| svabhAva-taijasa aura kArmaNa ina do zarIroM kA sAre loka me kahI bhI pratighAta nahI hotA arthAt vajra jaisI kaThina vastu bhI unhe praveza karane se roka nahI sakatI, kyoMki ve atyanta sUkSma hai / yadyapi eka mUrta vastu kA dUsarI mUrta vastu se pratighAta hotA hai, tathApi yaha pratighAta kA niyama sthUla vastuoM para lAgU hotA hai, sUkSma para nahI / sUkSma vastu binA rukAvaTa ke sarvatra praveza kara jAtI hai, jaise lauhapiNDa meM agni / prazna-taba to sUkSma hone se vaikriya aura AhAraka ko bhI apratighAtI hI kahanA cAhie? uttara--avazya, ve bhI binA pratighAta ke praveza karate hai / para yahA~ apratighAta kA artha lokAnta paryanta avyAhatagati hai| vaikriya aura AhAraka avyAhatagativAle hai, para taijasa va kArmaNa kI bhA~ti sampUrNa loka me nahI, kintu loka ke viziSTa bhAga arthAt trasanADI meM hii| __ kAlamaryAdA-taijasa aura kArmaNa kA sambandha AtmA ke sAtha pravAharUpa se jaisA anAdi hai vaisA pahale tIna zarIro kA nahI hai, kyoki ve tIno zarIra amuka kAla ke bAda kAyama nahI rahate / isalie audArika Adi tono zarIra kadAcit ( asthAyI ) sambandhavAle kahe jAte hai aura taijasa va kArmaNa anAdi sambandhavAle / prazna---jaba ki ve jIva ke sAtha anAdi sambaddha hai, taba to unakA abhAva kabhI na honA cAhie, kyoMki anAdibhAva' kA nAza nahI hotA? uttara-ukta donoM zarIra vyakti kI apekSA se nahI, pravAha kI apekSA se anAdi hai / ataeva unakA bhI apacaya-upacaya hotA hai| jo bhAvAtmaka padArtha vyaktirUpa se anAdi hotA hai vahI naSTa nahIM hotA, jaise paramANu / svAmI-taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra sabhI saMsArI jIva dhAraNa karate hai, para audArika, vaikriya aura AhAraka zarIra nahI / ata taijasa va kArmaNa ke svAmI sabhI saMsArI jIva hai, jaba ki audArika Adi ke svAmI kucha hI jIva hote hai / prazna-taijasa aura kArmaNa me kucha antara to hogA hI? 1. tulanA kareM-nAsato viyate bhAvo nAbhAvo vidyate stH|-giitaa, 2.16 /

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174 tattvArthasUtra [2. 37-49 uttara-kArmaNa zarIra samasta zarIroM kI jaDa hai, kyoMki vaha karmasvarUpa hai aura karma hI saba kAryo kA nimitta kAraNa hai| taijasa zarIra sabakA kAraNa nahIM / vaha sabake sAtha anAdisambaddha rahakara bhukta-AhAra ke pAcana Adi me sahAyaka hotA hai / 41-43 / eka sAtha labhya zarIroM kI saMkhyA-taijasa aura kArmaNa ye do zarIra sabhI saMsArI jIvoM ke saMsArakAla paryanta avazya hote hai, para audArika Adi badalate rahate hai, isa prakAra ve kamI hote hai aura kabhI nahI / ataeva yaha prazna uThatA hai ki pratyeka jIva ke kama-se-kama aura adhika-se-adhika kitane zarIra ho sakate hai ? isakA uttara prastuta sUtra me diyA gayA hai / eka sAtha eka saMsArI jIva ke kamase-kama do aura adhika-se-adhika cAra zarIra taka ho sakate hai, paoNca kabhI nahI hote / jaba do hote hai taba taijasa aura kArmaNa, kyoMki ye donoM yAvat saMsArabhAvI hai| aisI sthiti antarAla gati me hI pAI jAtI hai, kyoMki usa samaya anya koI zarIra nahIM hotaa| jaba tIna hote hai taba taijasa, kArmaNa aura audArika yA taijasa, kArmaNa aura vaikriya / pahalA prakAra manuSya va tiryaJca meM aura dUsarA prakAra deva va nAraka me janmakAla se maraNa paryanta pAyA jAtA hai| jaba cAra hote hai taba taijasa, kArmaNa, audArika aura vaikriya athavA taijasa, kArmaNa, audArika aura AhAraka / pahalA vikalpa vaikriya-labdhi ke prayoga ke samaya kucha hI manuSyoM tathA tiryacoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| dUsarA vikalpa AhAraka-labdhi ke prayoga ke samaya caturdaza pUrvadhArI muni meM hI hotA hai / pA~ca zarIra eka sAtha kisI ke bhI nahI hote, kyoki vaikriya-labdhi aura AhAraka-labdhi kA prayoga eka sAtha sambhava nahI hai| prazna-ukta rIti se jaba do, tIna yA cAra zarIra hoM taba unake sAtha eka hI samaya me eka jIva kA sambandha kaise ghaTita hogA? uttara-jaise eka hI pradIpa kA prakAza eka sAtha aneka vastuoM para par3a sakatA hai, vaise hI eka jIva ke pradeza aneka zarIroM ke sAtha avicchinna rUpa se sambaddha ho sakate hai| prazna-kyA kisI ke koI eka hI zarIra nahI hotA ? uttara-nahI / sAmAnya siddhAnta yaha hai ki taijasa aura kArmaNa ye do zarIra kabhI alaga nahI hote / ataeva koI eka zarIra kabhI sambhava nahIM, para kisI AcArya kA mata hai ki tejasa zarIra kArmaNa kI taraha yAvat-saMsAra-bhAvI nahIM hai, 1. yaha mata bhASya me nirdiSTa hai /

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2. 37-49 ] zarIroM ke viSaya vaha AhAraka kI taraha labdhijanya hI hai / isa mata ke anusAra antarAla gati meM kevala kArmaNa zarIra hotA hai / ataeva usa samaya eka zarIra kA honA sambhava hai / prazna--jo yaha kahA gayA ki vaikriya aura AhAraka ina do labdhiyoM kA yugapat arthAt eka sAtha prayoga nahIM hotA, isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? uttara-vaikriyalabdhi ke prayoga ke samaya aura usa labdhi se zarIra banA lene para niyama se pramattadazA hotI hai| parantu AhAraka ke viSaya me aisA nahIM hai, kyoMki AhArakalabdhi kA prayoga to pramattadazA me hotA hai, para usase zarIra banA lene ke bAda zuddha adhyavasAya sambhava hone ke kAraNa apramattabhAva pAyA jAtA hai / ataH ukta do labdhiyo kA prayoga eka sAtha asiddha hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki AvirbhAva kI apekSA se yugapat pA~ca zarIro kA na honA kahA gayA hai| zaktirUpa se to pAMcoM zarIra bhI ho sakate hai, kyoki AhArakalabdhivAle muni ke vaikriyalabdhi bhI sambhava hai| 44 / prayojana-pratyeka vastu kA koI-na-koI prayojana hotA hai / isalie zarIra bhI saprayojana hone cAhie, para prazna yaha hai ki unakA mukhya prayojana kyA hai aura vaha saba zarIroM ke lie samAna hai yA kucha vizeSatA bhI hai ? zarIra kA mukhya prayojana upabhoga hai jo pahale cAra zarIroM se siddha hotA hai| kevala antima kArmaNa zarIra se siddha nahIM hotA, isIlie usako nirupabhoga kahA gayA hai| prazna-upabhoga kA kyA artha hai ? uttara-karNa Adi indriyoM se zubha-azubha zabda Adi viSaya grahaNa karake sukhadu.kha kA anubhava karanA; hAtha, pAMva Adi avayavo se dAna, hiMsA Adi zubha-azubha karma kA baMdha karanA; baddhakarma ke zubha-azubha vipAka kA anubhava karanA; pavitra anuSThAna dvArA karma kI nirjarA ( kSaya ) karanA-yaha saba upabhoga kahalAtA hai| prazna-audArika, vaikriya aura AhAraka zarIra sendriya tathA sAvayava hai, isalie ukta prakAra kA upabhoga unase sAdhya ho sakatA hai| para taijasa zarIra na to sendriya hai aura na sAvayava, ata. usase ukta upabhoga kaise sambhava hai ? uttara-yadyapi taijasa zarIra sendriya aura sAvayava ( hastapAdAdiyukta ) nahI hai tathApi usakA upabhoga pAcana Adi aise kArya me ho sakatA hai jisase sukha du kha kA anubhava Adi ukta upabhoga siddha ho / usakA anya kArya zApa aura anugraha bhI hai| arthAt anna-pAcana Adi kArya me taijasa zarIra kA upabhoga to sabhI karate hai, para jo viziSTa tapasvI tapasyAjanya viziSTa labdhi prApta kara 1. yaha vicAra a0 2, sU0 44 kI bhASyavRtti me hai /

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76 tattvArtha sUtra [ 2. 37-49 lete hai ve kupita hokara usa zarIra ke dvArA apane kopabhAjana ko jalA bhI sakate hai aura prasanna hokara usa zarIra se anugraha-pAtra ko zAnti bhI pahu~cA sakate hai / isa prakAra taijasa zarIra kA upabhoga zApa, anugraha Adi me ho sakatA hai, ata. sukhadu.kha kA anubhava, zubhAzubha karma kA bandha Adi usakA upabhoga mAnA gayA hai / prazna --yoM sUkSmatApUrvaka dekhA jAya to kArmaNa zarIra kA bhI, jo ki tejasa ke samAna hI sendriya aura sAvayava nahI hai, upabhoga ho sakegA, kyoMki vahI anya saba zarIroM kI jaDa hai / isalie anya zarIro kA upabhoga vAstava meM kArmaNa kA hI upabhoga mAnanA cAhie, phira use nirupabhoga kyo kahA gayA hai ? uttara--ThIka hai, ukta rIti se kArmaNa bhI sopabhoga avazya hai / yahA~ use nirupabhoga kahane kA abhiprAya itanA hI hai ki jaba taka anya zarIra sahAyaka na hoM taba taka mAtra kArmaNazarIra se ukta prakAra kA upabhoga sAdhya nahIM ho sakatA; arthAt ukta viziSTa upabhoga ko siddha karane me audArika Adi cAra zarIra sAkSAt sAdhana hai / isIlie ve sopabhoga kahe gae hai aura paramparayA sAdhana hone se kArmaNa ko nirupabhoga kahA gayA hai / 45 / janmasiddhatA aura kRtrimatA - eka prazna yaha bhI uThatA hai ki kitane zarIra janmasiddha hai aura kitane kRtrima hai tathA janmasiddha me kauna-sA zarIra kisa janma se paidA hotA hai aura kRtrima hone kA kAraNa kyA hai ? isI prazna kA uttara yahA~ cAra sUtroM me diyA gayA hai / aura devo tathA nArakoM ke hI taijasa aura kArmaNa ye do zarIra na to janmasiddha hai aura na kRtrima arthAt ve janma ke bAda bhI hote hai, phira bhI anAdisambaddha hai / audArika janmasiddha hI hai jo garbha tathA sammUrchana ina do janmoM se paidA hotA hai tathA jisake svAmI manuSya aura tiryaJca hai / vaikriya zarIra janmasiddha aura kRtrima do prakAra kA hai / jo janmasiddha hai vaha upapAtajanma ke dvArA paidA hotA hai hotA hai / kRtrima vaikriya zarIra kA kAraNa labdhi hai / labdhi eka prakAra kI tapojanya zakti hai, jo kucha hI garbhaja manuSyoM aura tiryaJcoM meM sambhava hai / isalie vaisI labdhi se honevAle vaikriya zarIra ke adhikArI garbhaja manuSya aura tiryaJca hI hai / kRtrima vaikriya zarIra kI kAraNabhUta eka anya prakAra kI bhI labdhi hai, jo tapojanya na hokara janma se hI milatI hai / aisI labdhi kucha bAdara vAyukAyika jIvoM meM hI mAnI gaI hai / isalie ve bhI labdhijanya (kRtrima) vaikriya zarIra ke adhikArI hai / AhAraka zarIra kRtrima hI hai / isakA kAraNa viziSTa labdhi hI hai, jo manuSya ke sivAya anya jAtiyo me nahI hotI aura manuSya me bhI viziSTa muni ke hI hotI hai / prazna-kauna se viziSTa muni ke hotI hai ? For Private Personal Use Only

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77 2. 50-51 ] veda (liMga) ke prakAra uttara-caturdaza pUrvadhArI muni ke hotI hai / prazna-ve usa labdhi kA prayoga kaba aura kisalie karate hai ? uttara-kisI sUkSma viSaya mai sandeha hone para usake nivAraNa ke lie arthAt jaba kabhI kisI caturdaza pUrvadhArI muni ko gahana viSaya me sandeha ho aura sarvajJa kA sannidhAna na ho taba ve audArika zarIra se kSetrAntara me jAnA asambhava dekhakara apanI viziSTa labdhi kA prayoga karate hai aura hastapramANa choTA-sA zarIra banAte hai, jo zubha pudgala-janya hone se sundara hotA hai, prazasta uddezya se banAye jAne ke kAraNa niravadya hotA hai aura atyanta sUkSma hone ke kAraNa avyAghAtI arthAt kisI ko rokanevAlA yA kisI se rukanevAlA nahIM hotaa| aise zarIra se ve kSetrAntara me sarvajJa ke nikaTa pahu~cakara apane sandeha kA nivAraNa kara phira apane sthAna para lauTa Ate hai| yaha kArya kevala antarmuhUrta me ho jAtA hai / prazna-anya koI zarIra labdhijanya nahI hai ? uttr-nhii| prazna-zApa aura anugraha ke dvArA taijasa kA jo upabhoga batalAyA gayA, usase to vaha labdhijanya spaSTa mAlUma hotA hai, phira anya koI zarIra labdhijanya nahI hai, aisA kyoM ? uttara-yahA~ labdhijanya kA artha utpatti hai, prayoga nahI / taijasa kI utpatti labdhi se nahIM hotI, jaise vaikriya aura AhAraka kI hotI hai, para usakA prayoga kabhI-kabhI labdhi se kiyA jAtA hai| isI Azaya se taijasa zarIra ko yahA~ labdhijanya ( kRtrima ) nahIM kahA gayA / 46-49 / veda ( liMga ) ke prakAra nArakasammUchino napuMsakAni / 50 / na devAH / 51 / nAraka aura saMmUchima napuMsaka hI hote hai / deva napuMsaka nahIM hote| zarIroM ke varNana ke bAda veda yA liga kA prazna uThatA hai / isI kA spaSTI. karaNa yahA~ kiyA gayA hai / cihna ko liga kahate hai / vaha tIna prakAra kA hai / yaha bAta pahale audayika bhAvo kI sakhyA batalAte samaya kahI jA cukI hai|' 1. dekheM-a0 2, sU06 /

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78 tattvArthasUtra [2. 52 liga tIna hai-puliga, strIliMga aura napusakaliMga / liMga kA dUsarA nAma veda bhI hai| ye tIno veda dravya aura bhAva rUpa se do-do prakAra ke hai / ' dravyaveda arthAt Upara kA cihna aura bhAvaveda arthAt abhilASA-vizeSa / 1 jisa cihna se puruSa kI pahacAna hotI hai vaha dravya-puruSaveda hai aura strI ke saMsarga-sukha kI abhilASA bhAva-puruSaveda hai| 2 strI kI pahacAna kA sAdhana dravya-strIveda aura puruSa ke saMsarga-sukha kI abhilASA bhAva-strIveda hai| 3. jisameM kucha strI ke cihna aura kucha puruSa ke cihna ho vaha dravya-napusakaveda aura strI-puruSa donoM ke saMsarga-sukha kI abhilASA bhAva-napusakaveda hai| dravyaveda paudgalika AkRtirUpa hai jo nAmakarma ke udaya kA phala hai / bhAvaveda eka manovikAra hai jo mohanIya karma ke udaya kA phala hai / dravyaveda aura bhAvaveda me sAdhya-sAdhana yA poSya-poSaka kA sambandha hai| bibhAga--nAraka aura sammUrchima jIvoM ke napusakaveda hotA hai| devo ke napusakaveda nahIM hotA, zeSa do hote hai / zeSa saba arthAt garbhaja manuSyoM tathA tiryaJcoM ke tInoM veda hote hai / vikAra kI taratamatA-puruSa-veda kA vikAra sabase kama sthAyI hotA hai / strIveda kA vikAra usase adhika sthAyI aura napusaka-veda kA vikAra strIveda ke vikAra se bhI adhika sthAyI hotA hai / yaha bAta upamAna se isa taraha samajhI jA sakatI hai : puruSaveda kA vikAra ghAsa kI agni ke samAna hai jo zIghra zAnta ho jAtA hai aura prakaTa bhI zIghra hotA hai| strI veda kA vikAra aMgAre ke samAna hai jo jaldI zAnta nahI hotA aura prakaTa bhI jaldI nahI hotaa| napusakaveda kA vikAra santapta IMTa ke samAna hai jo bahuta dera me zAnta hotA hai tathA prakaTa bhI bahuta dera me hotA hai| strI me komala bhAva mukhya hai jise kaThora tattva kI apekSA rahatI hai| puruSa me kaThora bhAva mukhya hai jise komala tattva kI apekSA rahatI hai| para napusaka me donoM bhAvoM kA mizraNa hone se use donoM tattvoM kI apekSA rahatI hai / 50-51 / AyuSa ke prakAra aura unake svAmI aupapAtikacaramadehottamapuruSA'saMkhyeyavarSAyuSo'napavAyuSaH / 52 / aupapAtika (nAraka aura deva ), caramazarIrI, uttamapuruSa aura asaMkhyAtavarSajIvI-ye anapavartanIya AyuvAle hI hote haiM / 1. dravya aura bhAva veda kA pArasparika sambandha tathA tatsambandhI anya Avazyaka bAteM jAnane ke lie dekheM-hindI cauthA karmagrantha, pR0 53 kI ttippnnii|

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2 52] veda (liMga) ke prakAra yuddha Adi viplava me hajAroM naujavAnoM ko eka sAtha marate dekhakara aura bUDhe tathA jarjara dehavAlo ko bhI bhayAnaka vipadAo se bacate dekhakara yaha sandeha hotA hai ki kyA akAlamRtyu bhI hai, jisase aneka loga eka sAtha mara jAte hai aura koI nahI bhI maratA ? isakA uttara hA~ aura nA me yahA~ diyA gayA hai / Ayu ke do prakAra hai- apavartanIya aura anapavartanIya / jo Ayu bandhakAlIna sthiti ke pUrNa hone se pahale hI zIghra bhogI jA sake vaha apavartanIya hai aura jo Ayu bandhakAlIna sthiti ke pUrNa hone se pahale na bhogI jA sake vaha anapavartanIya hai, arthAt jisa Ayu kA bhogakAla bandhakAlIna sthitimaryAdA se kama ho vaha apavartanIya aura jisakA bhogakAla ukta maryAdA ke samAna hI ho vaha anapavartanIya hai| apavartanIya aura anapavartanIya Ayu kA bandha svAbhAvika nahI hai kintu pariNAma ke tAratamya para avalambita hai| bhAvI janma kI Ayu vartamAna janma me nirmANa kI jAtI hai| usa samaya yadi pariNAma manda hoM to Ayu kA bandha zithila ho jAtA hai, jisase nimitta milane para bandhakAlIna kAlamaryAdA ghaTa jAtI hai / isake viparIta yadi pariNAma tIvra hoM to Ayu kA bandha gAr3ha hotA hai, jisase nimitta milane para bhI bandhakAlIna kAlamaryAdA nahI ghaTatI aura na Ayu eka sAtha bhogI jA sakatI hai| jaise atyanta dRDha hokara khaDe puruSo kI paMkti abhedya aura zithila rUpa me khar3e puruSoM kI pakti bhedya hotI hai, athavA jaise saghana boye hue bIjoM ke paudhe pazuo ke lie duSpravezya aura dUra-dUra boye hue bIjoM ke paudhe supravezya hote hai, vaise hI tIvra pariNAma se gADha rUpa meM baddha Ayu zastra-viSa Adi kA prayoga hone para bhI apanI niyata kAlamaryAdA se pahale pUrNa nahI hotI aura manda pariNAma se zithila rUpa meM baddha Ayu ukta prayoga hote hI apanI niyata kAlamaryAdA samApta hone ke pahale hI antarmuhUrta mAtra me bhoga lI jAtI hai / Ayu ke isa zIghra bhoga ko hI apavartanA yA akAlamRtyu kahate hai aura niyata sthiti ke bhoga ko anapavartanA yA kAlamRtyu kahate hai / apavartanIya Ayu sopakramaupakrama sahita hI hotI hai| tIvra zastra, tIvra viSa, tIvra agni Adi jina nimittoM se akAlamRtyu hotI hai unakA prApta honA upakrama hai / yaha apavartanIya Ayu ke avazya hotA hai, kyoki vaha Ayu niyama se kAlamaryAdA samApta hone ke pahale hI bhogane yogya hotI hai| parantu anapavartanIya Ayu sopakrama aura nirupakrama do prakAra kI hotI hai arthAt usa Ayu ko akAlamRtyu lAnevAle ukta nimittoM kA sannidhAna hotA bhI hai aura nahI bhI hotaa| ukta nimittoM kA sannidhAna hone para bhI anapavartanIya Ayu niyata kAlamaryAdA ke pahale pUrNa nahIM

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80 tattvArtha sUtra [ 2.52 hotI / sArAza yaha hai ki apavartanIya AyuvAle prANiyoM ko zastra Adi koI-nakoI nimitta mila hI jAtA hai jisase ve akAla meM hI mara jAte hai aura anapavartanIya AyuvAloM ko kaisA bhI prabala nimitta kyoM na mile, ve akAla me nahI marate / zradhikArI- - upapAta janmavAle nAraka aura deva hI hote hai / manuSya hI caramadeha tathA uttamapuruSa hote haiM / binA janmAntara ke usI zarIra se mokSa pAnevAle caramadeha kahalAte hai / tIrthaMkara, cakravartI, vAsudeva Adi uttamapuruSa kahalAte hai / asaMkhyAtavarSajIvI kucha manuSya aura kucha tiryaca hI hote hai / " iname se aupapAtika aura asaMkhyAtavarSajIvI nirupakrama anapavartanIya AyuvAle hI hote haiM / caramadeha aura uttamapuruSa sopakrama anapavartanIya tathA nirupakrama anapavartanIya donoM AyuvAle hote hai / inake atirikta zeSa sabhI manuSya va tiryaca apavartanIya AyuvAle hote hai / prazna - niyata kAlamaryAdA ke pahale Ayu kA bhoga ho jAne se kRtanAza, akRtAgama aura niSphalatA ye doSa lageMge, jo zAstra me iSTa nahI hai; inakA nivAraNa kaise hogA ? uttara - zIghra bhoga hone me ukta doSa nahI hai, kyoMki jo karma cirakAla taka bhogA jA sakatA hai vaha eka sAtha bhoga liyA jAtA hai / usakA koI bhI bhAga binA vipAkAnubhava ke nahI chUTatA / isalie na to kRtakarma kA nAza hai aura na baddhakarma kI niSphalatA hI hai / isI prakAra mRtyu karmAnusAra hI AtI hai, ataeva akRtakarma kA Agama bhI nahI hai / jaise ghAsa kI saghanarAzi me eka ora se choTA agnikaNa chor3a diyA jAya to vaha agnikaNa eka-eka tinake ko kramazaH jalAte hue usa sArI rAzi ko kucha dera meM bhasma kara sakatA hai / ve hI agnikaNa ghAsa kI zithila rAzi meM cAroM ora se chor3a diye jAya~ to eka sAtha use jalA DAlate hai / isa bAta ke vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa ke lie zAstra meM aura bhI do dRSTAnta diye gae hai : pahalA gaNitakriyA kA aura dUsarA vastra sukhAne kA / jaise kisI viziSTa saMkhyA kA laghutama cheda nikAlanA ho to gaNitaprakriyA meM isake lie aneka upAya hai / nipuNa gaNitajJa aisI rIti kA upayoga karatA hai ki bahuta zIghra abhISTa 1. asaMkhyAtavarSajIvI manuSya tIsa akarmabhUmiyo, chappana antadvIpo aura karmabhUmiyoM me utpanna yugalika hI haiM / parantu asaMkhyAtavarSajIvI tiryaca to ukta kSetro ke atirikta DhAI dvIpa ke bAhara ke dvIpa - samudro me bhI hote hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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2. 52] veda ( liMga ) ke prakAra pariNAma nikala AtA hai aura dUsarA sAdhAraNa jAnakAra manuSya bhAgAkAra Adi vilamba-sAdhya kriyA dvArA derI se abhISTa pariNAma nikAla pAtA hai / pariNAma tulya hone para bhI dakSa gaNitajJa use zIghra nikAla letA hai aura sAdhAraNa gaNitajJa derI se nikAlatA hai / isI taraha samAna rUpa me bhIge hue do kapar3oM meM se eka ko sameTakara aura dUsare ko phailAkara sukhAne para pahalA derI se sUkhatA hai aura dUsarA jaldI / pAnI kA parimANa aura zoSaNakriyA samAna hone para bhI kapar3e ke saMkoca aura vistAra ke kAraNa sUkhane meM derI aura jaldo kA antara par3atA hai / samAna parimANayukta apavartanIya aura anapavartanIya Ayu ke bhogane me bhI kevala derI aura jaldI kA hI antara par3atA hai| isalie kRta kA nAza Adi ukta doSa nahI Ate / 52 /

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adholoka-madhyaloka dvitIya adhyAya me gati kI apekSA se saMsArI jIvoM ke nAraka, manuSya, tica aura deva aise cAra prakAra kahe gae hai / sthAna, Ayu, avagAhanA Adi ke varNana dvArA unakA vizeSa svarUpa tIsare aura cauthe adhyAya me nirUpita hai / prastuta tRtIya adhyAya meM nAraka, tiryaMca aura manuSya kA varNana hai / nArakoM kA varNana ratnazarkarAvAlukApaGkadhUmatamomahAtamaHprabhA bhUmayo ghanAmbuvAtAkAzapratiSThAH saptAdho'dhaH pRthutraaH|1| tAsu narakAH / 2 / nityAzubhataralezyApariNAmadehavedanAvikriyAH / 3 / parasparodIritaduHkhAH / 4 / saMkliSTAsurodIritaduHkhAzca prAkcaturthyAH / 5 / teSvekatrisaptadazasaptadazadvAviMzatitrayastriMzatsAgaropamAH sattvAnAM parA sthitiH|6| ratnaprabhA, zarkarAprabhA, vAlukAprabhA, paGkaprabhA, dhUmaprabhA, tamaHprabhA aura mahAtamaHprabhA ye sAta bhUmiyA~ haiM / ye bhUmiyA~ ghanAmbu, vAta aura AkAza para sthita haiM, eka-dUsare ke nIce haiM aura nIce ko ora adhikaadhika vistIrNa haiN| una bhUmiyoM meM naraka haiN| ve naraka nitya ( nirantara ) azubhatara lezyA, pariNAma, deha, vedanA aura vikriyA vAle haiN| paraspara utpanna kiye gae duHkhavAle haiM / cauthI bhUmi se pahale arthAt tIna bhUmiyoM taka saMkliSTa asuroM ke dvArA utpanna kiye gae duHkhavAle bhI hai| una narakoM meM sthita prANiyoM kI ukRSTa sthiti kramazaH eka, tIna, sAta, dasa, sataraha, bAIsa aura taiMtIsa sAgaropama hai|

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3.1-6] nArako kA varNana 83 loka ke adhaH, madhya aura Urdhva tIna bhAga hai| adhobhAga meruparvata ke samatala ke nIce nau sau yojana kI gaharAI ke bAda ginA jAtA hai, jo AkAza meM audhe kiye hue sakore ke samAna hai arthAt nIce-nIce vistIrNa hai| samatala ke nIce tathA Upara ke nau sau-nau sau yojana arthAt kula aThAraha sau yojana kA madhyaloka hai, jo AkAra me jhAlara ke samAna barAbara AyAma-viSkambha ( lambAIcauDAI ) vAlA hai / madhyaloka ke Upara Urdhvaloka hai jo AkAra meM pakhAvaja ( mRdaGgavizeSa ) ke samAna hai| ___ nArako ke nivAsasthAna adholoka meM hai jahA~ ko bhUmiyA~ 'narakabhUmi' kahalAtI hai| ye bhUmiyA~ sAta hai jo samazreNi me na hokara eka-dUsarI ke nIce hai| unakA AyAma ( lambAI ) aura viSkambha ( cauDAI ) samAna nahI hai, kintu nIcenIce kI bhUmi kI lambAI-cauDAI adhika-adhika hai; arthAt pahalI bhUmi se dUsarI kI lambAI-cauDAI adhika hai, dUsarI se tIsarI kI / isI prakAra chaThI se sAtavIM taka kI lambAI-caur3AI adhika-adhika hotI gaI hai| ye sAtoM bhUmiyA~ eka-dUsarI ke nIce hai, kintu vilakula saTI huI nahIM haiM, eka-dUsarI ke bIca bahuta antara hai / isa antara me ghanodadhi, ghanavAta, tanuvAta aura AkAza kramazaH nIce-nIce hai arthAt pahalI naraka bhUmi ke nIce ghanodadhi hai, isake nIce ghanavAta, dhanavAta ke nIce tanuvAta aura tanuvAta ke nIce AkAza hai| AkAza ke bAda dUsarI narakabhUmi hai / dUsarI bhUmi aura tIsarI bhUmi ke bIca bhI kramazaH ghanodadhi Adi hai| isI taraha sAtavI bhUmi taka saba bhUmiyoM ke nIce usI krama se ghanodadhi Adi hai / ' UAra kI apekSA nIce kA pRthvIpiMDa-bhUmi 1. bhagavatIsUtra me loka sthiti kA svarUpa varNana bahuta spaSTa rUpa meM isa prakAra hai "trasa-rathAvarAdi prANiyo kA AdhAra pRthvI hai, pRthvI kA AdhAra udadhi hai, udadhi kA AdhAra vAyu hai aura vAyu kA AdhAra AkAza hai| bAyu ke AdhAra para udadhi aura usake AdhAra para pRthvI kaise Thahara sakatI hai ? isa prazna kA spaSTIkaraNa yaha hai : koI puruSa camaDe kI mazaka ko havA bharakara phulA de| phira usake muha ko camaDe ke phIte se maubata gaoNTha dekara baoNdha de| isa maraka ke bIca ke bhAga ko bhI baoNdha de| aisA karane se mazaka meM bhare hue pavana ke do bhAga ho jAeMge, jisase mazaka DugaDugI jaisI lgegii| taba marAka kA muMha kholakara Upara ke bhAga me se havA nikAla de aura usakI jagaha pAnI bhara kara phira mazaka kA muha banda kara de aura bIca kA bandhana khola de| phira aisA lagegA ki jo pAnI mazaka ke Upara ke bhAga me bharA gayA hai vaha Upara ke bhAga me hI rahegA arthAt vAyu ke Upara ke bhAga meM hI rahegA, vAyu ke Upara hI ThaharegA, nIce nahI jA sakatA, kyoki Upara ke bhAga me jo pAnI hai, usakA AdhAra mazaka ke nIce ke bhAga kI vAyu hai| jaise mazaka meM havA ke AdhAra para pAnI Upara rahatA hai vaise hI pRthvI Adi bhI havA ke AdhAra para pratiSThita hai|" dekheM-bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 1, uddezaka 6 /

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tattvArtha sUtra [ 3. 1-6 ko moTAI arthAt Upara se lekara nIce ke tala taka kA bhAga kama-krama hai / prathama bhUmi kI moTAI eka lAkha assI hajAra yojana, dUsarI kI eka lAkha battIsa hajAra, tIsarI kI eka lAkha aTThAIsa hajAra, cauthI kI eka lAkha bIsa hajAra, pA~cavI kI eka lAkha aThAraha hajAra, chaThI kI eka lAkha solaha hajAra tathA sAtavI kI eka lAkha ATha hajAra yojana hai / sAto bhUmiyo ke nIce jo sAta ghanodadhi-valaya hai una sabakI moTAI samAna arthAt bIsa-bIsa hajAra yojana hai aura jo sAta ghanavAta tathA sAta tanuvAta-valaya hai unakI moTAI sAmAnya rUpa se asaMkhyAta yojana kI hone para bhI tulya nahI hai, arthAt prathama bhUmi ke nIce ke ghanavAta-valaya tathA tanuvAta valaya kI asaMkhyAta yojana kI moTAI se dUsarI bhUmi ke nIce ke ghanavAta valaya tathA tanuvAta - valaya kI asaMkhyAta yojana kI moTAI vizeSa hai / isI krama se uttarottara chaThI bhUmi ke ghanavAta-tanuvAtavalaya se sAtavI bhUmi ke ghanavAta-tanuvAtavalaya kI moTAI vizeSa - vizeSa hai / yahI bAta AkAza ke viSaya meM bhI hai / 84 pahalI bhUmi ratnapradhAna hone se ratnaprabhA kahalAtI hai / isI taraha dUsarI zarkarA ( kaMkaDa ) ke sadRza hone se zarkarAprabhA hai / tIsarI vAlukA ( retI ) kI mukhyatA hone se vAlukAprabhA hai / cauthI paGka ( kIcaDa ) kI adhikatA hone se paGkaprabhA hai / pA~cavI dhUma ( dhUeN ) kI adhikatA hone se dhUmaprabhA hai / chaThI tamaH ( aMdhakAra ) kI vizeSatA se tama prabhA aura sAtavI mahAtama: ( ghanaandhakAra ) kI pracuratA se mahAtama prabhA hai / ina sAto ke nAma kramaza. gharmA, vaMzA, zailA, aJjanA, riSTA, mAghavyA aura mAvavI hai / nIce kA tIsarA tInoM kANDoM kI ratnaprabhA bhUmi ke tIna kANDa ( hisse ) hai / sabase Upara kA prathama kharakANDa ratnapracura hai, jo moTAI me 16 hajAra yojana hai / usake nIce kA dUsarA kANDa pabahula hai, jisakI moTAI 84 hajAra yojana hai / usake kANDa jalabahula hai, jisakI moTAI 80 hajAra yojana hai / moTAI kula milAkara 1 lAkha 80 hajAra yojana hotI hai / dUsarI se lekara sAtavI bhUmi taka aise kANDa nahI hai, kyoki uname zarkarA, vAlukA Adi padArtha sarvatra eka-se hai / ratnaprabhA kA prathama kANDa dUsare para aura dUsarA tosare para sthita hai / tIsarA kANDa ghanodadhivalaya para, ghanodadhi ghanavAtavalaya para, ghanavAta tanuvAtavalaya para aura tanuvAta AkAza para pratiSThita hai / parantu AkAza kisI para sthita na hokara Atma-pratiSThita hai, kyoki AkAza ko svabhAvata dUsare AdhAra kI apekSA nahI hotI / dUsarI bhUmi kA AdhAra usakA ghanodadhivalaya hai, vaha apane nIce ke ghanavAtavalaya para Azrita hai, ghanavAta apane nIce ke tanuvAta para Azrita hai, For Private Personal Use Only

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3. 1-6 ] nArakoM kA varNana ri tanuvAta nIce ke AkAza para pratiSThita hai aura AkAza svAzrita hai / yahI krama sAtavI bhUmi taka pratyeka bhUmi aura usake ghanodadhivalaya kI sthiti kA hai / Upara-Upara kI bhUmi se nIce-nIce kI bhUmi kA bAhulya kama hone para bhI usakA AyAma - niSkambha baDhatA jAtA hai, isalie unakA saMsthAna chatrAtichatravat arthAt uttarottara pRthu pRthutara ( vistIrNa - vistIrNatara ) kahA gayA hai / 1 / sAta bhUmiyoM kI jitanI - jitanI moTAI Upara kahI gaI hai, usake Upara tathA nIce ke eka-eka hajAra yojana ko choDakara zeSa madhyabhAga me narakAvAsa hai, jaise ratnaprabhA kI 1 lAkha 80 hajAra yojana moTAI me se Upara-nIce eka-eka hajAra yojana choDakara bIca ke 1 lAkha 78 hajAra yojana ke hisse meM naraka hai / yahI krama sAtatrI bhUmi taka hai / narakoM ke raurava, raudra, ghAtana, zocana Adi azubha nAma hai, jinako sunane mAtra se bhaya hotA hai / ratnaprabhA ke sImAntaka nAmaka narakAvAsa se lekara mahAtama prabhA ke apratiSThAna nAmaka narakAvAsa taka ke sabhI narakAvAsa vajra ke chure ke sadRza talavAle hai / saMsthAna ( AkAra ) sabakA samAna nahI haiM-- kucha gola hai, kucha trikoNa hai, kucha catuSkoNa hai, kucha hA~DI jaise hai aura kucha lohe ke ghar3e jaise hai / prastara ( pratara ) jo ki maMjilavAle ghara ke tale ke samAna hai, unakI saMkhyA isa prakAra hai - ratnaprabhA me prastara hai / isa prakAra nIce kI pratyeka bhUmi me prabhA bhUmi meM eka hI prastara hai / inhI prastaro me teraha aura zarkarAprabhA meM gyAraha do-do ghaTate hue sAtavI mahAtama:naraka hai / narakAvAsoM kI saMkhyA prathama bhUmi me tIsa lAkha, dUsarI me pacIsa lAkha, tIsarI meM pandraha lAkha, cauthI me dasa lAkha, pA~cavI me tIna lAkha, chaThI meM pA~ca kama eka lAkha aura sAtavI me kevala pA~ca narakAvAsa hai / prazna -- prastaroM meM naraka kahane kA kyA prayojana hai ? uttara--eka prastara aura dUsare prastara ke bIca jo avakAza ( antara ) hai usame naraka nahI hai, kintu pratyeka prastara kI tIna-tIna hajAra yojana kI moTAI me ye vividha saMsthAnavAle naraka hai / prazna - naraka aura nAraka me kyA sambandha hai ? uttara - nAraka jIva hai aura naraka unake sthAna hai / naraka nAmaka sthAna ke sambandha se hI ve jIva nAraka kahalAte hai / 2 / pahalI bhUmi se dUsarI aura dUsarI se tIsarI isI prakAra sAtavI bhUmi taka ke naraka azubha, azubhatara, azubhatama racanAvAle hai / isI prakAra una narakoM meM sthita nArako kI lezyA, pariNAma, deha, vedanA aura vikriyA bhI uttarottara azubha hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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86 tattvArthasUtra [ 3. 1-6 _ lezyA-ratnaprabhA me kApota lezyA hai| zarkarAprabhA me bhI kApota hai, para ratnaprabhA se adhika tIvrasaMklezakArI hai| vAlukAprabhA me kApota-nIla lezyA hai / paGkaprabhA me nIla lezyA hai / dhUmaprabhA me nIla-kRSNa lezyA hai, tama.prabhA meM kRSNa lezyA hai aura mahAtama.prabhA me bhI kRSNa lezyA hai, para tama.prabhA se tIvratama hai| pariNAma - varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza, zabda, sasthAna Adi aneka prakAra ke paudgalika pariNAma sAto bhUmiyoM me uttarottara azubha hai| zarIra-sAto bhUmiyo ke nArakoM ke zarIra azubha nAmakarma ke udaya se uttarottara azubha varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza, zabda, saMsthAnavAle tathA azucipUrNa aura bIbhatsa hai| vedanA-sAto bhUmiyoM ke nArako kI vedanA uttarottara tova hai / pahalI tIna bhUmiyoM me uSNa vedanA, cauthI me uSNa-zIta, pA~cavI me zItoSNa, chaThI me zIta aura sAtavI meM zItatara vedanA hai / yaha uSNa aura zIta vedanA itanI tIvra hai ki nAraka jIva yadi martyaloka kI bhayaMkara garabhI yA ThaNDa meM A jAye to unhe bar3e sukha ko nIda A sakatI hai| vikriyA-unakI vikriyA bhI uttarottara azubha hotI hai / ve duHkha se ghabarA kara chuTakAre ke lie prayatna karate hai, para hotA hai ulaTA / sukha ke sAdhana juTAne meM unako du kha ke sAdhana hI prApta hote hai| ve vaikriyalabdhi se banAne lagate hai kucha zubha, kintu bana jAtA hai azubha hI / prazna-lezyA Adi azubhatara bhAvo ko nitya kahane kA prayojana kyA hai ? uttara-nitya arthAt nirantara / gati, jAti, zarIra aura aGgopAGga nAmakarma ke udaya se narakagati me lezyA Adi bhAva jIvana-paryanta azubha hI bane rahate hai, bIca meM eka pala kA bhI antara nahI par3atA aura na kabhI ve zubha hI hote hai / 3 / eka to naraka me kSetra-svabhAva se saradI-garamI kA bhayaMkara duHkha hai hI,bhUkhapyAsa kA duHkha to aura bhI bhayaMkara hai / bhUkha itanI satAtI hai ki agni kI bhAMti sarva-bhakSaNa se bhI zAnta nahI hotI, apitu aura bhI baDhatI jAtI hai / pyAsa itanI lagatI hai ki cAhe jitanA jala piyA jAya to bhI tRpti nahI hotI / isake atirikta bar3A bhArI du kha to ApasI vaira aura mArapITa kA hai / jaise kauA aura ullU tathA sAMpa aura nevalA janmajAta zatru hai, vaise hI nAraka jIva janmajAta zatru hote hai| isalie ve eka-dUsare ko dekhakara kutto kI taraha Apasa me laDate hai, kATate hai aura gusse se jalate hai; isIlie ve parasparajanita du.khavAle kahe gae hai / 4 / nArako me tIna prakAra ko vedanA mAnI gaI hai, jiname kSetrasvabhAvajanya aura

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3. 1-6 ] nArakoM kA varNana parasparajanya vedanAoM kA varNana Upara A gayA hai / tIsarI vedanA utkaTa adharmajanya hai / prathama do vedanAe~ sAtoM bhUmiyoM meM sAdhAraNa hai / tIsarI vedanA kevala pahalI tIna bhUmiyoM meM hotI hai, kyoMki unhIM bhUmiyoM meM paramAdhArmika asura hai / ye bahuta krUra svabhAvavAle aura pAparata hote haiM / inakI amba, ambarISa Adi pandraha jAtiyA~ hai / ye svabhAvataH itane nirdaya aura kutUhalI hote hai ki inheM dUsaroM ko satAne meM hI Ananda AtA hai / isalie nArako ko ye aneka prakAra ke prahAroM se dukhI karate rahate hai / unhe Apasa me kuttoM, bhaisoM aura malloM kI taraha lar3Ate hai / nArako ko Apasa meM lar3ate, mAra-pITa karate dekhakara inhe bar3A Ananda AtA hai / yadyapi ye paramAdhArmika eka prakAra ke deva hai, inhe aura bhI aneka prakAra ke sukha-sAdhana prApta hai, tathApi pUrvajanmakRta tIvra doSa ke kAraNa inheM dUsaroM ko satAne me hI prasannatA hotI hai / nAraka bhI becAre karmavaza asahAya hokara sampUrNa jIvana tIvra vedanAoM ke anubhava meM hI bitAte hai | vedanA kitanI hI adhika ho, para nArakoM ke lie na to koI zaraNa hai aura anapavartanIya Ayu ke kAraNa jIvana bhI jaldI samApta nahI hotA / 5 / nArakoM kI sthiti - pratyeka gati ke jIvoM kI sthiti ( AyumaryAdA ) jaghanya aura utkRSTa do prakAra kI hai / jisase kama na ho vaha jaghanya aura jisase adhika na ho vaha utkRSTa sthiti hai / yahA~ nArakoM kI utkRSTa sthiti kA hI nirdeza hai / jaghanya sthiti kA varNana Age kiyA jAyagA / " pahalI bhUmi meM eka sAgaropama kI, dUsarI meM tIna, tIsarI meM sAta, cauthI me dasa, pA~cavI meM sataraha, chaThI meM bAIsa aura sAtavI meM taitIsa sAgaropama kI utkRSTa Ayu-sthiti kahI gaI hai / yahA~ adholoka kA sAmAnya varNana pUrA hotA hai / isame do bAteM vizeSa jJAtavya hai - gati - Agati aura dvIpa samudra Adi kI sambhAvanA | 87 gati - asaMjJI prANI marane para pahalI bhUmi meM utpanna ho sakate hai / bhujaparisarpa pahalI do bhUmiyo taka, pakSI tIna bhUmiyo taka, siMha cAra bhUmiyoM taka, uraga pA~ca bhUmiyoM taka, strI chaH bhUmiyoM taka aura matsya va manuSya sAtavI bhUmi taka jA sakate hai / sArAza yaha hai ki tiryaca aura manuSya hI naraka-bhUmi meM paidA ho sakate hai, deva aura nAraka nahI / kAraNa yaha hai ki uname vaise adhyavasAya kA abhAva hotA hai / nAraka marakara punaH tatkAla na to naraka gati meM hI paidA hote hai aura na deva gati me / ve tiryaMca evaM manuSya gati meM hI paidA ho sakate hai / pragati -- pahalI tIna bhUmiyoM ke nAraka jIva manuSya gati meM Akara tIrthaGkara pada taka prApta kara sakate hai / cAra bhUmiyoM ke nAraka jIva manuSya gati meM Akara 1. dekheM - a0 4, mU0 43-44 / For Private Personal Use Only

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88 tattvArthasUtra [ 3. 7-18 nirvANa bhI prApta kara sakate hai / pA~ca bhUmiyoM ke nAraka manuSya gati meM saMyama dhAraNa kara sakate hai / chaH bhUmiyoM se nikale hue nAraka jIva dezavirati aura sAta bhamiyoM se nikale hue samyaktva prApta kara sakate hai| dvIpa-samudra prAdi kI avasthiti-ratnaprabhA bhUmi ko choDa zeSa chaH bhUmiyoM meM na to dvIpa, samudra, parvata aura sarovara hI hai; na gA~va, zahara Adi hai; na vRkSa, latA Adi bAdara vanaspatikAya hai; na dvIndriya se lekara paJcendriya taka tiryaca hai; na manuSya hai aura na kisI prakAra ke deva hI hai| ratnaprabhA kA kucha bhAga madhyaloka me sammilita hai, ata. usameM dvIpa, samudra, grAma, nagara, vanaspati, tiryaca, manuSya, deva hote hai / ratnaprabhA ke atirikta zeSa cha. bhUmiyoM meM kevala nAraka aura kucha ekendriya jIva hI hai / isa sAmAnya niyama kA bhI apavAda hai, kyoMki una bhUmiyoM me kabhI kisI sthAna para kucha manuSya, deva aura paJcendriya tiryaMcoM kA honA bhI sambhava hai| manuSya to isa apekSA se sambhava hai ki kevalI samudghAta karanevAlA manuSya sarvalokavyApI hone se una bhUmiyoM meM bhI Atmapradeza phailAtA hai| vaikriyalabdhivAle manuSya kI bhI una bhUmiyo taka pahu~ca hai| tiryacoM kI pahu~ca bhI una bhUmiyoM taka hai, parantu yaha kevala vaikriyalabdhi kI apekSA se hI mAnya hai / kucha deva kabhIkabhI apane pUrvajanma ke mitro ko duHkhamukta karane ke uddezya se narakoM meM pahu~ca jAte hai| kintu deva bhI kevala tIna bhUmiyoM taka hI jA pAte hai| narakapAla kahe jAnevAle paramAdhArmika deva janma se hI pahalI tIna bhUmiyo me rahate haiM, anya deva janma se kevala pahalI bhUmi me pAye jAte hai / 6 / madhyaloka jambUdvIpalavaNAdayaH zubhanAmAno dvIpasamudrAH / 7 / dvidviviSkambhAH pUrvapUrvaparikSepiNo vlyaakRtyH| 8 / tanmadhye merunAbhitto yojanazatasahasraviSkambho jmbuudviipH| 9 / tatra bharatahaimavataharivideharamyakahairaNyavatairAvatavarSAH kSetrANi / 10 / tadvibhAjinaH pUrvAparAyatA himavanmahAhimavanniSadhanIlarukmizikhariNo varSadharaparvatAH / 11 / dvirdhAtakIkhaNDe / 12 / puSkarArdhe ca / 13 / prAGmAnuSottarAn manuSyAH / 14 / AryA mlecchAzca / 15 / bharatairAvatavidehAH karmabhUmayo'nyatra devakurUttarakurubhyaH / 16 /

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3. 7-18 ] madhyaloka nRsthitI parApare tripalyopamAntamuhUrte / 17 / tiryagyonInAM ca / 18 / jambUdvIpa Adi zubha nAmavAle dvIpa tathA lavaNa Adi zubha nAmavAle samudra haiN| ve sabhI dvIpa aura samudra valaya ( cUr3I ) ko AkRtivAle, pUrva-pUrva ko veSTita karanevAle aura dugune-dugune viSkambha (vyAsa yA vistAra) vAle haiN| __ una sabake madhya meM jambUdvIpa hai jo gola hai, eka lAkha yojana viSkambhavAlA hai aura jisake madhya meM meruparvata hai| jambUdvIpa meM bharatavarSa, haimavatavarSa, harivarSa, videhavarSa, ramyakavarSa, hairaNyavatavarSa aura airAvatavarSa nAmaka sAta kSetra haiN| una kSetroM ko pRthak karanevAle aura pUrva-pazcima lambe himavAn. mahAhimavAn, niSadha, nIla, rukmI aura zikharI-ye chaH varSadhara parvata haiN| dhAtakIkhaNDa meM parvata tathA kSetra jambUdvIpa se dugune haiM / puSkarArdhadvIpa meM bhI utane (dhAtakIkhaNDa jitane ) hI haiN| mAnuSottara nAmaka parvata ke pahale taka ( isa ora ) hI manuSya haiM / ve Arya aura mleccha haiN| devakuru aura uttarakuru ko chor3a bharata, airAvata tathA videha-ye sabhI karmabhUmiyA~ hai| manuSyoM kI sthiti ( Ayu) utkRSTa tIna palyopama aura jaghanya antamuhUrta hai| tiryacoM kI sthiti ( Ayu ) bhI utanI hI hai / dvIpa aura samudra--madhyaloka kI AkRti jhAlara ke samAna hai / yaha bAta dvIesamudroM ke varNana se spaSTa hai| madhyaloka meM asaMkhyAta dvIpa-samudra hai, jo dvIpa ke bAda samudra aura samudra ke bAda dvIpa isa krama se avasthita hai / una sabake nAma zubha hI hai / yahA~ dvIpa-samudroM ke vyAsa, unakI racanA aura AkRti sambandhI tIna bAteM varNita hai, jinase madhyaloka kA AkAra jJAta hotA hai| vyAsa-jambUdvIpa kA pUrva-pazcima tathA uttara-dakSiNa vistAra eka-eka lAkha yojana hai, lavaNasamudra kA usase dugunA hai| isI prakAra dhAtakIkhaNDa kA lavaNasamudra se, kAlodadhi kA dhAtakIkhaNDa se, puSkaravaradvIpa kA kAlodadhi se, puSkarodadhi kA puSkaravaradvIpa se dugunA-dugunA viSkambha hai / viSkambha kA yahI krama

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tattvArthasUtra [ 3. 7-18 anta taka calatA hai / antima dvIpa svayambhUramaNa hai, jisase aMtima samudra svayambhUramaNa kA viSkambha dugunA hai / racanA-dvIpa-samudroM kI racanA cakkI ke pATa aura usake thAla ke samAna hai| jambUdvIpa lavaNasamudra se veSTita hai| isI prakAra lavaNasamudra dhAtakIkhaNDa se, dhAtakIkhaNDa kAlodadhi se, kAlodadhi puSkaravaradvIpa se aura puSkaravaradvIpa puSkarodadhi se veSTita hai / yahI krama svayambhUramaNa samudra paryaMta hai| prAkRti-jambUdvIpa thAlI ke samAna gola hai aura anya saba dvIpa-samudroM kI AkRti valaya ( cUDI) ke samAna hai / 7-8 / jambU dvIpa ke kSetra aura pradhAna parvata-jambUdvIpa sabase prathama aura saba dvIpasamudroM ke madhya me hai arthAt usake dvArA koI dvIpa yA samudra veSTita nahIM hai| jambUdvIpa kA viSkambha eka lAkha yojana hai / vaha kumhAra ke cAka kI bhAMti gola hai, lavaNAdi kI taraha valayAkRti nahI / usake bIca meM meruparvata hai / saMkSepa meM meru kA varNana isa prakAra hai : meru kI U~cAI eka lAkha yojana hai, jisameM eka hajAra yojana kA bhAga bhUmi ke andara arthAt adRzya hai / ninyAnabe hajAra yojana kA bhAga bhUmi ke Upara hai| jamIna ke andaravAle bhAga kI lambAI-cauDAI saba jagaha dasa hajAra yojana hai| bAharI bhAga ke Upara kA aMza, jahA~ se cUlikA nikalatI hai, eka-eka hajAra yojana lambA-cauDA hai| meru ke tIna kANDa hai / vaha tInoM lokoM meM avagAhita hokara sthita hai aura cAra vanoM se ghirA hai / prathama kANDa eka hajAra yojana kA hai jo jamIna meM hai| dUsarA tirasaTha hajAra yojana kA aura tIsarA chattIsa hajAra yojana kA hai / pahale kANDa meM zuddha pRthivI tathA kaMkar3a Adi kI, dUsare me cA~dI, sphaTika Adi kI aura tIsare me svarNa kI pracuratA hai / kramazaH cAra vanoM ke nAma bhadrazAla, nandana, saumanasa aura pANDuka haiM / eka lAkha yojana kI UMcAI ke bAda sabase Upara eka cUlikA ( coTI ) hai, jo cAlIsa yojana U~cI hai / vaha mUla meM bAraha yojana, bIca me ATha yojana aura Upara cAra yojana lambI-cauDI hai / jambUdvIpa me mukhyatayA sAta kSetra hai jo vaMza, varSa yA vAsya kahalAte hai| iname pahalA bharata dakSiNa kI ora hai| bharata ke uttara meM haimavata, haimavata ke uttara meM hari, hari ke uttara me videha, videha ke uttara me ramyaka, ramyaka ke uttara meM hairaNyavata aura hairaNyavata ke uttara me airAvatavarSa hai| vyavahArasiddha dizA ke niyama' ke anusAra meru parvata sAtoM kSetro ke uttarI bhAga me avasthita hai / 1 dizA kA niyama sarya ke udayAsta para nirbhara hai| saryodaya kI ora mukha karake khaDe hone para bAyIM ora uttara dizA me meru paDatA hai / bharatakSetra meM sUryAsta kI dizA hI

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3. 7-18 ] madhyaloka sAtoM kSetroM ko eka-dUsare se alaga karanevAle cha: parvata hai jo varSadhara kahalAte haiM / ye sabhI pUrva-pazcima lambe hai / bharata aura haimavata kSetra ke bIca himavAn parvata hai / haimavata aura harivarSa kA vibhAjaka mahAhimavAn hai / harivarSa aura videha kA vibhAjaka niSadhaparvata hai / videha aura rampakavarSa kA vibhAjaka nIlaparvata hai / ramyaka aura hairaNyavata kA vibhAjaka rukmIparvata hai / hairaNyavata aura airAvata kA vibhAjaka zikharIparvata hai / Upara nirdiSTa sAtoM kSetra thAlI kI AkRti ke jambUdvIpa meM pUrvI chora se pazcimI chora taka vistRta lambe paTa ke rUpa me eka ke bAda eka avasthita haiM / videhakSetra ina sabake madhya meM haiM, isalie meruparvata bhI usa kSetra ke ThIka madhya meM avasthita hai | videhakSetra ko ramyakakSetra se nIlaparvata vibhakta karatA hai aura harivarSakSetra ko niSadhaparvata vibhakta karatA hai / videhakSetra me meha aura nIlaparvata ke bIca kA ardhacandrAkAra bhAga uttarakuru hai jisakI pUrva-pazcima sImA vahA~ ke do parvata se nizcita hotI hai ; tathA meru tathA niSadhaparvata ke bIca kA vaisA hI ardhacandrAkAra bhAga devakuru hai / devakuru aura uttarakuru ye donoM kSetra videha arthAt mahAvideha ke hI bhAga hai; parantu una kSetro me yugaliyoM kI AbAdI hone ke kAraNa ve bhinna rUpa se pahacAne jAte hai / devakuru aura uttarakuru ke bhAga kA kSetra choDane para mahAvideha ke avaziSTa pUrva aura pazcima bhAga meM solaha-solaha vibhAga hai / ye vibhAga vijaya kahalAte hai / isa prakAra sumeraparvata ke pUrva aura pazcima donoM ora kula milAkara 32 vijaya hai / jambUdvIpa meM bharatakSetra kI sImA para sthita himavAnparvata ke donoM chora pUrvapazcima lavaNasamudra meM phaile hue hai / isI prakAra airAvatakSetra kI sImA para sthita zikharIparvata ke dono chora bhI lavaNasamudra me phaile hue hai / pratyeka chora do bhAgoM me vibhAjita hone se kula milAkara dono parvato ke ATha bhAga lavaNasamudra me Ate hai / dADhoM kI AkRti ke hone se unheM dAr3hA kahA jAtA hai / pratyeka dAr3hA para manuSyoM kI AbAdIvAle sAta-sAta kSetra hai / ye kSetra lavaNasamudra me Ane ke kAraNa atadvIpa ke rUpa me prasiddha haiM, jinakI saMkhyA chappana hai / uname bhI yugaliyA manuSya rahate hai / 9-11 / PrastaNDa aura puSkarArdhadvIpa - jambUdvIpa kI varSa aura varSadhara kI saMkhyA dugunI hai, arthAt vahA~ do 91 airAvata kSetra me sUryodaya kI dizA hai / isalie vahA~ bhI sUryodaya kI ora mukha karane se meruparvata uttara dizA meM hI paDatA hai| isI prakAra dUsare kSetroM meM bhI meru uttara meM hI paDatA hai / For Private Personal Use Only apekSA dhAtakIkhaNDa meM meru, meru, caudaha varSa aura bAraha

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92 tattvArthasUtra [3.7-18 varSadhara hai, parantu sabake nAma jambUdvIpavartI meru, varSadhara aura varSa ke samAna hI hai / valayAkRti dhAtakIkhaNDa ke pUrvArdha aura pazcimArdha do bhAga hai / yaha vibhAga do parvato se hotA hai, jo dakSiNottara vistRta hai aura iSvAkAra ( bANa ke samAna sIdhe ) hai / pratyeka vibhAga me eka-eka meru, sAta-sAta varSa aura cha:-chaH varSadhara hai| sArAza yaha hai ki nadI, kSetra, parvata Adi jo kucha jambUdvIpa me hai ve saba dhAtakIkhaNDa me dugune hai / dhAtakIkhaNDa ko pUrvArdha aura pazcimArdha me vibhakta karanevAle dakSiNottara vistRta aura iSvAkAra do parvata hai tathA pUrvArdha aura pazcimArdha meM pUrva-pazcima me phaile hue cha.-cha. varSadhara ( parvata ) hai / ye sabhI eka ora se kAlodadhi ko aura dUsarI ora se lavaNodadhi ko sparza karate hai / pUrvArdha aura pazcimArdha me sthita cha.-chaH varSadharoM ko pahiye kI nAbhi meM lage hue AroM kI upamA dI jAya to una varSadharoM se vibhakta honevAle bharata Adi sAta kSetro ko AroM ke bIca ke antara kI upamA dI jA sakatI hai / dhAtakIkhaNDa me meru, varSa aura varSadharoM kI jo saMkhyA hai vahI puSkarArdha dvIpa meM bhI hai / vahA~ bhI do meru, caudaha varSa tathA bAraha varSadhara hai jo iSvAkAra parvato dvArA vibhakta pUrvArdha aura pazcimArdha me avasthita hai / isa prakAra DhAI dvIpa me pA~ca meru, tIsa varSadhara ( parvata ) aura paitIsa varSa (kSetra ) hai / ukta paiMtIsa kSetroM ke pA~ca mahAvideha kSetroM meM pAMca devakuru, pA~ca uttarakuru aura eka sau sATha vijaya hai / antarvIpa kevala lavaNasamudra me hI hai, ataH chappana hI hai / puSkaravaradvIpa me mAnuSottara nAma kA eka parvata hai, jo puSkaravaradIpa ke Thoka madhya me kile kI taraha golAkAra khaDA hai aura manuSyaloka ko ghere hue hai / jambUdvIpa, dhAtakIkhaNDa aura AdhA puSkaravara dvIpa ye DhAI tathA lavaNa, kAlodadhi ye do samudra--yahI kSetra 'manuSyaloka' kahalAtA hai| ukta kSetra kA nAma manuSyaloka aura ukta parvata kA nAma mAnuSottara isalie paDA hai ki isase bAhara manuSya kA janma-maraNa nahI hotA / vidyAsampanna muni yA vaikriya labdhidhArI manuSya hI DhAI dvIpa ke bAhara jA sakate hai, kitu unakA bhI janma-maraNa mAnuSottara parvata ke aMdara hI hotA hai / 12-13 / __manuSyajAti kA kSetra aura prakAra-mAnupottara parvata ke pahale jo DhAI dvIpa aura do samudra hai uname manuSya kI sthiti hai avazya, para vaha sArvatrika nhii| janma se to manuSyajAti kA sthAna mAtra DhAI dvIpa ke antargata paitIsa kSetroM aura chappana antarvIpoM me hI hai parantu saMharaNa, vidyA yA labdhi ke nimitta se manuSya DhAI dvIpa tathA do samudro ke kisI bhI bhAga meM raha sakatA hai / itanA hI nahI, meruparvata kI coTI para bhI vaha ukta nimitta se raha sakatA hai| phira bhI yaha

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3. 7-18] madhyaloka bhAratIya hai, yaha haimavatIya hai ityAdi vyavahAra kSetra ke sambandha se aura yaha jambUdvIpIya hai, yaha dhAtakokhaNDIya hai ityAdi vyavahAra dvIpa ke sambandha se hotA manuSyajAti ke mukhyataH Arya aura mleccha ye do bheda hai / nimittabheda kI dRSTi se chaH prakAra ke Arya hai jaise kSetra, jAti, kula,karma, zilpa aura bhASA / 1. kSetraArya ve hai, jo pandraha karmabhUmiyoM me aura uname bhI AryadezoM me utpanna hote hai|' 2. jAti-Arya ve hai jo ikSvAku, videha, hari, jJAta, kuru, ugra Adi vaMzoM meM utpanna hote hai / 3. kula-Arya ve hai jo kulakara, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva Adi ke rUpa me vizuddha kula meM utpanna hote hai / 4. karma-Arya ve hai jo yajana, yAjana, paThana, pAThana, kRSi, lipi, vANijya Adi dvArA AjIvikA calAte hai / 5. zilpaArya julAhA, nAI, kumhAra Adi hai jo alpa ArambhavAlI aura anindya AjIvikAvAle hai| 6. bhASA Arya ve hai jo ziSTapuruSamAnya bhASAoM me sugama rIti se vacana Adi kA vyavahAra karate hai| inase viparIta lakSaNoMvAle sabhI manuSya mleccha hai, jaise zaka, yavana, kamboja, zabara, pulinda Adi / chappana antarvIpoM me rahanevAle sabhI manuSya tathA karmabhUmiyoM me bhI anArya dezotpanna mleccha hI hai / 15 / ___ karmabhUmiyA~-karmabhUmi vahI hai jahA~ mokSamArga ke jJAtA aura upadeSTA tIrthaGkara utpanna hote hai / DhAI dvIpa me manuSya kI utpatti ke paitIsa kSetra aura chappana antarvIpa hai| unameM aiso karmabhUmiyA~ pandraha hI hai aura ve hai pA~ca bharata, pA~ca airAvata aura pA~ca videha / inake atirikta zeSa bI sa kSetra tathA saba antarvIpa akarmabhUmi ( bhogabhUmi ) hI hai| yadyapi devakuru aura uttarakuru ye do kSetra videha ke antargata hI hai tathApi ve karmabhUmiyA~ nahIM hai, kyoki uname yugalika-dharma hone se cAritra dhAraNa karanA sambhava nahI hai, jaise haimavata Adi akarmabhUmiyo meM / 16 / __manuSya aura tiryaJcoM kI sthiti-manuSya kI utkRSTa sthiti (AyumaryAdA) 1. pratyeka kSetra me sADhe paccIsa Aryadeza ke hisAba se pA~ca bharata aura paoNca airAvata me do sau pacapana Arya deza hai aura pA~ca videha ke eka sau sATha cakravatI-vijaya Aryadeza hai| inhI me tIrthakara utpanna hote hai aura dharmapravartana karate hai| inako choDakara pandraha karmabhUmiyo kA zeSa kSetra Aryadeza nahI mAnA jaataa| 2. tIrthakara, gaNadhara Adi jo atizayasampanna hai ve ziSTa hai, unakI bhASA saMskRta va ardhamAgadhI Adi hotI hai / 3. isa vyAkhyA ke anusAra haimavata Adi tosa bhogabhUmiyo ( akarmabhUgiyo ) ke nivAsI mleccha hI hai|

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tattvArthasUtra [ 3. 7-18 tIna palyopama aura jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta hai / tiryaJcoM kI sthiti bhI manuSya ke barAbara utkRSTa tIna palyopama aura jaghanya antarmuhUrta hai| bhava aura kAyabheda se sthiti do prakAra kI hai| koI bhI janma pAkara usameM jaghanya athavA utkRSTa jitane kAla taka jI sakatA hai vaha bhavasthiti hai aura bIca me kisI dUsarI jAti me janma na grahaNa karake kisI eka hI jAti me bArabAra utpanna honA kAyasthiti hai / Upara manuSyoM aura tiryaJcoM kI jaghanya tathA utkRSTa bhavasthiti kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| manuSya ho yA tiryaJca, sabakI jaghanya kAyasthiti to bhavasthiti ko bhAMti antarmuhUrta hI hai / manuSya kI utkRSTa kAyasthiti sAta athavA ATha bhavagrahaNa kI hai, arthAt kisI bhI manuSya ko lagAtAra sAta athavA ATha janma taka rahane ke bAda avazya manuSyajAti chor3a denI par3atI hai| saba tiryaJcoM kI kAyasthiti bhavasthiti kI taraha samAna nahI hai / ataH tiryaJcoM kI donoM sthitiyoM kA vistRta varNana yahA~ Avazyaka hai| pRthvIkAya kI bhavasthiti bAIsa hajAra varSa, jalakAya kI bhavasthiti sAta hajAra varSa, vAyukAya kI bhavasthiti tIna hajAra varSa aura tejaHkAya kI bhavasthiti tIna ahorAtra hai / ina cAroM kI kAyasthiti asaMkhyAta avasarpiNI-utsarpiNI pramANa hai / vanaspatikAya kI bhavasthiti dasa hajAra varSa aura kAyasthiti ananta utsarpiNI-avasarpiNI pramANa hai| dvIndriya kI bhavasthiti bAraha varSa, trIndriya kI unacAsa ahorAtra aura caturindriya kI cha: mAsa hai| ina tInoM kI kAyasthiti saMkhyAta hajAra varSa hai| paJcendriya tiryaJcoM meM garbhaja aura saMmUchima kI bhavasthiti bhinna-bhinna hai / garbhajoM meM jalacara, uraga aura bhujaga kI bhavasthiti karoDapUrva, pakSiyoM kI bhavasthiti palyopama kA asaMkhyAtavA~ bhAga aura catuSpada sthalacara kI bhavasthiti tIna palyopama hai / saMmUchima jIvoM me jalacara ko bhavasthiti karor3apUrva, uraga kI bhavasthiti trepana hajAra varSa, bhujaga ko bhavasthiti bayAlIsa hajAra varSa, pakSiyoM kI bhavasthiti bahattara hajAra varSa aura sthalacaro kI bhavasthiti caurAsI hajAra varSa hai| garbhaja paJcendriya tiryaJcoM kI kAyasthiti sAta yA ATha janmagrahaNa aura saMmUchima jIvoM kI kAyasthiti sAta janmagrahaNa pramANa hai / 17-18 /

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:4: devaloka tRtIya adhyAya meM mukhyarUpa se nArakoM, manuSyoM aura tiryaJco kI sthiti, kSetra Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa caturtha adhyAya me devoM ke nikAyoM, unakI sthiti, unakI vizeSatAoM Adi kA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai| devoM ke prakAra devaashctunikaayaaH|1| deva cAra nikAyavAle haiN| samUha vizeSa yA jAti ko nikAya kahate hai / devoM ke cAra nikAya yA prakAra hai-1. bhavanapati, 2. vyantara, 3 jyotiSka aura 4. vaimAnika / 1 / tRtIya nikAya kI lezyA tRtIyaH pItalezyaH' / 2 / tIsarA nikAya pItalezyAvAlA hai| ukta cAra nikAyoM meM jyotiSka tIsare nikAya ke deva hai| uname kevala pIta (tejaH ) lezyA hotI hai / yahA~ lezyA' kA artha dravyalezyA arthAt zArIrika varNa hai, adhyavasAya-vizeSa ke rUpa me bhAvalezyA nahIM; kyoki chahoM bhAvalezyAe~ to cAroM nikAyoM ke devoM meM hotI hai / 2 / 1. digambara paramparA meM bhavanapati, vyantara aura jyotiSka ina tIna nikAyo me kRSNa se tejaH paryanta cAra lezyAe~ mAnI gayI hai, para zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhavanapati va vyantara do nikAyoM meM hI ukta cAra lezyAeM mAnI gayI hai aura jyotiSka nikAya me kevala tejoleshyaa| isI matabheda ke kAraNa zvetAmbara paramparA me yaha dasarA aura Age sAtavA~ dono satra bhinna hai| digambara paramparA me ina dono satro ke sthAna para eka hI sUtra 'AditastriSu pItAntalezyAH' pracalita hai / 2. lezyA ke vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa ke lie dekheM-hindI 'cauthA karmagrantha' meM 'lezyA' zabda-viSayaka pariziSTa, pR0 33 / - 95 -

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tattvArtha sUtra cAra nikAyoM ke bheda dazASTapaJcadvAdazavikalpAH kalpopapannaparyantAH / 3 / kalpopapanna devoM taka caturnikAyika devoM ke kramazaH dasa, ATha, pA~ca aura bAraha bheda hai | 96 bhavanapati nikAya ke dasa, vyantaranikAya ke ATha, jyotiSka nikAya ke pA~ca aura vaimAnikanikAya ke bAraha bheda hai, jinakA varNana Age AyegA / vaimAnika nikAya ke bAraha bheda kalpopapanna vaimAnika deva taka ke hai, kyoMki kalpAtIta deva vaimAnikanikAya ke to hai, para unakI gaNanA ukta bAraha bhedoM me nahI hai / saudharma se acyuta taka bAraha svarga ( devaloka ) hai, jinhe kalpa kahA jAtA hai / 3 / caturnikAya ke avAntara bheda indrasAmAnikatrAstrazapAriSadyAtmarakSalokapAlAnIkaprakIrNakAbhiyogya kilviSikAcaikazaH / 4 / trAyastrazalokapAlavarjyA vyantarajyotiSkAH / 5 / caturnikAya ke ukta dasa Adi eka-eka indra, sAmAnika, trAyastriza, pAriSadya, AtmarakSa, lokapAla, anIka, prakIrNaka, Abhiyogya aura kilviSikarUpa haiM / vyantara aura jyotiSka deva trAyastriza tathA lokapAla-rahita haiM / bhavanapatinikAya ke asurakumAra Adi dasa prakAra ke deva hai / ye saba deva indra, sAmAnika Adi dasa bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai / 1. indra - sAmAnika Adi saba prakAra ke devo ke svAmI / 2. sAmAnika--- Ayu Adi me indra ke samAna arthAt amAtya, pitA, guru Adi kI taraha pUjya, para iname mAtra indratva nahIM hotA / 3. trAyastriza -maMtrI yA purohita kA kAma karanevAle / 4. pAriSadya - mitra kA kAma karane - vAle / 5. AtmarakSaka -- zastra dhAraNa karake AtmarakSaka ke rUpa me pITha kI ora khar3e rahanevAle / 6. lokapAla - sImAke rakSaka / 7. anIka - sainika aura senAdhipati / 8. prakIrNaka nagaravAsI aura dezavAsI ke samAna / 9. Abhiyogya sevaka yA dAsa ke tulya / 10. kilviSika - antyajoM ke samAna / bAraha devalokoM meM aneka prakAra ke vaimAnika deva bhI indra, sAmAnika Adi dasa bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai / vyantaranikAya ke ATha aura ATha vibhAgoM meM hI vibhakta hai, lokapAla jAti ke deva nahI hote [ 4. 4-5 jyotiSka nikAya ke pA~ca prakAra ke deva indra Adi kyoki ina donoM nikAyoM meM trAyastriza aura / 4-5 / For Private Personal Use Only

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4. 7-10] prathama do nikAyoM meM lezyA . indroM kI saMkhyA puurvyordvaandraaH|6| prathama do nikAyoM meM do-do indra haiN| bhavanapatinikAya ke asurakumAra Adi dasa prakAra ke devoM meM tathA vyantaranikAya ke kinnara Adi ATha prakAra ke devoM meM do-do indra hai| jaise camara aura bali asurakumAroM ke, dharaNa aura bhUtAnanda nAgakumAroM ke, hari aura harisaha vidyutkumAroM ke, veNudeva aura veNudArI suparNakumAroM ke, agnizikha aura agnimANava agnikumAroM ke, velamba aura prabhaJjana vAtakumAroM ke, sughoSa aura mahAghoSa stanitakumAroM ke jalakAnta aura jalaprabha udadhikumAroM ke, pUrNa aura vAsiSTha dvIpakumAroM ke, tathA amitagati aura amitavAhana dikkumAroM ke indra hai / isI taraha vyantaranikAya me bhI hai jaise kinnaroM ke kinnara aura kiMpuruSa, kiMpuruSoM ke satpuruSa aura mahApuruSa, mahoraga ke atikAya aura mahAkAya, gandharvo ke gItarati aura gItayaza, yakSoM ke pUrNabhadra aura maNibhadra, rAkSasoM ke bhIma aura mahAbhIma, bhUtoM ke pratirUpa aura apratirUpa tathA pizAcoM ke kAla aura mahAkAla ye do-do indra hai| bhavanapati aura vyantara ina donoM nikAyoM me do-do indra batalAkara zeSa do nikAyo meM do-do indro kA abhAva darzAyA gayA hai / jyotiSkanikAya meM to candra aura sUrya hI indra hai / candra aura sUrya asaMkhyAta hai, isalie jyotiSkanikAya me indra bhI itane hI hai / vaimAnikanikAya meM pratyeka kalpa meM eka-eka indra hai / saudharma kalpa me zakra, aizAna me IzAna, sAnatkumAra me sanatkumAra nAmaka indra hai / isI prakAra Upara ke devalokoM me una devaloko ke nAmavAlA eka-eka indra hai / vizeSatA itanI hI hai ki Anata aura prANata ina do kalpoM kA prANata nAmaka eka hI indra hai| AraNa aura acyuta ina do kalpoM kA bhI acyuta nAmaka eka hI indra hai / 6 / prathama do nikAyoM me lezyA pItAntalezyAH / 7 // prathama do nikAyoM ke deva pIta ( tejaH ) paryanta lezyAvAle haiN| bhavanapati aura vyantara jAti ke devo me zArIrika varNarUpa dravyalezyA cAra hI mAnI jAtI hai, jaise kRSNa, nIla, kApota aura pIta ( tejaH ) / 7 /

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32 tattvArtha sUtra devoM kA kAmasukha kAyapravIcArA A-aizAnAt / 8 / zeSAH sparzarUpazabdamanaH pravIcArA dvayordvayoH / 2 / pare'pravIcArAH / 10 / aizAna kalpa taka ke deva kAyapravIcAra hote haiM arthAt zarIra se viSayasukha bhogate haiM / [ 4. 8-10 zeSa deva do-do kalpoM meM kramazaH sparza, rUpa, zabda aura saMkalpa dvArA viSayasukha bhogate haiM / anya saba deva pravIcAra se rahita arthAt vaiSayika sukhabhoga se mukta hote haiM / bhavanapati, vyantara, jyotiSka tathA pahale va dUsare kalpa ke vaimAnika ye saba deva manuSya kI bhA~ti zarIra se kAmasukha kA anubhava karake prasanna hote hai / tIsare kalpa tathA Upara ke sabhI kalpoM ke vaimAnika deva manuSya ke samAna sarvAGgINa zarIrasparza dvArA kAmasukha nahI bhogate, apitu anyAnya prakAra se vaiSayika sukha bhogate hai / tIsare aura cauthe kalpa ke devo kI to deviyo ke sparzamAtra se kAmatRpti ho jAtI hai / pA~caveM aura chaThe svarga ke deva deviyoM ke susajjita ( zrRMgArita ) rUpa ko dekhakara hI viSayasukha prApta kara lete hai| sAtave aura AThaveM svarga ke devoM kI kAmavAsanA deviyo ke vividha zabdo ko sunane se pUrI ho jAtI hai / naveM aura dasave tathA gyArahaveM aura bArahave ina do jor3oM arthAt cAra svargo ke devoM kI vaiSayika tRpti deviyo kA cintana karane mAtra se ho jAtI hai / isa tRpti ke lie unheM na to deviyo ke sparza kI, na unakA rUpa dekhane kI aura na gIta Adi sunane kI AvazyakatA rahatI hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki dUsare svarga taka hI deviyA~ haiM, Upara ke kalpoM meM nahI hai / ve jaba tRtIya Adi Upara ke svargo ke devoM ko viSayasukha ke lie utsuka arthAt apanI ora AdarazIla jAnatI hai tabhI ve unake nikaTa pahu~catI hai / deviyo ke hasta Adi ke sparza mAtra se tIsare cauthe svarga ke devoM kI kAmatRpti ho jAtI hai / unake zrRMgArasajjita manohara rUpa ko dekhane mAtra se pA~caveM aura chaThe svarga ke devo kI kAmalAlasA pUrNa ho jAtI hai / isI prakAra unake sundara saMgItamaya zabdoM ke zravaNa mAtra se sAtaveM aura AThave svarga ke deva vaiSayika Ananda kA anubhava prApta kara lete hai / deviyoM kI pahu~ca AThave svarga taka hI hai, Upara nahI / nave se bArahave svarga taka ke devo kI kAma-sukhatRpti kevala deviyoM kA cintana karane se hI ho jAtI hai / bArahaveM svarga se Upara ke deva zAnta aura For Private Personal Use Only

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4. 11-20] catunikAya ke devoM ke bheda kAmalAlasA se pare hote hai / unhe deviyoM ke sparza, rUpa, zabda yA cintana dvArA kAmasukha bhogane kI apekSA nahIM rahatI, phira bhI ve nIce ke devo se adhika santuSTa aura adhika sukho hote hai / isakA spaSTa kAraNa yaha hai ki jyoM-jyoM kAmavAsanA prabala hotI hai tyo-tyoM cittasaMkleza adhika baDhatA hai tathA jyoM-jyo cittasaMkleza baDhatA hai tyoM-tyo usake nivAraNa ke lie viSayabhoga bho adhikAdhika Avazyaka hotA hai| dUsare svarga taka ke devo kI apekSA tIsare aura cauthe svarga ke devo kI, unakI apekSA pA~caveM-chaThe svarga ke devoM kI aura isa taraha kAra-Upara ke svargoM ke devoM kI kAmavAsanA manda hotI jAtI hai| isalie unakA cittasaMkleza bhI kama hotA jAtA hai| unake kAmabhoga ke sAdhana bhI alpa hote hai / bArahaveM svarga se Upara ke devo kI kAmavAsanA zAnta hotI hai, ata unhe sparza, rUpa, zabda, cintana Adi kisI bhI prakAra ke bhoga kI kAmanA nahIM hotii| ve saMtoSajanya paramasukha me nimagna rahate hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki nIce-nIce kI apekSA Upara-Upara ke devoM kA sukha adhikAdhika mAnA gayA hai / 8-10 / canunikAya ke devoM ke bheda bhvnvaasino'surnaagvidyutsuprnnaagnivaatstnitoddhidviipdikkumaaraaH|11| vyantarAH kinnarakiMpuruSamahoragagAndharvayakSarAkSasabhUtapizAcAH / 12 / jyotiSkAH sUryAzcandramaso grahanakSatraprakIrNatArakAzca / 13 / merupradakSiNA nityagatayo nRloke / 14 / tatkRtaH kAlavibhAgaH / 15 / bahiravasthitAH / 16 / vaimAnikAH / 17 // kalpopapannAH kalpAtItAzca / 18 / upayu pari / 19 / saudharmezAnasAnatkumAramAhendrabrahmalokalAntakamahAzukrasahasrAreSvAnataprANatayorAraNAcyutayornavasu praiveyakeSu vijayavaijayantajayantA'parAjiteSu sarvArthasiddha ca' / 20 / 1. zvetAmbara paramparA meM bAraha kalpa mAne gae hai / digambara paramparA me solaha kalpoM kI mAnyatA hai, ataH uname brahmottara, kApiSTha, zakra aura zatAra ye cAra kalpa adhika haiM, jo kramazaH chaThe, AThave, nave aura gyArahave hai|

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100 tattvArthasUtra [ 4. 11-20 asurakumAra, nAgakumAra, vidyutkumAra, suparNakumAra, agnikumAra, vAsakumAra, stanitakumAra, udadhikumAra, dvIpakumAra aura dikkumAra-ye (dasa ) bhavanavAsInikAya hai| kinnara, kipuruSa, mahoraga, gAndharva, yakSa, rAkSasa, bhUta aura pizAca--- ye ( ATha ) vyantaranikAya haiM / sUrya, candra tathA graha, nakSatra aura prakIrNa tArA-ye (pA~ca) jyotiSkanikAya hai| ve manuSyaloka meM meru ke cAroM ora pradakSiNA karate haiM tathA nitya gatizIla hai| kAla kA vibhAga unake ( carajyotiSkoM) dvArA kiyA huA hai| jyotiSka manuSyaloka ke bAhara sthira hote haiN| caturtha nikAyavAle vaimAnika deva haiN| ve kalpopapanna aura kalpAtIta hai / Upara-Upara rahate haiN| saudharma, aizAna, sAnatkumAra, mAhendra, brahmaloka, lAntaka, mahAzukra, sahasrAra, Anata, prANata, AraNa aura acyuta ( ina 12 kalpoM) tathA nau aveyaka aura vijaya, vaijayanta, jayanta, aparAjita evaM sarvArthasiddha meM unakA nivAsa hai| bhAnapati-daso prakAra ke bhavanapati deva jambUdvIpavartI sumeruparvata ke nIce, usake dakSiNa aura uttara bhAga me tirache aneka koTAkoTi lakSa yojana taka rahate hai / asurakumAra prAya AvAso me aura kabhI bhavanoM meM basate hai tathA nAgakumAra Adi saba prAyaH bhavanoM meM hI basate hai / AvAsa ratnaprabhA ke pRthvIpiDa me UparanIce ke eka-eka hajAra yojana ko choDakara bIca ke eka lAkha aThahattara hajAra yojana ke bhAga me saba jagaha hai, para bhavana to ratnaprabhA ke nIce nabbe hajAra yojana ke bhAga meM hI hote hai| AvAsa baDe maNDapa jaise hote hai aura bhavana nagara ke samAna / bhavana bAhara se gola, bhItara se samacatuSkoNa aura tala me puSkarakaNikA jaise hote hai| sabhI bhavanapati isalie kumAra kahe jAte hai ki ve kumAra kI taraha manohara tathA sukumAra dIkhate hai| unakI gati mRdu va madhura hotI hai tathA ve krIDAzIla hote hai / dasa prakAra ke bhavanapati devo kI cihnAdi svarUpasampatti janmanA apanI-apanI jAti meM bhinna bhinna hai / jaise asurakumAroM ke mukuTa meM cUDAmaNi kA, nAgakumAroM ke

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caturnikAya ke devo ke bheda 101 nAga kA, vidyutkumAroM ke vajra kA, suparNakumAro ke garuDa kA, agnikumAro ke ghaTa kA, vAtakumAroM ke azva' kA, stanitakumAroM ke vardhamAna sakorApuTa ( sakorAyugala) kA, udadhikumAroM ke makara kA dvIpakumAro ke siMha kA aura dikkumAroM ke hasti kA cihna hotA hai / nAgakumAra Adi sabhI ke cihna unake AbharaNa me hote hai / sabhI ke vastra, zastra, bhUSaNa Adi vividha hote hai / 11 / 4. 11 -20 vyantaroM ke bheda-prabheda - sabhI vyantaradeva Urdhva, madhya aura adha tInoM lokoM me bhavanoM tathA AvAso me basate hai / ve svecchA se yA dUsaroM kI preraNA se bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM para jAte rahate haiM / uname se kucha to manuSyo kI bhI sevA karate haiM / vividha pahAr3oM aura guphAoM ke antaro me tathA vano ke antaro me basane ke kAraNa unhe vyantara kahA jAtA hai / iname se kinnara nAmaka vyantaradeva dasa prakAra ke hai-- kinnara, kipuruSa, kipuruSottama, kinnarottama, hRdayaMgama, rUpazAlI, anindita, manorama, ratipriya aura ratizreSTha / kiMpuruSa nAmaka vyantaradeva dasa prakAra ke hai - puruSa, satpuruSa, mahApuruSa, puruSavRSabha, puruSottama, atipuruSa, marudeva, maruta, meruprabha aura yazasvAn / mahoraga dasa prakAra ke hai- bhujaMga, bhogazAlI, mahAkAvya, atikAya, skandhazAlI, manorama, mahAvega, maheSvakSa, merukAnta aura bhAsvAn / gAndharva bAraha prakAra ke hai- hAhA, hUhU, tumburava, nArada, RSivAdika, bhUtavAdika, kAdamba, mahAkAdamba, raivata, vizvAvasu, gItarati aura gItayaza / yakSa teraha prakAra ke hai- pUrNabhadra, maNibhadra, zva etabhadra, haribhadra, sumanobhadra, vyatipAtikabhadra, subhadra, sarvatobhadra, manuSyayakSa, vanAdhipati, vanAhAra, rUpayakSa aura yakSottama / rAkSasa sAta prakAra ke hai- bhIma, mahAbhIma, vighna, vinAyaka, jalarAkSasa, rAkSasa aura brahmarAkSasa - bhUta nau prakAra ke hai- surUpa, pratirUpa, atirUpa, bhUtottama, skandika, mahAskandika, mahAvega, praticchanna aura AkAzaga / pizAca pandraha prakAra ke hai - kUSmANDa, paTaka, joSa, Ahnaka, kAla, mahAkAla, caukSa, acaukSa, tAlapizAca, mukharapizAca, adhastAraka, deha, mahAvideha, tUSNIka aura vanapizAca / 2 AThoM prakAra ke vyantaro ke cihna kramaza: azoka, campaka, nAga, tumbaru, vaTa, khaTvAGga, sulasa aura kadambaka hai / khaTvAGga ke atirikta zeSa saba cihna vRkSa jAti ke hai jo unake AbhUSaNa Adi meM hote hai / 12 / paJcavidha jyotiSka- - meru ke samatala bhUbhAga se sAta sau nabbe yojana kI 1. saMgrahaNI grantha me udadhikumAro ke azva kA aura vAtakumAro ke makara kA cinha ullikhita hai / dekheM -- gA0 26 / 2. tApasa kA upakaraNa vizeSa / For Private Personal Use Only

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102 tattvArthasUtra [4. 11-20 U~cAI para jyotizcakra kA kSetra Arambha hotA hai jo vahA~ se U~cAI me eka sau dasa yojana kA hai aura tirache asaMkhyAta dvIpasamudra taka hai / dasa yojana kI U~cAI para arthAt ukta samatala se ATha sau yojana kI U~cAI para sUrya ke vimAna hai / vahA~ se assI yojana U~ce arthAt samatala se ATha sau assI yojana Upara candra ke vimAna hai| vahA~ se bIsa yojana kI U~cAI taka arthAt samatala se nau sau yojana kI U~cAI taka graha, nakSatra aura prakIrNa tArAgaNa hai / prakIrNa tAroM se Azaya yaha hai ki kucha tAre aise bhI hai jo aniyatacArI hone se kabhI sUrya-candra ke nIce calate hai aura kabhI Upara / candra ke Upara bIsa yojana kI U~cAI me pahale cAra yojana kI U~cAI para nakSatra hai, phira cAra yojana kI U~cAI para budhagraha, budha se tIna yojana kI U~cAI para zuka, zukra se tIna yojanA kI U~cAI para guru, guru se tIna yojana Upara maGgala aura maGgala se tIna yojana Upara zanaizcara hai / aniyatacArI tArA sUrya ke nIce calate samaya jyotiSa-kSetra meM sUrya ke nIce dasa yojana taka rahatA hai| jyotiSa ( prakAzamAna ) vimAna me rahane se sUrya Adi jyotiSka kahalAte haiM / ina sabake mukuToM me prabhAmaNDala jaisA ujjvala, sUryAdimaNDala jaisA cihna hotA hai / sUrya ke sUryamaNDala jaisA, candra ke candramaNDala jaisA aura tArA ke tArAmaNDala jaisA cihna hotA hai / 13 / carajyotiSka-mAnuSottara parvata taka manuSyaloka hone kI bAta pahale kahI jA cukI hai| manuSyaloka ke jyotiSka sadA meru ke cAroM ora bhramaNa karate rahate hai / manuSyaloka me eka sau battIsa sUrya aura candra hai-jambUdvIpa me do-do, lavaNasamudra me cAra-cAra, dhAtakIkhaNDa me bAraha-bAraha, kAlodadhi me bayAlIsabayAlIsa aura puSkarArdha me bahattara-bahattara hai / eka candra kA parivAra 28 nakSatra, 88 graha aura 66975 koTAkoTi tAroM kA hai| yadyapi lokamaryAdA ke svabhAvAnusAra jyotiSkavimAna sadA apane-Apa ghUmate rahate hai tathApi samRddhi-vizeSa prakaTa karane ke lie aura Abhiyogya ( sevaka ) nAmakarma ke udaya se krIDAzIla kucha deva una vimAnoM ko uThAte hai / sAmane ke bhAga meM sihAkRti, dAhine gajAkRti, pIche vRSabhAkRti aura bAye azvAkRtivAle ye deva vimAna ko uThAkara calate rahate hai / 14 / kAlavibhAga-muhUrta, ahorAtra, pakSa, mAsa Adi, atIta, vartamAna Adi evaM saMkhyeya-asakhyeya Adi ke rUpa me aneka prakAra kA kAlavyavahAra manuSyaloka meM hotA hai, usake bAhara nahIM hotaa| manuSyaloka ke bAhara yadi koI kAlavyavahAra karanevAlA ho aura vyavahAra kare to manuSyaloka prasiddha vyavahAra ke anusAra hI 1 dekheM-a0 3, sU0 14 /

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4. 11-20] catunikAya ke devoM ke bheda 103 hogA, kyoMki vyAvahArika kAlavibhAga kA mukhya AdhAra niyata kriyA mAtra hai| aisI kriyA sUrya, candra Adi jyotiSkoM kI gati hI hai| yaha gati bhI jyotiSkoM kI sarvatra nahI, kevala manuSyaloka meM vartamAna jyotiSkoM meM hI milatI hai| isIlie mAnA gayA hai ki kAla kA vibhAga jyotiSkoM kI viziSTa gati para hI nirbhara hai / dina, rAta, pakSa Adi sthUla kAlavibhAga sUrya Adi jyotiSkoM kI niyata gati para avalambita hone ke kAraNa usase jJAta ho sakate hai; samaya, AvalikA Adi sUkSma kAlavibhAga usase jJAta nahIM ho sakate / sthAna-vizeSa meM sUrya ke prathama darzana se lekara sthAna-vizeSa meM sUrya kA jo adarzana hotA hai usa udaya aura asta ke bIca sUrya kI gatikriyA se hI dina kA vyavahAra hotA hai / isI prakAra sUrya ke asta se udaya taka kI gatikriyA se rAtri kA vyavahAra hotA hai| dina aura rAtri kA tIsavA~ bhAga muhUrta kahalAtA hai| pandraha dinarAta kA pakSa hotA hai| do pakSa kA mAsa, do mAsa kI Rtu, tIna Rtu kA ayana, do ayana kA varSa, pA~ca varSa kA yuga ityAdi aneka prakAra kA laukika kAlavibhAga sUrya kI gatikriyA se kiyA jAtA hai / jo kriyA cAlU hai vaha vartamAnakAla, jo honevAlI hai vaha anAgatakAla aura jo ho cukI hai vaha atItakAla hai / jo kAla gaNanA meM A sakatA hai vaha saMkhyeya hai, jo gaNanA me na Akara kevala upamAna se jAnA jAtA hai vaha asaMkhyeya hai, jaise palyopama, sAgaropama Adi aura jisakA anta nahIM hai vaha ananta' hai / 15 / / sthirajyotiSka-manuSyaloka se bAhara ke sUrya Adi jyotiSka vimAna sthira haiM, kyoki unake vimAna svabhAvataH eka sthAna para sthira rahate hai, yatra-tatra bhramaNa nahI karate / ataH unakI lezyA aura prakAza bhI eka rUpa meM sthira hai, vahA~ rAhu Adi kI chAyA na par3ane se jyotiSkoM kA svAbhAvika pItavarNa jyoM kA tyoM banA rahatA hai aura udaya-asta na hone se unakA lakSa yojana kA prakAza bhI eka-sA sthira rahatA hai / 16 / vaimAnika deva-caturtha nikAya ke deva vaimAnika hai| unakA vaimAnika nAma pAribhASika mAtra hai, kyoMki vimAna se to anya nikAyoM ke deva bhI calate hai / 17 / vaimAnika devoM ke do bheda haiM-kalpopapanna aura kalpAtIta / kalpa meM rahanevAle kalpopapanna aura kalpa ke Upara rahanevAle kalpAtIta / ye samasta vaimAnika na to eka hI sthAna meM hai aura na tirache haiM kintu eka-dUsare ke Upara-Upara sthita hai / 18-19 / 1. yaha ananta kA zabdArtha hai| usakA pUrA bhAva jAnane ke lie dekheM-hindI cauthA krmgrnth|

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104 tattvArthasUtra [4. 21-22 saudharma, aizAna Adi bAraha kalpa (svarga) hai| prathama saudharma kalpa jyotizcakra ke asakhyAta yojana Upara meruparvata ke dakSiNa bhAga se upalakSita AkAzapradeza meM sthita hai| usake bahuta Upara kintu uttara kI ora aizAna kalpa hai / saudharma kalpa ke bahuta Upara samazreNi meM sAnatkumAra kalpa hai aura aizAna ke Upara samazreNi meM mAhendra kalpa hai / ina donoM ke madhya meM kintu Upara brahmaloka kalpa hai / isake Upara samazreNi meM kramazaH lAntaka, mahAzukra aura sahasrAra ye tIna kalpa eka-dUsare ke Upara hai / inake Upara saudharma aura aizAna kI taraha Anata aura prANata ye do kalpa hai| inake Upara samazreNi meM sAnatkumAra aura mAhendra kI taraha AraNa aura acyuta kalpa hai| kalpoM se Upara-Upara anukrama se nau vimAna hai jo puruSAkRti loka ke grIvAsthAnIya bhAga me hone se 'veyaka' kahalAte hai / inase Upara-Upara vijaya, vaijayanta, jayanta, aparAjita aura sarvArthasiddha ye pA~ca anuttara vimAna hai / sabase uttara (pradhAna ) hone ke kAraNa ye 'anuttara' kahalAte hai| ___ saudharma kalpa se acyuta kalpa taka ke deva kalpopapanna hai aura inase Upara ke sabhI deva kalpAtIta hai / kalpopapanna devoM meM svAmi-sevakabhAva hotA hai, kalpAtIta meM nahI / sabhI kalpAtIta deva indravat hote hai, ataH ve ahamindra kahalAte hai| manuSyaloka meM kisI nimitta se AvAgamana kA kArya kalpopapanna deva hI karate hai, kalpAtIta deva apanA sthAna chor3akara kahIM nahI jAte / 20 / devo kI uttarottara adhikatA aura hInatA viSayaka bAteM sthitiprabhAvasukhadyutilezyAvizuddhIndriyAvadhiviSayato'dhikAH / 21 / gatizarIraparigrahAbhimAnato honAH / 22 / sthiti, prabhAva, sukha, dyuti, lezyAvizuddhi, indriyaviSaya aura avadhiviSaya kI Upara-Upara ke devoM meM adhikatA hotI hai / gati, zarIra, parigraha aura abhimAna kI Upara-Upara ke devoM meM hInatA hotI hai| nIce-nIce ke devoM se Upara-Upara ke deva sAta bAtoM meM adhika ( baDhe hue) hote hai| ye sAta bAte nimnalikhita hai : 1. sthiti-isakA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa Age sUtra 30 se 53 taka kiyA gayA hai| 2. pramAva-nigraha-abugraha karane kA sAmarthya, aNimA-mahimA Adi siddhiyoM kA sAmarthya aura AkramaNa karake dUsaroM se kAma karavAne kA bala yaha saba prabhAva ke

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4. 21-22 ] devoM kI uttarottara adhikatA aura hInatA biSayaka bAteM 105 antargata hai / yaha prabhAva Upara-Upara ke devoM meM adhika hai, phira bhI unameM uttarottara abhimAna va saMkleza pariNAna kama hone se ve apane prabhAva kA upayoga kama hI karate haiM / 3.4. sukha aura dyuti - indriyoM dvArA grAhya viSayoM kA anubhava karanA sukha hai | zarIra, vastra aura AbharaNa Adi kI dIpti dyuti hai / yaha sukha aura dyuti Upara-Upara ke devoM meM adhika hone se uname uttarottara kSetrasvabhAvajanya zubha pudgala - pariNAma kI prakRSTatA hotI hai | 5. lezyA - vizuddhi -- lezyA ke niyama kI spaSTatA sUtra 23 meM kI jAyegI / yahA~ itanA jJAtavya hai ki jina devoM kI lezyA samAna hai uname bhI nIce kI apekSA Upara ke devoM kI lezyA saMkleza pariNAma kI nyUnatA ke kAraNa uttarottara vizuddha, vizuddhatara hotI hai / 6. indriya viSaya -- dUra se iSTaviSayoM ko grahaNa sAmarthya bhI uttarottara guNa kI vRddhi aura saMkleza kI Upara ke devoM meM uttarottara adhika hotA hai / cAra bAteM aisI hai jo nIce kI hotI hai / ve ye hai : 7. pravadhiviSaya-- avadhijJAna kA sAmarthya bhI Upara-Upara ke devo me adhika hotA hai / pahale dUsare svarga ke deva adhobhUmi meM ratnaprabhA taka, tirache kSetra meM asaMkhyAta lAkha yojana taka aura Urdhvaloka meM apane-apane bhavana taka ke kSetra ko avadhijJAna se jAnate hai / tIsare cauthe svarga ke deva adhobhUmi meM tirache kSetra meM asaMkhyAta lAkha yojana taka aura Urdhvaloka meM taka avadhijJAna se dekha sakate hai / isI prakAra kramazaH baDhate baDhate anuttara-vimAnavAsI deva sampUrNa lokanAlI ko avadhijJAna se dekha sakate hai / jina devo kA avadhijJAna kSetra samAna hotA hai uname bhI nIce kI apekSA Upara ke devoM meM vizuddha, vizuddhatara jJAna kA sAmarthya hotA hai / 21 / apekSA Upara ke devoM meM uttarottara kama karane kA nyUnatA ke indriyoM kA kAraNa Upara For Private Personal Use Only 1. gati - - gamanakriyA kI zakti aura gamanakriyA meM pravRtti ye dono bAte Upara-Upara ke devoM meM kama hotI hai, kyoki unase uttarottara mahAnubhAvatva aura udAsInatva adhika hone se dezAntara viSayaka krIDA karane kI rati ( ruci ) kama hotI jAtI hai / sAnatkumAra Adi kalpoM ke deva jinakI jaghanya Ayusthiti do sAgaropama hotI hai, adhobhUmi meM sAtaveM naraka taka aura tirache kSetra meM asaMkhyAta hajAra koTAkoTi yojana paryanta jAne kA sAmarthya rakhate hai / inake Upara ke zarkarAprabhA taka, apane-apane bhavana

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106 tattvArthasUtra [ 4. 21-22 jaghanya sthitivAle devoM kA gatisAmarthya itanA ghaTa jAtA hai ki ve adhika-seadhika tIsare naraka taka ho jA pAte hai| zakti cAhe adhika ho, para koI deva tIsare naraka se nIce na gayA hai aura na jaayegaa| 2 zarIra--zarIra kA parimANa pahale-dUsare svarga meM sAta hAtha kA, tIsarecauthe svarga meM chaH hAya kA, pA~caveM-chaThe svarga me pA~ca hAtha kA, sAtaveM-AThaveM svarga meM cAra hAtha kA, nave se bArahave svarga taka me tIna-tIna hAtha kA, nau graiveyakoM me do hAtha kA aura anuttaravimAno meM eka hAtha kA hotA hai| 3. parigraha-svargo meM vimAnoM kA parigraha Upara-Upara kama hotA jAtA hai| vaha isa prakAra hai-pahale svarga me battIsa lAkha, dUsare me aTThAIsa lAkha, tIsare meM bAraha lAkha, cauthe meM ATha lAkha, pA~cave meM cAra lAkha, chaThe meM pacAsa hajAra, sAtaveM me cAlIsa hajAra, AThaveM meM chaH hajAra, naveM se bArahave taka meM sAta sau, adhovartI tIna greveyakoM meM eka sau gyAraha, madhyavartI tIna gaveyakoM meM eka sau sAta, UAra ke tIna graiveyakoM me sau aura anuttara meM kevala pA~ca vimAna hai| 4. abhimAna-abhimAna arthAt ahaMkAra / sthAna, parivAra, zakti, viSaya, vibhUti, sthiti Adi ke kAraNa abhimAna utpanna hotA hai / yaha abhimAna kaSAyoM kI mandatA ke kAraNa Upara-Upara ke devoM meM uttarottara kama hotA jAtA hai| inake atirikta aura bhI pAMca bAteM devoM ke sambandha meM jJAtavya hai jo sUtra me nahI kahI gaI hai-1. ucchavAsa, 2. AhAra, 3. vedanA, 4. upapAta aura 5. anubhAva ve isa prakAra hai : 1. ucchavAsa-jaise-jaise devoM kI Ayusthiti bar3hatI jAtI hai vaise-vaise ucchvAsa kA samaya bhI bar3hatA jAtA hai, jaise dasa hajAra varSa kI AyuvAle devoM kA eka-eka ucchvAsa sAta-sAta stoka meM hotA hai / eka palyopama kI AyuvAle devoM kA ucchvAsa eka dina meM eka hI hotA hai| sAgaropama kI AyuvAle devoM ke viSaya meM yaha niyama hai ki jinakI Ayu jitane sAgaropama kI ho unakA ekaeka ucchvAsa utane pakSa meM hotA hai / 2 prAhAra-AhAra ke viSaya meM yaha niyama hai ki dasa hajAra varSa kI AyuvAle deva eka-eka dina bIca me chor3akara AhAra grahaNa karate hai / palyopama kI AyuvAle dinapRthaktva' ke bAda AhAra lete hai / sAgaropama kI sthitivAle devoM ke viSaya meM yaha niyama hai ki jinakI Ayu jitane sAgaropama kI ho ve deva utane hajAra varSa ke bAda AhAra grahaNa karate hai / 1. do kI saMkhyA se lekara nau kI saMkhyA taka pRthaktva kA vyavahAra hotA hai /

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4. 23-24 ] vaimAnikoM meM lezyA-kalpoM kI parigaNanA 107 3. vedanA-sAmAnyataH devoM ke sAtA ( sukha-vedanA ) hI hotI hai| kabhI asAtA ( duHkha-vedanA ) ho jAya to vaha antarmuhUrta se adhika kAla taka nahI rahatI / sAtA-vedanA bhI lagAtAra cha: mahIne taka eka-sI rahakara badala jAtI hai / 4. upapAta-upapAta arthAt utpattisthAna kI yogytaa| para arthAt jainetaraliGgika mithyAtvI bArahaveM svarga taka hI utpanna ho sakate hai / sva arthAt jainaliGgika mithyAtvI greveyaka taka jA sakate hai / samyagdRSTi pahale svarga se sarvArthasiddha taka kahIM bhI jA sakate hai, parantu caturdaza pUrvadhArI saMyata pA~caveM svarga se nIce utpanna nahIM hote| 5 anubhAva-anubhAva arthAt lokasvabhAva ( jagaddharma ) / isI ke kAraNa saba vimAna tathA siddhazilA Adi AkAza meM nirAdhAra avasthita hai| arihanta bhagavAn ke janmAbhiSeka Adi prasaMgoM para devoM ke Asana kA kampita honA bhI lokAnubhAva kA hI kArya hai / Asanakampa ke anantara avadhijJAna ke upayoga se tIrthaGkara kI mahimA ko jAnakara kucha deva unake nikaTa pahu~cakara unakI stuti, vandanA, upAsanA Adi karake AtmakalyANa karate hai| kucha deva apane hI sthAna para pratyutthAna, aJjalikarma, praNipAta, namaskAra, upahAra Adi dvArA tIrthaGkara kI arcA karate hai| yaha bhI lokAnubhAva kA hI kArya hai / 22 / vaimAnikoM meM lezyA pItapadmazuklalezyA dvitrizeSeSu / 23 / do, tIna aura zeSa svargoM meM kramazaH pIta, padma aura zukla lezyAvAle deva haiN| pahale do svargoM ke devoM meM pIta ( tejaH ) lezyA hotI hai| tIsare se pAMcaveM svarga taka ke devoM meM padmalezyA aura chaThe se sarvArthasiddha taka ke devoM me zuklalezyA hotI hai| yaha vidhAna zarIravarNarUpa dravyalezyA ke viSaya me hai, kyoMki adhyavasAyarUpa chahoM bhAvalezyAe~ to saba devoM meM hotI hai / 23 / _kalpoM kI parigaNanA prAgadmaveyakebhyaH klpaaH| 24 / greveyakoM se pahale kalpa haiM / jinameM indra, sAmAnika, trAyastriza Adi rUpa meM devoM ke vibhAga kI kalpanA hai ve kalpa kahalAte hai / aise kalpa bAraha hai jo graiveyaka ke pahale taka arthAt saudharma se acyuta taka hai / graiveyaka se lekara Upara ke sabhI devaloka kalpAtIta haiM,

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108 tattvArthasUtra [ 4. 25-26 kyoki unameM indra, sAmAnika, trAyastriza Adi kI vibhAga-kalpanA nahI hai; ve sabhI samAna hone se ahamindra hai / 24 / lokAntika deva brahmalokAlayA lokAntikAH / 25 / sArasvatAdityavahnayaruNagardatoyatuSitAvyAbAdhamaruto'riSTAzca / 26 / brahmaloka hI lokAntika devoM kA Alaya (nivAsasthAna ) hai / sArasvata, Aditya, vahni, aruNa, gardatoya, tuSita, avyAbAdha, maruta aura ariSTa ye lokAntika hai / lokAntika deva viSayarati se pare hone se devarSi kahalAte hai, Apasa meM choTe-baDe na hone ke kAraNa sabhI svatantra hai aura tIrthaGkara ke niSkramaNa ( gRhatyAga ) ke samaya unake samakSa upasthita hokara 'bujjhaha bujjhaha' zabda dvArA pratibodhana ke rUpa meM apane AcAra kA pAlana karate hai| ye brahmaloka nAmaka pA~caveM svarga ke hI cAroM ora dizAo-vidizAoM meM rahate hai, anyatra kahIM nahIM rahate / ye sabhI vahA~ se cyuta hokara manuSya-janma dhAraNa kara mokSa prApta karate hai / pratyeka dizA, pratyeka vidizA aura madhyabhAga meM eka-eka jAti ke basane ke kAraNa lokAntikoM kI kula nau jAtiyA~ hai, jaise pUrvottara arthAt IzAnakoNa meM sArasvata, pUrva me Aditya, pUrvadakSiNa ( agnikoNa ) me vahni, dakSiNa me aruNa, dakSiNapazcima (naiRtyakoNa ) me gardatoya, pazcima me tuSita, pazcimottara ( vAyavyakoNa ) meM avyAbAdha, uttara me maruta aura bIca me arisstt| inake sArasvata Adi nAma vimAnoM ke nAma ke AdhAra para hI prasiddha hai| hA~, itanI vizeSatA aura hai ki ina do sUtroM ke mUla bhASya meM lokAntika devo ke ATha hI bheda nirdiSTa hai, nau nahI / digambara saMpradAya ke sUtrapATha me bhI ATha kI saMkhyA hI upalabdha 1. rAyala eziyATika sosAyaTI kI mudrita pustaka me 'ariSTAzca' isa aMza ko nizcita rUpa se sUtra meM na rakhakara koSThaka me rakhA gayA hai, parantu manasukha bhagubhAI kI mudgita pustaka me yahI aMza 'riSTAzca' pATha ke rUpa meM sUtragata hI chapA hai| yadyapi vetAmbara saMpradAya ke mUla sUtra meM ''riSTAzca' pATha hai tathApi isa satra ke bhASya kI TIkA me 'sAriNopAttAH riSTavimAnaprastAravatibhiH' Adi kA ullekha hai / isase 'ariSTa' ke sthAna para 'riSTa' hone kA bhI tarka ho sakatA hai| parantu digambara saMpradAya me isa satra kA antima aMza ''vyAbAdhAriSTAzca' pATha ke rUpa meM milatA hai / isase yahA~ spaSTataH 'ariSTa' hI niSpanna hotA hai, 'riSTa' nahIM, sAtha hI 'maruta' kA bhI vidhAna nahIM hai|

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4. 27-21 ] anuttara vimAno ke deva, tithaMca, adhikAra-sUtra 109 hotI hai, usameM 'maruta' kA ullekha nahI hai| sthAnAGga Adi sUtroM meM nau bheda milate hai / uttamacaritra meM to dasa bhedoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / isase jJAta hotA hai ki mUla sUtra meM 'maruto' pATha bAda me prakSipta huA hai / 25-26 / anuttara vimAnoM ke devo kI vizeSatA vijayAdiSu dvicrmaaH| 27 / vijayAdi ke deva dvicarama hote hai arthAt do bAra manuSyajanma dhAraNa kara mokSa prApta karate haiM / anuttara vimAna pA~ca hai / uname se vijaya, vaijayanta, jayanta aura aparAjita ina cAra vimAnoM ke deva dvicarama hote hai / ve adhika-se-adhika do bAra manuSyajanma dhAraNa karake mokSa prApta kara lete hai / isakA krama isa prakAra hai ki cAra anuttara vimAnoM se cyuta hone ke bAda manuSyajanma, usake bAda anuttara vimAna me devajanma, vahA~ se phira manuSyajanma aura usI janma se mokSa / parantu sarvArthasiddha vimAnavAsI deva cyuta hone ke bAda kevala eka bAra manuSyajanma dhAraNa karake usI janma se mokSa prApta karate hai| anuttara vimAnavAsI devoM ke atirikta anya saba devoM ke lie koI niyama nahIM hai, kyoki koI to eka hI gara manuSyajanma lekara mokSa jAte hai, koI do bAra tIna bAra, cAra bAra yA aura bhI adhika bAra manuSyajanma dhAraNa karate hai / 27 / tiryaco kA svarUpa __ aupapAtikamanuSyebhyaH zeSAstiryagyonayaH / 28 / aupapAtika aura manuSya se jo zeSa haiM ve tiryaca yonivAle haiN| 'tiryaca kauna hai ?' isa prazna kA uttara isa sUtra meM varNita hai / aupapAtika ( deva tathA nAraka ) tathA manuSya ko choDakara zeSa sabhI saMsArI jIva tiryaca hai / deva, nAraka aura manuSya kevala paJcendriya hote hai, para tiryaMca me ekeMdriya se pacedriya taka saba jIva A jAte hai / deva, nAraka aura manuSya loka ke vizeSa bhAgoM me hI hote hai, tiryaJca nahIM, kyoki unakA sthAna loka ke saba bhAgoM meM hai / 28 / adhikAra-pUtra sthitiH / 29 / Ayu kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai /

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110 tattvArthasUtra [ 4. 30-38 ___ manuSyoM aura tiryaJcoM kI jaghanya aura utkRSTa Ayu batalAI gaI hai / devoM aura nArakoM kI Ayu batalAnA zeSa hai, jo isa adhyAya kI samApti taka vaNita hai| 29 / bhavanapatinikAya kI utkRSTa sthiti bhavaneSu dakSiNArdhAdhipatInAM palyopamamadhyardham / 30 / zeSANAM pAdone / 31 / asurendrayoH sAgaropamamadhikaM ca / 32 / bhavanoM meM dakSiNArdha ke indroM kI sthiti Der3ha palyopama hai| zeSa indroM kI sthiti paune do palyopama hai| do asurendroM kI sthiti kramazaH sAgaropama aura kucha adhika sAgaropama hai| yahA~ bhavanapatinikAya kI utkRSTa sthiti batalAI gaI hai, kyoki jaghanyasthiti kA varNana Age sUtra 45 me AyA hai| bhavanapatinikAya ke asurakumAra, nAgakumAra Adi dasa bheda hai / pratyeka varga ke dakSiNArdha ke adhipati aura uttarArdha ke adhipati ke rUpa me do-do indra hai| uname se dakSiNa aura uttara ke do asurendro kI utkRSTa sthiti isa prakAra hai-dakSiNArdha ke adhipati camara nAmaka asurendra kI sthiti eka sAgaropama aura uttarArdha ke adhipati bali nAmaka asurendra kI sthiti eka sAgaropama se kucha adhika hai / asurakumAra ko chor3akara nAgakumAra Adi zeSa nau prakAra ke bhavanapati devo ke dakSiNArdha ke dharaNa Adi nau indroM kI sthiti Der3ha palyopama aura uttarArdha ke bhUtAnanda Adi nau indroM kI sthiti paune do palyopama hai / 30-32 / vaimAnikoM kI utkRSTa sthiti saudharmAdiSu yathAkramam / 33 / sAgaropame / 34 / adhike ca / 35 / sapta sAnatkumAre / 36 // vizeSatrisaptadazaikAdazatrayodazapaJcadazabhiradhikAni ca / 37 / AraNAcyutAdUrdhvamekaikena navasu praiveyakeSu vijayAdiSu sarvArthasiddhe ca / 38 //

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4. 39-42 ] vaimAnika devoM kI jadhanya sthiti saudharma Adi devalokoM meM kramazaH nimnokta sthiti hai| saudharma meM sthiti do sAgaropama hai| aizAna meM sthiti kucha adhika do sAgaropama hai| sAnatkumAra meM sthiti sAta sAgaropama hai| mAhendra se AraNa-acyuta taka kramazaH kucha adhika sAta sAgaropama, tIna se adhika sAta sAgaropama, sAta se adhika sAta sAgaropama, dasa se adhika sAta sAgaropama, gyAraha se adhika sAta sAgaropama, teraha se adhika sAta sAgaropama, pandraha se adhika sAta sAgaropama sthiti hai| AraNa-acyuta ke Upara nau aveyaka, cAra vijayAdi aura sarvArthasiddha meM sthiti anukrama se eka-eka sAgaropama adhika hai| yahA~ vaimAnika devoM kI kramazaH jo sthiti varNita hai vaha utkRSTa hai / pahale svarga me do sAgaropama, dUsare me do sAgaropama se kucha adhika, tIsare me sAta sAgaropama, cauthe meM sAta sAgaropama se kucha adhika, pAMcaveM me dasa sAgaropama, chaThe me caudaha sAgaropama, sAtaveM meM satraha sAgaropama, AThaveM me aThAraha sAgaropama, naveM-dasaveM me bIsa sAgaropama aura gyArahaveM-bArahave me bAIsa sAgaropama kI sthiti hai / prathama praiveyaka me teIsa sAgaropama, dUsare me caubIsa sAgaropama, isI prakAra eka-eka bar3hate-baDhate nave praiveyaka me ikatIsa sAgaropama kI sthiti hai| pahale cAra anuttara vimAnoM meM battIsa' aura sarvArthasiddha me taitIsa sAgaropama kI sthiti hai| 33-38 / vaimAnika devoM kI jaghanya sthiti aparA palyopamamadhikaM ca / 39 / sAgaropame / 40 / adhike ca / 41 // parataH parataH pUrvA pUrvA'nantarA / 42 / aparA ( jaghanya sthiti ) palyopama aura kucha adhika palyopama kI hai| do sAgaropama kI hai| 1. digambara TIkAo me aura kahI-kahI zvetAmbara grantho me bhI vijayAdi cAra vimAnoM meM utkRSTa sthiti tetIsa sAgaropama mAnI gaI hai| dekhe-isI adhyAya ke satra 42 kA bhASya / saMgrahaNI grantha me bhI utkRSTa sthiti taitIsa sAgaropama kahI gaI hai|

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112 tattvArthasUtra kucha adhika do sAgaropama kI hai / pahale-pahale kI utkRSTa sthiti Age-Age kI jaghanya sthiti hai / saudharmAdi kalpo kI jaghanya sthiti kramazaH isa prakAra hai-- pahale svarga meM eka palyopama, dUsare meM eka palyopama se kucha adhika, tIsare meM do sAgaropama, cauthe meM do sAgaropama se kucha adhika, pA~caveM se Age-Age sabhI devalokoM meM jaghanya sthiti vahI hai jo apanI-apanI apekSA pUrva-pUrva ke devalokoM meM utkRSTa sthiti hai / isake anusAra cauthe devaloka kI kucha adhika sAta sAgaropama kI utkRSTa sthiti hI pA~caveM devaloka me jaghanya sthiti hai; pA~caveM kI dasa sAgaropama kI utkRSTa sthiti chaThe meM jaghanya hai, chaThe kI caudaha sAgaropama kI utkRSTa sthiti sAtaveM meM jaghanya hai, sAtaveM kI satraha sAgaropama kI utkRSTa sthiti, AThaveM meM jaghanya hai, AThaveM kI aThAraha sAgaropama kI utkRSTa sthiti naveM - dasaveM meM jaghanya hai, naveM -dasarve kI bIsa sAgaropama kI utkRSTa sthiti gyArahaveM - bArahave meM jaghanya hai, gyArahaveM - bArahaveM kI bAIsa sAgaropama kI utkRSTa sthiti prathama graiveyaka meM jaghanya hai / isI prakAra nIce-nIce ke graiveyaka kI utkRSTa sthiti Upara-Upara ke graiveyaka meM jaghanya hai / isa krama se nave graiveyaka kI jaghanya sthiti tIsa sAgaropama hai / cAra anuttara vimAnoM meM jaghanya sthiti ikatIsa sAgaropama hai / sarvArthasiddha kI utkRSTa aura jaghanya sthiti meM koI antara nahI hai, vahA~ taitIsa sAgaropama kI sthiti hai / 39-42 / nArakoM kI jaghanya sthiti [ 4. 43-44 nArakANAM ca dvitIyAdiSu / 43 / dazavarSasahasrANi prathamAyAm / 44 / nArakoM kI dUsarI Adi bhUmiyoM meM pUrva-pUrva kI utkRSTa sthiti hI anantara- anantara kI jaghanya sthiti hai / pahalI bhUmi me jaghanya sthiti dasa hajAra varSa kI hai / sUtra 42 me devo kI jaghanya sthiti kA jo krama hai vahI krama dUsarI se lekara sAtavI bhUmi taka ke nArakoM ko jaghanya sthiti kA hai / isake anusAra pahalI bhUmi kI eka sAgaropama kI utkRSTa sthiti dUsarI kI jaghanya sthiti hai / dUsarI kI tIna sAgaropama kI utkRSTa sthiti tIsarI kI jaghanya hai / tIsarI kI sAta sAgaropama utkRSTa sthiti cauthI kI jaghanya hai / cauthI kI dasa sAgaropama utkRSTa sthiti pA~cavI kI jaghanya hai / pA~cadI kI satraha sAgaropama utkRSTa sthiti chaThI kI jaghanya hai / chaThI kI bAIsa sAgaropama utkRSTa sthiti sAtavI kI jaghanya hai / pahalI bhUmi me nArakoM kI jaghanya sthiti dasa hajAra varSa kI hai / 43-44 / For Private Personal Use Only

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4. 45-53] bhavanapati, vyantara tathA jyotiSkoM kI sthiti 113 bhavanapatiyoM kI jaghanya sthiti bhavaneSu ca / 45 // bhavanapatiyoM kI bhI jaghanya sthiti dasa hajAra varSa hI hai| vyantaroM kI sthiti vyantarANAM ca / 46 / parA palyopamam / 47 // vyantara devoM kI bhI jaghanya sthiti dasa hajAra varSa hI hai| utkRSTa sthiti eka palyopama pramANa hai / 46-47 / jyotiSkoM kI sthiti jyotiSkANAmadhikam / 48 / grahANAmekam / 49 / nakSatrANAmardham / 50 / tArakANAM caturbhAgaH / 51 / jaghanyA tvssttbhaagH| 52 // caturbhAgaH zeSANAm / 53 / jyotiSka arthAt sUrya va candra kI utkRSTa sthiti kucha adhika eka palyopama pramANa hai| grahoM kI utkRSTa sthiti eka palyopama hai| nakSatroM kI utkRSTa sthiti ardha palyopama hai / tAroM ko utkRSTa sthiti palyopama kA caturthAza hai / jaghanya sthiti palyopama kA aSTamAMza hai| zeSa jyotiSkoM arthAt grahoM va nakSatroM kI ( tAroM ko chor3akara ) jaghanya sthiti palyopama kA caturthAMza hai / 48-53 /

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ajIva dvitIya se caturtha adhyAya taka jIva tattva kA nirUpaNa huaa| prastuta adhyAya me ajIva tattva kA nirUpaNa kiyA jA rahA hai / ajIva ke bheda ___ajIvakAyA dharmAdharmAkAzapudgalAH / 1 / dharmAstikAya,adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya aura pudgalAstikAya ye cAra ajIvakAya hai| nirUpaNaniyama ke anusAra pahale lakSaNa kA aura phira bhedoM kA kathana honA cAhie, phira bhI yahA~ sUtrakAra ne ajIva tattva kA lakSaNa na batalAkara usake bhedoM kA kathana kiyA hai / isakA Azaya yaha hai ki ajIva kA lakSaNa jIva ke lakSaNa se hI jJAta ho jAtA hai, usakA alaga se varNana karane kI vizeSa AvazyakatA nahI / a+jIva arthAt jo jIva nahI hai vaha ajIva / jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hai| jisameM upayoga na ho vaha tattva ajIva hai| isa prakAra ajIva kA lakSaNa upayoga kA abhAva hI phalita hotA hai / ajIva jIva kA virodhI bhAvAtmaka tattva hai, kevala abhAvAtmaka nhiiN| dharma Adi cAra ajIva tattvoM ko astikAya kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki ye tattva eka pradezarUpa yA eka avayavarUpa nahI hai, apitu pracaya arthAt samUharUpa hai| dharma, adharma aura AkAza ye tIna tattva to pradezapracayarUpa hai tathA pudgala tattva avayavarUpa va avayavapracayarUpa hai| ajIva tattva ke bhedoM me kAla kI gaNanA nahI kI gaI hai, kyoMki kAla ko tattva mAnane meM matabheda hai / kAla ko tattva mAnanevAle AcArya bhI use kevala pradezAtmaka mAnate hai, pradezapracayarUpa nahI mAnate; ataH unake mata se bhI astikAyoM ke sAtha kAla kA parigaNana yukta nahI hai aura jo AcArya kAla ko svatantra tattva nahI mAnate unake mata se to tattva ke bhedoM meM kAla kA parigaNana sambhava hI nahIM hai| - 114 -

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5. 2-6 ] mUla dravya tathA unakA sAdharmya - vaidharmya prazna- ukta cAra ajIva tattva kyA anya darzanoM meM bhI mAnya hai ? uttara -- nahI / AkAza aura pudgala ina do tattvoM ko to vaizeSika, nyAya, sAMkhya Adi darzanoM ne bhI mAnA hai, parantu dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya ina do tattvoM ko jaina darzana ke atirikta anya kisI bhI darzana ne nahI mAnA hai / jisa tattva ko jaina darzana me AkAzAstikAya kahA gayA hai use jainetara darzanoM me AkAza kahA gayA hai / 'pudgalAstikAya' saMjJA kevala jaina zAstroM me prasiddha hai / jainesara zAstro meM pudgalasthAnIya tattva pradhAna, prakRti, paramANu Adi zabdoM se vyavahRta hai / 1 / mUladravya dravyANi jIvAzca / 2 / dharmAstikAya Adi cAra ajIva tattva aura jIva ye pAMca dravya haiM / jaina dRSTi ke anusAra yaha jagat kevala paryAya arthAt parivartanarUpa nahI hai, kintu parivartanazIla hone para bhI anAdi-nidhana hai / isa jagat meM jaina darzana ke anusAra astikAyarUpa pA~ca mUla dravya hai, ve hI isa sUtra meM nirdiSTa hai / isa sUtra tathA Age ke kucha sUtroM me dravyo ke sAmAnya tathA vizeSa dharma kA varNana karake unake pArasparika sAdharmya - vaidharmya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / sAdharmya arthAt samAnadharma ( samAnatA ) aura vaidharmya arthAt viddhadharma ( asamAnatA ) / isa sUtra meM dravyatva arthAt dharmAstikAya Adi pA~coM ke dravyarUpa sAdharmya kA vidhAna hai / vaidharmya to guNa yA paryAya kA ho sakatA hai, kyoki guNa aura paryAya svayaM dravya nahI hai / 2 / I mUla dravyoM kA sAdharmya aura vaidharmya nityAvasthitAnyarUpANi / 3 / rUpiNaH pudgalAH / 4 / rsskAzAdekadravyANi / 5 / niSkriyANi ca / 6 / 1 ukta dravya nitya haiM, sthira haiM aura arUpI ( amUrtaM ) haiM | pudgala rUpI ( mUrta ) haiM | 115 1. bhASya meM 'A AkAzAt' aisA sandhirahita pATha hai / digambara paramparA meM bhI sUtra - pATha sandhirahita hI hai| I For Private Personal Use Only

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116 tattvArthasUtra [ 5. 2-6 ukta pA~ca meM se AkAza taka ke dravya eka-eka haiN| tathA niSkriya hai| dharmAstikAya Adi pA~coM dravya nitya hai aura apane sAmAnya tathA vizeSa svarUpa se kadApi cyuta nahI hote / pA~co sthira bhI hai, kyoki unakI saMkhyA me nyUnAdhikatA nahI hotI, parantu arUpI to dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya aura jIvAstikAya ye cAra hI dravya hai / pudgala dravya arUpI nahIM hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki nityatva tathA avasthitatva dono hI pA~co dravyoM ke sAdharmya hai, parantu arUpitva pudgala ke atirikta zeSa cAra dravyo kA sAdharmya hai / prazna-nityatva aura avasthitatva ke artha me kyA antara hai ? uttara-apane sAmAnya tathA vizeSa svarUpa se cyuta na honA nityatva hai aura apane svarUpa me sthira rahate hue bhI anya tattva ke svarUpa ko prApta na karanA avasthitatva hai| jaise jIva tattva apane dravyAtmaka sAmAnya rUpa aura cetanAtmaka vizeSa rUpa ko kabhI nahI choDatA, yaha usakA nityatva hai aura apane isa svarUpa ko na choDate hue bhI ajIva tattva ke svarUpa ko prApta nahIM karatA, yaha usakA avasthitatva hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki sva-svarUpa ko na tyAganA aura para-svarUpa ko prApta na karanA ye do aza (dharma) sabhI dravyoM me samAna hai / pahalA aMza nityatva aura dUsarA aMza avasthitatva kahalAtA hai / dravyoM ke nityatvakathana se jagat kI zAzvatatA prakaTa kI jAtI hai aura avasthitatvakathana se unakA pArasparika asAkarya prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai arthAt ve saba parivartanazIla hote hue bhI apane svarUpa me sadA sthita hai aura eka sAtha rahate hue bhI eka-dUsare ke svabhAva ( lakSaNa ) se aspRSTa hai / isa prakAra yaha jagat anAdi-nidhana bhI hai aura jagat ke mUla tattvoM kI saMkhyA bhI samAna rahatI hai| prazna-jaba dharmAstikAya Adi ajIva dravya aura tattva hai taba unakA koIna-koI svarUpa avazya mAnanA par3egA, phira unhe arUpI kyoM kahA gayA ? / uttara-yahA~ arUpI kahane kA Azaya svarUpaniSedha nahI hai, strarUpa to dharmAstikAya Adi tattvo kA bhI hotA hI hai| unakA koI svarUpa na ho to ve ghoDe ke sIga kI taraha vastu hI siddha na hoN| yahA~ arUpitva ke kathana kA tAtparya rUpa kA niSedha hai / yahA~ rUpa kA artha mUrti hai / rUpa Adi saMsthAna-pariNAma ko athavA rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza ke samudAya ko mUrti kahate hai jisakA dharmAstikAya Adi cAra tattvoM meM abhAva hotA hai| yahI bAta 'arUpI' pada dvArA kahI gaI hai| 3 /

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5 7-11 ] pradezo kI saMkhyA 117 rUpa, mUrtatva, mUrti ye saba zabda samAnArthaka hai / rUpa, rasa Adi indriyagrAhya guNa hI mUrti kahe jAte hai / pudgalo ke guNa indriyagrAhya hai isalie pudgala hI mUrta ( rUpI) hai / pudgala ke atirikta anya dravya mUrta nahI hai, kyoki ve indriyoM dvArA gRhIta nahI hote / ataH rUpitva guNa pudgala ko chor3akara dharmAstikAya Adi cAra tattvo kA vaidharmya hai| atIndriya hone se paramANu Adi aneka sUkSma dravya aura unake guNa indriyagrAhya nahI hai, phira bhI viziSTa pariNAmarUpa avasthA-vizeSa meM ve indriyo dvArA gRhIta hone kI yogyatA rakhate hai, ataH atIndriya hote hue bhI ve rUpI ( mUrta ) hI hai| dharmAstikAya Adi cAra arUpI dravyoM me to indriya-viSaya banane kI yogyatA hI nahI hai / atIndriya pudgala aura atIndriya dharmAstikAyAdi dravyoM me yahI antara hai / 4 / ___ ina pA~ca dravyoM me se AkAza taka ke tIna dravya arthAt dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya aura AkAzAstikAya eka-eka ikAIrUpa hai| inake do yA do se adhika vibhAga nahI hai| isI prakAra tInoM niSkriya ( kriyArahita ) hai| eka ikAI aura niSkriyatA ye dono ukta tInoM dravyoM kA sAdharmya aura jIvAstikAya tathA pudgalAstikAya kA vaidharmya hai| jIva aura pudgala dravya kI aneka ikAiyA~ hai aura ve kriyAzIla bhI hai / jaina darzana me Atma dravya ko vedAnta kI bhA~ti eka ikAIrUpa nahIM mAnA gayA aura sAkhya-vaizeSika Adi sabhI vaidika darzano kI taraha use niSkriya bhI nahI mAnA gyaa| prazna-jaina darzana ke anusAra sabhI dravyoM meM paryAyapariNamana ( utpAda-vyaya) mAnA jAtA hai / yaha pariNamana kriyAzIla dravyoM meM hI ho sakatA hai / dharmAstikAya Adi tIna dravyoM ko niSkriya mAnane para unameM paryAyapariNamana kaise ghaTita ho sakegA? uttara-yahA~ niSkriyatva se abhiprAya gatikriyA kA niSedha hai, kriyAmAtra kA nahI / jaina darzana ke anusAra niSkriya dravya kA artha 'gatizUnya dravya' hai / gatizUnya dharmAstikAya Adi dravyoM me bhI sadRzapariNamanarUpa kriyA jaina darzana ko mAnya pradezoM kI saMkhyA asaGghaya yAH pradezA dharmAdharmayoH / 7 / jovasya / 8 //

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118 tattvArthasUtra [ 5.7-11 AkAzasyAnantAH / 9 / saGghaya yA'saGghaya yAzca pudgalAnAm / 10 / naannoH|11| dharma aura adharma ke pradeza asaMkhyAta hai| eka jIva ke pradeza asakhyAta hai| AkAza ke pradeza ananta haiM / pudagala dravya ke pradeza saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta hai / aNu ( paramANu ) ke pradeza nahIM hote / dharma, adharma Adi cAra ajova aura jIva ina pA~ca dravyo ko 'kAya' kahakara pahale yaha nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai ki pA~ca dravya astikAya arthAt pradezapracayarUpa hai / parantu unake pradezoM kI vizeSa sakhyA yahA~ pahale-pahala darzAyI gaI hai / dharmAstikAya aura adharmAskiAya donoM dravyoM ke pradeza asaMkhyAta hai| pradeza arthAt eka aisA sUkSma aMza jisake dUsare aMza kI kalpanA bhI nahI kI jA sakatI / aise avibhAjya sUkSma ko niraMza-aMza bhI kahate hai / dharma va adharma ye donoM dravya eka-eka ikAIrUpa hai aura unake pradeza ( avibhAjya aMza ) asaMkhyAtaasaMkhyAta hai| ukta donoM dravya aise akhaMDa skandharUpa hai jinake asaMkhyAta avibhAjya sUkSma aMza kevala buddhi se kalpita kiye jA sakate hai, ve vastubhUta skandha se pRthaka nahI kiye jA sakate / jIva dravya ikAIrUpa me ananta hai| pratyeka jIva eka akhaMDa ikAI hai, jo dharmAstikAya kI taraha asaMkhyAta-pradezI hai| AkAza dravya anya saba dravyoM se bar3A skandha hai kyoki vaha anantapradezI hai / pudgala dravya ke skandha anya cAra dravyo kI taraha niyata rUpa nahI hai, kyoMki koI pudgala-skandha saMkhyAta pradezoM kA hotA hai, koI asaMkhyAta pradezoM kA, koI ananta pradezo kA aura koI anantAnanta pradezo kA / pudgala tathA anya dravyoM me antara yaha hai ki pudgala ke pradeza apane skandha se alaga-alaga ho sakate hai, para anya cAra dravyoM ke apane pradeza apane-apane skandha se alaga nahI ho sakate, kyoMki pudgala ke atirikta cAro dravya amUrta hai, aura amUrta kA svabhAva hai khaNDita na honA / pudgala dravya mUrta hai, mUrta ke khaMDa ho sakate hai, kyoki saMzleSa aura vizleSa ke dvArA milane kI tathA alaga hone kI

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5. 12-16 ] dravyoM kA sthitikSetra zakti marta dravya meM hotI hai / isI antara ke kAraNa pudgalaskandha ke choTe-bar3e sabhI aMzoM ko avayava kahate haiM / avayava arthAt alaga honevAlA aMza / paramANu bhI pudgala hone se mUrta hai kintu usakA vibhAga nahIM hotA, kyoMki vaha AkAza ke pradeza kI taraha pudgala kA choTe-se-choTA aMza hai / paramANu kA parimANa sabase choTA hai, ataH vaha bhI avibhAjya aMza hai / / yahA~ paramANu ke khaMDa yA aMza na hone kI bAta dravya ( ikAI ) rUpa se kahI gaI hai, paryAyarUpa se nhii| paryAyarUpa meM to usake bhI aMzoM kI kalpanA kI gaI hai, kyoMki eka hI paramANu me varNa, gandha, rasa Adi aneka paryAya hai aura ve sabhI usa dravya ke bhAvarUpa aMza hI hai| isalie eka paramANu ke bhI aneka bhAvaparamANu mAne jAte hai / prazna-dharma Adi ke pradeza aura pudgala ke paramANu meM kyA antara hai ? uttara-parimANa kI dRSTi se koI antara nahI hai| jitane kSetra meM paramANu raha sakatA hai use pradeza kahate hai / paramANu avibhAjya aMza hone se usake samAne yogya kSetra bhI avibhAjya hI hogA / ataH paramANu aura tatparimita pradezasaMjJaka kSetra donoM hI parimANa kI dRSTi se samAna hai, to bhI unameM yaha antara hai ki paramANu apane aMzIbhUta skandha se pRthaka ho sakatA hai, parantu dharma Adi dravyoM ke pradeza apane skandha se pRthaka nahI ho sakate / prazna-naveM sUtra meM 'ananta' pada hai usase pudgala dravya ke aneka ananta pradeza hone kA artha to nikala sakatA hai, parantu anantAnanta pradeza hone kA artha kisa pada se nikAlA gayA hai ? uttara-'ananta' pada sAmAnya hai, vaha saba prakAra kI ananta saMkhyAoM kA bodha karAtA hai / ataH usI se anantAnanta artha prApta ho jAtA hai / 7-11 / dravyoM kA sthitikSetra lokaakaashe'vgaahH| 12 / dharmAdharmayoH kRtsne / 13 / ekapradezAdiSu bhAjyaH pudgalAnAm / 14 / asaGkhya yabhAgAdiSu jIvAnAm / 15 / pradezasaMhAravisargAbhyAM pradIpavat / 16 / Adheya ( ThaharanevAle ) dravyoM kI sthiti lokAkAza meM hI hai| dharma aura adharma dravyoM kI sthiti samagra lokAkAza meM hai|

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120 tattvArthasUtra [5. 12-16 pudgaloM kI sthiti lokAkAza ke eka pradeza Adi meM vikalpa ( anizcita rUpa ) se hai / jIvoM kI sthiti loka ke asakhyAtave bhAga Adi meM hotI hai| kyoki pradIpa kI bhA~ti unake pradezoM kA sakoca aura vistAra hotA hai| jagat pA~ca astikAyarUpa hai, isalie prazna uThatA hai ki ina astikAyoM kA AdhAra ( sthitikSetra ) kyA hai ? unakA AdhAra anya koI dravya hai athavA pA~coM me se hI koI eka dravya hai ? isa prazna kA uttara yahA~ yaha diyA gayA hai ki AkAza hI AdhAra hai aura zeSa saba dravya Adheya hai| yaha uttara vyavahAradRSTi se hai, nizcayadRSTi se to sabhI dravya svapratiSTha ( apane-apane svarUpa me sthita ) hai, eka dravya dUsare dravya me tAttvika dRSTi se nahI rahatA / prazna ho sakatA hai ki jaba dharma Adi cAra dravyoM kA AdhAra vyavahAradRSTi se AkAza mAnA gayA hai to AkAza kA AdhAra kyA hai ? isakA uttara yahI hai ki AkAza kA anya koI AdhAra nahIM hai, kyoMki usase bar3A yA usake tulya parimANa kA anya koI tattva nahIM hai / isa prakAra vyavahAra evaM nizcaya donoM dRSTiyoM se AkAza svapratiSTha hI hai / AkAza ko anya dravyoM kA AdhAra isIlie kahA gayA hai ki vaha saba dravyoM se mahAn hai / AdheyabhUta dharma Adi cAra dravya bhI samagra AkAza me nahI rahate / ve AkAza ke eka parimita bhAga meM hI sthita hai aura AkAza kA yaha bhAga 'loka' kahalAtA hai| loka kA artha hai pAMca astikAya / isa bhAga ke bAhara cAro ora ananta AkAza phailA hai| usameM anya dravyoM kI sthiti na hone se vaha bhAga alokAkAza kahalAtA hai| yahA~ astikAyo ke AdhArAdheya sambandha kA vicAra lokAkAza ko lekara hI kiyA gayA hai| dharma aura adharma ye donoM astikAya aise akhaNDa skandha hai jo sampUrNa lokAkAza meM sthita hai / vastutaH akhaNDa AkAza ke loka aura aloka bhAgo kI kalpanA bhI dharma-adharma dravya-sambandha ke kAraNa hI hai / jahA~ dharma-adharma dravyo kA sambandha na ho vaha aloka aura jahA~ taka sambandha ho vaha loka / pudgala dravya kA AdhAra sAmAnyataH lokAkAza hI niyata hai, tathApi vizeSa rUpa se bhinna-bhinna pudgaloM ke AdhArakSetra ke parimANa me antara paDatA hai| pudgala dravya dharma-adharma dravya kI taraha eka ikAI to hai nahI ki usake ekarUpa AdhArakSetra kI sambhAvanA mAnI jA sake / bhinna-bhinna ikAI hote hue bhI pudgaloM ke parimANa me vividhatA hai, ekarUpatA nahI hai| isIlie yahA~ usake AdhAra

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5. 12-16 ] dravyoM ka sthitikSetra 121 kA parimANa anekarUpa kahA gayA hai / koI pudgala lokAkAza ke eka pradeza me aura koI do pradezoM me rahatA hai / koI pudgala asakhyAta pradeza parimita lokAkAza meM bhI rahatA hai / sArAza yaha hai ki AdhArabhUta kSetra ke pradezo ko saMkhyA AdheyabhUta pudgaladravya ke paramANuoM kI saMkhyA se nyUna yA tulya ho sakatI hai, adhika nahI / eka paramANu eka hI AkAza-pradeza me sthita rahatA hai, para dvyaNuka eka pradeza me bhI Thahara sakatA hai aura do me bhI / isI prakAra uttarottara saMkhyA bar3hate-baDhate tryaNuka, caturaNuka yAvat saMkhyAtANuka skandha eka pradeza, do pradeza tIna pradeza, yAvat saMkhyAta pradeza parimita kSetra me Thahara sakate hai / saMkhyAtANuka dravya kI sthiti ke lie asaMkhyAta pradezavAle kSetra kI AvazyakatA nahI hotI / asaMkhyAtANuka skandha eka pradeza se lekara adhika-se-adhika apane barAbara kI asaMkhyAta saMkhyAvAle pradezoM ke kSetra me Thahara sakatA hai / anntANuka aura anantAnantANuka skandha bhI eka pradeza, do pradeza ityAdi kramazaH baDhate - baDhate saMkhyAta pradeza aura asaMkhyAta pradezavAle kSetra me Thahara sakate haiM / unakI sthiti ke lie ananta pradezAtmaka kSetra Avazyaka nahI hai / pudgala dravya kA eka anantAnanta aNuoM kA banA huA sabase baDA acitta mahAskandha bhI asaMkhyAta pradeza lokAkAza me hI samA jAtA hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA kA parimANa na to AkAza kI bhA~ti vyApaka hai aura na paramANu kI taraha aNu, kintu madhyama mAnA jAtA hai / saba AtmAoM kA madhyama parimANa pradeza - saMkhyA kI dRSTi se samAna hai, to bhI lambAI, cauDAI Adi sabakI samAna nahI hai / isalie prazna uThatA hai ki jIva dravya kA AdhArakSetra kama-se-kama aura adhika se adhika kitanA hai ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki eka jIva kA AdhArakSetra lokAkAza ke asaMkhyAtave bhAga se lekara sampUrNa lokAkAza taka ho sakatA hai / yadyapi lokAkAza asaMkhyAta pradeza parimANa hai, tathApi asakhyAta saMkhyA ke bhI asaMkhyAta prakAra hone se lokAkAza ke aise asakhyAta bhAgo kI kalpanA ko jA sakatI hai jo aMgulAsaMkhyeya bhAga parimANa ho asaMkhyAta pradezAtmaka hI hotA hai / koI eka jIva hai, utane utane do bhAgoM me bhI raha sakatA hai / isa bar3hate antata. sarvaloka me bhI eka jIva raha sakatA hai / itanA choTA eka bhAga bhI usa eka bhAga meM raha sakatA prakAra eka-eka bhAga bar3hatearthAt jIva dravya kA choTe 1. do paramANuo se banA huA skandha dvaNuka, isI prakAra tIna paramANuoM kA skandha vyaNuka, cAra paramANuoM kA caturaNuka, saMkhyAta paramANuoM kA saMkhyAtANuka: asaMkhyAta kA asaMkhyAtANuka, ananta kA anantANuka ora anantAnanta paramANujanya skandha anantAnantANuka / For Private Personal Use Only

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122 sasvArthasUtra [5. 12-16 se-choTA AdhArakSetra aMgulAsaMkhyeya bhAga parimANa hotA hai, jo samana lokAkAza kA asaMkhyAtavA~ bhAga hai| usI jIva kA kAlAntara meM athavA usI samaya jIvAntara kA kucha baDA AdhArakSetra ukta bhAga se dugunA bhI hotA hai| isI prakAra usI jIva kA yA jIvAntara kA AdhArakSetra ukta bhAga se tigunA, caugunA, pA~cagunA Adi kramazaH bar3hate-baDhate kabhI asakhyAtagunA arthAt sarva lokAkAza ho sakatA hai / eka jIva kA AdhArakSetra sarva lokAkAza tabhI sambhava hai jaba vaha jIva kevalisamudghAta kI sthiti me ho| jIva ke parimANa kI nyUnAdhikatA ke anusAra usake AdhArakSetra ke parimANa kI nyUnAdhikatA eka jIva kI apekSA se kahI gaI hai| sarva jIvarAzi kI apekSA se to jIva tattva kA AdhArakSetra sampUrNa lokAkAza hI hai| aba prazna yaha uThatA hai ki eka jIva dravya ke parimANa me kAlabhedagata jo nyUnAdhikatA hai, yA tulya pradezavAle bhinna-bhinna jIvoM ke parimANa me eka hI samaya me jo nyUnAdhikatA hai, usakA kAraNa kyA hai ? yahA~ isakA uttara yaha hai ki anAdi kAla se jIva ke sAtha lagA huA kArmaNazarIra jo ki anantAnanta aNupracayarUpa hotA hai, usake sambandha se eka hI jIva ke parimANa me yA nAnA jIvoM ke parimANa me vividhatA AtI hai| kArmaNazarIra sadA eka-sA nahI rhtaa| usake sambandha se audArika Adi jo anya zarIra prApta hote hai ve bhI kArmaNa ke anusAra choTe-bar3e hote hai / jIva dravya vastutaH hai to amUrta, para vaha zarIrasambandha ke kAraNa mUrtavat bana jAtA hai| isalie jaba jitanA bar3A zarIra use prApta hotA hai / taba usakA parimANa utanA ho jAtA hai / dharmAstikAya Adi dravyoM kI bhAMti jIva dravya bhI amUrta hai, phira eka kA parimANa nahI ghaTatA-baDhatA aura dUsare kA ghaTatA-baDhatA hai aisA kyo ? isakA kAraNa svabhAvabheda ke atirikta aura kucha nahI hai / jIva tandha kA svabhAva nimitta milane para pradIpa kI taraha sakoca aura vikAsa ko prApta karanA hai, jaise khule AkAza me rakhe hue pradIpa ke prakAza kA koI eka parimANa hotA hai, para koTharI me usakA prakAza koTharI bhara hI bana jAtA hai, kuNDe ke nIce rakhane para vaha kuNDe ke nIce ke bhAga ko hI prakAzita karatA hai, loTe ke nIce usakA prakAza utanA hI ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra jIva dravya bhI saMkoca-vikAsazIla hai / vaha jaba jitanA choTA yA baDA zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai taba usa zarIra ke parimANAnusAra usake parimANa meM saMkoca-vikAsa ho jAtA hai| yahA~ prazna uThatA hai ki jIva yadi saMkocasvabhAva ke kAraNa choTA hotA hai to vaha lokAkAza ke pradezarUpa asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga se choTe bhAga me arthAt AkAza

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5. 17-18 ] kArya dvArA dharma, adharma aura AkAza ke lakSaNa 123 ke eka pradeza para yA do, cAra, pA~ca Adi pradezoM para kyo nahI samA sakalA ? isI prakAra yadi usakA svabhAva vikAsazIla hai to vaha sampUrNa lokAkAza kI taraha alokAkAza ko bhI vyApta kyo naho karatA ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki saMkoca kI maryAdA kArmaNazarIra para nirbhara hai / kArmaNazarIra to kisI bhI aMgulAsaMkhyAta bhAga se choTA ho hI nahI sakatA, isalie jIva kA saMkoca-kArya bhI vahI taka parimita rahatA hai| vikAsa kI maryAdA bhI lokAkAza taka mAnI gaI hai| isake do kAraNa hai / pahalA to yaha ki jIva ke pradeza utane hI hai jitane lokAkAza ke hai / adhikase-adhika vikAsa-dazA me jIva kA eka pradeza AkAza ke eka hI pradeza ko vyApta kara sakatA hai, do yA adhika ko nahI / isalie sarvotkRSTa vikAsadazA me bhI vaha lokAkAza ke bAhara ke bhAga ko vyApta nahI karatA / dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki vikAsa karanA gati kA kArya hai aura gati dharmAsti kAya ke binA nahIM ho sakatI, ata. lokAkAza ke bAhara jIva ke phailane kA koI kAraNa hI nahI hai / prazna-asaMkhyAta pradezavAle lokAkAza me zarIradhArI ananta jIva kaise samA sakate hai ? uttara--sUkSmabhAva meM pariNata hone se nigoda-zarIra se vyApta eka hI AkAzakSetra me sAdhAraNazarIrI ananta jIva eka sAtha rahate hai aura manuSya Adi ke eka audArika zarIra ke Upara tathA andara aneka saMmUchima jIvoM kI sthiti dekhane me AtI hai / isalie lokAkAza me anantAnanta jIvo kA samAveza asaMmata nahI hai / yadyapi pudgala dravya anantAnanta aura mUrta hai, tathApi unakA lokAkAza me samA jAne kA kAraNa yaha hai ki pudgalo me sUkSma rUpa se pariNata hone kI zakti hai / jaba aisA pariNamana hotA hai taba eka hI kSetra me eka-dUsare ko vyAghAta pahu~cAe binA anantAnanta paramANu aura anantAnanta skandha sthAna pA sakate hai, jaise eka hI sthAna me hajAroM dopako kA prakAza vyAdhAta ke binA samA jAtA hai / mUrta hone para bhI pudgala dravya vyAghAtazIla tabhI hotA hai jaba vaha sthUlabhAva me pariNata ho / sUkSmatvapariNAmadazA me vaha na kisI ko vyAghAta pahuMcAtA hai aura na svayaM kisI se vyAghAtita hotA hai / 12-16 / kArya dvArA dharma, adharma aura AkAza ke lakSaNa gatisthityupagraho' dharmAdharmayorupakAraH / 17 / AkAzasyAvagAhaH / 18 / 1. 'gatisthityupagraho' pATha bhI kahI-kahI milatA hai, tathApi bhASya ke anusAra 'gatisthityupagraho' pATha adhika saMgata pratIta hotA hai| digambara paramparA me to 'gatisthityupagrahau' pATha hI nirvivAda rUpa meM pracalita hai /

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tattvArtha sUtra [ 5.17-18 gati aura sthiti meM nimitta bananA kramaza dharma aura adharma dravyoM kA kArya hai / 124 avakAza meM nimitta honA AkAza kA kArya hai / dharma, adharma aura AkAza tInoM dravya amUrta hai ataH indriyagamya nahI hai / isalie inakI siddhi laukika pratyakSa dvArA sambhava nahI | Agama pramANa se inakA astitva mAnya hai, phira bhI Agama-poSaka aisI yukti bhI hai jo ukta dravyoM ke astitva ko siddha karatI hai / jagat meM gatizIla aura gatipUrvaka sthitizIla jIva aura pudgala ye do padArtha hai / gati aura sthiti ina dono dravyoM ke pariNAma va kArya hai aura unhI se paidA hote hai arthAt gati aura sthiti ke upAdAna kAraNa jIva aura pudgala hI hai, to bhI kArya kI utpatti meM apekSita nimitta kAraNa to upAdAna kAraNa se bhinna hI sambhava hai / isIlie jIva evaM pudgala kI gati meM nimitta rUpa se dharmAstikAya kI aura sthiti meM nimitta rUpa se adharmAstikAya kI siddhi ho jAtI hai / isI abhiprAya se zAstra me dharmAstikAya kA lakSaNa 'gatizIla padArtho kI gati meM nimitta honA' kahA gayA aura adharmAstikAya kA lakSaNa 'sthiti meM nimitta honA / dharma, adharma, jIva aura pudgala ye cAroM dravya kahI na kahI sthita hai arthAt Adheya bananA yA avakAza prApta karanA unakA kArya hai / para apane meM avakAza ( sthAna ) denA AkAza kA kArya hai / isIlie AkAza kA lakSaNa avagAha pradAna karanA mAnA gayA hai / prazna - sAkhya, nyAya, vaizeSika Adi darzano me AkAza dravya to mAnA gayA hai parantu dharma aura adharma dravyo ko to anya kisI ne nahI mAnA, phira jaina darzana meM hI kyo svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ? uttara- jar3a aura cetana dravya kI gatizIlatA to anubhava siddha hai jo dRzyAdRzya vizva ke viziSTa aga hai / koI niyAmaka tattva na rahe to ve dravya apanI sahaja gatizIlatA se ananta AkAza me kahI bhI cale jA sakate hai / sacamuca yadi ve ananta AkAza me cale ho jAyeM to isa dRzyAdRzya vizva kA niyata saMsthAna kabhI sAmAnya rUpa se eka-sA dikhAI nahI degA, kyoki ikAIrUpa me ananta pudgala aura ananta jIva ananta parimANa vistRta AkAza kSetra me berokaToka sacAra ke kAraNa isa taraha pRthak ho jAyeMge jinakA punaH milanA aura niyata sRSTirUpa me dikhAI denA asambhava nahIM to duSkara avazya ho jAyagA / yahI kAraNa hai ki ukta gatizIla dravyoM kI gatimaryAdA ke niyAmaka tattva ko jaina darzana ne svIkAra kiyA hai / yahI For Private Personal Use Only

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5. 19-20 ] kArya dvArA pudgala kA lakSaNa 125 tattva dharmAstikAya hai / isa tattva ko svIkAra kara lene para tulya yukti se sthitimaryAdA ke niyAmaka adharmAstikAya tattva ko bhI jaina darzana ne svIkAra kara liyA hai| digdravya ke kAryarUpa pUrva-pazcima Adi vyavahAra kI upapatti AkAza ke dvArA sambhava hone se digdravya ko AkAza se alaga mAnanA Avazyaka nahI / kiMtu dharma-adharma dravyo kA kArya AkAza se siddha nahI ho sakatA, kyoki AkAza ko gati aura sthiti kA niyAmaka mAnane para vaha ananta aura akhaMDa hone se jaDa tathA cetana dravyo ko apane me sarvatra gati va sthiti karane se roka nahI sakegA aura isa taraha niyata dRzyAdRzya vizva ke saMsthAna kI anupapatti banI hI rhegii| isalie dharma-adharma dravyo ko AkAza se bhinna evaM svatantra mAnanA nyAyasaMgata hai| jaba jar3a aura cetana gatizIla hai taba maryAdita AkAzakSetra me niyAmaka ke binA unakI gati apane svabhAvavaza nahI mAnI jA sakatI / isalie dharma-adharma dravyoM kA astitva yuktisiddha hai / 17-18 / ___ kArya dvArA pudgala kA lakSaNa zarIravAGmanaHprANApAnAH pudgalAnAm / 19 / sukhaduHkhajIvitamaraNopagrahAzca / 20 / zarIra, vANI, mana, niHzvAsa aura ucchvAsa ye pudgaloM ke upakAra ( kArya ) haiN| sukha, duHkha, jIvana aura maraNa bhI pudgalo ke upakAra hai| aneka paudgalika kAryo me se kucha kA yahA~ nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, jo jIvoM para anugraha-nigraha karate hai| audArika Adi saba zarIra paudgalika hI hai / kArmaNazarIra atIndriya hai, kintu vaha audArika Adi mUrta dravya ke sambandha se sukhaduHkhAdi vipAka detA hai, jaise jalAdi ke sambandha se dhAna / isalie vaha bhI paudgalika hI hai| bhASA do prakAra kI hai-bhAvabhASA aura dravyabhASA / bhAvabhASA to vIryAntarAya, matijJAnAvaraNa aura zrutajJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se tathA aMgopAMga nAmakarma ke udaya se prApta honevAlI eka viziSTa zakti hai jo pudgala-sApekSa hone se paudgalika hai aura aisI zaktimAn AtmA se prerita hokara vacanarUpa me pariNata honevAle bhASAvargaNA ke skandha hI dravyabhASA hai| labdha tathA upayogarUSa bhAvamana pudgalAbalambI hone se paudgalika hai / jJAnAvaraNa tathA vIryAntarAya ke kSayopazama se aura aMgopAMga nAmakarma ke udaya se

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126 tattvArthasUtra [5. 21-22 manovargaNA ke jo skandha guNadoSavivecana, smaraNa Adi kAryAbhimukha AtmA ke anugrAhaka arthAt sAmarthya ke uttejaka hote haiM ve dravyamana haiM / isI prakAra AtmA dvArA udara se bAhara nikAlA jAnevAlA niHzvAsavAyu ( prANa ) aura udara ke bhItara pahu~cAyA jAnevAlA ucchvAsavAyu ( apAna ) ye donoM paudgalika haiM aura jIvanaprada hone se AtmA ke anugrahakArI haiN| bhASA, mana, prANa aura apAna ina sabakA vyAghAta aura abhibhava dekhane meM AtA hai / isalie ve zarIra kI bhA~ti podgalika hI haiN| jIva kA prItirUpa pariNAma sukha hai, jo sAtAvedanIya karmarUpa antaraMga kAraNa aura dravya, kSetra Adi bAhya kAraNoM se utpanna hotA hai| paritApa hI duHkha hai, jo asAtAvedanIya karmarUpa antaraMga kAraNa aura vanya Adi bAhya nimittoM se utpanna hotA hai / Ayukarma ke udaya se dehadhArI jIva ke prANa aura apAna kA calate rahanA jIvita ( jIvana ) hai aura prANApAna kA uccheda maraNa hai| ye saba sukha, duHkha Adi paryAya jIvoM meM pudgaloM ke dvArA hI utpanna hote haiM / isalie ve jIvoM ke prati paudgalika upakAra kahe gae haiN| 19-20 / kArya dvArA jIva kA lakSaNa parasparopagraho jIvAnAm / 21 / paraspara ke kArya meM nimitta (sahAyaka) honA jIvoM kA upakAra hai| pArasparika upakAra karanA jIvoM kA kArya hai| isa sUtra meM isI kA nirdeza hai / eka jIva hita-ahita ke upadeza dvArA dUsare jIva kA upakAra karatA hai| mAlika paise se naukara kA upakAra karatA hai aura naukara hita yA ahita kI bAta ke dvArA yA sevA karake mAlika kA upakAra karatA hai / AcArya satkarma kA upadeza karake usake anuSThAna dvArA ziSya kA upakAra karatA hai aura ziSya anukUla pravRtti dvArA AcArya kA upakAra karatA hai / 21 / kArya dvArA kAla kA lakSaNa vartanA pariNAmaH kriyA paratvAparatve ca kAlasya / 22 / vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA aura paratva-aparatva ye kAla ke upakAra haiN| kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnakara yahA~ usake upakAra gimAye gae haiM / apaneapane paryAya kI utpatti meM svayameva pravartamAma dharma mAdi dravyoM ko nimittarUpa

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5. 21-22] kArya dvArA kAla kA lakSaNa 127 se preraNA karanA vartanA hai / svajAti kA tyAga kiye binA honevAlA dravya kA aparispanda paryAya pariNAma hai jo pUrvAvasthA kI nivRtti aura uttarAvasthA kI utpattirUpa hai| aisA pariNAma jIva meM jJAnAdi tathA krodhAdirUpa, pudgala meM nIla-pIta varNAdirUpa aura dharmAstikAya Adi zeSa dravyoM meM agarulaghu guNa kI hAni-vRddhirUpa hai| gati (parispanda ) hI kriyA hai / jyeSThatva paratva hai aura kaniSThatva aparatva / yadyapi vartanA Adi kArya yathAsambhava dharmAstikAya Adi dravyoM ke hI haiM, tathApi kAla sabakA nimitta kAraNa hone se yahA~ unakA varNana kAla ke upakArarUpa se kiyA gayA hai / 22 / 1. aguruladhu zabda jaina paramparA meM tIna prasaMgoM para bhinna-bhinna artha meM vyavahRta hai : (ka) AzmA ke zAna-darzana Adi jo ATha guNa ATha karma se AvArya (AvaraNayogya) mAne gae hai unameM eka aguruladhutva nAmaka AtmaguNa hai jo gotrakarma se AvArya hai / gotra. karma kA kArya jIvana meM ucca-mIca bhAvaM Aropita karanA hai| lokanyavahAra meM jIva janma, jAtikula deza, rUparaMpa aura anya aneka nimittoM se ucca yA nIca rUpa meM vyavahRta hote haiN| paraMtu saba AtmAe~ samAna haiM, unameM ucca-nIcapana nahIM haiN| isa zakti aura yogyatAmUlaka sAmya ko sthira rakhanevAle sahajaguNa yA zakti ko agurulaghutva kahate haiN| ( kha ) agurulaghu-nAma nAma-karma kA eka bheda hai| usakA kArya Age nAmakarma kI carcA meM AyA hai| (ga) 'ka' krama para kI gaI vyAkhyAvAlA agurulaghutva kevala Atmagata hai, jaba ki prastuta aguruladhu guNa sabhI jIva-ajIva dravyoM para lAgU hotA hai| yadi dravya svataH pariNamanazIla ho to kisI samaya bhI. aisA kyoM nahIM hotA ki vaha dravya anya dravyarUpa se bhI pariNAma ko prApta kare ? isI prakAra yaha prazna bhI uTatA hai ki eka dravya meM nihita bhinna-bhinna zaktiyA~ (guNa) apane-apane pariNAma utpanna karatI hI rahatI haiM to koI eka zakti apane pariNAma kI niyatadhArA kI sImA se bAhara jAkara anya zakti ke pariNAma ko kyoM nahIM paidA karatI ? isI taraha yaha prazna bhI uThatA hai ki eka dravya meM jo aneka zaktiyA~ svIkRta kI gaI haiM ve apanA niyata sahacaratva chor3akara bikhara kyoM nahIM jAtoM ? ina tIno praznoM kA uttara agurulaghu guNa se diyA jAtA hai| yaha guNa sabhI gavyoM meM niyAmaka pada bhogatA hai, jisase eka bhI dravya dravyAntara nahIM hotA, eka bhI guNa guNAntara kA kArya nahIM karatA aura niyata sahabhAvI paraspara pRthaka nahIM hote| __ anthoM ke suspaSTa AdhAra ke atirikta bhI maiMne agurulaghu guNa kI aMtima vyAkhyA kA vicAra kiyaa| maiM isakA samAdhAna hU~r3ha rahA thaa| mujhase jaba koI pUchatA taba yaha vyAkhyA batalA detaa| paraMtu samAdhAna prApta karane kI jijJAsA to rahatI hI thii| prastuta TippaNI likhate samaya ekAeka sva. paMDita gopAladAsajI baraiyA kI jainasiddhAntapravezikA pustaka mila gaI / isameM zrIyuta baraiyAjI ne bhI yahI vicAra vyakta kiyA hai| isalie yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki itane aMza meM mere isa vicAra ko samarthana prApta huA / ataeba

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128 tattvArthasUtra [5. 23-24 pudgala ke asAdhAraNa paryAya sparzarasagandhavarNavantaH pudgalAH / 23 / zabdabandhasaumyasthaulyasaMsthAnabhedatamazchAyA''tapoddyotavantazca / 24 / pudgala sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNavAle hote haiN| ve zabda, bandha, sUkSmatva, sthUlatva, sasthAna, bheda, andhakAra, chAyA, Atapa aura udyotavAle bhI hote hai| bauddha darzana meM pudgala zabda kA vyavahAra jIva ke artha me kiyA jAtA hai tathA vaizeSika Adi darzano me pRthvI Adi mUrta dravyo ko samAna rUpa se sparza, rasa Adi caturguNa yukta nahI mAnA gayA hai kintu pRthvI ko caturguNa, jala ko gandharahita triguNa, teja ko gandha-rasarahita dviguNa aura vAyu ko mAtra sparzaguNa yukta mAnA gayA hai| isI taraha unhone mana me sparza Adi cAroM guNa nahI mAne hai / isa prakAra bauddha Adi darzanoM se matabheda darzAnA prastuta sUtra kA uddezya hai| isa sUtra dvArA yaha prakaTa kiyA gayA hai ki jaina darzana me jIva aura pudgala tattva bhinna hai / isIlie pudgala zabda kA prayoga jIva tattva ke lie nahI hotaa| isI maine yahA~ isakA ullekha kiyA hai| viziSTa abhyAsI avika anveSaNa kareM / sva0 baraiyAjI jaina tattvajJAna ke asAdhAraNa jJAtA the| Upara agurulaghu guNa ke lie dI gaI yukti ke samAna hI eka yukti jaina paramparA me mAnya dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya ke samarthana me dI jAtI hai| vaha tulanAtmaka dRSTi se jAnane yogya hai / jaDa aura cetana gatizIla hone ke kAraNa AkAza me cAhe jahA~ na cale jAya isake lie ukta dono kAya niyAmaka rUpa se mAne gae hai aura kahA gayA hai ki inake kAraNa gatizIla dravyo kI gatisthiti lokakSetra taka maryAdita rahatI hai| jisa prakAra ye dono kAya gatisthiti ke niyAmaka mAne gae hai usI prakAra agurulaghu guNa ko mAnanA caahie| gatisthiti kI maryAdA ke lie gatisthitizIla padArthI kA svabhAva hI mAnA jAya yA AkAza kA aisA ratrabhAva mAnA jAya aura ukta dono kAyo ko na mAne to kyA asaMgati hai ? aisA prazna sahaja uThatA hai / parantu yaha viSaya ahetuvAda kA hone se isame kevala siddha kA samarthana karane kI bAta hai| yaha viSaya hetuvAda yA tarkavAda kA nahIM hai ki kevala tarka se ina kAyo ko svIkAra yA asvIkAra kiyA jaay| agurulaghu guNa ke samarthana ke viSaya me bhI mukhyarUpa se ahetuvAda kA hI Azraya lenA paDatA hai| hetuvAda anta me ahetuvAda kI puSTi ke lie hI hai, yaha svIkAra kiye binA nahIM cltaa| isa prakAra saba darzano me kucha viSaya hetuvAda aura ahetuvAda kI maryAdA me A jAte hai|

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5. 23-24 ] pudgala ke asAdhAraNa paryAya 129 taraha pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu ye sabhI pudgala ke rUpa meM samAna hai arthAt ye sabhI sparza Adi caturguNa se yukta hai| jaina-darzana me mana bhI paudgalika hone se sparza Adi guNavAlA hI hai / sparza ATha prakAra kA hai-kaThina, mRdu, guru, laghu, zIta, uSNa, snigdha aura rUkSa / rasa pA~ca hai-kaDuvA, caraparA, kasailA, khaTTA aura mIThA / gandha do hai--sugandha aura durgandha / varNa pA~ca hai--kAlA, nIlA ( harA), lAla, pIlA aura sapheda / isa taraha sparza Adi ke kula bIsa bheda hai, para inameM se pratyeka ke saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta bheda taratamabhAva se hote hai / mRdu to eka guNa hai, para pratyeka mRdu vastu kI mRdutA me kucha-na-kucha taratamtA hotI hai / isa kAraNa sAmAnya rUpa se mRdutva kA sparza eka hone para bhI tAratamya ke anusAra usake saMkhyAta, asakhyAta aura ananta bheda ho jAte hai / yahI bAta kaThina Adi anya sparza tathA rasa Adi anya guNoM ke viSaya meM hai| zabda koI guNa nahIM hai, jaise ki vaizeSika, naiyAyika Adi darzanoM meM mAnA jAtA hai / vaha bhASAvargaNA ke pudgaloM kA eka viziSTa prakAra kA pariNAma hai| nimitta-bheda se usake aneka bheda ho jAte hai / jo zabda AtmA ke prayatna se utpanna hotA hai vaha prayogaja hai aura jo kisI ke prayatna ke binA hI utpanna hotA hai vaha vaisrasika hai, jaise bAdaloM kI garjanA / prayogaja zabda ke chaH prakAra hai-1. bhASAmanuSya Adi kI vyakta aura pazu, pakSI Adi kI avyakta aisI anekavidha bhASAe~, 2. tata-camaDe se lapeTe hue vAdyoM kA arthAt mRdaMga, paTaha Adi kA zabda; 3. vitata--tAravAle vINA, sAraMgI Adi vAdyoM kA zabda; 4. ghanajhAlara, ghaMTa Adi kA zabda, 5. zuSira-phUMkakara bajAye jAnevAle zaMkha, bA~surI Adi kA zabda; 6. saMgharSa-lakar3I Adi ke gharSaNa se utpanna zabda / paraspara AzleSarUpa bandha ke bhI prAyogika aura vaisrasika ye do bheda haiN| jIva aura zarIra kA sambandha tathA lAkha aura lakar3I kA sambandha prayatnasApekSa hone se prAyogika bandha hai / bijalI, megha, indradhanuSa Adi kA prayatna-nirapekSa paudgalika saMzleSa vainasika bandha hai / sUkSmatva aura sthUlatva ke antya tathA ApekSika ye do-do bheda hai / jo sUkSmatva tathA sthUlatva donoM eka hI vastu meM apekSA-bheda se ghaTita na hoM ve antya aura jo ghaTita hoM ve ApekSika hai / paramANuoM kA sUkSmatva aura jagad-vyApI mahAskandha kA sthUlatva antya hai, kyoMki anya pudgala kI apekSA paramANuoM me sthUlatva aura mahAskandha meM sUkSmatva ghaTita nahI hotA / dvayaNuka Adi madhyavartI skandhoM ke sUkSmatva va sthUlatva donoM ApekSika hai, jaise A~vale kA sUkSmatva aura bilva kA sthUlatva / A~valA bilva se choTA hai ataH sUkSma hai aura bilva AMvale se bar3A hai ataH sthUla

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130 tattvArtha sUtra [ 5. 23-24 hai / parantu vahI A~valA bera kI apekSA sthUla hai aura vahI bilva kUSmANDa kI apekSA sUkSma hai / isa taraha jaise ApekSika hone se eka hI vastu viruddha paryAya hote haiM, vaise antya sUkSmatva aura sthUlatva eka vastu me nahI hote / sUkSmatva-sthUlatva donoM saMsthAna itthaMtva aura anitthaMtva do prakAra kA hai / jisa AkAra kI kisI ke sAtha tulanA kI jA sake vaha itthaMtvarUpa hai aura jisakI tulanA na kI jA sake vaha anitthaM svarUpa hai / megha Adi kA saMsthAna ( racanA - vizeSa ) anitthaMtvarUpa hai, kyoMki aniyata hone se kisI eka prakAra se usakA nirUpaNa nahI kiyA jA sakatA aura anya padArtho kA saMsthAna itthaMtvarUpa hai, jaise geMda, siMghADA Adi / gola, trikoNa, catuSkoNa, dIrgha, parimaNDala ( valayAkAra ) Adi rUpa me itthaMtvarUpa saMsthAna ke aneka bheda hai / ekatva arthAt skandharUpa meM pariNata pudgalapiNDa kA vizleSa ( vibhAga ) honA bheda hai / isake pA~ca prakAra hai- 1. autkarika - cIre yA khode jAne para hone vAlA lakar3I, patthara Adi kA bhedana; 2. cauNika - kaNa-kaNa rUpa se cUrNa ho jAnA, jaise jau Adi kA sattU, ATA Adi; 3 khaNDa-Tukar3e-Tukar3e hokara TUTa jAnA, jaise ghar3e kA kapAlAdi; 4. pratara - parateM yA to nikalanA, jaise abhraka, bhojapatra Adi; 5. anutaTa - chAla nikalanA, jaise bA~sa, Ikha Adi / tama arthAt andhakAra, jo dekhane me rukAvaTa DAlanevAlA, prakAza kA virodhI eka pariNAma vizeSa hai / chAyA prakAza ke Upara AvaraNa A jAne se hotI hai / isake do prakAra haidarpaNa Adi svaccha padArtho me par3anevAlA bimba jisame mukhAdi kA varNa, AkAra Adi jyoM-kA-tyoM dikhAI detA hai aura anya asvaccha vastuoM para par3anevAlI parachAI pratibimbarUpa chAyA hai / sUrya Adi kA uSNa prakAza Atapa aura candra, maNi, khadyota Adi kA anuSNa ( zItala ) prakAza udyota hai / sparza Adi tathA zabda Adi uparyukta sabhI paryAya pudgala ke kArya hone se paudgalika mAne jAte hai / sUtra 23 aura 24 ko alaga karake yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki sparza Adi paryAya paramANu aura skandha donoM meM hote hai, parantu zabda, bandha Adi paryAya kevala skandha meM hote hai / sUkSmatva yadyapi paramANu va skandha donoM kA paryAya hai, tathApi usakA parigaNana sparza Adi ke sAtha na karake zabda Adi ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai vaha isalie ki pratipakSI sthUlatva paryAya ke sAtha usake kathana kA aucitya hai / 23-24 / For Private Personal Use Only

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5. 25-27 ] pudgala ke mukhya prakAra va unakI utpatti ke kAraNa 131 pudgala ke mukhya prakAra aNavaH skandhAzca / 25 / pudgala paramANu aura skandharUpa haiM / pudgala dravya ikAIrUpa me ananta hai aura unakA vaividhya bhI aparimita hai, tathApi Age ke do sUtroM meM paudgalika pariNAma kI utpatti ke bhinna-bhinna kAraNa darzAne ke lie yahA~ tadupayogI paramANu aura skandha ye do prakAra saMkSepa me nirdiSTa hai / sampUrNa pudgalarAzi kA ina do prakAroM me samAveza ho jAtA hai / jo pudgala dravya kAraNarUpa hai para kAryarUpa nahI hai, dravya paramANu hai, jo nitya, sUkSma aura kisI eka rasa, do sparza se yukta hotA hai / aise paramANu dravya kA jJAna indriyo se nahI hotA / usakA jJAna Agama yA anumAna se sAdhya hai / paramANu kA anumAna kAryahetu se mAnA gayA hai| jo-jo paudgalika kArya dRSTigocara hote hai, ve saba sakAraNa haiM / isI prakAra jo adRzya antima kArya hogA, usakA bhI kAraNa honA cAhie, vahI kAraNa paramANu dravya hai / usakA kAraNa anya dravya na hone se use antima kAraNa kahA gayA hai / paramANu dravya kA koI vibhAga nahIM hotA aura na ho sakatA hai| isalie usakA Adi, madhya aura anta vaha svayaM hI hotA hai / paramANu dravya abaddha ( asamudAyarUpa ) hotA hai / vaha antya dravya hai / aisA eka gandha, eka varNa aura skandha dUsare prakAra kA pudgala dravya hai / sabhI skandha baddha -- samudAyarUpa hote hai aura ve apane kAraNadravya kI apekSA se kAryadravyarUpa tathA kAryadravya kI apekSA se kAraNadravyarUpa hai, jaise dvipradeza Adi skandha paramANu Adi ke kArya haiM aura tripradeza Adi ke kAraNa hai / 25 / skandha aura aNu kI utpatti ke kAraNa saGghAtabhedebhya utpadyante / 26 / bhedAdaNuH / 27 / saMghAta se, bheda se aura saMghAta-bheda donoM se skandha utpanna hote hai / aNu bheda se hI utpanna hotA hai / skandha ( avayavI ) dravya kI utpatti tIna prakAra se hotI hai / koI skandha saMghAta ( ekatvapariNati ) se utpanna hotA hai, koI bheda se aura koI eka sAtha bheda-saMghAta donoM nimittoM se / jaba alaga-alaga sthita do paramANuoM ke milane para dvipradezika skandha hotA hai taba vaha saMghAtajanya kahalAtA hai / isI prakAra tIna, For Private Personal Use Only

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132 tattvArthasUtra [5. 28 cAra, saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta, ananta aura anantAnanta paramANuoM ke milane mAtra se tripradeza, catuSpradeza, saMkhyAtapradeza, asaMkhyAtapradeza, anantapradeza tathA anantAnantapradeza skandha banate hai jo sabhI saMghAtajanya hai / kisI baDe skandha ke TUTane mAtra se jo choTe-choTe skandha hote haiM ve bhedajanya hai| ye bhI dvipradeza se anantAnantapradeza taka hote hai / jaba kisI eka skandha ke TUTane para usake avayava ke sAtha usI samaya dUsarA koI dravya mila jAne se nayA skandha banatA hai taba vaha skandha bheda-saghAtajanya kahalAtA hai| aise skandha bhI dvipradeza se lekara anantAnantapradeza taka ho sakate hai / do se adhika pradezavAle skandha jaise tIna, cAra Adi alaga-alaga paramANuoM ke milane se bhI tripradeza, catuSpradeza Adi skandha hote hai aura dvipradeza skandha ke sAtha eka paramANu milane se bhI tripradeza tathA dvipradeza yA tripradeza skandha ke sAtha anukrama se do yA eka paramANu milane se bhI catuSpradeza skandha banatA hai| aNu dravya kisI dravya kA kArya nahIM hai, isalie usakI utpatti me do dravyoM kA saMghAta sambhava nahI / yoM to paramANu nitya mAnA gayA hai, tathApi yahA~ usakI utpatti paryAyadRSTi se kahI gaI hai, arthAt paramANu dravyarUpa me to nitya hI hai, para paryAyadRSTi se janya bhI hai| paramANu kA kabhI skandha kA avayava banakara sAmudAyika avasthA me rahanA aura kabhI skandha se alaga hokara vizakalita avasthA meM rahanA ye sabhI paramANu ke paryAya ( avasthAvizeSa ) hai / vizakalita avasthA skandha ke bheda se hI utpanna hotI hai / isalie yahA~ bheda se aNu kI utpatti ke kathana kA abhiprAya itanA hI hai ki vizakalita avasthAvAlA paramANu bheda kA kArya hai, zuddha paramANu nahI / 26-27 / acAkSuSa skandha ke cAkSuSa banane me hetu bhedasaMghAtAbhyAM cAkSuSAH / 28 / bheda aura saMghAta se hI cAkSuSa skandha banate haiN| acAkSuSa skandha nimitta pAkara cAkSuSa bana sakatA hai, isI kA nirdeza isa sUtra pudgala ke pariNAma trividha hai, ataH koI pudgala-skandha acAkSuSa (cakSu se agrAhya ) hotA hai to koI cAkSuSa ( cakSu-grAhya ) / jo skandha pahale sUkSma hone se acAkSuSa ho vaha nimittavaza sUkSmatva pariNAma choDakara bAdara (sthUla ) pariNAmaviziSTa banane se cAkSuSa ho sakatA hai| usa skandha ke aisA hone me bheda tathA saMghAta donoM hetu apekSita haiM / jaba kisI skandha meM sUkSmatva pariNAma kI nivRtti

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5. 28 ] acAkSuSa skandha ke cAkSuSa banane me hetu 133 se sthUlatva pariNAma utpanna hotA hai taba kucha naye aNu usa skandha me mila jAte hai / milate hI nahI, kucha aNu usa skandha se alaga bhI ho jAte hai | sUkSmatva pariNAma kI nivRttipUrvaka sthUlatva pariNAma kI utpatti na kevala saMghAta arthAt aNuoM ke milane mAtra se hotI hai aura na kevala bheda arthAt aNuo ke alaga hone mAtra se / sthUlatva ( bAdaratva ) pariNAma ke atirikta koI skandha cAkSuSa hotA hI nahI / isIlie yahA~ niyamapUrvaka kahA gayA hai ki cAkSuSa skandha bheda aura saMghAta donoM se banatA hai / 'bheda' zabda ke do artha hai- - 1. skandha kA TUTanA arthAt usame se aNuoM kA alaga honA aura 2. pUrva - pariNAma nivRtta hone se dUsare pariNAma kA utpanna honA / iname se pahale artha ke anusAra Upara sUtrArtha likhA gayA hai / dUsare artha ke anusAra sUtra kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai--- jaba koI sUkSma skandha netra-grAhya bAdara pariNAma ko prApta karatA hai, arthAt acAkSuSa na rahakara cAkSuSa banatA hai, taba usake aisA hone me sthUla pariNAma apekSita hai jo viziSTa anantANu saMkhyA ( saMghAta ) sApekSa hai / kevala sUkSmatvarUpa pUrva - pariNAma kI nivRttipUrvaka navIna sthUlatva - pariNAma cAkSuSa banane kA kAraNa nahI aura kevala viziSTa ananta saMkhyA bhI cAkSuSa banane meM kAraNa nahI, kintu pariNAma ( bheda ) aura ukta saMkhyA saMghAta donoM hI skandha ke cAkSuSa banane kAraNa hai / yadyapi sUtragata 'cAkSuSa' pada se to cakSu grAhya skandha kA hI bodha hotA hai, tathApi yahA~ cakSu pada se samasta indriyo kA lAkSaNika bodha abhipreta hai / tadanusAra sUtra kA artha yaha hotA hai ki sabhI atIndriya skandho ke indriyagrAhya banane meM bheda aura saMghAta do hI hetu apekSita hai / paudgalika pariNAma kI amaryAdita vicitratA ke kAraNa jaise pahale ke atIndriya skandha bhI bAda me bheda tathA saMghAtarUpa nimitta se indriyagrAhya bana jAte hai, vaise hI sthUla skandha sUkSma bana jAte haiM / itanA hI nahI, pAriNAmika vicitratA ke kAraNa adhika indriyoM ke dvArA grAhya skandha alpa indriyagrAhya bana jAtA hai / jaise lavaNa, higu Adi padArtha netra, sparzana, rasanA aura ghrANa ina cAro indriyo dvArA grAhya hote haiM, parantu jala meM gala jAne se kevala rasanA aura ghrANa ina do indriyo se hI grahaNa ho sakate hai / prazna - skandha ke cAkSuSa banane meM do kAraNa batalAye gae, para acAkSuSa skandha kI utpatti ke kAraNa kyoM nahI batalAye gae ? uttara -- sUtra 26 me sAmAnya rUpa se skandha mAtra kI utpatti ke tIna hetuoM kA kathana hai / yahA~ to kevala vizeSa skandha kI utpatti ke arthAt acAkSuSa se For Private Personal Use Only

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134 tattvArthasUtra [5. 29 cAkSuSa banane ke hetuoM kA vizeSa kathana huA hai / ataH usa sAmAnya vidhAna ke anusAra acAkSuSa skandha kI utpatti ke tIna hI hetu hote hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki sUtra 26 ke anusAra bheda, saMghAta aura bheda-saMghAta ina tInoM hetuoM se acAkSuSa skandha banate hai / 28 / 'sat' kI vyAkhyA utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat / 29 / jo utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ina tInoM se yukta hai vahI sat hai / 'sata' ke svarUpa ke viSaya me vibhinna darzanoM me matabheda hai| eka darzana' sampUrNa sat padArtha (brahma) ko kevala dhruva (nitya) hI mAnatA hai| dUsarA darzana padArtha ko niranvaya kSaNika ( mAtra utpAda-vinAzazIla ) mAnatA hai| tIsarA darzana cetanatattvarUpa sat ko to kevala dhruva ( kUTasthanitya ) aura prakRti tattvarUpa sat ko pariNAminitya (nityAnitya ) mAnatA hai| cauthA darzana aneka sat padArthoM me se paramANu, kAla, AtmA Adi kucha sat tattvoM ko kUTasthanitya aura ghaTa-paTa Adi kucha sat ko mAtra utpAda-vyayazIla ( anitya ) mAnatA hai / parantu jainadarzana kA sat ke svarUpa se sambaddha mantavya ina matoM se bhinna hai aura vahI isa sUtra kA viSaya hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra jo sat ( vastu ) hai vaha pUrNa rUpa se kevala kUTasthanitya yA kevala niranvayavinAzI yA usakA amuka bhAga kUTasthanitya aura amuka bhAga pariNAminitya athavA usakA koI bhAga mAtra nitya aura koI bhAga mAtra anitya nahI ho sktaa| isake anusAra cetana aura jar3a, amUrta aura mUrta, sUkSma aura sthUla, sabhI sat padArtha utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa se trirUpa hai| pratyeka vastu me do aMza hote hai / eka aMza to tInoM kAlo me zAzvata rahatA hai aura dusarA aMza sadA azAzvata hotA hai / zAzvata aMza ke kAraNa pratyeka vastu dhrovyAtmaka ( sthira ) aura azAzvata aMza ke kAraNa utpAda-vyayAtmaka ( asthira ) kahalAtI hai| ina do aMzoM me se kisI eka kI ora dRSTi jAne aura dUsare kI ora na jAne se vastu kevala sthirarUpa yA kevala asthirarUpa pratIta hotI hai / parantu dono aMzo para dRSTi DAlane se hI vastu kA pUrNa aura yathArtha svarUpa 1. vedAnta-opaniSadika zA karamata / 2. bauddha / 3. sAMkhya / 4. nyAya, vaizeSika /

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5. 30 ] virodha-parihAra evaM pariNAminityatva kA svarUpa 135 jJAta ho sakatA hai isalie donoM dRSTiyoM ke anusAra hI isa sUtra meM sat ( vastu) kA svarUpa pratipAdita hai / 29 / virodha-parihAra evaM pariNAminityatva kA svarUpa tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam / 30 / jo apane bhAva se ( apanI jAti se ) cyuta na ho vahI nitya hai| pichale sUtra me kahA gayA ki eka hI vastu utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka hai arthAt sthirAsthira (ubhayarUpa) hai| parantu prazna hotA hai ki yaha kaise sambhava hai ? jo sthira hai vaha asthira kaise ? jo asthira hai vaha sthira kaise ? eka hI vastu meM sthiratva aura asthiratva donoM aMza zIta-uSNa kI bhAMti parasparaviruddha hone se eka hI samaya me ho nahIM skte| isalie kyA sat kI utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka vyAkhyA viruddha nahI hai ? isa virodha ke parihArArtha jaina darzana sammata nityatva kA svarUpa pratipAdita karanA hI isa sUtra kA uddezya hai / ____ yadi kucha anya darzanoM kI bhA~ti jaina darzana bhI vastu kA svarUpa yaha mAnatA ki "kisI bhI prakAra se parivartana ko prApta kiye binA hI vastu sadA eka rUpa meM avasthita rahatI hai to isa kUTasthanityatva meM anityatva sambhava na hone se eka hI vastu me sthiratva aura asthiratva kA virodha aataa| isI prakAra agara jaina darzana vastu ko mAtra kSaNika arthAt prati kSaNa utpanna tathA naSTa honevAlI mAnakara usakA koI sthAyI AdhAra na mAnatA to bhI utpAda-vyayazIla anityapariNAma me nityatva sambhava na hone se ukta virodha AtA / parantu jaina darzana kisI vastu ko kevala kUTasthanitya yA pariNAmimAtra na mAnakara pariNAminitya mAnatA hai| isalie sabhI tattva apanI-apanI jAti me sthira rahate hue bhI nimitta ke anusAra parivartana ( utpAda-vyaya) prApta karate hai| ataeva pratyeka vastu me mUla jAti ( dravya) kI apekSA se dhrauvya aura pariNAma kI apekSA se utpAda-vyaya ke ghaTita hone meM koI virodha nahI hai / jaina darzana kA pariNAminityatvavATa sAkhya darzana kI taraha kevala jar3a ( prakRti ) taka hI sImita nahIM hai, kintu vaha cetana tattva para bhI ghaTita hotA hai| saba tattvoM meM vyApaka rUpa se pariNAminityatvavAda ko svIkAra karane ke lie mukhya sAdhaka pramANa anubhava hai| sUkSma dRSTi se dekhane para koI aisA tattva anubhava meM nahIM AtA jo kevala apariNAmI ho yA mAtra parimANarUpa ho| bAhya aura Abhyantarika sabhI vastue~ pariNAminitya hI pratIta hotI hai / yadi sabhI vastue~ mAtra kSaNika hoM to pratyeka kSaNa meM naI-naI vastu utpanna tathA naSTa hone tathA usakI

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tattvArthasUtra [5. 31 koI sthAyI AdhAra na hone se usa kSaNika pariNAma-paramparA me sajAtIyatA kA kabhI anubhava nahI hogA arthAt pahale dekhI huI vastu ko phira se dekhane para jo 'yaha vahI hai' aisA pratyabhijJAna hotA hai vaha na hogA, kyoki jaise pratyabhijJAna ke lie usakI viSayabhUta vastu kA sthiratva Avazyaka hai, vaise hI draSTA AtmA kA sthiratva bhI Avazyaka hai| isI prakAra yadi jaDa yA cetana tattva mAtra nirvikAra ho to ina dono tattvo ke mizraNarUpa jagat me pratikSaNa dikhAI denevAlI vividhatA kabhI utpanna na hogii| ataH pariNAminityatvavAda ko jaina darzana yuktisaMgata mAnatA hai| vyAkhyAntara se sat kA nityatva tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam sat apane bhAva se cyuta na hone se nitya hai / utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka honA hI vastumAtra kA svarUpa hai aura yahI sat hai / sat-svarUpa nitya hai arthAt vaha tIno kAloM me eka-sA avasthita rahatA hai| aisA nahIM hai ki kisI vastu me yA vastumAtra me utpAda, vyaya tathA dhrauvya kabhI ho aura kabhI na hoM / pratyeka samaya meM utpAdAdi tInoM aMza avazya hote hai / yahI sat kA nityatva hai| apanI-apanI jAti ko na choDanA sabhI dravyoM kA dhrauvya hai aura pratyeka samaya me bhinna-bhinna pariNAmarUpa se utpanna aura naSTa honA utpAda-vyaya hai| dhrauvya tathA utpAda-vyaya kA cakra dravyamAtra meM sadA calatA rahatA hai| usa cakra me se kabhI koI aMza lupta nahIM hotA, yahI isa sUtra meM kahA gayA hai / pUrva sUtra meM dhrauvya kA kathana dravya ke anvayI ( sthAyI ) aMza mAtra ko lekara hai aura isa sUtra me nityatva kA kathana utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ina tInoM aMzoM ke avicchinnatva ko lekara hai / yahI pUrva sUtra meM kathita dhrauvya aura isa sUtra me kathita nityatva meM antara hai / 30 / anekAnta-svarUpa kA samarthana arpitAnarpitasiddheH / 31 / pratyeka vastu anekadharmAtmaka hai, kyoMki arpita-arpaNA arthAt apekSA-vizeSa se aura anarpita-anarpaNA arthAt apekSAntara se virodhI svarUpa siddha hotA hai|

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5. 31 ] anekAnta-svarUpa kA samarthana : vyAkhyAntara 137 paraspara viruddha kintu pramANa-siddha dharmo kA samanvaya eka vastu me kaise ho sakatA hai, tathA vidyamAna aneka dharmo me se kabhI eka kA aura kabhI dUsare kA pratipAdana kyoM hotA hai, yahI isa sUtra meM darzAyA gayA hai / _ 'AtmA sat hai' isa pratIti yA ukti me satva kA jo bhAna hotA hai vaha saba prakAra se ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA / yadi aisA ho to AtmA cetanA Adi sva-rUpa kI bhA~ti ghaTAdi para-rUpa se bhI sat siddha hogI arthAt usame cetanA kI taraha ghaTatva bhI bhAsamAna hogA jisase usakA viziSTa svarUpa siddha hI na hogaa| viziSTa svarUpa kA artha hI yaha hai ki vaha sva-rUpa se sat aura para-rUpa se asat hai / isa prakAra apekSA-vizeSa se sattva aura apekSAntara se asattva ye dono dharma AtmA me siddha hote hai / sattva-asattva kI bhAMti nityatva-anityatva dharma bhI usameM siddha hai| dravya ( sAmAnya ) dRSTi se nityatva aura paryAya (vizeSa ) dRSTi se anityatva siddha hotA hai| isI prakAra paraspara viruddha dikhAI denevAle, parantu apekSAbheda se siddha aura bhI ekatva-anekatva Adi dharmo kA samanvaya AtmA Adi saba vastuoM meM abAdhita hai| isalie sabhI padArtha anekadharmAtmaka mAne jAte hai / vyAkhyAntara apitAnapitasiddheH pratyeka vastu aneka prakAra se vyavahArya hai, kyoMki arpaNA aura anapaNA se arthAt vivakSA ke anusAra pradhAna evaM apradhAna bhAva se vyavahAra kI siddhi ( upapatti ) hotI hai / apekSAbheda se siddha aneka dharmoM meM se bhI kabhI kisI eka dharma dvArA aura kabhI usake virodhI dUsare dharma dvArA vastu kA vyavahAra hotA hai jo aprAmANika yA bAdhita nahIM hai, kyoMki vidyamAna saba dharma bhI eka sAtha vivakSita nahIM hote / prayojanAnusAra kabhI eka kI aura kabhI dUsare kI vivakSA hotI hai| jisa samaya jisakI vivakSA ho usa samaya vaha pradhAna aura dUsarA apradhAna hotA hai| jo karma kA kartA hai vahI usake phala kA bhoktA hotA hai / isa karma aura tajjanya phala ke sAmAnyAdhikaraNya ko dikhAne ke lie AtmA me dravyadRSTi se siddha nityatva kI vivakSA kI jAtI hai| usa samaya usakA paryAyadRSTi se siddha anityatva vivakSita na hone se gauNa hotA hai, parantu kartRtvakAla kI apekSA bhoktRtva kAla me AtmA kI avasthA meM parivartana ho jAtA hai / isa karmakAlIna aura phalakAlIna avasthAbheda ko dikhAne ke lie jaba paryAyadRSTi se siddha anityatva kA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai taba dravyadRSTi se siddha nityatva pradhAna nahI rahatA / isa

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tattvArthasutra [5. 32-35 prakAra vivakSA aura avivakSA ke kAraNa kabhI AtmA ko nitya kahA jAtA hai aura kabhI anitya / jaba donoM dharmo kI vivakSA eka sAtha kI jAtI hai taba donoM kA yugapat pratipAdana karanevAlA vAcaka zabda na hone ke kAraNa AtmA ko avaktavya kahA jAtA hai| vivakSA, avivakSA aura sahavivakSA ke Azrita ukta tIna vAkyaracanAoM ke pArasparika vividha mizraNa se aura bhI cAra vAkya-racanAe~ banatI haiN| jaise nitya-anitya, nitya-avaktavya, anitya-avaktavya aura nitya-anitya-avaktavya / ina sAta vAkya-racanAoM ko saptabhaMgI kahA jAtA hai| inameM prathama tIna vAkya aura inameM bhI do vAkya mUlabhUta hai / jaise bhinna-bhinna dRSTi se siddha nityatva aura anityatva ko lekara vivakSAvaza kisI eka vastu meM saptabhaMgI ghaTita kI jA sakatI hai, vaise aura bhI bhinna-bhinna dRSTisiddha kintu paraspara viruddha dIkhanevAle sattva asattva, ekatva-anekatva, vAcyatva-avAcyatva Adi dharmayugmoM ko lekara saptabhaMgI ghaTita karanI caahie| isa prakAra eka hI vastu anekadharmAtmaka evaM aneka vyavahAroM kI viSaya mAnI gaI hai / 31 / paudgalika bandha ke hetu snigdharUkSatvAd bandhaH / 32 / snigdhatva aura rUkSatva se bandha hotA hai| paudgalika skandha kI utpatti usake avayavabhUta paramANu Adi ke pArasparika saMyoga mAtra se nahIM hotii| isake lie saMyoga ke atirikta aura bhI kucha apekSita hotA hai| yahI isa sUtra meM darzAyA gayA hai / avayavoM ke pArasparika saMyoga ke uparAnta unameM snigdhatva (cikanApana), rUkSatva (rUkhApana ) guNa kA honA bhI Avazyaka hai / jaba snigdha aura rUkSa avayava Apasa meM milate hai taba unakA bandha ( ekatvapariNAma ) hotA hai, isI bandha se dvacaNuka Adi skandha banate hai / snigdha aura rUkSa avayavo kA zleSa sadRza aura visadRza do prakAra kA hotA hai| snigdha kA snigdha ke sAtha aura rUkSa kA rUkSa ke sAtha zleSa sadRza zleSa hai / snigdha kA rUkSa ke sAtha zleSa visadRza zleSa hai / 32 / bandha ke sAmAnya vidhAna ke apavAda na jaghanyaguNAnAm / 33 / guNasAmye sadRzAnAm / 34 / dvayadhikAdiguNAnAM tu / 35 / jaghanya guNa arthAt aMzavAle snigdha aura rUkSa avayavoM kA bandha nahIM hotaa|

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5. 32-35 ] bandha ke sAmAnya vidhAna ke apavAda 139 samAna aMza hone para sadRza arthAt snigdha ke sAtha snigdha avayavoM kA tathA rUkSa ke sAtha rUkSa avayavoM kA bandha nahIM hotaa| do aMza adhikavAle Adi avayavoM kA bandha hotA hai| ina sUtroM meM se pahalA sUtra bandha kA niSedhaka hai| isake anusAra jina paramANuoM meM snigdhatva yA rUkSatva kA aMza jaghanya ho una jaghanyaguNa paramANuoM kA pArasparika bandha nahI hotaa| isa niSedha se yaha phalita hotA hai ki madhyama aura utkRSTasaMkhyaka aMzoMvAle snigdha va rUkSa sabhI avayavoM kA pArasparika bandha ho sakatA hai / parantu isame bhI apavAda hai, jisakA varNana Age ke sUtra meM hai| usake anusAra samAna aMzavAle sadRza avayavoM kA pArasparika bandha nahIM hotaa| isase samAna aMzoMvAle snigdha tathA rukSa paramANuoM kA skandha nahIM bntaa| isa niSedha kA bhI phalita artha yaha hai ki asamAna guNavAle sadRza avayavoM kA bandha hotA hai / isa phalita artha kA saMkoca karake tIsare sUtra me sadRza avayavoM ke asamAna aMzoM kI bandhopayogI maryAdA niyata kI gaI hai| tadanusAra asamAna aMzavAle sadRza avayavoM me bhI jaba eka avayava kA snigdhatva yA rUkSatva do aMza, tIna aMza, cAra aMza Adi adhika ho tabhI una do sadRza avayavoM kA bandha hotA hai| isalie yadi eka avayava ke snigdhatva yA rUkSatva kI apekSA dUsare avayava kA snigdhatva yA rUkSatva kevala eka aMza adhika ho to una do sadRza avayavoM kA bandha nahIM hotaa| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM prastuta tInoM sUtroM me pAThabheda nahI hai, para arthabheda avazya hai| arthabheda kI dRSTi se ye tIna bAteM dhyAna dene yogya hai--- 1 jaghanyaguNa paramANu eka saMkhyAvAlA ho, taba bandha kA honA yA na honA, 2 sUtra 35 ke 'Adi' pada se tIna Adi saMkhyA lI jAya yA nahI, 3. sUtra 35 kA bandhavidhAna kevala sadRza avayavoM ke lie mAnA jAya athavA nhii| 1. bhASya aura vRtti ke anusAra dono paramANu jaba jaghanya guNavAle hoM tabhI unakA bandha niSiddha hai, arthAt eka paramANu jaghanyaguNa ho aura dUsarA jaghanyaguNa na ho tabhI unakA bandha hotA hai / parantu sarvArthasiddhi Adi sabhI digambara vyAkhyAoM ke anusAra jaghanyaguNa yukta do paramANuo ke pArasparika bandha kI taraha eka jaghanyaguNa paramANu kA dUsare ajaghanyaguNa paramANu ke sAtha bhI bandha nahIM hotaa| 2. bhASya aura vRtti ke anusAra sUtra 35 ke 'Adi' pada kA tIna Adi saMkhyA artha liyA jAtA hai / ataeva usame kisI eka avayava se dUsare avayava me snigdhatva yA rUkSatva ke aMza do, tIna, cAra tathA bar3hate-bar3hate saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta,

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tattvArtha sUtra [ 5. 32-35 ananta adhika hone para bhI bandha mAnA jAtA hai; kevala eka aMza adhika hone para bandha nahI mAnA jAtA / parantu sabhI digambara vyAkhyAo ke anusAra kevala do aMza adhika hone para hI bandha mAnA jAtA hai, arthAt eka aMza kI taraha tIna, cAra aura saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta, ananta aMza adhika hone para bandha nahI mAnA jAtA / 140 3. bhASya aura vRtti ke anusAra sUtra 35 meM do, tIna Adi aMzoM ke adhika hone para bandha kA vidhAna sadRza avayavoM para hI lAgU hotA hai, parantu digambara vyAkhyAoM meM vaha vidhAna sadRza kI bhAMti asadRza paramANuoM ke bandha para bhI lAgU hotA hai / isa arthabheda ke kAraNa donoM paramparAoM me bandha viSayaka jo vidhi-niSedha phalita hotA hai vaha Age ke koSThako se spaSTa hai : bhASya-vRttyanusAra guraNa-zraMza 1. jaghanya + jaghanya 2. jaghanya + ekAdhika 3. jaghanya - dvayadhika 4. jaghanya + tryAdi adhika 5. jaghanyetara + sama jaghanyetara 6. jaghanyetara + ekAdhika jaghanyetara 7. jaghanyetara + dvayadhika jaghanyetara 8. jaghanyetara + vyAdi adhika jaghanyetara guNa-zraMza 1. jaghanya + jaghanya 2. jaghanya + ekAdhika 3. jaghanya + dvayadhika 4. jaghanya + tryAdi adhika 5. jaghanyetara + sama jaghanyetara 6. jaghanyetara + ekAdhika jaghanyetara 7. jaghanyetara + dvayadhika jaghanyetara 8. jaghanyetara + vyAdi adhika jaghanyetara sadRza nahIM nahI sarvArthasiddhi Adi digambara vyAkhyA-granthoM ke anusAra sadRza nahI nahI nahI nahI nahI For Private Personal Use Only hai nahI nahI The the the are the visadRza nahI hai nahIM The the the the the the she visadRza nahI nahIM nahI nahI nahI nahI hai nahI

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5. 36 ] pariNAma kA svarUpa 141 snigdhatva aura rUkSatva donoM sparza-vizeSa hai / ye apanI-apanI jAti kI apekSA eka-eka rUpa hone para bhI pariNamana kI taratamatA ke kAraNa aneka prakAra ke hote hai / taratamatA yahA~ taka hotI hai ki nikRSTa snigdhatva aura nikRSTa rUkSatva tathA utkRSTa snigdhatva aura utkRSTa rUkSatva ke bIca anantAnanta azoM kA antara rahatA hai, jaise bakarI aura U~TanI ke dUdha ke snigdhatva meM / snigdhatva donoM me hI hotA hai parantu eka me atyalpa hotA hai aura dUsare me atyadhika / taratamatAvAle snigdhatva aura rUkSatva pariNAmoM meM jo pariNAma sabase nikRSTa arthAt avibhAjya ho use jacanya aMza kahate hai / jaghanya ko choDakara zeSa sabhI jaghanyetara kahe jAte hai / jaghanyetara meM madhyama aura utkRSTa saMkhyA A jAtI hai / sabase adhika snigdhatva pariNAma utkRSTa hai aura jaghanya tathA utkRSTa ke bIca ke sabhI pariNAma madhyama hai / jaghanya snigdhatva kI apekSA utkRSTa snigdhatva anantAnanta gunA adhika hone se yadi jaghanya snigdhatva ko eka aMza kahA jAya to utkRSTa snigdhatva ko anantAnanta aMzaparimita mAnanA cAhie / do, tIna yAvat saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta, ananta aura eka kama utkRSTa taka ke sabhI aMza madhyama hai / yahA~ sadRza kA artha hai snigdha kA snigdha ke sAtha yA rUkSa kA rUkSa ke sAtha bandha honA aura visadRza kA artha hai snigdha kA rUkSa ke sAtha bandha honA / eka aza jaghanya hai aura usase eka adhika arthAt do aMza ekAdhika hai / do aMza adhika hoM taba dvayadhika aura tIna aMza adhika ho taba trydhik| isI taraha cAra aMza adhika hone para caturadhika yAvat anantAnanta - adhika kahalAtA hai / sama arthAt samasaMkhyA / donoM ora azo kI saMkhyA samAna ho taba vaha sama hai / do aMza jaghanyetara kA sama jaghanyetara do aMza hai, do aMza jaghanyetara kA ekAdhika jaghanyetara tIna aMza hai, do aMza jaghanyetara kA dvayadhika jaghanyetara cAra aMza hai, do aMza jaghanyetara kA tryadhika jaghanyetara pA~ca aMza hai aura caturadhika jaghanyetara chaH aMza hai / isI prakAra tIna Adi se anantAMza jaghanyetara taka ke sama, ekAdhika, dvayadhika aura tryAdi adhika jaghanyetara hote hai / 33-35 / pariNAma kA svarUpa bandhe samAdhika pAriNAmikau' / 36 / bandha ke samaya sama aura adhika guNa, sama tathA hIna guNa ke pariNamana karAnevAle hote haiM / 1. digambara paramparA me 'bandhe'dhiko pAriNAmiko ca' sUtrapATha hai / tadanusAra eka sama kA dUsare sama ko apane svarUpa me milAnA iSTa nahI hai / kevala adhika kA hIna ko apane svarUpa me milA lenA hI iSTa hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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142 tattvArthasUtra [5. 37 prazna-bandha ke vidhi aura niSedha kA varNana to huA, kintu jina sadRza paramANuoM kA yA visadRza paramANuoM kA bandha hotA hai uname kauna kisako pariNata karatA hai ? uttara-samAza sthala me sadRza bandha to hotA hI nahI, visadRza hotA hai, jaise do aMza snigdha kA do aMza rUkSa ke sAtha yA tIna aza snigdha kA tIna aMza rUkSa ke sAtha / aise sthala me koI eka sama dUsare sama ko apane rUpa meM pariNata kara letA hai arthAt dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ke anusAra kabhI snigdhatva rUkSatva ko snigdhatva me badala detA hai aura kabhI rUkSatva snigdhatva ko rUkSatva me badala detA hai| paraMtu adhikAMza sthala meM adhikAMza hI hInAza ko apane svarUpa me badala sakatA hai, jaise paMcAza snigdhatva tIna aMza snigdhatva ko apane rUpa meM pariNata karatA hai arthAt tIna aMza snigdhatva bhI pA~ca aMza snigdhatva ke sambandha se pA~ca aMza parimANa ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra pA~ca aMza snigdhatva tIna aMza rUkSatva ko bhI sva-svarUpa me milA letA hai arthAt rUkSatva snigdhatva me badala jAtA hai| rUkSatva adhika ho to vaha apane se kama snigdhatva ko apane rUpa kA banA letA hai / 36 / dravya kA lakSaNa guNaparyAyavad dravyam / 37 / dravya guNa-paryAyavAlA hai / dravya kA ullekha pahale aneka bAra AyA hai, isalie usakA lakSaNa yahA~ batalAyA gayA hai| jisame guNa aura paryAya hoM vaha dravya hai| pratyeka dravya apane pariNAmI svabhAva ke kAraNa samaya-samaya me nimittAnusAra bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM pariNata hotA rahatA hai arthAt vividha pariNAmoM ko prApta karatA rahatA hai / dravya meM pariNAmajanana ko zakti hI usakA guNa hai aura guNajanya pariNAma paryAya hai / guNa kAraNa hai aura paryAya kArya / eka dravya me zakti-rUpa ananta guNa hote hai jo vastutaH AzrayabhUta dravya se yA paraspara meM avibhAjya hai| pratyeka guNa-zakti ke bhinna-bhinna samayoM meM honevAle traikAlika paryAya ananta hai / dravya aura usakI aMzabhUta zaktiyA~ utpanna tathA vinaSTa na hone se nitya arthAt anAdi-ananta hai, parantu sabhI paryAya pratikSaNa utpanna tathA naSTa hote rahane se vyaktiza. anitya arthAt sAdi-sAnta hai aura pravAha kI apekSA se anAdi-ananta hai / kAraNabhUta eka zakti ke dvArA dravya meM honevAlA traikAlika paryAya-pravAha bhI sajAtIya hai| dravya meM ananta zaktiyoM se tajjanya ananta paryAya-pravAha bhI eka sAtha calate rahate hai / bhinna

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5. 37 ] dravya kA lakSaNa 143 bhinna zaktijanya vijAtIya paryAya eka samaya me eka dravya me hote hai, parantu eka zaktijanya bhinna-bhinna samayabhAvI sajAtIya paryAya eka dravya me eka samaya me nahI hote / / AtmA aura pudgala dravya hai, kyoki uname kramazaH cetanA Adi tathA rUpa Adi ananta guNa hai aura jJAna-darzanarUpa vividha upayoga Adi tathA nIla, pIta Adi vividha ananta paryAya hai| AtmA cetanAzakti dvArA bhinna-bhinna upayogarUpa meM aura pudgala rUpazakti dvArA bhinna bhinna nIla, pIta Adi ke rUpa meM pariNata hotA rahatA hai| cetanAzakti Atma dravya se aura Atmagata anya zaktiyoM se alaga nahIM kI jA sktii| isI prakAra rUpazakti pudgala dravya se tathA pudgalagata anya zaktiyoM se pRthak nahI ho sakatI / jJAna, darzana Adi bhinnabhinna samayavartI vividha upayogoM ke traikAlika pravAha kI kAraNabhUta eka cetanAzakti hai aura usa zakti kA kAryabhUta paryAya-pravAha upayogAtmaka hai| pudgala me bhI kAraNabhUta rUpazakti aura nIla, pIta Adi vividha varNaparyAyapravAha usa eka zakti kA kArya hai / AtmA me upayogAtmaka paryAya-pravAha kI taraha sukha-du.kha vedanAtmaka paryAya-pravAha, pravRttyAtmaka paryAya-pravAha Adi ananta paryAya-pravAha eka sAtha calate hai / isalie usame cetanA kI bhAMti usa-usa sajAtIya paryAyapravAha kI kAraNabhUta Ananda, vIrya Adi eka-eka zakti ke mAnane se ananta zaktiyA~ siddha hotI hai / isI prakAra pudgala me bhI rUpaparyAya-pravAha kI bhAMti gandha, rasa, sparza Adi ananta paryAya-pravAha satata calate hai| isalie pratyeka pravAha kI kAraNabhUta eka-eka zakti ke mAnane se usame rUpazakti kI bhA~ti gandha, rasa, sparza Adi ananta zaktiyA~ siddha hotI hai / AtmA me cetanA, Ananda, vIrya Adi zaktiyoM ke bhinna-bhinna vividha paryAya eka samaya me ho sakate hai parantu eka cetanAzakti yA eka Anandazakti ke vividha upayoga paryAya yA vividha vedanA paryAya eka samaya me nahI ho sakate, kyoMki pratyeka zakti kA eka samaya me eka hI paryAya vyakta hotA hai| isI prakAra pudgala me bhI rUpa, gandha Adi bhinna-bhinna zaktiyo ke bhinna-bhinna paryAya eka samaya me hote hai parantu eka rUpazakti ke nIla, pIta Adi vividha paryAya eka samaya me nahIM hote / jisa prakAra AtmA aura pudgala dravya nitya hai usI prakAra unakI cetanA Adi tathA rUpa Adi zaktiyA~ bhI nitya hai / cetanAjanya upayoga-paryAya yA rUpazaktijanya nIla-pItaparyAya nitya nahI hai, kintu sadaiva utpatti-vinAzazIla hone se ikAI ke rUpa meM anitya hai aura upayoga-paryAya-pravAha tathA rUpa-paryAya-pravAha traikAlika hone se nitya hai / ananta guNoM kA akhaMDa samudAya hI dravya hai, tathApi AtmA ke cetanA, Ananda

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144 tattvArtha sUtra [ 5. 38-39 cAritra, vIrya Adi parimita guNa hI sAdhAraNabuddhi chadmastha kI kalpanA meM Ate hai, saba guNa nahI / isI prakAra pudgala ke bhI rUpa-rasa- gandha-sparza Adi kucha hI guNa kalpanA me Ate hai, saba guNa nahI / kAraNa yaha hai ki AtmA yA pudgala dravya ke samasta paryAyapravAhoM ko jAnanA viziSTa jJAna ke binA sambhava nahI / jo-jo paryAya- pravAha sAdhAraNa buddhigamya hai unake kAraNabhUta guNo kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai, isalie ve guNa vikalpya hai / AtmA ke cetanA, Ananda, cAritra, vIrya Adi guNa vikalpya arthAt vicAra va vANI ke pudgala ke rUpa Adi guNa vikalpya hai / zeSa saba avikalpya jJAnagamya hI hai / gocara hai aura haiM jo kevala trikAlavartI ananta paryAyoM ke eka-eka pravAha kI kAraNabhUta ( guNa ) aura aisI ananta zaktiyoM kA samudAya dravya hai, yaha sApekSa hai / abhedadRSTi se paryAya apane-apane kAraNabhUta guNasvarUpa svarUpa hone se dravya guNaparyAyAtmaka hI kahA jAtA hai / dravya meM saba guNa samAna nahI hai / kucha sAdhAraNa hote hai arthAt saba dravyoM meM pAye jAte hai, jaise astitva, pradezatva, jJeyatva Adi aura kucha asAdhAraNa hote hai arthAt eka-eka dravya me pAye jAte hai jaise cetanA, rUpa Adi / asAdhAraNa guNa aura tajjanya paryAya ke kAraNa hI pratyeka dravya eka-dUsare se bhinna hai / dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya aura AkAzAstikAya dravyoM ke guNa tathA paryAyoM kA vicAra bhI isI prakAra karanA cAhie / yahA~ yaha bAta jJAtavya hai ki pudgala dravya mUrta hai, ataH usake guNa tathA paryAya guru laghu kahe jAte hai / parantu zeSa saba dravya amUrta hai ataH unake guNa aura paryAya agurulaghu kahe jAte hai / 37 / kAla tathA usake paryAya 1 kAlazcetyeke / 38 / so'nantasamayaH / 39 / koI AcArya kAla ko bhI dravya kahate haiM / vaha ananta samayavAlA hai / 1. digambara paramparA me 'kAlazca' sUtrapATha hai / tadanusAra vahA~ kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnA gayA hai / vahA~ prastuta sUtra ko ekadezIya mata-paraka na mAnakara siddhAntarUpa se hI kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnane kA sUtrakAra kA tAtparya batalAyA gayA hai / jo kAla ko svatantra dravya nahI mAnate aura jo mAnate hai ve saba apane-apane mantavya kI puSTi kisa prakAra karate hai, kAla kA svarUpa kaisA batalAte hai, isame aura bhI kitane matabheda hai| ityAdi bAto ko vizeSa rUpa se jAnane ke lie dekhe - hindI cauthA karmagrantha, kAlaviSayaka pariziSTa, pR0 157 / eka-eka zakti kathana bhI bheda aura guNa dravya For Private Personal Use Only

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5. 40-41] guNa tathA pariNAma kA svarUpa 145 pahale kAla ke vartanA Adi aneka paryAya kahe gae hai, parantu dharmAstikAya Adi kI bhAMti usame dravyatva kA vidhAna nahIM kiyA gyaa|' isalie prazna uThatA hai ki kyA pahale vidhAna na karane se kAla dravya nahIM hai ? athavA vartanA Adi paryAyoM kA varNana karane se kAla kI gaNanA dravya meM ho jAtI hai ? ina praznoM kA uttara yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai| sUtrakAra kahate hai ki koI AcArya kAla ko dravya mAnate hai| sUtrakAra kA sAtparya yaha pratIta hotA hai ki kAla kA svatantra dravyatva sarvasammata nahIM hai| kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnanevAle AcArya ke mata kA nirAkaraNa sUtrakAra ne nahIM kiyA, usakA ullekhamAtra kara diyA hai| yahA~ sUtrakAra kahate hai ki kAla ananta paryAyavAlA hai| kAla ke vartanA Adi paryAyoM kA kathana to pahale ho cukA hai| samayarUpa paryAya bhI kAla ke hI hai / vartamAnakAlIna samayaparyAya to eka hI hotA hai, parantu atIta, anAgata samaya ke paryAya ananta hote hai / isIlie kAla ko ananta samayavAlA kahA gayA hai / 38-:9 / guNa kA svarUpa dravyAzrayA niguNA guNAH / 40 / jo dravya meM sadA rahanevAle aura guNarahita haiM ve guNa haiM / dravya ke lakSaNa me guNa kA kathana A gayA hai, isalie yahA~ usakA svarUpa batalAyA jA rahA hai| paryAya bhI dravya ke hI Azrita aura nirguNa hai phira bhI utpAda-vinAzazIla hone se dravya me sadA mahI rahate, para guNa to nitya hone se sadA dravyAzrita hote hai / guNa aura paryAya me yahI antara hai| dravya meM sadA vartamAna zaktiyAM hI guNa hai, jo paryAya kI janaka mAnI jAtI hai| una guNo me puna. guNAntara yA zaktyantara mAnane se anavasthA doSa AtA hai, isalie dravya niSTha zaktirUpa guNa nirguNa hI mAne gae hai / AtmA ke guNa cetanA, samyaktva, cAritra, Ananda, vIrya Adi aura pumala ke guNa rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adi hai| pariNAma kA svarUpa tinAbapariNAmaH / 41 / usakA honA arthAt svarUpa meM sthita rahate hue utpanna tathA naSTa honA pariNAma hai| 1. dekheM-a0 5, sU0 22 / 2. dekheM-a0 5, sa0 37 / 10

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146 tattvArthasutra [5. 42-44 pahale kaI sthalo para pariNAma kA bhI kathana A cukA hai| ataH yahA~ usakA svarUpa darzAyA jA rahA hai / / bauddha darzana ke anusAra vastumAtra kSaNasthAyI aura niranvayavinAzI hai / isake anusAra pariNAma kA artha utpanna hokara sarvathA naSTa ho jAnA arthAt nAza ke bAda kisI tattva kA sthita na rahanA phalita hotA hai| naiyAyika Adi bhedavAdI darzanoM ke anusAra-jo ki guNa aura dravya kA ekAnta bheda mAnate hai'sarvathA avikRta dravya meM guNoM kA utpanna tathA naSTa honA' pariNAma kA artha phalita hotA hai / ina donoM matoM se bhinna pariNAma ke svarUpa ke sambandha me jaina darzana kA mantavyabheda hI isa sUtra me darzAyA gayA hai| koI dravya athavA guNa sarvathA avikRta nahI hotaa| vikRta arthAt avasthAntaroM ko prApta hote rahane para bhI koI dravya athavA guNa apanI mUla jAti ( svabhAva ) kA tyAga nahIM karatA / sArAza yaha hai ki dravya yA guNa apanI-apanI jAti kA tyAga kiye binA pratisamaya nimittAnusAra bhinna bhinna avasthAoM ko prApta hote rahate hai / yahI dravyo tathA guNo kA pariNAma hai / AtmA manuSya ke rUpa meM ho yA pazu-pakSo ke rUpa me, cAhe jina avasthAoM meM rahane para bhI usame Atmatva banA rahatA hai / isI prakAra jJAnarUpa sAkAra upayoga ho yA darzanarUpa nirAkAra upayoga, ghaTa-viSayaka jJAna ho yA paTa-viSayaka, saba upayoga-paryAyo me cetanA banI hI rahatI hai / cAhe dvayaNuka avasthA ho yA tryaNaka Adi, para una aneka avasthAoM meM bhI pudgala apane pudgalapana ko nahIM chodd'taa| isI prakAra zukla rUpa badalakara kRSNa ho, yA kRSNa badalakara pIta ho, una vividha varNaparyAyoM me rUpatva-svabhAva sthita rahatA hai / yahI bAta pratyeka dravya aura usake pratyeka guNa ke viSaya me hai / 41 / pariNAma ke bheda tathA AzrayavibhAga anAdirAdimAMzca / 42 / rUpiSvAdimAn / 43 // yogopayogI jIveSu / 44 / vaha anAdi aura AdimAn do prakAra kA hai / rUpI arthAt pUdgaloM meM AdimAna hai| jIvoM meM yoga aura upayoga AdimAn haiN| 1. dekheM-a0 5, sU0 22, 36 /

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5 42-44] pariNAma ke bheda tathA AzrayavibhAga 147 jisake kAla ko pUrvakoTi jJAta na ho sake vaha anAdi tathA jisake kAla ko pUrvakoTi jJAta ho sake vaha AdimAn hai| anAdi aura AdimAn zabda kA sAmAnya rUpa se sarvatra prasiddha ukta artha mAna lene para dvividha pariNAma ke Azraya kA vicAra karate samaya yahI siddhAnta sthira hotA hai ki rUpI yA arUpI sabhI dravyoM me anAdi aura AdimAn dono prakAra ke pariNAma hote hai / pravAha kI apekSA se anAdi aura vyakti kI apekSA se AdimAn pariNAma sabame samAna rUpa se ghaTita kiyA jA sakatA hai| aisA hone para bhI prastuta sUtroM meM tathA inake bhASya meM bhI ukta artha sampUrNatayA tathA spaSTatayA kyoM nahIM nirUpita kiyA gayA ? yaha prazna vRttikAra ne bhASya kI vRtti me uThAyA hai aura anta me svIkAra kiyA hai ki vastutaH saba dravyoM meM anAdi tathA AdimAn donoM pariNAma hote hai / ___sarvArthasiddhi Adi digambara vyAkhyA-granthoM me to saba dravyo me donoM prakAra ke pariNAma hone kA spaSTa nirUpaNa hai aura isakA samarthana bhI kiyA hai ki dravyasAmAnya kI apekSA se anAdi aura paryAya-vizeSa kI apekSA se AdimAn pariNAma hotA hai| digambara vyAkhyAkAroM ne 42 se 44 taka ke tIna sUtra mUlapATha me na rakhakara 'tabhAva. pariNAmaH' sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM hI pariNAma ke bheda aura unake Azraya kA kathana sampUrNatayA tathA spaSTa rUpa me kiyA hai / isase jJAta hotA hai ki unako bhI pariNAma ke AzrayavibhAgaparaka prastuta sUtroM tathA unake bhASya me arthatruTi athavA aspaSTatA avazya pratIta huI hogii| isIlie unhone apUrNArthaka sUtroM ko pUrNa karane kI apekSA apane vaktavya ko svatantra rUpa se kahanA hI ucita smjhaa|

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: 6 : Astrava jova aura bejIvaM kA nirUpaNa samApta kara aba isa adhyAya meM Asrava kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai / yoga arthAt Asrava kA svarUpa kAyavAGmanaH karma yogaH / 1 / / 2 / S kAya, vacana aura mana kI kriyA yoga hai / vahI Asrava hai arthAt karma kA sambandha karAnevAlA hai / vIryAntarAya ke kSayopazama yA kSaya se tathA pudgaloM ke Alambana se honevAle AtmapradezoM ke parispanda ( kampanavyApAra ) ko yoga kahate hai / Alambanabheda se isake tIna bheda hai-- kAyayoga, bacanayoga aura manoyoga / 1 kAyayoga - audAri - kAdi zarIra vargaNA ke pudgaloM ke Alambana se pravartamAna yoga; 2. vacanayoga-matijJAnAvaraNa, akSara- zrutAvaraNa Adi karmoM ke kSayopazama se utpanna Antarika vAlabdhi hone para bhASAvargaNA ke Alambana se bhASA-pariNAma ke abhimukha AtmA kA pradeza -parispanda; 3. manoyoga - noindriya matijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazamarUpa Antarika manolabdhi hone para manovargaNA ke avalambana se mana pariNAma ke abhimukha AtmA kA pradezakampana | ukta tInoM prakAra ke yoga ko hI Asrava kahate hai, kyoMki yoga ke dvArA hI AtmA me karmavargaNA kA AsravaNa ( karmarUpa se sambandha ) hotA hai / jaise jalAzaya meM jala ko praveza karAnevAle nAle Adi kA mukha Asrava arthAt vahana kA nimitta hone se Asrava kahA jAtA hai, vaise hI karmAsrava kA nimitta hone se yoga ko Asrava kahate hai / 1-2 / rail 148

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149 6. 3-4] yoga ke bheda aura unakA kAryabheda yoga ke bheda aura unakA kAryabheda zubhaH puNyasya / 3 / azubhaH pApasya' / 4 / zubha yoga puNya kA Asrava (bandhahetu) hai| azubha yoga pApa kA Asrava hai| kAyayoga Adi tInoM yoga zubha bhI hai aura azubha bhii| yoga ke zubhatva aura azubhatva kA AdhAra bhAvanA kI zubhAzubhatA hai / zubha uddezya se pravRtta yoga zubha aura azubha uddezya se pravRtta yoga azubha hai| kAryakarmabandha kI zubhAzubhatA-para yoga kI zubhAzubhatA avalambita nahIM hai, kyoMki aisA mAnane se sabhI yoga azubha hI ho jAya~ge, koI yoga zubha na raha jAyegA, jaba ki zubha yoga bhI AThaveM Adi guNasthAnoM meM azubha jJAnAvaraNIya Adi karmoM ke bandha kA kAraNa hotA hai / hiMsA, corI, abrahma Adi kAyika vyApAra azubha kAyayoga aura dayA, dAna, brahmacaryapAlana Adi zubha kAyayoga hai / satya kintu sAvadha bhASaNa, mithyA bhASaNa, kaThora bhASaNa Adi azubha vAgyoga aura niravadya satya bhASaNa, mRdu tathA sabhya Adi bhASaNa zubha vAgyoga hai / dUsaroM kI burAI kA tathA unake vadha Adi kA cintana karanA azubha manoyoga aura dUsaroM kI bhalAI kA cintana Adi karanA tathA unake utkarSa se prasanna honA zubha manoyoga hai| zubha-yoga kA kArya puNya prakRti kA bandha aura azubha-yoga kA kArya pApaprakRti kA bandha hai / prastuta sUtroM kA yaha vidhAna ApekSika hai, kyoMki saMkleza ( kaSAya ) kI mandatA ke samaya honevAlA yoga zubha aura saMkleza kI tIvratA ke samaya honevAlA yoga azubha hai| jaise azubha yoga ke samaya prathama Adi guNasthAnoM meM jJAnAvaraNIya Adi sabhI puNya-pApa prakRtiyoM kA yathAsambhava bandha hotA 1. satra 3 va 4 ke sthAna para 'zubha puNyasyAzubhaH pApasya' yaha eka hI satra digambara grantho meM satra 3 ke rUpa meM hai| paraMtu rAjavArtika meM 'tataH satradvayamanarthakam' ullekha prastuta satro kI carcA me milatA hai : dekheM--pRSTha 248 vAttika 7 kI TIkA / isa ullekha se jJAta hotA hai ki vyAkhyAkAroM ne donoM satra sAtha likhakara una para eka sAtha hI vyAkhyA kI hogI aura lipikAroM yA prakAzakoM ne eka sAtha satra-pATha aura vyAkhyA dekhakara donoM sUtroM ko alaga-alaga na mAnakara eka hI sUtra samjha liyA hogA aura eka hI saMkhyA likha dI hogii| 2. isake lie dekheM--hidI cauthA karmagrantha, guNasthAnoM me bandhavicAra; tathA hiMdI dUsarA krmgrnth|

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150 tattvArtha sUtra [ 6.5 hai, vaise hI chaThe Adi guNasthAnoM me zubha yoga ke samaya bhI sabhI puNya-pApa prakRtiyoM kA yathAsambhava bandha hotA hai / phira zubhayoga kA puNya-bandha ke kAraNarUpa me aura azubhayoga kA pApa-bandha ke kAraNarUpa me alaga-alaga vidhAna kaise sagata ho sakatA hai ? isalie prastuta vidhAna mukhyatayA anubhAgabandha kI apekSA se hai / zubhayoga kI tIvratA ke samaya puNya - prakRtiyo ke anubhAga ( rasa ) kI mAtrA adhika aura pApa-prakRtiyo ke 'anubhAga kI mAtrA alpa niSpanna hotI hai / isase ulaTe azubhayoga kI tIvratA ke samaya pApa-prakRtiyo kA anubhAgabandha adhika aura puNya - prakRtiyo kA anubhAgabandha alpa hotA hai / isame jo zubhayogajanya puNyAnubhAga kI adhika mAtrA tathA azubhayogajanya pApAnubhAga kI adhika mAtrA hai, use pradhAna mAnakara sUtro me anukrama se zubhayoga ko puNya kA aura azubhayoga ko pApa kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| zubhayogajanya pApAnubhAga kI alpa mAtrA aura azubhayogajanya puNyAnubhAga kI alpa mAtrA vivakSita nahI hai, kyoki loka kI bhA~ti zAstra meM bhI pradhAnatApUrvaka vyavahAra kA vidhAna prasiddha hai / ' 3-4 / svAmibheda se yoga kA phalabheda sakaSAyAkaSAyayoH sAmparAyikeryApathayoH / 9 / kaSAyasahita aura kaSAyarahita AtmA kA yoga anukrama se sAmparAyika karma aura IryApatha karma kA bandhahetu ( Asrava ) hotA hai / jiname krodha lobha Adi kaSAyoM kA udaya ho ve kaSAyasahita hai aura jiname na ho ve kaSAyarahita hai / pahale se dasave guNasthAna taka ke sabhI jIva nyUnAdhika pramANa meM sakaSAya hote hai aura gyArahave tathA Age ke guNasthAnavartI akaSAya hote hai / AtmA kA parAbhava karanevAlA karma sAmparAyika kahalAtA hai / jaise gIle camaDe ke Upara havA dvArA paDI huI raja usase cipaka jAtI hai, vaise hI yoga dvArA AkRSTa honevAlA jo karma kaSAyodaya ke kAraNa AtmA ke sAtha sambaddha hokara sthiti pA letA hai vaha sAmparAyika karma hai / sUkhI dIvAla ke Upara lage hue lakar3I ke gole kI taraha yoga se AkRSTa jo karma kaSAyodaya na hone se AtmA ke sAtha lagakara turanta hI chUTa jAtA hai vaha IryApatha karma kahalAtA hai / IryApatha karma kI sthiti kevala eka samaya kI mAnI gaI hai / 1. 'prAdhAnyena vyapadezA bhavanti' kA nyAya / jaise jahA~ brAhmaNo kI pradhAnatA ho yA unakI saMkhyA adhika ho vahA~ anya varNa ke logo ke hone para bhI vaha gA~va brAhmaNo kA kahalAtA hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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6. 6) sAmparAyika karmAsrava ke bheda 151 kaSAyodayavAlI AtmAe~ kAyayoga Adi tIna prakAra ke zubha azubha yoga se jo karma bA~dhatI hai vaha sAmparAyika arthAt kaSAya kI tIvratA yA mandatA ke anusAra adhika yA alpa sthitivAlA hotA hai aura yathAsambhava zubhAzubha vipAka kA kAraNa bhii| parantu kaSAyamukta AtmAe~ tIno prakAra ke yoga se jo karma bA~dhatI hai vaha kaSAya ke abhAva ke kAraNa na to vipAkajanaka hotA hai aura na eka samaya se adhika sthiti hI prApta karatA hai| eka samaya kI sthitivAle isa karma ko IryApathika kahane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki vaha karma kaSAya ke abhAva me kevala IryA ( gamanAgamanAdi kriyA) ke patha dvArA hI bA~dhA jAtA hai / sArAza yaha hai ki tInoM prakAra kA yoga samAna hone para bhI kaSAya na ho to upAjita karma me sthiti yA rasa kA bandha nahI hotaa| sthiti aura rasa dono ke bandha kA kAraNa kaSAya hI hai / ataeva kaSAya hI saMsAra kI mUla jar3a hai / 5 / sAmparAyika karmAsrava ke bheda avratakaSAyendriyakriyAH paJcacatuHpaJcapaJcaviMzatisaMkhyAH pUrvasya bhedaaH|6| pUrva ke arthAt sAmparAyika karmAsrava ke avrata, kaSAya, indriya aura kriyArUpa bheda hai jinakI sakhyA kramazaH paoNca, cAra, paoNca aura paccIsa hai| jina hetuo se sAmparAyika karma kA bandha hotA hai ve sAmparAyika karma ke Asrava hai / aise Asrava sakaSAya jIvo me hI hote hai| prastuta sUtra me sAmparAyika karmAsrava ke bhedo kA hI kathana hai, kyoki ve kaSAyamUlaka hai / __ hiMsA, asatya, corI, abrahma aura parigraha ye paoNca avrata hai, jinakA nirUpaNa sAtaveM adhyAya ke sUtra 8 se 12 taka me hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye cAra kaSAya hai, jinakA vizeSa svarUpa adhyAya 8, sUtra 10 me varNita hai| sparzana Adi pA~ca indriyo kA varNana adhyAya 2, sUtra 20 me ho cukA hai| yahA~ indriya kA artha rAga-dveSayukta pravRtti hai, kyoki svarUpa mAtra se koI indriya karmabandha kA kAraNa nahI hotI aura na indriyoM kI rAga-dveSarahita pravRtti hI karmabandha kA kAraNa hotI hai| paccIsa kriyAoM ke nAma aura lakSaNa-1. samyaktvakriyA--deva, guru va zAstra kI pUjApratipattirUpa hone se samyaktva poSaka, 2. mithyAtvakriyAmithyAtva-mohanIya karma se honevAlI sarAga deva kI stuti-upAsanA AdirUpa, 3. prayogakriyA-zarIra Adi dvArA jAne-Ane Adi me kaSAyayukta pravRtti, 4. samAdAnakriyA-tyAgI hote hue bhogavRtti kI ora jhukAva, 5. IryApathakriyAeka sAmayika karma ke bandhana yA vedana kI kAraNabhUta kriyA /

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152 tatvArthasUtra [ 6.6 1. kAyikI kriyA -- duSTabhAva se yukta hokara prayatna karanA arthAt kisI kAma ke lie tatpara honA, 2. AdhikaraNikI kriyA - hiMsAkArI sAdhanoM ko grahaNa karanA, 3. prAdoSikI kriyA - krodha ke Aveza se honevAlI kriyA, 4 pAritApanikI kriyA --- prANiyoM ko satAnevAlI kriyA, 5. prANAtipAtikI kriyAprANiyoM ko prANoM' se viyukta karane kI kriyA / 1. darzana kriyA - rAgavaza ramaNIya rUpa ko dekhane kI vRtti, 2. sparzana kriyA - pramAdavaza sparza karane yogya vastuoM ke sparzAnubhava kI vRtti, 3. prAtyayikI kriyA - naye zastroM kA nirmANa, 4. samantAnupAtana kriyA --strI, puruSa aura pazuoM ke jAne-Ane kI jagaha para mala-mUtra Adi tyAganA, 5. anAbhoga kriyA - jisa jagaha kA avalokana aura pramArjana nahIM kiyA gayA hai vahA~ zarIra Adi rakhanA / 1. svahasta kriyA -- dUsare ke karane kI kriyA ko svayaM kara lenA, 2 . nisa kriyA - pApakArI pravRtti ke lie anumati denA 3 vidAra kriyA dUsare ke kiye gae pApakArya ko prakaTa karanA, 4 . AjJAvyApAdikI kriyA - vrata pAlana karane kI zakti ke abhAva me zAstrokta AjJA ke viparIta prarUpaNA karanA, 5. anavakAMkSa kriyA - dhUrtatA aura Alasya se zAstrokta vidhi kA anAdara karanA / 1. Arambha kriyA-kATane-pITane aura ghAta karane me svayaM rata rahanA aura are logoM meM vaisI pravRtti dekhakara prasanna honA, 2. pArigrahikI kriyA --- pariha kA nAza na hone ke lie kI jAnevAlI kriyA, 3. mAyA kriyA--jJAna, darzana Adi ke viSaya me dUsaro ko ThaganA, 4 . mithyAdarzana kriyA -- mithyAdRSTi ke anukUla pravRtti karane-karAne me nirata manuSya ko 'tU ThIka karatA hai' ityAdi rUpa me prazaMsA Adi dvArA mithyAtva me dRDha karanA, 5 . apratyAkhyAna kriyA-saMyama ghAtikarma ke prabhAva ke kAraNa pApadhyApAra se nivRtta na honA / pA~ca-pAMca kriyAo ke ukta pA~ca paJcakoM meM se kevala IryApathikI kriyA sAmparAyika karma ke Asava kI kAraNa nahI hai, zeSa saba kriyAe~ kaSAyaprerita hone ke kAraNa sAmparAyika karma ke bandha kI kAraNa hai / yahA~ ukta saba kriyAoM kA nirdeza sAmparAyika karmAsrava - bAhulya kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi avrata, indriyapravRtti aura ukta kriyAoM kI bandhakAraNatA rAgadveSa para avalambita hai, isalie kasbukaH rAgadveSa - kaSAya hI sAmparAyika karma kA bandhakAraNa hai, tathApi kaSAya se ama avrata Adi kA bandhakAraNarUpa se kathana sUtra meM isalie hai ki kaSAyajanya kauna 1. pA~ca indriyoM, mana-vacana-kAya ye tIna bala, ucchvAsaniHzvAsa aura Ayu ye dasa prANa hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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6. 7 ] pariNAma-bheda se karmabandha me vizeSatA 153 kauna sI pravRtti vyavahAra meM mukhyatayA dikhAI par3atI hai aura saMvara ke abhilASI ko kauna-kauna sI pravRtti rokane kI ora dhyAna denA cAhie / 6 / bandha kA kAraNa samAna hone para bhI pariNAmabheda se karmabandha meM vizeSatA tIvramandajJAtAjJAtabhAvavIryA'dhikaraNavi zeSebhyastadvizeSaH / 7 / tIvrabhAva, mandabhAva, jJAtabhAva, ajJAtabhAva, vIrya aura adhikaraNa ke bheda se usakI ( karmabandha kI ) vizeSatA honI hai / prANAtipAta, indriyavyApAra aura samyaktvakriyA Adi ukta Asrava ( bandhakAraNa ) samAna hone para bhI tajjanya karmabandha meM kisa-kisa kAraNa se vizeSatA hotI hai yahI isa sUtra meM pratipAdita hai / bAhya bandhakAraNa samAna hone para bhI pariNAma kI tIvratA aura mandatA ke kAraNa karmabandha bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA hotA hai / jaise eka hI dRzya ke do darzakoM me se maMda AsaktivAle kI apekSA tIvra AsaktivAlA karma kA tIvra bandha hI karatA hai / icchApUrvaka pravRtti karanA jJAtabhAva hai aura binA icchA ke kRtya kA ho jAnA ajJAtabhAva hai / jJAtabhAva aura ajJAtabhAva me bAhya vyApAra samAna hone para bhI karmabandha meM antara paDatA hai / jaise eka vyakti hariNa ko hariNa samajhakara bANa se bIMdha DAlatA hai aura dUsarA nizAnA sAdhatA to hai kisI nirjIva padArtha para kintu bhUla se hariNa biMdha jAtA hai / bhUla se mAranevAle kI apekSA samajhapUrvaka mAranevAle kA karmabandha utkaTa hotA hai / vIrya ( zaktivizeSa ) bhI karma - bandha kI vicitratA kA kAraNa hotA hai / jaise drAna, sevA Adi zubha kArya ho yA hiMsA, corI Adi azubha kArya, sabhI zubhAzubha kArya balavAn manuSya jisa sahajatA aura utsAhU se kara sakatA hai, nirbala manuSya vahI kArya baDI kaThinAI se kara pAtA hai, isalie balavAn kI apekSA nirbala kA zubhAzubha karmabandha manda hotA hai / jIvAjIvarUpa adhikaraNa ke aneka bheda hai / unakI vizeSatA se bhI karmabandha me vizeSatA AtI hai / jaise hatyA, corI Adi azubha aura para-rakSaNa Adi zubha kArya karanevAle do manuSyo me se eka ke pAsa adhikaraNa ( zastra ) ugra ho aura dUsare ke pAsa sAdhAraNa ho to sAmAnya zastradhArI kI apekSA ugra zastravArI kA karmabandha tIvra honA sambhava hai, kyaM ki ugra zastra ke sannidhAna se usameM eka prakAra kA tIvra Aveza rahatA hai / bAhya kAsava kI samAnatA hone para bhI karmabandha me asamAnatA ke kAraNa rUpa - se sUtra meM bIrya, adhikaraNa Adi kI vizeSatA kA kathana kiyA gayA hai / phira For Private Personal Use Only

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154 tattvArthasUtra [6. 8-10 bhI karmabandha kI vizeSatA kA vizeSa nimitta kASAyika pariNAma kA tIvra-manda bhAva hI hai| parantu sajJAnapravRti aura zakti kI vizeSatA karmabandha kI vizeSatA kI kAraNa kASAyika pariNAma kI vizeSatA ke dvArA hI hotI hai| isI prakAra karmabandha kI vizeSatA me zastra ko vizeSatA ke nimittabhAva kA kathana bhI kASAyika pariNAma kI tIvra-mandatA ke anusAra hI hai / 7 / adhikaraNa ke bheda adhikaraNaM jIvAjIvAH / 8 / AdyaM sNrmbhsmaarmbhaarmbhyogkRtkaaritaanumtkssaayvishessaistristristrishctushcaikshH|9| nirvartanAnikSepasaMyoganisargA dvicatudvitribhedAH param / 10 / adhikaraNa jIva aura ajIvarUpa hai| Adya arthAt jIva-adhikaraNa kramazaH saMrambha, samArambha, Arabhbha ke. rUpa me tIna prakAra kA, yogarUpa meM tIna prakAra kA, kRta kArita, anumata ke rUpa meM tIna prakAra kA aura kaSAya rUpa meM cAra prakAra kA hai| para arthAt ajIvAdhikaraNa nirvartanA, nikSepa, sayoga aura nisarga ke anukama se do, cAra, do aura tIna bhedarUpa hai| zubha-azubha sabhI kArya jIva aura ajIva se hI siddha hote hai| akelA jIva yA akelA ajIva kucha nahI kara sakatA / isalie jIva aura ajIva dono adhikaraNa hai arthAt karmabandha ke sAdhana, upakaraNa yA zastra hai / dono adhikaraNa dravyabhAva rUpa me do do prakAra ke hai| jIva vyakti yA ajIva vastu dravyAdhikaraNa hai aura jIvagata kaSAya Adi pariNAma tathA churI Adi nirjIva vastu kI tIkSNatArUpa zakti Adi bhAvAdhikaraNa hai / 8 / sasArI jIva zubha yA azubha pravRtti karate samaya eka sau ATha avasthAo me se kisI-na-kisI avasthA meM avazya rahatA hai / isalie ve avasthAeM bhAvAdhikaraNa hai, jaise krodhakRta kAyasarambha, mAnakRta kAyasaMrambha, mAyAkRta kAyasaMrambha, lobhakRta kAyasaMrambha ye cAra / isI prakAra kRta pada ke sthAna para kArita tathA anumata pada lagAne se krodhakArita kAyasaMrambha Adi cAra tathA krodha-anumata kAyasarambha Adi cAra-kula bAraha bheda hote hai / isI prakAra kAya ke sthAna para vacana aura mana pada lagAne para dono ke bAraha-bAraha bheda hote hai, jaise krodhakRta vacanasaMrambha Adi tathA krodhakRta manaHsaMrambha Adi / tInoM ke ina chattIsa bhedoM meM

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6. 8-10 ] adhikaraNa ke bheda saMrambha pada ke sthAna para samArambha aura Arambha pada lagAne se chattIsa-chattIsa bheda aura jur3a jAte hai / kula milAkara ye 108 bheda hote hai / hiMsA Adi kAryoM ke lie pramAdI jIva kA prayatna--Aveza saMrambha kahalAtA hai, usI kArya ke lie sAdhana juTAnA samArambha aura anta me kArya karanA Arambha arthAt kArya kI saMkalpAtmaka sUkSma avasthA se lekara use prakaTa rUpa meM pUrA kara dene taka tIna avasthAe~ anukrama se sarambha, samArambha aura Arambha hai / yoga ke tIna prakAro kA varNana pahale ho cukA hai / kRta arthAt svayaM karanA, kArita arthAt dUsare se karAnA aura anumata arthAt kisI ke kArya kA anumodana karanA / krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye cAro kaSAya prasiddha hai / jaba koI saMsArI jIva dAna Adi zubha kArya athavA hisA Adi azubha kArya se sambandha rakhatA hai taba vaha krodha yA mAna Adi kisI kaSAya se prerita hotA hai / kaSAyaprerita hone para bhI kabhI vaha svaya karatA hai yA dUsare se karavAtA hai athavA dUsare ke kAma kA anumodana karatA hai| isI prakAra vaha kabhI usa kAma ke lie kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika sarambha, samArambha yA Arambha se yukta avazya hotA hai / 9 / paramANu Adi mUrta vastu dravya-ajIvAdhikaraNa hai| jIva kI zubhAzubha pravRtti me upayogI mUrta dravya jisa avasthA me vartamAna hotA hai vaha bhAva-ajIvAdhikaraNa hai / yahA~ isa bhAvAdhikaraNa ke mukhya cAra bheda batalAe gaye hai| jaise nirvartanA ( racanA ), nikSepa ( rakhanA ), saMyoga ( milanA ) aura nisarga (pravartana ) / nirvartanA ke do bheda hai-malaguNanirvartanA aura uttaraguNanirvartanA / pudgala dravya ko jo audArika Adi zarIrarUpa racanA antaraGga sAdhanarUpa se jIva kI zubhAzubha pravRtti me upayogI hotI hai vaha mUlaguNanirvartanA hai tathA pudgala dravya kI jo lakaDI, patthara Adi rUpa pariNati bAhya sAdhanarUpa me jIva kI zubhAzubha pravRtti me upayogI hotI hai vaha uttaraguNa nirvartanA hai / nikSapa ke cAra bheda hai-apratyavekSitanikSepa, duSpramAjita nikSepa, sahasAnikSepa aura anAbhoganikSepa / pratyavekSaNa kiye binA arthAt acchI taraha dekhe binA hI kisI vastu ko kahI rakha denA apratyavekSitanikSepa hai| pratyavekSaNa karane para bhIThIka taraha pramArjana kiye binA hI vastu ko jaise-taise rakha denA duSpramAjita nikSepa hai| pratyavekSaNa aura pramArjana kiye binA hI sahasA arthAt jaldI se vastu ko rakha denA sahasAnikSepa hai| upayoga ke binA hI kisI vastu ko kahI rakha denA anAbhoganikSepa hai|

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tattvArtha sUtra [ 6. 11-26 sayoga ke do bheda hai --anna, jala Adi kA saMyojana karanA tathA vastra, pAtra Adi upakaraNa kA saMyojana karanA anukrama se bhaktapAna-saMyogAdhikaraNa aura upakaraNa-saMyogAdhikaraNa hai / 156 nisarga ke tIna prakAra hai- zarIra, vacana aura mana kA pravartana anukrama se - kAyanisarga, vacananisarga aura manonisarga kahalAtA hai / 10 / ATha prakAra ke sAmparAyika karmo me se pratyeka ke bhinna-bhinna bandhahetu tatpradoSanihnavamAtsaryAntarAyAsAdanopaghAtA jJAnadarzanAvaraNayoH // 1.1 // duHkhazokatApAkrandanavadhaparidevanAnyAtsaparobhayasthAnyasAsya / 13 / bhUtavratyanukampA dAnaM sarAgasaMyasAdiyogaH kSAntiH zaucamiti sadvedyasya / 13 / kevalizrutasaGghadharmadevAvarNavAdI darzanamohasya | 14 | kaSAyodayAttIvrapariNAmazcAritramohasya / 15 / bahvArambhaparigrahatvaM ca nArakasyAyuSaH / 16 / mAyA tairyagyonasya / 17 / alpArambhaparigrahatvaM svabhAvamArdavArjavaM ca mAnuSasya / 18 / niHzIlavratatvaM ca sarveSAm / 11 / sarAgasaMyama saMyamAsaMyamAkAmanirjarAbAlatapAMsi daivasya / 20 / yogavakratA visaMvAdanaM cAzubhasya nAmnaH / 21 / viparItaM zubhasya / 22 / darzana vizuddhivinayasampannatA zIlavrateSvanaticAro'bhIkSNaM jJAnopayogasaMvego zaktitastyAgatapasI saGghasAghusamAdhivaiyAvRtyakaraNa mahaMdAcAryabahuzrutapravacanabhaktirAvazyakA parihANirmArgaprabhAvanA pravacanavatsalatvamiti tIrthakRttvasya / 23 // parAtmanindAprazaMse sadasadguNAcchAdanodbhAvane ca nocairgotrasya // 24 // tadviparyayo nIcairvRttyanutseko cottarasya / 25 // vighnakaraNamantarAyasya / 26 / tatpradoSa, nihnava mAtsarya, antarAya, AsAdana tathA upaghAta ye jJAnAvaraNa va darzanAvaraNa karma ke bandhahetu ( Asrava ) hai / sva-AtmA me;para-AtmA meM yA donoM meM sthita duHkha, zoka, tApa, Akenddana; badha aura paridevana ye asAtAvedanIya karma ke bandhahetu haiM / For Private Personal Use Only

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6. 11-26 ] ATha mUla karmaprakRtiyo ke bhina-bhinna bandhahetu 157 bhUta-anukampA, vratI-anukampA, dAna, sagagasayamAdi yoga, kSAnti aura zauca ye sAtAvedanIya karma ke bandhahetu hai| kevalajJAnI, zruta, saMgha, dharma evaM deva kA avarNavAda darzanamohanIya karma ke bandhahetu hai| kaSAya ke udaya se honevAlA toba AtmapariNAma cAritramohanIya karma kA bandhahetu hai| bahu-Arambha aura bahu-parigraha narakAyu ke bandhahetu hai / mAyA tiryaMca-Ayu kA bandhahetu hai / alpa-Arambha, alpa-parigraha, svabhAva meM mRdutA aura saralatA ye manuSya-Ayu ke bandhahetu hai| zIlarahitatA' aura vratarahitatA tathA pUrvokta alpa Arambha Adi sabhI AyuoM ke bandhahetu hai| sarAMgasaMyama, saMyamAsaMyama, akAmanirjarA aura bAlatapa ye devAyu ke bandhahetu haiN| yoga kI vakratA aura visavAda azubha nAmakarma ke bandhahetu hai| viparIta arthAt yoga kI avakratA aura avisaMvAda zubha nAmakarma ke bandhahetu hai| darzanavizuddhi, vinayasampannatA, zIla aura vratoM meM atyanta apramAda, jJAna meM satata upayoga tathA satata savega, yathAzakti tyAga aura tapa, saMgha aura sAdhu kI samAdhi aura vaiyAvRttya karanA, arihaMta, AcArya, bahuzruta, 1, digambara paramparA ke anusAra isa sUtra kA artha hai--niHzIlatva aura nivra tatva / ye donoM nAraka Adi tIna Ayuo ke Asrava hai aura bhogabhUmi me utpanna manuSyo kI apekSA se niHzIlatva aura nivra tatva ye dono devAyu ke bhI Asrava hai / isa artha me devAyu ke Asrava kA samAveza hotA hai, jisakA varNana bhASya meM nahIM hai / parantu bhASya kI vRtti me vRttikAra ne vicArapUrvaka bhASya kI yaha truTi jAnakara isa bAta kI pUrti AgamAnusAra kara lene kA nirdeza kiyA hai| ____2. digambara paramparA meM devAyu ke prastuta satra meM ina AsravoM ke atirikta eka dUsarA bhI Asrava ginAyA hai aura usake lie isa satra ke bAda hI 'samyaktvaM ca' satra hai| isa paramparA ke anusAra isa satra kA artha yaha hai ki samyaktva saudharma Adi kalpavAsI devoM kI Ayu kA Asrava hai| bhASya me yaha bAta nahIM hai / phira bhI vRttikAra ne bhASyavRtti meM anya kaI Asravo ke sAtha-sAtha samyaktva ko bhI gina liyA hai /

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158 tattvArthamUtra [ 6. 11-26 tathA pravacana kI bhakti, Avazyaka kriyA ko na chor3anA, mokSamArga kI prabhAvanA aura pravacanavAtsalya ye saba tIrthakara nAmakarma ke bandhahetu haiN| paranindA, AtmaprazaMsA, sadguNo kA AcchAdana aura asadguNoM kA prakAzana ye nItra gotrakarma ke banvahetu haiN| unakA viparyaya arthAt paraprazaMsA, AtmanindA Adi tathA namravRtti aura nirabhimAnatA ye ucca gotrakarma ke bandhahetu hai| dAnAdi meM vighna DAlanA antarAyakarma kA bandhahetu hai| sUtra 11 se adhyAya ke anta taka pratyeka mUla karmaprakRti ke bandhahetuoM kA kramazaH varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se yoga aura kaSAya hI saba karmaprakRtiyo ke bandhahetu hai, phira bhI kaSAyajanya anekavidha pravRttiyoM meM se kaunakauna-sI pravRtti kisa-kisa karma ke bandha kA hetu hotI hai, yaho vibhAgapUrvaka prastuta prakaraNa me batalAyA gayA hai / jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIya karmoM ke bandhahetu-1. tatpradoSa--jJAna, jJAnI aura jJAna ke sAdhanoM ke prati dveSa karanA athavA rakhanA arthAt tattvajJAna ke nirUpaNa ke samaya mana me tattvajJAna ke prati, usake vaktA ke prati athavA usake sAdhanoM ke prati DAha rakhanA / ise jJAnapradveSa bhI kahate hai| 2. jJAna- nivakoI kisI se pUche yA jJAna ke sAdhana kI mA~ga kare taba jJAna tathA jJAna ke sAdhana pAsa meM hone para bhI kaluSita bhAva se yaha kahanA ki 'mai nahI jAnatA athavA mere pAsa vaha vastu hai hI nhii'| 3. jJAnamAtsarya---jJAna abhyasta va paripakva ho evaM dene yogya ho to bhI usake adhikArI grAhaka ke milane para use na dene kI kaluSita vRtti / 4. jJAnAntarAya--kaluSita bhAva se jJAnaprApti meM kisI ko bAdhA pahu~cAnA / 5. jJAnAsAdana--dUsarA koI jJAna de rahA ho taba vANI athavA zarIra se usakA niSedha krnaa| 6. upaghAta--kisI ne ucita hI kahA ho phira bhI apanI viparIta mati ke kAraNa ayukta bhAsita hone se ulaTe usI ke doSa nikaalnaa| pUrvokta pradoSa, nihnava Adi jaba jJAna, jJAnI yA usake sAdhana ke sAtha sambandha rakhate ho taba ve jJAnapradoSa, jJAnanihnava Adi kahalAte hai aura darzana ( sAmAnya bodha ), darzanI athavA darzana ke sAdhana ke sAtha sambandha rakhate hoM taba darzanapradoSa, darzananihnava Adi kahalAte hai / prazna-AsAdana aura upaghAta me kyA antara hai ? uttara-jJAna ke hone para bhI usakI vinaya na karanA, dUsare ke sAmane use

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6. 11-26 ] ATha mUla karmaprakRtiyo ke bhinna-bhinna bandhahetu 159 prakAzita na karanA, usake guNoM ko na darasAnA AsAdana hai aura jJAna ko hI ajJAna mAnakara use naSTa karane kA vicAra rakhanA upaghAta hai / 11 / asAtAvedanIya karma ke bandhahetu - 1. du.kha -- bAhya yA Antarika nimitta se pIDA honA / 2. zoka -- kisI hitaiSI kA sambandha TUTane se cintA aura kheda honA / 3. tApa -- apamAna se mana ke kaluSita hone se tIvra saMtApa honA / 4. Akrandana-- gadgada svara se A~sU girAne ke sAtha ronA pITanA / 5 vadha-kisI ke prANa lenA / 6. paridevana - - viyukta vyakti ke guNoM ke smaraNa se hone vAlA karuNAjanaka rudana / ukta duHkha Adi cha. aura aise hI tAr3ana tarjana Adi aneka nimitta apane karane para utpanna karanevAle ke asAtAvedanIya meM, dUsare me yA donoM meM paidA karma ke bandhahetu banate hai / prazna - yadi duHkha Adi pUrvokta nimitta apane meM yA dUsare meM utpanna karane se asAtAvedanIya karma ke bandhahetu hote hai to phira loca, upavAsa, vrata tathA isa taraha ke dUsare niyama bhI duHkhada hone se asAtAvedanIya ke bandhahetu hone cAhie / yadi aisI bAta ho to una vrata Adi niyamoM kA anuSThAna karane kI apekSA unakA tyAga karanA hI kyA ucita nahI hogA ? uttara--ukta duHkha Adi nimitta jaba krodha Adi Aveza se utpanna hote haiM tabhI Asrava ( bandha ) ke hetu banate hai, na ki kevala sAmAnya rUpa me duHkhada hone se / sacce tyAgI yA tapasvI ko kaThora vrata niyamo kA pAlana karane para bhI asAtAvedanIya karma kA bandha nahI hotA / isake do kAraNa hai / pahalA to yaha ki saccA tyAgI kaThora vratoM kA pAlana karate hue krodha yA vaise hI anya kisI duSTa bhAva se nahIM balki sadvRtti aura sadbuddhi se prerita hokara hI cAhe jitanA duHkha uThAtA hai / vaha kaThina vratoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai, para cAhe jitane duHkhada prasaMga A jAya~ uname krodha, saMtApa Adi kaSAya kA abhAva hone se ve prasaMga usake lie bandhaka nahIM banate / dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki kaI bAra to vaise tyAgiyoM ko kaThoratama vrata tathA niyamoM kA pAlana karane me vAstavika prasannatA anubhava hotI hai aura isIlie vaise prasaMgoM meM unako duHkha yA zoka Adi kA honA sambhava ho nahI / yaha to sarvavidita hai ki eka ko jina prasaMgoM meM duHkha hotA hai, usI prasaMga me dUsare ko bhI dukha ho yaha Avazyaka nahI hai / isalie aise niyama vratoM kA pAlana mAnasika rati ( ruci ) hone se unake lie sukharUpa hI hotA hai / jaise koI dayAlu vaidya cIraphADa ke dvArA kisI ko duHkha dene kA nimitta banane para bhI karuNAvRtti se prosta hone se prApabhAgI nahI hotA vaise hI sAMsArika duHkha dUra karane For Private Personal Use Only

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tattvArtha mUtra [6.11-26 ke lie usake hI upAyoM ko prasannatApUrvaka karatA huA tyAgI bhI saddhRtti ke kAraNa pApa kA bandha nahIM krtaa| sAtAvedanIya karma ke bandhahetu-1. anukampA--prANi-mAtra ke prati anukampA hI bhUtAnukampA hai arthAt dUsare ke dukha ko apanA duHkha mAnane kA bhAva / 2. vatyanukampA-alpAMza meM pratadhArI gRhastha aura sarvAza meM vratadhArI tyAgI donoM para vizeSa anukampA rakhanA / 3. dAna-- apanI vastu dUsaroM ko namrabhAva se arpita krnaa| 4. sarAgasaMyamAdi yoga'sarAgasayama, saMyamAsaMyama, akAmanirjarA aura bAlatapa ina sabame yathocita dhyAna denA / saMsAra kI kAraNarUpa tRSNA ko dUra karane ke lie tatpara hokara saMyama svIkAra kara lene para bhI jaba mana se rAga ke saMskAra kSINa nahIM hote taba vaha sarAgasaMyama kahalAtA hai| Azika saMyama kA svIkAra saMyamAsaMyama hai / svecchApUrvaka nahI kintu parataMtratA se bhogoM kA tyAga karanA akAmanirjarA hai| bAla arthAt yathArtha jJAna se zUnya mithyAdRSTivAloM kA agnipraveza, jalapatana, gobara Adi kA bhakSaNa, anazana Adi tapa bAlatapa hai / 5. kSAnti-dharmadRSTi se krodhAdi doSo kA zamana / 6. zauca- lobhavRtti aura aise hI anya doSoM kA zamana / 13 / darzanamohanIya karma ke bandhahetu-1. kevalI kA avarNavAda--durbuddhipUrvaka kevalI ke asatya doSoM ko prakaTa karanA, jaise sarvajJatA kI saMbhAvanA ko svIkAra na karanA aura kahanA ki 'sarvajJa hokara bhI usane mokSa ke sarala upAya na batalAkara jinakA AcaraNa zakya nahI aise durgama upAya kyoM batalAe hai' ityAdi / 2. zruta kA avarNavAda-zAstra ke mithyA doSoM kA dveSabuddhi se varNana karanA, jaise kahanA ki 'yaha zAstra anapaDha logo kI prAkRta bhASA me athavA paNDitoM ko jaTila saMskRta bhASA me hone se tuccha hai, athavA isame vividha vrata, niyama tathA prAyazcitta Adi kA arthahIna evaM kaSTaprada varNana hai' / 3. saMgha kA avarNavAda-sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvikArUpa caturvidha saMgha ke mithyA doSa prakaTa karanA, jaise yaha kahanA ki 'sAdhu loga vrata-niyama Adi kA vyartha kleza uThAte hai, sAdhutva to saMbhava hI nahIM tathA usakA koI acchA pariNAma bhI nahIM nikalasA' / zrAvako ke viSaya me kahanA ki 've snAna, dAna Adi ziSTa pravRttiyA~ nahIM karate aura ma pavitratA hI mAnate hai' ityAdi / 4. dharma kA avarNavAda--ahiMsA Adi mahAn dharmoM ke mithyA doSa batalAnA yA yaha kahanA ki 'dharma pratyakSa kahA~ dIkhatA hai aura jo pratyakSa nahIM dIkhatA usakA astitva kaise saMbhava hai tathA yaha kahanA ki 'ahisA se manuSya jAti athavA rASTra kA patana huA hai' ityAdi / 5. devoM kA aparNavAda-devoM kI nindA karanA, jaise yaha kahanA ki 'deva to hai hI nahIM, aura hoM to bhI vyartha hai, kyoMki

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6. 11-26 ] ATha mUla karma-prakRtiyo ke bhinna-bhinna bandhahetu 161 ve zaktizAlI hokara bhI yahA~ Akara hama logo kI madada kyo nahI karate tathA sambandhiyoM kA dukha dUra kyo nahI karate' ityAdi / 14 / cAritramohanIra karma ke bandhahetu-1. svayaM kapAya karanA, dUsaroM me bhI kaSAya jagAnA tathA kaSAya ke vazavartI hokara aneka tuccha pravRttiyA~ karanA ye saba kaSAyamohanIya karma ke bandha ke kAraNa hai| 2. satya-dharma kA upahAsa karanA, garIba yA dIna manuSya kI ha~so ur3AnA Adi hAsya-vRttiyA~ hAsya-mohanIya karma ke bandha ke kAraNa hai / 3 vividha krIDAo me rata rahanA, vrata-niyama Adi yogya aMkuza meM aruci rakhanA Adi ratimohanIya karma ke bandha ke kAraNa hai / 4. dUsaroM ko vyAkula karanA, kisI kI zAti me vighna DAlanA, noca logoM kI saMgati karanA Adi aratimohanIya karma ke bandha ke kAraNa hai| 5 svayaM zokAtura rahanA tathA dUsaroM kI zoka-bRtti ko uttejita karanA Adi zAkamohanIya karma ke bandha ke kAraNa hai| 6. svayaM DaranA aura dUsaro ko DarAnA bhayamohanIya karma ke bandha ke kAraNa hai / 7. hitakara kriyA aura hitakara AcaraNa se ghRNA karanA Adi jugupsAmohanIya karma ke bandha ke kAraNa hai / 8-10. strI-jAti ke yogya, puruSa-jAti ke yogya tathA napusaka-jAti ke yogya saMskAro kA abhyAsa karanA kramazaH strI, puruSa aura napu saka veda ke bandha ke kAraNa hai / 15 / naraka prAyu karma ke bandhahetu-1 Arambha-prANiyo ko dukha pahu~ce aisI kaSAyapUrvaka pravRtti / 2 parigraha--yaha vastu merI hai aura maiM isakA svAmI hU~ aisA saMkalpa / Arambha aura parigraha-vRtti bahuta tIvra honA tathA hisA Adi krUra kAmoM me satata pravRtti honA, dUsare ke dhana kA apaharaNa karanA athavA bhogo meM atyanta Asakti rahanA narakAyu ke bandha ke kAraNa hai / 16 / tiryaJca-pAyu karma ke bandhahetu-mAyA arthAt chalaprapaJca karanA athavA kuTila bhAva rakhanA / jaise dharmatattva ke upadeza me dharma ke nAma se mithyA bAto ko milAkara unakA svArtha-buddhi se pracAra karanA tathA jIvana ko zola se dUra rakhanA Adi saba bhAyA hai / yahI tithaMca Ayu ke bandha kA kAraNa hai / 17 / manuSya-mAyu karma ke bandhahetu-Arambha-vRtti tathA parigraha-vRtti kama rakhanA, svabhAvata. arthAt binA kahe june mRdutA aura saralatA kA honA manuSya Ayu ke bandha ke kAraNa hai / 18 / ukta tInoM prAyukarmo ke sAmAnya bandhahetu-naraka, tiryaca aura manuSya ina tInoM AyuoM ke jo bhinna-bhinna bandhahetu kahe gae hai unake atirikta tIno 11

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162 tattvArthamUtra [ 6 11-26 * AyuoM ke sAmAnya bandhuhetu bhI hai / prastuta sUtra me unhI kA kathana hai / ve bandhahetu ye hai . ni. zIlatva-zIla se rahita honA aura nirvratatva - vrato se rahita honA / 1. vrata --- ahiMsA, satya Adi pA~ca mukhya niyama / 2. zIla - vratoM kI puSTi ke lie anya upavatoM kA pAlana, jaise tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvrata / ukta vrato ke pAlanArtha krodha, lobha Adi ke tyAga ko bhI zIla kahate hai / vrata kA na honA nivratatva evaM zIla kA na honA ni.zIlatva hai / 19 / 2. devA karma ke bandhahetu - 1. hiMsA, asatya, corI Adi mahAn doSoM se viratirUpa saMyama aMgIkAra kara lene ke bAda bhI kaSAyoM ke kucha aMza kA zeSa rahanA sarAgasaMyama hai / hiMsAvirati Adi vratoM kA alpAza meM dhAraNa karanA saMyamAsaMyama hai / 3. parAdhInatA ke kAraNa yA anusaraNa ke lie ahitakara pravRtti athavA AhAra Adi kA tyAga akAma nirjarA hai / 4. bAlabhAva se arthAt binA viveka ke agnipraveza, jalapraveza, parvata-prapAta, viSabhakSaNa, anazana Adi dehadamana kI kriyAe~ karanA bAlatapa hai / 20 / azubha eva zubha nAmakarma ke bandhahetu - 1. yogavakratA - mana, vacana aura kAya kI kuTilatA / kuTilatA kA artha hai socanA kucha bolanA kucha aura karanA kucha / 2. visaMvAdana - anyathA pravRtti karAnA athavA do snehiyoM ke bIca bheda paidA karanA / ye dono azubha nAma karma ke bandha ke kAraNa hai / prazna -- ina dono me kyA antara hai ? uttara-- 'sva' aura 'para' kI apekSA se antara hai / apane hI viSaya me mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti bhinna paDe taba yogavakratA aura yadi dUsare ke viSaya me aisA ho to vaha visaMvAdana hai / jaise koI rAste se jA rahA ho to use 'aise nahI, para aise' isa prakAra ulaTA samajhAkara kumArga kI ora pravRtta karanA / isase viparIta arthAt mana, vacana, kAya kI saralatA ( pravRtti kI ekarUpatA ) tathA saMvAdana arthAt do vyaktiyoM ke bheda ko miTAkara ekatA karA denA athavA galata rAste para jAnevAle ko sahI rAste lagA denA dono zubha nAma-karma ke bandha ke kAraNa hai / 21-22 / tIrthaMkara nAmakarma ke bandhahetu -- 1. darzana vizuddhi - vItarAgakathita tattvoM me nirmala aura dRr3ha ruci / 2. vinayasampannatA -- jJAnAdi mokSamArga aura usake sAdhanoM ke prati samucita AdarabhAva / 3. zIlavratAnativAra - ahiMsA, satyAdi mUla vrata tathA unake pAlana me upayogI abhigraha Adi dUsare niyama yA zIla ke pAlana me pramAda na karanA / 4. abhIkSNajJAnopayoga - tattvaviSayaka jJAna meM sadA jAgarita rahanA / For Private Personal Use Only

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6. 11-26 ] ATha mUla karma - prakRtiyoM ke bhinna-bhinna bandhahetu 163 5. abhokSNa-saMvega -- sAsArika bhogoM se jo vAstava me sukha ke sthAna para duHkha ke hI sAdhana banate haiM, Darate rahanA arthAt kabhI bhI lAlaca me na par3anA / 6. yathAzakti tyAga -- apanI alpatama zakti ko bhI binA chipAe AhAradAna, abhayadAna, jJAnadAna Adi vivekapUrvaka karate rahanA / 7 yathAzakti tapa - zakti chipAe binA vivekapUrvaka hara taraha kI sahanazIlatA kA abhyAsa / 8. saMghasAdhusamAdhikaraNacaturvidha saMgha aura vizeSakara sAdhuo ko samAdhi pahu~cAnA arthAt aisA karanA jisase ki ve svastha rahe / 9. vaiyAvRttyakaraNa -- koI bhI guNI yadi kaThinAI meM paDa jAya to usa samaya yogya DhaMga se usakI kaThinAI dUra karane kA prayatna karanA / 10-13. catuHbhakti- arihaMta, AcArya, bahuzruta aura zAstra ina cAroM meM zuddha niSThApUrvaka anurAga rakhanA / 14. AvazyakA parihANi - sAmAyika Adi SaDAvazyako ke anuSThAna ko bhAva se na choDanA / 15. mokSamArgaprabhAvanA -- abhimAna tajakara jJAnAdi mokSamArga ko jIvana meM utAranA tathA dUsaroM ko usakA upadeza dekara prabhAva bar3hAnA | 16. pravacanavAtsalya -- jaise gAya bachaDe para sneha rakhatI hai vaise hI sAdharmiyoM para niSkAma sneha rakhanA / 23 / nIca gotrakarma ke bandhahetu --- 1. paranindA -- dUsaroM kI nindA karanA / nindA kA artha hai sacce yA jhUThe doSoM ko durbuddhipUrvaka prakaTa karane kI vRtti / 2. AtmaprazaMsA -- apanI baDAI karanA arthAt apane sacce yA jhUThe guNo ko prakaTa karane kI vRtti | 3. AcchAdana -- - dUsare ke guNoM ko chipAnA aura prasaMga Ane para bhI dveSa se unhe na kahanA / 4. udbhAvana -- apane me guNa na hone para bhI unakA pradarzana karanA arthAt nija ke asadguNoM kA udbhAvana / 24 / ucca gotrakarma ke bandhahetu -- 1. AtmanindA -- apane doSo kA avalokana / 2. paraprazaMsA -- dUsaro ke guNoM kI sarAhanA / 3. asadguNodbhAvana -- apane durguNoM ko prakaTa karanA / 4. svaguNAcchAdana -- apane vidyamAna guNoM ko chipAnA / 5. namravRtti -- pUjya vyaktiyoM ke prati vinamratA / 6. anutseka -- jJAna, sampatti Adi me dUsare se adhikatA hone para bhI usake kAraNa garva na karanA / 25 / antarAya karma ke bandhahetu -- kisI ko dAna dene me yA kisI ko kucha lene me athavA kisI ke bhoga evaM upabhoga Adi me bAdhA DAlanA athavA mana meM vaisI vRtti paidA karanA vighnakaraNa hai / 26 / sAmparAyika karmoM ke prasava ke viSaya meM vizeSa vaktavya --sUtra 11 se 26 taka sAmparAyika karma kI pratyeka mUla prakRti ke bhinna-bhinna Asrava yA bandhahetu upalakSaNa mAtra hai / arthAt pratyeka mUlaprakRti ke ginAe gae AsravoM ke atirikta anya bhI vaise hI una prakRtiyoM ke Asrava na kahane para bhI samajhe jA For Private Personal Use Only

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164 tattvArtha sUtra [6.11-26 sakate hai / jaise ki Alasya, pramAda, mithyopadeza Adi jJAnAvaraNIya athavA darzanAvaraNIya ke Asrava ke rUpa me nahI ginAe gae hai, phira bhI ve unake Asrava hai| isI taraha vadha, bandhana, tADana Adi tathA azubha prayoga Adi asAtAvedanIya ke AsravoM me nahI ginAe gaye hai, phira bhI ve usake Asrava hai / prazna-pratyeka mUlaprakRti ke Asrava bhinna-bhinna darzAe gaye hai| isase yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki kyA jJAnapradoSa Adi Asrava kevala jJAnAvaraNIya Adi karma ke hI bandhaka hai athavA inake atirikta anya karmoM ke bhI bandhaka hai ? eka karmaprakRti ke Asrava yadi anya prakRti ke bhI bandhaka ho sakate hai to prakRtivibhAga se AsravoM kA alaga-alaga varNana karanA hI vyartha hai kyoMki eka prakRti ke Asrava dUsarI prakRti ke bhI to Asrava hai| aura yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki kisI eka prakRti ke Asrava kevala usI prakRti ke Asrava hai, dUsarI ke nahIM to zAstra-niyama meM virodha AtA hai| zAstra kA niyama yaha hai ki sAmAnya rUpa se Ayu ko chor3akara zeSa sAto prakRtiyoM kA bandha eka sAtha hotA hai / isa niyama ke anusAra jaba jJAnAvaraNIya kA bandha hotA hai taba anya vedanIya Adi chahoM karmaprakRtiyoM kA bhI bandha hotA hai / Asrava to eka samaya me eka-eka karmaprakRti kA hI hotA hai, kintu bandha to eka samaya me eka prakRti ke atirikta dUsarI avirodhI prakRtiyo kA bhI hotA hai / arthAt amuka Asrava amuka prakRti kA ho bandhaka hai, yaha mata zAstrIya niyama se bAdhita ho jAtA hai| ata. prakRtivibhAga se Asravo ke vibhAga karane kA prayojana kyA hai ? uttara-yahA~ Asravo kA vibhAga anubhAga arthAt rasabandha kI apekSA se batalAyA gayA hai / abhiprAya yaha hai ki kisI bhI eka karmaprakRti ke Asrava ke sevana ke samaya usa karmaprakRti ke atirikta anya karma-prakRtiyo kA bhI bandha hotA hai, yaha zAstrIya niyama kevala pradeza-bandha ke viSaya me hI ghaTita karanA cAhie, na ki anubhAga-bandha ke viSaya me / sArAza yaha hai ki Asravo kA vibhAga pradezabandha kI apekSA se nahI, anubhAgabandha kI apekSA se hai / ataH eka sAtha aneka karmaprakRtiyoM kA pradezabandha mAna lene ke kAraNa pUrvokta zAstrIya niyama meM kaThinAI nahI AtI tathA prakRtivibhAga se ullikhita Asrava bhI kevala una-una prakRtiyo ke anubhAgabandha me hI nimitta banate hai / isalie yahA~ Asravo kA jo vibhAga nirdiSTa hai vaha bhI bAdhita nahI hotA / isa vyavasthA se pUrvokta zAstrIya-niyama aura prastuta Asravo kA vibhAga donoM abAdhita bane rahate hai / phira bhI itanI bAta vizeSa hai ki anubhAgabandha ko Azrita karake Asrava ke vibhAga kA samarthana bhI mukhya bhAva kI apekSA se hI

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6. 11-26 ] ATha mUla karma - prakRtiyoM ke bhinna-bhinna bandhahetu 165 kiyA gayA hai / arthAt jJAnapradoSa Adi AsravoM ke sevana ke samaya jJAnAvaraNIya ke anubhAga kA bandha mukhya rUpa se hotA hai aura usI samaya ba~dhanevAlI anya karma - prakRtiyoM ke anubhAga kA bandha gauNa rUpa se hotA hai / yaha to mAnA hI nahI jA sakatA ki eka samaya me eka prakRti ke hI anubhAga kA bandha hotA hai aura anya karmaprakRtiyoM ke anubhAga kA bandha hotA hI nahI / kyoki jisa samaya jitanI karmaprakRtiyoM kA pradezabandha yoga dvArA sambhava hai usI samaya kaSAya dvArA utanI hI prakRtiyoM kA anubhAgabandha bhI sambhava hai / isalie mukhya rUpa se anubhAgabandha kI apekSA ko choDakara Asrava ke vibhAga kA samarthana anya prakAra se dhyAna me nahI AtA / 26 / For Private Personal Use Only

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vrata sAtA-vedanIya ke AsravoM meM vratI para anukampA aura dAna ye dono ginAe gae hai / prasaGgavaza unhI ke vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa ke lie jaina paramparA me mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhanevAle vrata aura dAna kA vizeSa nirUpaNa isa adhyAya me kiyA jA rahA hai| vrata kA svarUpa hiMsA'nRtasteyA'brahmaparigrahebhyo virativratam / 1 / hiMsA, asatya, corI, maithuna aura parigraha se ( mana, vacana, kAya dvArA ) nivRtta honA vrata hai| hiMsA, asatya Adi doSoM ke svarUpa kA varNana Age kiyA gayA hai| doSo ko samajhakara unake tyAga kI pratijJA karane ke bAda puna. unakA sevana na karane ko vrata kahate hai| ____ ahisA anya vrato kI apekSA pradhAna hai ataH usakA sthAna prathama hai| kheta kI rakSA ke lie jaise bAr3a hotI hai vaise hI anya sabhI vrata ahiMsA kI rakSA ke lie hai / isIlie ahisA kI pradhAnatA mAnI gaI hai| - vrata ke do pahalU hai-nivRtti aura pravRtti / ina dono ke hone se hI vrata pUrNa hotA hai| satkArya meM pravRtta hone kA artha hai asatkAryA se pahale nivRtta ho jAnA / yaha apane Apa prApta hotA hai / isI prakAra asatkAryo se nivRtta hone kA artha hai satkAryo meM mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti karanA / yaha bhI svata. prApta hai| yadyapi yahA~ spaSTa rUpa se doSanivRtti ko hI vrata kahA gayA hai tathApi usame satpravRtti kA aMza A hI jAtA hai| isalie vrata kevala niSkriyatA nahI hai| prazna-'rAtribhojanaviramaNa' nAmaka vrata prasiddha hai| sUtra me usakA nirdeza kyo nahI kiyA gayA ?

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7. 1 ] vata kA svarUpa 167 uttara - dIrghakAla se rAtribhojanaviramaNa nAmaka vrata prasiddha hai, para vAstava me vaha mUla vrata nahIM haiM, apitu mUla vrata se niSpanna eka prakAra kA Avazyaka vrata hai / aise avAMtara vrata kaI hai aura unako kalpanA bhI kara sakate hai / kintu yahA~ to mUla vrata kA nirUpaNa iSTa hai / mUla vrata se niSpanna honevAle avAntara vrata to usake vyApaka nirUpaNa meM A hI jAte hai / rAtribhojanaviramaNavrata ahiMsAvrata me se niSpanna honevAle aneka vratoM meM se eka hai / prazna - andhere me dikhAI na denevAle jantu nAza ke kAraNa aura dIpaka jalAne se honevAle aneka prakAra ke Arambha ko dRSTi meM rakhakara hI rAtribhojanaviramaNa ko ahiMsAvrata kA aMga mAnA jAtA hai, para jahA~ andherA bhI na ho aura dIpaka se honevAle Arambha kA prasaMga bhI nahI AtA vaise zItapradhAna deza meM tathA jahA~ bijalI kA prakAza sulabha ho vahA~ rAtribhojana aura divA bhojana meM hisA kI dRSTi se kyA antara hai 2 uttara - uSNapradhAna deza tathA purAne DhaMga ke dIpaka Adi kI vyavasthA me sApha dIkhanevAlI hisA kI dRSTi se hI rAtribhojana ko divAbhojana kI apekSA adhika hisAyukta kahA gayA hai / yaha bAta svIkAra kara lene para aura sAtha hI kisI vizeSa paristhiti meM dina kI apekSA rAtri meM vizeSa hisA kA prasaga na bhI AtA ho, isa kalpanA ko samucita sthAna dene para bhI sAdhAraNa samudAya kI dRSTi se aura vizeSakara tyAgI jIvana kI dRSTi se rAtribhojana kI apekSA divAbhojana hI vizeSa prazasanIya hai isa mAnyatA ke sakSepa meM nimna kAraNa hai . 1. bijalI yA candramA Adi kA prakAza bhale hI acchA lagatA ho, lekina vaha sUrya ke prakAza jaisA sArvatrika, akhaNDa tathA Arogyaprada nahI hotA / isalie jahA~ donoM sambhava hoM vahA~ samudAya ke lie Arogya kI dRSTi se sUrya prakAza hI adhika upayogI hotA hai / 2. tyAgadharma kA mUla santoSa hai, isa dRSTi se bhI dina kI anya sabhI pravRttiyoM ke sAtha bhojana pravRtti ko bhI samApta kara lenA tathA saMtopapUrvaka rAtri ke samaya jaThara ko vizrAma denA ho ucita hai / isase ThIka-ThIka nidrA AtI hai aura brahmacaryapAlana meM sahAyatA milatI hai / phalasvarUpa Arogya kI vRddhi bhI hotI hai / 3. divAbhojana aura rAtribhojana dono me se satoSa ke vicAra se yadi eka kA hI cunAva karanA ho taba bhI jAgrata aura kuzalabuddhi kA jhukAva divAbhojana kI ora hI hogA / Aja taka ke mahAn saMto kA jIvana - itihAsa yahI bAta kahatA hai / 1 / For Private Personal Use Only

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168 tattvArthasUtra [ 7. 2-3 vrata ke bheda deshsrvto'nnumhtii|2| alpa aMza meM virati aNuvrata aura sarvAza meM virati mahAvata hai| pratyeka tyAgAbhilApI vyakti doSo se nivRtta hotA hai| kintu sabakA tyAga samAna nahIM hotA aura yaha vikAsa-krama kI dRSTi se svAbhAvika bho hai / isalie yahA~ himA Adi doSoM kI thoDI yA bahuta sabhI nivRttiyo ko brata mAnakara unake saMkSepa me do bheda kie gae hai--mahAbrata aura aNuvrata / 1. hisA Adi doSo se mana, vacana, kAya dvArA saba prakAra se chUTa jAnA, yaha hisAviramaNa hI mahAvata hai / 2. cAhe jitanA ho, lekina kisI bhI aMza me kama chUTanA -aisA hisAviramaNa aNuvrata hai| _ vrato kI bhAvanAe~ tatsthairyArtha bhAvanAH paJca paJca / 3 / una ( vratoM ) ko sthira karane ke lie pratyeka vrata kI pA~ca-pAMca bhAvanAeM haiN| atyanta sAvadhAnIpUrvaka vizeSa-vizeSa prakAra kI anukUla pravRttiyoM kA sevana na kiyA jAya to svIkAra karane mAtra se hI vrata AtmA me nahI utara jaate| grahaNa kie hue vrata jIvana me gahare utare, isIlie pratyeka vrata ke anukUla thoDI-bahuta pravRttiyA~ sthUla dRSTi se vizeSa rUpa me ginAI gaI hai, jo bhAvanA ke nAma se prasiddha hai / yadi ina bhAvanAoM ke anusAra ThIka-ThIka bartAva kiyA jAya to aMgIkRta vrata prayatnazIla ke lie uttama auSadhi ke samAna sundara pariNAmakAraka siddha hote hai / ve bhAvanAe~ kramazaH isa prakAra hai : 1. IryAsamiti, manogupti, eSaNAsamiti, AdAnanikSepaNasamiti aura AlokitapAnabhojana-ye ahisAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ hai / 2 anuvIcibhASaNa, krodhapratyAkhyAna, lobhapratyAkhyAna, nirbhayatA aura hAsyapratyAkhyAna--ye satyavrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAeM haiN| 3. anuvIciavagrahayAcana, abhIkSNaavagrahayAcana, avagrahAvadhAraNa, sArmika se avagrahayAcana aura anujJApitapAnabhojana-ye acauryavrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ hai / 4. strI, pazu athavA napusaka dvArA sevita zayana Adi kA varjana, rAgapUrvaka strIkathA kA varjana, striyoM ke manohara aMgoM ke avalokana kA varjana, pahale ke

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vratoM kI bhAvanAe~ 169 rativilAsa ke smaraNa kA varjana aura praNItarasa-bhojana kA varjana-ye brahmacarya vrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ hai / 5. manojJa yA amanojJa sparza, rasa, gandha, rUpa tathA zabda para samabhAva rakhanA-ye aparigraha vrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAeM haiN| __ bhAvanAoM kA spaSTIkaraNa---1 sva-para ko klega na ho, isa prakAra yatnapUrvaka gamana karanA IryAsamiti hai / mana ko azubha dhyAna me bacAkara zubha dhyAna me lagAnA manogupti hai / vastu kA gaveSaNa, usakA grahaNa yA upaya ga ina tIna eSaNAoM me doSa na lagane dene kA dhyAna rakhanA eSaNAsamiti hai| vastu ko letechoDate samaya avalokana va pramArjana Adi dvArA uThAnA rakhanA AdAna-nikSepaNasamiti hai / khAne-pIne kI vastu ko bhalIbhA~ti dekha-bhAlakara lenA aura bAda me bhI dekha-bhAlakara khAnA-pInA AlokitapAnabhojana hai| 2 vicArapUrvaka bolanA anuvIcibhASaNa hai / krodha, lobha, bhaya tathA hAsya kA tyAga karanA ye cAra bhAvanAe~ aura hai / 3 samyaka vicAra karake hI upayoga ke lie Avazyaka avagraha-sthAna kI yAcanA karanA anuvIciavagrahayAcana hai / rAjA, kuTumbapati, zayyAtara--jisakI bhI jagaha mA~gakara lI gaI ho, aise sAdharmika Adi aneka prakAra ke svAmI ho sakate hai / uname se jisa-jisa svAmI se jo-jo sthAna mA~gane me vizeSa aucitya pratIta ho unase vahI sthAna mAMganA tathA eka bAra dene ke bAda mAlika ne vApisa le liyA ho, phira bhI roga Adi ke kAraNa vizeSa Avazyaka hone para usake svAmI se isa prakAra bAra-bAra lenA ki usako kleza na hone pAve--yaha abhIkSNaavagrahayAcana hai / mAlika se maoNgate samaya hI avagraha kA parimANa nizcita kara lenA avagrahAvadhAraNa hai / apane se pahale dUsare kisI samAnadharmI ne koI sthAna le liyA ho aura usI sthAna ko upayoga me lAne kA prasaMga A jAya to usa sArmika se hI sthAna mA~..nA sArmikaavagrahayAcana hai| vidhipUrvaka annapAnAdi lAne ke bAda guru ko dikhAkara unakI anujJApUrvaka hI upayoga karanA anujJApitapAnabhojana hai / 4. brahmacArI puruSa yA strI kA apane se vijAtIya vyakti dvArA sevita zayana va Asana kA tyAga karanA strIpa-nuSaNDakasevitazayanAsana-varjana hai / brahmacArI kA kAmavardhaka bAte na karanA rAgasayukta strIkathA-varjana hai / brahmacArI kA apane vijAtIya vyakti ke kAmoddIpaka aMgoM ko na dekhanA manoharendriyAvalokana-varjana hai / brahmacarya svIkAra karane se pahale ke bhogo kA smaraNa na karanA pUrvarativilAsasmaraNa-varjana hai| kAmoddIpaka rasayukta khAnapAna kA tyAga karanA praNItarasabhojana-varjana hai|

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170 tattvArthasUtra [7. 4-7 5. rAga utpanna karanevAle sparza, rasa, gandha, rUpa aura zabda para na lalacAnA aura dveSotpAdaka ho to ruSTa na honA ye kramazaH manojJAmanojJasparzasamabhAva evaM manojJAmanojJarasasamabhAva Adi pAMca bhAvanAe~ hai| jainadharma tyAgalakSI hai, ata. jaina-saMgha meM mahAvratadhArI sAdhu kA sthAna hI prathama hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki yahA~ mahAvrata ko lakSya me rakhakara sAdhudharma ke anusAra hI bhAvanAo kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / phira bhI itanA to hai hI ki koI bhI vratadhArI apanI bhUmikA ke anusAra iname sakocavistAra kara sake isalie deza-kAla kI paristhiti aura Antarika yogyatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vrata kI sthiratA ke zuddha uddezya se ye bhAvanAe~ saMkhyA tathA artha me ghaTAI-bar3hAI tathA pallavita kI jA sakatI hai| kaI anya bhAvanAe~ hiMsAdiSvihAmutra cApAyAvadyadarzanam / 4 / duHkhameva vA / 5 / maitrIpramodakAruNyamAdhyasthyAni sattvaguNAdhikaklizyamAnAvineyeSu / / jagatkAyasvabhAvau ca saMvegavairAgyArtham / 7 / / hiMsA Adi pA~ca doSo meM aihika Apatti aura pAralaukika aniSTa kA darzana krnaa| athavA hiMsA Adi doSoM me duHkha hI hai, aisI bhAvanA krnaa| prANimAtra ke prati maitrI-vRtti, guNijanoM ke prati pramoda-vRtti, duHkhI janoM ke prati karuNA-vRtti aura ayogya pAtroM ke prati mAdhyasthyavRtti rkhnaa| savega tathA vairAgya ke lie jagat ke svabhAva aura zarIra ke svarUpa kA cintana krnaa| jisakA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai usake doSo kA yathArtha darzana hone se hI tyAga TikatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ahisA Adi vrato kI sthiratA ke lie hiMsA Adi me unake doSo kA darzana karanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| yaha doSadarzana yahA~ do prakAra se batAyA gayA hai| hiMsA, asatya Adi ke sevana se jo aihika ApattiyA~ svayaM ko athavA dUsaroM ko anubhava karanI paDatI hai unakA bhAna sadA tAjA rakhanA hI aihika doSadarzana hai / inhIM hiMsA Adi doSoM se'

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7. 4-7 ] kaI anya bhAvanAe~ 171 pAralaukika aniSTa kI jo sambhAvanA hotI hai usakA dhyAna rakhanA pAralaukika doSadarzana hai / ina donoM prakAra ke doSadarzana ke saMskAroM ko baDhAte rahanA ahiMsA Adi vratoM kI bhAvanAeM hai / pahale kI hI bhA~ti tyAjya vRttiyoM meM dukha ke darzana kA abhyAsa kiyA ho tabhI unakA tyAga bhalIbhA~ti Tika sakatA hai| isake lie hisA Adi doSoM ko duHkharUpa mAnane kI vRtti ke abhyAsa ( du.kha - bhAvanA ) kA yahA~ upadeza diyA gayA hai / ahiMsAdi vratoM kA dhAraka hisA Adi se apane ko honevAle duHkha ke samAna dUsaroM ko honevAle kha kI kalpanA kare, yahI duHkha-bhAvanA hai / yaha bhAvanA ina vratoM ke sthirIkaraNa me bhI upayogI hai | maitrI, pramoda Adi cAra bhAvanAe~ to kisI sadguNa ke abhyAsa ke lie adhika-se-adhika upayogI hone se ahiMsA Adi vrato ko sthiratA meM vizeSa upayogI haiM / isI vicAra se yahA~ para ina cAra bhAvanAo kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / ina cAra bhAvanAoM kA viSaya amuka aMza me to alaga-alaga hI hai, kyoMki usa-usa viSaya me ina bhAvanAo kA abhyAsa kiyA jAya tabhI vAstavika pariNAma AtA hai / isIlie ina bhAvanAoM ke sAtha inakA viSaya bhI alaga-alaga darzAyA gayA hai / prANI ke prati ahiMsaka , 1. prANimAtra ke sAtha maitrIvRtti ho tabhI pratyeka tathA satyavAdI ke rUpa me bartAva kiyA jA sakatA hai ataH maitrI kA viSaya prANimAtra hai | maitrI kA atha hai dUsare me apanepana kI buddhi aura isIlie apane samAna hI dUsare ko duHkhI na karane kI vRtti athavA bhAvanA ! 2. kaI bAra manuSya ko apane se Age baDhe hue vyakti ko dekhakara IrSyA hotI hai / jaba taka isa vRtti kA nAza nahI ho jAtA taba taka ahiMsA, satya Adi vrata Tikate hI nahI / isIlie IrSyA ke viparIta pramoda guNa kI bhAvanA ke lie kahA gayA hai / pramoda arthAt apane se adhika guNavAn ke prati Adara rakhanA tathA usake utkarSa ko dekhakara prasanna honA / isa bhAvanA kA viSaya adhika guNavAn hI hai, kyoMki usake prati hI IrSyA yA asUyA Adi durvRttiyA~ sambhava hai / 3 kisI ko pIDita dekhakara bhI yadi ahiMsA Adi vrata kabhI nibha nahI sakate, mAnI gaI hai / isa bhAvanA kA viSaya kevala kyoki duHkhI, dIna va anAtha ko hI anugraha tathA madada kI apekSA rahatI hai / 4. sarvadA aura sarvatra mAtra pravRttiparaka bhAvanAe~ hI sAdhaka nahI hotIM, kaI bAra ahiMsA Adi vratoM ko sthira karane ke lie taTastha bhAva dhAraNa karanA bar3A anukampA kA bhAva paidA na ho to isalie karuNA kI kleza se pIDita bhAvanA Avazyaka duHkhI prANI hai, For Private Personal Use Only

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172 tattvArthasUtra [7. 8 upayogI hotA hai / isI kAraNa yahA~ mAdhyasthya-bhAvanA kA upadeza kiyA gayA hai / mAdhyasthya kA artha hai upekSA yA tttsthtaa| jaba nitAta saMskArahIna athavA kisI taraha kI bhI sadvastu grahaNa karane ke ayogya pAtra mila jAya aura yadi use sudhArane ke sabhI prayatnoM kA pariNAma antata zUnya hI dikhAI de to aise vyakti ke prati taTastha bhAva rakhanA hI ucita hai / ata. mAdhyasthyabhAvanA kA viSaya avineya yA ayogya pAtra hI hai| ___ saMvega tathA vairAgya na hoM to ahisA Adi vrato kA pAlana sambhava hI nahI hai| ataH isa vrata ke abhyAsI meM saMvega aura vairAgya kA honA pahale Avazyaka hai| savega athavA vairAgya kA bIjavapana jagatsvabhAva eva zarIrasvabhAva ke cintana se hotA hai, isIlie ina dono ke svabhAva ke cintana kA bhAvanArUpa me yahA~ upadeza kiyA gayA hai| prANimAtra ko thoDe-bahuta du.kha kA anubhava to nirantara hotA hI rahatA hai| jIvana sarvathA vinazvara hai, anya vastue~ bhI TikatI nahI / isa jagatsvabhAva ke cintana se hI saMsAra kA moha dUra hotA hai aura usase bhaya yA savega utpanna hotA hai| isI prakAra zarIra ke asthira, azuci aura asAratA ke svabhAvacintana se bAhyAbhyantara viSayo ke prati anAsakti yA vairAgya utpanna hotA hai / 4-7 / hisA kA svarUpa pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiNsaa| 8 / pramattayoga se honevAlA prANavadha hiMsA hai| ahisA Adi jina pA~ca vratoM kA nirUpaNa pahale kiyA gayA hai unako bhalI-bhAMti samajhane aura jIvana meM utArane ke lie virodhI doSoM kA yathArtha svarUpa jAnanA Avazyaka hai / ataH yahA~ ina pA~ca doSo ke nirUpaNa kA prakaraNa prArambha hotA hai / isa sUtra me prathama doSa hisA kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| hisA kI vyAkhyA do azoM dvArA pUrI kI gaI hai| pahalA aza hai pramattayoga arthAt rAgadveSayukta athavA asAvadhAna pravRti aura dUsarA hai prANavadha / pahalA aza kAraNa-rUpa hai aura dUsarA kArya-rUpa / isakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki jo prANavadha pramattayoga se ho vaha hisA hai / prazna-kisI ke prANa lenA yA kisI ko duHkha denA hiMsA hai| hisA kA yaha artha sabake jAnane yogya hai aura bahuta prasiddha bhI hai| phira bhI isa artha meM 'pramattayoga' aMza jor3ane kA kAraNa kyA hai ?

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7. 8 ] himA kA svarUpa 173 uttara--jaba taka mAnava-samAja ke vicAra aura vyavahAra me ucca saMskAra kA praveza nahI hotA taba taka mAnava-samAja tathA anya prANiyoM ke bIca jIvanavyavahAra me vizeSa antara nahI paDatA / pazu-pakSI kI bhA~ti asaMskRta samAja ke manuSya mI mAnasika vRttiyo se prerita hokara jAne-anajAne jIvana kI AvazyakatAoM ke lie athavA binA AvazyakatAoM ke hI dUsare jIvoM ke prANa lete hai / mAnava-samAja kI hiMsA-maya isa prAthamika dazA me jaba ekAdha manuSya ke vicAra me hiMsA ke svarUpa ke bAre me jAgRti hotI hai taba vaha pracalita hisA ko doSarUpa kahatA hai aura dUsare ke prANa na lene kI preraNA karatA hai| eka ora hiMsA jaisI prathA ke purAne saMskAra aura dUsarI ora ahiMsA kI navIna bhAvanA kA udaya. ina dono ke bIca saMgharSa hote samaya hisakavRtti kI ora se hiMsA-niSedhaka ke samakSa aneka prazna apane-Apa khaDe hone lagate hai aura ve usake sAmane rakhe jAte hai / saMkSepa me ve prazna tIna hai 1. ahiMsA ke samarthaka bhI jIvana-dhAraNa to karate hI hai aura yaha jIvana kisI-na-kisI prakAra kI hisA kiye binA nibhane yogya na hone se unase jo hisA hotI hai use doSa kahA jAya yA nahI ? 2. bhUla aura ajJAna kA jaba taka mAnavIya vRtti meM sarvathA abhAva siddha na ho jAya taba taka ahiMsA ke samarthakoM ke hAtho anajAne yA bhUla se kisI kA prANanAza honA to sambhava hI hai, ataH aisA prANa nAza hiMsA doSa me AyegA yA nahI ? 3. kaI bAra ahisaka vRtti kA manuSya kisI ko bacAne yA usako sukha-suvidhA pahu~cAne kA prayatna karatA hai, parantu pariNAma ulaTA ho AtA hai, arthAt jisako bacAnA thA usI ke prANa cale jAte hai| yaha prANanAza hiMsA-doSa me AyegA yA nahI ? aise prazna upasthita hone para unake samAdhAna me hisA aura ahisA ke svarUpa kA vicAra gambhIra ho jAtA hai| phalata hisA aura ahisA kA artha vizAla ho jAtA hai| kisI ke prANa lenA yA bahuta huA to usake nimitta kisI ko du.kha denA yaha jo himA kA artha samajhA jAtA thA tathA kisI ke prANa na lenA aura usake nimitta kisI ko du kha la denA yaha jo ahiMsA kA artha samajhA jAtA thA usake sthAna para ahisA ke vicArako ne sUkSmatApUrvaka vicAra karake nizcaya kiyA ki kevala kisI ke prANa lene yA kisI ko duHkha dene me hiMsA-doSa hai hI, yaha nahI kaha sakate, kyoki prANavadha yA duHkha dene ke sAtha hI usake pIche vaisA karanevAle kI bhAvanA kA vicAra karake hI hiMsA kI sadoSatA yA nirdoSatA kA

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174 tattvArthasUtra [7.8 nirNaya kiyA jA sakatA hai / vaha bhAvanA arthAt rAga-dveSa kI vividha miyA~ tathA asAvadhAnatA, jisako zAstrIya paribhASA me pramAda kahate hai, aisI azubha athavA kSudra bhAvanA se ho yadi prANanAza huA ho yA du.kha diyA gayA ho to vaha hiMsA hai aura vahI dopa-rUpa bhI hai| aisI bhAvanA ke binA yadi prANanAza huA ho yA duHkha diyA gayA ho to vaha dekhane me bhale ho hisA ho lekina doSakoTi meM nahI aatii| isa prakAra hisaka samAja me ahisA ke saskAroM ke phailane aura unake kAraNa vicAra kA vikAsa hone se doSarUpa hisA kI vyAkhyA ke lie kevala 'prANanAza' artha hI paryApta naho huA, isIlie usame 'pramattayoga' jaisA mahattva pUrNa aMza baDhAyA gayA / prazna -- hiMsA kI isa vyAkhyA se yaha prazna uThatA hai ki pramattayoga ke binA hI yadi prANavadha ho jAya to use hiMsA kahege yA nahI ? isI prakAra prANa vadha to na huA ho lekina pramattayoga ho taba bhI use hisA mAneMge yA nahIM ? yadi ina donoM sthaloM meM hiMsA mAnI jAya to vaha hiMsA pramattayogajanita prANavadharUpa hisA-koTi kI hI hogI yA usase bhinna prakAra kI ? uttara-kevala prANa vadha sthUla hone se dRzya-hisA to hai hI, jaba ki pramattayoga sUkSma hone se adRzya hai| ina donoM me dRzyatva-adRzyatva ke antara ke atirikta dhyAna dene yogya eka mahattvapUrNa antara dUsarA bhI hai aura usI para hisA kI sadoSatA yA nirdoSatA nirbhara karatI hai| prANanAza dekhane meM bhale hI hiMsA ho phira bhI vaha sarvathA doSarUpa nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha doSarUpatA svAdhIna nahI hai / hisA kI sadoSatA hisaka kI bhAvanA para avalambita hotI hai, ataH vaha parAdhIna hai / bhAvanA svayaM burI ho tabhI prANavadha doSarUpa hogA, bhAvanA burI na ho to vaha prANavadha bhI doSarUpa nahIM hogaa| isIlie zAstrIya paribhASA me aisI hisA ko dravya-hisA athavA vyAvahArika hiMsA kahA gayA hai / drayahiMsA athavA vyAvahArika hisA kA artha yahI hai ki usakI doSarUpatA abAdhita nahIM hai / isake viparIta pramattayogarUpa jo sUkSma bhAvanA hai vaha svayaM hI sadoSa hai, jisase usakI sadoSatA svAdhIna hai arthAt vaha sthUla prANanAza yA kisI anya bAhya vastu para avalambita nahI hai / sthUla prANanAza karane yA duHkha dene kA prayatna hone para ulaTA dUsare kA jIvana baDha gayA ho yA usako sukha hI pahuMca gayA ho, phira bhI yadi usake pIche bhAvanA azubha rahI ho to vaha saba ekAnta doSa-rUpa hI samajhA jaaygaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki aisI azubha bhAvanA ko zAstrIya paribhASA meM bhAvahiMsA athavA nizcaya-hiMsA kahA gayA hai / isakA artha yahI hai ki usakI doSarUpatA svAdhIna hone se tInoM kAloM meM abAdhita rahatI hai| kevala pramattayoga yA kevala prAmAtra

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7. 8 ] hiMsA kA svarUpa ina donoM ko svatantra ( alaga-alaga ) hiMsA mAna lene aura donoM kI doSarUpatA kA pUrvokta rIti se tAratamya jAna lene ke bAda isa prazna kA uttara spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ye donoM prakAra kI hiMsAe~ pramattayoga-janita prANavadha jaisI hisA kI koTi kI hI hai yA bhinna prakAra kI / yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhale hI sthUla A~kha na dekha sake lekina tAttvika rUpa se to pramattayoga hI pramattayogajanita prANanAza kI koTi kI hiMsA hai aura kevala prANanAza aisI hiMsA nahI hai jo ukta koTi me A sake / prazna-yadi pramattayoga hI hiMsA kI sadoSatA kA mUla bIja hai taba to hisA kI vyAkhyA itanI hI paryApta hogI ki 'pramattayoga hisA hai|' yadi aisA ho to yaha prazna svAbhAvika hI uThatA hai ki phira hiMsA kI vyAkhyA me 'prANanAza' ko sthAna dene kA kyA kAraNa hai ? uttara-tAttvika rUpa me to pramattayoga hI hisA hai lekina samudAya dvArA sampUrNatayA aura bahuta aMzoM me usakA tyAga karanA sambhava nhii| isake viparIta sthUla hone para bhI prANavadha kA tyAga sAmudAyika jIvanahita ke lie vAMchanIya hai aura yaha bahuta aMzoM me sambhava bhI hai| pramattayoga na bhI chUTA ho lekina sthUla prANavadhavRtti ke kama ho jAne se bhI prAyaH sAmudAyika jIvana meM sukha-zAnti rahatI hai| ahiMsA ke vikAsa-krama ke anusAra bhI samudAya me pahale sthUla prANanAza kA tyAga aura bAda meM dhIre-dhIre pramattayoga kA tyAga sambhava hotA hai| isIlie AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM sahAyaka rUpa meM pramattayogarUpa hiMsA kA hI tyAga iSTa hone para bhI sAmudAyika jIvana kI dRSTi se hiMsA ke svarUpa ke antargata sthUla prANanAza ko sthAna diyA gayA hai tathA usake tyAga ko bhI ahisA kI koTi meM rakhA gayA hai| prazna-yaha to sahI hai ki zAstrakAra ne jise hiMsA kahA hai usase nivRtta honA hI ahiMsA hai| para aise ahisAvratI ke lie jIvana-nirmANa kI dRSTi se kyA-kyA kartavya anivArya hai ? uttara-1. jIvana ko sAdA banAnA aura AvazyakatAo ko kama karanA / 2. mAnavIya vRtti me ajJAna kI cAhe jitanI guMjAiza ho lekina puruSArtha ke anusAra jJAna kA bhI sthAna hai hii| isalie pratikSaNa sAvadhAna rahanA aura kahI bhUla na ho jAya, isakA dhyAna rakhanA aura yadi bhUla ho jAya to vaha dhyAna se ojhala na ho sake, aisI dRSTi banAnA / 3. AvazyakatAoM ko kama karane aura sAmAna rahane kA lakSya rakhane para

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tattvArthasUtra bhI citta ke mUla doSa, jaise sthUla jovana kI tRSNA aura usake kAraNa paidA honevAle dUsare rAgadveSAdi doSoM ko kama karane kA satata prayatna karanA / prazna-Upara himA kI jo doSarUpatA batalAI gaI hai usakA kyA artha hai ? uttara-jimame citta kI komalatA kama ho aura kaThoratA baDhe tathA sthUla jIvana kI tRSNA bar3e vahI himA kI sadoSatA hai| jisase kaThoratA na baDhe eva sahaja premamaya vRtti va atarmukha jIvana me tanika bhI bAdhA na pahu~ce, taba bhale hI dekhane me hisA ho, lekina vahI hisA kI adoSatA hai / asatya kA svarUpa asadabhidhAnamanRtam / 9 / / asat bolanA anRta ( asatya ) hai / sUtra me asat-kathana ko asatya kahA gayA hai, phira bhI usakA bhAva vyApaka hone se usame asat-cintana, asat-bhASaNa aura asat-AcaraNa ina sabakA samAveza hai| ye sabhI asatya hai| jaise ahisA kI vyAkhyA me 'pramattayoga' vizeSaNa lagA hai vaise hI amatya tathA adattAdAnAdi doSoM kI vyAkhyA meM bhI yaha vizeSaNa joDa lenA caahie| isalie pramattayogapUrvaka jo asat-kathana hai vaha asatya hai, yaha asatya-doSa kA phalita artha hai / / 'asat' zabda ke mukhyataH do artha yahA~ abhipreta hai : 1. jo vastu astitva me ho usakA sarvathA niSedha karanA athavA niSedha na karane para bhI jisa rUpa meM vastu ho usako usa rUpa me na kahakara usakA anyathA kathana karanA arat hai / 2 gahita asat arthAt jo satya hone para bhI dUsare ko pIDA pahuMcAtA ho aisA durbhAvayukta kathana amat hai / pahale artha ke anusAra pAma me pU~jI hone para bhI jaba lenadAra ( sAhUkAra ) mA~ga kare taba kaha denA ki kucha bhI nahIM hai, yaha asatya hai| isI prakAra pAsa meM pUjI hai, yaha svIkAra kara lene para bhI lenadAra saphala na ho sake isa prakAra kA vaktavya denA bhI asatya hai / 1. abrahma meM 'pramattayoga' vizeSaNa nahI lagatA, kyoki yaha doSa apramatta dazA me sambhava hI nahIM hai| isIlie to brahmacarya ko nirapavAda kahA gayA hai| vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa ke lie dekhe-'jaina dRSThie brahmacarya' nAmaka gujarAtI nibandha /

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7. 10-11] corI va abrahma kA svarUpa 177 dUsare artha ke anusAra kisI bhI anapaDha yA mUDha ko nIcA dikhAne ke lie athavA aise DhaMga se ki use dukha pahu~ce, satya hone para bhI 'anapaDha' yA 'mUr3ha' kahanA asatya hai| asatya ke ukta artha se satyavratadhArI ke lie nimna artha phalita hote hai : 1. pramattayoga kA tyAga karanA / 2. mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti meM ekarUpatA rakhanA / 3. satya hone para bhI durbhAva se na to apriya mocanA, na bolanA aura na krnaa|9| corI kA svarUpa adattAdAnaM steyam / 10 / binA diye lenA steya ( corI ) hai| jisa vastu para kisI dUsare kA svAmitva ho, bhale hI vaha vastu tRNavat yA mUlyarahita ho, usake svAmI kI AjJA ke binA caurya-buddhi se grahaNa karanA steya hai| isa vyAkhyA se acauryavratadhArI ke lie nimna artha phalita hote hai : 1. kisI bhI vastu ke prati lAlacI vRtti dUra krnaa| 2. jaba taka lalacAne kI Adata na chUTe taba taka lAlaca kI vastu nyAyapUrvaka apane Apa hI prApta karanA aura dUsare kI aisI vastu AjJA ke binA lene kA vicAra taka na karanA / 10 / abrahma kA svarUpa maithunmbrhm|11| maithuna-pravRtti abrahma hai| maithuna arthAt mithuna kI pravRtti / 'mithuna' zabda sAmAnya rUpa se strI aura puruSa ke 'joDe' ke artha me prasiddha hai| phira bhI isake artha ko kucha vistRta karanA Avazyaka hai / joDA strI-puruSa kA, puruSa-puruSa kA yA strI-strI kA bhI ho sakatA hai| vaha sajAtIya--manuSya Adi eka jAti kA athavA vijAtIya-manuSya, pazu Adi bhinna-bhinna jAtiyoM kA bhI ho sakatA hai| aise joDe kI kAma-rAga ke Aveza se utpanna mAnasika, vAcika athavA kAyika koI bhI pravRtti maithuna arthAta abrahma hai| 12

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tattvArtha sUtra [ 7. 12 prazna - jahA~ jor3A na ho kintu strI yA puruSa me se koI eka hI vyakti kAmarAga ke Aveza meM jar3a vastu ke Alambana se athavA dvArA mithyA AcAra kA sevana kare to aisI ceSTA ko kyA maithuna kaha sakate hai ? apane hasta Adi avayavoM uparyukta vyAkhyA ke anusAra 178 uttara----hIM, avazya kaha sakate hai / kyoMki maithuna kA mUla bhAvArtha to kAmarAgajanita ceSTA hI haiM / yaha artha to kisI eka vyakti kI vaisI duzceSTAoM para bhI lAgU ho sakatA hai, ataH usame bhI maithuna kA doSa hai hI / prazna - maithuna ko abrahma kahane kA kyA kAraNa hai ? uttara--jo brahma na ho vaha abrahma hai / brahma kA artha hai ---- jisake pAlana aura anusaraNa se sadguNo kI vRddhi ho / jisa ora jAne se sadguNoM kI vRddhi na ho, balki doSoM kA hI poSaNa ho vaha abrahma hai / maithuna pravRtti aisI hai ki usame par3ate hI sAre doSoM kA poSaNa aura sadguNoM kA hrAsa prArambha ho jAtA hai / isIlie maithuna ko abrahma kahA gayA hai / 11 / parigraha kA svarUpa mUrcchA parigrahaH / 12 // mUrcchA hI parigraha hai / mUrcchA arthAt Asakti / vastu choTI-bar3I, jar3a-cetana, bAhya yA Antarika cAhe jo ho yA na bhI ho to bhI usame ba~dha jAnA arthAt usakI lagana meM vivekazUnya ho jAnA parigraha hai / prazna- - hiMsA se parigraha taka ke pA~ca doSoM kA svarUpa Upara-Upara se bhinna pratIta hotA hai, para sUkSmatApUrvaka vicAra karane para usameM koI vizeSa bheda nahIM 1 vastutaH ina pAMcoM doSoM kI sadoSatA kA AdhAra rAga, dveSa aura moha hI hai aura yahI hisA Adi vRttiyoM kA jahara hai / isI se ve vRttiyA~ doSarUpa hai / yadi yaha bAta satya hai taba 'rAga-dveSa Adi hI doSa hai' itanA kahanA hI kAphI hogA / phira doSa ke hiMsA Adi pA~ca yA nyUnAdhika bhedoM kA varNana kyoM kiyA jAtA hai ? uttara -- niHsandeha koI bhI pravRtti rAga-dveSa Adi ke kAraNa hI hotI hai / ataH mukhya rUpa se rAga-dveSa Adi hI doSa hai aura ina doSoM se virata honA hI mukhya vrata hai / phira bhI rAga-dveSAdi tathA aisI pravRttiyoM ke tyAga kA upadeza tabhI kiyA jA sakatA hai jaba ki tajjanya pravRttiyoM ke viSaya meM samajhA diyA gayA ho / sthUla dRSTivAle logoM ke lie dUsarA krama arthAt sIdhe rAga-dveSAdi ke tyAga kA upadeza sambhava nahI hai / rAgadveSajanya asaMkhya pravRttiyoM meM se hiMsA, asatya Adi For Private Personal Use Only

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7. 13 ] yathArtha vratI kI prAthamika yogyatA 179 mukhya hai aura ve pravRttiyA~ hI mukhya rUpa se AdhyAtmika yA laukika jIvana ko kureda DAlatI hai / isIlie hisA Adi pravRttiyoM ko pAMca bhAgoM meM bA~Takara pAMca doSoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / doSoM ko isa saMkhyA meM samaya-samaya para aura deza-bheda se parivartana hotA rahA hai aura hotA rahegA, phira bhI saMkhyA aura sthUla nAma ke moha meM na par3akara itanA jAna lenA paryApta hai ki ina pravRttiyoM ke rAga, dveSa va moha Adi doSoM kA tyAga karane kI hI bAta mukhya hai / ataH hiMsA Adi pA~ca doSoM meM kauna-sA doSa pradhAna hai, kisakA pahale yA bAda me tyAga karanA cAhie yaha prazna hI nahIM rhtaa| hisAdoSa kI vyApaka vyAkhyA meM asatya Adi sabhI doSa A jAte haiM / isI prakAra asatya yA corI Adi kisI bhI doSa kI vyApaka vyAkhyA meM zeSa saba doSa A jAte hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ahisA ko mukhya dharma mAnanevAle hiMsAdoSa meM asatyAdi saba doSoM ko samAhita kara lete hai aura kevala hiMsA ke tyAga me hI anya sabhI doSoM kA tyAga bhI samajhate hai| satya ko paramadharma mAnanevAle asatya meM zeSa saba doSoM ko ghaTita kara kevala asatya ke tyAga meM hI saba doSoM kA tyAga samajhate hai| isI prakAra saMtoSa, brahmacarya Adi ko mukhya dharma mAnanevAle bhI samajhate hai / 12 / yathArtha vratI kI prAthamika yogyatA niHzalyo vrtii| 13 / zalyarahita hI prattI hotA hai| ahisA, satya Adi vratoM ke grahaNa karane mAtra se koI saccA vratI nahIM bana jAtA / saccA vratI banane ke lie choTI-se-choTI aura sabase pahalI zarta eka hI hai ki 'zalya' kA tyAga kiyA jAya / saMkSepa meM zalya tIna hai : 1. dambha-kapaTa, DhoMga athavA ThagavRtti, 2. nidAna-bhogo ko lAlasA, 3. mithyAdarzana-satya para zraddhA na rakhanA athavA asatya kA Agraha / ye tInoM doSa mAnasika hai| ye mana aura tana donoM ko kureda DAlate hai aura AtmA bhI kabhI svastha nahI raha paatii| zalyayukta AtmA kisI kAraNa se vrata grahaNa kara bhI le, kiMtu vaha unake pAlana meM ekAgra nahIM ho pAtI / jaise kisI aMga me kA~TA yA tIkSNa vastu cubha jAya to vaha zarIra aura mana ko vyAkula banA DAlatI hai aura AtmA ko bhI kArya meM ekAgra nahI hone detI, vaise hI ye mAnasika doSa bhI usI prakAra kI vyagratA paidA karate hai| isIlie vratI banane ke lie unakA tyAga prathama zarta ke rUpa meM Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai / 13 /

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180 tattvArthasUtra [7.14-17 vratI ke bheda agAryanagArazca / 14 / vratI ke agArI ( gRhastha ) aura anagAra ( tyAgI ) ye do bheda haiN| pratyeka vratadhArI kI yogyatA samAna nahIM hotii| isIlie yahA~ yogyatA ke tAratamya ke anusAra saMkSepa meM vratI ke do bheda kie gae hai-1. agArI aura 2. anagAra / agAra arthAt ghara / jisakA ghara ke sAtha sambandha ho vaha agArI sarthAt gRhastha / jisakA ghara ke sAtha sambandha na ho vaha anagAra arthAt tyAgI, muni / agArI aura anagAra ina donoM zabdoM kA sarala artha ghara me rahanA yA na rahanA hI hai / lekina yahA~ inakA yaha tAtparya apekSita hai ki viSayatRSNA se yukta agArI hai tathA viSayatRSNA se mukta anagAra / isakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki koI ghara meM rahatA huA bhI viSayatRSNA se mukta ho to anagAra hI hai tathA koI ghara chor3akara jaMgala me jA base lekina viSayatRSNA se mukta nahI hai to vaha agArI hI hai / agArIpana aura anagArapana kI eka yahI saccI evaM pramukha kasauTI hai tathA usake AdhAra para hI yahA~ vratI ke do bheda varNita hai| prazna-yadi koI viSayatRSNA hone ke kAraNa agArI hai to phira use vratI kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? uttara--sthUla dRSTi se kahA jA sakatA hai / jaise koI vyakti apane ghara Adi kisI niyata sthAna meM hI rahatA hai aura phira bhI amuka zahara me rahatA haiaisA vyavahAra apekSAvizeSa se karate hai, vaise hI viSayatRSNA ke rahane para bhI alpAMza me vrata kA sambandha hone se use vratI kahA jA sakatA hai / 14 / agArI vratI annuvrto'gaarii| 15 / digdeshaanrthdnnddvirtisaamaayikpaussdhopvaasopbhogpribhogprimaannaa'tithisNvibhaagvtsmpnnshc|16| mAraNAntikoM saMlekhanAM joSitA / 17 / aNuvratadhArI agArI vratI kahalAtA hai / vaha vratI digvirati, dezavirati anarthadaNDavirati, sAmAyika, pauSadhopavAsa, upabhogaparibhogaparimANa aura atithisaMvibhAga-ina vratoM se bhI sampanna hotA hai| vaha mAraNAntika saMlekhanA kA bhI ArAdhaka hotA hai /

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7. 15-17 ] agArI vratI 181 jo ahiMsA Adi vratoM ko sampUrNa rUpa se svIkAra karane meM samartha nahI hai, phira bhI tyAgavRttiyukta hai, vaha gArhasthika maryAdA me rahakara apanI tyAgavRtti ke anusAra ina vratoM ko alpAza me svIkAra karatA hai / aisA gRhastha 'aNuvratadhArI zrAvaka' kahA jAtA hai / sampUrNarUpa se svIkAra kiye jAnevAle vrata mahAvrata kahalAte hai / unake svIkaraNa kI pratijJA me sampUrNatA ke kAraNa tAratamya nahIM rakhA jAtA / jaba vratoM ko alpAza meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, taba alpatA kI vividhatA ke kAraNa pratijJA bhI aneka prakAra se alaga-alaga lI jAtI hai / phira bhI eka-eka aNuvrata kI vividhatA meM na jAkara sUtrakAra ne sAmAnyataH gRhastha ke ahiMsA Adi vratoM kA eka-eka aNuvrata ke rUpa me varNana kiyA hai / ye aNuvrata pA~ca hai, jo bhUlabhUta hai arthAt tyAga ke prathama stambha hone se mUlaguNa yA mUlavrata kahalAte hai / inakI rakSA, puSTi athavA zuddhi ke nimitta gRhastha anya bhI aneka vrata svIkAra karatA hai, jo uttaraguNa' yA uttaravrata ke nAma se prasiddha hai / aise uttaravrata saMkSepa meM sAta hai tathA gRhastha vratI jIvana ke antima samaya meM jisa eka vrata ko lene ke lie prerita hotA hai, use saMlekhanA kahA jAtA hai / yahA~ usakA bhI nirdeza hai / ina sabhI vratoM kA svarUpa yahA~ saMkSepa me batalAyA jA rahA hai / pA~ca praraNa, vrata-2. choTe-bar3e pratyeka jIva kI mAnasika, vAcika, kAyika hiMsA kA pUrNatayA tyAga sambhava na hone ke kAraNa apanI nizcita kI huI gRhasthamaryAdA. jitanI alpa- hisA se nibha sake usase adhika hiMsA kA tyAga karanA 1. sAmAnyataH bha0 mahAvIra kI samagra paramparA me aNavratoM kI paoNca saMkhyA, unake nAma tathA krama me koI antara nahI hai| haoN, digambara paramparA meM kucha AcAryoM ne rAtribhojana ke tyAga ko chaThe aNuvrata ke rUpa meM ginA hai / parantu uttaraguNa ke rUpa meM mAne hue zrAvaka ke vratoM ke viSaya meM prAcIna va navIna aneka paramparAe~ haiM / tattvArthasUtra meM digviramaNa ke bAda upabhogaparibhogaparimANavrata ke sthAna para dezaviramaNavrata ko rakhA gayA hai, jaba ki AgamoM meM digviramaNa ke bAda upabhogaparibhogaparimANavrata hai tathA dezaviramaNavrata ko sAmAyikavrata ke bAda ginA hai / aise krama-bheda ke bAvajUda jo tIna vrata guNavrata ke rUpa meM aura cAra vrata zikSAvrata ke rUpa me mAne jAte haiM uname koI antara nahIM hai / uttaraguNoM ke viSaya me digambara sampradAya me chaH vibhinna paramparAe~ dekhane me AtI hai I kundakunda, umAsvAti, samantabhadra, svAmI kArtikeya, jinasena aura vasunandI ina AcAryoM kI bhinna-bhinna mAnyatAe~ hai / isa matabheda meM kahIM nAma kA, kahIM krama kA, kahI saMkhyA kA aura kahI arthavikAsa kA antara hai / yaha saba spaSTarUpa se jAnane ke lie dekheM-paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra ko jainAcAryoM kA zAsana-bheda nAmaka pustaka, pR0 21 se Age / For Private Personal Use Only

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982 tattvArdhasUtra [7. 15-17 ahiMsANuvrata hai| isI prakAra asatya, corI, kAmAcAra aura parigraha kA apanI paristhiti ke anusAra maryAdita rupa meM tyAga karanA-2. satya, 3. asteya, 4. brahmacarya aura 5. aparigraha aNuvrata hai| tIna guNavata-6. apanI tyAgavRtti ke anusAra pUrva va pazcima Adi sabhI dizAoM kA parimANa nizcita karake usa sImA ke bAhara saba prakAra ke adharma-kAryo se nivRtta honA digvirativrata hai / 7. sarvadA ke lie dizA kA parimANa nizcita kara lene ke bAda bhI usameM se prayojana ke anusAra samaya-samaya para kSetra kA parimANa nizcita karake usake bAhara adharma-kArya se sarvathA nivRtta honA dezavirativrata hai / 8. apane bhogarUpa prayojana ke lie honevAle adharma-vyApAra ke atirikta zeSa sampUrNa adharma-vyApAra se nivRtta honA arthAt koI nirarthaka pravRtti na karanA anarthadaNDavirativrata hai| cAra zikSAprata-9. kAla kA abhigraha lekara arthAt amuka samaya taka adharmapravRtti kA tyAga karake dharmapravRtti meM sthira hone kA abhyAsa karanA sAmAyika vrata hai / 10. aSTamI, caturdazI, pUrNimA yA kisI dUsarI tithi me upavAsa karake aura saba prakAra kI zarIra-vibhUSA kA tyAga karake dharma-jAgaraNa meM tatpara rahanA pauSadhopavAsavrata hai / 11. adhika adharma kI saMbhAvanAvAle khAna-pAna, AbhUSaNa, vastra, bartana Adi kA tyAga karake alpa adharmavAlI vastuo kI bhI bhoga ke lie maryAdA bA~dhamA upabhogaparibhogaparimANavata hai| 12. nyAya se upArjita aura khapanevAlI khAna-pAna Adi ke yogya vastuoM kA zuddha bhaktibhAvapUrvaka supAtra ko isa prakAra dAna denA ki usase ubhaya pakSa kA hita ho-atithisaMvibhAgavata hai / saMlekhanA-kaSAyoM ko naSTa karane ke lie unake nirvAhaka aura poSaka kAraNoM ko kama karate hue kaSAyoM ko manda karanA saMlekhanAvata hai| yaha vrata vartamAna zarIra kA anta hone taka ke lie liyA jAtA hai / isako mAraNAntika saMlekhanA kahate hai| gRhastha bhI zraddhApUrvaka salekhanAvrata svIkAra karake usakA sampUrNatayA pAlana karate hai, isIlie unhe isa vrata kA ArAdhaka kahA gayA hai| prazna--saMlekhanAvata dhAraNa karanevAlA manuSya anazana Adi dvArA zarIra kA anta karatA hai| yaha to AtmahatyA hai aura yaha svahiMsA hI hai| phira isako vrata mAnakara tyAgadharma me sthAna denA kahA~ taka ucita hai ? uttara-yaha bhale hI duHkha yA prANanAza dikhAI de, para itane mAtra se yaha vrata hiMsA kI koTi meM nahIM aataa| vAstavika hisA kA svarUpa to rAga, dveSa evaM moha kI vRtti se hI banatA hai| saMlekhanAvata me prANanAza hai, para vaha rAga, dveSa evaM moha ke na hone se hiMsA kI koTi me nahI AtA, apitu nirmo

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7. 18] samyagdarzana ke aticAra 183 hatva aura vItarAmatva sAdhane kI bhAvanA meM se hI yaha vrata utpanna hotA hai aura isa bhAvanA kI siddhi ke prayatna ke kAraNa hI yaha vrata pUrNa banatA hai / isalie yaha hiMsA nahI hai, apitu zubhadhyAna athavA zuddhadhyAna kI koTi kA hone se isako tyAgadharma meM sthAna prApta hai| prazna-janetara panthoM meM prANanAza karane kI aura dharma mAnane kI kamalapUjA, bhairavajapa, jalasamAdhi Adi aneka prathAe~ pracalita thI evaM hai; uname aura salekhanA meM kyA antara hai ? utara-prANanAza kI sthUla dRSTi se bhale hI ye samAna dikhAI deM, kintu bheda to unameM nihita bhAvanA me hI hotA hai / kamalapUjA Adi ke pIche koI bhautika Azama yA dUsarA pralobhana na ho aura kevala bhakti kA Aveza yA arpaNa kI vRtti ho, aisI sthiti me tathA Aveza yA pralobhana se rahita saMlekhanA kI sthiti meM agara koI antara kahA jA sakatA hai to vaha bhinna-bhinna tattvajJAna para avalambita bhinna-bhinna upAsanAoM meM nihita bhAvanAoM kA hI hai| jaina-upAsanA kA dhyeya usake tattvajJAna ke anusAra parArpaNa yA paraprasannatA nahIM hai, apitu yAtmazodhana mAtra hai| purAne samaya se calI AI dharmya prANanAza kI vividha prathAvoM kA usI dhyeya kI dRSTi se saMzodhita rUpa jo ki jaina saMpradAya me pracalita hai, saMsalAvata hai| isIlie saMlekhanAvata kA vidhAna viziSTa saMyogoM meM kiyA gayA hai| jaba jIvana kA anta nizcita rUpa se samIpa dikhAI de, dharma evaM Avazyaka kartavyoM kA nAza ho rahA ho tathA kisI taraha kA durdhyAna na ho usI sthiti meM yaha vrata vidheya mAnA gayA hai| 15-17 / samyagdarzana ke aticAra zaGkAkAGkSAvicikitsA'nyadRSTiprazaMsAsaMstavAH smygdRssderticaaraaH| 18 / zaGkA, kAMkSA, vicikitsA, anyadRSTiprazaMsA tathA anyadRSTisaMstava ye pA~ca samyagdarzana ke aticAra haiN| aise skhalana aticAra kahalAte hai jinase koI bhI svIkAra kiyA huA guNa malina ho jAtA hai aura dhIre-dhIre hrAsa hote-hote naSTa ho jAtA hai / samyaktva ho cAritradharma kA mUla AdhAra hai| usakI zuddhi para hI cAritrazuddhi avalambita hai| isalie jinase samyaktva kI zuddhi meM vighna pahu~cane kI

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184 tattvArthasUtra [7. 18 sambhAvanA hai aise aticAro kA yahA~ pA~ca bhAgoM me varNana kiyA gayA hai| ve isa prakAra hai: 1. zaGkAticAra--Arhat-pravacana kI dRSTi svIkAra karane ke bAda usame varNita aneka sUkSma aura atIndriya padArtho ( jo kevala kevalajJAnagamya tathA Agamagamya hoM) ke viSaya me zaGkA karanA ki 've aise hoMge yA nahI ?' saMzaya aura tatpUrvaka parIkSA kA jaina tattvajJAna me pUrNa sthAna hone para bhI yahA~ zaGkA ko aticAra kahane kA abhiprAya itanA hI hai ki tarkavAda se pare ke padArtho ko tarkadRSTi se kasane kA prayatla nahI honA caahie| kyoki sAdhaka zraddhAgamya pradeza ko buddhigamya nahI kara sakatA, jisase anta meM vaha buddhigamya pradeza ko bhI chor3a detA hai / ataH jisase sAdhanA ke vikAsa meM bAdhA AtI ho vaisI zaGkA aticAra ke rUpa me tyAjya hai| 2. kAMkSAticAra-aihika aura pAralaukika viSayoM kI abhilASA krnaa| yadi aisI kAMkSA hogI to sAdhaka guNadoSa kA vicAra kie binA hI cAhe jaba apanA siddhAnta chor3a degA, isIlie use aticAra kahA gayA hai| 3. vicikitsAticAra-jahA~ bhI matabheda yA vicArabheda kA prasaMga upasthita ho vahA~ apane-Apa koI nirNaya na karake kevala matimandatA yA asthira-buddhi ke kAraNa yaha socanA ki 'yaha bAta bhI ThIka hai aura vaha bAta bhI ThIka ho sakatI hai| buddhi kI yaha asthiratA sAdhaka ko kisI eka tattva para kabhI sthira nahIM rahane detI, isIlie ise aticAra kahA gayA hai| 4-5. mithyAdRSTiprazaMsA va mithyAdRSTisaMstava aticAra-jisakI dRSTi mithyA ho usakI prazaMsA karanA yA usase paricaya karanA / bhrAntadRSTi se yukta vyaktiyoM me bhI kaI bAra vicAra, tyAga Adi guNa milate hai / guNa aura doSa kA bheda kie binA una guNoM se AkRSTa hokara vaise vyakti kI prazaMsA karane athavA usase paricaya karane se avivekI sAdhaka ke siddhAnta se skhalita hone kA Dara rahatA hai| isIlie anyadRSTiprazaMsA aura anyadRSTisaMstava ko aticAra mAnA gayA hai| madhyasthatA aura vivekapUrvaka guNa ko guNa aura doSa ko doSa samajhanevAle sAdhaka ke lie bhI ukta prakAra ke prazaMsA aura saMstava sarvathA hAnikAraka hote hai, aisI bAta nahI hai| ukta pA~coM aticAra vratI zrAvaka aura sAdhu ke lie samAna hai, kyoMki donoM ke lie samyaktva sAdhAraNa dharma hai / 18 /

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7. 19-32 ] vrata aura zIla ke aticAra vrata va zIla ke aticAroM kI sakhyA tathA nAma-nirdeza vratazIleSu paJca paJca yathAkramam / 19 / bandhavadhacchavicchedAtibhArAropaNAnnapAnanirodhAH / 20 / mithyopadezara hasyAbhyAkhyAnakUTalekha kriyAnyAsApahArasAkAra mantrabhedAH / 21 / stenaprayogatadAhRtAdAnaviruddha rAjyAtikramahInAdhikamAnonmAnapratirUpakavyavahArAH / 22 / paravivAha karaNetvaraparigRhItA'parigRhItAgamanAnaGgakrIDAtIvrakAmAbhinivezAH / 23 / kSetravAstu hiraNyasuvarNadhanadhAnyadAsIdAsa kupyapramANAtikramAH / 24 / UrdhvAdhastiryagvyatikramakSetra vRddhismRtyantardhAnAni / 25 / Anayana preSyaprayogazabdarUpAnupAtapudgalakSepAH / 26 / kandarpautkucyamaukharyAsamIkSyAdhikaraNopa bhogAdhikatvAni / 27 / yogaduSpraNidhAnAnAdarasmRtyanupasthApanAni / 28 / apratyavekSitApramArjitotsargAdAnanikSepa saMstA ropakramaNAnAdarasmRtya - nupasthApanAni / 29 // sacittasambaddhasaMmizrAbhiSavaduSpakvAhArAH / 30 / sacittanikSepapidhAnaparavyapadezamAtsaryakAlAtikramAH / 31 / jIvitamaraNAzaMsAmitrAnurAgasukhAnubandhanidAna karaNAni / 32 / vratoM aura zIloM ke pA~ca-pA~ca aticAra haiM / ve kramaza: isa prakAra haiM : bandha, vadha, chaviccheda, atibhAra kA lAdanA aura anna-pAna kA nirodha ye pA~ca aticAra prathama ahisA aNuvrata ke hai / mithyopadeza, rahasyAbhyAkhyAna, kUTalekhakriyA, nyAsApahAra aura sAkAra-mantrabheda ye pA~ca aticAra dUsare satya aNuvrata ke hai / stenaprayoga, stenAhRtAdAna, virodhI rAjya kA atikrama, hInAdhika mAnonmAna aura pratirUpaka vyavahAra ye paoNca aticAra tIsare acaurya aNuvrata ke haiM / 185 paravivAhakaraNa, itvaraparigRhItAgamana, aparigRhItAgamana, anaGgakrIr3A aura tIvrakAmAbhiniveza ye pA~ca aticAra cauthe brahmacarya aNuvrata ke haiM / For Private Personal Use Only

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186 tattvArthasUtra [7. 19-32 kSetra aura vAstu, hiraNya aura suvarNa,dhana aura dhAnya, dAsI aura dAsa evaM kupya ke pramANa kA atikrama ye pAMca aticAra pA~caveM parigrahaparimANa aNuvrata ke haiN| Urdhvavyatikrama, adhovyatikrama, tiryagvyatikrama, kSetravRddhi aura smRtyantardhAna ye pA~ca aticAra chaThe digvirati vrata ke haiN| Anayanaprayoga, preSyaprayoga, zabdAnupAta, rUpAnupAta, pudgalakSepa ye pA~ca aticAra sAtaveM dezavirati vrata ke hai| ____ kandarpa, kautkucya, maukharya, asamIkSya-adhikaraNa aura upabhoga kA Adhikya ye pA~ca aticAra AThaveM anarthadaNDaviramaNa vrata ke haiM / ___ kAyaduSpraNidhAna, vacanaduSpraNidhAna, manoduSpraNidhAna, anAdara aura smRti kA anupasthApana ye pA~ca aticAra sAmAyika vrata ke haiM / apratyavekSita aura apramArjita meM utsarga, apratyavekSita aura apramAjita meM AdAna-nikSepa, apratyavekSita aura apramAjita sastAra kA upakrama, anAdara aura smRti kA anupasthApana ye pAMca aticAra poSadha vrata ke haiN| sacitta AhAra, sacittasambaddha AhAra, sacittasaMmizna AhAra, abhiSava AhAra aura duSpakva AhAra ye pAMca aticAra bhogophbhoga vrata ke haiN| sacittanikSepa, sacittapidhAna, paravyapadeza, mAtsarya aura kAlAtikrama ye pAMca aticAra atithisaMvibhAga vrata ke haiM / __ jIvitAzaMsA, maraNAzaMsA, mitrAmurAga, sukhAnubandha aura nidAnakaraNa ye pA~ca aticAra mAraNAntika saMlekhanA ke haiN| zraddhA aura jJAna-pUrvaka svIkAra kie jAnevAle niyama ko vrata kahate hai / isake anusAra zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata 'vrata' zabda me A jAte hai / phira bhI yahAM vrata aura zIla ina do zabdoM ke prayoga dvArA yaha nirdeza kiyA gayA hai ki cAritra-dharma ke mUla niyama ahiMsA-satya Adi pAMca hai, digviramaNa Adi zeSa niyama ina mUla niyamo kI puSTi ke lie hI hai| pratyeka vrata aura zIla ke pAMca-pAMca aticAra madhyamadRSTi se hI ginAe gae hai, kyoki saMkSepadRSTi se to kama bhI soce jA sakate hai evaM vistAradRSTi se pAMca se adhika bhI ho sakate hai / cAritra kA artha hai rAgadveSa Adi vikAroM kA abhAva sAdhakara samabhAva kA parizIlana karanA / cAritra ke isa mUla svarUpa ko siddha karane ke lie ahiMsA, satya Adi jo niyama vyAvahArika jIvana meM utAre jAte hai ve sabhI cAritra

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7. 19-32] vrata aura zIla ke aticAra 187 kahalAte haiN| vyAvahArika jIvana deza, kAla Adi kI paristhiti tathA mAnavabuddhi kI saMskAritA ke anusAra banatA hai, ataH ukta paristhiti aura saMskAritA ke parivartana ke sAtha hI jIvana-vyavahAra bhI badalatA rahatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki cAritra kA mUla svarUpa eka hone para bhI usake poSaka rUpa meM svIkAra kie jAnevAle niyamoM kI saMkhyA tathA svarUpa me parivartana anivArya hai / isIlie zAstroM meM zrAvaka ke vrata va niyama bhI aneka prakAra se vibhinna rUpa me milate haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI inameM parivartana hotA rhegaa| phira bhI yahA~ granthakAra ne zrAvaka-dharma ke teraha bheda mAnakara pratyeka bheda ke aticAroM kA kathana kiyA hai| ve kramazaH isa prakAra haiM : ahiMsAvrata ke praticAra-1. bandha-kisI bhI prANI ko usake iSTasthAna para jAte hue rokanA yA bA~dhanA / 2. vadha-lAThI yA cAbuka Adi se prahAra karanA / 3. chaviccheda-kAna, nAka, camaDI Adi avayavoM kA bhedana yA chedana krnaa| 4. atibhArAropaNa-manuSya yA pazu Adi para zakti se jyAdA bhAra laadnaa| 5. annapAnanirodha-kisI ke khAne-pIne me rukAvaTa ddaalnaa| utsarga mArga yaha hai ki kisI bhI prayojana ke binA vratadhArI gRhastha ina doSoM kA kadApi sevana na kare, parantu ghara-gRhasthI kA kArya A par3ane para vizeSa prayojana ke kAraNa yadi inakA sevana karanA hI par3e taba bhI komalabhAva se hI kAma lenA cAhie / 19-20 / satyavata ke pratibAra-1. mithyopadeza-sahI-galata samajhAkara kisI ko viparIta mArga meM ddaalnaa| 2. rahasyAbhyAkhyAna-rAgavaza vinoda ke lie kisI pati-patnI ko athavA anya snehI janoM ko eka-dUsare se alaga kara denA athavA kisI ke sAmane dUsare para doSAropaNa karanA / 3. kUTalekhakriyA--mohara, hastAkSara Adi dvArA jhUTho likhA-par3hI karanA tathA khoTA sikkA Adi calAnA / 4. nyAsApahAra--koI dharohara rakhakara bhUla jAya to usakA lAbha uThAkara thor3I yA pUrI dharohara davA jaanaa| 5. sAkAramaMtrabheda--kinhI kI ApasI prIti toDane ke vicAra se eka-dUsare kI cugalI karanA yA kisI kI gupta bAta prakaTa kara denA / 21 / asteyavata ke praticAra-1. stenaprayoga-kisI ko corI karane ke lie svayaM prerita karanA yA dUsare ke dvArA preraNA dilAnA athavA vaise kArya me sahamata honaa| 2 stena-AhRtAdAna--preraNA yA sammati ke binA corI karake lAI gaI cIja le lenaa| 3. viruddharAjyAtikrama--vastuoM ke AyAta-niryAta para rAjya kI ora se kucha bandhana lage hote haiM athavA kara Adi kI vyavasthA rahatI hai, rAjya ke ina niyamoM kA ullaMghana krnaa| 4. hInAdhika mAnonmAna--nyUnAdhika nApa, bATa

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188 tattvArthasUtra [7. 19-32 yA tarAjU Adi se lena-dena krnaa| 5. pratirUpakavyavahAra--asalI ke badale nakalI vastu calAnA / 22 / brahmacaryavata' ke aticAra-1. paravivAhakaraNa---nijo saMtati ke uparAta kanyAdAna ke phala kI icchA se athavA sneha-sambandha se dUsare kI saMtati kA vivAha karanA / 2. itvaraparigRhItAgamana--kisI dUsare ke dvArA svIkRta amuka samaya taka vezyA yA vaisI sAdhAraNa strI kA usI kAlAvadhi me bhoga karanA / 3. aparigRhItAgamana--vezyA kA, jisakA pati videza calA gayA hai usa viyoginI strI kA athavA kisI anAtha yA kisI puruSa ke kabje me na rahanevAlI strI kA upabhoga krnaa| 4. anaMgakrIr3A--asvAbhAvika arthAt sRSTiviruddha kAma kA sevana / 5. tIvrakAmAbhilASa--bAra-bAra uddIpana karake vividha prakAra se kAmakrIr3A karanA / 23 / aparigrahavata ke aticAra-1. kSetravAstu-pramANAtikrama--jo jamIna khetIbAr3I ke yogya ho vaha kSetra aura jo rahane yogya ho vaha vAstu, ina donoM kA pramANa nizcita karane ke bAda lobhavaza maryAdA kA atikramaNa krnaa| 2. hiraNyasuvarNa-pramANAtikrama--gar3he hue yA binA gaDhe hue cA~dI aura svarNa donoM ke svIkRta pramANa kA ullaMghana karanA / 3. dhanadhAnya-pramANAtikrama-gAya, bhaisa Adi pazudhana aura gehU~, bAjarA Adi dhAnya ke svIkRta pramANa kA ullaMghana krnaa| 4. dAsIdAsa-pramANAtikrama---naukara, cAkara Adi karmacAriyo ke pramANa kA atikramaNa krnaa| 5. kupyapramANAtikrama-bartano aura vastroM ke pramANa kA atikramaNa karanA / 24 / digviramaraNavata ke aticAra-1. Urdhvavyatikrama-vRkSa, parvata Adi para car3hane ko U~cAI ke svIkRta pramANa kA lobha Adi vikAra ke kAraNa bhaMga krnaa| 2-3. adho tathA tiryagvyatikrama-isI prakAra nIce tathA tirache jAne ke pramANa kA mohavaza bhaGga karanA / 4. kSetravRddhi--bhinna-bhinna dizAoM kA bhinna-bhinna pramANa svIkAra karane ke bAda kama pramANavAlI dizA meM mukhya prasaMga A par3ane para dUsarI dizA ke svIkRta pramANa me se amuka bhAga ghaTAkara iSTa dizA ke pramANa me vRddhi karanA / 5. smRtyantardhAna-~-pratyeka niyama ke pAlana kA AdhAra smRti hai, yaha jAnakara bhI pramAda yA moha ke kAraNa niyama ke svarUpa yA usakI maryAdA ko bhUla jAnA / 25 / 1. isakI vizeSa vyAkhyA ke lie dekheM-'jaina dRSTie brahmacarya' nAmaka gujarAtI nibandha /

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7 19-32] vrata aura zIla ke aticAro kI saMkhyA 189 dezAvakAzikavrata ke aticAra--1. Anayanaprayoga--jitane pradeza kA niyama liyA ho, AvazyakatA par3ane para svayaM na jAkara saMdeza Adi dvArA dUsare se usake bAhara kI vastu ma~gavA lenaa| 2. preSyaprayoga- sthAna sambandhI svIkRta maryAdA ke bAhara kAma par3ane para svayaM na jAnA aura na dUsare se hI usa vastu ko ma~gavAnA kintu naukara Adi se AjJApUrvaka vahA~ baiThe-biThAe kAma karA lenA / 3. zabdAnupAta--svIkRta maryAdA ke bAhara sthita vyakti ko bulAkara kAma karAne ke lie khA~sI Adi dvArA use pAsa Ane ke lie sAvadhAna krnaa| 4. rUpAnupAta--kisI taraha kA zabda na kara AkRti Adi batalAkara dUsare ko apane pAsa Ane ke lie sAvadhAna karanA / 5 pudgalakSepa --kaMkaDa, DhelA Adi phekakara kisI ko apane pAsa Ane ke lie sUcanA denA / 26 / anarthadaMDaviramaNavrata ke aticAra ---1. kandarpa-rAgavaza asabhya bhASaNa tathA parihAsa Adi karanA / 2. kautkucya-parihAsa va aniSTa bhASaNa ke atirikta naTabhAMDa jaisI zArIrika kuceSTAe~ karanA / 3. maukharya-nirlajjatA se sambandharahita evaM adhika bakavAda karanA / 4. asamIkSyAdhikaraNa-apanI AvazyakatA kA binA vicAra kie aneka prakAra ke sAvadha upakaraNa dUsare ko usake kAma ke lie dete rhnaa| 5. upabhogAdhikya AvazyakatA se adhika vastra, AbhUSaNa, tela, candana Adi rakhanA / 27 / __ sAmAyikavata ke aticAra--1. kAyaduSpraNidhAna-hAtha, paira Adi aMgoM ko vyartha aura burI taraha se calAte rhnaa| 2. vacanaduSpraNidhAna-saMskAra-rahita tathA artha-rahita evaM hAnikAraka bhASA bolanA / 3. manoduSpraNidhAna-krodha, droha Adi vikAroM ke vaza hokara cintana Adi manovyApAra krnaa| 4. anAdara-sAmAyika meM utsAha kA na honA arthAt samaya hone para bhI pravRtta na honA athavA jyoMtyoM pravRtti krnaa| 5. smRti-anupasthApana-ekAgratA kA abhAva arthAt citta ke avyavasthita hone se sAmAyika kI smRti kA na rahanA / 28 / pauSadhavrata ke aticAra-1. apratyavekSita tathA apramANita me utsarga-A~khoM se binA dekhe hI ki koI jIva hai yA nahI, evaM komala upakaraNa se pramArjana kie binA hI jahAM-tahA~ mala, mUtra, zleSma Adi kA tyAga krnaa| 2. apratyavekSita aura apramArjita me AdAnanikSepa-isI prakAra pratyavekSaNa aura pramArjana kie binA hI lakaDI, caukI Adi vastuo ko lenA va rkhnaa| 3 apratyavekSita tathA apramArjita saMstAra kA upakrama-pratyavekSaNa evaM pramArjana kie binA hI bichaunA karanA yA Asana bichaanaa| 4. anAdara-poSadha meM utsAharahita jyoM-tyoM karake

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190 tattvArthasUtra [7. 33-34 pravRtti krnaa| 5. smRtyanupasthApana-pauSadha kaba aura kaise karanA yA na karanA evaM kiyA hai yA nahIM ityAdi kA smaraNa na rahanA / 29 / __ mogopabhogavrata ke praticAra--1. sacitta-AhAra-kisI bhI vanaspati Adi sacetana padArtha kA AhAra karanA / 2. sacittasambaddha AhAra-kar3e bIja yA guThalI Adi sacetana padArtha se yukta bera yA Ama Adi pake phaloM ko khAnA / 3. sacittasaMmizra AhAra-tila, khasakhasa Adi sacitta vastu se mizrita laDDU Adi kA bhojana athavA cIMTI, kunthu Adi se mizrita vastu kA sevana krnaa| 4. abhiSavaAhAra-kisI bhI prakAra ke eka mAdaka dravya kA sevana karanA athavA vividha dravyoM ke mizraNa se utpanna madya Adi rasa kA sevana karanA / 5. duSpakva-AhAraadhapake yA ThIka se na pake hue padArtha ko khAnA / 30 / pratithisaMvibhAgavata ke praticAra--1. sacisavikSepa-khAne-pIne kI dene yogya vastu ko kAma me na Ane jaisI banA dene kI buddhi se kisI sacetana vastu meM rakha denaa| 2. sacittapidhAna-isI prakAra deya vastu ko sacetana vastu se Dhaka denaa| 3. paravyapadeza-apano deya vastu ko dUsare kI batAkara usake dAna se apane ko mAnapUrvaka bacA lenA / 4. mAtsarya-dAna dete hue bhI Adara na rakhanA athavA dUsare ke dAnaguNa kI IrSyA se dAna dene ke lie tatpara honA / 5. kAlAtikrama-kisI ko kucha denA na par3e isa Azaya se bhikSA kA samaya na hone para bhI khA pI lenA / 31 / saMlekhanAvata ke aticAra--1. jIvitAzaMsA--pUjA, satkAra Adi vibhUti dekhakara lAlacavaza jIvana kI abhilASA / 2. maraNAzaMsA-sevA, satkAra Adi karane ke lie kisI ko pAsa Ate na dekhakara udvaga ke kAraNa mRtyu ko cAhanA / 3. mitrAnurAga-mitroM para yA mitratulya putrAdi para sneha-bandhana rkhnaa| 4. sukhAnubandha--anubhUta sukhoM kA smaraNa karake unhe tAjA banAnA / 5. nidAnakaraNa-- tapa va tyAga kA badalA kisI bhI taraha ke bhoga ke rUpa me caahnaa| __ Upara varNita aticAroM kA yadi jAnabUjhakara athavA vakratApUrvaka sevana kiyA jAya taba to ve vrata ke khaNDanarUpa hokara anAcAra kahalAeMge aura bhUla se asAvadhAnIpUrvaka sevana kie jAne para aticAra kahe jAe~ge / 32 / dAna tathA usakI vizeSatA anugrahArtha svasyAtisargo dAnam / 33 / vidhivyvaatpaatrvishessaatdvishessH| 34 / anugraha ke lie apanI vastu kA tyAga karanA dAna hai|

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7. 33-34 ] dAna tathA usakI vizeSatA 191 vidhi, deyavastu, dAtA aura pAtra kI vizeSatA se dAna kI vizeSatA hai| dAnadharma samasta sadguNoM kA mUla hai, ataH pAramArthika dRSTi se usakA vikAsa anya sadguNoM ke utkarSa kA AdhAra hai aura vyavahAra-dRSTi se mAnavIya vyavasthA ke sAmaMjasya kA AdhAra hai| dAna kA artha hai nyAyapUrvaka prApta vastu kA dUsare ke lie arpaNa / yaha arpaNa karanevAle tathA svIkAra karanevAle donoM kA upakAraka honA cAhie / isame arpaNakartA kA mukhya upakAra to yaha hai ki usa vastu para se usakI mamatA haTe aura isa prakAra use santoSa aura samabhAva kI prApti ho| svIkArakartA kA upakAra yaha hai ki usa vastu se use apanI jIvanayAtrA meM madada mile aura pariNAmasvarUpa usake sadguNoM kA vikAsa ho / dAnarUpa me sabhI dAna samAna hone para bhI unake phala me taratamabhAva rahatA hai / yaha taratamabhAva dAnadharma kI vizeSatA ke kAraNa hotA hai| yaha vizeSatA mukhyatayA dAnadharma ke cAra aGgoM kI vizeSatA ke anusAra hotI hai| ina cAra aGgoM ko vizeSatAeM isa prakAra hai-1.vidhi-vidhi kI vizeSatA me deza, kAla kA aucitya aura prAptakartA ke siddhAnta ko bAdhA na pahu~ce aisI kalpanIya vastu kA arpaNa ityAdi bAtoM kA samAveza hai| 2. dravya-dravya kI vizeSatA meM deya vastu ke guNoM kA samAveza hotA hai / jisa vastu kA dAna kiyA jAya vaha prAptakartA pAtra kI jIvanayAtrA meM poSaka tathA pariNAmataH usake nijI guNavikAsa meM nimitta bananevAlI ho| 3. dAtA-dAtA ko vizeSatA me pAtra ke prati zraddhA kA honA, usake prati tiraskAra yA asUyA kA na honA tathA dAna dete samaya yA bAda me viSAda na karanA ityAdi dAtA ke guNoM kA samAveza hai| 4. pAtra--satpuruSArtha ke lie jAgarUka rahanA dAna lenevAle pAtra kI vizeSatA hai / 33-34 /

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.8: bandha Asrava ke vivecana ke prasaMga se vrata aura dAna kA varNana ..rane ke pazcAt aba isa AThave adhyAya me bandhatattva kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai / bandhahetuoM kA nirdeza mithyAdarzanAviratipramAdakaSAyayogA bndhhetvH| 1 / mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga-ye pA~ca bandha ke hetu haiN| bandha ke svarUpa kA varNana Age sUtra 2 me AyA hai| yahA~ usake hetuoM kA nirdeza hai / bandha ke hetuoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM tIna paramparAe~ dikhAI detI hai / eka paramparA ke anusAra kaSAya aura yoga ye do hI bandhahetu hai| dUsarI paramparA meM mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya aura yoga ye cAra bandhahetu mAne gae hai / tIsarI paramparA meM ukta cAra hetuoM me pramAda ko baDhAkara pA~ca bandhahetuoM kA varNana hai| saMkhyA aura usake kAraNa nAmoM meM bheda dikhAI dene para bhI tAttvika dRSTi se ina paramparAoM me koI antara nahI hai / pramAda eka taraha kA asaMyama hI hai, ataH vaha avirati yA kaSAya ke antargata hI hai / isI dRSTi se karmaprakRti Adi granthoM meM cAra bandhahetu kahe gae haiN| mithyAtva aura asaMyama ye donoM kaSAya ke svarUpa se bhinna nahI paDate, ataH kaSAya aura yoga ko hI bandhahetu kahA gayA hai| __ prazna--sacamuca yadi aisI hI bAta hai taba prazna hotA hai ki ukta saMkhyAbheda kI vibhinna paramparAoM kA AdhAra kyA hai ? uttara-koI bhI karmabandha ho, usa samaya usame adhika-se-adhika jina cAra aMzo kA nirmANa hotA hai, kaSAya aura yoga ye dono hI unake alaga-alaga kAraNa hai, kyoMki prakRti evaM pradeza aMzoM kA nirmANa yoga se hotA hai evaM sthiti tathA anabhAgarUpa aMzo kA nirmANa kaSAya se / isa prakAra eka hI karma me utpanna honevAle ukta cAra aMzoM ke kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa karane ke vicAra se zAstra me - 192 -

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8. 1] bandhuhetuoM kI vyAkhyA kaSAya aura yoga ina do bandhahaluoM kA dhana hai tathA yAtmika vikAsa kI caDhAva-utAravAlI bhUmikAsvarUpa guNasthAnoM meM baMdhanevAlI karmaprakRliyoM ke saralamabhAva ke kAraNa ko darzAne ke lie mithyAtba, avirati, kaSAya aura yoga bana cAra bandhahetuoM kA kathana hai / jisa guNAsthAna meM jitane adhika bandhahetu hoMge usa guNasthAna meM karmaprakRtiyoM kA bandha bhI utanA hI adhika hogA bhaura jahA~ ye bandhahetu kama hoge vahA~ karmaprakRtiyoM kA bandha bhI kama hI hogaa| isa prakAra mithyAtva Adi cAra hetuo ke kathana kI paramparA alaga-alaga guNasthAnoM meM taratamabhAva ko prApta honevAle karmabandha ke kAraNa ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie hai aura kaSAya evaM yoga ina do hetuoM ke kathana kI paramparA kisI eka hI karma me sambhAvita cAra aMzoM ke kAraNa kA pRthakkaraNa karane ke lie hai| pA~ca banSahetunoM kI paramparA kA Azaya cAra bandhahetuoM kI paramparA se kisI prakAra bhI bhinna nahIM hai aura yadi hai bhI to kevala itanA hI ki jijJAsu ziSyo ko bandhahetuo kA vistAra se jJAna ho jAya / bandhahetuoM kI vyAkhyA mithyAtva-mithyAtva kA artha hai mithyAdarzana, jo samyagdarzana se viparIta hotA hai| samyagdarzana vastu kA tAttvika zraddhAna hone se viparItadarzana do taraha kA phalita hotA hai-1. vastuviSayaka yathArtha zraddhAna kA abhAva aura 2. vastu kA ayathArtha zraddhAna / pahale aura dUsare me itanA hI antara hai ki pahalA bilakula mUDhadazA me bhI ho sakatA hai, jaba ki dUsarA vicAradazA meM hI hotA hai| abhiniveza ke kAraNa vicArazakti kA vikAsa hone para bhI jaba kisI eka hI dRSTi ko pakaDa liyA jAtA hai taba atattva me pakSapAta hone se vaha dRSTi mithyAdarzana kahalAtI hai jo upadezajanya hone se abhigRhIta kahI jAtI hai / jaba vicAradazA jAgrata na huI ho taba anAdikAlIna AvaraNa ke kAraNa kevala mUDhatA hotI hai| usa samaya tattva kA zraddhAna nahI hotA to atattva kA bhI zraddhAna nahI hotA / isa dazA meM mAtra mUDhatA hone se use tattva kA azraddhAna kaha sakate hai / vaha naisargika yA upadezanirapekSa hone se anabhigRhIta kahA jAtA hai / dRSTi yA pantha sambandhI sabhI aikAntika kadAgraha abhigRhIta mithyAdarzana hai jo manuSya jaisI vikasita jAti me ho sakate hai| dUsarA anabhigRhIta mithyAdarzana kITa, pataMga Adi mUcchita cetanAvAlI jAtiyoM meM hI sambhava hai / avirati, pramAva-avirati arthAt doSoM se virata na honaa| pramAda arthAt AtmavismaraNa arthAt kuzala kAryo me anAdara, kartavya-akartavya kI smRti me asAvadhAnI / 13

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tattvArthasUtra [ 8. 2-4 kaSAya, yoga-kaSAya arthAt samabhAva kI maryAdA tor3anA / yoga kA artha hai mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRtti / ___ chaThe adhyAya meM varNita tatpradoSa Adi bandhahetuoM aura yahA~ para nirdiSTa mithyAtva Adi bandhahetuo meM itanA hI antara hai ki tatpradoSAdi pratyeka karma ke viziSTa bandhahetu hone se vizeSa hai, jaba ki mithyAtva Adi samasta karmoM ke samAna bandhahetu hone se sAmAnya hai / mithyAtva se lekara yoga taka pA~coM hetuoM me se jahA~ pUrva-pUrva ke bandhahetu hoge vahA~ bAda ke bhI sabhI hoMge yaha niyama hai, jaise mithyAtva ke hone para avirati Adi cAra aura avirati ke hone para pramAda Adi zeSa tIna avazya hoNge| parantu jaba uttara bandhahetu hogA taba pUrva bandhahetu ho aura na bhI ho, jaise avirati ke hone para pahale guNasthAna me mithyAtva hogA parantu dUsare, tIsare, cauthe guNasthAna meM avirati ke hone para bhI mithyAtva nahI rahatA / isI prakAra dUsare hetuoM ke viSaya me bhI samajhanA cAhie / 1 / bandha kA svarUpa sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAn pudgalAnAdatte / 2 / sa bandhaH / 3 / kaSAya ke sambandha se jIva karma ke yogya pudgaloM kA grahaNa karatA hai| vaha bandha hai| pudgala kI aneka vargaNAe~ (prakAra ) hai| unameM se jo vargaNAe~ karmarUpa pariNAma ko prApta karane kI yogyatA rakhatI hai unhI ko jIva grahaNa karake apane AtmapradezoM ke sAtha viziSTa rUpa se jor3a detA hai, arthAt svabhAva se jIva amUrta hone para bhI anAdikAla se karmasambandhavAlA hone se mUrtavat ho jAtA hai / ataH vaha mUrta karmapudgalo kA grahaNa karatA hai| jaise dIpaka battI dvArA tela ko grahaNa karake apanI uSNatA se use jvAlA me pariNata kara letA hai vaise hI jIva kASAyika vikAra se yogya pudgalo ko grahaNa karake unhe karmarUpa meM pariNata kara letA hai| Atmapradezo ke sAtha karmarUpa pariNAma ko prApta pudgalo kA yaha sambandha hI bandha kahalAtA hai| aise bandha me mithyAtva Adi aneka nimitta hote hai, phira bhI yahA~ kaSAya ke sambandha se pudgaloM kA grahaNa hone kI bAta anya hetuo kI apekSA kaSAya kI pradhAnatA pradarzita karane ke lie hI kahI gaI hai / 2-3 / bandha ke prakAra prakRtisthityanubhAvapradezAstadvidhayaH / 4 / prakRti, sthiti, anubhAva aura pradeza ye cAra usake (bandha ke ) prakAra haiN|

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195 8.5] mUlaprakRti-bhedo kA nAma-nirdeza karmapudgala jIva dvArA grahaNa kie jAne para karmarUpa pariNAma ko prApta hote hai| isakA artha yahI hai ki usI samaya usame cAra aMzo kA nirmANa hotA hai aura ve aMza hI bandha ke prakAra hai| udAharaNArtha bakarI, gAya, bhaisa Adi dvArA khAI huI ghAsa Adi cIjeM jaba dUdha ke rUpa meM pariNata hotI hai taba usame madhuratA kA svabhAva nirmita hotA hai; vaha svabhAva amuka samaya taka usI rUpa meM banA raha sake aisI kAlamaryAdA usame nirmita hotI hai; isa madhuratA me tItratA, mandatA Adi vizeSatAe~ bhI hotI hai aura sAtha hI isa dUdha kA paudgalika pariNAma bhI banatA hai / isI prakAra jIva dvArA grahaNa hokara usake pradezo me saMzleSa ko prApta karmapudgaloM meM bhI cAra aMzo kA nirmANa hotA hai| ve aMza hI prakRti, sthiti, anubhAva aura pradeza hai| 1. karmapudgaloM me jJAna ko Avarita karane, darzana ko rokana, sukha-dukha dene Adi kA jo svabhAva banatA hai vaha svabhAvanirmANa hI prakRtibandha hai| 2. svabhAva banane ke sAtha hI usa svabhAva se amaka kAla taka cyata na hone kI maryAdA bhI pudgaloM me nirmita hotI hai, yaha kAlamaryAdA kA nirmANa hI sthitibandha hai| 3. svabhAvanirmANa ke sAtha hI usame tIvratA, mandatA Adi rUpa meM phalAnubhava karAnevAlI vizeSatAeM baMdhatI hai, yahI anubhAvabandha hai / 4. grahaNa kie jAne para bhinna-bhinna svabhAva me pariNata honevAlI karmapudgalarAzi svabhAvAnusAra amuka-amuka parimANa meM ba~Ta jAtI hai, yaha parimANavibhAga hI pradezabandha hai / bandha ke ina cAra prakAroM me se pahalA aura antima donoM yoga ke Azrita haiM, kyoMki yoga ke taratamabhAva para hI prakRti aura pradeza bandha kA taratamabhAva avalambita hai| dUsarA aura tIsarA prakAra kaSAya ke Azrita hai, kyoki kaSAya kI tIvratA-mandatA para hI sthiti aura anubhAva bandha kI alpAdhikatA avalambita hai / 4 / __ mUlaprakRti-bhedo kA nAmanirdeza Adyo jJAnadarzanAvaraNavedanIyamohanIyAyuSkanAmagotrAntarAyAH / 5 / prathama arthAt prakRtibandha jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, AyuSka, nAma, gotra aura antarAyarUpa hai| adhyavasAya-vizeSa se jIva dvArA eka hI bAra me gRhIta karmapudgalarAzi me eka sAtha AdhyavasAyika zakti kI vividhatA ke anusAra aneka svabhAva nirmita hote hai / ve svabhAva adRzya hote hai, phira bhI unakA parigaNana unake kArya prabhAvako dekhakara kiyA jA sakatA hai| eka yA aneka jIvoM para honevAle karma ke

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tattvArthasUtra [8. 6-14 asaMkhya prabhAva anubhava me Ate hai| vAstava me ina prabhAvoM ke utpAdaka svabhAva bhI asaMkhyAta haiM / phira bhI saMkSepa me vargIkaraNa karake una sabhI ko ATha bhAgoM meM bA~Ta diyA gayA hai| yahI malaprakRtibandha hai| inhI ATha mUlaprakRti-bhedoM kA nAmanirdeza yahA~ kiyA gayA hai| ve hai-jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayuka, nAma, gotra aura antarAya / 1. jJAnAvaraNa--jisake dvArA jJAna (vizeSabodha ) kA AvaraNa ho| 2 darzanAvaraNajisake dvArA darzana ( sAmAnyabodha ) kA AvaraNa ho / 3. vedanIya-jisase sukha yA du.kha kA anubhava ho| 4. mohanIya-jisase AtmA moha ko prApta ho| 5. AyuSka-jisase bhava dhAraNa ho| 6. nAma-jisase viziSTa gati, jAti Adi kI prApti ho / 7. gora-jisase U~capana yA nIcapana mile| 8. antarAya-jisase dAna ke dene-lene tathA bhogAdi me vighna pdd'e| karma ke vividha svabhAvoM ke saMkSepa me ATha bhAga hai, phira bhI vistRtaruci ke jijJAsuoM ke lie madhyamamArga kA avalaMbana karake una ATha kA punaH dUsare prakAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai, jo uttaraprakRtibhedo ke nAma se prasiddha hai / aise uttaraprakRti-bheda 97 hai / ve mUlaprakRti ke krama se Age batalAe gae hai / 5 / uttaraprakRti-bhedo kI saMkhyA aura nAmanirdeza paJcanavadvayaSTAviMzaticatudvicatvAriMzadvipaJcabhedA yathAkramam / 6 / matyAdInAm / 7 / / cakSuracakSuravadhikevalAnAM nidrAnidrAnidrApracalApracalApracalAstyAnagaddhivedanIyAni ca / 8 / sdsdvdye|9| darzanacAritramohanIyakaSAyanokaSAyavedanIyAkhyAstridviSoDazanavabhedAH samyaktvamithyAtvatadubhayAni kaSAyanokaSAyAvanantAnubandhyapratyAkhyAnapratyAkhyAnAvaraNasaMjvalanavikalpAzcaikazaH krodhamAnamAyAlobhA hAsyaratyaratizokabhayajugupsAstrIpuMnapuMsakavedAH / 10 / nArakatairyagyonamAnuSadaivAni / 11 / / gatijAtizarIrAGgopAGganirmANabandhanasaGghAtasaMsthAnasaMhananasparzarasagandhavarNAnupUrvyagurulaghUpadhAtaparAghAtAtapodyotocchvAsavihAyogatayaH pratyekazarIratrasasubhagasusvarazubhasUkSmaparyAptasthirAdeyayazAMsi setarANi tIrthakRttvaM ca / 12 // uccairnIcaizca / 13 / dAnAdInAm / 14 //

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8. 6-14 ] uttaraprakRti-bhedoM kI saMkhyA aura nAmanirdeza 197 ATha mUlaprakRtiyoM ke kramazaH pA~ca, nau, do, aTThAIsa, cAra, bayAlIsa, do tathA pA~ca bheda hai / mati Adi pA~ca jJAno ke AvaraNa pA~ca jJAnAvaraNa haiM / cakSurdarzana, acakSurdarzana, avadhidarzana aura kevaladarzana ina cAroM ke AvaraNa tathA nidrA, nidrAnidrA, pracalA, pracalApracalA aura styAnagRddhi - rUpa pA~ca vedanIya -- ye nau darzanAvaraNIya haiM / prazasta ( sukhavedanIya ) aura aprazasta ( du.khavedanIya ) - ye do vedanIya haiM / darzanamoha, cAritramoha, kaSAyavedanIya aura nokaSAyavedanIya ina cAroM ke kramazaH tIna, do, solaha aura nau bheda hai / samyaktva, mithyAtva, tadubhaya ( samyaktvamithyAtva ) ye tIna darzanamohanIya ke bheda hai / kaSAya aura nokaSAya ye do cAritramohanIya ke bheda hai / inameM se krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye pratyeka anantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAna, pratyAkhyAna aura saMjvalana ke rUpa meM cAra-cAra prakAra ke hone se kaSAyacAritramohanIya ke solaha bheda banate haiM tathA hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, strIveda, puruSaveda aura napuMsakaveda ye nau nokaSAyacAritramohanIya ke bheda haiM ! nAraka, tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva - ye cAra Ayu ke bheda haiM / gati, jAti, zarIra, aGgopAGga, nirmANa, bandhana, saMghAta, saMsthAna, saMhanana, sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa, AnupUrvI, agurulaghu, upaghAta, paraghAta, Atapa, udyota, ucchvAsa, vihAyogati tathA sAdhAraNa aura pratyeka, sthAvara aura trama, dubhaMga aura subhaga, du.svara aura susvara, azubha aura zubha, bAdara aura sUkSma, aparyApta aura paryApta, asthira aura sthira, anAdeya aura Adeya, ayaza aura yaza evaM torthakaratva - ye bayAlIsa nAmakarma ke prakAra haiM / ucca aura nIca - ye do gotrakarma ke prakAra hai / dAna Adi ke pAMca antarAya hai / jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa karma ko prakRtiyA~- - 1. mati Adi pA~ca jJAna aura cakSurdarzana Adi cAra darzanoM kA varNana pahale ho cukA hai / " uname se pratyeka AvaraNa karanevAle svabhAva se yukta karma kramazaH matijJAnAvaraNa, zrutajJAnAvaraNa, 1. dekheM - a0 1, sUtra 9 se 33, a0 2, sU0 hai | For Private Personal Use Only

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198 tattvArthasUtra [8. 6-14 avadhijJAnAvaraNa, manaHparyAyajJAnAvaraNa aura kevalajJAnAvaraNa ye pAMca jJAnAvaraNa hai, tathA cakSurdarzanAvaraNa, acakSurdarzanAvaraNa, avadhidarzanAvaraNa aura kevaladarzanAvaraNa ye cAra darzanAvaraNa hai| ukta cAra ke atirikta anya pA~ca darzanAvaraNa isa prakAra hai-1. jisa karma ke udaya se aisI nidrA Aye ki sukhapUrvaka jAgA jA sake vaha nidrAvedanIya darzanAvaraNa hai| 2. jisa karma ke udaya se nidrA se jAganA atyanta kaThina ho vaha nidrAnidrA-vedanIya darzanAvaraNa hai / 3. jisa karma ke udaya se baiThe-baiThe yA khaDe-khar3e hI nIda A jAya vaha pracalAvedanIya darzanAvaraNa hai| 4. jisa karma ke udaya se calate-calate hI nIda A jAya vaha pracalApracalAvedanIya darzanAvaraNa hai / 5 jisa karma ke udaya se jAgrata avasthA me soce hue kAma ko nidrAvasthA meM karane kA sAmarthya prakaTa ho jAya vaha styAnagRddhi darzanAvaraNa hai; isa nidrA meM sahaja bala se anekagunA adhika bala prakaTa hotA hai / 7-8 / - vedanIya karma kI prakRtiyA~-1. jisa karma ke udaya se prANI ko sukha kA anubhava ho vaha sAtAvedanIya aura 2. jisa karma ke udaya se prANI ko du.kha kA anubhava ho vaha asAtAvedanIya hai / 9 / ___ darzanamohanIya karma kI prakRtiyA~-1. jisa karma ke udaya se tattvoM ke yathArtha svarUpa me ruci na ho vaha mithyAtvamohanIya hai| 2. jisa karma ke udaya-samaya meM yathArthatA kI ruci yA aruci na hokara DAMvADola sthiti rahe vaha mizramohanIya hai| 3. jisakA udaya tAttvika ruci kA nimitta hokara bhI aupazamika yA kSAyikabhAvavAlI tattvaruci kA pratibandha karatA hai vaha samyaktvamohanIya hai| cAritramohanIya karma kI paccIsa prakRtiyA~ solaha kaSAya-krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye kaSAya ke mukhya cAra bheda hai / tIvratA ke taratamabhAva kI dRSTi se pratyeka ke cAra-cAra prakAra hai / jo karma krodha Adi cAra kaSAyoM ko itanA adhika tIvra banA de ki jisake kAraNa jIva ko anantakAla taka saMsAra me bhramaNa karanA par3e vaha karma anukrama se anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha hai / jina karmoM ke udaya se AvirbhAva ko prAsa kaSAya kevala itane hI tIvra ho ki virati kA hI pratibandha kara sakeM ve apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha hai| jinakA vipAka dezavirati kA pratibandha na karake kevala sarvavirati kA hI pratibandha kare ve pratyAkhyAnAvaraNIya krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha hai| jinake vipAka kI tIvratA sarvavirati kA pratibandha to na kare lekina usame skhalana aura mAlinya utpanna kare ve saMjvalana krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha hai /

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8. 6 14 ] uttaraprakRti-bhedoM kI saMkhyA aura nAmanirdeza 199 nau nokaSAya - 1. hAsya kI utpAdaka prakRtivAlA karma hAsyamohanIya hai / 2- 3. kahI prIti aura kahI aprIti ke utpAdaka karma anukrama se ratimohanIya aura aratimohanIya hai / 4. bhayazIlatA kA janaka bhayamohanIya hai / 5. zokazIlatA kA janaka zokamohanIya hai / 6. ghRNAzIlatA kA janaka jugupsAmohanIya hai / 7. straiNabhAva-vikAra kA utpAdaka karma strIveda hai / 8. pauruSabhAva-vikAra kA utpAdaka karma puruSaveda hai / 9. napuMsakabhAva-vikAra kA utpAdaka karma napuMsakaveda hai / ye nau mukhya kaSAya ke sahacArI evaM uddIpaka hone se nokaSAya hai / 10 / zrAyukarma ke cAra prakAra -- jina karmoM ke udaya se deva, manuSya, tiyaMca aura naraka gati milatI hai ve kramazaH deva, manuSya, tiryaMca aura naraka ke AyuSya hai / 11 / nAmakarma kI bayAlIsa prakRtiyA~ caudaha piNDaprakRtiyA~- 1. sukha-duHkha bhogane ke yogya paryAya vizeSarUpa devAdi cAra gatiyoM ko prApta karAnevAlA karma gati hai / 2. ekendriyatva se lekara paMcendriyatva taka samAna pariNAma ko anubhava karAnevAlA karma jAti hai / 3. audArika Adi zarIra prApta karAnevAlA karma zarIra hai / 4. zarIragata aGgoM aura upAGgoM kA nimittabhUta karma aGgopAGga hai / 5- 6. prathama gRhota audArika Adi pudgaloM ke sAtha grahaNa kie jAnevAle navIna pudgaloM kA sambandha jo karma karAtA hai vaha bandhana hai aura baddhapudgaloM ko zarIra ke nAnAvidha AkAroM meM vyavasthita karanevAlA karma saMghAta hai / 7-8. asthibandha kI viziSTa racanArUpa saMhanana aura zarIra kI vividha AkRtiyoM kA nimitta karma saMsthAna hai / 9 12. zarIragata zveta Adi pA~ca varNa, surabhi Adi do gandha, tikta Adi pA~ca rasa, zIta Adi ATha sparza - inake niyAmaka karma anukrama se varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza hai / 13. vigraha dvArA janmAntara- gamana ke samaya jIva ko AkAza-pradeza kI zreNI ke anusAra gamana karAnevAlA karma AnupUrvI haiM / 14. prazasta aura aprazasta gamana kA niyAmaka karma vihAyogati hai / ye caudaha piNDaprakRtiyA~ kahalAtI hai / inake avAntara bheda bhI hai, isIlie yaha nAmakaraNa hai / trasadazaka aura sthAvaradazaka -- -1-2. jisa karma ke udaya se svatantrabhAva se gamana karane kI zakti prApta ho vaha trasa aura isake viparIta jisake udaya se vaisI zakti prApta na ho vaha sthAvara hai / 3-4. jisa karma ke udaya se jIvoM ko carmacakSu gocara bAdara zarIra kI prApti ho vaha bAdara, isake viparIta jisase carmacakSu ke agocara sUkSmazarIra kI prApti ho vaha sUkSma hai / 5- 6. jisa karma ke udaya For Private Personal Use Only

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tattvArthasUtra [8.6-14 se prANI svayogya paryApti pUrNa kare vaha paryApta, isake viparIta jisake udaya se svayogya paryApti pUrNa na kara sake vaha aparyApta hai| 7-8. jisa karma ke udaya se jIva ko bhinna-bhinna zarIra kI prApti ho vaha pratyeka aura jisake udaya se ananta jIvoM kA eka hI sAdhAraNa zarIra ho vaha sAdhAraNa hai / 9-10. jisa karma ke udaya se haDDI, dA~ta Adi spira avayava prApta hoM vaha sthira aura jisake udaya se jihvA Adi asthira avayava prApta ho vaha asthira hai| 11-12. jisa karma ke udaya se nAbhi ke Upara ke avayava prazasta hoM vaha zubha aura jisa karma ke udaya se nAbhi ke nIce ke avayava aprazasta hoM vaha azubha hai| 13-14. jisa karma ke udaya se jIva kA svara zrotA meM prIti utpanna kare vaha susvara aura jisa karma ke udaya se zrotA me aprIti utpanna ho vaha du svara hai| 15-16. jisa karma ke udaya se koI upakAra na karane para bhI jo sabako priya lage vaha subhaga aura jisa karma ke udaya se upakAra karane para bhI sabako priya na lage vaha durbhaga hai| 17-18. jisa karma ke udaya se vacana bahumAnya ho vaha Adeya aura jisa karma ke udaya se vaisA na ho vaha anAdeya hai| 19-20 jisa karma ke udaya se duniyA meM yaza va kIni prApta ho vaha yazaHkIti aura jisa karma ke udaya se yaza va kIti prApta na ho vaha ayazaHkIti hai| aATha pratyekaprakRtiyA~--1. jisa karma ke udaya se zarIra guru yA laghu pariNAma ko na pAkara agurulaghu ke rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai vaha agurulaghu hai| 2. pratijihvA, cauradanta, rasaulI Adi upaghAtakArI avayavoM ko prApta karAnevAlA karma upaghAta hai| 3. darzana yA vANI se dUsare ko niSprabha kara denevAlI dazA prApta karAnevAlA karma parAghAta hai / 4. zvAsa lene va chor3ane kI zakti kA niyAmaka karma zvAsocchavAsa hai| 5-6. anuSNa zarIra me uSNa prakAza kA niyAmaka karma Atapa aura zIta prakAza kA niyAmaka karma udyota hai / 7. zarIra meM aGga-pratyaGgoM ko yathocita sthAna me vyavasthita karanevAlA karma nirmANa hai| 8. dharma va tIrtha pravartana karane kI zakti denevAlA karma tIrthaMkara hai| 12 / gotra-karma kI do prakRtiyAM--1. pratiSThA prApta karAnevAle kula meM janma dilAnevAlA karma uccagotra aura 2. zakti rahane para bhI pratiSThA na mila sake aise kula me janma dilAnevAlA karma mIcagotra hai / 13 / antarAya karma kI pA~ca prakRtiyaoN--jo karma kucha bhI dene, lene, eka bAra yA bAra-bAra bhIgane aura sAmarthya meM antarAya ( vighna) paidA kara dete hai be kramazaH dAnAntarAya, lAbhAntarAya, bhogAntarAya, upabhogAntarAya aura vIryAntarAya

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8 15-22] sthiti va anubhAva bandha 201 sthitibandha AditastisRNAmantarAyasya ca triMzatsAgaropamakoTIkoTayaH parA sthitiH / 15 / saptatirmohanIyasya / 16 / naamgotryoviNshtiH| 17 / trayastrizatsAgaropamANyAyuSkasya / 18 / aparA dvAdazamuhUrtA vedanIyasya / 19 / nAmagotrayoraSTau / 20 / zeSANAmantamuhUrtam / 21 / prathama tIna arthAt jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura vedanIya tathA antarAya ina cAra karma-prakRtiyoM kI utkRSTa sthiti tIsa koTAkoTI sAgaropama hai| mohanIya kI utkRSTa sthiti sattara koTAkoTI sAgaropama hai / nAma aura gotra kI utkRSTa sthiti bIsa koTAkoTI sAgaropama hai / AyuSka kI utkRSTa sthiti taitIsa sAgaropama hai| vedanIya kI jaghanya sthiti bAraha muhUrta hai / nAma aura gotra kI jaghanya sthiti ATha muhUrta hai / zeSa pA~ca arthAt jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, antarAya, mohanIya aura AyuSya kI jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta hai| pratyeka karma kI utkRSTa sthiti ke adhikArI mithyAdRSTi paryApta saMjJI paMcendriya jIva hote hai, jaghanya sthiti ke adhikArI bhinna-bhinna jIva hote hai / jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, nAma, gotra aura antarAya ina chahoM kI jaghanya sthiti mUkSmasamparAya nAmaka dasaveM guNasthAna me sambhava hai| mohanIya kI jaghanya sthiti naveM anivRttibAdarasamparAya nAmaka guNasthAna me sambhava hai| AyuSya kI jaghanya sthiti saMkhyAtavarSajIvI tiryaca aura manuSya me sambhava hai| madhyama sthiti ke asaMkhyAta prakAra hai aura unake adhikArI bhI kASAyika pariNAma kI taratamatA ke anusAra asaMkhyAta haiM / 15-21 / anubhAvabandha vipaako'nubhaavH| 22 / sa yathAnAma / 23 / tatazca nirjraa| 24 /

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202 tattvArthasUtra [7. 23-24 vipAka arthAt vividha prakAra ke phala dene kI zakti hI anubhAva hai| anubhAva kA vedana bhinna-bhinna karma kI prakRti athavA svabhAva ke anusAra kiyA jAtA hai| usase arthAt vedana se nirjarA hotI hai| anubhAva aura usakA bandha--bandhanakAla meM usake kAraNabhUta kASAyika adhyavasAya ke tIvra manda bhAva ke anusAra pratyeka karma me tIvra-manda phala dene kI zakti utpanna hotI hai| phala dene kA yaha sAmarthya hI anubhAva hai aura usakA nirmANa hI anubhAvabandha hai / anubhAva kA phala-anubhAva samaya Ane para hI phala detA hai, parantu isa viSaya meM itanA jJAtavya hai ki pratyeka anubhAva (phalaprada )-zakti svayaM jisa karma me niSTha ho usa karma ke svabhAva (prakRti ) ke anusAra hI phala detI hai, anya karma ke svabhAvAnusAra nhiiN| udAharaNArtha jJAnAvaraNa karma kA anubhAva usa karma ke svabhAvAnusAra hI tIvra yA manda phala detA hai-vaha jJAna ko hI AvRta karatA hai, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya Adi anya karma ke svabhAvAnusAra phala nahI detA / sArAza yaha hai ki vaha na to darzanazakti ko AvRta karatA hai aura na sukha-du kha ke anubhAva Adi kArya ko hI utpanna karatA hai / isI prakAra darzanAvaraNa kA anubhAva darzana-zakti ko tIvra yA manda rUpa se AvRta karatA hai, jJAna ke AcchAdana Adi anya karmo ke kAryo ko nahIM krtaa| karma ke svabhAvAnusAra vipAka ke anubhAvabandha kA niyama bhI mUlaprakRtiyoM para hI lAgU hotA hai, uttaraprakRtiyoM para nhiiN| kyoMki kisI bhI karma kI eka uttaraprakRti bAda me adhyavasAya ke bala se usI karma kI anya uttaraprakRti ke rUpa meM badala jAtI hai, jisase pahalI kA anubhAva parivartita uttaraprakRti ke svabhAvAnusAra tIvra yA manda phala detA hai| jaise matijJAnAvaraNa jaba zrutajJAnAvaraNa Adi sajAtIya uttaraprakRti ke rUpa me saMkramaNa karatA hai taba matijJAnAvaraNa kA anubhAva bhI zrutajJAnAvaraNa Adi ke svabhAvAnusAra hI zrutajJAna yA avadhi Adi jJAna ko AvRta karane kA kAma karatA hai / lekina uttaraprakRtiyoM me kitanI hI aisI hai jo sajAtIya hone para bhI paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM krtii| jaise darzanamoha aura cAritramoha me se darzanamoha cAritramoha ke rUpa me athavA cAritramoha darzanamoha ke rUpa meM saMkramaNa nahIM krtaa| isI prakAra nArakaAyuSka tiryaMcaAyuSka ke rUpa me athavA anya kisI AyuSka ke rUpa me saMkramaNa nahI krtaa|

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8. 25 ] pradezabandha prakRtisaMkramaNa kI bhAMti hI bandhakAlIna rasa aura sthiti meM bhI bAda me adhyavasAya ke kAraNa parivartana ho sakatA hai, tovarasa manda aura mandarasa tIvra ho sakatA hai / isI prakAra sthiti bhI utkRSTa se jaghanya aura jaghanya se utkRSTa ho sakatI hai| phalodaya ke bAda mukta karma kI dazA--anubhAvAnusAra karma ke tIvra-manda phala kA vedana ho jAne para vaha karma Atmapradezo se alaga ho jAtA hai arthAt phira saMlagna nahI rhtaa| yahI karmanivRtti-nirjarA hai| jaise karma kI nirjarA usake phala-vedana se hotI hai vaise hI prAyaH tapa se bhI hotI hai / tapa ke bala se anubhAvAnusAra phalodaya ke pahale hI karma AtmapradezoM se alaga ho sakate hai / yaha bAta sUtra meM 'ca' zabda dvArA vyakta kI gaI hai / 22-24 / pradezabandha nAmapratyayAH sarvato yogavizeSAt sUkSmaikakSetrAvagADhasthitAH sarvAtmapradezeSvanantAnantapradezAH / 25 / karma ( prakRti ) ke kAraNabhUta sUkSma, ekakSetra ko avagAhana karake rahe hue tathA anantAnanta pradezavAle pudgala yogavizeSa se sabhI ora se sabhI AtmapradezoM meM bandha ko prApta hote haiN| pradezabandha eka prakAra kA sambandha hai aura usa sambandha ke do AdhAra haikarmaskandha aura AtmA / inake viSaya me jo ATha prazna utpanna hote hai unhI kA uttara isa sUtra me diyA gayA hai| prazna isa prakAra hai : 1. jaba karmaskandhoM kA bandha hotA hai taba uname kyA nirmANa hotA hai ? 2 ina skandhoM kA U~ce, nIce yA tirache kina AtmapradezoM dvArA grahaNa hotA hai ? 3. sabhI jIvoM kA karmabandha samAna hotA hai yA asamAna ? yadi asamAna hotA hai to kyoM ? 4. ve karmaskandha sthUla hote hai yA sUkSma ? 5. jIva-pradezavAle kSetra me rahe hue karmaskandhoM kA hI jIvapradeza ke sAtha bandha hotA hai yA usase bhinna kSetra meM rahe hue kA bhI hotA hai ? 6. ve bandha ke samaya gatizIla hote hai yA sthitizIla ? 7. una karmaskandho kA sampUrNa Atma-pradezoM me bandha hotA hai yA kucha hI AtmapradezoM meM ? 8. ve karmaskandha saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta, ananta yA anantAnanta me se kitane pradezavAle hote hai ? ina AThoM praznoM ke sUtragata uttara kramaza. isa prakAra hai : 1. AtmapradezoM ke sAtha ba~dhanevAle pudgalaskandhoM meM karmabhAva arthAt jJAnAvaraNatva Adi prakRtiyAM banatI hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki vaise skandhoM se una prakRtiyoM

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204 tattvAryasUtra [8. 26 kA nirmANa hotA hai / isIlie una skandhoM ko sabhI prakRtiyo kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai / 2. U~cI, nIcI aura tirachI sabhI dizAoM me rahe hue AtmapradezoM ke dvArA karmaskandhoM kA grahaNa hotA hai, kisI eka hI dizA ke AtmapradezoM dvArA nahI / 3 sabhI jIvoM ke karmabandha ke asamAna hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki sabhI ke mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika yoga ( vyApAra ) samAna nahIM hote / yahI kAraNa hai ki yoga ke taratamabhAva ke anusAra pradezabandha me bhI taratamabhAva A jAtA hai / 4. karmayogya pudgalaskandha sthUla ( bAdara ) nahI hote, sUkSma hI hote hai, vaise sUkSmaskandhoM kA hI karmavargaNA me se grahaNa hotA hai| 5. jIvapradeza ke kSetra meM rahe hue karmaskandhoM kA hI bandha hotA hai, usake bAhara ke kSetra ke karmaskandhoM kA nhiiN| 6. kevala sthira hone se hI bandha hotA hai, kyoki gatizIla skandha asthira hone se bandha ko prApta nahIM hote| 7. pratyeka karma ke ananta skandhoM kA sabhI AtmapradezoM me bandha hotA hai| 8. ba~dhanevAle samasta karmayogya skandha anantAnanta paramANuoM ke hI bane hote hai, koI bhI saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta yA ananta paramANuoM kA banA huA nahI hotA / 25 / puNya aura pApa prakRtiyA~ sadvaidyasamyaktvahAsyaratipuruSavedazubhAyurnAmagotrANi puNyam / 26 / sAtAvedanIya, samyaktva-mohanIya, hAsya, rati, puruSaveda, zubhaAyu, zubhanAma aura zubhagotra ye prakRtiyA~ puNyarUpa haiM ( zeSa sabhI prakRtiyA~ pAparUpa haiN)| jina karmoM kA bandha hotA hai unakA vipAka kevala zubha yA azubha hI nahI hotA apitu adhyavasAyarUpa kAraNa kI zubhAzubhatA ke nimitta se ve zubhAzubha donoM prakAra ke hote hai / zubha adhyavasApa se nimita vipAka zubha ( iSTa ) hotA hai aura azubha adhyavasAya se nirmita vipAka azubha (aniSTa ) hotA hai / jisa pariNAma meM saMkleza jitanA kama hogA vaha pariNAma utanA hI adhika zubha aura jisa pariNAma meM saMkleza jitanA adhika hogA vaha pariNAma utanA hI azubha hogaa| koI bhI eka pariNAma aisA nahIM hai jise kevala zubha yA kevala azubha kahA jA sake / pratyeka pariNAma zubha-azubha athavA ubhayarUpa hone para bhI usame zubhatva-azubhatva kA vyavahAra gauNamukhyabhAva kI apekSA se kiyA jAtA hai, isIlie jisa zubha pariNAma se puNya-prakRtiyoM me zubha anubhAga baMdhatA hai usI pariNAma se pApa-prakRtiyoM me azubha anubhAga bhI ba~dhatA hai| isake viparIta jisa pariNAma se azubha anubhAga baghatA hai usI pariNAma se puNya-prakRtiyoM meM zubha anubhAga

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205 8. 26 ] puNya aura pApa prakRtiyA~ bhI ba~dhatA hai / itanA hI antara hai ki jaise prakRSTa zubha pariNAma se honevAlA zubha anubhAga prakRSTa hotA hai aura azubha anubhAga nikRSTa hotA hai vaise hI prakRSTa azubha pariNAma se ba~dhanevAlA azubha anubhAga prakRSTa hotA hai aura zubha anubhAga nikRSTa hotA hai| puNyarUpa meM prasiddha 42 prakRtiyA~' ---sAtAvedanIya, manuSyAyuSka, devAyuSka, tiryaca-AyuSka, manuSyagati, devagati, pacendriyajAti; audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa, kArmaNa ye pA~ca zarIra; audArika-aMgopAMga, vaikriya-aMgopAMga, AhArakaaMgopAMga, samacaturasra-saMsthAna, vajrarSabhanArAca-saMhanana, prazasta varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza; manuSyAnupUrvI, devAnupUrvI, agurulaghu, parAghAta, ucchvAsa, Atapa, udyota, prazasta vihAyogati, sa, bAdara, paryApta, pratyeka, sthira, zubha, subhaga, susvara, Adeya, yaza.kIrti, nirmANanAma, tIrthakaranAma aura uccagotra / pAparUpa meM prasiddha 82 prakRtiyA~-pA~ca jJAnAvaraNa, nau darzanAvaraNa, asAtAvedanIya, mithyAtva, solaha kaSAya, nau nokaSAya, nArakAyuSka, narakagati, tiryaMcagati, ekendriya, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya, prathama saMhanana ko chor3a zeSa pA~ca saMhanana-ardhavajrarSabhanArAca, nArAca, ardhanArAca, kIlikA aura sevArta; prathama saMsthAna ko choDa zeSa pA~ca saMsthAna-nyagrodhaparimaNDala, sAdi, kubja, vAmana aura huDa, aprazasta varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza, nArakAnupUrvI, tiyaMcAnupUrvI, upaghAta, aprazasta vihAyogati, sthAvara, sUkSma, aparyApta, sAdhAraNa, asthira, azubha, durbhaga, du svara, anAdeva, ayazaHkIti, nIcagotra aura pAMca antarAya / 26 / 1. ye 42 puNya-prakRtiyA~ karmaprakRti va navatattva Adi aneka granyo meM prasiddha hai / digambara granyo me bho ye hI prakRtiyA~ puNyarUpa se prasiddha hai| prastuta satra se puNyarUpa meM nirdiSTa samyaktva, hAsya, rati aura puruSaveda va cAra prakRti yo kA anya kisI grantha meM puNyarUpa se varNana nahI hai / __ ina cAra prakRtiyo ko puNyarUpa mAnanevAlA matavizeSa bahuta prAcIna hai, aisA jJAta hotA hai, kyoki praratuta satra meM upalabdha inake ullekha ke uparAMta bhASyavRttikAra ne bhI matabheda ko darasAnevAlI kArikAe~ dI hai aura likhA hai ki isa maMtavya kA rahasya sampradAya-viccheda ke kAraNa hameM mAlUma nahIM hotaa| hA~, caturdazapUrvadhArI jAnate hoge|

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saMvara-nirjarA bandha ke varNana ke bAda aba isa naveM adhyAya meM saMvara evaM nirjarA tattva kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai| saMvara kA svarUpa AsravanirodhaH sNvrH|1| Asrava kA nirodha saMvara hai| jisa nimitta se karma kA bandha hotA hai vaha Asrava hai| Asrava kI vyAkhyA pahale kI jA cukI hai / Asrava kA nirodha arthAt pratibandha karanA hI saMvara hai / Asrava ke 42 bheda pahale batalAe jA cuke hai / unakA jitane-jitane aMza me nirodha hogA utane-utane aMza meM saMvara kahA jaaegaa| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA krama hI Asravanirodha ke vikAsa para Azrita hai / ataH jaise-jaise Asrava-nirodha bar3hatA jAtA hai. vaise-vaise guNasthAna' kI bhI vRddhi hotI hai / saMvara ke upAya sa guptisamitidharmAnuprekSAparISahajayacAritraiH / 2 / tapasA nirjarA c|3| vaha saMvara gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSA, parISahajaya aura cAritra se hotA hai| tapa se saMvara aura nirjarA hotI hai| 1. jisa guNasthAna me mithyAtva, avirati Adi cAra hetuo me se jo-jo hetu sambhava ho aura unake kAraNa jina-jina karma-prakRtiyo kA bandha sambhava ho una hetuo aura tajjanya karmaprakRtiyo ke bandha kA viccheda hI usa guNasthAna se Upara ke guNasthAna kA rAvara hai arthAt pUrva-pUrvavatI guNasthAna ke Asrava yA tajjanya bandha kA abhAva hI uttara-uttaravatoM guNasthAna kA savara hai| isake lie dekhe-dUsare karmagrantha me bandha. karaNa aura cauthA karmagrantha ( gAthA 51-58 ) tathA prastuta sUtra kI sarvArthasiddhi ttiikaa| - 206 -

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9. 4-5 ] gupti kA svarUpa 207 sAmAnyataH saMvara kA eka hI svarUpa hai, phira bhI prakArAntara se usake aneka bheda kahe gae hai / saMkSepa meM se isake 7 aura vistAra me 69 upAya batAe gae hai / yaha saMkhyA dhArmika AcAroM ke vidhAno para avalambita hai / jaise tapa saMvara kA upAya hai vaise hI vaha nirjarA kA bhI pramukha kAraNa hai / sAmAnyatayA tapa abhyudaya ( laukika sukha ) kI prApti kA sAdhana mAnA jAtA hai, phira bhI vaha niHzreyasa ( AdhyAtmika sukha ) kA bhI sAdhana hai kyoki tapa eka hone para bhI usake pIche kI bhAvanA ke bheda ke kAraNa vaha sakAma aura niSkAma do prakAra kA ho jAtA hai / sakAma tapa abhyudaya kA sAdhaka haiM aura niSkAma tapa nizreyasa kA / 2-3 / gupti kA svarUpa samyagyoganigraho guptiH / 4 / yogoM kA bhalIbhA~ti nigraha karanA gupti hai / kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika kriyA arthAt yoga kA sabhI prakAra se nigraha karanA gupti nahI hai, kintu prazasta nigraha hI gupti hokara saMvara kA upAya banatA hai / prazasta nigraha kA artha hai socasamajhakara tathA zraddhApUrvaka svIkAra kiyA gayA arthAt buddhi aura zraddhApUrvaka mana, vacana aura kAya ko unmArga se rokanA aura sanmArga me lagAnA / yoga ke saMkSepa me tIna bheda hai, ataH nigraharUpa gupti ke bhI tIna bheda hote hai : 1. kisI bhI vastu ke lene va rakhane meM athavA baiThane uThane va calane-phirane me kartavya - akartavya kA viveka ho, isa prakAra zArIrika byApAra kA niyamana karanA hI kAya gupti haiM / 2. bolane ke pratyeka prasaMga para yA to vacana kA niyamana karanA yA mauna dhAraNa karanA vacanagupti hai / 3. duSTa saMkalpa evaM acche-bure mizrita saMkalpa kA tyAga karanA aura acche saMkalpa kA sevana karanA manogupti hai / samiti ke bheda IryAbhASaiSaNAdAnanikSepotsargAH samitayaH / 5 / samyagaIryA, samyagbhASA, samyageSaNA, samyagAdAna- nikSepa aura samyagutsarga ye pA~ca samitiyA~ hai / sabhI samitiyA~ vivekayukta pravRttirUpa hone se saMvara kA upAya banatI hai / pA~coM samitiyA~ isa prakAra hai : For Private Personal Use Only

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208 tattvArthasUtra 1. IryAsamiti-kisI bhI jantu ( prANI) ko kleza na ho, isalie sAvadhAnIpUrvaka calanA / 2. bhASAsamiti-satya, hitakArI, paricita aura saMdeharahita bolanA / 3. eSaNAsamiti-jIvana-yAtrA me Avazyaka nirdoSa sAdhanoM ko juTAne ke lie sAvadhAnIpUrvaka pravRtti krnaa| 4. AdAnanikSepasamiti-vastumAtra ko bhalIbhAMti dekhakara evaM pramArjita karake lenA yA rakhanA / 5. utsargasamiti-jIvarahita pradeza meM dekhabhAlakara evaM pramArjita karake hI anupayogI vastuoM kA visarjana krnaa| prazna-gupti aura samiti me kyA antara hai ? uttara-gupti me asatkriyA ke niSedha kI mukhyatA hai aura samiti meM sakriyA ke pravartana kI mukhyatA hai / 5 / dharma ke bheda uttamaH kSamAmArdavArjavazaucasatyasaMyamatapastyAgAkiJcanyabrahmacaryANi dharmaH / / kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, zauca, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya aura brahmacarya ye dasa uttama dharma haiN| kSamA Adi guNoM ko jIvana meM utArane se hI krodha Adi doSoM kA abhAva hotA hai, isIlie ina guNoM ko saMvara kA upAya kahA gayA hai| kSamA Adi dasa prakAra kA dharma jaba ahisA, satya Adi mUlaguNoM tathA sthAna, AhAra-zuddhi Adi uttaraguNoM ke prakarSa se yukta hotA hai tabhI yatidharma banatA hai, anyathA nahIM / abhi. prAya yaha hai ki ahisA Adi mUlaguNo yA uttaraguNoM ke prakarSa se rahita kSamA Adi guNa bhale hI sAmAnya dharma kahalAe~ para yatidharma kI koTi me nahI A sakate / ye dasa dharma isa prakAra hai 1. kSamA-sahanazIla rahanA arthAt krodha paidA na hone denA aura utpanna krodha ko viveka tathA namratA se niSphala kara ddaalnaa| kSamA kI sAdhanA ke pA~ca upAya hai : apane me krodha ke nimitta ke hone yA na hone kA cintana karanA, krodhavRtti ke doSoM kA vicAra karanA, bAlasvabhAva kA vicAra karanA, apane kie hue karma ke pariNAma kA vicAra karanA aura kSamA ke guNoM kA cintana karanA / (ka) koI krodha kare taba usake kAraNa ko apane me huuNddhnaa| yadi dUsare ke krodha kA kAraNa apane meM dRSTigocara ho to aisA vicAra karanA ki bhUla to merI apanI hI hai, dUsare kI bAta to saca hai / kadAcit apane me dUsare ke krodha kA

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9. 6 ] dharma ke bheda 2.9 kAraNa dikhAI na par3e to socanA cAhie ki yaha becArA ajJAna se merI bhUla nikAlatA hai| yaho apane me krodha ke nimitta ke hone yA na hone kA cintana hai|| ( kha ) jise krodha AtA hai vaha vibhramamatiyukta hone se Aveza me Akara dUsare ke sAtha zatrutA bAMdhatA hai, phira use mAratA yA hAni pahuMcAtA hai aura isa taraha apane ahiMsAvrata ko naSTa karatA hai| isa prakAra ke anartha kA cintana hI krodhavRtti ke doSoM kA cintana kahalAtA hai / (ga ) koI pIThapIche nindA kare to aisA cintana karanA ki bAla (nAsamajha) logoM kA yaha svabhAva hI hai, isame bAta hI kyA hai ? ulaTA lAbha hai jo becArA poThapIche gAlI detA hai, sAmane to nahI AtA / yahI prasannatA kI bAta hai / jaba koI sAmane Akara gAlI de taba aisA socanA ki yaha to bAlajanoM kI hI bAta hai, jo apane svabhAva ke anusAra aisA karate haiM, isase adhika to kucha karate nahI / sAmane Akara gAlI hI dete hai, prahAra to nahIM karate, yaha bhI lAbha hI hai| isI prakAra yadi koI prahAra kare to upakAra mAnanA ki vaha prANamukta to nahIM karatA aura yadi koI prANamukta kare taba dharmabhraSTa na kara sakane kA lAbha mAnakara apane prati usakI dayA kA cintana karanA / isa prakAra jaise-jaise adhika kaThinAiyA~ Aye vaisevaise apane meM vizeSa udAratA aura viveka kA vikAsa karake upasthita kaThinAiyoM ko sarala banAnA hI bAlasvabhAva kA cintana hai / (gha) koI krodha kare taba yaha socanA ki isa avasara para dUsarA to nimittamAtra hai, vAstava me yaha prasaMga mere apane hI pUrvakRta karmo kA pariNAma hai / yahI apane kRta karmoM kA cintana hai / (Ga) koI krodha kare taba yaha socanA ki 'kSamA dhAraNa karane se citta svastha rahatA hai, badalA lene yA pratikAra karane meM vyaya honevAlI zakti kA upayoga sanmArga me kiyA jA sakatA hai / yahI kSamA ke guNoM kA cintana hai / 2. mArdava-citta meM mRdutA aura vyavahAra meM bhI namravRtti kA honA mArdava guNa hai| isakI siddhi ke lie jAti, kula, rUpa, aizvarya, vijJAna ( buddhi ), zruta (zAstra), lAbha (prApti), vIrya ( zakti) ke viSaya me apane ko bar3A yA UMcA mAnakara gavita na honA aura ina vastuo kI vinazvaratA kA vicAra karake abhimAna ke kAMTe ko nikAla pheMkanA / 3. prArjava-bhAva kI vizuddhi arthAt vicAra, bhASaNa aura vyavahAra kI ekatA hI Arjava guNa hai / isakI prApti ke lie kuTilatA yA mAyAcArI ke doSo ke pariNAma kA vicAra krnaa| 14

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tattvArtha sUtra [ 9.6 4. zauca-dharma ke sAdhanoM tathA zarIra taka me bhI Asakti na rakhanA- aisI nirlobhatA zauca hai / 210 5. satya -- satpuruSoM ke lie hitakArI va yathArtha vacana bolanA hI satya hai / bhASAsamiti aura satya meM antara yaha hai ki pratyeka manuSya ke sAtha bolacAla me viveka rakhanA bhASAsamiti hai aura apane samazIla sAdhu puruSoM ke sAtha sambhASaNavyavahAra me hita, mita aura yathArtha vacana kA upayoga karanA satya nAmaka yatidharma hai / 6. saMyama - mana, vacana aura kAya kA niyamana karanA arthAt vicAra, vANI aura gati, sthiti Adi me yatanA ( sAvadhAnI ) kA abhyAsa karanA sayama hai / " 7. tapa- malina vRttiyoM ko nirmUla karane ke nimitta apekSita zakti kI sAdhanA ke lie kiyA jAnevAlA Atmadamana tapa hai / 2 8. tyAga - pAtra ko jJAnAdi sadguNa pradAna karanA tyAga hai / 9. prAcinya- kisI bhI vastu me mamatvabuddhi na rakhanA AkiMcanya hai / 10. brahmacarya - truTiyoM ko dUra karane ke lie jJAnAdi sadguNoM kA abhyAsa karanA evaM guru kI adhInatA ke sevana ke lie brahma (gurukula) me carya ( basanA ) brahmacarya hai / isake paripAlanArtha atizaya upakAraka aneka guNa hai, jaise AkarSaka 1. saMyama ke satraha prakAra hai, jo bhinna-bhinna rUpa me hai : pA~ca iMdriyoM kA nigraha, pA~ca avratoM kA tyAga, cAra kaSAyo kA jaya tathA mana, vacana aura kAya kI virati / isI prakAra paoNca sthAvara aura cAra trasa ye nau saMyama tathA prekSyasaMyama, upekSyasayama, apahRtyasaMyama, pramRjyamaMyama, kAyasaMyama, vAksaMyama, mana. saMyama aura upakaraNasaMyama isa taraha kula satraha prakAra kA saMyama hai / 2. isakA varNana isI adhyAya ke sUtra 16-20 me hai / isake uparAMta aneka tapasviyo dvArA Acarita alaga-alaga prakAra ke tapa jaina paramparA me prasiddha hai / jaise yavamadhya aura vajramadhya ye do; cAndrAyaNa; kanakAvalI, ratnAvalI aura muktAvalI ye tIna; kSullaka aura mahA ye do siMhavikrIDita; saptasaptamikA, aSThaaSTamikA, navanavamikA, dazadazamikA ye cAra pratimAe~; kSudra aura mahA ye do sarvatobhadra, bhadrottara AcAmla; vardhamAna evaM bAraha bhikSapratimAe~ ityAdi / inake vizeSa varNana ke lie dekheM- AtmAnanda sabhA dvArA prakAzita taporatnamahodadhi nAmaka grantha | 3. guru ( AcArya ) pA~ca prakAra ke hai - pravrAjaka, digAcArya, zrutodde STA, zrutasamudde STA, AmnAyArthavAcaka | jo pravrajyA detA hai vaha pravrAjaka, jo vastumAtra kI anujJA pradAna kare vaha digAcArya, jo Agama kA prathama pATha paDhAe vaha zrutodde STA, jo sthira paricaya karAne ke lie Agama kA vizeSa pravacana kare vaha zrutasamuddeSTA aura jo AmnAya ke utsarga aura apavAda kA rahasya batalAe vaha AmnAyArthavAcaka kahalAtA hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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9. 7 ] anuprekSA ke bheda 211 sparza, rasa, gandha, rUpa, zabda aura zarIra-saMskAra Adi me na ulajhanA / isI prakAra adhyAya 7 ke sUtra 3 me varNita caturtha mahAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA vizeSa rUpa se abhyAsa krnaa|6| anuprekSA ke bheda anityAzaraNasaMsAraikatvAnyatvAzucitvAsravasaMvaranirjarAlokabodhidurlabhadharmasvAkhyAtatvAnucintanamanuprekSAH / 7 / anitya, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azuci, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, loka, bodhidurlabhatva aura dharmasvAkhyAtatva--inakA anucintana hI anuprekSAeM haiN| __ anuprekSA arthAt gahana cintana / tAttvika aura gahare cintana dvArA rAgadveSa Adi vRttiyA~ ruka jAtI hai| isIlie aise cintana ko saMvara kA upAya kahA gayA hai| jIvanazuddhi me vizeSa upayogI bAraha viSayo ko cunakara unake cintana ko bAraha anuprekSAoM ke rUpa me ginAyA gayA hai / anuprekSA ko bhAvanA bhI kahate hai / bAraha anuprekSAoM kA paricaya nIce diyA jA rahA hai / 1. anityAnuprekSA--kisI bhI prApta vastu ke viyoga se du kha na ho isalie una sabhI vastuoM me Asakti kama karanA Avazyaka hai / isake lie hI zarIra aura gharabAra Adi vastue~ evaM unake sambandha nitya aura sthira nahI hai, aisA cintana karanA hI anityAnuprekSA hai / 2. prazaraNAnuprekSA-ekamAtra zuddha dharma ko hI jIvana kA zaraNabhUta svIkAra karane ke lie anya sabhI vastuoM se mamatva haTAnA Avazyaka hai| isake lie aisA cintana karanA ki jaise siMha ke paMje me paDe hue hirana kA koI zaraNa nahIM vaise hI Adhi ( mAnasika roga), vyAdhi ( zArIrika roga) aura upAdhi se grasta maiM bhI sarvadA ke lie azaraNa huuN| yaha azaraNAnuprekSA hai| 3. saMsArAnuprekSA-saMsAratRSNA kA tyAga karane ke lie sAMsArika vastuoM me nirveda ( udAsInatA ) kI sAdhanA Avazyaka hai| isIlie aisI vastuoM se mana ko haTAne ke lie aisA cintana karanA ki isa anAdi janma-maraNa-saMsAra meM na to koI svajana hai aura na koI parajana, kyoMki pratyeka ke sAtha taraha-taraha ke sambandha janma-janmAntara meM hue hai| isI prakAra rAga, dveSa aura moha se saMtapta prANI viSayatRSNA ke kAraNa eka-dUsare ko haDapane kI nIti se asahya duHkhoM kA

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212 tattvArthasUtra [9.7 anubhava karate hai / yaha saMsAra harSa-viSAda, sukha-du.kha Adi dvandvoM kA sthAna hai aura sacamuca kaSTamaya hai / isa prakAra kA cintana saMsArAnuprekSA hai / 4. ekatvAnuprekSA-mokSa-prApti kI dRSTi se rAgadveSa ke prasaMgoM me nirlepatA kI sAdhanA Avazyaka hai / ata. svajana-viSayaka rAga tathA parajana-viSayaka dvaSa ko dUra karane ke lie aisA vicAra karanA ki 'mai akelA hI janmatA-maratA hU~, akelA hI apane boye hue karmabIjo ke sukha-du khAdi phalo kA anubhava karatA hU~, bAstava me mere sukha-duHkha kA koI kartA-hartA nahI hai' / yaha ekatvAnuprekSA hai| 5. anyatvAnuprekSA-manuSya mohAveza se zarIra aura anya vastuoM kI hrAsavRddhi me apanI hrAsa-vRddhi ko mAnane ko bhUla karake mUla kartavya ko bhUla jAtA hai| isa sthiti ke nirAsArtha zarIra Adi anya vastuoM me apanI Adata ko dUra karanA Avazyaka hai / isIlie ina dono ke guNa-dharmo kI bhinnatA kA cintana karanA ki zarIra to jaDa, sthUla tathA Adi-anta yukta hai aura maiM to cetana, sUkSma-Adi, antarahita huuN| yaha anyatvAnuprekSA hai / 6. azucitvAnuprekSA-sabase adhika ghRNAspada zarIra hI hai, ataH usa para se mUrchA ghaTAne ke lie aisA socanA ki zarIra svayaM azuci hai, azuci se hI paidA huA hai, azuci vastuo se isakA poSaNa huA hai, azuci kA sthAna hai aura azuci-paramparA kA kAraNa hai / yaha azucitvAnuprekSA hai / 7. prAsravAnaprekSA-indriya-bhogo kI Asakti kama karane ke lie pratyeka indriya ke bhogasambandhI rAga se utpanna honevAle aniSTa pariNAmoM kA cintana karanA AsravAnuprekSA hai| 8. saMvarAnuprekSA--durvRtti ke dvAroM ko banda karane ke lie sadvRtti ke guNoM kA cintana karanA saMvarAnuprekSA hai / 9. nirjarAnaprekSA-karma-bandhana ko naSTa karane kI vRtti dRr3ha karane ke lie vividha karma-vipAkoM kA cintana karanA ki du.kha ke prasaMga do prakAra ke hote hai icchA aura sajJAna prayatna ke binA prApta huA, jaise pazu, pakSI aura bahare, bAda du.khapradhAna janma tathA uttarAdhikAra me prApta garIbI: dUsarA saduddezya se sajJAna prayatnapUrvaka prApta kiyA huA, jaise tapa aura tyAga ke kAraNa prApta garIbI aura zArIrika kRzatA Adi / pahale me vRtti kA samAdhAna na hone se vaha aruci kA kAraNa hokara akuzala pariNAmadAyaka banatA hai aura dUsarA sadvRttijanita hone se usakA pariNAma kuzala hI hotA hai| ataH acAnaka prApta hue kaTuka vipAkoM meM samAdhAna-vRtti sAdhanA tathA jahA~ sambhava ho vahA~ tapa aura e

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213 9. 8-17 ] parISaha tyAga dvArA kuzala pariNAma kI prApti ho isa prakAra saMcita karmoM ko bhoganA zreyaskara hai / yaha nirjarAnuprekSA hai| 10. lokAnuprekSA-tattvajJAna kI vizuddha ke nimitta vizva ke vAstavika svarUpa kA cintana karanA lokAnuprekSA hai / 11. bodhidurlabhatvAnuprekSA-prApta hue mokSamArga me apramattabhAva kI sAdhanA ke lie aisA vicAra karanA ki 'anAdiprapaMca-jAla me, vividha du.khoM ke pravAha meM tathA moha Adi karmoM ke tIvra AghAto ko sahana karate hue jIva ko zuddha dRSTi aura zuddha cAritra prApta honA durlabha hai' / yaha bodhidurlabhatvAnuprekSA hai| 12. dharmasvAkhyAtatvAnuprekSA-dharmamArga se cyuta na hone aura usake anuSThAna meM sthiratA lAne ke lie aisA ciMtana karanA ki 'yaha kitanA bar3A saubhAgya hai ki jisase samasta prANiyoM kA kalyANa hotA hai aise sarvaguNasampanna dharma kA satpuruSoM ne upadeza kiyA hai / yaha dharmasvAkhyAtatvAnuprekSA hai / 7 / / parISaha mArgA'cyavananirjarAtha parisoDhavyAH priisshaaH| 8 / kSutpipAsAzItoSNadaMzamazakanAgnyAratistrIcaryAniSadyAzayyAkrozavadhayAcanA'lAbharogatRNasparzamalasatkArapuraskAraprajJAjJAnAdarzanAni / 9 / sUkSmasamparAyacchamasthavItarAgayozcaturdaza / 10 / ekAdaza jine / 11 / bAdarasamparAye sarve / 12 / jJAnAvaraNe prjnyaajnyaane| 13 / darzanamohAntarAyayoradarzanAlAbhau / 14 / cAritramohe naagnyaartistriinissdyaakroshyaacnaastkaarpurskaaraaH|15| vedanIye zeSAH / 16 / ekAdayo bhAjyA yugpdaikonviNshteH| 17 / mArga se cyuta na hone evaM karmoM ke kSaya ke lie jo sahana karane yogya hoM ve parISaha haiN| 1. zvetAmbara va digambara sabhI pustako meM 'gha' chapA huA milatA hai, parantu yaha parISaha zabda ke 'Sa' ke sAmya ke kAraNa vyAkaraNaviSayaka bhrAnti-mAtra hai| vastutaH vyAkaraNa ke anusAra 'parisoDhavyAH ' hI zaddha rUpa hai| jaise dekhe-siddhahema vyAkaraNa, 2.3.48 tathA pANinIya vyAkaraNa, 83 115

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214 tattvArthasUtra [ 9. 8-17 kSudhA, tRSNA, zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka, nagnatva, arati, strI, caryA, niSadyA, zayyA, Akroza, vadha, yAcanA, alAbha, roga, tRNasparza, mala, satkAra-puraskAra, prajJA, ajJAna aura adarzana--ye bAIsa parISaha haiN| sUkSmasamparAya va chadmasthavItarAga meM caudaha parISaha sambhava haiM / jina bhagavAn meM gyAraha parISaha sambhava haiN| bAdarasamparAya meM bAIsoM parISaha sambhava haiN| jJAnAvaraNarUpa nimitta se prajJA aura ajJAna parISaha hote haiM / darzanamoha se adarzana aura antarAya karma se alAbha parISaha hote haiN| cAritramoha se nagnatva, arati, strI, niSadyA, Akroza, yAcanA aura satkAra-puraskAra parISaha hote hai / vedanIya se zeSa sabhI parISaha hote hai| eka sAtha eka AtmA meM 1 se 19 taka parISaha vikalpa se sambhava haiN| __ saMvara ke upAya ke rUpa meM sUtrakAra ne parISahoM ke pA~ca aMgoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai-1. parISaho kA lakSaNa, 2. unakI saMkhyA, 3. adhikArI bheda se unakA vibhAga, 4. unake kAraNo kA nirdeza aura 5. eka sAtha eka jIva meM sambhAvya parISaha / yahA~ pratyeka aga kA vizeSa vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / 1. lakSaNa-aGgIkRta dharmamArga me sthira rahane aura karmabandhana ke vinAza ke lie jo sthiti samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karane yogya hai use parISaha kahate hai / 8 / 2. saMkhyA-yadyapi parISahoM kI saMkhyA saMkSepa me kama aura vistAra me adhika bhI kalpita kI jA sakatI hai tathApi tyAga ke vikAsa ke lie vizeSarUpa me bAIsa parISaha zAstra me batalAe gae hai / ve ye hai-1-2 kSudhA aura pipAsA-- bhUkha aura pyAsa kI cAhe jaisI vedanA ho, phira bhI aGgIkRta maryAdA ke viparIta AhAra-jala na lete hue samabhAvapUrvaka ina vedanAo ko shnaa| 3-4. zIta va uSNa- ThaMDa aura garamI se cAhe jitanA kaSTa hotA ho, phira bhI usake nivAraNArtha kisI bhI akalpya vastu kA sevana na karake samabhAvapUrvaka una vedanAoM ko sahanA / 5. dazamazaka-DA~sa, macchara Adi jantuo ke upadrava ko khinna na hote hue samabhAvapUrvaka sahana krnaa| 6. nagnatA'nagnatA ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana 1. isa parISaha ke viSaya me zvetAmbara va digambara dono sampradAyo meM vizeSa matabheda hai aura isI ke kAraNa zvetAmbara-digambara nAma paDe hai / zvetAmbara zAstra viziSTa sAdhakoM ke

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215 9. 8-17.] parISaha krnaa| 7. arati-aMgIkRta mArga me aneka kaThinAiyoM ke kAraNa aruci kA prasaMga Ane para usa samaya aruci na lAte hue dhairyapUrvaka usame rasa lenA / 8. strI-puruSa yA strI sAdhaka kA apanI sAdhanA me vijAtIya AkarSaNa ke prati na lalacAnA / 9. caryA-svIkRta dharmajIvana ko puSTa rakhane ke lie asaMga hokara bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM me vihAra karanA aura kisI bhI eka sthAna me niyatavAsa svIkAra na karanA / 10. niSadyA-sAdhanA ke anukUla ekAnta sthAna meM maryAdita samaya taka Asana lagAkara baiThe hue sAdhaka ke Upara yadi bhaya kA prasaMga A jAya to use akampitabhAva se jItanA athavA Asana se cyuta na honA / 11. zayyAkomala yA kaThora, U~cI yA nIcI, jaisI bhI jagaha sahajabhAva se mile vahA~ samabhAvapUrvaka zayana krnaa| 12. Akroza-koI pAsa Akara kaThora yA apriya vacana kahe taba bhI use satkAra samajhanA / 13. vadha-kisI ke dvArA tAr3anatarjana kiye jAne para bhI use sevA hI mAnanA / 14. yAcanA-dInatA yA abhimAna na rakhate hue sahaja dharmayAtrA ke nirvAhArtha yAcakavRtti svIkAra karanA / 15. alAbha-yAcanA karane para bhI yadi abhISTa vastu na mile to prApti ke bajAya aprAsi ko hI saccA tapa mAnakara saMtoSa rkhnaa| 16. roga-vyAkula na hokara samabhAvapUrvaka kisI bhI roga ko sahana karanA / 17. tRNasparza-saMthAre me yA anyatra tRNa Adi kI tIkSNatA athavA kaThoratA anubhava ho to mRduzayyA ke sevana jaisI prasannatA rkhnaa| 18. mala-zArIrika maila cAhe jitanA ho, phira bhI usase udvigna na honA aura snAna Adi saMskAroM kI icchA na krnaa| 19. satkAra-puraskAra-cAhe jitanA satkAra mile para usase prasanna na honA aura satkAra na milane para khinna na honaa| 20. prajJA-prajJA arthAt camatkAriNI buddhi hone para usakA garva na karanA aura vaisI buddhi na hone para kheda na krnaa| 21. ajJAna-viziSTa zAstrajJAna se garvita na honA aura usake abhAva meM AtmAvamAnanA na rkhnaa| 22 adarzana--sUkSma aura atIndriya padArthoM kA darzana na hone se svIkRta tyAga niSphala pratIta hone para vivekapUrvaka zraddhA rakhanA aura prasanna rahanA / 9 / lie sarvathA nagnatva ko svIkAra karake bhI anya sAdhako ke lie maryAdita vastra-pAtra kI AjJA dete hai aura tadanusAra amUrchita bhAva se vastrapAtra rakhanevAle ko bhI ve sAdhu mAnate hai, jaba ki digambara zAstra muninAmadhAraka sabhI sAdhako ke lie samAnarUpa se aikAntika nagnatva kA vidhAna karate hai / nagnatva ko acelaka parISaha bhI kahate hai / Adhunika zodhaka vidvAn vastrapAtra dhAraNa karanevAlI zvetAMbara paraMparA meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI savastra paramparA kA mUla dekhate hai aura sarvathA nagnatvavAlI digaMbara paraMparA meM bha0 mahAvIra kI avastra paraMparA kA mUla dekhate hai /

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216 tattvArthasUtra [ 9. 8-17 3. adhikArI-bheda-jisame samparAya (lobhakaSAya ) kI bahuta kama sambhAvanA ho usa sUkSmasamparAya nAmaka guNasthAna me tathA upazAntamoha va kSINamoha nAmaka guNasthAnoM meM caudaha parISaha hI sambhava hai / ve ye hai-kSudhA, pipAsA, zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka, caryA, prajJA, ajJAna, alAbha, zayyA, vadha, roga, tRNasparza aura mala / zeSa ATha sambhava nahIM hai, kyoki ve mohajanya hai, evaM gyArahaveM aura bArahave guNasthAnoM meM mohodaya kA abhAva hai| yadyapi dasaveM guNasthAna meM moha hotA hai para vaha itanA alpa hotA hai ki na hone jaisA hI kaha sakate hai| isIlie isa guNasthAna meM bhI mohajanya ATha parISahoM kI zakyatA kA ullekha na karake kevala caudaha kI zakyatA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / terahaveM aura caudahaveM' guNasthAnoM meM kevala gyAraha hI parISaha sambhava hai / ve hai-kSudhA, pipAsA, zIta, uSNa, dezamazaka, caryA, zayyA, vadha, roga, tRNasparza aura mala / zeSa gyAraha ghAtikarmajanya hote haiM aura ina guNasthAnoM me ghAtikarmoM kA abhAva hone se ve sambhava nahI hai / jisameM samparAya ( kaSAya ) kI bAdaratA arthAt vizeSa rUpa meM sambhAvanA ho usa bAdarasamparAya nAmaka naveM guNasthAna meM bAIsa parISaha hote hai, kyoMki parISahoM ke kAraNabhUta sabhI karma vahIM hote hai / naveM guNasthAna meM bAIsa parISahoM kI sambhAvanA kA kathana karane se usake pahale ke chaThe Adi guNasthAnoM meM utane hI parISaha sambhava haiM, yaha svataH phalita ho jAtA hai / 10-12 / 4. kAraNa-nirdeza-kula cAra karma parISahoM ke kAraNa mAne gaye hai| 1. ina do guNasthAno me parISahoM ke viSaya meM digambara aura zvetAmbara saMpradAyo me matabheda hai, jo sarvajJa meM kavalAhAra mAnane aura na mAnane ke kAraNa hai| isIlie digambara vyAkhyAgrantha 'ekAdaza jine sUtra ko mAnate hue bhI isakI vyAkhyA toDa-maroDa kara karate pratIta hote hai / vyAkhyA eka nahI balki do kI gaI hai aura ve tIna sAmpradAyika matabheda ke bAda kI hI hai, aisA spaSTa pratIta hotA hai| pahalI vyAkhyA ke anusAra aisA artha kiyA jAtA hai ki jina (sarvajJa ) me kSadhA Adi gyAraha parISaha ( vedanIya karmajanya ) hai, lekina moha na hone se ve kSadhA Adi vedanA rUpa na hone ke kAraNa upacAra mAtra se dravya parISaha hai| dUsarI vyAkhyA ke anusAra 'na' zabda kA abhyAhAra karake yaha artha kiyA jAtA hai ki jinameM vedanIya karma hone para bhI tadAzrita kSadhA Adi gyAraha paroSaha moha ke abhAva ke kAraNa bAdhA-rUpa na hone se hai hI nhiiN| 2. digambara vyAkhyA-grantha yahA~ bAdarasamparAya zabda ko saMjJA na mAnakara vizeSaNa mAnate haiM, jisa para se ve chaThe Adi cAra guNasthAno kA artha ghaTita karate hai /

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9. 18 ] cAritra ke bheda jJAnAvaraNa prajJA' va ajJAna parISahoM kA kAraNa hai; antarAyakarma alAbhaparISaha kA kAraNa hai; mohanIya me se darzanamohanIya adarzana kA aura cAritramohanIya nagnatva, arati, strI, niSadyA, Akroza, yAcanA, satkAra ina sAta parISahoM kA kAraNa hai; vedanIya karma Upara nirdiSTa sarvajJa me sambhAvya gyAraha parISahoM kA kAraNa hai / 13-16 / 5. eka sAtha eka jIva meM saMbhAvya paroSaha - bAIsa parISahoM meM aneka parISaha parasparavirodhI haiM, jaise zIta, uSNa, caryA, zayyA aura niSadyA / iname se pahale do aura bAda ke tIna eka sAtha sambhava hI nahI hai / zIta parISaha ke hone para uSNa aura uSNa ke hone para zIta sambhava nahI / isI prakAra caryA, zayyA aura niSadyA ina tInoM me se bho eka samaya me eka hI parISaha sambhava hai / isIlie ukta pA~coM meM se eka samaya me kinhIM bhI do ko sambhava aura tIna ko asambhava mAnakara eka AtmA me eka sAtha adhika-se-adhika 19 parISaha sambhava mAne gaye hai / 17 / cAritra ke bheda sAmAyikacchedopasthApyaparihAravizuddhisUkSmasamparAya - yathAkhyAtAni cAritram / 18 / 217 sAmAyika, chedopasthApana, parihAravizuddhi, sUkSmasamparAya aura yathAkhyAta -- yaha pA~ca prakAra kA cAritra hai / Atmika zuddhadazA meM sthira rahane kA prayatna karanA cAritra hai / pariNAmazuddhi ke taratamabhAva kI apekSA se cAritra ke sAmAyika Adi pA~ca bheda hai / ve isa prakAra hai : 1. sAmAyika cAritra - samabhAva me sthita rahane ke lie samasta azuddha pravRttiyoM kA tyAga karanA sAmAyikacAritra hai / chedopasthApana Adi zeSa cAra cAritra sAmAyikarUpa to hai hI, phira bhI AcAra aura guNa kI kucha vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa ina cAroM kA sAmAyika se pRthak rUpa me varNana kiyA gayA hai / itvarika arthAt kucha samaya ke lie athavA yAvatkathika arthAt sampUrNa jIvana ke lie jo pahale-pahala muni dIkSA lI jAtI hai vaha sAmAyika hai / 2. chedopasthApanacAritra -- prathama dIkSA ke pazcAt viziSTa zruta kA abhyAsa kara lene para vizeSa zuddhi ke lie jIvanaparyaMta punaH jo dIkSA lI jAtI hai, evaM 1. camatkAriNI buddhi kitanI hI kyoM na ho, parimita hone ke kAraNa jJAnAvaraNa ke Azrita hI hotI hai, ataH prajJAparISaha jJAnAvaraNajanya hI hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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218 tattvArthasUtra [9. 19-20 prathama dIkSA me doSApatti Ane se usakA cheda karake phira naye sire se jo dIkSA kA AropaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha chedopasthApanacAritra hai| iname pahalA niraticAra aura dUsarA sAticAra chedopasthApanacAritra hai / 3. parihAravizuddhicAritra-jisame viziSTa prakAra ke tapaHpradhAna AcAra kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai vaha parihAravizuddhicAritra hai / ' 4. sakSmasaMparAyacAritra-jisame krodha Adi kaSAyoM kA to udaya nahI hotA, kevala lobha kA aMza atisUkSmarUpa me rahatA hai, vaha sUkSmasamparAyacAritra hai| 5. yathAkhyAtacAritra-jisameM kisI bhI kaSAya kA bilakula udaya nahIM rahatA vaha yathAkhyAta arthAt vItarAgacAritra hai / 2 tapa anazanAvamaudaryavRttiparisaMkhyAnarasaparityAgaviviktazayyAsanakAyaklezA bAhya tapaH / 19 / prAyazcittabinayavaiyAvRttyasvAdhyAyavyutsargadhyAnAnyuttaram / 20 / anazana, avamaudarya, vRttiparisaMkhyAna, rasaparityAga, vivikta zayyAsana aura kAyakleza-ye bAhya tapa haiN| prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvRttya, svAdhyAya, vyutsarga aura dhyAna-ye Abhyantara tapa haiN| vAsanAoM ko kSINa karane tathA samucita AdhyAtmika zakti kI sAdhanA ke lie zarIra, indriya aura mana ko jina-jina upAyoM se tapAyA jAtA hai ve sabhI tapa kahe jAte hai / tapa ke bAhya aura Abhyantara do bheda haiM / bAhya tapa vaha hai jisameM zArIrika kriyA kI pradhAnatA ho tathA jo bAhya dravyoM kI apekSAsahita hone se dUsaroM ko dikhAI de / Abhyantara tapa vaha hai jisame mAnasika kriyA kI pradhAnatA ho tathA jo mukhyarUpa se bAhya dravyoM kI apekSA se rahita hone se dUsaroM ko dikhAI na bhI de| sthUla tathA logo dvArA jJAta hone para bhI bAhya tapa kA Abhyantara tapa kI puSTi me upayogI hone se hI mahattva mAnA gayA hai| bAhya aura Abhyantara tapa ke vargIkaraNa meM samagra sthUla aura sUkSma dhArmika niyamoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| 1. dekheM-hindI cauthA karmagrantha, pR0 56-61 / 2. isake athAkhyAta aura tathAkhyAta nAma bhI milate hai /

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9. 21-22 ] prAyazcitta Adi Abhyantara tapo ke bheda 219 bAhya tapa-bAhya tapa ke chaH prakAra ye haiM-1. anazana-viziSTa avadhi taka yA AjIvana saba prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karanA / inameM pahalA itvarika aura dUsarA yAvatkathika hai| 2. avamaudarya yA UnodarI-jitanI bhUkha ho usase kama AhAra krnaa| 3. vRttiparisaMkhyAna--vividha vastuoM kI lAlasA kama krnaa| 4. rasaparityAga-ghI, dUdha Adi tathA madya, madhu, makkhana Adi vikAravardhaka rasoM kA tyAga karanA / 5. vivikta zayyAsana-bAdhArahita ekAnta sthAna meM rhnaa| 6. kAyakleza-ThaMDa, garamI yA vividha AsanAdi dvArA zarIra ko kaSTa denA / prAbhyantara tapa-Abhyantara tapa ke cha. prakAra ye hai-1. prAyazcitta-dhAraNa kie hue vrata me pramAdajanita doSoM kA zodhana krnaa| 2. vinaya-jJAna Adi sadguNo me AdarabhAva / 3. vaiyAvRttya-yogya sAdhanoM ko juTAkara athavA apane Apako kAma meM lagAkara sevAzuzrUSA krnaa| vinaya aura vaiyAvRttya me yahI antara hai ki vinaya mAnasika dharma hai aura vaiyAvRttya zArIrika dharma hai| 4 svAdhyAya-jJAnaprApti ke lie vividha prakAra kA adhyayana krnaa| 5. vyutsargaahaMtA aura mamatA kA tyAga karanA / 6. dhyAna-citta ke vikSepoM kA tyAga krnaa| 19-20 / prAyazcitta Adi Abhyantara tapo ke bheda navacaturdazapaJcadvibhedaM yathAkramaM prAgdhyAnAt / 21 / dhyAna ke pUrvavartI Abhyantara tapoM ke kramazaH nau, cAra, dasa, pA~ca aura do bheda haiN| dhyAna kA vicAra vistRta hone se use anta me rakhakara usake pahale ke prAyazcitta Adi pA~ca Abhyantara tapo ke bhedoM kI saMkhyA hI yahA~ nirdiSTa kI gaI hai / 21 / prAyazcitta ke bheda AlocanapratikramaNatadubhayavivekavyutsargatapazchedaparihAropasthApanAni / 22 / Alocana, pratikramaNa, tadubhaya, viveka, vyutsarga, tapa, cheda, parihAra aura upasthApana-ye prAyazcitta ke nau bheda hai| doSa arthAt bhUla ke zodhana ke aneka prakAra hai aura ve sabhI prAyazcitta hai / saMkSepa me ve nau hai-1. guru ke samakSa zuddhabhAva se apanI bhUla prakaTa karanA Alocana hai| 2. huI bhUla kA anutApa karake usase nivRtta honA aura Age bhUla na ho isake

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220 tattvArtha sUtra [ 23-24 lie sAvadhAna rahanA pratikramaNa haiM / 3. ukta Alocana aura pratikramaNa donoM sAtha karanA tadubhaya arthAt mizra hai / 4. khAne-pIne Adi kI yadi akalpanIya vastu A jAya aura bAda me patA cale to usakA tyAga karanA viveka hai / 5. ekAgratApUrvaka zarIra aura vacana ke vyApAroM ko chor3anA vyutsarga hai / 6. anazana Adi bAhya tapa karanA tapa hai / 7. doSa ke anusAra divasa, pakSa, mAsa yA varSa kI pravrajyA kama karanA cheda hai / 8. doSapAtra vyakti se doSa ke anusAra pakSa, mAsa Adi paryanta kisI prakAra kA saMsarga na rakhakara use dUra se pariharanA parihAra hai / 9 ahiMsA, satya, brahmacarya Adi mahAvrato kA bhaga hone para puna: zurU se una mahAvratoM kA AropaNa karanA upasthApana hai / ' 22 / vinaya ke bheda jJAnadarzanacAritropacArAH / 23 / jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura upacAra - ye vinaya ke cAra bheda haiM / vinaya vastutaH guNarUpa meM eka hI hai, phira bhI usake ye bheda viSaya kI dRSTi se hI varNita hai / vinaya ke viSaya ko mukhyataH yahA~ cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai, jaise -- 1. jJAna prApta karanA, usakA abhyAsa jArI rakhanA aura bhUlanA nahI- - yaha jJAna kA vinaya hai / 2 tattva kI yathArtha pratItisvarUpa samyagdarzana se vicalita na honA, usake prati utpanna honevAlI zaGkAoM kA nivAraNa karake nizaMkabhAva kI sAdhanA karanA darzanavinaya hai / 3. sAmAyika Adi cAritro meM citta kA samAdhAna rakhanA cAritravinaya hai / 4. jo apane se sadguNo me zreSTha ho usake prati aneka prakAra se yogya vyavahAra karanA, jaise usake sammukha jAnA, usake Ane para khar3e honA, Asana denA, vandana karanA ityAdi upacAravinaya hai | 23 | vaiyAvRttya ke bheda AcAryopAdhyAyatapasvizaikSakaglA nagaNa kulasaddhasAdhusamanojJAnAm // 24 // AcArya, upAdhyAya, tapasvI, zaikSa, glAna, gaNa, kula, saMgha, samanojJa-yaha dasa prakAra kA vaiyAvRttya hai / sAdhu aura vaiyAvRttya sevArUpa hai / ataH dasa prakAra ke sevya ( sevAyogya pAtro) ke hone 1. parihAra aura upasthApana ina dono ke sthAna para mUla, anavasthApya va pArAMcika ina tIna prAyazcittoM ke hone se kaI grantho meM dasa prAyazcitto kA varNana hai / pratyeka prAyazcitta kina-kina aura kaise-kaise doSo para lAgU hotA hai isakA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa vyavahAra, jItakalpasUtra Adi prAyazcitta-pradhAna grantho meM draSTavya hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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9. 25-26 ] svAdhyAya va vyutsarga ke bheda 221 se vaiyAvRttya ke bhI dasa prakAra hai- 1. mukhyarUpa se jisakA kArya vrata aura AcAra grahaNa karAnA ho vaha AcArya hai / 2. mukhyarUpa se jisakA kArya zrutAbhyAsa karAnA ho vaha upAdhyAya hai / 3. mahAn aura ugra tapa karanevAlA tapasvI hai / 4. navadIkSita hokara zikSaNa prApta karane kA ummIdavAra zaikSa hai / 5. roga Adi se kSINa glAna hai / 6. bhinna-bhinna AcAryo ke ziSyarUpa sAdhu yadi paraspara sahAdhyAyI hone se samAna vAcanAvAle ho to unakA samudAya gaNa hai / 7. eka hI dIkSAcArya kA ziSya parivAra kula hai / 8. dharma kA anuyAyI samudAya saMgha hai jo sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA ke rUpa me cAra prakAra kA hai / 9. pravrajyAdhArI ko sAdhu kahate hai / 10. jJAna Adi guNo me samAna samanojJa yA samAnazIla kahalAtA hai / 24 / svAdhyAya ke bheda vAcanApracchanAnuprekSAmnAyadharmopadezAH / 25 // vAcanA, pracchanA, anuprekSA, AmnAya aura dharmopadeza --ye svAdhyAya ke pA~ca bheda haiM / jJAna prApta karane, use sandeharahita, vizada aura paripakva banAne evaM usakA pracAra karane kA prayatna - ye sabhI svAdhyAya me Ate hai, ataH usake yahA~ pA~ca bheda abhyAsazailI ke kramAnusAra kahe gae hai. 1. zabda yA artha kA pahalA pATha lenA vAcanA hai / 2. zaMkA dUra karane athavA vizeSa nirNaya ke lie pUchanA pracchanA hai / 3. zabda, pATha yA usake artha kA cintana karanA anuprekSA hai / 4 sIkhI huI vastu kA zuddhipUrvaka puna' - puna uccAraNa karanA AmnAya arthAt punarAvartana hai / 5. jAnI huI vastu kA rahasya samajhAnA athavA dharma kA kathana karanA dharmopadeza hai / 25 / vyutsarga ke bheda bAhyAbhyantaropadhyoH / 26 / bAhya aura Abhyantara upadhi kA tyAga - ye vyutsarga ke do prakAra haiM / vAstava me ahaMtA mamatA kI nivRtti ke rUpa meM tyAga eka hI hai, phira bhI tyAjya vastu bAhya aura Abhyantara ke rUpa me do prakAra kI hotI hai, isIlie vyutsarga yA tyAga ke bhI do prakAra kahe gae hai- -1. dhana, dhAnya, makAna, kSetra Adi bAhya padArtho kI mamatA kA tyAga karanA bAhyopadhi-vyutsarga hai aura 2. zarIra kI mamatA kA tyAga karanA evaM kASAyika vikAro kI tanmayatA kA tyAga karanA Abhyantaropadhi-vyutsarga hai / 26 / For Private Personal Use Only

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222 tattvArthasutra [9. 27-28 dhyAna uttamasaMhananasyaikAgracintAnirodho dhyAnam / 27 / AmuhUrtAt / 28 / uttama saMhananavAle kA eka viSaya' meM antaHkaraNa kI vRtti kA sthApana dhyAna hai| vaha muhUrta taka arthAt antarmuhUrta paryaMta rahatA hai| yahA~ dhyAna se sambandhita adhikArI, svarUpa aura kAla kA parimANa ye tIna bAteM varNita hai| 1. adhikArI-chaH prakAra ke saMhananoM ( zArIrika saMghaTanoM) me vajrarSabhanArAca3, ardhavajrarSabhanArAca aura nArAca ye tIna uttama mAne jAte hai / uttama saMhananavAlA hI dhyAna kA adhikArI hotA hai, kyoki dhyAna karane me Avazyaka mAnasika bala ke lie jitanA zArIrika bala Avazyaka hai vaha ukta tIna saMhananavAle zarIra meM sambhava hai, zeSa tIna saMhananavAle me nahI / mAnasika bala kA eka pramukha AdhAra zarIra hai aura zarIrabala zArIrika saMghaTana para nirbhara karatA hai; ataH uttama saMhananavAle ke atirikta dUsarA koI dhyAna kA adhikArI nahI hai / zArIrika saMghaTana jitanA kama hogA utanA hI mAnasika bala bhI kama hogA aura mAnasika bala jitanA kama hogA utanI hI citta kI sthiratA bhI kama hogii| isalie kamajora zArIrika saMghaTana yA anuttama saMhananavAlA kisI bhI prazasta viSaya meM jitanI ekAgratA sAdha sakatA hai vaha itanI kama hotI hai ki dhyAna me usakI gaNanA hI nahIM ho sktii| 1. bhASya ke anusAra isa satra me do prakAra ke dhyAna kahe gae hai--1. ekAgracintA aura 2. nirodh| kintu aisA lagatA hai ki kisI anya TIkAkAra kI dRSTi meM yaha bAta nahIM aaii| ataH hamane bhI yahA~ para purAne TIkAkAroM kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai / vastutaH yahI do prakAra satrakAra dvArA yahA~ nirdiSTa hai| dekhe-prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI dvArA prakAzita dazavaikAlika ko agastyasiMhakRta cUrNi, pR0 16 tathA 50 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA kA lekha, gujarAta yunivarsiTI dvArA prakAzita patrikA vidyA, bhAga 15, aMka 2, agasta 1672, pR0 61 / 2. digambara grantho meM tIna uttama saMhananavAle ko hI dhyAna kA adhikArI mAnA gayA hai lekina bhASya aura usakI vRtti meM prathama do saMhananavAle ko dhyAna kA adhikArI mAnA gayA hai / 3. isakI jAnakArI ke lie dekheM-a08, sa0 12 /

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9.27-28 ] dhyAna 223 2 svarUpa-sAmAnyataH kSaNa meM eka, kSaNa me dUsare, kSaNa me tIsare aise aneka viSayo ko avalabana karake pravRtta jJAnadhArA bhinna-bhinna dizAo se bahatI huI havA me sthita dIpazikhA kI bhA~ti arthAt asthira hotI hai / aisI jJAnadhArA--- cintA ko vizeSa prayatnapUrvaka zeSa viSayo se haTAkara kisI eka hI iSTa viSaya me sthira rakhanA arthAt jJAnadhArA ko aneka viSayagAminI na banane dekara eka viSayagAminI banA denA hI dhyAna hai / dhyAna kA yaha svarUpa asarvajJa ( chadmastha ) me hI sambhava hai / isalie aisA dhyAna bArahaveM guNasthAna taka hotA hai| sarvajJatva prApta hone ke bAda arthAt terahave aura caudahave guNasthAnoM me bhI dhyAna svIkAra to avazya kiyA gayA hai, para usakA svarUpa bhinna hai| terahaveM guNasthAna ke anta me jaba mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika yoga-vyApAra ke nirodha kA krama prArambha hotA hai taba sthUla kAyika vyApAra ke nirodha ke bAda sUkSma kAyika vyApAra ke astitva ke samaya me sUkSmakriyApratipAtI nAmaka tIsarA zukla dhyAna mAnA gayA hai aura caudahaveM guNasthAna kI sampUrNa ayogipana kI dazA me zailezIkaraNa ke samaya me samucchinnakriyAnivRtti nAmaka cauthA zukladhyAna mAnA gayA hai| ye donoM dhyAna ukta dazAo me cittavyApAra na hone se chadmastha kI bhAMti ekAgracintAnirodharUpa to hai hI nahIM, ataH ukta dazAoM me dhyAna ko ghaTAne ke lie sUtragata prasiddha artha ke uparAnta 'dhyAna' zabda kA artha vizeSa vizada kiyA gayA hai ki kevala kAyika sthUla vyApAra ke nirodha kA prayatna bhI dhyAna hai aura AtmapradezoM kI niSprakampatA bhI dhyAna hai / phira bhI dhyAna ke viSaya meM eka prazna rahatA hai ki terahaveM guNasthAna ke prArambha se yoganirodha kA krama zurU hotA hai, taba taka kI avasthA me arthAt sarvajJa ho jAne ke bAda kI sthiti me kyA koI dhyAna hotA hai ? yadi hotA hai to kauna-sA ? isakA uttara do prakAra se milatA hai : 1. viharamANa sarvajJa kI dazA me dhyAnAntarikA kahakara usame adhyAnitva hI mAnakara koI dhyAna svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai / 2. sarvajJadazA me mana, vacana aura zarIra ke vyApArasambandhI sudRDha prayatna ko hI dhyAna ke rUpa me mAna liyA gayA hai| 3. kAla kA parimAraNa-uparyukta eka dhyAna adhika-se-adhika antarmuhUrta taka hI TikatA hai, bAda meM use TikAnA kaThina hai, ataH usakA kAlaparimANa antarmuhUrta hai| kaI loga zvAsa-ucchvAsa roka rakhane ko hI dhyAna mAnate haiM tathA anya

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224 tattvArthasUtra [9. 29-30 kucha loga mAtrA se kAla kI gaNanA karane ko hI dhyAna mAnate hai / parantu jainaparamparA me yaha kathana svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kyoki yadi sampUrNatayA zvAsaucchavAsa kriyA roka dI jAya to zarIra hI nahIM ttikegaa| isalie manda yA mandatama zvAsa kA sacAra to dhyAnAvasthA me rahatA hI hai / isI prakAra jaba koI mAtrA se kAla ko ginegA taba to ginatI ke kAma me aneka kriyAe~ karane me laga jAne se usake mana ko ekAna ke sthAna para vyagra hI mAnanA paDegA / yahI kAraNa hai ki divasa, mAsa aura usase adhika samaya taka dhyAna ke Tikane ko lokamAnyatA bhI jainaparamparA ko grAhya nahI hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki lambe samaya taka dhyAna sAdhane se indriyoM kA upaghAta sambhava hai, ata. dhyAna ko antarmuharta se adhika kAla taka baDhAnA kaThina hai / 'eka divasa, eka ahorAtra athavA usase adhika samaya taka dhyAna kiyA' -isa kathana kA abhiprAya itanA hI hai ki utane samaya taka dhyAna kA pravAha calatA rahA / kisI bhI eka AlaMbana kA eka bAra dhyAna karake punaH usI Alambana kA kucha rUpAntara se yA dUsare hI Alambana kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai aura punaH isI prakAra Age bhI dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai to vaha dhyAnapravAha baDha jAtA hai / yaha antarmuhUrta kA kAlaparimANa chadmastha ke dhyAna kA hai / sarvajJa ke dhyAna kA kAlaparimANa to adhika bhI ho sakatA hai, kyoMki sarvajJa mana, vacana aura zarIra ke pravRttiviSayaka sudRDha prayatna ko adhika samaya taka bhI baDhA sakatA hai| jisa Alambana para dhyAna calatA hai vaha Alambana sampUrNa dravyarUpa na hokara usakA ekadeza ( eka paryAya ) hotA hai, kyoki dravya kA cintana usake kisI-nakisI paryAya dvArA hI sambhava hotA hai / 27-28 / dhyAna ke bheda aura unakA phala AtaraudradharmazuklAni / 29 / pare mokSahetU / 30 / Arta, raudra, dharma aura zukla-ye dhyAna ke cAra prakAra haiN| anta ke do dhyAna mokSa ke kAraNa hai| ukta cAra me se Arta aura raudra ye do dhyAna saMsAra ke kAraNa hone se duni hai aura heya (tyAjya ) hai / dharma aura zukla ye do dhyAna mokSa ke kAraNa hone se dhyAna hai aura upAdeya ( grAhya ) hai / 29-30 / 1. 'a, 3' Adi eka-eka hrasva svara ke uccAraNa meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai use eka mAtrA kahate hai / svarahIna vyaJjana ke uccAraNa me ardhamAtrA jitanA samaya lagatA hai| mAtrA yA arthamAtrA parimita samaya ko jAnane kA abhyAsa karake usI ke anusAra anya kriyAoM ke samaya kI gaNanA karanA ki amuka kAma me itano mAtrAe~ huI...mAtrA dvArA kAla kI gaNanA kahalAtI hai|

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9. 31-35 ] ArtadhyAna cAroM dhyAnoM ke bheda aura adhikArI ArtadhyAna ArtamamanojJAnAM samprayoge tadviprayogAya smRtisama nvAhAraH / 31 / vedanAyAzca / 32 // viparItaM manojJAnAm / 33 / nidAnaM ca / 34 / tadaviratadezaviratapramattasaMyatAnAm / 35 / apriya vastu ke prApta hone para usake viyoga ke lie satata cintA karanA pahalA ArtadhyAna hai / 225 duHkha A par3ane para usake nivAraNa kI satata cintA karanA dUsarA ArtadhyAna hai / priya vastu kA viyoga hone para usakI prApti ke lie satata cintA karanA tIsarA ArtadhyAna hai / aprApta vastu kI prApti ke lie saMkalpa karanA yA satata cintA karanA cauthA ArtadhyAna hai / vaha ( ArtadhyAna ) avirata, dezavirata aura pramattasaMyata -- ina guNasthAnoM meM hI sambhava hai / gayA hai / dukha kI yahA~ ArtadhyAna ke bheda aura usake adhikArI kA nirUpaNa kiyA arti kA artha hai pIr3A yA duHkha, usame se jo utpanna ho vaha Arta / utpatti ke mukhya kAraNa cAra hai - 1. aniSTa vastu kA saMyoga, 2 . iSTa vastu kA viyoga, 3. pratikUla vedanA aura 4. bhoga kI lAlasA / inhIM ke AdhAra para ArtadhyAna ke cAra prakAra kahe gaye hai / 1. aniSTa vastu kA saMyoga hone para tadbhava duHkha se vyAkula AtmA use dUra karane ke lie jo satata cintA karatA rahatA hai vahI aniSTasaMyoga - ArtadhyAna hai / 2. isI prakAra kisI iSTa vastu kA viyoga ho jAne para usakI prApti ke lie satata cintA karanA iSTaviyoga-ArtadhyAna hai / 3. zArIrika yA mAnasika pIDA hone para usake nivAraNa kI vyAkulatApUrvaka cintA karanA rogacintA - ArtadhyAna hai / 4. bhogoM kI lAlasA kI utkaTatA ke kAraNa aprApta vastu ko prApta karane kA tIvra saMkalpa nidAnaArtadhyAna hai / 15 For Private Personal Use Only

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tattvArtha sUtra [ 9. 36-38 prathama ke cAra tathA dezavirata va pramattasaMyata ina chaH guNasthAnoM meM ukta ArtadhyAna sambhava hai | iname bhI pramattasaMyata guNasthAna me nidAna ko chor3akara tIna hI ArtadhyAna sambhava hai / 31-35 / 226 raudradhyAna hiMsA'nRtasteyaviSaya saMrakSaNebhyo raudramaviratadezaviratayoH / 36 / hiMsA, asatya, corI aura viSayarakSaNa ke lie satata cintA karanA rodradhyAna hai, jo avirata aura dezavirata meM sambhava hai / prastuta sUtra me raudradhyAna ke bheda aura usake adhikAriyoM kA varNana hai / raudradhyAna ke cAra bheda usake kAraNoM ke AdhAra para ArtadhyAna kI bhA~ti hI batalAe gae hai / jisakA citta krUra va kaThora hotA hai vaha rudra kahalAtA hai aura aisI AtmA dvArA kiyA jAnevAlA dhyAna raudra hai / hisA karane, jhUTha bolane, corI karane aura prApta viSayoM ke saMrakSaNa kI vRtti se krUratA va kaThoratA utpanna hotI hai / inhI ke kAraNa jo satata cintA hotI hai vaha kramazaH hisAnubandhI, anRtAnubandhI, steyAnubandhI aura viSayasaMrakSaNAnubandhI raudradhyAna hai / isa dhyAna ke svAmI yA adhikArI pahale pA~ca guNasthAnavAle hote hai / 36 / dharmadhyAna AjJA'pAyavipAkasaMsthAnavicayAya dharmamapramattasaMyatasya / 37 / upazAntakSINakaSAyayozca / 38 / AjJA, apAya, vipAka aura saMsthAna kI vicAraNA ke lie manovRtti ko ekAgra karanA dharmadhyAna hai, jo apramattasayata meM sambhava hai / vaha dharmadhyAna upazAntamoha aura kSINamoha guNasthAnoM meM bhI sambhava hai / yahA~ dharmadhyAna ke bheda aura usake adhikAriyoM kA nirdeza hai / yoga - 1. vItarAga tathA sarvajJa puruSa kI AjJA kyA hai aura vaha kaisI honI cAhie ? isakI parIkSA karake vaisI AjJA kA patA lagAne ke lie manoyoga lagAnA AjJAvicaya- dharmadhyAna hai / 2. doSo ke svarUpa aura unase chuTakArA pAne ke vicArArtha manoyoga lagAnA apAyavicaya - dharmadhyAna hai / 3. anubhava me AnevAle vipAkoM meM se kauna-kauna-sA vipAka kisa-kisa karma kA AbhArI hai tathA amuka karma kA amuka vipAka sambhava hai isake vicArArtha manoyoga lagAnA vipAkavicaya For Private Personal Use Only

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9 39-46 ] zukladhyAna 227 dharmadhyAna hai| 4. lokasvarUpa kA vicAra karane meM manoyoga lagAnA saMsthAnavicaya-dharmadhyAna hai| svAmI-dharmadhyAna ke svAmiyoM (adhikAriyoM) ke viSaya meM zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAo me mataikya nahI hai| zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anusAra ukta do sUtroM meM nirdiSTa sAtaveM, gyArahave aura bArahaveM guNasthAnoM meM tathA isa kathana se sacita AThaveM Adi bIca ke tIna guNasthAno me arthAt sAtaveM se bArahave taka ke chahoM guNasthAno me dharmadhyAna sambhava hai| digambara paramparA me cauthe se sAtaveM taka ke cAra guNasyAno meM hI dharmadhyAna kI sambhAvanA mAnya hai| usakA tarka yaha hai ki zreNI ke Arambha ke pUrva taka hI samyagdRSTi me dharmadhyAna sambhava hai aura zreNI kA Arambha AThave guNasthAna se hone ke kAraNa AThave Adi me yaha dhyAna kisI bhI prakAra sambhava nahIM hai / 37-38 / zukladhyAna zukle cAdye pUrvavidaH' / 39 / pare kevalinaH / 40 / pRthaktvaikatvavitarkasUkSmakriyApratipAtivyuparatakriyAnivRttIni / 41 / tatryekakAyayogAyogAnAm / 42 / ekAzraye savitarke pUrve / 43 / avicAraM dvitIyam / 44 // vitarka. zrutam / 45 / vicAro'rthavyaJjanayogasaGkrAntiH / 46 / upazAntamoha aura kSINamoha meM pahale ke do zukladhyAna sambhava hai / ye do zukladhyAna pUrvadhara ko hote hai / ___ bAda ke do kevalI ko hote haiM / 1. 'pUrvavidaH' aMza prastuta satra kA hI hai aura itanA sUtra alaga nahIM hai, yaha bhASya ke TIkAkAra kA kathana hai / digaMbara paraMparA meM bhI isa aMza ko satra ke rUpa meM alaga sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai| ataH yahA~ bhI vaise hI rakhA gayA hai| phira bhI bhASya se spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki 'pUrvavidaH' svataMtra sUtra hai / 2. prastuta sUtra meM adhikatara 'avIcAra' rUpa hI dekhane meM AtA hai, phira bhI yahA~ sUtra va vivecana meM hasva 'vi' ke prayoga dvArA ekatA rakhI gaI hai|

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228 tattvArthasUtra [ 9. 39-46 pRthaktvavitarka, ekatvavitarka, sUkSmakriyApratipAtI aura vyuparatakriyAnivRtti--ye cAra zukladhyAna hai| vaha ( zukladhyAna ) anukrama se tIna yomavAle, kisI eka yogavAle, kAyayogavAle aura yogarahita ko hotA hai| pahale ke do ekAzrita evaM savitarka hote haiM / inameM se pahalA savicAra hai, dUsarA avicAra hai ! vitarka arthAt shrut| vicAra arthAt artha, vyaJjana eva yoga ko saMkrAnti / yahA~ zukladhyAna se sambandhita svAmI, bheda aura svarUpa ye tIna bAteM varNita hai| svAmI svAmI-viSayaka kathana yahA~ do prakAra se kiyA gayA hai-pahalA guNasthAna kI dRSTi se aura dUsarA yoga kI dRSTi se / guNasthAna kI dRSTi se zukladhyAna ke cAra bhedoM meM se pahale do bhedoM ke svAmI gyArahaveM aura bArahave guNasthAnavAle hI hote hai jo ki pUrvadhara bhI hoN| 'pUrvadhara' vizeSaNa se sAmAnyataH yaha abhiprAya hai ki jo pUrvadhara na ho para gyAraha Adi aGgoM kA dhAraka ho usake gyArahave-bArahave guNasthAna meM zukladhyAna na hokara dharmadhyAna hI hogaa| isa sAmAnya vidhAna kA eka apavAda yaha hai ki jo pUrvadhara na hoM una mASatuSa, marudevI Adi jaisI AtmAoM me bhI zukladhyAna sambhava hai| zukladhyAna ke zeSa do bhedoM ke svAmI kevalI arthAt terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNasthAnavAle hI hai| yoga kI dRSTi se tIna yogavAlA hI cAra me se pahale zukladhyAna kA svAmI hotA hai / mana, vacana aura kAya me se kisI bhI eka yogavAlA zukladhyAna ke dUsare bheda kA svAmI hotA hai| isa dhyAna ke tIsare bheda kA svAmI kevala kAyayogavAlA aura cauthe bheda kA svAmI ekamAtra ayogI hotA hai| bheda-zukladhyAna ke bhI anya dhyAnoM kI bhAMti cAra bheda hai, jo isake cAra pAye bhI kahalAte hai| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM-1 pRthaktvavitarkasavicAra, 2 ekatvavitarka-nivicAra, 3. sUkSmakriyApratipAtI, 4. vyuparatakriyAnivRtti ( samucchinnakriyAnivRtti ) / pahale do zukladhyAnoM kA Azraya eka hai arthAt una donoM kA Arambha pUrvajJAnadhArI AtmA dvArA hotA hai| isIlie ye donoM dhyAna vitarka-zrutajJAna

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9. 39-46 ] zukladhyAna 229 sahita hai| donoM me vitarka kA sAmya hone para bhI yaha vaiSamya hai ki pahale meM pRthaktva ( bheda ) hai, jaba ki dUsare me ekatva ( abheda ) hai| isI prakAra pahale meM vicAra ( sakrama ) hai, jaba ki dUsare me vicAra nahI hai| isI kAraNa ina donoM dhyAno ke nAma kramazaH pRthaktvavitarka-savicAra aura ekatvavitarka-nirvicAra hai / pRthaktvavitarka-savicAra -jaba dhyAna karanevAlA pUrvadhara ho taba vaha pUrvagata zruta ke AdhAra para aura jaba pUrvadhara na ho taba apane me sambhAvita zruta ke AdhAra para kisI bhI paramANu Adi jaDa meM yA AtmarUpa cetana me-eka dravya me utpatti, sthiti, nAza, mUrtatva, amUrtatva Adi aneka paryAyo kA dravyAstika, paryAyAstika Adi vividha nayo ke dvArA bhedapradhAna cintana karatA hai aura yathAsambhava zrutajJAna ke AdhAra para kisI eka dravyarUpa artha para se dUsare dravyarUpa artha para yA eka dravyarUpa artha para se paryAyarUpa anya artha para athavA eka paryAyarUpa artha para se anya paryAyarUpa artha para yA eka paryAyarUpa artha para se anya dravyarUpa artha para cintana ke lie pravRtta hotA hai| isI prakAra artha para se zabda para aura zabda para se artha para cintana ke lie pravRtta hotA hai tathA mana Adi kisI bhI eka yoga ko chor3akara anya yoga kA avalambana letA hai, taba vaha dhyAna pRthaktvavitarka-savicAra kahalAtA hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki isame vitarka (zrutajJAna ) kA avalambana lekara kisI bhI eka dravya me usake paryAyo ke bheda ( pRthaktva ) kA vividha dRSTiyo se cintana kiyA jAtA hai aura zrutajJAna ko avalambita karake eka artha para se dUsare artha para, eka zabda para se dUsare zabda para, artha para se zabda para, zabda para se artha para tathA eka yoga se dUsare yoga para saMkrama ( saMcAra) karanA paDatA hai| ekaktvavitarka-nivicAra-ukta kathana ke viparIta jaba dhyAna karanevAlA apane me sambhAvya zruta ke AdhAra para kisI eka hI paryAyarUpa artha ko lekara usa para ekatva ( abhedapradhAna ) cintana karatA hai aura mana Adi tIna yogo me se kisI eka hI yoga para aTala rahakara zabda aura artha ke cintana evaM bhinnabhinna yogo me saMcAra kA parivartana nahIM karatA, taba vaha dhyAna ekatvavitarkanirvicAra kahalAtA hai, kyoki isame vitarka ( zrutajJAna ) kA avalambana hone para bhI ekatva ( abheda ) kA cintana pradhAna rahatA hai aura artha, zabda athavA yogo kA parivartana nahI hotaa| ukta donoM meM se pahale bhedapradhAna kA abhyAsa dRDha ho jAne ke bAda hI dUsare abhedapradhAna dhyAna kI yogyatA prApta hotI hai / jaise samagra zarIra meM vyApta sarpAdi ke jahara ko mantra Adi upacAro se DaMka kI jagaha lAkara sthApita kiyA jAtA hai

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230 tattvArthasUtra [ 9. 47 vaise hI sampUrNa jagat me bhinna-bhinna viSayoM me asthira rUpa me bhaTakate hue mana ko dhyAna ke dvArA kisI bhI eka viSaya para kendrita karake sthira kiyA jAtA hai| sthiratA dRDha ho jAne para jaise bahuta-sA Idhana nikAla lene aura bace hue thor3e se iMdhana ko sulagA dene se athavA pUre IMdhana ko haTA dene se Aga bujha jAtI hai vaise hI uparyukta krama se eka viSaya para sthiratA prApta hote ho mana bhI sarvathA zAnta ho jAtA hai arthAt caMcalatA miTa jAne se niSprakampa bana jAtA hai| pariNAmataH jJAna ke sakala AvaraNoM kA vilaya ho jAne para sarvajJatA prakaTa hotI hai / sUkSmakriyApratipAtI-jaba sarvajJa bhagavAn yoganirodha ke krama me' antataH sUkSmazarIra yoga kA Azraya lekara zeSa yogoM ko roka dete hai taba vaha sUkSmakriyApratipAtI dhyAna kahalAtA hai, kyoMki usame zvAsa-ucchvAsa ke samAna sUkSmakriyA hI zeSa raha jAtI hai aura usase patana bhI sambhava nahI hai / ___ samucchinnakriyAnivRtti-jaba zarIra kI zvAsa-prazvAsa Adi sUkSma kriyAe~ bhI banda ho jAtI hai aura Atmapradeza sarvathA niSprakampa ho jAte hai taba vaha samucchinnakriyAnivRtti dhyAna kahalAtA hai, kyoki isame sthUla yA sUkSma kisI bhI prakAra kI mAnasika, vAcika, kAyika kriyA nahI hotI aura vaha sthiti bAda meM naSTa bhI nahI hotI / isa caturtha dhyAna ke prabhAva se samasta Asrava aura bandha ke nirodhapUrvaka zeSa karmo ke kSINa ho jAne se mokSa prApta hotA hai| tIsare aura cauthe zukladhyAna me kisI bhI prakAra ke zrutajJAna kA AlaMbana nahI hotA, ata. ve dono anAlaMbana bhI kahalAte hai / 39-46 / samyagdRSTiyoM kI karmanirjarA kA taratamabhAva samyagdRSTizrAvakaviratAnantaviyojakadarzanamohakSapakopazamakopazAntamohakSapakakSINamohajinAH kramazo'saGkhyeyaguNanirjarAH / 47 / samyagdRSTi, zrAvaka, virata, anantAnubandhiviyojaka, darzanamohakSapaka, upazamaka, upazAntamoha, kSapaka, kSINamoha aura jina--ye dasa kramazaH asaMkhyayaguNa nirjarAvAle hote hai / 1. yaha krama yoM hai-sthUla kAyayoga ke Azraya se vacana aura mana ke sthUla yoga ko sakSma banAyA jAtA hai, usake bAda vacana aura mana ke sUkSma yoga ko avalambita karake zarIra ke sthUla yoga ko sUkSma banAyA jAtA hai| phira zarIra ke sakSma yoga ko avalambita karake vacana aura mana ke sakSma yoga kA nirodha kiyA jAtA hai aura anta meM sakSmazarIrayoga kA bhI nirodha kiyA jAtA hai /

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9. 48 ] nirgrantha ke bheda 231 sarva karmabandhanoM kA sarvathA kSaya hI mokSa hai aura karmoM kA aMzataH kSaya nirjarA hai / donoM ke lakSaNoM para vicAra karane se spaSTa hai ki nirjarA mokSa kA pUrvagAmI aMga hai / prastuta zAstra meM mokSatattva kA pratipAdana mukhya hai, ataH usakI nitAnta aMgabhUta nirjarA kA vicAra karanA bhI yahA~ upayukta hai / isalie yadyapi sakala saMsArI AtmAo me karmanirjarA kA krama jArI rahatA hai tathApi yahA~ viziSTa AtmAoM ko hI karmanirjarA ke krama kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai / ve viziSTa arthAt mokSAbhimukha AtmAeM hai / yathArtha mokSAbhimukhatA samyagdRSTi kI prApti se hI prArambha ho jAtI hai aura vaha jina ( sarvajJa ) avasthA me pUrI hotI hai / sthUladRSTi kI prApti se lekara sarvajJadazA taka mokSAbhimukhatA ke dasa vibhAga kie gae hai, jinameM pUrva-pUrva kI apekSA uttara - uttara vibhAga meM pariNAma kI vizuddhi savizeSa hotI hai / pariNAma kI vizuddhi jitanI adhika hogI, karmanirjarA bhI utanI hI vizeSa hogI / ataH prathama- prathama avasthA me jitanI karmanirjarA hotI hai usakI apekSA Age-Age kI avasthA me pariNAmavizuddhi kI vizeSatA ke kAraNa karmanirjarA bhI asaMkhyAtagunI baDhatI jAtI hai / isa prakAra bar3hate-bar3hate anta me sarvajJa - avasthA meM nirjarA kA pramANa sabase adhika ho jAtA hai / karmanirjarA ke isa taratamabhAva me sabase kama nirjarA samyagdRSTi kI aura sabase adhika nirjarA sarvajJa ko hotI hai / ina dasa avasthAoM kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai : 1. samyagdRSTi - jisa avasthA me mithyAtva dUra hokara samyaktva kA AvirbhAva hotA hai / 2. zrAvaka --- jisame apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya ke kSayopazama se alpAMza meM virati ( tyAga ) prakaTa hotI hai / 3 virata - jisameM pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya ke kSayopazama se sarvAza me virati prakaTa hotI hai / 4. anantaviyojaka -- jisame anantAnubandhI kaSAya kA kSaya karane yogya vizuddhi prakaTa hotI hai / 5. darzanamohakSapaka -- jisame darzanamoha kA kSaya karane yogya vizuddhi prakaTa hotI hai / 6. upazamaka - jisa avasthA meM moha kI zeSa prakRtiyo kA upazama jArI ho / 7. upazAntamoha - jisame upazama pUrNa ho cukA ho / 8. kSapaka - jisame moha kI zeSa prakRtiyo kA kSaya jArI ho / 9. kSINamoha - jisameM moha kA kSaya pUrNa siddha ho cukA ho / 10. jina - jisame sarvajJatA prakaTa ho gaI ho / 47 / nirgrantha ke bheda pulAkabakuzakuzIlanirgranthasnAtakA nirgranthAH / 48 / pulAka, bakuza, kuzIla, nirgrantha aura snAtaka - ye nirgrantha ke pA~ca prakAra haiM / For Private Personal Use Only

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232 tattvArthasUtra [ 9. 49 nirgrantha zabda kA tAttvika (nizcayanayasiddha ) artha bhinna hai aura vyAvahArika (sAmpradAyika ) artha bhinna hai| donoM artho ke ekIkaraNa ko hI yahAM nirgranthasAmAnya mAnakara usI ke pA~ca bheda kahe gae hai| nirgrantha vaha hai jisame rAgadvaSa kI gA~Tha bilakula na rahe / nirgrantha zabda kA yahI tAttvika artha hai / apUrNa hone para bhI tAttvika nirgranthatA kA abhilASI ho-bhaviSya me yaha sthiti prApta karanA cAhatA ho-vaha vyAvahArika nirgrantha hai / pA~ca bhedoM me se prathama tIna vyAvahArika hai aura zeSa do tAttvika / ina pA~ca bhedoM kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai : 1. pulAka-mUlaguNa tathA uttaraguNa me paripUrNatA prApta na karate hue bhI vItarAga-praNIta Agama se kabhI vicalita na honevAlA nirgrantha / 2. bakuzazarIra aura upakaraNa ke saMskAroM kA anusaraNa karanevAlA, siddhi tathA kIti kA abhilASI, sukhazIla, avivikta ( sasaMga), parivAravAlA tathA cheda (cAritra ) paryAya kI hAni tathA zabala aticAra doSoM se yukta nirgrantha / 3. kuzIla-isake do prakAra hai| indriyoM kA vazavartI hone se uttaraguNoM kI virAdhanAmUlaka pravRtti karanevAlA pratisevanA-kuzIla hai aura kabhI bhI tIvra kaSAya ke vaza na hokara kadAcit manda kaSAya ke vazIbhUta ho jAnevAlA kaSAya-kuzIla hai| 4. nirgrantha-sarvajJatA na hone para bhI jisame rAgadveSa kA atyanta abhAva ho aura antarmuhUrta ke bAda hI sarvajJatA prakaTa honevAlI ho / 5. snAtaka--jisame sarvajJatA prakaTa ho gaI ho / 48 / nirgranthoM kI vizeSatA-dyotaka ATha bAteM sNymshrutprtisevnaatiirthlinggleshyoppaatsthaanviklptHsaadhyaaH| 49 / saMyama, zruta, pratisevanA, tIrtha, liGga, lezyA, upapAta aura sthAna ke bheda se ina nirgranthoM kI vizeSatAe~ siddha hotI haiN| Upara jina pA~ca prakAra ke nirgranthoM kA varNana huA hai unakA vizeSa svarUpa jAnane ke lie yahA~ yaha vicAra kiyA gayA hai ki saMyama Adi ATha bAtoM kA pratyeka nirgrantha se kitanA sambandha hai| 1. saMyama-sAmAyika Adi pA~ca saMyamoM me se sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanIya ina do saMyamoM meM pulAka, bakuza aura pratisevanAkuzIla ye tIna nirgrantha hote hai; kaSAyakuzIla ukta do evaM parihAravizuddhi va sUkSmasamparAya ina cAra saMyamo meM hotA hai / nirgrantha aura snAtaka ekamAtra yathAkhyAtasaMyamavAle hote hai / 2. zruta-pulAka, bakuza aura pratisevanAkuzIla ina tInoM kA utkRSTa zruta pUrNa dazapUrva aura kaSAyakuzIla evaM nirgrantha kA utkRSTa zruta caturdaza pUrva hotA hai;

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9. 49 ] nirgranthoM kI vizeSatA-dyotaka ATha bAte 233 jaghanya zruta pulAka kA AcAravastu' hotA hai; bakuza, kuzIla evaM nigrantha kA aSTa pravacanamAtA ( pA~ca samiti aura tIna gupti ) pramANa hotA hai / snAtaka sarvajJa hone se zruta se pare hI hotA hai / 3. pratisevanA (virAdhanA )--pulAka pA~ca mahAvrata aura rAtribhojanaviramaNa ina chahoM meM se kisI bhI vrata kA dUsare ke dabAva yA balAtkAra ke kAraNa khaMDana karatA hai| kucha AcAryo ke mata se pulAka caturtha vrata kA virAdhaka hotA hai / bakuza do prakAra ke hote hai-upakaraNabakuza aura shriirbkush| upakaraNa me Asakta bakuza nAnA prakAra ke mUlyavAn aura aneka vizeSatAoM se yukta upakaraNa cAhatA hai, saMgraha karatA hai aura nitya unakA saMskAra karatA hai| zarIra meM Asakta bakuza zarIra-zobhA ke lie zarIra kA saMskAra karatA rahatA hai / pratisevanAkuzIla mUlaguNoM kI virAdhanA to nahIM karatA para uttaraguNoM kI kucha virAdhanA karatA hai| kaSAyakuzIla, nirgrantha aura snAtaka ke dvArA virAdhanA hotI hI nahI / 4. tIrtha ( zAsana )-pAMcoM prakAra ke nirgrantha tIrthaMkaroM ke zAsana me hote hai / kucha AcAryoM kA mata hai ki pulAka, bakuza aura pratisevanAkuzIla ye tIna tIrtha me nitya hote hai aura zeSa kaSAyakuzIla Adi tIrtha meM bhI hote hai aura atIrtha meM bhI hote hai| 5. liGga-liGga (cihna) do prakAra kA hotA hai-dravya aura bhAva / cAritraguNa bhAvaliGga hai aura viziSTa veza Adi bAhya svarUpa dravyaliGga hai / pA~coM prakAra ke nirgranthoM me bhAvaliGga avazya hotA hai, parantu dravyaliGga sabame hotA bhI hai aura nahI bhI hotaa| 6. lezyA-pulAka meM teja, padma aura zukla ye aMtima tIna lezyAe~ hotI hai| bakuza aura pratisevanAkuzIla meM chahoM lezyAe~ hotI hai| kaSAyakuzIla yadi parihAravizuddhi cAritravAlA ho taba to teja Adi tIna lezyAe~ hotI hai aura yadi sUkSmasamparAya cAritravAlA ho taba eka zukla lezyA hI hotI hai / nirgrantha aura snAtaka me zukla lezyA hI hotI hai / ayogI snAtaka alezya hI hotA hai / 7. upapAta (utpattisthAna )-pulAka Adi cAra nirgrantho kA jaghanya upapAta saudharma kalpa meM palyopamapRthavatva3 sthitivAle devoM me hotA hai, pulAka kA utkRSTa upapAta sahasrAra kalpa me bIsa sAgaropama kI sthiti me hotA hai| bakuza aura pratisevanAkuzIla kA utkRSTa upapAta AraNa aura acyuta kalpa meM bAIsa 1. isa nAma kA naveM pUrva kA tIsarA prakaraNa / 2. digambara granthoM meM cAra lezyAoM kA kathana hai / 3. digambara grantho meM do sAgaropama kI sthiti kA ullekha hai|

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234 tattvArtha sUtra [ 9.49 sAgaropama kI sthiti meM hotA hai / kaSAyakuzIla aura nirgrantha kA utkRSTa upapAta sarvArthasiddha vimAna meM taiMtIsa sAgaropama kI sthiti meM hotA hai / snAtaka kA nirvANa hI hotA hai / 8. sthAna ( saMyama ke sthAna - prakAra )- - kaSAya tathA yoga kA nigraha hI saMyama hai / saMyama sabhI kA sarvadA samAna nahI hotA, kaSAya aura yoga ke nigraha ke tAratamya ke anusAra hI saMyama meM bhI taratamatA hotI hai / jo nigraha kama-se-kama saMyamakoTi meM ginA jAtA hai vahA~ se saMpUrNa nigraharUpa saMyama taka nigraha kI tIvratAmandatA ko vividhatA ke kAraNa saMyama ke asaMkhyAta prakAra hai / ve sabhI prakAra ( bheda ) saMyamasthAna kahalAte hai / iname jahA~ taka kaSAya kA lezamAtra bhI sambandha ho vahA~ taka ke saMyamasthAna vaSAyanimittaka aura usake bAda ke yoganimittaka hai / yoga kA sarvathA nirodha ho jAne para prApta sthiti antima sayamasthAna hai / jaisejaise pUrva - pUrvavartI saMyamasthAna hogA vaise-vaise kASAyika pariNati vizeSa hogI aura jaise-jaise U~cA sayamasthAna hogA vaise-vaise kASAyika bhAva bhI kama hogA, isIlie Upara-Upara ke saMyamasthAno ko adhika-se-adhika vizuddhivAle sthAna jAnanA cAhie / yoganimittaka saMyamasthAnoM meM niSkaSAyatvarUpa vizuddhi samAna hone para bhI jaisejaise yoganirodha nyUnAdhika hotA hai vaise-vaise sthiratA bhI nyUnAdhika hotI hai, yoganirodha kI vividhatA ke kAraNa sthiratA bhI vividha prakAra kI hotI hai arthAt kevala yoganimittaka saMyamasthAna bhI asaMkhyAta prakAra ke hote hai / antima saMyamasthAna to eka hI ho sakatA hai jisame parama prakRSTa vizuddhi aura parama prakRSTa sthiratA hotI hai / ukta prakAra ke saMyamasthAno me se sabase jaghanya sthAna pulAka aura kaSAyakuzIla ke haiM / ye donoM asaMkhyAta saMyamasthAnoM taka sAtha hI baDhate jAte hai / usake bAda pulAka ruka jAtA hai, parantu kaSAyakuzIla akelA hI bAda meM bhI asaMkhyAta sthAnoM taka caDhatA jAtA hai / tatpazcAt asaMkhyAta saMyamasthAnoM taka kaSAyakuzIla, pratisevanAkuzIla aura bakuza eka sAtha baDhate jAte hai / usake bAda bakuza ruka jAtA hai, pratisevanAkuzIla bhI usake asaMkhyAta sthAno taka caDhakara ruka jAtA hai / tatpazcAt asaMkhyAta sthAno taka caDhakara kaSAyakuzIla ruka jAtA hai / tadanantara akaSAya arthAt kevala yoganimittaka saMyamasthAna Ate hai, jinhe nirgrantha prApta karatA hai aura vaha bhI usI prakAra asaMkhyAta sthAno taka jAkara ruka jAtA hai / sabake bAda eka mAtra antima, sarvopari, vizuddha aura sthira saMyama AtA hai, jisakA sevana karake snAtaka nirvANa prApta karatA hai / ukta sthAna asaMkhyAta hone para bhI unameM se pratyeka meM pUrva kI apekSA uttarasthAna kI zuddhi anantAnantagunI mAnI gaI hai / 49 /

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: 10 : mokSa naveM adhyAya me saMvara aura nirjarA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gyaa| aba isa dasarve aura antima adhyAya me mokSatattva kA nirUpaNa kiyA jA rahA hai / kaivalya kI utpatti ke hetu mohakSayAjjJAnadarzanAvaraNAntarAyakSayAcca kevalam / 1 / moha ke kSaya se aura jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa tathA antarAya ke kSaya se kevalajJAna prakaTa hotA hai / mokSa prApta hone se pahale kevala-upayoga ( sarvajJatva, sarvadarzitva) kI utpatti jainazAsana me anivArya mAnI gaI hai| isIlie mokSa ke svarUpa kA varNana karate samaya kevala-upayoga kina kAraNoM se hotA hai, yaha pahale hI batalA diyA gayA hai / pratibandhaka karma kA nAza ho jAne se sahaja cetanA nirAvaraNa ho jAtI hai aura isase kevala-upayoga kA AvirbhAva hotA hai / cAra pratibandhaka karmo me se pahale moha hI kSINa hotA hai aura phira antarmuhUrta ke bAda hI jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya aura antarAya ina tIna karmoM kA bhI kSaya ho jAtA hai| moha sabase adhika balavAn hai, ataH usake nAza ke bAda hI anya karmo kA nAza sambhava hai| kevalaupayoga arthAt sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM prakAra kA sampUrNa bodha / yahI sthiti sarvajJatva aura sarvadarzitva kI hai / 1 / karma ke Atyantika kSaya ke kAraNa aura mokSa kA svarUpa bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAm / 2 / kRtsnakarmakSayo mokSaH / 3 / bandhahetuoM ke abhAva aura nirjarA se karmoM kA Atyantika kSaya hotA hai| __ sampUrNa karmo kA kSaya hI mokSa hai / - 235 -

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236 tattvArthasUtra [10.4 eka bAra ba~dhe hue karma kA kabhI-na-kabhI to kSaya hotA hI hai, para vaise karma kA bandhana punaH sambhava ho athavA vaisA koI karma abhI zeSa ho to aisI sthiti me yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki kama kA Atyantika kSaya ho gayA hai / Atyantika kSaya kA artha hai pUrvabaddha karma tathA navIna karma ke bA~dhane kI yogyatA kA abhAva / mokSa kI sthiti karma ke Atyantika kSaya ke binA kadApi sambhava nahI, isIlie yahA~ Atyantika karma ke kSaya ke kAraNa varNita hai| ve do hai : 1. bandhahetuo kA abhAva aura 2. nirjarA / bandhahetuoM kA abhAva ho jAne se navIna karma baMdhate nahIM aura pahale ba~dhe hue karmo kA abhAva nirjarA se hotA hai / bandhahetu mithyAdarzana Adi pA~ca hai jinakA kathana pahale ho cukA hai / unakA abhAva samucita saMvara dvArA hotA hai aura tapa, dhyAna Adi dvArA nirjarA bhI hotI hai| mohanIya Adi pUrvokta cAra karmoM kA Atyantika kSaya ho jAne se vItarAgatA aura sarvajJatA prakaTa hotI hai, phira bhI vedanIya Adi cAra karma atyanta virala rUpa meM zeSa rahate hai jinake kAraNa mokSa nahIM hotaa| isIlie ina zeSa virala karmo kA kSaya bhI Avazyaka hai| isake bAda hI sampUrNa karmo kA abhAva hone se janma-maraNa kA cakra samApta ho jAtA hai / yahI mokSa hai / 2-3 / anya kAraNa aupazamikAdibhavyatvAbhAvAccAnyatra kevalasamyaktvajJAnadarzanasiddhatvebhyaH / 4 / kSAyikasamyaktva, kSAyikajJAna, kSAyikadarzana aura siddhatva ke atirikta aupazamika Adi bhAvoM tathA bhavyatva ke abhAva se mokSa prakaTa hotA hai| praudgalika karma ke Atyantika nAza kI bhAMti usa karma ke sAtha kitane hI sApekSa bhAvoM kA nAza bhI mokSaprApti ke pUrva Avazyaka hai| isIlie yahA~ vaise bhAvoM ke nAza kA mokSa ke kAraNarUpa se kathana kiyA gayA hai| aise mukhya bhAva cAra hai-1. aupazamika, 2. kSAyopazamika, 3. audayika aura 4. pAriNAmika / aupazamika Adi pahale tIna prakAra ke bhAva to sarvathA naSTa hote hI hai, para pAriNAmika bhAva ke bAre me yaha bAta nahI hai / pAriNAmika bhAvoM meM se mAtra bhavyatva kA hI nAza hotA hai, anya kA nahI, kyoki jIvatva, astitva Adi dUsare sabhI pAriNAmika bhAva mokSa-avasthA me bhI rahate hai / kSAyikabhAva karmasApekSa avazya hai, phira bhI usakA abhAva mokSa meM nahIM hotaa| isIlie sUtra me kSAyikasamyaktva Adi bhAvoM ke atirikta anya bhAvoM ke nAza ko mokSa kA

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10. 5-6 ] mukta jIva kA Urdhvagamana va sidhyamAna gati ke hetu 237 kAraNa kahA gayA hai / yadyapi sUtra me kSAyikavIrya, kSAyikacAritra aura kSAyikasukha Adi bhAvoM kA varjana kSAyikasamyaktva Adi kI taraha nahI kiyA gayA hai to bhI siddhatva ke artha me ina sabhI bhAvoM kA samAveza kara lene se ina bhAvoM kA varjana bhI gRhIta hai| 4 / mukta jIva kA mokSa ke bAda turanta Urdhvagamana tadanantaramUvaM gacchatyAlokAntAt / 5 / sampUrNa karmo kA kSaya hone ke pazcAt mukta jIva turanta loka ke anta taka Upara jAtA hai| sampUrNa karma aura tadAzrita aupazamika Adi bhAvoM kA nAza hote hI turanta eka sAtha eka samaya meM tIna kArya hote hai-1. zarIra kA viyoga, 2. sidhyamAna gati aura 3. lokAnta-prApti / 5 / sidhyamAna gati ke hetu pUrvaprayogAdasaGgatvAbandhacchedAttathAgatipariNAmAcca tdgtiH|6| pUrva prayoga se, saMga ke abhAva se, bandhana ke TUTane se aura vaisI gati ke pariNAma se mukta jIva Upara jAtA hai / ___ jIva karmo se chUTate ho tatkAla gati karatA hai, sthira nahIM rahatA / gati U~cI aura loka ke anta taka hI hotI hai, usase Upara nahI; yaha zAstrIya mAnyatA hai / yahA~ prazna uThatA hai ki karma yA zarIra Adi paulika padArtho kI sahAyatA ke binA amUrta jIva gati kaise karatA hai ? Urdhvagati hI kyoM, adhogati yA tirachI gati kyo nahI karatA ? ina praznoM ke uttara yahA~ diye gae hai| jIvadravya kA svabhAva pudgala dravya kI bhAMti gatizIla hai / antara itanA hI hai ki pudgala svabhAvataH adhogatizIla hai aura jIva uurdhvgtishiil| jIva anya pratibandhaka dravya ke saMga yA baMdhana ke kAraNa hI gati nahI karatA athavA nIcI yA tirachI dizA meM gati karatA hai| aisA dravya karma hai| karmasaMga chUTane para aura usake bandhana TUTane para koI pratibandhaka to rahatA nahI, ataH mukta jIva ko apane svabhAvAnusAra Urdhvagati karane kA avasara milatA hai / yahA~ pUrvaprayoga nimitta banatA hai arthAt usake nimitta se mukta jIva Urdhvagati karatA hai| pUrvaprayoga kA artha hai pUrvabaddha karma ke chUTa jAne ke bAda bhI usase prApta vega (Aveza ) / jaise kumhAra kA cAka DaMDe aura hAtha ke haTA lene ke bAda bhI pahale se prApta vega ke kAraNa ghUmatA rahatA hai vaise hI karmamukta jIva bhI pUrva-karma se prApta Aveza ke kAraNa

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tattvArtha sUtra [ 10.7 svabhAvAnusAra Urdhvagati hI karatA hai / jIva kI Urdhvagati loka ke anta se Upara nahI hotI, kyoki lokAnta ke Age dharmAstikAya kA abhAva hai / pratibandhaka karma dravya ke haTa jAne se jIva kI Urdhvagati ke lie tumbe aura eraMDa ke bIja kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai / aneka lepo se yukta tuMbA pAnI me paDA rahatA hai, parantu lepa ke haTate hI vaha svabhAvata pAnI ke Upara tairane lagatA hai / koza ( phalI ) me rahA huA eraMDa-bIja phalI ke TUTate hI chiTakakara upara uThatA hai / isI prakAra karma-bandhana ke TUTate hI jIva bhI udhvaMgAmI hotA hai / 6 / 238 siddho kI vizeSatA dyotaka bAraha bAte kSetra kAlagati liGgatIrthacAritrapratyekabuddhabodhita jJAnAvagAhanAntarasaMkhyAlpabahutvataH sAdhyAH / 7 / kSetra, kAla, gati, liGga, tIrtha, cAritra, pratyekabuddhabodhita, jJAna, avagAhanA, antara, sakhyA aura alpa - bahutva - ina bAraha bAtoM dvArA siddhoM kI vizeSatAoM kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / siddha jIvoM ke svarUpa ko vizeSa rUpa se jAnane ke lie bAraha bAto kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ pratyeka bAta ke AdhAra para siddhoM ke svarUpa kA vicAra abhipreta hai / yadyapi sabhI siddha jIvo me gati, liGga Adi sAMsArika bhAvoM ke na rahane se koI vizeSa bheda nahI rahatA tathApi bhUtakAla kI dRSTi se uname bhI bheda kI kalpanA aura vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / yahA~ kSetra Adi jina bAraha bAtoM se vicAra kiyA gayA hai uname se pratyeka ke viSaya me yathAsambhava bhUta aura vartamAna dRSTi lagA lenI cAhie / 1. kSetra ( sthAna ) - vartamAna bhAva kI dRSTi se sabhI mukta jIvoM ke siddha hone kA sthAna eka hI siddhakSetra arthAt Atmapradeza yA AkAzapradeza hai / bhUta bhAva kI dRSTi se inake siddha hone kA sthAna eka nahI hai, kyoki janma kI dRSTi se pandraha me se bhinna-bhinna karmabhUmiyo se aura saMharaNa kI dRSTi se samagra manuSyakSetra se siddha ho sakate hai / siddha hote hai, 2. kAla ( avasaraNI Adi laukika kAla ) - vartamAna dRSTi se siddha hone kA koI laukika kAlacakra nahI hai, kyoki eka hI samaya me siddha hote hai / bhUta dRSTi se janma kI apekSA se avasarpiNI, utsarpiNI tathA anavasarpiNI, anutsarpiNI me janme jIva siddha hote hai / isI prakAra saMharaNa kI apekSA se ukta sabhI kAlo meM siddha hote hai / For Private Personal Use Only

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no manaSyagati se aura antima se pahale ke ina kA vicAra tA) se hI siddha hote haiM aura dravyaliGga kA vicAra 10.7 ] siddhoM kI vizeSatA-dyotaka bAraha bAteM 239 3 gali-vartamAna daSTi se siddhagati ma hA siddha hAta hai| bhata ho antima bhAva ko lekara vicAra kare to manuSyagati se aura bhAva ko lekara vicAra kareM to cAro gatiyo se siddha hote hai| 4 liGga--liGga veda yA cihna ko kahate hai| pahale jara vartamAna dRSTi se aveda hI siddha hote hai| bhUta dRSTi se strI, tIno vedo se siddha ho sakate hai / dUsare artha ke anusAra vartamAna hI siddha hote hai, bhUta dRSTi se yadi bhAvaliGga arthAt Antarika ra kareM to svaliGga ( vItarAgatA ) se hI siddha hote hai aura dravyAli kare to svaliGga ( jainaliGga), paraliGga ( jainetara panthI gRhasthaliGga ina tInoM liGgo se siddha hote hai / 5. tIrtha--koI tIrthaMkararUpa me aura koI atIrthakararUpa meM hai atIrthaMkara meM koI tIrtha pravartita ho taba hote hai aura koI no taba bhI hote hai| 6 cAritra--vartamAna dRSTi se siddha jIva na to cAritrI ra acAritrI / bhUta dRSTi se yadi antima samaya ko le taba to pAkhyAtacAritrI hI siddha hote hai aura usake pUrva samaya ko leM to tIna, cAra ta se siddha hote hai / sAmAyika, sUkSmasamparAya aura yathAkhyAna athavA chedopasthApanIya, sUkSmasamparAya aura yathAkhyAta ye tIna; sA vizuddhi, sUkSmasamparAya aura yathAkhyAta ye cAra evaM sAmAyika parihAravizuddhi, sUkSmasamparAya aura yathAkhyAta ye pA~ca cAritra 7 pratyekabaddhabodhita--pratyekabodhita aura buddhabodhita dono jo kisI ke upadeza ke binA apanI jJAna-zakti se hI bodha prApta hai aise svayaMbuddha do prakAra ke hai-eka to arihata aura dUsare hA jo kisI ekAdha bAhya nimitta se vairAgya aura jJAna prApta kara ye dono pratyekabodhita hai| jo dUsare jJAnI se upadeza grahaNa kara ve buddhabodhita hai / inameM bhI koI to dUsare ko bodha karAnevAle hote mAtra Atma-kalyANasAdhaka hote hai| 8. jJAna--vartamAna dRSTi se mAtra kevalajJAnI hI siddha hote se do, tIna, cAra jJAnavAle bhI siddha hote haiN| do arthAt mati aura arthAt mati, zruta, avadhi athavA mati, zruta, manaHparyAya; cAra alI avadhi aura manaHparyAya / cAra tathA pA~ca cAritroM ye tI . yathAkhyAta ye tIna; sAmAyika, parihArayAta ye cAra evaM sAmAyika, chedopasthApanIya, yathAkhyAta ye pA~ca cAritra jAnane cAhie / na kevalajJAnI hI siddha hote hai| bhUta dRSTi tIna

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240 tattvArthasUtra [10.7 9. avagAhanA ( U~cAI ) jaghanya aMgulapRthaktvahIna sAta hAtha aura utkR! pAMca sau dhanuSa ke Upara dhanuSapRthaktva jitanI avagAhanA se siddha ho sakate hai, yaha bhUta dRSTi kI apekSA se kahA gayA hai| vartamAna dRSTi se jisa avagAhanA se siddha huA ho usI kI do-tRtIyAMza avagAhanA hotI hai| 10. antara (vyavadhAna)-kisI eka ke siddha hone ke bAda turanta hI jaba dUsarA jIva siddha hotA hai to use 'nirantara-siddha' kahate haiN| jaghanya do samaya aura utkRSTa ATha samaya taka nirantara-siddhi calatI rahatI hai / jaba kisI kI siddhi ke bAda amuka samaya vyatIta ho jAne para koI siddha hotA hai taba vaha 'sAntarasiddha' kahalAtA hai / donoM ke bIca kI siddhi kA antara jaghanya eka samaya aura utkRSTa chaH bhAsa kA hotA hai| 11. saMkhyA-eka samaya me jaghanya ( kama-se-kama ) eka aura utkRSTa ( adhika-se-adhika ) eka sau ATha siddha hote hai| 12. alpabahutva-kSetra Adi jina gyAraha bAtoM kA vicAra Upara kiyA gayA hai unake viSaya me saMbhAvya bhedoM kI paraspara meM nyUnAdhikatA kA vicAra karanA hI alpabahutva hai| jaise kSetrasiddha meM saharaNa-siddha kI apekSA janmasiddha saMkhyAtaguNAdhika hote hai| Urdhvalokasiddha sabase kama hote hai, adholokasiddha unase saMkhyAtaguNAdhika aura tiryaglokasiddha unase bhI saMkhyAtaguNAdhika hote hai / samudrasiddha sabase kama hote hai aura dvIpasiddha unase saMkhyAtaguNAdhika hote hai / isI prakAra kAla Adi pratyeka bAta se alpabahutva kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| vizeSa jijJAsu anya granthoM se adhika jJAna prApta kara sakate hai /

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a aMgulAsaMkhyAta 123 aMgulA saMkhyeya 121, 122 aMgopAga 125, 197, 199 akarmabhUmi 80, 93 akaSAya 150 akAmanirjarA 156, 157, 160, 162 akAlamRtyu 79 akRtAgama 80 akSigrAhI 16, 17 agarbhaja paJcendriya 68 agArI 180 agurulaghu 127, 128, 144, 197, 200, 205 agnikumAra 97, 99, 100 agnipraveza 160, 162 agnimANava 97 agnizikha 97 aDga 25, 228 apraviSTa 25 acAkSuSa 132-134 acitta 67, 68 acaukSa 101 acaurya aNuvrata 185 anukramaNikA aGgabAhya 25 acakSurdarzana 49, 53, 59, 197 acakSurdarzanAvaraNa 49, 198 16 196, acauryavrata 168 acyuta 97, 99, 100, 104, 110, 111, 233 ajaghanyaguNa 139 ajIva 5, 114, 115, 118, 154 ajIvakA 114 ajIvatattva 6 ajIvAdhikaraNa 154 ajJAtabhAva 153 ajJAna 34, 47, 53, 159, 213 215 aJjanA 84 aJjalikarma 107 aNimA 104 aNu 118, 131, 132 aNupracaya 122 aNuvrata 168, 180, 181 aNuvratadhArI 180, 181 aNDaja 67, 69 atikAya 97, 101 aticAra 183, 185, 190 atithisaMvibhAga 180, 182 atithisaMvibhAgavata 186, 190 atipuruSa 101 atibhAra 185 atibhArAropaNa 187 atirUpa 101 249 - For Private Personal Use Only

Page #408
242 atisarga 190 atIta 102 atItakAla 103 atIndriya 117, 125, 133 atIrthaMkara 239 athAkhyAta 218 adattAdAna 177 adarzana 53, 213-215 adharma 114, 118, 120, 124 adharmAstikAya 114, 115, 117, 118, 124, 125, 144 adhastAraka 101 adhikaraNa 8, 9, 153, 154 adhigama 4 adhigama samyagdarzana 5 adhogati 237 adhobhAga 83 agholoka 83 adholokasiddha 240 adhobhyatikrama 186, 188 adhyavasAya 75 adhruva 18 adhruvagrAhI 16, 18 anaGgakrIDA 185, 188 tattvArtha sUtra anagAra 180 ananta 1, 11, 103, 118, 123, 124, 131, 132, 142, 145 anantaguNa 70 anantaviyojaka 231 anantANu 133 anantANuka 121 anantAnanta 118, 119, 123, 132 141, 203 anantAnantANuka 121 anantAnubandhiviyojaka 230 anantAnubandhI 49, 197, 198 anapavartanA 79 anapavartanIya 78-81, 87 anabhigRhIta 193 anarthadaNDavirati 180, 182 arpaNA 137 arpita 136 anavakAkSakriyA 152 anavasarpiNI 238 anavasthita 28 anazana 160, 162, 182, 218, 219 anAkAra upayoga 52 anAgatakAla 103 anAcAra 190 anAdara 186, 189 anAdi 73, 142, 146, 147 anAdibhAva 73 anAdeya 196, 197, 200, 205 anAgAmika 28 anAbhogakriyA 152 anAbhoganikSepa 155 anAsakti 172 anAhAraka 63, 66 ani sRtAvagraha 17 anityatva 130 anitya 138 anitya- avaktavya 138 anityAnuprekSA 211 anindita 101 For Private Personal Use Only

Page #409
anukramaNikA 243 anindriya 14, 58, 60 anivRttibAdarasamparAya 201 anizrita 16,17 anizritagrAhI 16,17 aniSTasaMyoga ArtadhyAna 224 anoka 96 anukampA 4, 160, 171 anuktAvagraha 18 anucintana 211 anujJApitapAnabhojana 168, 169 anutaTa 130 anuttara 104, 109 anuttaravimAna 112 anuttaraupapAtikadazA 26 anutsarpiNo 238 anuroka 163 anupasthApana 186 anuprekSA 206, 211, 221 anubhAga 192 anubhAgabandha 150, 164, 165 anubhAva 106, 107, 194, 202 anubhAvabandha 195, 201, 202 anumata 154 anumAna 50, 131 anuyoga 8 anuvociavagrahayAcana 168, 169 anvIcibhASaNa 168, 169 anuzreNi 64 anRta 176 anRtAnubandhI 226 anekanva 137, 138 anekAnta 136 antakRddazA 26 antara 8, 10 238 antara ( vyavadhAna ) 240 antarAya 49, 156, 163, 195 197,200, 201, 205, 235 antarAya karma 156, 158 antarAla 63 antarAla gati 63, 65, 66, 75 antarvIpa 80, 91, 92 antardhAna 185 antarmuhUrta 79, 89, 94, 107, 223, 235 antya 129-131 andhakAra 128 annapAnanirodha 185, 187 anyatva 50 anyatvAnuprekSA 212 anyadRSTiprazaMsA 183 anyadRSTisaMstava 183 apacaya 73 aparatva 126, 127 aparA ( jaghanya sthiti ) 111 aparAjita 99, 100, 104, 109 aparigRhItAgamana 185, 188 aparigraha-aNuvrata 185 aparigrahabata 169, 188 aparyApta 196,197, 200, 205 apavartanA 79 apavartanIya 79-81 apavAda 210 apAna 126 apAya 226

Page #410
244 tattvArthamUtra apAyavicaya dharmadhyAna 226 apApudgalaparAvarta 10 apUrvakaraNa 5 apekSA 36 apekSAvAda 36 apratighAta 73 apratirUpa 97 apratiSThAna 85 apratyavekSita 186, 189 apratyavekSitanikSepa 155 apratyAkhyAna 197 apratyAkhyAnakriyA 152 apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa 198 apramatta 176 apramattabhAva 75 apramattasaMyata 226 apramAda 157 apramArjita 185, 186, 189 apravIcAra 98 aprazastavihAyogati 205 aprApyakArI 23 abaddha 131 abrahma 149, 151, 176-178 abhayadAna 163 abhavyatva 46, 47, 50 abhigRhIta 193 abhinibodha 13, 14 abhimAna 104, 106 abhiSava-AhAra 186, 190 abhIkSNa avagrahayAcana 168, 169 abhIkSNajJAnopayoga 162 abhIkSNasavega 163 abhyudaya 207 amanaska 54, 55 amitagati 97 amitavAhana 97 amUrta 58, 122, 124 amUrtatva 229 amba 87 ambarISa 87 ayana 103 ayaza 196, 197 ayazaHkIrti 200, 205 arati 197, 213-215 atimohanIya 161, 199 ariSTha 108 arihanta 107, 157, 163, 239 aruNa 108 arUpatva 50 ampI 115, 116, 147 artha 1, 19, 227-229 arthanaya 45 arthapada 5 aryAvagraha 20, 23, 24 ardhanArAca 205 ardhamAtrA 224 ardhavajrarSabhanArAca 205, 222 arpaNA 137 arpita 136 arhadbhakti 156 alAbha 213-215 aliGga 239 aloka 32 alokAkAza 120, 123

Page #411
anukramaNikA 245 alpa 18, 23 alpa-Arambha 156,157 alpagrAhI 16,17 alpa-parigraha 156,157 alpabahutva 8, 11, 238,240 alpavidha 18, 23 avakAza 124 avaktavya 138 avakratA 157 avagAha 124 avagAhanA ( OMvAI ) 238, 240 avagraha 15, 16, 19, 169 avagrahayAcana 168, 169 avagrahAvadhAraNa 168, 169 avadya 170 avadhAna 22 avadhi 11, 13, 49, 239 avadhi-ajJAna 34 avadhijJAna 27, 28, 32-34, 52, 105, 107 avadhijJAnAvaraNa 49, 198 avadhijJAnAvaraNIya 27 avadhidarzana 49, 52, 53, 197 avadhidarzanAvaraNa 49, 198 avadhilabdhi 53 avadhiviSaya 104, 105 avamaudarya 218, 219 avayava 114, 119, 139 avayavapracaya 114 avarNavAda 156,157 avasarpiNI 94, 238 avasthita 28 avasthitatva 116 avAcyatva 138 avAya 15, 16, 19, 21 avAyajJAna 23 avikalpya 144 avigraha 62 avicAra 227, 228 avibhAjya 141 avirata 226 avirati 192, 193 avisaMvAda 157 avIcAra 227 avyaya 135 avyAbAdha 108 avyAhatagati 73 avrata 151 azaraNAnuprekSA 211 azarIrasiddhi 2 azAzvata 134 azucitvAnuprekSA 212 azubha 196,197, 200, 205 azubhanAmakarma 156,157, 162 azubhayoga 149, 150 azoka 101 azva 101 aSTa aSTamikA 210 asat 137, 176 asat-AcaraNa 176 asat-kathana 176 asat-cintana 176 asat-bhASaNa 176 asatya 151,162,166,176,177

Page #412
246 tattvArthasUtra ahamindra 104, 108 ahiMsA 160, 166, 173, 175 ahiMsA-aNu ta 185 ahiMsA-vrata 168, 187 ahorAtra 102 A AkAza 82, 83, 85, 114-120, 123-125 AkAzaga 101 AkAzapradeza 10, 104, 238 AkAzAstikAya 114, 115, 117, asattva 138 asadRza 140 asadguNodbhAvana 156, 158, 163 asadvedya 156 asaMkhyAta 118 asaMkhyAtaguNa 69,70 asakhyAtapradezatva 50 asaMkhyAtavarSajIvI 78, 80 asaMkhyAtANuka 121 asaMkhyeya 103, 117, 118 asaMgatva 237 asaMjJI 87 asaMdigdha 16, 17 asaMdigdhagrAhI 16 asaMyatatva 49 asaMyama 47 asamIkSyAdhikaraNa 186, 189 asamyagjJAna 11, 12 asarvagatatva 50 asarvajJa 223 asAtA 107 asAtAvedanIya 126, 156, 159, 164, 198, 205 / asiddhatva 46-49 asiddhabhAva 47 asura 82, 87, 99 asurakumAra 96, 97, 100 asurendra 110 astikAya 114, 118, 120 astitva 50, 144 asteyavata 187 asthira 196, 197, 205 AkiMcanya 208, 210 AkRti 89 Akrandana 156, 159 Akroza 213-215 Agati 87 Agama 131 AgamapramANa 37, 38, 124 AcAmala 210 AcAra 26 AcAravastu 233 AcArAGga 25 AcArya 157, 163, 221 AcchAdana 163 AjJA 226 AjJAvicaya dharmadhyAna 226 AjJAvyApAdikI kriyA 152 Atapa 128, 130, 196,197, 200, 205 AtmajJAna 35

Page #413
Atmatva 146 Atmadravya 50, 117 AtmanindA 158, 163 AtmapariNAma 157 Atmapradeza 88, 238 AtmaprazaMsA 158, 163 AtmarakSa 96 Atmaviveka 35 Atmazuddhi 48 AtmA 3, 13, 40, 48, 50, 65, 121, 125, 126, 129, 134, 136-138, 143-146, 203 AdAnanikSepa 186, 189, 207 AdAnanikSepaNasamiti 168, 169, 208 Adi 139 Aditya 108 AdimAn 146, 147 Adeya 196, 197, 200, 205 AdhArakSetra 122 adhikaraNikI kriyA 152 Adheya 119, 120 Anata 97, 99, 100, 104 Ananda 145 Anayanaprayoga 186, 189 AnugAmika 28 AnupUrvI 65, 196, 197, 199 ApekSika 129 Abhiyogya 96, 102 Abhyantaratapa 218 Abhyantaropadhivyutsarga 221 AmnAya 221 anukramaNikA For Private AmnAyArthavAcaka 210 Ayu 49, 79, 109, 110, 197 Ayukarma 126 AyuSa 156 AyuSka 195, 196, 201 AyuSkarma 199 sthiti 87 AraNa 97, 99, 100, 104, 117 111, 233 Arambha 154, 155, 161 Arambhaka 72 ArambhakriyA 152 ArambhavRtti 161 Arjava 156, 208, 209 Arta 224 ArtadhyAna 225 Arya 88, 89, 93 Aryadeza 93 Aryasatya 5 AlokitapAnabhojana 168, 169 Alocana 219 AvalikA 103 Avazyaka 158 Avazyaka parihANi 163 AvAsa 100 Asakti 178 AsAdana 156, 159 Astikya 4 247 Asrava 5, 6, 148, 153 Asravanirodha 206 AsravAnuprekSA 212 AhAra 65, 106 Personal Use Only

Page #414
248 tattvArthasUtra AhAraka 66, 69-71, 76, 77, 205 AhAraka aGgopAGga 205 AhArakalabdhi 74, 75 AhAradAna 163 Ahnaka 101 ikSvAku 93 itthaMtva 130 itvaraparigRhItAgamana 185, 188 itvarika 217 indra 96, 108 indriya 13, 14, 18, 56, 60, 151 indriyagamya 124 indriyaviSaya 104, 105, 117 indriyavyApAra 153 iSugati 65 iSTaviyoga ArtadhyAna 225 ucca 196, 197 uccagotra 200, 205 uccagotra karma 158, 163 ucchvAsa 106, 125, 196, 197, 205 ucchavAsavAyu 126 utkAlika 25 utkRSTa 87, 141 utkRSTasthiti 113 uttamapuruSa 78, 80 uttarakuru 88, 89, 91, 92 uttaraguNa 181 uttaraguNa nirvartanA 155 uttaraprakRti 196, 202 uttaravrata 181 uttarAdhyayana 26 utpatti 229 utpAda 134, 136 utsarga 186, 189, 207, 210 utsargasamiti 208 utsarpiNI 94 238 udadhikumAra 97, 99, 100 udbhAvana 163 udyota 128, 130, 196, 197, 200, 205 unmatta 34 upakaraNa 56-58 upakaraNabakuza 233 upakaraNasaMyogAdhikaraNa 156 upakaraNendriya 20, 21, 57 upakAra 123, 125, 126 upakrama 79 upagraha 123 IryA 207 IryApathakarma 150 IryApathakriyA 151 IryApathika 151 IryAsamiti 168, 169, 208 IzAna 97 ISad indriya 60 IhA 15, 16, 19, 21, 25 uktAvagraha 18 ugra 93

Page #415
anukramaNikA 249 uSNa 67, 68, 129, 213, 214 uSNavedanA 86 UnodarI 219 Urdhvagati 237 Urdhvaloka 83, 105 Urdhvalokasiddha 240 Urdhvavyatikrama 188 upaghAta 156, 158, 159, 196, .197, 200,205 upacaya 73 upacAravinaya 220 upacAra-zruta 26 upadhi 221 upapAta 67, 69, 106, 107, 233 upapAta janma 67, 69,71, 76 upabhoga 40, 49, 70, 75, 76 upabhogaparibhogaparimANa 180, 182 upabhogAdhikya 186, 189 upabhogAntarAta 200 upayoga 50-52, 56-58, 114, 125, 143, 146 upayoga-bheda 53 upayogarAzi 52 upayogendriya 57 upalakSaNa 51, 52 upavAsa 159 upavrata 162 upazama 48-50 upazamaka 230, 231 upazAntamoha 216, 226,227,230, Rju 63, 65 Rjugati 64 Rjumati 29,30 RjusUtra 35, 41, 44 RjusUtranaya 42 Rtu 103 RSibhASita 26 RSivAdika 101 upasthApana 219, 220 upahAra 107 upAdAna 124 upAdhyAya 221 upAsakadazA 26 upAsanA 107 umAsvAti 181 uraga 87,94 ekatva 130, 137,138,211,227 ekatvavitarkanirvicAra 228,229 ekatvAnuprekSA 212 ekavidha 17 ekavidhagrAhI 16,17 ekAgracintA 222 ekAgracintAnirodha 222 ekAntakSaNika 47 ekAntakSaNikatA 47 ekAntanitya 47 ekendriya 56, 68, 88, 205 evaMbhUta 36, 45 evaMbhUtanaya 42, 44

Page #416
250 tattvArthasUtra eSaNA 207 eSaNAsamiti 168,169, 208 aigavatakSetra 91 airAvatavarSa 88,90 aizAna 97-100, 104, 111 aizvarya 209 aihika Apatti 170 aihika doSadarzana 170 au autkarika 130 audayika 46-48, 50, 236 audArika 69 71, 122,123, 125,155, 205 audArika aGgopAGga 205 audArika pudgala 67 audArika zarIra 71, 295 aupAtika 70, 109 aupazamika 11, 46.49, 236 aupazamika samyaktva 11 kato 137 kartRtva 50 karma 48, 65, 75, 137, 156 165, 192, 196 karma-Arya 13 karma-pudgala 5, 66, 195 karmaprakRti 164, 192, 205 karmabandha 151, 154, 192 karmabhUmi 80, 88,89, 93 karmayoga 62 karmavargaNA 66,67, 204 karmaskandha 203 karmendriya 57 kalpa 26, 104, 107 kalpAtIta 96, 99,100, 103, 104, 107 kalpopapanna 96, 99,100, 103 kavalAhAra 216 kaSAya 46,47, 49, 151, 154, 156-158, 165, 192-194, 197, 198, 205 kaSAyakuzIla 232 kaSAyacAritramohanIya 197 kaSAyamohanIya 49, 161 kaSAya rahita 150 kaSAyavedanIya 197 kaSAyasahita 150 kamailA 129 kAkSA 183 kAkSAticAra 184 kANDa 84, 90 kAdamba 101 kApiSTa 99 kaThina 129 kar3avA 129. kadambaka 101 kanakAvalI 210 kandarpa 186, 189 kamalapUjA 183 kamboja 93 karuNA 171 karuNAvRtti 170 karNa 23

Page #417
anukramaNikA 251 kApota 49, 86, 97 kAma 1 kAmarAga 177, 178 kAmasukha 98 kAya 148, 162, 166, 177 kAyakleza 218, 219 kAyagupti 207 kAyaduSpraNidhAna 189 kAyanisarga 156 kAyapravIcAra 98 kAyayoga 148, 149, 151, 230 kAyasthiti 94 kAyasvabhAva 170 kAyikI kriyA 152 kAyotsarga 26 kArita 154 kAruNya 170 kArtikeya 181 kArmaNa 69,70, 73-75, 205 kArmaNayoga 63, 66 kArmaNazarIra 66, 67, 76, 122, 123, 125 kArya 118, 124 kAla 8, 10, 97, 100, 101, 114, 134, 142, 144, 145, 238 kAlamaryAdA 73, 79 kAlamAna 65 kAlamRtyu 79 kAlavibhAga 99, 103 kAlavyavahAra 102 kAlA 129 kAlAtikrama 186, 190 kAlika 25 kAlodadhi 89, 92, 102 kipuruSa 97, 99-101 kiMpuruSottama 101 kinnara 97, 99-101 kinnarottama 101 kilviSika 96 kIlikA 205 kundakunda 181 kupyapramANAtikrama 186, 188 kubja 205 kumhAra 93 kuru 93 kula 209, 220, 221 kula-Arya 93 kulakara 93 kuzIla 231, 232 kUTalekhakriyA 185, 187 kUTasthanitya 47, 134 kUTasthatityatA 47 kUSmANDa 101 kRta 154 kRtanAza 80 kRtrima 76 kRSi 93 kRSNa 49, 86, 97 kevala 11, 13 kevala upayoga 235 kevalajJAna 31-33, 49, 52, 3, 235 kevalajJAnAvaraNa 49, 198

Page #418
252 kevalajJAnI 157 kevaladarzana 49, 52, 53, 197 kevaladarzanAvaraNa 49, 198 kevalalabdhi 53 kevalI 156, 227 kevalo avarNavAda 160 kevalI samudghAta 88, 122 kautkucya 186, 189 kriyA 126, 127, 151 kriyAdRSTi 45 kriyAnaya 45 krodha 49, 151, 155, 159, 169, 197, 198 krodhapratyAkhyAna 168 kSaNasthAyI 146 kSapaka 230, 231 kSamA 208, 209 kSaya 48, 50, 148, 235 kSayopazama 14, 17, 23, 24, 49, 50, 125, 148 kSAnti 156, 157, 160 kSAyika 46-49 zramikacAritra 237 kSAyikajJAna 236 tattvArtha sUtra kSAyika darzana 236 kSAyikabhAva 49 kSAtrikavIrya 237 kSAyika samyaktva 11, 236, 237 kSAyikasukha 237 kSAyopazamika 11, 46-49, 236 kSAyopazamikabhAva 49 kSAyopazamikasamyaktva 11 kSipra 16 kSipragrAhI 16, 17 kSINakaSAya 226 kSINamoha 216, 227, 230, 231 kSudrasarvatobhadra 210 kSudhA 214 kSullaka siMhavikrIDita 210 kSetra 8, 9, 30, 89, 92, 142, 186 kSetra ( sthAna ) 238 kSetra - Arya 93 kSetrakRta 30 kSetra vAstupramANAtikrama 188 kSetra vRddhi 188 kSetrasiddha 240 khaTTA 129 khaTvAGga 101 khaNDa 130 kharakANDa 84 kha ga gaNa 221 gaNadhara 25 gati 46, 47, 49, 62, 87, 104, 105, 123 - 125, 127, 196, 197, 199, 238, 239 gatikriyA 63, 64, 117 gatitrasa 55, 56 gatisAmarthya 106 For Private Personal Use Only gandha 19, 57, 58, 86, 116, 119, 128, 129, 131, 143-145, 169, 196, 197, 199, 205, 211

Page #419
anukramaNikA 253 gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 10 graha 99,100, 102, 113 greveyaka 99,100, 104, 107,110, 111 glAna 221 gandharva 97 gamanakriyA 105 garuDa 101 gardatoya 108 garbha 67, 76 garbhaja 94 garbhajatiryaMca 62 garbhajanma 67, 69, 71 garbhaja paMcendriya 94 garbhaja manuSya 62, 68 garbhotpanna 61 gA~va 88 gAndharva 99-101 gItayaza 97, 101 gItarati 97, 101 guNa 143-146 guNatva 50 guNapratyaya 27-29 guNarahita 145 guNavrata 181,182 guNasthAna 2, 193, 206, 226, 227 guNAntara 145 gupti 206,207 guru 102, 129 gurukula 210 gurulaghu 144 gRhasthaliMga 239 gotra 49, 195,196, 201 gotrakarma 197 gopAladAsa baraiyA 127 gomUtrikA 65 ghaTa 101 ghana 129 dhanavAta 83,84 ghanAmbu 82 ghanodadhi 83 ghanodadhi-valaya 84, 5 gharmA 84 ghAtana 85 ghAtikarma 216 ghrANa 15, 23, 56, 133 ghrANendriya 57 ca cakravartI 80, 93 cakSu 14,15, 56 cakSurindriya 57 cakSurdarzana 49, 52, 53, 197 cakSurdazanAvaraNa 49, 198 catuHbhakti 163 caturaNuka 121 caturindriya 55,56, 94, 205 caturdazapUrvadhArI 77, 107 catunikAya 95,96 caturviMzatistava 26 catuSpada 94 candra 97, 100, 102,103, 113 candramaNDala 102

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254 tattvArthasUtra chAyA 128, 130 cheda 219,220 chedopasthApanacAritra 217 chedopasthApanIya 239 camara 97, 110 campaka 101 carajyotiSka 102 varaparA 129 caramadeha 80 caramazarIrI 78 carya 210 naryA 213-215 cAkSuSa 132-134 cAndrAyaNa 210 cAritra 46, 49, 144,145, 206, 217, 238, 239 cAritradharma 183, 186 cAritramoha 156, 197, 214 cAritramohanIya 49, 156,157, 161 cAritravinaya 220 cAritrazuddhi 183 cintA 13,14 cIna 40 cUDAmaNi 100 cUlikA 20 cetana 124,125, 136 cetanA 137, 143, 145 cetanAzakti 34, 51,52, 143 corI 149, 151, 153, 162, 166 caukSa 101 caurNika 130 jagat 50 jagatsvabhAva 170, 172 jaghanya 87, 140 jaghanyaguNa 138,139 jaghanyasthiti 113 jaghanyetara 140,141 jaDa 124,125, 136 janma 67,69 janmasiddha 76, 240 janmAntara 63 janmAbhiSeka 107 jambUdvIpa 88-91, 102 jayanta 99,100, 104, 109 jarAyu 69 jarAyuja 67, 69 jala 129 jalakAnta 97 jalakAya 54,55, 60, 94 jalacara 94 jalapatana 160 jalaprabha 97 jalapraveza 162 jalabahula 84 jalarAkSasa 101 jalasamAdhi 183 jAti 20, 196,197, 199, 209 jAti-Arya 93 chadmastha 144, 224 chadmasthavItarAga 213,214 chaviccheda 185, 187

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anukramaNikA 255 jJAna 1, 11, 46, 47, 53, 143, 159, 195, 238, 239 jJAnadAna 163 jJAnadRSTi 45 jJAnanaya 45 jJAnanihnava 158 jJAnapradoSa 164,165 jJAnabinduprakaraNa 62 jJAnamAtsarya 158 jJAna-vinaya 220 jJAnavyApAra 25 jJAnAntarAya 158 jJAnAvaraNa 156, 195,196, 201, 205 jJAnAvaraNIya 34, 149, 158, 164, jina 214, 230,231 jinasena 181 jihvA 23 jItakalpasUtra 220 jAva 2, 5, 10, 46, 50, 53, 62- 64, 71, 114, 115, 117, 118, 120-122, 124, 126 128, 154 jIva-adhikaraNa 154 jIva-tattva 6 jIvatva 46,47, 50 jIvana 125 jIvapradeza 203 jIvarAzi 48, 122 jIvAstikAya 117 jIvita 126 jo vitAzasA 190 jugupsA 197 jugupsAmohanIya 161, 199 julAhA 93 jainadarzana 5, 37, 47, 115, 124, 125, 129, 134-136, 146 jainadharma 170 jainaliGgika mithyAtvI 107 jainazAsana 26, 235 jainasaMgha 170 jainasiddhAntapravezikA 127 jainetaraliGgika mithyAtvI 107 joSa 101 jJAna 93 jJAtabhAva 153 jJAtAdharmakathA 26 jJAnAsAdana 158 jJAnendriya 57 jJAnopayoga 156, 157 jJeyatva 144 jJeya bhAva 6 jyotizcakra 102 jyotiSka 95, 97-99, 101, 113 jyotiSkanikAya 96, 100 tata 129 tattva 2, 5-8, 115 tattvanizcaya 4 tattvArtha 5 tattvArthabhASyavRtti 18 tatpradoSa 156, 158, 194 tathAkhyAta 218

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256 tattvArthasUtra tathAgatipariNAma 237 tIrthakaratva 197 tadbhAva 145 tIrthakara nAmakarma 158, 205 tanuvAta 83 tIrthakRttva 156 tanuvAtavalaya 84 tIvrakAmAbhiniveza 185, 188 tapa 157, 163, 206,207, 210, tIvrabhAva 153 219,220, 236 tumbaru 101 tapasvI 221 tumburava 101 taporatnamahodadhi 210 tuSita 108 tama 128, 130 tRSNIka 101 tamaHprabhA 82, 84, 86 tRNasparza 213-215 tAr3ana 164 tRSA 213,214 tejaH 49, 129 tApa 156, 159 teja.kAya 54, 55, 61, 94 tArA 100, 113 tejaHkAyika 68 tArAgaNa 102 tArAmaNDala 102 taijasa 69, 70, 73, 74, 76, 77, tAlapizAca 101 205 tairyagyoni 156 tirachIgati 237 tiryagyoni 89, 109 tyAga 157, 163, 208, 210 tiryaglokasiddha 240 trasa 54,55, 196,197, 199, 205 tiryagvyatikrama 185,186, 188 trasatva 54 trasadazaka 199 tiryaJca 27,28, 49, 61, 68,69, sanAr3I 73 82, 87-89, 109, 161, 197, 199, 201 trasanAmakarma 55 tiryaJca Ayu 157, 161 trAyastriza 96, 108 trikAlagrAhI 31 tiryaJca AyuSka 205 tiryazcagati 205 trIndriya 55, 56, 94, 205 tiryaJcAnupUrvI 205 tryaNuka 121, 146 tiloyapaNNatti 10 tIrtha 238, 239 daMzamazaka 213, 214 tIrtha ( zAsana ) 233 dakSiNArdha 110 tIrthaMkara 25, 29, 80, 93, 107, dakSiNArdhAdhipati 110 108, 162, 200, 239 dambha 179

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anukramaNikA 25. dayA 149 darzana 30, 46, 53, 143, 195 darzanakriyA 152 darzananihnava 158 darzanapradoSa 158 darzanamoha 156, 197, 214 / darzanamohakSapaka 230, 231 darzanamohanIya 49, 157, 160, 198 darzanavinaya 220 darzanavizuddhi 156, 157, 162 darzanAvaraNa 156, 195, 196, 201, 205 darzanAvaraNIya 158, 164, 197, 235 dazadazamikA 210 dazavakAlika 26 dazAzrutaskandha 26 dAr3hA 91 dAtA 191 dAna 46, 49, 75, 149, 153, 155-157, 167, 190, 191, 197 dAnAntarAya 200 dAsIdAsapramANAtikrama 185, 186, 188 dikkumAra 97, 99, 100 digambara 139, 140; 144, 214, dina 103 dinapRthaktva 106 divAbhojana 167 dizA 108 dIkSAcArya 221 dIpaka 194 duHkha 5, 125, 156, 159 duHkha-bhAvanA 171 duHkhavedanIya 197 duHsvara 196, 197, 200, 205 durgandha 129 durbhaga 196, 197, 200, 205 duSpakva-AhAra 190 duSpraNidhAna 185 duSpramArjitanikSepa 155 dRzyahiMsA 174 dRSTivAda 26 deyavastu 191 deva 27, 28, 49, 61, 62, 67, 69, 76, 77, 82, 87, 88, 95, 109, 156, 157, 197, devakuru 88, 89, 91, 92 devagati 205 devajanma 109 devarSi 108 devAnupUrvI 205 devAyu 157, 162 devAyuSka 205 devAvarNavAda 160 devI 98 dezanA 36 digAcArya 210 digdravya 125 digvirati 180, 182 digviramaNavrata 188 17

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258 tasvArthasUtra dezaparikSepI 36, 39 dvIpa 88,89 dezavirata 226 dvIpakumAra 97, 99, 100 dezavirati 88, 180, 182, 198 dvIpasamudra 88 deha 82, 85, 101 dvIpasiddha 240 doSadarzana 170, 171 dveSa 178 doSanivRtti 166 dvayaNuka 121, 129, 138, 146 dhuti 104,105 gha dravya 5, 6, 19, 31, 59, 115, dhanadhAnyapramANAtikrama 185, 186, 117, 120, 124-126, 131, 188 137, 142-146 dharaNa 97, 110 dravyadRSTi 38, 137 dharma 1,114, 117, 118, 120, dravyanapusakaveda 78 124, 126, 156, 157, dravyanikSepa 7 206, 208, 224 / dravyapApa 5 dharmatattva 4 dravyapuNya 5 dharmadhyAna 226, 227 dravyapuruSaveda 78 dharmasvAkhyAtatva 211 dravyabandha 54 dharmasvAkhyAtatvAnuprekSA 213 dravyabhASA 125 dharmAvarNavAda 160 dravyamana 54, 55, 126 dharmAstikAya 114-118, 123-125, dravyaliGga 233 127, 144, 145, 238 dravyalezyA 95,97 dharmopadeza 221 dravyaveda 78 dhAtakIkhaNDa 88,89, 91, 102 dravya-strIveda 78 dhAraNA 15, 16, 19, 21 dravyahiMsA 174 dhUmaprabhA 82, 84, 86 dhyAna 218, 219, 222, 236 dravyAdhikaraNa 154 dhyAnapravAha 224 dravyAthika 38, 39, 45 dhyAnAntarikA 223 dravyAthikanaya 39, 41 dravyAstika 229 dhruva 16, 18 dhovya 133-136 dravyendriya 56, 57, 61 dvAdazAGgI 25 dvicarama 109 nakSatra 99, 100, 102, 113 dvIndriya 54-56, 94, 205 nagnatA 214 va

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anukramaNikA 259 nagnatva 213-215 nadI 92 nandana 90 nandIsUtra 17, 18 napusaka 49,77, 161 napusakaliGga 78 naNusakaveda 78,197,199 namaskAra 107 namravRtti 158, 163 naya 2, 8, 35, 37, 38 nayadRSTi 45 nayavAda 36-38, naraka 49, 82,85,86,161,199 narakagati 205 narakapAla 88 narakabhUmi 73-88 narakAyu 157, 161 narakAvAsa 85 navatattva 205 navanavamikA 210 navya-momAsaka 47 nAI 93 nAga 101 nAgakumAra 97, 99,100 nAgnya 213 nAma 6, 7, 49, 195, 196, 201 nAmakarma 49, 65, 125, 157 nAmanikSepa 7 nAraka 27, 28, 61, 62, 67-69, 76, 77, 82, 85-87, 109, 112, 156, 197 nArakAnupUrvI 205 nArakAyuSka 205 nArada 101 nArAca 205, 222 nAza 229 niHzalya 179 niHzIlatva 162 niHzreyasa 207 niHzvAsa 125 niHzvAsavAyu 126 ni.sRtAvagraha 17 nikAya 60, 95 nikSepa 6, 7, 154, 155 nigodazarIra 123 nigraha 207 nitya 115, 116,131,134,136, 138, 145 nitya-anitya 138 nitya-anitya-avaktavya 138 nitya-avaktavya 138 nityatva 116 nidAna 179 nidAna-ArtadhyAna 225 nidAnakaraNa 185, 186, 190 nidrA 197 nidrAnidrA 197 nidrAnidrAvedanIya 198 nidrAvedanIya 198 nindA 156, 163 nibandha 31 nirantarasiddha 240 niranvaya kSaNika 134 niranvaya pariNAma-pravAha 47

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260 tasvArthasUtra niranvaya vinAzI 146 nirabhimAnatA 158 niravadya 77 nirAkAra-upayoga 146 nirupabhoga 70, 75, 76 nirodha 5, 206, 222 nirguNa 145 nimrantha 231, 232, 234 nirjarA 5, 75, 201-203, 206, 231,236 nirjarA tattva 6, nirjarAnuprekSA 211, 212 nirdeza 8,9 nirbhayatA 168 nirmANa 196, 197, 200 nirmANa nAma 205 nirvartanA 154, 155 nirvANa 88 nirvikalpakabodha 52 nirvRtti 56-58 nirvRtti-indriya 57 nirveda 4, 211 nirvatatva 162 nivRtti 127, 166 nizItha 26 nizcaya-upayoga 51 nizcayadRSTi 120 nizcayanaya 45 nizcayasamyaktva 4 nizcayahiMsA 174 nizrita 17 nizritagrAhI 16, 17 niSadyA 213-215 niSadha 88,89 niSadhaparvata 91 niSkAma 207 niSkramaNa 108 niSkriya 116, 117 niSphalatA 80 nisarga 4, 154-156 nisargakriyA 152 nisargasamyagdarzana 5 nihnava 156, 158 nIca 196, 197 nIcagotra 200, 205 nIcagotra karma 158, 163 nIcairgotra 156 nIcairvRtti 156 nIla 49, 86, 88, 89, 97, 143 nIlaparvata 91 nIlA 129 netra 133 naigama 35 naigamanaya 39,40 naiyAyika 47, 129, 146 noindriya 60 nokaSAya 197, 199, 205 nokaSAya cAritramohanIya 197 nokaSAya vedanIya 197 nyagrodhaparimaNDala 205 nyAya ( darzana ) 5, 115, 124 nyAyazAstra 13 nyAyAvatAra 2, 13 nyAsa 6 nyAsApahAra 185, 187

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anukramaNikA 261 pakSa 102, 103 pakSI 87 paGkaprabhA 82, 84, 86 paGkabahula 84 paJcendriya 55, 56, 94 paJcendriyajAti 205 paTaka 101 paTukrama 22 paThana 93 padArtha 4, 124 padma 49, 107 paraghAta 196, 197 paratva 126, 127 paranindA 158, 163 paraprazaMsA 158, 163 paraprasannatA 183 paramANu 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 131, 134, 138, 139 paramAdhArmika 87,88 paramAvadhijJAna 32 paraliMga 239 paravivAhakaraNa 185, 188 paravyapadeza 185, 190 parAghAta 200, 205 parArpaNa 183 parigraha 104, 106, 151, 161, pariNAminityatA 47 pariNAminityatva 135 pariNAminityatvavAda 135 paritApa 126 paridevana 156, 159 parihAra 219, 220 parihAravizuddhi 239 parihAravizuddhi cAritra 217, 218 parISaha 213-217 parISahajaya 206 parokSa 12, 13 parokSa-pramANa 12, 13 paryApta 196, 197, 200, 205 paryAya 19, 31, 48,49, 59, 115; 119, 126, 130, 137, 142, 143, 145 paryAyadRSTi 38, 137 paryAyapariSamana 117 paryAya-pravAha 143, 144 paryAyAthika 38 paryAyAstika 229 parvata 88, 89, 92 parvataprapAta 162 palyopama 94, 103, 106, 111, parigrahavRtti 161 pariNAma 11, 82, 85, 124, 126, 146, 153 pariNAminitya 47, 134, 135 pAThana 93 pANinIya vyAkaraNa 213 pANimuktA 65 pANDuka 90 pAtra 191 pApa 5,149 pApaprakRti 204

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262 tattvArthasUtra pApAnubhAga 150 pAralaukika aniSTa 177 pAralaukika doSadarzana 171 pArigrahikI kriyA 152 pAriNAmika 46-48, 50, 51, 236 pAritApanikI kriyA 152 pAriSadya 96 piNDaprakRti 199 pipAsA 213, 214 pizAca 97, 99-101 pIta 95, 97, 107, 143 pIlA 129 puliGga 78 puveda 196 puNya 5, 149 puNyaprakRti 204 puNyAnubhAva 150 pudgala 19,64,65, 67,72,114- 118,120, 121, 124,125, 127-131, 143, 144, 146, 155, 194 pudgalakSepa 185, 186, 189 pudgaladravya 32 pudgalaparAvarta 10 pudgalapiNDa 130 pudgalaskandha 119 pudgalAstikAya 114, 115, 117 punarAvartana 221 punarjanma 63 puruSa 49, 101, 161 puruSavRSabha 101 puruSaveda 78, 197, 199, 204 puruSArtha 1 puruSottama 101 pulAka 231, 232 pulinda 93 puSkaravaradvIpa 89 puSkarAdha 88, 102 puSkarArdhadvIpa 89, 91 puSkarodadhi 89 pUrNa 97 pUrNabhadra 97, 101 pUrvakoTi 147 pUrvajanma 62,88 pUrvadhara 227, 228 pUrvaprayoga 237 pUrvabhava 67 pUrvarativilAsasmaraNavarjana 169 pUrvavid 227 pUrvazarIra 63 pUrvAvadhi 9 pRthaktva 227, 229 pRthaktvavitarka 228 pRthaktvavitarka savicAra 228, 229 pathivIkAya 54, 55, 60 pRthvI 128, 129 pRthvIkAya 94 pRthvIpiNDa 83 potaja 67, 69 paudgalika 22, 125, 129-131, 138 pauSadhopavAsa 180, 182 prakAza 103 prakIrNaka 96

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anukramaNikA 263 prakIrNatArA 99, 100, 102 prakRti 115, 192, 194, 195 'prakRtibandha 195, 196 prakRtivibhAga 164 prakRtisaMkramaNa 203 pracaya 114 pracalA 197 pracalApracalA 197 'pracalApracalAvedanIya 198 pracalAvedanIya 198 pracchanA 221 prajJA 213-215 praNipAta 107 praNItarasa bhojana 169 praNItarasa bhojanavarjana 169 pratara 130 pratikramaNa 26, 219, 220 pratighAta 73 praticchanna 101 pratirUpa 97, 101 pratirUpaka vyavahAra 185, 188 pratisevanA 232, 233 pratisevanAkuzIla 232 pratyakSa 13, 50 pratyakSa-pramANa 12 pratyabhijJAna 136 pratyAkhyAna 26, 197 pratyAkhyAnAvaraNIya 198 pratyutthAna 107 pratyeka 196, 197, 200, 205 pratyekabuddha 26 pratyekabuddhabodhita 238, 239 pratyekabodhita 239 pradIpa 119, 120, 122 pradeza 69, 70, 117-119, 123, 192, 194, 195 pradezatva 50, 144 pradezapracaya 118 pradezabandha 164, 165, 195, 203, 204 pradezodaya 48 pradhAna 115 prabhaJjana 97 prabhAmaNDala 102 prabhAva 104 pramattayoga 172,174-177 pramattasaMyata 226 pramANa 2, 8, 12 pramANamImAMsA 13 pramANalakSaNa 12 pramANavibhAga 12 pramANAbhAsa 12 pramAda 174, 192, 193 pramoda 170, 171 pramodavRtti 170 prayogakriyA 151 prayogaja 129 pravacana-bhakti 156-158 pravacanamAtA 233 pravacanavatsalatva 156 pravacanavAtsalya 158, 163 pravIcAra 98 pravRtti 166 pravrAjaka 210

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264 tattvArthasUtra prazama 4 prazasta 205 prazastanigraha 207 prazastavarNa 205 praznavyAkaraNa 26 prasAra 85 prANa 126, 152 prANata 97, 99,100, 104 prANavadha 172, 175 prANAtipAta 153 prANAtipAtikI kriyA 152 prAtyayikI kriyA 152 prAdoSikI kriyA 152 prApyakArI 23 prAyazcitta 218-220 preSyaprayoga 185, 186, 189 bahuvidha 16, 18, 23 bahuzruta 156,157, 163 bAdara 76, 196, 197, 205 bAdarasamparAya 214,216 bAlatapa 156, 157, 160, 162 bAlabhAva 162 bAhulya 85 bAhyatapa 218, 219 bAhyopadhi-vyutsarga 221 buddhabodhita 239 budhagraha 102 bodhidurlabhatvAnuprekSA 213 bauddhadarzana 5, 47, 128, 146 brahma 134, 178, 210 brahmacarya 149, 176, 179, 210 brahmacarya-aNuvrata 185 brahmacarya-vrata 169 brahmarAkSasa 101 brahmaloka 99, 100, 104, 108 brahmottara 99 phala 137 bakuza 231-234 bandha 1, 5, 128,129, 138-140, 142, 150, 145, 187, 192-194 bandhatattva 6 bandhana 164, 196, 197, 199 bandhahetu 156-163, 192-194, 235, 236 baladeva 93 bali 97, 210 bahu 16, 18, 23 bahu-Arambha 156, 157 bahu-parigraha 156, 157 bhaktapAnasaMyogAdhikaraNa 156, bhagavatIsUtra 83 bhadrazAla 90 bhadrottara 210 bhaya 169, 172, 197 bhayamohanIya 161, 199 bharata 88, 90 bharatavarSa 89 bhava 67 bhavana 110 bhavanapati 95, 97, 98, 113

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bhavanapati nikAya 96 bhavanavAsI 99 bhavanavAsI nikAya 100 bhavapratyaya 27, 28 bhavasthiti 94 bhaviSya 39 bhavyatva 46, 47, 50 bhAjya 32, 70, 119, 213 bhAva 5, 6, 8, 10, 135, 142 bhAva napusakaveda 78 bhAvanA 168, 211 bhAvanikSepa 7 bhAva - paramANu 119 bhAva - puruSaveda 78 bhAvabandha 54 bhAvabhASA 125 bhAvamana 54, 55, 125 bhAvaliGga 233, 239 bhAvalezyA 95 bhAvaveda 78 bhAva-strIveda 78 bhAvahiMsA 174 bhAvAdhikaraNa 154, 155 bhAvendriya 56, 57, 61 anukramaNikA bhASA 10, 125, 126, 129, 207 bhASA-Arya 93 148 bhASA - pariNAma bhASA - vargaNA 125, 129, 148 bhASAsamiti 208, 210 bhASya 139, 140 bhASyavRtti 157 bhAsvAn 101 18 bhikSupratimA 210 bhIma 97, 101 bhujaMga 101 bhujaga 94 bhujaparisarpa 87 bhUta 39, 97, 99, 100, 156 bhUta - anukampA 156, 157, 160 bhUtavAdika 101 bhUtAnanda 97, 101 bhUtottama 101 bhUmi 82, 85 bheda 128, 130-134 bheda - saMghAta bhairava - japa 132, 134 183 bhoktA 137 bhoktRtva 50 bhoga 46, 49 bhogabhUmi 93, 157 bhogazAlI 101 bhogAntarAya 200 bhogopabhogavrata 186, 190 ma For Private Personal Use Only 265 makara 101 maGgala 102 maNibhadra 97, 101 mati 11, 13, 14, 24, 33, 49, 239 mati - ajJAna 34, 49, 52 mati - ajJAnAvaraNa 49 matijJAna 13, 14, 23-25, 31, 32, 34, 52, 60 matijJAnAvaraNa 49, 125, 197

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266 tattvArthasUtra matijJAnAvaraNIya 14 matsya 87 madhyama 141 madhyaloka 83, 88, 89 mana 10, 13, 15, 18, 29, 54, 59-61, 125, 126, 129, 148, 162, 166, 177 manaHparyAya 11, 13, 29-31, 53, 239 manaHparyAyajJAna 29, 32, 33, 49, manaHparyAyajJAnAvaraNa 49, 198 manaHparyAyajJAnI 89 manarahita 54, 55 manasahita 54, 55 manuSya 27, 28, 49, 61, 82, 87. 89, 109, 161, 197, 199, 201 manuSya-Ayu 157, 161 manuSyagati 205, 239 manuSyajanma 109 manuSyajAti 92 manuSyayakSa 101 manuSyaloka 92,100, 102-104 manuSyAnupUrvI 205 manuSyAyuSka 205 manogupti 168, 169, 207 manojJAmanojJa rasasamabhAva 170 manojJAmanojJa sparzasamabhAva 170 manoduSpraNidhAna 186, 189 manodravya 20 - manonisarga 156 manoyoga 64, 148, 149 manorama 101 manovargaNA 126 manovyApAra 25 manoharendriyAvalokanavarjana 169 mandakrama 20, 21 mandabhAva 153 maraNa 125, 126 maraNAzaMsA 185, 186, 190 maruta 101, 108,109 marudeva 101 marudevI 228 mala 213-215 mahAkAdamba 101 mahAkAya 97, 101 mahAkAla 97, 101 mahAghoSa 97 mahAtamaHprabhA 82,84, 86 mahApuruSa 97, 101 mahAbhIma 97, 101 mahAvideha 101 mahAvIra 40, 181 mahAvega 101 mahAvrata 168, 170, 181 mahAzukra 99, 100, 104 mahAsarvatobhadra 210 mahAsiMhavikrIDita 210 mahAskandika 101 mahAskandha 129 mahAhimavat 88 mahAhimavAn 89, 91 mahimA 104

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anukramaNikA 267 maheSvakSa 101 mahoraga 97, 99-101 mAghavI 84 mAghavyA 84 mAtrA 224 mAtsarya 156, 190 mAdhyasthya 170 mAdhyasthya-bhAvanA 172 mAdhyasthyavRtti 170 mAna 49, 151, 155, 197, 198 mAnuSa 156, 196 mAnuSottara 32,88,89, 92, 102 mAyA 49, 151, 155-157, 161, 197, 198 mAyAkriyA 152 mAraNAntikI 180 mArga 5 mArgaprabhAvanA 156, 158, 163 mArdava 156, 208,209 / mASatuSa 228 mAsa 102, 103 mAhendra 99, 100, 104, 111 mitrAnurAga 185, 186, 190 mithuna 177 mithyAtva 192, 193, 197, 205 mithyAtvakriyA 151 mithyAtvamohanIya 11, 49, 198 mithyAtva-sahacarita 11 mithyAtvI 53 mithyAdarzana 46,47, 49, 179, 193 mithyAdarzanakriyA 152 mithyAdRSTi 34 mithyAdRSTiprazaMsA 184 mithyAdRSTisaMstava 184 mithyopadeza 185, 187 mizra 46, 67 mizramohanIya 198 mIThA 129 mImAMsA-dvAra 8 mukta 48, 53, 54 mukta.jIva 237 muktAvalI 210 mukharapizAca 101 mucyamAna 64, 65 muhUrta 102, 103 mUDhatA 193 mUrchA 178 mUrta 28, 119, 123, 125 mUrtatva 117, 229 mUrti 117 mUlaguNa 181 mUlaguNa-nirvartanA 155 mUlajAti ( dravya ) 135 mUladravya 115 mUlaprakRti 196, 202 mUlaprakRtibandha 196 mUlaprakRti-bheda 196 mUlabata 181 mRdu 129 meru 88, 99-102, 104 merukAnta 101 meruparvata 83, 89-91 meruprabha 171 maitrI 170, 171

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268 tattvArthasUtra maitrIvRtti 170 maithuna 166, 177, 178 mokSa 1-6, 26, 63,64, 108,109, 231, 235, 236 mokSamArga 1, 7, 93 mokSamArgaprabhAvanA 163 mokSahetu 224 mokSAbhimukha 35, 231 mokSAbhimukhatA 231 moha 178, 235 mohanIya 195, 196, 201 maukharya 185, 186, 189 mleccha 88,89, 93 yugalika-dharma 93 yugaliyA 91 yoga 2, 66, 146, 148,151, 154, 155, 157,158, 165, 192-194, 204, 228 yogadarzana 5 yoganigraha 207 yoganirodha 223, 234 yogarahita 228 yogavakratA 156, 157,162 yoni 68, 69 yaugika 7 yakSa 97, 99-101 yakSottama 101 yajana 93 yatidharma 210 yathAkhyAta 239 yathAkhyAta cAritra 217, 218 yathoktanimitta 27 yadRcchopalabdhi 34 yavana 93 yavamadhya 210 yaza 196, 197 yaza kIrti 200, 205 yazasvAn 101 yAcanA 213-215 yAjana 93 yAvatkathika 217 yuga 103 yugalika 80 racanA 89 rati 197, 204 ratipriya 101 ratimohanIya 161, 199 ratizreSTha 101 ratnatraya 3 ratnaprabhA 82, 84-86, 88, 100, 105 ratnAvalI 210 ramyaka 88, 90 ramyakavarSa 89, 91 rasa 19, 57,58,86, 116, 119, 128, 129, 131, 143-145, 169, 196,197, 199, 205, 211 rasana 15, 56 rasanA 133 rasanendriya 57 rasa-parityAga 218, 219

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anukramaNikA 269 raurava 85 rasa-bandha 164 rahasyAbhyAkhyAna 185, 187 rAkSasa 97, 99-101 rAga 178 rAgadveSa 2, 54 rAgasayukta strIkathA-varjana 169 rAjavArtika 17, 18, 149 rAjA 44 rAta 103 rAtribhojana 167 rAtribhojana-viramaNa 166, 167 rAma 40 riSTA 84 svamI 88, 89 lamI parvata 91 rudra 226 rUkSa 129, 141, 142 rUkSatva 138 lakSaNa 52 laghu 129 latA 88 labdhi 47, 49, 56-58, 71, 92, 125 labdhitrasa 55 lavdhI ndriya 57 lavaNa 88,89 lavaNasamudra 91, 102 lAGgalikA 65 lAntaka 99, 100, 104 lAbha 46, 49, 209 lAbhAntarAya 200 lAla 129 liGga 4, 13, 43, 46, 47, 77, 78, 233, 239 lipi 93 lezyA 46, 47, 49, 82, 85, 95, 97, 103, 107, 233 lezyAvizuddhi 104, 105 loka 73, 83, 120, 237 lokanAlI 105 lokapAla 96 lokarUDhi 40, 41 lokasvabhAva 40 lokAkAza 119-123 lokAnuprekSA 211, 213 lokAnubhAva 107 lokAnta 237, 238 lokAntika 108 rUpa 31, 57, 98, 116, 117, 143-145, 169, 209, 211 rUpatva-svabhAva 146 spayakSa 101 rupazAlI 101 rUpAnupAta 189 rUpitva 117 rUpI 115, 147 raivata 101 roma 213-215 rogacintA vArtadhyAna 225 raudra 85, 226 raudradhyAna 224, 226

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2070 lokottara 26 loca 159 lobha 49, 151, 155, 169, 197, 198 lobha- pratyAkhyAna 168 laukikjJAna 35 kikadRSTi 35 laukikapratyakSa 124 va vaMza 90 vaMzA 84 vakra 63, 65 vakragati 64 vakratA 157 vacana 148, 162, 166, 177 vacanagupti 207 vacanaduSpraNidhAna 189 vacananisarga 156 vacanayoga 64, 148 vajra 101 vajramadhya 210 vajrarSabhanArAca 205, 222 vaTa 101 vadha 156, 159, 164, 185, 187, 213-215 vanapizAca 101 vanaspatikAya 54, 55, 60, 94 vanAvipati 101 vanAhAra 101 vandanaka 26 tatvArtha sUtra vandanA 107 vargaNA 194 varNa 58, 86, 119, 128, 129, 131, 196, 197, 199 vartanA 126, 127, 145 vartamAna 102, 103 vartamAnagrAhI 31 vardhamAna 28, 39, 210 vardhamAna sakorA - saMpuTa 101 varSa 88, 90, 103 varSadhara 88, 89, 91, 92 valaya 88, 89 vasudI 181 vastu 137 vahni 108 vAgyoga 149 vAcanA 221 vAcyatva 138 vANijya 93 vANI 125 vAta 82 vAtakumAra 97, 100 vAmana 205 vAyu 129 vAyukAya 54, 55, 60, 61, 94 vAyukAyika 76 vAlukAprabhA 82, 84, 86 vAsiSTha 97 vAsudeva 80, 93 vAsya 90 vikala 30 vikalendriya 68 vikalpya guNa 144 vikriyA 82, 85, 86 For Private Personal Use Only

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vigraha 63, 199 vigrahagati 62, 64 vighna 101 vighnakaraNa 156 vicaya 226 vicAra 227, 228 vicAradazA 193 vicikitsA 183 vicikitsAvicAra 184 vijaya 91, 92, 99, 100, 104, 109-111 vijJAna 209 vitata 129 vitarka 227 - 229 vidAra- kriyA 152 vidizA 108 videha 90, 91, 93 videhakSetra 91 videhamukti 2 videhavarSa 88, 89 vidyA 92 anukramaNikA vidyutkumAra 97, 100 vidhAna 8, 9 vidhi 190, 191 vinaya 218, 219 vinayasampanna 157 vinayasampannatA 156, 157, 162 vinAyaka 101 viparyaya-jJAna 34 vipAka 26, 75, 151, 198, 201 vipAkavicaya dharmadhyAna 226, 227 vipAkAnubhava 48, 80 vipAkodaya 48 vipulamati 29, 30 viprayoga 225 vibhaGga jJAna 34, 49, 52 vibhaGga jJAnAvaraNa 49 vimAna 107, virata 230, 231 virati 166 viruddharAjyAtikrama 185-187 viviktazayyAsana 218, 219 vivRta 67, 68 viveka 219, 220 vizakalita 132 vizuddha 71 vizuddhi 30 vizuddhikRta 30 vizeSa 19 vizeSajJAna 22 vizvAvasu 101 viSabhakSaNa 162 viSaya 30 viSayakRta 30 viSayarati 108 viSayasaMrakSaNAnubandhI 226 viSkambha 88, 89 visaMvAda 157 visaMvAdana 156, 157, 162 visadRza 138, 141, 142 visarga 119 vihAyogati 196, 197, 205 vItarAga 226 vItarAgatA 236 For Private Personal Use Only 271

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272 tattvArthasUtra vItarAgabhAva 1 vaisasika 129 vIrya 46, 49, 144, 145, 153, vyaJjana 20, 21, 227, 228 209 vyaJjanAvagraha 20-24 vIryAntarAya 125, 148, 200 vyatikrama 185, 186 vRkSa 88 vyatipAtikabhadra 101 vRtti 139, 140 vyantara 97-99, 101, 113 vRttikAra 147, 157 vyantaranikAya 96, 100 vRttiparisaMkhyAna 218, 219 vyaparopaNa 172 veNudArI 97 vyaya 134-136 veNudeva 97 vyavahAra 26, 35, 220 veda 77 vyavahAradRSTi 120 vedanA 82, 85, 86, 106, 225 vyavahAranaya 39, 41, 45 vedanIya 49, 164,195-197, 201, vyavahArasamyaktva 4 vyavahArasiddha 90 214 vyAkaraNa 213 vedamohanIya 49 vedAnta 117 vyAkhyAprajJapti 26 vyAghAta 71 vedAntadarzana 47 vyAvahArika nigrantha 232 velamba 47 vyAvahArika hiMsA 174 vaikriya 69-71, 76, 77, 205 / vyAsa 89 vaikriya-aMgopAGga 205 / vyutsarga 218-221 vaikriyapudgala 69 vyuparatakriyAnivRtti 228 vaikriyalabdhi 74, 75, 88 vaijayanta 99, 100, 104, 109 vrata 157, 159, 162, 166-170 vaidharmya 115, 117 vratAnaticAra 156, 162 vaibhAvika 48 vratI 179, 180 vaimAnika 95, 97, 99, 100, 103 vratyanukampA 156, 157, 160 vaimAnikanikAya 96 vaiyAvRttya 157, 218-220 zaka 93 vaiyAvRttyakaraNa 156, 163 zaktyantara 145 vairAgya 170, 172 zakra 97 vaizeSikadarzana 47, 115, 117, 124, zaGkA 183 128, 129 zaGkAticAra 184

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anukramaNikA 273 zukra 99, 102 zukla 49, 107, 224 zukladhyAna 227, 228 zuddhadhyAna 183 zubha 71, 156, 162, 196, 197, 200, 205 zatAra 99 zanaizvara 102 zabara 93 zabda 35, 57, 58, 75, 86, 98, 128, 129, 169, 211, 229 zabdanaya 42, 43, 45 zabda-pudgala 22 zabdAnupAta 189 zabdollekha 25, 32 zayana 168 zayyA 213-215 zarIra 10, 69-71, 74,75, 104, 106, 125, 196, 197, 199 zarIra nAmakarma 50 zarIra-bakuza 233 zarIra-saMskAra 211 zarkarA 82 zarkarAprabhA 82, 84, 86, 105 zalya 179 zahara 88 zAzvata 134 zAstra 163 zAstrazruta 32 zikSAvrata 181, 182 zikharI 89 zikharI parvata 91 zilpa-Arya 93 zIta 67, 68,86,129, 213, 214 zotoSNa 67, 68, 86 zIla 157, 162 zIlavatAnaticAra 162 zubhaAyu 204 zubhagotra 204 zubhadhyAna 183 zubhanAma 204 zubhanAmakarma 156, 157 zubhayoga 149, 150 zuSira 129 zaikSa 221 zailA 84 zailezI-avasthA 2 zailezIkaraNa 223 zoka 156, 159, 197 zokamohanIya 161, 199 zocana 85 zauca 156, 157, 160, 210 zraddhAna 4 zrAvaka 160, 181, 186, 230, 231 zrAvakadharma 187 zrAvikA 160 zruta 11, 24, 26, 33, 37, 49, 58, 59, 156, 157, 209, 232, 239 zruta-ajJAna 34, 49, 52 zruta-ajJAnAvaraNa 49 zruta-avarNavAda 160

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274 tattvArthasUtra zrutagrantha 25 saMjJI 60 zrutajJAna 24, 25, 31, 32, 34, 52, saMjvalana 197, 198 60, 221 saMdigdha 17 zrutajJAnAvaraNa 24, 49, 125, 197 saMdigdhagrAhI 16 zrutasamuddeSTA 210 saMparAya 216 zrutoddeSTA 210 saMpradhAraNa saMjJA 62 zreNi 62 saMprayoga 225 zrotra 15, 56 saMmUrchana 67, 76 zrotrendriya 57 saMmUrchana-janma 67, 69, 71 zleSa 138 saMmUchima 61,77, 94, 123 zvAsocchvAsa 10, 200 saMyama 160,210,232 zvetabhadra 101 saMyamAsaMyama 49, 156, 157, 160, zvetAmbara 139, 214 saMyoga 154,156 sa saMrakSaNa 226 saMkalpa 98 saMrambha 154,155 saMketa 25 saMlekhanA 180-183 saMkramaNa 202 saMvara 5,153,206, 207, 236 saMkrAnti 227, 228 saMvara-tattva 6 saMkliSTa 82 saMvarAnuprekSA 211, 212 saMkhyA 8, 9, 20, 43, 240 saMvRta 67, 68 saMkhyAta 118 saMvRta-vivRta 67,68 saMkhyAtANuka 121 saMvega 4,156,157,163,170,172 saMkhyeya 103, 118 saMsAra 1, 3, 211 saMgraha 35, 39 saMsArAnuprekSA 211 saMgrahanaya 40 saMsArAbhimukha 35 saMgha 156, 157, 231 saMsArI 48, 53, 54, 62, 66 saMgha-avarNavAda 160 saMstAropakramaNa 185, 186 saMgharSa 129 saMsthAna 86, 128, 130, 196, saMghasAdhusamAdhikaraNa 156, 163 / / 197, 199 saghAta 131-134,196, 197, 199 saMsthAnavicaya dharmadhyAna 226, 227 saMghAtabheda 131 sahanana 196, 197, 199, 205 saMjJA 13,14, 61 saMharaNa 92

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saharaNa siddha 240 saMhAra 119 sakaSAya 150 sakAma 207 sacitta 67, 68, 185 sacitta AhAra 185, 190 sacittanikSepa 185, 190 sacitta pidhAna 185, 190 sacittasaMmizra AhAra 185, 190 sacittasambaddha AhAra 185, 190 sacittAcitta 67, 68 sat 8, 9, 134-137 satkAra - puraskAra 213-215 sattva 82, 138 satpuruSa 97, 101 satya 2, 149, 177, 210 satya- aNuvrata 185 satyavrata 168 sadRza 138-142 sadguNAcchAdana 156, 158, 163 sadvedya 156, 196 sanatkumAra 97 saptabhaMgI 138 saptasaptamikA 210 sapheda 129 sama 141, 142 samacaturasra saMsthAna 205 samanaska 54, 55, 60, 62 samanojJa 221 samantabhadra 181 samantAnupAlana kriyA 152 samanvAhAra 225 anukramaNikA samabhAva 35, 186 samabhirUr3ha 36 samabhirUr3hanaya 42, 43 samaya 63, 65, 103, 144, 145 samavAya 26 samAdAnakriyA 151 samAdhi 157 samArambha 154, 155 samiti 206 - 208 samucchinnakriyAnivRtti 223, 230 275 samudaya 5 samudra 88-90 samudrasiddha 240 samyak cAritra 1-3 samyaktva 5, 11, 46, 49, 53, 88, 145, 183, 197 samyaktvakriyA 151, 153 samyaktvamithyAtva 197 samyaktvamohanIya 198, 204 samyaktvasahacarita 11 samyaktvI 53 samyagjJAna 1-3, 11, 12 samyagdarzana 1-4, 7-9, 183, 193 samyagdRSTi 34, 107, 230, 231 samyagbhASA 207 sarAgasaMyama 156, 157, 160, 162 sarovara 88 sarvajJa 224, 226 sarvajJatva 235 sarvatobhadra 101, 210 sarvadazitva 235 sarvaparikSepI 36, 39 For Private Personal Use Only

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276 tattvArthasUtra sAdhvI 160 sAnatkumAra 97,99,100,104,110, sarvArthasiddha 99, 100, 104, 107, 109-111 sarvArthasiddhi 69, 139, 140, 147 savikalpaka bodha 52 savigraha 62 savitarka 227, 228 sahajacetanA 235 sahasAnikSepa 155 sahasrAra 99, 100, 104, 233 sAMkhya 5, 47, 115, 117, 124 sAMkhyadarzana 135 sAMparAyika 150,151, 156, 163 sAMprata 36 sAkAra-upayoga 52, 53, 146 sAkAramantrabheda 185, 187 sAgaropama 82, 87, 103, 106, 110-112 sAtA 107 sAtA-vedanA 107 sAtAvedanIya 126,157,160,198, 204,205 sAdi 205 sAdi-ananta 9 sAdi-sAnta 142 sAdhaka-avasthA 3 sAdhana 8,9 sArmika 168 sArmika-avagrahayAcana 169 sAdharmya 115, 116 sAdhAraNa 196, 197, 200,205 sAdhAraNazarIra 123 sAdhu 157,160,221 sAntara-siddha 240 sAmAnika 96, 108 sAmAnya 19 sAmAnyagrAhI 30 sAmAnya jJAna 22 sAmAyika 26, 163,180 182, 239 sAmAyika cAritra 217 sArasvata 108 sAvayava 75 siMha 87, 101 siMhavikrIDita 210 siddha 238 siddha-avasthA 3 siddhakSetra 238 siddhagati 239 siddhatva 236 siddhazilA 107 siddhahemavyAkaraNa 213 sImAntaka 85 sukha 1, 3, 104, 105, 125 sukhavedanA 107 sukhavedanIya 197 sukhAnubandha 185, 190 sukhAbhAsa 3,4 sugandha 129 sughoSa 97 suparNakumAra 97, 99, 100 subhaga 196, 197, 200, 205 subhadra 101

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sumanobhadra 101 sumeru parvata 91 surUpa 101 sulasa 101 susvara 196, 197, 200, 205 sUkSma 69, 71, 131, 196, 197, 205 sUkSmakriyApratipAtI 223, 228, 230 sUkSmatva 128 - 130 sUkSmatvapariNAmadazA 123 sUkSma paramANu 54 sUkSma zarIra 63 sUkSmasamparAya 201, 216, 217, 239 sUkSmasamparAya cAritra 218 sUtrakAra 144, 145 sUtrakRta 26 canukramaNikA 213, 214, sUtrakRtAGga 25 sUrya 97, 99, 100, 102, 103, 113 sUryamaNDala 102 sendriya 75 sevaka 7, 44 saumanasa 90 skandika 101 sevA 153 sevArta 205 sopabhoga 76 saukSmya 128 saudharma 97, 99, 100, 104, 110, 111, 157, 233 skandha 72, 118-121, 123, 125, 126, 131-133, 138 For Private skandhazAlI 101 stanitakumAra 97, 100 stuti 107 stenaprayoga 185, 187 stenAhRtAdAna 185, 187 steya 177 steyAnubandhI 226 styAnagRddhi 196 - 198 strI 49, 87, 161, 213-215 strI- kathA - varjana 168 strI pazu SaNDhasevitazayanAsanavarjana 169 strI-manoharAgAvalokanavarjana 169 strIliGga 78 strIveda 78, 161, 197, 199 sthalacara 94 sthAna 26, 234 277 sthAnAGga 109 sthApanA 6 sthApanAnikSepa 7 sthAvara 54, 196, 197, 199, 205 sthAvaratva 54 sthAvaradazaka 199 sthAvara nAmakarma 55 sthiti 8, 9, 87, 89, 94, 104, 109, 123-125, 192, 194, 195, 229 sthitikSetra 120 sthitibandha 195 sthira 115, 196, 197, 200, 205 sthUla 71 sthUlatva 128-130, 133 sthUlabhAva 123 Personal Use Only

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278 tattvArthasUtra sthaulya 128 snAtaka 231, 232, 234 snigdha 129, 139, 141, 143 snigdhatva 138 sparza 19, 56-58,86, 98, 116, 128,129, 131, 143-145, 169, 196,197, 199, 205, 211 sparzana 8, 10, 15, 23, 56, 133, hari 90, 93. 97 haribhadra 101 harivarSa 89 harisaha 97 hasti 101 sparzanakriyA 152 sparzana-kSetra 10 sparzendriya 57 smaraNa 25, 126 smRti 13, 14 smRtyanupasthApana 185, 186, 189, hAnopAya 5 hAsya 169, 197, 204 hAsyapratyAkhyAna 168 hAsyamohanIya 161, 199 hAhA 101 hiMsA 75, 149, 151, 153, 155, 162, 166,170,172,173, smRtyantardhAna 185, 186, 188 svaguNAcchAdana 163 svapratiSTha 120 svabhAva 73, 128, 156, 157 svayambhUramaNa 90 sva-rUpa 137 svarga 96 svaliGga 239 svasaMvedana 50 svahastakriyA 152 svAdhyAya 218, 219, 221 svAnubhUta 32 svAmikRta 30 svAmitva 8, 9 svAmI 30, 73 hisAnubandho 226 hiMsAvirati 162 hiMsAviramaNa 168 hindustAna 40 himavAn 89, 91 hiraNyasuvarNapramANAtikrama 185, 186, 188 honAdhikamAnonmAna 185, 187 hIyamAna 28 huDa 205 hUhU 101 hRdayaMgama 101 heya 5 heyahetu 5 haimavata 90 haimavatavarSa 89 hairaNyavata 90 hairaNyavatavarSa 89