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The chapters are divided, with a total of 344, while the number of Kānāda's sūtras is 333. These chapters do not have a daily division akin to the Vaiśeṣika sūtras or a foot division like the Brahma sūtras. It is Umaśvāti who initiates the use of 'adhyāya' in Jain literature in place of 'adhyayan.' The daily and foot divisions not started by him were later initiated by his followers like Akalaṅka. Despite the external structure having a particular similarity with the Tattvārthasūtra alongside Kānāda's sūtras, there is a significant difference in what is to be known, shedding light on the traditional mindset of Jain philosophy. Kānāda presents his views in sūtras and often uses reasons to support them without following the polemic style of earlier and later quarters like Gautama. In contrast, the speaker Umaśvāti describes without providing any logic, application, or reasons for establishing any of his principles, as if narrating like the Yoga sūtra author Patañjali, without any previous or subsequent arguments. Comparing Umaśvāti's sūtras with those of Vedic philosophies leaves an impression that the Jain tradition is faith-centered, accepting the statements of its omniscient figures literally, and does not see the possibility of questioning, resulting in many subjects amenable to refinement, enhancement, and development remaining untouched by rationalism to this day solely based on faith. The Vedic philosophical tradition, being reason-centered, tests its established principles, engages in skeptical discussions, and often overturns previously accepted principles with rationalism to establish new theories or amend existing ones. In summary, the Jain tradition has shown as much interest in preserving the inherited essence of knowledge and conduct as in new creation.
1. The development of reasoning and logical discussion by many eminent logicians like Siddhasena, Samantabhadra, etc., holds a distinguished place in the evolution of Indian thought, which cannot be denied. However, the present statement is primarily focused on the subsidiary aspect and differences in perspective. Tattvārthasūtras and Upaniṣads, etc.