Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
232 Tattvaarthasutra
[9.49 The philosophical (nishchayanayasaiddha) meaning of the word “Niggantha” is different, and the practical (sampraadayik) meaning is also different. The integration of both meanings is considered here as the common Niggantha, which is divided into five types. A Niggantha is one in which there is no attachment or aversion at all. This is the philosophical meaning of the word Niggantha. Even if one is incomplete, the practical Niggantha is one who aspires for the state of philosophical Niggantha in the future. The first three of these five types are practical, and the remaining two are philosophical. The characteristics of these five types are as follows:
1. Niggantha who does not deviate from the teachings of the completely detached scriptures, even while not attaining perfection in the primary and secondary qualities (Pulak and Uttargun).
2. Niggantha who follows the traditions of the gross body and its modifications, aspires for liberation and fame, is pleasure-seeking, connected (with attachments), has a family, and is afflicted by the defects of conduct and excessive transgressions.
3. Kushil-Niggantha, which comes in two forms: one who is governed by the senses and indulges in the passionate tendencies contrary to the secondary qualities is called Pratishevana-Kushil, and the one who is never under intense passion but may occasionally be influenced by mild passion is called Kashaya-Kushil.
4. Niggantha, in whom, despite not being omniscient, the absence of attachment and aversion is very pronounced, and omniscience will manifest only after a moment of internal reflection.
5. Snatak, in whom omniscience has manifested.
48.
The specific characteristics of Nigganthas are indicated by eight aspects: self-restraint, scriptures, community support, pilgrimage, signs, leśyā, adjuncts, and location. 49.
The characteristics of these Nigganthas are established through the distinctions of self-restraint, scriptures, community support, pilgrimage, signs, leśyā, adjuncts, and location.
To understand the specific nature of the five types of Nigganthas described above, it is considered here how each of the eight aspects relates to each Niggantha.
1. Self-restraint - Among the five forms of self-restraint, the two forms of Samayik and Chhedopasthapaniya relate to Pulak, Bakush, and Pratishevana-Kushil; Kashaya-Kushil is included in the two mentioned above and the four types of Pariharavishuddhi and Sukshmasamparayi. The Niggantha and Snatak possess only the recognized self-restraint.
2. Scriptures - Pulak, Bakush, and Pratishevana-Kushil have the highest knowledge of scriptures, equivalent to the ten precedents, while Kashaya-Kushil and Niggantha possess the highest knowledge of scriptures equivalent to the fourteen precedents;