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Tattvarthasutra
[5. 32-35]
Due to the concepts of vyavaksha (determination) and avivaksha (indetermination), the soul is sometimes referred to as eternal (nitya) and sometimes as non-eternal (anitya). When both aspects are considered together, and there is no term that can express both simultaneously, the soul is referred to as avaktavya (indefinable). From the interplay of the three types of sentences dependent on vyavaksha, avivaksha, and sahavivaksha, four additional sentence constructions arise: nitya-anitya, nitya-avaktavya, anitya-avaktavya, and nitya-anitya-avaktavya. These seven sentence constructions are known as sapta-bhangi. Among them, the first three sentences, and within those, two sentences are fundamental. Just as the concepts of nityatva (eternality) and anityatva (non-eternality) can be generated into a sapta-bhangi regarding a single object from different viewpoints, similarly, other pairs of seemingly contradictory properties such as sat-asat (being-nonbeing), ekatva-anekatva (oneness-multiplicity), and vachyatva-avachyatva (expressible-inexpressible) should also be subjected to sapta-bhangi. In this way, a single object is viewed as having multiple properties and behaving in multiple ways.
Cause of Pudgalik Bondage
The bondage occurs due to the qualities of snigdha (smoothness) and ruksha (roughness). 32. The origin of the pudgalik skandha (material aggregation) does not arise merely from the mutual conjunction of its fundamental particles (paramanu) and so on. Something more than mere conjunction is required. This is illustrated in this sutra. It is essential that after the mutual conjunction of the components, they possess the qualities of snigdha (smoothness) and ruksha (roughness). When the snigdha and ruksha components come together, bondage (resulting in oneness) occurs, and from this bondage, structures like dvachanuka are formed.
The conjunction of snigdha and ruksha components can be of two types: similarly (sadriśa) and dissimilarly (visadriśa). The conjunction of snigdha with snigdha and ruksha with ruksha is similarly conjunctive. The conjunction of snigdha with ruksha is dissimilarly conjunctive. 32.
Exception to the General Rule of Bondage
Not applicable for the lowest qualities. 33. For qualities that are similar. 34. For qualities that exceed two in number. 35. There is no bondage of lower qualities, that is, snigdha and ruksha components that possess parts.