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130
Tattvartha Sutra
[5. 23-24]
However, the same Amla (Indian gooseberry) is gross in comparison to the berry and subtle in comparison to the Bel (wood apple). Just as a single object can have contradictory qualities due to relativity, subtlety and grossness do not exist in the same object.
Both subtlety and grossness are of two types: Itthantva (existence in an evident form) and Anitthantva (existence that cannot be perceived). The establishment (special configuration) of clouds and the like is of the Anitthantva type, as it cannot be defined in a single way due to its irregularity, while the establishment of other substances is of the Itthantva type, like balls, water chestnuts, etc. There are many variations of Itthantva in forms like round, triangular, quadrilateral, elongated, circular (ring-like), etc.
One-ness, meaning the analysis (division) of a conglomerate form of matter (pudgala), is a distinction. It has five types: 1. Auttkarika - penetration occurring when cut or dug, like wood, stone, etc.; 2. Chaurika - breaking down into parts, like barley into flour; 3. Khandaka - breaking into pieces, like the pot's neck and others; 4. Pratara - layers coming off, like mica, birch bark, etc.; 5. Anutata - peeling off, like bamboo, sugarcane, etc.
Tama means darkness, which obstructs sight; it is a particular result that opposes light.
Shadows occur due to an overlay upon light. There are two types: the image cast in clear substances like a mirror, where the features, shape, etc., appear as they are, and the shadow cast on other unclean objects, which is a reflected shadow.
The warm light of the Sun is called Atapa, while the cool light from the Moon, gems, fireflies, etc., is termed Udyota.
Touch, sound, and all the aforementioned qualities are regarded as pudgalik (related to matter) due to their functioning of pudgala.
By separating Sutras 23 and 24, it is indicated that qualities like touch exist in both atoms and aggregates, but qualities like sound and bondage exist only in aggregates. Although subtlety is a quality of both atoms and aggregates, its consideration is done with touch and similar qualities rather than with sound, because the account with the opposing quality of grossness justifies its mention. 23-24.