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5. 25-27] Main Types of Pudgala and Their Causes of Origin 131
Main Types of Pudgala
Atoms and Skandhas. 25.
Pudgala exists as atoms and in the form of skandhas.
Pudgala as a substance is infinite in unit form, and its diversity is also limitless. However, in the following two sutras, the various causes for the origination of pudgala results are briefly specified as atomic and skandha types. The totality of pudgala can be included within these two types.
The pudgala substance which is a cause but not an effect is atomic substance. Such atoms are eternal, minute, and possess either one taste or two touches. The knowledge of such atomic substance cannot be obtained through the senses. Its knowledge is achievable through scriptures or inference. The inference of the atom is considered based on its effect. All pudgala effects that are visible are caused. Similarly, whatever invisible ultimate effect exists must also have a cause, which is the atomic substance. It is called the ultimate cause because there is no other substance as its cause. Atomic substance does not have any division and cannot have one. Therefore, its beginning, middle, and end are itself. Atomic substance is unbounded (not in aggregate form).
It is the final substance. Such a single scent, a single color, and
skandhas are a different type of pudgala substance. All skandhas are bounded - in aggregate form and they are effect-substance in relation to their cause substance and are cause-substance in relation to their effect substance, just as the dual-area and other skandhas are the effects of atoms, and the triple-area and others are their causes. 25.
Skandhas arise from aggregation differences. 26. Atoms arise from differences. 27.
Skandhas (composite substances) originate in three ways. Some skandhas arise from aggregation (unity transformation), some from difference, and some from both difference and aggregation together as causes. When two separate atoms combine, forming a dual-area skandha, it is termed as arising from aggregation. Similarly, three,