Tattvarthasutra Hindi

SR No.: 008066
Original Sutra Author: Umaswati, Umaswami
Author: Sukhlal Sanghavi
Publisher: Parshwanath Vidyapith
Publication Year: 1976
Total Pages: 444
Language: Hindi
Classification: Book_Devnagari, Philosophy, Religion, Epistemology, Tattvartha Sutra, & Tattvarth
File Size: 9 MB

Page 38

दोनों उदाहरण है जो योगसूत्र के भाष्य में भी हैं। विशेष बात यह है कि दोनो भाष्यों में शाब्दिक सादृश्य भी बहुत अधिक है। एक विशेषता यह भी है कि गणित-विषयक एक तीसरा उदाहरण तत्त्वार्थसूत्र के भाष्य में पाया जाता है जिसका योगसूत्र के भाष्य में अस्तित्व तक नहीं है। दोनों भाष्यों का पाठ क्रमश: इस प्रकार है :
".. शेषा मनुष्यास्तिर्यग्योनिजाः सोपक्रमा निरुपक्रमाश्वापवायुषोऽनपवायुषश्च भवन्ति । 'अपवर्तनं शीघ्रमन्तर्मुहूर्तात्कर्मफलोपभोग उपक्रमोऽपवर्तननिमित्तम् । · सहतशुष्कतृणराशिदहनवत् । ययाहि संहतस्य शुष्कस्यापि तृणराशेरवयवशः क्रमेण दह्यमानस्य चिरेण दाहो भवति तस्यैव शिथिलप्रकोर्णापचितस्य सर्वतो युगपदादीपितस्य पवनोपक्रमाभिहतस्याशुदाहो भवति । तद्वत् । यथा वा सख्यानाचार्यः करणलाघवार्थ गुणकारभागहाराभ्यां राशि छेदादेवापवर्तयति न च संख्येयस्यार्थस्याभावो भवति तद्वदुपक्रमाभिहतो मरणसमुद्धातदु खातः कर्मप्रत्ययमनाभोगपूर्वकं करणविशेषमुत्पाद्य फलोपभोगलाघवार्थ कर्मापवर्तयति न चास्य फलाभाव इति । कि चान्यत्-यथा वा धौतपटो जलाद्रं एव च वितानितः सूर्यरश्मिवाय्वभिहतः क्षिप्रं शौषमुपयाति न च संहते तस्मिन् प्रभूतस्नेहागमो नापि वितानितेऽकृत्स्नशोष त हद् यथोक्तनिमित्तापवर्तनैः कर्मणः क्षिप्रं फलोपभोगो भवति । न च कृतप्रणाशाकृताभ्यागमाफल्यानि ।"-तत्त्वार्थ-भाष्य, २.५२।।
"आयविपाक कर्म द्विविधं सोपक्रम निरुपकम च । तत्र यथार्द्र वस्त्रं वितानितं हसीयसा कालेन शुष्येत्तथा सोपक्रमम । यथा च तदेव संपिण्डितं चिरेण संशुष्येदेवं निरुपक्रमम् । यथा वाग्निः शुष्के कक्षे मुक्तो वातेन समन्ततो युक्तः क्षेपीयसा कालेन दहेत् तथा सोपक्रमम् । यथा वा स एवाग्निस्तणराशौ क्रमशोऽवयवेष न्यस्तश्विरेण दहेत तथा निरुपक्रमम । तदैकभविकमायुष्कर कर्म द्विविधं सोपक्रमं निरुपक्रमं च ।"-योगभाष्य, ३.२२ ।
(ग) अक्षपाद का 'न्यायदर्शन' लगभग ईस्वी सन् के आरम्भ का माना जाता है। उसका 'वात्स्यायननाष्य' दूसरी-तीसरी शताब्दी के भाष्यकाल की प्राथमिक कृतियों में से एक है। इस कृति के कुछ शब्द और विषय तत्त्वार्थभाष्य में मिलते हैं। न्यायदर्शन (१.१.३ ) मान्य प्रमाणचतुष्कवाद का निर्देश तत्त्वार्थ अ० १ सू० ६ और ३५ के भाष्य में

Translation AI Generated

Both examples are also present in the commentary on the Yoga Sutras. Notably, there is a significant verbal similarity in both commentaries. Another feature is that a mathematically related third example is found in the commentary on the Tattvarthasutra, which does not exist in the commentary on the Yoga Sutras. The texts of both commentaries are as follows:

"..The remaining beings are human and non-human creatures; they are in sequence and non-sequence regarding states of existence. 'The process of reversal is swift; after a moment's duration, the results of actions are enjoyed, and the process serves as the cause of reversal.' Like the combustion of a heap of dry grass. When the dry mass of grass is piled up, the combustion occurs gradually, and after a long time, it is thoroughly burnt; thus, it happens that when air acts upon the aggregation of hay with a loose structure, it is burnt fully immediately. Likewise, just as a friend can disintegrate two quantities through their mechanisms, there is also a process that does not have an absence of quantity; in the same manner, the process caused by death and removal of the dead does not have any prior enjoyment, however it produces a specific mechanism of action results that does not lack results. Moreover, like a washed cloth, when it is wet, it quickly dries out under the rays of the sun when acted upon by the wind, thus, in the presence of plenty of affection and in a wet condition, there is also no complete dryness; however, through the aforementioned processes, the results of actions are enjoyed swiftly. There are no results of complete elimination." - Tattvarthabhāṣya, 2.52.

"Action of the fruit of karma is of two types: the process of ascent and the process of non-ascent. There, for instance, moist cloth covered takes time to dry; thus it is of the process of ascent. Just as this same cloth, when bunched up, takes a long time to dry, it is non-ascent. Just as the fire, when released in a dry place, spreads round about and burns gradually like the process of ascent. Or similarly, the same fire in a heap can burn gradually through each of its elements, thus it is the non-ascent process. Therefore, the process of action with long-term effects is of two types: the ascending process and the non-ascending process." - Yogabhāṣya, 3.22.

The Nyāyadarśana of Akṣapāda is believed to date back to the early centuries CE. Its commentary by Vātsyāyana is among the earliest works of the second to third century. Several terms and topics from this work are found in the Tattvarthabhāṣya. The Nyāyadarśana (1.1.3) instructs regarding the accepted proof of fourfold reasoning, which corresponds to the commentary on Tattvartha, sūtras 1.6 and 35.