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1. 16]
Differences in Knowledges
17
Those who understand the book are called "alpagrahis" for Avagraha, "alpagrahini" for Iha, "alpanahi" for Avay, and "alpagrahini" for Dharana.
"Bahuvidh" means of many kinds and "Ekavidh" means of one kind. For instance, the knowledge of books with diversity in size, shape, form, color, or thickness is referred to as Bahuvidhgrahi Avagraha, Bahuvidhgrahini Iha, Bahuvidhgrahi Avay, and Bahuvidhgrahini Dharana; whereas knowledge of books with uniformity in size, shape, form, color, and thickness is referred to as Ekavidhgrahi Avagraha, Ekavidhgrahini Iha, etc. The terms "Bahu" and "Alpa" relate to the number of individuals, while "Bahuvidh" and "Ekavidh" relate to the number of types, kinds, or categories. This is the difference between the two.
Those who learn quickly are called "Kshipragrahi Avagraha" etc., and those who learn slowly are referred to as "Akshipragrahi Avagraha" etc. It is observed that even when the senses and objects are equal, one person can quickly grasp a subject due to a sharp understanding, while another person may take longer due to slow comprehension.
"Anishrit" means without a defined attribute (unproven by a reason), and "Nishrit" means with a defined attribute (proven by a reason). For example, knowledge of Jui flowers through the previously experienced cool, soft, and smooth tactile attributes would be classified as Nishritgrahi (with attribute knowledge) Avagraha, while knowledge of those flowers without any reference to the attribute would be called Anishritgrahi (without attribute knowledge) Avagraha. "Sandigdh" means uncertain. For instance, this sandalwood.
"Asandigdh" means certain, and the meaning of "Anishrit" and "Nishrit" is the same as explained in the commentary on Nandisutra; however, another interpretation has been provided by Shri Malaygiri in that commentary: for instance, knowledge that involves mixed attributes from other dharmas is Nishritavagraha, while knowledge without mixed attributes from other dharmas is Anishritavagraha. See - p. 183 published by Agamodaya Samiti.
In Digambara texts, the reading is "Anihsrit." According to this, it is understood that the grasp of completely manifest Pudgals is "Nihsritavagraha," and the grasp of non-fully manifest Pudgals is "Anihsritavagraha." See - commentary on the same sutra in Rajvartika.
2. In place of this, there is a reading of "Anukt" in Digambara texts. Accordingly, it is understood that knowing a fully pronounced word only from the emergence of a certain sound corresponds to understanding that you are saying a particular word, termed "Anuktavagraha." Or, knowing a particular tone even before the production of sound from a musical instrument such as a Veena, signifies "Anuktavagraha."