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1. 34-35
Different Types of Nayas
35
All those who make a true determination of the aforementioned knowledge-ignorance relationship in spiritual philosophy are called right-perceivers. Therefore, the question arises as to what is the basis of the indication of knowledge-ignorance in spiritual philosophy?
Answer - The basis of spiritual philosophy is spiritual vision, not worldly vision. Living beings are of two types: those oriented towards liberation (moksha) and those oriented towards the worldly (samsara). A liberated or spiritual being has equanimity and self-awareness, and thus uses all their knowledge to affirm equanimity, not to affirm worldly attachments. From a worldly perspective, even if their knowledge is minimal, it is still called knowledge. The knowledge of a worldly-oriented soul, no matter how vast and clear it may be from a worldly perspective, is termed ignorance to the extent that it supports worldly desires, due to its lack of equanimity. Just as a mad person may sometimes grasp the true nature of gold and iron but, due to delusion, is unable to differentiate between truth and falsehood, their entire knowledge, despite being complete, is termed thoughtless or ignorant. Similarly, a worldly-oriented soul may possess extensive knowledge, but due to ignorance regarding the soul, all their worldly knowledge is regarded as ignorance from a spiritual perspective.
In summary, even if a mad person has great powers and occasionally has correct perception of an object, their delusion still increases. In the same way, a deluded soul, characterized by intense attachment and aversion along with soul-ignorance, uses even their vast amount of knowledge only to support worldly desires. Hence, their knowledge is termed ignorance. Conversely, a right-perceiver soul, who has no intensity of attachment or aversion and possesses self-knowledge, utilizes even their limited worldly knowledge for spiritual satisfaction. Therefore, their knowledge is called knowledge. This is spiritual vision.
32-33
Types of Nayas
Five types of nayas are: Naigama, Samgraha, Vyavahara, Riju-sutra, and Shabda. 34.
The first naya, Naigama, has two divisions and the second naya, Shabda, has three divisions. 35.
There isn't a definitive tradition regarding the number of types of nayas. Three traditions appear in this regard. One tradition directly acknowledges seven types of divisions, such as Naigama, Samgraha, Vyavahara, Riju-sutra, and Shabda.