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Classification of Nays
When one focuses solely on water, not considering its color, taste, depth or shallowness, extent, and boundaries, it is termed a general idea of water, which is the dravyarthik nay concerning water. However, when attention is given to its characteristics like color and taste, it is called a paryayarthik nay concerning water because it pertains to the specific attributes of water.
Similarly, this understanding should apply to all other physical substances. Just as it is possible to have general and specific ideas regarding various objects similar to water scattered in different places, it is equally possible to have general and specific ideas regarding any one substance, such as the soul, spread across the infinite canvas of past, present, and future. When one focuses solely on pure consciousness, without considering time and state-based distinctions, it is termed the dravyarthik nay of consciousness. When attention is drawn to the various states of consciousness influenced by space, time, and such, it becomes the paryayarthik nay of consciousness.
Nature of Specific Distinctions - 1. The thought that arises from following ordinary conventions or worldly conditioning is called the naigama nay.
The explanation of the two distinctions of naigama nay as directed by Shri Umaswati is as follows: When a single substance, like a pot or cloth, is understood through a general reference to an object of that kind, this idea is termed the desh-pariksepi naigama. When the entire kind of meaning indicated by that name is grasped in thought, it is termed the sarva-pariksepi naigama.
2. The thought that aggregates different types of objects or various individuals based on any common element is called the sangraha nay.
3. The thought that separates objects aggregated under a common element according to their practical purposes is called the vyavahar nay.
The origin of these three nays is contained in the role of dravyarthik, hence these three are categorized as dravyarthik in nature.
Question - Before explaining the remaining nays, clarify the aforementioned three nays with examples.