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48 Tattvarthsutra
[2. 1-7 The Nature of the States]
1. The Upashamik state arises from Upashama. Upashama is a type of self-purification that occurs when the rise of substantial karma completely ceases, like when dirt settles at the bottom, making the water clear.
2. The Kshāyik state arises from Kshaya. Kshaya is the ultimate purity of the soul that manifests when the connection to karma completely breaks, just as water becomes perfectly clear when all dirt is removed.
3. The Kshāyopashamik state arises from Kshaya and Upashama. Kshāyopashama is a type of spiritual purity that emerges when the rise of one part of karma completely ceases while the decline of another part continues through its manifestation. This purity is mixed, like when washing pulses slightly diminishes their intoxicating power but some remains.
4. The Udayik state arises from Uday. Uday is a type of spiritual impurity (malininess) that occurs due to the experience of karmic fruition, like when dirt combines with water, making it impure.
5. The Pārināmak state is the result of the substance, which occurs inherently with the existence of the substance; in other words, the natural form-manifestation of any substance is the Pārināmak state.
These five states are indeed the nature of the soul. Whether in worldly existence or liberated, all souls will have their states represented among these five. The five states are not possible for non-living beings; hence, these states are not the nature of the non-living. Furthermore, it is not a rule that all five states co-exist in every living being. Liberated souls have two states—Kshāyik and Pārināmak. Worldly souls may have three, four, or five states, but none have two. Thus, the states of liberated souls range up to two, and the states of worldly souls range from three to five. Therefore, these five states are described as the nature of living beings in relation to the living essence or concerning the potential in a specific living being.
The states with the Udayik state are Vaibhāvik, while the other four states are natural.
1. The suffering due to karmic molasses is a manifestation of the state, and the fruition of the distinct substances is the fruition manifestation.