Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
47
2. 1-7]
The distinctions and examples of five feelings: Four knowledge, three ignorance, three views, five donations and other acquisitions, samyak (right understanding), character (total renunciation), and self-discipline and non-discipline (spatial renunciation) are the eighteen types of subsiding feelings.
Four movements, four kashayas, three bodies (existences), one wrong view, one ignorance, one non-discipline, one unaccomplished state, and six leśyās are the twenty-one types of arising feelings.
Life, aspirational (bhavya), and non-aspirational (abhaavya) are three, and there are other result-oriented feelings as well.
The objective of this sutra is to clarify how the Jain perspective on the nature of the soul differs from other philosophies. The philosophies of Sāṅkhya and Vedanta regard the soul as eternal and unchanging, considering it to have no results. They attribute the results of knowledge, pleasure, pain, etc., to nature or ignorance. The Vaiśeṣika and Nyaya schools acknowledge knowledge and the like as qualities of the soul; however, they still consider the soul as exclusively eternal (unresultant). The Navya-Mīmāṃsaka views are similar to those of Vaiśeṣika and Nyaya. According to Buddhist philosophy, the soul is an exclusive momentary flow of results. Jain philosophy states that just as natural inanimate substances lack both eternal unchangingness and exclusive momentariness but possess result-orientedness, the soul too is result-oriented. Therefore, knowledge, pleasure, pain, and other states are indeed qualities of the soul.
Not all states of the soul are the same; some states pertain to one condition, while others pertain to a different condition. These varying conditions of states are termed feelings. The states of the soul can be of a maximum of five types. These five types are: 1. subsiding, 2. subsiding-diminishing, 3. subsiding-combining, 4. arising, and 5. result-oriented.
1. The acknowledgment of experiences of knowledge, pleasure, or pain, or other varying subjects at different moments, while not accepting any single unchanging entity among them, is identified as the flow of momentary results.
2. Just as the handle of a hammer remains stable irrespective of how many hits it takes, in the same way, result-orientedness refers to that which undergoes various changes related to space and time without experiencing even a slight alteration.
3. Even when the fundamental entity remains constant across all three time frames, the changes due to space and time represent result-orientedness.