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236 Tattvarthasutra
[10.4 Once bound, karma must eventually diminish at some point; however, if such karma can be bound again, or if any such karma still remains, then it cannot be said that there is an absolute cessation of karma. Absolute cessation means a lack of qualification to bind previously bound karma and new karma. The state of liberation is never possible without the absolute cessation of karma, which is why the cessation of absolute karma is described here. There are two: 1. The absence of binding causes and 2. Nirjara (the shedding of karma). Due to the absence of binding causes, new karma does not bind, and the absence of previously bound karma occurs through nirjara. The five binding causes, such as misguided perception, have been mentioned before. Their absence is achieved through proper samvara (self-restraint), and nirjara occurs through austerity, meditation, and so on.
With the absolute cessation of the aforementioned four karmas, such as Mohaniya, the state of non-attachment and omniscience arises, yet the other four karmas, such as Vedaniya, remain in a very rare form, which is why liberation does not occur. Therefore, the cessation of these remaining rare karmas is also necessary. Only after this, when all karmas are absent, does the cycle of birth and death come to an end. This is liberation. 2-3.
Due to the absence of other reasons, such as Upashamik and the lack of Bhavyatva, liberation manifests from the realization of only right knowledge, right perception, and the state of the liberated. 4.
Like the absolute destruction of Pradhvagalika karma, the annihilation of many relative states associated with that karma is also necessary before attaining liberation. For this reason, the destruction of such states is stated here as the cause of liberation. There are four primary states: 1. Upashamik, 2. Kshayopashamik, 3. Udayik, and 4. Parinama. The first three types of states, including Upashamik, are entirely destroyed, but this is not so regarding the Parinama states. Among the Parinama states, only the Bhavyatva (potentiality) is destroyed, not the others, as aspects like Jivatva (life), existence, and all other Parinama states remain in the state of liberation. While Kshayik (the state pertaining to diminishing karma) is indeed related to karma, its absence does not occur in liberation. Hence, in the sutra, the destruction of other states, besides Kshayik Samyaktva and other states, is indicated as liberation.