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146
Tattvarthasutra
[5.42-44 Previously, the concept of result has been mentioned in several places. Hence, its form is being illustrated here.
According to Buddhist philosophy, objects are momentary and destructive of existence. According to it, the meaning of result is that it is generated and entirely destroyed, which means that after destruction, there is no existence of any entity. According to Naiyayika and other differentiating philosophies, which consider a complete distinction between qualities and substances, the meaning of result is the generation and destruction of qualities in entirely unmodified substance. The Jain philosophical view, which differs from both of these viewpoints regarding the nature of result, is expressed in this sutra.
No substance or quality is entirely unmodified. Even while experiencing modifications, no substance or quality gives up its essential nature (character). In essence, substances or qualities continue to attain various states according to simultaneous conditions, without abandoning their respective natures. This is the result of substances and qualities.
Whether the soul is in the form of a human or an animal, or in any state of existence, its essence of soulhood remains. Similarly, whether it is in the form of knowledge or the formless vision, whether it pertains to material knowledge or scriptural knowledge, consciousness remains in all states of manifestation. Whether in a dual or triple state, even in various states, matter does not abandon its materiality. Likewise, whether a white object transforms into black or a black object becomes yellow, the essence of form remains in these diverse states. This is true for every substance and every quality.
41.
Categories of Result and Division of Substratum
Anadiraadimān ca. 42.
Rūpiṣvādīmān. 43.
Yogopayogī jīveṣu. 44.
There are two types: the beginningless and the known beginning. The beginning is found in the pudgala (matter).
In living beings, yoga and upyoga (application) are beginningless. 1. See A. 5, Sū. 22, 36.