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Tattvarthasutra
[1. 1 The nature of the means - The true perception of reality, or truth, arises from the development of a quality, that is, a power; or the genuine interest in the real discrimination of the non-valuable (to be abandoned) and valuable (to be accepted) principles is right perception (samyak-darśana). The correct understanding of the living beings and other principles achieved through reasoning and evidence is right knowledge (samyak-jñāna). The enjoyment of reality resulting from the renunciation of attachment and aversion, along with the cessation of yoga, is right conduct (samyak-cāritra).
The companionship of the means - When these three means are fully attained, then complete liberation is possible; otherwise, it is not. If even one means is incomplete, complete liberation cannot be achieved. For example, even if right perception and right knowledge are fully attained, due to the incompleteness of right conduct, complete liberation does not occur in the thirteenth gunasthana (state of spiritual development), which leads to non-corporeal liberation or videhamukti. Only upon attaining complete conduct in the fourteenth gunasthana does complete liberation become possible through the completeness of all three means.
The principle of companionship - Among the three means mentioned, the first two, right perception and right knowledge, are necessarily accompanying each other.
1. The knowledge which is associated with the word 'knowledge,' in which the object is perceived both in terms of intent and form, is termed 'naya,' while the knowledge which perceives the object entirely or incompletely in the absence of the divisions of intent and form is called 'pramāṇa.' For further clarification, see Chapter 1, Sutra 6; and the Gujarati translation of Nyāyavātāra, verses 26-30.
2. Yoga refers to mental, vocal, and physical actions.
3. The abandonment of defects like violence and the observance of the great vows of non-violence are termed right conduct (samyak-cāritra), as they lead to the cessation of attachment and aversion, and the abandonment of defects and observance of the great vows are inherently established.
4. Although the conduct characterized by the state of non-attachment (vitarāga) is definitely complete in the thirteenth gunasthana, here both vitarāgata and ayogata (non-perfect conduct) are regarded as incomplete conduct. Such complete conduct is attained in the fourteenth gunasthana, leading instantaneously to non-corporeal liberation.
5. A state of the soul where, due to the culmination of meditation, there is an unshakable and steady tranquility akin to the Meru Mountain, is called the shaileshī state. For further clarification, see Hindi second karma grantha, page 30.
6. There is also a viewpoint which does not recognize the necessary companionship of perception and knowledge and instead considers an alternative companionship. According to this view, knowledge may sometimes not exist during the period of perception.