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Tattvarthasutra
[ 3. 7-18
It extends to the end. The final island is Swayambhuramana, from which the final ocean, Swayambhuramana's vastness, is doubled. The creation of islands and oceans resembles the stones of a grinder and its plate. Jambudvipa is surrounded by the salt ocean. Similarly, the salt ocean is surrounded by the metal region, the metal region by the dark ocean, the dark ocean by the Pushkaravardvipa, and the Pushkaravardvipa by the Pushkarodhi. This sequence continues up to the ocean of Swayambhuramana.
The Prakriti-Jambudvipa is circular like a plate, and the shape of all other islands and oceans is like a ring (bangle). 7-8.
The area of Jambu Dvipa and the principal mountain, Meru, are situated in the center of all the islands and oceans, meaning that it is not surrounded by any island or ocean. The vastness of Jambudvipa is one hundred thousand yojanas. It is round like a potter's wheel, not ring-shaped like salt, etc. In the middle is the Meru mountain. In brief, the description of Meru is as follows:
The height of Meru is one hundred thousand yojanas, of which one thousand yojanas is below the ground, i.e., invisible. Ninety-nine thousand yojanas is above the ground. The length and width of the underground part is ten thousand yojanas everywhere. The part above the outer section, from where the peak emerges, is one thousand yojanas long and wide. Meru has three parts. It is situated immersed in all three worlds and is surrounded by four forests. The first part is one thousand yojanas, which is underground. The second is sixty-three thousand yojanas, and the third is thirty-six thousand yojanas. The first part contains pure earth and pebbles, the second has silver, crystal, etc., and the third has an abundance of gold. The names of the four forests are Bhadrasala, Nandana, Saumanasa, and Panduka, respectively. Above the height of one hundred thousand yojanas is a peak (chulika) that is forty yojanas high. Its base is twelve yojanas wide, the middle is eight yojanas, and the top is four yojanas long and wide.
In Jambudvipa, there are mainly seven regions, which are called Vamsa, Varsha, or Vasyas. The first is Bharat, located in the south. To the north of Bharat is Hemavat, to the north of Hemavat is Hari, to the north of Hari is Videha, to the north of Videha is Ramyaka, to the north of Ramyaka is Hairanyavat, and to the north of Hairanyavat is Airavatavarsha. According to the rules of 'Behaviorsiddhi direction', Meru mountain is located in the northern part of all seven regions.
The rule of direction depends on the sunrise. When standing facing the direction of the sunrise, Meru falls to the left in the north direction. In the Bharat region, the direction of sunset is the