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5. 19-20]
The definition of pudgala by its function
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The principle of dharma and adharma is astikaya. Upon accepting this principle, the jain philosophy has also accepted the dharmastikaya principle, which regulates the limits of the state through a similar reasoning.
Since the activity of directional substance in forms such as north and south is made possible by space, it is not necessary to consider directional substance separate from space. However, the activities of dharma and adharma substances cannot be established by space, as space, being infinite and undivided, cannot prevent the sentient and non-sentient substances from moving and being situated everywhere. Thus, the establishment of a definite visible and invisible universe will remain unachievable. Therefore, it is justifiable to consider the dharma and adharma substances as distinct and independent from space. When both non-sentient and sentient are in motion, their movement in a limited spatial region cannot be assumed without a regulator. Therefore, the existence of dharma and adharma substances is logically established.
By function, the definition of pudgala is the body, speech, mind, breath in-breath, and out-breath.
Pleasure, pain, life, and death are also attributes of pudgala.
Among various pudgala functions, some are indicated here, which provide grace and restraint to the living beings. All forms of body, including the physical body, are indeed pudgala. The karmic body is transcendental, but it gives results of pleasure, pain, etc., in relation to physical substances, like rice in relation to water. Therefore, it is also pudgala.
There are two types of language—bhavabhasha and dravyabhasha. Bhavabhasha is a specific power that arises from the destruction of passions, the veil of knowledge, and the veil of scriptural knowledge, and also from the rise of the name karma known as angopanga. Since it is relative to pudgala, it is pudgalik, and the linguistic expression that transforms from the powerful soul inspired by it is termed dravyabhasha.
Since the mind that is gained and employed is dependent on pudgala, it is pudgalik. The destruction of the veil of knowledge and passions, along with the arising of angopanga karma, contributes to this.