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Tattvartha Sutra
[9.6
4. Purity - Not to have attachment even to the body along with the means of the purity-dharma - such non-covetousness is purity.
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5. Truth - Speaking words that are beneficial and true for virtuous persons is truth. The difference between linguistic propriety and truth is that maintaining discernment in conversation with every individual is linguistic propriety, while using words that are beneficial, measured, and true in discourse with one’s like-minded ascetic companions is the virtue of truth.
6. Self-control - Regulating the mind, speech, and body; practicing caution (vigilance) in thoughts, words, and actions, and conditions is self-control.
7. Austerity - Self-restraint performed for the purpose of uprooting defiled dispositions is austerity.
8. Renunciation - Bestowing knowledge and other good qualities upon a worthy recipient is renunciation.
9. Detachment - Not having the sense of possessiveness towards any object is non-possessiveness.
10. Celibacy - Practicing virtuous qualities like knowledge to remove faults and residing under the guidance of a guru in a student community (gurukul) is celibacy. There are many greatly beneficial qualities for its observance, such as attractiveness.
1. There are seventeen types of self-control, which manifest in different forms: the restraint of the five senses, the renunciation of the five vows, conquering the four passions, and the abstinence of mind, speech, and body. Similarly, there are nine forms of self-control, including five forms of immobile and four forms of mobile beings; the types of self-control known as pratyaksh (direct observation), upeksha (neglect), apahritya (removal), pramrijya (wiping away), kaya (body) self-control, speech self-control, mind self-control, and instrumental self-control make a total of seventeen types of self-control.
2. The description of this is in the sutras 16-20 of this chapter. After this, many kinds of austerities performed by ascetics are renowned in the Jain tradition, such as the two types of yavamadhya and vajramadhya; chandrayana; and the three types of kanakavalli, ratnavalli, and muktavalli; the two types of kshullaka and maha; the four forms known as saptasaptamika, ashtashtamika, navanavamika, dashadashamika; the two forms of kshudra and maha; sarvatobhadra, bhadrottara achamala; vardhaman and twelve bhiksha-pratima, etc. For a detailed description of these, refer to the book "Taporatnamahodadhi" published by the Atmananda Sabha.
3. There are five types of gurus (acharyas) - pravrajaka, digacharya, shrutoddeshta, shrutsamuddeshta, and amnayayarthavachak. The one who gives pravrajya is called pravrajaka, the one who gives permission to just the objects is called digacharya, the one who teaches the first reading of scriptures is called shrutoddeshta, the one who gives special discourse on scriptures for establishing firm understanding is called shrutsamuddeshta, and the one who reveals the essence of the introduction and exceptions of the scriptures is called amnayayarthavachak.