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162
Tattvarthasutra
[6.11-26]
The general conditions for the bondage of lifespan are addressed here. The causes of bondage are: 1. Nishīlatva - being devoid of conduct, and 2. Nirvartatva - being devoid of vows. 1. Vow - the five principal rules such as non-violence, truth, etc. 2. Conduct - adherence to additional sub-rules to support the vows, such as the three quality vows and four teaching vows. The abandonment of passions like anger and greed for the observance of these vows is also termed conduct. The absence of vows is nirvartatva, and the absence of conduct is nishīlatva. 19.
2.
Causes of bondage of karmas - 1. Despite taking up self-restraint in the form of abstention from major faults like violence, falsehood, theft, etc., if some portion of passions remains, it is termed sarāgasaṃyama. Holding on to the vows like abstaining from violence in a minimal manner is termed saṃyamasaṃyama. 3. Due to subordination or to follow harmful tendencies or to abandon food, etc., is termed akāma nirjarā. 4. Acting without discernment, such as entering fire, water, mountains, consuming poison, fasting, etc., falls under the category of balatapa. 20.
Causes of binding of inauspicious and auspicious karmas - 1. Yogavakrata - the deceitfulness of mind, speech, and body. Deceitfulness means thinking one thing, speaking another, and doing yet another. 2. Visaṃvādan - causing deviation or creating division between two affectionate individuals. Both these are due to bondage of inauspicious karmas.
Question: What is the difference between the two?
Answer: The difference is in relation to 'self' and 'other'. If there is a deviation of the tendency of mind, speech, and body concerning one's own subject, it is yogavakrata; if it pertains to another's subject, it is visaṃvādan. For example, if someone is on their way and one misleads them by saying, 'Not like this, but like that,' leading them towards the wrong path. In contrast, the simplicity of mind, speech, and body (the uniformity of tendencies) and samvādan, which means uniting two individuals by removing the differences or showing the correct path to the one going the wrong way, are both causes of the bondage of auspicious karmas. 21-22.
Causes of the bondage of Tirthankara karmas - 1. Darśana viśuddhi - pure and firm interest in the principles described by the liberated ones. 2. Vinayasampannatā - appropriate respect towards the paths and means to liberation, including knowledge. 3. Śīlavratānati-vāra - not neglecting the fundamental vows like non-violence, truth, etc., and the adherence to other rules or conduct that support them. 4. Abhīkṣṇa jñānopayoga - being always alert in knowledge regarding reality.