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12 Tattvarthasutra
[1. 10-12 Can somewhat unclear and confusing knowledge also become right knowledge upon the manifestation of right view?
Answer - This is spiritual science. Therefore, the distinction between right knowledge and wrong knowledge is made from a spiritual perspective, not from the perspective of subjects like in logic or epistemology. In logical texts, knowledge whose subject is true is termed a valid proof of right knowledge, and that whose subject is false is called a semblance of wrong knowledge. However, in this spiritual scripture, even if the division of right and wrong knowledge according to logic is accepted, it is secondary. Here, the primary division is that knowledge which leads to spiritual ascent (development) is right knowledge, and that which leads to worldly growth or spiritual decline is wrong knowledge. It is possible that a right-knowing soul, due to a lack of material, may sometimes have doubts, confusions, and unclear knowledge on some subjects; but due to being a seeker of truth and devoid of attachment, it is always eager to correct its deficiencies through the guidance of a great, authentic, and visionary person, improves itself, and primarily utilizes its knowledge for spiritual development rather than for satisfying sensual desires. The nature of a soul devoid of right knowledge is contrary to this. Due to the completeness of material, it possesses decisive, more, and clear knowledge; nevertheless, because of its attachment, it becomes arrogant and considers even the thoughts of a visionary to be insignificant, ultimately using its knowledge not for spiritual progress but for worldly significance. 9.
Discussion of proofs in that regard. 10. The first is indirect. 11. The direct is another. 12. That is, the five types of knowledge are of two kinds of proofs. The first two types of knowledge are indirect proofs. All the rest (three) are direct proofs.
Classification of proofs - The five types of knowledge, such as mental, auditory, etc., are divided into these two proofs—direct and indirect.
Definition of proof - The general definition of proof has been stated previously: knowledge that understands an object in many forms is proof. Its specific characteristics...