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The fifth chapter's subject, style, and definition have more similarity with the Vaisheshika and Samkhya philosophies than with other doctrines. Its theory of six substances recalls the six categories of the Vaisheshika philosophy. The style used here, presenting similarity and distinction, appears to be a reflection of the Vaisheshika philosophy. Although the concepts of dharmastikaya and adharmastikaya have not been proposed by any other thinker, and the self-nature of Jain philosophy is different from all other philosophies, there are many aspects related to the theory of self and pudgala that align more closely with Vaisheshika, Samkhya, etc. Like Jain philosophy, the Nyaya, Vaisheshika, and Samkhya philosophies are also substantialist in their views. Jain philosophy's concept of pudgala suggests a synthesis of the atomic theory of Vaisheshika and the naturalistic view of Samkhya, as it incorporates both beginnings and ends. On one hand, the mention of different opinions regarding time as a substance in Tattvartha, and on the other hand, its precisely defined characteristics make one feel that there is a clear influence of both Vaisheshika and Samkhya on the organizers of Jain epistemology regarding time; because Vaisheshika considers time as an independent substance, while Samkhya does not. In Tattvartha: 1. Vaisheshika Sutra, 1.1.4. 2. Prashastapada, p. 16 and onwards. 3. Tattvartha, 5.1 and 5.17; for more details see Jain literature researcher, Volume 3, Issue 1 and 4. 4. Tattvartha, 5.15-16. 5. Tattvartha, 5.2. 6. Vyavasthata Nana-3.2.20. 7. Purushabrahma Siddham, Samkhyakarika, Kanda 18. 8. Tattvartha, 5.23-28. 9. See Tarka Sangraha, description of elements like earth, etc. 10. Samkhyakarika, Kanda 22 and onwards. 11. Tattvartha, 5.38. 12. Tattvartha, 5.22. 13. 2.2.6.