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________________ AhatI-dRSTi samaNI maMgalAjA S
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________________ AhatI-dRSTi
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________________ Adarza sAhitya saMgha prakAzana
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________________ ArhatI-dRSTi [jainadarzana nibandhAvalI] 833338888889980908 BRE 188 samaNI maMgalaprajJA
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________________ (c) : Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU (rAjasthAna) artha-saujanya : zrI dilIpa baida dilIpa TreDiMga kAraporezana . 618, mahAvIra nagara, TaiMka roDa jayapura-302 018 prakAzaka : kamaleza caturvedI, prabandhaka : Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU (rAjasthAna) mUlya : pacAsI rupaye, prathama saMskaraNa 1998, mudraka : Ara ke bhAradvAja lejara evaM oNphaseTa priMTarsa dillI-110032 ARHATI DRISTI : by Samani Mangla Prajna . Rs. 85.00
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________________ zrIsaMpadA - samaNI maMgalaprajJA kI adhyayana-ruci, grahaNazIlatA aura bhAvAbhivyakti kI kSamatA ne jaina darzana ke vividha pakSoM para kArya kiyA hai / 'AhatI-dRSTi' unakI pahalI pustaka hai| isameM ikyAvana nibaMdha haiM / hara vyakti meM satya ko khojane aura tathyoM ko saMkalita karane kI manovRtti hotI hai| purAnA lekhaka bahuta khoja sakatA hai aura nayA kama, aisA koI niyama nahIM hai| nae lekhaka bhI apanI pratibhA kA upayoga karate haiM aura kucha anajAne tattvoM ko jAnakArI ke kSetra meM le jAte haiN| samaNI maMgalaprajJA ne kAphI zrama kiyA hai / unake zrama kI bUMdeM pAThaka ke mana ko bhI abhiSikta kara pAeMgI, aisA vizvAsa AcArya mahAprajJa jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM ( rAjasthAna) 15 apraila 1998
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________________ hIsaMpadA jIvana kI sArthakatA kA eka sUtra hai-zruta kI ArAdhanA / zruta kI ArAdhanA karane vAlA sAdhaka yadi gaharAI meM pahuMcatA hai to vaha prahlAda bhAva ko bhI prApta hotA hai aura jJAna ratna ko bhI upalabdha kara sakatA hai| prAkRta zloka meM kahA hai jaha-jaha suyamogAhai, aisayarasapasarasaMjuyamapuvvaM / taha-taha palhAi muNI, Nava-Nava saMvegasaddhAe / sAdhaka jaise-jaise zruta kA avagAhana karatA hai, jJAna kI gaharAiyoM meM jAtA hai| vaise-vaise use atizaya rasa AtA hai aura use Ananda kA anubhava hotA hai| usameM saMvega ke naye-naye AyAma khulate haiM aura usakI mAnasika prasannatA atyadhika bar3ha jAtI hai| . parama zraddheya gurudeva zrI tulasI aura jyotipuJja AcArya zrI mahAprajJa ke sAnnidhya aura mArgadarzana meM sAdhu-sAdhviyA~, samaNa-samaNiyAM zruta kI ArAdhanA meM Age bar3he haiM; bar3ha rahe haiN| samaNI maMgalaprajJAjI adhyayanazIla hai, darzana kA adhyayana kiyA hai, gaharAI meM paiThane kA prayAsa bhI kiyA hai, isakA pramANa hai--prastuta pustaka 'ArhatI-dRSTi' / samaNIjI ko aisI aneka pustakeM taiyAra karane kA lakSya aura yathocita prayAsa rakhanA cAhie tAki unakA svayaM kA adhyayana bhI vikasita ho aura vaha anya adhyetAoM ke lie bhI upayogI bane / vizvAsa hai, prastuta pustaka jaina-darzana ke adhyetAoM ko jJAna-khurAka dene meM arha siddha hogii| yuvAcArya mahAzramaNa bhikSu-vihAra jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 26-8-98
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________________ dhIsaMpadA jaina-darzana eka vaijJAnika darzana hai| isakI vaijJAnikatA asaMdigdha hai, kyoMki isakA utsa vItarAga vANI hai| vItarAga rAgadveSa ke vijetA hote haiM, satya ke sAkSAt draSTA hote haiM aura ananta zakti ke svAmI hote haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra isa yuga ke caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara haiN| unhoMne sAr3he bAraha varSa sAdhanA kara satya kA sAkSAtkAra kiyaa| unakI vANI jaina AgamoM meM saMdRbdha hai| AcArya zrI tulasI aura AcArya zrI mahAprajJa ke sAnnidhya meM jaina-AgamoM ke adhyayana kI vaijJAnika paddhati vikasita huii| usake kAraNa aneka sAdhu-sAdhviyAM jaina-darzana ke gaMbhIra tattvoM ko Adhunika zailI meM prastuti dene meM sakSama bane / samaNI maMgalaprajJAjI unameM se eka haiN| unheM jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, mAnya-vizva-vidyAlaya meM adhyayana adhyApana karane kA avasara upalabdha huaa| jaina vidyA pariSadoM meM saMbhAgI banane kA bhI maukA milaa| inhoMne samaya-samaya para AtmA, sarvajJatA, naya-nikSepa, anekAMta, syAdvAda, lokavAda, pariNAmavAda, karmasiddhAnta Adi vibhinna viSayoM para adhyayanapUrvaka aneka lekha likhe| 'ArhatI-dRSTi' isI prakAra ke cune hue lekhoM kA eka saMkalana hai| jaina-darzana ke jijJAsu pAThakoM ke lie prastuta kRti eka darpaNa bana sakatI hai| jo viSaya prastuta pustaka meM samAviSTa nahIM ho sake haiM, una para bhI lekhikA apanI kalama calAe aura apane lekhana ko adhika sazakta evaM surucipUrNa banAeM, yahI maMgalakAmanA sAdhvIpramukhA kanakaprabhA RSabhadvAra lADanUM 28 mArca 1998,
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________________ bhUmikA pAThakoM ke sammukha samaNI maMgalaprajJAjI kI kRti 'ArhatI-dRSTi' prastuta ho rahI hai| dRSTi zabda se sambaddha anya do zabda haiM-draSTA aura dArzanika / draSTA vaha hai jo sampUrNa satya kA sAkSAtkAra krle| dArzanika vaha hai jisane abhI sampUrNa satya ko jAnA nahIM hai; jo satya ke anusandhAna meM lagA hai / draSTA ne sampUrNa satya ko jAna liyA hai ata: usameM koI UhApoha zeSa nahIM rahA, vaha nirvikalpa evaM nirvicAra hai / dArzanika sampUrNa satya ko jAnane kA dAvA nahIM krtaa| vaha abhI satya ke anusandhAna meM lagA hai isalie UhApoha karatA hai; aneka vikalpoM meM se kauna-sA vikalpa grAhya hai, isakI cintA karatA hai| tarka-vitarka usakA upakaraNa hai / vaha vicAra ke jagat meM jItA hai; use cintaka kI garimAmayI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| - samaNI maMgalaprajJAjI draSTutva ko prApta karane kI prakriyA meM to haiM kintu unakI vartamAna bhUmikA draSTA kI nahIM, dArzanika kI hai| unakI prastuta kRti meM hama sampUrNa satya ke abhivyakta hone kI AzA nahIM kara sakate kintu satya ke prati eka suvicArita dRSTi kI apekSA avazya kI jA sakatI hai| yaha suvicArita dRSTi arhat arthAt draSTA ke sAtha jur3akara prAmANikatA ko prApta ho jAtI hai, isalie hI prastuta kRti kA nAmakaraNa 'ArhatI-dRSTi' huA hai| samasta bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki ve draSTA dvArA pratipAdita sampUrNa satya kI maryAdAoM ke antargata hI UhApoha, tarka-vitarka aura saGkalpa-vikalpa kI aThakheliyAM karate haiN| tarka dudhArI talavAra hai; vaha Agama ke viruddha bhI jA sakatI hai aura Agama ke pakSa meM bhii| bhAratIya dArzanika isa sambandha meM pUrNata: sAvadhAna hai ki usakA tarka AgamAnukUla ho, Agama viruddha nhiiN| zrutimatastarko'nusandhIyatAm' / samaNI maMgalaprajJAjI ne bhI apanI isa kRti meM isI bhAratIya paramparA kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| - pazcima ke kucha vicAraka, aura unakA anukaraNa karane vAle kucha bhAratIya bhI, yaha Aropa lagAte rahe haiM ki bhAratIya-darzana dharma kA pichalaggU hai kyoMki yahAM kA dArzanikaM Agamokta satya ko antima satya mAnakara calatA hai| ApAtata: yaha Aropa satya pratIta hotA hai kintu gambhIratA se dekheM to isa Aropa kA khokhalApana do AyAmoM meM spaSTa ho jAtA hai| prathamata: deza kAla ke anusAra paristhitiyoM ke badala jAne para
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________________ 12 / ArhatI-dRSTi bhI manuSya svabhAva kI kucha aisI mUlabhUta pravRttiyAM haiM jo badalatI nahIM; una pravRttiyoM se sambaddha samasyAeM aura samAdhAna zAzvata haiN| Agama unhIM zAzvata samAdhAnoM kA pratinidhi hai / tarka ke AdhAra para ina samAdhAnoM ke sAtha cher3achAr3a karanA mAnava-kalyANa ke sAtha khilavAr3a karanA hai| bhAratIya dArzanika tarka kI naukA ko vicAra kI saritA meM khete samaya zraddhA kI patavAra kabhI nahIM chor3atA aura isalie usakI naukA eka dina usa taTa para A lagatI hai jise mukti kahA jAtA hai aura jahAM svayaM tarka kI naukA bhI anAvazyaka ho jAtI hai / jIvana ke zAzvata mUlyoM ke prati pratibaddhatA ke abhAva meM dArzanika kA tarka-vitarka kevala vAgavilAsa yA vAkchala hI hokara raha jAtA hai |smnnii maMgalaprajJAjI kI kRti meM mokSa kI prabala icchA pratibimbita hotI hai, vAgvilAsa kI bAla capalatA nhiiN| AsthA ke binA tarka-vitarka manoraJjana bhale hI kara de, lekina jIvana ko koI nizcita dizA nahIM de paataa| bhAratIya paramparA meM jaina, bauddha athavA vaidika, kisI bhI sampradAya ke dArzanika kyoM na rahe hoM, unhoMne hajAroM-hajAroM sAdhakoM ko dizA dI hai| pazcima kA dArzanika yaha nahIM kara paayaa| jaina-darzana kI eka vizeSatA hai ki vaha kisI dRSTi ko eka dRSTikoNa hI mAnatA hai, sampUrNa satya kA pratinidhi nhiiN| isalie usake lie dRSTi kI vibhinnatA athavA dRSTi kA pArasparika virodha bhI koI samasyA utpanna nahIM karatA pratyuta satya ke vRhad se vRhattara rUpa ko ujAra karane kA mAdhyama banane ke kAraNa abhinandanIya hI siddha hotA hai| anekAnta kA yaha dRSTikoNa anta meM dArzanikatA ko'draSTatva meM pariNata kara detA hai| yadi sampUrNa samudra ko dRSTi se ojhala nahIM kiyA jAye to samudra jala kI eka ba~da sampUrNa samudra ke jala ke svAda se hameM paricita karavA sakatI hai| jaina AcArya 'kathaJcit' ke pakSapAtI rahe haiM, 'sarvathA' kA unhoMne sarvadA virodha kiyA hai parasamayANaM vayaNaM micchaM khalu savvahA vynnaa| jeNANaM puNa vayaNaM sammaM khu kahaMci vynnaado| samaNI maMgalaprajJAjI ne 'ArhatI-dRSTi' meM aneka vicArottejaka prazna uThAye haiN| unakA prathama lekha hI yaha prazna upasthita karatA hai ki jar3a aura cetana meM paraspara sambandha kaise sthApita hotA hai ? prazna rocaka hai kintu aisA nahIM hai ki isakA uttara idamitthantrayA diyA jA ske| jaina AcArya anekAnta para AdhRta bhedAbhedavAda kA Azraya lekara prazna kA uttara denA cAhate haiN| bahuzruta lekhikA ne anya darzanoM ke bhI samAdhAnoM kI ora lekha meM iGgita kiyA hai / lekha meM kevala saGkalana nahIM hai, maulikatA bhI hai, udAharaNata:
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________________ kahA gayA hai ki pudgala kA AkarSaNa senTarI pITala hai aura AtmA kA AkarSaNa senTarI phyUgala hai / paramparAgata bahir Atman aura antar Atman ko vijJAna kI senTarI pITala aura senTarI phyUgala saMjJAoM se abhihita karanA lekhikA kI apanI maulika sUjhabUjha kA pariNAma hai| isapara bhI yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki prazna kA antima samAdhAna lekha meM ho gayA hai |daarshnik kA kAma antima samAdhAna denA hai bhI nahIM, usakA iSTa devatA 'prazna' hai, 'uttara' nahIM / prazna ko ThIka pariprekSya meM prastuta kara denA usakA prathama kartavya hai, uttara kI khoja to nirantara calane vAlI prakriyA hai| saMskRta kA 'ka' zabda praznavAcaka bhI hai aura parama tattva kA vAcaka bhii| 'kasmai devAya haviSA vidhema' ke donoM artha haiM--yaha prazna bhI hai ki hama kisa tattva kI upAsanA kareM aura uttara bhI hai ki hama parama-tattva kI upAsanA kareM / parama-tattva kyoMki sadA hI rahasyamaya banA rahatA hai isalie usakA 'ka' nAma sArthaka hai / prastuta kRti meM isa 'ka' devatA kI hI upAsanA hai| isa 'ka' devatA kI upAsanA meM hI Ananda nihita hai| ____ prastuta kRti meM jo prazna uThAye gaye haiM, unameM se adhikatara purAne haiM kintu kucha prazna nitAnta navIna bhI haiM, udAharaNata: AtmA ke vajana kA prazna / kucha viSaya to purAne haiM kintu unheM navIna pariprekSya meM dekhane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai, udAharaNata: paramparAgata dasa saMjJAoM ko Adhunika manovijJAna ke saMdarbha meM dekhA gayA hai / kucha lekhoM meM prAcIna sAmagrI ko nayA rUpa de diyA gayA hai, jaisA ki jaina vyAkhyA paddhati viSayaka lekha meM dekhane ko milatA hai / tulanAtmaka adhyayana kA puTa sabhI lekhoM meM hai kintu kucha lekha zuddha rUpa se tulanAtmaka hI haiM, jaise 'vibhinna bhAratIya darzanoM meM Azrava' / anekAnta sambandhI pAMca chaha lekhoM meM anekAnta kA saiddhAntika svarupa to spaSTa kiyA hI gayA hai, vyAvahArika rUpa bhI batAyA gayA hai| sabhI prakAra ke dArzanika praznoM se jUjhate samaya lekhikA ke avacetana mana meM Adhunika pAThaka ke mana meM uThane vAle sandeha chAye rahe haiM aura vaha una praznoM kA samAdhAna kevala paramparAgata zAstrIya paddhati se karake hI santuSTa nahIM hotI hai apitu pAzcAtya vicArakoM ke vicAroM kA bhI upayoga karatI haiN| AtmA kA astitva evaM punarjanma ke prazna kucha usI prakAra ke prazna haiM / prAcIna kAla ke lekhaka ina avadhAraNAoM ko mAnakara calate the, inakI siddhi kA vizeSa prayala nahIM karate the, kintu Aja kA pAThaka zAyada kucha bhI mAnakara calane ko taiyAra nahIM hai| isalie punarjanma jaisI avadhAraNA bhI pramANa kI apekSA rakhatI hai| aneka sthaloM para lekhikA kI pratipAdana zailI sahaja hI pAThaka ko bA~dha letI
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________________ 14 / AItI-dRSTi hai, udAharaNata: 'jaina yoga meM anuprekSA' nAmaka lekha ke prArambhika kucha vAkya leM-'yaha saMsAra zabda evaM arthamaya hai| zabda artha ke bodhaka hote haiN| artha vyaGgaya evaM zabda vyaJjaka hotA hai| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM zabda evaM artha donoM kA hI upayoga hotA hai| sAdhaka zabda ke mAdhyama se artha taka pahuMcatA hai tathA antata: artha ke sAtha usakA tAdAtmya sthApita ho jAtA hai| artha se tAdAtmya sthApita hone se dhyeya, dhyAna evaM dhyAtA kA vaividhya samApta hokara unameM ekatva ho jAtA hai / usa ekatva kI anubhUti meM yoga paripUrNatA ko prApta hotA hai| isI prakAra samyak darzana ke mahattva ko pratipAdita karane ke lie lekhikA dvArA yaha uddharaNa diyA jAnA pAThaka ke mana para gaharI chApa chor3atA hai bhraSTenApi ca cAritrAd darzanamiha dRr3hataraM grahItavyaM / sidhyanti caraNarahitA darzanarahitA na sidhyanti / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaina darzana ke itihAsa meM aneka par3Ava aise Aye jaba jaina darzana ne kinhIM cunautiyoM kA sAmanA karane ke lie nayA mor3a liyaa| sUtrayuga kI cunautiyoM ko tattvArthasUtra ne jhelA |prmaann-yug kI cunautiyoM kA nyAyAvatAra aura AptamImAMsA ne sAmanA kiyaa| adhyAtma-pradhAna svara ko kunda-kunda ne mukharita kiyaa| cAritra kI zithilatA kA mukAbalA AcArya bhikSu ne kiyaa| Aja ke yuga meM do naI cunautiyAM jaina darzana ke sAmane haiM-eka pAzcAtya cintana evaM dUsarA vijJAna / samaNI maMgalaprajJAjI ne apane lekhoM meM ina donoM cunautiyoM ko apane sAmane rakhate huye vicAra-vimarza kiyA hai| AtmA ke astitva ko siddha karate samaya unhoMne na kevala pAzcAtya dArzanikoM kA mata apitu vaijJAnikoM kA mata bhI diyA hai |punrjnm ke sambandha meM proTo-plAjmA kA ullekha atyanta rocaka evaM jJAnavardhaka hai| nandI ke kathana 'akkharassa aNaMtatamo bhAgo niccughADio havaI' kA Cosmological Freedom ke sAtha sambandha sthApita karanA lekhikA kI bahuzrutatA kA paricAyaka hai / isI prakAra 'dravya evaM astikAya kI avadhAraNA' ke saMdarbha meM lekhikA ne na kevala jainetara bhAratIya darzana kA apitu pAzcAtya darzanoM kA bhI mata bahulatayA uddhRta kiyA hai / pariNAmavAda ke prasaMga meM Philosophy of being tathA Philosophy of becoming kA ullekha sarvathA prAsaGgika hai / jaina lokavAda ke siddhAnta kI DArvina ke vikAsavAda se tulanA bhI lokavAda aura vikAsavAda ke adhyetAoM ke lie jJAnavardhaka siddha hogii| jJAna ke pA~ca prakAroM kA sAGgopAGga varNana jaina jJAna-mImAMsA ke adhyetAoM ke lie prAmANika
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________________ DhaMga se vipula sAmagrI prastuta karatA hai / mallavAdI ke dvAdazAra nayacakra sambandhI lekha meM lekhikA ne alpa paricita viSaya kI ora hamArA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai| bhAratIya darzanoM kA vastuvAdI evaM pratyayavAdI darzanoM ke rUpa meM vibhAjana sabhI darzanoM kI samajha ko bar3hAne vAlA hai| prasaGgavaza mithyAtvI kI karaNI se nirjarA hone kA siddhAnta bhI AyA hai jo lekhikA ke parama ArAdhya AcArya bhikSu kA yogadAna hai| dRSTivAda ke antargata utkAlika sUtra ke zabdArtha kA vizleSaNa karate huye lekhikA ne kahA hai ki isa sUtra meM anya darzanoM kA varNana thA; 'anya dArzanika jisa kisI bhI samaya carcA ke lie A jAte the ata: usakA samaya nizcita nahIM thA, ata: vaha utkAlika sUtra ke rUpa meM parigaNita thaa|' ina saba prasaGgoM se lekhikA kI bahuzrutatA, dArzanika viSayoM ke upasthApita karane kI kSamatA aura maulika sUjha-bUjha parilakSita hotI hai| lekhikA eka samaNI haiM / unakA guru ke prati sarvatobhAvena samarpaNabhAva hai / terApaMtha ke navama AcArya zrI tulasI aura vartamAna dazama AcArya zrI mahAprajJa kI dekharekha meM unakI zikSA-dIkSA huyI hai| ina donoM AcAryoM ne apane AcArya nAma ko anvarthaka banAte huye saMgha meM pUrNa zakti se AcAra kA pravartana kiyaa| jaina-paramparA meM AcAra zabda itanA vyApaka hai ki usake antargata darzana, caritra,tapa evaM vIrya ke sAtha jJAna bhI samAviSTa ho jAtA hai| prastuta kRti jJAnAcAra kI ArAdhanA kA abhinava phala hai / maiM vyaktigatarUpa se bhI lekhikA kI sAdhanA kA sAkSI rahA hUM aura isa AdhAra para kaha sakatA hUM ki unakI sAdhanA ke pariNAma svarUpa aura bhI adhika sarasa, susvAdu tathA sugandhita phala hameM prApta hone vAle haiN| unake nAma meM par3A maMgala zabda unakI sAdhanA ke samasta vighnoM kA nAza karegA, isI AzA sahita, . durgASTamI, vikrama samvata 2055 DaoN. dayAnanda bhArgava vibhAgAdhyakSa, jaina vidyA evaM tulanAtmaka dharma, darzana vibhAga jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, ( mAnya-vizva-vidyAlaya) lADanUM
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________________ prastAvanA astitva kI jijJAsA ke sAtha darzana kA janma hotA hai| jIva evaM jagat ke astitva ko jAnane/samajhane kI manovRtti ne darzana jagat meM vibhinna AyAmoM kA udghATana kiyA hai| AcArAMgasUtra 'maiM kauna hUM?, kahAM se AyA hUM? isa astitva kI jijJAsA se hI prArambha hotA hai| draSTA puruSoM ne Atmadarzana kI prakriyA ke dvArA isa jijJAsA ko samAhita kiyaa| Agama yuga meM Atma-sAkSAtkArakartA RSi upasthita the| unhoMne sAdhanA ke dvArA vastu satya kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA tathA syAdvAda maryAdita vANI se usako abhivyakta kiyaa| jaba taka AtmadraSTA RSi upasthita the taba taka vastu satya ke nirupaNa ke lie hetuvAda' ke upayoga kI AvazyakatA nahIM thii| RSi yuga meM hetu nahIM thA aisA to nahIM kahA jA sakatA kintu usake prayoga kA kSetra sImita thA, yaha nirvivAda svIkRti hai| samaya bdlaa| sAkSAt draSTA RSi paramparA vicchinna ho gyii| taba satya prApti kA sAdhana hetu banA |aagmyug meM satya bodha kA sAdhana RSiyoM kA sAdhanA bala thaa| darzana-yuga meM vaha sthAna tarka evaM hetu ko prApta ho gyaa| Agama yuga meM prApta satyoM ko pramANa evaM tarka ke dvArA surakSita rakhane kA prayala kiyA gyaa| jisa satya kA anveSaNa RSiyoM ne kiyA thA, tarkaga meM use heta kI kasauTI para kasane kA prayala huaa| sabhI bhAratIya dArzanika paramparAoM kA praveza pramANa ke kSetra meM huaa| jaina paramparA bhI isase achUtI nahIM rhii|ydypi yaha satya hai ki pramANa yuga meM jaina tArkikoM kA praveza anya tArkikoM kI apekSA bAda meM huaa| jaina dArzanika, pramANayuga meM praveza karake apane samakAlIna ciMtakoM kI zreNI meM to praviSTa ho gaye kintu Agamayuga meM prApta satyoM ko yathAvat surakSita nahIM rakha sakeM, apitu yoM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki Agama kI bahuta-sI maulika prasthApanAeM unake hAtha se nikala gyii| . ___ Agama ke Aloka meM darzana kI prastuti Aja ke yuga kI anivArya apekSA hai| AcAryazrI tulasI evaM AcArya zrI mahAprajJa isa apekSA ko aneka bAra abhivyakta kara cuke haiN| Agama kA darzana mahattvapUrNa hai, vartamAna yuga meM usakI prastuti kI apekSA hai| AcArya zrI mahAprajJa jI aharniza isa dizA meM prayalazIla hai| varSoM se Agama
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________________ 18 / ArhatI-dRSTi zodha/ saMpAdana ke kArya meM nirata unakI antaHprajJA nitya navIna tathyoM ko udghATita karane meM samartha hai| gurudeva zrI tulasI evaM AcArya zrI mahAprajJa jI ke athaka parizrama se jainAgamoM kA punaruddhAra huA hai evaM ho rahA hai| gurudeva zrI tulasI ne aneka bAra kahA-Aja jaina vidyA ke gambhIra vidvAnoM kI AvazyakatA hai / unakA nimaNa kiyA jAye, yaha vartamAna yuga kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai| apane isa cintana kI 'krayAnviti ke lie unhoMne apane jIvana kAla meM saghana prayala kiye| AcArya zrI mahAprajJa jI unake hara cintana evaM kriyAnvayana meM ananya sahayogI bane rhe| ___ jaina vidyA kA saghana prazikSaNa diyA jAye isa dizA meM varSoM se prayala cala hI rahe the| eka bAra lADanUM meM 1986 meM AcAryazrI tulasI ke sAnnidhya evaM tatkAlIna yuvAcArya zrI mahAprajJa jI ke nirdezana meM vidhivat snAtakottara stara ke pAThyakrama kA nirdhAraNa huaa| prArambha meM kucha vyaktiyoM ko usa pAThyakrama ke adhyayana ke lie cayanita kiyA gyaa| usa adhyayana prakriyA meM mujhe bhI yojita hone kA saubhAgya prApta huaa| adhyayana ke lie ATha pepara nirdhArita huye| pAThyakrama mukhyata: Agama evaM Agama ke nikaTavartI graMthoM ke AdhAra para nirmita huA, jisameM jaina darzana kI aneka navIna evaM mukhya avadhAraNAoM kA samAveza huaa| pAThyakrama nirmANa ke sAtha hI usake adhyayana kA mukhya dAyitva paramapUjya AcArya zrI mahAprajJa jI para thaa| mujhe acchI taraha smaraNa hai ki ATha meM se cAra pepara kA adhyayana pUjya AcAryavara ne karavAyA thaa| do-do pepara ke adhyApana kA dAyitva antarrASTrIya khyAtiprApta DaoN. nathamala TATiyA evaM vizruta vidvAn DaoN. dayAnanda bhArgava ne bar3I hI niSThA ke sAtha vahana kiyA thA |is adhyayana kAla meM vAcana ke sAtha-sAtha vidyArthI ko lekhana ke lie protsAhita kiyA jAtA / saptAha athavA pandraha dina meM vidyArthI ko apane pAThya viSaya para kucha likhanA Avazyaka hotA thaa| pandraha dina meM gurudeva ke sAnidhya meM saMgoSThI hotI thI, jisameM sabhI vidyArthiyoM ko apanA likhita vaktavya prastuta karanA hotA thaa| yaha krama gurudeva ke lADanUM pravAsa meM prAya: calatA rahA, jisase vidyArthiyoM kI lekhana ke prati abhiruci banI rahI, tatpazcAt parIkSA ke lakSya se bhI usa viSaya se sambandhita lekhana kA krama nirantara calatA rahA |smnnshrennii ke bAraha varSa kI sampannatA para eka ciMtana ubharA ki isa avasara para pUjya gurudeva ke zrI caraNoM meM koI racanAtmaka upahati prastuta kI jaaye| kriyAnvayana ke phalasvarupa usa samaya maiMne bhI jaina darzana se sambandhita lekhoM kA saMgraha 'arpaNA' nAma se gurudeva ke zrIcaraNoM meM upahRta kiyaa| usIkA saMvardhita evaM ra
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________________ pariSkRta rUpa prastuta pustaka 'AhatI- dRSTi' hai| / vibhinna kAlakhaNDoM meM likhita ina nibaMdhoM ko pustaka rUpa dene kI na kalpanA thI na hI aisA lakSya thA, kiMtu eka saMyoga milA aura ve lekha pustakAkAra meM prastuta haiN| prastuta kRti meM dravya-mImAMsA, anekAnta, dhyAna, anuprekSA, syAdvAda, naya, nikSepa evaM jJAna-mImAMsA Adi viSayoM se sambaddha lekha samAviSTa hai| prastuta prayAsa darzana kI jijJAsA ko saMvardhita karane meM sahayogI bana sake, yahI mere zrama kI sArthakatA hai| AbhAra-prastuti - AsthA ke amiTadhAma paramazraddheya pUjya gurudeva zrI tulasI zakti ke mahApuJja the| unake kaNa-kaNa se UrjA kA Urjasvala pravAha satata pravAhita thaa| unakI amiyapagI sannidhi meM Agama-amRta kA nirjhara avirala gatizIla thaa| usa AlokapuJja kI amRta-sannidhi meM rahane evaM gurudeva ke zrImukha se aneka graMthoM kI vAcanA prApta karane kA apUrva saubhAgya mujhe prApta huaa| usa divyAtmA ke prati zAbdika kRtajJatA jJApita , kara upacAra nibhAnA nahIM cAhatI apitu unase prApta preraNA ke AdhAra para adhyAtma evaM jJAna ke kSetra meM nirantara prayatnazIla banI rahaM, yahI hArdika abhIpsA hai| .adhyAtma evaM darzana ke zikhara puruSa, zraddhA aura samarpaNa ke mahAsumeru prajJA-puruSa AcArya zrI mahAprajJa jI kA prajJA Aloka samprati jana-jana meM zAMti evaM citta samAdhi kA abhinava prasAda vitarita kara rahA hai| ApakA Agama, adhyAtma evaM darzana kA gahanagambhIra jJAna usa dizA meM prasthAna karane vAloM ke lie Aloka-stambha hai / apane ziSya samudAya ko vibhinna kSetroM meM vizeSajJatA prApta karavAne ke lie Apa kRta-saMkalpa haiN| Apake sAgaravaragaMbhIrA evaM caMdesu nimmalayarA jaise udAtta prabhAsvara vyaktitva ke * prajJAmaNDala meM baiThakara adhyAtma evaM darzana ke amRta-kaNa baTorane kA anamola avasara mujhe prApta huA hai / yaha avasara mujhe satata upalabdha hotA rahe evaM ApazrI ke maMgala AzIrvAda se maiM satata. vikAsa ke mArga para gatizIla banI rahUM, yahI kAmanA hai| . terApaMtha dharmasaMgha ke navodita sUrya paramapUjya yuvAcAryazrI mahAzramaNajI adhyAtma zakti ke pratIka haiN| unake adhyAtmonmukhI vyaktitva se adhyAtma kI prakhara preraNA svata: sphUrta hai / unakA prasanna evaM prazAMta AbhAvalaya sAdhaka meM abhinava ullAsa kA saMcAra kara detA hai / Apase prApta preraNA jIvana vikAsa kA pAtheya banatI rahe, yaha kAmya hai| / paramazraddheyA saMgha mahAnidezikA mahAzramaNI sAdhvIpramukhAzrI kanakaprabhAjI sAdhvI samAja kA gaurava hai| Apake mahimA maNDita vyaktitva evaM netRtva ne sAdhvI samAja koM / garimApUrNa UMcAiyAM pradAna kI hai| saMgha ke hara sadasya ke prati ApakA vAtsalyapUrNa
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________________ 20/ ArhatI-dRSTi vyavahAra usameM vikAsa ke abhinava spandana prasphuTita karatA hai / Apa dvArA preraNA-pAtheya prApta kara nirantara pragati ke patha para bar3hatI rahUM, yaha merA abhilaSita hai| prastuta pustaka 'ArhatI-dRSTi' parama pUjya AcAryavara ke caraNoM meM baiThakara jo kucha sIkhA, usakI pratidhvanimAtra hai / 'terA tujhako sauMpate kyA lAgata hai moya' kI abhivyakti merA samarpaNa sUtra hai| isameM jo kucha zreya hai vaha isa adhyAtma-catuSTyI kA hai| maiM inake prati kRtajJatA kA upacAra nibhAnA nahIM cAhatI apitu inakA anuzAsana, AzIrvAda, vAtsalya evaM preraNA mere sRjana karma ko saMvardhita karane meM nimitta bane, yahI hArdika AkAMkSA hai| jaina-vizva-bhAratI ke zAnta, svaccha, AdhyAtmika parisara meM samaNI niyojikA jI evaM sabhI samaNIjI kA sahaja, AtmIya sahakAra prApta kara Antarika prasannatA kI anubhUti hotI hai| ___ isa pustaka ke nirIkSaNa evaM parIkSaNa meM jaina darzana evaM veda-vijJAna ke labdhapratiSTha evaM khyAtanAmA vidvAn AdaraNIya DaoN. dayAnanda bhArgava kA amUlya mArgadarzana prApta huaa| unhoMne isa pustaka kI bhUmikA lekhana meM apane amUlya kSaNoM kA niyojana karake prastuta kRti kI mUlyavattA ko vRddhiMgata kiyA hai| isake lie unake prati hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita karatI hU~ / jinakA bhI pratyakSa evaM parokSa meM sahakAra prApta huA hai, una sabhI ke prati vinamra kRtajJa praNati / maiM nirantara isa kSetra meM gati karatI rahU~, isI maMgala evaM zubhakAmanA ke sAtha samaNI maMgalaprajJA gautama jJAnazAlA jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM 5 aprela 1998
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________________ viSayAnukramaNikA 1. jIva aura zarIra ke sambandha setu 2. Atma-mImAMsA. 3. AtmA evaM punarjanma 4. AtmA kA vajana 5. AtmA kI deha parimitatA 6. jIva kI pahacAna 7. jIva aura jIvAtmA arhat kI sarvajJatA 9. vicayadhyAna aura anuprekSA 10. jainayoga meM anuprekSA 11. dhutAdhyayana : eka parizIlana 12. samyag darzana : svarUpa vimarza 13. dravya evaM astikAya kI avadhAraNA 14. guNa paryAya bheda yA abheda 15. pariNAmavAda 16. tattvavAda ke kSetra meM jaina darzana kI maulika dena 17. dravyArthika, evaM paryAyArthika naya 18. vyaJjanaparyAya aura arthaparyAya 19. dvAdazAra nayacakra meM naya kA vizleSaNa 20. nikSepavAda 21. satya vyAkhyA kA dvAra : anekAnta 22. anekAnta kA tAttvika evaM tArkika AdhAra 23. samAja vyavasthA meM anekAnta 24. anekAnta kI sarvavyApakatA 25. vibhajyavAda 26. syAdvAda
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________________ 184 187 195 217 221 234 22 / ArhatI-dRSTi 27. caturvidha sat kI avadhAraNA 28. bhagavatI ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI 29. lokavAda : vikAsa kA siddhAMta 30. jaina vyAkhyA paddhati : eka anuzIlana 31. kAla svabhAvAdi paMcaka 32. karma siddhAnta aura kSAyopazamika bhAva 33. vibhinna bhAratIya darzanoM meM Azrava 34. nava tattva : upayogitAvAda 35. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya : eka paricaya . 36. jJAna svarUpa vimarza 37. jainajJAna mImAMsA kA vikAsa 38. matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna 39. avadhijJAna 40. mana : paryavajJAna 41. kevalajJAna 42. matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna kI bhedarekhA 43. indriya pratyakSa prakriyA : jaina evaM bauddha paramparA 44. zrutanizrita evaM azrutanizrita utpatti evaM vikAsa , 45. zrutAnusArI azrutAnusArI kI avadhAraNA 46. kAlika evaM utkAlika sUtra 47. dhArAvAhika jJAna : prAmANya eka cintana 48. prAmANya svata: yA parata: 49. zarIra meM atIndriya jJAna ke sthAna 50. manovijJAna ke sandarbha meM dasa saMjJAeM 51. parokSa pramANa kI prAmANikatA * saMdarbha grantha sUcI 253 264 285 296 310 225 339 344 348 354 361 366 378
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________________ jIva aura zarIra ke sambandha setu vizva-prahelikA ko sulajhAne kA prayatna sabhI dArzanikoM ne kiyA hai| jagat kI vyAkhyA sabhI ne apanI dRSTi se bhinna-bhinna prakAra se kI hai| sabhI ke sAmane yaha pramukha samasyA thI ki isa jagat kA niyAmaka tattva kyA hai ? jagat kA sampUrNa prapaMca eka tattva kA vistAra hai athavA aneka tattvoM kI samanviti hai| dvaitavAdI aura advaitavAdI vicAradhArA ___ vizva-vyAkhyA ke saMdarbha meM do prakAra kI vicAradhArAoM kA prasphuTana huAdvaitavAdI aura advaitavAdI |advaitvaadiyoN ne eka tattva ke AdhAra para vizva-vyAkhyA prastuta kii| dvaitavAda ne do tattvoM ko vizva vyAkhyA meM AdhArabhUta bnaayaa| advaitavAda meM bhUtAdvaita tathA caitanyAdvaita prasiddha hai / bhUtAdvaitavAdiyoM ke anusAra yaha jagat jar3a dravya se paidA huA hai| jar3a se bhinna kisI cetana nAmaka dravya kA svatantra astitva nahIM hai| cetana kI utpatti jar3a se hI huI hai / cetanAdvaitavAda meM kahA hai-sampUrNa jagat cetanAmaya hai| cetana bhinna jar3a kA koI astitva nahIM hai / cetanAdvaita (brahmAdvaita) meM vedAnta tathA bhUtAdvaita (jar3Advaita) meM cArvAka kA zIrSastha sthAna hai| dvaitavAda kI jagat vyAkhyA do tattvoM kI phalazruti hai / unake anusAra yaha dRzyamAna carAcara jagata na kevala jar3a se paidA haA hai aura na hI cetana se / cetana tathA jar3a kI samanviti se hI yaha jagata hai| cetana jar3a ko paidA nahIM kara sktaa| acetana cetana kA utpattikAraka nahIM hai / donoM kA svataH svatantra astitva hai| ina donoM ke yoga se sRSTi kA janma hotA hai / yaha dvaitavAda kI avadhAraNA hai| vijAtIya tattvoM ke sambandha kI samasyA - advaitavAda ke sAmane sambandha kI samasyA nahIM thI yadyapi brahma (cetana) se jar3a athavA jar3a se cetana kI utpatti kaise huI yaha samasyA unake sAmane thI parantu do visadRza tattvoM kA yoga kaise huA yaha kaThinAI unake samakSa nahIM thI / dvaitavAdI darzanoM ko isa samasyA se jUjhanA pdd'aa| do visadRza padArthoM kA paraspara sambandha kaise ho sakatA hai, isakA samAdhAna denA unake lie Avazyaka ho gayA thA |saaNkhy prakRti evaM / puruSa ye do tattva mAnatA hai| puruSa amUrta, akartA hai| sAMkhya darzana ke anusAra baMdha
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________________ 24 / ArhatI-dRSTi evaM mokSa puruSa ke nahIM hote haiM / unake anusAra prakRti hI baMdhatI hai aura vahI mukta hotI hai| 'prakRtireva nAnApuruSAzrayA satI badhyate saMsarati mucyate ca na puruSa iti / usane visadRza padArthoM kA sambandha karavAye binA hI saMsAra kI vyAkhyA kii| vikAsa kA pUrA bhAra prakRti para hI DAla diyaa| jo kArya cetana dravya ko karanA thA vaha kArya buddhi se krvaayaa| puruSa ko sarvathA amUrta mAna lene ke kAraNa hI buddhi ko ubhaya mukhAkAra darpaNa kI upamA se upamita kiyA gyaa| vijJAnavAdI bauddha ne isa prazna ko hI TAla diyaa| usane kahA--vijJAna hI sat hai / bAhya padArtha kA astitva hI nahIM hai / ataH unakI sambandha kI carcA hI anAvazyaka hai| bhagavAn buddha se bhI prazna pUchA gayA-AtmA aura zarIra meM bheda hai yA abheda? unhoMne AtmA aura zarIra meM sarvathA na bheda ko svIkAra kiyA na hI abheda ko| unhoMne kahA-zarIra aura AtmA meM sarvathA bheda yA abheda mAnane se brahmacaryavAsa sambhava nahIM hai / ataH maiM madhyama mArga kA upadeza detA huuN| naiyAyika evaM vaizeSika bhI dvaitavAdI dArzanika haiN| unake yahAM bhI paramANu tathA cetana--ye donoM bhinna tattva haiM / jagat ke upAdAna kAraNa ye hI haiN| inakA sambandha IzvarIya zakti ke dvArA hotA hai / inako ina donoM meM sambandha karavAne ke lie nimitta kAraNa ke rUpa meM Izvara ko svIkAra karanA pdd'aa| . pAzcAtya mata bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke samakSa hI yaha samasyA nahIM thI, pAzcAtya dArzanika bhI AtmA aura zarIra meM kyA sambandha hai isa para nirantara cintana kara rahe the| kisI ne advaitavAda kA samarthana karake samasyA se mukti pAne kA prayatna kiyA to kisI ne dvaitavAda ko svIkRti dekara cetana aura jar3a meM sambandha khojane kA prayala kiyaa| beneDikTa spinojA advaitavAda ke samarthaka the| unhoMne manas aura zarIra ko eka hI tattva ke do pahala ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA, ataH una do tattvoM meM paraspara sambandha kI samasyA hI nahIM thii| lAibanitsa ne mana aura zarIra meM kArya-kAraNabhAva svIkAra karake samasyA ko samAhita karane kA prayatna kiyaa| unake anusAra mana kA zarIra para aura zarIra kA mana para koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| rene dekArta ne Mind and body, manas (AtmA) aura zarIra kI nirapekSa sattA svIkAra kii| una donoM kI kriyA, svabhAva, svarUpa meM bhI bhinnatA kA spaSTa pratipAdana
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________________ - jIva aura zarIra ke sambandha setu / 25 kiyaa| jar3a tattva kA mukhya lakSaNa vistAra tathA cetana dravya kA lakSaNa vicAra hai| dekArta ke zabdoM meM-The mind or soul of a man is entirely different from body. jaba do tattvoM kI nirapekSa sattA svIkRta huI to unakA Apasa meM kyA sambandha hai yaha samasyA mahattvapUrNa ho gii| jaba donoM sarvathA bhinna haiM to inameM paraspara antarkiyA kaise hotI hai ? mana kA zarIra para aura zarIra kA mana para prabhAva kaise par3atA hai? dekArta ne isakA samAdhAna zarIrazAstrIya dRSTikoNa se diyaa| usane batalAyA ki zarIra kA mana aura mana kA zarIra para vAstavika rUpa se koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| usane zarIra aura AtmA (manasa) kA sambandha-setu mastiSka ke agrabhAga meM sthita pIniyala granthi ko maanaa| isI granthi ke kAraNa mana aura zarIra meM paraspara sahayoga dikhalAI par3atA hai / dekArta ke isa abhyupagama para kaI ApattiyAM bhI upasthita kI gayIM, jaise(1) nirAkAra AtmA sAkAra pIniyala meM kaise rahatI hai ? (2) do bhinna tattvoM meM paraspara antakriyA kaise ho sakatI hai? (3) dekArta kA yaha siddhAnta zakti saMrakSaNa ke viruddha hai| yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki zArIrika ghaTanAoM se mAnasika ghaTanAeM aura mAnasika se zArIrika ghaTanAeM hotI haiM / dekArte ke siddhAnta meM uparyukta kaThinAiyAM hote hue bhI Adhunika vaijJAnika zarIra aura mana meM antakriyA mAnate haiM / isa samasyA ko sulajhAne ke lie cintakoM kA dhyAna kendrita huA hai tathA isako sulajhAne ke lie prayala bhI kie haiN| jaina darzana kI mAnyatA ___jaina darzana dvaitavAda kA pakSadhara hai| isake anusAra jar3a aura cetana ye do tattva vizva-vyavasthA ke niyAmaka haiM / donoM kA svabhAva evaM astitva svatantra hai / cetana aura acetana kA paraspara atyantAbhAva hai phira bhI unakA paraspara sambandha hai| siddhasena divAkara ne kahA--saMsArI AtmA karma ke sAtha kSIra-nIra kI taraha milI huI hai, ataH abhinna hai tathA unakA tAttvika astitva svatantra hai, ataH ve paraspara bhinna bhI haiN| saMsArAvasthA meM jar3a, cetana meM paraspara kSIra-nIra kI taraha ekIbhAva sambandha hai| jo anusaMcaraNa karanevAlA jIva hai vaha pudgala ke sAtha ghulA-milA hai isalie cetana aura acetana sarvathA svatantra nahIM hai / bhagavatI sUtra meM jIva aura pudgala ke sambandha setuoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai___. 'atthi NaM jIvA ya poggalA yA aNNamaNNabaddhA, aNNamaNNapuTThA, aNNamaNNamogADhA, aNNamaNNasiNehapaDibaddhA, aNNamaNNaghaDatAe citttthi| jIva aura pudgala paraspara baddha haiM, spaSTa haiM, avagAhita haiM, sneha se pratibaddha haiN|
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________________ 26 / ArhatI-dRSTi jIva aura pudgala meM Apasa meM milane kI prAyogyatA ko sneha kahA gayA hai / Azrava jIva kA sneha hai tathA AkarSita hone kI arhatA pudgala kA sneha hai / jIva meM dhana zakti hai tathA pudgala meM RNa zakti hai ataH ve paraspara mila jAte haiN| bhagavatI meM bhaMgavAna mahAvIra ne eka udAharaNa ke dvArA jIva aura padaMgala ke paraspara sambandha ko spaSTa kiyA hai| tAlAba meM pAnI hai / usameM saiMkar3oM chidravAlI naukA hai| jisa prakAra vaha naukA pAnI se bhara jAtI hai vaise hI jIva ke chidra Azrava haiM, karma rUpI pAnI una Azrava rUpI chidroM se bhara jAtA hai| rAga-dveSa se yukta AtmA ke karma baMdhate haiN| snehAbhyaktazarIrasya reNunA zliSyate yathA gaatrm| rAgadveSaklinnasya karmabandho bhavatyeva / rAga-dveSa se yukta AtmA ke karmoM kA bandha hotA hai| prazna phira bhI banA rahatA hai ki jIva aura pudgala ke ApasI sambandha kA setu kyA hai ? inakA paraspara sambandha kaise hotA hai ? donoM paraspara virodhI svabhAvavAle haiN| cetana amUrta aura jar3a mUrta hai| kyA inakA sambandha karavAnevAlA koI tIsarA padArtha hai? jaisA ki nyAya-vaizeSika ne dravya aura guNa meM paraspara sambandha karavAne ke lie tIsare samavAya padArtha ko svIkRti dii|jdd'-cetn kA sambandha karavAne ke lie unhoMne Izvara ko svIkAra kiyA hai| jaina-darzana ne jagat nirmANa meM kisI bhI IzvarIya zakti ko svIkRti nahIM dI hai| unhoMne isa samasyA ko samAhita karane kA yauktika prayatna kiyaa| jIva aura pudgala kA bhautika sambandha hai| jaina ne jIvoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA-siddha evaM saMsArI / siddhAtmA sarvathA amUrta hotI hai ataH usake sAtha karma pudgaloM kA sambandha nahIM ho sktaa| AtmA svarUpataH amUrta hai kintu saMsArAvasthA meM vaha kathaMcit mUrta bhI hai / saMsAra dazA meM jIva aura pudgala kA kathaMcid sAdRzya hotA hai| ataH unakA * sambandha honA asambhava nahIM hai / saMsArI AtmA sUkSma aura sthUla-ina do prakAra ke zarIroM se AveSTita hai / eka janma se dUsare janma meM jAte samaya sthUla zarIra chUTa jAtA hai, sUkSma zarIra nahIM chuutttaa| sUkSma zarIradhArI jIva hI dUsarA zarIra dhAraNa karate haiM, isalie amUrta jIva mUrta zarIra meM praveza kaise karatA hai, yaha prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotA hai kyoMki saMsArI AtmA kathaMcid mUrta hai / bhagavatI sUtra meM isa prazna ko sulajhAyA gayA hai| vahAM kahA gayA hai ki arUpa sarUpa nahIM ho sakatA / karma, rAga, moha, lezyA evaM zarIra ke kAraNa jIva mUrta bhI hai| zarIra sambandha ke kAraNa jIva pAMca varNa, gaMdha Adi se bhI yukta hai / jIva svarUpa se amUrta hai kintu baddhAvasthA kI apekSA mUrta bhI
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________________ . jIva aura zarIra ke sambandha setu / 27 hai ataH usakA pudgala ke sAtha sambandha hotA hai / senTripiTala AkarSaNa pudgala kA hai tathA senTriphyUgala AkarSaNa jIva kA hai / pudgala jIva ko AkarSita karate haiM tathA jIva bhAgane kI koziza karatA hai| purA bhAga nahIM sakatA ataH saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| jaba bhAga jAtA hai taba mukta bana jAtA hai / jIva aura pudgala meM bhogya-bhokta sambandha hai / jIva bhoktA hai, pudgala bhogya hai| jIva aura zarIra jIva aura zarIra kA paraspara bhedAbheda hai| yaha bhedAbheda anekAnta dRSTi ke dvArA hI samajhA jA sakatA hai / gautama ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA AyA bhaMte! kAye? aNNe kAye? goyamA ! AyA vi kAye, aNNe vi kaaye|' ityAdi / AtmA aura zarIra meM sarvathA abheda nahIM hai, yadi sarvathA abheda hotA to ye donoM eka hI ho jAte / sarvathA bheda bhI nahIM hai| sarvathA bheda hone se paraspara kabhI bhI nahIM mila sakate the| ataH apane vizeSa guNoM ke kAraNa inameM paraspara bheda bhI hai aura sAmAnya guNoM ke kAraNa abheda bhI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne AtmA ko zarIra se bhinna aura abhinna donoM kahA hai| aisI sthiti meM do prazna hamAre sAmane upasthita hote haiM yadi zarIra AtmA se abhinna hai to use AtmA kI taraha arUpI aura sacetana bhI honA caahie| jaina darzana meM samAdhAna prApta hai ki zarIra rUpI bhI hai aura arUpI bhI hai| sacetana bhI hai aura acetana bhI hai| ___AtmA aura zarIra meM atyanta bheda mAnA jAe to kAyakRta karmoM kA phala AtmA ko nahIM milanA caahie| atyanta abhinna mAneM to zarIra dAha ke samaya AtmA bhI naSTa ho jAegI jisase paraloka sambhava nahIM hai| inhIM doSoM ko dekhakara bhagavAn buddha ne kaha diyA ki bheda aura abheda ye donoM pakSa ucita nahIM haiM / jabaki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne donoM virodhivAdoM kA samanvaya sthApita kiyA hai / ekAnta bheda aura abheda mAnane para jo doSa Ate haiM ve ubhayavAda kI svIkRti meM vilIna ho jAte haiM / jIva aura zarIra kA kathaMcid bhedAbheda hai| zarIra nAza ke bAda bhI AtmA rahatI hai tathA siddhAvasthA meM azarIra AtmA bhI hotI hai| ataH AtmA aura zarIra paraspara bhinna haiM / saMsArAvasthA meM zarIra aura AtmA kA kSIra-nIravat yA agni-lohapiNDavat tAdAtmya hotA hai, ataeva kAya se kisI vastu kA sparza hone para AtmA meM saMvedana hotA hai| kAyakta karma kA bhoga bhI AtmA karatI hai, ataH zarIra aura AtmA abhinna haiN| bhagavatI sUtra meM jIva
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________________ 28 / ArhatI-dRSTi ke gati, indriya Adi dasa bheda ginAye haiN| yadi jIva aura kAya kA abheda na mAnA jAe to ina pariNAmoM ko jIva pariNAma ke rUpa meM nahIM ginAyA jA sakatA thaa| usI prakAra jIva ko savarNa, sagandha Adi mAnA hai,| vaha bhI jIva zarIra ke abheda hetu se hI mAnA hai| ___bhagavatI sUtra meM jIva ko arUpI, akarma kahA gyaa| ina vyAkhyAoM se jIva aura zarIra kI bhinnatA kI sUcanA hI prApta hotI hai| isa prakAra sApekSa dRSTi se jIva aura zarIra kA bhedAbheda siddha ho jAtA hai / zarIra audArika zarIra kI apekSA rUpI hai tathA kArmaNa kI apekSA arUpI bhI hai| AtmA-zarIra ke sambandha ke sandarbha meM AcArya kundakunda ke vicAra bhinna prakAra ke haiN| ve nizcayanaya ke anusAra AtmA ko zuddha mAnate haiN| usake kisI prakAra kA bandha hai hI nahIM / vyavahAranaya se vaha baMdhI huI hai| vyavahAra naya asadbhUta hai| jIvo caritaNANadasaNaTThiu yaM sasamayaM jaann| puggalakammapadeso ca jANa parasamaya // kundakunda kA jhukAva vedAnta, sAMkhya darzana kI tarapha pratIta hotA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki AtmA yadi svarUpataH baMdhI huI hai to vaha kabhI bhI mukta nahIM ho sktii| jIva aura pudgala kA sambandha anAdi hai| sabhI bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne aisA svIkAra kiyA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ne jagat ko IzvarakRt mAnakara bhI saMsAra ko anAdi mAnA hai tathA cetana evaM zarIra ke sambandha ko bhI anAdi svIkAra kiyA hai| 'anAdicetanasya zarIrayogaH anAdizca rAgAnubandhaH' karma siddhAnta ke anusAra AtmA aura anAtmA ke sambandha ko anAdi mAnanA anivArya hai| yadi aisA na mAnA jAe to karma siddhAnta kI mAnyatA kA koI artha hI nahIM raha jaataa| yahI kAraNa hai ki upaniSadoM ke TIkAkAroM meM zaMkara ko brahma aura mAyA ke sambandha ko anAdi mAnanA pdd'aa| bhAskarAcArya ne satya rUpa upAdhi kA brahma ke sAtha anAdi sambandha mAnA hai| rAmAnuja, nimbArka evaM madhva ne avidyA ko anAdi mAnA hai / vallabha ke anusAra jisa prakAra brahma anAdi hai vaise hI usakA kArya bhI anAdi hai| ataH jIva tathA avidyA kA sambandha bhI anAdi hai| sAMkhya mata meM prakRti evaM puruSa kA saMyoga, bauddhamata meM nAma aura rUpa ke sambandha ko anAdi mAnA hai| jaina darzana bhI jIva aura karma ke saMyoga ko anAdi svIkAra karatA hai / jaise murgI aura aNDe meM, bIja aura vRkSa meM paurvAparya nahIM batAyA jA sakatA vaise hI jIva aura karma ke sambandha meM paurvAparya nahIM hai / yadi
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________________ jIva aura zarIra ke sambandha setu / 29 karmoM se pahale AtmA ko mAneM to usameM karma lagane kA koI kAraNa hI nahIM bntaa| karma ko AtmA se pahale mAneM to jIva ke binA karma karegA kauna? jIva aura karma ke sambandha kA Adi nahIM hai| unakA sambandha apazcAnupUrvika hI hai| ___Medical science ne bhI zarIra aura mana ke sambandha ko svIkAra kiyA hai| ve paraspara eka-dUsare ko prabhAvita karate haiM ataH unameM paraspara sambandha hai / bhAva, zarIra kI bImArI ko paidA karatA hai / IrSyA se alsara ityAdi roga ho jAte haiM / zarIra, bhAva ko prabhAvita karatA hai| yadi lIvara kharAba hai to bhAva vikRta ho jaaegaa| zarIra aura AtmA meM sambandha hai ataeva unameM antakriyA hotI hai| ____ isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki anekAnta dRSTi se jIva aura zarIra meM bhedAbheda hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra saMsArI AtmA kathaMcit mUrta hai / vaha pudgala (karma) yukta hai| Azrava jIva evaM zarIra ke sambandha kA setu hai| saMsArI avasthA meM jIva aura zarIra ko pRthak nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| saMdarbha 1. syAdvAda maJjarI, pR. 138 2. bhagavaI, 1/312-13 3. bhagavaI, 13/128
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________________ Atma mImAMsA dArzanika jagat meM dRzya aura mUrta padArtha kI bhAMti adRzya tathA amUrta padArtha kI khoja nirantara cAlU rahI hai| mAnava kA mana sirpha dRzya jagat ko dekhane se hI saMtuSTa nahIM huaa| usane kSitija ke usa pAra bhI jhAMkane kA prayatna kiyaa| isa prayatna kI phalazruti hai adRzya evaM amUrta padArthoM kA abhyupgm| ___Atma tattva kI anveSaNA bhI isI dRSTivAloM ne kI / dRzya jagat se pAra dekhanevAloM ne AtmA ko svIkAra kiyA jinakI dRSTi indriya aura mana para hI TikI rahI unakI dRSTi isa dRzya jagat se bAhara nahIM jA skii| phalasvarUpa AtmA ke astitva evaM nAstitva kA abhyupagama hajAroM varSoM se calA A rahA hai| bhAratIya darzana kI zramaNa .. aura vaidika donoM paramparAoM ke aneka AcArya AtmA ko paudagalika mAnate rahe haiN| AtmA ke astitva ko nakArane meM sabase adhika prasiddhi bRhaspati (cArvAka) yA lokAyata mata ko milii| sUtra-kRtAGga sUtra se jJAta hotA hai bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM bhI aneka bhUtavAdI sampradAya the jo bhUtoM se bhinna AtmA kA astitva svIkAra karane ko taiyAra nahIM the| AcArya ajitakezakaMbala zramaNa sampradAya ke AcArya the tathA AtmA ko nakAranevAloM meM agraNI the| ina bhUtavAdiyoM ke atirikta vedAnta, sAMkhya, nyAya-vaizeSika, mImAMsaka tathA jaina ye sAre darzana AtmavAdI haiM / AtmA ke astitva ko inhoMne ekasvara se svIkAra kiyA hai, yadyapi AtmA ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM ina darzanoM meM bhI Apasa meM bahuta adhika matabheda rahA hai / yaha saca bhI hai| AtmA amUrta tathA indriyAtIta padArtha hai usake svarUpa ke bAre meM matabheda honA svAbhAvika hai / jaina aura vedAnta darzana ne to AtmA ke svarUpa ko anirvacanIya kahA hai| AcArAGga meM AtmA ko neti-neti ke siddhAnta se vyAkhyAyita kiyA jaise ki vRhadAraNyaka meM brahma ke svarUpa ko neti se prastuta kiyA gyaa| AcArAGga meM AtmA ke svarUpa kA varNana karate hue kahA savve sarA niyaTRti, takkA jattha na vijjai mai tattha na gaahiyaa| zabda AtmA taka nahIM pahu~ca sakate the ve lauTa Ate haiM arthAt AtmA kA svarUpa zabdAtIta hai| tarkAtIta hai / vaha buddhi kA viSaya bhI nahIM bana sktii| vaha na dIrgha hai na hasva, na trikoNa hai na catuSkoNa, na vRtta hai na parimaMDala, na kRSNa hai na zukla, na strI
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________________ Atma mImAMsA / 31 hai na puruSa / AtmA ko upamA se nahIM batAyA jA sakatA vaha arUpI sattA hai| vaha indriya ke dvArA grAhya nahIM hai| AtmA caitanya svarUpA hai / upaniSad bhI AtmA ko avaktavya mAnate haiM--'sa eSa neti neti, yato vAcA nivartante, naiva vAcA na manasA prAptuM zakyaH / ' upaniSad AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra to karatA hai kintu usakA svarUpa zabdAtIta hai yaha abhiprAya uparyukta maMtroM se spaSTa hotA hai| __ AtmA svAnubhava kA viSaya hai| anubhava svasaMvedya hotA hai| kintu parapratyAyana ke lie parokSajJAna hI upayogI banatA hai| isalie sUkSma yA sthUla, amUrta yA mUrta kisI bhI dravya ke astitva yA nAstitva kA samarthana tarka ke dvArA karane kI paramparA pracalita hai| AtmA ke svasaMvedya hone para bhI tarka ke AdhAra para usakA astitva siddha karane kA prayAsa dArzanikoM ne kiyA hai| jaba-jaba anAtmavAdI dArzanikoM ne AtmA ko nakArate hue usake nAstiva siddhi ke lie hetu prasthApita kiye taba prativAda svarUpa AtmavAdiyoM ne bhI hetu rUpI heti kA avalambana liyaa| anAtmavAdiyoM ke dvArA AtmA ke nAstitva kI prasthApanA bhUtavAdI dArzanikoM ne bhUtoM se bhinna Atma tattva ko svIkAra karane meM asahamati . prakaTa kii| unakA abhyupagama hai ki bhUtoM se atirikta kisI anya svataMtra Atmatattva kA astitva nahIM hai / anumAna pramANa ko prastuta karate hue unhoMne kahA.: 'iha kAyAkArapariNatAni cetanAkAraNabhUtAni bhUtAnyevopalabhyante, na punastebhyo vyatirikto bhavAntarayAyI yathoktalakSaNaH kazcanApyAtmA, tatsadbhAve pramANAbhAvAt' arthAt zarIrAkAra meM pariNata cetanA ke kAraNabhUta bhUta hI upalabdha ho rahe haiM unase atirikta bhavAntaragAmI caitanyasvarUpa koI AtmA nahIM hai| usake sadbhAva ko siddha karanevAle hetuoM kA abhAva hai| zarIra hI AtmA hai / isalie hI hameM yaha pratyaya hotA hai 'sthUlo'haM', 'kRzo'haM' maiM sthUla hUM, kRza huuN| ajitakezakaMbala ke dArzanika vicAroM kA varNana sUtrakRtAGga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM hai| paira ke talave se Upara sira ke kezAgra ke nIce aura tirache camar3I taka jIva hai| zarIra hI AtmA hai| zarIra jItA hai taba taka AtmA jItA hai / yaha mara jAtA hai taba AtmA bhI mara jAtA hai| zarIraparyanta hI jIvana hotA hai| ataeva AtmA aura zarIra eka hai| jo zarIra aura AtmA ko bhinna mAnate haiM unakA mata samyaka nahIM hai kyoMki zarIra se bhinna AtmA dRSTigocara hI nahIM hotii| AtmA ko koI bhI zarIra se atirikta nahIM dikhA sakatA jaise koI puruSa myAna se talavAra nikAlakara dikhA sakatA hai yaha myAna hai aura yaha talavAra hai vaise yaha zarIra hai aura yaha AtmA hai aisA koI nahIM dikhA sakatA / tila se taila, dahI
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________________ 32 / ArhatI-dRSTi se navanIta, Ikha se rasa, araNI se Aga nikAlakara pRthak rUpa se dikhAI jA sakatI haiM vaise AtmA ko zarIra se alaga karake nahIM dikhAyA jA sakatA / jala ke binA jala ke bubud nahIM hote vaise hI bhUtoM se vyatirikta koI AtmA nahIM hai| jaba koI vyakti alAta ko ghumAtA hai to dUsaroM ko lagatA hai cakra ghUma rahA hai usI prakAra bhUtoM kA samudAya bhI viziSTa kriyA ke dvArA jIva kI bhrAnti utpanna karatA hai| ataeva yaha sunizcita hai ki AtmA aura zarIra eka hai| zarIra bhinna Atma tattva kA astitva nahIM bhUtAtmavAda kA nirAkaraNa AtmavAdiyoM ne yaha siddha kiyA ki zarIra se bhinna AtmA kA astitva hai / yadi bhUtoM se hI. caitanya kI utpatti hotI to sarvadA aura hara kSaNa jIvoM kI utpatti honI caahie| aisA pratIti kA viSaya nahIM banatA hai tathA bhUtoM kI zarIrAkAra pariNati hI yadi caitanya ko utpanna karatI hai to mRtyu kabhI bhI nahIM honI cAhie tathA citralikhita citroM meM bhI caitanya honA caahie| bhUta jar3a rUpa hai AtmA caitanyarUpa ataH jar3a se caitanya kaise paidA ho sakatA hai ? upAdAna kI maryAdA ko jAnanevAlA jar3a lakSaNavAle bhUtoM se caitanya kI utpatti ko kaise svIkAra kara sakatA hai| yadi yaha tarka prastuta kiyA jAye ki alaga-alaga bhUta caitanya paidA nahIM kara sakate kintu ve milakara caitanya nAmaka tattva ko paidA kara dete haiM yaha bhI tarka siddha nahIM hai kyoMki jaba pratyeka bhUta meM caitanya anupalabdha hai to unake samudita hone para bhI caitanya kI utpatti asambhava hai / bAlukaNoM meM pratyeka meM taila anupalabdha hai to saiMkar3oM mana bAlukaNoM se bhI taila kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| yadi yaha kahA jAye ki pratyeka bhUta meM caitanya avyakta rUpa se hai kintu usakI abhivyakti unake samudita hone se hotI hai| yaha tarka to bhUtacaitanyavAda kA nirAkaraNa karake AtmavAda ko hI sthApita karatA hai kyoMki svayaM bhUtavAdiyoM ne bhUtoM meM caitanya ko svIkAra kiyA hai / ataeva spaSTa hai ki caitanya bhUtAtirikta padArtha hai vaha bhUtoM kA na to dharma hai na hI unakA phala hai| acetanAni bhUtAni na taddharmo na ttphlm| cetanA'sti ca yasyeyaM sa etAtmeti cApare / / bhUta kaThora tathA jar3a svabhAvavAle haiN| cetanA meM ye donoM dharma nahIM hai phira vaha bhUtoM kA phala kaise hai?
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________________ Atma mImAMsA / 33 kAThinyAbodharUpANi bhuutaanydhyksssiddhitH| . cetanA tu na tadrUpA sA kathaM tatphalaM bhavet / / ataeva yaha spaSTa rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai ki bhUtoM se atirikta bhI AtmA kA astitva hai| AtmA kI pratyakSAdi pramANa se siddhi - AtmA kI siddhi kisI pramANa se nahIM hotI yaha kathana bhI samIcIna nahIM hai kyoMki AtmA ke sAdhaka pratyakSAdi pramANoM kA sadbhAva hai| pratyakSa cAra prakAra kA svIkRta hai (1) indriya, (2) mAnasa, (3) yogaja, (4) svsNvedn| prathama do pratyakSa AtmA ke astitva ko siddha karane meM samartha nahIM haiN| yogaja pratyakSa hamAre se parokSa hone se buddhi kA viSaya nahIM hai| caturtha svasaMvedya pratyakSa ke dvArA AtmA siddha hai| ahaM sukhI, ahaM dukhI-isa prakAra kA jJAna AtmA ke hone para hI ho sakatA hai anyathA nahIM / prativAdI kaha sakatA hai ki ahaM pratyaya to zarIrAzrita bhI hotA hai / ataH yaha anaikAntika hai tathA apane sAdhya ko siddha karane meM asamartha hai| unakA yaha vacana bhI tarkasaMgata nahIM hai kyoMki ahaM pratyaya zarIrAzrita bhI hotA hai usameM AtmavAdI ke koI Apatti nahIM hai kyoMki AtmA ke sAtha zarIra kA anAdikAla se sambandha hone se isa prakAra kA jJAna paidA hotA hai / svAmI apane nikaTa ke bhRtya ko 'yaha maiM hI hUM' aisA kahate hue dekhA jAtA hai tathA 'ahaM sukhI' ityAdi antarmukha pratyaya AtmA ko hI Alambana banA paidA hote haiM jaisA nyAyamaMjarI meM kahA haisukhAdicaityamAnaM hi svataMtraM nAnubhUyate, matubarthAnuvedhAttu siddhaM grhnnmaatmnH| idaM sukhamiti jJAnaM dRzyate na ghaTAdivata, ahaM sukhIti tujJaptirAtmano'pi prakAzikA // "maiM sukhI' ityAdi anubhava zarIra ko nahIM ho sakate kintu use hote haiM jo zarIra se bhinna hai / zaMkarAcArya ke zabdoM meM sabako yaha vizvAsa hotA hai ki 'maiM huuN| maiM nahIM hUM' aisA vizvAsa kisI ko nahIM hotA--'sarvopyAtmA'stitvaM pratyeti na nAhamasmIti / ' jijIviSA jIvatva siddhi kA prabala sAdhaka pramANa hai| jAtamAtra kSudrakITa meM bhI jijIviSA hotI hai| pAtaMjala yogabhASya meM kahA gayA--'mA bhuvaMmA bhuyAsam' aisA koI nahIM cAhatA maiM nahIM thA evaM nahIM hoU / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhI kahA sabve jIvA vi icchaMti jIviThaM na marijiuM / /
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________________ 34 / ArhatI-dRSTi - yaha jijIviSA sabhI prANiyoM meM spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotI hai| tarkazAstra kA niyama hai ki sat sapratipakSa hotA hai / 'yatsat tatsapratipakSam' jo sat hai vaha sapratipakSa hai| jisake pratipakSa kA astitva nahIM hai usake astitva ko tArkika samarthana nahIM mila sakatA / yadi cetana nAmaka sattA nahIM hotI to na cetana = acetana-isa acetana sattA kA nAmakaraNa aura bodha hI nahIM hotaa| . AtmA aura pudgala meM paraspara atyantAbhAva hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra jIva kA ajIva honA aura ajIva kA jIva honA sarvathA asambhava hai| ina donoM kA svabhAva trikAla meM bhI parivartita nahIM ho sktaa| niSedha bhI sat kA hotA hai jo hai hI nahIM usakA niSedha nahIM ho sktaa| guNa dvArA guNI kA grahaNa AtmA guNI hai| caitanya usakA guNa hai| guNa hamAre pratyakSa hai AtmA parokSa / parokSa guNI kI sattA pratyakSa guNa se pramANita ho jAtI hai / jaise--'adRSTo'pi padArthoM labhyamAna liGgena gRhyata eva' prakAza aura Atapa ke dvArA sUrya ko kamare meM baiThA huA vyakti bhI jAna letA hai| caitanya AtmA kA viziSTa guNa hai| vaha caitanya AtmA ke atirikta anya padArthoM meM nahIM milatA hai ataeva caitanya kI upalabdhi hI AtmA ke astitva ko siddha kara rahI hai| saMkalanAtmaka jJAna evaM smRti indriyAM apane-apane viSaya ko grahaNa kara sakatI haiM kintu unakA saMkalanAtmaka jJAna ve nahIM kara sakatIM jabaki maiM sparza, rasa Adi ko jAnatA hUM aise saMkalanAtmaka jJAna kI pratIti hotI hai aura jo yaha jJAna karatI hai vahI AtmA hai| smRti bhI AtmA ke astitva ko siddha karatI hai| indriyoM ke naSTa ho jAne para bhI unake dvArA gRhIta viSaya kA smaraNa banA rahatA hai / jo smArtA hai vahI AtmA hai| . indriya pratyakSa kI asamarthatA indriya pratyakSa AtmA ko nahIM jAnatA para itane mAtra se AtmA ke astitva ko nahIM nakArA jA sktaa| indriya se to hama do-tIna pIr3hI pUrva ke pUrvajoM ko bhI nahIM jAnate kyA itane mAtra se unakA abhAva ho jaaegaa| AtmA amUrta hai indriya grAhya nhiiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-'no indiyagejjha amuttabhAvA' indriya to sUkSma, dUravartI evaM vyavahita padArthoM ko nahIM jAnatI para aise padArthoM kA astitva avazya hai ataH indriya grAhya na hone para bhI AtmA kA astitva avazya hai / '
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________________ Atma mImAMsA / 35 saMzaya vikalpa kA jAgaraNa bhI AtmA ke astitva ko siddha karatA hai / jo yaha socatA hai 'maiM nahIM hUM' vaha jIva hai| acetana ko apane astitva meM kabhI saMdeha nahIM hotaa| prasiddha Adhunika dArzanika rene dekArte ne isake AdhAra para Atma astitva ko siddha kiyA hai| anumAna AtmA ke sAdhaka anekoM anumAna upalabdha hai| jaise--' rUpAdyupalabdhi: sakartRkA, kriyAtvAt chidikriyAvat / yazcAsyAH kartA sa aatmaa|' ___ rUpAdi padArthoM kA jJAna sakartRka hotA hai| rUpAdi kI upalabdhi kriyA hai| jaise-chedana kriyA kA kartA avazya hotA hai / isakA jo kartA hai vaha AtmA hai / yahAM indriyoM kA kartRtva nahIM hai / ve to karaNa hone se kartA ke adhIna haiM / yadi unako kartA mAnA jAye to indriya ke vinaSTa ho jAne para unake dvArA gRhIta viSaya kA smaraNa nahIM honA cAhie kintu hotA hai| ataeva jo smArtA hai, vahI AtmA hai| AtmA grAhaka, indriyAM grahaNa ke sAdhana haiM aura padArtha grAhya hai| bAdhaka-sAdhaka pramANa . . 'padArtha kA nAstitva taba siddha hotA hai jaba usake sAdhaka pramANoM kA abhAva ho athavA bAdhaka pramANoM kA sdbhaav| kintu Atma abhyupagama ke sandarbha meM aisA nahIM hai| AtmA ke uparyukta tathA atirikta anekoM sAdhaka pramANa maujUda haiM tathA bAdhaka pramANoM kA abhAva hai| ataeva AtmA kA astitva nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hai| pAzcAtya darzana evaM vijJAna kA abhimata ___ pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne bhI AtmA ko svIkAra kiyA hai tathA usake astitva meM tarka upasthita kie haiN| (1) pleTo ke anusAra AtmA kA astitva zarIra se pUrvavartI hai / usakA astitva svataMtra hai tathA usakA svataMtra svarUpa bhI hai / (2) arastu ke anusAra AtmA ke kAraNa hI jIvita padArthoM meM jIvana kA astitva hai / (3) dekAteM ke anusAra maiM socatA hUM isalie maiM huuN| (4) isI prakAra DaoN. geTsa ne bhI AtmA ke bAre meM kaI prayoga kiye| inhoMne aisI prakAza kiraNoM kI khoja kI hai, jinakA raMga kAlApana lie hue gADhA lAlA hai| ye kiraNeM mare hue pazuoM se prApta kI gyii| inhoMne eka maraNAsanna cUhe ko gilA meM rakhakara ye kiraNeM usa para pheNkii| dIvAra para usa cUhe kI chAyA dikhAyI dii|
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________________ 36 / ArhatI-dRSTi nikalate hI vaha chAyA gilAsa se nikalI aura dIvAra kI ora bddh'ii| usa dIvAra para roDApasina nAmaka padArtha kA lepa kiyA gayA thA, isa masAle kA prayoga karane ke bAda hI dIvAra para ye kiraNeM spaSTa dikhAI detI haiM / yaha chAyA kucha dUra taka Upara taka jAtI dikhAI dii| usake pazcAt usakA kahIM kucha patA nahIM claa| DaoN. geTsa ne isa chAyA kI sahI sthiti jAnane ke lie gailavAnomITara se una kiraNoM kI zakti tathA mAnava zarIra meM saMcAlita vidyuta taraMgoM kI zakti ko mApA aura unheM lagA ki dIvAra para par3anevAlI prakAza kiraNoM kI apekSA zarIra kI tApa zakti adhika hotI hai| geTsa ke anusAra yahI vidyuta zakti AtmA kI prakAza zakti hai| .. DaoN. henarI varAhuka ne jo phrAMsa ke rahanevAle haiN| apane maraNAsanna bacce para aise prayoga kiye haiN| isa taraha laMdana ke prasiddha DaoN. DablyU. je. killara ne apanI pustaka 'di hyamana eTamosphiyara' meM bhI apane kaI prayogoM kA varNana kiyA hai, jo unheM rogiyoM kI jAMca karate samaya prApta hue the| ve niSkarSa para pahuMce haiM ki mAnava deha meM eka prakAzapuJja kA astitva avazya hai, jo mRtyu ke pazcAt bhI yathAvat rahatA hai| __ vaijJAnikoM ke ina prayogoM kA sAra yaha ki zarIra meM eka prakAzapuJja kA astitva hai aura vahI Atmatattva hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA kA svarUpa to amUrta hai kintu saMsArI avasthA meM vaha sarvathA amUrta nahIM ho sktii| kyoMki usake sAtha anAdikAla se kArmaNa aura taijasa zarIra kA yoga hai / ye donoM zarIra paudgalika arthAt mUrta haiM / ataH inake saMyoga se saMsArastha AtmA bhI kathaMcid mUrta hai| vaijJAnikoM ko prayoga kAla meM zarIra se nikalate hue prakAzapuJja kA AbhAsa huA hai zAyada vahI taijasa kArmaNa zarIra yukta AtmA hai / taijasa zarIra tejomaya hai / AtmA ke amUrta hone para bhI usake yoga se prakAzapuJja kI anubhUti honA asambhava nahIM hai| -
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________________ AtmA evaM punarjanma AtmA bhAratIya darzana jagat kA prANa tattva hai / AtmA ke astitva, usake svarUpa Adi ke bAre meM bhAratIya manISiyoM ne prabhUta cintana kiyA hai / pAzcAtya darzana paramparA meM bhI AtmA para vimarza huA hai / AtmA ko kendra meM rakhakara do prakAra kI vicAradhArAeM vikasita huI / eka vaha jo AtmA ke traikAlika astitva ko svIkAra karatI thI tathA anya Atma-astitva ko vArtamAnika hI mAnatI thii| - cArvAk ke atirikta samasta bhAratIya cintakoM ne AtmA ke traikAlika astitva ko svIkAra kiyA hai / anAtmavAdI kahalAne vAle bauddha darzana ne bhI cittasantati pravAha ko svIkRti dekara isI cintana kA parokSataH samarthana kiyA hai / AtmA ke kAlika astitva ko svIkAra karane vAlI dArzanika paramparAoM ne pratyakSa, anumAna Adi pramANoM ke dvArA AtmA ke r3hakAlika astitva ko sthApita karane kA saphala bhagIratha prayAsa kiyA tathA punarjanma ko bhI Atma-traikAlikatA ke hetu rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| 'pretyasadbhAvAcca' arthAt punarjanma kA sadbhAva hone se AtmA kI traikAlikatA siddha hai| dArzanika jagat meM AtmavAda evaM punarjanma ke sandarbha meM tIna mAnyatAeM pracalita haiM- . ___(1) AtmA hai, punarjanma nahIM hai| (2) AtmA evaM punarjanma donoM hI nahIM haiN| (3) AtmA evaM punarjanma donoM hI haiN| IsAI-islAma dharma-AtmA kI sattA ko to svIkAra karate haiM kintu kramika punarjanma kI sattA svIkAra nahIM krte| . . cArvAk darzana AtmA, paramAtmA, punarjanma Adi kisI bhI atIndriya sattA ko svIkRti nahIM detaa| ___ anya bhAratIya darzana AtmA, paramAtmA evaM punarjanma ina tInoM kI sattA svIkAra karate haiN| AtmA kI inake anusAra traikAlika sattA hai| AcArAMga meM kahA gayA. 'jassa natthi purA pacchA majjhe tattha kao siA' jisakA pUrva evaM pazcAt nahIM - hotA usakA madhya bhI nahIM hotA / AtmA vartamAna meM hai, isase spaSTa hotA hai ki AtmA .. kA pUrva meM astitva thA tathA bhaviSya meM hogaa| AtmA kI traikAlika sattA pUrvajanma
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________________ 38 / AhatI-dRSTi evaM panarjanma kI spaSTa abhivyakti hai| ___darzana kA prAdurbhAva pUrvajanma evaM punarjanma sambandhI vicAraNA se hotA hai| AcArAMga-sUtra ke prArambha meM hI yaha jijJAsA hai--'asthi me AyA ovavAie, Natthi me AyA ovavAie' merI AtmA punarjanma lene vAlI hai yA nahIM hai / dizA, vidizAoM meM anusaMcaraNa karane vAlA kauna hai ? 'ke ahaM AsI ke vA io cuo iha peccA bhavissAmi' maiM atIta meM kauna thA? yahAM se cyuta hokara bhaviSya meM kahA jaauuNgaa| 'kauna hUM, AyA kahAM se, aura jAnA hai kahAM?' isa prakAra kI jijJAsAeM dArzanika cintana kI pRSThabhUmi hai| punarjanma bhAratIya cintana kA sarvamAnya siddhAnta rahA hai| sabhI cintakoM ne isa siddhAnta kI puSTi meM apane prajJA bala kA samAyojana kiyA hai / bhAratIya dRSTi se punarjanma kA mUla kAraNa karma hai / aura karma ke kAraNa hI janma-maraNa hotA hai--'rAgo ya doso vi ya kammabIyaM, kammaM ca jAimaraNaM vayanti / ' avidyA, vAsanA, adRSTa Adi karma ke hI paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| vibhinna bhAratIya darzanoM meM punarjanma upaniSad - vedAnta darzana ne punarjanma ko svIkRti dI hai / upaniSad kA ghoSa hai--'sasyamiva pacyate mRtyaH, sasyamiva jAyate punaH' DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan sarvapallI ne kahA-'punarjanma meM vizvAsa kama-se-kama upaniSadoM ke kAla se calA A rahA hai / vedoM aura brAhmaNoM ke kAla kA yaha svAbhAvika vikAsa hai aura ise upaniSadoM meM spaSTa abhivyakti milI / hai|' vedAnta darzana ke pramukha AcArya nimbArka ne punarjanma evaM usake kAraNoM ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki AtmA ajara, amara evaM avinAzI hai / jaba taka jIva avidyA se AvRtta hai / taba taka janma-maraNa kA cakra calatA rahatA hai / avidyA nivRtti ke pazcAt punarjanma kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| sAMkhya yoga darzana sAMkhya dArzanikoM ke anusAra AtmA ko apane pUrvakRta karma ke phalasvarUpa duHkha ke upabhoga hetu bAra-bAra zarIra dhAraNa karanA par3atA hai| 'Atmano bhogAyatanazarIraM' zarIra bhoga kA Ayatana hai / liGga zarIra ke dvArA AtmA eka bhava se dUre bhava meM jAkara zarIra dhAraNa karatI rahatI hai| jaba taka viveka khyAti nahIM hotI taba taka yaha cakra calatA rahatA hai / pAtaJjala yoga bhASya meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki-'sati mUle tad vipAko
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________________ AtmA evaM punarjanma / 39 jaatyaayurbhogH|' jaba taka kleza rahate haiM taba taka jAti, Ayu evaM bhoga ke rUpa meM . unake vipAka ko bhoganA par3atA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika ye bhI AtmA ko trikAlavartI mAnate haiM / AtmA ke nitya hone se janmAntara kI siddhi hotI hai| pUrvakRta karma bhoga ke lie AtmA ko punarjanma karanA par3atA hai'pUrvakRtaphalAnubhavanAt tdutptiH|' adRSTa ke kAraNa jIva saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| mImAMsA ___ yajJa Adi karmakANDa meM vizvAsa karanevAlA mImAMsA darzana bhI punarjanma ko svIkAra karatA hai| AtmA, paraloka Adi meM usakA vizvAsa hai / yajJa se adRSTa nAma kA tattva paidA hotA hai aura vaha sampUrNa jIvana vyavasthA kA niyAmaka hotA hai| gItA . . gItA ko saba upaniSadoM kA sAra kahA gayA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kA gItA mahimA-maNDita grantha hai| usameM punarjanma kA tattva spaSTa rUpa se pratipAdita haA hai| granthakAra kahate haiM--'jAtasya hi dhruvaM mRtyu dhruvaM janma mRtasya ca / ' jo janma letA hai usakI mRtyu evaM mRta kA janma nizcita rUpa se hotA hai| jaise manuSya purAne kapar3oM ko chor3akara navIna vastra dhAraNa karatA hai, vaise hI yaha AtmA purAne zarIra ko tyAgakara nayA zarIra dhAraNa kara letI hai| . . vAsAMsi jIrNAni yathA vihAya navAni gRhNAti nro'praanni| ... tathA zarIrANi vihAya jIrNAnyanyAni saMyAti navAni dehii|| jisa prakAra isa zarIra meM bAlya, yauvana evaM bur3hApA AtA hai, vaise hI AtmA ko dehAntara kI prApti hotI hai| dhIra puruSa vaisI sthiti meM mohita nahIM hotaa| bauddha ... bauddha darzana ko anAtmavAdI mAnA jAtA hai| kyoMki usane AtmA kI svataMtra sattA na mAnakara santati pravAha ke rUpa meM usakA astitva svIkAra kiyA hai / isa darzana meM bhI punarjanma kA siddhAnta svIkRta hai / bhagavAn buddha ne apane paira meM cubhane vAle kAMTeM ko pUrvajanma meM kie hue prANIvadha kA vipAka mAnA hai. ita ekanavatikalpe zaktyA me puruSo htH| tena karma vipAkena pAde viddho'smi bhikSavaH / /
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________________ 40 / AhatI-dRSTi jaina jaina darzana AtmavAdI-karmavAdI darzana hai / karmavAda kI avadhAraNa meM punarjanma siddhAnta kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-rAga aura dveSa karma ke bIja haiM tathA karma janma-maraNa kA mUla kAraNa hai| punarjanma karma-yukta AtmA ke hI ho sakatA hai| akarmA AtmA janma-maraNa kI paramparA se mukta hotI hai| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne punarjanma ke siddhAnta ko puSTa karate hue kahA hai ki bAlaM zarIraM dehatarapuvvaM iMdiyA imttaao| juvadeho bAlAdiva sa jassa deho sa dehI tti / / jisa prakAra yuvaka kA zarIra bAlaka zarIra kI uttaravartI avasthA hai vaise hI bAlaka kA zarIra pUrvajanma ke bAda meM hone vAlI avasthA hai / isakA jo adhikArI hai, vahI AtmA hai / jAti-smRti jJAna pUrvajanma kA puSTa pramANa hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra apane ziSyoM ko saMyama meM dRr3ha karane ke lie jAti-smRti karavA dete the| meghakumAra jaba saMyama se cyuta hone lagA taba bhagavAn ne usako pUrvajanma kA smaraNa karavA diyaa| jaina AgamoM meM Agata 'poTTa-parihAra' zabda bhI punarjanma siddhAnta kA saMvAhaka hai / gozAlaka ko uttarita karate hue bhagavAn ne kahA thA ki ye tila puSpa ke bIja marakara punaH isI paudhe kI phalI meM phalita hoNge| bhagavatI, AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana Adi AgamoM meM vipula mAtrA meM pUrvajanma ke nidarzana upalabdha haiN| , pAzcAtya vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM punarjanma pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne bhI punarjanma ke bAre meM vicAra kiyA hai| prAcIna yunAna ke mahAn dArzanika pAithogorasa ke anusAra sAdhutva kI anupAlanA se AtmA kA janma uccatara loka meM hotA hai aura duSTa AtmAeM nimna yoniyoM meM jAtI haiN| .. sukarAta kA mantavya thA ki mRtyu svapnavihIna nidrA aura punarjanma jAgRta loka ke darzana kA dvAra hai / pleTo ne bhI punarjanma ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra kiyA hai| pleTo ke zabdoM meM-The soul always wears her garment a new. The soul has a natural strength which will hold out and be born many times. dArzanika zopanahAra ke zabdoM meM punarjanma eka asaMdigdha tattva hai| vijJAna jagat meM punarjanma kI avadhAraNA dArzanaki jagat meM to punarjanma carcA kA viSaya rahA hI hai, Adhunika vijJAna ke .
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________________ AtmA evaM punarjanma / 41 kSetra meM bhI usa para vimarza ho rahA hai| sAmAnyataH padArtha kI Thosa, drava, gaisa evaM plAjmA ye cAra avasthAeM hotI haiN| soviyata rUsa ke vaijJAnika zrI vI. esa. nizceko ne padArtha kI pAMcavIM avasthA kI khoja kI hai, jo jaiva-plAjmA (proToplAjmA, bAyoplAjmA) kahalAtI hai| nizceko ke anusAra jaiva-plAjmA meM svatantra ilekTraoNna aura proTona hote haiM jinakA nAbhika se koI sambandha nahIM hotaa| inakI gati bahuta tIvra hotI hai| yaha mAnava kI suSumnA nAr3I meM ekatrita rahatA hai| proTo-plAjmA se sambandhita anekoM tathya inhoMne prastuta kie haiN| proToplAjmA se sambandhita niSkarSoM ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhArata meM pracalita sUkSma zarIra kI avadhAraNA kA jaiva-plAjmA se bahuta sAmya hai| proTo plAjmA kI tulanA prANa tattva se kI jA sakatI hai| vaijJAnikoM ke anusAra proTo-plAjmA zarIra kI kozikAoM meM rahatA hai| marane ke bAda yaha tattva zarIra se alaga ho jAtA hai| vahI tattva jIna meM parivartita ho jAtA hai / baccA jaba janma letA hai, taba bAyoplAjmA punaH janma le letA hai| zarIra jala jAtA hai, proToplAjmA nahIM jalatA yaha AkAza meM vyApta ho jAtA hai / jaina dRSTi ke anusAra ise sUkSma zarIra kahA jA sakatA hai| sUkSma zarIra catuHsparzI hone se drava, gaisa, Thosa Adi rUpa nahIM hotaa| yaha sUkSma hotA hai / sUkSma zarIra ke saMsarga se yukta AtmA hI punarjanma letI hai| proToplAjmA kI avadhAraNA se AtmA kI amaratA evaM punarjanma ye donoM hI siddhAnta spaSTa hote haiM / vaijJAnikoM ke anusAra jaba proTo-plAjmA kA kaNaM smRti paTala para jAgRta ho jAtA hai taba zizu ko apane pUrvajanma kI ghaTanAeM yAda Ane lagatI haiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra pUrvajanma kI smRti sUkSma zarIra meM saMcita rahatI hai aura nimitta prApta kara udbhUta ho jAtI hai| parAmanovijJAna evaM punarjanma ___ parA-manovijJAna ke kSetra meM punarjanma para bahuta anveSaNa ho rahA hai / parA-manovijJAna vijJAna kI hI eka zAkhA hai| isameM punarjanma Adi siddhAntoM kA anveSaNa nirantara gatizIla hai / yoropa evaM amerikA jaise nitAnta Adhunika evaM mazInI deza punarjanma kA AdhAra khojane meM lage hai| varjIniyA vizva-vidyAlaya ke parA-manovijJAna vibhAga ke adhyakSa DaoN. IAna sTIvensana ne pUrvajanma kI smRti sambandhI aneka tathyoM kA Akalana kiyA hai| apanI anavarata zodha ke pazcAt apanA spaSTa mata prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki punarjanma sambandhI avadhAraNA yathArtha hai| . janma evaM mRtyu ke astitva meM kisI ko sandeha nahIM hai| ye pratyakSa ghaTanAeM haiM
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________________ 42 / ArhatI-dRSTi kintu mRtyu ke bAda punaH janma hogA, yaha pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM hai| ataH isa viSaya meM sandeha kA avakAza hai / isa sandeha ke pariprekSya meM kucha dArzanika (cArvAk.Adi) isa janma se pUrva kisI janma ko svIkAra hI nahIM krte| janma hI nahIM to mRtyu kA abhAva to svataH siddha hai| kucha tattvadarziyoM ne isakA abhyAsa kiyA aura janma evaM mRtyu kA sAkSAtkAra kiyaa| unhoMne udghoSaNA kI ki pUrvajanma aura punarjanma hotA hai evaM usakA jJAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| pUrvajanma kI jJapti ke hetu pUrvajanma evaM punarjanma kA jJAna zakya hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pUrvajanma ko jAnane ke tIna hetu batalAe haiM. (1) sva-smRti-svataH hI svayaM ko pUrvajanma kI smRti ho jAnA / aneka baccoM ko sahaja hI pUrvajanma kI smRti hotI hai / parA-manovaijJAnikoM ne anekoM ghaTanAoM kA saMgraha kiyA hai| una ghaTanAoM kI satyatA pramANita hai| (2) para-vyAkaraNa--kisI Apta ke sAtha vyAkaraNa arthAt praznottarapUrvaka manana kara koI usa pUrvajanma ke jJAna ko prApta karatA hai / meghakumAra ko mahAvIra ne jAti-smRti karavAI thii| . (3) anya ke pAsa zravaNa binA pUche hI kisI atizaya jJAnI ke dvArA svataH hI nirupita tathya ko sunakara koI pUrvajanma kA saMjJAna kara letA hai| punarjanma kI siddhi astitvavAdI dArzanikoM ne punarjanma kI puSTi ke lie aneka yuktiyAM prastuta kI haiM / jo indriya pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM hotA usakI siddhi anumAna Adi pramANoM se kI jAtI hai / punarjanma bhI pratyakSAtIta hai ataH usakI siddhi bhI tArkika granthoM meM tarka se huI hai| navajAta zizu meM harSa, bhaya, zoka Adi saMvega dekhe jAte haiM, unakA kAraNa pUrvajanma hI hai| ___ pUrvajanma meM kie hue AhAra ke saMskAra ke kAraNa hI navajAta zizu stanapAna .. karane lagatA hai| sabhI prANiyoM meM jijIviSA hotI hai, mRtyu se bhaya hotA hai / jAtamAtra kRmi meM bhI maraNa-trAsa dekhA jAtA hai / maraNa-trAsa ajJAnI kI bhAMti jJAnI meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai--'svarasavAhI viduSo'pi tathA ruDho'bhinivezaH' yaha maraNatrAsa bhI pUrvajanma kI siddhi kA puSTa pramANa hai / aise hI anekoM hetuoM ke dvArA punarjanma kI siddhi kI gaI hai|
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________________ AtmA evaM punarjanma / 43 punarjanma ke hetu . bhAratIya cintana ke anusAra karma punarjanma kA mUla hai / anigRhIta krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM lobha Adi kaSAya punarjanma ke mUla ko siMcana dete haiM--'siMcati mUlAI punnbhvss|' mAyA aura pramAda ke kAraNa bhI vyakti punaH 'janma-maraNa karatA hai mAI pamAI puNarei gabbha' AcArAMga kA yaha zAzvata udghoSa hai| pramAdI kaSAyI vyakti bAra-bAra saMsAra cakra meM ghUmatA hai-'punarapi jananaM punarapi maraNaM punarapi jananI jaThare zayanaM / ' punarjanma ko samApta karane ke lie karmadala ko naSTa karanA Avazyaka hai| pUrvajanma smRti ke hetu ___ kucha manuSyoM ko pUrvajanma kI smRti janmajAta hotI hai| suzruta saMhitA meM kahA gayA hai ki pUrvajanma meM zAstrAbhyAsa ke dvArA bhAvita antaHkaraNa vAle manuSya ko pUrvajanma kI smRti ho jAtI hai bhAvitaH pUrvadeheSu satataM zAstrabuddhayaH / bhavanti sattvabhUyiSThAH pUrvajAtismarA narAH / / ... kucha vyaktiyoM ko pUrvajanma kI smRti janmajAta nahIM hotI lekina nimitta milane para ubuddha ho jAtI hai / AcArAMga bhASya meM pUrvajanma smRti ke kucha kAraNoM kA nirdeza prApta hai--(1) mohanIya karma kA upazama, (2) adhyavasAna zuddhi, (3) IhApoha, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA krnaa| (1) upazAnta mohanIya--mohanIya karma ke viziSTa prakAra ke upazama se bhI jAti-smRti paidA ho jAtI hai / uttarAdhyayana ke namipavajjA adhyayana meM isakA ullekha hai| 'uvasaMtamohaNijjo saraI porANiyaM jAI' usakA moha upazAnta thA jisase use pUrvajanma kI smRti huii| (2) adhyavasAna zuddhi-mRgAputra ko sAdhu dekhakara jAti smRti prApta huI / usa samaya usakA moha upazAnta evaM adhyavasAya zuddha the| sAhussa darisaNeNa tassa anjhavasANammi sohnne| mohaMgayassa saMtassa jAisaraNaM samuppannaM / / sAdhu ke darzana aura adhyavasAya pavitra hone para maine aisA kahIM dekhA hai isa viSaya meM yaha sammohita ho gayA, cittavRtti saghana rUpa meM ekAgra ho gii|
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________________ 44 / ArhatI-dRSTi IhApoha-mArgaNA-gaveSaNA meghakumAra ko IhA (pUrvasmRti ke lie mAnasika ceSTA) apoha kyA maiM hAthI thA? isa prakAra atIta kA cintana karate-karate gaveSaNA prArambha kI evaM use jAti-smRti ho gii| jAti-smRti sanimittaka evaM animittaka ubhaya prakAra kI hotI hai| tadAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama se prApta hone vAlI jAti smRti animittaka evaM bAhya nimitta ke dvArA prApta hone vAlI sanimittaka jAti-smRti hai| jAti-smRti sabako kyoM nahIM? jAti-smRti sabako kyoM nahIM hotI? isa viSaya meM tandula veyAliya prakIrNaka meM kAraNa nirdiSTa karate hue kahA-janma aura mRtyu ke samaya jo duHkha hotA hai, usa duHkha se sammUDha hone ke kAraNa vyakti ko pUrvajanma kI smRti nahIM rhtii| jAyamANassa jaM dukkhaM maramANassa vA punno| teNa dukkheNa samUDho jAiM sarai bppnno|| mUrchA meM smRti lupta ho jAtI hai, isalie pUrvajanma kI smRti nahIM rahatI tathA viziSTa nimitta ke binA pUrvajanma ke vidyamAna saMskAroM kA bhI sAkSAtkAra nahIM hotA, yaha bhI smRti ke na hone kA kAraNa hai| jAti smRti se lAbha _jAti-smRti se dharma ke prati sahaja zraddhA aura saMvega meM sahaja vRddhi hotI hai| saMsAra-cakra kA use sAkSAtkAra ho jAtA hai| AtmA ke traikAlika astitva meM use koI sandeha nahIM rhtaa| mumukSA bhAva evaM anAsakti kA sahaja vikAsa hotA hai| punarjanma kA siddhAnta dArzanika jagat meM to sahaja pratiSThita hI hai| vaijJAnika zodha ke niSkarSoM ke AdhAra para usakI sva pratiSThA sambhAvita hai|
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________________ AtmA kA vajana bhAratIya darzana ne AtmA ke sambandha meM vividha prakAra se vicAra kiyA hai / usakA AkAra-prakAra kaisA hai ? vaha vyApaka hai athavA sImita ? usakA svarUpa kaisA hai? usakA kArya kyA hai ? usakA astitva traikAlika hai athavA vArtamAnika ? Adi aneka praznoM para prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne UhApoha kiyA hai aura niSkarSataH apanAapanA svatantra abhimata bhI prastuta kiyA hai| ___ AtmA bhArahIna hai athavA bhArayukta ? isa prazna para jaina darzana ke atirikta kisI bhI bhAratIya yA pAzcAtya dArzanika kA dhyAna AkRSTa huA ho, aisA dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| jaina-dArzanikoM ne AtmA ke vajana ke bAre meM cintana kiyA hai / 'rAyapaseNiya sUtra' meM kezI zramaNa evaM rAjA pradezI ke saMvAda se yaha tathya prakaTa hotA hai| rAjA pradezI parama nAstika thA, AtmA jaisI kisI bhI vastu meM usakA vizvAsa nahIM thaa| AtmA hai yA nahIM isake lie usane aneka vyaktiyoM para vibhinna prakAra ke prayoga kiye| vaha zramaNa kezI se kahatA hai-munipravara ! AtmA jaise kisI bhI padArtha kA astitva nahIM hai, kyoMki maiMne cora ko marane se pahale taulA tathA marane ke turanta bAda usakA vajana kiyA, kintu usake vajana meM koI antara nahIM AyA, ataH AtmA kA astitva svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vaijJAnikoM ne AtmA ke vajana ke saMdarbha meM prayoga kiye haiN| AtmA ko taulane ke lie unhoMne saMvedanazIla tarAjU kA nirmANa kiyA hai| rAjA pradezI ke pAsa usa samaya itane saMvedanazIla mApaka yantra nahIM the, jitane Aja upalabdha haiM / isake kAraNa hI pradezI ko marane ke bAda aura marane ke pahale zarIra meM antara mAlUma nahIM huaa| Aja ke vaijJAnika mAnate haiM ki marane ke samaya zarIra se eka tattva nikalatA hai jo bhArayukta hai| svIDiza DaoN. nelsa jaikavasana ke anusAra AtmA kA vajana 21 grAma hai / unhoMne AtmA kA vajana jJAta karane ke lie mRtyu-zayyA para par3e vyaktiyoM ko eka atyadhika saMvedanazIla tarAjU para rakhA aura jaise hI unakI mRtyu huI arthAt AtmA zarIra se pRthak huI, tarAjU kI suI 21 grAma nIce cala gii| .. amerikana DaoN. viliyama maikaDUgala ne bhI AtmA ke viSaya meM vibhinna khojeM kI hai| unhoMne eka aisI tarAjU kA nirmANa kiyA jo azakta marIja ke palaMga para leTe rahane
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________________ 46 / ArhatI-dRSTi ke bAvajUda grAma ke hajAraveM bhAga taka kA vajana batA sakatI hai| usane isa bhArataulaka mazIna ko maraNAsanna rogI ke palaMga se jor3a diyaa| vaha mazIna usa vyakti ke kapar3e, palaMga, phephar3oM kI sAMsoM tathA use dI jAnevAlI davAiyoM kA vajana letI rhii| jaba taka rogI jIvita rahA, mazIna kI suI eka sthAna para sthira rahI lekina jaise hI rogI ke prANa nikale suI pIche haTa gaI aura rogI kA vajana AdhA chaTAMka kama ho gyaa| maikaDUgala ne aise prayoga kaI vyaktiyoM para kiye aura usane niSkarSa nikAlA ki jIvana kA AdhArabhUta tattva hai aura vaha ati sUkSma hai / usakA bhI vajana hai tathA vahI sUkSma tattva AtmA hai / isa prakAra Aja ke vaijJAnikoM ne AtmA nAmaka tattva ko svIkRti dI hai aura usako bhArayukta bhI mAnA hai| ____ jaina dArzanika AtmA ko amUrta mAnate haiM aura jo amUrta tattva hotA hai vaha bhArahIna hotA hai ataH jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA bhArahIna hai| Aja ke vaijJAnika jo bhAra batA rahe haiM vaha sUkSma zarIra kA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra saMsArI AtmAeM sUkSma zarIra se yukta hotI haiN| pratyeka saMsArI AtmA ke sAtha do sUkSma zarIra-taijasa aura kArmaNa jur3e huye haiN| kArmaNa zarIra catuHsparzI paramANuoM se nirmita hone ke kAraNa bhAramukta hai / vaijJAnika jo bhAra batA rahe haiM saMbhavataH vaha taijasa zarIra kA hai jo anavarata saMsArI AtmA se yukta rahatA hai / sUkSma zarIra ke sAtha AtmA ko kathaMcid abheda bhI hai| isa AdhAra para yaha vajana AtmA kA kahA jA sakatA hai / isameM kisI bhI prakAra kI Apatti nahIM honI caahie| jaina darzana ne sAMsArika AtmA kA kathaMcit mUrta bhI mAnA hai / mUrta padArtha bhArayukta ho sakate haiN| ataeva AtmA kA vajana hotA hai, yaha kathana asamIcIna nahIM haiN|
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________________ AtmA kI deha-parimitatA bhAratIya darzana adhyAtma-pradhAna darzana hai| usane eka abhautika, alaukika tattva ke viSaya meM cintana kiyaa| usake cintana ke Aloka se Atma tattva prakAzita huaa| Atma tattva kI svIkRti ke sAtha hI eka prazna ubharA ki isa Atma tattva kA nivAsa sthAna kahAM hai ? isa saMdarbha meM bhinna-bhinna vicAradhArAoM kA prAdurbhAva huaa| upaniSad sAhitya meM AtmA kA pariNAma ___upaniSad sAhitya meM AtmA ke pariNAma ke bAre meM vibhinna dRSTikoNa prastuta hue haiM / vRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM kahA gayA hai--yaha manomaya puruSa (AtmA) antar hRdaya meM cAvala yA jau ke dAne jitanA hai / chAndogyopaniSad ne AtmA ko pradeza mAtra kahA hai| koSItakI meM AtmA ko zarIra pramANa mAnA gayA hai| jaise-talavAra apanI myAna meM aura agni apane kuMDa meM vyApta hai, usI taraha AtmA zarIra meM nakha se lekara zikhA taka vyApta hai| 'eSa prajJAtmA idaM shriirmnuprvissttH|' mue. kopaniSad meM AtmA ko sarvavyApaka mAnA hai| taittirIya upaniSad meM annamaya, prANamaya, manomaya, vijJAnamaya evaM Anandamaya ina saba AtmAoM ko zarIra parimANa svIkAra kiyA hai| jaba AtmA ko avarNya mAnA jAne lagA taba RSiyoM ne ise aNu se aNu aura mahAn se mahAn mAnakara saMtoSa kiyaa| 'aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAn / ' anya bhAratIya darzana meM AtmA kA pariNAma __ sAMkhya, nyAya-vaizeSika Adi sabhI vaidika darzanoM ne AtmA ko vyApaka mAnA hai| zaMkara ko chor3akara rAmAnuja Adi brahmasUtra ke bhASyakAra isake apavAda haiN| unhoMne brahmAtmA ko vyApaka evaM jIvAtmA ko aNu parimANa svIkAra kiyA hai| bauddha ke anusAra AtmA vijJAnoM kA pravAha hai ataH usakA koI parimANa nahIM ho sktaa| vAstava meM AtmA kA koI Azraya hai hI nahIM, jisase AtmA usake anurUpa koI parimANa dhAraNa kara ske| jaina darzana ne AtmA ko aNu vibhu parimANa se rahita madhyama parimANavAlA svIkAra kiyA hai / jaina ne AtmA ko zarIra-vyApI svIkAra kiyA hai| AtmA ke parimANa ke saMdarbha meM aNu vibhu evaM madhyama ina prakAroM kA ullekha hai jo uparyukta varNana se spaSTa hai|
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________________ 48 / ArhatI-dRSTi .. jo darzana AtmA ko vyApaka mAnate haiM unake mata meM saMsArI-AtmA ke jJAna, sukha-duHkha ityAdi guNa zarIra maryAdita AtmA meM hI anubhUta hote haiM, zarIra ke bAhara vAle Atma pradezoM meM nahIM / isa prakAra saMsArI AtmA ko vyApaka mAnA jAye athavA zarIra-vyApI, saMsAra kA bhoga to zarIra vyApI AtmA hI karatI hai| saMsArAvasthA to zarIrasthita AtmA meM hI hai| naiyAyika vidvAn zrIdhara ne nyAyakaMdalI meM kahA hai- . 'sarvagatatve'pyAtmano dehapradeze jJAtRtvam, nAnyatra, zarIrasyopabhogAyatanatvAt / anyathA tasya vaiyarthyAditi / ' ___ jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA zarIra-vyApI hai| sthAnAGga sUtra meM-dharma, adharma, lokAkAza aura eka jIva ke pradeza tulya mAne gaye haiM arthAt ye cAroM dravya asaMkhya pradezI haiM ataH vyApta hone kI kSamatA ke anusAra AtmA loka ke samAna virAT hai| kevalI samudghAta ke samaya AtmA kucha samaya ke lie vyApaka bana bhI jAtI hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM jIvAstikAya ko loka-pramANa kahA gayA hai| pradeza saMkhyA kI dRSTi se dharma, adharma, 'lokAkAza tathA eka jIva samatulya haiM kintu avagAha kI apekSA se ye samAna nahIM hai / dharmAstikAya Adi pUre loka meM vyApta hai| ye tInoM dravya gatizanya tathA niSkriya haiN| inameM grahaNa, utsarga nahIM hotaa| kisI prakAra kI pratikriyA bhI inameM nahIM hotI isalie inake parimANa meM koI parivartana nahIM dekhA jaataa| saMsArI jIvoM meM pudgala kA grahaNa hotA hai| usakI kriyA-pratikriyA hotI hai ataH unakA parimANa sadA eka sarIkhA nahIM rhtaa| usameM saMkoca-vikoca hotA rahatA hai / kArmaNa zarIra yukta AtmA meM saMkoca-vikoca hotA hai| kArmaNa zarIra ke cale jAne para saMkoca-vikoca bhI nahIM hotaa| mukta AtmA meM kArmaNa zarIra ke abhAva ke kAraNa hI saMkoca-vikoca nahIM hotA hai / saMsArI AtmA kArmaNa zarIra yukta hai ataH usameM saMkoca-vikoca hotA rahatA hai / jaina ke anusAra samudghAta ke samaya ko chor3akara AtmA zarIra parimANa hai gurulaghudehapamANo attA cattA hu sttsmughaayN| vavahArA Nicchado asaMkhadeso hu so nneo| nayacakra-121 AtmA ke vyApakatva kI vaikalpika sthiti hai mUlataH vaha zarIra-pramANa hI hai| AcArya hemacandra ne AtmA ke zarIra parimANatva kI siddhi tathA usake vyApakatva kA nirAkaraNa karate hue anyayogavyavacchedikA meM kahA hai
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________________ AtmA kI deha-parimitatA / 49 yatraiva yo dRSTaguNaH sa tatra kumbhAdivat nissprtipkssmett| .. * tathApi dehAd bahirAtmatatvamatattvavAdopahatAH paThanti / / - jisa padArtha ke guNa jahAM upalabdha hote haiM vaha padArtha vahIM hotA hai, anyatra upalabdha nahIM hotA / AtmA ke jJAna Adi guNa zarIra meM upalabdha haiM ataH AtmA zarIra-vyApI hI hai, vibhu nahIM hai / AtmA ke zarIra parimANatva ko prastuta karate hue AcArya malliSeNa ne syAdvAdamaJjarI meM kahA hai-'AtmA sarvagato na bhavati, sarvatra tadguNAnupalabdheH yo yaH sarvatrAnupalabhyamAnaguNaH sa sa sarvagato na bhavati, yathA ghaTaH tathA cAyam tasmAt tathA vyatireke vyomaadi|' isa prakAra jaina dArzanikoM ne eka svara se AtmA ke deha parimANatva ko svIkRti dI hai tathA usake vyApakatva kA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM AtmA ke deha parimANatva ko siddha karanevAlI yuktiyoM kA ullekha hai| AtmA kArmaNa zarIra kI sahAyatA se saMkoca-vikoca svabhAvavAlA hone ke kAraNa hI deha parimANa hai| saMkoca-vikoca ke kAraNa hI eka hI AtmA hAthI ke zarIravAlI evaM kuMthu ke zarIra jitanI sImita bhI ho jAtI hai / AtmA ke isa saMkoca-vikoca ko bhagavatI meM dIpaka ke udAharaNa se spaSTa kiyA hai| dIpaka ko yadi khale AkAza meM rakhA jAtA hai to usakA prakAza vistRta ho jAtA hai| usI dIpaka ko yadi kamare meM DhakanI ke nIce rakhA jAtA hai to usakA prakAzaM sImita ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra kArmaNa zarIra ke AvaraNa se AtmA meM saMkoca vistAra hotA rahatA hai| jo AtmA bAlaka ke zarIra meM rahatI hai vahI yuvA tathA vRddha zarIra meM rahatI hai| kArmaNa zarIra ke kAraNa usameM saMkoca-vikoca sambhava hai| pAzcAtya mata meM AtmA kA parimANa - AtyA ke parimANa ke bAre meM pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne bhI vicAra kiyA hai| pleTo ke anusAra jIvAtmA kA sthAna prANiyoM kA zarIra hai / unhoMne AtmA ko kaI bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai--bauddhika, abauddhika kulIna tathA akulIna / unake anusAra AtmA ke vibhinna bhAga zarIra ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM sthita hai / bauddhika AtmA kA sthAna sira hai| abauddhika kulIna AtmA kA sthAna chAtI hai tathA abauddhika akulIna AtmA kA sthAna zarIra kA nicalA bhAga hai / Adhunika dArzanika rene dekArte ne AtmA kA sthAna mastiSka ke agra bhAga meM sthita pIniyala granthi ko mAnA hai| zarIra meM AtmapradezoM kI saghanatA AtmA zarIra-vyApI hai phira bhI usake kucha viziSTa sthAna haiM jahAM Atma-pradeza saghanatA se rahatA hai, jinako marma sthAna kahA jAtA hai| 'bahubhirAtmapradezairadhiSThitA
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________________ 50 / ArhatI-dRSTi dehAvayavA marmANi / ' inako caitanya kendra bhI kahA jAtA hai / AtmA zarIra parimANa hote hue bhI Atma pradezoM kI saghanatA evaM viralatA ke kAraNa dekArte kA mata 'AtmA pIniyala granthi meM rahatI hai' sarvathA Alocya nahIM hai kyoMki prekSAdhyAna kI bhASA meM pIniyala ko jyoti kendra kahA jAtA hai| vahAM Atma pradezoM kI saghanatA hai| zAyada isa saghanatA ke kAraNa hI dekArte ne AtmA kA nivAsa sthAna pIniyala granthi ko mAnA hai| aise hI yoga kI bhASA meM samajhane se pleTo kA bhI AtmA ke nivAsa sthAna kA abhimata samajha meM A jAtA hai| yoga ke anusAra prazasta kendra zarIra ke UparI bhAga meM haiM tathA kAmakendra ityAdi usake nimna bhAga meM haiN| zarIra parimANatva para AkSepa evaM parihAra ___AtmA ko zarIra parimANa mAnane para jaina dArzanikoM ke sAmane samasyA upasthita kI gaI ki-'yat saparimANaM tad sAvayavaM yatsAvayavaM tadanityam / ' jaina kA maMtavya hai ki AtmA kathaMcit anitya bhI hai / jo saparimANa hotA hai, vaha sAvayava tathA jo sAvayava hai vaha anitya hai, isa prakAra jaina ke sAmane AtmA ke anitya hone kA prasaMga upasthita kiyA gyaa| jo sAvayava ho vaha anitya ho yaha jarUrI nahIM hai| jaise ghaTAkAza, paTAkAza rUpa se AkAza sAvayava hai aura nitya bhI hai tathA jaina ke anusAra saMsAra meM sampUrNa padArtha nityAnitya hai| AdIpamAvyomasamasvabhAvaM syAdvAdamudrAnatibhedi vstu| AtmA nitya bhI hai, anitya bhI hai / AtmA kA caitanya svarUpa kadApi nahIM chUTatA ataH AtmA nitya hai / AtmA ke pradeza saMkucita evaM vikasita hote rahate haiM, kabhI sukha kabhI duHkha ityAdi paryAyAntaro se AtmA anitya hai| ataH syAdvAda dRSTi se sAvayavatA bhI AtmA ke zarIra parimANa hone meM bAdhaka nahIM haiN| AtmA ko zarIra pramANa mAnane se zarIraccheda ke sAtha AtmA ke cheda kA prasaMga bhI upasthita hogaa| jaina ko kathaMcid Atmoccheda mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai| aisI aneka ApattiyAM dArzanikoM ne AtmA ke deha parimitatva ke saMdarbha meM upasthita kI haiM kintu syAdvAda, anekAntavAda ke samakSa ve saba parAsta ho jAtI haiN| ataH AtmA ke zarIra parimANa hone meM koI Apatti nahIM hai| 'AtmA vyApako na bhavati, cetanatvAta yatta vyApakaM na tat cetanama, yathA vyomaH cetanazcAtmA, tasmAd na vyaapkH|' / AtmA na aNu rUpa hai na vibhu rUpa kintu vaha madhyama parimANa vAlI zarIra-vyApI hai| yaha jaina darzana kA mantavya hai|
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________________ jIva kI pahacAna saMsAra jar3a aura cetana, sajIva aura nirjIva ina do tattvoM se paripUrNa haiM / loka kA koI bhI sthAna aisA nahIM hai jahAM ye do tattva upalabdha na hote hoN| jar3a aura cetana kI bheda rekhA kyA hai ? kisa lakSaNavAle ko jIva kahA jAye tathA ajIva padArtha kA lakSaNa kyA hai ? yaha prazna mastiSka meM AMdolita hotA rahatA hai| ____ bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne jIva ke svarUpa ko vyAkhyAyita karane kA prayatna kiyaa| cArvAk itara sAre bhAratIya darzana AtmavAdI haiN| ataeva unhoMne apane cintana ke . . anusAra isakI vyAkhyA kI hai| sAMkhya darzana AtmA ko nitya niSkriya, sarvagata evaM cidsvarUpa mAnatA hai| amUrtazcetano bhogI nityaH sarvagato'kriyaH / akartA nirguNaH sUkSmaH AtmA kApiladarzane // mAMkhya jIva ko karttA nahIM mAnatA, phala bhoktA mAnatA hai| usake anusAra kartRtva zakti prakRti meM hai| - nyAya vaizeSikoM ke anusAra AtmA nitya evaM vibhu hai / sukha, duHkha, buddhi, dveSa ityAdi usake liGga haiM / icchAdveSaprayalasukhaduHkhajJAnAnyAtmano liGgam / ' ve jJAna ko AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa nahIM mAnate kintu Agata guNa mAnate haiM ataeva unakI AtmA mukti avasthA meM jar3a rUpa bana jAtI hai| bauddha ke anusAra AtmA sthAyI evaM nitya nahIM hai| cetanA kA pravAhamAtra hai| ataeva bauddha apane Apako anAtmavAdI kahate haiM / ___vedAnta ke anusAra AtmA (brahma) eka hai kintu dehAdi upAdhiyoM ke kAraNa nAnA pratIta hotI haiN| brahmabindu upaniSad meM kahA gayA 'eka eva hi bhUtAtmA bhUte bhUte vyasthitaH' isa prakAra vedAnta darzana ekAtmavAdI hai / isake viparIta vedAnta kA hI eka aMga viziSTAdvaita jIvoM kI saMkhyA ananta tathA una sabakA svatantra astitva mAnatA mImAMsaka bhI AtmA ko nitya mAnatA hai kintu avasthA bhedakRta bheda bhI use mAnya hai|
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________________ 52 / ArhatI-dRSTi - jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA pariNAmI nitya hai / caitanya svarUpa hai / zubhAzubha karma kI kartA evaM bhoktA hai / svadeha pariNAma hai na aNu na vibhu kintu madhyama parimANa vAlA hai| upayoga lakSaNa vAlA hai jIvo uvayogamao amuttikattA sadeha parimANo bhottA saMsAratyo siddho so visssoddgii| - AtmA astitvavAn hai avinAzadharmA hai / vaha karmoM kA kartA hai tathA kRta ko kA bhoga bhI vahIM karatA hai |asthi aviNAsadhammI karei veeI sanmatiprakaraNa, 3/55) haribhadrAcArya ne jIva ke svarUpa ko prakaTa karate hue kahA "tatra jJAnAdidharmebhyo bhinnAbhinno vivRtimAn / zubhAzubhakarma kartA bhoktA karma phalasya c|" . caitanya lakSaNo jIva / jaina darzana ke anusAra jIva do prakAra ke haiM--saMsArI evaM siddha / siddha jIva zuddha buddha mukta hai unako hama nahIM dekha sakate / zuddha jIva ko paribhASita karate hue kundakundAcArya ne likhA hai jIvassa Natthi vaNNo Navi gaMdho Navi raso Navi ya phAso javi evaM Na sarIraM Navi saMThANaM Na saMhaNaNaM samayasAra gA 50 .yaha sthiti zuddha jIva kI hai, nizcayanaya kI vyAkhyA hai| kintu hamAre anubhava kA viSaya saMsArI jIva banatA hai| usakI pahacAna kisase hotI hai| yaha vimarzanIya bindu hai| aba hamArA jIva ke abhijJAna se tAtparya saMsArI jIva se hai / bhagavatI sUtra meM jIva kI pahacAna ke lakSaNa ko prastuta karate huye kahA gayA hai ki jIva ke jIvatva kI abhivyakti zakti evaM prayala ke dvArA utthA (ceSTA) pUrvaka gati se hotI hai / utthAna, bala, parAkrama ityAdi vIrya kI avasthA vizeSa hai| zakti ke dvArA jIva apane jIvatva ko abhivyakta karatA hai| prayala aura uvayoga jIva aura ajIva kI vibhAjaka rekhA hai| bhagavatI meM hI kahA gayA 'uvaogalakkhaNe NaM jIve jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hai| cetanA ke vyApara ko upayoga kahA jAtA hai / cetanA kA vyApAra binA zakti ke nahIM ho sktaa| matijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se matijJAna kI prApti hotI hai kintu usakI pravRtti nAmakarma ke udaya tathA vIryAntarAyakarma ke kSayopazama se hogI / ataeva prayatna
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________________ jIva kI pahacAna / 53 evaM upayoga jIva ke abhijJAna ke hetu haiN| . dravyasaMgraha meM AcArya neminacandra ne kahA hai ki vyavahAra naya kI apekSA jisake tInoM kAloM meM indriya bala, Ayu aura zvAsocchvAsa ye cAra prANa pAye jAte haiM, vaha jIva haiM tathA nizcaya naya se cetanA hI jIva hai| vyavahAra naya se ATha prakAra kA jJAnopayoga evaM cAra prakAra kA darzanopayoga sAmAnya jIva kA lakSaNa hai kintu zuddhanaya kI apekSA zuddhajJAna tathA darzana hI jIva kA lakSaNa hai| uparyukta jIva kA lakSaNa vyavahAra tathA nizcaya naya ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| - paJcAstikAya meM AcArya kundakunda ne kahA Na hi iMdiyANi jIvA kAyA puNa chappayAra pnnnntaa| jaM havadi tesu NANaM jIvo ti yataM parUvaMti // . paJcAstikAyagA, 121 sparza Adi indriyoM tathA pRthvIkAya Adi kAya ye jIva nahIM hai| unameM jo jJAna mAtrA hai, vahI jIva hai| ___ AcArya nemicandra ne indriya ityAdi jinake hote haiM unako jIva kahA aura AcArya kundakunda ne unameM jIvatva kA niSedha kiyA hai| tatkAla dekhane se donoM ke kathana meM virodha pratIta hotA hai / kintu nayadRSTi se vicAra karane se virodha samApta ho jAtA hai| nemicandra kI vyAkhyA vyavahAra nayAnugAminI aura AcArya kundakunda kI vyAkhyA nizcaya nayA--gAminI hai| vyavahAranaya se kundakunda ko bhI indriya Adi jIva rUpa meM mAnya hai tathA nizcayanaya ke anusAra indriyAdi ke jIvatva kA asvIkAra nemicandra jI ko bhI mAnya hai| ___ jIva kI pahacAna evaM usako ajIva se pRthak karane ke kucha asAdhAraNa lakSaNa pazcAstikAya meM upalabdha hai| jANAdi passadi savvaM icchadi sukhaM vibhedi dukkhaado| kuvadi hidamahidaM vA bhuMjadi jIvo phalaM tesiN|| jIva samasta padArthoM ko jAnatA dekhatA hai| vaha sukha kI abhilASA karatA hai| duHkha se bhayabhIta hotA hai / hita ahita ko karatA hai tathA unake phala ko svayaM bhogatA hai| dazavaikAlika sUtra meM bhI jIva kI icchA zakti kA nirUpaNa hai| saMsAra ke koI 'bhI prANI maranA nahIM cAhate jInA cAhate haiM / unakI yaha cAha (icchA) hI unameM jIvatva
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________________ 54 / ArhatI-dRSTi kI siddhi karatI hai| pAtaJjala yoga darzana meM bhI jIva kI amara rahane kI icchA kA nirUpaNa hai 'mA bhUvaM mA bhUyAsam' koI bhI prANI yaha nahIM cAhatA ki maiM nahIM thA aura nahoU~ / vaha yahI cAhatA hai maiM thA aura hamezA rahaMgA / isa prakAra kI bhAvanA choTe-se-choTe jAtamAtra kIr3e meM bhI hotI hai / jIva svahita ke lie pravRti evaM ahita se nivRtti karate haiN| unakI yaha ceSTA unake jIvatva ko sUcita karatI hai| jina padArthoM meM sukha duHkha kA saMvedana nahIM hotA apane hitAhita ke lie pravRtti nivRtti nahIM hotI, jinameM upayoga lakSaNa nahIM hai ve ajIva haiM acetana haiM / ____ AtmA kA naizcayika lakSaNa cetanA hai vaha nyUnAdhika rUpa meM sampUrNa jIvoM meM hotI hai| karmoM ke AvaraNa ke kAraNa jIvoM meM cetanA sarvathA AvRtta nahIM ho sakatI / usakA akSara ke anantave bhAga jitanA aMza sadaiva udghATita rahatA hai, akkharassa aNaMtatamo bhAgo niccugghADiyo havai' anyathA jIva ajIva meM hI pariNata ho jAtA hai| tattvArtha sUtra meM audayika adi pAMca bhAvoM ko jIva kA svarUpa batAyA gayA'aupazamikakSAyikabhAvau mizrazca jIvasya svatattvamaudayikapAriNAmikau. c|' audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika evaM pAriNAmika bhAva ke AdhAra para jIva apane vyaktitva evaM kartRtva kA nirmANa karatA hai| pAMca bhAva jIva ke vyaktitva nirdhAraNa ke perAmITara haiM / vyakti kyoM hai? kaisA hai ? ityAdi praznoM kA samAdhAna ina bhAvoM ke AdhAra para hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhAva jIva kI pahacAna ke mukhya evaM mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka tattva haiN| ina bhAvoM ke AdhAra para vyakti kI bhautika, manovaijJAnika, caitasika evaM Atmika avasthiti kI vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai| usake zarIra kA AkAra-prakAra, buddhi kI sAmAnyatA evaM viziSTatA, saMvegoM kI bahulatA evaM nyUnatA, vicAroM kI pavitratA yA apavitratA Adi tathyoM kA saMjJAna pAMca bhAvoM ke AdhAra para karanA dArzanika evaM vijJAna jagat ke lie mahattvapUrNa ho sakatA hai| khAnA, pInA, sonA, uThanA, nidrA, bhaya, prajanana vRddhi kSata-saMrohaNa ye jIva ke vyAvahArika lakSaNa hai / baoNyolojI meM kozikA ke lakSaNa diye gaye-vRddhi, cayApacaya, prajanana aura saMvedanA ye lakSaNa hI jIva aura ajIva kI bhedarekhA hai| uparyukta lakSaNa ajIva meM nahIM pAe jAte / eka mazIna khA sakatI hai kintu usake zarIra meM vRddhi nahIM ho sktii| mazIna ko calAne ke lie paiTrola IMdhana Adi diye jAte haiN| usase vaha calatI to rahatI hai kintu usa AhAra kA sAtmIkaraNa nahIM kara sakatI / jIva padArtha apane AhAra kA grahaNa, pariNamana evaM utsarga AhAra paryApti ke dvArA kara letA hai| yaha sAmarthya jIva meM hI hai ajIva meM nahIM / sajIva padArtha hI apane dvArA gRhIta AhAra
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________________ jIva kI pahacAna / 55 kA sAtmIkaraNa kara sakatA hai| yaha sAtmIkaraNa kI kSamatA jIva padArtha meM hI hai| ajIva meM nhiiN| ataH paryApti bhI jIva kA lakSaNa hai| yantra meM prajanana kSamatA nahIM hai ve apane sajAtIya se na to utpanna hote haiM aura na hI sajAtIya ko paidA karate haiM |iske viparIta jIva sajAtIya se utpanna bhI hotA hai aura sajAtIya ko paidA bhI karatA hai| ___koI bhI yantra manuSyakRta niyamana ke binA idhara-udhara ghUma nahIM sktaa| tiryag gati nahIM kara sktaa| eka relagAr3I paTarI para daur3a sakatI hai, havAI jahAja AkAza meM ur3a sakatA hai kintu apanI icchA se eka iMca bhI idhara-udhara nahIM ho sakatA jabaki eka choTI-sI cIMTI apanI icchA se tiryaggati karatI rahatI hai / yantra kriyA kA niyAmaka tattva cetanAvAn prANI hI hai| yantra aura prANI kI sthiti eka-sI nahIM hai / ye lakSaNa jIvadhAriyoM kI apanI vizeSatA hai / jar3a padArtha meM upalabdha nahIM hote haiN|
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________________ jIva : jIvAtmA AtmA kI avadhAraNA bhAratIya darzana kI AtmA hai / pratyeka bhAratIya darzana ne nirvivAda rUpa se AtmA ke astitva ko svIkRti dI hai| AtmA ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM unakI vicAradhArA meM matabheda hai| AtmA ke pariprekSya meM vahAM eka prazna ubhArA gayA ki-AtmA eka hai yA anek|| ekAtmavAda aura nAnAtmavAda kI carcA ke saMdarbha meM sAMkhya darzana aneka AtmAoM ke astitva ko svIkRta karatA hai / naiyAyika evaM vaizeSika AtmA ko sukha duHkha aura jJAna kI niSpatti kI apekSA se eka tathA sukhAdi kI vyavasthA se aneka bhI mAnatA hai| vedAnta AtmA ko eka mAnatA hai tathA jaina darzana AtmA ke nAnAtva meM vizvAsa. rakhatA hai| jaina ke anusAra jIvAtmA hI paramAtmA bana jAtA hai / isase vaha vedAnta ke nikaTa paha~ca jAtA hai kintu vedAnta ke jIvAtmA aneka haiM, paramAtmA eka hai |jain ke anusAra jitane jIvAtmA hai, utane paramAtmA ho sakate haiN| jaina anekAtmavAdI hai| ekAtmavAdI vedAnta zuddhasvarUpa, vyApaka brahma ko hI svIkAra karatA hai, usake anusAra brahma satya hai jagat mithyA hai, ina dArzanikoM ke sAmane eka samasyA utpanna hotI hai ki jaba brahma zuddha svarUpa hai vikAra rahita hai to hiMsAdi kArya kauna karatA hai ? isakA samAdhAna ve jIva aura jIvAtmA ina do zabdoM se prastuta karate haiM / upaniSad meM do zabda prayukta hue-jIva, samaSTigata AtmA arthAt brahma jIvAtmA arthAt pratyagAtmA (Indivisual-soul) / bhagavatI sUtra meM bhI yaha carcA pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM ullikhita hai 'prANAtipAta Adi aThAraha pApoM meM vartamAna jIva anya hai tathA jIvAtmA anya hai, isI prakAra anya sthitiyoM meM bhI jIva aura jIvAtmA kI pRthak sattA ko unhoMne vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| sUtrakRtAGga sUtra meM isI bhAva ko abhivyakta karane vAlA zloka hai-eka hI pRthvI stUpa, parvata, guphA Adi nAnA rUpoM meM dikhAI detA hai, vaise hI eka brahma hI nAnA rUpoM meM pratibhAsita ho rahA hai| brahma-bindu upaniSad meM kahA gayA--eka hI bhUtAtmA sabameM vyavasthita hai / vaha eka hone para bhI jala meM candra ke pratibimba kI bhAMti nAnA rUpoM meM dikhAI detA hai eka eva hi bhUtAtmA, bhUte bhUte vyavasthitaH / ekathA bahudhA caiva, dRzyate jalacandravat // .
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________________ jIva : jIvAtmA / 57 kaThopaniSad meM bhI jIva ke ekatva kA pratipAdana hai| jaisA kahA bhI hai ki agniryathaiko bhuvanaM praviSTo rUpaM rUpaM pratirUpo bbhuuv| ekastathA sarvabhUtAntarAtmA, rUpaM rUpaM pratirUpo bahizca // ___ (kaThopaniSad) bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA--jIva aura jIvAtmA ko pRthak mAnane kI kalpanA samyak nahIM hai / jIva aura jIvAtmA eka hI hai| jo jIva hai vahI jIvAtmA hai jo jIvAtmA hai vahI jIva hai| jaina dRSTi yaha rahI hai ki eka AtmA yA samaSTi cetanA vAstavika nahIM hai aura na vaha dRzya jagat kA upAdAna bhI hai / ananta AtmAeM haiM aura pratyeka AtmA svataMtra isalie hai ki usakA upAdAna koI dUsarA nahIM hai| cetanA vyaktigata hai| pratyeka AtmA kA caitanya apanA-apanA hai / ekAtmavAdiyoM kA kahanA hai ki brahma zuddha svarUpa hai, vyApaka hai / vaha hiMsA Adi kriyA nahIM krtaa| hiMsA meM (pravRtti aura nivRtti zarIrAvachinna jIvAtmA hI karatI hai, unakI yaha mAnyatA tarka kI kasauTI para kharI nahIM utaratI hai / ve pratibimbavAda ke samarthaka haiM kintu unake sAmane eka samasyA upasthita hotI hai ki jo ghaTanA bimba meM nahIM hai vaha pratibimba meM kaise ghaTita ho sakatI hai ? hiMsAdi bimba meM nahIM hai to usake pratibimba jIvAtmA meM bhI ve kaise ho sakatI hai ? pAnI meM candramA kA pratibimba dikhalAI par3atA hai, AkAza sthita candra yadi meghAcchAdita nahIM hai to vaha pAnI meM bhI meghAcchAdita nahIM dikhAI de sktaa| aMgulI hilAyeMge to vaha darpaNa meM hilatI huI dikhAI degI anyathA nahIM ataH jaina darzana nAnA AtmAoM ko brahma kA pratibimba svIkAra nahIM karatA / jIva aura jIvAtmA kI pRthak sattA usako mAnya nahIM hai| usake anusAra AtmAeM aneka haiM tathA una sabakA svataMtra astitva hai| ve brahma jaisI kisI bhI vastu kA pratibimba nahIM haiN| ___ ekAtmavAda meM kriyA kI sArthakatA nahIM hotI isalie ekAtmavAdI jJAnavAdI hote haiM, kriyAvAdI nahIM hote| ekAtmavAda meM na koI hiMsya hotA hai aura na koI hiMsaka / isalie ve hiMsA karate hue bhI hiMsA ko nahIM maante| ___ jaina darzana ke anusAra jIva apanI pratyeka kriyA kA uttaradAyI hotA hai / usakI kriyA svaprerita hai| 'ThANaM' sUtra meM Agata 'ege AyA' kA vaktavya saMgraha naya kI apekSA zuddha caitanya kI samAnatA ke AdhAra para diyA gayA hai / saba AtmAoM kA svarUpa eka jaisA hone para bhI una sabakA svatantra astitva hai / ataH jaina darzana ke anusAra muktAvasthA meM bhI sabhI AtmAoM kA svatantra astitva rahatA hai| sabhI AtmAoM kA vaiyaktika astitva hai|
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________________ arhat kI sarvajJatA sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM meM paraspara ekavAkyatA hai aura vaha ekavAkyatA hai saba darzanoM kI adhyAtma prdhaantaa| jainadarzana ke anusAra AtmA ratnatraya kI ArAdhanA ke dvArA parama prakarSa sthiti ko prApta kara sakatI hai| AtmA svarUpata: jJa svabhAva vAlI hai| AvAraka karmoM ke nAza ho jAne para vaha sampUrNa jJAyaka bhAva ko prApta kara letI hai| ataeva jaina darzana ne sadA se hI trikAla aura trilokavartI samasta dravyoM kI samasta paryAyoM ke pratyakSa darzana ke artha meM sarvajJatA svIkAra kI hai / mImAMsA darzana ke atirikta sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ne sarvajJatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| jaina AgamoM meM sarvajJatA ke prasaMga se kevalajJAna kA ullekha hai / jo samasta dravya tathA unakI trikAlavI paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai vaha kevalajJAna hai / AcArya samantabhadra ne sarvaprathama AgamamAnya sarvajJatA ko yukti aura tarka dvArA siddha karane kA prayatna karake darzana zAstra meM sarvajJa kI carcA kA avataraNa kiyaa| unhoMne kahA ki Apta vahI ho sakatA hai jo nirdoSa aura sarvajJa ho tathA jisake vacana yukti aura Agama ke viruddha na ho / sarvajJatA ke niSedha meM mukharita svara ko pratihata karate hue unhoMne kahA- . doSAvaraNayohAni - nizeSAtizAyanAt / kvacidyathA svahetubhyo bahirantarmalakSayaH / / doSa aura AvaraNa kA sarvathA nAza sambhava hai kyoki unameM tAratamya dekhA jAtA hai arthAt kleza aura ajJAna vyakti meM bhinna-bhinna stara meM pAye jAte haiM unameM tAratamya hotA hai aura jahAM tAratamya hotA hai usakI parAkASThA bhI avazya hotI hai ata: usa tAratamya kI jahA~ vizrAnti ho jAtI hai vaha sarvajJatA hai / AcArya hemacandra ne bhI sarvajJa siddhi meM yahI yukti dI hai| 'prajJAtizayavizrAntyAdisiddhestatsiddhiH' pAtaJjala yoga bhASya meM sarvaprathama yaha yukti prApta hotI hai "tatra niratizayaM srvjnybiijm|' jaba AtmA-doSa aura AvaraNa se mukta ho jAtI hai taba vaha sarvajJa bana jAtI hai| jaise agni, mRtpuTapAka Adi kAraNoM ke dvArA sone ke bahiraMga va antaraMga donoM maloM kA nAza ho jAtA hai vaise hI karma mala ke nAza hone se sarvajJatA prApta ho jAtI hai| AtmA kA svabhAva jAnane kA hai jaba pratibandhaka karma dUra ho jAte hai taba usakA jJa svabhAva prakaTa
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________________ arhat kI sarvajJatA / 59 . hogA hii| agni kA svabhAva jalAne kA hai agni kI zakti kA koI pratibandhaka na ho to vaha jlaayegii| isa kArikA ke dvArA sarvajJatA hotI hI nahIM hai isa atyantAyoga kA vyavaccheda ho gyaa| sarvajJatA hotI hai yaha avadhAraNA sthApita ho jAtI hai| . bauddha darzana meM bhI klezAvaraNa evaM jJeyAvaraNa ye do AvaraNa mAne hai / hInayAna zAkhA ke anusAra mAtra kleza kA nAza ho jAne se mukti ho jAtI hai jabaki mahAyAna ke anusAra mukti ke lie kleza evaM AvaraNa kA kSaya honA Avazyaka hai| sAMkhya darzana meM mukti ke lie viveka khyAti honI Avazyaka hai sarvajJatA honI Avazyaka nahIM kintu jaina ke anusAra doSa aura AvaraNa donoM ke nAza hone se hI mukti saMbhava hai| anyathA mukti nahIM ho sktii| ___ sarvajJatA hotI hai yaha avadhAraNA sthApita ho gayI taba prazna huA vaha sarvajJatA kahI para sambhava ho sakatI hai| kintu kisI vyakti vizeSa meM nahIM ho sakatI isa ayoga rUpa zaMkA kA vyavaccheda karate huye AcArya samantabhadra ne kahA hai 'sUkSmAntaritadUrArthAH pratyakSAH ksycidythaa| anumeyatvato'gnyAdiriti sarvajJAsaMsthitiH // ' ___ AptamImAMsA zloka 5 ____isa kArikA ke dvArA kiyaa| sUkSma, antarita evaM dUravartI padArtha kisI puruSa ke lie pratyakSa hote haiM kyoMki ve padArtha anumeya haiM jo padArtha anumeya hote haiM ve kisI ke pratyakSa ke viSaya bhI hote haiM / jaise hama parvata para sthita agni ko anumAna se jAnate hai parantu parvata para sthita puruSa use pratyakSa se jAnatA hai ata: isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki jo kisI ke lie anumAna ke viSaya hote haiM ve kisI ke pratyakSa ke viSaya bhI hote hai ata: sUkSma, dUravartI padArtha hamAre anumAna ke viSaya haiM ata: ve kisI na kisI ke pratyakSa ke viSaya bhI hoNge| jo inako pratyakSa se jAnatA hai vaha sarvajJa hai / kramaza: sarvajJatA ko siddha karate hue AcArya kahate haiM sa tvamevAsi nirdoSo yuktizAstrAvirodhivAk / avirodho yadiSTaM te prasiddhena na bAdhyate / __ AptamImAMsA zloka-6 he bhagavAn ! vaha sarvajJa Apa hI hai kyoMki Apake vacana yukti Agama ke aviruddha hai| arhat ke dvArA abhimata tattvoM meM kisI bhI pramANa se koI bAdhA nahIM A sakatI
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________________ 60 / ArhatI-dRSTi hai ata: arhat hI sarvajJa hai isa kArikA ke dvArA AcArya ne anyayoga kA vyavaccheda karake arhat ko hI sarvajJa svIkAra kiyA hai| jaisA ki hamane pahale hI spaSTa kara diyA thA ki mImAMsA darzana ke atirikta sabhI bhAratIya darzana sarvajJatA ko svIkAra karate hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmAeM anAdi kAla se saMsAra meM hai tathA ve sAdhanA ke dvArA atyanta prakarSa ko prApta karatI haiN| ve sadaiva mukta evaM sarvajJa nahIM hai jaisA ki sAMkhya Izvara ko mAnatA hai| isake viparita anya bhAratIya darzana sabako sarvajJa hone kI anumati nahIM dete unake anusAra brahma yA Izvara sarvajJa hai jo anAdi mukta haiM / sAMkhya nyAya-vaizeSika Izvara ko sarvajJa mAnate haiN| anya AtmAeM bhI yogaja sarvajJatA ko prApta kara sakatI hai| Izvara meM sarvajJatA nitya hai / islAma, IsAI, yahUdI bhI dharma bhI Izvara ko svIkAra karate haiM aura use sarvajJa mAnate hai| jaina darzana Izvaratva ko svIkAra karatA hai para vaha vibhUti rUpa Izvara ko svIkAra karatA hai kintu sRSTi kartRtva ke rUpa meM Izvara ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| bauddha bhI Izvara , ko sRSTikartA nahIM mAnate hai / sAMkhya ke anusAra Izvara jJAtA evaM upadeSTA hai sraSTA nhiiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra pratyeka AtmA meM Izvaratva zakti vidyamAna hai / usa zakti se pratyeka AtmA Izvara evaM sarvajJa bana sakatI hai| nandI kA kathana hai 'akkharassa aNaMtatamobhAgo niccughADiyo havai' Aja kI bhASA meM yahI Cosmological freedom hai| jo vArya-kAraNa kI paramparA cala rahI hai Natural phenomena arthAt jo niyativAda hai usakA sarjaka puruSa hI hai aura ,vahI puruSa apane puruSArtha ke dvArA usa kArya-kAraNa kI dhArAoM ko mor3a sakatA hai aura Cosmological freedom se sampUrNa sarvajJatA ko prApta kara sakatA hai| anya bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya darzanoM ke anusAra vaha Cosmological freedom mAtra Izvara meM hai jabaki jaina ke anusAra saba jIvoM meM hai ata: isI ke dvArA jIva apane meM antarnihita sarvajJatA ko prApta kara sakate haiN| sarvajJatA aura mokSa ___ sarvajJatA kI carcA dArzanika kSetra kI viziSTa carcA rahI hai| mukti kA jijJAsu sAdhaka mokSa mArga ke tatvoM ke anveSaNa meM lagA rahatA hai| prAcIna kAla meM sarvajJatA kA sambandha mokSa ke sAtha hI thaa| 'sarva jAnAtIti sarvajJaH' jo sabako jAnatA hai vaha sarvajJa hai / mukti ke lie sarvajJa honA Avazyaka hai yA nahIM isa jijJAsA ke sandarbha meM tathA kaivalya evaM sarvajJatA ke viSaya meM hama apanI mImAMsA prastutaM kregeN| mImAMsA darzana ke atirikta prAya: sabhI bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne sarvajJatA ko svIkAra
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________________ arhat kI sarvajJatA / 61 kiyA hai| bhale hI vaha sarvajJatA kisI meM bhI kyoM na rahe / nyAya vaizeSika darzana Izvara ke jJAna ko utpAda vinAza se rahita traikAlika yugapat saba padArthoM ko jAnane vAlA mAnate haiN| ata: Izvara sarvajJa hai / Izvara se bhinna AtmAoM meM bhI vaha sarvajJatA svIkAra karatA kintu saba mukta hone vAlI AtmA sarvajJa ho yaha anivArya zarta nahIM hai / mokSa jAne ke bAda bhI sarvajJa yogiyoM meM pUrNa jJAna zeSa nahIM rahatA kyoMki vaha jJAna Izvara jJAna kI taraha nitya nahIM hai yogajanya hone se vaha anitya hai / niSkarSata: nyAya vaizeSika darzana jo mukti ko mAnatA hai usake anusAra mukti ke lie klezoM kA nAza honA Avazyaka hai| sarvajJatA kA honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| sAMkhya yoga aura vedAnta sammata sarvajJatva kA svarupa bhI vaise hI hai jaisA nyAya vaizeSika mAnate haiN| sAMkhya aura yoga darzana Izvara ko svIkAra karate hai tathA usase sarvajJa bhI mAnate haiN| apariNAmI cetana puruSa meM sarvajJatA kA samarthana na karane se buddhi tatva meM hI IzvarIya sarvajJatva kA samarthana karatA hai| sAMkhya, yoga aura vedAnta darzana meM bhI mokSa prApti ke lie sarvajJatva anivArya zarta nahIM hai binA sarvajJatA ke bhI mokSa prApti sambhava hai| sAMkhya ke anusAra mukti kA hetu vivekakhyAti hai| vivekakhyAti hone se mokSa avazya ho jAtA hai / sAMkhya kA kahanA hai-'jJAnasyaiva parAkASThA vairAgya tannAtarIyakaM kaivalyam' jJAna kI parAkASThA vairAgya hai aura kaivalya usakA avinAbhAvi hai / yaha kaivalya AtmA kI vItarAga avasthA kI hI sUcanA detA hai sarvajJatA kI nhiiN| bauddha darzana kI do zAkhAeM hai-hInayAna aura mahAyAna / hInayAna zAkhA ke anusAra mukti ke lie ajJAna kA nAza honA anivArya nahIM hai, akliSTajJAnam / klezoM kA nAza ho jAne se mukti ho jAtI hai / 'kSayAnutpAdajJAne bodhi: / ' merA Asava kSaya ho gayA tathA usakA kabhI utpAda nahIM hogA usakA aikAntika aura Atyantika nAza ho gayA hai yahI bodhi hai, vItarAgatA hai / bauddha darzana ke itihAsa ko dekhe to jJAta hotA hai ki vaha prArambha se sarvajJavAdI nahIM thA dharmajJavAdI thaa| svayaM buddha ne bodhi prApta hone ke bAda kahA merA ziSya kahA~ hai / yadi ve sarvajJa hote to aisA prazna kyoM pUchate / bAda ke AcAryoM ne unako sarvajJa kahanA zuru kiyaa| zAntarakSita sarvajJatA ko siddha karate hue kahate hai ki cit svayaM prabhAsvara hai ataeva svabhAva se prajJAzIla hai / klezAvAraNa aura jJeyAvaraNa ye Agantuka hai / nairAtmaya darzana ke dvArA bhAvanA bala se sthAyI sarvajJatA prApta ho jAtI hai| saMkSepa meM hama yahI kaha sakate haiM ki boddha darzana meM mokSa ke lie sarvajJatA anivArya zarta nahIM thI bodhi honA Avazyaka thA aura usa vItarAgatA se mokSa prApta ho jAtA hai|
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________________ 62 / ArhatI-dRSTi jainadarzana jo sarvajJatA kA prabala samarthaka hai usane mokSa ke lie sarvajJatA ko anivArya rupa se svIkAra kiyA hai| samasta jJAnAvaraNa ke samUla nAza hone para AtmA kA svabhAva kevalajJAna prakaTa hotA hai jaba taka AvAraka karma rahate hai taba taka AtmA kA jJasvabhAva prakaTa nahIM hotA hai| Avaraka karmoM ke dUra hone para jJa-svabhAva to prakaTa hogA hii| ..'jJasyAvaraNavicchede jJeyaM kimavaziSyate' jaina dArzanikoM ne prArambha se hI trikAlatrilokavartI jJeyoM ke pratyakSa darzana ke artha meM sarvajJatA mAnI hai aura usakA samarthana kiyaa| AcArya kundakunda jo nizcayanaya ke udgAtA the unhoMne kahA jANadi passadi savvaM vavahAraNaeNa kevalI bhgvN| kevalaNANI jANadi passadi NiyameNa appANaM // kevalI vyavahAra naya se saba padArthoM ko jAnate hai / kundakunda ke isa kathana se phalita hotA hai ki sarvajJatA kA paryavasAna AtmajJatA meM hI hotA hai / yadyapi kundakunda ke anya granthoM meM sarvajJatA ke vyavahArika kathana kA varNana aura samarthana upalabdha hotA hai| AcArAMga, bhagavati Adi prAcIna AgamoM meM bhI sarvajJatA kA ullekha hai-'se bhagavaM arahaM jiNe savvannU savvabhASadarisi. . . . / ' jaina darzana ke anusAra sarvajJatA mokSa prApti kI anivArya zarta hai| sarvajJa huye binA koI bhI mukta nahIM ho sktaa| yadyapi jJAnAvaraNa ke kSaya se pUrva niyama se moha karma kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| arthAt vItarAgatA ke bAda hI sarvajJatA ho sakatI hai aura yadi hama jaina sAdhanA paddhati para dhyAna de to vaha vItarAgatA kI sAdhanA hai| sarvajJatA kI sAdhanA kA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| rAga dveSa se mukti kI sAdhanA kA mArga upalabdha hotA hai| sAdhaka usake lie hI prayatna karatA hai| _ anya darzana jo jaina darzana ke samakAlIna hai, kisI ne bhI mokSa ke lie sarvajJatA ko anivArya nahIM mAnA jabaki jaina darzana ne sarvajJatA ko anivArya mAnA hai / aisA kyoM huA yaha prazna nizcita rupa se vidvAnoM kI mImAMsA kA viSaya honA caahie|
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________________ vicaya-dhyAna aura anuprekSA ___ jaina dharma meM dhyAna kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / anazana Adi se bhI adhika mahattva dhyAna ko prApta hai / tapasyA ke dvArA varSoM se jitanI nirjarA nahIM ho sakatI utanI dhyAna se kSaNoM meM ho sakatI hai / lava sattamiyA deva isake pratyakSa udAharaNa haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra dhyAna ke lie tapasyA karate the| dhyAna ke dvArA hI ve sambodhi ko prApta he| dhyAna ke mahattva ko prakaTa karate hue kahA gayA ki yadi anya jIvoM ke karmoM kA saMkramaNa ho sakatA ho to kSapaka kSeNI ArUr3ha muni apanI dhyAna zakti ke dvArA sampUrNa karmavAn prANiyoM ke karma ko kATane meM samartha ho sakatA hai| jaina-dhyAna-krama kA ullekha vyavasthita rUpa se sthAnAGga meM prApta hotA hai| vahA~ cAra prakAra ke dhyAna kA ullekha hai-Arta, raudra dharmya aura shukl| ... merA vivecya viSaya vicaya-dhyAna arthAt dharmya-dhyAna hai / prAkRta meM 'dhamma-jhANaM' zabda kA prayoga huA hai, jisakA saMskRta rUpAMtaraNa dharma aura dharmya donoM ho sakate haiN| kucha AcAryoM ne isakA saMskRta rUpAMtaraNa dharma-dhyAna svIkAra kiyA hai| kintu adhikAMza ne dharmya-dhyAna kA hI prayoga kiyA hai| dharma se yukta ko dharmya kahA jAtA hai| dharma zabda ke ekAdhika artha prApta haiN| vastu ke svabhAva ko dharma kahA jAtA hai| moha-kSobha rahita AtmA kI nirmala pariNati ko bhI dharma kahA jAtA hai / samyak darzana, jJAna aura cAritra ko bhI dharma kahA jAtA hai| kSamA Adi bhI dharma ke dasa prakAra haiN| inako dhyeya banAnevAlA dhyAna dharmya-dhyAna kahalAtA hai| kevala nirvicAra avasthA hI dhyAna nahIM hai, rAga-dveSa zUnya, ahaMkAra-mamakAra rahita vicAra bhI dhyAna hai| kevala yathArtha kA anveSaNa karanevAlA dhyAna vicaya kahalAtA hai| viciti, viveka, vicAraNA, vicaya anveSaNa aura mArgaNa samAnArthaka hai| vicaya dhyAna ke prakAra dhyeya bheda se vicaya cAra prakAra kA hai| dravya aura paryAya ananta hone se dhyeya bhI ananta ho sakate haiN| una ananta dhyeyoM kA ina cAra meM samAsIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| ananta dharmoM kA vargIkaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, ataeva unakA saMkSepa meM kathana hai| jaise--jitane yathArthatAvacchinna jJAna haiM, utane hI pramANa haiM, parantu pradhAnatA se usake do bheda haiM / jitane vicAra ke bheda haiM, utane hI naya haiM, kintu pradhAnatA se dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika do bheda haiN| vaise hI dravya-paryAyApekSa dhyeya ananta aura una sabakA
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________________ 64 / ArhatI-dRSTi samAveza AjJA, apAya, vipAka aura saMsthAna vicaya ke antargata ho jAtA hai / AjJA Adi kA vicaya dhyeya hai / yaha dhyAna kA svarUpa nahIM hai / dhyeya aneka ho sakate haiM kintu dhyAna ke svarUpa aneka nahIM ho sakate / dhyAna kA svarUpa hai-smRtisamanvAhAra / vaha saba dhyeyoM meM ekarUpa hotA haiM / AjJA, apAya Adi ke vicaya ke lie smRti-samanvAhAra karanA kramazaH AjJA vicaya Adi hai| smRti-samanvAhAra tathA eka Alambana para citta kA nirodha donoM samAnArthavAcI haiM / mana ko eka Alambana meM rokanA tathA dUsare AlambanoM se haTAnA smRti-samanvAhAra hai aura yahI ekAgracintA 'nirodha . 1. AjJA vicaya-jinopadiSTa Agama ke sUkSma padArthoM ko Alambana banAkara padArtha cintana meM citta ke rokane ko AjJA-vicaya kahA jAtA hai| 2. apAya-vicaya-zArIrika, mAnasika daHkhAdi paryAyoM kA anveSaNa tathA rAga-dveSa Adi upAyoM meM caitasika ekAgratA kI prApti apAya-vicaya hai|" 3. vipAka-vicaya-karma vipAka meM ekAgratA vipAka-vicaya hai / vipAka vyakta hotA hai, vipAka kA hetu avyakta hai| phala ke sahAre hetu kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / durmedhA ke sahAre jJAnAvaraNa ke sUkSma pudgaloM kI, sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti se vedanIya karma kI avagati huii| viparIta grAhitA ke sahAre moha karma kI tathA janma-maraNa kI zrRMkhalA se AyuSya karma kI pahacAna huii| zubha, azubha zarIra tathA ucca, nIca santati ke AdhAra para nAma evaM gotra kI tathA alAbha ke sahAre antarAya karma kI zodha huii|" vipAka vicaya hetu anveSaNa kI sarvotkRSTa prakriyA hai jisake dvArA parokSa kA pratyakSIkaraNa hotA hai / chadastha vyakti atIndriya padArthoM kA jJAna unake kAryoM se anumAna ke dvArA karatA haikAryAdiliGgadvAreNaivAgdizAmatIndriyapadArthAvagamo bhavati, vipAka vicaya kArya se kAraNa kA sAkSAtkAra karane kI uttama prakriyA hai| 4. saMsthAna-vicaya-loka kI AkRti, usameM honevAle padArtha aura prakRti kA jo cintana kiyA jAtA hai vaha saMsthAna vicaya kahalAtA hai / ' prekSA-dhyAna meM zarIra-prekSA kA prayoga saMsthAna vicaya kA hI eka prakAra hai| zarIra-prekSA ke dvArA nAr3I saMsthAna jAgRta ho jAtA hai| nAr3I-saMsthAna Antarika abhivyakti kA sAdhana hai| jaba vaha jAgRta ho jAtA hai, taba vaha bhItara se AnevAle karma vipAka ko roka letA hai| isase sAdhaka sAdhanA ke kSetra meM aura adhika gati kara sakatA hai| nAr3I-saMsthAna kI nirmalatA caitanya ke prakAza kA bAhara Ane kA hetu bana jAtI hai|
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________________ viSaya-dhyAna aura anuprekSA ) 65 vicaya dhyAna kA lakSaNa vicaya dhyAna ke cAra lakSaNa haiM1. AjJA-ruci-adhyayana ke prati anuraag| 2. nisarga-ruci-satya ke prati svAbhAvika anurAga / 3. sUtra-ruci-sUtra ke prati anuraag| 4. avagAr3ha-ruci-gahana sUtrAdhyayana ke lie anuraag| svabhAva se athavA Agamopadeza ke dvArA jina-praNIta padArthoM meM zraddhAna karanA dharmya-dhyAna kA lakSaNa hai|" vicaya-dhyAna kA phala :- arhet vANI ke cintana se buddhi meM unmAda nahIM hotA / rAga-dveSa ke pariNAma-cintana 'se manuSya doSamukta banatA hai, karma-vipAka se manuSya azubha kArya meM Ananda kA anubhava nahIM krtaa| jagat vaicitrya ko dekhakara vyakti saMsAra meM Asakta nahIM hotaa| ye kramazaH AjJA, apAya, vipAka evaM saMsthAna vicaya ke phala haiN| vicaya dhyAna ke adhikArI sthAnAGga sUtra meM dhyAna ke adhikAriyoM kI carcA prastuta nahIM kI gaI kintu uttaravartI AcAryoM ne isa saMdarbha meM apane vicAra vyakti kiye haiM / AcArya umAsvAti ne sAtaveM guNasthAna meM sthita evaM upazAnta tathA kSINamohI ko hI dharmya-dhyAna kA adhikArI svIkAra kiyA hai| iseka viparIta pUjyapAda devanandI tathA akalaMka ne cauthe guNasthAna se hI dharmya-dhyAna kA honA svIkAra kiyA hai / inake matAnusAra zreNI ArohaNa ke pahale hI dharmya-dhyAna ho sakatA hai| zreNI ArohaNa ke bAda zukla-dhyAna kA honA hI inako mAnya hai| isa saMdarbha meM eka vimarzanIya bindu hai ki prathama tIna guNasthAna vAloM ke kauna-sA dhyAna hotA hai / kyA inake sirpha Arta yA raudra dhyAna hI hotA hai ? athavA ye bhI dharmya-dhyAna ke adhikArI haiM? inakA spaSTa ullekha yoga granthoM meM upalabdha nahIM hai| yahAM yaha jJAtavya hai ki AcArya bhikSu ne mithyAtvI kI karaNI se bhI nirjarA kA honA mAnA hai / yadi mithyAtvI kI karaNI se nirjarA nahIM hotI hai to mithyAdRSTi se vaha samyak dRSTi kaise bnegaa| ataeva isI tarka ke AdhAra para prathama tIna guNasthAna meM dharmya-dhyAna kA honA yuktisaMgata lagatA hai| mithyAdRSTi ke bhI vizuddha lezyA, adhyavasAya aura pariNAma hote haiN| ataH jahA~ lezyA vizuddha hai, vahAM dharmya-dhyAna ho sakatA hai| pAna : kaba, kahAM vicaya-dhyAna ke saMdarbha meM kucha prazna ubharate haiM / vicaya dhyAna ke lie kyA-kyA
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________________ 66 / ArhatI sAmagrI apekSita hai? usake lie sthAna, mudrA, Asana tathA samaya kI.kyA maryAdAe~ haiM? ina praznoM ke uttara AcAryoM ne apane-apane anubhava ke AdhAra para prastuta kiye haiM ? jJAnArNava meM AcArya zubhacandra ne aneka sthAnoM kA dhyAna ke lie varjana kiyA tathA zAnta evaM vijana sthAna ko isake lie vihita btaayaa| isake sAtha hI unhoMne kahA-vicaya-dhyAna ke lie deza, kAla kI maryAdA nahIM ho sktii| isake lie to eka hI niyama hai ki jisa samaya meM yA jisa sthAna meM, jisa Asana yA mudrA meM citta kI ekAgratA sadhatI hai vahI deza, kAla, Asana, mudrA dhyAna ke lie upayogI hai| vicaya dhyAna ke Alambana . dekhane aura jAnane kI kSamatA ko vikasita karane ke lie Alambana apekSita hai| Alambana gati meM sahAyaka hote haiN| Alambana ke sahAre vyakti duruhamArga ko bhI AsAnI se pAra kara detA hai| dharmya-dhyAna ke bhI cAra Alambana haiM 1. vAcanA-AcArya dvArA ziSyoM ko adhyApana / 2. pracchanA-jijJAsAoM kA prstutikrnn| 3. parivartanA-pralamba smRti ke lie punaH-punaH paThita ko doharAnA / 4. anuprekSA-paThita kA artha-cintana / ye Alambana dhyAtA kI dhyeya ke sAtha ekatAnatA meM sahAyaka banate haiN| yogadarzana meM dhyAna aura samAdhi ye do bhinna-bhinna mAne gaye haiN| jaina-yoga meM ina donoM ko eka dhyAna zabda ke dvArA pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| pataJjali kA 'tatra pratyayaikatAnatA dhyAnam (3/2)jaina-yoga kA dharmya-dhyAna hai aura yogadarzana pratipAdita samAdhi jaina-yoga kA zukla dhyAna hai / vicaya kI tulanA bauddha sammata kleza unmUlaka dharma-pravicaya se kI jA sakatI hai / bauddha ke eka prasthAna jhena meM samasyA dekara vyakti ko biThA diyA jAtA hai, usake dvArA samAdhAna prApta karanA ye vicaya dhyAna ke hI prayoga haiN| jaina-yoga meM dharmya-dhyAna ke AjJA, vicaya Adi hI prakAra upalabdha haiN| phira AcArya siddhasena ne vicaya kI pRthak paribhASA prastuta kI hai| mithyAtva evaM kaSAyarUpI AzravoM ke saMvara ko hI unhoMne dharmya-dhyAna kA mukhya uddezya batAyA hai| paramparAgata AjJA, apAya, vipAka evaM saMsthAna vicaya ke sthAna para citta, viSaya evaM zarIra ke svabhAva darzana para" jo bala diyA hai, vaha siddhasena divAkara kI apanI maulika udbhAvanA hai| vicaya dhyAna kI anuprekSA dhyAna se zakti kA jAgaraNa hotA hai| svAdhyAya se jAnA jAtA hai ki zakti
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________________ viSaya-dhyAna aura anuprekSA / 67 jAgaraNa ke pazcAt anuprekSA kA prayoga kaise karanA cAhie / jaba zakti jAgaraNa meM isakA sahArA liyA jAtA hai taba khatarA paidA nahIM hotA hai| vicaya dhyAna ke dvArA , sacAiyoM kA jJAna hotA hai / anuprekSA ke dvArA bhrAntiyoM kA nirasana hotA hai / anuprekSA svabhAva parivartana kA satra hai / jisa Adata kA parityAga karanA hai, pahale usakA vizleSaNa kiyA jAtA hai| Aja ke manovaijJAnikoM ne selpha enAlisisa ko cikitsA paddhati ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| rogI se usakI sthiti kA vizleSaNa karavAyA jAtA hai| vaise hI dhArmika kSetra meM anuprekSA kA prayoga hai / krodha ko chor3anA hai to sabase pahale usake upAya ke bAre meM, phira usake pariNAma ke bAre meM anuprekSaNa kiyA jAtA hai aura una vizleSaNoM ke dvArA vyakti ke krodha kI pakar3a chaTa jAtI hai| vicaya-dhyAna se jo sacAI upalabdha huI hai usakA yoga karanA anuprekSA hai| dharmya-dhyAna kI cAra anuprekSAeM haiM"- . . 1. ekatvAnuprekSA--akelepana kA anubhv| 2. anityAnuprekSA-saMyoga kA anityatA kA anubhv| 3. azaraNAnuprekSA--atrANatA kA anubhv| 4. saMsArAnuprekSA-saMsAra ke bhavabhramaNa kI anuprekSA / maharSi pataJjali ne citta-prasAda ke lie maitrI, karuNA, muditA aura apekSA ina cAra bhAvanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| caitasika mala prakSAlana ke lie anuprekSA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| bauddha sAhitya meM bhI anuprekSA kA prayoga huA hai / vahAM anuprekSA ke sthAna para anupazyanA zabda prayukta hai| donoM zabda eka hI Azaya ko abhivyakta kara rahe haiN| anityAnupazyanA, duHkhAnupazyanA, anAtmAnupazyanA kA sambandha kramazaH - animittAnupazyanA apaNihitAnupazyanA tathA suyaMtAnupazyanA ke sAtha hai| anuprekSA ke saMdarbha meM eka prazna ubhArA gayA ki anuprekSAoM kA pRthak nirdeza kyoM kiyA gayA? ye to dharmya dhyAna ke antargata hI haiN| isakA samAdhAna prastuta karate hue kahA gayAanprekSA vikalpAtmaka hone ke kAraNa dharmya-dhyAna se bhinna hai| anityatA kA cintana jJAnAtmaka vicAra hai vahI anitya anuprekSA hai tathA jaba vahAM para citta niruddha ho jAtA hai vahI dharmya-dhyAna kI avasthA hai| kintu yahAM eka vicAraNI bindu hai ki yadi vicaya aura anprekSA meM jJAna aura ekAgratA kA hI bheda mAneM to vicaya aura anuprekSA kA prakAra eka hI hotA, vAstava meM unake prakAra bhinna haiM / anitya Adi anuprekSA kA AjJA Adi vicayoM se sIdhA sambandha nahIM hai| prekSA-dhyAna ke saMdarbha meM ina donoM kA sambandha khojA gayA hai| usakA niSkarSa yaha hai ki vicaya dharma yA satya ko khojane kI paddhati hai| anuprekSA satya kI khoja ke sAtha honevAle priya-apriya saMvedanoM se
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________________ 68 / ArhatI-dRSTi mukta rahane kI paddhati hai| donoM meM ekAgratA kA abhyAsa jarUrI hai, kintu donoM kA prayojana bhinna hai| anuprekSA satya anubhUti kI prakriyA hai / vicaya tathA anuprekSA ke dvArA vyakti ajJAta ko jJAta, parokSa ko pratyakSa karane meM saphalatA prApta kara sakatA saMdarbha-sUcI 1. bhagavatI, 14/84-88 / 2. prazamarati-prakaraNa, zloka 265 / 3. dharmAdanapetaM dharmyam |tttvaarth-vaartik, 4. vatthusahAvo dhmmo| 5. AtmanaH pariNAmo... |tttvaanushaasn, 52vA~ shlok| 6. tattvArthavArtika 9/36 / 7. atIta kA anaavrnn| pR. 83. 8. ekAgracintAnirodho dhyaanm| tattvArtha-sUtra 9/27, 9. sambodhi, 12/34 / 10. tattvArthabhASya, 9/37 / 11. tattvArthabhASyAnusAriNI TIkA, 9/37 / 12. sambodhi, 12/37 13. ThANaM, 4/66 / 14. dhyAna zataka, zloka 67 / 15. sambodhi, 12/38-39 / 16. bhrm-vidhvNsn| 17. jJAtAdharmakathA, 1/170 / 18. jJAnArNava, 27/23 -34 / 19. ThANaM, 4/67 / 20. dhyAna dvAtriMzikA, 27vA~ shlok| 21. ThANaM, 4/68 22. pAtaJjala, 1/33 / 23. abhidhammatthasaMgaho, 9vA~ adhyAya / 24. tatvArthavArtika, vRti9/37 /
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________________ jainayoga meM anuprekSA yaha saMsAra zabda evaM arthamaya hai| zabda, artha ke bodhaka hote haiN| artha vyaMgya evaM zabda vyaJjaka hotA hai| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM zabda evaM artha donoM kA hI upayoga hotA hai| sAdhaka zabda ke mAdhyama se artha taka pahu~catA hai tathA antataH artha ke sAtha usakA tAdAtmya sthApita hotA hai / artha se tAdAtmya sthApita hone se dhyeya, dhyAna evaM dhyAtA kA vaividhya samApta hokara unameM ekatva ho jAtA hai / usa ekatva kI anubhUti meM yoga paripUrNatA ko prApta hotA hai / isa ekatva kI avasthA meM cittavRttiyoM kA sarvathA nirodha ho jAtA hai| pAtaJjala yogadarzana ke anusAra yaha nirodha hI yoga hai / pUrNa samAdhi kI avasthA hai| __ jaina darzana meM yoga zabda kA artha hai-pravRtti / mana, vacana evaM kAyA kI pravRtti ko yoga kahA gayA hai / jaina-tattva-mImAMsA meM zubhayoga, azubhayoga Adi zabda pracalita hai, kintu prastuta prasaMga meM jainayoga zabda kA prayoga isa pravRttyAtmaka yoga ke lie nahIM huA hai| yahA~ yoga zabda jaina sAdhanA paddhati ke artha meM prayukta hai| Agama uttaravartI jaina sAhitya meM yoga kA tattvamImAMsIya artha pravRttyAtmakatA to svIkRta hI rahA kintu sAtha meM sAdhanA ke artha meM bhI isakA prayoga hone lgaa| jaina AcAryoM ne sAdhanAparaka granthoM ke nAma yogazAstra Adi rakhe evaM yoga kA sAdhanAtmaka nAma sarvamAnya ho gyaa| AtmA kA siddhAnta sthira huA taba Atma-vikAsa ke sAdhanoM kA anveSaNa kiyA gyaa| Atma-vikAsa ke una sAdhanoM ko eka zabda meM mokSamArga yA yoga kahA gayA hai| vastutaH jaina sAdhanA paddhati kA nAma mokSamArga hai / A haribhadra ne kahA--'mokkheNa joyaNAMo jogo savvo vi dhmmvaavaaro'| vaha sArA dhArmika vyApAra yoga hai jo vyakti ko mukti se jor3atA hai| yoga yA mokSamArga kevala pAralaukika hI nahIM hai kintu vartamAna jIvana meM bhI jitanI zAnti, jitanA caitanya sphurita hotA hai vaha saba mokSa hai| * zAnti evaM caitanya kI sphuraNAM ke lie jaina sAhitya meM aneka upAyoM kA nirdeza hai| una upAyoM meM eka mahattvapUrNa upAya hai-anuprekSA / jaina Agama, tattva-mImAMsIya evaM sAdhanAparaka sAhitya meM anuprekSA/bhAvanA ke siddhAnta kA mahattvapUrNa evaM vizada vivaraNa prApta hai| mokSamArga meM vairAgya kI abhivRddhi ke lie bAraha anuprekSAoM kA varNana prasiddha hai| inheM bAraha vairAgya bhAvanA bhI kahate haiN| inake anucintana se vyakti
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________________ 70 / ArhatI-dRSTi bhogoM se nirviNNa hokara sAmyabhAva meM sthita ho sakatA hai| dhyAna kI parisampannatA ke pazcAt mana kI mUrchA ko pror3anevAle viSayoM kA anucintana karanA anuprekSA hai / anu evaM pra upasarga sahita IkS dhAtu ke yoga se anuprekSA zabda niSpanna huA hai, jisakA zAbdika artha hai-punaH punaH cintana karanA/vicAra krnaa| prAkRta meM anuprekSA ke lie aNuppehA, aNupehA, aNuvekkhA, aNuvehA, aNupperakhA, aNupekkhA Adi zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| ina sabakA saMskRta rUpAntaraNa anuprekSA hai / AcArya pUjyapAda ne zarIra Adi ke svabhAva ke anucintanaM ko anuprekSA kahA hai| svAmI kumAra ke abhimatAnusAra sutattva kA anucintana anuprekSA hai / anitya, azaraNa Adi svarUpa kA bAra-bAra cintana, smaraNa karanA anuprekSA hai| anuprekSA-tattva cintanAtmaka hai| dhyAna meM jo anubhava kiyA hai usake pariNAmoM para vicAra karanA anuprekSA hai| ____ adhyAtma ke kSetra meM anuprekSA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / anuprekSA ke vividha prayogoM se vyakti kI bahirmukhI cetanA antarmukhI. bana jAtI hai| cetanA kI antarmukhatA hI adhyAtma hai| jIvana kA abhISTa lakSya hai| anuprekSA ke mahattva ko prakaTa karate hue AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai ki jitane bhI bhUtakAla meM zreSTha puruSa siddha hue haiM evaM bhaviSya meM hoMge vaha bhAvanA kA hI mahattva haiM / AcArya padmanandi bAraha anuprekSA ke anucintana kI preraNA dete hue kahate haiM ki bAraha bhAvanA mahAn puruSoM ke dvArA sadA hI anuprekSaNIya hai| unakI anucintanA karmakSaya kA kAraNa haiM / zubhacandrAcArya kahate haiM ki bhAvanA ke abhyAsa se kaSAyAgni zAnta, rAga naSTa evaM andhakAra vilIna ho jAtA hai tathA puruSa ke hRdaya meM jJAnarUpI dIpaka udbhAsita ho jAtA hai|" tattvArthasatra, kArtikeyAnuprekSA Adi granthoM meM anuprekSA ko saMvara dharma kA vizeSa hetu mAnA hai|" ___ Agama meM eka sAtha bAraha anuprekSA kA ullekha nahIM hai kintu uttaravartI sAhitya meM unakA eka sAtha varNana hai| vArasa-aNuvekkhA, kArtikeyAnuprekSA, zAnta-sudhArasabhAvanA Adi granthoM kA nirmANa to mukhya rUpa se ina anuprekSAoM ke lie hI huA hai| tattvArthasUtra Adi meM bhI inakA paryApta vivecana upalabdha hai / zAnta-sudhArasa Adi kucha granthoM meM ina bAraha bhAvanAoM ke sAtha maitrI Adi cAra bhAvanAoM ko jor3akara solaha bhAvanAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jaina sAhitya meM bAraha bhAvanAoM kA ullekha bahulatA se prApta hai / anitya Adi anuprekSA ke prathaka-pRthaka prayojana kA bhI vahA~ para ullekha hai / Asakti vilaya ke lie anitya anuprekSA, dharmaniSThA ke vikAsa ke lie azaraNa anuprekSA, saMsAra se udvega prApti hetu saMsAra-bhAvanA evaM svajana-moha tyAga ke
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________________ jainayoga meM anuprekSA / 71 lie ekatva anuprekSA kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai / isI prakAra anya anuprekSAoM kA viziSTa prayojana hai| - uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM anuprekSA ke pariNAmoM kA bahuta sundara varNana upalabdha hai| anuprekSA se jIva kyA prApta karatA hai, gautama ke isa prazna ke samAdhAna meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne anuprekSA ke lAbha batAye haiN| vahAM para anuprekSA ke chaha viziSTa pariNAmoM kA ullekha hai 1. karma ke gAr3ha bandhana kA shithiliikrnn| 2. dIrghakAlIna karma sthiti kA alpiikrnn| 3. tIvra karma vipAka kA mNdiikrnn| 4. pradeza parimANa kA alpIkaraNa / 5. asAtA vedanIya karma ke upacaya kA abhaav| 6. saMsAra kA alpiikrnn| - anuprekSA cintanAtmaka hone se jJAnAtmaka hai, dhyAnAtmaka nahIM hai| anitya Adi viSayoM ke cintana meM jaba citta lagA rahatA hai taba vaha anuprekSA aura jaba citta una viSayoM meM ekAgra bana jAtA hai, taba vaha dharmya-dhyAna kahalAtA hai" / dhyAna zataka meM sthira adhyavasAya ko dhyAna evaM asthira adhyavasAya ko citta kahA hai aura vaha citta . bhAvanA, anuprekSA athavA cintanAtmaka rUpa hotA hai| .. . svAdhyAya ke pA~ca bhedoM meM anuprekSA bhI eka hai" / sUtra ke artha kI vismRti na ho isalie artha kA bAra-bAra cintana kiyA jAtA hai / artha kA bAra-bAra cintana hI anuprekSA hai / anuprekSA meM mAnasika parAvartana hotA hai vAcika nahIM hotA" / dharmyadhyAna evaM zukla-dhyAna kI bhI cAra-cAra anuprekSA batAI gaI hai / svAdhyAyagata anuprekSA, dhyAnagata anuprekSA evaM bAraha anuprekSA meM anuprekSA zabda kA prayoga huA hai kintu sandarbha ke anukUla unake tAtparyArtha meM kathaMcit bhinnatA hai| prAcIna granthoM meM anuprekSA kA tattva-cintanAtmaka rUpa upalabdha hai| yadyapi dharmya evaM zukla dhyAna kI anuprekSAoM kA bhI ullekha hai kintu unakA bhI cintAtmaka rUpa hI upalabdha hai / prekSA dhyAna ke prayogoM meM anuprekSA ke cintanAtmaka svarUpa ke sAtha hI usakA dhyeya ke sAtha tadAtmakatA ke rUpa ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| anuprekSA kA prayoga sujhAva paddhati kA prayoga hai / Adhunika vijJAna kI bhASA meM ise sajesTolaoNjI kahA jA sakatA hai / svabhAva parivartana kA anuprekSA amogha upAya hai / anuprekSA ke dvArA jaTilatama AdatoM ko badalA jA sakatA hai / prekSA dhyAna meM svabhAva parivartana ke siddhAnta
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________________ 72 / ArhatI-dRSTi ke AdhAra para aneka anuprekSAoM kA nirmANa huA hai evaM unake prayogoM se vAJchita pariNAma bhI prApta hue haiN| ___ svabhAva parivartana ke lie pratipakSa bhAvanA kA prayoga bahuta lAbhadAyI hai / pratipakSa kI anuprekSA se svabhAva, vyavahAra aura AcaraNa ko badalA jA sakatA hai / moha-karma ke vipAka para pratipakSa bhAvanA kA nizcita prabhAva hotA hai| dazavaikAlika meM isakA spaSTa nirdeza prApta hai| upazama kI bhAvanA se krodha, mRdutA se abhimAna, RjutA se mAyA aura saMtoSa se lobha ke bhAvoM ko badalA jA sakatA hai / AcArAMga sUtra meM bhI aise nirdeza prApta haiM jo puruSa alobha se lobha ko parAjita kara detA hai, vaha prApta kAmoM meM nimagna nahIM hotaa| ___ adhyAtma ke kSetra meM pratipakSa bhAvanA kA siddhAnta anubhava kI bhUmikA meM sammata hai| jaina manovijJAna ke anusAra maulika manovRttiyAM cAra haiM-krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha / yaha mohanIya karma kI audayika avasthA hai| pratyeka prANI meM jaise mohanIya karma kA audayika bhAva hotA hai vaise hI kSAyopazamika bhAva bhI hotA hai| pratipakSa kI bhAvanA ke dvArA audayika bhAvoM ko niSkriya kara kSAyopazamika bhAva ko sakriya kara / diyA jAtA hai / maharSi pataJjali ne bhI pratipakSa bhAvanA ke siddhAnta ko mAnya kiyA hai| unakA abhimata hai ki avidyA Adi kleza pratipakSa bhAvanA se upahata hokara tanu ho / jAte haiM / kleza pratiprasava (pratipakSa) ke dvArA heya hai / anuprekSA ke prayoga klezoM ko tanu karate haiN| ___ anuprekSA saMkalpa zakti kA prayoga hai| anuprekSA ke prayoga se saMkalpazakti ko bar3hAyA jA sakatA hai| vyakti jaisA saMkalpa karatA hai, jina bhAvoM meM AviSTa hotA hai, tadanurUpa usakA pariNamana hone lagatA hai / jaMjaM bhAvaM Avisai taM taM bhAvaM prinnmii"| saMkalpa zakti ke dvArA mAnasika citra kA nirmANa ho gayA to usa ghaTanA ko ghaTita honA hI hogaa| saMkalpa vastu ke sAtha tAdAtmya ho jAne se pAnI bhI amRtavat viSApahAraka bana jAtA hai| AcArya siddhasena ne kalyANa mandira meM isa tathya ko spaSTa rUpa se abhivyakta kiyA hai| tattvAnuzAsana meM kahA gayA hai ki vyakti jisa vastu kA anucintana karatA hai vaha tat sadRza guNoM ko prApta kara letA hai| paramAtmasvarUpa ko dhyAnAviSTa karane se paramAtmA, garur3a rUpa ko dhyAnAviSTa karane se marur3a evaM kAmadeva ke svarUpa ko dhyAnAviSTa karane se kAmadeva bana jAtA hai / pAtaJjala yogadarzana meM / bhI yahI nirdeza prApta hai / hastibala meM saMyama karane para hasti sadRza bala ho jAtA hai| garur3a evaM vAyu Adi para saMyama karane para dhyAtA tatsadRza bana jAtA hai|
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________________ jainayoga meM anuprekSA / 73 anuprekSA dhyAna kI pRSThabhUmi kA nirmANa kara detI hai| anuprekSA kA Alambana prApta ho jAne para dhyAtA dhyAna meM satata gatizIla banA rahatA hai| anuprekSA/bhAvanA Atma-sammohana kI prakriyA hai / arham kI bhAvanA karanevAle meM arhat hone kI prakriyA zurU ho jAtI hai / dhyeya ke sAtha tanmayatA hone se hI tadguNatA prApta hotI hai / isalie AcArAMga meM kahA gayA sAdhaka dhyeya ke prati dRSTi niyojita kare, tanmaya bane, dhyeya ko pramukha banAye, usakI smRti meM upasthita rahe, usameM dattacitta rahe / ___ bauddha evaM pAtaJjala sAdhanA paddhati meM bhI bhAvanAoM kA prayoga hotA hai / pAtaJjala yogasUtra meM anitya, azaraNa Adi bhAvanAoM kA to ullekha prApta nahIM hai kintu maitrI, karuNA evaM muditA inakA ullekha hai / maharSi pataJjali ne citta prasAda ke lie ina bhAvanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| upekSA ko inhoMne bhAvanA nahIM mAnA hai| unakA abhimata hai ki pApiyoM meM upekSA karanA bhAvanA nahIM hai ataH usameM samAdhi nahIM hotI ___bauddha sAhitya meM anupazyanA zabda kA prayoga huA hai jo anuprekSA ke artha ko hI abhivyakta karatA hai| 'abhidharma saMgraha meM anityAnupazyanA, duHkhAnupazyanA, anAtmAnupazyanA, animittAnupazyanA Adi kA ullekha prApta hai / 'vizuddhimagga' meM dhyAna ke viSayoM (karma-sthAna) ke ullekha ke samaya dasa prakAra kI anusmRtiyoM evaM cAra brahma vihAra kA varNana kiyA hai / unase anuprekSA kI AMzika tulanA ho sakatI hai| maraNa-smRti karmasthAna meM zava ko dekhakara maraNa kI bhAvanA para citta ko lagAyA jAtA hai jisase citta meM jagat kI anityatA kA bhAva utpanna hotA hai / kAyagatAnusmRti azauca bhAvanA ke sadRza hai| maitrI, karuNA, muditA evaM upekSA ko bauddha darzana meM brahmavihAra kahA gayA hai| ye maitrI Adi hI jaina sAhitya meM maitrI, karuNA Adi bhAvanA ke rUpa meM vikhyAta hai| Adhunika cikitsAkSetra meM bhI anuprekSA kA bahuta prayoga ho rahA hai| mAnasika santulana banAye rakhane ke lie yaha bahuta mahattvapUrNa prakriyA hai| Mind store nAmakaM prasiddha pustaka ke lekhaka Jack Black ne mAnasika santulana evaM mAnasika phiTanesa ke progrAma meM isa paddhati kA bahuta prayoga kiyA hai| unakI pUrI pustaka hI isa paddhati para mahattvapUrNa prakAza DAlatI hai| dhyAna ke dvArA jJAta saccAiyoM kI vyAvahArika pariNati anuprekSA ke prayoga se sahajatA se ho jAtI hai / anuprekSA, saMkalpa-zakti, svabhAva-parivartana, Adata-parivartana evaM vyaktitva-nirmANa kA mahattvapUrNa upakrama hai / cikitsA ke kSetra meM isakA bahumUlya yogadAna ho sakatA hai / anuprekSA ke mAdhyama se Adhi, vyAdhi evaM upAdhi kI cikitsA
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________________ 25. 74 / ArhatI-dRSTi ho sakatI hai / prekSA-dhyAna ke ziviroM meM vibhinna uddezyoM se anuprekSA ke prayoga karavAye jAte haiM / unakA lAbha bhI saiMkar3oM-saiMkar3oM vyaktiyoM ne prApta kiyA hai / ataH Aja apekSA isa bAta kI hai ki anuprekSA ke bahu-AyAmI svarUpa ko hRdayaMgama karake sva-para kalyANa ke kAryakrama meM use niyojita kiyA jaaye| sandarbha 1. yogazcittavRttinirodhaH, pA. yo. sU. 1/2 2. kAya-vAG-mano-vyApAro yogH| 3. yogaviMzikA, zlo. 1 .. 4. amUrttacintana, pR. 1 5. zarIrAdInAM svbhaavaanucintnmnuprekssaa| sarvArthasiddhi 9/2 6. sutattacintA annuppehaa| . kArtikeyAnuprekSA, zlo. 97 7. anu punaH punaH prekSaNaM cintanaM smrnnmnityaadisvruupaannaamitynuprekssaa| kArtikeya, pR. 2 8. kiM palaviyeNa bahuNA je siddhA NaravarA gaye kaale| sijjhihahi je vi bhaviyA tajjANaha tassamAhappaM // .. vArasa aNuvekkhA, gA. 90 9. dvAdazApi sadA cintyA anuprekSA mahAtmabhiH / tad bhAvanA bhavatyeva karmaNAM kSayakAraNam // paMcaviMzatikA, zlo. 42 10.vidhyAti kaSAyAgni vigalita rAgo vilIyate dhvAntam / unmiSati bodhadIpo hRdi puMsAM bhAvanAbhyAsAt / / . .. jJAnArNava, bhA. a. 192 11. (ka) sa guptismitidhrmaanuprekssaaprissjycaaritraiH| tattvArtha, sUtra 9/2 (kha) guttIsamidI dhammo aNuvekkhA.... sNvrheduuvisesenn| ___ kArtikeyAnuprekSA 96 12. (1) saMgavijayaNimittamaNiccatANuppehaM Arabhate / (2) dhamme thiratANimittaM asaraNataM cintyti| (3) saMsAruvvegakaraNaM sNsaaraannuppehaa| (4) smbndhisNgvijitaayegttmnnupeheti| dazavai aga. cUrNi, pR. 18
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________________ jainayoga meM anuprekSA / 75 13. uttarAdhyayana 29/23 14. tattvArtharAjavArtika 9/36/13 . * 15. jaM thiramajjhavasANaM taM jhANaM jaM calaM tayaM cittaM / .. taM hojja bhAvaNA vA aNupehA vA ahava cinta // dhyAna-zataka, gA. 2 16. ThANaM 5/220 17. sUtravadarthe'pi saMbhavati vismaramataH so'pi paribhAvanIya itynuprekssaa| uttarA zA. vR, pR. 584 18. aNuppehA nAma jo maNasA pariyaTTei No vaayaae| dazavai. ji. cUrNi, pR. 29 19. ThANaM 4/68,72 . : 20. uvasameNa haNe kohaM mANaM maddavayA jinne|| ___ mAyaM cajjavabhAveNa lohaM saMtosao jiNe // dazavai. 8/38 . 21. lobhaM alobhaM dugaJchamANe, laddhe kAme naabhigaahi| AcArAMga 2/36 22. pratipakSabhAvanopahatAH klezAstanavo bhvnti| pAta. yo. sU. yA 2/4, 23. te pratiprasavaheyAH suukssmaaH| pA. yo. sU. 2/10, 24. jaM jaM bhAvaM aavisi| 25. kalyANamandira, zlo. 17 . 26. yadA dhyAna-balAd dhyAtA zUnyIkRtya svvigrhm| dhyeyasvarUpAviSTatvAttAdRk sampadyate svayam // .. tadA tthaavidh-dhyaan-sNvitti-dhvstklpnH|| sa eva paramAtmA syAdvainateyazca manmathaH / tattvAnuzAsana, zlo. 135-36 27. baleSu hstiblaadiini| pAta. yo. sU. 3/24 -- 28. taddiTThIe tammuttIe tappurakkAre tassaNNI tnnivesnne| AcArAMga 5/110 29. maitrIkaruNAmuditeti tisro bhAvanAH / pA. yo. sU. bhA. 3/23 30. abhidhammatthasaMgaho, 9vAM adhyaay| 31. vizuddhimagga, pariccheda 7-8, pR. 133-200 /
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________________ dhutAdhyayana : eka parizIlana AcArAMga, sAdhanA kA pratipAdaka sUtra hai / isameM AcAra se bhI adhika vyAkhyA sAdhanA kI hai| isake nau adhyayana haiM-zastra parijJA, loka-vijaya, zItoSNIya, samyaktva, lokasAra, dhuta, mahAparijJA jo vartamAna meM anupalabdha hai, vimokSa evaM upadhAna / prastuta nibandha meM dhutAdhyayana kA vimarza vAJchita hai| dhuta lakSya ko prApta karane kI sAdhanApaddhati hai| isake dvArA sAdhaka apane lakSya kI prApta kI ora agrasara hotA hai tathA antataH usako prApta karane meM samartha ho jAtA hai| saMyama evaM mokSa kI ArAdhanA ke lie niHsaMgatA evaM karma-vidhUnana anivArya AvazyakatA hai| Asakti evaM karma, ye donoM sAdhaka ko pathacyuta karane meM paryApta haiM ataeva inakA apanayana evaM vidhUnana atyanta apekSita hai| _ 'dhuta' bhAratIya sAdhanA-paddhati kA pracalita zabda thA tathA bhArata ke sabhI dharmoM meM isako sammAnajanaka sthAna prApta thA / bauddha dharma ke prasiddha grantha 'visuddhimagga' meM 13 dhutAGgoM kA ullekha upalabdha hai / bhAgavata meM bhI isakA ullekha prApta hotA hai / avadhUta paramparA dhuta kI sAdhanA-paddhati para AdhArita hai, aisA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina-paramparA meM 'AyArI' jaise prAcIna Agama meM isakA nirUpaNa prApta hai| dhuta kA artha hai-prakampita aura pRthakkRta / AcArAMga bhASyakAra ne 'dhuta' ko tapa kI paddhati ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| dhRtavAda karma nirjarA kA siddhAnta hai| jina-jina hetuoM se karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai una sabakI dhuta saMjJA hotI hai| prastuta adhyayana meM 'dhutavAda' kA varNana huA hai / isa adhyayana ke pAMca uddezaka haiN| niyuktikAra ne ina pAMca uddezakoM meM pAMca dhutoM ke varNana kA ullekha kiyA hai|' vidhUnana ke pAMca prakAra haiM jinakA kramazaH ullekha isa adhyayana ke prathamAdi uddezakoM meM upalabdha hai 1. svajana vidhuunn| 2. karma vidhuunn| 3. zarIropakaraNa vidhUnana / 4. gaurava vidhuunn| 5. upasarga sammAna vidhUnana /
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________________ dhutAdhyayana : eka parizIlana / 77 isa adhyayana meM ina pAMca dhutoM kA varNana to mukhya rUpa se hai hI sAtha hI aneka dUsare dhutoM kA bhI pratipAdana hai jaisA ki 'dhutAdhyayana' ke sUtroM ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai| yathA-sUtra saMkhyA 8 se 23 taka acikitsAdhuta kA varNana hai| aise hI vinaya, saMyama ityAdi dhutoM kA ullekha prApta hai| sAdhanA mArga para agrasara sAdhaka ko svajana vicalita karanA cAhate haiN| pravrajyA ke samaya Akrandana se athavA viSaNNa banate hue usako rokane kA prayatna karate haiM, kintu AtmasAdhaka unako chor3a detA hai, unakA parityAga kara detA hai / yaha svajana parityAga - upakaraNa evaM zarIra ke prati mamatva bhAva honA sahaja hai| ye saba mamatva cetanA ko puSTa karate haiN| mamatva bhAva saMsAra vRddhi kA hetu banatA hai| ataeva mamatva cetanA kA parityAga hI dhuta sAdhanA kA prayojana hai| gaurava, ahaMkAra evaM mada vyakti ko abhibhUta kara dete haiN| inake dvArA Atma-prajJA parAsta ho jAtI hai| Atma-prajJA prApaka ke lie gaurava trika kA parityAgaM karanA Avazyaka hai / Rddhi, rasa evaM sAtA ke gaurava se sAdhaka unmatta ho jAtA hai| paNDitamanya vyakti jJAna ke lava mAtra ko prApta karakeunmatta ho jAtA hai / AtmazlAghA karane meM saMlagna vaha AcArya kI bhI avamAnanA karane lagatA hai / rasa gaurava-yukta vyakti AhAra-zuddhi kA dhyAna nahIM rkhte| aise vyaktiyoM ko apanA vrata-tyAga karane meM bhI saMkoca nahIM hotA hai / sAtA gaurava vAle apane sAdhutva ko vismRta karake zarIra vibhUSA meM sampRkta ho jAte haiM / unakA Atma-sAdhanA kA lakSya dhUmila ho jAtA hai| ataeva gaurava vidhUnana atyanta apekSita hai / anuprekSA ke prayoga se gaurava trika para saralatA se vijaya prApta kI jA sakatI hai| ina sabhI vidhUnanoM meM karma vidhUnana hI pradhAna hai / vastutaH svajana vidhUnana, upakaraNa, zarIra Adi vidhUnanoM kA paryavasAna karma vidhUnana meM hotA hai / hama aisA bhI kaha sakate hai ki rAga-dveSaM evaM moha ke vidhUnana se karma vidhUnana sampanna hotA hai| karma-vidhUnana pradhAna hai ataH sAdhaka ko isake lie prayala karanA apekSita hai| ekatva anuprekSA ke dvArA karma-vidhUnana sampAdita hotA hai / isI tathya ko prastuta karate hue AcArAMga kahatA hai ki sAdhaka saba prakAra ke saMga kA parityAga kare (yaha bhAvanA kare)-merA koI nahIM hai, isalie maiM akelA huuN| svajana ke prati Asakti, upakaraNa evaM zarIra ke prati Asakti, ahaMkAra evaM mada ke dvArA abhibhUta honA, jJAna gaurava se unmatta honA--ina sabakA ullekha dhutAdhyayana meM kiyA gayA hai| ina saba prakAra kI AsaktiyoM meM zarIra ke prati Asakti sarva pradhAna
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________________ 78 / ArhatI-dRSTi hai| isa Asakti ke vidhUnana ke binA kAma tRSNA kA vidhUnana sambhava nahIM hai| zarIrAsakti tyAga ke lie rasa parityAga evaM kAya-kleza atyanta Avazyaka hai| rasa-bhoktA zarIra Asakti se virata nahIM ho sakatA tathA kAma-tRSNA para bhI vijaya prApta nahIM kara sakatA, isIlie sAdhaka ke lie prakAma rasoM ke sevana kA niSedha kiyA gayA--'rasoM kA prakAma sevana nahIM karanA caahie| ve prAyaH manuSya kI dhAtuoM ko uddIpta karate haiM / jisakI dhAtueM uddIpta hotI haiM use kAma-bhoga satAte haiM, jaise svAdiSTa phala vAle vRkSa ko pkssii| ___ kAma-tRSNA para vijaya pAne ke icchuka ko rasa-parityAga karanA apekSita hai| dehAdhyAsa mokSa sAdhanA meM bAdhaka hai| dehAdhyAsa kAya-kleza ke dvArA pranaSTa ho sakatA hai| kAya-kleza sahanazakti kI kramika vRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha zIla, samAdhi evaM prajJA ko paripakva karatA hai / dhutAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai--'jaise-jaise zarIra kRza hotA hai evaM mAMsa-zoNita sUkhate haiM vaise-vaise prajJA kA udaya puSTa hotA hai| prajJA ke puSTa hone para vairAgya kI puSTi hotI hai, vairAgya kI puSTi ke sAtha-sAtha sAdhaka arati ko abhibhUta kara sakatA hai jaisA ki isI adhyayana ke sUtra saMkhyA 70 meM kahA gayA hai-'virayaM bhikkhu rIyaMtaM cirarAto siyaM, aratI tattha kiM vidhArae' ? 'cirakAla se pravrajita, saMyama meM (uttarottara) gatizIla virata bhikSu ko kyA arati abhibhUta kara pAegI?' dhutAdhyayana ke uparyukta do sUtroM kA ullekha hamane isalie kiyA hai ki ThIka yahI bAta bauddhoM ke 'suttanipAta' ke 'pradhAna sutta' meM kahI gaI hai| 'mAra' ko sambodhita karake buddha kaha rahe haiM, 'khUna ke sUkhane para pitta aura kapha sUkhate haiM, mAMsa ke kSINa hone para citta adhikAdhika prasanna hotA hai, arthAt zraddhA kA unmeSa hotA hai| zraddhA kA unmeSa hone para smRti, samAdhi evaM prajJA puSTa hotI hai| uttamottama vedanA kI adhivAsanA ke sAtha-sAtha kAma-tRSNA para pUrNa vijaya prApta hotI hai evaM AtmA parama zuddhi meM pratiSThita hotI hai| isa adhyayana meM sAdhaka ke lie vibhinna zabda prayukta hue haiN| yathA--zIlavAn, upazAnta, prajJAvAn / inhIM zabdoM ke sampoSaka anya zabdoM kA ullekha bhI prApta hai, jaise-NikkhittadaNDANaM, samAhiyANaM, paNNANamaMtANaM-ye zabda sAdhaka kI vibhinna uttarottara vikAsazIla avasthAoM kA sUcana kara rahe haiN| zIla, samAdhi evaM prajJA-ye tIna zabda bauddha paramparA meM bhI pracalita haiM tathA sAdhanA ke vibhinna staroM ke nidarzana ke lie hI inakA prayoga huA hai / zIla sampanna sAdhaka ke mana meM kAma-tRSNA vidyamAna rahatI hai kintu vaha anAcAra kA sevana nahIM krtaa| sapAdhi meM kAma tuma" "pazAnta
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________________ .. ghutAdhyayana : eka parizIlana / 79 ho jAtI hai / mana meM bhI usakA prAdurbhAva nahIM hotA kintu antaHkaraNa meM vaha bIja rUpa meM vidyamAna rahatI hai| prajJA kAma-tRSNA ke bIja ko hI naSTa kara detI hai| zIla kI bhUmikA chaThe guNasthAna taka hai| upazama zreNI samAdhi kI bhUmikA hai tathA kSapaka zreNI se prajJA kA udaya hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM zIla kSAyopazamika bhAva hai, samAdhi aupazamika evaM prajJA kSAyika bhAva ke samAna haiN| indriyA~ svabhAva se hI apane viSayoM ke prati AkarSita hotI haiN| indriyAsakti Atma-prajJA ke udaya meM bAdhA rUpa hai / indriyAsakta vyakti sAdhanA kI ucca bhUmikA meM baraNanyAsa nahIM kara sakatA / sAdhaka ke indriya-pratisaMlInatA Avazyaka hai| AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki-'muni indriya-viSayoM kI AkAMkSA na karane se AtmajJa hote haiN|" AtmajJa ke lie indriyAsakti kA parityAga Avazyaka hai| indriyAsakta apane gRhIta bratoM kI bhI samyaka paripAlanA nahIM kara sktaa| kaSAya bhI sAdhaka kI Atma-sAdhanA ke palimanthu haiM jo vazArta evaM kAtara hote haiM, ve vratoM kA vidhvaMsa karane vAle hote hai| cAra prakAra ke vazAtoM kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai-krodhavazAta, mAnavazAta, mAyAvazAta evaM lobhavazAta / anuprekSA ke prayoga se vazArtatA ko samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| dazavaikAlika sUtra meM kaSAya zamana ke upAyoM kA nirdeza karate hue kahA gayA hai-'upazama se krodha kA hanana kare, mRdutA se mAna ko jIte, RjubhAva se mAyA ko aura santoSa se lobha ko jIte / 3 / prajJA kA udaya karanA sAdhaka kA lakSya hai| vaha prajJA prApti kA upakrama karatA hai| AyAro ke sarvekSaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki vaha prajJA pradhAna hai arthAt sAre AyAro meM dharma dhyAna kI vyAkhyA hai / jainoM kA dhyAna cintana-pradhAna hai--yaha AyAro se spaSTa hai| tapasyA kA dhyeya hai-prajJA kA unmeSa / tapasyA ke mAdhyama se prajJA kA unmeSa hotA hai| tapasyA sAdhanA hai, sAdhya nahIM / sAdhya kI sampUrti ke pazcAt sAdhana kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| dhyeya ke sAkSAtkAra ke pazcAt sAdhaka ko tapaHsAdhanA kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| 'dhutavAda' kA tAtparya yaha hai ki vivekapUrvaka tapasyA ko mAtra sAdhanA mArga mAnakara usakA abhyAsa karanA parantu.tapasyA dhyeya nahIM hai| dhuta sAdhanA kI paddhati hai| dhuta kI utkRSTa sthiti mahAparijJA hai / antarmana ke moha kA viveka karanA mahAparijJA hai| mahAparijJA mahAdhuta hai, yaha bhI sAdhana hai, sAdhya nahIM / isakA paryavasAna mokSa meM hotA hai jo AThaveM adhyayana kA viSaya hai / zastra parijJA se lekara vimokSa paryanta sampUrNa sAdhanA-paddhati bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana meM phalita huI jisakA sAkSya 'uvahANa' . adhyayana hai jo AyAro kA antima adhyayana hai|
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________________ 80 / ArhatI-dRSTi sandarbha 1. AcArAMga bhASya Amukha, a.6 2. AcArAMga niyukti, gA. sa. 251-52 / 3. AcArAMga sUtra, 6/28 4. AcArAMga TIkA, pR. 5. 'aiacca savvato saMgaMNa mahaM atthi tti / iti egohmNsi|' AcArAMga, sUtra 6/38 6. rasApagAma na...... .uttarAdhyayana 32/10 7. AgayapaNNANANaM kisA bAhA bhavanti, payaNue ya mNssonnie| A. 6/67 8. suttanipAtaH padhAna-sutta 9-11 9. sIlamantA, uMvasantA, saMkhAe riiymaannaa| A.6/80 10.NikkhittadaNDANaM samAhiyANaM paNNANamaMtANaM / / A. 6/3 11. AcArAMga sUtra, 6/73 12. vasaTTA kAyarA jaNA lUsagA bhvnti| .. 13. uvasameNa / dazavaikAlika 8/38 6/95
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________________ samyagdarzana : svarUpa vimarza - satya prApti kI jijJAsA ke sAtha sAdhaka sAdhanA ke kSetra meM gatizIla banatA hai| prazna upasthita hotA hai ki sAdhanA kA Adi bindu kyA hai ? dharma kA mUla kyA hai ? isake samAdhAna meM cintakoM ne vibhinna dRSTikoNa se apane mantavyoM ko prastuta kiyA hai| dazavaikAlika sUtra meM vinaya ko dharma kA mUla kahA gayA hai 'viNao dhammassa muulo'| kahIM para dayA, dAna Adi ko AcAra/sAdhanA kA mUla mAnA gayA hai kintu samagra dRSTi se cintana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki jaina dharma/darzana kI AdhArazilA darzana arthAt samyak darzana hai| AcArya kundakunda ne darzana pAhur3a meM spaSTa kahA hai-'dasaNamUlo dhammo', dharma kA mUla darzana hai / jaina AcAra kA prANa-tattva samyak darzana hai / samyak darzana ke abhAva meM jJAna evaM cAritra kI mukti mArga meM koI upayogitA nahIM hai| samyaktva ke mahattva ko pratipAdita karate hue zrImad jayAcArya ne kahA hai- je samakita bina haiM, cAritra nI kiriyA re| bAra ananta karI, piNa kAja na sariyA re / / ____ samyaktva ke abhAva meM ananta bAra cAritra kI kriyA karane para bhI samIhita lakSya kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| tattvArthabhASyAnusAriNI TIkA meM darzana ke mahattva ko pratipAdita karate hue kahA gayA hai - praSTenApi ca cAritrAd darzanamiha dRr3hataraM grhiitvym| - sidhyanti caraNarahitA darzanarahitA na sidhyanti / jaina darzana dRSTi zuddhi para vizeSa bala detA hai / jaina darzana meM samyaktva ko viziSTa sthAna prApta hai / jisa prakAra tArAoM meM candra aura pazuoM meM siMha pradhAna hai usI prakAra muni evaM zrAvaka dharma meM samyaktva pradhAna hai| tattvArtha sUtra ke prathama sUtra meM hI mukti mArga kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai- 'samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH' arthAta samyak darzana, jJAna evaM cAritra kI ekAtmakatA hI mukti kA mArga hai / muktimArga meM prAthamikatA evaM varIyatA samyak darzana ko hI prApta hai| . samyak darzana kA artha hai dRSTi kI yathArthatA/aviparItatA / darzana jagat meM darzana
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________________ 82 / ArhatI-dRSTi zabda vibhinna arthoM meM prayukta hotA rahA hai / darzana zabda ke tIna artha sabhI dArzanika paramparAoM meM mAnya rahe haiM--(1) cAkSuSa jJAna artha meM darzana zabda kA prayoga yathA--ghaTa darzana, (2) Atma-sAkSAtkAra artha meM darzana zabda kA prayoga yathA-Atmadarzana evaM (3) sAMkhya darzana, nyAya darzana Adi viziSTa vicAradhArA ke artha meM darzana zabda kA prayoga sarvavidita hai| jaina paramparA meM ina tIna arthoM ke atirikta darzana ke do anya artha bhI pracalita haiM- eka artha zraddhAna rUpa darzana evaM dUsarA vastu ke sAmAnya bodha ke artha meM prayukta hai| prastuta prasaMga meM darzana kA zraddhAna rUpa artha abhipreta hai| 'tattvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam' jIva Adi tattvoM para zraddhA karanA samyak darzana hai| . samyagdarzana kA bahuprayukta jaina zabda samyakatva hai| samyaktva evaM samyak darzana * ekArthaka hai / samyak darzana ke abhAva meM kriyA karatA huA tathA svajana Adi kA parityAga karatA huA bhI mithyAdRSTi jIva siddha nahIM hotaa| AcArAMga niyukti meM kahA gayA hai kuNamANo'vi ya kiriyaM pariccayanto vi synndhnnbhoe| -. dinto'vi duhassa uraM na jiNai * andho parANIyaM // ahiMsA zAzvata dharma hai / yaha AcAra pakSa hai / isakI pRSThabhUmi meM samyaktva hai| jaba taka navatattva evaM SaDjIva-nikAya ke prati zraddhA aura samyag bodha nahIM hotA taba taka ahiMsA dharma ke anuzIlana kI pRSThabhUmi bhI taiyAra nahIM hotii| samyaktva AcAra evaM vicAra kA kendrIya tattva hai| . samyaktva prApti ke hetu samyaktva sampUrNa dhArmika ArAdhanA kA AdhArabhUta tattva hai| jaina paramparA meM usake prApti ke hetuoM para bhI vistRta vicAra huA hai / samyaktva pariNAma kI utpatti sahetuka hai athavA nirhetuka? isa jijJAsA ke samAdhAna kA svarUpa yaha ho sakatA hai ki samyaktva nirhetuka nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki jo vastu nirhetuka hai vaha sadA evaM sarvatra sabameM yugapat honI cAhie athavA usakA sArvakAlika abhAva honA cAhie kintu samyaktva na to sabameM samAna hai na hI usakA sarvatra abhAva hai ataH vaha sahetuka hai| yadyapi tattvArtha meM samyaktva ko nisargaja evaM adhigamaja ubhaya rUpa svIkAra kiyA hai-'tanisargAdadhigamAdvA' kintu nisarga samyaktva meM bhI pUrva kAraNatA to vidyamAna rahatI hI hai ataH samyaktva pariNAma sahetuka hai| samyaktva pariNAma ko sahetuka mAnane para yaha vikalpa upasthita hotA hai ki
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________________ samyagdarzana-svarUpa vimarza | 83 usakA niyata hetu kyA hai ? pravacana-zravaNa, bhagavat bhakti Adi jo samyaktva prApti meM bAhya hetu mAne jAte haiM unako to samyaktva kA niyata kAraNa svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kyoMki ina hetuoM ke sadbhAva meM bhI samyaktva prApti saMdigdha hai| ataH isa jijJAsA kA yahI samAdhAna ho sakatA hai ki samyaktva pariNAma prakaTa hone meM niyata kAraNa jIva kA tathAvidha bhavyatva nAmaka anAdi pAriNAmika svabhAva-vizeSa hI hai| jaba isa pAriNAmika bhavyatva kA paripAka hotA hai tabhI samyaktva kA lAbha hotA hai| samyaktva ke prakAra samyaktva guNa prakaTa hone meM Abhyantara kAraNoM kI jo vividhatA hai vahI kSAyopazamika, kSAyika Adi samyaktva ke bhedoM kA AdhAra hai| samyaktva ke pA~ca prakAra kA ullekha karate hue jaina-siddhAnta-dIpikA meM kahA hai _ 'aupazamika-kSAyika-kSAyopazamika-sAsvAdanavedakAni' |anntaanubndhi catuSka evaM darzana mohanIya trika, ina sata prakRtiyoM kA kSayopazama, kSaya evaM upazama kramazaH kSAyopazamika, kSAyika evaM aupazamika samyaktva kA kAraNa banatA hai| aupazamika samyaktva se girate samaya mithyAtva prApta karane se pUrva kI sthiti sAsvAdana samyaktva hai| kSAyopazamika se kSAyika samyaktva kI ora jAte samaya usakI antima prakRti kA vedana vedaka samyaktva kahalAtA hai / samyaktva prApti ke krama kI karmagranthoM meM vizada carcA hai / yathApravRttikaraNa, apUrvakaraNa evaM anivRttikaraNa kI prakriyA se samyaktva kI prApti hotI hai| .. jaina AgamoM meM samyaktva ke vicAra kA kramika vikAsa upalabdha hai / paM. dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA kA abhimata hai ki kevala zraddhA artha meM samyaktva zabda kA artha maulika nahIM hai| jIvana meM jo kucha samyak ho sakatA hai, usI kA sambandha samyaktva se hai| kintu jaba mokSa ke upAyoM kI viziSTa carcA kA prArambha huA taba zraddhA aura samyaktva kA ekIkaraNa huA aura vaha vistRta artha chor3akara saMkucita artha meM prayukta hone lgaa| zabda ke artha kA samaya ke pravAha meM saMkoca vistAra hotA rahatA hai / samyaka darzana, zraddhA, vizvAsa, pratIti, ruci Adi samyaktva ke hI paryAyavAcI nAma haiN| jaina AgamoM ke avalokana se samyaktva ke artha evaM bhAva kI vikAsa yAtrA kA sAMgopAMga avabodha ho jAtA hai| AcArAMga sarvAdhika prAcIna jainAgama hai / usake caturtha adhyayana kA nAma samyaktva hai| niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu svAmI ne usake adhikAra ko batAte hue kahA--'paDhame sammAvAo' prathama uddezaka meM samyagvAda kA adhikAra hai| samyag aviparito vAdaH samyagvAdo yathAvasthitavastvAvirbhAvanaM' aviparIta arthAt yathArtha vastu tattva kA
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________________ 84 / ArhatI-dRSTi pratipAdana samyagvAda hai| yahAM samyak zabda kA zraddhA rUpa artha parilakSita nahIM ho rahA hai / AcArAMga ke samyaktva adhyayana meM samyaktva evaM muni jIvana kA ekIkaraNa huA jaM sammati pAsahA taM moNaM ti paashaa| jaM moNaM ti pAsahA taM sammaM ti paashaa|| jo samyaktva hai use munidharma ke rUpa meM tathA jo munidharma hai usako samyaktva ke rUpa meM dekho| AcArAMga pradhAna rUpa se naizcayika samyaktva kA pratipAdaka grantha hai je aNaNNadaMsI se annnnnnaaraame| je aNaNNArAme se annnnnndNsii| Atma-sAkSAtkAra ke rUpa meM naizcayika samyaktva kA nirUpaNa prastuta grantha meM prApta . hai / samyaktva ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karate hue sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai soccA ya dhammaM arihanta bhAsiyaM samAhitaM aTThapadovasuddhaM / taM saddahamANA ya jaNA aNAU indA va devAhiva aagmissNti|| . arhat bhAsita, zuddha artha evaM padayukta isa dharma ko sunakara jo isameM zraddhA karate haiM ve mokSa ko prApta karate haiM athavA indra kI taraha devatAoM ke adhipati hote haiN| yahAM para darzana kA zraddhAna rUpa artha lakSita hotA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zruta-skandha meM zramaNopAsaka meM bhI samyaktva ke lakSaNoM dvArA bhI zraddhAna artha lakSita hai / unako jIva-ajIva ke jJAtA, kuzala, nimrantha pravacana meM niHzaMka niSkAMkSa Adi vizeSaNoM se yukta batAyA hai-samaNovAsagA bhavaMti abhigaya jIvA-jIvA NisaMkiyA nnikkNkhiyaa| ___ sUtrakRtAMga meM nizaMkA, niSkAMkSa aura nirvicikitsA jo samyaktva ke aMga hai unakA eka sAtha prayoga huA hai| jIva-ajIva Adi tattva zraddhA ke viSaya haiM tathA zramaNa kI taraha zramaNopAsaka bhI samyagdRSTi hotA hai isakA spaSTa ullekha prApta hai| uttarAdhyayana meM samyaktva kI avadhAraNA kA vikasita evaM spaSTa varNana prApta hai| samyaktva ko paribhASita karate hue 28veM adhyayana meM kahA hai tahiyANaM tu bhAvANaM sambhAve uvesnnN| . bhAveNaM sahatassa sammattaM taM vihAhiyaM / / .
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________________ ___ samyagdarzana-svarUpa vimarza / 85 jIva-ajIva Adi yathArtha padArthoM meM zraddhA honA samyaktva hai| uttarAdhyayana ke aneka sthaloM para samyaktva vicAraNA upalabdha hai| jisake upadarzana ke lie eka svatantra prabandha apekSita hai| prajJApanA meM bhI samyaktva kI vizad carcA hai / bhagavatI, sthAnAMga, anuyogadvAra Adi AgamoM meM tathA Agamettara anya jaina granthoM meM samyaktva kI vistAra se carcA huI hai| jaina darzana kA samyaktva prANatattva hai| jaina darzana meM tAttvika zraddhA kI taraha vyAvahArika zraddhA ke sAtha bhI samyaktva kA sambandha jor3A gayA hai| arahaMto mahadevo jAvajjIvaM susAhuNo gurunno| jiNapaNNattaM tattaM iyaM sammattaM mae gahiyaM // deva, guru evaM jinaprajJapta dharma meM zraddhA bhI sAdhanA ke vikAsa ke lie mahattvapUrNa __ Aja ke AsthAhIna, kuNThAgrasta, bhayatrasta yuga meM jIvana vikAsa ke kSetra meM AsthA kI mahanIya AvazyakatA hai / mohAviSTa cetanA yoga se UrdhvArohaNa kara yoga meM sthira ho yaha kAmya hai| AtmA apane zuddha svarUpa ko prApta kara sake isake lie samyak zraddhA evaM Atmadarzana kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai|
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________________ dravya evaM astikAya kI avadhAraNA darzana jagat sArvabhauma satyoM ko udghATita karane kA prayatna karatA hai / jIva, jagat sambandhI avadhAraNA kI vibhinnatA darzanoM ke pArthakya kI AdhAra-bhUmi hai| vicAradhArA meM vibheda hone para bhI dArzanika kSetra meM aise viSaya haiM, jina para sabhI dArzanikoM ne cintana kiyA hai| una mukhya muddoM meM eka hai--drvy-miimaaNsaa| ____ bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya prAyaH sabhI dArzanikoM ne jagat vyAkhyA ke sandarbha meM dravya para vicAra kiyA hai| yunAnI dArzanika arastu ke anusAra dravya tathA svarUpa hI do maulika padArtha haiM, jinase sampUrNa jagat kA nirmANa huA hai| meja kA dravya hai kASTha tathA svarUpa hai AkRti / dravya aura svarUpa donoM apRthak haiM / dravya kevala zakti hai tathA svarUpa hI vastu (actuality ) hai / arastu ke anusAra dravya sabhI vastuoM kA mUla kAraNa hai ataH sabakA adhiSThAna yA Azraya hai| ... spinojA ke anusAra Izvara hI parama dravya hai / dravya svatantra, nirapekSa evaM advitIya hai| vaha aparichinna tathA aparimita hai / dravya svataH siddha hai arthAt dravya svayaM apanA pramANa hai, sva-saMvedya hai| ___ laoNka ke anusAra guNoM ke Azraya yA AdhAra kA nAma dravya hai / dravya kI sattA guNoM ke samAna pratyakSa nahIM hai / usakI sattA anumeya hai / laoNka ke anusAra dravya ajJeya ___buddhivAdI dekArta ke anusAra dravya vaha hai jisakI sattA svatantra hai tathA jisakA jJAna bhI svatantra hai / dekArta sApekSa evaM nirapekSa bheda se do dravya mAnatA hai / Izvara nirapekSa dravya hai tathA citta aura acitta sApekSa dravya hai / citta, acitta paraspara to svatantra evaM nirapekSa haiM kintu donoM Izvara para Azrita haiM / dekArta dvaitavAdI tathA spinojA advaitavAdI ___lAibanitsa ke anusAra dravya vaha nahIM jisakI sattA svatantra ho kintu dravya use kahate haiM jo svatantra kriyAzakti se sampanna ho / lAibanitsa kA dravya zakti sampanna, sakriya evaM pariNAmI hai / lAibanitya ke anusAra cidaNu vizva kI antima avibhAjya .'' IkAI hai| - pAtaJjala mahAbhASya meM guNasamudAya yA guNa sandrAva ko dravya kahA gayA hai / usI
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________________ dravya evaM astikAya kI avadhAraNA / 87 grantha meM anyatra kahA gayA hai bhinna-bhinna guNoM ke utpanna hone para bhI jisakI maulikatA kA nAza nahIM hotA, vaha dravya hai| sAMkhya darzana meM dharmI ko trikAlayukta mAnA hai| vedAnta darzana brahma ke rUpa meM kUTastha advaita sattA ko hI dravya rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai| bauddha darzana kSaNikavAdI hone se usake darzana meM sthAyI evaM AdhAravAna kisI bhI dravya kI kalpanA hI nahIM hai / paryAya hI usa darzana meM satya hai| ___ vaizeSika darzana sAta padArthoM ko svIkAra karatA hai / ina padArthoM meM sarvaprathama sthAna dravya ko prApta hai| dravya kI prAthamikatA kA kAraNa yaha hai ki yaha anya padArthoM kA AdhArabhUta padArtha hai| dravya ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai--'kriyAguNavat samavAyikAraNamiti dravyalakSaNam' arthAta guNa tathA kriyA jisameM samavAya sambandha se rahate hoM tathA jo samavAyi kAraNa ho, vahI dravya kahalAtA hai / vaizeSika ke anusAra guNa aura kriyA dravya ke kArya hai / ataH utpatti ke prathama samaya dravya nirguNa evaM niSkriya hotA hai / dravya bAda meM guNavAn evaM kriyAvAn banatA hai / samavAyi kAraNa kA artha hai, jisameM samavAya sambandha se kArya utpanna hote haiM / vaizeSika nau dravya mAnatA hai / jinameM cAra pRthvI, jala, teja tathA vAyu anitya dravya haiM evaM AkAza, dik, AtmA, mana evaM kAla pAMca nitya dravya haiN| ... jaina darzana meM sat, dravya, tattva, tattvArtha evaM padArtha Adi zabdoM kA prayoga prAyaH eka hI artha meM hotA rahA hai / jo sat rUpa padArtha hai, vahI dravya hai / 'sad dravyalakSaNam' uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM 'guNANamAsao davvaM' guNoM ke Azraya ko dravya kahA gayA hai| yadyapi uttarAdhyayana ke usI adhyayana meM jJAna ke viSayabhUta dravya, guNa evaM paryAya kA ullekha tathA anuyoga dvAra meM dravya, guNa evaM paryAya kA nirUpaNa hai| kintu dravya ke lakSaNa meM donoM hI sUtroM ne guNa ko hI sthAna diyA hai| ___vAcakamukhya umAsvAti kI dravya paribhASA meM vikAsa prApta hotA hai / unhoMne guNa ke sAtha paryAya ko bhI dravya meM svIkAra kiyA hai / 'guNaparyAyavad dravyam' jo guNa aura paryAya se yukta ho, vaha dravya hai| guNoM ko paribhASita karate hue vAcaka ne kahA hai-'dravyAzrayAH nirguNA gunnaaH|' dravya jinakA Azraya hai tathA jo svayaM anya guNoM ko Azraya nahIM dete, ve guNa haiN| - dravya evaM guNa kI ina paribhASAoM meM punarukti parilakSita hotI hai / dravya kise kahate haiM ? jo guNoM kA Azraya hai / guNa kise kahate haiM jo dravya ke Azrita haiM / tattvArtha - sUtra meM hI anyatra dravya ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai--'utpAdavyayadhauvyayuktaM
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________________ 88 / ArhatI-dRSTi sat / ' 'sad dravyalakSaNam' isa paribhASA se punarukti doSa kA nirgamana ho jAtA hai| umAsvAti ke dravyalakSaNa se yaha phalita ho jAtA hai ki guNa aura paryAya se rahita dravya kI koI sattA nahIM hai / mAtra prajJA se usakI pRthak kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai| dravya se rahita paryAya evaM paryAya rahita dravya kA sadbhAva nahIM hai / 'pajjayavijudaM davvaM, davvavijuttA ya pajjavA Natthi / ' dravya se sandarbhita vAcaka ke tInoM sUtroM kA(1) 'utpAdavyayaghovyAtmakaM sat', (2) "sad dravya lakSaNam', (3) 'guNaparyAyavad dravyam' samAhAra kundakunda ne paJcAstikAya kI dravya lakSaNa kI kArikA meM kiyA hai dravvaM sallakkhaNiyaM uppAdavvayadhuvattasaMjuttaM / guNapajjayAsayaM vA jaM taM bhaNNaMti svvnnhuu|| jo dravya hai, vahI sat hai tathA jo sat hai, vahI dravya hai / sattA aura dravya paraspara ananya hai / isI Azaya kA nirUpaNa paJcAstikAya kI isa gAthA meM huA hai 'daviyadi gacchadi tAI tAI sabbhAvapajjayAI jN| daviyaM taM bhaNNaMte aNaNNabhUdaM tu sttaado|' saptabhaMga ke AdhAra para bhI A0 kundakunda ne dravya ko paribhASita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai siya atyi, Natthi uhayaM avvattavvaM puNo ca tattidayaM / davvaM khu sattabhaMgaM AdesavaseNa sambhavadi / / jaina darzana meM dravya kI vibhinna paribhASAoM meM usake Azraya rUpa kI carcA bahulatA se hai / dravyAnuyoga tarkaNA meM dravya ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai guNaparyAyayoH sthAnabhamekarUpaM sadApi yat / svajAtyA dravyamAkhyAtaM madhye bhedo na tasya v|| jaina siddhAnta dIpikA meM bhI dravya kI paribhASA meM kahA gayA hai--'guNaparyAyAzrayo dravyam' guNa evaM paryAya kA Azraya dravya hai| dravya zabda kI vyutpattiparaka paribhASA se bhI dravya ke sthAyitva kA bodha hotA hai--'adruvat, dravati, droSyati tAMstAn paryAyAn iti dravyam' jo bhinna-bhinna paryAyoM ko prApta huA hai, ho rahA hai tathA hogA, vaha dravya hai| isakA phalita artha yaha hai ki * vibhinna avasthAoM kA utpAda evaM vinAza hone para bhI jo dhruva hai, jisakA nAza nahIM
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________________ dravya evaM astikAya kI avadhAraNA / 89 hotA, vaha dravya hai / TraeNvya meM pariNamana hotA hai phira bhI usakI svarUpa hAni nahIM hotii| yahI sat. padArtha kI dhruvatA hai| jaina ke anusAra dravya nitya evaM avasthita hai'nityAvasthitAnyarUpANi' jaina kUTastha nityatA ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| usakA dravya pariNAmI nitya hai / 'tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam' dravya ke sAmAnya tathA vizeSa svarUpa kA cyUta na honA hI usakA nityatva hai aura apane svarUpa meM sthira rahate hue bhI anya tattva ke svarUpa ko prApta na karanA dravya kA avasthitva hai| jaina ko vedAnta ke brahma evaM sAMkhya ke puruSaM jaisA kUTastha dravya mAnya nahIM hai / na hI bauddha kI taraha dravya rahita paryAyAtmakatA meM usakA vizvAsa hai / usakA apanA svatantra abhimata hai / dravya, paryAya donoM kI sApekSa svIkRti jaina darzana meM hai / 'dravyaparyAyAtmakaM vastu' jaina ko mAnya hai| dravyaM paryAyarahitaM paryAyAdravyavarjitAH kva kadA kena kiMrUpA dRSTA mAnena kena vaa| jaina dharmAstikAya adharmAstikAya, AvAzAstikAya kAla, pudgalAstikAya evaM jIvAstikAya ina chaH dravyoM ko mAnatA hai / jaina kA dravya vaizeSika kI taraha utpatti ke prathama kSaNa meM nirguNa evaM niSkriya nahIM hai / guNa dravya kA sahabhU dharma hai / dravya ke sAtha hI guNa utpanna ho jAte haiM yadyapi jaina evaM vaizeSika donoM kA hI dravya anAdi nidhana eka prazna upasthita hotA hai ki ina chaH dravyoM ke atirikta bhI koI dravya hai yA nhiiN| yadi hai to vaha kiMrUpa hai / paramANu bhI dravya hai / ghaTa bhI dravya hai tathA loka bhI dravya hai| inake dravyatva meM koI antara hai yA nhiiN| jaba hama anya darzanoM kI ora dRSTipAta karate haiM to hameM dravyatva meM bheda upalabdha hotA hai| jaisA ki hama pahale hI spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki dravya aura sat eka hai / eka hI vastu ke abhidhAna hai / vedAnta darzana meM pAramArthika, vyAvahArika evaM prAtibhAsika ke bheda se sat tridhA vibhakta hai| brahma pAramArthika, jagat vyAvahArika evaM svapna prAtibhAsika sat hai| yogAcAra bauddha kA sat bhI tridhAvibhakta hai / parikalpita, paratantra aura pariniSpanna / parikalpita evaM paratantra vyAvahArika sat hai tathA pariniSpanna pAramArthika sat hai / bauddha dharma meM saMvRti sat tathA paramArtha sat kI bhI avadhAraNA hai yatra bhinne na tadbuddhiranyApohe dhiyA ca tat / ghaTAmbuvat saMvRti sat paramArthasadanyathA / /
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________________ 90 / ArhatI-dRSTi - sAMkhyadarzana ke anusAra sRSTi se lekara jo pralaya taka rahatA hai, vaha pAramArthika evaM tAtvika sat hai / tathA ghaTa, paTa Adi vyAvahArika sat haiM / jaina ke anusAra bhI sat ko dvidhA mAnA jAtA hai-- vyavahAra aura nizcaya / ghaTa-paTa Adi vyAvahArika dravya haiM tathA paramANu Adi pAramArthika haiM / arthaparyAya maulika hai, vyaMjana paryAya vyAvahArika .. jaina darzana ke anusAra dravya 6 bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| saMkSepa meM use do prakAra kA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| do se kama nahIM ho sktaa| jaise vedAnta brahma ko hI eka tattva ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai| vizva-vyavasthA kI samAyojanA ke sandarbha meM 6 dravyoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| jaina dRSTi ke anusAra yaha jagat na kevala parivartana rUpa hai, na sthira rUpa / parivartanazIlatA ke sAtha yaha anAdinidhana bhI hai / jaina cintana ke anusAra isa jagat meM pAMca astikAya athavA kAla sahita dharmAdi chaH dravya mUla haiN| 'paJcAstikAyamayo lokaH' athavA 'SaDdravyAtmako lokaH / ' yaha vizva ke sambandha meM jaina kI mAnyatA hai / jaina darzana meM vizva ke lie loka zabda vyavahata huA hai| , ____ paJcAstikAya kI avadhAraNA prAcIna hai |aagmoN meM sthAna-sthAna para vizva-vyavasthA ke sandarbha meM astikAya zabda kA prayoga huA hai| astikAya jaina darzana kA eka mahattvapUrNa evaM pAribhASika zabda hai| asti evaM kAya ina do zabdoM ke saMyoga se astikAya zabda pariniSpanna huA hai| pradeza-pracaya ko astikAya kahate haiN| jo astikAya hai, vahI sat hai / 'astikAyaH pradezapracayaH' tattvArthasUtra ke prasiddha TIkAkAra AcArya siddhasenagaNi ne apanI tattvArthabhASyAnusAriNI TIkA meM astikAya zabda kI navIna vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai| unake anusAra kAya zabda utpAda evaM vyaya kI ora saMketa karatA hai tathA asti pada se dhruvatA kA saMketa ho rahA hai / astikAya zabda vastu kI trayAtmakatA ko prakaTa karatA hai / astikAya zabda se jJAta hotA hai ki dharma Adi pA~coM dravya nitya tathA astitvavAn haiM tathA ve parivartana ke viSaya bhI banate haiN| jaina kA astikAya vedAnta ke brahma evaM sAMkhya ke puruSa kI taraha kUTatha nitya nahIM hai / tathA bauddha ke paryAya kI taraha sarvathA kSaNika bhI nahIM hai| advaita meM tattva kA vistAra nahIM hai / mAtra eka brahma kI hI vahAM parikalpanA hai| bauddhoM meM dravya kA vargIkaraNa nahIM hai| sAMkhya 25 tattva, naiyAyika 16 tattva tathA vaizeSika 6 padArthoM ko mAnatA hai| jaina darzana kA jagat vizleSaNa pAMca astikAya athavA SaDdravyoM ke rUpa meM upalabdha hai / jaina Agama sAhitya meM tattva ke cAra vargIkaraNa ,
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________________ dravya evaM astikAya kI avadhAraNA / 91 milate haiM--(1) jIvaMdravya aura ajIvadravya, (2) paJcAstikAya, (3) SaDdravya, (4) nau tattva / jaina darzana dvaitavAdI darzana hai| isalie usane mUla tattva do mAne haiM--jIva aura ajIva / paJcAstikAya, SaDdravya yA navatattva una do kA hI vistAra hai| jIva-ajIva ko sAMkhya Adi dvaitavAdI darzana bhI puruSa evaM prakRti ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| kintu astikAya kA siddhAnta jaina darzana kA maulika hai| jIvAstikAya kI tulanA sAMkhya-sammata puruSa se tathA pudgala kI tulanA prakRti se kI jA sakatI hai / AkAza ko prAyaH sabhI dArzanikoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| kintu dharmAstikAya evaM adharmAstikAya kI svIkRti jaina darzana kI maulika avadhAraNA hai / dravya zabda kA prayoga vaizeSika darzana meM bhI huA hai / astikAya astitva kA vAcaka zabda hai / vedAnta meM jaise brahma kA nirapekSa astitva hai, vaise hI jaina darzana meM pAMca astikAya kA nirapekSa astitva hai| pudgala ke jaise paramANu hote haiM vaise hI cAra astikAya ke bhI paramANu hote haiN| pudgala ke paramANu usase alaga ho sakate haiM kintu cAra astikAya ke paramANu skandha rUpa meM hI rahate haiM ataH unako pradeza kahA jAtA hai / astikAya ko pradezAtmaka batAkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne usake svarUpa ko eka nayA AyAma pradAna kiyA hai| jaina darzana meM astitva kA artha hai-paramANu yA paramANu skandha / jIvAstikAya ke paramANu caitanyamaya haiM tathA zeSa ke caitanya rahita haiN| dharma Adi cAroM astikAya ke paramANu skandha rUpa meM rahate haiM jabaki pudgala kI skandha evaM paramANu rUpa donoM avasthAe~ haiN| asti zabda ke do artha hai-(1) kAlika astitva, (2) pradeza / kAya kA artha haiM rAzi samUha / pradeza- samUha ko astikAya kahate haiN| usakA kAlika astitva hai| unake dvArA hI tInoM loka niSpanna hue haiM jesiM asthisahAo guNehiM saha pajjaehiM vivihehiM / .. .te hoti asthikAyA NippaNNaM jehiM tailukkaM / / astikAya nitya hai tathA traikAlika bhAva pariNata hai| ve astikAya hI, kAla jo parivartana liGgavAlA hai, usase yukta hokara dravya kahalAte haiM- te ceva asthikAyA tekAliyabhAvapariNadA nniccaa| gacchanti daviyabhAvaM paricayaTTaNaliGga saMjuttA / / ... astikAya sat svarUpa haiM loka ke kAraNabhUta haiM / unakA astitva niyata haiN| AkAza ke eka kSetra meM sAre astitva avagAhita hone para bhI unakA svarUpa bhinna-bhinna
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________________ 92 / ArhatI-dRSTi rahatA hai / paraspara eka-dUsare meM anupraviSTa hokara bhI unameM svarUpa sAMkarya nahIM hotaa| ___ astikAya pAMca haiM / jaba kAla inake sAtha jur3a jAtA hai taba ye SaDdravya kahalAne lagate haiN| AgamakAlIna samaya meM paMcAstikAya kI paramparA thii| vahAM paJcAstikAya ko hI loka kahakara pukArA gayA hai jaisA ki bhagavatI meM kahA gayA hai 'paMcatthikAya esa NaM evattie loetti pvucci|' uttarakAla meM SaDdravya kI carcA ne ubhAra le liyA ataH pazcAdvI dArzanika paramparA meM paMcAstikAya evaM SaDdravya kA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hai| ___ dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya kA saMkSipta nAma dharma evaM adharma hai| bhAratIya darzana meM dharma, adharma kA prayoga AcAra-mImAMsA ke sandarbha meM, zabhAzabha pravRtti ke artha meM huA hai, para tattva-mImAMsA kI dRSTi se dharma aura adharma kA maulika tattvoM ke rUpa meM nirUpaNa jaina darzana meM hI prApta hotA hai / SaDdravyoM meM cAra kA ullekha to itara darzanoM meM bhI milatA hai para dharma-adharma kI svIkRti jaina darzana kI maulika hai| dharma, adharma kramazaH jIva aura pudgala kI gati aura sthiti meM udAsIna sahAyaka dravya hai| paJcAstikAya meM dharmAstikAya ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai "dhammasthikAyamarasaM avaNNagandhaM asddmphaasN| logogADhaM puDhaM pihulamasaMkhAdiyapadesaM // agurulaghugehiM sayA tehiM aNaMtehiM pariNadaM NiccaM / gadikiriyAjutANaM kAraNabhUdaM sayamakajjaM // udayaM jaha macchANaM gamaNANuggahayaraM havadi loe taha jIva puggalANaM dhammaM viyANehi / dharmAstikAya amUrta dravya hai ataH usameM sparza Adi paudgalika guNa nahIM hai| vaha sampUrNa loka meM vyApta asaMkhya pradezI dravya hai| gati kriyA meM saMlagna jIva aura pudgaloM kI gati meM udAsIna kAraNa hai / jaise jala machalI ke gamana meM upakAra karatA hai| gatikriyA ke upAdAna kAraNa jIva aura pudgala svayaM hai| dharma mAtra nimitta kAraNa hai| vaha kisI ko bhI gati ke lie prerita nahIM karatA kintu jo bhI gati karatA hai, usako dharma dravya kI anivArya AvazyakatA hotI hai| zabda bheda se vibhinna granthoM meM dharma dravya kI prAyaH eka jaisI paribhASA prApta hotI hai / dravyAnuyoga tarkaNA meM kahA gayA
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________________ dravya evaM astikAya kI avadhAraNA / 93 ' pariNAmI gatedharmo bhavetpudgalajIvayoH apekSAkAraNAlloke mInasyeva jalaM sadA / / dIpikA meM likhA hai--'gatisahAyo dharmaH' tattvArtha sUtrakAra ne eka hI sUtra meM dharmaadharma ke upakAra kI carcA kI hai--'gatisthityupagraho dharmAdharmayorupakAraH / mUla Agama granthoM meM hI paMcAstikAya kA vizada vivecana prApta hai / gautama bhagavAn se pUchate haiMbhagavan ! paMcAstikAya kA svarUpa kyA hai ? 'paMca atthikAyA paNNattA taM jahAdhammatthikAe adhmtthikaae"| dhammatthikAe NaM bhate ! kati vaNNe' katigaMdhe ! kati rse| kati phAse / goymaa| avaNNe agaMdhe, arase, aphAse, aruvI, ajIve, sAsae, avaTThie logdvve|' isI dharmAstikAya ko vyAkhyAyita karate hue bhagavatI meM kahA gayA hai 'davvao NaM dhammatthikAe ege dave khettao logappamANamette kAlao na kayAi na Asi, na kayAi natthi, na kayAi na bhavissai, bhavisuM ca bhavati ca bhavissaI ca dhuve Niyae, sAsae, akkhae, avvae, avaTThie Nicce / bhAvao-avaNNe agaMdhe, arase, aphAse / guNao-gamaNa guNe / adhmmtthikaae-tthaanngunne|' adharmAstikAya kA svarUpa bhI dharmAstikAya jaisA hI hai| mAtra usake vizeSa guNa meM antara hai / dharma gati sahAyaka adharma jIva evaM pudgala kI sthiti meM udAsIna yA sApekSa kAraNa hai / AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai jaha havadi dhammadavvaM taha taM jANeha dvymdhmkkhN| - ThidikiriyAjuttANaM kAraNabhUdaM tu puddhviiv|| dravyAnuyoga tarkaNA meM bhI kahA hai sthitiheturadharma: syAtpariNAmI tayoH sthiteH| sarva sAdhAraNo dharmo gatyAdidravyayordvayoH / / dharma, adharma dravya se eka dravya kSetra se loka pariNAma kAla se anAdi ananta bhAva se amUrta guNa se kramazaH jIva va pudgala kI gati evaM sthiti meM sahAyatA karanA / gautama .. ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA bhante ! gati sahAyaka dravya dharmAstikAya se jIvoM ko
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________________ 94 / ArhatI-dRSTi kyA lAbha hotA hai| bhagavAn ne kahA--gautama / gati kA sahArA nahIM hotA to kauna AtA, kauna jAtA, zabda kI taraMge kaise phailatIM? AMkheM kaise khulatI ? kauna manana karatA? kauna bolatA? kauna hilatA-DulatA / yaha vizva usake binA acala hI hotaa| jo cala hai| ina sabakA Alambana gati sahAyaka tattva dharma hI hai| isI prakAra adharma ke sandarbha meM gautama ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA-bhante ! sthiti sahAyaka tattva se jIvoM ko kyA lAbha hotA hai| taba bhagavAn ne kahA--gautama ! sthiti kA sahArA nahIM hotA to kauna khar3A rahatA? kauna baiThatA? sonA kaise hotA? kauna mana ko ekAgra karatA? mauna kauna karatA? kauna niSpanda banatA? nimeSa kaise hotA? yaha vizva cala hI hotA / jo sthira hai, una sabakA Alambana sthiti sahAyaka dravya adharma hI hai| ataH dharma-adharma donoM hI dravya jIva evaM pudgala ke gati-sthiti ke upakAraka dravya haiN| loka ke AkAra kA nirdhAraNa ina donoM dravyoM ke AdhAra para hotA hai| loka kA AkAra trizarAvasampuTAkAra mAnA jAtA hai para vAstava meM yaha AkAra dharma evaM adharma kA hI hai| inake AkAra ke AdhAra para hI loka ke AkAra kI vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai| loka evaM aloka kI vibhAjaka rekhA ina tatvoM ke dvArA hI nirdhArita hotI hai| inake binA loka aloka kI vyavasthA nahIM bntii| jaisA ki prajJApanA kI TIkA meM kahA hai- 'lokaalokvyvsthaanythaanupptteH|' ' dharma aura adharma kI yauktika apekSA hai |gti-sthiti nimittaka dravya, tathA loka-aloka kI vibhAjaka zakti ke rUpa meM una donoM kI anivArya apekSA hai| gati sthiti sampUrNa loka meM hotI hai| isalie hameM aisI zaktiyoM kI apekSA hai, jo svayaM gatizUnya aura sampUrNa loka meM vyApta hoM aura aloka meM na hoM / isa yauktika AdhAra para hameM dharma-adharma kI AvazyakatA kA sahaja bodha hotA hai| . dharmAstikAya ke astitva ko asvIkAra karane se aneka samasyAeM hamAre samakSa upasthita ho jaaeNgii| dravyAnuyoga tarkaNA meM kahA gayA hai sahajordhvagamuktasya dharmasya niyama vinaa| kadApi gagane'nante bhramaNaM na nivartate / / mukta jIva kA sahaja svabhAva Urdhvagamana karanA hai / yadi dharma dravya kA niyama svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAtA hai to una jIvoM kA ananta AkAza meM bhramaNa kabhI bhI samApta nahIM ho sktaa| aisI hI samasyA adharma ko asvIkArane se AtI hai
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________________ dravya evaM astikAya kI avadhAraNA / 95 sthitiheturyadA dharmonocyate kvApi ced dvayoH / tadA nityA sthiti: sthAne kutrApi na gatirbhavet / / AcArya kundakunda ne bhI paJcAstikAya meM kahA hai-yadi AkAza avagAha kI taraha gamana evaM sthiti meM bhI kAraNa ho jAe to kaI samasyAeM hamAre sammukha upasthita hotI haiM / (1) prathama Urdhvagati svabhAvavAle siddha jIva kahAM ThahareMge? ve to nirantara gati hI karate raheMge / (2) yadi AkAza ko gamana hetu mAna liyA jAe to aloka kA astitva samApta ho jAegA aura loka sImA kI vRddhi ho jaaegii| kyoMki dharma adharma hI to loka-aloka ke vibhAjaka tattva hai AgAsaM avagAsaM gamaNadvidikAraNehiM dedi jdi| uDuMgadiSpadhANA siddhA ciTuMti kidha tattha // jadi havadi gamaNahedU AgAsaM ThANakAraNaM tesiN| . pasajadi alogahANI logassa aMtaparivuDDI // .. aloka meM jIva-pudgala nahIM hote| isakA kAraNa dharma aura adharma dravya kA aloka meM abhAva hai| isalie dharma-adharma loka-aloka ke vibhAjaka banate haiN| siddhasenagaNi ne AkAza ke sambandha meM eka zaMkA stuta kI hai ki AkAza kA guNa avagAha denA hai jabaki alokAkAzaM avagAha nahIM detA aisI sthiti meM kyA AkAza kA lakSaNa avyApta lakSaNAMbhAsa se dUSita nahIM ho jaaegaa| TIkAkAra svayaM isakA samAdhAna dete hue kahate haiM ki AkAza meM avagAha kA guNa vidyamAna hai, para aloka meM dharma-adharma kA abhAva hone se jIva-pudgala vahAM nahIM jA skte| dharma-adharma ke astitva ke sandarbha meM eka zaMkA yaha bhI kI jAtI hai ki ve donoM dikhAI nahIM dete phira usakA astitva kaise svIkAra kiyA jaae| samAdhAna prastuta karate hue kahA gayA ve donoM amUrta dravya haiM / 'noindiyajejjha amutta bhAvA' / amUrta padArtha indriya grAhya nahIM hote, ve to upagraha ke dvArA anumeya hote hai| 'upgrhaanumeytvaat|' bhagavatI vRtti patra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki chAsthoM ko amUrta padArthoM kA jJAna unake kAryoM dvArA hotA hai 'kAryAdiliGgadvAreNaivArvAgdRzAmatIndriyapadArthAvagamo bhvti|' isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki dharma adharma kA svarUpa kI dRSTi se hI vaiziSTya nahIM. balki ye donoM loka ke mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka dravya haiM / inake abhAva meM loka-vyavasthA hI
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________________ 96 / ArhatI-dRSTi nahIM ho sktii| ___dharma-adharma ke astitva ke sUcaka siddhAnta vijJAna meM prApta ho rahe haiM / vaijJAnikoM meM sabase pahale nyUTana ne gati tattva ko svIkAra kiyaa| albarTa AinsaTIna ne bhI gati-tattva ko svIkRti dii| Adhunika vaijJAnika anusaMdhAna se ye tathya aura adhika spaSTa ho gaye haiN| gati, sthiti aura avagAhana ke sAdhAraNa kAraNa rUpa se bhinna-tattvoM ko svIkAra karane kI ora unakA bhI dhyAna AkarSita huaa| isake pariNAmasvarUpa ve tejovAhI Ithara kSetra (field) aura AkAza (space) ina tIna tattvoM ko svatantra rUpa se svIkAra karane lage haiM, jinheM kramazaH dharma, adharma evaM AkAza sthAnIya mAnA jA sakatA hai| ___ Adhunika vaijJAnikoM ke matAnusAra tejovAhI Ithara sampUrNa jagat meM vyApta hai aura yaha vidyut cumbakIya taraMgoM kI gati kA mAdhyama hai| prakAza ke taraMga siddhAnta ke anusaMdhAna ke samaya vaijJAnikoM kA dhyAna isa prakAra ke tejovAhI mAdhyama kI ora gayA thA aura unhoMne usa samaya Ithara meM paudgatika guNoM kI kalpanA kI thii| Ithara meM paudgalika guNa AkAra, sthApakatva Adi hote haiN| isa siddhAnta ke anusAra yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki prakAza taraMgoM kI vibhinna dizAoM meM hone vAlI gati para Ithara aura pRthvI kI sApekSa gati ke kAraNa prabhAva par3anA caahie| kintu mAikalasana evaM mArle ke prayoga se yaha spaSTa hai ki prakAza taraMgoM kI gati para isa prakAra kA koI prabhAva parilakSita nahIM hotaa| isase spaSTa hai ki Ithara paudgalika nahIM hai| pro. eDiMgTana ne 'necara oNpha phijikala varlDa' pustaka meM likhA hai ki Ajakala yaha sarvasammata hai ki Ithara kisI bhI prakAra kI prakRti (Matter) nahIM hai tathA prakRti se bhinna hone ke kAraNa usake guNa bhI bilkula viziSTa hone caahieN| pro. maiksavAna ne resTalaisa yunivarsa' meM likhA hai ki mAikalasana aura mAle ke prayoga evaM sApekSavAda ke siddhAnta se yaha spaSTa hai ki Ithara sAdhAraNa pArthiva vastuoM se bhinna honA caahie| vaijJAnika abhI taka sUrya, candra graha Adi kI sthiratA kA kAraNa aura vastuoM ke pRthvI kI ora girane kA kAraNa gurutvAkarSaNa mAnate rahe haiM / kintu aba gurutvAkarSaNa aura vidyut cumbakIya zakti ke kArya ke mAdhyama svarUpa kSetra kI ora unakA dhyAna gayA hai| ___ nazAMbarDa ne eka sthAna para likhA hai ki hama nahIM samajha pA rahe haiM ki binA zakti ke dUravartI sthAna para kArya kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai| abhI taka usameM ve paudgalika guNa mAna rahe the kintu paudgalika mAnane se unake mArga meM kaThinAiyAM
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________________ dravya evaM astikAya kI avadhAraNA / 97 A rahI haiM / sambhava hai ki bhaviSya meM ve isakI apaudgalikatA ko svIkAra kara leM aura isa taraha gati mAdhyama Ithara kI taraha sthiti kA mAdhyama bhI svIkAra kara liyA jaaye| dharma-adharma kI tulanA dhana Ithara evaM RNa Ithara ke rUpa meM kI jAtI hai| vizva-prahelikA ke lekhaka ne ina zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| niSkarSataH hama kaha sakate haiM jaina darzana mAnya dharma-adharma dravya vizva-vyavasthA ke mUla ghaTaka haiN| unakA astitva jaina darzana meM to hajAroM varSoM se mAnya rahA hai tathA unakA vistata varNanaM prApta hai| tathA Aja vaijJAnika jagat meM bhI ina tathyoM kI svIkRti satya-saMdhAna ke mArga ko prazasta kara rahI hai| vaijJAnika tathyoM ke sAtha dharma-adharma kI ekadezIya tulanA to nizcita rUpa se ho sakatI hai| AkAzAstikAya vizva-saMracanA ke ghaTaka dravyoM ke sandarbha meM AkAza kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| AkAza tattva prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| yadyapi usake svarUpa ke sambandha meM unameM paraspara matabheda hai| para astitva ke sambandha meM sabhI ekamata haiM / AkAza tattva kI vAstavikatA evaM avAstavikatA ko lekara pAzcAtya darzana jagat meM do vicAra haiN| DekArTasa, lAibanItsa, kANTa Adi AkAza ko svatantra evaM vastu sApekSa vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| kintu pleTo, arastu geseNDI Adi AkAza ko svatantra evaM vastu sApekSa vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| jaina darzana bhI AkAza ko astikAya mAnatA hai arthAt AkAza kA svatantra astitva use mAnya hai| vaizeSika Adi kucha dArzanika dik aura AkAza ko pRthak dravya mAnate haiM para jaina mAnyatAnusAra donoM pRthak dravya nahIM haiM / dizA AkAza kA hI vizeSa bheda hai| 'digapi AkAzavizeSaH na tu dravyAntaram' / kaNAd ne dig ko svatantra dravya mAnA hai| vaizeSika matAnusAra jisakA guNa zabda ho, vaha AkAza tathA jo bAhya jagat ko dezastha karatA hai, vaha dik hai / kaNAd ke mata se AkAza aura dik kA bheda kArya sApekSa hai| yadi vaha zabdaniSpatti kA kAraNa banatA hai to AkAza aura yadi bAhya vastu ko dezastha karatA hai to dik hai / jaina ke anusAra na to dizA svatantra dravya hai aura na hI zabda AkAza kA guNa / zabda to paudgalika hai| vaha pudgala skaMdha ke bheda va saMghAta se niSpanna hotA hai| jaina darzana sammata AkAza evaM vaijJAnika mAnya spesa ke siddhAnta meM bahuta kucha
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________________ 98 / AhatI-dRSTi sAmya hai / pro. eDiMgTana ne likhA hai ki sApekSavAda ke siddhAnta ke pUrva vaijJAnika AkAza ko sImita mAnate the, ananta AkAza kI kisI ne kalpanA hI nahIM kI thii| kintu sApekSavAda kahatA hai ki yadi AkAza sImita hai to usakI sImA ke bAhara kyA hai ? isalie AkAza ananta hai yA sasIma hai ? isa prazna kA uttara vaha isa rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai ki AkAza sasIma hai kintu usakA anta nahIM hai / aMgrejI meM isI maMtavya ko 'phAinAiTa baTaanabAuNDeDa' zabdoM dvArA vyakta kiyA jAtA hai| ... __AinsaTIna ke anusAra AkAza kI sasImatA usameM rahane vAlI prakRti ke nimitta se hai| prakRti (pudgala) ke abhAva meM AkAza ananta hai / inake vicAra jaina darzana ke nikaTa haiN| ___AkAza kI svarUpa-mImAMsA jaina darzana meM vistAra se huI hai / 'avagAhalakkhaNeNaM AgAsatthikAe' jo samasta padArthoM ko Azraya pradAna kare, vaha AkAza hai| AkAza kA guNa avagAhana hai| vaha svayaM anAlamba athavA svapratiSThita hai| zeSa dravyoM kA. Alambana hai| svarUpa kI dRSTi se sabhI dravya svapratiSThita haiM kintu kSetra yA Ayatana kI dRSTi se ve AkAza pratiSThita haiM, isalie use saba dravyoM kA bhAjana kahA gayA hai 'bhAyaNaM savvadavvANaM nahaM mogAhalakkhaNaM' dravyAnuyogatarkaNA meM kahA gayA hai * yo datte sarvadravyANAM sAdhAraNamavagAhanam / lokAlokaprakAreNa dravyAkAzaH sa ucyate // paMcAstikAya meM bhI yahI bhAva prakaTa ho rahe haiM savvesiM jIvANaM sesANaM taha ya puggalANaM ca / jaM dedi vivaramakhilaM taM loe havadi aayaasN| - gautama ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA-bhaMte ! AkAzatattva se jIvoM aura ajIvoM ko kyA lAbha hotA hai ? bhagavAn ne kahA--gautama ! AkAza nahIM hotA to ye jIva kahAM hote? dharma-adharma kahA~ vyApta hote? kAla kahAM vartana karatA? pudgala kA raMgamaMca kahAM banatA? yaha vizva nirAdhAra hI hotA? bhagavatI sUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai-'AgAsatthikAeNaM jIvadavvANa ca ajIvadavvANa ca bhaaynnbhuue|' dravya Adi kI dRSTi se AkAza ke svarUpa para vicAra kareM to dravya kI dRSTi se AkAza eka aura akhaNDa dravya hai arthAt usakI racanA meM sAtatya hai / kSetra kI dRSTi se AkAza lokAloka pAramANa hai / yaha sarvavyApI, ananta evaM asIma hai| isake pradezoM kI saMkhyA ananta
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________________ dravya evaM astikAya kI avadhAraNA / 99 hai| kAla se anAdi-ananta arthAt zAzvata hai / bhAva se yaha amUrta hai / varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza rahita hai arthAt abhautika evaM acetana hai / guNa se avagAhana guNa vAlA hai| samasta AkAza dravya anya dravyoM dvArA avagAhita nahIM hai ataH eka hone para anya dravyoM ke astitva ke kAraNa vaha do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai (1) lokAkAza, (2) alokaakaash| dravyAnuyogatarkaNA meM kahA hai dharmAdisaMyutoloka'lokasteSAM viyogtH| niravadhi: svayaM tasyAvadhitvaM tu nirarthakam / / AkAza kA vaha bhAga jo dharma, adharma, kAla, pudgala evaM jIva ke dvArA avagAhita hai, vaha lokAkAza hai dhammAdhammA puggalA kAla jIvA yaavdiye| AyAsaM so logo tatto parado alogo khN|| jahA~ AkAza ke atirikta anya dravya nahIM hai, vaha aloka hai zeSadravyazUnyamAkAzamalokaH / ' / aloka eka vizAla gole ke samAna hai, jisakI trijyA anaMta hai| dharma Adi pA~ca dravyoM ko dhAraNa karanevAlA lokAkAza anaMta AkAza samudra meM eka dvIpa ke samAna hai| yahAM yaha tathya smaraNIya hai ki AkAza akhaMDa dravya hai| anya dravyoM ke astitva ke kAraNa hI vaha loka, aloka rUpa meM vibhakta hotA hai| asIma AkAza kA SaDdravyAtmaka bhAga loka hai| vaha caudaha rajju pramANa hai| trizarAvasampuTAkAra vAlA hai tathA tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai (1) Urdhva, (2) tiryaku (3) adholok| Urdhvaloka sAtarajju se kucha kama hai| vaha vaimAnika devatA evaM siddhoM kA nivAsa sthala hai adholoka sAta rajju se kucha adhika kA hai yaha bhavanapati deva tathA nAraka jIvoM kA nivAsa sthAna hai| tiryak loka aThAraha sau yojana kA hai| isameM
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________________ 100 / ArhatI-dRSTi tiryaMca, manuSya, jyotiSa deva tathA vyantara deva haiM / sUkSma ekendriya sampUrNa loka meM vyApta hai| caudaha rajju kA loka sAtaveM naraka mahAtama prabhA ke nIce se prArambha hokara siddhazilA ke antima chora taka hai / lokapuruSa kA AkAra vartamAna jaina pratIka ke samAna hai / loka kI vyavasthA caturdhA hai / 'caturdhAtatsthitiH' sabase pahale AkAza, usake Upara vAyu, vAyu ke Upara pAnI, pAnI para pRthvI tathA pRthvI para trasa-sthAvara jIva nivAsa karate haiN| AkAza dravya AdhArabhUta hai| zeSa dravya Adheya hai / AkAza svapratiSThita hai / AkAza anaMta pradezI hai kintu lokAkAza asaMkhya pradezI hai| yaha dRzyamAna sampUrNa jagat lokAkAza meM hI sthita hai| pudgalAstikAya, jIvAstikAya evaM kAla kI vivecanA anyatra vAJchita hai|
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________________ 5 guNa paryAya : bheda yA abheda jo guNa-paryAyAtmaka hotA hai vaha dravya hai / dravya, guNa aura paryAya ko Azraya pradAna karatA hai / dravya kA sahabhAvI dharma guNa kahalAtA hai aura kramabhAvI dharma paryAya / sahabhAvI dharmo guNaH kramabhAvI dharmaH paryAyaH / guNa kA dravya ke sAtha sahabhAva hotA hai| vaizeSika darzana kA mAnanA hai ki 'utpannaM dravyaM kSaNamaguNaM niSkriyaM ca tisstthti|' dravya utpatti ke samaya nirguNa hotA hai / bAda meM samavAya sambandha ke dvArA dravya aura guNa kA sambandha ho jAtA hai kintu jaina darzana ke anusAra guNa dravya kA sahabhU dharma hai / usakA dravya vaizeSika kI taraha utpatti ke samaya nirguNa nahIM hotA, saguNa hotA hai / yadyapi naiyAyika-vaizeSika aura jaina donoM kA dravya anAdinidhana hai taba guNa svataH hI anAdi-nidhana ho jAtA hai / guNa dravya kI cirasthAyI vizeSatA hai jabaki paryAya asthAyI vizeSatA hai| - ullekhanIya hai ki prAcInatara AgamoM meM hameM guNa kA vizeSatA ke artha meM ullekha nahIM milatA kintu uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke eka pUrvavartI aMza meM tathA umAsvAti aura kundakunda granthoM meM guNa ko dravya tathA paryAya se atirikta eka viziSTa padArtha mAnA hai| uttarAdhyayana ne dravya kI paribhASA meM guNa ko hI sthAna diyA hai / 'guNANamAsao davva' paryAya kA ullekha hI nahIM kiyA hai| umAsvAti aura kundakunda ne guNa ke atirikta paryAya ko bhI dravya ke lakSaNa meM sammilita kiyA hai| jaba guNa aura paryAya do pRthaka mAne gaye taba unake sambandha kI samasyA utpanna hotI hai / vAcaka umAsvAti aura AcArya kundakunda ne guNa aura paryAya meM bheda svIkAra kiyA hai| pUjyapAda ne bhI guNa aura paryAya meM bheda svIkAra kiyA hai| 'ke guNAH ke paryAyAH', 'anvayino guNAH vyatirekinaH paryAyAH' guNa dravya ke anvayI hote haiM tathA paryAya vyatirekI / guNa ke dvArA hI dravya kI dUsare dravya se pRthakatA hotI hai| AcArya akalaMka guNa aura paryAya meM bhedAbheda mAnate haiM / haribhadra evaM yazovijayajI guNa aura paryAya meM abheda svIkAra karate haiN| amRtacandra, vAdI- devasUrI, vidyAnanda Adi ne guNa evaM paryAya meM bheda svIkAra kiyA hai / dravya padArtha maulika hai| guNa paryAya dharma hai| dharmI dharma se kathaMcitR bhinna hai / udAharaNataH jaise jIva dravya hai| jJAna usakA guNa hai tathA ghaTajJAna paTajJAna usakI paryAya hai| dharma adharma dravya hai,
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________________ 102 / ArhatI-dRSTi gati sthiti meM sahAya honA unakA guNa hai| tathA gati sthitizIla padArthoM ke sAtha sambandha honA unakI paryAya hai| pudgala dravya hai sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa ye isake guNa hai tathA ghaTa, paTa ityAdi isakI paryAya hai / aisA hI kAla dravya hai / vartanA usakA lakSaNa hai| saikaNDa, minaTa, ghaNTA usakI paryAya hai / guNa paryAya ye do pRthak zabda hI usake paraspara bheda kI sUcanA de rahe haiN| yadi unameM abheda hotA to pRthak zabdoM ke prayoga kI bhI koI AvazyakatA nahIM thI / guNa do prakAra ke batalAye gaye haiM / yathA--sAmAnya aura vizeSa / sAmAnya guNa 6 prakAra kA hai vizeSa 16 prakAra kA hai / guNoM kI saMkhyA sImita hai jabaki paryAya ananta haiM guNa paryAya kI sAMkhyayAyika svIkRti bhI unake paraspara bheda kI sUcanA de rahI hai| AcArya siddhasena kA guNa aura paryAya ke sambandha meM anya AcAryoM se matabheda hai| tArkika pratibhA ke dhanI siddhasena usI bAta ko svIkAra karate haiM jo unakI tarka kI kasauTI para kharI utaratI haiM cAhe vaha tathya Agama ke anukUla ho yA na ho ve tarka siddha tathya ko hI svIkAra karate the| ve guNa aura paryAya meM abheda svIkAra karate the| unhoMne kahA hai ki guNa aura paryAya samAnArthaka hai ataH ve donoM zabda eka hI avadhAraNA ko spaSTa karate haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne do nayoM kA hI varNana kiyA hai dravyArthika aura pryaayaarthik| unhoMne gaNArthika naya kA kahIM ullekha hI nahIM kiyA hai| yadi gaNa paryAya se bhinna hotA to ve guNAstika naya kA ullekha avazya krte| kintu unhoMne to varNaparyAya kA prayoga kiyA hai / varNaguNa kA kahIM bhI prayoga nahIM kiyA hai ataH guNa aura paryAya meM abheda hai tathA yaha tathya Agama siddha hai| ___DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye ne pravacanasAra ke sampAdakIya meM siddhasena divAkara ke guNa-paryAya abhedavAda kI AlocanA kI hai| unhoMne kahA ki siddhasena nyAya vaizeSika evaM kundakunda ke guNa kI sthiti ko eka jaisA samajha rahe haiM / ve svayaM Confused haiM / upAdhyejI kI yaha AlocanA kahAM taka ucita hai yaha cintanIya bindu hai / guNa aura paryAya do zabda haiM ataH inameM bheda honA cAhie tathA guNa mAtra dravyAzrita hote haiM jabaki paryAya dravya aura guNa donoM ke Azrita hai| pudgala dravya hai sparza rasa Adi usake guNa haiM / sparza ke bheda sparza kI paryAya hai / eka hI vastu cakSu kA viSaya banatI hai taba rUpa bana jAtI hai| rasanA se rasa, ghrANa se gandha evaM sparzanendriya kI viSayatA ke kAraNa sparza ho jAtI hai / vastu kI ye paryAyeM vyavahArAzrita haiM / yadi sparza meM aura usake bheda rUpa paryAyoM meM antara hotA to saMbhinnasrotopalabdhi ke samaya eka hI indriya se sAre viSayoM kA jJAna kaise hotA tathA ekendriyAdi jIva apanA vyavahAra kaise claate|
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________________ guNa paryAya : bheda yA abheda / 103cintana kA phalita hotA hai ki jIva apane vyavahAra ke lie inako pRthak kara letA hai| guNa aura paryAya ko vyavahAra ke stara para bhinna mAnA jA sakatA hai nizcayataH ve donoM abhinna haiN| AcArya siddhasena ne to guNa aura paryAya meM hI abheda kahA kintu AcArya siddhasenagaNI ne to nizcayataH dravya paryAya ko bhI abhinna mAnakara naya se bhinnatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai abhinnAMzamataM vastu tthobhymyaatmkm| pratipatterupAyena nayabhedena kthyte|| ataH yaha nirvivAda svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki guNa aura paryAya meM maulika bheda nahIM hai| unakA pArasparika bheda vyAvahArika hai| ..
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________________ pariNAmavAda pariNAma yA parivartana kI samasyA dArzanika kSetra kI maulika samasyA rahI hai| dArzanikoM ne isa tarapha gambhIratA se dhyAna kendrita kiyA hai| astitva ke sambandha cintakoM kI do prakAra kI vicAradhArA rahI hai / eka avadhAraNA ke anusAra tattva kUTastha hai tathA isake viparIta dUsarI vicAradhArA ke samarthaka kSaNika ko vAstavika sat mAnate haiM / jo sat ko sarvathA kUTastha mAnate haiM ve The Philosophy of being ke samarthaka haiM tathA jo sat ke anitya mAnate haiM vo The Philosophy of becoming ke anugAmI haiN| pahalI vicAradhArA ke anusAra parivartana sarvathA avAstavika hai jabaki dUsarI vicAradhArA ke anusAra vastu kA parivartana hI satva hai / prathama ke anusAra kUTastha dravya kI sattA hI vAstavika hai jabaki dUsare ke anusAra dravyarahita paryAya hI vAstavika kUTasthatA ke samarthakoM kA mAnanA hai ki parivartana bhrAnti hai aura vaha ajJAna athavA mAyA ke dvArA nirmita hai| kSaNikatA ke samarthakoM kA abhyupagama hai ki dravya kI kalpanA nirarthaka hai tathA svayaM ke prati rAga evaM saMsAra ke prati rAga ke kAraNa vyakti dravya kI kalpanA karatA hai| bhAratIya cintana meM being kI philosaoNphI ko AtmavAda kahA jAtA hai tathA becoming kI Philosophy ko anAtmavAda kahA jAtA hai / kUTastha dravyavAda ke samarthaka vedAntI haiN| unake anusAra brahma hI satya hai vaha kUTastha hai, eka hai| saMsAra kI vividhatA avAstavika hai / 'brahma satyaM jaganmithyA' kA siddhAnta unake cintana kA mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka hai| mAyA ke kAraNa saMsAra kA nAnAtva dRSTigamya hotA hai, mAyA brahma virodhI hai / sAMkhya yoga jisane puruSa aura prakRti ina do tattvoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| usakA puruSa bhI vedAnta ke brahma kI taraha kUTastha nitya hai| vaha apariNAmI hai| jabaki prakRti pariNAmadharmA hai puruSa ke lie hI vaha pravRti karatI hai / anAtmavAda ke prabala samarthaka bauddha haiN| inake anusAra parivartana hI satya hai / inakA dravya jaisI kisI bhI sattA meM vizvAsa nahIM hai| ye dravya ko kAlpanika mAnate haiN| sAMkhya kI prakRti kI avadhAraNA bauddha evaM brahmavAdI kA madhyamamArga hai / arthAt usameM parivartana bhI hai aura vaha nitya bhI hai / bauddha ke anusAra atIta kabhI punaH nahIM A sktaa| kintu sAMkhya
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________________ pariNAmavAda | 105 kI prakRti ko mUla avasthA kI punaH prApti ho sakatI hai| vedAnta darzana meM parivartana ko vivarta, bauddha meM pratItyasamutpAda, sAMkhya meM pariNAma evaM nyAya vaizeSika darzana meM use ArambhavAda kahA jAtA hai| . bhAratIya darzana ke kSetra meM aise bhI dArzanika haiM jo being aura becoming donoM kA ekasAtha sApekSa astitva svIkAra karate haiN| isa siddhAnta ke samarthaka jainacintaka hai| unake anusAra astitva dravyaparyAyAtmaka hai| utpAda-vyaya bhI utane hI satya hai jitanI dhruvatA / astitva ubhayAtmaka hai / jaina kA parivartana kA siddhAnta sadasad kAryavAda kahalAtA hai / vastutaH jaina darzana pariNAmavAdI hai| sAMkhya yoga tathA prAcIna vedAnta Adi ke pariNAmavAda se jaina-pariNAmavAda kA viziSTa antara yaha hai ki sAMkhya ke anusAra pariNAma cetana tattva kA sparza hI nahIM kara sakatA, vaha mAtra jar3a rUpa prakRti meM hI hotA hai / tathA bhartRprapaJca Adi kA pariNAmavAda mAtra cetana tattva sparzI hai kintu jaina pariNAmavAda jar3a-cetana, sUkSma-sthUla samagra vastu sparzI hai ataeva jaina pariNAmavAda ko sarvavyApaka pariNAmavAda samajhanA caahie| ArambhavAda evaM pariNAmavAda kA jaina darzana meM vyApaka rUpa meM samagra sthAna tathA samanvaya hai para usameM pratItyasamutpAda evaM vivartavAda kA koI sthAna nahIM hai| yadyapi bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya prAyaH dArzanikoM ne pariNAmavAda para vistRta evaM mahattvapUrNa carcA prastuta kI hai| parantu unakI carcA anyatra vAJchita hai| prastuta nibandha meM hama sAMkhya evaM jaina darzana ke pariNAmavAda kI carcA meM hI sImita rheNge| sAMkhya ke anusAra jaisA ki hama pahale hI kaha cuke haiM ki puruSa meM pariNAma nahIM hotA sirpha vaha pradhAna pariNAmavAdI hai / pariNAma ko paribhASita karate hue yogabhASya (3/13) meM kahA gayA 'avasthitasya dravyasya pUrvadharmanivRtau dharmAntarotpatiH pariNAma:' tathA aisI paribhASA yukti dIpikA meM dI gaI hai jahat dharmAntaraM pUrvaM upAdatte yadA param / tattvAd apracyuto dharmI pariNAmaH sa ucyate // kUTastha avasthita dravya ke pUrva dharma kA nAza honA tathA uttara dharma kA utpAda honA pariNAma hai / sAMkhya ne tIna prakAra ke pariNAma mAne haiM dharma pariNAma, lakSaNa pariNAma aura avasthA pariNAma / dharmoM ke dvArA dharmI kA pariNAma hotA hai lakSaNa ke dvArA dharma meM pariNAma hotA hai tathA lakSaNa kA bhI avasthA
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________________ 106 / ArhatI-dRSTi ke dvArA pariNAma hai| guNavRta dharma, lakSaNa evaM avasthA pariNAma zUnya eka kSaNa bhI nahIM raha sktaa| sAMkhya ke anusAra dravya kUTastha rahatA hai usake guNoM meM parivartana hotA hai jaisA ki uparyukta pariNAma lakSaNa se spaSTa hai| jaina pariNAma siddhAnta ke anusAra dravya aura paryAya donoM meM parivartana hotA hai| paryAya jo naSTa ho gaI hai usakA punarAgamana nahIM hotA hai / dravya jo sarva paryAyoM meM anusyUta rahatA hai vaha bhI pariNAma kA viSaya banatA hai / jaina ke anusAra pariNAma kI paribhASA hai--'tadbhAvaH pariNAmaH' / jaina ke dravya kI nityatA kI avadhAraNA bhinna prakAra kI hai| 'tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam' apane svarUpa kA nAza na honA hI nityatA hai| dravya parivartana meM gujarakara bhI apane astitva ko nahIM chor3atA hai / jaina ke anusAra dravya kA navInIkaraNa hone para bhI vaha sthira rahatA hai| usake anusAra aparivartita dravya mAtra bhrAnti hai / jaina parivartanazIla dravya ko svIkAra karatA hai / sAMkhya aura jaina ke parivartana ke siddhAnta meM eka maulika matabheda hai / sAMkhya dravya ko sarvathA kUTastha svIkAra karatA hai| jabaki jaina ke anusAra jaise guNa aura paryAya meM parivartana hotA hai vaise hI dravya / meM bhI parivartana hotA hai| . jaina ne vastu lakSaNa ko paribhASita kiyA hai--'utpAdavyayadhauvyAtmakaM sat' yahAM dhruvatA kA tAtparya vedAnta ke brahma jaisI kUTasthatA se nahIM hai kintu jaina ke anusAra parivartana hone ke bAvajUda svarUpa kA nAza na honA hI dhruvatA hai / sAMkhya trividha pariNAma ke dvArA apane pariNAma siddhAnta ko vyAkhyAyita karatA hai kintu antatogatvA vaha kaha detA hai 'paramArthastveka eva pariNAma: dharmisvarUpamAtro hi dharma, dharmivikriyaivaiSA dharmadvArAH prpnycyte|' yo (3/13) . __ vaha dharmI meM bhI vikriyA (parivartana) ko mAnya kara letA hai| aisA hone se usakA avasthita dravyasya.... vAlA pariNAma siddhAnta svataH nirAkRta ho jAtA hai tathA usakA pariNAma jaina pariNAma siddhAnta ke tulya ho jAtA hai|
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________________ tattvavAda ke kSetra meM jaina darzana kI maulika dena vizva kI vyAkhyA prastuta karate hue pratyeka dArzanikoM ne tattvoM kI saMkhyA kA nirdhAraNa kiyA hai| yaha jagat kyA hai ? kisase banA hai ? ityAdi prazna prAcIna kAla se hI cale A rahe haiN| jina vyaktiyoM ne inake bAre meM cintana prastuta kiyA unakA hI svatantra darzana ho gyaa| ___ vedAnta ke anusAra yaha sArA jagat brahmamaya hai| 'sarva vai khalvidaM brahma neha nAnAsti kiMcana' yaha jo nAnAtva hai vaha mAyA ke kAraNa dRSTigocara hai| isakI vyAvahArika sattA hai pAramArthika sattA kevala brahma kI hai / sAMkhya darzana ne prakRti aura puruSa ke samanvaya se isakI vyAkhyA kii| sAMkhya kA puruSa cetana, amUrta bhogI kUTastha nitya hai| prakRti hI puruSa ke sannidhAna ko prApta kara isa saMsAra kI racanA karatI hai| naiyAyika vaizeSika ne jagat kA nimitta kAraNa to Izvara ko svIkAra kiyA kintu upAdAna kAraNa cetana aura jar3a ko hI maanaa| usane tattva vyAkhyA meM dravya, guNa, karma ityAdi 6 padArtha mAne, phira 9 dravya, 24 guNa, 5 karma isa prakAra vizva-vyavasthA ko prakaTa karane kA prayatna kiyaa| jaina-darzana ne isa dRzya jagat ko loka kI abhidhA se abhivyakta kiyaa| dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla pudgala aura jIva ina chahoM dravyoM kI saha sthiti jahA~ hai vaha loka hai| paJcAstikAya kA sahAvasthAna hI loka hai / saMkSepa meM jIva aura ajIva kI saha sthiti loka hai| vizva-vyAkhyA meM jIva pudgala, AkAza tathA kAla ina tattvoM kI prastuti kaI bhAratIya pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne dI kintu dharma-adharma kI svIkRti tattvavAda ke kSetra meM jaina darzana kI maulika dena hai| jainetara kisI bhI darzana ne isa prakAra kI abhivyakti nahIM dii| bhAratIya darzana meM dharma evaM adharma zabda kA prayoga to huA hai jisakA abhiprAya hai kramazaH zubha karma evaM azubhakarma se hai kintu jaina kI tattvamImAMsA meM Agata dharmAstikAya evaM adharmAstikAya kA prayojana usa artha se sarvathA bhinna hai| jaina darzana dvArA pratipAdita dharmAstikAya evaM adharmAstikAya kA vizva vyAkhyA meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| ... jIva aura pudgala kI gati meM udAsIna bhAva se sahAyaka honevAle dravya ko dharmAstikAya kI abhidhA se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| gati kA asAdhAraNa kAraNa dharmAstikAya hai| dharmAstikAya sampUrNa lokavyApI hai / sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa se rahita
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________________ 108 / ArhatI-dRSTi hai| jIvoM ke Agamana, gamana, mAnasika, vAcika, kAyika kriyAeM, AMkhoM ke unmeSa kA kAraNa hai| vizva ke sAre cala bhAva dharmAstikAya ke kAraNa hai| yadi yaha nahIM hotA to pUrA vizva hI acala hotaa| gati meM sahAyatA karanA hI dharmAstikAya kA lakSaNa jIva aura pudgala ke sthira rahane meM sahAyatA denevAlA tattva adharmAstikAya kahalAtA hai / adharma bhI lokavyApI, sparza, rasa varNa evaM gandha se rahita hai / khar3A rahanA, baiThanA, sonA, mana ko ekAgra karanA mauna karanA, zarIra ko nispanda banAnA AMkhoM kA nimeSa ye saba adharma dravya kI sahAyatA se hI hote haiN| yadi adharma dravya nahIM hotA to sArA vizva hI gatimAna hotaa| __gati aura sthiti donoM sApekSa haiM / eka ke astitva meM dUsare kA astitva atyanta apekSita haiN| jIva aura pudgala kI gati evaM sthiti meM dharma-adharma upAdAna kAraNa nahIM hai| kintu nimitta kAraNa haiM / ve jIva aura pudagala ko calane evaM sthira rahane ke lie prerita nahIM karate kintu yadi ve calate evaM sthira rahate haiM to dharma, adharma unako sahAyatA dete haiM / gati, sthiti kA mUla preraka jIva evaM pudgala svayaM hai| jaise machalI tairanA cAhatI hai to vaha binA pAnI taira nahIM sakatI, tairane ke lie use pAnI atyanta apekSita hai| pathika dhUpa se klAnta hokara ThaharanA cAhatA hai / vRkSa kI chAyA dekhakara vaha Thahara jAtA hai| vaise hI dharma evaM adharma ye donoM tattva jIva, pudgala kI sthiti, gati meM atyanta apezita haiN| ye donoM tattva svayaM niSkriya haiN| kintu sakriya padArthoM ko sahayoga dete haiN| loka ke AkAra-prakAra ke lie bhI dharma-adharma uttaradAyI hai| loka kA AkAra trizarAvasampuTAkAra mAnA jAtA hai vastutaH vaha dharmAstikAya evaM adharmAstikAya kA hI AkAra hai| usake AkAra ke AdhAra para hI loka ke AkAra kI upalakSaNa se vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| loka evaM aloka ke vibhAjaka tattva bhI dharma evaM adharma hai| ataeva vizva vyAkhyA ke siddhAnta ke sandarbha meM dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| jo jaina darzana kI maulika avadhAraNA hai| vaijJAnika jagat meM bhI aisI avadhAraNA kA svIkAra, parihAra hotA rahA hai| paramANu tattvavAda ke sambandha meM jaina darzana kI dUsarI maulika dena hai paramANu kA siddhaant| yadyapi paramANu ke sandarbha meM bhAratIya tathA pAzcAtya donoM dArzanikoM ne vicAra kiyA hai / pAzcAtya darzana meM DemokreTsa paramANuvAda ke janaka mAne jAte haiM aura kucha dArzanikoM kA abhimata bhI hai ki bhArata meM paramANuvAda kA siddhAnta yUnAna se AyA hai kintu yaha tarkasaMgata nahIM lagatA kyoMki jaina ke paramANuvAda meM tathA DemokreTasa ke paramANuvAda "rahA ha
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________________ tattvavAda ke kSetra meM jaina darzana kI maulika dena / 109 meM paryApta antara hai / jisakI vyAkhyA ke lie alaga se vimarza karane kI AvazyakatA hai| saMkSepa meM jaina dRSTi ke anusAra paramANu cetanA kA pratipakSI hai, jabaki DemokreTsa ke anusAra AtmA bhI sUkSma paramANuoM kA vikAsa mAtra hai / vaizeSikoM ne cAra prakAra ke paramANu svIkAra kiye haiM-pRthvI, pAnI agni evaM vAyu / ye cAra prakAra ke paramANu Apasa meM sarvathA bhinna haiM inake dvArA sthUla kAryoM kI utpatti hotI hai| __jaina dRSTi ke anusAra pudgala kA sUkSma avibhAjya aMza paramANu kahalAtA hai|' vaizeSika kI taraha isake paramANu pRthak nahIM haiM / ve eka hI prakAra ke hote haiM / paramANaoM kI snigdhatA evaM rukSatA hI padArthoM kI bhinnatA meM kAraNa hai / patthara' sonA, cAMdI, zIzA ityAdi ye sAre hI padArtha eka hI prakAra ke paramANuoM se nirmita haiM / koI bhI paramANu kisI bhI rUpa meM pariNata ho sakatA hai| yadyapi Adhunika vijJAna pahale isa tathya ko svIkAra nahIM karatA thA vaha 92 prakAra ke maulika paramANuoM ke astitva ko svIkAra karatA thA parantu aNu kI racanA ke siddhAnta ne siddha kara diyA hai ki sAre paramANu eka hI prakAra ke hote haiN| inameM antara sirpha ina paramANuoM meM antarnihita ghanANu Proton aura RNANu electron kI saMkhyA se hai| jaina zabdAvali meM inameM antara snigdhatA evaM rukSatA ke kAraNa hai| vaijJAnikoM ne apanI prayogazAlA meM prayoga karake paramANu kI ekarUpatA ke tathya ko siddha karake dikhA diyA hai| - paramANuvAda ke sandarbha meM jaina darzana kI maulika dena paramANuoM ke sambandha kI prakriyA hai| paramANuoM kA Apasa meM sambandha kyoM hotA hai ? aura kaise hotA hai? isakA vivecana jaina dArzanikoM ne hI kiyA hai anyatra dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| pannavaNA sUtra meM paramANuoM ke sambandha kI prakriyA ko batAte hue kahA gayA- . niddhasya niddheNa duAhiyeNa, lukkhassa lukkheNa duAhiyeNa. niddhassa lukcheNa svei baMdho, jahanavAvajjo visamo samo vA / / astikAya astikAya zabda bhI jaina kA tattva mImAMsAntargata maulika zabda hai| jagat kI vyAkhyA meM paJcAstikAya kA varNana prAcIna hai jabaki dravya zabda kA prayoga arvAcIna hai| astikAya zabda jitanA sArthaka hai utanA dravya nahIM hai / asti kA artha hai--astitva evaM kAya kA artha hai utpatti-vinAza / astitva evaM kAya kA artha hai utpatti-vinAza evaM dhruvatAM / astikAya zabda jaina ke abhiprAya ko vyakta karane meM samartha hai jabaki dravya nahIM kara sktaa| pradeza pracaya ko astikAya kahA jAtA hai| kAla ke pradezoM kA pracaya nahIM ho sktaa| kAla ke tiryaka sAmAnya nahIM haiM ataH vaha astikAya bhI
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________________ 110 / ArhatI-dRSTi nahIM hai / tiryak sAmAnya arthAt pradezoM kA pracaya dharmAdi cAra ajIva padArtha evaM jIva ke hI ho sakatA hai / ataH ina pA~coM ko astikAya kahA jAtA hai| SaDjIvanikAya __SaDjIvanikAya kI vyavasthA jaina kA dArzanika jagat meM maulika avadAna hai| isa prakAra jIvoM kI vyavasthA anya kisI bhI darzana ne nahIM kI hai| AcArya siddhasena 'SaDjIvanikAya' ke siddhAnta se itane prabhAvita hue ki unhoMne kahA-he ! bhagavan ! SaDjIvanikAya kI prarUpaNA hI Apake sarvajJa hone meM prabala pramANa hai / tattvavAda ke kSetra meM jaina kI yaha eka advitIya dena hai| vargaNA samAna jAtIya pudgala samUha ko vargaNA kahA jAtA hai / yadyapi vargaNAeM ananta haiM kintu sthUla rUpa se jIva ke prayoga meM Ane vAlI ATha vargaNAoM kA ullekha hai-audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa, kArmaNa, zvAsocchavAsa, bhASA evaM mn| prathama pA~ca vargaNAoM se pAMca zarIroM kA nirmANa hotA hai| zeSa tIna se zvAsocchavAsa, mana evaM vANI kI kriyAe~ hotI haiN| ye vargaNA sampUrNa loka meM vyApta haiN| jaba taka inakA vyavasthita saMgaThana nahIM banatA taba taka ve svAnukUla kArya karane ke yogya to rahatI haiM kintu kara nahIM sktii| inakA saMgaThana karane vAlA prANI hai| vaha jaba inako saMgaThita karatA hai taba ve apanA kArya kara letI haiM / vargaNA kI svIkRti jaina darzana kI apanI maulika sUjha hai / ina vargaNAoM ke paramANu eka-dUsarI vargaNA meM saMkramaNa kara sakate haiM ataeva vaizeSika ke dvArA svIkRta cAra prakAra ke paramANuoM se inakA svataH hI bheda ho jAtA hai kyoMki vaizeSikoM kA mAnanA hai ki pRthvI ke paramANu pRthvI ke hI rheNge| ve agni, vAyu, jala nahIM bana sakate vaise hI anya paramANu bhI badala nahIM skte| lokA-lokAkAza kI avadhAraNA prAyaH sampUrNa bhAratIya darzana ne AkAza tattva ko to svIkAra kiyA hai / jaina ne bhI ise svIkAra kiyA hai / kintu AkAza ke dvidhA vibhAga lokAkAza evaM alokAkAza kI avadhAraNA maulika hai / anya kisI bhI dArzanika ne aisI avadhAraNA prastuta nahIM kI hai| lokAkAza evaM alokAkAza kI parikalpanA jaina dArzanikoM kI tattvavAda ke kSetra meM eka viziSTa evaM mahattvapUrNa dena hai / jisakI tulanA Adhunika AinsTIna evaM DI sITara ke vizva AkAza sambandhI siddhAntoM se kI jA sakatI hai| isa prakAra sampUrNa dArzanika jagat jaina darzana ke maulika avadAna se upakRta hai|
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________________ " dravyArthika evaM paryAyArthikanaya vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai / usakA vivecana aneka dRSTikoNoM se kiyA jA sakatA hai| vastu vivecana ke jitane prakAra haiM utane hI naya ho sakate haiM--'jAvaiyA vayaNapahA tAvaiyA ceva hoMti nnyvaayaa|' naya aneka haiM parantu una sabakA samAveza saMkSepa meM dravyArthika evaM paryAyArthika ina do nayoM meM ho jAtA hai / vastu kA svarUpa ubhayAtmaka hai| AcArya hemacandra ne kahA--'dravyaparyAyAtmakaM vastu' vastu dravyAtmaka evaM paryAyAtmaka hai / ataH usakI jJapti ke AdhArabhUta naya bhI dravyArthika evaM paryAyArthika bheda se do prakAra ke haiN| dravyArthika-paryAyArthika kI paribhASA sAmAnya yA abhedamUlaka samasta dRSTiyoM kA samAhAra dravyArthika naya meM tathA vizeSa yA bhedamUlaka samasta dRSTiyoM kA samAveza paryAyArthika naya meM ho jAtA hai| AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne ina do dRSTiyoM kA samarthana karate hue kahA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pravacana meM mUlataH do hI dRSTiyAM haiM-dravyArthika evaM paryAyArthika, zeSa sabhI dRSTikoNa inhIM do nayoM ke vikalpa haiM titthyrvynnsNgh-visesptyaarmuulvaagrnnii| davaDhio ya phajjavaNao ya sesA viyappA siN|| dravyArthika pradhAnatayA abhedagrAhI drvyaarthikH|| paryAyArthika-pradhAnatayA bhedagrAhI paryAyArthikaH // vastu ke dravyAtmaka svarUpako grahaNa karane vAlA dravyArthika naya hai tathA paryAyAtmaka svarUpa kA grAhaka paryAyArthika naya hai / dravyArthika naya arthAt abhedagAmI dRSTi aura paryAyArthika naya arthAt bhedagAmI dRSTi / naya ke bheda anekAnta kA spaSTIkaraNa nayoM ke nirUpaNa se hI ho sakatA hai| ye donoM naya hI samagra vicAra athavA vicArajanita samagrazAstra vAkya ke AdhArabhUta hai| ina do nayoM . ke nirUpaNa aura inake samanvaya meM hI anekAntavAda kA paryavasAna hotA hai| sanmati
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________________ 112 / ArhatI-dRSTi tarka ke anusAra saMgraha evaM vyavahAra ye do naya dravyArthika evaM RjusUtra paryAyArthika hai| zabda samabhirUr3ha evaM evaMbhUta RjusUtra kI hI zAkhA-prazAkhA hai| AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne saMgraha Adi chaha nayoM ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| ye naigama naya ko svIkAra nahIM karate yadyapi bhagavatI Adi Agama sAhitya meM naigama Adi sapta nayoM kA ullekha hai| siddhasena divAkara kA yaha mantavya hai ki naigama naya kA koI svatantra viSaya hai hI nahIM ataH use svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 'savvaNayasamUhammi vi Natthi Nao ubhyvaaypnnnno|' naya kA viSaya vastu sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hai / dravyArthika sAmAnyagrAhI haiM usakI dRSTi meM sabhI vastueM sarvadA ke lie utpatti evaM vinAza se rahita hai 'davvaTThiyassa savvaM sayA aaguppnnmvinnttuN|' paryAyAstika naya kI vaktavya vastu dravyAstika kI dRSTi meM avastu hI hai| 'taha pajjavavatthu avatthumeva davvaTThinayassa' kyoMki dravyArthika naya vastu ke sAmAnya rUpa kA hI grahaNa karatA hai / isake viparIta paryAyArthika naya ke anusAra padArtha niyama se utpanna evaM naSTa hI hote haiM--'upajaMti viyaMti ya bhAvA NiyameNa pajjavaNayassa' isake anusAra dhruvatA kA astitva hI nahIM hai / sanmati meM kahA gayA--'davvaTThiyavattavvaM avatthu NiyameNa pajjavaNayassa' dravyAstika kA vaktavya paryAyAstika kI dRSTi meM niyama se avastu hai| naya kI mithyAtvavAditA vastu kA svarUpa dravyaparyAyAtmaka hai| paryAya se rahita dravya evaM dravya se rahita paryAya kA astitva nahIM hai / utpAda-vyaya evaM dhauvya saMyukta rUpa se dravya kA lakSaNa davvaM pajjavaviuyaM davvaviutA ya phajjavA nntthi| uppAya-TThii-bhaMgA haMdi daviyalakkhaNaM eyaM / aisI sthiti meM donoM hI naya pRthak rUpa se vastu kI vyAkhyA karane meM asamartha haiM donoM nayoM kI viSaya-vastu sammilita hokara hI vastu svarUpa kI vyAkhyA karane meM samartha hai / nirapekSa donoM naya mithyAdRSTi hai--'tamhA micchaddiTThI patteyaM do vimuulnnyaa|'
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________________ dravyArthika evaM paryAyArthikanaya | 113' nya ke mithyA evaM samyaktva kI ksauttii| donoM naya alaga-alaga mithyAdRSTi isalie hai ki donoM meM se kisI ke bhI eka naya kA viSaya sat kA lakSaNa nahIM bntaa| sat kA lakSaNa to sAmAnya evaM vizeSa donoM saMyukta rUpa se hote haiM ataeva yadi koI eka naya alaga hokara vastu ke sampUrNa svarUpa ke pratipAdana kA dAvA kareM to vaha mithyAdRSTi hai / jaba ye donoM naya eka dUsare se nirapekSa hokara kevala svaviSaya ko hI sadrUpa se samajhane kA Agraha karate haiM, taba apane-apane grAhya eka-eka aMza meM sampUrNatA mAna lete haiM taba ye mithyArUpa hai parantu jaba ye donoM naya paraspara sApekSa rUpa se pravRtta hote haiM arthAt dUsare pratipakSI naya kA nirasana kiye binA usake viSaya meM mAtra taTastha rahakara jaba apane vaktavya kA pratipAdana karate haiM taba ve samyak kahe jAte haiM tamhA savve vi.NayA micchAdidvI sapakkhapaDibaddhA / ..aNNoNNaNissiyA uNa havaMti sammattasambhAvA / / nirapekSatA se avyavasthA - kisI bhI eka naya ke pakSa meM saMsAra, sukha-duHkha evaM mokSa ghaTita hI nahIM ho sakate / dravyAstika evaM paryAyAstika donoM naya ke nirapekSa viSaya meM saMsAra baMdhamokSa Adi ghaTita nahIM ho sakate kyoMki dravyAstika zAzvata yA nityavAdI hai tathA paryAyAstika uccheda yA nAzavAdI hai| siddhasena divAkara ne kahA hai Naya davvadriyapakkhe saMsAro Neva pjjvnnyss| .. sAsayaviyattivAyI jamhA uccheavaaiiyaa|| AcArya hemacandra ne bhI ekAnta meM ina doSoM kI udbhAvanA kI hai-naikAntavAdesukhaduHkhabhogau na puNyapApe na ca baMdhamokSau' udAharaNArtha yadi Atma tattva ko ekAnta nitya athavA ekAnta kSaNika mAne to usameM saMsAra duHkha-sukha Adi kucha bhI ghaTita nahIM ho sktaa| ataH donoM naya sApekSa rUpa se hI satya ke pratipAdaka ho sakate haiN| ratnoM kA hArapanA jaise satra meM piroye jAne para viziSTa prakAra kI yojanA para avalambita hai vaise hI nayavAda kI yathArthatA unakI paraspara apekSA para avalambita hai| naya kI maryAdA pratyeka naya kI maryAdA apane-apane viSaya kA pratipAdana karane taka sImita hai . jaba taka ve apanI maryAdA meM rahate haiM taba taka yathArtha hai evaM apanI maryAdA kA atikramaNa
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________________ 114 / ArhatI-dRSTi : karate hI ayathArtha bana jAte haiN| saba, saba prakAra se sarvadA jo bheda rahita ho vaha dravyAstika kA vaktavya hai aura vibhAga yA bheda kA prArambha hote hI vaha paryAyAstika ke vaktavya kA mArga bana jAtA hai davaTThiyakttavvaM savvaM sabveNa NiccamaviyappaM / Araddho ya vibhAgo pajjavavattavvabhaggo y|| jagat bhedAbheda ubhayarUpa hai| abheda taka dravyAstika kI maryAdA hai bheda paryAyAstika kA viSaya hai| sabhI naya apane-apane vaktavya meM satya haiM jaba ve dUsare kA nirAkaraNa karate haiM taba mithyA ho jAte haiM ataH anekAnta zAstra kA jJAtA una nayoM kA 'ye sacce haiM aura ye jhUThe haiM' aisA vibhAga nahIM karatA NiyayavayaNijjasaccA savvanayA paraviyAlaNe mohaa| te uNa Na didusamao vibhayai sacce va alie vaa||. . naya dezanA kI phalazruti dravyAstika naya sthira tattva ko svIkAra karatA hai| usake anusAra AtmA karma kA baMdha karatA hai tathA usakA phala bhI bhogatA hai| 'davvavadviyassa AyA baMdhai kammaM phalaM ca veedd|' dravyAstika naya kI dRSTi se jo karatA hai vahI nizcita rUpa se phala bhogatA hai| 'davvaTThiyassa jo ceva kuNai so ceva veyae nniymaa|' . isake viparIta paryAyArthika naya ke anusAra mAtra utpatti hotI hai na to koI baMdha karatA hai aura na koI phala bhogatA hai 'bIyassa bhAvamettaM Na kuNai Na ya koi veei|' paryAyAstika to yahA~ taka kahatA hai ki anya karatA hai tathA usakA paribhoga anya hI karatA hai 'aNNo karei aNNo paribhujaMipajjavaNayassa / ' jaina dRSTi ke anusAra donoM naya kI sApekSa dezanA hI samyak hai ataH dravyArthika evaM paryAyArthika donoM naya sammilita rUpa se hI vastu vyAkhyA kara sakate haiM / AcArya
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________________ dravyArthika evaM paryAyArthikanaya / 115 siddhasena ne kahA hai ki donoM naya kI saMyukta vaktavyatA svasamaya arthAt jaina dRSTi hai tathA nirapekSatA se kathana tIrthakaroM kI AsAtanA hai| je vayaNijjaviyappA saMjujjantesu hoMti eesu| sA sasamayapaNNavaNA titthayarAsAyaNA aNNA / upasaMhAra naya siddhAnta kI samucita avagati evaM vyavasthA ke dvArA tattva mImAMsIya AcArazAstrIya, sAmAjika, rAjanaitika Adi sabhI prakAra kI samasyAoM kA samyak samAdhAna prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / vivAda vahAM upasthita hotA hai jaba yaha kahA jAye 'I am right you are wrong' kintu jaba paraspara eka-dUsare kI apekSA dRSTi ko samajha liyA jAtA hai taba virodha yA vivAda svataH samAhita ho jAtA hai ataH nayavAda kA upayoga mAtra saiddhAntika kSetra meM hI nahIM hai kintu jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM usakI atyanta upayogitA hai|
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________________ vyaJjanaparyAya aura arthaparyAya jaina darzana ke anusAra sampUrNa prameya jagat dravyaparyAyAtmaka hai / pramANa kA viSaya ubhayAtmaka vastu hai / AcArya hemacandra ne pramANa-mImAMsA meM pramANa ke viSaya ko prastuta karate hue kahA 'dravyaparyAyAtmakaM vastu pramANasya vissyH|' pratyeka padArtha bhedAbhedarUpa hai / abheda dravyArthika naya kA tathA bheda paryAyArthika naya kA viSaya hai / dravya vastu ke dhauvyAtmaka svarUpa kI avagati detA hai, tathA paryAya vastu ke utpAda-vyayAtmaka svarUpa ko prastuta karatA hai / bheda ke binA vyavahAra kA saMcAlana nahIM ho sakatA / vyavahAra jagat meM vastu kA bhedAtmaka svarUpa adhika sphUTa hotA hai / vastu meM bheda saMkSepa se do prakAra kA hotA hai-vyaJjananiyata aura arthniyt| sanmatitarkaprakaraNa meM isa tathya ko abhivyakta karate hue kahA gayA ___ 'jo uNa samAsao cciya vaMjaNaNiao ya atthaNiao y|' vyaJjananiyata vibhAga zabda sApekSa hotA hai tathA arthaniyata vibhAga zabda nirapekSa hotA hai| arthaniyaMta vibhAga zabda kA vAcya nahIM bana sktaa| ___ vastu ke zabda niyata vyavahAra ko vyaJjana paryAya evaM arthaniyata vyavahAra ko arthaparyAya kahA jAtA hai| jaina-siddhAnta-dIpikA meM vyaJjana paryAya ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA 'sthUlaH kAlAntarasthAyI zabdAnAM saMketaviSayo vyaJjanaparyAyaH / ' vastu kA sthUla evaM kAlAntara sthAyI jo bheda zabda kA vAcya bana sakatA hai, vaha vyaJjana paryAya hai / vastu ke sAmAnya svarUpa para kalpita ananta bhedoM kI paramparA meM jitanA sadRza pariNAma pravAha kisI bhI eka zabda kA vAcya banakara vyavahArya hotA hai, utanA vaha vastu kA sadRza pariNAma pravAha vyaJjana paryAya kahalAtA hai aura vastu kA jo pariNAma zabda kA viSaya nahIM banatA, anabhilApya rahatA hai, vaha arthaparyAya hai| jaina-siddhAnta-dIpikA meM artha-paryAya ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA 'sUkSmo vartamAnavI arthapariNAma: arthpryaayH|' .
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________________ vyaJjanaparyAya aura arthaparyAya / 117 pratyeka vastu meM pratikSaNa pariNamana ho rahA hai| vastu pratikSaNa navIna-navIna avasthAoM ko dhAraNa kara rahI hai, vaha parivartana itanA sUkSma hotA hai ki usako zabda apanA viSaya nahIM banA sakatA / vahI vartamAnavI vastu kA parivartana artha paryAya kahalAtA hai| sthUla udAharaNa ke dvArA vyaJjana evaM arthaparyAya ko samajhA jA sakatA hai / jaise cetana padArtha kA 'jIvatva' yaha sAmAnya svarUpa hai / usakI kAla, karma Adi upAdhikRta saMsAritva, manuSyatva, puruSatva Adi ananta bhedavAlI choTI-bar3I aneka paramparAeM haiN| unameM puruSa, puruSa jaisI samAna pratIti kA viSaya aura eka puruSa zabda kA pratipAdya jo sadRza paryAya pravAha hai, vaha vyaJjanaparyAya hai aura usa puruSarUpa sadRza pravAha meM jo sUkSmatama bheda haiM, ve arthaparyAya haiN| paryAya kA bhinnAbhinnatva __sanmati tarka-prakaraNa ke anusAra arthagata bheda abhinna haiM evaM vyaJjananizrita bheda bhinna evaM abhinna ubhayarUpa haiM 'atyagao ya abhiNNo bhaiyavvo vNjnnviyppo|' - arthAt vyaJjana paryAya ko bhinnAbhinna kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki puruSatva paryAya zabdavAcya sadaza pravAha kI dRSTi se yadyapi eka hai phira bhI usameM bAlya, yauvana Adi aneka bheda bhAsita hone se vaha bhedya bhI hai.| isI prakAra bAla-paryAya zabda vAcya sadRza pravAha ke rUpa meM eka hone se abhinna hone para bhI usameM tatkAlajanma, stanaghayatva Adi dUsare bhedoM ke kAraNa bhedya hone se vaha bhinna bhI hai| artha-paryAya ko abhinna kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki bhedoM kI paramparA meM jo bheda antima hone ke kAraNa abhedya hotA hai| vaha antima bheda yadyapi svayaM to dUsare kA aMza hai tathA anya bhedoM se bhinna hai kintu usameM anya koI bheda karane vAlA aMza nahIM hotA ataH vaha abhinna kahalAtA hai| vyaJjana paryAya puruSa rUpa meM janma se lekara maraNaparyanta taka puruSa zabda kA vAcya evaM sadRza pratIti kA jo viSaya banatA hai| usa jIva kA puruSarUpa sadRza pravAha vyaJjana paryAya hai| vyaJjana paryAya eka prakAra kA alpakAlIna sAmAnya hai| dravyarUpa sAmAnya trikAlavartI hotA hai / vyaJjana paryAya ko sthUla vyavahAra meM kucha kAla sthAyI sAmAnya kahA jA sakatA hai| puruSarUpa vyaJjana paryAya meM bAlya, yauvana, vRddhatva Adi aneka prakAra ke jo sthUla paryAya haiM ve saba puruSarUpa vyaJjana paryAya ke avAntara paryAya haiN|
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________________ 118 / ArhatI-dRSTi sanmati tarka meM kahA hai purisammi purisasaddo jammAI mrnnkaalpjjnto| tassa ubAlAIyA pajjavajoyA bahuviyappA / puruSarUpa vyaJjana paryAya ko ekAnta rUpa se abhinna nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki usake bAlya, yauvana Adi avAntara bheda hote haiM, arthAt puruSatva ina avAntara paryAyoM kA samudAya hai| ina avAntara paryAyoM ke abhAva meM puruSarUpa vyaJjana paryAya ghaTita nahIM ho sktii| sanmati tarka-prakaraNa meM puruSatva ko vyaJjana paryAya evaM usake bAlya, yauvana Adi bhedoM ko usa puruSarUpa vyaJjana paryAya ke arthaparyAya bhI kahA hai 'vaMjaNapajjAyassa u 'puriso' puriso ti nniccmviyppo| bAlAi viyapaM puNa pAsaI se atypjjaao| yaha anubhavagamya satya hai ki eka hI vastu meM nirvikalpa arthAt abhinna aura savikalpa arthAt bhinna buddhi hotI hai / jaba 'puruSa' isa prakAra kI nirvikalpa buddhi usake bAre meM paidA hotI hai, taba usakA viSaya puruSa paryAya rUpa eka abhinna vyaJjana paryAya hai aura usI puruSa meM puruSa pratIti ke samaya jo bAla Adi aneka vikalpa/bheda dikhAI dete haiM ve saba puruSarUpa vyaJjanaparyAya ke arthaparyAya haiN| paryAya meM saptabhaMgI kI yojanA . ___ artha evaM vyaJjana paryAya meM saptabhaMgI kI yojanA bhI 'sanmati tarka' meM kI gayI hai / artha-paryAya meM saptabhaMgI ke sAtoM vikalpa ghaTita ho sakate haiM kintu vyaJjana paryAya meM prathama do athavA adhika-se-adhika asti-nAsti kramavAlA bhaMga aura ghaTita ho sakatA hai| usameM sAtoM bhaMga ghaTita nahIM ho sakate kyoMki vyaJjana paryAya zabda sApekSa hai / vaktavya evaM avaktavya yukta asti-nAsti meM zabda nirapekSatA hai / kahA hai ki evaM sattaviyappo vayaNapaho hoi atthpjjaae| vaMjaNapajjAe uNa saviyappo Nibviyappo ya / / . vyaJjana paryAya ko vyakta evaM arthaparyAya ko avyakta paryAya bhI kahA jAtA hai| svabhAva paryAya evaM vibhAva paryAya ke abhidhAna se kramazaH arthaparyAya evaM vyaJjanaparyAya ko abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| sanmati tarka prakaraNa meM vyaJjana evaM arthaparyAya se sambandhita UhApoha vistArapUrvaka huA hai, jo gambhIra evaM mananIya hai|
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________________ dvAdazAra nayacakra meM naya kA vizleSaNa vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai| usakI anantadharmAtkatA jJAna kA viSaya to bana sakatI hai kintu yugapat vacana kA viSaya nahIM bana sktii| jJAna zakti asIma hai| zabda zakti sasIma hai / isa zakti-bheda ke kAraNa vastu kI vyAkhyA vibhinna prakAra se hotI hai| vastu ke ina vibhinna dharmoM ke vyaJjakoM kA nAma hI naya hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra nayoM kI koI nizcita saMkhyA nahIM hai| AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne sanmati tarka-prakaraNa meM kahA hai jAvaiyA vayaNapahA tAvaiyA ceva hoMti nyvaayaa| jAvaiyA NayavAyA tAvaiyA ceva prsmyaa|| sa. 3/47 . jitane vacana ke prakAra haiM utane hI nayavAda haiM, phira bhI nayoM kI isa vistRta saMkhyA kA saMkSepa do, pAMca aura sAta nayoM ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai| ___ jaina AgamoM ke gambhIra adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki Agama kI vyAkhyA paddhati nayAtmaka hai, pramANAtmaka nahIM hai / naya paddhati prAcIna hai| pramANa svIkRti kI paramparA arvAcIna hai| sambhava aisA lagatA hai ki AryarakSita (vi. 52, janma) se hI pramANa kA svIkaraNa evaM vivecana jaina dArzanika yuga meM huA hai / nayoM kI saMkhyA, svarUpa Adi ke sandarbha meM bhI samaya-samaya para aneka prakAra kA vicAra-vimarza jainAcAryoM ne kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se bhagavatI, tattvArthasUtra, sanmati tarka-prakaraNa Adi grantha draSTavya hai / prastuta nibandha kA vivecya viSaya AcArya mallavAdI ke dvAdazAra nayacakra se sambandhita hai ataH isI sandarbha meM vicAra-vimarza prAsaMgika hai| dvAdazAra nayacakra granthakAra kI grantha ke nAma nirdhAraNa kI yojanA advitIya evaM apUrva hai| cakra ke mAdhyama se sampUrNa viSaya-vastu ko vyAkhyAyita karane kA stutya prayAsa AcArya mallavAdI kI utkRSTa medhA kA dyotaka hai / tatkAlIna sampUrNa darzanoM kA samAhAra tathA anekAnta kI varIyatA kA dyotana bhI cakra ke mAdhyama se spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita ho . jAtA hai|
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________________ 120 / ArhatI-dRSTi AcArya mallavAdI utkRSTa koTi ke jaina dArzanika the / haribhadra ne unakA vAdimukhya ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai 'uktaM ca vAdimukhyena mallavAdinA' kalikAla sarvajJa AcArya hemacandra ne siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana kI vRhadavRtti meM utkRSTe'nUpena sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM anumallavAdinaM tArkikAH' kahakara eka mahAn tArkika ke rUpa meM unakA smaraNa kiyA hai| AcArya mallavAdI diGnAga ke samakAlIna hai| unakA samaya vidvAnoM ne I. 345 arthAt vikrama saMvat sa. 402 se 482 taka kA svIkAra kiyA hai| 'naya vicAra vikAsa ke krama meM mallavAdI kA abhUtapUrva yogadAna hai / nayacakra meM nayoM kA jo vivecana prApta hotA hai vaisA anyatra upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| AcArya mallavAdI nayoM kI isa paramparA ko pUrvo kI paramparA taka le jAte haiN| unhoMne svayaM apane grantha kA sambandha pUrva ke sAtha jor3A hai| isa sandarbha meM nimna gAthA mahattvapUrNa 'vidhiniymbhnggaavRttivytirikttvaadnrthkvcovt| jainAdanyacchAsanamanRtaM . bhavatIti vaidhrmym| ' AcArya mallavAdI ne isa gAthA kA avalambana leMkara sampUrNa dvAdazAra nayacakra kI racanA kI hai tathA isa gAthA ko pUrva se uddhRta mAnate haiN| aisA ullekha svayaM unake hI grantha meM prApta hai--pUrvamahodadhi samutpatitanayaprAbhRta taraGgAgama pramraSTazliSTakaNikamAtra nayacakrakrAkhyaM saMkSiptArtha gAthA sUtram'. isa kathana se yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha gAthA pUrva-sambandhI nayaprAbhRta kI eka prAcIna gAthA hai / isa gAthA se sambandhita kiMvadantI bhI pracalita hai / zAsanadevI se AcArya mallavAdI ko varadAna prApta huA thA ki isa eka gAthA ke AdhAra para tuma naye nayavakra kI racanA kara skoge| aisA ullekha bhadrezvarasUrikRta kahAvalI, AmradevasUrikRta AkhyAna maNikoza TIkA prabhAcandra sUrikRta prabhAvaka caritra Adi aneka granthoM meM prApta hotA hai| vidhiniyamabhaGgA isa gAthA ke AdhAra para nayoM kA sambandha pUrva-paramparA se jur3a jAtA hai / pUrva-paramparA sabase prAcIna hai, ataH vidhiniyama evaM ubhaya isa prakAra kA nayoM kA vargIkaraNa dravyArthika, paryAyArthika aura naigama Adi se bhI prAcIna ho jAtA hai kinta granthakAra ne svayaM ina bAraha nayoM kA samAhAra do evaM sAta nayoM meM kiyA hai| isase anumAna hotA hai ki uparyukta gAthA bhale hI pUrvo se sambandhita ho kintu AgamakAla meM nayoM kI vyavasthA kA sarvamAnya parivartana ho cukA thA ataH AcArya mallavAdI bhI
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________________ dvAdazAra nayacakra meM naya kA vizleSaNa / 121 12 nayoM kA samAhAra pracalita nayoM meM karate haiN| vidhi Adi nayoM ke dvArA AcArya mallavAdI ne cintana vikAsa kA eka abhinava prArUpa prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne ina nayoM ke mAdhyama se tatkAlIna sampUrNa dArzanika vicAroM ko eka sthAna para gumphita kara diyA hai / naya nirUpaNa ke dvArA ekAntavAda kA nirasana tathA anekAntavAda kI pratiSThA nayacakra kA mukhya viSaya hai| nayacakra meM vidhi Adi naya sabase pahale parapakSa kA nirasana karake svapakSa kI sthApanA meM pravRta hote haiN| para pakSa kA jo nirasanAtmaka aMza hai vahI dvAdaza aroM kA paraspara antara hai| ratha ke cakra meM nAnAvayavayoM se nemi banatI hai, vaise hI yahAM para cAra-cAra aroM se nemi banatI hai| dvAdaza aravAlA yaha nayacakra trimArgAtmaka hai| mArga nemi paryAyavAcI zabda hai| mArgonemirityanarthAntarama / prastuta nayacakra meM tIna aMza meM vibhakta nemi kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| pratyeka aMza ko mArga kahA gayA hai| mArga ke tIna bheda karane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki prathama nemi ke cAra aravidhibhaMga dvitIya nemi ke cAra ubhaya bhaMga evaM tRtIya nemi ke cAra niyama bhaMga hote haiN| jaise ara nemi se asambaddha ho jAne para apanA-apanA kArya karane meM asamartha ho jAte haiM ThIka vaise hI vidhi Adi 12 ara syAdvAda rUpI. nami se asambaddha hone para apane astitva ko hI samApta kara dete haiM tathA usase saMyukta hokara sampUrNa kAryoM ke sAdhaka hote haiN| nayacakra meM vastutaH jainetara matoM ko hI naya ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| uttarapakSa ke dvArA pUrvapakSa kA nirAkaraNa hI nahIM kintu pUrvapakSa meM jo guNa haiM unake svIkAra kI ora bhI nirdeza diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra uttarottara jainetara matoM ko hI naya mAnakara samagra grantha kI racanA huI hai| jaina darzana kI sarvanayAtmakatA ko siddha kiyA gayA hai| AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne sanmati tarka prakaraNa meM kahA hai bhaI micchAdasaNasamUhamaiyassa amysaarss| jiNavayaNassa bhagavao saMviggasuhAhigammassa / / nayacakra meM sAre hI naya pUrva-pUrva naya mata ko dUSita karake apane-apane svamata kI pratiSThA meM kramazaH pravRta hote haiN| nayacakra meM isI rUpa se viSayavastu kA prArambha huA hai| mallavAdI ne vidhi Adi 12 nayoM kI kalpanA kI hai ataeva nayacakra kA dUsarA nAma dvAdazAra nayacakra bhI hai| ve 12 naya nimna haiM 1. vidhi
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________________ 122 / ArhatI-dRSTi 2. vidhi-vidhi (vidhividhiH) 3. vidhyubhayam (vidhervidhizca niyamazca) 4. vidhiniyamaH (vidheniyamaH) 5. ubhayam (vidhizca niyamazca) 6. ubhayavidhiH (vidhiniyamayovidhiH) 7. ubhayobhayam (vidhi niyamayovidhiniyamau) 8. ubhayaniyamaH (vidhiniyamayorniyamaH) 9. niyamaH / 10. niyamavidhiH (niyamasya vidhiH) 11. niyamobhayam (niyamasya vidhiniyamau) 12. niyama-niyamaH (niyamasya niyamaH) nayacakra naya-viSayaka grantha hone para bhI usameM naigama Adi nayoM kA ullekha nahIM hai apitu vidhi Adi 12 nayoM kA varNana hai / AcArya mallavAdI ne bAraha meM se prathama 6 ko dravyArthika tathA zeSa 6 ko paryAyArthika svIkAra kiyA hai| naigama Adi sAta nayoM meM bhI inakA samAhAra AcArya ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai / prathama vidhinaya kA vyavahAra meM 2-4 kA saMgraha 5-6 kA naigama 7ve kA RjusUtra 8-9 kA zabdanaya 10veM kA samabhirUDha tathA 11-12 kA evaMbhUta naya meM samAveza hotA hai| vidhi ke ekAdhika artha nayacakra meM upalabdha hote haiN,| 'vidhisAcAraH' AcAra ko vidhi kahA gayA hai / anapekSitavyAvRti bhedArthodravyArtho vidhiH" jisameM bheda kI kalpanA hI nahIM hotI vaha dravyArtha vidhi hai| sAmAnya-dravya-kAraNaM vidhiH ye vidhi ke hI artha haiN| niyama vizeSa, paryAya evaM kArya ko kahA gayA hai| paryAyArthatastu niymH| vyavahAra kA saMcAlana vidhi se hotA hai, usameM phira niyama upasthita ho jAtA hai / nayacakra meM pUrva naya apane mata kI sthApanA karatA hai / tatkAla uttaravartI naya apane pUrvavartI kA nirAsa karake apanI pratiSThA karatA hai| yaha cakra anta taka calatA rahatA hai| 1. prathama vidhinaya vedavAdI mImAMsakoM ke mata kA utthAna karatA hai / vyavahAra kA saMcAlana vidhi se hotA hai / isa naya ke anusAra jIvana yAtrA ke nirvAha ke lie loka pracalita vastu kA svIkaraNa ucita hai| sAmAnya, vizeSa kAraNa se kArya sat kAraNa meM kArya asat Adi alaukika zAstroM ke matoM kA nirAsa karake kriyA kA vidhAna karanevAle zAstroM kI hI arthavattA ko svIkAra karatA hai| sAmAnya vizeSa Adi loka tattvoM ko prathamataH to jAnanA hI azakya hai tathA jAna lene para bhI unase koI
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________________ dvAdazAra nayacakra meM naya kA vizleSaNa / 123 prayojana kI siddhi nahIM hotii| ataH ina sabakA jJAna nirarthaka hai| yaha naya ajJAnavAda kA utthAna karatA hai| kisI puruSa vizeSa ke lie atIndriya tattvoM ko prathamataH to jAnanA hI azakya hai tathA jAna lene para bhI unase koI prayojana kI siddhi nahIM hotii| ataH ina sabakA jJAna nirarthaka hai / yaha naya ajJAnavAda kA utthAna karatA hai / koI puruSa vizeSa atIndriya tattvoM kA jJAtA nahIM ho sakatA hai ataH veda vAkyoM se hI jJAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / vidhi vAkyoM ko hI yaha pramANa rUpa mAnatA hai / AcArya mallavAdI ne isa naya kA utsa jina-pravacana meM bhagavatI sUtra ke AyA bhante ! NANe aNNANe pATha ko svIkAra kiyA hai| mallavAdI kA mAnanA hai ki Agama meM prApta dArzanika bIjoM kA prasphuTana evaM anukaraNa hI anya darzanoM kA astitva hai| 2. vidhinaya ke abhyupagama ke doSa ko upadarzita karatA huA dUsarA vidhi vidhinaya samutthita hotA hai| isakA mAnanA hai ki yadi loka tattva sarvathA ajJeya hI hai to sAmAnya vizeSa Adi ekAntavAdoM kA nirAkaraNa kisa AdhAra para kiyA gayA kyoMki jAne binA nirAsa hotA nahIM tathA jAna lene se nirAkaraNa karane para svavacana virodha paidA hotA hai| agnihotraM juhUyAt svargakAmaH' ityAdi vAkya ajJAnavAda ke kAraNa vidhi vAkya ke rUpa meM bhI siddha nahIM ho sakate haiN| isa prakAra pUrva ara meM pratipAdita ajJAnavAda aura kriyopadeza kA nirAkaraNa karake puruSArthAdvaitavAda kI sthApanA kI gayI hai| phira kramazaH eka dUsare kA nirAsa karate hue, kAla, svabhAva, niyati Adi sAre hI advaitavAdoM kA antarbhAva isa naya meM ho jAtA hai| - 3. vidhyubhaya ara meM advaitavAda ko nirAsa karake prathamataH to sAMkhya ke prakRti puruSarUpa dvaita kI sthApanA kI hai| isI ara meM sAMkhya ke pradhAna kAraNatva meM doSa kA udbhAvana hone se usakA nirAsa ho jAtA hai| taba isI ara meM Izvara adhiSThita dvaitavAda kI sthApanA kI gayI hai| tathA isa naya kA sambandha AcArya ne ThANaM evaM paNNavaNA ke vAkyoM se jor3A hai / 'loeti pavuccati', 'jIvA ceva ajIvA ceva jIva paNNavaNA ajIva pnnnnvnnaa|' ___4. caturtha vidhi niyama ara meM IzvaravAda kA nirAsa karake karmavAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| karma puruSakRta hai| karma ke kAraNa puruSa kI nAnA avasthAeM hotI haiM ataH ve paraspara sApekSa haiN| donoM meM aikya hai| isa tarka ke AdhAra para 'sarvaM sarvAtmakaM' siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai tathA usake samarthana meM 'je egaM NAme se bahunAme' isa AcArAMga sUtra ke vAkya ko uddhRta kiyA hai| 5. paMcama (ubhayam) ara meM caturtha ara meM pratipAdita 'sarvaM dravyamAtram' abhyupagama . kA nirAkaraNa karake mAtra dravya hI bhAva rUpa nahIM hai apitu kriyA bhI bhAva rUpa hai|
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________________ 124 / ArhatI-dRSTi isa naya kA tAtparya yaha hai ki dravya aura kriyA kA tAdAtmya nahIM hai| 'dravyaM bhavati kriyApi bhavati' isa ara meM vaiyAkaraNa siddhAnta ko dhyAna meM rakhakara nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / yaha naigama naya ke antargata dravyArthika naya hai| 6. SaSTha ubhayavidhi ara meM dravya evaM kriyA ke abheda kA nirAsa karake vaizeSika mata ke anusAra dravya evaM kriyA ke bheda ko siddha kiyA gayA hai| 7. saptama ara meM vaizeSika sammata sattA, samavAya sambandha Adi kA nirAsa karake RjusUtra naya kA Azraya lekara bauddhoM ke apohavAda kI sthApanA kI gayI hai| 8. aSTama ara meM apohavAda kA khaNDana kareka vaiyAkaraNakAra bhartRhari ke mata kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai tathA tatpazcAt zabdAdvaita ke viruddha jJAna pakSa ko sthApita kiyA hai| pravRtti nivRtti jJAna ke binA sambhava nahIM hai / zabda to jJAna kA upajIvI hai ataH jJAna hI pradhAna hai / jJAna nirviSayaka nahIM hotA ataH jJAna ke viruddha sthApanA nikSepa kA utthAna hai| 9. navama ara meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki vastu ko na to sAmAnyaikAnta kahA jA sakatA hai na vizeSaikAnta vaha avaktavya hai| yaha naya zabda naya ke antargata hai| 10. dazama ara meM avaktavyavAda kA nirAsa karake samabhirUr3ha naya kA Azraya lekara bauddha dRSTi ke anusAra dravyotpatti guNarUpa hai anya kuMcha nahIM / milinda prazna meM kahA gayA hai ratha kucha nahIM rathAMgoM kA samUha mAtra hai| 11. ekAdazama ara meM sampUrNa padArthoM kI kSaNikatA ko siddha kiyA gayA hai| 12. bArahaveM ara meM zUnyavAda kI sthApanA kI gayI hai| prathama vidhinaya mImAMsaka darzana kA samarthana karatA hai usakA nirAsa karate hue dUsarA naya puruSAdvaita kA samarthana karatA hai tathA phira kramazaH eka-dUsare kA nirAsa karate hae kAla, svabhAva, niyati Adi sAre advaitoM kI samIkSA karatA hai| tIsarA advaita kA nirAkaraNa karake dvaitavAda kI sthApanA karatA hai| cauthA Izvara adhiSThita dvaitavAda kA nirAkaraNa karake karmavAda kI sthApanA dvArA sarvAtmakatA kA kathana karatA hai| pAMcavAM kahatA hai dravya kI taraha kriyA bhI bhAva rUpa hai| unameM tAdAtmya hai| vaiyAkaraNa mata kA samarthana SaSTha vaizeSika mata ke anusAra dravya kriyA ke bheda ko prastuta karatA hai| sAtaveM meM apohavAda kA samarthana hai / AThaveM meM zabda, jJAna, sthApanA, nikSepa Adi kA vivecana hai| nauveM ne vastu ko avaktavya mAnA hai / dazaveM ne dravyotpatti ko guNa rUpa mAnA hai / gyArahaveM ne sampUrNa padArthoM kI kSaNikatA evaM bArahaveM ne zUnyatA ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai|
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________________ dvAdazAra nayacakra meM naya kA vizleSaNa / 125 . AcArya mallavAdI ne kahA ki vAdoM kA yaha cakra calatA hI rahatA hai| ataH anekAnta kA avalambana Avazyaka hai| anekAnta kA Azraya lekara hI vastu tattva kA samyag vyAkhyAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| anekAnta cintana kI prakriyA ko avaruddha nahIM karatA kintu use eka khulA vAtAyana pradAna karatA hai / anekAnta ke sandarbha meM AcArya mallavAdI ne cintana-prakriyA kA eka navIna prArUpa prastuta kiyA hai| anekAnta ke Aloka meM hI dArzanika samasyAoM kA samucita samAdhAna ho sakatA hai / aneka darzanoM ke pariprekSya meM isa saccAI ko anubhUta kiyA jA sakatA hai / advaita vedAnta brahma tattva ke pratipAdana ke bAda jagata kI vyAkhyA karatA hai to mAyAvAda ke rUpa meM anekAnta kA hI Azraya letA hai| sAMkhya darzana meM yaha svIkRta kiyA gayA hai ki prakRti puruSa ke sadRza bhI haiM aura visadRza bhI hai spaSTa rUpa se yaha anekAnta kA udAharaNa hai| bauddha darzana bhI kahatA hai ki paryAya na to zAzvata hai na usakA sarvathA uccheda hai| pratItyasamutpAda ke rUpa meM anekAnta kI svIkRti hai / ataH yaha spaSTa rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai / vastu vyavasthA meM anekAnta siddhAnta kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| dvAdazAra nayacakra ke mAdhyama se AcArya mallavAdI ne isI satya ko ujAgara karane kA prayalaM kiyA hai| nayacakra mUlarUpa meM prApta nahIM hai kintu siMhasUrigaNikRta nyAyAgamAnusAriNI TIkA ke rUpa meM hI upalabdha hai| yaha grantha tatkAlIna sampUrNa darzanoM ke svarUpa jJAna ke lie atyanta upayogI hai| sAMkhya, naiyAyika, vaizeSika, mImAMsaka, advaita, bauddha, bhartRhari, SaDaMgayoga, pANinIya, yAska Adi ke pATha nayacakra meM uddhRta haiM / bhAguri, saunAga, carakasaMhitA ke pATha bhI isameM uddhRta hai| ataH yaha grantha darzana adhyetAoM evaM itihAsavetAoM kI naI avadhAraNA meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA adA kara sakatA hai / apekSA hai isa grantha ke naye-naye tathya vidvajjana janatA ke samakSa prastuta kreN|
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________________ nikSepavAda vyavahAra jagat meM bhASA kI anivAryatA hai| bhASA ke abhAva meM vyavahAra kA saMvahana duSkara hai kintu bhASA kI apanI kucha sImAeM haiM, vivazatAeM haiM / phalasvarUpa vaktA apane abhilaSita ko abhivyaJjita karane meM asamarthatA kA anubhava karatA hai| bhASA evaM vaktA kI ina samasyAoM kA samAdhAna jaina paramparA meM nikSepa-vyavasthA ke dvArA karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| vastu svarUpataH ananta dharmAtmaka hai| usa ananta dharmAtmaka vastu kA avabodha pramANa evaM naya ke dvArA prApta hotA hai / prameya-bodha pramANa evaM naya donoM ke dvArA hI hotA hai / pramANa evaM naya ke viSayabhUta jIva Adi padArthoM kA nAma, sthApanA, dravya evaM bhAva ina cAra nikSepoM se nyAsa kiyA jAtA hai / tattvArtha sUtra meM kahA gayA- . 'nAmasthApanAdravyabhAvatastanyAsaH' vastu ke samyak sambodha meM pramANa, naya evaM nikSepa kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / inake binA samyak prameya vyavasthA ho hI nahIM sktii| nikSepa kI AvazyakatA vyavahAra jagat meM bhASA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / jahAM paraspara eka-dUsare se saMvAda sthApita karanA hotA hai vahA~ zabda atyanta apekSita hai aura eka hI zabda ekAdhika vastu evaM unakI avasthAoM ke jJApaka hone se unake prayoga meM bhrama kI sthiti paidA ho jAtI hai, vastu kA yathArtha bodha duruha ho jAtA hai / nikSepa ke dvArA bhASA-prayoga kI usa durUhatA kA saralIkaraNaM ho jAtA hai / nikSepa bhASA prayoga kI nirdoSa praNAlI hai / nikSepa ke rUpa meM jaina paramparA kA bhASA jagat ko mahattvapUrNa avadAna hai| . nikSepa kI paribhASA nikSepa jaina darzana kA pAribhASika zabda hai / nikSepa kA paryAyavAcI zabda nyAsa hai jisakA prayoga tattvArthasUtra meM huA hai / nyAso nikSepaH / nikSepa kI jaina granthoM meM aneka paribhASAeM upalabdha haiM / vRhad nayacakra meM nikSepa ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA juttI sujuttamagge jaM caubhayeNa hoi khalu tthvnnN| . vaje sadi NAmAdisu taM NikkhevaM have samaye // .
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________________ nikSepavAda / 127 yuktipUrvaka prayojana yukta nAma Adi cAra bheda se vastu ko sthApita karanA nikSepa hai| dhavalA meM nikSepa ko paribhASita karate hue kahA-'saMzayaviparyaye anadhyavasAye vA sthitastebhyo'pasArya nizcaye kSipatIti nikSepaH' saMzaya, viparyaya evaM anadhyavasAya meM sthita vastu ko unase haTAkara nizcaya meM sthApita karanA nikSepa hai arthAt nikSepa vastu ko nizcayAtmakatA evaM nirNAyakatA ke sAtha prastuta karatA hai / jaina siddhAnta dIpikA meM bhI yahI bhAva abhivyaJjita hai-'zabdeSu vizeSaNabalena pratiniyatArthapratipAdanazaktenikSepaNaM nikSepaH' zabdoM meM vizeSaNa ke dvArA pratiniyata artha kA pratipAdana karane kI zakti nihita karane ko nikSepa kahA jAtA hai| nikSepa padArtha aura zabda prayoga kI saMgati kA sUtradhAra hai / nikSepa bhAva aura bhASA, vAcya aura vAcaka kI sambandha paddhati hai| saMkSepa meM, zabda aura artha kI prAsaMgika sambandha saMyojanA ko nikSepa kahA jA sakatA hai| nikSepa ke dvArA padArtha kI sthiti ke anurUpa zabda saMyojanA kA nirdeza prApta hotA hai / nikSepa savizeSaNa susambaddha bhASA kA prayoga hai| nikSepa kA lAbha pratyeka zabda meM asaMkhya arthoM ko dyotita karane kI zakti hotI hai. eka hI zabda ke aneka artha hote haiN| vaha aneka vAcyoM kA vAcaka bana sakatA hai, aisI sthiti meM vastu ke avabodha meM bhrama ho sakatA hai| nikSepa ke dvArA aprastuta artha ko dUra kara prastuta artha kA bodha karAyA jAtA hai / aprastuta kAM apAkaraNa evaM prastuta kA prakaTIkaraNa hI nikSepa kA phala hai / laghIyastrayI meM yahI bhAva abhivyajita hue haiM 'aprastutArthApAkaraNAt prastutArthavyAkaraNAcca nikSepaH phlvaan|' nikSepa ke bheda padArtha ananta dharmAtmaka hai ataH vistAra meM jAyeM to kahanA hogA ki vastuvinyAsa ke jitane prakAra haiM utane hI nikSepa ke bheda hai kintu saMkSepa meM cAra nikSepoM kA nirdeza prApta hotA hai| anuyogadvAra meM bhI kahA gayA hai 'jatya yajaM jANejjA nikkhevaM nikkhive nirvsesN| jatva vi ya na jANejjA caukkagaM nikkhive ttv| jahA~ jitane nikSepa jJAta hoM vahAM una sabhI kA upayoga kiyA jAye aura jahAM adhika nikSepa jJAta na hoM vahAM kama se kama nAma, sthApanA, dravya evaM bhAva ina cAra nikSepoM kA prayoga avazya karanA caahie| padArtha kA koI na koI nAma tathA AkAra hotA hai tathA usake bhUta, bhAvI evaM
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________________ 128 / AItI-dRSTi vartamAna paryAya hote haiM ataH nikSepa catuSTayI svata: phalita ho jAtI hai / padArtha ke nAma ke AdhAra para nAma nikSepa, AkAra ke AdhAra para sthApanA, bhUta, bhAvI paryAya ke AdhAra para dravya evaM vartamAna paryAya ke AdhAra para bhAva nikSepa kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai| nikSepa kAlpanika nahIM hai apitu vastu ke svarUpa para AdhArita yathArtha haiN| nAma Adi cAroM nikSepoM kA saMkSipta vivecana yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| . 1. nAma-nikSepa vastu kA icchAnusAra abhidhAna kiyA jAtA hai, vaha nAma nikSepa hai| nAma mUla artha se sApekSa yA nirapekSa donoM prakAra kA ho sakatA hai, kinta jo nAmakaraNa saMketamAtra se hotA hai, jisameM jAti, guNa, dravya, kriyA, lakSaNa Adi nimittoM kI apekSA nahIM hotI hai, vaha nAma nikSepa hai| eka anakSara vyakti kA nAma adhyApaka rakha diyaa| eka garIba kA nAma lakSmIpati rakha diyaa| adhyApaka aura lakSmIpati kA jo artha honA cAhie vaha unameM nahIM milatA isalie ye nAma nikSipta kahalAte haiN| nAma nikSepa meM zabda ke artha kI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai| jaina siddhAnta dIpikA meM nAma nikSepa ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA--'tadarthanirapekSaM saMjJAkarma nAma' mUla zabda ke artha kI apekSA na rakhanevAle saMjJAkaraNa ko nAma nikSepa kahA jAtA hai| jaise'anakSarasya upAdhyAya iti naam'| - 2. sthApanA-nikSepa-padArtha kA AkArAzrita vyavahAra sthApanA nikSepa hai / mUla artha se zUnya vastu ko usI abhiprAya se sthApita karane ko sthApanA nikSepa kahA jAtA hai- 'tarthazUnyasya tadabhiprAyeNa pratiSThApanaM sthApanA' arthAt jo artha tadpa nahIM hai usako tadpa mAna lenA sthApanA nikSepa hai| jaise 'upAdhyAyapratikRtiH sthaapnopaadhyaayH'| sthApanA sadbhAva evaM asadbhAva ke bheda se do prakAra kI hotI hai ataH sthApanA nikSepa bhI do prakAra kA ho jAtA hai (1) sadbhAva sthApanA--eka vyakti apane guru ke citra ko guru mAnatA hai| yaha sadbhAva sthApanA hai--'mukhyAkArasamAnA sdbhaavsthaapnaa'| (2) asadbhAva sthApanA--eka vyakti ne zaMkha Adi meM apane guru kA Aropa kara liyA, yaha asadbhAva sthApanA hai--'tadAkArazUnyA caasdbhaav-sthaapnaa'| nAma aura sthApanA donoM vAstavika artha se zUnya hote haiN| nAma aura sthApanA meM antara yaha hai ki jisakI sthApanA hotI hai usakA nAma avazya hotA hai kintu nAma nikSipta kI sthApanA honA Avazyaka nahIM hai|
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________________ nikSepavAda / 129 3. dravyanikSepa-padArtha kA bhUta evaM bhAvI paryAyAzrita vyavahAra tathA anupayoga avasthAgata vyavahAra dravya nikSepa hai-'bhUtabhAvikAraNasya anupayogo vA dravyam' atIta-avasthA, bhaviSyat-avasthA evaM anupayoga dazA-ye tInoM vivakSita kriyA meM pariNata nahIM hote haiM, isalie inheM dravya nikSepa kahA jAtA hai| ___ jo vyakti pahale upAdhyAya raha cukA hai athavA bhaviSya meM upAdhyAya bananevAlA hai, vaha dravya upAdhyAya hai / anupayoga dazA meM kI jAnevAlI kriyA bhI dravyakriyA hai| dravya zabda kA prayoga apradhAna artha meM bhI hotA hai, jaise-AcAra guNa zUnya hone se aMgAramardaka ko dravyAcArya kahA jAtA hai| ___ anuyogadvAra meM dravya nikSepa ke do prakAra batAe gaye haiM-AgamataH evaM no aagmtH| (1) AgamataH dravya nikSepa-'jIvAdipadArthajJo'pi tatrA'nupayuktaH' |koii vyakti jIva viSayaka athavA anya kisI vastu kA jJAtA hai kintu vartamAna meM usa upayoga se rahita hai use Agamata: dravya nikSepa kahA jAtA hai| .. (2) noAgamataH dravyanikSepa-Agama dravya kI AtmA kA usake zarIra meM Aropa karake usa jIva ke zarIra ko hI jAtA kahanA noAgamataH dravyanikSepa hai| AgamadravyanikSepa meM upayoga rUpa jJAna nahIM hotA kintu labdhi rUpa meM jJAna kA astitva rahatA hai kintu no AgamataH meM labdhi evaM upayoga ubhaya rUpa se hI jJAna kA abhAva rahatA hai| noAgamataH dravyanikSepa mukhya rUpa se tIna prakAra kA hai--(1) jJazarIra, (2) bhavyazarIra evaM (3) tadvyatirikta / inake bheda-prabheda aneka haiN| . (1) jJazarIra-jisa zarIra meM rahakara AtmA jAnatA dekhatA thA vaha jJazarIra hai| jaise--Avazyaka sUtra ke jJAtA kI mRtyu ho jAne ke bAda bhI par3e hue zarIra ko dekhakara kahanA yaha Avazyaka sUtra kA jJAtA hai| (2) bhavyazarIra-jisa zarIra meM rahakara AtmA bhaviSya meM jJAna karanevAlI hogI vaha bhavya zarIra hai| jaise-janmajAta bacce ko kahanA yaha Avazyaka sUtra kA jJAtA (3) tadvyatirikta-vastu kI upakAraka sAmagrI meM vastuvAcI zabda kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai, yaha tadvyatirikta hai / jaise-adhyApana ke samaya honevAlI hasta saMketa Adi kriyA ko adhyApaka kahanA / laukika, prAvacanika evaM lokottara ke bheda se yaha tIna prakAra kA hai|
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________________ 130 / AItI-dRSTi ___4. bhAvanikSepa-padArtha kA vartamAna paryAyAzrita vyavahAra bhAva nikSepa hai| 'vivakSitakriyA pariNato bhAva:' vivakSita kriyA meM pariNata vastu ko bhAva nikSepa kahA jAtA hai / jaise- svarga ke devoM ko deva khnaa| bhAvanikSepa bhI AgamataH noAgamataH ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| (1) Agamata:-upAdhyAya ke artha ko jAnanevAlA tathA usa anubhava meM pariNata vyakti ko AgamataH bhAva upAdhyAya kahA jAtA hai| (2) noAgamataH-upAdhyAya ke artha ko jAnanevAle tathA adhyApana-kriyA meM pravRtta vyakti ko noAgamataH bhAva upAdhyAya kahA jAtA hai| cAroM hI nikSepoM ko saMkSepa meM vyAkhyAyita karate hue kahA hai. nAma jiNA jinanAmA ThavaNajiNA huMti pddimaao| davvajiNA jina jIva bhAvajiNA smvsrnntyaa|| naya aura nikSepa kA sambandha-naya aura nikSepa kA viSaya-viSayI sambandha hai| AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne inake sambandha ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki nAmaM ThavaNA davie tti esa davvaTThiyassa nikkhevo| bhAvo u pajjavaTThiassa esa prmttho|| nAma sthApanA evaM dravya kA sambandha tIna kAla se hai ataH isakA sambandha dravyArthika naya se hai tathA bhAva-nikSepa mAtra vartamAna se sambandhita hai| ataH yaha paryAyArthika naya kA viSaya hai| nikSepa kA AdhAra-nikSepa kA AdhAra pradhAna-apradhAna, kalpita aura akalpita dRSTi bindu hai| bhAva akalpita dRSTi hai, isalie pradhAna hotA hai| zeSa tIna nikSepa kalpita haiM / ataH ve apradhAna haiM / nAma meM, pahacAna, sthApanA meM AkAra kI bhAvanA hotI hai| guNa kI vRtti nahIM hotii| dravya mUla vastu kI pUrvottara dazA yA usase sambandha rakhanevAlI anya vastu hotI hai ataH isameM maulikatA nahIM hotii| bhAva maulika hai| nikSepa paddhati jaina Agama evaM vyAkhyA granthoM kI mukhya paddhati rahI hai| anuyoga paramparA meM isakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / sampUrNa vyavahAra kA kAraNa nikSepa paddhati hai| nikSepa ke abhAva meM artha kA anartha ho jAtA hai / saMkSepa meM, nikSepa paddhati bhASA prayoga kI vaha vidhA hai jisake dvArA hama vastu kA abhrAnta jJAna prApta kara sakate haiN|
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________________ satya vyAkhyA kA dvAra : anekAnta saMsAra kI saMracanA ke mUla meM tattva kA dvaita hai| Agama sAhitya meM sthAna-sthAna para isa daitavAdI mAnyatA kA ullekha hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM batalAyA gayA hai ki loka meM jo kucha hai vaha saba do padoM meM avatarita hai| ve padArtha paraspara virodhI hote haiN| virodha astitva kA sArvabhauma niyama hai / virodha ke binA astitva hI nahIM hotA hai| saMsAra meM aisI koI bhI astitvavAn vastu nahIM hai jisameM virodhI yugala ekasAtha na rahate hoN| vastu/dravya meM ananta dharma hote haiM yaha koI mahattvapUrNa svIkRti nahIM hai kintu eka hI vastu meM eka hI kAla meM ananta virodhI dharma yugapat rahate haiM yaha jaina darzana/anekAnta darzana kA mahattvapUrNa abhyupagama hai| anekAnta siddhAnta ke utthAna kA AdhAra hI dvaitavAdI avadhAraNA/virodhI yugaloM ke sahAvasthAna kI svIkRti hai| yadi vastu meM virodhI dharma nahIM hote to anekAnta svIkRti kA koI viziSTa mUlya hI nahIM hotaa| anekAnta ko paribhASita karate hue AcArya amRtacandra kahate haiM- "eka hI vastu sat-asat, eka-aneka, nitya-anitya svabhAvavAlI hai / aisI eka hI vastu ke vastutva ke niSpAdaka paraspara virodhI zakti yukta dharmoM ko prakAzita karanevAlA anekAnta hai|" AcArya akalaMka ekAnta ke pratikSepa kathana ke dvArA anekAnta ko vyAkhyAyita karate hue kahate haiM ki vastu sat hI hai. asat hI hai, isa prakAra ke ekAntavAda ko nirasita karanevAlA anekAnta hai| - vastu aneka dharmoM kA samudAya mAtra nahIM hai kintu paraspara virodhI pratIta honevAlA aneka dharmoM kA AdhAra hai| dravya ananta dharmoM kI samaSTi hai / ve dharma paraspara virodha hai isalie dravya kA dravyatva banA huA hai / yadi saba dharma avirodhI hote to dravya kA dravyatva samApta ho jaataa| virodhI dharmoM kA yugapat sahAvasthAna honA dravya kA svabhAva hai| dravya meM zAzvata aura azAzvata, eka aura aneka, sAmAnya aura vizeSa, vAcya aura avAcya Adi virodhI yugala vidyamAna haiN| una sabameM saha-astitva hai / virodhI aura unakA saha-astitva vizva vyavasthA kA aTala niyama hai / jaina darzana kA yaha vyApaka abhyupagama hai ki 'yat-sat-tat-sapratipakSam' sat pratipakSa yukta hotA hai aura pakSa
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________________ 132 / mAItI-dRSTi pratipakSa meM saha-astitva hotA hai| yaha dArzanika satya aba vaijJAnika satya bhI bana rahA hai / vaijJAnika jagat kA pratikaNa evaM prati padArtha kA siddhAnta anekAnta ke Aloka meM eka naye tathya ko udghATita kara sakatA hai / vaijJAnika isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce haiM ki prati kaNa, kaNa kA pratidvandvI hote hue bhI usakA pUraka hai| ve donoM sAtha-sAtha rahate haiN| paraspara eka-dUsare kA sahayoga karate aura inameM kriyA-pratikriyA kA vyavahAra bhI calatA hai| ___ astitva virodhI yugaloM kA samavAya hai / anekAnta ne isa satya kA darzana kiyA hai| virodhI yugaloM ke saha-astitva kI svIkRti ke sAtha hI unake madhya meM rahe samanvaya sUtroM kA anveSaka bhI anekAnta hai| anekAnta ke samanvayAtmaka svarUpa ko dekhakara kucha cintakoM ne kahA-anekAnta sApekSa darzana hai / vaha mAtra sApekSa satya kI carcA karatA hai / jaina darzana meM nirapekSa satya kI svIkRti nahIM hai / nirapekSa ke binA sApekSa kaise hogA? AcArya mahAprajJa ne prazna ko samAdhAna dete hae kahA-jaina darzana nirapekSa satya ko bhI svIkAra karatA hai| nirapekSa ke binA sApekSa kaise hogA? yaha prazna bhI isalie upasthita huA ki anekAnta ke svabhAva ko hRdayaMgama nahIM kiyA gyaa| anekAnta kA bhI anekAnta hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne isa tathya ko abhivyakti dete hae kahA-pramANa aura naya kI apekSA anekAnta meM bhI anekAnta hai| pratyeka naya ekAnta hai| pratyeka naya kA mata eka-dUsare se bhinna hai| dravyArthika naya vastu ke dhrauvyAMza kA grAhaka hotA hai / isa naya ke anusAra dravya na utpanna hotA hai, na naSTa hotA hai, vaha mAtra dhruva hai| paryAyArthika naya ke anusAra bhAva utpanna evaM vizaraNazIla hai, dhruvatA nAma kA koI tattva nahIM hai| donoM naya kA mantavya pRthak hai| anekAnta kA artha hai-abhinnatA ko svIkAra aura bhinnatA meM saha-astitva kI sambhAvanA kA anveSaNa karanA / eka viziSTa prakAra kI apekSA se dhruvatA aura anityatA donoM satya hai / dravyArthika evaM paryAyArthika donoM nayoM kI vaktavyatA yathArtha haiM, ataH ve paraspara sApekSa hokara yathArtha hai paraspara nirapekSa hokara asatya ho jAte haiN| astitva dravya paryAyAtmaka hai / dravya kI pradhAnatA meM dravyArthika kA mantavya ThIka hai| paryAya kI pradhAnatA meM paryAyArthika kA abhyupagama svIkaraNIya hai / jaina nyAya ke anusAra dravya aura paryAya donoM pAramArthika satya hai| anya ekAntavAdI darzana jahA~ dravya evaM paryAya meM kisI eka ko satya mAnane kA Agraha rakhate haiN| usa avasthA meM anekAnta satya kI vyAkhyA prastuta karate hue kahatA hai ki satya ubhayAtmaka, dravya paryAyAtmaka hai| jaba hamArA jJAna saMzleSaNAtmaka hotA hai, taba dravya dRSTigocara hotA
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________________ satya vyAkhyA kA dvAra : anekAnta / 133 hai, paryAya gauNa ho jAtA hai / jaba jJAna vizleSaNAtmaka hotA hai, taba paryAya pramukha evaM dravya parde ke pIche calA jAtA hai / AcArya hemacandra ne isa tathya ko anyayogavyavachedikA meM prastuta kiyA hai|" ___ vastu kA dravyaparyAyAtmaka svarUpa hI anekAnta ke udbhava kA mUla srota hai / yadi vastu virodhI yugaloM kI samanviti nahIM hotI to anekAnta kI bhI koI apekSA nahIM hotI, cU~ki vastu vaisI hai ataH anekAnta kI anivArya apekSA hai / anekAnta ke udbhava kA mUla srota vastu kI virodhI ananta dharmAtmakatA hI hai| vastu vyavasthA ke kSetra meM anekAnta kA udbhava huA aura phira usakA sabhI kSetroM meM vyApaka prayoga hone lgaa| Aja anekAnta darzana jainadarzana se abhinna bana cukA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke darzana sAhitya meM anekAnta kA jaisA vizada varNana huA hai vaisA anyatra upalabdha nahIM kintu jaba anekAnta ke vikAsa-krama kI ora dRSTi jAtI hai to spaSTa hotA hai ki anekAnta dRSTi kA mUla bhagavAna mahAvIra se bhI pUrvavartI hai| nAlandA ke prasiddha bauddha vidvAn zAntarakSita anekAnta kI parIkSA karate samaya tattva-saMgraha meM kahate haiM ki vipra mImAMsaka, nirgrantha jaina evaM sAMkhya ina tInoM kA anekAntavAda samAna rUpa se nirAkRta ho jAtA hai| isa kathana se spaSTa hai ki sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI taka ke bauddha vidvAna anekAnta ko mAtra jaina kA hI nahIM mAnate the, anya darzana bhI anekAntavAdI the| mImAMsaka darzana ke zlokavArtika Adi granthoM meM, sAMkhya, yoga darzana ke pariNAmavAda sthApaka granthoM meM, anekAnta mUlaka vicAraNA upalabdha hai| kintu yaha tathya to asaMdigdha rUpa se svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki anekAnta dRSTi kA jitanA suspaSTa vikAsa jaina granthoM meM prApta hai, utanA anyatra kahIM nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja anekAnta evaM syAdvAda ko mAtra jaina darzana kA siddhAnta mAnA jAtA hai| . ____ jaina AgamoM ke anuzIlana se anekAnta vicAra vikAsa kA krama spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai / dArzanika jagat meM tattva vyavasthA ke kSetra meM anekAntavAda bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mahattvapUrNa dena hai| IsA ke bAda honevAle jaina dArzanikoM ne jaina tattva vicAra ko anekAntavAda ke nAma se pratipAdita kiyA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ko usa vAda kA upadeSTA btaayaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra se lekara adya prabhRti jaina dArzanikoM ne anekAnta dRSTi kA vikAsa kiyA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dasa svapnoM meM eka citra-vicitra puskokila ke svapna kA bhI ullekha hai| isase yaha sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai ki sUtrakAra ne citra-vicitra vizeSaNa kA prayoga anekAnta ko dhvanita karane ke lie
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________________ . 134 / ArhatI-dRSTi sAbhiprAya kiyA hai| aisA paMDita dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA kA abhimata hai|" jaina AgamoM meM anekAnta zabda kA prayoga to upalabdha nahIM hai kintu anekAnta ke sampoSaka tathyoM se ve grantha mare haiN| anekAnta kA prAcIna rUpa vibhajyavAda mAnA jAtA hai| vibhajyavAda zabda kA prayoga sUtrakRtAMga meM huA hai 'vibhajjavAyaM ca viyaagrejjaa'| vibhAgapUrvaka prazna ko samAhita karane kI to mahAvIra kI maulika zailI rahI hai| AcArAMga se lekara uttaravartI granthoM meM isa zailI ke anekoM udAharaNa prApta haiN| jo eka ko jAnatA hai vaha sabako jAnatA hai / jo sabako jAnatA hai| vaha eka ko jAnatA hai| jo Azrava hai ve hI parizrava hai|" darzana yuga meM bahulatA se prayukta asti-nAsti, nitya-anitya, eka-aneka Adi anekAnta ke niyamoM kA mUla srota Agama sAhitya hI hai| bhagavatI sUtra kI gautama mahAvIra praznottarI isakA spaSTa pramANa hai / darzana yuga meM anekAnta ke niyamoM kA upayoga vibhinna dArzanika siddhAntoM meM samanvaya sthApita karane ke lie huA, vahIM Agama yuga meM unakA upayoga dravya mImAMsA ke pariprekSya meM hotA thaa| tatva jijJAsA upasthita karate hue gautama pUchate haiM, bhaMte ! asthira parivartita hotA hai, sthira parivartita nahIM hotA / asthira bhagna hotA hai sthira bhanna nahIM hotA, kyA yaha saca hai? hA~, gautama ! yahaaise hI hai| jIva zAzvata hai yA azAzvata? gautama ke isa prazna ko samAhita karate hue mahAvIra kahate haiM- jIva syAt zAzvata evaM syAt azAzvata hai| dravya kI apekSA zAzvata evaM bhAva kI apekSA azAzvata hai| isI dRSTi se jIva hI nahIM kintu sabhI dravya apekSA bheda se zAzvata azAzvata donoM hai / isa prakAra ke udAharaNoM se ApUrita Agama sAhitya meM anekAnta aura syAdvAda kA vizada vivecana upalabdha hai| Agama granthoM meM upalabdha anekAnta vicAra ke vikAsa meM uttaravartI jainAcAryoM ne apanI pratibhA kA sAMgopAMga upayoga kiyA hai| siddhasena divAkara, samantabhadra, haribhadra, akalaMka, yazovijayajI Adi AcAryoM ke nAma anekAnta vikAsa meM smaraNIya haiN| AcArya siddhasena ne sanmati tarka-prakaraNa meM vibhinna nayoM ke AdhAra para anya darzana kI mAnyatAoM meM samanvaya karane kA mahattvapUrNa upakrama kiyA hai| "sanmati tarka meM hI sabase pahale anekAnta zabda kA prayoga prApta hotA hai| isake bAda to yaha zabda sarvagrAhya bana gyaa| Apta mImAMsA meM nityAnitya, sAmAnya vizeSa Adi virodhI vAdoM * meM saptabhaMgI kI yojanA kara samanvaya sthApita kiyA hai| isa prakAra hama kramazaH anekAnta ke vikAsa krama ko dekha sakate haiN|
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________________ satya vyAkhyA kA dvAra : anekAnta / 135 .. anekAnta Agama yuga se darzana yuga meM evaM darzana yuga se vartamAna yuga taka apanI nirantara vikAsa yAtrA karatA A rahA hai| alaga-alaga yuga ke alaga prazna aura samAdhAna hote haiN| Aja vyavahAra jagat meM anekAnta ke prayoga ke dvArA hI vyavahAra jagat kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / jIvana meM aneka virodhI prazna Ate haiN| unakA samAdhAna anekAnta meM hI khojA jA sakatA hai| yadi hama anekAnta dRSTi ke dvArA virodhI dharmoM ko bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNa se dekhate haiM to usakA samAdhAna upalabdha ho jAtA hai| yadi hama satya ko satya dRSTi se dekhane kA prayala nahIM karate, do virodhI satyoM ko do bhinna dRSTikoNa se nahIM dekhate haiM, to vahAM saMgharSa honA anivArya hai| saMgharSa ko samApta karane kA mahattvapUrNa upAya yahI hai ki hama jAnaleM ki vizva-vyavasthA ke mUla meM virodhI yugala nirantara sakriya haiM evaM una virodhI yugaloM kA sahAvasthAna hai| ve sAtha meM hI rahate haiN| jaba anekAnta kI dRSTi upalabdha ho jAtI hai to satya kA dvAra svataH udghATita ho jAtA hai| ___ anekAnta sahiSNutA kA darzana hai| rAjanIti kA kSetra ho yA samAjanIti kA, dharmanIti kA ho yA zikSAnIti kA, saphalatA ke lie anekAnta darzana ko vyavahArya banAnA Avazyaka hai| jaba taka saha-astitva, sahiSNutA, sAmaJjasya Adi mUlyoM ko vyAvahArika nahIM banAyA jAegA taba taka samAdhAna upalabdha nahIM hogaa| ye sAre mUlya anekAnta ke hI parikara haiM / manuSya anekAnta ko samajhe aura isake anurUpa AcaraNa kare to yugIna samasyAoM kA samAdhAna pA sakatA hai| Aja apekSA hai anekAnta korA darzana na rahe vaha jIvana bane / mahAvIra ne jIvana jIkara hI darzana diyA thaa| Aja darzana aura jIvana ko alaga kara diyA gayA hai jisase samasyAe~ paidA ho rahI haiN| zAntasahavAsa ke lie Avazyaka hai darzana aura jIvana ko punaH jor3A jaae| anekAnta satya vyAkhyA ke dvAra ke sAtha hI jIvana satyoM ko jIne kA bhI dvAra bana jaae| sandarbha 1. jadatthi NaM logetaM savvaM dupaoAraM, taM jahA jIvacceva ajIvacceva ThANaM 2/1 2. yadeva tat tadeva atat, yadevaikaM tadevAnekam, yadevasat tadevAsat, yadeva . nityaM tadevAnityam, ityekavastuvastutvaniSpAdakaparasparaviruddhazaktidvaya prakAzanamanekAntaH samayasAra |aatmkhyaati 10/247
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________________ OM 136 / ArhatI-dRSTi 3. sdsnnityaanityaadisrvthaikaantprtiksseplkssnno'nekaantH| aSTa za. aSTa sahasrI, pR. 286 / 4. syAnnAzi nityaM sadRzaM virUpa.... 'anyayogavyavacchedikA', zlo. 25 / jaina darzana aura anekAnta, pR. 8 / 6. anekAnte'pyanekAntaH prmaannnysaadhnH| anekAntaH pramANaste tadekAnto'rpitAnnayAt // svayaMbhU stotra 103 / 7. uppajaMti viyaMti ya bhAvA niyameNa pjjvnyss| . davvaTThiyassa savvaM annuppnnmvinnttuN|| sanmati-prakaraNa, 1/4 / 8. nirapekSA nayA mithyA sApekSA vastu te'rthakRta |aaptmiimaaNsaa, zlo. 108 / 9. . yat sat tat dravyaM paryAyazca / nyAya karNikA 5/8 / 10. aparyayaM vastu smsymaanmdrvymetccvivicymaanm| . anyayogavyavacchedikA, zlo. 23 / 11. tttv-sNgrh| 12. avasthitasya dravyasya...... - pAtaJjala yoga 3/13 / 13. bhagavatI 16/6 / , 14. Agama yuga kA jaina darzana, pR. 53 / 15. sUtrakRtAMga 1/14/22 / / 16. je egaM jANai se savvaM jANai je AsavA te prissvaa| AcArAMga 3/74, 4/12 / 17. se nUNaM bhaMte / athire praloTTaI, no thire paloTTai? athire bhajjai, no thire bhajjai? haMtA goymaa| bhagavatI sUtra 1/440 / 18. jIvANaM bhaMte / ki sAsayA? asAsayA? goymaa| jIvA siya sAsayA, siya asaasyaa| se keNakhUNa goymaa| davvaTThayAe sAsayA, bhAvaTThayAe asaasyaa| bhaga 7/58/59 / 19. sanmati tarka prakaraNa 3/48-52 / 20. jeNa viNA logassa.sanmati 3/68 / 21. AptamImAMsA, gAthA, 23 /
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________________ anekAnta kA tAttvika evaM tArkika AdhAra yaha jagat jaisA dRSTigocara ho rahA hai vaisA hI hai athavA tadbhinna hai ? isa prazna ke samAdhAna meM vibhinna dArzanika dhArAoM kA udbhava huaa| una dhArAoM ko hama mukhyataH do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM--pratyayavAda evaM vastuvAda (Idealism and Realism) / ye donoM zabda Adhunika darzanazAstra meM prayukta hote haiN| prAcIna bhAratIya darzana sAhitya meM aise zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| yadi ina zabdoM ke prAcIna darzana sAhitya meM sadRza arthavyaJjaka zabda DhUMDhanA cAheM to vastuvAda ke lie bAhyArthavAda evaM pratyayavAda ke lie brahmAdvaita, vijJAnAdvaita, zUnyAdvaita evaM zabdAdvaita kA samanvita prayoga kara sakate haiM / sampUrNa advaitavAdI avadhAraNA kA pratinidhitva karanevAlA pratyayavAda zabda hai, aisA kahA jA sakatA hai| vastuvAda (Realism) . vastuvAda ke anusAra, sat ko bAhA, Abhyantara, pAramArthika, vyAvahArika, parikalpita, pariniSpanna Adi bhedoM meM vibhakta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| satya, satya hI hai, usameM vibhAga nahIM hotaa| pramANa meM avabhAsita honevAle sAre tattva vAstavika haiM tathA una tathyoM ko vANI ke dvArA prakaTa bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai / indriya, mana evaM atIndriyajJAna, ina saba sAdhanoM se jJAta honevAlA prameya vAstavika hai / ina sAdhanoM se prApta jJAna meM spaSTatA-aspaSTatA nyUnAdhikatA ho sakatI hai kintu inameM se kisI eka prakAra ke jJAna dvArA dUsare prakAra ke jJAna kA apalApa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| pratyayavAda (Idealism) pratyayavAdI avadhAraNA ke anusAra jo dRzya jagat hai, vaha vAstavika nahIM haiN| pAramArthika satya indriyagrAhya nahIM hai tathA usako vANI ke dvArA abhivyakta bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA' / atIndriya cetanA ke dvArA gRhIta sUkSma tattva hI vAstavika hai| sthUla jagat kI pAramArthika sattA nahIM hai| bhAratIya darzanoM kA vibhAjana sampUrNa bhAratIya darzanoM ko pratyayavAda evaM vastuvAda ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| jo nimnalikhita cArTa se spaSTa hai
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________________ 138 / ArhatI-dRSTi bhAratIya darzana vastubAda pratyayavAda jaina | pUrvamImAMsaka cArvAka sAMkhya yoga brahmadvaita bauddha zabdAdvaita (zAMkara vedAnta) ... vijJAnAdvaita zUnyAdvaita vedAnta bauddha madhva nimbArka rAmAnuja sautrAntika vaibhASika pratyayavAdI (1) brahmAdvaita-brahmAdvaitavAda ke anusAra sampUrNa vizva brahmamaya hai' / yahAM nAnAtva nahIM hai / brahma kI hI vAstavika sattA hai / jagat kI sattA ghyAvahArika hai / 'brahma satyaM jaganmithyA' / svapna mRgamarIcikA ye prAtibhAsika sat hai| pAramArthika, vyAvahArika evaM prAtibhAsika ke bheda se sat vedAnta meM tridhA vibhakta ho jAtA hai / nityatA hI satya hai / parivartana kAlpanika/mithyA hai| (2) vijJAnAdvaitavAda(bauddha) -vijJAnAdvaita ke anusAra dRzya jagat kI vAstavika sattA nahIM hai| sampUrNa vizva vijJAnamaya hai| vijJAna hI bAhya padArtha ke AkAra meM avabhAsita ho rahA haiM / vAstava meM vijJAna eka rUpa hI hai| buddhi kA na to koI grAhya hai aura na koI grAhaka hai / grAhya-grAhaka bhAva se rahita buddhi svayaM hI prakAzita hotI (3) zUnyAdvaitavAda-isakA apara nAma mAdhyamika bhI hai / isa darzana kI avadhAraNA ke anusAra zUnya hI paramArtha sat hai / yahA~ zUnya kA artha abhAva nahIM hai| kintu zUnya kA artha hai tattva kI avAcyatA / zUnya (tattva), sat, asat, ubhaya evaM anubhaya rUpa nahIM hai| vaha catuSkoTi vinirmukta haiN|
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________________ anekAntakA tAtvika evaM tArkika AdhAra / 139 bauddha darzana meM bhI saMvRtti sat evaM paramArtha sat ke bheda se sat ko dvidhA vibhakta svIkAra kiyA hai / bhagavAn buddha ne ina do satyoM kA Azraya lekara hI dharma kI dezanA pradAna kI thii| parikalpita, paratantra evaM pariniSpatra ke rUpa meM sat tIna prakAra kA bauddha darzana meM prajJapta hai / ina tInoM meM pariniSpanna hI mAsmArthika/vAstavika sat hai / avaziSTa do sat to mAtra vyavahAra ke saMcAlana ke lie svIkRta hai| mAdhyamika saMvRtti sat evaM paramArtha sat ko svIkAra karate haiN| yogAcAra/vijJAnavAdI sat ko parikalpita, paratantra evaM pariniSpanna kahate haiN| bauddha darzana kI do vicAradhArAeM-vijJAnavAda evaM zUnyAdvaitavAda pratyayavAdI haiN| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki ye dArzanika sthUla jagat kI sattA ko saMvRtti/parikalpita yA paratantra kahakara vAstavika kI koTi meM use parigaNita nahIM karate haiM / apitu isa jagat se bhinna zUnya athavA vijJAna hI inake vicAra meM pAramArthika sat hai| yahI pratyayavAda kI avadhAraNA kA mUla AdhAra hai / sampUrNa pratyayavAdI vicAradhArA meM bhale hI vaha vedAnta AdhArita hai athavA bauddha darzana sammata usameM tattva kA advaita hai, tattva kA advaita hI pratyayavAda kA AdhAra hai| vastuvAdI vicAraka (1) cArvAk-cArvAk darzana pAMca yA cAra bhUtoM kI hI vAstavika sattA svIkAra karatA hai / cetanA cAra bhUtoM ke viziSTa prakAra ke sammizraNa se utpanna hotI hai / indriya jJAna hI vAstavika hai / indriya pratyakSa se prApta prameya ko hI yaha vAstavika mAnatA hai| bhAratIya darzana meM yahI eka aisA darzana hai jo sUkSma, indriya jJAna se pare ke tattvoM ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| (2) vaibhASika (bauddha)-inake anusAra bAhya padArtha kI vAstavika sattA hai| ye bAhya tathA Abhyantara samasta dharmoM ke svatantra astitva ko svIkAra karate haiN| vaibhASika ke anusAra bAhya jagat hamAre pratyakSa kA viSaya bana sakatA hai| (3) sautrAntika bauddhoM kI yaha vicAradhArA bhI bAhya artha kI vAstavika sattA svIkAra karatI hai| inake anusAra padArtha kA jJAna pratyakSa se nahIM hotaa| vaha anumAna gamya hai| sAMkhyayoga yaha darzana bhI vastuvAdI hai| isake anusAra prakRti aura puruSa ye do mUla tattva haiN| prakRti triguNAtmikA hai| prakRti sampUrNa bAhya jagat kA mUla kAraNa hai| prakRti se
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________________ 140 / ArhatI-dRSTi mahat Adi 23 tattvoM kI utpatti hotI hai| puruSa sahita yaha darzana 25 tattvoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| sAMkhya kA puruSa, amUrta, cetana evaM niSkriya hai / vizva ke nirmANa, saMcAlana meM isakI koI sambhAgitA nahIM hai| ___nyAya-vaizeSika nyAyadarzana pramANa, prameya Adi solaha tattvoM ko svIkAra karatA hai tathA ina tattvoM ke jJAna se hI mukti hotI hai" / vaizeSika dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa evaM samavAya-ye chaha: padArtha mAnatA hai / bAhya jagat kI vAstavika sattA hai| bAhya jagat ke upAdAna kAraNa paramANu hai / Izvara jagat kA nirmAtA hai / jagat saMracanA kA nimitta kAraNa hai| pUrvamImAMsA-kumArila bhaTTa evaM prabhAkara kI ye do pUrvamImAMsIya paramparAe~ haiN| donoM hI vastuvAdI haiN| prabhAkara dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, paratantratA, zakti, sAdRzya aura saMkhyA nAma vAle 8 padArtha svIkAra karate haiN| bhATTa paramparA meM dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya aura abhAva ye pA~ca padArtha svIkRta haiN| : jaina jaina darzana ke anusAra jIva aura ajIva ye do mUla tattva haiN| inake vistAra se tattvoM kI saMkhyA nau ho jAtI hai / uparyukta varNita sAre darzana vastuvAdI haiM / ye bAhya padArtha kI vAstavika sattA svIkAra karate haiN| pratyayavAdI anraMga jagat ko svIkAra kara bAhya kA niSedha kara detA hai| jaina darzana kI prakRti anekAntavAdI hai| anekAnta apanI prakRti ke anusAra bAhya evaM antara jagat ko svIkRti pradAna karatA hai| 'jaina darzana prakRti se anekAntavAdI hote hue bhI ekAntataH vastuvAdI hai| aisA paNDita sukhalAla jI kA mantavya hai| kintu jaina darzana kI anekAntavAdI prakRti hone ke kAraNa pratyayavAdI evaM vastuvAdI ina donoM dhArAoM meM samanvaya karane meM use koI bAdhA nahIM honI caahie| AgamakAla se lekara adyaprabhRti jaina vicArakoM ke vicAroM se bhI hamAre isa maMtavya kI puSTi ho rahI hai| . AcArAMga jo aitihAsika evaM kAlakrama se bhI sabase prAcIna Agama hai, usa Agama ke aneka sthaloM para pratyayavAda kI anugUMja spaSTa sunAI par3a rahI hai| paramAtma svarUpa ke vizleSaNa meM AcArAMga ghoSaNA kara rahA hai ki paramAtmA zabda kA viSaya nahIM bana sktaa| sAre svara vahA~ se lauTa Ate haiN| paramAtmA na tarkagamya hai na hI buddhi grAhya hai / usakA bodha karane ke lie koI upamA nahIM hai / puruSa ! jisako tU mAranA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai / tumhAre se bhinna dUsarA koI nahIM hai| 'ege AyA" ThANaM sUtra kA yaha vaktavya bhI hamArA dhyAna brahmAdvaitavAda kI tarapha
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________________ anekAnta kA tAttvika evaM tArkika AdhAra / 141 AkarSita karatA hai| jaina kI vicAra saraNI nayAtmaka hai ataH saMgraha naya kI dRSTi se AtmA ke ekatva kI svIkRti hai| jaina dRSTi ke anusAra upayoga saba AtmAoM kA sadRza lakSaNa hai ataH upayoga kI dRSTi se AtmA eka hai| nizcaya naya ke puraskartA AcArya kundakunda ne to spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki kevala jJAnI saba kucha jAnatA hai, yaha vyavahAra naya kI vaktavyatA hai / nizcaya naya se to kevalajJAnI kevala apanI AtmA ko hI jAnate haiN| samayasAra kI AtmakhyAti TIkA ke racanAkAra ne to yahAM taka kaha diyA hai ki AtmA kA anubhava ho jAne para dvaita dRSTipatha meM hI nahIM AtA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke uttarakAla meM bhI Atmatattva kA ekatva evaM nAnAtva pratipAdita hotA rahA hai| AcArya akalaMka ne nAnA jJAna svabhAva kI dRSTi se AtmA kI anekatA aura caitanya ke eka svabhAva kI dRSTi se usakI ekatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| ThANaM sUtra kebhASya meM apane maMtavya ko prastuta karate hue AcArya mahAprajJa ne likhA-'jaina darzana anekAntavAdI hai, isalie vaha kevala dvaitavAdI nahIM hai, vaha advaitavAdI bhI hai| usakI dRSTi meM kevala dvaita aura kevala advaitavAda kI saMgati nahIM hai| ina donoM kI sApekSa saMgati hai2 / ' jaina saMgraha naya kI paddhati se saMzleSaNa karate-karate 'vizvamekaM sato vizeSAt' kI sthiti para pahuMca jAtA hai tathA paryAyArthika naya se vizleSaNa karate-karate antima bheda taka pahuMca jAtA hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra dravyArthika evaM paryAyArthika donoM hI naya satya hai / nayoM kI sApekSa vicAradhArA se hI. jaina darzana meM vastu kI vyavasthA kI gayI hai| saMgraha naya kI dRSTi se jaina kA pratyayavAdI honA asaMgata nahIM hai kintu usakA yaha kathana nirapekSa nahIM hai| ina donoM virodhI vicAradhArAoM kA sApekSa astitva use mAnya hai ataH jaina ko nirvivAda rUpa se pratyayavAdI + vastuvAdI mAnA jA sakatA hai| . bhAratIya darzanoM kI pramukha vicAradhArAoM kA samAveza pratyayavAda evaM vastuvAda meM ho jAtA hai| vaise hI kucha anya cintakoM ne use nitya-anitya, bheda-abheda Adi vibhAgoM meM samAhita kiyA hai| mUrdhanya jaina vidvAn paNDita sukhalAla jI ne nitya evaM anitya ina do avadhAraNAoM ko pAMca bhAgoM meM vibhakta karake inameM sabhI pramukha bhAratIya darzanoM ko samAviSTa kiyA hai| unake matAnusAra ye pA~ca vibhAga nimnalikhita hai" (All) Philosophical systems can broadly be divided into five classes, viz. (1). Doctrine of absolute permanence [Kevel nityatvavad), (2) Doctrine of absolute change (Keval antiyatvavada),
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________________ 172 // ani dRSTi (3) Doctrine of changing permanent [Pasitansi minyatva vadal, (4) Doctrine of the changing and the permanent [nitya-nitya ubyavada) and (5) Doctrine of permanence coupled with change {nitya-nitya tmakavada]. . paM sukhalAla jI ke anusAra brahmavAdI vedAnta prathama vibhAga meM bauddha dvitIya sAMkhya tRtIya nyAya vaizeSika caturtha evaM jaina pA~caveM vibhAga ke antargata Ate haiN| bhAratIya darzanoM kA aisA hI vibhAga Jain Theories of Reality and Knowledge meM Dr. YJ. Padmarajaih ne kiyA hai| unhoMne nitya-anitya ke sthAna para abheda evaM bheda zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai In surveying the field of Indian Philosophy from the point of view of the problem of the nature of reality, We may adopt, as our guiding principal the following five-fold, classification which includes, within its scope, the different schools of philosophical thought in term of their adherence to 'identity' alone, or to 'difference' alone, or to both in unequal or equal proportion. DaoN. rajjaiyA ne sukhalAla jI ke vibhAga ko hI svIkRta kiyA hai / inhoMne bhartRprapaJca, bhAskara, yAdava, rAmAnuja aura nimbArka darzana kA samAhAra tRtIya vibhAga meM tathA madhya ke dvaitavAda ko caturtha vibhAga meM rakhA hai| ina donoM vidvAnoM ne pUrva mImAMsA darzana kA spaSTa rUpa se kisI vibhAga meM samAveza nahIM kiyA hai| pUrva mImAMsA ke prameya vivecana kA adhyayana karane se pratIta hotA hai usakI prameya mImAMsA jaina vastuvAda ke sadRza hai| pUrva mImAMsaka bhI vastu ko utpAda vyaya evaM dhovya yukta trayAtmaka svIkAra karatA hai| vastu kI trayAtmakatA kI siddhi meM vaha vardhamAna, rucaka evaM svarNa kA udAharaNa bhI prastuta karatA hai / jaina dArzanikoM ne bhI vastu kI trayAtmakatA kI siddhi meM zabdabheda mAtra se yahI udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai jo zlokavArtika ke sandarbha meM vimarzanIya hai| zlokavArtika meM vastu ko anekAntAtmaka kahA hai / jaina cintaka bhI vastu ko anekAntAtmaka kahate haiN| uparyukta tathyoM ke AdhAra para pUrva mImAMsA ko pAMcaveM vibhAga meM samAhita kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi paM. sukhalAla jI kA maMtavya hai ki pUrva mImAMsA kA
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________________ mevAta kA tAtvika evaM tArSika Ara / 143 utpAda-sthiti-bhaMmavAda cetana kA sparza karatA ho aisA pratIta nahIM hotaa| isa avadhAraNA ko yadi svIkAra kiyA jAye to isa darzana kA antarbhAva sAMkhya vAle tIsare vidhAma meM hotA hai / kintu upalabdha tathyoM meM pUrva mImAMsA ke anusAra cetana meM pariNAma nahIM hotA hai, aisA ullekha prApta nahIM hotA apitu zlokavArtika meM svarNa kI avasthAoM meM bheda kI taraha puruSa kI avasthAoM meM bhinnatA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| -mImAMsA zlokakArtika kI vyAkhyA meM durgAdhara jhA ne likhA hai, 'anityatA do prakAra kI hotI hai--) vikAra svarUpa evaM (2) svarUpoccheda svarUpa / AtmA meM inameM se prathama prakAra kI anityatA ko svIkAra karate haiM kyoMki (AtmA) pUrva kI apanI udAsIlAvasthA ko chor3akara hI kartRtvAvasthA aura bhoktRtvAsthA ko prApta hota hai| kintu usa samaya bhI usake svarUpa kA uccheda nahIM hotA, kyoMki pratyabhijJAnI rahatI hai| ataH AtmA ko vikArI rUpa anitya to mAnate haiM, kintu vinAzI svarUpa anitya nahIM maante|' 'AtmA na apanI avasthAoM se sarvathA bhitra hI hai, na sarvathA abhinna hii| kathaJcid bhinna bhI hai, kavaJcid abhinna bhii| jaise kuNDala svarNa se na sarvathA mitra hotA hai na / sarvathA abhinna hii| isase jJAta hotA hai ki cetana meM pariNamana ho rahA hai ataH isa darzana kA samAveza paMcama vibhAga meM karanA yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki sabhI bhAratIya pAzcAtya darzanoM kA vargIkaraNa nitya-anitya, abheda-bheda Adi kI taraha hI vastu ke anya dharma sAmAnya-vizeSa, eka aneka, dravya-paryAya Adi ke AdhAra para bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| jainadarzana meM vastu kA svarUpa ___ advaita vedAnta ne dravya ko pAramArthika satya mAnakara paryAya ko kAlpanika kahakara usake astitva ko hI nakAra diyaa| bauddhoM ne paryAya ko pAramArthika satya mAnakara dravya ko kAlpanika mAna liyA / jaina nyAya ke anusAra dravya aura paryAya donoM pAramArthika satya haiN| hamArA jJAna jaba saMzleSaNAtmaka hotA hai taba dravya upasthita rahatA hai aura paryAya gauNa ho jAtA hai aura jaba jJAna vizleSaNAtmaka hotA hai taba paryAya pradhAna evaM dravya gauNa ho jAtA hai" / jaina darzana ke anusAra vastu dravya-paryAyAtmaka hai| vastu sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hai| sAmAnya evaM vizeSa kA paraspara avinAbhAva hai| ye eka-dUsare ke binA raha nahIM sakate arthAt eka ke abhAva meM dUsare kA astitva ho hI nahIM sktaa| vizeSa se rahita sAmAnya evaM sAmAnya se rahita vizeSa zazaviSANa
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________________ 144 / ArhatI-dRSTi kI taraha ayathArtha hai" / sAmAnya vizeSa kA saha-astitva hai / ye eka-dUsare ke binA nahIM raha sakate / isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki paryAya rahita dravya evaM dravya rahita paryAya satya nahIM hai| anekAnta kA tAttvika AdhAra vastu meM ananta dharma hote haiM, yaha mahattvapUrNa svIkRti nahIM hai| kintu jaina darzana kA yaha mahattvapUrNa abhyupagama hai ki eka hI vastu meM eka hI kAla meM ananta virodhI dharma yugapat rahate haiM / anekAnta siddhAnta ke utthAna kA AdhAra eka hI vastu meM yugapat virodhI dharmoM ke sahAvasthAna kI svIkRti hai| vastu kA dravyaparyAyAtmaka svarUpa hI anekAnta ke udbhava kA mUla srota hai / yadi vastu virodhI dharmoM kI samanviti nahIM hotI to anekAnta kI bhI koI apekSA nahIM hotI cUMki vastu vaisI hai ataH anekAnta kI anivArya apekSA hai| anekAnta ke udbhava kA mUla srota vastu kI virodhI ananta dharmAtmakatA hI hai| sat kI paribhASA . bhagavatI sUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA jo utpanna, naSTa evaM sthira rahatA hai vahI tattva hai"| AcArya umAsvAti ke zabdoM meM bhI yaha hI satya anugUjita hai| utpAdavyayadhauvyayuktaM sat" / sat aneka dharmoM kA samudAyamAtra nahIM hai kintu paraspara virodhI pratIta honevAle aneka dharmoM kA AdhAra hai| anekAnta usa vastu kI vyAkhyA karatA hai| . AcArya amRtacandra ke anusAra eka hI vastu sat, asat, eka, aneka, nitya, anitya svabhAvavAlI hai, aisI eka hI vastu ke vastutva ke niSpAdaka paraspara virodhI zaktiyukta dharmoM ko prakAzita karanevAlA anekAnta hai" / vastu sat hI hai, asat hI hai| isa prakAra ke ekAntavAda ko nirasita karanevAlA anekAnta hai / aisA AcArya akalaMka kA maMtavya hai| vastu kA lakSaNa artha kriyA kAritva ekAnta dravyavAda, ekAnta paryAyavAda evaM nirapekSa dravya evaM paryAyavAda ke AdhAra para vastu kI vyavasthA nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki ekAnta evaM nirapekSa dravya yA paryAya meM arthakriyA hI nahIM ho sakatI aura vastu kA lakSaNa arthakriyA hai" / jaba krama yA akrama se vastu meM arthakriyA ghaTita hI nahIM ho sakatI" taba usa vastu kA astitva hI nahIM ho sktaa|
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________________ anekAnta kA tAttvika evaM tArkika AdhAra | 145 jainadarzana ke anusAra vastu dravyaparyAyAtmaka hai| isa prasaMga meM anya dArzanikoM kA AkSepa hai ki jo doSa ekAnta nityapakSa athavA kSaNika pakSa meM upasthita hote haiM ve hI doSa dviguNita hokara jaina vastuvAda para kyoM nahIM Ate ? jaina isa tarka kA samAdhAna karate huye kahatA hai yadi jaina mAnya vastu kA svarUpa korA ubhayarUpa hotA to ina doSoM kA avakAza vahAM ho sakatA thA kintu jaina kI vastu na dravya rUpa hai na paryAyarUpa evaM nahIM ubhayarUpa hai vaha to nitya-nityAtmaka svarUpa jAtyantara hai / eka naI prakAra kI vastu kI svIkRti jaina meM hai / ataH jaina vastuvAda para kisI prakAra kA doSa upasthita nahIM ho sktaa| ____dhavalAkAra ne to anekAnta ko hI jAtyantara kahA hai" / vastu sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hai| isakA tAtparya mAtra itanA hI nahIM hai ki vastu meM sAmAnya evaM vizeSa nAmaka virodhI dharma eka sAtha rahate haiN| apitu isa kathana kA aidamparyArtha yaha hai ki ye virodhI dharma ekarasIbhUta arthAt ekAtmaka rUpa meM rahate haiN| eka naI hI vastu jAtyantara ke rUpa meM jaina ko mAnya hai| Neither the pure identity view nor the pure difference view nor even the composite view of identity and difference but only an integral view of identity in difference offers an adequate definition of reality. Jaina regards every real as not merely an indissoluble union of identity in difference but also this is the matter of immediate concern as something sui generis." (Jatyantara) . jainadarzana meM dravya paryAyAtmaka eka naI jAtyantara vastu svIkRta hai ataH usa para ekAnta nitya evaM anitya evaM nirapekSa nitya, anitya para laganevAle doSoM kI udbhAvanA hI nahIM ho sktii| jainAcAryoM ne apane tarka kI puSTi meM gur3a aura soMTha kA sundara udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai / jaise-gur3a evaM soMTha kramazaH kapha evaM pitta ke kAraNa hote haiM kintu una donoM ke sammizraNa se banI huI vastu una doSoM kI zAmaka ho jAtI hai| ____ jainadarzana ke anusAra padArtha meM vastugata bheda nahIM hai / usameM mAtra jJAnagata bheda hai| anugata AkAra vAlI buddhi sAmAnya evaM vyAvRtta AkAravAlI buddhi vizeSa kA bodha karAtI hai / buddhi se hI vastu kI dvayAtmakatA siddha hotI hai / sAmAnya vizeSAtma svarUpavAlA prameya to eka hI hai / vastu meM koI vibhAga nahIM hotA / vaha abhinna hai| jJAna se vaha dvidhA vibhakta hai tathA naya se usakA kathana hotA hai|
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________________ 146 / ArhatI-dRSTi jainadarzana ke anusAra prameya kA svarUpa hI dvandvAtmaka hai kintu usako vibhakta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vastu meM rahanevAle virodhI dharma yugapat, ekadA evaM ekAtma hokara hI vastu ke astitva ko banAye rakhate haiN| mImAMsA darzana meM vastu ko utpAda bhaMga sthiti lakSaNa trayAtmaka svIkAra kiyA hai| unake anusAra vastu anekAntAtmaka hai jisakI carcA hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| ___Adhunika pAzcAtya dArzanikoM meM Hegal dvArA mAnya vastu kI avadhAraNA jaina vastuvAda ke bahuta samIpa pratIta hotI hai "Substantiality and relativity are" says Caird, describing Hegel's Philosophy, "thus seen to be not two ideas, but one, and the truth is to be found not in either separately but in their union; which means that nothing can be said to be substantial in the sense of having existence independent of relation, but only in the sense of including its relativity in its own being." "Neither Being alone nor 'Non-Being' alone, but 'Determinate Being', the union of the two constitutes reality." hIgala ke anusAra astitva evaM nAstitva donoM sAtha milakara hI vastu ke svarUpa kA nirmANa karate haiN| anekAnta kA tArkika AdhAra . avinAbhAva hetu jainadarzana ke anusAra vastu ke svarUpa meM virodhI dharmoM kI sahaavasthiti hai, yaha spaSTa ho cukA hai / vaicArika jagat kI yaha sAmAnya avadhAraNA hai ki do virodhI dharma ekatra nahIM raha skte| astitva-nAstitva paraspara virodhI hai| ataH unakA sahAvasthAna sambhava nahIM hai| isake viparIta jaina darzana ke anusAra virodhI dharmoM ke sahAvasthAna se hI vastu kA vastutva banA huA hai| dravya kA dravyatva banAye rakhane ke lie virodhI dharmoM kA sahabhAva honA atyanta apekSita hai| asti nAsti kA paraspara avinAbhAva hai| ye eka-dUsare ke abhAva meM nahIM raha sakate / AcArya samantabhadra ne inake avinAbhAva kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA hai ki eka hI vastu ke vizeSaNa hone se astitva, nAstitva kA evaM nAstitva astitva kA avinAbhAvI hai| jaise sAdharmya evaM - avinAbhAva hotA hai vaisA hI paraspara inameM hai|
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________________ anekAnta kA tAttvika evaM tArkika AdhAra / 147 vivakSA hetu . pradhAnatA evaM gauNatA se eka hI vastu meM virodhI dharmoM kI sahAvasthiti yuktisaMgata haiM / vastu anantadharmAtmaka hai| usake pratyeka dharma kA artha bhinna hai |vstu ke dharmoM meM svata:pradhAnatA evaM gauNatA nahIM hotI kintu vaktA kI vivakSA se ve dharma pradhAna yA gauNa bana jAte haiM / vastu kA pratyeka dharma anya dharmoM ko gauNa karake sampUrNa sattA ko . pratipAdita kara sakatA hai| jisa dharma kI vivakSA hotI hai vaha pradhAna evaM zeSa dharma usake aMga bana jAte haiN| svacatuSTya paracatuSTya . . astitva vidhi hai aura nAstitva pratiSedha hai / astitva kA hetu vastu kA svadravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva hai evaM nAstitva kA hetu paradravya kSetra Adi hai| ghaTapadArtha sva dravya kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva kI apekSA astirUpa evaM paradravyakSetra Adi kI apekSA nAsti rUpa hai / yadi aisA svIkAra na kiyA jAye to vastu kI vyavasthA hI nahIM ho sktii| vastu svarUpazUnya nahIM hai isalie vidhi kI pradhAnatA se usakA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai aura vaha sarvAtmaka nahIM hai isalie niSedha kI pradhAnatA se usakA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai / svadravya kI apekSA ghaTa kA astitva hai / yaha vidhi hai / para dravya kI apekSA ghaTa kA nAstitva hai / yaha niSedha hai| isakA artha aisA abhivyaJjita hotA hai ki niSedha dUsare ke nimitta se honevAlA paryAya hai kintu vastutaH aisA nahIM hai / niSedha kI zakti dravya meM nihita hai| dravya yadi astitva dharmA ho aura nAstitva dharmA na ho to vaha apane dravyatva ko banAe nahIM rakha sktaa| niSedha para kI apekSA se vyavahRta hotA hai. isalie use ApekSika yA para-nimittaka paryAya kahate haiM / ghaTa sApekSa hai ataH usakA astitva evaM nAstitva yugapat haiN"| virodha kA samAhAra ___ astitvaM-nAstitva virodhI hote hue bhI eka hI vastu meM avinAbhAva se yugapat rahate haiM / ekAnta astivAdI evaM ekAnta nAstivAdI darzanoM kA mantavya hai ki ye donoM eka sAtha nahIM raha sakate / yadyapi anubhavagocara vastu kA svarUpa unheM bhI ubhayAtmaka hI pratIta hotA hai kintu ve vastu kI vyavasthA a priori logic (anubhava nirapekSa tarka) se karate haiN| anubhava nirapekSa tarka kA mantavya hai ki jahAM astitva hai vahAM nAstitva evaM jahAM nAstitva rahatA hai vahAM astitva nahIM raha sakatA / padArtha meM anubhava ke dvArA . donoM kI eka sAtha pratIti hone para bhI ve eka ko mithyA kahakara asvIkAra kara dete / haiM / vedAnta astitva ko evaM bauddha nAstitva ko yathArtha svIkAra karate haiN|
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________________ 148 / ArhatI-dRSTi anekAnta siddhAnta kI jainetara granthoM meM virodhI dharmoM ke sahAvasthAna ke kAraNa hI samIkSA huI hai| anekAnta kI samIkSA bAdarAyaNakRta brahmasUtra meM 'naikasminnasambhavAt kahakara kI gayI hai arthAt eka hI vastu meM virodhI dharmoM kA sahAvasthAna sambhava nahIM hai / ataH anekAnta siddhAnta doSamukta nahIM hai / brahmasUtra ke bhASyakAra ne bhI eka hI dharmI meM yugapat virodhI dharmoM ke avasthAna ko asambhava batAyA hai / bauddha vidvAn kamalazIla ne bhI isI tarka ke AdhAra para ekatra virodhI dharmoM ke avasthAna ko asvIkAra kiyA hai| aura isI kAraNa unako anekAnta siddhAnta saMgata pratIta nahIM ho rahA hai| ye donoM hI vidvAn a priori logic ke samarthaka haiN| - jaina tArkikoM kA mantavya hai ki vastu svarUpa kA nirNaya anubhava nirapekSa tarka se nahIM ho sktaa| usakA nirNaya anubhava ke dvArA hI ho sakatA hai| anubhava meM vastu kA svarUpa ubhayAtmaka pratibhAsita hotA hai| hameM tarka ke AdhAra para vastu ke svarUpa kA apalApa nahIM karanA cAhie kintu anubhava se prApta tathyoM ko tarka ke dvArA vyavasthita karanA hI aucityapUrNa hai| jaina tArkikoM kA yaha bhI maMtavya hai ki vastu ko abhedamAtra athavA bhedamAtra mAnanevAloM ko bhI pratIti (anubhava) ko to avazya svIkAra karanA cAhie kyoMki vastu kI vyavasthA pratIti ke dvArA hI hotI hai / nIla pIta Adi padArthoM kI vyavasthA saMvedana ke dvArA hI hotI hai ataH virodha meM bhI saMvedana hI pramANa hai / arthAt anubhava ke dvArA asti-nAsti virodhI dharma eka hI vastu meM rahate haiM / yaha yathArtha hai / ghaTa, mukuTa evaM svarNa meM bheda ko avabhAsita karanevAlA jJAna spaSTa rUpa se ho rahA hai| vastu kI vyavasthA saMvedanAdhIna hI hai / isameM virodha kI gaMdha kA bhI avakAza nahIM hai| mImAMsA darzana meM bhI vastu vyavasthA meM anubhava ko hI pramANa mAnA hai| zabara bhASya meM spaSTarUpa se kahA gayA hai jaba tarka evaM padArtha ke anubhava meM kisI eka kA tyAga karanA ho to tarka kA hI tyAga karanA cAhie kintu jo pratyakSa se vastu dRSTigocara ho rahI hai usakA apahnava karanA saMgata nahIM hai| pratyayavAdI dArzanikoM kA yaha abhyupagama vicAraNIya hai ki bheda aura abheda paraspara eka-dUsare kA parihAra karake hI vastu meM rahate haiM ataH ina donoM meM koI eka hI vastu meM raha sakatA hai / astitva-nAstitva eka sAtha vastu meM rahate hue spaSTa dRSTigocara ho rahe haiM / ataH pratyayavAdI dArzanikoM kA abhyupagama yathArtha se pare hai / yadi yaha kahA jAye ki unameM paraspara virodha hai ataH ve sAtha meM nahIM rahate yaha kathana bhI tarkapUrNa nahIM hai kyoMki virodha abhAva ke dvArA sAdhya hotA hai" / anupalabdhi hetu se ghor3e ke sira
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________________ anekAnta kA tAttvika evaM tArkika AdhAra | 149 para sIMga nahIM hai yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai kintu jo upalabdha ho rahA hai usakA abhAva kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai? padArtha meM astitva evaM nAstitva kA saha-upalambha ho rahA hai| taba unakA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vastu ke svarUpa meM hastakSepa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| - vastu sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hotI hai / isa prakAra kA vastu kA mizrita svarUpa jaina ke atirikta naiyAyika, sAMkhya evaM mImAMsaka ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| kintu isa tAttvika siddhAnta ke tArkika pakSa kA vistAra kevala jainoM ne hI kiyA hai jisake pariNAmasvarUpa vicAra ke niyamoM ke mUlyAMkana meM eka krAntikArI parivartana huaa| ___ jaina tArkikoM ne dRr3hatA ke sAtha apane maMtavya ko prastuta karate hue kahA-vastu ke svabhAva kA nirNaya kevala mAtra anubhava se hI ho sakatA hai| anubhava nirapekSa tarka vastu svarUpa ke nirNaya kA sAdhana nahIM ho sktii| yadyapi jaina ke anubhava kA kSetra vistRta hai vaha tarka, smRti Adi ko bhI anubhava meM hI samAhita karatA hai| - DaoN. satakor3I mukharjI ne paramparAgata prasthAnoM meM svIkRta vicAra ke niyamoM ko jaina vastuvAda ke sandarbha meM prastuta kiyA hai, jo nizcita rUpa se mananIya hai / paramparAgata.. . prasthAnoM meM vicAra ke tIna niyama pracalita haiM- (1) Law of Identity. A is A (tAdAtmaya kA niyama jo hai so hai) ... (2).Law of Contradicition. (virodha kA niyama / ) . Acannot both be and not be. (koI bhI padArtha aisA nahIM jo ho bhI aura nahIM bhI ho|) ... (3) Law of excluded middle. (madhya vyAvartaka niyama / ) A must bex or not X. (pratyeka padArtha yA hai yA nahIM hai|) virodha ke niyama kA vaktavya niSedhAtmaka hotA hai, vaha yaha batAne meM asamartha hai ki vastu kyA hai ? jabaki madhya vyAvartaka vastu kaisI hai ? yaha batAtA hai| . . vicAra ke ye niyama satya haiM kintu jaba taka inake sAtha Avazyaka zarte na jor3I bAyeM taba taka ye vAstavika tathyoM kA vizuddha rUpa se pratipAdana karane meM asamartha haiN| baina ina niyamoM kI anubhava nirapekSatA para vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| anubhava nirapekSa tarka para AdhArita vicAra ke niyama tathyoM kA jJAna karAne meM bhrAmaka hote haiN| anubhavagamya mathyoM ke parIkSaNa se padArtha kA svarUpa parivartanazIla pratIta hotA hai tathA jaina kA yaha gaMtavya hai ki vicAra ke ina niyamoM ko vastu ke parivartana evaM usake anya pakSoM se . sAmaJjasya rakhanA caahie|
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________________ 150 / ArhatI-dRSTi .. A priori logic' para AdhArita 'a a hai' tAdAtmya kA yaha niyama vastu svarUpa kA nirNaya nahIM kara sakatA / apitu isakA vaktavya vastu svarUpa ko anyathA rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai| In its bare form Ais A, the law does not possess any significance and is apparently nothing more than tautology. If, however, it is taken to express the mere identity of the subject and the predicate, it goes only half way towards the acquisition of meaning, because it leaves out the difference without which the identity is unmeanings. __ a, a hai / tAdAtmya kA yaha niyama pratIkavAda ke doSa se dUSita hai jyoMhI hama pratIka ke sthAna para kisI vAstavika padArtha ko sthApita karate haiM taba yaha tathya spaSTa ho jAtA hai| lekhanI lekhanI hai' yaha tAdAtmya kA niyama hai kintu hama dekhate haiM ki lekhanI meM pratikSaNa parivartana ho rahA hai / jaba yaha kArakhAne se banakara AyI thI, taba naI thI, aba purAnI ho gayI hai| naI-purAnI lekhanI nitAnta eka nahIM ho sktii| lekhanI banane se pUrva evaM lekhanI ke TUTa jAne ke bAda, yaha lekhanI nahIM rhegii| ataH '. tAdAtmya kA niyama sazarta hI satya ho sakatA hai| . . In the language of Jaina Philosopher, the above form can be expressed as 'In one particular aspect A is a. The law of identity thus becomes significant if interpreted in the light of syadavada." (syAdvAda) lekhanI apane sva dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI apekSA lekhanI hI hai| svacatuSTya ke niyama ke sAtha hI tAdAtmya kA niyama vastu svarUpa kI vyAkhyA ke kSetra meM yathArtha ho sakatA hai| virodha evaM madhya vyAvartaka niyama ke sandarbha meM bhI yahI zarta lAgU hotI hai| virodha ke niyama ke anusAra eka vastu hai aura nahIM, donoM nahIM ho sktii| kintu vizleSaNa karane para jJAta ho jAtA hai ki apekSA bheda se virodhI dharma bhI eka sAtha ghaTita hote haiN| astitva, nAstitva, apekSAbheda se eka hI dharmI meM rahate haiN| lekhanI lekhanItvenaM astirUpa hai kintu alekhanItvena asti rUpa nahIM hai ataH virodha ke niyama kI prAmANikatA bhI sazarta hai arthAt lekhanI apane sva dravya, kSetra, kAla bhAva kI apekSA hai aura nahIM donoM nahIM ho sakatI yaha satya hai kintu para dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva
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________________ anekAnta kA tAttvika evaM tArkika AdhAra / 151 kI apekSA to nAsti rUpa hI hai| yahI zarta madhya vyAvartaka niyama ke sandarbha meM hai| ___ anubhava nirapekSa tarka ke AdhAra para vicAra ke niyamoM kI vyAkhyA karanevAloM ko bhI madhya vyAvartaka niyama ke sandarbha meM anubhava kA upayoga karanA hI hogaa| 'ghor3A yA to lAla hai yA lAla nahIM hai' isakI prAmANikatA niHsandeha anubhava se hI jAnI jA sakatI hai| .. astitva evaM nAstitva donoM eka sAtha nahIM raha sakate yaha vaicArika stara para mAnA jA sakatA hai kintu vastu jagat meM mAtra astitvayukta athavA mAtra nAstitvayukta koI bhI vastu nahIM hai / vastu meM astitva evaM nAstitva yugapat hai / jaina ke anusAra vicAra ke niyama taba hI satya evaM prAmANika ho sakate haiM, yadi ve vastu ke niyama hoN| yadi ve mAtra tarka ke niyama haiM to vastubodha meM unakI prAmANikatA nahIM ho sktii| - yadi nirapekSa tarka se vastu kA svarUpa jAnA jAtA to vedAnta aura bauddha jo nikhAlisa tarka ke AdhAra para calate haiM, unake vastu ke sandarbha meM eka jaise vicAra hone cAhie the kintu una donoM ke vastu ke sambandha meM paraspara sarvathA virodhI vicAra anya darzanoM meM ekatra virodha kI svIkRti _ anya ekAntavAdI darzanoM meM aneka sthaloM para ekatra virodhI dharmoM kA svIkAra huA hai| Rgveda kA nAsadIya sUtra isakA pramANa hai / usa samaya na asat thA na sat thaa| isakI vyAkhyA meM bhASyakAra sAyaNa yaha kahate hue bhI ki sat, asat paraspara virodhI haiM phira bhI unakA ekatra sahAvasthAna svIkAra karate haiM / upaniSadoM meM aneka sthaloM para brahma meM virodhI dharmoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| kaThopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai-'baiThA huA dUra calA jAtA hai, soyA huA sarvatra pahu~ca jAtA hai / kaThopaniSad ke isI mantra kI vyAkhyA meM svayaM zaMkarAcArya ne jJAta yA ajJAta rUpa se ekatra virodhI.dharmoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| - IzAvAsyopaniSad meM brahmasvarUpa kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai, vaha Atma tattva calatA bhI hai aura nahIM bhI calatA / vaha dUra bhI hai aura samIpa bhI hai" / Atmatattva meM Agata ina virodhI dharmoM ko svayaM zaMkarAcArya ne apekSA bheda se hI samAhita kiyA hai| vaha brahma ajJAniyoM ko saiMkar3oM karor3a varSoM meM bhI aprApya hai / ataH vaha dUra hai aura vahI vidvAnoM kI apekSA atyanta samIpa haiM / tadejati isa mantra kI vyAkhyA meM Iza ke bhASyakAra uvvaTa bhI apekSA kA hI. prayoga karate haiM / vaha AtmA sarvaprANiyoM meM avasthita hai ataH kriyAzIla hai tathA vahI
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________________ 152 / ArhatI-dRSTi sthAvara rUpa meM avasthita hai ataH gatizIla nahIM hai / vaha Aditya, nakSatra Adi rUpa meM avasthita hai ataH dUra hai| vahI pRthvI Adi meM avasthita isa apekSA se nikaTa bhI ___ ina udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki vastu meM virodhI dharma rahate haiM evaM apekSA bheda se hI unakA samAdhAna prApta hotA hai| bauddha darzana meM aneka sthAna para anekAntavAdI vicAradhArA kA ullekha huA hai| bhagavAn buddha svayaM kahate haiM ki maiM vibhAjyavAdI hU~ / gRhastha, ArAdhaka-virAdhaka donoM hotA hai| ArAdhaka-virAdhaka donoM virodhI dharma haiM, unako apekSA bheda se samAhita karate hue bhagavAn buddha kahate haiM--gRhastha yadi micchApratipanna hai to virAdhaka hai, samyak pratipanna hai to ArAdhaka haiM / udAna meM andhoM evaM hAthI kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai aura kahA gayA.ye ekAMzadarzI hai / ataH inakA mantavya yathArtha nahIM hai| .. ___ sAMkhya bhI eka vastu meM virodhI dharma ko svIkAra karatA hai| usakI prakRti triguNAtmikA hai| tInoM hI guNa paraspara virodhI haiM ve prakRti meM rahate haiM / sAMkhya kA pariNAma siddhAnta to anekAnta kA hI upajIvI hai| sthira dravya ke pUrvadharma ke nivRta hone para uttara dharma kA utpAda honA hI pariNAma hai| - nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM bhI anekAnta ke samarthaka bicAra upalabdha hai| vaizeSika dArzanikoM ne eka hI pRthvI ko nitya-anitya rUpa svIkAra kiyA hai| AkAza meM saMyoga evaM vibhAga ko svIkAra kara use anitya bhI mAna liyA hai| bauddha vidvAn nAgArjuna ke prazna ko samAhita karate samaya unhoMne eka hI vastu ko pramANa evaM prameya donoM svIkAra kiyA hai aura apane maMtavya ko tulA ke udAharaNa se puSTa kiyA hai / AtmA jJAna kA viSaya banatI hai ataH prameya bhI hai tathA jAnane kI kriyA AtmA meM hotI hai ataH pramAtA hai / AtmA kI jJAnAtmaka pravRtti pramANa hai aura AtmA hI pramiti bana jAtI hai| mImAMsaka darzana to spaSTa rUpa se eka hI vastu ko sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka, utpAda-vyaya evaM dhovya rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hI hai| __uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM meM anekAnta darzana ke kamobeza rUpa meM sphuliMga upalabdha hai| jaina vastuvAda kI anekAntAtmaka svIkRti jJAna-vijJAna ke kSetra meM naye-naye . anveSaNoM kI AdhArabhUmi evaM unakI satyatA kI sAkSI banatI hai / jaisA ki vI. sI... mahalanobisa ne likhA hai
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________________ anekAnta kA tAttvika evaM tArkika AdhAra / 153 I should draw attention to the realist and pluralist views of Jaina philosophy and the continuing emphasis on the multiform and infinitely deversified aspect of reality which amounts to the acceptance of an 'open' view of the universe with scope for unending change and discovery:" . anekAnta vastu ke svarUpa kA nirmANa nahIM krtaa| vastu kA svarUpa svabhAva se hai / vaha aisA kyoM hai ? isakI vyAkhyA nahIM kI jA sakatI / 'svabhAve tArkikA bhagnA:' vastu kA jaisA svarUpa hai, usakI vyAkhyA karanA anekAnta kA kArya hai| ___ vastu anekAntAtmaka hai| usameM astitva-nAstitva Adi dharmoM kA sahAvasthAna hai| kisI bhI pramANa ke dvArA unakI sahAvasthiti kA apalApa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ubhayAtmaka vastu hamArI pratIti kA viSaya banatI hai / ataH yaha pramANasiddha hai ki vastu virodhI dharmoM se yukta hai| AcArya dharmakIrti ke zabdoM ko maiM isa rUpa meM prayoga karanA cAhUMgI-'yadIdaM svayamarthebhyo rocate tatra ke vayam' |ydi virodha svayaM dravyoM ko rucikara hai to vahA~ hama cintA karanevAle kauna hote haiN| hamArI cintA yaha ho sakatI hai ki hama virodhI dharmoM meM paraspara samanvaya ke sUtroM kA anveSaNa kareM / anekAnta vastu ke virodhI dharmoM meM samanvaya ke sUtroM ko khojanevAlA mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta hai| dArzanika evaM vyAvahArika jagat kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAyaka hai| jeNa viNA logassa vavahAro savvahA Na nnivvddii| tassa bhuvaNekkaguruNo nnmo'nnegNtvaayss|| . . pratipAdya ke niSkarSa1. samagra bhAratIya cintana pratyayavAda evaM vastuvAda ina do dhArAoM meM samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| 2. jaina darzana kA naya-siddhAnta vastuvAda evaM pratyayavAda donoM kA samanvaya karatA hai| 3. pUrva mImAMsA sammata vastu trayAtmaka hai ataH usakI jaina vastuvAda se sadRzatA . . 4. vastu meM virodhI dharmoM kA sahAvasthAna hI anekAnta.kA tAttvika AdhAra 5. jaina sammata vastu kI nityAnityAtmakatA jAtyantara hai|
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________________ 154 / AhatI-dRSTi .. 6. * ekAnta evaM nirapekSa sAmAnya-vizeSa meM AnevAle doSa jAtyantara vastu meM nahIM A skte| 7. vastu kI vyavasthA saMvedana se hI ho sakatI hai| 8. vicAra ke niyama anubhava sApekSa hokara hI satya kI vyAkhyA kara sakate 9. sabhI darzanoM ne kisI na kisI rUpa meM ekatra virodhI dharmoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| . 10. sabhI dArzanikoM ko virodhI dharmoM kI vyavasthA sApekSatA ke AdhAra para hI karanI par3atI hai| 11. anekAnta, virodhI dharmoM meM samanvaya ke sUtroM kA anveSaNa karatA hai| sandarbha : 1. SaNNAmapipadArthanAmastitvAbhidheyatvajJeyatvAni / prazastapAdabhASya pR. 41 / / 2. 'yato vAcA nivartante aprApya manasA saha / '. . . .taitirIyopaniSad 2/4 3. 'sarvaM khalvidaM brhm'| chAndogyopaniSad 14/1 / 4. 'neha nAnAsti kiNcn'| - kAThakopaniSad, 2/1/11 / 5. cittamAtraM na dRzyo'sti, dvidhA cittaM hi dRshyte| laMkAvatAra sUtra 3/65 / 6. nAnyo'nubhAvyastenAsti, tasya naanubhvo'prH| tasyApi tulyacodyatvAt svayaM saiva prakAzate // pramANavArtika 3/2/327 / 7. na san nAsan na sadasana caapynubhyaatmkm| catuSkoTinirmuktaM tattvaM mAdhyamikAH viduH|| . mAdhyamika kArikA 1/7 / 8. dve satye samupAzritya buddhAnAM dhrmdeshnaa| lokasaMvRtisatyaM ca satyaM ca paramArthataH // madhyamakavRtti 24/8 / kalpitaH paratantrazca, pariniSpanna eva c| arthAdabhUtakalpAcca, dvayAbhAvAcca kathyate // . bauddha darzana mImAMsA, pR. 222
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________________ anekAnta kA tAttvika evaM tArkika AdhAra | 155 10. pRthvI jalaM tathA tejo vAyurbhUta ctussttym| . caitanyabhUmireteSAM mAnaM tvakSajameva hi // . . SaDdarzana samuccaya, zloka 83 / 11. . tatra te sarvAstivAdino bAhyamantaraM ca vastu abhyupagacchati bhUtaM ca bhautikaM ca cittaM ca caitaM c| .. zAMkarabhASya 2/2/17 / 12. niilpiitaadibhishcitrairbuddhyaakaarairihaantraiH| sautrAntikamate nityaM bAhyArthastvanumIyate // sarvasiddhAnta saMgraha, pR. 13 / 13. mUlaprakRtiravikRtirmahadAdyaH prakRtivikRtayaH spt| SoDaSakazca vikAro na prakRtiH na vikRtiH puruSaH // sAMkhyakArikA, kA. 3 / 14. 'pramANaprameya saMzayaprayojana tattvajJAnAd nizreyasAdhigamaH' / nyAyadarzana 1/1 / 15. pramANamImAMsA, prastAvanA, pR. 2 / 16. (ka) savve sarA nniyttRti| AyAro 5/123 / . (kha) takkA jattha Na vijji|.. . vahI 5/124 / .. (ga) maI tattha na graahiyaa| .. vahI 5/125 / .. (gha) uvamA Na vijjii| vahI 5/137 / 17. tumaMsi nAma sacceva jaM haMtavvaM ti mnsi| vahI 5/101 / 18. sthAnAMga 1/1 / / 19. jANadi passadi savvaM vavahAraNayeNa kevalI bhagavaM / kevalaNANI jANadi passadi niyameNa appANaM // niyamasAra gAthA, 159 20. udayati na nayazrIrastameti pramANaM, kvacidapi na vidyo yAti nikSepacakram / kimaparamabhidhmo dhAmni sarvaMkaSe'sminnanubhavamupayAte bhAti na dvaitameva // samayasAra, AtmakhyAti, pR. 75, kArikA-9 / 21. nAnAjJAnasvabhAvatvAt eko'neko'pi naiva sH| . cetanaikasvabhAvattvAt ekAnekAtmako bhavet // sva. saMbodhana, zloka 6 / 22. ThANaM sUtra, pR. . 23. NiyayavayaNijja saccA savvanayA paraviyAlaNe mohaa| ... te uNa Na diTThasamao vibhayai sacce va alie vaa|| sanmatitarka prakaraNa 1/28 /
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________________ 156 / ArhatI-dRSTi 24. Advanced Studies in Indian logic and Metaphysics, P. 110 25. Jain, Theories of Reality and knowledge P. 25 26.. vardhamAnakabhate ca rucakaH kriyate ydaa| tadA pUrvArthinaH zokaH prItizcApyuttarArthinaH / / hemArthinastu mAdhyasthaM tasmAd vastu tryaatmkm| . notpAdasthitibhaGgAnAmabhAve syAnmatitrayam // . zlokavArtika, vanavAda, zloka 21-22 27. ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI naashotpaadsthitissvym| . zokapramodamAdhyasthyaM jano yAti sahetukam // . . AptamImAMsA, zloka 59 / 28. 'ihAnaikAntikaM vastvityevaM jJAnaM sunishcitm'| . zlokavArtika, vanavAda, zloka 80 / 29. 'anekAntAtmakaM vastu gocaraH srvsNvidaam'| .: : nyAyAvatAra, kArikA 29 / 30. sanmatitarka prakaraNa, prastAvanA,. .. pR. 87, hindI saMskaraNa / 31.. tasmAdubhayahAnena vyaavRttynugmaatmkH| . puruSo'bhyupagantavyaH kuNDalAdiSu svarNavat // zlokavArtika, AtmavAda, zloka 28 / 32. mImAMsA zloka vArtika, pR. 844-45 / . 33. aparyayaM vastu samasyamAnamadravyametacca vivicymaanm| AdezabhedoditasaptabhaGgamadIdRzatvaM budharUpavaidyam // . anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA, zloka 23 / 34. nirvizeSaM na sAmAnyaM bhvecchshvissaannvt| sAmAnyarahitatvAcca vizeSAstadvadeva hi // .. . zlokavArtika, vanavAda 10 / 35. dravyaM payAryaviyutaM paryAyA drvyvrjitaaH| kva kadA kena kiMrUpAM dRSTA mAnanena kena vaa|| uddhRta syAdvAdamaMjarI, kArikA 5 36. uppanei vA vigame i vA dhuve i vA / bhagavaI / 37. tatvArtha sUtra 5/30 / .
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________________ anekAnta kA tAttvika evaM tArkika AdhAra / 157 38. 'yadeva tat tadevAtat yadevaikaM tadevAnekam yadeva sat tadevAsat yadeva nityaM ____tadevAnityam... viruddhazaktidvayaprakAzanamanekAntaH' / samayasAra, AtmakhyAti 10/247 / 39. sadasannityAnityAdisarvathaikAntapratikSepalakSaNo'nekAntaH / - jainendrasiddhAnta koza, aSTazatI (pR. 286) 40. 'tllkssnntvaadvstunH'| pramANa-mImAMsA 1/1/32 / 41. artha kriyA na yujyeta nitykssnnikpkssyoH| - kramAkramAbhyAM bhAvAnAM sA ca lakSaNatayA matA // laghIyastrayI 2/1 42. 'pratyekaM yo bhaved doSo dvayorbhAve kathaM na sa' / pramANa-mImAMsA, pR. 29 / 43. 'na dravyarUpaM na paryAyarUpaM nobhayarUpaM vastuM, yena tattatpakSabhAvI doSaH syAt, kintu sthityutpAdavyayAtmakaM zabalaM jAtyantarameva vstu'| . pramANa-mImAMsA, pR. 29 / 44. ko aNeyaMto NAma? jcctrttN| dhavalA 15/25/1 / 45. Jaina Theories of Reality and Knowledge, p. 194. 46. guDazcet kaphahetuH syAt nAgaraM pittkaarnnm| * tanmUlamanyadevedaM guDanAgarasaMjJitam // .. ' nyAyAvatAra vArtiva vRtti, pR. 88 / .. 47. anugatavyAvRttAkArA buddhirdvayAtmakaM vastu vyavasthApayati / nyAyAvatAra vArtika vRtti, pR. 87 / 48. 'eka eva sAmAnyavizeSAtmArtha: prameya: ' - prameya kamala mArtaNDa pR. 180 / 49. abhinnAMzaM mataM vastu tathobhayamayAtmakaM / pratipatterUpAyena nayabhedena kathyate // . tattvArthabhASyAnusAriNI, (pR. 180) 50. Jaina Theories of Reality and knowledge, p. 98. 51. astitvaM pratiSedhyenAvinAbhAvyeka dhrminni| vizeSaNatvAt sAdharmyaM yathAbheda vivakSayA / nAstitvaM pratiSedhyenAvinAbhAvyekarmiNi / ... vizeSaNatvAdvaidhayaM yathA'bheda vivakSayA / . Apta mImAMsA, zloka 17-18 / 52. 'arpitAnarpitasiddheH' tattvArthasUtra 5/32 / .
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________________ 158 / ArhatI-dRSTi 53. dharme dharme'nya evArtho dhrminno'nntdhrmnnH| aGgitve'nyatamAntasya zeSAntAnAM tadaGgatA // AptamImAMsA, zloka 22 / 54. sadeva sarvaM ko necchet svarUpAdi catuSTyAt / asadeva viparyAsAnna cenna vyavatiSThate / vahI, zloka 15 / 55. jaina nyAya kA vikAsa pR. 70 / .56: brahmasUtra zAMkarabhASyam 2/2/33, pR. 510 / . . . . . 57. na hyekasmindharmiNi yugapatsadasattvAdi viruddhadharmasamAvezaH saMbhavati, - shiitossnnvt| . brahmasUtra zAMkara bhASya 2/2/33, 58. yadi vastvekamapyutpAdisvabhAvena trayAtmakaM syAt, tadA yugapatparaspara virodhina utpAda-sthiti-vinAzAH prApnuvanti / na ca virodhinAmekatra yugapad bhAvo yuktH| . tattvasaMgraha, zloka, 1779 (TIkA), 59. kalpayatApyabhedamAtraM bhedamAtraM vA pratItiravazyA'bhyupagamanIyAH tnnibndhntvaadvstuvyvsthaayaaH| prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR. 4 / 60. yasmAdanyatrApi nIlapItavyavasthA saMvedananibandhanaiva, tadihApi virodhe'pi . saMvedanameva prmaannmiti| nyAyAvatAra vArtika vRtti, pR. 87 / . * 61. ghaTamaulisuvarNeSu buddhirbhedaavbhaasinii| saMviniSThA hi bhAvAnAM sthitiH kA'tra viruddhatA // nyAyAvatAra vArtika vRtti, kA. 35 / 62. tadavazyakarttavye'pahnave kAmaM vijJAnamaparaiyate nArthAH / - mImAMsAdarzanam, pR. 85 / 63. virodho dhnplmbhsaadhyH| prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pr.4| 64. The Naiyayika and the Jaina and other realists of India are agreed on this question of complex nature of existents as well as the competency of direct experience with regard to this complex character. Although the complex nature of reals is emphasised by the Naiyayika and the Mimanisists also, the logical implications of this ontological doctrine were worked out by the Jaina alone; and the result has been a momentous revolution in the evaluation of the laws of thought. The Jaina Philosophy of non-absolutism, p. 6. in
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________________ anekAnta kA tAttvika evaM tArkika AdhAra / 159 65. Eassy on Anekant, Syadvad and saptbhangi. . - AcArya bhikSu smRti grantha, p. 88 / 66. Eassy on Anekant, Syadvada and Saptbhangi. AcArya bhikSu smRti grantha, p. 89 / 67. nAsadAsIno sdaasiittdaanii...| . RgvedasaMhita 10/129/1 / 68. yadyapi sadasadAtmakaM pratyekaM vilakSaNaM bhavati, tathApi bhAvAbhAvayoH sahAva sthAnamapi sNbhvti| Rgveda saMhitA, bhASya 10/129/1 / 69. AsIno dUraM vrajati zayAno yAti srvtH| kastaM madAdaM devaM madanyo jJAtumarhati // kaThopaniSad 1/2/21 / 70. samado'madazca saharSo'harSazca viruddhadharmavAnato'zakyatvAjjJAtuM / __ kaThopaniSad zAMkarabhASya 1/2/21 / 71. tadejati tannajati taddUre tdvntike| * tadantarasya sarvasya tadu sarvasyAsya baahytH|| IzAvAsyopaniSad, 5 / . 72. IzAvAsyopaniSad zAMkarabhASya, maMtra 5 / 73. tadeva sarvaprANirUpeNAvasthitaM sat ejati, tannaijati sthAvararUpAvasthitaM sat / tadeva va dUre AdityanakSatrarUpeNAvasthitaM sat tadeva caM antike : pRthivyaadiruupennaavsthitm| . Iza uvvaTakRtabhASya, maMtra 5 / 74. majjhima nikAya II, pR. 469 / 75. Eassy of Anekanta By N.M. Tatia. udAna, pR. 143-45, 76. triguNamaviveki.. . sAMkhyakArikA, kA. 11 / 77. 'avasthitasya dravyasya pUrvadharmanivRttau dharmAntarotpattiH prinnaamH'| ... pAtaJjalayogadarzana bhASya 3/13, 78. 'sA ca nityA, anityA, AkAze saMyogavibhAgau' / uddhRta syAdvAdamaMjarI kArikA, 5 / 79. 'prameyA ca tulaapraamaannyvt'| nyAyadarzana, 2/1/16 / 80. nyAyadarzana 2/1/19 / / 81. - The Foundation of Statistics Dilectica, bhaag-8|
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________________ samAja-vyavasthA meM anekAnta jeNa viNA logassa vavahAro savvahA Na nivvddi| tassa bhuvaNekkaguruNo, Namo annegNtvaayss|| .... anekAntavAda ko namaskAra hai, kyoMki usake binA isa saMsAra kA vyavahAra bhI saMcAlita nahIM ho sakatA / satya-prApti kI bAta to dUra, anekAnta ke abhAva meM samAja, parivAra Adi ke sambandhoM kA nirvAha bhI samyak rUpa se nahIM ho sktaa| anekAnta sabakI dhurI meM hai| isalie vaha samUce jagat kA ekamAtra guru aura anuzAstA hai| sArA satya aura sArA vyavahAra usake dvArA saMcAlita ho rahA hai| anekAnta trANa hai, zaraNa hai, gati aura pratiSThA hai| __ jaina darzana kA prANa-tattva anekAnta hai / jaise anekAnta kA dArzanika svarUpa evaM upayoga hai vaise hI jIvana ke vyAvahArika pahaluoM se jur3I samasyAoM kA samAdhAna bhI hama anekAnta ke Aloka meM prApta kara sakate haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA udghoSa rahA-AcAra meM ahiMsA aura vicAra meM anekAnta kA prakAza ho / ahiMsA anekAnta kA hI vyAvahArika pakSa hai / anekAnta arthAt vastu ko, satya ko aneka pahaluoM se dekhanA evaM smjhnaa| vItarAgatA, samyak darzana ye anekAnta ke hI samAnArthI hai| vItarAgatA kA artha hai-rAga-dveSa mukt-cetnaa| jaba taka rAga-dveSa rahegA taba taka anekAnta vyavahArya hI nahIM ho sktaa| jaise-jaise rAga-dveSa kA alpIkaraNa hogA anekAnta kI jyoti prajvalita hogii| samyak darzana ke abhAva meM dRSTikoNa kA pariSkAra nahIM hogaa| usake pariSkAra ke abhAva meM icchita sAdhya kI tarapha caraNaM gatizIla nahIM ho skte| satya eka rUpa hai para usakA pratipAdana aneka rUpa se ho rahA hai / satahI dRSTi se dekhane para vaha pratipAdana paraspara sarvavirodhI pratIta hotA hai / kintu anekAnta ke Aloka meM dekhane se samasyA samAhita hotI hai / sampUrNa satya anubhava kA viSaya to.ho sakatA hai kintu bhASA dvArA usakA prakaTIkaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| sampUrNa jJAna vANI kA viSaya nahIM ho sktaa| vANI ke dvArA to satyAMza kA hI pratipAdana kiyA jA sakatA hai| anekAnta ke anusAra sabhI vicAroM meM satyAMza hai, ve bhrAnta nahIM haiN| siddhasena
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________________ samAja-vyavasthA meM anekAnta / 161 divAkara ne kahA - 'jAvaiyA vayaNapahA tAvaiyA ceva hoti nnyvaayaa|' kintu isa saccAI ko bhI sAmane rakhanA hogA ki vicAra meM satyAMza avazya hai kintu vahI ekamAtra satya nahIM hai / isa kasauTI para cintana ko kasane para vicAra kabhI saMkIrNa nahIM ho sakate / sambhAvanAoM kA vyApaka dvAra khulA rahatA hai / dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM paristhiti Adi ke anusAra cintana mukhya, gauNa bhI hote rahe haiM / anekAnta svataH siddha tattva mImAMsA nahIM hai| vaha vicAratantra kA upakaraNa hai / dArzanika samasyAoM ke nirAkaraNa meM anekAnta kA prayoga bahuta huA hai, kintu Aja yaha apekSA mahasUsa kI jA rahI hai ki kyA anekAnta jIvana darzana bana sakatA hai? kyA anekAnta ke dvArA samasAmayika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna khojA jA sakatA hai ? jo siddhAnta samasAmayika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna nahIM de sake usakI prAsaMgikatA para praznacihna laga jAtA hai| anekAnta Aja bhI prAsaMgika hai| apekSA mAtra itanI hai ki vyakti isake prayoktA bneN| rASTrIya, antarrASTrIya, sAmAjika, pArivArika evaM vaiyaktika Adi vibhinna samasyAoM kA samAdhAna anekAnta dRSTi se prApta ho sakatA hai| prastuta nibandha meM samAja-vyavasthA ke sandarbha meM anekAnta kI kyA bhUmikA ho sakatI hai, usakA digdarzana prApta ho skegaa| _- samAja evaM samAja zAstra ke kSetra meM anekAnta kI bhUmikA nirdhAraNa se pUrva vartamAna meM pracalita samAja evaM samAja zAstra kI avadhAraNAoM para vicAra-vimarza karaNIya hai| vyakti pArivArika, dhArmika, rASTrIya, antarrASTrIya Adi aneka sambandhoM se jur3A hotA hai| sAmAjika sambandhoM kA yahI jAla jaba aneka rItiyoM aura niyamoM se eka vyavasthA meM parivartita ho jAtA hai taba isI vyavasthA ko hama samAja kahate haiN| mekAivara evaM peja ne samAja ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai-'samAja rItiyoM, kArya-vidhiyoM, adhikAra va pArasparika sahAyatA, aneka samUhoM tathA unake vibhAjanoM, mAnava vyavahAra ke niyantraNoM tathA svatantratAoM kI vyavasthA hai| isa sadaiva parivartana honevAlI tathA jaTila vyavasthA ko hI hama samAja kahate haiM / samAja sAmAjika sambandhoM kA jAla hai aura sadaiva parivartita hotA rahatA hai|' mekAivara ne samAja ko sAmAjika sambandhoM kA jAla kahate hue una AdhAroM ko bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| una AdhAroM ke dvArA ye sambandha vyavasthita samAja saMracanA kA nirmANa karate haiN| ginsabarga kA kathana hai-'samAja aise vyaktiyoM kA saMgraha hai jo kucha vyavahAroM athavA sambandhoM kI vidhiyoM dvArA saMgaThita , hai tathA una vyaktiyoM se bhinna hai.jo isa prakAra ke sambandhoM dvArA baMdhe hue nahIM haiM athavA
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________________ 162 / ArhatI-dRSTi jinake vyavahAra unase bhinna haiN| isa paribhASA se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vibhinna samAjoM ko eka-dUsare se pRthak karane kA AdhAra unake sAmAjika sambandhoM kI hI bhinnatA hai tathA samAja mAtra vyaktiyoM kA samUha nahIM hai balki unake bIca pAye jAnevAle sambandhoM kI vyavasthA hai| reyUTara (Reuter) ke anusAra, samAja eka amUrta dhAraNA hai jo eka samUha ke sadasyoM ke bIca pAye jAnevAle pArasparika sambandhoM kI sampUrNatA kA bodha karAtI hai| ina sabhI paribhASAoM ke niSkarSa rUpa meM prApta hotA hai ki samAja amUrta hai / vaha mAtra vyaktiyoM kA samUha nahIM hai balki unake pArasparika sambandhoM kI eka vyavasthA hai| sAmAjika DhA~ce, sAmAjika prakriyAoM, samUhoM tathA unake antarsambandhoM ke vijJAna ko samAja zAstra kahate haiN| samAja zAstra kI viSaya-vastu kA kSetra vistRta hai| usake antargata jIvana se sambandhita saba pahaluoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| samAja vyavasthA ke kucha praznoM kA samAdhAna isa nibandha meM anekAnta dRSTi se khojane kA vinamra prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| vyakti samAja kA sambandha aura anekAnta samAja aura vyakti kA vyaSTi aura samaSTi kA sambandha hai| samAja samaSTi evaM vyakti vyaSTi hai| samAja kA eka ghaTaka hai--vyakti / jaisA vyakti hogA vaisA hI samAja hogaa| samAjazAstriyoM kA mantavya hai ki vyakti kA vAstavika astitva samAja meM hI sambhava hai| isIlie arastu ne manuSya ko 'sAmAjika prANI' kahA hai| 'Man is a rational animal'. samAja vyakti kI surakSA evaM usake vyaktitva nirmANa kA sAdhana banatA hai ataH vyakti akelA nahIM rahatA vaha sAmUhika jIvana-yApana karatA hai / vyakti aura samAja ye do vAstavikatAe~ haiM / vyaktivAdI dArzanikoM ke anusAra manuSya samAja se bAhara kA prANI hai athavA raha sakatA hai| isa mAnyatA meM yaha vicAra nihita hai ki manuSya samAja meM praveza karane se pUrva vyakti vizeSa hai| ve apanI sampatti, adhikAra, jIvana kI surakSA athavA anya kisI icchita uddezya kI parti ke lie sAmAjika vyavasthA kI sthApanA karate haiN| samAjavAdI dArzanikoM kA siddhAnta yaha hai ki vyakti aura samAja ko eka-dUsare se pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / mAnava vikAsa ke itihAsa meM vyakti ne samAja ke dvArA hI pragati kI hai / ataH samAja hI mukhya hai / eka vicAradhArA ne vyakti ko sarvopari sthAna pradAna kiyA hai to dUsarI ne samAja ko| anekAntavAda vyakti evaM samAja ke sambandha kI sApekSa vyAkhyA karatA hai| vyakti meM vaiyaktikatA aura samAjikatA ina donoM ke mUla tattva sannihita haiN| samAja meM bhI sAmAjikatA evaM vaiyaktitA donoM ke
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________________ .. samAja-vyavasthA meM anekAnta / 163 tattva sannihita haiM / kSamatAoM kA honA vyakti kI vaiyaktitatA hai tathA unakA abhivyakta honA vyakti kI sAmAjikatA hai| ataH vyakti aura samAja eka haiM aura bhinna bhI haiN| vyakti kA AdhAra saMvedana evaM samAja kA AdhAra vinimaya hai| saMvedana kA vinimaya nahIM ho sakatA aura vinimaya kA sabako samAna saMvedana nahIM ho sakatA / vyakti athavA samAja meM se eka ko mukhyatA dene se samasyA paidA hotI hai| 'vyakti vAstavika evaM samAja avAstavika hai' / vyaktivAdI dArzanikoM kI isa svIkRti ne vyakti ko asImita arthasaMgraha kI svatantratA dekara zoSaNa kI samasyA ko paidA kiyaa| 'samAja vAstavika vyakti avAstavika' samAjavAdI dArzanikoM kI isa mAnyatA ne vyakti kI vaicArika svatantratA ko pratibaddha karake mAnava ke yantrIkaraNa kI samasyA ko paidA kiyaa| anekAnta ke AdhAra para vyakti evaM samAja kI samAna evaM sApekSa mUlyavattA kI svIkRti hI ina samasyAoM se mukti pradAna kara sakatI hai| arthatantra meM anekAnta samAja-vyavasthA ke AdhArabhUta tattva do haiM--kAma aura artha / kAma kI sampUrti ke lie sAmAjika sambandhoM kA vistAra hotA hai / arthakAmanA pUrti kA sAdhana banatA hai| samAja-vyavasthA meM mahAmAtya kauTilya ne artha ko mukhya mAnA hai tathA Adhunika samAja-vyavasthA meM bhI artha kI pradhAnatA hai / sAmAjika samAyojana meM artha kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| vartamAna meM artha vyavasthA se sambandhita vicAradhArA, pUMjIvAda, samAjavAda vaM sAmyavAda hai| . (1) pUMjIvAda vyaktigata sampatti kI dhAraNA ko mahattva dekara Arthika kriyAoM ko saMgaThita karatA hai / vyaktigata sampatti kA mantra reta ko bhI sone meM parivartita kara detA hai / isa dhAraNA ko AdhAra mAnate hue pUMjIvAda Arthika svatantratA, pratiyogitA aura pUMjI-saMcaya ko sadaiva prAthamikatA detA hai / pUMjIvAda meM Means of production (utpAdana ke sAdhana) para vyakti vizeSa kA adhikAra rahatA hai| (2) samAjavAdI Arthika vyavasthA zAntipUrNa evaM saMvaidhAnika DhaMga se vyaktigata pUMjI ko sArvajanika pUMjI meM parivartita karane kA prayatna karatI hai| jahAM pUMjIvAda vyaktigata, svAmitva niyantraNa aura adhikAra kI dhAraNA para AdhArita hai, vahI samAjavAda sArvajanika hita aura sArvajanika dhAraNA ko mahattva detA hai| (3) sAmyavAdI arthavyavasthA ko krAntikArI samAjavAdI Arthika vyavasthA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / sAmyavAda kA siddhAnta hai ki lakSya-prApti ke lie pratyeka sAdhana ucita hai| sAmyavAda kA siddhAnta hai ki utpAdana ke sabhI sAdhanoM para rAjya kA
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________________ 164 / ArhatI-dRSTi ekAdhikAra honA cAhie aura samasta Arthika sevAeM sArvajanika adhikAra meM hoN| koI bhI vyavasthA sarvathA pUrNa nahIM hotI, na hI sarvathA bhrAnta / yahI siddhAnta ina Arthika vyavasthAoM para ghaTita hotA hai / sAmyavAdI vyavasthA meM mAtra samAja para dhyAna kendrita kiyA gyaa| vyakti ko mAtra yantra samajhA gyaa| usakI vaiyaktika svatantratA kA hanana huA, isa vyavasthA meM vaiyaktitA kA zoSaNa huaa| sAmyavAda meM vyavasthA ko to badalA gayA kintu vyakti ko sarvathA upekSita kara diyA gyaa| sampatti ke sArvajanikIkaraNa kI vyavasthA bhI kAragara na ho skii| sAmyavAdI zAsakoM ke jIvana meM bhI ghora vilAsitA dekhI gii| romAniyA ke rASTrapati kA jIvana isakA svataH pramANa hai / usake pahanane kI cappaloM taka meM hIre jar3e hue the / ataH vyakti kI upekSA karake mAtra vyavasthA badalane se samAja kI svastha saMracanA nahIM ho sktii| sAmyavAdI vyavasthA meM kArya kI abhipreraNA hI prApta nahIM hotI ataH vyakti vikAsa nahIM kara sktaa| pUMjIvAdI vyavasthA meM bhautika sAdhanoM kI vRddhi ko hI vikAsa kA mAnadaNDa mAnA gyaa| Have and Have not ke AdhAra para vyakti vizeSa kA vibhAjana huaa| pUMjIvAdI vyavasthA meM bhautika vikAsa jitanA huA usase bhI kahIM adhika mAnasika anutApa bddh'aa| pUMjIvAda kI vikAsa kI avadhAraNA kI samIcIna nahIM hai / pUMjIvAdI dezoM meM bhautika sukha-suvidhA ke sAdhanoM kI bharamAra hone para bhI vahAM ke 80% vyakti mAnasika azAnti kA jIvana vyatIta kara rahe haiN| pAgalapana, nazIlI vastuoM kA sevana bar3hatA jA rahA hai.| aisI sthiti vyakti ko sva-nirIkSaNa kI preraNA de rahI hai| satya to yaha ki zAnti sukha Antarika hotA hai / bAhya sAdhanoM meM use prApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kintu ho rahA hai isake viparIta / anekAnta darzana ke anusAra vyakti aura samAja ko sApekSa mUlya pradAna kiyA jaae| unakI pravRtti ko samajhA jAe / vyavasthA bhI badale sAtha meM vyakti kA hRdaya parivartana bhI ho / korA vyakti badale taba bhI svastha samAja saMracanA nahIM ho sktii| kevala sAmAjika evaM Arthika parivartana bhI sthAyI svastha vyavasthA nahIM de sakate / kucha logoM kI yaha avadhAraNA hai ki vyavasthA badalane se hI sArA parivartana ghaTita ho jAegA, yaha ekAMgI avadhAraNA hai / vyakti evaM samAja donoM kA sudhAra sAtha-sAtha calanA cAhie tabhI svastha samAja-vyavasthA ho sakatI hai| 'manuSya sAmAjika prANI hai'-isa vAstavikatA ke sandarbha meM arthazAstra kA AvazyakatA bar3hAo kA siddhAnta galata nahIM hai kintu manuSya kevala kyA sAmAjika hI hai? kyA vaha vyakti nahIM hai? kyA usameM sukha-duHkha kA saMvedana nahIM? AvazyakatAoM kA asImita dabAva kyA usameM zArIrika, mAnasika tanAva paidA nahIM
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________________ samAja-vyavasthA meM anekAnta / 165 karatA hai? isa mAnavIya evaM AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa se icchAoM ko sImita karanA Avazyaka hai| arthazAstrIya evaM adhyAtma zAstrIya dRSTikoNa ko pRthaka-pRthaka sandarbha meM dekhanA hogA / AvazyakatA kama karo' yaha pratipAdana mAnasika azAnti kI samasyA ko sAmane rakhakara kiyA gayA hai / 'AvazyakatAoM kA vistAra karo' yaha pratipAdana manuSya kI sukha-suvidhAoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kiyA gayA hai| mahAvIra ne sAmAjika vyakti ke lie aparigraha kA siddhAnta nahIM diyaa| vaha muni ke lie sambhava hai| sAmAjika manuSya icchA aura AvazyakatAoM ko samApta karake apane jIvana ko nahIM calA sakatA aura unakA vistAra kara zAntipUrNa jIvana nahIM jI sktaa| ataH anekAnta jIvana-zailI kA prathama sUtra hogA--icchA parimANa / icchA ke AdhAra para tIna prakAra ke vargIkaraNa banate haiM-mahecchA, alpecchA evaM anicchaa| pahalA varga una logoM kA hai jinameM icchA kA saMyama nahIM hotaa| isa varga vAle mahecchu evaM mahAn parigraha vAle hote haiM / dUsarA varga jaina zrAvaka athavA anekAnta zailI vAloM kA hai| jinameM icchA kA parimANa hotA hai| ve alpechu evaM alpaparigrahI hote haiN| jahA~ anicchA vahA~ aparigraha hotA hai yaha muni kA varga hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne muni ke lie aparigraha ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA kintu samAja aparigraha se nahIM cltaa| ataH sAmAjika manuSya ke lie icchA parimANa kA vrata diyaa| svastha samAja saMracanA kA yaha mahattvapUrNa sUtra hai / vyaktigata svAmitva kA sImAkaraNa Avazyaka hai| vyakti kA jIvana alpa icchA, alpa saMgraha evaM alpa bhoga se yukta honA caahie| samAja-vyavasthA meM icchA parimANa evaM vaiyaktika svAmitva kI sImA ko caritArtha karane vAlA eka anUThA prayoga pazcima meM zrI arneSTa beDara ne 'skoTa beDara kampanI' ko 'skoTa beDara kAmanaveltha' meM badalakara prastuta kiyaa| isakA vistRta vivaraNa zumArakhara ne 'Small is Beautiful meM prastuta kiyA hai| jisakA sArAMza yahI hai ki atyadhika vaiyaktika lAbha arjana karane kI sthiti meM bhI zrI arneSTa beDara ne sabhI zramikoM ko kampanI kA zeyaraholDara banAkara apane vaiyaktika svAmitva kA visarjana kiyA aura tyAga dvArA icchAoM evaM saJcaya ko sImita karane kA saphala prayoga prastuta kiyaa| zrAvaka kI AcArasaMhitA meM Agata bhogopabhoga veramaNa vrata bhI svastha samAja kA ghaTaka tattva hai / jaba icchA sImita hotI hai aura bhogopabhoga kA bhI parisImana hotA hai taba pramANikatA, arthArjana ke sAdhanoM meM zuddhi Adi apane Apa phalita hote haiN| ye do vrata anekAnta dRSTi ke phalita hai| samAja evaM vyakti
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________________ 166 / ArhatI-dRSTi ke vikAsa ke sUcaka hai| icchA parimANa vrata meM Arthika vikAsa aura unnata jIvana stara kI sambhAvanAoM ke dvAra banda nahIM hote haiM tathA vilAsitA ke AdhAra para honevAlI Arthika pragati ke dvAra bhI khule nahIM rhte| icchA-parimANa ke niSkarSa saMkSepa meM isa prakAra ho sakate haiM (1) na garIbI aura na vilAsitA kA jiivn| (2) santulita smaaj-vyvsthaa| (3) AvazyakatA kI santuSTi ke lie dhana kA arjana kintu dUsaroM ko hAni pahaMcAkara apanI AvazyakatAoM kI santuSTi na ho, isakA jAgarUka prytn| (4) visarjana kI kSamatA kA vikAsa / duHkha-mukti evaM mAnasika zAnti ke lie icchAoM kA alpIkaraNa bahuta Avazyaka hai| dazavaikAlika sUtra meM kahA gayA hai, 'kAme kamAhi kamiyaM khu dukkheM' icchAoM kA atikramaNa karo, duHkha apane Apa atikramita ho jaaegaa| lAbha se lobha ghaTatA nahIM vaha bar3hatA hai| yaha anubhUta satya kA pratipAdana hai / icchAeM AkAza ke samAna ananta haiM / lobhI sone-cA~dI ke Dhera se bhI santuSTa nahIM ho sktaa| anekAnta kA samAja vyavasthA meM artha ho hogA 'santulana' / icchA ko sarvathA samApta bhI na kiyA jAye tathA usakA atyadhika vistAra bhI na ho| donoM kA santulana atyanta apekSita hai| santulita samAja-vyavasthA anekAnta ke dvArA hI ghaTita ho sakatI hai bhale phira usakA nAmakaraNa kucha bhI kiyA jaaye| yantroM kI avadhAraNA meM anekAnta ___ Aja prAdyaugikI kA bahuta vikAsa huA hai| manuSya prastara yuga se paramANu yuga meM pahu~ca gayA hai| vijJAna ke vikAsa ne Aja manuSyoM ko sukha-suvidhAoM ke anekoM sAdhana pradAna kiye haiN| isa tathya ko ojhala nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kintu vijJAna kA sadupayoga bahuta kama huA hai| usakA prayoga vidhvaMsAtmaka kAryakramoM meM adhika ho rahA hai| yantroM ne mAnavajAti ko rAhata se jyAdA tanAva kI jindagI pradAna kI hai| gAMdhI ne tIna prakAra ke yantroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| vidhvaMsaka, mAraka evaM taark| vidhvaMsaka-bama Adi inakA sarvathA nirmANa banda honA Avazyaka hai| mAraka yantra jo berojagArI paidA karate haiM, tAraka yantra silAI mazIna aadi| gAMdhIjI vijJAna ke virodhI nahIM the| unhoMne viveka dene kI koziza kii| unakA mAnanA thA-- yantra
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________________ samAja-vyavasthA meM anekAnta / 167 manuSya ke lie hai, manuSya yantra ke lie nahIM hai| Aja praudyogikI ke atyadhika vikAsa ke kAraNa paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa kA khatarA bhayAvaha saMkaTa paidA kara cukA hai| ojona kI chatarI meM cheda hamArI surakSA vyavasthA meM cheda hai| anAvazyaka yantrIkaraNa ne samasyA ko paidA kiyA hai| Adhunika vAtAvaraNa ke prati jAgarUka lekhakoM ne bhaviSya ke saMkaTa ko sAmane rakhakara agAha kiyA hai| Toffler apanI pustaka 'Future shock' meM ati yAntrika vikAsa aura ati prAdyaugikI ke bhayAvaha pariNAmoM se AgAha karate hue niSkarSa prastuta karate haiM- bhaviSya ke bhayaMkara khataroM ke nirodha ke lie hameM parama audyogika samAja ke niyojana meM mAnavatA ke pakSa ko kendra meM rakhanA hogaa| hamAre rAjanaitika DhA~coM meM bhI niyojana kA yaha mAnavIkaraNa pratibimbita honA caahie'| sArAMza yaha hai ki samUcI arthavyavasthA, rAjanaitika evaM samAjatantra yadi kevala prAdyogikI yA ekAMkI bhautika upalabdhiyoM ke AdhAra para khar3e kie jAeMge to sarvavinAza ke sivAya aura koI cArA nahIM hai| Aja ke samAjazAstriyoM evaM arthazAstriyoM ne kRtrima bhUkha ko bar3hAkara pUre mAnava samAja ko saMkaTa meM DAla diyA hai / AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ko ucita mAnA jA sakatA hai kintu kRtrima kSudhA kI zAnti honA asambhava hai| kahA gayA hai tana kI tRSNA tanika hai tIna pAva ke sair| mana kI tRSNA amita hai gilai mera kA mer|| ____ mAnava ne apanI tRSNA zAnti ke lie prakRti kA aMdhAdhuMdha dohana kiyA hai| Age AnevAlI pIr3hiyoM ke adhikAra ko chIna liyA hai| paryAvaraNa ke santulana ke sandarbha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pradatta anartha-daNDa virati vrata mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAtA hai| Avazyaka hiMsA ko chor3A nahIM jA sakatA hai kintu anAvazyaka ko rokA jA sakatA hai| prayoga parIkSA ke nAma para lAkhoM mAsUma jAnavaroM kI hatyA prakRti ke sAtha krUra khilavAr3a hai| paryAvaraNa kI aisI samasyA ko dekhakara kucha vicAraka yaha sujhAva dete haiM ki mAnava ko punaH guphA saMskRti meM cale jAnA caahie| kintu yaha dRSTikoNa bhI vyavahArya nahIM hai / anekAnta kA cintana hai ki yantroM kA bhI niyantrita vikAsa ho jisase santulana banA rhe| 15 karmAdAna, 25 kriyAe~ ye paryAvaraNa surakSA ke sUtra haiN| ___ jaina zrAvaka kI AcArasaMhitA ko gaharAI se dekhA jAye to vaha anekAnta jIvana-zailI kI jIvanacaryA hai| para durbhAgya se jaina loga bhI use samajha nahIM sake
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________________ 168 / ArhatI-dRSTi aura apanA nahIM ske| cIMTI kI hiMsA, pAnI kI hiMsA to unheM dikhAI dI kintu eka vyakti ke sAtha bhayaMkara krUratA ko hiMsA nahIM maanaa| jhUThA tola-mApa na karanA, milAvaTa na karanA, azuddha sAdhanoM se dhanArjana na karanA usake vrata the kintu una saba ko vismRta kara diyaa| Aja punaH apekSA hai usa jIvana-zailI ko vyavahArya banAyA jaaye| zrAvaka vratoM para AdhArita samAja- vyavasthA ko svastha samAja kI abhidhA. se abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai| rAjanIti meM anekAnta rAjanIti samAja-vyavasthA kA mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka hai| usakI adUradarzitA ke pariNAma samAja ko lambe samaya taka bhugatane par3ate haiN| rAjanIti meM vicAradhArAoM meM pakSa pratipakSa hotA hai / vastu kA astitva virodhI dharmoM ke binA hotA hI nahIM hai / eka hI vastu meM virodhI-yugaloM kA rahanA yaha prAkRtika niyama hai| Aja jo zAntipUrNa saha-astitva kI bAta kahI jA rahI hai| vaha anekAnta kA hI siddhAnta hai / jIvana kI vibhinna praNAliyoM meM saha-astitva Avazyaka hai / eka pU~jIvAdI vicAradhArA hai, eka sAmyavAdI hai, eka ekatantra kI praNAlI hai, eka lokatantra kI praNAlI hai| donoM saMsAra meM cala rahI haiM aura paraspara virodhI bhI haiM / yadi isa bhASA meM socA jAye ki donoM meM se eka rahegA to yuddha ke atirikta koI vikalpa nahIM rhegaa| kintu Aja eka hI saMsada meM aneka virodhI vicAra vAle baiThate haiM / unakA sahaastitva hai / yaha anekAnta . kI hI avadhAraNA hai| zikSA jagat meM anekAnta zikSA bimba hai, samAja usakA pratibimba hai| samAja ko badalane kA eka mahattvapUrNa sAdhana banatI hai-shikssaa| zikSA ke dvArA vidyArthI meM bIja vapana hotA hai| zikSA hitakArI, kAryakArI hogI to samAja bhI bdlegaa| svAmI vivekAnanda evaM mahAtmA gAMdhI ne bhI zikSA kA uddezya caritra-nirmANa mAnA hai| Aja kI zikSA apane isa uddezya kI sampUrti meM asahAya evaM akSama hai / Aja zikSA ke dvArA vyakti kA zArIrika evaM bauddhika vikAsa to bahuta kiyA jA rahA hai kintu mAnasika evaM bhAvanAtmaka vikAsa ke pakSa ko sarvathA upekSita kara diyA gayA hai| zikSA mUlya vihIna ho gaI hai| svayaM mArga se anajAna vyakti dUsare kA mArga-darzaka nahIM bana sakatA / Aja zikSA kI vaisI hI sthiti bana rahI hai| andhA AMkhavAle ko rAstA batA rahA hai| Aja kI zikSA meM mUlya prazikSaNa kA upakrama Avazyaka hai / Aja kA jIvana mUlyoM se viparIta dizA meM
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________________ samAja-vyavasthA meM anekAnta / 169 jA rahA hai| jhUTha mata bolo, jhagar3A mata karo, par3hAyA jA rahA hai kintu vAtAvaraNa meM isase viparIta ho rahA hai / jIvana-vijJAna kI zikSA paddhati sarvAMgINa vyaktitva nirmANa kI prakriyA hai / Aja kI zikSA meM zArIrika, bauddhika vikAsa ke sUtroM ko anekAnta nakAratA nahIM hai| kintu usakA darzana hai inake sAtha mAnasika evaM bhAvanAtmaka mUlyoM ko bhI jor3A jaaye| varNa-vyavasthA meM anekAnta ___varNa-vyavasthA bhAratIya samAja kI svIkRta saccAI hai / Aja isakA vikRta rUpa hamAre sAmane hai| janmanA jAti kI vyavasthA meM U~ca-nIca aura chuAchUta kI samasyA paidA kI / isa samasyA ke dvArA kitane agnikANDa ho cuke haiN| kitane nirdoSa begunAha mauta kI holI meM jala cuke haiN| anekAnta ke anusAra, varNa-vyavasthA galata nahIM hai| varNa-vyavasthA to samAja ke zrama kA vibhAjana hai| Arthika kSetra meM jaise-Division of labour hotA hai| zrama-vibhAjana kI dRSTi se yaha vyavasthA ucita hai kintu janma ke sAtha jAti-vyavasthA ko jor3akara bhayaMkara anartha huaa| anekAnta ke anusAra janma se nahIM karma se jAti-vyavasthA ho / manuSya janma se nahIM karma se mahAn banatA hai / uttarAdhyayana kA udghoSa hai-kammuNA bamhaNo jAti tAttvika nahIM hai kintu vaha vyavahAra kI upayogitA hai / jAti ke AdhAra para manuSya choTA-bar3A nahIM ho sakatA / 'egA mANusI jaaii'| manuSya jAti eka hai| yaha prAcIna ArSa vANI hai| samAja meM saba prakAra kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| vyakti ke bhojana, makAna Adi kI prApti ke sAdhya samAna hai kintu usakI pUrti ke sAdhana bhinna-bhinna haiM / ve hI varNa-vyavasthA ke sUtradhAra haiM / vinobA jI ne kahA--'samAja kA vikAsa hAtha kI pAMca aMguliyoM kI taraha ho / anekAnta ke Aloka meM varNa-vyavasthA kI samasyA kA samAdhAna khojA jA sakatA hai| parivAra meM anekAnta parivAra samAja kI mukhya ikAI hai| isake AdhAra para hI samAja kA nirmANa hotA hai| parivAra meM vyakti aneka sambandhoM se baMdhA huA hai| una ApasI sambandhoM meM yadA-kadA khIMcAtAna calatI rahatI haiM / jIvana aura vAtAvaraNa azAnta bana jAtA hai| yadyapi Aja aise Andolana cala rahe jo parivAra kI avadhAraNA ko hI ThIka nahIM mAnate haiM / mArksa ne kahA-abolish the famaly parivAra vyavasthA ko samApta karo kyoMki parivAra hI zoSaNa kA durga hai / pAzcAtya dezoM meM nArI svAtaMtrya ke Andolana pArivArika avadhAraNA para kuThArAghAta kara rahe haiN| hameM isa sandarbha meM bhI anekAnta
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________________ 170 / ArhatI-dRSTi dRSTi se vihaMgama karanA hogaa| jisa parivAra ko zoSaNa kA durga kahA jA rahA hai, vyakti dAyitvabodha, lokazikSaNa, dharmazikSaNa kartavyAkartavya kA viveka bhI to usI ke dvArA sIkha rahA hai| parivAra meM zAnta-sahavAsa sahiSNutA ke dvArA hI A sakatA hai |maiN saba jIvoM ko sahana karatA hUM, ve saba mujhe sahana kare / merI sabake prati maitrI hai| kisI ke prati merA vaira nahIM hai| yaha pArasparika sahiSNutA kA sUtra hai / sahiSNutA evaM maitrI ke binA parivAra, samAja kA vyavasthita saMcAlana nahIM ho sktaa| parivAra evaM samAja meM parasparatA Avazyaka hai / DArvina kA udvikAsa kA siddhAnta satya hone para bhI samAja kA Adarza nahIM ho sktaa| samAja meM vRddha-bAlaka kA bhI jIvana nirvAha hotA hai ve fitest to nahIM haiM / jIvana ke lie saMgharSa Avazyaka hai isameM satyAMza ho sakatA hai kintu yaha pUrNa satya nahIM hai / samAja ke sandarbha meM jainAcAryoM dvArA pradatta sUtra 'parasparopagraho jIvAnAm' kA siddhAnta mahattvapUrNa hai / pArasparika sahayoga se hI jIvana kA saMcAlana hotA hai / saMgharSa Aropita haiM sahayoga svAbhAvika hai / anekAnta dRSTi se cintana karane se aneka samasyAeM samAhita ho jAtI haiN| . ___vyakti samAja kA eka aMga hai / vaha sAmAjika jIvana jItA hai| samAja ke sandarbha meM usake jIvana kA vikAsa hotA hai| vyakti aura samAja ko sarvathA pRthak evaM apRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / vyakti kI vizeSatA usako samAja se alaga karatI hai| vyakti samAja meM abheda kA sA hai tantra / samAja meM tantroM kA eka samavAya hai| arthatantra, rAjyatantra, vyavasAyatantra zikSAtantra aura dharmatantra sAmAjika jIvana ko saMcAlita karate haiN| jIvana nirvAha ke lie arthatantra, rAjyatantra evaM vyavasthAtantra kArya kara rahe haiN| vartamAna meM ye tantra santulita nahIM hai| arthatantra ke sAtha visarjana yA vyaktigata svAmitva kI sImA nahIM jur3I huI hai isalie vaha asantulita hai, rAjyatantra kevala niyantraNa ke AdhAra para cala rahA hai / usake sAtha hRdaya parivartana kA prayoga jur3A huA nahIM hai ataH vaha asantulita hai / vyavasAyatantra meM prAmANikatA kA prayoga nahIM hai ataH asantulita hai| zikSAtantra ekAMgI vikAsa kI parikramA kara rahA hai| vaha sarvAMgINa vikAsa kI dhurI para nahIM cala raha hai ataH santulita hai| dharmatantra meM upAsanA kA sthAna mukhya aura caritra kA sthAna gauNa ho gayA hai isalie usakA santulana bhI gar3abar3AyA huA hai| anekAnta ina saba tantroM meM santulana kI bAta kara rahA hai| jaba ye tantra santulita hoMge to nizcita hI anekAnta kI samAja-vyavasthA prANImAtra ke lie kalyANakArI hogii| anekAnta dRSTi se samasyA kA samAdhAna khojane para Agraha-vigraha kA prasaMga upasthita nahIM hotA / anekAnta dRSTivAlA vyakti kisI eka mAnyatA, siddhAnta, prathA meM
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________________ samAja-vyavasthA meM anekAnta / 171 Asakta nahIM hotA hai / vaha hitAhita para vicAra karatA hai / anekAntI mAnyatA, paramparAoM ko chor3atA nahIM hai kintu una para vicAra kara heya upAdeya kA viveka karatA hai| kisI eka ke sAtha haThadharmitA nahIM rkhtaa| anekAnta meM kaTTaratA evaM sakIrNatA ko koI sthAna nahIM hai| usakA dRSTikoNa vyApaka hai| anekAntI apanA hita sAdhegA kintu dUsaroM kA ahita karake nhiiN| yadi usakI kArya-zailI se dUsaroM kA ahita ho rahA hai to vaha apanI kAryazailI para punarcintana karake parivartana kregaa| apane cintana ke prati rAga evaM dUsaroM ke cintana ke prati dveSa rakhanevAlA kabhI anekAntI nahIM ho sktaa| rAga-dveSa se jitanI mukti hogI utanA hI vyakti kA cintana anekAntI evaM samyak bnegaa| samAja ke sandarbha meM anekAnta kA artha hogA apane cintana ko hitakArI bnaanaa| samAja evaM vyakti ko sAtha-sAtha sudhaarnaa| 'maiM kahatA hUM satya vahI hai tU kahatA hai vaha satya nahIM hai|' yaha vicAradhArA samAja ko avanati ke garta meM le jAtI hai| samAja kA vikAsa anekAntI vicAra se hI ho sakatA hai|
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________________ anekAnta kI sarvavyApakatA anekAnta kA siddhAnta kisI bhI eka darzana vizeSa kA nahIM hai / tathApi ekAnta . dRSTi ke pRSThapoSakoM ne isake vistRta dAyare ko sImita karane kA prayatna kiyaa| isako kisI eka darzana-vizeSa kA abhyupagama kahakara nakArane kA prayatna kiyaa| kintu saccAI to yaha ki anekAnta ke binA kisI kA bhI kArya samyak rUpa se cala nahIM sktaa| siddhAnta rUpa se anekAnta kA nirAkaraNa karanevAloM ko bhI apane siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA ke lie anekAnta sopAna kA haThAt Azraya lenA pdd'aa| isa prakAra ke spaSTa udAharaNa unake granthoM meM kaI sthaloM para upalabdha hote haiN| ___ bauddha darzana ke praNetA bhagavAn buddha ne sthAna-sthAna para anekAnta dRSTi kA Azraya lekara vyAkaraNa kiyA hai| vinayapiTaka mahAvagma aura aMguttaranikAya meM bhagavAn buddha ke sAtha siMha senApati ke praznottaroM se yaha tathya spaSTa ho jAtA hai| bhagavAna buddha ko anAtmavAdI hone ke kAraNa kucha loka akriyAvAdI kahate the| ataeva siMha senApati ne bhagavAn buddha se pUchA ki Apako akriyAvAdI kahate haiM, kyA yaha saca hai ? isake uttara meM bhagavAn buddha ne jo kucha kahA usake dvArA unakI anekAntavAditA prakaTa hotI hai| unhoMne kahA-yaha saca hai maiM akuzala karmoM ke prati, saMskAra ke prati akriyA kA upadeza detA hUM ataH akriyAvAdI hUM tathA kuzala saMskAra kI kriyA kA upadeza detA hUM ataH kriyAvAdI huuN| bhagavAn buddha ne saMyuktanikAya meM kahA--jIva aura zarIra ko ekAnta bhinna mAnA jAye to brahmacaryavAsa sambhava nahIM hai ataeva donoM antoM ko chor3akara maiM madhyama mArga kA upadeza detA huuN| ___ AtmA kA naizcayika astitva svIkAra karane para indriya aura mana para AtmA kA samAropa kiyA jAtA haiM, ise vidhi pakSa kahate haiM / ekAntarUpa se AtmA ke astitva kI asvIkRti niSedha pakSa hai| bauddha darzana kA kahanA hai hama na ekAnta vidhi pakSa ko aura na ekAnta niSedha pakSa ko svIkAra karate haiM kintu hama madhyama mArga ko mAnate haiN| yaha madhyamamArga kI svIkRti anekAnta kI sUcanA hai| 'sarvaM asti' yaha eka anta hai| 'sarvaM nAsti' yaha dUsarA anta hai / bhagavAn buddha ne ina donoM antoM ko asvIkAra karake madhyama mArga kA avalambana liyA hai| ve kahate haiM-'savvaM atthIti kho brAhmaNa ayaM eko anto savvaM natthIti kho brAhmaNa ayaM
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________________ anekAnta kI sarvavyApakatA / 173 dutiyo anto| ete te brAhmaNaubho ante anupagamma majjhena tathAgato dhammaM desetiavijma paccayA saMkhArA' saMyuttanikAya, 1147 zUnyavAdI eka hI saMsAra ko asti, nAsti rUpa kahate haiN| 'jagat vaicitryaM vyavahArato asti nizcayato nAsti' isa prakAra kA kathana anekAnta vihina dRSTi nahIM kara sktii| ___ bauddha dArzanika eka hI nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ko pramANa evaM apramANa donoM mAnate haiN| nIlAdi aMza meM 'yaha nIlA hai' isa prakAra anukUla vikalpa paidA karane kA kAraNa pramANa hai tathA kSaNikAMza pakSa meM akSaNika vikalpa kA darzana apramANa hai / bauddha darzana ne savikalpaka jJAna ko bAhya nIlAdi padArtha kI apekSA savikalpaka evaM svarUpa kI apekSA nirvikalpaka svIkAra karake svataHhI anekAnta ko svIkRti de dI hai / nyAyabindu meM dharmakIrti ne kahA hai ki-'darzanotarakAlabhAvinaH svAkAradhyavasAyina ekasyaiva vikalpasya bAhyArthe savikalpatvamAtmasvarUpe tu sarvacitta caitAnAmAtmasaMvedanaM pratyakSam' / naiyAyika vaizeSika darzana ne bhI apane siddhAnta pratipAdana meM anekAnta dRSTi kA avalambana liyA hai| yathA unakA mAnanA hai, indriya sannikarSa se dhUmajJAna hotA hai , dhUmajJAna se agni kI jJapti hotI hai| yahAM indriya sanikarSa pratyakSa pramANa hai / dhUmajJAna usakA phala hai aura yahI dhUmajJAna agnijJAna kI apekSA anumAna pramANa hai / phalasvarUpa eka hI dhUmajJAna indriya sannikarSa rUpa pratyakSa pramANa kA phala evaM anumAna pramANa donoM hai| eka hI jJAna phala bhI hai pramANa bhI hai / yaha kathana anekAnta kA saMvAhaka hai| vaizeSika naiyAyika darzana ne do prakAra kA sAmAnya svIkAra kiyA hai--mahAsAmAnya, apara sAmAnya / apara sAmAnya kA hI apara nAma sAmAnya vizeSa hai / vaha dravya, guNa aura karma meM rahatA hai| dravyatva sAmAnya vizeSa hai| dravyatva nAma kA sAmAnya hI dravyoM meM rahatA hai, isa apekSA se sAmAnya hai tathA guNa aura karma se apanI vyAvRtti karavAtA hai ataH vizeSa hai yaha apekSA anekAnta ke binA asambhava hai| ___sAMkhya darzana prakRti ko triguNAtmaka mAnate haiM aura ye tInoM guNa Apasa meM virodhI haiM unakA eka hI prakRti meM sahAvasthAna anekAnta ke binA sambhava nahIM hai| eka hI prakRti saMsArI prANiyoM ke prati pravRttidharmA tathA mokSastha puruSoM ke lie nivRttidharmA hai yaha abhyupagama bhI anekAnta kA dyotaka hai| sAMkhya prakRti aura puruSa ko nizcayata: bhinna tathA vyavahArata: abhinna mAnate haiM yaha kathana bhI anekAnta kI puSTi karatA hai| mImAMsakoM ne to prakArAntara se utpAda, vyaya evaM dhovya rUpa trayAtmaka vastu ko
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________________ 174 / ArhatI-dRSTi svIkAra karake anekAnta ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| vardhamAnakabhaGge ca rucakaH kriyate ydaa| tadA pUrvArthinaH zokaH prIticApyuttarArthinaH / / hemArthinastu mAdhyasthyaM, tasmAd vastu tryaatmkm|... notpAdasthitibhaGgAnAmabhAve syAnmatitrayam / / pAtaJjala yoga sUtra ne vastu ko nityAnitya svIkAra kiyA hai / unhoMne dharma, lakSaNa evaM avasthA rUpa se tIna prakAra ke dharmI pariNAma batAye haiN| suvarNa ke udAharaNa se spaSTa unakA siddhAnta anekAnta kA anuyAyI hai| pAzcAtya darzana ne bhI anekAnta ke siddhAnta kA upayoga kiyA hai| usa tathya ko ujAgara karane ke lie pAzcAtya darzana ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI apekSA hai|
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________________ vibhajyavAda jJAnI manuSya satya ke prati samarpita hotA hai / vaha aisA koI vacana nahIM bolatA jisase satya kI pratimA khaNDita ho| sat dravyaparyAyAtmaka hai| aneka dravya aura ananta paryAya kA astitva hai / una sabako jAnanA pratyeka satyAnveSI ke lie sambhava nahIM hai / satya kA anveSaNa karanevAlA jitane satya ko jAna jAtA hai use madhyasthatA se svIkAra karatA hai| satya vyAkaraNa meM vaha anAgraha kA prayoga karatA hai| AgrahI vyakti satyAnveSaNa nahIM kara sktaa| sUtrakRtAGga sUtra meM bhikSu ko bhASA-prayoga kA nirdeza dete hue kahA gayA ki vaha vibhajyavAda ke mAdhyama se vyAkhyA kre| vibhajyavAda ke tAtparya-bodha ke lie jaina TIkA granthoM ke atirikta bauddha grantha bhI sahAyaka hoNge| majjhimanikAya meM zubhamANavaka ke prazna ke uttara meM bhagavAn buddha ne kahA he mANavaka ! maiM yahAM vibhajyavAdI hUM ekAMzavAdI nahIM hUM / mANavaka ne prazna karate hue pUchA - 'maiMne suna rakhA hai ki gRhastha ArAdhaka hotA hai, pravajita ArAdhaka nahIM hotaa| isa viSaya meM ApakA kyA cintana hai? bhagavAn buddha ne isa prazna kA samAdhAna hAM yA nA meM nahIM diyA kintu unhoMne vibhAgapUrvaka prazna kA samAdhAna prastuta kiyA / yadi gRhastha yA tyAgI mithyAtvI hai to ve ArAdhaka nahIM ho sakate tathA yadi ve donoM samyak pratipanna hai to ArAdhaka hai / isalie kucha kathana aise hote haiM jinakA parA vizleSaNa kiye binA ve asatya haiM yA satya haiM aisA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| prastuta prasaMga meM buddha ne ArAdhakatA aura anArAdhakatA meM jo kAraNa thA, use batAkara donoM ko ArAdhaka aura anArAdhaka batAyA hai| arthAt prazna kA uttara vibhAga karake diyA hai ataeva ve apane ko vibhAjyavAdI kahate haiN| bhagavAn buddha sarvatra vibhajyavAdI nahIM the kintu jina praznoM kA samAdhAna vibhajyavAda se hI sambhava thaa| una kucha hI praznoM kA uttara dete samaya ve vibhajyavAda kA avalambana lete the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vibhajyavAda kA kSetra vyApaka thaa| bhagavAn buddha kA vibhajyavAda kucha maryAdita kSetra meM thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina darzana Age jAkara anekAntavAda meM pariNata ho gyaa| bhagavAn buddha ke vibhajyavAda kI taraha bhagavAn mahAvIra kA vibhajyavAda bhI bhagavatIgata praznottaroM se spaSTa hotA hai| jayantI-bhante ! jIva kA sonA acchA hai yA jAganA?
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________________ 176 / ArhatI-dRSTi bhagavAn-jayantI ! kucha jIvoM kA sonA acchA hai, kucha kA jAganA acchA hai jayantI--isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? bhagavAn--jo jIva adhArmika hai unakA sonA acchA hai kyoMki jaba taka ve soye raheMge taba taka aneka jIvoM ko pIr3A nahIM deNge| apane ko aura dUsaroM ko adhArmika kriyA meM nahIM lgaayeNge| dhArmika jIvoM kA jAganA acchA hai| kyoMki ve apane ko evaM dUsaroM ko dhArmika kriyA meM saMlagna karate haiM / isa prakAra ke aneka praznottara bhagavatI meM upalabdha haiM jo vibhajyavAda para AdhArita haiN| __ cUrNikAra ne vibhajyavAda ke do artha kiye haiM-bhajanIyavAda aura anekAntavAda / prastuta prasaMga meM vibhajyavAda ke dUsare artha anekAnta kI vyAkhyA karanA samucita hogaa| jahAM jaisA upayukta ho vahAM vaisI apekSA kA sahArA lekara vaisA pratipAdana kare / amaka nitya hai yA anitya hai ? aisA prazna karane para dravya kI apekSA nitya hai, paryAya kI apekSA anitya hai, isa prakAra usako siddha kre| . zIlAMkavRttikAra ne vibhajyavAda ke tIna artha kiye haiM(1) pRthak-pRthak arthoM kA nirUpaNa karanevAlA vaad| (2) syaadvaad| (3) arthoM kA samyag vibhAjana karane vAlA vAda-jaise dravya kI apekSA se nityavAda paryAya kI apekSA se anityavAda ityaadi| bauddha sAhitya meM bhI vibhajyavAda, vibhajyavAk Adi kA ullekha aneka sthAnoM para prApta hotA hai / vibhajya ke do artha haiM--(1) vizleSaNapUrvaka kahanA, (2) saMkSepa kA vistAra karanA / vibhajyavAda kA mUla AdhAra vibhAgapUrvaka uttara denA hai| do virodhI bAtoM ko eka sAmAnya meM svIkAra karake usI eka ko vibhakta karake do bhAgoM meM virodhI dharma kA saMgata batAnA vibhajyavAda kA phalitArtha hai / anekAntavAda vibhajyavAda kA hI vikasita rUpa hai tathA vaha maulika bhI hai / anekAnta sabakA mUla hai / vibhajyavAda bhI anekAnta kI eka zAkhA hai jaise naya nikSepa, kintu inakA mUla anekAnta hI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra vibhajyavAda ke mUla meM gaye aura usake utsa ko khojA, vaha anekAnta __ AgamakAlIna anekAntavAda yA vibhajyavAda ko syAdvAda kahA jAe to anucita nahIM hai| vibhajyavAda anekAntavAda kA prAcIna svarUpa rahA hai| vibhajyavAda meM prazna ko vizleSaNapUrvaka samAhita kiyA jAtA hai| kisa dRSTi yA apekSA se isakA kyA uttara diyA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra eka prazna ke sandarbha meM jitanI dRSTiyAM upasthita
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________________ vibhajyavAda / 177 hotI haiM utane hI prakAra se usakA samAdhAna kiyA jAtA hai| eka dRSTi se aisA ho sakatA hai dasarI apekSA se aisA nahIM ho sakatA hai| 'jAvaiyA vayaNapahA tAvaiyA ceva hoti NayavAyA' yaha sArA vizleSaNa vibhajyavAda ke AdhAra para hI sambhava hai| ___ bhAratIya darzana kA cintana bahuta bAra eka dizA meM pravAhita hotA huA-sA pratIta hotA hai| vibhajyavAda kI avadhAraNA bhI usa sammilita cintana kI eka sphuraNA hai| vibhajyavAda kA cintana usa samaya ke dArzanika vAtAvaraNa meM thA jisakA AbhAsa tatkAlIna sAhitya kA avalokana karane se spaSTa ho gatA hai| pAtaJjala yogabhASya meM tIna prakAra ke praznoM kA ullekha hai-ekAntavacanIya, vibhajyavacanIya evaM avacanIya / bhASyakAra ne ina praznoM ko vyAkhyAyita karate hue kahA ki 'sarvo jAto mariSyati? om|' isa prakAra ke prazna ekAntavacanIya haiM / atha : sarvo mRtvA janiSyati iti? pratyuditakhyAti kSINatRSNa kuzala janma nahIM leMge kintu akuzala mara karake janma leNge| isa prakAra ke prazna vibhajyavacanIya hai| saMsAra zAnta hai yA ananta ? yaha avacanIya prazna hai / parantu isa prazna ko avacanIya kahakara ke punaH vibhajyavacanIya kaha dete haiM / bhASya meM aisA ullekha hai ki kuzala kA saMsAra zAnta hai kazaletara kA saMsAra zAnta nahIM hai| isa prakAra avacanIya kahakara vyAkaraNIya kaha diyA hai / vAcaspati mizra ne isa prazna ko samAhita ekAntataH avacanIya kahakara kiyA hai jo ki ucita hai| vAcaspati mizra ne tattvavaizAradI meM hI eka prazna samupasthita karake avadhanIya ko samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| yadi saMsAra Anantya ke kAraNa saMsAra ke pariNAma kI samApti nahIM hogI to mahApralaya ke samaya sArI AtmAoM kA sahasA samuccheda kaise hogA tathA saSTi kI Adi meM saMsAra kaise utpanna hogA? eka-eka karake sArI AtmAoM kA mukti-krama se sabakA vimokSa hone se uccheda hogA tathA sabakA saMsAra krama se pradhAna pariNAma-krama kI samApti ho jAne se pradhAna meM anityatA kA prazna aayegaa| apUrva sattva kA prAdurbhAva to hotA nahIM hai jisase Anantya tathA puruSa kA utpAda mAnoge to vaha Adi ho jAyegA / usake anAditva kA vyAghAta hogA aisA hone se to zAstrArtha-bhaMga kA prasaMga hogaa| puruSa aneka haiM prakRti eka hai| eka puruSa ke mukta ho jAne se sAre hI puruSoM ke mokSa kA prasaMga hogA tathA yadi aisA kaheM ki mukta kI apekSA to prakRti apariNAmI hai saMsArI kI apekSA pariNAmI hai to eka hI prakRti meM virodha paidA hogA ataH isa prakAra ke prazna avacanIya haiN| ye prazna-uttara ke yogya nahIM haiN| bhagavAn buddha bhI vibhajyavAda ke pravaktA the| unhoMne aneka sthAnoM para vibhajyavAda
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________________ 178 / ArhatI-dRSTi ... kA avalambana lekara tattva ko pratipAdita kiyA hai / buddha ekAntataH vibhajyavAdI nahIM the, aisA bauddha granthoM meM Agata ullekhoM se ApAd dRSTi se aisA pratIta hotA hai| bauddha sAhitya meM caturvidha praznoM kA ullekha hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki buddha praznoM kA uttara cAra prakAra se tarkAnukUla dete the| samprati 'milanda prazna' meM Agata sandarbha kA ullekha karanA ucita hogaa| cAra prakAra ke prazna hote haiM... (1) ekAMza vyAkaraNIya yathA-'kyA rUpa anitya hotA hai| isakA samAdhAna hogA 'hA~' kyoMki rUpa anitya hotA hai / ekAMza vyAkaraNIya use kahA jAtA hai jisakA kisI eka nizcita pakSa meM uttara diyA jA ske| (2) vibhajyavyAkaraNIya; yathA--'aNiccapana rUpaM kyA anityatA rUpa hotI hai? yahAM samAdhAna hogA anityatA rUpa hotI hai tathA rUpa ke atirikta bhI hotI hai kyoMki anityatA vedanA saMjJA Adi meM bhI hai / jahAM prazna kA uttara vibhAgapUrvaka diyA jAtA hai vaha vibhajyavacanIya hai| ___(3) pratipRcchA vyAkaraNIya; yathA-kiM nu kho cakkhunA savvaM vijAnAtI? yahAM pratiprazna ke sAtha samAdhAna hogaa| sarva se Apa kahanA kyA cAhate haiM ? kyA cakSu sAre rUpa ko jAnatI hai ?kyA cakSu sUkSma yA sthUla sAre rUpa ko jAnatI hai / taba uttara hogA . cakSu sUkSma rUpa ko nahIM jaantii| vaha kevala sthUla rUpa ko jAnatI hai| (4) sthApanIya; yathA-- 'sassato loko' yaha sthApanIya prazna hai| jisakA uttara nahIM hotA kyoMki sthApanIya prazna to isa prakAra kA hai ki kyA vandhyA kA putra kAlA hotA hai yA gaurA? jaba putra hI nahIM hai to kAle-gore kA prazna hI nahIM hotaa| ataH yaha prazna hI samyak nahIM hai / isalie buddha ne 14 prakAra ke avyAkRta prazna kahe haiN| unakA uttara nahIM ho sktaa| jo sthApanIya prazna hai vaha hI avyAkRta prazna hai| abhidharma koza meM bhI cAra prakAra ke praznoM kA ullekha hai| unake nAma ve hI hai, prayojana bhI vahI haiM kintu udAharaNa meM bhinnatA hai, yathA (1) sAre sattva mareMge? mreNge| (2) kyA saba janma leMge? saMklezayukta jIva janma leNge| kleza rahita janma nahIM leNge| yaha vibhajyavacanIya hai| (3) kyA manuSya viziSTa hai yA hIna? pratiprazna ke dvArA uttara hotA hai kisakI apekSA se? pazu se viziSTa hai devatA se hIna hai| (4) sattva skandha se bhinna hai yA abhinna ? yaha sthApanIya hai kyoMki sattva (dravya) kA hI abhAva hai|
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________________ vibhajyavAda / 179 jainadarzana spaSTata: vibhajyavAdI hai| usakA koI bhI kathana vibhajyavAda ke binA nahIM ho sakatA hai| sUtrakRtAGga meM isakA spaSTa ullekha hai| 'bhikkhu vibhajyavAyaM viyAgarejjA' jaisA ki yoga darzana meM cAra prakAra ke praznoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai jaina darzana meM aisA nahIM hai| vahAM sirpha vibhajyavAda kA hI ullekha hai |jaindrshn ekAMzavAdI nahIM hai tathA buddha kI taraha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa koI avyAkRta prazna bhI nahIM thaa| ataH sthApanIya prazna jaina ke yahA~ ho hI nahIM sktaa| pratiprazna kA samAhAra vibhajyavacanIya meM hI ho jAtA hai| ataH jaina ke anusAra sAre prazna hI vibhajyavacanIya haiM / binA vibhAga ke kisI prazna ko samAhita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA tathA satya kI prApti bhI nahIM sktii| isa avadhAraNA kA samarthana sUtrakRtAGga se ho jAtA hai| vahAM 'viyAgarejjA' zabda kA jo prayoga huA hai vaha dhyAna dene yogya hai| viyAgarejjA kA artha hai vyAkaraNIya arthAt sAre hI prazna vibhajyavyAkaraNIya haiM tathA dUsarA ullekha bhI isI meM prApta hotA hai| 'NayAsisAvAda viyAgarejjA' cUrNikAra vRttikAra isakA artha karate haiM ki 'muni AzIrvacana na kaheM' kintu isakA pAThAntara prApta hotA hai| 'Na yAsiyAvAya' isake AdhAra para DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye isakA artha asyAdvAda arthAt muni syAdvAda rahita (vacanoM ko) na bole |ddoN. nathamala TAMTiyA bhI / isa artha kA samarthana karate haiN| - vibhajyavAda anekAntavAda kA pUrvarUpa hai / anekAntavAda usakA vistAramAtra hai| vibhajyavAda kA prayoga sUtrakRtAGga ke atirikta anya jaina granthoM meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| jabaki bauddha sAhitya meM aneka sthaloM para isa zabda kA prayoga huA kintu isase yaha anumAna nahIM karanA cAhie ki jaina darzana ne vibhajyavAda kA anugamana nahIM kiyA / jaisA ki hama pahale hI kaha cuke haiM ki jaina darzana pUrNataH vibhajyavAdI hai| usane vibhajyavAda kA vistAra anekAntavAda, nayavAda, nikSepavAda ke rUpa meM kiyaa| vastutaH vibhajyavAda kA mUla bhI anekAnta hai / nayavAda, nikSepavAda kI sArI paddhati. vibhajyavAda para hI AdhArita hai| jitane bhI sApekSa kathana haiM vaha vibhajyavAda hai| siddhasena divAkara ne kahA apekSA se yuktakathana svasamaya hai / apekSA nirapekSa parasamaya hai| ataeva vibhajyavacana jaina darzana hai vibhajyetara parasamaya hai| vastu kA svarUpa vibhajyavAda ke dvArA hI nirdhArita ho sakatA hai / saMzleSaNa kI apekSA vastu paryAyarahita hai| vizleSaNa kI apekSA dravyarahita hai yaha hemacandrAcArya kA kathana hai / ' vartamAna vijJAna bhI jJAna kA AdhAra vibhajyavAda ko mAnatA hai| usake anusAra / sarvathA koI bhI jJAna prAmANika yA aprAmANika nahIM hai| eka sImita dAyare, eka
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________________ 180 / ArhatI-dRSTi viziSTa apekSA se vastu kA svarUpa anya prakAra kA hai| vahI eka anya apekSA se prathama se anya prakAra kA ho jAtA hai| vikAsa kA AdhArabhUta tattva vibhajyavAda hai| hama dekhate haiM ki eka hI vastu kA jJAna manuSya jAti ko eka prakAra kA ho rahA hai, usI vastu kA jJAna pazu jagat ko pRthak rUpa se ho rahA hai| udAharaNArtha- vastu kA raMga / manuSya ko vastu ke vibhinna raMga dikhAI dete haiM jabaki pazu meM raMga-viveka karane kA jJAna hI nahIM hotA hai| isa sthiti meM kisa jJAna ko satya mAne, kisako asatya? donoM hI apane jJAna se apanA vyavahAra siddha karate haiN| ataH donoM hI apanI apekSA se satya hai| kisI eka ko satya yA mithyA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isa prakAra kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna vibhajyavAda ke AdhAra para hI diyA jA sakatA hai / ataeva vibhajyavAdazUnya vyavahAra hI asambhava hai / isalie jaina darzana pUrNataH vibhajyavAdI hai jo ki samIcIna hai / satya kA prakaTana vANI se hI sambhava hai / vANI asIma ko eka sAtha prakaTa karane meM asamartha hai / ataH vaha vibhajyavAda kA sahArA lekara apanI apUrNatA ko pUrNa karane meM samartha ho jAtI hai|
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________________ syAdvAda jaina darzana kI cintana-zailI kA nAma anekAnta evaM pratipAdana-zailI kA nAma syAdvAda hai / anekAnta parikalpita nahIM hai apitu yaha vastu kA yathArtha svarUpa hai arthAt vaha yathArtha AdhArita siddhAnta hai| jJeya ananta hai| jJAna bhI ananta hai kintu vANI ananta nahIM hai| jJAna zakti asIma hai kintu zabda-zakti sImA meM Abaddha hai| ataH ananta jJAna eka kSaNa meM ananta jJeya ko jAna sakatA hai kintu vANI ananta jJeya ko abhivyakta nahIM kara sktii| sampUrNa satyoM ko yugapat abhivyakta karane kA sAmarthya vANI meM nahIM hai| isa pariprekSya meM hI syAdvAda siddhAnta kA udbhava huaa| syAdvAda yA sApekSika kathana paddhati kI AvazyakatA ke mUlataH cAra kAraNa haiM--(1) vastu tattva kI ananta dharmAtmakatA, (2) mAnavIya jJAna prApti ke sAdhanoM kI sImitatA / (3) mAnavIya jJAna kI apUrNatA evaM sApekSatA, (4) bhASA ke abhivyakti sAmarthya kI sImitatA evaM sApekSatA / vastutaH ukta tathya hI syAdvAda siddhAnta ke udbhava ke preraka haiM / syAdvAda kA udgama anekAnta vastu hai / tasvarUpa vastu ke yathArtha grahaNa ke lie anekAnta dRSTi hai| syAdvAda usa dRSTi ko vANI dvArA vyakta karane kI paddhati hai| syAdvAda svarUpa evaM paribhASA - syAdvAda zabda syAt aura vAda ina do zabdoM se niSpanna huA hai| syAt zabda ke artha ke sandarbha meM jitanI bhrAnti dArzanikoM kI rahI hai utanI anya kisI zabda ke sambandha meM sambhavataH nahIM rahI hai| vidvAnoM dvArA hindI bhASA meM syAt kA artha zAyada, sambhavataH, kadAcit aura aMgrejI bhASA meM Probable, Maybe, Perhaps, Some how Adi kiyA hai aura inhIM arthoM ke AdhAra para syAdvAda ko saMzayavAda, sambhAvanAvAda yA anizcayavAda samajhane kI bhUla kI jAtI rahI hai| zaMkara se lekara Adhunika yuga taka ke vidvAn isake artha-nirUpaNa meM bhrAmaka rahe haiN| jaina AcAryoM ne syAt zabda kA prayoga eka viziSTa pAribhASika artha meM kiyA hai| yadi syAdvAda ke Alocaka vidvAnoM ne syAdvAda sambandhI kisI mUla grantha kA pArAyaNa kiyA hotA to yaha bhrAnti unheM sambhavataH nahIM hotii| syAt zabda kA artha - syAdvAda meM prayukta syAt zabda tiGnta pada nahIM hai| tiGnta pratirUpaka avyaya
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________________ 182 / ArhatI-dRSTi hai| sammantabhadra, vidyAnanda amRtacandra, malliSeNa Adi sabhI jainAcAryoM ne syAt zabda ko nipAta yA avyaya mAnA hai / Apta mImAMsA meM isake artha ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki vAkyeSvanekAntadyoti gamyaM prati vishessnnm| syAnnipAto'rthayogitvAttava kevalinAmapi / - syAt zabda nipAta hai, jo artha ke sAtha sambandhita hone para vAkya meM anekAnta kA dyotaka hai tathA gamya artha kA vizeSaNa hotA hai / AcArya amRtacandra ne bhI syAt zabda ke artha ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki syAt ekAntatA kA niSedhaka, anekAnta kA pratatipAdaka tathA kathaMcit artha kA dyotaka eka nipAta hai--"sarvathAtva niSedhako'nekAMtatA dyotakaH kathaMcidarthe syAt zabdo nipAtaH syaadityvyymnekaaNtdyotkm|' syAt zabda ke prazaMsA, astitva, vivAda, vicAraNA, anekAnta, saMzaya, prazna Adi aneka artha haiM / jaina darzana meM isakA prayoga anekAnta artha meM hotA hai / isa prakAra yaha tathya spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM syAt zabda saMzayaparaka na hokara nizcayAtmaka artha kA dyotaka hai| vAda zabda kA artha 'kathana vidhi' hai| isa prakAra syAdvAda sApekSa kathana paddhati kA sUcaka hai| bhikSa nyAya karNikA meM syAdvAda ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA, 'arpaNAnapaNAbhyAmanekAMtAtmakArthapratipAdanapaddhatiH syAdvAdaH' pradhAnatA evaM gauNatA se anekAntAtmaka vastu kA pratipAdana karanevAlI paddhati syAdvAda hai / vastu anantadharmAtmaka hai| pratyeka dharma apane pratipakSI dharma ke sAtha vastu meM nyasta hai| vastu virodhI dharmayugaloM kA samavAya hai| eka hI vastu nitya bhI hai, anitya bhI hai| sat bhI hai, asat bhI hai| syAdvAda kI prAcInatA ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra ne syAdvAda kI paddhati se aneka praznoM kA samAdhAna kiyA hai| use Agama yuga kA anekAnta yA syAdvAda kahA jAtA hai| dArzanika yuga meM usI kA vistAra huA kintu usakA mUla rUpa nahIM bdlaa| bhagavatI sUtra meM aneka sthAnoM para syAdvAda kA prayoga dRSTigocara hotA hai| jaba gautama bhagavAn se pUchate haiM-bhagavan ! jIva zAzvata hai yA azAzvata / bhagavAn ne kahA-dravyArthika apekSA se zAzvata evaM paryAyArthika apekSA se azAzvata hai / 'goymaa| jIvA siya sAsayA, siya asaasyaa|' yahA~ siya kA artha syAt hai jo apekSA artha meM prayukta huA hai| syAdvAda kI nIMva apekSA hai / syAdvAda apekSA bheda se virodhI dharma yugaloM ke
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________________ syAvAda / 183 virodha kA samanvaya karatA hai / vastu meM sat, asat, nitya, anitya Adi virodhI dharma vidyamAna hai / syAdvAda vastu ke usa svarUpa kI sApekSa vyAkhyA karatA hai jo vastu sat hai, vahI asat bhI hai kintu jisa rUpa se sat hai usa rUpa se asat nahIM hai / sva dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI apekSA vastu sat paracatuSTya kI apekSA vaha nAsti rUpa hai| do nizcita dRSTi binduoM ke AdhAra para vastu tattva kA pratipAdana karanevAlA vAkya saMzaya rUpa nahIM ho sakatI / syAdvAda ko apekSAvAda yA kathaMcitvAda bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| ___ 'syAdasti ghaTaH' isa vAkya meM asti pada vastu ke astitva dharma kA vAcaka hai aura syAt pada usameM rahanevAle nAstitva Adi zeSa dharmoM kA dyotana karatA hai / syAt zabda vastu kA astitva kisa apekSA se hai / isake pratipAdana ke sAtha yaha bhI spaSTa karatA hai ki asti ke atirikta bhI vastu meM anya dharma hai ataH AcArya sammantabhadra ne kahA--'syAt sat' ityAdi vAkyoM meM syAt zabda anekAnta kA dyotaka evaM gamya artha kA samarthaka hotA hai| syAdvAda vastu ke ananta dharmoM kA pratipAdana sAtabhaMgoM aura nayoM kI apekSA se hI karatA hai 'saptabhaMganayApekSaH syAdvAdaH / ' saptabhaMgI ke dvArA syAdvAda vastu kI vyavasthA karatA hai| anekAnta evaM syAdvAda meM antara - anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda ko yadyapi paryAyavAcI mAna liyA jAtA hai kintu donoM meM antara hai| anekAnta eka vyApaka vicAra paddhati hai aura syAdvAda usa vicAra paddhati kI abhivyakti kA nirdoSa mArga hai| anekAnta darzana hai aura syAdvAda usakI * abhivyakta kA DhaMga hai / anekAntavAda ke dvArA vastutattva ke jina ananta dharmoM kA bodha hotA hai unameM se kisI eka dharma ko dUsare dharmoM kA pratiSedha kie binA prastuta karanA hI syAdvAda hai / syAdvAda kA siddhAnta suvyavasthita aura vyAvahArika hai| yaha ananta dharmAtmaka vastu kI vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se vyavasthA karatA hai / eka hI manuSya meM apekSA bheda se pitRtva, putratva Adi virodhI dharmoM kA yugapad astitva sambhava hai / ApekSika vyavahAra kA nAma hI syAdvAda hai / anekAnta aura syAdvAda ye paryAyavAcI nahIM haiM kintu inameM paraspara pratipAdya pratipAdaka sambandha hai / syAdvAda pratipAdaka hai / anekAnta pratipAdya hai| jaina darzana kA AdhAra-stambha anekAnta evaM syAdvAda hI hai / jAgatika evaM vArtamAnika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna anekAnta evaM syAdvAda ke Aloka meM prApta kiyA jA sakatA
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________________ caturvidha sat kI avadhAraNA jaina darzana meM sat, tattva, artha, dravya, tattvArtha evaM padArtha ina zabdoM kA prayoga prAyaH . eka hI artha meM hotA rahA hai / jo sat-rUpa padArtha haiM ve hI dravya haiM, tAttvika hai / darzana zAstra meM sarvaprathama svayaM ke darzana se sammata tattvoM kA nirdeza prArambha meM kara diyA jAtA hai| vaizeSika sUtra meM dravya Adi chaH padArtha svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| unameM se dravya guNa evaM karma ina tInoM ko 'sat' isa pAribhASika saMjJA se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| nyAya sUtra meM pramANa Adi solaha tattvoM ko bhASyakAra ne sat zabda se vyavahRta kiyaa| sAMkhya ne prakRti evaM puruSa ina do tattvoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| vedAnta darzana meM brahma hI ekamAtra sat hai / jaina AgamoM meM saMkSepa meM jIva evaM ajIva ye do tattva tathA vistAra meM nayatattvoM kA ullekha prApta hai| . jaina dharma ke pramukha AcArya tattvavyAkhyAtA vAcakamukhya ne sat kA bIja jo bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI meM thA, usakA pallavana kiyaa| AgamoM meM tiryak aura Urdhva donoM prakAra ke paryAyoM kA AdhAra dravya ko mAnA hai / jo sarvadravyoM kA avizeSa hai| 'avisesie davve visesie jIva dave ajIva dave, kintu AgamoM meM dravya kI sat saMjJA nahIM thii| jaba anya darzanoM meM 'sat' isa saMjJA kA samAveza haA taba jaina dArzanikoM ke samakSa bhI 'sat' kise kahA jAe yaha prazna upasthita huaa| umAsvAti ne kahA dravya hI sat hai / 'sad dravyalakSaNam' sat ko paribhASita karate hue unhoMne kahA 'utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat' aisI paribhASA hone se jaina darzana kA sat anya darzanoM se svataH hI vilakSaNa ho gayA tathA jaina dRSTi ke sarvathA anukUla siddha huaa| vAcaka ne satya ko nitya kahA kintu nitya kI svamantavya poSaka paribhASA karake use ekAnta ke Agraha se mukta rkhaa| tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam' utpAda aura vyaya ke hote hue bhI jisakA sadrupa samApta nahIM hotA yahI sat kI nityatA hai / paryAyoM ke badala jAne para bhI dravya kI sattA samApta nahIM hotI / vaha nirantara pUrva-uttara paryAyoM meM anusyUta hotI rahatI hai| umAsvAti ne caturvidha sat kI kalpanA kI hai| sat ko unhoMne cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai- (1) dravyAstika, (2) mAtRkApadAstika, (3) utpannAstika, (4) paryAyAstika / sat kA isa prakAra kA vibhAjana anyatra upalabdha nahIM hotA hai|
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________________ caturvidha sat kI avadhAraNA / 185 yaha unakI maulika avadhAraNA hai / umAsvAti ne isa caturvidha sat kA vizeSa vyAkhyAna nahIM kiyaa| jJAna kI sthUlatA evaM sUkSmatA ke AdhAra para sat ke cAra padoM kA nirUpaNa kiyaa| TIkAkAra siddhasenagaNI ne inakI kucha spaSTatA kI hai| prathama do sat (dravyAzrita) dravyanayAzrita hai tathA antima do bheda paryAyanayAzrita haiM / sat ke cAra vibhAgoM ke antargata AcArya umAsvAti ne sat kI sampUrNa avadhAraNA ko samAhita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / dravyAstika sat kA kathana dravya ke AdhAra para hai, mAtRkApadAstika kA kathana dravya ke vibhAga ke AdhAra para, utpannAstika kA vyAkaraNa tAtkAlika vartamAna paryAya ke AdhAra para hai tathA paryAyAstika kA kathana bhUta evaM bhAvI paryAya ke AdhAra para huA hai aisA pratIta hotA hai / dravyAstika ke anusAra-'asannAma nAstyeva dravyAstikasya' asat kucha hotA hI nahIM vaha sat ko hI svIkAra karatA hai / 'sarvavastu sallakSaNatvAdasapratiSedhena sarvasaMgrahAdezo dravyAstikam (5/31 TI, pR. 400) / dravyAstika sat saMgraha naya ke abhiprAya vAlA hai| 'sarvamekaM sadavizeSAt' isa sat ke dvArA saptabhaMgI kA prathama bhaMga 'syAt asti' phalita hotA hai| ___ mAtRkApadAstika sat ke dvArA dravyoM kA vibhAga hone se astitva evaM nAstitva dharma prakaTa hotA hai / mAtRkApada vyavahAranayAnusArI hai dravyAstika ke dvArA sampUrNa padArthoM ko sat kaha dene mAtra se vaha vyavahAra upayogI nahIM ho sakatA / vyavahAra vibhAga ke binA nahIM ho sktaa| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya kA dravyatva tulya hone para bhI ve paraspara bhinna svabhAva vAle haiN| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya nahIM ho sakatI yahI mAtRkApadAstika kA kathana hai / vibhakti kA nimitta hone ke kAraNa mAtRkApada, vyavahAra upayogI hai--'sthUlakatipayavyavahArayogyavizeSapradhAna maatRkaapdaastikm'| ___ utpannAstika sat kA sambandha mAtra vartamAna kAla se hai / vaha atIta evaM anAgata ko asvIkAra karatA hai.| ataH yaha asti nAsti rUpa hai / vartamAna ko svIkAra karatA hai ataH asti hai| bhUta anAgata kA niSedha karatA hai ataH nAsti hai| isase saptabhaMgI kA avaktavya nAma kA bhaMga phalita hotA hai| paryAyanayAnugAmI hone se isakI dRSTi bhedapradhAna hai / sampUrNa vyavahAra kI.kAraNabhUta vastu nirantara utpAda vinAzazIla hai| kucha bhI sthitizIla nahIM hai, yaha utpannAstika kA kathana hai| isakI mAnyatA utpatti meM hI hai| 'utpannAstikamutpane'stimatiH' anutpanna sthiti ko yaha svIkAra hI nahIM krtaa| . paryAyAstika naya vinAza ko svIkAra karatA hai / jo utpanna hue haiM ve avazya hI vinazvara svabhAva vAle haiN| jitanA utpAda hai utanA hI vinAza / 'vinAzA'stimatikam'
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________________ 186 / ArhatI-dRSTi kucha mAnate haiM ki paryAyastika utpadyamAna paryAya ko hI mAnatA hai / 'utpadyamAnAH paryAyAH paryAyAstikamucyate' ina donoM matoM kA samanvaya karane se phalita hotA hai ki paryAyAstika naya bhUta evaM anAgata ko svIkAra karatA hai tathA vartamAna kA niSedha karatA hai ataH yaha astinAsti rUpa hai| bhUta bhaviSya kI apekSA asti vartamAna kI apekSA nAsti hai| isase bhI avaktavya bhaMga kA kathana hotA hai| kyoMki asti nAsti ko eka-sAtha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| saMkSepa meM dravyAstika se parama saMgraha kA viSaya bhUta sat dravya aura mAtRkApadAstika se sat dravya ke vyavahArAzrita dharmAstikAya Adi dravya kA. vibhAga unake bheda-prabheda abhipreta hai| pratyeka kSaNa meM navanavotpanna vastu kA rUpa utpatrAstika aura pratyeka kSaNa meM honevAlA vinAza yA bheda paryAyAstika se abhipreta hai / utpAda vyaya evaM dhauvya isa tripadI kA samAveza caturdhA vibhakta sat meM ho jAtA hai|
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________________ bhagavatI ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI bhagavatI-sUtra jaina-paramparA kA prAcIna Agama grantha hai / usameM aneka viSayoM kA sAMgopAMga pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| syAdvAda jo jaina darzana kI pRSThabhUmi hai, usakA ullekha isa Agama meM hai| saptabhaMgI vastu ke kathana kI zailI hai / usake prAcIna bhaMgoM kA varNana bhagavatI meM prApta hai / vartamAna saptabhaMgI kA utsa bhagavatI-sUtra meM hai / yadyapi usameM bhaMgoM ke prakAroM kA varNana pRthak rUpa se hai kintu vaha to mAtra kathana kA tarIkA hai usameM koI vipratipatti nhiiN| . __ bhagavatI meM vastuoM kA nirNaya unake bhaMgoM ke AdhAra para hai / amuka apekSA se vastu hai, amuka apekSA meM nahIM hai tathA kisI tIsarI apekSA se vastu avaktavya hai| gautama bhagavAn mahAvIra se ratnaprabhA pRthvI kA svarUpa pUchate haiN| bhagavAn kahate haiMrayaNapahA puDhavI siya AyA, siya no AyA, siya avattavvA / ratnaprabhA pRthvI syAt AtmA hai, syAt nahIM hai aura syAt avaktavya hai| isa prakAra gautama pUchate jAte haiN| eka paramANu ke sandarbha taka yahI uttara prApta hotA hai / vastu apanI astitva kI apekSA se hai, dasare ke astitva kI apekSA se nahIM hai| astitva nAstitva kA kathana ekasAtha nahIM ho sakatA ataH vaha avaktavya hai| bhagavatI ke anusAra jo saMkhyA kI dRSTi se eka hai usake tIna hI bhaMga ho sakate haiM / tIna se adhika nahIM ho sakate / jaise bhagavAn ne ratnaprabhA pRthvI se lekara eka paramANa padagala taka uttara diyA hai usake tIna-tIna bhaMga hI hote haiM / dvipradezI ke bAre meM pUchane para uttara milA usake 6 bhaMga ho sakate haiM, sAta nahIM ho skte| tIna to paramANu ke saMdarbha jaise haiM / tIna saMyogaja bhaMga aura ho jAte haiN| tIna pradezI skandha ke 13 bhaMga ho jAte haiN| usake sAta bhaMga syAt asti nAsti evaM avaktavya yaha bhaMga tripradezI se lekara Age ke paramANu pudgala ke ho sakate haiM / dvipradezI ke nahIM ho sakate kyoMki dvipradezI ke do hI pradeza haiM jabaki yaha trayAtmaka kathana hai / asti nAsti tathA avaktavya / ataH yaha bhaMga do pradezI skandha ke pazcAt hI sambhava hai / isI prakAra cAra-pAMca-chaH pradezI ke sandarbha meM jijJAsA karane para unhIM kA isI prakAra uttara upalabdha hotA hai / unake bhaMgoM kI saMkhyA kI bhI vRddhi hotI calI jAtI hai / prazna upasthita hotA hai ki jaba bhagavatI meM bhaMgoM kI saMkhyA sAta se adhika hai taba Aja hama saptabhaMgI kA hI ullekha kyoM karate haiN| isakA samAdhAna yahI hai ki
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________________ . 188 / AhatI-dRSTi mUla bhaMga sAta hI hai| unakI saMkhyA nahIM bar3ha sakatI jo bhagavatI meM atirikta bhaMga upalabdha ho rahe haiM, ve unhIM sAta bhaMgoM ke upabhaMga haiN| pradeza ke AdhAra para unako milAkara bhaMgoM kI saMkhyA kA vikAsa dikhAyA gayA hai| vastutaH maulika bhaMga sAta hI haiM jinakA svarUpa vartamAna meM hameM upalabdha hai| bhagavatI ke anusAra vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya bAta yaha hai ki paramANu (ikAI) ke tIna se adhika bhaMga nahIM ho sakate kyoMki vaha eka pradezI hai / arthAt asti-nAsti yaha saMyukta bhaMga paramANu meM sambhava nahIM hai vaha dvipradezI skandha meM hI sambhava hai| isI prakAra 'asti, nAsti, avaktavya ina tInoM kA saMyukta bhaMga dvipradezI meM sambhava nahIM hai yaha bhaMga tripradezI se bana sakatA hai / yaha bhagavatI sUtra kA maMtavya hai / bAda ke dArzanikoM ke vicAroM meM hameM parivartana upalabdha hotA hai / unhoMne sAtoM hI bhaMga saba vastuoM meM ghaTita kiye haiN| cAhe vaha vastu Composite ho athavA non-composite / tathA tIsare evaM cauthe bhaMga ke krama meM bhI kisI-kisI ne parivartana kiyA hai| bhagavatI meM avaktavya tIsarA bhaMga hai tathA kinhIM dArzanikoM ne use cauthe sthAna para bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| . niSkarSataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki bhagavatI meM prApta bhaMga hI vartamAna sapta bhaMgI ke AdhAra hai| unameM jo vucha bhI parivartana dRSTigocara ho rahA hai vaha vicAra vikAsa kI sUcanA de rahA hai|
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________________ lokavAda : vikAsa kA siddhAnta vizva ke Adi bindu, mUla tattva kI jijJAsA ne dArzanika kSetra meM eka nayA AyAma udghATita kiyA hai| vizva prahelikA ko sulajhAne kA prayala bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya donoM dArzanikoM ne kiyA hai| dRzyamAna jagat kA kAraNa kyA hai? yaha kyoM hai? aise prazna darzana ke janaka mAne jAte haiN| kArya kAraNavAda ke siddhAnta para tattva kA nirNaya karanA dArzanika kSetra kI vizeSatA hai / yaha jagat eka kArya hai| kAraNa kI vyAkhyA vibhinna dArzanikoM ne bhinna-bhinna prakAra se kI hai| pAzcAtya darzana ke janaka thelija ne vizva ke mUla kAraNa ke rUpa meM jala tattva ko svIkRti dii| usake anusAra yaha sampUrNa dRzyamAna jagat jala tattva kA hI parivartita rUpa hai| isake mUla meM jala hI hai| enegajImenIja ne vAyu tattva ko vizva kA mUla kAraNa svIkAra kiyA tathA pAithAgorasa ne saMkhyA ko, hereklAiTsa ne agni tattva ko vizva kA upAdAna kAraNa svIkAra kiyaa| sarvezvaravAdI jenophenIja ne jala ko vizva ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM svIkRti dii| - enegjImeNDara kI vizva vyAkhyA bhAratIya jar3Advaita ke siddhAnta ke sadRza hai / usane asIma jar3a tattva ko mUla dravya ke rUpa meM svIkRti dI hai| usake anusAra yaha asIma jar3a tattva nirguNa, nirAkAra, nirvizeSa tathA avibhakta dravya hai / enegjImeNDara ke anusAra sabase pahalA jIva namI tattva se paidA huA thA tathA manuSya evaM anya prANiyoM kA Adi rUpa machalI thaa| unakI yaha dhAraNA Adhunika vikAsavAda ke siddhAntoM se bahuta aMzoM meM milatI hai| cArlsa DArvina ke vikAsavAda ke siddhAnta ke bahuta pUrva binA kisI Thosa vaijJAnika AdhAra ke isa prakAra kI avagati niHsandeha mahattvapUrNa hai| ye sAre dArzanika prAyaH sRSTivAda ke sambandha meM eka tattvavAdI hai| bhAratIya darzana jagat meM do dhArAeM pramukha rahI haiM--dvaitavAda aura advaitavAda / ataH unako vizva sambandhI vyAkhyA kI pRSThabhUmi advaita yA dvaita hai| . . ____ advaitavAdI dhArA meM jar3Advaita tathA caitanyAdvaita ye do mukhya dhArAe~ rahI haiM / jar3Advaita pAzcAtya dArzanika enegjImeNDara kI taraha jar3a tattva ko hI sRSTi kA upAdAna kAraNa mAnatA haiM / jar3AdvaitavAda ke anusAra cetana tattva kI utpatti acetana tattva se huI hai| cAra bhUtoM ke viziSTa saMyoga se cetana tattva utpanna hotA hai / anAtmavAdI cArvAka aura
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________________ 190 / ArhatI-dRSTi krama vikAsavAdI vaijJAnika isI abhimata ke samarthaka haiN| .. caitanyAdvaita cetana tattva ko hI sRSTi kA mUla kAraNa mAnatA hai| cetana itara anya tattva kA astitva use mAnya nahIM hai / yaha sampUrNa jagat brahmamaya hai / saMsAra kA nAnAtva asatya hai / 'sarvaM khalvidaM brahma, neha nAnAsti kiJcana' brahma hI ekamAtra satya hai / avidyA ke kAraNa usameM aneka kI pratIti hotI hai / acetana kA astitva hI inako mAnya nahIM dvaitavAdI darzana jar3a aura cetana kA svatantra astitva svIkAra karate haiN| unake anusAra ina do virodhI tattvoM kI samanviti hI saMsAra hai| naiyAyika, vaizeSika aura mImAMsaka sRSTi pakSa meM ArambhavAdI hai / jar3a aura cetana anAdikAla se hai / paramAtmA sRSTi ke prArambha meM paramANuoM ko saMyukta karatA hai| inake saMyoga kA Arambha hone para hI saSTi hotI hai| isalie yaha ArambhavAda kahalAtA hai| sAMkhya aura yoga pariNAmavAdI hai / unake anusAra sRSTi kA kAraNa triguNAtmikA prakRti hai / Izvara ke dvArA prakRti ko kSubdha kiye jAne para triguNa kA vikAsa hotA hai| puruSa saMyoga se prakRti kI sAmyAvasthA samApta ho jAtI hai aura isase saMsAra kA vikAsa hotA hai| sAMkhya kA puruSa apariNAmI kUTastha hai / ataeva sRSTi kA vikAsa pariNAmadharmA nitya prakRti se hI hotA hai| jaina aura bauddha darzana sRSTivAdI nahIM haiN| ve parivartanavAdI haiM / bauddha darzana meM parivartana kI prakriyA pratItyasamutpAda' hai| isameM kAraNa se kArya utpanna nahIM hotA kintu santati pravAha meM padArtha utpanna hote haiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra jIva ajIva kI samanviti hI vizva hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUchA gayA loka kyA hai ? unhoMne kahA--jIva aura ajIva hI loka hai / jIva aura ajIva ananta evaM zAzvata hai / jo zAzvata hote haiM unameM paurvAparya nahIM hotA / jaise jIva aura vRkSa meM paurvAparya nahIM hai / jaina ko sRSTivAda kA vaha siddhAnta mAnya nahIM hai jisakA koI kartA ho / usake anusAra padArthoM meM niyativAda hai| loka kI vividhatA kA heta jIva aura pudgala kA saMyoga hai / isa vividharUpatA ko hI sRSTi kahA jAtA hai / dIpikA meM kahA gayA--'jIvapudgalayovividhasaMyogaiH sa vividharUpaH iyaM vividharUpatA eva sRSTiriti kthyte'| jaina Agama sAhitya meM loka kI aneka paribhASAeM upalabdha haiM / bhagavatI-sUtra meM kahA gayA--'je lokkai se loe', paJcAstikAyamayo lokaH' athavA 'SaDdravyAtatmako lokaH' yaha dRzyamAna jagat zAzvata bhI hai azAzvata bhI hai / yaha jaina darzana kA abhyupagama
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________________ lokavAda : vikAsa kA siddhAnta / 191 hai| jaina darzana dravyaparyAyAtmaka vastu ko svIkAra karatA hai| pratyeka sat vastu dravyaparyAyAtmaka hI hotI hai| dravya ke binA paryAya kA aura paryAya ke binA dravya kA astitva hI nahIM ho sktaa| dravyaM paryAyaviyutaM paryAyAH drvyvrjitaaH| kva kadA kena kiMrUpA dRSTA mAnena kena vA / / dravya aura paryAya meM vicAragata bheda hai / vastuniSTha bheda nahIM hai / AcArya kundakunda ke zabdoM meM dravya aura paryAya meM anyatva nAma kA bheda hai, pRthaktva nAma kA bheda nahIM _ 'utpAdavyayadhrauvyAtmakaM sat' jo vastu trayAtmaka hai vahI sat hai vAstavika hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-'upannei vA vigamei vA dhuvei vA' utpAda, vyaya evaM dhruvatA hI vikAsa kA AdhAra hai| akelI dhruvatA kUTastha hotI hai| kUTastha meM pariNAma (parivartana) kA abhAva hone se vikAsa kI kalpanA hI asambhava hai| utpAda, vyaya AdhAra ke binA nahIM raha sakate / dhruvatA unakA AdhAra banatI hai| ataH vikAsa kA AdhAra stambha vastu kI trayAtmakatA hai| tripadI ke abhyupagama ke binA vikAsa kI kalpanA AkAza-kusuma ke sadRza hai| jaina isa tripadI ko vikAsa kA mala siddhAnta mAnatA hai| loka kI zAzvatatA dravya ke AdhAra para hai, azAzvatatA paryAya para nirbhara hai| dravya lokavAda kA AdhAra banatA hai| paryAya sRSTivAda kaa| dravya kI apekSA jaina kA loka zAzvata hai| paryAya kI apekSA vaha sRSTivAdI bhI hai| ____ saMkSepa meM, yaha jagat jIva aura ajIva kI sahasthiti hai| vistAra meM SaDdravya isa vizva vikAsa ke nimittabhUta hai / SaDdravya kI svIkRti ke binA vikAsa kI kalpanA adhUrI hai| ye chahoM milakara hI vikAsa kI kalpanA meM sampUrNatA kA bhAva abhivyaMjita karate haiM / jIva aura pudgala meM gati sthiti svata: hai kintu usameM ananya sahAyaka dravya dharma evaM adharma hai unake binA ve gatizIla nahIM raha sakate haiM tathA sthiti ko bhI prApta nahIM kara sakate / AkAza ke atirikta padArtha avagAhya hai / AkAza avakAza pradAtA hai evaM svAzrita hai| yadi AkAza ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAe to padArtha rahate kahAM? kAla padArthoM ke parivartana kA heta banatA hai| vartanA lakSaNA vAlA kAla padArthoM ko svasattAnubhUti karavAne meM sahAyaka hai| kAla kI svIkRti ke binA padArthoM meM parivartana kI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sktii| jJAnAtmaka cetanA jIva kA avinAbhAvI lakSaNa hai| avaziSTa jo vikAsa hai usakA kendra bindu pudgala hai / paryAya svabhAva evaM vibhAva
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________________ 192 / ArhatI-dRSTi : bheda se do prakAra kI haiN| dharma Adi cAra meM svAbhAvika paryAya hai / jIva aura pudgala meM vaibhAvika paryAya bhI hai| kAla ke nimitta se hone vAlI svabhAva paryAya hai| jIva ke nimitta se pudgala meM aura pudgala ke nimitta se jIva meM jo parivartana hotA hai vaha unakI vibhAva paryAya hai| jIva aura pudgala eka-dUsare ko prabhAvita karate haiM aura usase hI dRzya jagat kA vikAsa hotA hai / sAMkhya ne sRSTikrama meM puruSa ko sAkSI mAtra svIkAra kiyA hai| prakRti ke dvArA hI jagat kA sampUrNa vikAsa-krama dikhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| jaina prakRti arthAt pudgalAstikAya ko vikAsa kA eka bindu hI mAnatA hai| jaina kI vikAsa kramabaddhatA sAMkhya se adhika spaSTa pratIta hotI hai| jaina dRSTi ke anusAra. dRzya vizva kA parivartana jIva aura pudgala ke saMyoga se hotA hai / parivartana svAbhAvika evaM prAyogika donoM prakAra se hotA hai / svAbhAvika parivartana sUkSma hone se dRSTigamya nahIM hai / prAyogika parivartana sthUla hotA hai / dRSTigamya hotA hai, yahI sRSTi yA dRzya jagat hai| jIva kI vikAsa yAtrA avyavahAra rAzi se prArambha hotI hai aura muktAvasthA meM sampanna ho jAtI hai| muktAvasthA kI prApti jIva kA sarvotkRSTa vikAsa hai| prANI kA nimnatama vikasita rUpa nigoda hai / nigoda anAdi vanaspati hai / yaha jIvoM kA akSaya koza hai aura mUla sthAna hai| saMsAra ke athavA muktAvasthA ke sampUrNa jIvoM kA prathama rUpa nigoda hI hotA hai / nigoda meM sabako rahanA hotA hai / yaha niyati hai| inameM vikAsa kI koI pravRtti nahIM hotI / manuSya kA vikAsa vanaspati se hotA hai| yaha samparNa jIvoM ke vikAsa kA AdhArabhUta hai| nigoda ke jIvoM meM koI vibhAga nahIM hotaa| vahAM se nikalane ke bAda ve vibhAga ke jagat meM praveza karate haiN| ve vibhAga haiM--pRthvI, ap, taijasa, vAyu, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya, paJcendriya, samanaska, amanaska Adi / yaha sArA vikAsa avyavahAra rAzi se vyavahAra rAzi meM Ane vAle jIvoM kA hotA hai| jIva apanI svatantra saMkalpa zakti ke AdhAra para avyavahAra rAzi se nahIM nikala sakatA / kAla labdhi kA paripAka hone para hI jIva avyavahAra rAzi meM A sakatA hai| vyavahAra rAzi meM Ane ke bAda hI vaha dvIndriya, trIndriya Adi bhUmikA ko prApta hotA haA kevalajJAna kI sthiti taka pahuMca jAtA hai| yaha sArA jaivika vikAsa svatantra icchA zakti aura saMkalpa zakti ke AdhAra para hotA hai| yahAM eka bAta smaraNIya hai ki sampUrNa jIvoM kA sarvotkRSTa vikAsa nahIM hotaa| vikAsa yAtrA ke ve sahabhAgI kucha . apane lakSya ko prApta kara lete haiN| kucha usa daur3a meM pIche raha jAte haiN| kucha daur3ane ke adhikArI bhI nahIM hote haiM / saMsArI jIva do prakAra ke hote haiN| bhavya aura abhavya /
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________________ -- lokavAda : vikAsa kA siddhAnta / 193 abhavya jIva vikAsa kI sarvotkRSTa avasthA ko prApta nahIM kara sakeMge yaha unakI niyati hai| bhavya bhI sAre carama vikAsa ko prApta nahIM hoMge / unako vikAsa kA avasara hI upalabdha nahIM hotaa| yadi hotA bhI hai to ve sampUrNa mArga ko taya nahIM kara paate| ____ jIva apanI pahalI ( avyavahAra rAzi) evaM antima avasthA (muktAvasthA) meM samAna hote haiN| unameM kisI bhI prakAra kA vibhAga nahIM hotaa| ina donoM avasthAoM ke madhya meM jIva ke vikAsa meM asamAnatA parilakSita hotI hai| akelA cetana yA akelA acetana vikAsa nahIM kara sakatA, donoM ke saMyoga se hI vikAsa hotA hai| cArlsa DArvina ke vikAsavAda kI AMzika tulanA jaina loka vikAsavAda se kI jA sakatI hai| DArvina kA mantavya hai ki Arambha meM pratyeka jIvita vastu kA rUpa aMtyadhika sarala hotA hai| yaha sthiti asambaddha, anizcita samAnatA kI sthiti hai| arthAta Upara se vastu ke vibhinna rUpa itane samAna hote haiM ki unameM koI nizcita sambandha pratIta nahIM hotA lekina jaise-jaise usa vastu kA vikAsa hotA hai usake vibhinna aMga eka-dUsare se bilakula bhinna ho jAte haiN| jaina ke anusAra bhI avyavahAra rAzi ke jIvoM meM koI vibhAga nahIM hotaa| unameM na bhASA kA vyavahAra hotA hai na cintana kaa| ve saba eka zreNI ke hote haiM / vyavahAra rAzi meM Ane ke bAda unakI samAnatA samApta ho jAtI hai |vyvhaar rAzi se hI vikAsa ke agrima sapanoM kA ve ArohaNa karate haiM - jaina ke anusAra vikAsa kA kAraNa koI eka tattva nahIM hai / parantu aneka kAraNoM ke samavAya se kArya ghaTita hote haiN| kAla, svabhAva Adi sAre kAraNa sammilita hokara hI vikAsa ko ghaTita karate haiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra jagat kA vikAsa nahIM ho sakatA, vaha paripUrNa hai| dravya kama adhika nahIM ho skte| dravyaM notpadyate kiJcit na vinazyati kiJcana / kevalaM parivarto'sti, sRSTireSA tavoditA / / koI dravya na utpanna hotA hai, na vinaSTa hotA hai, kevala usameM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| prabho ! tumhAre zAsana meM isa parivartana kA nAma hI sRSTi hai / kucha dArzanika mAnate haiM ki sRSTi kI racanA Izvara ne kI hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra sRSTi kA kartA Izvara nahIM hai| vaha svataH hai, sApekSa hai| dravya kI dRSTi se yaha jagat hai, paryAya kI dRSTi se yaha sRSTi hai| jagat svAbhAvika hai| paryAya parivartana sahetuka aura nirhetuka hai| logo akiTTimo khalu aNAi nihano sabhAva niSphanto' loka akRtrima hai, anAdi nidhana hai
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________________ 194/ ArhatI-dRSTi aura svabhAva niSpanna hai| saMsAra meM jitane dravya haiM, utane hI raheMge, unameM tilamAtra bhI ghaTa-bar3ha nahIM ho sakatI / pratyeka padArtha badalatA hai, bAra-bAra apane rUpa badalatA hai| parivartana dhruva siddhAnta hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra parivartana kA nAma hI sRSTi hai| jagat svAbhAvika hai, sRSTi kRtrima hai| hama sRSTi kA nirmANa kara rahe haiM / jagat kA mUla kAraNa hai cetana aura acetana kA astitva / sRSTi kA mUla kAraNa hai jIva aura pudgala meM honevAlA parivartana jaina darzana ke anusAra cetana acetana anAdi hai| inameM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| parivartana se hAsa evaM vikAsa donoM hote haiN| utsarpiNI vikAsa kA evaM avasarpiNI hrAsa kA pratIka hai / vikAsa aura hrAsa kA hetu kAla hai| pratipAdya ke niSkarSa 1. jagat paripUrNa hai, usameM vikAsa hrAsa nahIM hotaa| padArtha jitane haiM utane hI rheNge| 2. jIva pudgala ke saMyoga se sRSTi hotI hai| 3. paryAyavAda ke AdhAra para jaina sRSTi ko mAnatA hai| 4. jIva kA vikAsa avyavahAra rAzi se zurU hotA hai aura muktAvasthA meM sampanna ho jAtA hai|
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________________ jaina vyAkhyA paddhati : eka anuzAlIna jaina Agama sAhitya meM 'anuyoga dvAra' eka mahattvapUrNa viSaya hai| kisI bhI sUtra kI vyAkhyA paddhati meM sabase pahale anuyoga kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| anuyogadvAra kA nirUpaNa Agama sAhitya kA prAcInatama bhAga hai| prathama bhadrabAhu, jinako niyuktikAra mAnA jAtA hai, unake dvArA kRta anuyogadvAra prAcInatama hai| jaina vyAkhyA paddhati kA nAma anuyogadvAra hai / hama prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya kA avalokana karate haiM to pAte haiM ki prAyaH sabhI paramparAoM meM sUtra kA nirUpaNa kaise karanA cAhie isakA nirdeza prApta hotA hai / Arya paramparAoM kI eka zAkhA jarathosthiyana kI ora dRSTipAta karate haiM taba usameM bhI pavitra mAne jAne vAle 'avestA' Adi granthoM kA prathama zuddha uccAraNa kaise karanA, kisa taraha pada Adi kA vibhAga karanA isa rUpa meM vyAkhyAna paddhati kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| vaidika paramparAoM meM bhI arthavidhi batalAI gaI hai| sarvaprathama vaidika mantroM kA zuddha uccAraNa, padaccheda; padArthajJAna isa prakAra kramazaH arthajJAna kiyA jAtA hai / jaina paramparAoM meM bhI sUtra kI vyAkhyA kaise honI cAhie isakA nirdeza upalabdha hai| nimna kArikA se yaha Azaya spaSTa ho rahA saMhitA ca padaM caiva padArthaH padavigrahaH / cAlanA pratyavasthAnaJca vyAkhyA tantrasya SaDvidhA / / - jaina paramparA meM sUtra aura artha sikhAne ke sambandha meM eka nizcita vyAkhyAna vidhi rahI hai jisakA ullekha niyukti, anuyogadvAra, bRhatkalpabhASya, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya Adi granthoM meM sAMgopAMga rUpa se upalabdha hai| prasaMgataH AcArya haribhadra ke mantavya kA yahAM para ullekha karanA ucita hogaa| unhoMne isI vyAkhyAna vidhi ko apane dArzanika jJAna ke prakAza meM navInatA ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai| vyAkhyAna vidhi naye nAmoM ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai / ve nAma haiM--padArtha, vAkyArtha, mahAvAkyArtha, aidamparyArtha / 1. kisI bhI prANI kA ghAta na kiyA jAe yaha 'padArtha' hai| 2. yadi prANighAta varNya haiM to Avazyaka karaNIya kaise kie jAeMge yaha zaMkA . vicAra 'vAkyArtha' hai|
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________________ 196 / ArhatI-dRSTi 3. Avazyaka kartavya agara zAstra vidhipUrvaka kiyA jAe to usase hone vAlA prANighAta doSAvaha nahIM hai| avidhikRta hI doSAvaha hai. yaha vicAra mahAvAkyArtha hai| 4. jo jinAjJA hai vaha ekamAtra upAdeya hai aisA tAtparya nikAlanA aidamparyArtha isa prakAra sarvathA niSedha rUpa sAmAnya niyama meM vidhivihita apavAdoM ko aidamparya taka nikAlA jAtA hai / isa pRSThabhUmi ke sAtha hameM anuyogadvAra kA avabodha karanA hai| jaisA ke hameM jJAta huA ki jaina vyAkhyA paddhati kA nAma anuyogadvAra hai| sarvaprathama zabdamImAMsA ke dvArA anuyoga ko samajhane kA prayatna kreNge| anuyoga kA artha hai vyAkhyA aura dvAra kA artha hai praveza-sthAna / ataH anuyogadvAra kA sAmAnya artha hai vyAkhyAna karane kI paddhati athavA usakA praveza pth| zIlAMkAcArya ne anuyoga ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki "sUtrAdanupazcAdarthasya yogo anuyogaH" sUtra ke pazcAt artha kA yoga karanA anuyoga hai athavA saMkSipta sUtra kA mahAn artha ke sAtha samAyojana karanA anuyoga hai / AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne anuyoga ko paribhASita karate hue kahA aNuoyaNamaNuyogo suyassa niyaeNa jamabhidheeNaM / vAvAro vA jogo jo. aNuruvo'NukUlo vaa| sUtra kA svayaM ke abhidheya artha ke sAtha jo sambandha hotA hai vaha anuyoga hai athavA yoga kA artha hai vyApAra / ataH sUtra kA nija abhidheya ke sAtha anurUpa yA anukUla jo yoga hotA hai vaha anuyoga hai| Avazyaka niyukti meM anuyoga, niyoga, bhASA, vibhASA evaM vArtika ina zabdoM ko ekArthaka mAnA hai / ye pAMcoM hI zabda artha ke antargata Ate haiM / artha ko pravacana kA paryAyavAcI mAnA gayA hai ataH anuyoga pravacana arthAt zruta (Agama) kA eka bhAga hai / anuyoga sUtra ke sAtha artha kA sambandha karavAne vAlA hai / Avazyakaniryakti meM tathA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM tathA usakI koTyAcArya kI TIkA meM evaM maladhArI kI TIkA meM bhASA, vibhASA Adi kA antara spaSTa karanevAle anekoM udAharaNa upalabdha haiM, yathA-sUtra kASTha ke samAna hai| sUtra ke eka artha kA bhASaNa bhASA hai| sthUla arthoM kA kathana vibhASA evaM yathAsambhava sampUrNa arthoM kA prakaTIkaraNa vArtika hai| .. prazna upasthita hotA hai ki anuyogadvAra karane kI AvazyakatA kyA hai ? anuyoga
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________________ jaina vyAkhyA paddhati : eka anuzAlIna / 197 kyoM karane cAhie? isakA samAdhAna AcAryoM ne udAharaNoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA hai| jisa prakAra eka nagarI meM yadi praveza dvAra nahIM hotA hai to vahA~ praveza karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai, ataH pravezadvAra kA honA Avazyaka hai| yadi nagarI kA eka hI dvAra ho to mArga janasaMkula ho jAtA hai jisase praveza evaM nirgama kaThina ho jAte haiN| ataH nagarI ke cAra dvAra banAe jAte haiM vaise hI sUtra ke arthajJAna ke lie anuyogadvAra kA honA Avazyaka hai| anuyogadvAra pramukhatayA cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai tathA ina cAra pramukha dvAroM ke pratidvAra aneka haiN| upakrama, nikSepa, anugama evaM naya ye cAra pramukha anuyogadvAra haiM aura inake pratidvAra ye haiM, yathA--upakrama ke 6, nikSepa ke 3, anugama ke 2 tathA naya ke 1 pratidvAra haiN| ina bhedoM ke prabheda bhI aneka haiN| bheda-prabheda ke saghana jaMgala kA pAra kuzala mArgadarzaka ke binA durUha hai| prastuta nibandha meM cAra pramukha dvAroM kI carcA karanA abhISTa hai| upakrama ko spaSTa karate hue malladhArI hemacandra ne kahA 'dUrasthasya vastunaH taistaiH prakAraiH samIpIkaraNaM nyAsadezAnayanaM nikSepayogyatAkaraNaM upakramaH' vibhinna pratipAdana prakAroM ke dvArA zAstrIya viSayoM ko nikSepa yogya banAnA upakrama nAma kA prathama anuyogadvAra hai| upakrama zAstrIya tathA laukika bheda se do prakAra kA hai tatpazcAt ina donoM ke 6-6 bheda aura ho jAte haiN| dravyopakrama evaM bhAvopakrama ke bheda se bhI upakrama ko do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai / upakrama Adi kA viziSTa jJAna karane ke lie vizeSAvazyaka bhASya vizeSa mananIya hai| Aja kI bhASA meM upakrama ko bhUmikA athavA zAstra kA Introduction kahA jA sakatA hai| kisI bhI viSaya kA pratipAdana karane se pUrva usakI bhUmikA bAMdhI jAtI hai| ThIka isI prakAra zAstra kI vyAkhyA ke pUrva upakrama ke dvArA zAstra kA paricaya karavAyA jAtA hai| ___ zAstra kI nAma, sthApanA Adi prakAroM se vyavasthA karanA nikSepa hai| 'zAstrAdernAma sthApanAdibhedairvyasanaM vyavasthApana nikSepaH' arthasaMkIrNatA kA apanayana karane ke lie nikSepa atyanta upayogI hai| sUtrArthayogAnurUpanukUlaM saraNaM sambandhakaraNamanugamaH' sUtra , aura artha kA anurUpa evaM anukUla sambandha karanA anugama hai| jitanI bhI vastu kI sambhava paryAeM haiM unakA jJAna karavAne vAlA naya hai| upakrama Adi kramapUrvaka hoteM haiN| upakrama vastu ko samIpa lAtA hai| kyoMki jo vastu samIpa nahIM hotI usakA nikSepa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, nikSepa ke binA arthajJAna arthAt anugama nahIM ho sakatA
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________________ 198 / ArhatI-dRSTi aura sUtra kA anugama kie binA naya kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| aisA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kA mantavya hai / anuyogadvAra sUtra meM bhI inakI vizada carcA hai| vartamAna paripekSya meM bhI anuyogadvAra navInakaraNa ke sAtha prAsaMgika hai| inake mAdhyama se zikSA kSetra meM eka naI sajagatA A sakatI hai| zikSA paddhati meM bhI apekSita parivartana inake dvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai| apekSA hai inake gahare adhyayana kI tathA janabhogya banAne kI / zodha ke dvArA anuyogadvAra kA vistRta upayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai, jo Aja ke pariveza meM atyanta lAbhadAyaka siddha ho sakatA hai| ''
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________________ kAla svabhAvAdi paMcaka yaha dRzyamAn carAcara jagat eka kArya hai, jo kArya hotA hai usakA kAraNa bhI nizcita rUpa se koI avazya hotA hai| kAraNa ke bAre meM vividha prakAra ke cintana hameM dArzanika kSetra meM upalabdha hai| bhArata ke prAcIna dArzanika sAhitya meM jagat rUpa kArya kI, kAraNa mImAMsA meM mukhyatayA pAMca vAda upalabdha hote haiM-kAla, svabhAva, niyati karma evaM puruSa / ye pAMcoM apane-apane mantavya ke AdhAra para jagat kI vyAkhyA prastuta karate haiN| kAla, svabhAva aura niyati ye tInoM hamAre jIvana meM ghaTita hone vAlI dainika ghaTanAoM ko AdhAra banAkara apanI vyAkhyA prastuta karate haiN| jo ghaTita ghaTanA hai usake kArya-kAraNa kA sambandha apane anusAra prastuta karate haiM / karmavAda kA sambandha hamAre jIvana meM ghaTita hone vAlI una ghaTanAoM se hai jinakA kAraNa vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM ho rahA hai| puruSavAdI (IzvaravAdI) pratyeka ghaTanA kI vyAkhyA Izvara ke AdhAra para hI karatA hai| 1. kAlavAda - kAlavAdiyoM kA mAnanA hai ki isa sampUrNa jagat kA kartRtva kAla meM nihita hai| sardI, garmI, varSA kA honA bAlya, yauvana Adi avasthA saba kAla ke kAraNa hI haiN| yadi kAla nahIM hotA to na janma hotA, na mRtyu / saMsAra kI sArI vyavasthA hI avyavasthita ho jAtI / jagat kA vikAsa hI nahIM ho pAtA / udAharaNa prastuta karate hue kahA gayA ki kAla ke atirikta sampUrNa kAraNa sAmagrI ke upasthita rahane para bhI mudga taka kA paripAka nahIM hotA hai| isase spaSTa siddha hotA hai ki jagat kA kAraNa kAla hai kAlaH pacati, bhUtAni, kAlaH saMharati prjaaH| kAlaH supteSu jAgArti, kAlo hi duratikramaH / / ____ jagat kI sthiti, utpatti evaM saMhAra ina sabakA kAraNa kAla hI hai ataeva kAla kI sImA kA ullaMghana karanA asambhava hai| 2. svabhAvavAda kAlavAdI ke viparIta svabhAvavAdI kA kahanA hai ki isa jagat kA kAraNa kAla .
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________________ 200 / ArhatI-dRSTi nahIM kintu svabhAva hai / usakA mAnanA hai ki kAla Adi sAmagrI kA sahakAra hone para bhI binA svabhAva ke kArya nahIM ho sktaa| eka mudga jo koraTU hai usakA pakane kA svabhAva nahIM hai, usako anantakAla kA yoga milane para bhI usameM pAcana kriyA nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki usakA pakane kA svabhAva hI nahIM hai| ataeva yaha nizcita hai ki kAryamAtra kA kAraNa svabhAva hai| kahA bhI hai kaH kaNTakAnAM prakaroti taikSNyaM vicitrabhAvaM mRgapakSiNAM c| svabhAvataH sarvamidaM pravRttaM na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prayatnaH / / kAMToM kI tIkSNatA, pakSiyoM kI gaganagAmitA ye saba svabhAva ke kAraNa hI haiN| svabhAva ke binA ye nahIM ho skte| badaryAH kaNTakastIkSNa Rjurekazca kunycitH| phalaM ca vartulaM tasyA vada kena vinirmitm|| 3. niyativAda niyativAdI ke anusAra niyati hI isa saMsAra kA kAraNa hai| jagat kI sabhI vastueM niyata AkAra vAlI haiN| eka manuSya ke A~kha, nAka Adi niyata sthAna para hI kyoM hote haiM? yadi niyati ko inakA kAraNa na mAnA jAe to aniyatatA ke kAraNa kabhI AMkha pIche ho jAegI, sira nIce, paira Upara ho jaaege| saMsAra meM atyadhika avyavasthA ho jaaegii| saMsAra meM hama jitane bhI kArya dekhate haiM unake pIche niyati hI kAraNa hai| kAla se kArya niyata rUpa se paidA nahIM hote| kAla se bhI jyAdA prabala svabhAva hai / niyati ina donoM se pradhAna hai / vahI ina donoM kI niyAmaka hai / eka vyakti jisako tIkSNa zAstroM se upahata kiyA gayA phirabhI usake maraNa niyati kA abhAva hone se vaha jIvita dikhAI detA hai tathA eka anya vyakti jisakA maraNakAla nizcita ho gayA hai zastra Adi ke dvArA ghAta na hone para bhI vaha mRtyu ko prApta kara letA hai| yad yadaiva yato yAvat tat tadaiva tstthaa| niyataM jAyate nyAyAt ka etAM bAdhituM kSamaH / / jisa vastu ko jisa samaya jisa parimANa meM honA hotA hai vaha vaise hI niyama rUpa meM paidA hotI huI dekhI jAtI hai| aisI sthiti meM niyati ke siddhAnta kA apalApa karane meM kauna samartha hai / bhavitavyatA bhavatyeva' yaha niyati kA hI siddhAnta hai / niyati ko TAlane meM koI samartha nahIM hai
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________________ kAla svabhAvAdi paMcaka / 201 prAptavyo niyatibalAzrayeNa yo'rthaH so'vazyaM bhavati nRNAM zubhAzubho vaa| bhUtAnAM mahati kRte'pi prayatne, nA'bhAvyaM bhavati na bhAvino'sti nAzaH // niyati kA tAtparya hI hai sArvabhaumika niyama jo nizcita rUpa se saba para lAgU hote haiN| 4. karmavAda ___ adRSTavAdI ke anusAra vartamAna meM prApta sampUrNa avasthAoM kA kAraNa pUrvakRta karma hI haiN| prANI apane jIvana meM svAdhIna nahIM hai, usakI pravRtti ke pIche pUrvakRta karma kI hI preraNA hai- . svakarmaNA yukta eva sarvo hAtpadyate naraH / sa tathA'kRSyate tena na yathA svayamicchati // do vyakti eka hI sthAna meM utpanna hue haiM eka jaisA unako vikAsa kA vAtAvaraNa upalabdha hai isake bAvajUda una donoM kI pragati meM AkAza-pAtala kA antara parilakSita hai| isakA kAraNa pUrvakRta karma hI hai| .. na bhoktavyatirekaNa bhogyaM jagati vidyate / . na cAkRtasya bhogaH syAnmuktAnAM bhogbhaavtH|| jagat meM bhoktA ke binA bhogya vastu kA astitva hI nahIM hai / jisane karma hI * nahIM kiye vaha phala bhoktA nahIM ho sakatA / yadi karma kie binA hI phala bhoga sambhava ho to mukta jIvoM ko bhI saMsAragata vastuoM kA bhoga prApta hotA hai / prANiyoM ko bhoga sAmagrI svakRta karmoM ke anusAra hI upalabdha hotI hai / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki isa jagat kA kAraNa karma hI hai| niyati bhI karma ke hI adhIna hai| 5. puruSavAda .. puruSavAdI ke anusAra puruSa hI isa jagat kA kAraNa hai / jaise makar3I jAle ke saba tantuoM ko paidA karatI hai / usI prakAra Izvara hI jagat kA kartA, dhartA evaM saMhartA hai| hameM kAraNa rUpa meM jo vastueM dikhalAI detI haiM ve bhI puruSAyatta haiM___ puruSo janmina heturnotpattivikalpatvataH / gaganAmbhojavat sarvamanyathA yugapad bhavet / / sampUrNa utpattizIla padArthoM kA kAraNa puruSa hai, yadi puruSa ko kartA na mAnA jAe
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________________ 202 / ArhatI-dRSTi to gaganAmbhojavat kisI kA bhI astitva nahIM ho sakatA athavA sabakI prApti yugapad hogii| puruSa kA artha AtmA bhI kara sakate haiM / ataH isa jagat kA kAraNa puruSa hai| ye pAMcoM hI vAdI eka-dUsare kI upekSA karake jagat kartRtva meM svayaM apanI hI ahamanyatA prakaTa karate haiN| apane se itara kA nirAkaraNa kara dene se vastutaH inakI sattA bhI kAyama nahIM raha sakatI / ataeva AcArya siddhasena kA kahanA hai ki itara . nirapekSa kAla Adi ekAntavAda ayathArtha hai / svatantra rUpa se inake dvArA jagat kI vyavasthA nahIM kI jA sktii| kintu jaba ye hI sApekSa ho jAte haiM ekAnta Agraha ko chor3a dete haiM taba jagat kI kAraNatA kI vyAkhyA meM inakA mahattvapUrNa yoga hotA hai| paraspara sApekSa hokara mithyA paridhi ko tyAga kara samyak paridhi meM A jAte haiN| kAlo sahAva NiyaI puvakAyaM puriskaarnnegNtaa| micchattaM te cevA samAsao hoMti sammataM / / - yadyapi kAla Adi ke samavAya se kArya paidA hotA hai kintu inameM bhI kAraNoM kI mukhyatA gauNatA hai / AtmA hI mukhya kAraNaM hai vahI ina sabakA paraspara samavAya karavAtI - kAlo vA kAraNaM rAjJaH rAjA vA kAraNaM kaalH| iti saMzayo mA bhUta rAjA kAlasya kaarnnm|| AtmA hI mukhya kAraNa hai| vijJAna ke jitane camatkAra haiM ve saba puruSakRta haiM niyati bhI puruSa ke adhIna ho gaI hai| zvetAzvataropaniSada meM bhI brahmarSiyoM ne jagat kAraNa kI khoja kI hai 'kAlaH svabhAva niyatiryadRcchA bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyaa| saMyoga eSAM na tvAtmabhAvadAtmApyanizo sukhaduHkhahetuH / / ' brahmarSi brahma ko jagat kA kAraNa mAnate haiM / isa prakAra prAcInakAla se hI jagat ke kAraNa kI vyAkhyA meM cintana ho rahA thaa| jaina dArzanikoM ne sampUrNa kAraNoM ke samavAya se hI kArya kI utpatti svIkAra kI hai ve kAraNa sApekSa hokara hI kArya ko paidA kara sakate haiN|
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________________ karma siddhAnta aura kSAyopazamika bhAva karma ko jaina darzana vAstavika dravya svIkAra karatA hai / ve mAtra saMskAra-svarUpa nahIM haiM kintu paudgalika aNu-paramANu rUpa hote haiM, jo saMsArAvasthA meM AtmA meM saMlagna rahate haiN| jIva cetanAmaya arUpI padArtha hai / usake sAtha lage hue sUkSma-malAvaraNa ko karma kahate haiM / jIva kI zubha-azubha pravRtti ke dvArA prakampita Atma-pradeza karma prAyogya pudgala skandha ko apanI ora AkarSita karate haiM / AkRSTa pudgala skandha rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa Atma-pradezoM para cipaka jAte haiM tathA ve hI karma kahalAte haiN| chahoM dizAoM se AkarSita catuHsparzI karma-prAyogya pudgala skandhoM se hI karma kI racanA hotI hai| bhagavatI-sUtra meM kAMkSA-mohanIya karmabandha ke prasaMga meM kahA hai ki jIva sarvAtma pradezoM se saba ora se karma pudgaloM ko AkarSita karatA hai|' - saMsAra meM jIva aura ajIva ye do mUla tattva haiN| avaziSTa tattva ina do kA hI vistAra hai| jIva aura ajIva donoM kA svatantra astitva hai| saMsArAvasthA meM jIva ajIva (karma) se sambaddha hotA hai| karma jIva ke jJAna, darzana, Ananda evaM zakti rUpa sahaja svabhAva ko AvRta, vikRta evaM avaruddha karatA rahatA hai| karma ke saMyoga ke kAraNa cetanA kA UrdhvArohaNa pratihata ho jAtA hai| karma kA udaya jIva ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko rokatA hai tathA kSAyopazamika bhAva audayika bhAva ko rokakara jIva ko vikAsa ke mArga para pratiSThita karatA hai / audayika bhAva evaM kSAyopazamika bhAva meM nirantara saMgharSa calatA rahatA hai / ye avasthAeM jIva meM hI hotI haiM, ataH jIva kA bhAva asAdhAraNa dharma kahA jA sakatA hai| bhAva jIva ko ajIva se pRthak karate haiM / tattvArtha sUtra meM pAMca bhAvoM ko jIva kA svarUpa kahA hai| ___ bhAva kA zAbdika artha hai- honaa| bhavanaM bhaavH| isakA pAribhASika artha hai-karma ke udaya, upazama, kSaya evaM kSayopazama se honevAlI jIva kI avsthaa| jIva kA astitva nirapekSa hai| usameM kisI bhI prakAra kI upAdhi nahIM hai / usake upAdhi/ vibhAga karma ke udaya athavA vilaya se hotI hai| jaise jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke udaya se jIva ajJAnI kahalAtA hai aura usake kSayopazama se jIva matijJAnI, zrutajJAnI Adi kahalAtA hai| jJAnAvaraNa ke kSaya se vaha sarvajJa bana jAtA hai| audayika bhAva se vyakti kA bAhya vyaktitva nirmita hotA hai / kSAyopazamika bhAva 4
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________________ 204 / ArhatI-dRSTi se usake Antarika vyaktitva kA nirmANa hotA hai / vyaktitva kI sarvAMgINa vyAkhyA ke lie bhAvoM kA adhyayana bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai / kSayopazama bhAva vyaktitva kA nirdhAraka tattva hai| vartamAna jIvana saMcAlana evaM nirmANa meM kSayopazama kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| jaina karma siddhAnta ke anusAra vyakti apane puruSArtha ke dvArA kSayopazama bhAva ko satata vRddhiMgata kara sakatA hai| upazama aMzakAlIna hotA hai tathA kSaya phalita rUpa hotA hai kintu kSayopazama dIrghakAlIna evaM satata AtmA ko vikAsa ke patha para agrasara karanevAlI mahattvapUrNa prakriyA hai| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM kSayopazama kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / kSaya kI avasthA bArahaveM gaNasthAna se prApta hotI hai, usase pUrva sAdhaka apane kSayopazama bhAva ko hI bar3hAtA rahatA hai / kSayopazama-prakriyA ke dvArA vaha nirantara apane lakSya kI ora abhimukha rahatA hai| yaha kSayopazama bhAva saMsAra ke sabhI choTe-bar3e jIvoM meM rahatA hai| nigoda jaise svalpa vikasita jIva meM bhI kSayopazama bhAva kI niyamA hai / nandI-sUtra meM kahA gayAakSara ke anantaveM bhAga jitanA jIva nitya udghATita rahatA hai anyathA jIva bhI ajIva bana jaaye| yaha zAzvata niyama hai ki jIva kabhI ajIva nahIM bana sakatA, ajIva kabhI jIva nahIM bana sakatA hai / isalie kSayopazama ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| .. kSayopazama, kSaya aura upazama ina do zabdoM se niSpanna hotA hai / karma siddhAnta ke prasaMga meM karmoM ke samUla nAza ko kSaya kahA jAtA hai| jisa samaya karma ke vipAkodaya evaM pradezodaya kA sarvathA abhAva hotA hai vaha upazama kI avasthA kahalAtI hai| kSayopazama ke prakaraNa meM kSaya evaM upazama zabda kA artha bhinna hai / kSayopazama kAla meM kSaya aura pradezodaya athavA manda vipAkodaya calatA rahatA hai| upazama bhAva meM mohanIya karma kA na to kSaya hotA hai na udaya / vaha supta avasthA jaisA zAnta ho jAtA hai kintu usakI sattA banI rahatI hai, ataH aupazamika bhAva ke prakaraNa meM upazama kA artha kSAyopazamika bhAva ke upazama se bhinna hai| dhavalA meM kSayopazama ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki sarvaghAtI spardhaka anantaguNa hIna hokara dezaghAtI spardhaka meM pariNata hokara udaya meM AtA hai| usa sarvaghAtI spardhaka kA anantaguNa hIna honA hI kSaya hai tathA unakA dezaghAtI spardhaka ke rUpa meM avasthAna honA upazama hai / unhIM kSaya evaM upazama se saMyukta udaya kSayopazama kahalAtA hai| sarvArtha siddhi ke anusAra sarvaghAtI spardhakoM ke udaya kA kSaya hone se tathA unakA hI sadavasthA rUpa upazama hone se evaM dezaghAtI spardhakoM kA udaya hone se kSayopazamika bhAva niSpanna hotA hai| ina donoM ullekhoM meM kSayopazama kI paribhASA
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________________ karma siddhAnta aura kSAyopazamika bhAva / 205 kA bheda parilakSita hai| jaise kodrava dhAna ko dhone se kucha kodoM kI madazakti kSINa ho jAtI hai aura kucha kI akSINa / usI taraha pariNAmoM kI nirmalatA se karmoM ke eka deza kA kSaya evaM eka deza kA upazama honA kSAyopazamika bhAva hai| phalitArthataH karmoM ke eka deza kA kSaya evaM eka deza kA upazama hone ko kSayopazama kahate haiN| yadyapi kSayopazama meM karmoM kA udaya bhI vidyamAna rahatA hai parantu usakI zakti atyanta kSINa ho jAne ke kAraNa vaha jIva ke guNoM kA ghAta karane meM samartha nahIM hotaa| kSayopazama kI prakriyA meM udayAvalikA prApta athavA udIrNa dalika kA kSaya hotA rahatA hai tathA anudIrNa kA upazama hotA rahatA hai / yaha kSaya aura upazama kI prakriyA nirantara calatI hai| upazama bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai (1) udayAvalikA meM Ane yogya karma dalikoM ko vipAkodaya ke ayogya banA. denA, aura (2) tIvra rasa kA manda rasa meM pariNamana / 3 kSayopazama, jJAnAvaraNaM Adi cAra ghAtI karmoM kA hI hotA hai| ghAtikarmoM kI prakRtiyAM do prakAra kI hotI haiM-(1) sarvaghAtI, (2) deshghaatii| karmagrantha meM 20 prakRtiyoM ko sarvaghAtI evaM 25 ko dezaghAtI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|" sarvaghAtI evaM dezaghAtI karma prakRtiyoM ke anantAnanta rasa spardhaka hote haiM / gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) kI TIkA meM ghAtikarmoM kI viziSTa zakti ko hI spardhaka kahA hai| akalaMkadeva ne spardhaka ko bhinna prakAra se vyAkhyAyita karate hue kahA hai ki udayaprApta karma ke pradeza abhavyoM se anantaguNA tathA siddhoM ke anantabhAga pramANa hote haiN| unameM se sarvajaghanya guNavAle pradeza ke anubhAga kA buddhi ke dvArA utanA vibhAga kiyA jAe jisase Age vibhAga na ho sakatA ho / sarvajIva rAzi ke anantaguNa pramANa aise sarvajaghanya avibhAga paricchedoM kI rAzi ko varga kahate haiN| isI taraha sarvajaghanya avibhAga paricchedoM ke, jIva rAzi se anantaguNa pramANa rAzirUpa varga banAne caahie| ina samaguNavAle sama saMkhyaka vargoM ke samUha ko vargaNA kahate haiN| punaH eka avibhAga pariccheda adhika guNavAloM ke sarvajIvarAzi kI ananta guNa pramANa rAzi rUpa varga banAne caahie| una vargoM ke samudAya kI vargaNA banAnI caahie| isa taraha eka-eka avibhAga pariccheda bar3hAkara varga aura vargasamUha rUpa vargaNAe~ taba taka banAnI cAhie jaba taka eka pariccheda milatA jaae| isa kramahAni aura krama vRddhi vAlI vargaNAoM ke samudAya ko spardhaka kahate haiN|6 . pratyeka karma ke anantAnanta rasa spardhaka hote haiM / "sarvaghAtI prakRtiyoM ke rasaspardhaka to sarvaghAtI hI hote haiM tathA dezaghAtI prakRtiyoM ke rasa-spardhaka sarvaghAtI evaM dezaghAtI
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________________ 206 / AItI-dRSTi ubhayarUpa hote haiN| 'jJAnabindu-prakaraNa' meM dezaghAtI prakRti ke rasa spardhakoM ko catuHsthAnaka, tristhAnaka, dvisthAnaka evaM ekasthAnaka ke bheda se cAra prakAra kA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| dezaghAtI prakRti ke catuHsthAnaka evaM tristhAnaka rasa-spardhaka to sarvaghAtI hI hote haiM tathA dvisthAnaka spardhaka kucha sarvaghAtI evaM kucha dezaghAtI hote haiM / ekasthAnaka spardhaka dezaghAtI hI hote haiM / vipAka kI mandatA evaM tIvratA ke AdhAra para ekasthAnaka yAvat catuHsthAnaka Adi bheda kiye gaye haiN| gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) meM rasaspardhakoM kI sarvaghAtitA evaM dezaghAtitA ko latA, dAru, asthi evaM zaila ke dRSTAnta se samajhAyA gayA hai| ghAtikarmoM ke spardhaka latA Adi kI taraha cAra prakAra ke hote haiN| jaise latA, dAru, asthi evaM zaila kramazaH kaThora hote haiM vaise hI karmoM ke spardhakoM kI phala dAna zakti uttarottara bar3hatI jAtI hai / latA se lekara dAru ke anantaveM bhAga paryanta taka ke rasa-spardhaka dezaghAtI hote haiM / dAru ke ananta bahubhAga se lekara asthi aura zailarUpa saba spardhaka sarvaghAtI hai| latA sthAnIya spardhakoM kI jJAna bindu meM Agata eka sthAnaka spardhaka kahA jA sakatA hai, ve dezaghAtI hI hote haiM / dAru tulya spardhaka dvi-sthAnakaM hai unameM kucha dezaghAtI evaM kucha sarvaghAtI haiN| asthi tulya tri-sthAnaka evaM zaila tulya catuHsthAnaka rasa-spardhaka hote haiM jo sarvaghAtI hI hote haiN| eka prazna upasthita hotA hai ki dezaghAtI ke spardhaka sarvaghAtI kaise ho sakate haiM? isako samAhita karate hue gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) kI TIkA meM kahA hai ki matijJAnAvaraNa Adi dezaghAtI prakRtiyoM kA anubhAga zaila, asthi, dAru evaM latA sadRza hotA hai |,anubhaag kI tIvratAvAle sarvaghAtI evaM mandatAvAle rasa-spardhaka dezaghAtI hote haiM, jaise cakSudarzanAvaraNIya dezaghAtI prakRti hai| ekendriya meM cakSudarzana ke sarvaghAtI paramANuoM kA udaya hotA hai, ataH unako cakSu darzana kI prApti nahIM hotI / ve sarvaghAtI paramANu cakSudarzana rUpa AtmaguNa ko prakaTa hI nahIM hone dene tathA dUsarI ora caturindriya ke cakSudarzana ke dezaghAtI paramANuoM kA udaya hai / dezaghAtI kA udaya hone para bhI Atma-guNa AMzika rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai, ataH unake cakSu darzana hotA hai / yadi cakSu-darzanAvaraNa Adi dezaghAtI prakRtiyoM ke rasaspardhaka sarvaghAtI hI hote to kisI bhI jIva ko cakSudarzana prApta hI nahIM hotA tathA ve dezaghAtI hI hote to sabako cakSudarzana upalabdha honA cAhie; ataH spaSTa hai cakSudarzana ke rasaspardhaka ubhaya rUpa haiN| sarvaghAtI evaM dezaghAtI spardhakoM kA bandha kaba, kisa rUpa meM hotA hai ityAdi viSayoM kA bhI vivecana 'jJAna bindu' Adi aneka granthoM meM prApta hai| dezaghAtI evaM sarvaghAtI karma-prakRtiyoM ke AdhAra para bhI kSayopazama ke do prakAra
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________________ karma siddhAnta aura kSAyopazamika bhAva / 207 bana jAte haiM--(1) dezaghAtI karmaprakRtiyoM kA kSayopazama aura (2) sarvaghAtI karmaprakRtiyoM kA kSayopazama / dezaghAtI karmaprakRtiyoM ke kSayopazama kAla meM sambaddha prakRti kA manda vipAkodaya rahatA hai / manda vipAka apane AvArya guNa ke vikAsa ko roka nahIM sktaa| isa avasthA meM sarvaghAtI rasa vAlA koI bhI dalika udaya meM nahIM rhtaa| sarvaghAtI karma-prakRtiyoM ke kSayopazama kAla meM vipAkodaya sarvathA nahIM rahatA kevala pradezodaya . rahatA hai / kevala-jJAnAvaraNa evaM kevala-darzanAvaraNa ina do sarvaghAtI karma-prakRtiyoM kA kSayopazama nahIM hotaa| ___zubha adhyavasAya, zubha lezyA aura zubha yoga ke dvArA karma-prakRtiyoM ke tIvra vipAkodaya ko manda vipAkodaya aura vipAkodaya ko pradezodaya meM badalane kI kriyA cAlU rahatI hai| audayika evaM kSAyopazamika bhAva kA saMgharSa nirantara calatA hai|" sAdhanA kI saghanatA se kSAyopazamika bhAva prabala ho jAtA hai| sAdhanA ke vividha prayogoM ke dvArA kSAyopazama bhAva ko zaktizAlI banAyA jA sakatA hai| tapasyA, dhyAna Adi sAdhanA ke dvArA AtmapradezoM ko vizuddha banA diyA jAtA hai / usa vizuddhi ke samparka meM Ate hI azuddhi kA kSaya hotA calA jAtA hai| jaise lesara kiraNa nirmita yantra saikar3oM hIroM ko ekasAtha kATa detA hai, vaise hI vizuddhimaya AtmapradezoM ke dvArA anantAnanta karmoM kA nirjaraNa satata hotA rahatA hai| kSayopazama kI prakriyA ke saiddhAntika svarUpa kA avabodha prApta kara jIvana ke vyavahAra meM usakA avataraNa Avazyaka hai| dhyAna/tapasyAtmaka puruSArtha ke dvArA udIraNA, apavartana, udvartana, saMkramaNa Adi avasthAoM ko niSpAdita karake santulita vyaktitva kA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai| AvegoM ke zodhana, parivartana Adi kI prakriyA para mAnasa-zAstra meM vicAra huA hai| jaina karmazAstra meM bhI Aveza-parizodhana kI vistRta prakriyA upalabdha hai| karmazAstra kI bhASA meM Avega-niyantraNa kI tIna paddhatiyAM haiM-upazamana, kSayopazamana evaM kssyiikrnn| - 1. upazamana-mana meM jo Avega utpanna hue haiM unako dabA denA upazama hai / isameM AvegoM kA vilaya nahIM hotA kintu ve eka bAra tirohita jaise pratIta hote haiM kintu punaH ubhara jAte haiN| manovijJAna kI bhASA meM ise damana kI paddhati kahA gayA hai / manovijJAna damana kI paddhati ko svastha nahIM maantaa| karmazAstra meM yaha mAnya hai| Ayurveda meM do prakAra ke vega batalAe gae haiM--zArIrika evaM mAnasika / vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki zArIrika vega nahIM rokanA cAhie, mAnasika vega ko rokanA Avazyaka hai| krodha kA
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________________ 208 / ArhatI-dRSTi Avega AyA hai to tatkAla use eka bAra dabAnA hogA, bAda meM usakA parizodhana Avazyaka hai / karmazAstra bhI mAnatA hai ki upazamana kI paddhati lakSya taka nahIM pahuMcA sktii| upazama-prakriyA se calanevAlA sAdhaka gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM pahuMcakara bhI vahAM se gira par3atA hai / antataH to upazamita vRttiyAM atyanta vega se punaH ubhara AtI haiM, ataH upazamana ke sAtha hI parizodhana Avazyaka hai| 2. kSayopazama isa prakriyA meM doSoM kA upazamana evaM kSaya sAtha-sAtha calatA hai / yaha mArgAntarIkaraNa kI prakriyA hai / manovijJAna kI bhASA meM ise udAttIkaraNa kahA jA sakatA hai| 3. kSayIkaraNa isameM doSoM kA sarvathA vilayana ho jAtA hai| sarvathA kSaya ho jAne ke bAda doSoM kA punaH AvirbhAva nahIM ho sktaa| kSayopazama kevala cAra ghAtikarma kA hI hotA hai| aghAtikarma kA nahIM hotaa| vedanIya, AyuSya, nAma evaM gotra-karma AtmA ke guNoM kA ghAta karane vAle nahIM haiN| AtmA ke cAra maulika guNa haiM-jJAna, darzana, Ananda aura zakti / ghAtikarma ina guNoM kA ghAta karate haiM kintu ve sarvathA ghAta nahIM karate isalie unakA kSayopazama hotA rahatA hai| aghAtikarma kA udaya tathA kSaya hI ho sakatA hai| upazama evaM kSayopazama nahIM hotA kyoMki aghAtikarma saMyoga karanevAle haiN| zubha karma kA udaya hotA hai to zubha pudgaloM kA aura yadi azubha karma kA udaya hotA hai to azubha pudgaloM kA saMyoga milatA hai| ye karma AtmaguNoM ke AvAraka, vikAraka evaM avarodhaka nahIM haiM balki ye prApaka haiM, kucha prApta karavAnevAle haiM, ataH inakA udaya yA kSaya hI ho sakatA hai| kSayopazama evaM upazama nahIM ho sktaa| ___pUrNa upazama kevala mohanIya karma kA hI hotA hai / isakA hetu yaha hai ki mohanIya karma kI prakRtiyAM saMvegAtmaka aura vikAraka haiM, isalie unakA upazama kiyA jA sakatA hai / jJAnAvaraNIya evaM darzanAvaraNIya karma kI prakRtiyAM AvAraka aura antarAya karma kI prakRtiyAM avarodhaka hotI haiM, ataH unakA upazama nahIM hotA / aghAtikarma kA bhI upazama nahIM ho sakatA,unakA to nirantara bhoga hI kiyA jAtA hai / jaba guNasthAnAtIta avasthA prApta hotI hai taba aghAti karma kA kSaya hotA hai| zarIrI avasthA meM to unakA bhoga hI ho sakatA hai jabaki ghAtikarmoM kA sazarIra avasthA meM hI pUrNatayA nAza ho jAtA hai| jaina darzana meM pAMcoM bhAvoM kA vizada vivecana prApta hai| unake AdhAra para vyaktitva ke bAhya evaM Abhyantara svarUpa kA vizleSaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| manovaijJAnika kSetra
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________________ karma siddhAnta aura kSAyopazamika bhAva / 209 meM pradatta vyaktitva kI mImAMsA bhI pAMca bhAvoM ke sAtha samIkSaNIya hai| jainetara darzana meM bhI bhAvoM ke sadRza vicAroM kA ullekha huA hai / mukhyataH pAtaJjala yoga sUtra meM aise vicAra upalabdha haiM / jainanyAya ke viziSTa vidvAn upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI ne pAtaJjala yoga-sUtra para TIkA likhI hai| usameM unhoMne ina bhAvoM ke sAtha klezoM ke AvirbhAva evaM tirobhAva avasthA kI tulanA kI hai| unhoMne avidyA, asmitA, rAga-dveSa evaM abhiniveza ina pA~ca klezoM ko mohanIya karma kA udaya mAnA hai / pataJjali ke anusAra kleza prasupta, tanu, vicchinna evaM udAra--ina cAra rUpoM meM vidyamAna rahate haiN|23 upAdhyAyajI ke anusAra kleza kI prasuptAvasthA jaina mAnya abAdhAkAla sadRza hai| tanu avasthA upazama athavA kSayopazama sthAnIya hai| udAra avasthA udaya ke tulya pAtaJjala yoga meM asaMprajJAta samAdhi, bhavapratyaya evaM upAya pratyaya ke bheda se do prakAra kI svIkRta hai|" bhavapratyaya samAdhi videha evaM prakRtilIna puruSoM ke hotI hai / 26 jaba taka citta punarAvartita nahIM hotA hai taba taka isa samAdhi meM kaivalya sadRza pada kA anubhava hotA hai kintu nirdhArita samaya ke pazcAt punaH vRttiyoM kA AvirbhAva ho jAtA hai, ataH bhavapratyaya samAdhi kI tulanA jaina mAnya upazama bhAva se kI jA sakatI hai| upAya-pratyaya samAdhi yogiyoM ke hotI hai| sAdhaka zraddhA, vIrya, smRti, samAdhi tathA prajJA-ina upAyoM ke dvArA asaMprajJAta samAdhi ko prApta karatA hai| zraddhA Adi upAyoM ke dvArA puruSArtha pUrvaka sAdhaka klezoM ko kSaya karatA huA anta meM asaMprajJAta samAdhi ko upalabdha hotA hai / samAdhi prApti kI prayatnAvasthA ko kSayopazama evaM usakI prApti kI avasthA kI tulanA kSAyika bhAva se kI jA sakatI hai| . bhautika vaijJAnika bhI Aja 'kvAMTama' ke AdhAra para Antarika bhAvoM kI prastuti kara rahe haiM / DeviDa boma ke anusAra, hamAre bhItara eka sahaja Ananda kI sthiti haiM kintu jaba cintana evaM indriya saMvedana/sukha prabala ho jAte haiM taba vaha AdRta ho jAtA hai / jaba bAhya cintana evaM sukhaiSaNA rUpa saMvedanA zAnta ho jAtI hai taba bhItara Ananda prakaTa ho jAtA hai / bAhya cintana evaM indriya saMvedanA ko audayika bhAva rUpa mAnA jA sakatA hai tathA Antarika jJAna evaM Ananda kI abhivyakti kSayopazama bhAva ke sadRza svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai| bhautika vijJAna ke niyama bhI adhyAtma kI ora bar3ha rahe haiM, aisA pratIta ho rahA hai| pAriNAmika bhAva astitva kA ghaTaka tattva hai / pAriNAmika bhAva ke kAraNa vastu kA astitva kabhI naSTa nahIM ho sktaa| kSAyopazamika bhAva vyaktitva kA nirmAtA hai|
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________________ 210 / ArhatI-dRSTi jIva apane puruSArtha ke dvArA nirantara AdhyAtmika ArohaNa kara sakatA hai| kSAyopazamika bhAva ke dvArA hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa sambhava hai aura kSAyopazamika bhAva kI vRddhi puruSArtha se sambhava hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra puruSArthavAda ke pravaktA the| unakA siddhAnta thA ki jIva apane puruSArtha ke dvArA karma kA bandha karatA hai aura puruSArtha ke dvArA usameM parivartana bhI kara sakatA hai| karmavAda kA sAmAnya niyama hai-apane kiye hae karmoM ko bhoge binA chuTakArA nahIM hotaa| yadi yaha niyama sArvabhauma evaM nirapekSa ho to dhArmika puruSArtha kI sArthakatA kama ho jAtI hai| usakI sArthakatA tabhI phalita hotI hai ki manuSya atIta ke bandhana ko badala DAle / pUrvakRta karma ko nirvIrya banA de| adhyAtma vikAsa kA tAtparya hai karmoM ke bandhana ko tor3a ddaalnaa| jyoM-jyoM karma bandha zithila hotA jAegA, AtmA apane svabhAva ko prApta hotI jaaeNgii| isa prakAra karma ke kSayopazama ke dvArA vyakti AdhyAtmika UMcAiyoM ko prApta kara sakatA hai, aisA nirvivAda kahA jA sakatA hai| .. sandarbha 1. jaina-siddhAnta-dIpikA.4/1 .. 2. bhagavatI 1/119 3. ThANaM 2/1 4. tattvArtha sU. 2/1 5. tattvA . bhA. TI. 2/1 6. jaina si. dI. 2/42 7. anuyogadvAra, bhA. sU. 271 8. savvajIvANaM pi ya NaM-akkharassa aNaMtatamo bhAgo niccughADio, jaI puNa so vi AvarijjA, teNaM jIvo ajIvattaM paavijjaa| nandI sUtra 71 9. tadatyantAtyayAt saH kSayaH / tattvA. bhA. TI. 2/1, 10. savyadhAdiphaddayANi aNaMtaguNahINANi ghedUNa desaghAdiphaddayattaNeNa pariNamiya udayamAgacchaMti, tesimaNaMtaguNahINataM khao nnaam| desghaadiphddysruvennvtttthaannmuvsmo| tehiM khaovasamehiM saMjuttodayo khaovasamo nnaam| dhavalA 7/2, 1, 49/91/7, 11. sarvaghAtispardhakAnAmudayakSayAtteSAmeva sadupazamAddezaghAtisparddhakAnAmudaye kSAyopazamiko bhAvo bhvti| sarvArthasiddhi 2/5/157/3, 12. ubhayAtmako mizraH kSINAkSINamadazaktikodravavat |tttvaa. rA. vA. 2/1/3,
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________________ karma siddhAnta aura kSAyopazamika bhAva / 211 13. anuyogadvAra-bhA. sU. 271-287 14. (ka) kevalajuyalAvaraNA paNaniddA baarsaaimksaayaa| micchaM ti savvaghAI - cauNANa - tidaMsaNavaraNA saMjalaNa nokasAyA vigdhaM iya desaghAiya aghAI / / _karmagrantha 5, gA. 13-14 (kha) jJAnabindu, pR. 3 15. ghAtinAM jJAnadarzanAvaraNamohanIyAntarAyANAM zaktayaH spardhakAni / go. ka gA. TI. 180, 16. avibhAgaparichinakarmapradezarasabhAgapracayapaMkteH kramavRddhiH kramahAniH sprdhkm| ta. rA. vA. 2/5/4, 17. iha hi karmaNAM pratyekaM anantAntAni rasaspardhakAni bhavanti / jJAnabindu, pR. 3, 18. jJAnabindu, pR. 3 19. sattI ya ladAdAruaTThIselovamA hu ghAdINaM / dAru aNaMtimabhAgo tti dezaghAtI tado savvaM // go. ka. gA. 180, 20. go. ka gA. TI. 180 21. anuyogadvAra bhA. sU. 271-287 . 22. dhArayettu sadA vegAn hitaiSI pretya ceha c| lobheAdveSamAtsaryarAgAdInAM jitendriyaH / / vegAnna dhArayedvAtaviNmUtrakSavatRkSudhAm / nidrAkAsazramazvAsajRmbhAzrucchidiretasAm // ___ aSTAMga hRdaya, sUtra sthAna adhyAya 4, zloka 24 23. avidyAkSetramuttareSAM prsupttnuvicchinnodraannaam| pA. yo. da. 2/4, 24. Studies in Jaina Philosophy, p. 259-60 25. sa khalvayaM dvividhaH, upAyapratyayo bhavapratyayazca / pA. yo. sU. mA. 1/19, 26 . bhavapratyayo videhprkRtilyaanaam| pA. yo. 1/19, 27. zraddhAvIryasmRtisamAdhiprajJApUrvaka itressaam| pA. yo. sU. 1/20 28. kaDANa kammANa na mokkha atthi / uttarAdhyayana 4/3,
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________________ vibhinna bhAratIya darzanoM meM Azrava sabhI bhAratIya cintakoM ne AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra kiyA hai / AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa ke nirUpaNa ke avasara para use ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta Ananda, ananta zakti sampanna, nirlepa, zuddha, niraMjana, nirAkAra Adi aneka vizeSaNoM se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai kintu saMsArAvasthA meM usakA svarUpa varNita svarUpa se bhinna prakAra kA hotA hai| usake jJAna, Ananda, zakti Adi svabhAva saMsArAvasthA meM sImita hote haiM, ataH sabhI dArzanikoM ne AtmA kI do avasthAe~ svIkAra kI haiM--baddha-AtmA aura mukta-AtmA / muktAvasthA meM AtmA zuddha svarUpavAlI hI hotI hai / vaha ananta catuSTyI se sampanna hotI hai kintu baddhAvasthA meM vaha karmoM se AvRtta rahatI hai, ataH karma bandhana ke kAraNa usake asImita jJAna Adi svabhAva meM sImitatA A jAtI hai| AtmA karmoM se kyoM baMdhatI hai ? bandhana kA hetu kyA hai ? ina bandhana ke kAraNoM kI mImAMsA bhI dArzanikoM ke cintana kA viSaya rahA hai| - karmabandha ke hetuoM kA nirUpaNa vibhinna darzanoM meM pRthak-pRthak nAma se huA hai / jaina evaM bauddha darzana meM karmabandha ke hetuoM ko Azrava/Asava kahA gayA hai / jaina siddhAnta dIpikA meM Azrava ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA. 'karmAkarSaNaheturAtmapariNAma AzravaH' karma AkarSaNa ke hetubhUta Atma pariNAma ko Azrava kahA jAtA hai / jisa Atma-pariNAma se AtmA meM karmoM kA AzravaNa-praveza hotA hai, use Azrava arthAt karmabandha kA hetu kahA jAtA hai| . karmabandha ke hetarUpa meM Azrava zabda kA prayoga jaina, bauddha paramparA meM haA hai| kintu isa bandhana hetu rUpa Azrava kI svIkRti to nAmAntara se prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzana paramparA meM hai| jIva/AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karanevAle sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ne bandha aura mokSa ko svIkAra kiyA hai / samasta darzanoM ne avidyA, moha, ajJAna, mithyAjJAna ko bandha athavA saMsAra kA kAraNa tathA vidyA, tattvajJAna, bhedavijJAna Adi ko mokSa kA hetu mAnA hai| dArzanika prasthAna kA yaha sarvasammata vicAra hai / vibhinna darzanoM meM yaha vicAra kisa rUpa meM prasphuTita hai usakA avalokana karanA prastuta prasaMga meM kAmya hai|
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________________ vibhinna bhAratIya darzanoM meM Azrava / 213 vedAnta darzana . . vedAnta ke anusAra avidyA saMsAra kA kAraNa hai / brahma nitya, zuddha, caitanya svabhAva evaM akhaNDa Ananda svarUpa hai| kintu avidyA ke kAraNa brahma kI prApti nahIM hotI hai| isI ke kAraNa jIva ko apane svarUpa kI vismRti rahatI hai| apane svabhAva se bhinna vibhAva meM Asakti hotI hai| avidyA ke kAraNa hI jIva apane brahma svarUpa se bhinna rahatA hai / indriyAM bahirmukha haiM,ve antarAtmA kA darzana nahIM kara sakatIM / kaThopaniSad (2/1/1) meM kahA hai ki parAJci khAni vyatRNat svayaMbhUs tasmAt parADyazyanti nAntarAtman // vedAnta darzana ke anusAra jJAna se mukti hotI hai aura ajJAna/avidyA se bandha hotA hai--'jJAnAnmuktiH bandho viparyayAt' / jIva anAdi mAyA se supta hai / usa mAyA/ . avidyA kI nivRtti se hI vaha jAgRta hotA hai aura jIva kA jAgRta honA hI mokSa hai| avidyAnivRttireva mokSaH / samyak jJAna hI mokSa kA upAya hai / mokSa meM advaita avabhAsita hotA hai anAdimAyayA supto yadA jIvaH prbudhyte| ajaM anidraM asvanaM advaitaM budhyate tadA / / uparyukta tathyoM se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vedAnta ke anusAra Azrava arthAt karmabandha kA hetu avidyA hI hai| sAMkhya evaM yoga darzana ____sAMkhya darzana ke anusAra yaha sAMsArika jIvana AdhyAtmika, Adhibhautika evaM adhidaivika ina trividha duHkhoM se paripUrNa hai / duHkha kA mUla kAraNa avidyA arthAt mithyAjJAna hI hai| prakRti evaM puruSa meM ekatva kI anubhUti avidyA ke kAraNa hotI hai| avidyA viveka khyAti kI avarodhaka hai / sAMkhya darzana ke anusAra bandha viparyaya para AdhArita hai aura viparyaya hI mithyAjJAna hai| anAtmA meM Atmabuddhi honA hI ' mithyAjJAna hai| ___ yoga darzana ke anusAra kleza hI bandha ke kAraNa haiM / kleza pAMca mAne gaye haiM"avidyA'smitArAgadveSAbhinivezAH paJca klezAH' ina saba klezoM ke mUla meM avidyA hai-avidyAbhUmimuttareSAm / sAMkhya jisako viparyaya kahatA hai yoga meM use kleza kahA
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________________ 214 / ArhatI-dRSTi gayA hai / avidyA ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA-- 'anityAzuciduH khAnAtmasu nityazucisukhAtmakhyAtiravidyA' anitya, azuci, duHkha evaM anAtmA meM kramazaH nitya, zuci, sukha evaM Atmabuddhi karanA avidyA hai| sAMkhya evaM yoga ne jJAna ko hI mukti kA kAraNa mAnA hai / puruSa kA prakRti se asambandha hI mokSa hai / vastutaH isa darzana ke anusAra bandha aura mokSa puruSa ke nahIM hote apitu prakRti ke hI hote haiM--'saMsarati badhyate mucyate nAnAzrayA prkRtiH|' yoga darzana ke mantavya ke anusAra avidyA Adi pAMca klezoM ke kAraNa kliSTa vRtti citta vyApAra kI utpatti hotI hai aura usase dharma, adharma rUpa saMskAra utpanna hote haiN| yogamAnya kleza kaSAya Azrava sthAnIya evaM cittavRtti yoga Azrava sthAnIya hai| viveka khyAti se klezoM kA nirodha sambhava hai / klezAvaraNa dUra hone para mukti ho jAtI hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana nyAya vaizeSika darzana dvaitavAdI hai| ve AtmA aura paramANu kA pRthak astitva svIkAra karate haiM / avidyA ke kAraNa hI jIva zarIra ko AtmA samajhane lagatA hai| naiyAyika rAga-dveSa aura moha rUpa tIna doSoM ko svIkAra karate haiM / ye tInoM doSa naiyAyika darzana meM jainamAnya Azrava sthAnIya hai| ina doSoM se preraNA prApta karake jIva ke mana, vacana evaM kAya kI pravRtti hotI hai| usa pravRtti se dharma; adharma kI utpatti hotI hai| inako saMskAra bhI kahA jAtA hai| tattvajJAna se bandha kA nAza hotA hai| mithyAjJAna, doSa, pravRtti Adi ke kAraNa hI saMsAra pravartita hotA hai-'mithyAjJAnAdayo duHkhAntadharmAvicchedenaiva pravartamAnaH saMsAra:' aura inakA nAza hone se mukti ho jAtI hai| nyAyasUtra meM mukti kI prakriyA kA ullekha karate hue kahA gayA'duHkhajanmapravRttidoSamithyAjJAnAnAmuttarottarApAye tdntraapaayaadpvrgH'|. sarvaprathama mithyAjJAna kA nAza hotA hai tatpazcAt kramazaH doSa, pravRtti, janma evaM duHkha kA nAza hone se apavarga kI prApti hotI hai| rAga, dveSa evaM moha ye tIna karma bandha ke hetu banate haiN| inake nirodha se apavarga:sammukha ho jAtA hai| bauddha darzana bauddha darzana anAtmavAdI hai / isa darzana ke anusAra zAzvata, nitya svarUpavAlA AtmA nAma kA koI svatantra padArtha nahIM hai / AtmA jaisI kisI svatantra, zAzvata vastu kA astitva nahIM hone para bhI zarIra Adi anAtma dravyoM meM Atma-buddhi honA hI bandhana
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________________ vibhinna bhAratIya darzanoM meM Azrava / 215 kA hetu hai tathA ise hI avidyA yA mithyAjJAna kahA jAtA hai / bauddha darzana ke anusAra nAma aura rUpa ke saMsarga se anAdikAlIna saMsAra-cakra cala rahA hai| saMsAra-cakra kA kAraNa lobha, rAga, dveSa Adi haiM / ye lobha Adi hI karmabandhana ke hetu haiN| karmabandha ke hetu ke rUpa meM jaise jaina paramparA meM Azrava zabda kA prayoga huA hai vaise hI bauddha paramparA meM pAlI bhASA meM 'Asava' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| 'Asava' ko vyAkhyAyita karate hue kahA gayA koI bhI vastu sthira nahIM hai phira bhI usakA sthira vastu ke rUpa meM svIkAra anAdi doSa ke kAraNa hotA hai aura vahI doSa avidyA hai| yaha avidyA Asava ke nimitta se prakaTa hotI hai / Asava cAra prakAra kA hai 1. kAmAsava-zabda Adi viSayoM ko prApta karane kI icchaa| 2. bhavAsaka-paMca skandha arthAt sacetana deha meM jIne kI icchaa| 3. dRSyAsava-bauddha dRSTi se viparIta dRSTi sevana kA veg| 4. avidyAsava-asthira athavA anitya padArthoM meM sthiratA yA nityatA kI buddhi / duHkha meM sukha, anAtma meM Atmabuddhi aadi| . aguttara nikAya meM Azrava ke kAmAzrava, bhavAzrava evaM avidyAzrava ye tIna bheda kiye gaye haiN| avidyA ko sabane karmabandha kA mUla hetu mAnA hai| jaina darzana ___jaina darzana ke anusAra karma AkarSaNa ke hetubhUta Atma pariNAma ko Azrava kahA jAtA hai / Azrava hI saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa hai, jaisA ki hemacandrAcArya ne kahA hai'Azravo bhavahetuH syAt' / jaina AgamoM meM aneka sthaloM para karmabandha ke hetuoM kI carcA hai| bhagavatI meM pramAda aura yoga ko bandha kA hetu kahA gayA--'jIve NaM kaMkhAmohaNiyakammaM kajjai pamAeNaM jogeNaM'sthAnAMga meM bhI rAga evaM dveSa ko karmabandha kA hetu kahA hai| patravaNA meM bhI isakI vistAra se carcA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM rAga evaM dveSa ko karma kA bIja kahA gayA hai--'rAgo ya doso vi ya kammabIaM' tattvArtha-sUtra meM karmabandha ke pAMca hetuoM kA ullekha hai___ 'mithyAdarzanAviratipramAdakaSAyayoga bandhahetavaH' / ina bandha hetuoM ko hI jaina darzana meM Azrava kahA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM mithyAtva Azrava se prasiddha tattva jainetara darzanoM meM avidyA, mithyAjJAna Adi nAmoM se prasiddha hai / ina AzravoM ke dvArA hI karma paramANuoM kA AkarSaNa hokara AtmA se ve cipaka jAte haiN| ___ jaina sAhitya meM Azrava para vistAra se carcA upalabdha hai| pAMcoM hI AzravoM kA saMkSepa meM varNana yahAM kAmya hai|
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________________ 216 / AhatI-dRSTi .. 1. mithyAtva--'atattve tattvazraddhA mithyAtvam' darzana mohanIya karma ke udaya se atattva (ayathArtha) meM tattva kI pratIti mithyAtva hai| Abhigrahika, anAbhigrahika, Abhinivezika, anAbhogika evaM sAMzayika ke bheda se mithyAtva ko pAMca prakAra kA nirdiSTa kiyA hai / mithyAtva hI mUla Azrava hai / isakA nirodha hone se hI anya AzravoM kA nirodha sambhava hai| anya darzanoM meM mithyAtva ko hI avidyA, ajJAna, mithyAjJAna Adi kahA gayA hai| 2. avirati-'apratyAkhyAnamaviratiH' apratyAkhyAna evaM pratyAkhyAna moha ke udaya se AtmA kA hiMsA Adi meM atyAgarUpa jo adhyavasAya hotA hai, use avirati kahate haiN| 3. pramAda-'anutsAhaH pramAdaH' arati Adi moha ke udaya se adhyAtma ke prati jo anutsAha hotA hai, usakA nAma pramAda hai| 4. kaSAya--'rAgadveSAtmakottApaH kaSAyaH' AtmA kI rAgadveSAtmaka utpattatA kaSAya Azrava hai / anantAnubandhI Adi ke bheda-prabheda se kaSAya ke aneka prakAra haiN| 5. yoga-'kAya-vAGmano vyApAro yogaH' vIryAntarAya karma ke kSayopazama se tathA zarIra nAma karma ke udaya se niSpanna tathA zarIra, bhASA evaM mana kI vargaNA ke saMyoga se honevAle zarIra, vacana evaM mana kI pravRtti rUpa AtmA ke pariNAma ko yoga kahate haiN| zubha evaM azubha ke bheda se yoga do prakAra kA hai| yoga kI zubhatA evaM azubhatA kA kAraNa mohakarma kA saMyoga-viyoga hai| jaisA ki AcArya bhikSu ne navapadArtha meM kahA hai--'ujalA nai mailA kahyA joga, mohakarama saMjoga vijog'| sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM meM mukti kI avadhAraNA hai / mukti kI avadhAraNA ke sAtha bandha kI svIkRti svata: phalita hai / bandha hai to usakA kAraNa bhI hai jise Azrava kahA jAtA hai / bandhana mukti kA upAya saMvara evaM nirjarA hai, ina saMvara nirjarAtmaka hetu ke dvArA AtmA kI Atyantika evaM aikAntika bandhana mukti sambhava hai| '
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________________ navatattva : upayogitAvAda sabhI dArzanikoM ne saMsAra ke mUla padArthoM para cintana kiyA hai / unhIM mUla padArthoM ko bhAratIya darzana meM tattva yA padArtha kahA jAtA hai |sbhii dArzanikoM ne bhinna-bhinna rUpa se mUla tattvoM ko svIkRti dI hai / cArvAka logoM kA mAnanA hai ki pRthvI, pAnI, agni aura vAyu ye cAra mUla tattva haiM / bauddha darzana meM bhinna-bhinna prasthAnoM ke phalasvarUpa vibhinna prakAra ke tattva svIkRta haiM / zUnyavAdI kevala zUnya ko, yogAcAra kevala vijJAna skandha ko tathA anya bauddha pAMca Antarika skandhoM aura cAra bAhya paramANuoM ko tattva mAnate haiN| duHkhaM ca saMsAriNa skandhA te ca paJca prkiirtitaa| vijJAnaM vedanA saMjJA saMskAroM rUpameva c| bhagavAn buddha ke anusAra cAra Aryasatya hI tattva haiN| rAmAnuja sampradAya ke anusAra sabhI padArtha pramANa aura prameya una do rUpoM meM vibhakta haiN| pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama ye pramANa hai / dravya, guNa evaM sAmAnya prameya haiM / inake uttarabheda aneka haiM / madhva sampradAya ke anusAra dravya, guNa Adi dasa tattva haiM / naiyAyika solaha tattva mAnatA hai| " vezaiSika kA sAta padArthoM kA abhyupagama hai| sAMkhya darzana saMkSepa meM prakRtyAtmaka,. vikRtyAtmaka, ubhaya evaM anubhaya svarUpavAle cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta tattva ko mAnatA hai| unakA vistRta rUpa hI 25 tattva haiN| advaita vedAnta meM padArtha ekAtmaka hai vaha brahmamaya hai / isake anusAra dvaita kI pratIti anAdi avidyA ke kAraNa kalpita hai / jaina darzana dvaitavAdI darzana hai| usake mUla meM jIva evaM ajIva ye do tattva haiM kintu vivakSA bheda se unake chaH sAta yA nau bheda ho jAte haiN| - mokSa sAdhanA ke upayogI jJeyoM ko tattva kahA jAtA hai / ve nau haiM--jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Azrava, saMvara, nirjarA, bandha aura mokSa / umAsvAti ne tattvoM kI saMkhyA sAta svIkRta kI hai| puNya-pApa kA antarbhAva bandha tattva ke antargata kiyA hai / saMkSepa dRSTi se tattva do hI haiM--jIva aura ajIva / sAta yA nau kA vibhAga unhIM kA vistAra hai| puNya-pApa bandha ke avAntara bheda haiN| unakI svatantra vivakSA ho to tattva nau aura svatantra vivakSA na ho to ve sAta hote haiN| unake chaH bheda bhI upalabdha hote haiM-dharma, adharma,
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________________ 218 / AhatI-dRSTi AkAza, kAla, pudgala aura jIva / chaha evaM nau prakAra ke bheda ke nirUpaNa ke pIche do prakAra kI dRSTiyAM haiN| jaba hama jAgatika sthiti ko samajhane kA prayatna karate haiM taba do kI saMkhyA chaha ho jAtI hai| jahAM loka ke bAre meM varNana milatA hai vahAM nava tattva kA ullekha hI nahIM hai| chaha dravyoM kI hI vyAkhyA prApta hotI hai| - lokasthiti kI jAnakArI ke lie ajIva antargata padArthoM kA jitanA mahattva hai utanA jIva kI vibhinna dazAoM kA nahIM hai / chahaH dravyoM meM jIva kI avasthAoM kA vibhAga nahIM kiyA gayA hai| unameM sirpha ajIva kA vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| AtmA kI mukti kaise ho sakatI hai? jIva yA ajIva kI kauna-sI avasthAe~ mukti meM bAdhaka evaM sAdhaka haiM ? saMsAra mukti kI jijJAsA arthAt AtmasAdhanA kI jijJAsA ina do tattvoM ko nau tattvoM meM vibhakta kara detI hai| puNya se lekara mokSa taka ke sAta tattva svatantra nahIM hai| jIva ajIva kI avasthA vizeSa hai| puNya, pApa aura bandha ye paudgalika haiM, isalie ajIva ke paryAya haiM |aashrv saMvara, nirjarA evaM mokSa ye jIva kI paryAya haiM / nava tattvoM meM pahalA tattva jIva hai aura antima mokSa / jIva ke do prakAra batalAe gaye haiM-baddha aura mukta / baddha jIva pahalA aura mukta jIva antima tattva hai| ajIva jIva kA pratipakSa hai| vaha baddha-mukta nahIM hotaa| karma kA bandhana paudgalika hotA hai isalie sAdhanA ke krama meM ajIva kI jAnakArI bhI Avazyaka hai| ajIva ko jAne binA saMsAra mukti kA upAya nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| dazavaikAlika sUtra meM kahA gayA hai--'jo jIve vi na yANAi ajIve vinaM yANaI jIvAjIve ayANato kahaM so nAhai sajama, saMyama evaM ahiMsA kA AcaraNa karane ke lie jIva evaM ajIva kI avagati atyanta apekSita hai / bandhana-mukti kI jijJAsA utpanna hone para jIva sAdhakatattva aura mokSa sAdhyatattva banatA hai| zeSa sAre tattva mokSa mArga ke sAdhaka yA bAdhaka banate haiN| puNya-pApa, aura bandha mokSa ke bAdhaka haiM / Azrava bhI apekSA bheda se sAdhaka-bAdhaka donoM mAnA jA sakatA hai| zubhayoga se karma nirjarita hote haiM ataH yaha sAdhaka hai kintu Azrava kA karma saMgrAhaka rUpa to mokSamArga kA bAdhaka hI hai| saMvara aura nirjarA mokSa ke sAdhaka haiN| . ___ chaha dravyoM meM eka dravya jIva aura pAMca dravya ajIva tathA nau tattvoM meM 5 tattva . jIva aura 4 tattva ajIva haiM / isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki vizva meM mUla tattva do rAzi hI haiM / jIva rAzi aura ajIva rAzi / jIva rAzi meM saba jIva aura ajIva rAzi meM saba ajIva samA jAte haiM arthAt sampUrNa loka kA vistAra ina do rAziyoM meM samAhita ho jAtA hai|
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________________ navatattva : upayogitAvAda | 219 tattvoM ke vibhAjana kI eka pRthak zailI bhI rahI hai unako cAra bhAgoM meM bhI vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / udbhaTa vidvAn udyotakara ne heya, heyanirvataka, hAna evaM hAnopAya ye cAra arthapada mAne haiM / cikitsA zAstra meM bhI cAra vibhAga upalabdha hote haiM / roga, rogahetu, Arogya aura bhaiSajya / vaise hI adhyAtma zAstra ke tattvoM kA vibhAga bhI cAra bhAgoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai / saMsAra, saMsArahetu mokSa aura mokssopaay| vyAdhijJeyo vyAdhihetuH praheyaH, svAsthyaM prApya bhaiSajyaM sevyamevaM / duHkhaM hetustannirodho'tha mArgo, jJeyaM heyaM sparzitavyaM niSevyaH / / bhagavAn buddha ne bhI cAra Arya satyoM ko tattva mAnA hai| duHkha, duHkhahetu, nirodha evaM nirodha kA mArga / ThIka usI prakAra jaina ke sAta tattvoM kA vibhAjana isI rUpa meM kiyA jA sakatA hai / jIva aura ajova ye do tattva saMsAra haiM, Azrava aura bandha saMsAra ke hetu haiM, mokSa lakSya hai tathA saMvara nirjarA usakI prApti ke sAdhana haiM / parantu saMkSepa meM inakA antarbhAva jIva rAzi, ajIva rAzi meM hI ho jAtA hai| ____ anya dArzanikoM kI tattva kalpanA kA antarbhAva ina do tattvoM meM hI ho jAtA hai / vaizeSika parikalpita dravya, pRthvI, jala, vAyu Adi guNa-sparza Adi karma utkSepaNa Adi evaM sAmAnya vizeSa samavAya ina chahoM kA antarbhAva ina do tattvoM meM ho jAtA hai| sAMkhya ke 25 tattva, bauddhoM ke cAra Arya satya, cArvAk ke cAra bhUta ina sabakA samAveza ina dvividha rAziyoM meM ho jAtA hai / ina do rAziyoM meM sArA jagat vyApta hai| jo ina do rAziyoM meM samAviSTa nahIM hotA zazazRMga kI taraha usakA astitva bhI nahIM ho sktaa| kevala cetana yA kevala jar3a kA bhI astitva vizva meM nahIM ho sktaa| ubhayarUpatA kA spaSTa pratibhAsa ho rahA hai / 'nAdvayaM vastu nApi tadvyatiriktamasti / ' jagat jaba dvirUpa hai taba usake Azrava ityAdi bheda bhI nahIM ho skeNge| yaha kathana bhI samIcIna nahIM hai / saMsAra ke kAraNa evaM mukti ke hetu kA pratipAdana ke lie una do ke prabheda kiye gye| vastutaH tattva do hI haiM / 'tattvadvayyAM nvtttvaavtaarH'| - vaizeSika darzana ke samAna jaina tattvajJAna spaSTataH bahutattvavAdI hai / jainoM ne tattvajJAna kA jo DhAMcA khar3A kiyA hai usakI aneka prasthAnoM ke sAtha sahamati ke aneka bindu mila sakate haiM kintu usakA apanA eka viziSTa vyaktitva hai| jo dUsaroM ke sAtha samAnatA ke kAraNa samApta nahIM ho jAtA / sAta yA nau tattvoM meM do tattva aise haiM jinakA tAttvika astitva hai| saMkSepataH jIva-ajIva nau padArthoM ke mUla srota haiN| nau padArtha kI vyavasthA kA uddezya AdhyAtmika hai| jIva kisa prakAra zreNI ArohaNa ke dvArA apane lakSya ko
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________________ 220 / ArhatI-dRSTi prApta kara sakatA hai| kyA baddha saMsArI jIva mukti kI dizA meM prayANa kara sakate haiM ? saMsAra meM kyoM hai, saMsAra se chuTakArA mila sakatA hai kyA? ina praznAyita jijJAsAoM ke samAdhAna svarUpa do tattvoM kA nau tattvoM meM vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| nava tattva ke mUla srota jIva aura ajIva haiM / nava padArtha kI vyavasthA kA uddezya adhyAtmaparaka hai / saMsArI jIva-baddha hotA hai, vaha ajIva se jur3A hai, ataH jIva-ajIva ye do mUla tattva haiM / bandhana zubha-azubha rUpa hotA hai, ataH zubha bandhana puNya aura azubha bandhana pApa hai ina karmoM ko AkarSita karanevAlA bhI koI hotA hai vaha Azrava hai| jIva jaba vyAkula hone lagatA hai taba vaha Ate hue karma-pravAha ko rokatA hai tathA lage hue karmoM ko tor3atA hai, yahI kramazaH saMvara nirjarA hai| jIva ke cipake hue karmabandha hai tathA jaba sAdhanA kI agni se jIva sarvathA karma mala-rahita ho jAtA hai, vahI mokSa hai| yahI unakA kramika vikAsa hai| naMva padArtha kI vyavasthA taTAka dRSTAnta se bhI samajhI jA sakatI hai| jIva tAlAba hai, ajIva atAlAba rUpa hai| puNya aura pApa tAlAba se nikalate hue pAnI ke samAna haiN| Azrava tAlAba kA nAlA hai| saMvara-nAle ko roka denA saMvara hai| . ulIcakara yA morI se pAnI ko nikAlanA nirjarA hai| tAlAba ke andara kA pAnI bandha hai| khAlI tAlAba moha hai| SaD dravya kI vyAkhyA astitvavAda hai evaM nava tattva kI vyAkhyA upayogitAvAda
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________________ vizeSAvazyakabhASya : eka paricaya [grantha evaM granthakAra] Agama Atma-darzana bhAratIya vicAra-saraNI kA mukhya kendrIya tattva hai / prAcIna yuga meM Atma-sAkSAtkAra-kartA draSTA puruSa maujUda the| samprati unake abhAva meM unakI anubhava niHsRta vANI jijJAsuoM kA mArgadarzana kara rahI hai / AtmA tathA tatsambandhita unakA cintana pravacana Aja Agama/piTaka/veda/upaniSad Adi nAmoM se vizruta haiM / jaina dharma kI yaha avadhAraNA hai ki rAga-dveSa Adi Atma-zakti avarodhaka maloM ke nAza ho jAne se AtmA kI sampUrNa zaktiyAM udghATita ho jAtI haiN| sampUrNa zakti kA vikAsa/prakAza hI sarvajJatA hai| usa sarvajJa arthAt Apta puruSa ke vacana/pravacana ko hI Agama' kahA jAtA hai / Agama ke aneka nirvacana evaM paribhASAeM upalabdha haiM jisake dvArA artha (tattvArtha) jAne jAte haiM, vaha Agama hai| adhikAMza paribhASAoM meM Apta vacana se utpanna arthajJAna ko hI Agama kahA gayA hai| Apta puruSa rAga-dveSa Adi doSoM se mukta hote haiM, ataH unake vacana hI pramANabhUta haiM, ve hI Agama haiN| pUrvApara doSarahita evaM zuddha Aptavacana ko Agama kahA jAtA hai| tIrthakara arthAgama ke kartA hote haiN| tathA unake vacanoM ko atizaya sampanna vidvAna gaNadhara zAsana ke hita ke lie sUtra meM gumphita kara lete haiN| vartamAna meM upalabdha Agama bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dezanA ke haiN| jaina-paramparA meM vartamAna meM zAstra ke lie Agama zabda vyApaka ho gayA hai| kintu prAcIna kAla meM vaha zruta yA samyak zruta ke nAma se pracalita thaa| isIse, 'zrutakevalI' zabda pracalita huaa| 'AgamakevalI yA sUtrakevalI' aisA prayoga upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / AcArya usvAti ne bhI zruta ke paryAyavAcI zabda ke rUpa meM Agama zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / unhoMne Aptavacana, Agama, upadeza, aitiha, AmnAya, pravacana aura jinavacana ko zruta ke paryAya zabda kahe haiN| inameM Aja Agama.zabda hI vizeSa rUpa se pracalita haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko gaNadharoM ne sUtra meM grathita kiyaa| ve upadeza bAraha bhAgoM meM vibhakta the| ataH unako 'dvAdazAMgI' kahA gyaa| dvAdazAMgI kA apara
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________________ 222 / ArhatI-dRSTi nAma 'gaNipiTaka' bhI hai| piTaka zabda kA prayoga bauddha-zAstroM ke lie bhI pracalita hai| isase anumAna hotA hai ki zramaNa-paramparA meM Apta puruSoM kI vANI ke saMgraha ko piTaka kahA jAtA thaa| samaya ke pravAha meM Agama kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi hotI gyii| kAlakrama ke anusAra AgamoM kA pahalA vargIkaraNa samavayAMga meM prApta hai| vahAM kevala dvAdazAMgI kA nirUpaNa huaa| dUsarA vargIkaraNa anuyoga dvAra meM milatA hai| vahAM kevala dvAdazAMgI kA nAmollekha mAtra hai| tIsarA vargIkaraNa nandI kA hai| nandI kA vargIkaraNa Agama kI sArI zAkhAoM kA nirUpaNa karane ke dhyeya se huA hai / AgamoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM aneka mata pracalita haiN| unameM tIna mukhya haiM--(1) 84 Agama, (2) 45 Agama, evaM (3) 32 Agama / zrImajjayAcArya ne 84 AgamoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| unameM 12 ke nAma nandI meM, 6 kA ullekha sthAnAMga evaM 5 kA ullekha vyavahAra-sUtra meM hai / zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sampradAya 45 Agama tathA sthAnakavAsI evaM terApaMthI sampradAyI 32 AgamoM ko svIkAra karate haiN| digambara AmnAya meM 12 aMga, 14 aMgabAhya eka samaya svIkRta the kintu unake anusAra vartamAna meM aMgajJAna sarvathA lupta ho gayA kintu zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra 12veM aMga dRSTivAda kA lopa huA hai| 11 aMga Aja bhI upalabdha haiM evaM unako mAnya haiN| Agama svIkRti kA mAnadaNDa granthoM kI saMkhyA meM vikAsa hone lgaa| taba eka prazna uThA kina granthoM ko Agama mAnA jaae| sabhI ko Agama svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / taba eka kasauTI kA nirdhAraNa huaa| gaNadhara, pratyekabuddha, zrutakevalI evaM abhinnadazapUrvI kathita vacana hI Agama kahe jA sakate haiN|" ataeva jaba dazapUrvI nahIM rahe taba Agama kI saMkhyA vRddhi bhI svataH sthagita ho gyii| yadyapi zvetAmbara-paramparA meM Agama rUpa meM mAnya kucha prakIrNaka aise bhI haiM jo usa kAla ke bAda bhI Agama meM sammilita kara lie gaye haiN| aisA kucha vizeSa sthiti meM huA hai / jainAgamoM kI saMkhyA jaba bar3hane lagI taba unakA vargIkaraNa bhI Avazyaka ho gyaa| aMgapraviSTa evaM aMgabAhya ke rUpa meM Agama kA vargIkaraNa huaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke maulika upadeza kA gaNadharakRta saMgraha aMga evaM anya ko aMgabAhya kahA gyaa| aMgapraviSTa evaM aMgabAhya Agama ke ye do bheda vaktA kI apekSA se hue haiN| apane svabhAva ke anusAra pravacana kI pratiSThA karanA hI jisakA phala hai, aise parama zubha tIrthaMkara nAma karma ke udaya se sarvajJa, sarvadazI, paramarSi arahanta bhagavAn ne jo kucha kahA tathA una vacanoM ko atizayasampanna vacanaRddhi tathA buddhi-Rddhi se paripUrNa tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ke gaNadharoM ke dvArA jinakI racanA huI ve
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________________ vizeSAvazyakabhASya : eka paricaya | 223 Agama aMgapraviSTa kahalAye tathA jina AcAryoM kI vacanazakti evaM matijJAna kI zakti parama prakRSTa evaM AgamazrutajJAna atyanta vizuddha thA, una gaNadharoM ke pazcAtavartI AcAryoM ke dvArA kAla, saMhanana, Ayu Adi doSoM se zakti alpa ho gayI hai una ziSyoM para anugraha karane ke lie jina AgamoM kI racanA kI unako aMgabAhya kahA jAtA hai|" AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga Adi 12 aMga haiM / avaziSTa aMgabAhya khlaaye| Age calakara aMgabAhya hI upAMga, prakIrNaka, chedasUtra, mUlasUtra Adi meM vibhakta ho gye| upAMgoM kI saMkhyA bhI 12 hai / 11 aMga svataH pramANa haiM, bAkI AgamoM kA prAmANya parataH hai| Avazyaka sUtra kA mahattva : Agama zRMkhalA meM Avazyaka sUtra kA ativiziSTa sthAna hai / nandI sUtra meM aMgabAhya kA vibhAga Avazyaka evaM Avazyaka-vyatirikta ke AdhAra para haA hai|" isa vibhAga se hI Avazyaka kA mahattva svataH jJAta ho jAtA hai| vahIM Avazyaka ke 6 vibhAga batalAe haiM--sAmAyika, caturvizati, vandanA, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga evaM pratyAkhyAna / AgamoM ke adhyayana kA bhI krama thaa| paThanakrama meM sarvaprathama Avazyaka sUtra tadanantara dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana Adi par3he jAte the| adhyayana-krama vyavasthA meM Avazyaka ko sarvocca sthAna prApta hai| Avazyaka arthAt avshykrnniiy| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM Avazyaka ke daza paryAyavAcI zabda upalabdha hote haiN| zramaNa anya Agama par3he yA na par3he kintu Avazyaka to anivArya rUpa se pratidina do bAra karaNIya hai| Avazyaka sUtra aMgAgama jitanA to prAcIna hai / jaina nirgranthoM ke lie pratidina karaNIya Avazyaka kriyA sambandhI pATha isameM hai / Avazyaka ke chahoM adhyayanoM ke nAma dhavalA meM aMgabAhya meM parigaNita kiye haiM / isa ullekha se bhI Avazyaka sUtra kI prAcInatA svataH siddha hai| Avazyaka kriyA kI mahattA adhyAtma-sAdhanA ke kSetra meM sAdhaka ke lie kucha sAdhanA nitya-prati avazya karaNIya hotI hai| hara dharma darzana meM vaisI kriyAoM kA ullekha evaM pracalana prApta hai| vaidika samAja meM saMdhyA kA, pArasI logoM meM khora-deha-avastA' kA, yahUdI evaM IsAiyoM meM prArthanA kA aura musalamAnoM meM namAja kA jaisA mahattva hai jaina samAja meM vaisA hI mahattva Avazyaka kA hai| jaina samAja kI digambara evaM zvetAmbara bheda se do mukhya dhArAeM haiN| Avazyaka kriyA kA karane kA pracalana zvetAmbara samAja meM hai, vaisA digambara paramparA meM nahIM hai|
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________________ 224 / ArhatI-dRSTi digambaroM meM jo pratimAdhArI evaM brahmadhArI Adi hote haiM, unameM bhI mukhyatayA sAmAyika karane kA pracalana dRSTigocara hotA hai / zvetAmbara-paramparA meM kramazaH sAmAyika Adi chahoM Avazyaka karane kI prAcIna vidhi kA Aja bhI bahuta adhika pracalana hai / daivasika, rAtrika, pAkSika, cAturmAsika evaM sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa karane kA vidhAna zvetAmbaraparamparA meM hai / zrAvaka evaM sAdhu donoM ke lie hI Avazyaka kriyA kA vidhAna hai|" kintu sAdhu ko to pratidina subaha-zAma anivArya rUpa se Avazyaka karanA hotA hai| prathama evaM antima tIrthaMkara ke sAdhuoM ke lie pratidina pratikramaNa karane kA vidhAna hai, anya ke lie vikalpa hai|" vartamAna meM Avazyaka zabda ke sthAna para chahoM AvazyakoM ke lie hI pratikramaNa zabda rUr3ha ho gayA hai / Avazyaka zabda kA bahuta kama prayoga hotA hai / pratikramaNa zabda hI bahupracalita hai| pratikramaNa hetu garbha, pratikramaNa-vidhi Adi arvAcIna granthoM meM Avazyaka ke lie pratikramaNa zabda kA prayoga hI upalabdha hai / pramAdavaza zubhayoga se girakara azubhayoga ko prApta karane ke bAda punaH zubha yoga ko prApta karanA pratikramaNa hai|"ashubh yoga ko chor3akara uttarottara zubha yoga meM vartana karanA bhI pratikramaNa hai|" - Avazyaka sUtra nitya prati karane kI kriyA hai ataH usameM jJAnavRddhi evaM dhyAna vRddhi ke lie samaya-samaya para upayogI pATha jur3ate rahe, ataH prAcIna Avazyaka ke pAThoM kA nirdhAraNa TIkA ke AdhAra para hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| Avazyaka sUtra para vizAla vyAkhyA sAhitya likhA gayA hai| sabase adhika TIkAeM kalpasUtra evaM Avazyaka sUtra para hI likhI gayI haiM / Avazyaka sUtra para likhita vyAkhyA sAhitya kA saMkSepa dizA darzanaAvazyaka 'caityavandana lalitavistara 'paMjikA 'TabA (deva kuzala) prAntIya bhASA meM Abaddha ko TabA kahA jAtA hai| vRtti (taruNaprabha) avacUri (kulamaNDana) bAlAvabodha . niyukti pIThikA bAlAvabodha vizeSAvazyakabhASya
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________________ vizeSAvazyakabhASya : eka paricaya | 225. vRtti (koTyAcArya) vRtti (hemacandra) Adi vipula mAtrA meM vyAkhyA sAhitya Avazyaka sUtra kA upalabdha Agama-vyAkhyA sAhitya Agama sUtrAtmaka zailI meM gumphita hai| sUtra kA gUDhArtha sahajatA se upalabdha honA duruha hai / vyAkhyA sAhitya ke dvArA sUtra kI durUhatA alpa ho jAtI hai / mUla grantha ke rahasya kA udghATana karane ke lie usa para vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya kA nirmANa karanA bhAratIya granthakAroM kI bahuta prAcIna paramparA rahI hai| jaina vidvAnoM ne bhI Agama kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya pracura mAtrA meM likhA hai / prAcInatama jaina Agamika vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya ko pAMca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai- (1) niyukti, (2) bhASya, (3) cUrNiM (4) saMskRta TIkA, (5) loka bhASA meM racita vyAkhyA (ttbbaa)| niyuktiyoM aura bhASya jaina AgamoM kI padyabaddha vyAkhyAeM haiN| ye donoM prAkRta bhASA meM likhita haiM / niyuktiyAM sAMketika bhASA meM nibaddha haiN| pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karanA inakA mukhya prayojana hai / sUtra meM niyukta artha kI suvyavasthita vyAkhyA karanevAlA granthaM niyukti kahalAtA hai| niyukti ke prayojana ko spaSTa karate hue kahA ki saba vyakti sUtra meM niyukta artha ko vyAkhyA ke binA samajha nahIM sakate, ataH sUtroM para niyukti rUpa vyAkhyA Avazyaka hai| Agama ke vyAkhyA granthoM meM niyukti ke bAda bhASya kA krama AtA hai| niyukti kI apekSA bhASya artha ko adhika spaSTatA se prastuta karate haiN| niyukti ke pAribhASika zabdoM meM gumphita arthabAhulya ke prakAzanArtha bhASyoM kI racanA huI / niyuktiyoM kI vyAkhyAna zailI nikSepa paddhati ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| isa paddhati meM kisI pada ke sambhAvita aneka artha karane ke bAda unameM se aprastuta artha kA niSedha karake prastuta artha kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| jainanyAya-zAstra meM isa paddhati kA bahuta mahattva hai / Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana Adi 10 AgamoM para niyuktiyA~ likhI gayI hai / upalabdha niyuktiyoM ke kartA AcArya bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) mAne jAte haiM jo chedasUtrakAra bhadrabAhu se bhinna haiM / niyukti ke pazcAt bhASya sAhitya kA krama AtA hai| bhASya Agama vyAkhyA sAhitya meM bhASya kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / prAkRta bhASA meM padyabaddha . zailI meM racita bhASya sAhitya niyuktiyoM ke pAribhASika zabdoM meM chipe hue arthabAhulya
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________________ 226 / ArhatI-dRSTi ko prakaTa karate haiN| sUtra vivaraNa kA vizada rUpa se vyAkhyAna karanevAle grantha ko bhASya/vArtika kahate haiN| vArtikabhASya kA hI paryAya zabda hai| bharata muni ne bhASya ko paribhASita karate hue kahA--sUtrAnusArI padoM ke dvArA jisameM sUtra ke artha evaM svanirmita padoM kA bhI vivecana hotA hai usako bhASya kahA jAtA hai| kucha bhASya niyuktiyoM para tathA kucha mUla sUtroM para racita hai| Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika Adi sUtra tathA piNDaniyukti Adi para bhASya likhe gaye haiN| Avazyaka sUtra para tIna bhASya likhe gaye haiN| vizeSAvazyakabhASya Avazyaka sUtra ke prathama sAmAyika adhyayana para likhA gayA hai| isameM 3603 gAthAeM haiN| dazavaikAlika bhASya meM 63, uttarAdhyayana bhASya meM 45, paMcakalpa mahAbhASya meM 2574, vyavahAra bhASya meM 4626, nizitha meM 6500, jItakalpa bhASya meM 2606 gAthAeM haiM / kucha bhASya bahuta choTe haiN| jaise dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, piNDaniyuktibhASya aadi| kucha vizAla haiM jaise--vyavahArabhASya, bRhatkalpa, vizeSAvazyakabhASya Adi / vizeSAvazyaka bhASya __ bhASya-paramparA meM Avazyaka sUtra ke prathama sAmAyika adhyayana para racita vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / vizeSAvazyaka eka aisA grantha hai jisameM jaina AgamoM meM varNita prAyaH sabhI mahattvapUrNa viSaya kI carcA upalabdha hai| jaina jJAnavAda pramANavAda,AcAranIti, syAdvAda, nayavAda, karma-siddhAnta Adi sabhI viSayoM se sambandhita sAmagrI kI samapalabdhi isa grantha meM sahaja hI ho jAtI hai| isa grantha kI eka bahata bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM jaina tattva kA nirUpaNa itara dArzanika mAnyatAoM kI tulanA ke sAtha huA hai / AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne AgamoM kI sabhI prakAra kI mAnyatAoM kA jaisA tarka purassara nirUpaNa isa grantha meM kiyA hai, vaisA anyatra dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / yahI kAraNa hai ki jainAgamoM ke tAtparya ko ThIka taraha se samajhane ke lie vizeSAvazyakabhASya eka atyanta upayogI grantha hai| AcArya jinabhadra ke uttaravartI jainAcAryoM ne vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI sAmagrI evaM tarka paddhati kA udAratApUrvaka upayoga kiyA hai| unake bAda likhA gayA Agama kI vyAkhyA karanevAlA sambhavataH eka bhI aisA mahattvapUrNa grantha nahIM hai jisameM vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kA AdhAra na liyA ho| vizeSAvazyakabhASya tIna hajAra chaha sau tIna (3603) gAthAoM meM gumphita eka mahAn AkAra grantha hai| isameM Agamika, saiddhAntika, dArzanika, sAMskRtika aura vaijJAnika tathyoM kA bar3I sUkSmatA se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| vizAla-jJAna rAzi ke saMvAhaka 'pUrvo' ke avazeSa bhI isameM samupalabdha hote haiN| aneka pAramparika mAnyatA
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________________ - vizeSAvazyakabhASya : eka paricaya / 220. bhedoM kA bhI isameM Akalana huA hai| isameM pada-pada para jJAna ratnoM kI jyotiyAM jala rahI haiN| . vizeSAvazyaka meM Avazyaka ke prathama adhyayana sAmAyika se sambandhita niyukti gAthAoM kA vyAkhyAna hai| ataH isa bhASya kA apara nAma sAmAyikabhASya bhI hai|" isa vyAkhyAna meM maMgalarUpa jJAnapaMcaka, nirukta, nikSepa, anugama, naya, sAmAyika kI prApti, sAmAyika ke bAdhaka kAraNa cAritra lAbha, pravacana sUtra, anuyoga, sAmAyika kI utpatti, gaNadharavAda, anuyogoM kA pRthakkaraNa, nihnavavAda Adi vibhinna viSayoM kA vistAra se kathana hai / jJAna-paMcaka ke prakaraNa meM Abhinibodhika, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyava aura kevalajJAna, cakSu aura mana kI aprApyakAritA zruta-nizrita matijJAna ke 336 bheda, bhASA kA svarUpa, zruta ke caudaha prakAra Adi kA bhI vizada vivecana prApta hai / cAritra rUpa sAmAyika kI prApti kA vicAra karate hue bhASyakAra ne karma kI paddhati, sthiti, samyaktva prApti Adi kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA hai| cAritra prApti ke kAraNoM para prakAza DAlate hue kSamAzramaNajI ne sAmAyika, chedopasthApanA Adi paMca cAritra kI vyAkhyA kI hai| sAmAyikacAritra kA uddeza, nirdeza, nirgama, kSetra, kAla, puruSa Adi 26 dvAroM se varNana kiyA hai| sAmAyika ke tRtIya dvAra nirgama kI vyAkhyA karate hue bhASyakAra ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ekAdaza gaNadharoM kA vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai / AtmA kI svatantra sattA siddhi ke lie adhiSThAtRtva, - saMghAtaparArthatva Adi aneka hetu diye haiM / ekAtmavAda kA nirAkaraNa karake anekAtmavAda kI prarUpaNA bhASya meM hai| AtmA ke svadeha parimANatva ke sAtha hI jIva kA nityAnitya bhI AcArya ne siddha kiyA hai| vijJAna bhUtadharma na hokara Atmatattva kA dharma hai| bhASya meM karma-mImAMsA bhI vizAlatA se huI haiN| dvitIya gaNadhara agnibhUti ke saMzaya kA nirAkaraNa karate samaya karma ke astitva siddhi meM aneka hetu diye gaye haiN| karma ke paudagalikatva ko siddha karate hae karma aura AtmA ke sambandha para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| AtmA aura deha kI bheda siddhi meM cArvAk sammata bhUtavAda kA nirAsa kiyA gayA hai| maNDita ke saMzaya kA nivAraNa karane ke lie vividha hetuoM se bandha aura mokSa kI siddhi kI gayI hai| sAmAyika gyArahaveM samavatAra dvAra kA vyAkhyAna karake bhASyakAra ne dravyAnuyoga, caraNakaraNAnuyoga Adi anuyogoM ke pRthakkaraNa kI / carcA kI hai| niyuktikAra nirdiSTa sAta nihnavoM meM zivabhUti boTika nAmaka eka nihava / ko aura milAkara bhASyakAra ne ATha nihavoM kI mAnyatAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| nihnavavAda ke bAda sAmAyika ke anumata Adi zeSa dvAroM kA varNana karate hue bhASyakAra
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________________ 228 / ArhatI-dRSTi ne sUtra sparziniyukti kA vivecana namaskAra kI utpatti, nikSepa, pada Adi 11 dvAroM se kiyA hai| isa prastuta bhASya meM jaina AcAra-vicAra ke mUlabhUta samasta tattvoM kA suvyavasthita evaM suprarUpita saMgraha huA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya AgamAnusArI tArkika grantha hai / bhASyakAra ne maMgalAcaraNa svarUpa prathama kArikA meM hI apanI AgamapratibaddhatA guruvaesANusAreNaM' zabda prayoga se spaSTa kara dI hai| ata: apane pUrvavartI AcAryoM ne yadi Agama nirapekSa mAtra tarka ke dvArA tattva nirUpaNa kA prayala kiyA hai to bhASyakAra ne usa mata kI samIkSA kI hai| yathA-AcArya siddhasena divAkara kevalajJAna evaM kevala darzana ko yugapad mAnate haiN| jinabhadragaNi kSamAkSamaNa ne Agamika mAnyatA kA AdhAra dekara jJAna, darzana ke yugapat siddhAnta kA pratikSepa kiyA hai|" ___ dArzanika jagat kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna bhI hameM bhASya meM upalabdha hotA hai |prmaann jagat meM anya dArzanika indriya jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnate the| jaina kA Agamika dRSTikoNa usako parokSa mAnane kA hai / yadyapi nandI sUtra meM jJAna ko pratyakSa evaM parokSa meM vibhakta kiyA hai tathA pratyakSa ko bhI indriya pratyakSa noindriya pratyakSa ke rUpa meM dvividha svIkAra kiyA hai| kintu indriya pratyakSa ke lie jinabhadragaNi ne 'saMvyavahAra' pratyakSa zabda kA prayoga sabase pahale kiyaa| isase pUrva kisI bhI dArzanika, tArkika AcArya ne yaha prayoga nahIM kiyaa| jinabhadgaNI ke bAda to "saMvyavahAra' zabda itanA bahupracalita ho gayA ki uttaravartI sabhI tArkika AcAryoM ne ekasvara se indriya pratyakSa ke sthAna para 'sAMvyAvahArika' pratyakSa kA prayoga kiyA hai aura pramANa jagat meM yaha bahuAdRta ___bhASya meM tattva kI gambhIratA ke sAtha pratipAdana kI sarasatA bhI parilakSita hotI hai| granthakAra ne gahana viSaya ko bhI apane prAMjala pratipAdana vaiziSTya ke kAraNa jana-bhogya banA diyA hai| aneka prakAra ke surucipUrNa dRSTAntoM se gambhIra tattva kA prarUpaNabhASya meM huA hai| Avazyaka sUtra kA AcaraNa karanA ucita hai| isa tathya ko pratipAdita karate hue yogadvAra meM kahA gayA jisa prakAra vaidya bAlaka Adi ke lie yathocita AhAra kI sammati detA hai, usI prakAra mokSamArgAbhilASIbhavya ke lie prArambha meM Avazyaka kA AcaraNa karanA upayukta hai| isa bhASya kI mahattA ko prakaTa karate hue anta meM bhASyakAra likhate haiM-isa sAmAyika bhASya ke zravaNa, adhyayana, manana se buddhi parimArjita ho jAtI hai| ziSyaM meM zAstrAnuyoga ko grahaNa karane kI kSamatA prApta ho jAtI hai| vizAlakAyabhASya sAhitya meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA sthAna atyanta
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________________ vizeSAvazyakabhASya : eka paricaya | 229 zraddhAspada evaM mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha jaina AgamoM ke bahuvidha viSayoM kA pratinidhi grantha hai| isa grantha meM jinabhadragaNi kI apUrva tarkaNA evaM vyAkhyA zakti ke darzana hote haiN| sAhityika evaM sAMskRtika sandarbha ke tathya bhI vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM upalabdha hai| ina viSayoM kA bhI gambhIra adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhASyakAra ne apane vyAkhyAna-krama meM aneka dRSTAntoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| una dRSTAntoM ke vivecana se tatkAlIna sAMskRtika, sAmAjika mUlyoM kA parizIlana bhI sugamatA se ho sakatA hai| vyAkaraNa sambandhI mahattvapUrNa prayoga isameM upalabdha haiM / unakA bhI Alor3ana kiyA jA sakatA hai / eka hI zabda ke vyAkaraNa prayoga se aneka artha kiye haiN| jaise Abhinibodha jJAna kI carcA / " bhASyakAra jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa tattva ratna rAzi ke mahAsamudra rUpa vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ke avalokana ke sAtha hI isake kartApuruSa ke prati zraddhApraNati svataH abhivyaMjita hone lagatI hai| usa divya puruSa se paricaya kI AkAMkSA udbhUta hotI hai / usI AkAMkSA ke samAdhAna Aloka meM unake jIvana darzana ke saMkSipta tathya upalabdha hote haiN| jinabhadragaNi-kSamAzramaNa Agama-pradhAna AcArya the| ve jJAna ke sAgara, kazalavAgmI evaM AgamavANI ke prati agAdha zraddhAzIla the| AcArya jinabhadra ne Agama ko prathama sthAna diyaa| Agama kA avalambana lekara hI unhoMne yukta aura ayukta kA cintana kiyA hai|" itihAsa ke pRSThoM para Agama paramparA ke poSaka AcAryoM meM AcArya jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa kA nAma agraNI sthAna para hai| ___ AcArya jinabhadra kA apane mahattvapUrNa granthoM ke kAraNa jaina-paramparA ke itihAsa. meM viziSTa sthAna hai| aisA hote hue bhI jaina granthoM meM unake jIvana sambandhI sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM hai| unake janma aura ziSyatva ke viSaya meM paraspara virodhI ullekha milate haiN| AcArya jinabhadraM kRta vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI prati zaka saMvat 531 meM likhI gaI tathA valabhI ke eka jaina mandira meM samarpita kI gii| isa ghaTanA se pratIta hotA hai AcArya jinabhadra kA valabhi se koI sambandha avazya honA caahie| ki AcArya jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa ne mathurA meM deva-nirmita stUpa ke deva kI ArAdhanA eka pakSa kI tapasyA dvArA kI aura dImaka dvArA khAe hue mahAnizItha sUtra kA uddhAra kiyaa| isase unakA sambandha mathurA se bhI sthApita hotA hai| DaoN. umAkAnta premAnandazAha ne aMkoTTaka(AkoTA) gAMva se prApta huI do pratimAoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha kiyA hai ki ye pratimAeM I. san 550 se 600 taka ke kAla
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________________ 230 / AItI-dRSTi kI haiN| unhoMne yaha bhI likhA hai ki ina pratimAoM ke lekhoM meM jina jinabhadra AcArya : kA nAma hai ve vizeSAvazyaka ke kartA kSamAzramaNa jinabhadra hI haiN| unakI vAcanA ke anusAra eka mUrti ke padmAsana ke pichale bhAga meM 'OM devadharmoyaM nivRtikule jinabhadravAcanAcAryasya' tathA dUsarI mUrti ke bhAmaNDala meM 'OM nivRtikule jinabhadra vAcanAcAryasya aisA lekha hai|" ina lekhoM se phalita hotA hai ki sambhavataH jinabhadra : jI ne ina pratimA ko pratiSThita kiyA hogA tathA unake kula kA nAma nivRti kula thaa| unheM vAcanAcArya bhI kahA jAtA thaa| yadyapi jinabhadragaNI kI prasiddhi kSamAzramaNa se hai kintu vidvAnoM ne vAcaka, vAdI, vAcanAcArya, kSamAzramaNa Adi ko ekArthaka mAnA hai| vAcanAcArya evaM kSamAzramaNa zabda vAstava meM eka hI artha ke sUcaka haiM / prastuta pratimA lekha ke AdhAra para kSamAzramaNa nivRti kula ke siddha hote haiN| unake guru evaM guru-paramparA ke nAmoM kI sUcI prApta nahIM hai| navAMgavRtti saMzodhaka doSAcArya, sUrAcArya, garSi, durgarSi, upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA racanAkAra siddharSi jaise prabhAvazAlI AcArya isa nivRtti kula meM hue haiM / nivRti kula kA sambandha AcArya vajrasena ke ziSya nivRti se thA, ataH kSamAzramaNa jI Arya suhastI kI paramparA meM honevAlA vajrasena zAkhIya sambhava hai| ___ina tathyoM ke atirikta unake jIvana se sambandhita anya srota upalabdha nahIM hai . jinase unake jIvana para aura adhika prakAza DAlA jA sake / kintu unake uttaravartI AcAryoM ne unakI pratibhA kA vaiziSTya svIkAra karate hue unake guNoM kA varNana kiyA hai, ve upalabdha hai / jitakalpacUrNi ke kartA siddhasenagaNI ne apanI cUrNi ke prArambha meM / chaha gAthAoM dvArA bhAvapUrNa zabdoM meM unakI prazaMsA kI hai--'jo anuyogadhara, yugapradhAna, sarvazruti aura zAstra meM kuzala tathA darzanajJAnopayoga ke mArgarakSaka haiM / suvAsa se AkRSTa bhramara jaise kamaloM kI upAsanA karatA hai usI prakAra jJAna makaranda ke pipAsu muni jinabhadragaNI ke mukha se niHsRta jJAnAmRta kA pAna karane ke lie utsuka rahate haiM" aadi-aadi| muni candrasUri ne jinavANI ke prati agAdha niSThAzIla jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ko jinamudrA ke samAna mAnA hai| vAkyai vizeSAtizayai vizvasandehahAribhIH / jinabhadraM jinabhadraM kiM kSamAzramaNaM stuvaM / / jinabhadragaNI Agama ke advitIya vyAkhyAtA the / AcArya hemacandra ne upajinabhadrakSamAzramaNaM vyAkhyAtAraH" kahakara jinabhadragaNI ke prati Adara-bhAva prakaTa kiyA hai|
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________________ vizeSAvazyakabhASya : eka paricaya | 231 uttaravartI AcAryoM meM bhI AcArya jinabhadra kA bahumAnapUrvaka nAmollekha kiyA hai| inake lie bhASya sudhAmbhodhi, bhASya pIyUSapAthodhi, dalitakuvAdipravAda Adi vizeSaNoM kA prayoga karake ucca koTi ke bhASyakAra ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ke atirikta bhI jinabhadragaNI ne anya granthoM kI racanA kI hai, jo nimna hai(1) vizeSAvazyakabhASya svopajJa vRtti (apUrNa), (2) vRhatsaMgrahiNI, (3) vRhat kSetra samAsa, (4) vizeSaNavatI, (5) jItakalpa, (6) jItakalpa bhASya, (7) anuyogadvAra cUrNi, tathA (8) dhyAna-zataka / ina granthoM meM anuyogadvAra cUrNi gadyAtmaka hai tathA zeSa racanAeM padyAtmaka haiN| vizeSAvazyakabhASya vRtti saMskRta meM hai tathA avaziSTa racanAeM prAkRta meM nibaddha haiM / dhyAna zataka ke kartA kSamAzramaNa jI ko mAnane meM vidvAn saMzayAspada haiN| sAhityika kSetra meM jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa kA vizeSa anudAna bhASya sAhitya hai| unake vartamAna meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya evaM jItakalpabhASya upalabdha hai| jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa Agama vANI ke mUrta rUpa the| jinabhadragaNI ke kAla kA nizcaya kucha tathyoM ke AdhAra para kiyA jA sakatA hai| unake granthoM meM siddhasena, pUjyapAda Adi ke matoM kA ullekha hai, para vi. saM. 650 ke bAda honevAle AcAryoM ke matoM kA ullekha aba taka prApta nahIM haA hai| jinadAsa kI vi. saM. 733 meM banI nandI carNi meM jinabhadra ke vizeSAvazyaka kA ullekha hai| ina binduoM evaM anya upalabdha ullekhoM ke AdhAra para Adhunika zodha vidvAnoM ne vi. saM. 545 se 650 taka unakA anumAnita samaya nirdhAraNa kiyA hai| sandarbha 1. NajjaMti atthA jeNa so aagmo| Ava. cU. , pR. 36, ..2. attassa vA vayaNaM aagmo| anu. cU. , pR. 16, 3. atthaM bhAsai arahA suttaM gaMthaMti gaNaharA niunnN| sAsaNassa hiyaTThAe tao suttaM pavattai // Ava. niyukti, gA. 92, 4. nandI, sUtra 65 ___5. zrutamAptavacanamAgamaupadeza aitihamAmnAyaH pravacanaM jinvcnmitynaantrm| tattvA , bhA. 1/20, __.. Agamo siddhanto pavayaNamidi eyttttho| dhavalA 1/1, 1, 1/20/7, 6. duvAlasaMge gnnipiNddge| nandI, sU. 66,
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________________ 232 / ArhatI-dRSTi 7. samavAyAMga, sU. 2 8. anuyoga dvAra, sU. 50 9. nandI, sU. 73-80 10. bhagavatI kI jodd'| 11. suttaM gaNaharakahidaM taheva patteyabuddhakahidaM c| ___ sudakevaliNAkahidaM abhiNNadasapUvvakahidaM ca // . mUlAcAra, 5.80, 12. nandI, sU. 73 13. tattvArtha bhA. 1/20 14. tattvArtha bhA. 1/20 15. nandI, sU. 74, ThANaM 2/105 16. nandI, sU. 75 17. avazyaM kartavyamAvazyakam, sAmAyikAdi ruupm| vi. bhA. TI, pR. 1 / 18. avassayaM avassakaraNijjaM dhuva miggaho visohI y| ajjhayaNachakka vaggo nAo ArahaNA maggo // anuyogadvAra 24, - 19. samaNeNa sAvaeNa ya, avassakAyavvayaM havai jmhaa| anto ahonisassa u tamhA AvassayaM nAma // anuyoga dvA. 28, 20. sapaDikkamaNo dhammo, purimassa ya pacchimassa ya jinnss| majjhimayANa jiNANaM kAraNajAe pddikkmnnN|| A ni. 1244, 21. svasthAnAdaparasthAnaM pramAdasya vshaadgtH| tatraiva kramaNaM bhUya: pratikramaNamucyate // 22. prativartanaM vA zubheSu yogeSu mokSaphaladeSu / . niHzalyasya yateryat tadvA jJeyaM pratikramaNam // Avazyaka sUtra, pR. 553, 23. jaina sAhitya kA vRhat itihAsa, prastAvanA, pR. 50, 24. nijjuttA te atthA jaM baddhA teNa hoi nijjuttii| Ava. ni. 88, . 25. sutte nijjuttANaM nijjuttIe puNo kimatthANa? nijjutte vi na savve koi avakkhANie muNai // vi. bhA. 1087-88, 26. vRtteH sUtravivaraNasya vyAkhyAnaM bhASyaM vaartikmucyte| _ vibhA. vR. gA. 1422, 27. sUtrAthoM varNyantai yatra padaiH suutraanusaaribhiH| svapadAni ca varNyante bhASyaM bhASyavido viduH // bharatamuni,
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________________ vizeSAvazyakabhASya : eka paricaya / 233 28. buddhidiDhe atthe je bhAsai taM suyaM maIsahiyaM / . iyarattha vi hojja suyaM uvaladdhisamaM jai bhaNejjA // vi. bhA. gA. 128, 29. vi. bhA. gA. 3096 30. vi. bhA. TI, pR. 1 31.savvANuogamUlaM bhAsaM sAmAiassa souNa.. vi. bhA. gA. 3603, 32. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA 975 33. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA. 1549 se 1603 34. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA. 1610 se 1640 35. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA. 2606 . 36. nANammi daMsaNammi ya etto egayarayammi uvutto| savvassa kevalissa jugavaM do natthi uvaogA // - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gA. 3096, 37. nandI sUtra 4 38. iMdiyamaNobhavaM jaM taM saMvavahArapaccakkhaM vi. bhA. gA.95 39. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA. 4 . 40. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA. 3603 41. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA. 81 42. mottUNa heuvAyaM AgamamettAvalaMbiNo houM / ... sammamaNuciMtaNijjaM kiM juttamajuttameyati // vizeSaNavatI, 43. sandarbha sthala, vividha tIrthakalpa, pR. 19 / 44. jaina satya prakAza, aMka 196 45. jItakalpacUrNi, gA. 5-10 46. zabdanuzAsana, sU. 39
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________________ jJAnasvarUpa vimarza mAnava-saMskRti jJAna kI upAsaka rahI hai| draSTA puruSoM ne jJAna-samprApti ke lie apane Apako sarvAtmanA samarpita kara diyaa| jJAna ke prati samarpaNa bhAva ne aneka ajJAtaM rahasyoM kA udghATana kiyaa| tattva cintana kA AdhAra jJAna-mImAMsA hI rhii| tattva-mImAMsA evaM jJAna-mImAMsA donoM eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM / jJAna-siddhAnta ne sarvadA tattva-mImAMsA kA anugamana kiyA hai| vaha usakA aMga banakara rahA hai| vastutaH tattva-mImAMsA kA adhyayana jJAna-siddhAnta ke abhAva meM apUrNa hai / tattva-mImAMsA se jJAna-mImAMsA ko viyukta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jJAna-mImAMsA tattva-mImAMsA kA Avazyaka aMga hai / yathArtha jJAna ke dvArA hI hama sat ke svarUpa kA nirNaya kara sakate ... jJAna-mImAMsA kevala dArzanika jJAna kA hI nahIM varan samasta jJAna mAtra kA AdhAra hai / jJAna ke sambandha meM upasthita honevAle vibhinna praznoM kI mImAMsA karanA jJAna-mImAMsA kA uddezya hai| jJAna-mImAMsA ke bahucarcita viSaya haiM-jJAtA kA jJeya se kyA sambandha hai ? jJAna kI sImAeM kyA haiM ? jJAna ke srota kyA haiM? hama kaise jAna sakate haiM ki hamArA jJAna vastu kA yathArtha jJAna hai? kyA jJAtA kA jJAna sambhava hai? jJAna kyA hai? ina vibhinna praznoM se jJAna-mImAMsA kA viSaya-kSetra spaSTa ho sakatA hai| jJAna-mImAMsA kI viSaya sAmagrI-jJAna kI prakriyA, usake srota, Alambana, lakSaNa, . prAmANikatA, ayathArthatA Adi haiN| inakA vivecana hI jJAna-mImAMsA hai| ____bhAratIya darzana mokSavAdI hai| usakI sArI pravRtti-nivRtti kA kendrabindu bandhana-mukti kI avadhAraNA hai| jJAna-svarUpa-cintana meM bhI hameM isa avadhAraNA kA darzana hotA hai / mokSa tattva meM saMlagna dhI/buddhi jJAna hai aura zilpa zAstra meM pravaNa buddhi vijJAna hai| cetana aura acetana ke anyatva kA vijJAna hI jJAna kahalAtA hai|' yogazAstra meM jJAna ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA--buddhi.mana, indriyAM evaM vyApI AtmA kA ekatva hI sarvotkRSTa jJAna hai| yogazAstra meM isa jJAna ko hI mokSa dharma kahA gayA haiN| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM jJAna kI avadhAraNA kA svarUpa mokSa prApti kI ora le jAne ke rUpa meM hI rahA hai| jJAnavAdI cintakoM ne to yahAM taka kahA-'Rte
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________________ jJAnasvarUpa vimarza / 235 jJAnAnna muktiH' / jJAna nahIM to mukti bhI nahIM ho sakatI / gItA kahatI hai--'nahi jJAnena sadRzaM pavitramiha vidyte|" jJAna ke samAna isa saMsAra meM anya kucha bhI pavitra nahIM hai| jJAnayoga ke vivecana ke sandarbha meM gItA meM jJAna para vistRta carcA upalabdha hotI hai| vahAM para jJAnayajJa ko hI parama tapa kahA gayA hai| gItA meM sAttvika, rAjasa evaM tAmasa ke bhedoM se jJAna ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| pRthak-pRthak sarvabhUtoM meM jisake dvArA avibhakta eka evaM avyaya sattA dekhI jAtI hai, vaha sAtvika jJAna hai| jo jJAna sarvabhUtoM meM pRthagbhUta nAnA bhAvoM ko pRthak rUpa meM jAnatA hai, vaha jJAna rAjasa kahalAtA hai| jo deha, pratimA Adi eka kArya meM paripUrNa kI taraha Asakta hotA hai| yahI AtmA hai, yahI Izvara hai| aisA abhiniveza yukta jJAna ayathArtha, tuccha hai| usI ko tAmasa jJAna kahA jAtA hai| bhAratIya darzana ne AtmajJAna ko mukhya mAnA hai| AtmajJAna ke abhAva meM anya jJAna saMsAra-paribhramaNa ke hI hetu banate haiN| AtmajJAna kaise utpanna hotA hai, usakA varNana karate hue viSNu purANa meM kahA gayAvairAgya se jJAna utpanna hotA hai| jJAna ke phala kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA--vairAgya se jJAna utpanna hotA hai / jJAna se yoga pravartita hotA hai| yogajJa patita ho jAne para bhI mukta ho jAtA hai isameM koI saMzaya nahIM hai| vAyupurANa meM jJAna kI vivecanA meM kahA gayA-jJAna prakRSTa, ajanya, anavachinna evaM sarvasAdhaka hai / jJAna uttama, satya, ananta evaM brahma hai|"jnyaan netra ko grahaNa karake jIva niSkala, nirmala, zAnta ho jAtA hai| taba use yaha smRti ho jAtI hai ki maiM hI brahma huuN|"brhmsvruup meM pratiSThA jJAna ke dvArA hI ho sakatI hai| mokSa kA ekamAtra kAraNa jJAna hI hai| jJAna kA prAmukhya adhyAtma-mImAMsA, tattva-mImAMsA Adi meM sarvatra. dRSTigocara hotA hai| jaina darzana meM bhI jJAna ko mokSa mArga ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gyaa| AcAra-mImAMsA meM kahA hai ki prathama jJAna evaM usake bAda ahiMsA Adi kA AcaraNa hotA hai| AtmA aura jJAna meM abhinnatA bhI jaina darzana meM svIkAra kI gaI hai| jo AtmA hai, vaha vijJAtA hai| jo vijJAtA hai, vahI AtmA hai|5 uparyukta vivecanA pramukha rUpa se Atmadarzana ke sandarbha meM huI hai| jJAna kI svarUpa mImAMsA tattva-darzana ke sandarbha meM bhI huI hai aura dArzanika yuga meM to jJAna ke tattvadarzanIya svarUpa kA hI vistAra huA hai| vartamAna meM jJAna-mImAMsA ke kSetra meM isI jJAna para vicAra-vimarza kiyA jAtA hai| jJAna, saMvedana, adhigama, cetana bhAvaM, vidyA-ye paraspara ekArthaka zabda haiN| ina zabdoM ke dvArA jJAna ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa
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________________ 236 / ArhatI-dRSTi huA hai| nandI cUrNi meM jJAna kI vyutpattiparaka paribhASA upalabdha hotI hai| jisake dvArA jAnA jAtA hai, vaha jJAna hai| yaha paribhASA karaNa sAdhana ke AdhAra para hai| adhikaraNa sAdhana ke dvArA jJAna ko pAribhASita karate hue kahA gayA jisameM jAnatA hai vaha jJAna hai|" bhAva sAdhana meM jAnane mAtra ko jJAna kahA gayA hai| karaNa sAdhana kI spaSTatA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki kSAyopazamika evaM kSAyika bhAva ke dvArA jIvAdi padArthoM ko jAnanA jJAna hai|" jJAna kI ye paribhASAeM. vastujagat ke sAtha sambandha kI dyotaka haiN| pAzcAtya paramparA __ pAzcAtya darzana meM jJAna-mImAMsA darzana kI mukhya zAkhA ke rUpa meM vikasita huI hai| isameM jJAna para bahuvidha vicAra huA hai |sukraat pUrva ke grIka darzana meM hama jJAna-mImAMsA ke svarUpa kA avalokana karate haiM to jJAta hotA hai ki unakI jJAna sambandhI avadhAraNA Atmakendrita thii| proTAgorasa prathama sophisTa eN| unake darzana kA sAra hai mAnava saba padArthoM kA mApadaNDaM hai| (Man is the measure of all things) unhoMne manuSya ko hI sarvotkRSTa mAnA hai| isa vicAradhArA se unakI jJAna-mImAMsA bhI prabhAvita huI hai| iliyAI mata ke anusAra indriya tathA buddhi donoM hI jJAna-prApti ke sAdhana haiN| sat kA jJAna buddhi se tathA pariNAma kA jJAna indriyoM dvArA hotA hai / isake viparIta herAklAiTaMsa ke anusAra pariNAma kA jJAna buddhi dvArA prApta hotA hai |ddimaakritts paramANuoM kA jJAna buddhi se tathA sthUla vastuoM kA jJAna indriyoM se mAnate haiN| proTAgorasa buddhi aura indriya ke bheda kA khaNDana karate haiN| usake anusAra manuSya saba padArthoM kA mApadaNDa hai| ataH vahI satya hai jo use satya pratIta hotA hai / satya to vyakti kI saMvedanA aura anubhUti taka hI sImita hai / ataH satya vyaktigata hai| vastugata nahIM hai| jJAna ke kSetra meM sAphisTa logoM ne eka bar3e hI vivAdAspada siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / unake anusAra satya to saMvedanAjanya hai| saMvedanAeM vyaktigata hotI haiM ataH satya Atmakendrita hai| ___ sukarAta ke darzana meM jJAna vicAra sabase mahattvapUrNa vicAra hai| jJAna ke kSetra meM sakarAta kA mata do jJAna kA siddhAnta (Doctrine of two knowledge) kahalAtA hai| unake anusAra jJAna ke do rUpa haiM--bAhya aura Antarika / bAhya jJAna aspaSTa; saMdigdha, indriyajanya tathA loka AdhArita hai| yaha jJAna parivartanazIla hai| Antarika jJAna tarkasaMgata evaM yathArtha jJAna hai| sukarAta jJAna ko pratyayAtmaka jAti rUpa mAnate
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________________ jJAnasvarUpa vimarza / 237 hai| usakI utpatti anubhava se hotI hai| sukarAta ke anusAra jJAna sArvajanika tathA sArvakAlika hai| yaha vyakti kA vyaktigata anubhava nahIM apitu sabhI vyaktiyoM kA satya jJAna hai| sukarAta sAphisTa logoM ke jJAna siddhAnta kA nirAkaraNa karate haiN| mahAtmA sukarAta sAmAnya jJAna ko hI yathArtha mAnate haiN| vaha pratyayAtmaka hai|" jJAna pratyaya yA jAti rUpa hone se jJAna sArvabhauma aura sAmAnya bana jAtA hai| uparyukta carcA se spaSTa hotA hai ki sAphisTa vastu vizeSa kA jJAna mAnate the tathA isake viparIta sukarAta sAmAnya ko hI yathArtha mAnate haiN| jaina darzana ina donoM vicAradhArAoM kA samanvaya karatA hai| vastu kA svarUpa ubhayAtmaka hai aura jJAna ubhayAtmaka vastu ko grahaNa karatA hai| itanA avazya hai jaina paribhASA meM sAmAnyagrAhI ko darzana evaM vizeSagrAhI ko jJAna kahA jAtA hai| .. pleTo kA jJAna-siddhAnta bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| pleTo ke anya dArzanika vicAra unake jJAna-siddhAnta para hI AdhArita hai| pleTo ke anusAra bauddhika jJAna hI yathArtha hai| pleTo-sukarAta ke jJAna sambandhI vicAra kI sampuSTi karate haiM / jJAna ko pratyayAtmaka svIkAra karake pleTo spaSTataH jJAna ke saMvedanAtmaka svarUpa kA nirAkaraNa karate haiN| prAtibhAsika, vyAvahArika, vizleSaNAtmaka evaM pratyayAtmaka jJAna ko hI vAstavika evaM sat mAnate haiN| pleTo sukarAta ke mata ko adhika puSTa, pariSkRta evaM vistRta karate haiN| sukarAta ke anusAra pratyayaM kevala mAnasika hai jabaki pleTo pratyaya ko vAstavika mAnate haiN| pleTo ke anusAra pratyaya kevala mAnasika vicAra hI nahIM varan bAhyavasta hai| 22 / santa oNgasTAina madhyayuga ke sabase mahattvapUrNa IsAI vicAraka mAne jAte haiN| unake anusAra yathArthajJAna Izvara viSayaka hotA hai| paramAtmA kA jJAna hI sarvottama jJAna hai / anya sabhI sAMsArika yA vyAvahArika jJAna hai / Izvara se alaga kisI jJAna kA svataH astitva nahIM hai| santa oNgasTAina ke anusAra jJAna tIna prakAra kA hai-indriyajJAna (Sense Knowledge), bauddhika jJAna (Rational Knowledge) evaM antaprajJA (Wisdom) / indriya jJAna saMvedanAtmaka hotA hai| yaha jJAna indriya tathA viSaya ke samparka se utpanna hotA hai| isako inhoMne nimna stara kA mAnA hai| bauddhika jJAna, indriya jJAna evaM antarjJAna ke madhya kI avasthA hai| yaha zuddha buddhi kA vyApAra hai| oNgasTAina ke anusAra indriyA~ bhautika vastu kA jJAna karavAtI haiM evaM buddhi se abhautika vastu kA jJAna prApta hotA hai| udAharaNArtha sundara vastu kA
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________________ 238 / ArhatI-dRSTi jJAna aindriyika evaM saundarya kA jJAna bauddhika hai / bauddhika jJAna nitya, apariNAmI satyoM (eternal and immutable truths) kA jJAna hai / Antara jJAna yaha uccatama jJAna hai| oNgasTAina ise 'prajJA' kahate haiN| yaha buddhi kA sarvottama svarUpa hai| buddhi nirNaya karatI hai parantu nirNaya kI zakti prajJA se prApta hotI hai| prajJAdhyAnaparaka jJAna hai| vaha AtmajJAna hai| ___ jJAna svarUpa evaM jJAna kI prAmANikatA spinojA kI jJAna-mImAMsA ke mahattvapUrNa prazna hai| spinojA svataH prAmANyavAdI haiN| unakI prasiddha ukti hai ki jJAna svataH prakAzI hai, use prakAzita karane ke lie kisI dUsare jJAna kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| spinojA bhI jJAna ke tIna stara batAte haiM / indriyajanya jJAna, bauddhika jJAna evaM prajJAjanya jJAna / jaina darzana ke anusAra spinojA svIkRta prathama do jJAnoM kA samAveza mati, zruta jJAna meM tathA prajJAjanya jJAna kA samAhAra pAramArthika pratyakSa meM kiyA jA sakatA laoNka ke dArzanika vicAroM kA prArambha unake jJAna siddhAnta se hotA hai| laoNka jJAna-mImAMsA ko sabhI dArzanika vicAroM kI AdhArazilA mAnate haiN| saMkSepa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki jJAna-mImAMsA se laoNka kA tAtparya jJAna kI utpatti tathA jJAna ke prAmANya se hai| ina donoM ke AdhAra para laoNka jJAna ke svarUpa kA nizcaya karate haiN|" laoNka ke anusAra samasta jJAna anubhava janya hai tathA usakI prAmANikatA bhI anubhava para Azrita hai| unake anusAra koI bhI pratyaya, dhAraNA janmajAta nahIM hai| laoNka jJAnapakSa meM buddhivAda kA khaNDana karake anubhavavAda kA samarthana karate haiM / barkale bhI anubhavavAdI haiM / laoNka ne anubhavavAda kA prArambha kiyA tathA barkale ne use pariSkRta kiyaa| dekArta buddhivAdI haiN| inake anusAra buddhi hI yathArthajJAna kI jananI hai / yaha yathArthajJAna sArvabhauma, sunizcita aura anivArya hai| yahI jJAna kA svarUpa hai| isa prakAra ke jJAna kA Adarza gaNita zAstra hai / dekArta ke anusAra yathArtha jJAna prApti ke do sAdhana haiM5-sahaja jJAna evaM nigamana / sahaja jJAna to anubhUti hai tathA nigamana anumAnajanya jJAna hai / dekArta kA mAnanA hai ki saba jJAnoM kA AdhAra to sahajajJAna hai, parantu niSkarSa nigamanAtmaka jJAna hai / dekArta AtmajJAna ko saha-bodha, svataHsiddha mAnakara anya viSayoM kA jJAna AtmajJAna para AdhArita mAnate haiN| . ___lAibanitsa kA jJAna siddhAnta tattva siddhAnta se sambandhita hai| unake anusAra cidaNu hI tattva hai tathA cidaNu gavAkSahIna hone ke kAraNa bAhya prabhAva se vihIna hai|
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________________ jJAnasvarUpa vimarza / 239 ataH jJAna ke lie bAhya jagat kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| jJAna buddhi-prasUta hai| jJAna janmajAta hai| anubhavajanya nahIM hai / anubhavavAdI laoNka ke anusAra koI bhI pratyaya janmajAta nahIM hai| sabhI anubhavajanya hai| buddhivAdI lAibanitsa ke anusAra sabhI pratyaya janmajAta hai| inake anusAra jJAna ke do bhAga haiM-vijJAna tathA vicaar| vijJAna janmajAta hai tathA vicAra kA upAdAna hai| vicAra vijJAnoM kA vistAra hai| .. imAnyuela kANTa ke siddhAnta ko 'samIkSAvAda' kahA jAtA hai| kANTa jJAna vicAra ke kSetra meM buddhivAda aura anubhavavAda donoM matoM kI samIkSA karate haiN| kANTa ke pahale buddhivAda aura anubhavavAda do virodhI siddhAnta the| kANTa ne ina donoM kA samanvaya kiyaa| kANTa ne donoM pakSoM ke doSoM kA parihAra karake donoM ke guNoM kA samanvaya kiyA hai| ise hI 'samIkSAvAda' kahate haiN| kANTa ke anusAra jina bAtoM ko buddhivAdI evaM anubhavavAdI svIkAra karate haiM, ve satya haiM aura jinakA ve niSedha karate haiM, ve asatya haiN| arthAt kANTa kisI bhI ekAMgI pakSa ko svIkAra nahIM karate / akelA buddhivAda pUrNa jJAna-mImAMsA nahIM kara sakatA vaise hI akelA anubhavavAda bhI pUrNa jJAna vyAkhyA karane meM asamartha hai| usake anusAra indriyAnubhava ke binA buddhi rikta hai aura buddhi ke binA indriyAnubhava andhA hai| kANTa kA dRSTikoNa anekAMtavAdI parilakSita hotA hai / jaina darzana meM bhI samanvaya kA dRSTikoNa hI satya vyAkhyA kA AdhArabhUta tattva hai / indriya jJAna evaM atIndriya jJAna apanI-apanI sImA meM donoM yathArtha haiM evaM yathArthatA ke nirNAyaka haiM / pAzcAtya darzanoM kA jaina jJAna-mImAMsA ke Aloka meM avalokana karate haiM to yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jaina darzana jaise atIndriya jJAna kI yahAM para koI parikalpanA nahIM hai| pAzcAtya darzana sammata anubhavavAda evaM buddhivAda donoM kA samAveza jaina svIkRta saMvyavahAra pratyakSa evaM parokSa jJAna ke antargata ho jAtA hai| hama yoM samajha sakate haiM pAzcAtya darzana meM bhAratIya atIndriya jJAna-mImAMsA jaisI avadhAraNA nahIM hai / unakA jJAna-mImAMsIya cintana indriya jagat evaM buddhi kI parikramA karatA huA dRSTigocara hotA hai| bhAratIya paramparA - bhAratIya paramparA meM jJAna-mImAMsA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| sabhI tattvacintakoM ne tattva kI avagati ke lie jJAna kI anivArya apekSA svIkAra kI hai| vaidika, avaidika sabhI dharma-darzanoM meM jJAna-cintana aura vicAraNA upalabdha hai| bhAratIya cintaka satya kI khoja karake ruka nahIM jAte the balki use apane anubhava meM utArane
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________________ 240 / ArhatI-dRSTi kA bhI prayatna karate the| darzana kA uddezya mAtra bauddhika AsthA kI prApti nahIM thaa| maiksamUlara ne kahA hai ki bhArata meM tattva-cintana jJAna kI upalabdhi ke lie nahIM hai balki usa parama uddezya kI siddhi ke lie kiyA jAtA thA jisake lie manuSya kA isa loka meM prayatna karanA sambhava hai| isa dRSTi se bhAratIya cintanadhArA meM jJAna kA svarUpa, usake bheda-prabheda Adi kA nirUpaNa apane kendrIya tattva ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI huA hai| jJAna ke viSaya meM upaniSad meM brahma vidyA ke prarUpaNa ke prasaMga meM jJAna-mImAMsIya tattva upalabdha hote haiN| anubhava kI vastuoM ke lie upaniSadoM meM 'nAma-rUpa' kA prayoga huA hai / manasa aura jJAnendriyoM kA vyApAra. 'nAmarUpa ke dAyare taka hI sImita hai| indriya jJAna anivAryataH paricchinna vastu kA hI hotA hai| brahmajJAna indriyajJAna se uccakoTi kA hai| brahma ajJeya nahIM hai| upaniSad kA parama uddezya brahma kA jJAna karAnA hI hai| muNDaka upaniSad meM sAre jJAna ko do vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai--parA vidyA evaM aparA vidyaa| parA vidyA sarvotkRSTa hai| isase parabrahma kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai tathA aparA vidyA ke dvArA sAMsArika vastuoM kA jJAna hotA hai| - vedAnta paramparA meM adhyAtma vidyA, Atma vidyA kA mUla hai| muNDakopaniSad meM ziSya guru se pUchatA hai-bhagavan ! aisA kauna-sA tattva hai jisako jAna lene se saba kucha jJAta ho jAtA hai| parama tattva kI jijJAsA jJAna utpatti kA mukhya AdhAra hai| satya jJAna svarUpa brahma hI parama tattva hai|" brahma parAvidyAgamya hai| aparA vidyA sAMsArika mArgAnusArI hai / vaha bhavabhramaNa kA kAraNa hai / zreya aura preya cirantana kAla se manuSya ke lakSya banate rahe haiN| vidyAvAn dhIrapuruSa jJAna cetanA ke dvArA preya ko tyAgakara zreya ko svIkAra karatA hai jabaki maMda tvarA se prerita hokara preya kA varaNa karatA hai| preya mArga tamasa kI ora le jAtA hai| zreya mArga prakAza kA puJja hai| zreya mArga arthAt vidyA, preya arthAt avidyA / upaniSadoM ke anusAra avidyA vaha hai jisakA antima pariNAma andhakAra hai tathA vidyA vaha hai, jo prakAza meM le jAtI hai| isalie upaniSad kA RSi gAtA hai-tamaso mA jyotirgamaya / vidyA bandhana se mukta karavAtI hai jabaki avidyA bandhana kA hetu hai| saMsAra ke sampUrNa jJAna meM pAraMgata hokara bhI vyakti brahmavid nahIM ho sakatA tathA eka brahma ko jAna lene se saba kucha jJAta ho jAtA hai| jaina Agama AcArAMga meM bhI kahA gayA hai jo eka ko jAnatA hai vaha sabako jAna letA hai| upaniSad darzana ke anusAra sAMsArika jJAna meM vaiduSya-prApta
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________________ jJAnasvarUpa vimarza / 241 vyakti bhI avidyAvAn hI hai| yadi vaha brahma jJAtA nahIM hai / upaniSad kahatI hai jo loga avidyA meM par3e rahakara apane Apako bahuta bar3A paMDita aura jJAnI mAnate haiM, ve vAstava meM mUDha haiM aura una andhe manuSyoM ke samAna hai jinako andhe manuSya hI le jA rahe haiM aura jo girate-par3ate bhaTakate rahate haiN| naciketA-yama, maitreyI-yAjJavalkya, nArada-sanatakumAra Adi ke aupaniSadika AkhyAnoM se upaniSad jJAna-mImAMsA kA svarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai / upaniSad kI jJAna-mImAMsA kA pramukha lakSya hai-brahmajJAna / brahma kI prApti athavA brahmamaya bana jAne ke sAtha hI jJAna-mImAMsA kRtakRtya ho jAtI hai| upaniSad 'sA vidyA yA vimuktaye ke mAdhyama se mokSadAyinI vidyA (jJAna) ko sarvazreSTha svIkAra karatI hai| ____ sAMkhya darzana prakRti aura puruSa ina do tattvoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| puruSa nirguNa hai evaM prakRti triguNAtmikA / puruSa cetana hai kintu vaha jJAna zUnya hai| sAMkhya ke anusAra buddhi yA jJAna jar3a hai| jJAna puruSa kA dharma nahIM kintu prakRti kA dharma hai| ataH anubhava kI upalabdhi na to puruSa meM hotI hai aura na hI buddhi meM hotI hai| jaba jJAnendriya bAhya jagat ke padArthoM ko buddhi ke sAmane upasthita karatI hai taba buddhi upasthita padArtha kA AkAra dhAraNa kara letI hai| buddhi ke padArthAkAra hone ke pazcAt caitanyAtmaka puruSa kA pratibimba par3atA hai / buddhi meM pratibimbita puruSa kA padArthoM se samparka honA hI jJAna hai|" buddhi meM pratibimbita hone para hI puruSa ko jJAtA kahA jAtA hai| pratyakSa anumAna evaM Agama ke bheda se sAMkhya tIna pramANa svIkAra karatA hai |vivek jJAna ko hI pUrNa jJAna mAnatA hai| viparyaya jJAna ko isa darzana meM sadasatkhyAti kahate haiN.| sAMkhya darzana jJAna kI pramANatA evaM apramANatA ko svataH svIkAra karatA hai| jaina darzana jJAna guNa ke sandarbha meM sAMkhyoM kI taraha jar3avAdI nahIM hai| vaha jJAna ko prakRti kA guNa-dharma nahIM maantaa| jaina mata ke anusAra jJAna AtmA kA svabhAva hai| vaha AtmA kA guNa hai| AtmA svarUpataH jJAna guNa sampanna hai| jaina caitanya aura jJAna ko sAMkhyoM kI taraha bhinna-bhinna nahIM maante| ye donoM abhinna hai| jaise agni svabhAvataH hI uSNaguNa yukta hotI hai vaise hI AtmA bhI svabhAvataH jJAnaguNa yukta. hI hotI hai| ___nyAya tathA vaizeSika darzana, paraspara sambaddha haiM / vaizeSika meM tattva-mImAMsA pradhAna hai tathA nyAyadarzana meM tarkazAstra aura jJAna-mImAMsA kA prAdhAnya hai| nyAyadarzana. vastuvAdI hai| vaha jJAna ko jJAtA aura jJeya kA sambandha mAnatA hai / jJAtA aura jJeya
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________________ 242 / ArhatI-dRSTi ke abhAva meM jJAna paidA nahIM ho sktaa| jJAtA jaba jJeya ke samparka meM AtA hai taba usameM 'jJAna' nAmaka guNa utpanna hotA hai jJAna AtmA kA Agantuka dharma hai kyoMki . cetanA usakA Agantuka lakSaNa hai| nyAya darzana ke anusAra dravya apanI utpatti ke prathama kSaNa meM guNa vihIna hotA hai| samavAya sambandha ke dvArA utpatti ke bAda guNa kA guNI se sambandha karavAyA jAtA hai| caitanya guNa AtmA se anya hai| samavAya sambandha rUpa upAdhi se Agata hai|" nyAyadarzana kI AtmA svarUpataH ajJAna svarUpa hai / jaba jJAtA jJeya padArtha ke saMparka meM AtA hai taba jJeya padArtha ke dvArA hI jJAtA meM jJAna paidA hotA hai / jJeya padArtha ke abhAva meM jJAna paidA hI nahIM ho sktaa| jJAna kA kArya jJeya padArtha ko prakAzita karanA hai|" buddhi, upalabdhi, anubhava ye zabda jJAna ke paryAya haiN| jaina darzana jJAna ko AtmA kA Agantuka dharma nahIM mAnatA hai| jJAna to AtmA kA svarUpa hai| AtmA caitanya lakSaNa vAlI hai|" jJAna kA astitva jJeya padArtha para nirbhara nahIM hai| vaha svata; astitvavAn hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra guNa-guNI meM dharma-dharmI meM jJAnagata bhinnatA hai vastugata bhinnatA nahIM hai / dravya guNa se saMyukta hI hotA hai| utpatti ke prathama kSaNa meM aguNatA kA siddhAnta samyak nahIM hai| nyAya ke anusAra yathArtha evaM ayathArtha ke bheda se jJAna do prakAra kA hai| vastu jaisI hai usakA vaisA hI jJAna honA yathArtha jJAna hai| tathA vastu svabhAva se viparIta jJAna honA ayathArtha anubhava hai| inake anusAra jJAna svaprakAzaka nahIM hai mAtra arthaprakAzaka hai| jJAna bhI jJAnAntara vedya hai|" pramANa ke cAra prakAra isa darzana meM svIkAra kie gae haiN| pratyakSa, anumAna upamAna aura zAbda (aagm)| mImAMsA darzana meM jJAna ko AtmA kA vikAra kahA gayA hai| jJAna ko eka kriyA kA vyApAra kahA gayA hai aura use atIndriya mAnA gayA hai| isa darzana ke anusAra jJAna AtmA jaise sUkSma dravya meM pAyA jAtA hai| pramukha mImAMsaka kumArila evaM prabhAkara kI jJAna sambandhI avadhAraNA pRthak-pRthak dIkhatI hai| kumArila kA jJAna viSayaka mata jJAtatAvAda kahalAtA hai / yaha prabhAkara ke mata se bhinna hai / kumArila. ke anusAra jJAna sva-prakAzaka nahIM hai| jJAna kevala jJeya viSaya ko hI prakAzita karatA hai / artha prAkaTya ke dvArA usakA jJAna hotA hai / jaina mata se jo jJAna sva-prakAzaka nahIM hai vaha artha prakAzaka bhI nahIM ho sktaa| prabhAkara kA jJAna viSayaka mata tripuTI pratyakSavAda kahA jAtA hai| ve jJAna ko sva-prakAzaka mAnate haiN| use apanI abhivyakti ke lie kisI anya jJAna kI
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________________ jJAnasvarUpa vimarza / 243 AvazyakatA nahIM hai / jJAna ke lie jJAnAntara kI kalpanA se anavasthA doSa AtA hai| jJAna sva-prakAzaka to hai kintu nitya nahIM / jJAna AtmA kA Agantuka guNa hai| viSaya samparka se AtmA meM jJAna utpanna hotA hai| pratyeka jJAna meM jJeya, jJAna aura jJAtA kI tripuTI kA pratyakSa hotA hai| isalie yaha tripuTI pratyakSavAda hai| ... bauddha darzana meM sAkAra citta ko jJAna kahA jAtA haiN| bauddha darzana ke bhinna-bhinna prasthAna haiN| ataH unakI jJAna-mImAMsA meM bhI vaividhya hai| yogAcAra arthAt vijJAnAdvaitavAdI bauddha jJAna ko hI mAtra paramArtha sat mAnatA hai| usake anusAra bAhya padArtha kA koI astitva hI nahIM hai| vaibhASika bauddha jJAna-mImAMsA ke kSetra meM tadutpatti evaM tadAkAratA ke svIkAra karate haiM usake abhAva meM pratiniyata karma-vyavasthA nahIM ho sktii|" jJAna padArtha se utpanna hotA hai tathA padArthAkAra ko grahaNa karatA hai / ghaTa se utpatra jJAna ghaTAkAra meM pariNata hokara hI ghaTajJAna karatA hai / bauddha darzana meM apUrva artha ke jJApaka samyaka jJAna ko hI pramANa kahA gayA hai| jo jJAna avisaMvAdI hai vahI samyagjJAna kahalAtA hai|" artha kriyA kI vyavasthA se hI jJAna ke avisaMvAditva Adi kA bodha hotA hai| samyagjJAna pratyakSa evaM anumAna bheda se do prakAra kA hai| kalpanA rahita jJAna arthAt nirvikalpa jJAna evaM abhrAMta jJAna pratyakSa pramANa hai| vyApti jJAna se sambandhita kisI dharma ke jJAna se dharmI ke viSaya meM jo parokSa jJAna hotA hai vaha anumAna hai| bauddha darzana meM vahI jJAna pramANa hai aura vahI jJAna pramANa phala bhI hai| pratyeka jJAna artha se utpanna hotA hai tathA arthAkAra hotA hai / yathA jo jJAna pustaka se utpanna huA hai vaha pustakAkAra hai tathA pustaka kA bodharUpa hai| ataH jJAna meM jo pustakAkAratA hai vaha pramANa hai aura jo pustaka kA bodha hai, vaha pramANaphala hai| isa prakAra eka hI jJAna meM pramANa aura phala kI vyavasthA kI jAtI hai| bauddha darzana kSaNikavAdI hai vahAM AtmA jaise kisI nitya dravya kI svIkRti nahIM hai / jJAna caitasika hai| citta paramparA calatI rahatI hai| pravRtti vijJAna evaM Alaya vijJAna kI avadhAraNA bauddha darzana meM hai| ___ cArU (rucikara) vaktavya ke AdhAra para isa darzana ko cArvAka darzana ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| isako nAstika darzana bhI kahA gayA hai| cArvAka darzana meM pratyakSa hI ekamAtra pramANa hai| indriya aura artha ke sannikarma se utpanna jJAna pratyakSa hai| isa paJcavidha indriya pratyakSa ke dvArA anubhUta vastu pramANasiddha; evaM anya saba vastueM kalpanA prasUta haiM / pratyakSa ke atirikta anya kisI anumAna Adi ko yaha svIkAra nahIM karatA
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________________ 244 / ArhatI-dRSTi jaina darzana jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA anaMta jJAna, anaMta darzana, anaMta AnaMda evaM anaMta vIrya se sampanna hai| kintu sAMsArika avasthA meM AtmA ke ye guNa tirohita rahate haiN| karma AtmA ke jJAna, darzana Adi ko AvRtta kie rahatA hai / ataH AtmA kA sAMsArika avasthA meM mUla svarUpa dRSTigocara nahIM hotA hai| jJAna AtmA kA svarUpa hai| jJAna jIva kA vizeSaNa nahIM kintu svarUpa hai ataH jIva meM yaha sAmarthya hai ki vaha saMsAra ke sampUrNa jJeya ko aparokSataH aura yadhArtha rUpa meM jAna sakatA hai| AtmA sarvajJa bana sakatI hai| karma ke AvaraNa ke kAraNa jIva ko AMzika jJAna hotA hai| jisa prakAra kucha loga darzana jJAna kI paricchinnatA kA kAraNa avidyA ko batAte haiM usI prakAra jaina darzana karma ko batAtA hai / karmarUpI megha AtmA rUpI sUrya ke prakAza ko AvRtta kara dete haiM jisase AMzika jJAna hotA hai| kintu karma jJAna rUpa jIva ke svabhAva ko naSTa nahIM kara sakate / jIva kA akSara ke anantaveM bhAga jitanA jJAna hamezA udghATita rahatA hai| yadi aisA na ho to jIva ajIva ho jaaegaa| jaina darzana jJAna ko naiyAyika vaizeSika kI taraha AtmA kA Agantuka dharma nahIM mAnatA tathA sAMkhya kI taraha prakRtijanya bhI nahIM maantaa| jJAna to AtmA kA sahajAta guNa hai| jJAna ke abhAva meM AtmA kI evaM AtmA ke abhAva meM jJAna kI kalpanA karanA bhI sambhava nahIM hai / jJAna aura AtmA kA abheda sthApita karate hue kahA gayA viziSTa kSayopazama yukta AtmA jAnatI hai, vahI jJAna hai / 'rAjavArtika' meM bhI AtmA ko hI jJAna evaM darzana kahA gayA hai / evaMbhUtanaya kI vaktavyatA se jJAna, darzana rUpa paryAya meM pariNata AtmA hI jJAna aura darzana hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki AtmA ko hI usakI paryAya vizeSa ke AdhAra para 'jJAna' kahA gayA hai| __jJAna kI paribhASA jJeya tattva ke AdhAra para bhI prApta hotI hai| jisake dvArA jAnA jAtA hai athavA jAnane mAtra ko jJAna kahA jAtA hai| jJAna jJeya kA prakAzaka hotA hai| jo yathArtha tattva ko prakAzita karatA hai athavA sadbhAva padArthoM kA nizcAyaka hotA hai| use jJAna kahA jAtA hai| jaina darzana meM Atma-mImAMsA, jJAna-mImAMsA, karma- mImAMsA paraspara meM atyanta sambaddha hai| AtmA adhigama svabhAvavAlI hai|" nizcayanaya ke anusAra to AtmA kA svabhAva yA svarUpa kevalajJAna hI hai| sAMsArika arthAt karmayukta avasthA meM vaha svabhAva pUrNarUpeNa prakaTa nahIM hotA hai| ataH jaina sAdhanA paddhati kA yahI uddezya hai ki vaha AtmA para Ae hue AvaraNoM ko dUra kare tAki vaha apane zuddha svarUpa meM upasthita ho ske|
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________________ jJAnasvarUpa vimarza | 245 AtmA jJAna darzana svabhAvavAlI hai| jJAna kI taraha darzana bhI usakA svabhAva hai| jJAna evaM darzana donoM kI jJApakatA meM kyA vizeSatA hai? isakA avabodha jJAna evaM darzana ke bheda ko samajhane se hI prApta ho sakatA hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra vastu dravya-paryAyAtmaka hai|" dravya sAmAnya evaM paryAya vizeSa kA dyotaka hai| jaba vastu kA svarUpa ubhayAtmaka hai to usake jJApaka kA svarUpa bhI ubhayAtmaka honA caahie| ataH 'sanmati tarka' meM kahA gayA sAmAnyagrAhI darzana evaM vizeSagrAhI jJAna kahalAtA hai|" sAmAnyagrAhI darzana kI pravRtti dravyAstika naya kI evaM vizeSagrAhI jJAna kI pravRtti paryAyAstika dRSTi kI preraka hai| ataeva darzana dravyAstika naya meM evaM jJAna paryAyAstika naya meM mAnA jAtA hai / darzana aura jJAna kAla meM grAhya vastu meM adhika antara nahIM par3atA hai| darzana kAla meM vastu kA sAmAnya dharma pradhAna evaM vizeSa gauNa ho jAtA hai tathA jJAna kAla meM vizeSa pradhAna evaM sAmAnya gauNa ho jAtA hai| AtmA para darzana evaM jJAna ko ghaTita karake AcArya siddhasena ne isa tathya ko ujAgara kiyA hai|" sAkAra va anAkAra ke bheda se upayoga do prakAra kA hai| sAkAra upayoga jJAna evaM anAkAra upayoga.darzana hai| grAhya vastu ko bheda ke sAtha grahaNa karanevAlA jJAna tathA abheda kA grAhya darzana kahalAtA hai|" jaina darzana ke anusAra jJAna sva-para prakAzaka hai / sva-para prakAzatA ke abhAva meM jJAna svayaM kI evaM vastu jagat kI vyavasthA nahIM kara sktaa| pramANa-mImAMsA ke antargata jJAna kI sva-para prakAzakatA kI carcA kI gaI hai / kintu upAdhyAya yazovijaya ne jJAna paribhASA meM isakA samAveza karake jJAna-mImAMsA ke kSetra meM eka nayA adhyAya jor3A hai / jJAna ko paribhASita karate hue unhoMne 'jJAna bindu prakaraNa' meM kahA hai-sva-para prakAzaka jJAna AtmA kA asAdhAraNa guNa hai|69 jaina sammata isa jJAna svarUpa kI darzanAntarIya jJAna svarUpa se tulanA karate samaya cintakoM kI mukhya rUpa se do vicAradhArAoM kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa hotA hai| prathama vicAradhArA sAMkhya evaM vedAnta tathA dUsarI vicAradhArA bauddha, nyAya Adi darzanoM meM upalabdha hotI hai| prathama dhArA ke anusAra jJAna guNa aura cittazakti ina donoM kA AdhAra eka nahIM hai| prathama dhArA ke anusAra cetanA aura jJAna donoM bhinna-bhinna AdhAra vAle haiN| dUsarI dhArA caitanya aura jJAna kA AdhAra bhinna-bhinna nahIM mAnatI / bauddha citta meM, jise vaha nAma bhI kahatA hai, caitanya aura jJAna kA astitva mAnatA hai| nyAya Adi darzana bhI kSaNika citta kI bajAya sthira AtmA meM caitanya aura jJAna kA astitva mAnate haiN| jaina darzana dUsarI
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________________ 246 / ArhatI-dRSTi vicAradhArA kA avalambI hai kyoMki vaha eka hI Atmatattva meM kAraNarUpa se cetanA aura kArya rUpa se jJAna ko svIkAra karatA hai| upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne usI bhAva-jJAna ko AtmA kA guNa kahakara prakaTa kiyA hai| tattvArtha sUtra meM mokSa mArga kI vivecanA karate hue AcArya umAsvAti samyak darzana, samyaka jJAna evaM samyaka cAritra ko mokSa mArga kahate haiN| svAmI ke bheda se jJAna bhI samyak evaM mithyA ina do bheda doM meM vibhakta ho jAtA hai| mokSa mArga kA hetu samyak jJAna banatA hai| mithyAjJAna saMsAra paribhramaNa kA hetu banatA hai| samyak rUpa se jisake dvArA vastu kA grahaNa hotA hai, vahI jJAna hai|" samyak dRSTi ke jo . jJAna kahalAtA hai vahI mithyA dRSTi se ajJAna kahalAtA hai| mati, zruta evaM avadhi-ye jJAna samyak evaM mithyA donoM hI prakAra se ho sakate haiN| sAmAnyataH mati ke do bheda hote haiM-mati-jJAna aura mati-ajJAna / usako vizleSita karane se jJAta hotA hai ki vaha samyak dRSTi ke matijJAna hai evaM mithyAdRSTi ke mati ajJAna hai|" mati ajJAna bhI jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazama rUpa hai kintu usa jJAna ke dhAraka vyakti ko dRSTi mithyA hai ataH darzana mohakarma ke udaya ke kAraNa kSAyopazamika jJAna bhI ajJAna . kahalAtA hai| yaha ajJAna saMsAra vRddhi evaM paribhramaNa kA hetu banatA hai| jJAnAvaraNa ke udaya se audayika bhAvarUpa jo ajJAna hai usakI vaktavyatA prastuta prakaraNa meM nahIM hai| audayika ajJAna jJAna kA abhAva hai| jabaki mithyAjJAna kutsita jJAna hai| isa prakAra ajJAna meM Agata naJ kA eka sthAna para abhAva evaM eka sthAna para kutsita artha hogaa| jIva kI kramika Atma-vizuddhi ke AdhAra para jaina-paramparA meM guNasthAna ko avadhAraNA hai / karma-vizuddhi kI apekSA se caudaha guNasthAna mAne gae haiN| mithyAjJAna prathama evaM tRtIya, ina do guNasthAnoM meM hI hotA hai| kyoMki ina do guNasthAnoM meM hI mithyAtvI jIva sthita hai| prathama guNasthAna mithyAdRSTi eva tRtIya mizra guNasthAna hai| jJAna kA abhAva rUpa ajJAna to prathama guNasthAna se lekara bArahaveM guNasthAna taka rahatA hai| kevalajJAna prApta hone para hI udayabhAva rUpa ajJAna naSTa hotA hai| udayabhAva rUpa ajJAna samyaktvI evaM mithyAdRSTi donoM ke hotA hai| prathama evaM tRtIya guNasthAna ko chor3akara avaziSTa sabhI guNasthAnoM meM samyak jJAna mAnA gayA hai / yadyapi samyak dRSTi ko bhI padArthoM kA viparIta jJAna ho sakatA hai| rajjU meM sarpa kA bhrama ho sakatA hai para vaha kutsita jJAna nahIM kahalAtA hai|
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________________ jJAnasvarUpa vimarza / 247 ayathArtha jJAna ke do pakSa hote haiM--AdhyAtmika aura vyAvahArika / AdhyAtmika viparyaya ko mithyAtva evaM AdhyAtmika saMzaya ko mizra moha kahA jAtA hai| inakA udbhava AtmA kI moha dazA meM hotA hai| isase zraddhA vikRta hotI hai| vyAvahArika saMzaya aura viparyaya kA nAma samAropa hai| yaha jJAnAvaraNa karma ke udaya se hotA hai| isameM jJAna yathArtha nahIM hotA hai| pahalA pakSa dRSTi moha hai tathA dUsarA pakSa jJAna-moha hai inakA bheda samajhAte hae AcArya bhikSu ne likhA hai-tattva zraddhA meM viparyaya hone para mithyAtva hotA hai| anyatra viparyaya hotA hai, taba jJAna asatya hotA hai kintu mithyA nahIM bntaa|" dRSTi-moha mithyAdRSTi ke hI hotA hai| jabaki jJAna-moha samyak dRSTi evaM mithyAdRSTi donoM ke hotA hai| ataH uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jJAna ke samyak evaM mithyA hone meM pAtra hI nimitta banatA hai| jayAcArya ne bhI isI ko spaSTa kiyA hai| adhyAtma sAdhanA meM sarvaprathama dRSTi kA parimArjana Avazyaka mAnA jAtA hai| dRSTi parizuddha hote hI jJAna svataH hI samyak bana jAtA hai| jJAna ko samyak banAne ke lie atirikta prayala kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| jaina darzana meM dRSTi vizuddhi ko hI mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai / jJAna evaM cAritra kI vizuddhatA usake Upara hI nirbhara rahatI hai ataH kahA jAtA hai--caritra bhraSTa kI to mukti ho sakatI hai kintu darzana bhraSTa siddha nahIM ho sktaa| sandarbha 1. mokSe dhInimanyatra vijJAnaM, itymrH| 2. cetanAcetanAnyatvavijJAnaM jJAnamucyate, jJAnastu jJAnamityAhuH bhagavAn jJAna snidhiH| liGgapurANa pUrvArdha, 10/29, 3. ekatvaM buddhimanasorindriyANAJca srvshH| Atmano vyApinastAta jJAnametadanuttamam / / yogazAstra, 4. gItA, 4/38 5. jJAnayajJaH prntpH| . gotA, 4/33, sarvabhUteSu yenaikaM bhaavmvyymiiksste| avibhaktaM vibhakteSu tajjJAnaM viddhisAtvikam // gItA, 18/20, ..
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________________ 248 / ArhatI-dRSTi 7. pRthaktvena tu yajjJAnaM nAnAbhAvAn pRthagvidhAn / - vetti sarveSu bhUteSu tajjJAnaM viddhi raajsm|| gItA, 18/21, 8. yattu kRtsnavadekasmin kaaryesktmhaitukm| ____ atattvArthavadalpaJca tattAmasamudAhRtam // gItA, 18/22, 9. vairAgyAjjAyate jJAnam // vi. pu. mahA. bhA., 13/149/61 10. vairAgyAjjAyate jJAnaM jJAnAd yogaH pravartate / yogajJaH patito vApi mucyate nAtra saMzayaH // vi. pU. mahAbhA, 13/149/61 11. jJAnaM prakRSTamajanyamanavacchinnaM sarvasya sAdhakamiti jJAnamuttamaM satyaM jJAnamanantaM brahma iti shruteH| vAyupurANa uttarArdha, 11/36 12. jJAnanetraM samAdAya cared vahmimataH prm| niSkalaM nirmalaM zAntaM tad brahmAhamitismRtam // ___ brahmabindu upaniSad, 21 13. samyak darzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaargH| . tattvArtha sUtra, 1/1. 14. paDhamaM nANaM tao dyaa| dazavai, 4/10 15. je AyA se vimmAyA, je vimmAyA se aayaa|, ' AcA, 5/104 16. NANaMti vA saMvedaNaM ti vA adhigamo ti vA cetaNaM ti vA bhAvoti vA ete saddA egtttthaa| dazavai. ji. cU, pR. 10 NANaM ti vA vijja ti vA egtttthaa| . uttarA, cU, pR. 147 17. Najjai aNeNetijJAnaM, Najjati etamhi tti nnaannN| naMdI cU, pR. 13 18. NAtI-NANaM avabodhamete, bhaavsaadhnno| naMdI cU, pR. 13 19. ahavA Najjai aNeNeti NANaM, khayovasamiya -khaaienn| vA bhAveNa jIvAdipadatthA NajjaMti iti NANaM karaNasAdhaNo / naMdI cU; pR. 13 20. Man is the measure of all things-It means that the way thing appear to one man is truth for him, and the way thing appear to another is the truth for him. ___The Greek Philosophy, p.p. 63-69, 21. All knowledge is knowledge through concepts... A Critical History of Greek Philosophy, p. 143, 77. Conceptual knowledge, then is the only genuine knowledge that was the teaching of Socrates which Plato
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________________ jJAnasvarUpa vimarza | 249 : adopted as the starting point for his inquiries. ___Histroy of Philosophy, p. 77 . 23. Moreover, this lower use of reason is directed towards action, whereas wisdom is contemplative, not practical. ___History of Philosophy, Vol. II, P. 70 24. To inquireinto the original, certaintry andextentof human knowlege, together with the grounds and degrees of belief, opinion and assent. An Essay.....Understanding Book, p. 63 25. According to Descartes some ideas are innate according to Leibnitz all. History of Modern Philosophy, p. 283 26. The two methods which hedescribed as bestindiscovering new principles, are intuition by which meant an immediate intellectual awareness and deduction......Which is a correct injerence from facts that are known with certainly. A History of Philosophy, p. 109 27. They are justified in what they affim but wrong in what they deny. A history of Philosophy 28. Six Systems of Indian Philosophy, p. 370 29. muNDako, 1 / 1 / 45 . 30. kasminu bhagavo vijJAte sarvamidaM vijJAtaM bhvtiiti| muNDako, 1 / 3 31. satyaM jnyaanmnntNbrhm| taitteriyo, 3 / 1 / 1 32. zreyazca preyazca manuSyametastau samparItya vivinakti dhIraH / zreyohi dhIro'bhipreyasovRNIte preyo mando yogakSemAd vRNIte // kaThopa, 1 / 2 / 2 * ' 33. je ega jANai se savvaM jANai..... AcA, 3 74 34. avidhAyAmantare vartamAnA: svayaM dhIrA: paMDitaM manyamAnAH / dandramyamANA: pariyanti mUr3hA aMdhenaiva nIyamAnA yathAndhAH / / __kaTho, 1 / 2 / 25 35. arthAkAreNa pariNatAyA buddhivRttezcetane pratibimbanAt viSayaprakAzarUpaM jnyaanm| __sA. pra. sU. (bhASyayoH) : 36. pramANatvApramANatve svata: sAMkhyA: samAzritAH / sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR. 106
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________________ 250 / ArhatI-dRSTi 37. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 178 38. utpannaM dravyaM kSaNamaguNaM niSkriyaM ca tiSThatIti samayAti guNAnAM guNino __vyatirikta tvm| syAdvAdamaJjarIkA, 7 39. caitnymaupaadhikmaatmno'nyt| anyayogavyavacchedikA, 8 40. na cAviSayA kAcidupalabdhiH / 41. arthaprakAzo buddhiH| . 42. caitanyalakSaNo jIva.... SaDdarzanasamuccaya, 49 43. tadvati tatprakArako'nubhavo yathArthaH / tarkasaMgraha, pR. 58 tadbhAvavati tatprakArakazcAyathArthaH / - tarkasaMgraha, pR. 61 44. jJAnamapi jJAnAntasvedyaM prameyatvAt paTAdivat / / 45. pratyakSamanumAnaM copamAnaM zAbdika tthaa| pa. da. saM., 17 46. zAstradIpikA, pR. 56-57 47. svArthAvabodhakSama evaM bodha: prakAzane nArthakathAnyathA tu| nyayoga vyacchedikA. 12 48. nAsti bAhyo'rtha: kazcitakintu jJAnamevedaM sarvaM nIlAdyAkaraNa pratibhAti / syAdvAdamaJjarI, pR. 158 - 49. tadutpatitadAkAratAbhyAM hi soppdyte| syAdvAdama, pR. 154 50. pramANaM samyagjJA. mpuurvgocrm| tarkabhASA, pR. 1 51. avisaMvAdakaM AnaM samyagjJAnam / , nyAyabindu, pR.4. 52. tatra kalpanApoDhamabhrAntaM pratyakSam / 53. yA ca sambandhino dharmAdbhUtirmiNi jaayte| sAnumAnaM parokSANAmekAntenaiva sAdhanam // pramANavArtika, 3 62 54. tadeva ca pratyakSaM jJAnaM pramANaphalamarthapratIti rUpatvAt / nyAyabindu, pR. 18 55. paddarzana samuccaya, TIkA, pR. 74 56. savvajIvANaM piyaNaM akkharassa aNaMtatamo bhAgo NiccugghADio citttthii| so via jai AvarijjA, teNaM jovA ajIvataNaM paavijjaa| naMdIsUtra, 71 57. Atmaiva viziSTakSayopazamayukta: jAnAtIti vA jJAnaM tadeva, . svaviSaya saMvedana rUpatvAt tsy| nyAyabindu, pR. 8
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________________ jJAnasvarUpa vimarza | 251 58. evaMbhUtanayavaktavyavazAt jJAna darzana paryAya pariNatAtmaiva jJAnaM darzanaM ca, tatsvabhAvyAt / rAjavArtika, 15 / 5 / 1 59. jAnAtijJAyate'nena jJaptimAtraM vA jnyaanN| sarvArthasiddhi, 1 / 1 / 6 / 1 60. bhUtArthaprakAzanaM jJAnam athavA sadbhAva vinizcayopalambhakaM jnyaanm| dha, 11 61. vinirmala: sAdhigama: svbhaavH| paramAtma dvAtriMzikA, 24 62. kevalanANamaNaMtaM jIvasarUvaM tayaM niraavrnnm| jJAnabindu, pR. 3 63. jJAnadarzanAtmikA cetnaa| jaina si. dIpikA, 2 / 3 64. dravyaparyAyAtmakaM vastu / pramANamI, 1 / 30 65. jaM sAmaNNaggahaNaM daMsaNameyaM visesiyaM NANaM / doNha viNayANa eso paDikkaM atthpjjaao| sa.ta, 21 66. davvaDhio vi hoUNa daMsaNe pajjavaDhio hoi| uvasamiyAI bhAvaM paDucca NANe u vivarIya // samma. 2 / 2 67. sAgAre se nANe havai aNAgAre se dNsnne| prajJApanA, 30 314 68. sahaAkArairgrAhyabhedairvattate yad grAhakaM tat sAkAraM jnyaanmityucyte| . avidyamAna AkAra: bhedogrAhyasya asyetyanAkAraM darzana mucyate // samma. TI., pR. 458 69. tatra jJAnaM tAvadAtmana: svaparAvabhAsaka: asAdhAraNo guNa: jJAnabindu prakaraNa, pR. 3 70. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaargH| tattvArtha sUtra, 1 / 1 . 71. samyagaveparItyena vidyate'vagamyate vastu svarUpamanayeti sevit / syAdvAdamaJjarI, 16 / 221 / 28 72. mati-zruta-vibhaMgA mithyAtva saahcryaadjnyaanm|| ___jai. si. dI, 2133 73. avisesiyA maI-mainANaM ca mai annANaM c| visesiyA sammaddiTThissa maI mainANaM / ... micchAdiTThissa maI maiannANaM / naMdI, 36
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________________ 252 / ArhatI-dRSTi . 74. karmavizuddhamArgaNApekSANi caturdaza jIvasthAnAni / jaina si. dIpikA, 7 / 1 75. indriyavAdI rI caupaI, 7-9 76. bhAjana lAre jANa re jJAna ajJAna kahI jie| samadRSTi rai jJAna re, ajJAna ajJAnI taNo / bhagavatI jor3a, 8 / 2 / 55 77. bhraSTenApi ca cAritrAda darzanamiha dRr3hataraM grhiitvym| sidhyanti caraNarahitA, darzanarahitA na sidhyanti // ta. bhASyAnu. TI. pR. 12
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________________ jainajJAnamImAMsA kA vikAsa mAnavasaMskRti ke udayakAla se hI jJAna vimarza kA viSaya rahA hai| hara sabhyatA, saMskRti ne jJAna kI mahattA ko nirvivAda rUpa se svIkRta kiyA hai| dharma-darzana ke itihAsa ke pariprekSya meM jJAna ke astitva kA cintana sudUra atIta taka calA jAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM jJAna kI vizada carcA upalabdha hai| jJAna se sambandhita upalabdha sAhitya ke AdhAra para yaha sapramANa kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina darzana meM jitanI vizadatA evaM vistRtA se jJAna kI carcA hai utanI anyatra dRSTigocara nahIM hotI hai| jaina dharma meM mAtra jJAna mImAMsA para naMdI Adi sUtroM kA praNayana huA hai / anya darzanoM meM nikhAlisa jJAna kI carcA karanevAlI grantha adyaprabhRti upalabdha nahIM hai| Agama pUrvavartI jJAna carcA jaina dharma meM Agama kA sarvocca sthAna hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha jaina sAhitya meM Agama grantha hI sabase adhika prAcIna hai| una AgamoM meM to jJAnasiddhAnta kA varNana prApta hai hI kintu Agama se pUrvavartI pUrvasAhitya meM bhI jJAna carcA kA ullekha thA, isakA bhI pramANa upalabdha hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM jJAna carcA ke sandarbha meM eka mAthA uddhRta kI gayI hai| jisako bhASyakAra evaM kRttikAra ne pUrva gAthA ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA hai buddhiDhei atye je bhAsaha taM suyaM maIsahiyaM / iyaratya vi hojja subaMdisamaM jai bhnnejaa| vibhA 128; pUrva zruta jo bhagavAn mahAvIra se thI pUrvavartI thA tathA aba vaha naSTa ho gayA hai aisI mAnyatA hai / usa pUrva zruta meM zAkAvAda nAma kA pUrva thA jisameM paMcavidhajJAna kI carcA thI digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM paramparAeM isa tathya ko svIkAra karatI haiN| karma sambandhI ati prAcIna mAne jAne vAle granthoM meM bhI paJcavidha jJAna ke AdhAra para hI jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI prakRtiyoM kA vibhAjana hai / karma sambandhI avadhAraNA nizcita rUpa se lupta hue karmapravAda pUrva kI avaziSTa paramparA mAtra haiM / upalabdha zruta meM prAcIna mAne jAne vAle AgamoM meM bhI paJcavidha jJAna kI spaSTa carcA hai / uttarAdhyayana jaise prAcIna
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________________ 254 / AhatI-dRSTi mUlasUtra meM bhI unakA varNana hai| nandI sUtra meM to kevala paJcavidya jJAna kI hI carcA hai| Avazyaka niyukti jaise prAcIna vyAkhyA grantha kA maMgalAcaraNa paMcajJAna ke dvArA hI kiyA gayA hai| paMcajJAna kI bhagavAn mahAvIra se bhI pUrvavartitA rAjapraznIya sUtra ke dvArA bhI jJAta hotI hai| zAstrakAra ne bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke ziSya kezIkumAra ke mukha se ye vAkya kahalavAe haiMeMva khu paesI amhaM samaNANaM niggaMthANaM paMcavihe nANe paNNatte, taM jahA. AbhiNibohiyanANe, suyanANe, ohiNANe maNapajjavaNANe kevlnnaanne| isa uddharaNa se spaSTa phalita hotA hai ki isa Agama ke saMkalanakartA ke mata se bhagavAn mahAvIra se pahale bhI zramaNoM meM pAMca jJAna kI mAnyatA thii| unakI yaha mAnyatA nirmUla bhI nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayana ke 23veM adhyayana ke kezI-gautama-saMvAda se spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparA meM pracalita AcAra viSayaka saMzodhana mahAvIra ne kiyA hai kintu pArzvanAtha paramparA ke tattva cintana meM vizeSa saMzodhana nahIM kiyA hai| isa sampUrNa carcA se phalita hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pAMca jJAna kI navIna carcA prArambha nahIM kI hai kintu pUrva paramparA se jo calI A rahI thI usako hI svIkAra kara use Age bar3hAyA hai| Agama yuga meM jJAna Agama sAhitya ke Aloka meM jJAna carcA ke vikAsa krama kA avalokana karane se usakI tIna bhUmikAoM kA spaSTa avabhAsa hotA hai| 1. prathama bhUmikA meM jJAna ko pA~ca bhedoM meM hI vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| 2. dvitIya bhUmikA meM jJAna ko pratyakSa evaM parokSa ina do bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| pA~ca jJAna meM prathama do mati evaM zruta ko parokSa evaM avadhi manaHparyava evaM kevala jJAna ko pratyakSa ke antargata svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / isa bhUmikA meM Atma mAtra sApekSa jJAna ko hI pratyakSa svIkAra kiyA hai| indriyoM se utpanna jJAna ko parokSa mAnA gayA hai| jisa indriya jJAna ko anya sabhI dArzanika pratyakSa svIkAra karate the, vaha indriya jJAna jaina Agamika paramparA meM parokSa hI rhaa| 3. tRtIya bhUmikA meM indriya-janya jJAna ko pratyakSa evaM parokSa donoM ke antargata svIkAra kiyA hai / isa bhUmikA meM lokAnusaraNa spaSTa hai| prathama bhUmikAgata jJAna kA varNana hameM bhagavatI sUtra meM upalabdha hotA hai| vahAM para jJAna ko pAMca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| jo nimna sAriNI meM samajhA jA sakatA hai
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________________ jainajJAnamImAMsA kA vikAsa / 255 jJAna kevala Abhinibodhika zruta avadhi manaHparyava / / avagraha IhA avAya dhAraNA bhagavatI sUtra meM jJAna sambandhI isase Age ke varNana ko rAjapraznIya sUtra se pUrA karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai tathA rAjapraznIya se pUrvokta bhedoM ke atirikta avagraha ke do bhedoM kA kathana karake zeSa kI nandI sUtra se pUrti karane kI sUcanA dI gaI hai| isa varNana kA tAtparyArtha yahI hai ki zeSa varNana nandI ke anusAra hone para bhI yaha antara hai ki isa bhUmikA meM nandIsUtra ke prArambha meM kathita pratyakSa aura parokSa bhedoM kA kathana nahIM hai tathA nandI meM Agata zrutanizrita evaM azrutanizrita kA bhI isa bhUmikA meM ullekha nahIM hai| isI AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha varNana prAcIna bhUmikA kA hai| sthAnAMgagata jJAna carcA dvitIya bhUmikA kI pratinidhi hai| sthAnAMga meM jJAna ke pratyakSa evaM parokSa ye do bheda kie gae haiM tathA pAMca jJAnoM kA samAhAra ina do bhedoM meM huA hai / isa sUtra meM mukhyataH jJAna ke do bhedoM kA ullekha hai, pAMca kA nahIM / yaha spaSTa hI prAthamika bhUmikA kA vikAsa hai| . . jJAna 1. pratyakSa - 2. parokSa 1. kevala 2. nokevala 1. Abhinibodhika 2. zrutajJAna 1. avadhi 2. manaHparyaya . 1. zrutaniHsRta 2. azrutaniHsRta 1. bhavapratyayika 2. kSAyopazamika 1. arthAvagraha 2. vyaMjanAvagraha | 1. Rjumati 2. vipulamati 1. arthavigraha 2. vyaMjanAvagraha 1. aMgapraviSTa 2. aMgabAhya 1. Avazyaka 2. Avazyaka vyatirikta 1. kAlika 2.utkAlika
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________________ 256 / ArhatI-dRSTi isI vargIkaraNa ke AdhAra para AcArya umAsvAti ne bhI pramANa ko pratyakSa parokSa meM vibhakta karake unhIM do bhedoM meM paMcajJAnoM kA samAveza kiyA hai tathA pazcAtvartI jainatArkikoM ne pratyakSa ke sakala evaM vikala ke bheda se do vibhAga kie| isa vargIkaraNa kA AdhAra bhI sthAnAMga meM Agata pratyakSa ke kevala evaM nokevala ye do bheda haiN| ... jJAna carcA vikAsa krama kI tRtIya Agamika bhUmikA kA AdhAra nandI sUtra gata jJAna carcA hai| jAna . 1. Abhinibodhika 2. zruta 3. avadhi 4. manaHparyava 5. kevala 1. pratyakSa . 2. parokSa 2. zruta 1. indriya pratyakSa 1. zrotrendriya pratyakSa 2. cakSurindriya pratyakSa 3. ghANendriya pratyakSa 4. jihvendriya pratyakSa 5. sparzanendriya pratyakSa 2. noindriya pratyakSa 1. Abhinobodhika 1. avadhi 2. manaHparyaya 3. kevala . 1.zrutaniHzruta 1. azrutaniHzruta 1. avagraha 2. IhA 3. avAya 4. dhAraNA 1. vyaMjanAgraha 2. arthAvagraha . 1. autpattikI 2. vainayikI 3 kArmikI 4. pAriNAmikI nandI meM sarvaprathama jJAna ko pAMca bhAgoM meM vibhakta karake phira ina pAMca kA samAveza pratyakSa evaM parokSa ina do bhedoM meM kiyA gayA hai / pratyakSa ke indriya evaM noindriya pratyakSa ye do bheda kie gae haiM / indriya pratyakSa meM pAMca indriyoM se utpanna-jJAna kA evaM noindriya
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________________ jainajJAnamImAMsA kA vikAsa / 257 pratyakSa meM avadhi, manaHparyava evaM kevalajJAna kA ullekha hai / Abhinibodha evaM zrutajJAna ko parokSAntargata svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| parokSa Abhinibodha ke zrutanizrita evaM azrutanizrita ye do bheda haiM / zrutanizrita ke avagraha Adi cAra bheda hai / azrutanizrita autpatikI Adi cAra buddhiyoM ko mAnA hai| isa vibhAjana kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki isameM indriyajanya matijJAna ko pratyakSa evaM parokSa donoM bhedoM ke antargata svIkAra kiyA hai| aisA bheda uparyukta do bhUmikAoM meM nahIM hai| jainetara sabhI darzanoM ne indriyajanya jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnA hai ataH jaina paramparA meM nandIkAra ne inako pratyakSa meM samAviSTa karake laukika mata kA samanvaya karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| AcArya jinabhadra ne isa samanvaya ko hI lakSya meM rakhakara spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai ki indriya pratyakSa ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahanA caahie| aidamparyArtha yahI hai ki indriya jJAna vastutaH to parokSa hI hai kintu loka vyavahAra ke kAraNa usako pratyakSa kahA gayA hai| vAstavika pratyakSa to avadhi manaHparyava aura kevalajJAna hI hai| paramArtha rUpa se jo jJAna AtmamAtra sApekSa hai vahI pratyakSa hai / uparyukta vivecana se ye tathya spaSTa ho jAte haiM ki... 1.. avadhi manaHparyava aura kevala ye jJAna pAramArthika pratyakSa haiN| . 2. zruta parokSa hI hai| 3. indriyajanya matijJAna pAramArthika dRSTi se parokSa hai aura vyAvahArika dRSTi se pratyakSa hai| . 4.. manojanya matijJAna parokSa hI hai| jJAna carcA kI svatantratA __paMcajJAna carcA ke kramika vikAsa kI ina tInoM Agamika bhUmikAoM kI viziSTatA yaha hai ki inameM jJAna carcA ke sAtha itara darzanoM meM prasiddha pramANa-carcA kA koI samanvaya sthApita nahIM kiyaa| jJAna ko adhikArI kI apekSA se samyak evaM mithyA mAnA gyaa| isa samyak evaM mithyA vizeSaNa rUpa jJAna ke dvArA hI Agamika yuga meM pramANa evaM apramANa ke prayojana ko siddha kiyA gayA / Agama yuga meM pramANa apramANa aise vizeSaNa nahIM diye gaye haiN| kinta prathama tIna mati, zruta, avadhi ko jJAtA kI apekSA mithyA tathA samyaka svIkAra kiyA hai tathA antima do ko samyak hI mAnA hai| ataH jJAna ko sAkSAt pramANa na kahakara bhI bhinna prakAra se usa prayojana ko niSpAdita kara liyA hai| jJAnavicAra vikAsa - jaina paramparA meM jJAna sambandhI vicAroM kA vikAsa do alaga-alaga dizAoM se huA hai / 1. svadarzanAbhyAsa aura 2. darzanAntarAbhyAsa / svadarzana abhyAsajanita jJAna
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________________ 258 / ArhatI-dRSTi vicAra vikAsa ke antargata darzanAntarIya paribhASAoM ko apanAne kA prayatna nahIM dekhA jAtA tathA paramatakhaNDana ityAdi nyAyazAstra prasiddha tattvoM kA ullekha prApta nahIM hai| darzanAntara abhyAsa krama meM jJAna vikAsa meM darzanAntarIya paribhASAoM ko AtmasAt karane kA prayatna hai tathA paramata khaNDana ke sAtha-sAtha kabhI-kabhI jalpakathA kA bhI avalambana dekhA jAtA hai| jJAna sambandhI jaina vicAra vikAsa kA jaba hama adhyayana karate haiM taba usakI aneka aitihAsika bhUmikAeM jaina sAhitya meM upalabdha hotI hai| jJAna-vicAra vikAsa ko hama kucha bhUmikAoM meM vibhakta kara avalokana kareM to yaha tathya spaSTa rUpa se buddhi gamya ho jAtA hai| Agama yuga se lekara jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa taka jJAna vikAsa kI bhUmikAoM ko chaha bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiN| sAtavIM unake uttaravartI AcAryoM kI ho sakatI hai| 1. karmazAstrIya tathA Agamika yuga 2. niyuktigata 3. anuyogagata 4. tattvArthagata 5. siddhasenIya 6. jinabhadrIya evaM 7. uttaravartI AcArya paramparA karmazAstrIya tathA Agamika yuga karmazAstrIya tathA Agamika bhUmikA meM mati yA abhinibodha Adi pA~ca jJAnoM ke nAma milate haiM tathA inhIM nAmoM ke Asa-pAsa se svadarzana abhyAsa janita jJAna ke bhedoM prabhedoM kA vicAra dRSTigocara hotA hai| niyuktigata jJAnamImAMsA niyuktiyoM ko AgamoM kI prathama vyAkhyA mAnA gayA hai| niyukti kA vaha bhAga jo vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI kA mAnA jAtA hai usameM paMcavidhajJAna kI carcA hai tathA niyukti meM mati aura abhinibodha zabda ke atirikta saMjJA, smRti Adi paryAyavAcI zabdoM kI vRddhi dekhI jAtI hai tathA usameM jJAna ke pratyakSa evaM parokSa ye do vibhAga bhI upalabdha hai / yaha vargIkaraNa nyUnAdhika rUpa se darzanAntara ke abhyAsa kA sUcaka hai| anuyogagata anuyogadvAra sUtra jisako vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI kA mAnA jAtA hai| usameM
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________________ jainajJAnamImAMsA kA vikAsa / 259 akSapAdIya nyAyasUtra ke cAra pramANoM kA tathA usI ke anumAna sambandhI bheda-prabhedoM kA saMgraha hai jo darzanAntarIya abhyAsa kA asaMdigdha pramANa hai AryarakSita ne anuyogadvAra meM paMcavidha jJAna ko sammukha rakhate hue bhI nyAya darzana ke prasiddha pramANa vibhAga ko tathA usakI paribhASAoM ko jaina vicAra kSetra meM lAne kA sarvaprathama prayatna kiyA hai| anuyogadvAra ke prArambha meM hI jJAna ke pA~ca bheda batAye gaye haiN| jJAna pramANa ke vivecana ke prasaMga meM hI anuyogadvAra ke kartA paMcajJAna ko jJAna pramANa ke bhedarUpa meM batA dete kintu aise na karake unhoMne naiyAyikoM meM prasiddha cAra pramANoM ko hI jJAna pramANa ke bheda rUpa meM sUcita kiyA hai| tattvArthagata ___jJAna vikAsa kI caturtha bhUmikA tattvArtha sUtra evaM usake svopajJa bhASya meM upalabdha hai| yaha vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI kI kRti hai / vAcaka ne niyukti pratipAdita pratyakSa evaM parokSa pramANa kA ullekha kiyA hai tathA anuyogadvAra meM svIkRta nyAyadarzanIya caturvidha pramANa vibhAga kI ora udAsInatA vyakta kI hai| vAcaka ke isa vicAra kA yaha prabhAva par3A ki unake uttaravartI kisI bhI tArkika ne caturvidha pramANa ko koI sthAna nahIM diyA yadyapi AryarakSitasUri jaise pratiSThita anuyogadhara ke dvArA eka bAra jaina zruta meM sthAna pAne ke kAraNa nyAyadarzanIya caturvidha pramANa bhagavatI Adi parama pramANabhUta .mAne jAne vAle AgamoM meM hamezA ke lie saMgRhIta ho gyaa| vAcaka ne mImAMsA Adi darzanAntara meM prasiddha anumAna, arthApatti Adi pramANoM kA samAveza bhI mati zruta meM kiyA hai| aisA prayala vAcaka se pUrva kisI ke dvArA nahIM huA hai| siddhasenIya jJAna vicAraNA siddhasena divAkara dArzanika tArkika jagat ke dedIpyamAna ujjvala nakSatra hai| unhoMne apanI tArkika pratibhA ke dvArA jJAna ke kSetra meM vibhinna vicAraNIya muddoM ko prastuta kiyA hai| ye vikrama kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn mAne jAte haiM / jJAna vicAraNA ke kSetra meM unhoMne apUrva bAteM prastuta kii| jaina paramparA meM unase pUrva kisI ne zAyada aisA socA bhI nahIM hogaa| divAkara zrI ke jJAna mImAMsA ke mukhya muddoM ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. mati evaM zrutajJAna kA vAstavika aikya / inake anusAra mati evaM zrutajJAna .. alaga-alaga nahIM hai / inheM do pRthak jJAna svIkAra karane kI koI apekSA nahIM hai| ..
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________________ 260 / AhatI-dRSTi 2. avadhijJAna evaM manaHparyavajJAna meM tattvataHabheda hai / divAkarajI ke anusAra ina do jJAnoM ko pRthak svIkAra karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| eka jJAna ke svIkAra se bhI prayojana siddhi ho jAtI hai| 3. jaina paramparA meM mAnya kevalajJAna evaM kevaladarzana rUpa upayoga ko inhoMne pRthak svIkRti nahIM dI tathA unake abheda samarthana meM apanI mahattvapUrNa tArkika yuktiyoM ko prastuta kiyaa| 4. siddhasena divAkara ne zraddhAna rUpa darzana evaM jJAna meM abheda ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| ina cAra navIna muddoM ko prastuta karake siddhasena divAkara ne jJAna ke bheda prabheda kI prAcIna rekhA para tArkika vicAra kara nayA prakAza DAlA hai| ina navIna vicAroM para jaina paramparA meM kAphI UhApoha huaa| divAkara zrI ne ina cAra muddoM para apane svopajJa vicAra sanmati tarka prakaraNa evaM nizcayadvAtriMzikA meM vyakta kie haiN| nyAyAvatAra kI racanA karake pramANa ke kSetra meM bhI abhinava upakrama prastuta kiyA hai| jinabhadrIya jJAna mImAMsA AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne jJAna vicAra vikAsa ke kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA hai| Agama paramparA se lekara unake samaya taka jJAna mImAMsA kA jo svarUpa upalabdha thA usI kA Azraya lekara kSamAzramaNa jI ne apane vizAlakAya grantha, vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM jJAna kI vizada mImAMsA kI hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM jJAna paJcaka kI hI 840 gAthAeM haiN| isa bhASya meM jinabhadragaNi ne paMcavidha jJAna kI Agama Azrita tarkAnusAriNI sAMgopAMga carcA prastuta kI hai| kSamAzramaNajI kI isa vikAsa bhUmikA ko tarka upajIvI Agama bhUmikA kahanA adhika yuktisaMgata hai| unakA pUrA tarka bala Agama sImA meM Abaddha dekhA jAtA hai, vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM jJAna se sambandhita sAmagrI atyanta vyavasthita rUpa se gumphita kara dI hai, jo sabhI zvetAmbara grantha praNetAoM ke lie AdhArabhUta banI huI hai| jinabhadra se uttaravartI AcAryoM kI jJAna mImAMsA ___zrI jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke uttaravartI kucha viziSTa AcAryoM kA yogadAna jJAna ke kSetra meM rahA hai / AcArya akalaMka vidyAnandI, hemacandra aura upAdhyAya yazovijayajI unameM pramukha haiM / jJAna vicAra ke vikAsa kSetra meM bhaTTa akalaMka kA-prayala bahumukhI hai| jJAna sambandhI unake tIna prayatna vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / prathama tattvArthasUtrAnusArI tathA dUsarA siddhasena divAkara ke nyAyAvatAra sUtra kA pratibimbagrAhI kahA jA sakatA hai|
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________________ .. jainajJAnamImAMsA kA vikAsa / 261 tIsarA prayatna laghIyatrayI aura vizeSataH pramANa saMgraha meM hai, vaha unakI apanI mahattvapUrNa cintanA hai| unake aSTasahasrI, Adi granthoM meM bhI jJAna evaM pramANa sambandhI vizada carcA upalabdha hai / upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne jJAna bindu prakaraNa meM sampUrNa adyaprabhRti jJAna mImAMsA kA sAra tattva prastuta kara diyaa| nayadRSTi se anekoM vicAraNIya muddoM kA samAdhAna bhI upAdhyAya jI ke granthoM meM parilakSita hai / isake atirikta jJAna sambandhI aneka nae vicAra bhI jJAna bindu meM sanniviSTa hai jo unake pUrva ke granthoM meM prApta nahIM hai| jaise avagraha Adi kI tulanA nyAya Adi darzanoM meM Agata kAraNAMza, vyApArAMza Adi se kI hai| jJAna mImAMsA ke parivardhana, parizodhana meM aneka AcAryoM kA yogadAna rahA hai| vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki jJAna ke Agamika maulika svarUpa evaM bheda Adi kA kahIM bhI atikramaNa nahIM huA hai| jaina AgamoM meM pramANa carcA jJAnamImAMsA kA udbhava, vikAsa jaina paramparA meM svadarzana ke abhyAsa se huaa| Agamika ullekha se yaha tathya spaSTa hai ki jJAna ke sAtha meM pramANa ko sammizrita nahIM kiyA gyaa| yadyapi aisA to nahIM kahA jA sakatA jaina AcArya apane paripArzva meM hone vAlI pramANa carcA se anabhijJa the kintu itanA to nizcita hai pramANa ke kSetra meM unakA Agamana derI se huaa| anya jainetara paramparAoM meM jaba pramANa kA svarUpa sthira evaM nizcita ho gayA to jaina tArkikoM ke samakSa bhI pramANa sambandhI samasyA kA udbhava huA ki jaina paramparA meM pramANa kisako mAnA jAye / isa samasyA ke samAdhAna meM jJAna ne hI pramANa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA AcArya AryarakSita ne anuyogadvAra meM pramANa kI sarvaprathama carcA kI hai| vahA~ para unhoMne pramANoM ko jJAnaguNa pramANa ke bheda ke rUpa meM hI vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai / anya dArzanika pratyakSa Adi jina cAra pramANoM ko mAnate the| Arya rakSita ne spaSTa kiyA ye pramANa jJAnAtmaka hai| isa vivecana se yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina paramparA meM ajJAna rUpa indriya sannikarSa, kAraka sAkalya, indriyavRtti Adi pramANa nahIM ho skte| siddhasena se lekara sabhI jaina dArzanikoM ne pramANa ke lakSaNa meM jJAnapada ko avazyameva sthAna diyA hai| jaina AgamoM meM pramANacarcA, jJAnacarcA se svatantra rUpa se prApta hai / yadyapi AgamoM meM pramANa carcA ke prasaMga meM naiyAyika Adi sammata cAra pramANoM kA ullekha AtA hai| kahIM-kahIM tIna pramANoM kA bhI ullekha hai / bhagavatI sUtra meM gautama gaNadhara aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMvAda meM bhI pramANacarcA kA avataraNa huA hai| isase sambhava lagatA hai ki zAstrakAra svasammata jJAna kI taraha pramANa ko bhI jJapti meM svatantra sAdhana mAnate
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________________ 262 / ArhatI-dRSTi the| sthAnAMga sUtra meM pramANa zabda ke sthAna meM hetu zabda kA prayoga bhI milatA hai| itanI carcA se spaSTa hai ki jaina zAstrakAroM ne Agama kAla meM jaina dRSTi se pramANa vibhAga meM svatantra vicAra nahIM kiyA hai kintu isa kAla meM prasiddha anya dArzanikoM ke vicAroM kA saMgraha mAtra unameM parilakSita hai| yadyapi umAsvAti taka Ate-Ate jaina pramANa paramparA kA pRthak svarUpa pratipAdita ho jAtA hai| tatpazcAtvI AcAryoM ke granthoM meM pramANacarcA pramukha vicAraNIya viSaya rahA hai| . jaina darzana meM padArtha jJapti meM nayavAda kA maulika sthAna hai| Agama sAhitya meM aneka bAra dravyArthika evaM paryAyArthika naya ke dvArA tattva kI vivecanA huI hai / gautama bhagavAn se jijJAsA karate haiM-bhaMte ! jIva zAzvata hai yA azAzvata? bhagavAn gautama ko sambodhita karate hue kahate haiM--gautama ! dravya apekSA jIva zAzvata hai tathA bhAva (paryAya) kI apekSA azAzvata hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra vastu anantadharmAtmaka hai tathA usako hI pramANa kA viSaya bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / vastu kI ananta dharmAtmakatA kA sAkSAt to mAtra kevala jJAna rUpa kSAyika jJAna se hI ho sakatA hai| chadmastha ke jJAna ko bhI Agama evaM darzana donoM paramparA meM samyak mAnA gayA hai| aisI sthiti se syAdvAda, saptabhaMgI Adi ke dvArA jJeya vyavasthA sthApita kI gayI hai / darzana jagat meM jaba pramANa kI carcA hone lagI taba sambhava lagatA hai ki jaina dArzanikoM ko bhI pramANa ke kSetra meM avatarita honA pdd'aa| pramANa kI svIkRti karane para bhI naya ko vismRta nahIM kiyA gayA apitu kahanA cAhie naya vyavasthA ko navInIkaraNa ke sAtha prastuta kiyA gyaa| naya ke pramANa va apramANatva ke sandarbha meM bhI cintana kiyA gyaa| naya ko pramANAMza svIkAra kiyA gyaa| kintu yaha spaSTa hai jJeya-jJapti meM naya vyavasthA jainoM kI prAcIna evaM maulika hai tathA pramANa vyavasthA paristhiti sApekSa udbhUta huI hai| vidvAnoM kA mantavya hai ki jaina vicAra saraNI meM jJAna kI pramukhatA se svIkRti hai kintu tatkAlIna pramANa paricarcA ke vAtAvaraNa ne jaina vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA, phalasvarUpa kucha naye prasthAnoM kA vikAsa huaa| AcArya umAsvAti ne sarvaprathama svatantra jaina pramANa kI carcA kii| jJAna hI pramANa rUpa meM pariNata ho gyaa| tatpazcAt jJAna aura pramANa kI paramparA nirantara vikasita hotI gyii| AcArya umAsvAti ne jJeya padArtha ke avabodha ke sandarbha meM pracalita naya vyavasthA ko vismRta nahIM kiyA, apitu padArtha adhigama ke sAdhana rUpa meM pramANa evaM naya donoM ko svIkAra kiyaa| __ Agama yuga taka jaina sAhitya meM jJAna mImAMsA kA hI prAdhAnya rhaa| pramANa kA praveza darzana yuga meM huA hai| usakA praveza karavAne vAloM meM do, pramukha AcArya
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________________ jainajJAnamImAMsA kA vikAsa / 263 . haiM--AryarakSita aura umAsvAti / AryarakSita ne anuyoga kA prArambha paMcavidha jJAna ke sUtra se kiyA hai| unhoMne pramANa kI carcA jJAna guNa pramANa ke antargata kI hai| isakA niSkarSa hai ki pramANamImAMsA kA maulika AdhAra jJAnamImAMsA hI hai / umAsvAti ne pahale pA~ca jJAna kI carcA kI hai phira jJAna pramANa hai isa sUtra kI racanA kI hai| yaha nirvivAda satya hai ki jJAna mImAMsA kA jitanA vizada nirUpaNa jaina darzana meM huA hai utanA anya darzanoM meM nahIM huaa| nandI, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, Avazyaka niyukti, SaTkhaNDAgama, kaSAyapAhuDa, jJAnabinduprakaraNa Adi granthoM meM jaina jJAnamImAMsA kA vizada nirUpaNa huA hai| jaina jJAnamImAMsA meM jJAna ke pratyakSa evaM parokSa ye do vibhAga pracalita hai| ye vibhAga uttarakAlIna hai| prAcIna kAla meM jJAna ke pA~ca prakAra hI kiye gaye haiN| unakA pratyakSa, parokSa jaisA koI vibhAga nahIM hai| pramANa ke sAtha pratyakSa kA prayoga prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM meM milatA hai| parokSa zabda kA prayoga jaina jJAna mImAMsA athavA jaina pramANa mImAMsA ke atirikta kisI anya darzana meM nahIM milatA hai| jJAnamImAMsA ke sandarbha meM 'parokSa' zabda kA prayoga jaina Agama yuga kI viziSTa dena hai| . ___ Abhinibodhika jJAna aura zrutajJAna ye donoM jJeya ko sAkSAt nahIM jAnate isalie inheM parokSa mAnA gayA hai| dArzanika yuga pramANa mImAMsA ke yuga meM parokSa zabda kA prayoga aspaSTa jJAna ke artha meM huA hai| AMgama yuga meM prayukta parokSa ke artha kA dArzanika yuga meM vistAra huA hai| saMdarbha 1. jJAnabindu prakaraNa ( bhUmikA) 2. Agamayuga kA jainadarzana .
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________________ matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna jJAna kA kSetra bahuta vyApaka hai / usase mUrta evaM amUrta donoM prakAra ke tattva jAne jAte haiN| pratyakSa evaM parokSa donoM prakAra ke viSayoM kA avabodha jJAna ke dvArA hotA hai| jaina darzana meM mati Adi pAMca jJAna prasiddha haiN| unameM kevalajJAna ko chor3akara zeSa cAra jJAna mAtra mUrta dravyoM ke hI grAhaka haiM / kevalajJAna mUrta-amUrta sabhI viSayoM kA jJAtA hai| prathama cAra jJAna kSAyopazamika haiM, unameM jJAnAvaraNa karma kA AvaraNa sarvathA kSINa nahIM hotaa| kevalajJAna kSAyika hai / vahI AtmA kA vizuddha rUpa hai| jJAna, darzana aura AcAra isa tripadI meM jJAna kA sthAna prathama hai kintu samyak zabda kA yoga hote hI jJAna kA sthAna dUsarA evaM zraddhA kA sthAna prathama ho jAtA hai| jJAna aura darzana eka hI sikke ke do pahala haiN| ___jJAna AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa hai / jJAna ke abhAva meM AtmA kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| AcArAMga meM to jJAna evaM AtmA ke advaita ko sthApita kiyA hai|' vyavahAra naya ke AdhAra para AtmA aura jJAna kA bheda hai evaM nizcaya naya se AtmA aura jJAna meM koI bheda nahIM hai| nyAya vaizeSika darzana jJAna ko AtmA kA Agantuka guNa mAnatA hai kintu jaina darzana jJAna ko AtmA kA maulika guNa mAnatA hai / saMsArI avasthA meM AtmA kA jJAna jJAnAvaraNa karma se AvRtta rahatA hai| anAvRtta jJAna eka haikevalajJAna / AvRtta-dazA meM usake cAra vibhAga hote haiM / AvRtta-anAvRtta donoM prakAra ke jJAnoM ko milAne se jJAna ke pAMca prakAra ho jAte haiM--mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyava evaM kevala / mati evaM zruta ye do jJAna nyUnatama rUpa se sabhI jIvoM ke hote haiN| matijJAna ____pAMca jJAnoM meM yaha prathama jJAna hai / Agama meM matijJAna ko Abhinibodhika jJAna kahA gayA hai| karma siddhAnta meM jaba jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke pAMca bheda Ate haiM taba matijJAnAvaraNa kA prayoga hotA hai| kintu paMca jJAna vibhAga meM prAyaH Agama meM mati ke sthAna para Abhinibodhika jJAna isa zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM bhI jJAna prabheda meM Abhinibodhika zabda kA prayoga huA hai| vidvAn mati zabda ko prAcIna evaM Abhinibodhika prayoga ko arvAcIna mAnate haiN| indriya evaM mana kI
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________________ matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna / 265 sahAyatA se utpanna honevAlA yaha matijJAna parokSa jJAna ke antargata hai / yadyapi anuyogadvAra evaM nandI sUtra meM indriyaja jJAna ko indriya pratyakSa svIkAra kiyA hai| tathA vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke kartA ne usa indriya pratyakSa ko sAMvyAvahArika pratyakSa hI mAnA hai|" paramArthataH to vaha parokSa hI hai| vizeSa draSTavya bindu yaha ki jinabhadragaNi ne indriya ke sAtha mana se utpanna ko bhI saMvyavahAra pratyakSa meM svIkAra kiyA hai jabaki nandI Adi sUtroM meM mana kA grahaNa nahIM hai, mAtra pAMca indriyoM kA hI grahaNa hai| mana se utpanna jJAna ko parokSa hI mAnA hai| vAcaka umAsvAti ne indriya pratyakSa bheda ko hI svIkRti nahIM dii| indriyaja ko parokSa jJAna hI mAnA hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki indriya jJAna ko pratyakSa svIkAra karanA laukika paramparA kA anusaraNa hai| Agamika paramparA meM sabhI jaina cintakoM ne use parokSa hI mAnA hai| ___Abhinibodhika jJAna ko paribhASita karate hue vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kahA gayA hai-arthAbhimukha niyata bodha ko abhinibodha mAnA gayA hai tathA abhinibodha hI Abhinibodhika jJAna hai| arthagrahaNa karane meM pravaNa ko arthAbhimukha evaM nizcita avabodha ko niyata bodha kahA jAtA hai / jaise rasa Adi kA apoha karake yaha rUpa hI hai aisA avadhAraNAtmaka arthAbhimukha jJAna hI Abhinibodhika jJAna hai|" bhadrabAhukRt Avazyaka niyukti evaM nandI sUtra meM Abhinibodhika jJAna ke eka jaise paryAyavAcI nAma prApta haiM / " vahAM para IhA, apoha, vImaMsA, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA, saMjJA, smRti, mati evaM prajJA ina sabako Abhinibodhika kahA gayA hai| vizeSAvazyaka meM niyukti kA yahI zloka uddhRta hai|" tattvArthasUtrakAra ne mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA evaM abhinibodha ko ekArthaka mAnA hai| AcArya akalaMka kucha atirikta paryAya zabdoM ko aura jor3a dete haiM jaise--pratibhA, buddhi, upalabdhi Adi / AcArya umAsvAti ne prathama bAra matijJAna kI paribhASA tattvArtha sUtra meM dii| isase pUrva mati ke paryAyavAcI nAma milate haiM kintu paribhASA upalabdha nahIM hai / indriya evaM mana se utpanna honevAlA jJAna matijJAna hai| umAsvAti ne apane svopajJa bhASya meM matijJAna ko do prakAra kA batalAyA hai--1. pAMca indriyoM se sparza Adi viSayoM meM honevAlA tathA 2. manovRtti evaM oghajJAna ko anindriya mAnA hai| siddhasenagaNi ne indriya evaM mana donoM kI saMyukta kriyA se bhI matijJAna ( mAnA hai / yaha nimitta kI apekSA se matijJAna ke bheda haiM / sarvAMgINa dRSTi se avalokana karane para matijJAna ke cAra prakAra ho jAte haiM-1. mAtra indriya se utpanna, 2. kevala mana se, 3. indriya evaM mana donoM se, tathA 4. indriya evaM mana donoM kI sahAyatA ke binA utpanna / prathama tIna ke avagraha Adi bheda hoNge| caturtha ke autpattikI Adi cAra
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________________ 266 / ArhatI-dRSTi buddhiyAM / cAra buddhiyoM kI utpatti meM mana evaM indriya kI apekSA nahIM hai / yaha prAtibhajJAna matijJAna ke bheda-prabheda AgamoM meM matijJAna ko avagraha Adi cAra bhedoM meM yA zrutanizrita Adi do bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai tadanantara unake prabheda prApta haiM / vAcaka ne sthAnAMga aura nandI sUtra meM prApta zruta-nizrita evaM azruta-nizrita"ye bheda nahIM kiye haiM tathA digambara paramparA meM bhI ye bheda upalabdha nahIM hote| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki mati ke ye bheda prAcIna nahIM hai| umAsvAti ne avagraha ke bahu-bahuvidha Adi bheda kie haiM jo nandI Adi meM nahIM hai tathA sthAnAMga meM bahu Adi kA parigaNana krama bheda se hai| jabaki tattvArtha meM bahu-bahuvidha Adi ke pratipakSI bhedoM kA bhI saMgrahaNa hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM mati ke Agama meM Agata zruta-nizrita, azruta-nizrita tathA tattvArthagata bahu-bahuvidha Adi bhedoM kA bhI ullekha hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki bhASyakAla taka pahuMcate-pahuMcate matijJAna ke ye donoM prakAra ke bheda pratiSThita ho gaye the ataH kSamAzramaNa jI ne donoM . paramparAoM kA ullekha apane bhASya meM kara diyA hai| , . - matijJAna ke maulika bhedoM kA kathana vAcaka ne utpatti ke nimitta ke AdhAra para kiyA hai|26 .. matijJAna ke do bheda-indriya nimitta, anindriya nimitta vizeSAvazyaka meM bhI indriya aura mana ko mati kI utpatti meM kAraNa mAnA hai|" avagraha, IhA, avAya evaM dhAraNA-ye mati ke cAra bheda haiN| vizeSAvazyaka meM mati ke zruta-nizrita evaM azrutanizrita bheda karake unake avagraha Adi cAra-cAra bheda kiye haiN| indriya nimitta matijJAna ke caubIsa bheda hote haiM 1. sparzanendriya ke 5 + vyaMjanAvagraha, arthAvagraha, IhA Adi 2. rasanendriya ke 5 + vyaMjanAvagraha, arthAvagraha, IhA Adi 3. ghANendriya ke 5 + vyaMjanAvagraha, arthAvagraha, IhA Adi 4. zrotrendriya ke 5 + vyaMjanAvagraha, arthAvagraha, IhA Adi 5. cakSurindriya ke 4 = 24 / anindriya (mana) ke 4 + = 28 / cakSu evaM mana ye do aprApyakArI haiM, ataH inake vyaMjanAvagraha nahIM haiN| cAra indriyAM hI prApyakArI matijJAna ke ina aThAIsa bhedoM se bahuvidha kSipra, anizcita, asaMdigdha evaM dhruva ina chaH bhedoM se guNita karane para (28 46) = 128 / bheda hote haiM tathA ina chaH ke
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________________ matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna / 267 hI pratipakSI alpa-alpavidha Adi chaha aura bheda hone se bAraha ho jAte haiM / aTThAIsa ko bAraha se guNita karane para matijJAna ke 336 (tIna sau chattIsa) bheda ho jAte haiN|" nandIkAra matijJAna ke zrutanizrita evaM azrutanizrita do bheda karate haiM / phira bhI matijJAna ko aTThAIsa bhedavAlA hI batAyA hai| isase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki autpattikI Adi cAra buddhiyoM ko mati meM samAviSTa karane ke lie usake do bheda to kiye parantu prAcIna paramparA meM usakA sthAna na hone se mati bhI 28 bhedavAlA hI svIkAra kiyaa| anyathA cAra buddhiyoM ko milAne se to mati ke 32 bheda ho jAte / mati ke 28 bhedavAlI paramparA sarvamAnya hai, kintu 28 bhedoM kI svarUpa racanA meM do paramparAeM milatI haiN| eka paramparA avagraha abhedavAdiyoM kI hai / isameM vyaMjanAvagraha kI arthAvagraha se bhinna gaNanA nahIM hotI, isalie zrutanizrita mati ke 24 bheda aura azruta nizrita ke 4-isa prakAra mati ke 28 bheda ho jAte haiN| dUsarI paramparA jina bhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa kI hai| isake anusAra avagraha Adi catuSTya azrutanizrita aura zrutanizrita mati ke sAmAnya dharma haiM isalie bheda gaNanA meM donoM kA samAhAra ho jAtA hai| matijJAna ke 28 bheda siddha ho jAte haiN| avagrahAdi catuSTya kA vizleSaNa avagraha laukika pratyakSa, Atma pratyakSa kI bhAMti samartha pratyakSa nahIM hotaa| isalie isameM kramika jJAna hotA hai / isa krama meM sarvaprathama avagraha AtA hai / indriya aura padArtha kA yoga hone para darzana ke pazcAta honevAlA sAmAnya grahaNa avagraha kahalAtA hai|" indriya evaM artha kA ucita deza Adi meM avasthAnAtmaka sambandha hone para vizeSa ke ullekha se rahita sattA mAtra kA jJAna darzana kahalAtA hai / darzana ke pazcAt anirdezya sAmAnya vastu kA grahaNa avagraha kahalAtA hai| niyuktikAra ne rUpa Adi padArtha ke grahaNa ko avagraha kahA hai| bhASyakAra avagraha ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki jisameM sampUrNa vizeSa antarnihita hai tathA jisakA kisI prakAra se nirdeza nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, vaha sAmAnyagrAhI avagraha kahalAtA hai| nandI sUtra meM avagraha ke paryAyavAcI kA ullekha hai| avagrahaNatA, upadhAraNatA, zravaNatA, avalambanatA tathA medhA ye nandI meM Agata avagraha ke paryAyavAcI hai|"tttvaarth sUtra meM avagraha, graha, grahaNa, Alocana evaM avadhAraNa ye avagraha ke ekArthaka haiM / " avagraha do prakAra kA hai--vyaMjanAvagraha evaM arthaavgrh|" arthAvagraha kA pUrvavartI jJAna vyApAra, jo indriya aura artha ke saMyoga se utpanna hotA
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________________ 268 / ArhatI-dRSTi hai| vaha vyaMjanAvagraha hai / yaha avyakta pariccheda hai| jisake dvArA artha prakaTa hotA hai| jaise dIpaka ke dvArA ghaTa vaha vyaMjana hai tathA upakaraNa indriya evaM zabda Adi rUpa pariNata dravya ke sambandha ko bhI vyaMjana kahA jAtA hai| nandI sUtra meM mallaka (sikorA) evaM supta vyakti ke dRSTAnta se vyaMjanAvagraha hai evaM arthAvagraha ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| arthAvagraha eka sAmayika hai| vyaMjanAgraha asaMkhya sAmayika hai / "vyaMjanAvagraha kAla meM bhI jJAna hotA hai kintu vaha sUkSma aura avyakta hone se upalabdha nahIM hotaa| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM vyaMjanAvagraha ke svarUpa kA vistAra se varNana karane ke pazcAt arthAvagraha kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| arthAvagraha ko naizcayika evaM vyAvahArika batAyA gayA hai tathA usake viSaya, samaya Adi kA bhI vistRta vivecana huA hai| IhA ___ avagraha ke dvArA jJAta artha ko vizeSa rUpa se jAnane kI icchA IhA hai| avagraha ke bAda saMzaya jJAna hotA hai| yaha kyA hai--zabda yA sparza? isake anantara hI jo sat artha kA sAdhaka vitarka uThatA hai yaha zrotra kA viSaya hai 'isalie zabda honA cAhie' 'zabdena bhAvyam' / avagraha ke dvArA jJAta padArtha ke svarUpa kA nizcaya karane ke lie vimarza karanevAlA jJAna krama IhA hai|" isakI vimarza paddhati anvaya-vyatireka pUrvaka hotI hai| jJAta vastu ke pratikUla tathyoM kA nirasana aura anukUla tathyoM kA saMkalana kara IhA usake svarUpa nirNaya kI paramparA ko Age bar3hAtI hai| avagraha meM artha ke sAmAnya rUpa kA grahaNa hotA hai aura IhA meM usake vizeSa dharmoM kA paryAlocana zurU ho jAtA hai| AbhogaNatA, mArgaNatA, gaveSaNatA, cintA evaM vimarza ye IhA ke ekArthaka nandI meM upalabdha haiN|" umAsvAti ne IhA, Uha, tarka, parIkSA, vicAraNA aura jijJAsA ko ekArthaka mAnA hai| IhA kA kAlamAna antarmuhUrta hai|" avAya Ihita artha kA vizeSa nirNaya avAya hai| avAya kI sthiti meM jJAna niNIMta ho jAtA hai / madhura snigdha Adi guNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa yaha zaMkha kA hI zabda hai, zRMga kA zabda nahIM hai / isa prakAra kA vizeSa jJAna avAya hai / 'vavasAyaM ca avArya' yaha niyukti kA kathana hai / nandI meM AvartanatA, pratyAvartanatA, avAya, buddhi, vijJAna ye avAya ke ekArthaka batAye haiN|" tattvArtha bhASya meM avAya ke lie apagama, apanoda, apavyAdha, apeta, apagata, apaviddha, apanuta, zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai|" avAya ke lie apAya zabda bhI vizeSa pracalita hai / apAya niSedhAtmaka hai, avAya vidheyAtmaka
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________________ matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna / 269 hai / avAya kA kAlamAna bhI antarmuhUrta hai / eka vastu ke jJAna meM avizeSita sAmAnya kA jJAna karAnevAlA naizcayika avagraha hai tathA avAya ke dvArA eka tathya kA nizcaya hone ke pazcAt phira tatsambandhI dUsare tathya kI jijJAsA hotI hai, taba pahale kA avAya vyAvahArika arthAvagraha bana jAtA hai| yaha krama jaba taka jijJAsAeM zAnta nahIM hotI taba taka calatA rahatA hai| dhAraNA avAya meM jo nizcita jJAna hotA hai, usakI avasthiti dhAraNA hai| dhAraNA ko smRti kA hetu kahA gayA hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM dhAraNA ko tribhedAtmaka kahA hai| dhAraNAkAla meM jo satata upayoga calatA hai, use avicyuti kahA jAtA hai| upayogAntara hone para dhAraNA vAsanA ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAtI hai| yahI vAsanA kAraNa vizeSa se ubuddha hokara smRti bana jAtI hai|" nandI sUtra meM dhAraNA ke lie dharaNA, dhAraNA, sthApanA, pratiSThA, koSThA ina zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai|" umAsvAti ne pratipatti, avadhAraNA, avasthAna, nizcaya, avagama evaM avabodha zabda ko dhAraNA kA paryAyavAcI mAnA hai| dhAraNA saMkhyeya evaM asaMkhyeya kAla taka raha sakatI hai| avagraha Adi kA krama vibhAga ___ avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA kA na utkrama hotA hai aura na vytikrm| arthagrahaNa ke bAda hI vicAra ho sakatA hai, vicAra ke bAda hI nizcaya aura nizcaya ke bAda hI dhAraNA hotI hai| isalie IhA avagrahapUrvaka, avAya IhApUrvaka aura dhAraNA avAyapUrvaka hotI hai / avagraha Adi paraspara bhinna bhI hai aura abhinna bhI hai| ye eka vastu viSayaka jJAna kI dhArA ke avirala rUpa haiM, phira bhI unakI apanI vizeSa sthitiyAM haiM jo unheM eka-dUsare se pRthak karatI haiN|" (1) asAmastyena utpatti-eka ke utpanna hone para dUsarA utpanna ho hI yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| jJAna kA krama, avagraha, IhA kahIM para bhI ruka sakatA (2) apUrvApUrva prakAza-ye eka hI vastu ke naye-naye pahaluoM para prakAza DAlate haiN| isase eka bAta aura bhI spaSTa hotI hai ki apane-apane viSaya meM ina sabakI nirNAyakatA hai, isalie ye saba pramANa haiN| .. (3) kramabhAvitva-inakI dhArA anta taka cale, yaha koI niyama nahIM hai| kintu jaba taka calatI hai taba krama kA ullaMghana nahIM hotA hai, IhA huI hai to
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________________ 270 / ArhatI-dRSTi yaha nizcita hai usase pUrva avagraha ho cukA hai| aparicita vastu ke jJAna meM isa krama kA sahaja anubhava hotA hai| paricita vastu ko jAnate samaya hameM isa krama kA spaSTa bhAna nahIM hotA hai, isakA kAraNa hai jJAna kA Azu utpAda / " vahAM bhI krama nahIM TUTatA / avagraha Adi meM paraspara kArya-kAraNa bhAva hai| pUrva-pUrva pramANa hai, uttara-uttara phala hai| jaise avagraha pramANa evaM IhA usakA phl| yaha krama anumAna taka kramazaH calatA rahatA hai / 65 laukika pratyakSa jJAna prakriyA laukika pratyakSa, Atma pratyakSa kI bhAMti samartha pratyakSa nahIM hotA, isalie isameM kramika jJAna hotA hai / vastu ke sAmAnya darzana se lekara usakI dhAraNA taka kA krama isa prakAra hai * jJAtA aura jJeya vastu kA ucita snnidhaan-vyNjn| * vastu ke sarvasAmAnya rUpa kA bodha-darzana / * vastu ke vyaktiniSTha sAmAnya rUpa kA bodha-avagraha / * vastu svarUpa ke bAre meM anirNAyaka vikalpa-saMzaya / * vastu svarUpa kA parAmarza-vastu meM prApta aura aprApta dharmoM kA paryAlocana / IhA-nirNaya cessttaa| * vastu svarUpa kA nirnny-avaay| * vastu svarUpa kI sthira avagati yA sthiriikrnn-dhaarnnaa| pratyakSa jJAna kI prakriyA meM zabdabheda bhale hI ho para vicArabheda kisI kA nahIM hai| nyAya-vaizeSika Adi vaidika darzana tathA bauddha dArzanikoM kA yahI mantavya hai ki jahAM indriyajanya evaM manojanya pratyakSa jJAna hotA hai vahAM sabase pahale viSaya aura indriya kA sannikarSa, tatpazcAt nirvikalpa jJAna Adi jo jaina prakriyA meM avagraha Adi kA krama hai usI rUpa se zabdabheda se pratyakSa prakriyA ko prastuta kiyA hai| pratyakSa prakriyA kA tulanAtmaka vivecana jaina-jainetara darzanoM ke pariprekSya meM bar3A mahattvapUrNa ho sakatA hai| upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI ne jJAna bindu meM darzanAntarIya paribhASA ke sAtha avagraha Adi kI tulanA kI hai| vaisI tulanA anya kisI jaina grantha meM prApta nahIM hai / nyAya darzana meM pratyakSa jJAna kI prakriyA kAraNAMza, vyApArAMza, phalAMza evaM paripAkAMza ina cAra bhedoM meM vibhakta hai| upAdhyAyajI ne vyaMjanAvagraha, arthAvagraha Adi purAtana jaina paribhASAoM ko ina cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta karake yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki jainetara darzana meM jo pratyakSa kI prakriyA hai vahI zabdAntara se jaina darzana meM hai| upAdhyAyajI ne
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________________ matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna / 271 vyaMjanAvagraha ko kAraNAMza, arthAvagraha tathA IhA ko vyApArAMza, avAya ko phalAMza aura dhAraNA ko paripAkAMza mAnA hai|67 buddhicatuSTya ___ matijJAna ke zruta-nizrita evaM azruta-nizrita bheda sarvavidita haiM / vyavahAra kAla se pUrva jo buddhi zruta parikarmita thI kintu vyavahArakAla meM jo zrutAtIta hai usako zrutanizrita matijJAna kahA jAtA hai, jo sarvathA zrutAtIta hai vaha azruta-nizrita matijJAna hai|8 avagraha, IhA, zrutanizrita evaM azrutanizrita ubhayarUpa haiM / sthAnAMga meM yaha vivecana hai| nandI meM azruta nizrita ke autpattiqI Adi cAra bheda kiye gaye haiN|" jinabhadragaNi ne avagraha, IhA Adi ko zruta-nizrita, azruta-nizrita, ubhayarUpa svIkAra kiyA hai| bhASyakAra ne autpattikI Adi buddhi ke bhI avagraha, IhA Adi svIkAra kiye haiN| murge ko binA dUsare murge ke yoddhA banAnA hai| isa prasaMga ke vizleSaNa meM AcArya jinabhadragaNi ne buddhiyoM ke avagraha Adi ko ghaTita kiyA hai / " . autpattikI. autpattikI Adi cAra buddhiyAM adhyayana evaM zikSA se prApta nahIM hotI kintu svataH sphurita hotI haiM / yaha prakRti kA upahAra hai / Avazyaka niyukti meM autpattikI buddhi ko vivecita karate hue kahA gayA jo buddhi pUrva meM adRSTa, azruta vastu ke svabhAva ko tatkAla jJAta kara letI hai tathA usakA vaha Akalana satya hI hotA hai| nandI meM bhI niyukti ke isI mata ko uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| dIpikA meM bhI adRSTa evaM azruta artha ko grahaNa karanevAlI ko autpattikI buddhi kahA gayA hai| vainayikI vinaya kA artha hai vidhipUrvaka zikSA / zikSA se utpanna honevAlI buddhi vainayikI kahalAtI hai| guru ke prati vinaya zuzrUSA ke nimitta honevAlI buddhi bhI vainayikI hai| vainayikI buddhi kaThina kArya ko niSpAdita karane meM samartha hai tathA dharma, artha evaM kAma kA zAbdika evaM Arthika hArda ko samajhatI hai / ihabhava-parabhava donoM ke lie hitAvaha hotI hai| kArmikA "karmasamutthA kArmikI' karma kA artha hai abhyAsa / abhyAsa karate-karate jo buddhi paidA hotI hai vaha kArmikI kahalAtI hai| upayoga se jisakA sAra paramArtha dekhA jAtA .
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________________ 272 / ArhatI-dRSTi hai, abhyAsa aura vicAra se jo vistRta banatI hai aura jisase prazaMsA prApta hotI haiM vaha karmajA buddhi kahalAtI hai| pAriNAmikI ___ pariNAmajanitA pAriNAmikI avasthA bar3hane ke sAtha-sAtha jo nAnA prakAra ke anubhava hote haiM, unase utpanna honevAlI buddhi pAriNAmikI kahalAtI hai| anumAna, hetu-dRSTAnta se kArya ko siddha karanevAlI, Ayu ke paripakva hone se puSTa, loka.hitakArI tathA mokSarUpI phala pradAna karanevAlI buddhi pAriNAmikI hai| ina cAroM kA sAmAnya tattva eka hI hai ki ye zruta se prApta nahIM hotIM / svataH sphUrta, seMvA, vinaya, abhyAsa tathA vayapariNati se kramazaH prApta hotI haiM / mati ke smRti Adi bheda ____mati ke do sAdhana haiM--indriya aura mana / mana dvividha dharmA hai--avagraha Adi dharmavAn / isa sthiti meM mati do bhAgoM meM baMTa jAtI hai--saMvyavahAra-pratyakSa mati aura parokSa mati / " saMvyavahAra pratyakSa kA vivecana ho cukA hai aba parokSAtmaka mati kA vivecana karanA kAmya hai| - parokSa mati ke cAra bheda haiM-smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka, anumaan| ... smRti-vAsanA kA udbodha hone para utpanna honevAlA 'vaha' isa AkAravAlA jJAna smRti hai| smRti atIta ke anubhava kA smaraNa hai / dhAraNA rUpa saMskAra ke jAgrata hone para tat' isa ullekhavAlI mati smRti kahalAtI hai / yathA-vaha rAjagahI Adi / jaina darzana meM smRti ko pramANa mAnA gayA hai| jainetara sabhI dArzanika gRhItagrAhI yA artha se utpanna na hone se isako pramANa nahIM mAnate / jaina ke anusAra smRti avisaMvAdI jJAna hai ataH yaha pramANa hai| pratyabhijJA-anubhava aura smRti se utpanna yaha vahI hai, yaha usake samAna hai, yaha usase vilakSaNa hai, yaha usakA pratiyogI hai, isa prakAra kA saMkalanAtmaka jJAna pratyabhijJA kahalAtA hai| pratyabhijJA ko dUsare zabdoM meM tulanAtmaka jJAna, upamita karanA yA pahacAnanA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| pratyabhijJA meM do arthoM kA saMkalana hotA hai usameM pratyakSa aura smRti saMkalana, pratyakSa-pratyakSa kA saMkalana evaM smRti kA bhI saMkalana ho sakatA hai| usake tIna rUpa banate haiM1. (ka) yaha vahI nirgrantha hai| (kha) yaha usake sadRza hai|
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________________ matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna / 273 (ga) yaha usase vilakSaNa hai| (gha) yaha usase choTA hai| * pahale AkAra meM nirgrantha kI vartamAna avasthA kA atIta ke sAtha saMkalana hai, isalie yaha ekatva pratyabhijJA hai| * dUsare AkAra meM dRSTa-vastu kI pUrva dRSTa-vastu se tulanA hai, ataH yaha sAdRzya pratyabhijJA hai| * tIsare AkAra meM dRSTa vastu kI pUrva dRSTa vastu se vilakSaNatA hai, ataH yaha vaisAdRzya pratyabhijJA hai| cauthe AkAra meM dRSTa vastu pUrva dRSTa vastu kI pratiyogI hai, ataH yaha pratiyogI pratyabhijJA hai| 2. do pratyakSoM kA saMkalana--isameM donoM jJAna pratyakSa hote haiM--yaha isake sadRza hai, yaha isase vilakSaNa hai, yaha isase choTA hai| 3. do smRtiyoM kA saMkalana, isameM donoM parokSa haiM--vaha usake sadRza hai, vaha usase vilakSaNa hai, vaha usase choTA hai| tulanAtmaka jJAna cAhe vaha kisI bhI prakAra kA kyoM na ho, pratyabhijJA ke antargata samAviSTa ho jAtA hai / jaina darzana meM pratyabhijJA ko pramANa mAnA gayA hai| .. tarka-upalambha, anupalambha nimitra vyAptijJAna tarka hai / - "upalambha kA artha hai-liMga ke sadbhAva se sAdhya ke sadbhAva kA jJAna / dhUma liMga aura agni sAdhya hai| anupalambha kA artha hai-sAdhya ke abhAva meM sAdhana ke abhAva kA jJAna / jahAM agni nahIM hotI vahAM dhUma bhI nahIM ho sakatA / vyApti ke lie tarka Avazyaka hai| tarka ko Uha bhI kahate haiN| ___ anumAna-sAdhana se sAdhya kA jJAna honA anumAna hai|" sAdhana kA artha hai hetu yA liMga, sAdhana ko dekhakara usake avinAbhAvI sAdhya kA jJAna karanA anumAna hai| yathA-dhUma se agni kA anumAna karanA / pratijJA, hetu, dRSTAnta, upanaya evaM nigamana ye anumAna ke pAMca aMga hai| svArtha evaM parArtha ke bheda se anumAna ke do prakAra haiN| matijJAna ke pratyakSa evaM parokSa svarUpa para vicAra-maMthana kiyA gyaa| aba zrutajJAna para vicAra-vimarza prastuta prasaMga meM vAMchita hai| zrutajJAna . prAcIna jaina paramparA meM zrutajJAna kA sambandha mAtra AgamoM se thaa| yadyapi usake svarUpa meM bAda meM parivartana hotA AyA hai parantu Agama yuga meM jina pravacana ko hI hotA pramANa
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________________ 274 / AhatI-dRSTi zrutajJAna kahA jAtA thaa| tattvArthabhASya meM pradatta usake paryAyavAcI zabdoM se isakA spaSTa avabodha ho jAtA hai| zrutamAptavacanamAgama upadeza aitihamAmnAya: pravacana jinavacanamityanAntaram / AgamoM ke jJAna ko bhI zrutajJAna kahA jAtA hai / AcArya umAsvAti ne zrutajJAna ko matipUrvaka mAnA hai tathA usake aMgabAhya evaM aMgapraviSTa ye do bheda mAne haiM / aMga bAhya ke aneka prakAra haiM tathA aMga praviSTa ke 12 bheda haiN|" ina do bhedoM meM sampUrNa jaina vAGgamaya samAviSTa ho jAtA hai / jaina dharma kA yaha vizvAsa hai ki Agama sampUrNa satya ke saMgrAhaka haiM / vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM zruta kI vyutpatti karate. hue kahA gayA jo AtmA ke dvArA sunA jAtA hai athavA zrutajJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se sunA jAtA hai ityAdi zruta ke vyutpattiparaka artha upalabdha hote haiN|" indriya aura mana ke nimitta se utpanna honevAlA zrutAnusArI jJAna jo svayaM meM pratibhAsita ghaTa-paTa Adi padArthoM ko dUsaroM ko samajhAne meM samartha hotA hai, yaha zrutajJAna hai| jJAnabindu meM bhI zrutAnusArI ko zruta kahA hai tathA dhAraNAtmaka jJAna ke dvArA vAcya-vAcaka sambandha saMyojanA se jo jJAna hotA hai vaha zrutAnusArI hai| vahI zrutajJAna hai| jaba zrutAnusArI ko zrutajJAna kahA gayA taba zaMkA upasthita karate hue pUchA gayA ki yadi zabdollekhI zrutajJAna hai taba to matijJAna kA bheda avagraha hI matijJAna hogaa| zeSa IhA Adi.zrutajJAna ho jAyeMge kyoMki ve bhI zabdollekha se yukta haiM ataH matijJAna kA lakSaNa avyApta evaM zrutajJAna kA lakSaNa ativyApta doSa se dUSita hogaa| samAdhAna kI bhASA meM AcArya ne kahA ki IhA Adi sAbhilApa hai kintu sazabda hone mAtra se ve zrutajJAna nahIM haiM kyoMki jo zrutAnusArI sAbhilApa hai vahI zrutajJAna hai| ataH matijJAna ke IhA Adi bheda sAbhilApa hone para bhI zrutAnusArI nahIM haiM ataH ve zrutajJAna ke antargata nahIM A skte| ataH donoM jJAnoM ke lakSaNa doSamukta haiM / sAbhilApa avagraha Adi zrutanizrita matijJAna haiM, ve zrutAnusArI nahIM haiM / matijJAna sAbhilApa evaM anabhilApa ubhayaprakAra kA hai| kintu zrutajJAna to sAbhilApa hI hotA hai / dravyazruta ke anusAra jo dUsare ko samajhAne meM samartha hotA hai, vaha zrutajJAna hai|" zrutajJAna ko parapratyAyanakSama mAnA gayA hai| __zrutajJAna ko zrutAnusArI svIkAra kiyA gayA taba zaMkAkAra ne zaMkA upasthita kI hai ki yaha lakSaNa avyApta doSa se dUSita hai| kyoMki zrutAnusArI zrutajJAna ekendriya ke nahIM ho sktaa|" kyoMki unake mana Adi sAmagrI nahIM hai jabaki Agama meM ekendriya ke do jJAna mAne haiN| samAdhAna dete hue kahA gayA unake dravyazruta nahIM hai kintu bhAvazruta haiN| kAraNa vaikalya ke kAraNa unake dravyazruta nahIM hai kintu
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________________ matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna / 275 zrutAvaraNakSayopazama rUpa bhAvazruta hai / yaha tathya sarvajJa kathita hai tathA latA Adi meM AhAra, bhaya, parigraha, maithuna Adi saMjJA hotI hai| una saMjJAoM ke cihna unameM spaSTa dekhe jAte haiM / punaH zaMkA upasthita karate hue kahA gayA bhAvazruta to bhASA evaM zrotalabdhivAn ke ho sakatA hai anya ke nahIM hotaa| ekendriya ke na bhASA hai na zrotalabdhi hai ataH usake bhAvazruta kaise ho sakatA hai| AcArya mahattvapUrNa samAdhAna dete hue kahate haiM ki jaise dravyendriya ke abhAva meM bhI ekendriya ke sUkSma bhAvendriya kA jJAna hotA hai, vaise hI pRthvI Adi ke dravyazruta kA abhAva hone para bhI bhAvazruta ho sakatA hai|" vRttikAra spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki kevalI ko chor3akara saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke atistoka bahu, bahutara Adi tAratamya se dravyendriya ke na hone para bhI pAMcoM hI labdhi indriyoM ke AvaraNa kA kSayopazama hotA hai| ataH pRthvI Adi aikendriya ke bhAvendriya ke samAna bhAvazruta hotA hai / isa prasaMga meM vRttikAra ne bahuta rocaka DhaMga se pRthvI Adi meM pAMcoM bhAvendriyoM kA sadbhAva udAharaNapUrvaka prastuta kiyA hai| zrutajJAna ke bheda . Avazyaka niyukti meM zrutajJAna ke bhedoM kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki loka meM jitane pratyeka akSara haiM, jitane una akSaroM ke saMyoga haiM utanI hI zrutajJAna kI prakRtiyAM haiN| saMyukta aura asaMyukta ekAkSaroM ke ananta saMyoga hote haiM tathA pratyeka saMyoga ke ananta paryAya hote haiN| abhidheya padArtha ananta hai to abhidhAna svataH hI ananta ho jAte haiN| ananta kA kathana sambhava nahIM hai phira bhI usake akSara, saMjJI Adi caudaha bheda kiye jAte haiM / 01 nandI meM akSarazruta ko tIna prakAra kA batAyA hai1. saMjJAkSara, 2. vyaMjanAkSara evaM 3. labdhyakSara / akSara kA saMsthAna yA AkRti (arthAt jo vibhinna lipiyoM meM likhe jAte haiM) ko saMjJAkSara kahA jAtA hai / uccAraNa kiye jAnevAle akSara vyaMjanAkSara haiM / akSaralabdhi se yukta vyakti ke labdhyakSara utpanna hote haiM, ve pAMca indriya evaM mana se utpanna hote haiM / 102 bhASya meM labdhi akSara ko vyAkhyAyita karate hue kahA jo akSara (prApti kI kAraNa bhUta) labdhi hai vahI labdhyakSara haiM / indriya evaM mana ke nimitta se utpanna zrutagranthAnusArI vijJAnarUpa zrutopayoga evaM tadAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama ye donoM labdhyakSara hai / 03 saMjJAkSara evaM vyaMjanAkSara dravyazruta haiM evaM labdhi-akSara bhAvazruta haiM / "prathama do prakAra ke akSara to paudgalika haiM, vAstavika zruta to labdhyakSara hai aura yaha labdhyakSara pAMcoM meM se kisI bhI indriya evaM mana se utpanna ho sakatA hai| jaba yaha zabda rUpa hai to zrotra
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________________ 276 / AhatI-dRSTi se, varNa rUpa hai to cakSu se, gandha rUpa hai to ghANa se, rasa rUpa hai to rasana se, sparza rUpa hai to sparzana se utpanna hotA hai / ye sAre akSara zruta haiM / ucchvAsita, niHzvasita, niSThabhUta, kAsita Adi anakSara zruta haiM / bhASya meM zrutajJAna ke ina bhedoM kA vistAra se varNana huA hai| mati evaM zruta kI sahagAmitA ___ AcArya umAsvAti ke anusAra zruta nizcita rUpa se matipUrvaka hotA hai| ataH jahAM zruta hai vahAM mati Avazyaka hai| kintu jahAM matijJAna ho vahAM zruta ho hI yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| nandIkAra ne mati aura zruta ko anyonyAnugata mAnA hai| jahAM mati hai vahAM zruta hai evaM jahAM zruta hai vahAM mati avazyameva hai| pUjyapAda devanandi evaM akalaMka bhI nandI ke vicAroM se sahamata haiM / prazna hai ki matyupayoga aura zrutopayoga kA sahabhAva hai yA labdhi kaa| do upayoga eka sAtha nahIM ho sakate haiM / labdhi eka sAtha ho sakatI hai / DaoN. TATiyA ne sambhAvita samAdhAna prastuta karate hue kahA hai-saMbhava . hai umAsvAti kA kathana upayoga evaM nandI kA kathana labdhi para AdhArita hai| mati evaM zruta kA bhedAbheda .. abheda-matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna kA sahabhAva mAnA gayA hai| una donoM meM kaI apekSAoM se abhinnatA hai / mati tathA zrutajJAna svAmI, kAraNa, kAla, viSaya evaM parokSatA ke kAraNa paraspara tulya hai| "mati evaM zrutajJAna kA svAmI eka hai / nandI meM kahA bhI hai--'jattha mainANaM tattha suynaannN| donoM kI sthiti bhI samAna hai| nAnA jIvoM kI apekSA inakA uccheda kabhI nahIM hogA tathA eka jIva kI apekSA 66 sAgara se kucha adhika kAlamAna ina donoM kA hai / indriya evaM manolakSaNa tathA svAvaraNa kSayopazama svarUpa donoM kA kAraNa bhI eka jaisA hai| mati evaM zrutajJAna kA viSaya parimita paryAyoM se yukta saba dravya hai|11 paranimitta se hone se ye donoM parokSa haiN| ye tathya inakI paraspara abhinnatA ke hetu haiM / paMca jJAna krama meM ina donoM kA prathama nyAsa isalie kiyA gayA hai ki saMsAra kA koI bhI prANI, atIta meM na aisA huA, vartamAna meM na hai aura bhaviSya meM na hogA jisako matizruta se pahale hI avadhi Adi jJAna prApta ho gaye hoN| ina donoM jJAnoM kA sadbhAva hone para hI anya jJAna ho sakate haiM / 12 zruta se pUrva mati nyAsa ke hetuoM kA vivecana karate hue AcArya kahate haiM ki zrutajJAna matipUrvaka hI hotA hai / indriya anindriya nimitta se utpanna sArA hI matijJAna hai kevala paropadeza evaM Aptavacana se utpanna zrutajJAna mati kA hI bheda hai| mati mUlaMbhUta hai ataH usakA hI Adi meM nyAsa ucita hai| isI prakAra anya ucita kAraNoM ke dvArA anya jJAnoM ke
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________________ matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna / 277 paurvAparya kA kathana bhASya meM huA hai / 14 mati-zruta bheda prAcIna karmazAstra meM jJAnAvaraNa kI prakRtiyoM ke ullekha ke samaya matijJAnAvaraNa evaM zrutajJAnAvaraNa ina do prakRtiyoM kA pRthak-pRthak ullekha hai ataH spaSTa hai ki prAcIna paramparA meM donoM ko pRthak svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| Aja bhI unakA vahI svarUpa svIkRta hai, parantu ina donoM kA svarUpa paraspara itanA sammizrita hai ki inakI bheda-rekhA sthApita karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM inakI bheda-rekhA sthApita karane ke tIna prayatla hue haiM 1. Agamika, 2. Agama AdhArita tArkika, evaM 3. taarkik| 1. Agamika paramparA meM indriya mano janya jJAna avagraha Adi bheda vAlA matijJAna thA tathA aMgapraviSTa evaM aMga bAhya rUpa meM prasiddha lokottara jaina-zAstra zrutajJAna kahalAte the| anuyoga dvAra evaM tattvArtha meM pAyA jAnevAlA zrutajJAna kA varNana isI prathama prayala kA phala hai / 15 prAcIna paramparA meM aMga, upAMga se bhinna veda, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, zabda, saMsparza se yukta-rahita sArA jJAna matijJAna kahalAtA thaa| ... 2. Agama mUlaka tArkika prayatna meM mati zruta ke bheda ko to svIkAra kara liyA kintu unakI bhedarekhA sthira karane kA vyApaka prayala kiyA gyaa| prathama paramparA jo mAtra Agama ko hI zrutajJAna mAnatI thii| isa dUsarI paramparA ne Agama ke atirikta ko bhI zrutajJAna mAnA evaM zrutajJAna kI spaSTa paribhASA dI / kSamAzramaNajI ne bhASya meM zruta evaM mati ko vibhakta karate hue kahA-indriya aura mana se utpanna honevAlA zrutAnusArI jJAna jo svayaM meM pratibhAsita ghaTa, paTa Adi padArthoM ko dUsaroM ko samajhAne meM samartha hotA hai vaha bhAvazruta hai| zeSa matijJAna hai| nandIkAra ne matizruta ko anyonyAnugata mAnA hai tathA nandI meM kisI AcArya ke mata ko uddhRta karake kahA gayA hai -'maipuvvaM jeNa suyaM na maI suypubviyaa| "mati zruta kI isa bhedarekhA ko mAnakara umAsvAti ne ise aura bhI adhika spaSTa kiyA hai| utpanna, avinaSTa, arthagrAhI, vartamAnagrAhI maMtijJAna hai evaM zrutajJAna kA trikAla viSaya hai / vaha utpanna, vinaSTa evaM anutpanna artha kA grAhaka hai|isii bhedarekhA ko AcArya jinabhadra ne aura puSTa kiyA hai| mati-zruta kI bhinnatA ko prakaTa karate hue kahA gayA hai lakkhaNabheA heUphalabhAvao bheyindiyvibhaagaa| vAga-kkhara-mue-yarabheA bheo maisuyANaM // 19
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________________ 278 / ArhatI-dRSTi (1) mati evaM zrutajJAna kA lakSaNa pRthak-pRthak hai / mati zrutAnusArI nahIM hotA jabaki zrutta zrutAnusArI hI hotA hai| (2) matijJAna hetu hai tathA zruta usakA phala, kArya hai| (3) matijJAna ke 28 bheda haiM jabaki zruta ke 14 bheda haiN| (4) zrutajJAna ko zrotrendriya kA viSaya kahA gayA hai jabaki mati zrotra ke atirikta anya indriyoM kA bhI viSaya hai| (5) valka ke samAna matijJAna hai, vaha kAraNa rUpa hai| zumba ke samAna zrutajJAna hai, jo kArya rUpa hai| (6) mUka ke samAna mati amUka sadRza zruta hai| . . (7) mati anakSara evaM zruta akSarAtmaka hotA hai ityAdi aneka prakAra unake pArasparika bhinnatA ke ginAye gaye haiN| 3. zuddha tArkika -matizruta ke bAre meM tIsarI dRSTi ke janaka siddhasena divAkara . haiN| unhoMne matizruta ke bheda ko hI amAnya kara diyaa| 'vaiyarthyAtiprasaMgAbhyAM na matyabhyadhikaM shrutm|12deg unakA mAnanA hai ki zrutajJAna matijJAna meM hI antarbhUta ho : jAtA hai| usako pRthak mAnanA kalpanAgaurava hai| arthAt jaba zrRtajJAna kA jo kArya batAyA gayA hai, vaha mati se sampAdita ho jAtA hai, taba zruta ko pRthak mAnane se vyarthatA. evaM ati prasaMga ye doSa upasthita ho jAte haiM / divAkara zrI kI yaha zuddha tArkika paramparA hai| jinabhadragaNi Agamika AcArya haiM, phira bhI inhoMne bhI jJAna krama ke varNana ke samaya zrutajJAna ko matibheda ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / 21 unake isa kathana kA siddhasena ke vicAra Aloka meM cintana karane para nayA tathya upalabdha ho sakatA hai| zrutajJAna prakriyA zrutajJAna utpatti kA krama isa prakAra hotA hai1. bhAvazruta-vaktA ke vacanAbhimukha vicAra / 2. vacana-vaktA ke lie vacanayoga aura zrotA ke lie drvyshrut| . 3. mati-matijJAna ke prArambha meM honevAlA matyaMza-indriya jJAna / 4. bhAva-zruta-indriya jJAna ke dvArA hue zabdajJAna evaM saMketa jJAna ke dvArA honevAlA artha-jJAna / 22 . vaktA bolatA hai vaha usakI apekSA vacanayoga hai, zrotA ke lie vaha bhAvazruta kA sAdhana hone ke kAraNa dravyazruta hai| eka vyakti kA zrutajJAna dUsare vyakti ke lie zrutajJAna banatA hai| usase pUrva usa prakriyA ke do aMza hote haiM-dravyazruta aura matyaMza /
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________________ matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna / 279 eka vyakti ke vicAra ko dUsare vyakti taka le jAne ke do sAdhana haiM--vacana aura saMketa / vacana evaM saMketa ko grahaNa karanevAlI indriyAM haiN| zrotA apanI indriyoM se unheM grahaNa karatA hai phira vaktA ke abhiprAya ko samajhatA hai / vaha zrotA kA bhAvazruta bana jAtA hai| ___mati evaM zrutajJAna paraspara kArya-kAraNa bhAva se rahate haiN| saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke kama se kama do jJAna to avazya rahate haiM / jaina darzana ke jJAna-mImAMsIya cintana kA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa matizruta jJAna ke pariprekSya meM mahattvapUrNa ho sakatA hai| saMdarbha 1. rAyapaseNiyaM sU. 739 2. tatvArtha sU. 1/1 3. je AyA se vinAyA, je vinAyA se AyA AcArAMga 5/104 4. samayasAra zlo. 6-7 5. anyayogavyavacchedikA, kA. 8, 6. naMdI sUtra sU. 34 7. vizeSAvazyaka bhA. gA. 79, C. Studies in Jain philosophy, P. 30 9. tadindriyA'nindriyanimittam tatvA. sU. 1/14, 10. naMdI sU., 5 11. iMdiyamaNobhavaM jaM taM saMvavahArapaccakkhaM // vizeSA. bhA. gA. 95 12. se kiM taM iMdiyapaccakkha..... naMdI sU.5 se 13. atthAbhimuho niyaoboho... vi. bhA. gA. 80 * ba. atthAbhimuho Niyatobodha..... naMdI cUrNi. pR. 13 14. vi. bhA. he. vR. gAthA, 80 15. IhA apoha vImAMsA, maggaNA ya gvsnnaa| . sanA-saI-maI-pannA, sav AbhiNibo hiyaM // naMdI sU. 54/6 16. vizeSA. bhA. gAthA-396 17. mati: smRti: saMjJA ciMtA'bhinibodha itynaantrm| tatvA. sU. 1/13 18. tatvA. rA. vA. 1/13
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________________ 280 / ArhatI-dRSTi 19. tatvArtha sU. 1/14 20. tatvArtha bhASya 1/14 21. naMdI sUtra, 37, 22. sthAnAMga 6/61-64 23. 'bahubahuvidhakSiprAnizritAsaMdigdhadhruvANAM setarANAm' / tatvArtha sU. 1/16 24. vizeSa. bhA. gAthA. 177 25. jaM bahu-bahuviha-khippA-'nissiya nicchiya-dhuve-yara vibhinnA va. bhA. gA. 307 26. tatvArtha sU. 1/14 27. vibhA. gA. 177, 95 28. 'avagrahahAvAyadhAraNA:' tatvA. 1/15 29. vizeSA. bhA. gA. 204 39. vi. bhA. gA. 307 31. naMdI sU. 51 32. vi. bhA. gA. 301-302 33. cauvairittAbhAvA jamhA na tmogghaaiio| bhinnaM teNoggahAisAmaNNao tayaM taggayaM ceva // vi. bhA. gA. 303 34. (ka) akSArthayoge drshnaantrmrthgrhnnmvgrhH| pramANa mI. 1/1/26 (kha) indriyArthayoge darzanAnantaraM sAmAnyagrahaNamavagrahaH / jai. si. dI. 2/11 35. atthANaM uggahaNaM avaggahaM, vi. bhA. gA. 179 36. sAmaNNatthAvaggaNamuggaho, vi. bhA. gA. 180 37. naMdI sUtra, 43 38. tatvArtha bhASya, 1/15 39. (ka)uggahe duvihe paNNatte. atthuggahe ya vaMjaNuggahe y| naMdI sU. 40, (kha) 'arthsy'| 'vyaMjanasyAvagraha' tatvA. sU. 1 / 17-18, (ga) tatthoggaho durUvo gahaNaM jaM hoi vNjnn-tthaannN| vi. bhA. gA. 193, 40. jai. si. dI, pR. 2/12 41. vaMjijjai jeNattho ghaDo vva dIveNa vaMjaNaM taM ca / / uvagaraNiMdiyasaddAipariNayaddavvasaMbaMdho // vi. bhA. gA. 194
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________________ matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna / 281 42. naMdI sU. 53-54 43. uggaha ikkaM samayaM / naMdI sU. 34/3 44. asaMkhejjasamayapaviTThA puggalA ghnnmaagcchNti| naMdI sU. 52, 45. vyaMjanAvagrahakAlepi'jJAnamastyeva, sUkSmAvyaktatvAt tu nopalabhyate suptaavyktvijnyaanvt| sthAnAMga vR. patra. 47 46. vi. bhA. gA. 282-83 47. avagRhItArthavizeSakAkSaNamIhA pramANanayatatvAloka. 28 48. (ka) amukena bhAvyamiti pratyaya iihaa| jai. si. dI. va. 2/13 (kha) taha viyAlaNaM iihN| _ vi. bhA. gA. 179 (ga) iya sAmaNNaggahaNANatarabhIhA sdNtthviimNsaa| vi. bhA. gA. 289 49. naMdI sU. 45 50. 'IhA UhA tarka: parIkSA vicAraNA jijJAsetyanarthAntaram' tatvA. bhA. 1/15 51. naMdI sU. 50 52. iihitvishessnirnnyo'vaay:| pramANa mI. 1/1/28 53. maharAiguNattaNao saMkhasseva tti jaM na sNgss| viNNANaM so'vAo aNugama-vairegabhAvAo // vi. bhA. gA. 290 54. naMdI sU. 47 55. tatvA. bhA. 1/15 56. naMdI sU. 50 57. smRtiheturdhaarnnaa| pramANa mI. 1/1/29 58. tayaNaMtaraM tayatthAviccavaNaM jo ya vaasnnaajogo| kAlaMtare ya jaM puNaraNusaraNaM dhAraNA sA u|| vi. bhA gA. 291 59. naMdI sU. 49 60. tatvArtha bhA. 1/15 61. naMdI sU. 50 62. vi. bhA. gA. 295-96 63. bhikSu nyAya karNikA 2/14 64. vahI, 2/15 65. vahI, 6/16 66. jaina darzana-manana-mImAMsA, pR. 518
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________________ 282 / ArhatI-dRSTi 67. darzana aura cintana, pR. 422/jJAnabindu. pR. 41,60, 62. 68. puvvaM suyaparikammiyamaissa jaM saMpayaM suyAIyaM / taM nissiyamiyaraM puNa aNissiyaM maicaukkaM taM // vi. bhA. gA-169 69. naMdI sU. 38 70. vi. bhA. gA.303-4 71. kiha paDikukkuDahINo jujhe biMbeNa vaggaho, iihaa| ... kiM susiliTThamavAo dappaNasaMkaMtabimba ti // . vi. bhA. gA. 304 72. puvadiTTha-massuya bhavai ya, tkkhnnvisuddhghiytthaa| avvAhaya-phalajogA, buddhi uppattiyA nAma // A. ni. gA.933 73. adRSTAzrutArthagrAhiNI autpttikii| jai. si. dI. 2/17 74. vinayasamutthA vainyikii| jai. si. dI. 2 /18 75. bhara nittharaNa-samatthA tivagga-suttattha-gahiya peyaalaa| ubhao loga phalavAI viNayasamutthA havaI buddhi / / A. ni. gA. - 937 76. jai. si. dI. 2/19 77. uvaogadiTThasArA kmmpsNgprigholnnvisaalaa| . sAhukAra phalavaI kammasamutthA havai buddhi // Ava. ni. gA. -940 78. jai. si. dI. 2/20 79. aNumAna-heu-diTThatasAhiA, vy-vivaag-prinnaamaa| . hiya-nisseyasa phalavaI buddhi pariNAmiyA nAma / A. ni. gA. 942 80. jaina darzana manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 587 81. vAsanobodhahetukA tadityAkAra smRtiH| pramANa. mI. 1/2/3 82. bhikSu nyAya karNikA 3/5 83. anubhavasmRtisaMbhavaM tadevedaM tatsadRzaM tadvilakSaNaM tatpratiyogItyAdi saMkalanaM prtybhijnyaa| bhikSunyAyakarNikA 3/6 84. upalambhAnulambhanimittaM vyaaptijnyaanmuuhH| pramANa mImAMsA 1/2/5 85. saadhnaatsaadhyjnyaanmnumaanm| bhi. nyAya ka 3/8 86. sthAnAMga sU. 2/104 87. tatvArtha bhA. 1/20 88. zrutaM matipUrvadvayanekadvAdazabhedam / tatvArtha sU. 1/20
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________________ matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna / 283 89. taM teNa tao tammim va suNei so vA suaM tenn| vi. bhA. gA. 8 90. iMdiya-maNonimittaM jaM viNNANaM suyaannusaarennN| niyayatthuttisamatthaM taM bhAvasuyaM maI sesaM // vi. bhA. gA. 100 91. zrutaM tu zrutAnusAryeva zrutAnusAritvaM ca dhAraNAtmakapadapadArthasambaMdhaprati sNdhaanjnyjnyaantvm| jJAna bi, pR. 24 92. vi. bhA. vR. gA. 100 93. dravyazrutAnusArI parapratyAyanakSama shrutm| jaina si. dI. 2/23. 94. vizeSA. bhA. gA. 101 95. egindiyA niyamaM duyannANI, taM jahA - maiannANI ya suyaannANI y| 96. vi. bhA. gA -101 97. vahI, -102 98. vahI, -103 99. patteyamakkharAiM akkharasaMjogajattiyA loe| .. evaiyA suyanANe payaDIo hoti nAyavvA // Ava. ni. gA. -17 100.vi. bhA. gA -445-46 101. akkhara saNI sammaM sAIyaM khalu sapajjavasiyaM ca / gamiyaM aMgapaviTuM tata vi ee sapaDivakkhA // A. ni. gA. -19 102 naMdI sUtra -56 . 103. jo akkharovalaMbho sA laddhI, taM ca hoi viNNANaM / - iMdiyamaNonimittaM jo yaavrnnkkhovsmo|| vi. bhA, gA. -466 104. davvasuyaM saNNA- vaMjaNakkharaM, bhAvasuttamiyaraM tu| vi. bhA. gA -467 105. UsasiyaM, nIsasiyaM, nicchuDhaM khAsiyaM ca chIyaM ca / nissiMghiya - maNusAraM, aNakkharaM cheliaaiiaN|| ___naMdI sU. 60/1, Ava. ni. ga:-50 106. zrutajJAnasya tu matijJAnena niyata: sahabhAvastatpUrvakatvAt yasya tu ___ matijJAnaM tasya zrutajJAnaM syAdvA na veti // tatvA. bhA. 1/31 107. naMdI sU. -35 108. Studies in Jain Philosophy I. 55 1.09. jaM sAmikAla-kAraNa-visaya-parokkhattaNehiM tullaaiN|| vi. bhA. gA. 85, . 110. naMdI sU. - 35
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________________ 284 / ArhatI-dRSTi . 111. matizrutayornibandha: srvdrvyessvsrvpryaayessu| tatvArtha sU. 1/27, 112. vi. bhA. gA. -85 113. maipuvvaM jeNa suyaM teNAIe maI, visiTTho vaa| ... maibheo ceva suyaM to maisamaNaMtaraM bhaNiyaM // . vi. bhA. gA. -86 114. vi. bhA. gA. -87-88 115. tatvArtha sUtra - 1/20 116. vi. bhA. gA. -100 117. naMdI sUtra -35 118. tatvArtha bhASya - 1/20 119. vi. bhA. gA. -96 120. nizcayadvAtriMzikA, 12 121. vi. bhA. gA -86 122. jainadarzana ma. mI. pa. 493 123. vi. bhA. vR. gA. -99
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________________ avadhijJAna jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta Ananda evaM ananta zakti-sampanna hai / pratyeka AtmA meM ananta catuSTya vidyamAna hai / AtmA apanI ananta jJAna-zakti ke dvArA sArvakAlika sampUrNa jJeya padArtha ko sarvAMgINa rUpa meM jAnane meM samartha hai / bandhanAvasthA meM AtmA kA yaha svarUpa jJAna AvAraka jJAnAvaraNIyakarma se AvRta rahatA hai, ataH AtmA kA vaha svarUpa prakaTa nahIM ho pAtA hai |aavRt dazA meM AtmA kA jitanA jitanA AvaraNa dUra haTatA hai, utanA hI vaha jJeya jagat ko jAna pAtI hai |jnyaan-shkti kA utanA hI AvirbhAva hotA hai jitanA AvAraka karma alaga hotA hai| mati evaM zruta jJAna kI avasthA meM AtmA padArtha se sIdhA sAkSAtkAra nahIM kara sktii| padArtha jJAna meM use AtmA se bhinna indriya mana, Aloka Adi kI apekSA rahatI hai, ataH una jJAnoM ko parokSa kahA gayA hai| kintu jaba AvaraNa virala athavA sampUrNa rUpa se haTa jAtA hai taba AtmA ko jJeya sAkSAtkAra meM bAhya sAdhanoM kI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai, ataH usa jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai |prtykss jJAna ke tIna bheda haiM 1. avadhi, 2. manaHparyava evaM 3. kevl| ina tIna ko noindriya pratyakSa bhI kahA gayA hai| prastuta prasaMga meM no kA artha hai indriya kA abhAva arthAt ye tInoM jJAna indriya janya nahIM haiN| ye jJAna kevala Atma sApekSa haiN| AtmA evaM padArtha ke madhya kisI tIsare mAdhyama kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI / indriya pratyakSa ko jaba saMvyavahAra pratyakSa kahA jAne lagA taba noindriya ko pAramArthika pratyakSa kahA jAne lgaa| noindriya pratyakSa atIndriya jJAna hai / isa koTi kA jJAna indriyoM kI sahAyatA ke binA sUkSma, vyavahita aura viprakRSTa padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra kara sakatA hai| padArtha mUrta aura amUrta do prakAra ke hote haiN| avadhi aura manaHparyava ye jJAna kevala mUrta padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra kara sakate haiN| kevala jJAna ke mUrta aura amUrta donoM prakAra ke viSaya hai| avadhijJAna aura manaHparyavajJAna kSAyopazamika hote haiM isalie ye apUrNa atIndriya jJAna kI koTi ke haiN| kevalajJAna kSAyika hai, jJAnAvaraNa ke sarvathA kSINa hone se utpanna hotA hai isalie va paripUrNa atIndriya jJAna hai /
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________________ 286 / AItI-dRSTi avadhijJAna kI paribhASA pAramArthika pratyakSa meM avadhi kA pahalA sthAna hai / jo dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA avadhi arthAt sImA se yukta apane viSayabhUta padArtha ko jAnatA hai, use avadhi kahA gayA hai| Agama meM avadhi kA nAma sImA jJAna bhI hai| adhika adhogAmI . viSaya ko jAnane se athavA parimita viSayavAlA hone se bhI yaha avadhi kahalAtA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhi kI vibhinna prakAra se vyutpatti upalabdha hai| jisa jJAna ke dvArA adhogAmI rUpI vastuoM kA vistAra se jJAna hotA hai, vaha avadhi hai |avdhi kA eka artha hai-mryaadaa| jo maryAdita dravya, kSetra, kAla Adi meM rUpI dravyoM ko jAnatA hai, vaha avadhi hai / avadhAna ko bhI avadhi kahA gayA hai arthAt sAkSAt padArtha kA pariccheda / jIva avadhijJAna se dravya ko sAkSAt jAnatA hai / avadhi kA viSaya kevala rUpI padArtha hai / avadhijJAna dharma Adi chaha dravyoM meM kevala eka pudgala dravya ko hI jAna sakatA hai| saMkSepa meM avadhijJAna ke vikAsa kI aneka koTiyAM athavA maryAdAeM haiM / isalie isakI saMjJA avadhijJAna hai / isakA sambandha avadhAna athavA praNidhAna se hai| isalie isakI saMjJA anvarthaka hai| avadhijJAna kA viSaya avadhijJAna sAvadhika jJAna hai| kevalajJAna ke samAna ananta, asIma nahIM hai| AtmA AkAza, kAla Adi amUrta padArtha usakI jJeya sImA se bAhara haiM / viziSTa avadhijJAna-sarvAdhika samasta pudgala dravya ko jAnatA hai arthAt paramANu mAtra ko bhI jAnatA hai| avadhijJAna kA viSaya saMkSepa meM dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva ke AdhAra para cAra prakAra se pratipAdita kiyA jAtA hai1. dravya kI apekSA-jaghanya ananta rUpI dravyoM ko jAnatA dekhatA hai| utkRSTa rUpa se samasta rUpI dravyoM ko jAnatA dekhatA hai| 2. kSetra kI apekSA-jaghanya aMgula kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga / utkRSTa asaMkhya kSetra tathA zakti kI kalpanA kareM to lokAkAza jaise-asaMkhya khaNDa isake viSaya bana sakate haiN| kAla kI apekSA-jaghanya-AvalikA kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhaag| utkRSTaasaMkhyakAla (asaMkhya avasarpiNI, utsarpiNI)
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________________ avijJAna / 287 4. bhAva kI apekSA jaghanya-ananta paryAya / utkRSTa-ananta bhAva avadhijJAna ' kA viSaya hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM avadhijJAna ke kSetra, kAla Adi ke khAre meM vistAra se varNana haA hai| avadhijJAna ke bheda ___ avadhijJAna ke bhedoM ke prasaMga meM bhASya meM avadhi ke saMkhyAtIta bheda batAe ge| kSetra evaM kAla kI apekSA se avadhi ke asaMkhya bheda haiM tathA dravya evaM bhAva kI apekSA se ananta bheda haiM / nandI sUtra meM avadhijJAna ke mukhya do bheda batAe gae hai--bhavapratyaya evaM kSAyopazamika / jisa avadhijJAna meM bhava arthAt janma nimitta hotA hai, vaha bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna hai, vaha deva aura nArakIya jIvoM ko prApta hotA hai / avadhi jJAnAvaraNIya ke sarvaghAtI spardhaka jo udaya meM Ae hue haiM unakA vilaya (kSaya) evaM anudIrNa kA upazama aise kSayopazama nimitta se honevAlA kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna hai |vh manuSya evaM paJcendriya tiryaJca ke hotA hai / vaha kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna guNa (vrata, tapa Adi) evaM sahaja utpanna guNa pratipannatA se hotA hai / jaise abhrAcchAdita gagana meM yathApravartita chidra se sUrya kI kiraNeM nikalakara padArthoM ko udyotita karatI haiM, vaise hI avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se avadhijJAna sahaja hI utpanna ho jAtA hai| usake lie kisI vrata, niyama Adi dvArA prayatna karane kI apekSA nahIM hotI hai |gunnvytirek (tapa, vrata Adi ke abhyAsa ke binA utpanna) avadhijJAna kA ullekha jo cUrNi meM upalabdha hai, vaha bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai |vrtmaan meM jo ghaTanAM prApta hotI haiM ki amuka vyakti girA aura bhUta-bhaviSya ko jAnane lgaa| amuka dravya ko sAmane lekara (krisTalabaoNla) aneko vyakti bhaviSyavANiyAM karate haiN| sambhava hai vaha isI prakAra ke kisI avadhijJAna kA bheda ho| nandI-sUtra meM ullekha prApta hotA hai ki udIrNa avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karmoM ke kSaya tathA anudIrNa avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karma ke upazama se kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai| vaha avadhijJAna saMkSepa meM chaH prakAra kA prajJapta hai 1. AnugAmika 2. anAnugAmika 3. varddhamAna .. 4. hAyamAna 5. pratipAti evaM 6. apratipAti /
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________________ 288 / ArhatI-dRSTi 1. AnugAmika AnugAmika kA zAbdika artha hai-anugmnshiil| yaha avadhijJAna jisa kSetra meM utpanna hotA hai usa kSetra ke atirikta anya kSetroM meM bhI vidyamAna rahatA hai / tattvArthabhASya meM ise sUrya ke prakAza aura ghaTa kI pAkajanita raktatA se samajhAyA gayA hai| isa avadhijJAna meM AtmapradezoM kI viziSTa vizuddhi hotI hai| cUrNikAra ne ise netra ke dRSTAnta se samajhAyA hai / jaise netra manuSya ke hara kSetra meM sAtha rahatA hai vaise hI AnugAmika avadhijJAna hara kSetra meM sAtha rahatA hai / vIrasena ne dhavalA meM AnugAmika avadhijJAna ke tIna prakAra kie haiM 1. kSetrAnugAmI-eka kSetra meM utpanna hokara anya kSetra meM vinaSTa nahIM hotaa| 2. bhavAnugAmI-jo avadhijJAna vartamAna bhava meM utpanna hokara anya bhava meM jIva ke sAtha jAtA hai| 3. kSetrabhavAnugAmI-yaha saMyogajanita vikalpa hai| 2. anAnugAmika . sAMkala se baMdhA huA sthita dIpa apane paripArzva meM prakAza karatA hai, anya kSetra meM usakA prakAza nahIM hotaa| vaise hI anAnugAmika avadhijJAna kSetra pratibaddha hotA hai| vaha jisa kSetra meM utpanna hotA hai, usI meM kAryakArI hotA hai / utpatti kSetra se bhinna kSetra meM vaha kAryakArI nahIM rhtaa| cUrNikArI ne batalAyA hai ki anAnugAmika avadhijJAna kI utpatti kSetra sApekSa kSayopazama se hotI hai| tattvArthabhASya meM umAsvAti ne praznAdezika puruSa ke udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai| jaise naimittika athavA praznAdezika puruSa apane niyata sthAna meM prazna kA samyak uttara de sakatA hai vaise hI kSetra pratibaddha avadhijJAna apane kSetra meM hI sAkSAt jAna sakatA hai| akalaMka ne isI kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM anAnugAmika avadhijJAna ke tIna bheda batalAe gae haiM- . 1. kSetra ananugAmI-jo kSetrAntara meM nahIM jAtA, bhavAntara meM hI jAtA hai| 2. bhava ananugAmI-jo bhavAntara meM nahIM jAtA, kSetrAntara meM hI jAtA hai| 3. kSetrabhava ananugAmI-jo kSetrAntara aura bhavAntara donoM meM hI nahIM jAtA, usI kSetra aura usI bhava se pratibaddha hotA hai| 3. vardhamAna jo avadhijJAna prApti ke anantara bar3hatA rahatA hai vaha vardhamAna kahalAtA hai|
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________________ avadhijJAna / 289 vardhamAna avadhijJAna ke do hetu batalAe gae haiM 1. prazasta adhyavasAya meM pravartana evaM 2. cAritra kI vishddhi| dhavalA ke anusAra vardhamAna avadhijJAna bar3hatA huA kevalajJAna kI utpatti ke pUrva kSaNa taka calA jAtA hai| isakA dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi ina tInoM meM antarbhAva kiyA gayA hai| 4. hIyamAna __ jo aprazasta adhyavasAyoM meM vartamAna aura aprazasta cAritra meM vartamAna hai, jo saMklizyamAna adhyavasAya aura saMklizyamAna cAritra vAlA hai, usakA avadhijJAna saba ora se ghaTatA hai / vaha hIyamAna avadhijJAna hai| dhavalA meM kahA gayA hai ki avadhijJAna utpanna hokara kRSNapakSa ke candramaNDala ke samAna vinaSTa hone taka ghaTatA hI jAtA hai / vaha hIyamAna avadhijJAna hai| isakA antarbhAva dezAvadhi meM hotA hai| paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi meM hAni nahIM hotI isalie hIyamAna kA antarbhAva usameM nahIM hotaa| 5. pratipAti jo avadhijJAna utpanna hokara nirmUla naSTa ho jAtA hai / aprazasta adhyavasAya aura saMkleza hI pratipAti ke kAraNa banate haiN| pratipAti avadhijJAna dezAvadhi hai| 6. apratipAti .. ___jo avadhijJAna alokAkAza ke eka AkAza pradeza ko athavA usase Age dekhane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai, vaha apratipAti avadhijJAna hai / apratipAti avadhijJAna kevalajJAna utpanna hone para hI vinaSTa hotA hai / paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhidonoM apratipAti SaTkhaNDAgama meM avadhijJAna ke teraha prakAra batalAe gae haiM 1. dezAvadhi, 2. paramAvadhi, 3. sarvAvadhi, 4. hIyamAna, 5. vardhamAna, 6. avasthita, 7. anavasthita, 8. anugAmI, 9. ananugAmI, 10. sapratipAti, 11. apratipAti, 12. ekakSetra, 13. aneka kssetr| ___ThANaM meM dezAvadhi kA, prajJApanA meM dezAvadhi evaM sarvAvadhi donoM kA tathA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM paramAvadhi kA ullekha milatA hai| eka kSetra; aneka kSetra kA samAveza aMtagata aura madhyagata meM ho jAtA hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM avasthita kA
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________________ 290 / ArhatI-dRSTi . ullekha milatA hai / tattvArtha bhASya meM pratipAti aura apratipAti ke sthAna para avasthita aura anavasthita kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / prajJApanA meM pratipAti, apratipAti, avasthita aura anavasthita ina cAroM kA ullekha hai| ..aisA pratIta hotA hai ki avadhijJAna ke vibhinna vargIkaraNa sApekSa dRSTi se kie gae haiM / tattvArthavArtika meM prakArAntara se avadhijJAna ke tIna bheda kie gae haiM 1. dezAvadhi, 2. paramAvadhi, 3. srvaavdhi| .. - 1.vardhamAna, 2. hIyamAna, 3. avasthita,4.anavasthita, 5. anugAmI, 6: ananugAmI, 7. pratipAti, 8. apratipAti-inakA dezAvadhi meM samavatAra kiyA gayA hai| hIyamAna aura pratipAti ina do ko chor3akara zeSa chaha kA paramAvadhi meM samavatAra kiyA gayA hai| anavasthita, avasthita, anugAmI, ananugAmI pratipAti aura apratipAti--inakA sarvAvadhi meM samavatAra kiyA gayA hai / akalaMka ne dezAvadhi aura paramAvadhi meM tIna-tIna bheda kie haiMdezAvadhi 1. jaghanya utsedhAMgula ke asaMkhyeya bhAga mAtra kSetra ko jAnane vaalaa| 2. utkRSTa sampUrNaloka ko jAnane vaalaa| . 3. ajaghanyotkRSTa (madhyama)-jaghanya aura utkRSTa kA mdhyvrtii| isake asaMkhyeya vikalpa hote haiN| paramAvadhi 1. jaghanya--eka pradeza adhika loka pramANa viSaya ko jaannevaalaa| 2. utkRSTa asaMkhyAta lokoM ko jaannevaalaa| 3. ajaghanyotkRSTa (madhyama)--jaghanya aura utkRSTa ke madhyavartI kSetra ko jAnane vaalaa| sarvAvadhi ___ utkRSTa paramAvadhi ke kSetra se bAhara asaMkhyAta loka kSetroM ko jAnane vaalaa| isake jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa koI vikalpa nahIM hote| akalaMka ke anusAra paramAvadhi dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI dRSTi se sarvAvadhi se nyUna hai, isalie paramAvadhi bhI vAstava meM dezAvadhi hI hai| phalitArtha yaha hai ki avadhijJAna ke mukhya do hI bheda haiM--sarvAvadhi aura dezAvadhi /
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________________ avadhijJAna / 291 antagata nandI-sUtra meM AnugAmika avadhijJAna ke do bheda kie gae haiN| antagata aura madhyagata / vahA~ para antagata avadhi punaH tIna prakAra kA nirdiSTa hai-purataH mArgataH evaM paarshvtH| avadhi ke ye bhedajJAtA zarIra ke jisa pradeza se jJAna ke dvArA dekhatA hai, usake AdhAra para kie gae haiM / eka dizA se jo jJAna karatA hai, usako antagata avadhijJAna kahA jAtA hai / athavA sarva AtmapradezoM meM AvaraNa vilaya se vizaddhi hone para bhI jo audArika zarIra ke kisI eka bhAga se jAnatA hai, vaha antagata avadhijJAna hai| anta zabda paryaMta kA vAcI hai 'AtmapradezAnAM paryante sthitmntgtm|' 1. purataH antagata-jo avadhijJAna audArika zarIra ke Age ke bhAga se - prakAza karatA hai| 2. mArgata: antagata-jo jJAna pIche ke pradeza ko prakAzita karatA hai, vaha mArgataH antagata AnugAmika avadhijJAna hai| . 3. pArzvata:- jo avadhijJAna eka pArzva athavA donoM pArzva ke padArthoM ko prakAzita karatA hai| vaha pArzvataH avadhijJAna hai| madhyagata jisa jJAna ke dvArA jJAtA cAroM ora ke padArthoM kA jJAna karatA hai, vaha madhyagata avadhijJAna hai / jo sarvapradezoM kI vizuddhi se sArI dizAoM se jJAna karatA hai, vaha madhyagata hai / audArika zarIra ke madhyavartI spardhakoM kI vizuddhi, saba AtmapradezoM kI vizuddhi athavA saba dizAoM kA jJAna hone ke kAraNa yaha avadhijJAna madhyagata kahalAtA hai| ___AtmA zarIra ke bhItara hai aura indriya cetanA bhI usake bhItara hai / indriya cetanA kI razmiyAM apane-apane niyata pradezoM ke mAdhyama se bAhara AtI haiM / avadhijJAna ke lie koI eka niyata pradeza yA caitanya kendra nahIM hai| usakI razmiyoM ke bAhara Ane ke lie zarIra ke vibhinna pradeza caitanyakendra hI haiM / antagata avadhijJAna kI razmiyA~ zarIra ke paryantavartI (agra, paSTha aura pArzvavartI) caitanyakendroM ke mAdhyama se bAhara AtI haiN| madhyagata avadhijJAna kI razmiyA~ zarIra ke madhyavartI caitanya kendroM-mastaka Adi se bAhara nikalatI haiN| ___ sUtrakAra ne antagata aura madhyagata avadhijJAna kA bheda svayaM spaSTa kiyA hai| unake anusAra eka dizA meM jAnanevAlA avadhijJAna antagata avadhijJAna hai aura saba .
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________________ 292 / ArhatI-dRSTi dizAoM meM jAnanevAlA avadhijJAna madhyagata avadhijJAna hai| nandI meM prApta ye jJAna ke bheda anyatra dRSTipatha meM nahIM Ate / ina bhedoM kA adhyAtma kI dRSTi se bahuta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| prekSAdhyAna meM caitanyakendra kI avadhAraNA ina bhedoM ke AdhAra para huI hai| jJAna bAhya jagat meM zarIra ke mAdhyama se prakaTa hotA hai, vaha zarIra ko karaNa banAtA hai / isa vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai / avadhijJAna ke ina bhedoM ko dekhane se digambara sAhitya meM avadhijJAna utpatti ke cihnoM kA jo ullekha hai unakA smaraNa ho jAtA hai, ina bhedoM ke sAtha unakI mahattvapUrNa tulanA ho sakatI hai| SakhaNDAgama ke ekakSetra aura anekakSetra avadhijJAna kI tulanA antagata aura madhyagata ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai| jisa avadhijJAna kA karaNa jIva ke zarIra kA eka deza hotA hai, vaha ekakSetra avadhijJAna hai / jo avadhijJAna pratiniyata kSetra kI varjanA kara zarIra ke saba avayavoM meM rahatA hai vaha anekakSetra avadhijJAna hai| cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne antagata aura madhyagata ke bIca bhedarekhA khIMcane ke lie do AdhAra prastuta kie haiM antagata - madhyagata 1. audArika zarIra ke paryaMntavIM | 1. audArika zarIra ke madhyavartI AtmapradezoM kI vishuddhi| . AtmapradezoM kI vishuddhi| 2. saba AtmapradezoM kI vizuddhi hone | 2. saba AtmapradezoM kI vizuddhi hone para para bhI eka paryanta se hone vAlA tathA | saba dizAoM ko prakAzita krnevaalaa| eka dizA ko prakAzita krnevaalaa| digambara sAhitya meM avadhijJAna ke karaNoM kA nAmollekha milatA hai| avadhijJAna kI utpatti AtmA ke unhIM pradezoM se hotI hai, jo zaMkha Adi zubhaciha vAle aMgoM meM vartamAna hote haiM tathA manaHparyAya jJAna kI utpatti AtmA ke una pradezoM se hotI hai jinakA sambandha dravya mana ke sAtha hai arthAt dravya mana kA sthAna hRdaya hI hai, isalie hRdaya-bhAga meM sthita AtmA ke pradezoM meM hI manaHparyava jJAna kA kSayopazama hai; parantu zaMkha Adi zubha cihnoM kA sambhava sabhI aMgoM meM ho sakatA hai, isa kAraNa avadhijJAna ke kSayopazama kI yogyatA kisI khAsa aMga meM vartamAna AtmapradezoM meM hI nahIM mAnI jA sktii| apitu sampUrNa zarIra meM hI hai|
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________________ avadhijJAna / 293 'savaMga aMgasaMbhavaviNhAduSpajjade jahA ohii| ___maNapajjavaM ca davvamaNAdo upajjade NiyamA / ' antagata aura madhyagata ye donoM caitanya kendroM ke gamaka haiN| inameM zaMkha Adi nAmoM kA ullekha nahIM hai / bhagavatI (8/ 103) meM vibhaMgajJAna ke saMsthAnoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| usameM aneka saMsthAnoM ke nAma upalabdha haiM, jaise-vRSabha kA saMsthAna, pazu kA saMsthAna, pakSI kA saMsthAna Adi / dhavalA meM vibhaMgajJAna ke kSetra saMsthAnoM kA ullekha milatA hai| - 'zubha saMsthAna tiryaJca aura manuSyoM ke nAbhi ke uparima bhAga meM hote haiM, nIce ke bhAga meM nahIM hote; kyoMki zubha saMsthAnoM kA adhobhAga ke sAtha virodha hai tathA tiryaJca aura manuSya vibhaMgajJAniyoM ke nAbhi se nIce giragiTa Adi azubha saMsthAna hote haiN| vibhaMgajJAniyoM ke samyaktva Adi ke phalasvarUpa avadhijJAna ke utpanna hone para giragiTa Adi azubha AkAra miTakara nAbhi ke Upara zaMkha Adi zubha AkAra ho jAte haiN| avadhijJAna se lauTakara prApta hue vibhaMgajJAniyoM ke bhI zubha saMsthAna miTakara azubha . saMsthAna ho jAte haiN|' . ... pratIta hotA hai ki zvetAmbara AcAryoM ke sAmane vibhaMgajJAna ke saMsthAna kI vyAkhyA spaSTa nahIM rhii| digambara AcAryoM ke sAmane vaha spaSTa thI / avadhijJAna aura vibhaMgajJAna donoM ke zarIragata saMsthAna hote haiN| yaha mata nirvivAda hai| SaTkhaNDAgama aura dhavalA meM karaNa yA caitanyakendra ke bAre meM vizada jAnakArI milatI hai 'khettado tAva anneysNtthaannsNtthidaa| sirivaccha-kalasa-saMkha-sotthiya-NaMdAvattAdINi saMThANANi NAdavvANi bhavati // ' isa uddharaNa se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jIva pradezoM ke kSAyopazamika vikAsa ke AdhAra para caitanyakendramaya zarIra pradezoM ke aneka saMsthAna banate haiN| pakhaNDAgama aura dhavalA meM unakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| nandIsUtra meM antagata aura madhyagata ke rUpa meM unakA spaSTa nirdeza hai / bhagavatI meM prApta vibhaMgajJAna ke saMsthAnoM ke ullekha se yaha anumAna karanA sahaja hai ki avadhijJAna se sambaddha caitanyakendroM kA nirdeza bhI Agama sAhitya meM thA kintu vaha kisI kAraNavaza vilupta ho gyaa| avadhi utpatti kSetra .. tIrthaMkara, nArakI evaM devatA ko avadhijJAna sarvAMga se utpanna hotA hai tathA manuSya evaM tiryaJcoM ke zarIravartI zaMkha, kamala, svastika Adi karaNa cihnoM se utpanna hotA
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________________ 294 / ArhatI-dRSTi hai| kSetra kI apekSA se zarIra pradeza aneka saMsthAna saMsthita hote haiN| zrIvatsa, kalaza, zaMkha, svastika, nandyAvarta Adi AkAra bhI zarIra saMsthita hote haiM / cihnoM kA AkAra niyata nahIM hotaa| jaise zarIra aura indriya Adi kA AkAra niyata hotA hai kintu avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama ko prApta hae jIvapradezoM ke karaNa-rUpa zarIrapradeza aneka saMsthAnoM se saMsthita hote haiN| eka jIva ke eka hI sthAna meM avadhijJAna kA karaNa hotA hai, aisA koI niyama nahIM hai |kisii bhI jIva ke eka, do, tIna Adi kSetra rUpa, zaMkha Adi zubha sthAna sambhava haiM / ye zubha saMsthAna tiryaJca evaM manuSya ke nAbhi se Upara ke bhAga meM hote haiM tathA vibhaMga ajJAnI tiryaJca evaM manuSya ke nAbhi ke nIce adhobhAga meM giragiTa Adi AkAravAle azubha saMsthAna hote haiM / dhavalA meM spaSTa kahA hai isa viSaya meM zAstra kA vacana nahIM hai mAtra guru upadeza se yaha tathya prApta hai| avadhijJAna kA yaha vivecana sAdhanA ke kSetra meM bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai kintu dArzanika carcA meM avadhi ke isa rUpa kI carcA upalabdha nahIM hotii| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM Avazyaka niyukti kI gAthA ko uddhRta karate hue avadhijJAna kA kSetra, saMsthAna, AnugAmikaM, avasthita Adi caudaha dRSTiyoM se tathA Rddhi ko isameM sammilita kareM to pandraha dRSTiyoM se vistRta vivecana huA hai| bhASya meM niyukti gAthA ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava evaM bhAva isa sAta nikSepoM se varNita avadhijJAna kA vistAra se varNana prApta hai / yathA1. nAma avadhi __prakRta avadhijJAna kA varNAvalI mAtra jo abhidhAna hai, vaha nAma avadhi hai / avadhi yaha abhidhAna avadhijJAna kA vacana rUpa svaparyAya hai| 2. sthApanA avadhi ____ AkAra-vizeSa ko sthApanA avadhi kahA gayA hai / avadhijJAna ke viSayabhUta dravya bhU, bhUdhara, bharata Adi kSetra tathA avadhi ke AdhArabhUta sAdhu Adi kA jo AkAra hotA hai, unakA AkAra-vizeSa hI sthApanA avadhi hai| 3. dravya avadhi ___kAyotsarga Adi kriyA meM sthita sAdhu ke avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai to vaha sAdhu athavA jisako apanA viSaya banAtA hai, ve parvata, pRthvI Adi padArtha athavA usa avadhijJAna kI utpatti meM jo sahakArI rUpa se upakAraka dravya haiM / ve saba dravya avadhi haiM / tapa, saMyama Adi avadhijJAna kI utpatti meM jo kAraNabhUta haiM unako bhI dravya avadhi jAnanA caahie|
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________________ avadhijJAna / 295 4. kSetra avadhi - nagara, udyAna Adi kSetra meM jahA~ avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha adhikaraNa bhUtakSetra kSetraavadhi kahalAtA hai tathA avadhijJAnI jitane kSetra meM sthita dravyoM ko jAnatA hai, vaha kSetra bhI kSetraavadhi hai| 5. kAla avadhi jisa prathama paurUSI Adi meM avadhi utpanna huA hai, vaha kAlaavadhi hai| 6. bhava avadhi jisa nAraka Adi bhava meM avadhijJAna utpanna huA hai, vaha nAraka Adi bhava, bhavaavadhi kahalAtA hai athavA apane yA dUsare vyakti ke atIta, anAgata jitane bhI bhava dekhatA hai, ve bhava avadhi haiN| 7. bhAva avadhi jisa kSAyopazamika bhAva meM avadhi utpanna hotA hai, vaha bhAva avadhi hai athavA jina audArika Adi pA~coM bhAvoM athavA unameM se kisI bhAva ko dekhatA hai, vaha bhAva avadhi hai| 8. saMsthAna avadhi vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM avadhijJAna ke vibhinna saMsthAnoM kA ullekha hai / jaghanya evaM utkRSTa avadhi to jitanA dekhatA hai, vahI usakA saMsthAna haiN| nAraka jIvoM kA avadhijJAna taprAkAra, bhavanapati devoM kA pallaka AkAra kA, vyantara devoM kA avadhijJAna paTahaka AkAra jyotiSa devoM kA jhallarI AkAra kA saudharma Adi kalpopanna devoM kA mRdaMga ke AkAra kA, graiveyaka devoM kA puSpa evaM anuttara devoM kA avadhijJAna yava jaise saMsthAna kA hotA hai tathA manuSya evaM tiryaJca ke avadhi ke nAnA saMsthAna haiN| saMdarbha .. 1. naMdI ( sabhASya) . .
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________________ mana : paryavajJAna jaina darzana ke anusAra viziSTa yogI apanI sAdhanA ke dvArA manogata bhAvoM ko sAkSAt jAnane kI kSamatA kA vikAsa kara letA hai / manogata bhAvoM ko jAnanevAlA yaha atIndriya pratyakSa jaina jJAna mImAMsA meM manaHparyAya athavA manaHparyavajJAna kahalAtA hai| jaba koI vyakti cintana-manana Adi mAnasika kriyAoM meM pravRtta hotA hai taba vaha eka vizeSa prakAra ke pudgaloM ko grahaNa karatA hai jinheM jaina darzana meM manovargaNA ke pudgala kahA jAtA hai| cintanakAla meM una pudgaloM kI bhI vicArAnurUpa pariNitiyA~ hotI haiM, AtmA usa pariNamana ke dvArA indriya, mana, prakAza Adi bAhya sAdhanoM kI sahAyatA ke binA bhI manogata bhAvoM ko jAna letA hai / AtmA kI usa kSamatA ko hI manaHparyavajJAna kahA jAtA hai| manaHparyavajJAna kI paribhASA . atIndriya jJAna athavA pratyakSajJAna ke tIna bhedoM meM dUsarA bheda hai-mnHpryvjnyaan| yaha jJAna manovargaNA ke mAdhyama se mAnasika bhAvoM ko jAnanevAlA jJAna hai| vyakti jo socatA hai usI ke anurUpa cintana pravartaka pudgala dravyoM ke paryAya-AkAra nirmita ho jAte haiN| mana ke una paryAyoM kA sAkSAt karanevAlA jJAna manaHparyavajJAna hai| manaHparyavajJAna kI vyutpatti karate hue kSamAzramaNa jinabhadragaNi ne likhA hai pajjavaNaM pajjayaNaM pajjAvo vA maNammi maNasoM vaa| tassa va pajjAdinnaNaM maNapajjavaM nANaM / paryava aura paryaya donoM kA artha hai-sarvatobhAvena jJAna / paryAya zabda kA artha hai sarvataH prApti / manodravya ko samagratA se jAnanA athavA bAhya vastuoM ke cintana ke anurUpa manodravya kI paryAyoM kI samagratA se prApti hI manaHparyavajJAna hai| isako manaHparyava, manaHparyaya evaM manaHparyAya jJAna kahA jAtA hai| jisa jJAnopayoga meM mana (dIrghakAlIna saMjJA) kI pUrNarUpeNa prApti ho vaha manaHparyAyajJAna hai / mana sUkSma jar3a dravya se banA huA hai| vibhinna mAnasika vyApAroM meM vaha manodravya bhinna-bhinna AkAroM meM prakaTa hotA hai arthAt amUrta vicAroM kA jo mUrtIkaraNa hotA hai, usa AdhAra para
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________________ mana : paryavajJAna / 297 cintanadhArA kA jJAna hI manaHparyavajJAna hai| ___ manaHparyavajJAna saMjJI paJcendriya ke manazcitita artha ko prakaTa karatA hai| isakA sambandha manuSya-kSetra se hai yaha guNa pratyayika hai / yaha caritravAn saMyamI ke hI hotA hai / manaHparyavajJAna ke bheda nandIsUtra meM manaHparyavajJAna ke do prakAra batalAe gae haiM--Rjumati aura vipulamati manaHparyavajJAna / manaHparyavajJAna ke ina do bhedoM kI avadhAraNA digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM jaina paramparAoM meM hai| Rjumati manaHparyavajJAna Rjumati manaHparyavajJAna dUsare ke manogata bhAvoM ko sAmAnya rUpa se jAnatA hai| nandIcUrNi ke anusAra Rjumati manaHparyavajJAna mana ke paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai kintu atyadhika vizeSaNa se viziSTa paryAyoM ko nahIM jAnatA hai| nandI cUrNikAra ne Rju kA.artha sAmAnya kiyA hai / Rjumati jJAna ke sandarbha meM sAmAnya kA artha apekSAkRta kama paryAyoM; dharmoM yA AkAroM se yukta jJAna hai| jaise koI vyakti ghaTa kA cintana karatA hai to Rjumati manaHparyavajJAna yaha to jAna hI letA hai ki amuka vyakti ghaTa kA cintana kara rahA hai para yaha nahIM jAna pAtA hai ki isa vyakti ke dvArA cintita ghaTa kA AkAra kitanA hai, yaha kisa dravya se banA huA hai, zItakAla meM banA huA hai yA grISmakAla meN| isameM anya kyA-kyA vizeSatAeM haiM |arthaat bahuta vizeSaNa viziSTatA kA abhAva hI yahAM sAmAnya athavA Rju zabda kA abhidheyArtha hai| dhavalA meM Rjumati kI vyAkhyA karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki yathArtha mana, yathArtha vacana aura yathArtha kAyika ceSTAgata artha ko viSaya banAnevAlI mati Rjumati hai| Rju kA eka artha kiyA gayA hai-vyakta / saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya se rahita mana vyakta mana kahalAtA hai / vyakta mana kA jJAna Rjumati manaHparyavajJAna hai| Rjumati cintita artha ko hI jAnatA hai / acintita aura ardhacintita artha avyakta hone se usake viSaya nahIM banate haiN| zvetAmbara sAhitya meM Rjumati manaHparyavajJAna ke upabhedoM kI carcA upalabdha nahIM hai| digambara sAhitya meM Rjamati manaHparyavajJAna ke tIna bheda kie gae haiM. 1. Rjumanogata-jo dUsare ke dvArA sphuTa rUpa se cintana kie gae artha ko sAmAnya rUpa se jAnatA hai|
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________________ 298 / ArhatI-dRSTi 2. Rjuvacanagata-jo dUsare ke dvArA sphuTa rUpa se kahe gae vacana ko sAmAnya rUpa se jAnatA hai vaha Rjuvacanagata manaHparyavajJAna hai| prazna hotA hai ki Rjuvacanagata artha ko jAnanA Rjumati manaHparyava kaise? isakA samAdhAna prastuta karate hue AcArya vIrasena ne kahA hai ki Rjuvacana kI pravRtti Rjumana ke binA nahIM ho sakatI, ataH Rjuvacanagata artha ke AdhAra para Rjumana ko jAnane kI kriyA Rjumati manaHparyavajJAna kI sImA meM A jAtI hai| 3. RjukAyagata-dUsare kI spaSTa kAyika ceSTA ke AdhAra para sAmAnya rUpa se usake mana ko jAnanA RjukAyagata jJAna hai / kAyika ceSTA mananapUrvaka hotI hai, ataH usake dvArA vArtamAnika manogata bhAvoM kA jJAna Rjamati manaHparyavajJAna hai| vipulamati manaHparyavajJAna manaHparyavajJAnAvaraNIya ke viziSTa kSayopazama se yogI parakIya manogata bhAvoM ko vizeSa rUpa se jAna letA hai, vaha pratyakSa jJAna vipulamati manaHparyavajJAna kahalAtA nandIcUrNI ke anusAra vipulamati manaHparyavajJAnI cintana meM pariNata padArthoM ko bahuta vizeSoM (paryAyoM) 2 yukta jAnatA hai| jaise kisI ne ghaTa kA cintana kiyA to vipulamati manaHparyavajJAna kevala ghaTa mAtra hI nahIM jAnegA usake deza, kAla Adi aneka paryAyoM ko bhI jAna legaa| vipulamati manaHparyavajJAnI dUsare ke dvArA grahaNa kie hue manodravya ke AdhAra para jAna letA hai ki isane jisa ghaTa kA cintana kiyA vaha svarNa nirmita hai, pATalipatra meM abhI-abhI banA hai, bar3A hai, abhI phala se Dhakakara kamare meM rakhA huA hai, isa prakAra usakA jJAna Rjumati kI apekSA baha vizeSagrAhI hotaa| siddhasenagaNi ne Rjumati ko sAmAnyagrAhI evaM vipulamati ko vizeSagrAhI batalAyA hai| unhoMne sAmAnya kA prayoga stoka ke artha meM kiyA hai| kisI vyakti ne ghaTa kA cintana kiyA Rjumati usako jAna letA hai kintu ghaTa kI aneka paryAyoM kA cintana kiyA una saba paryAyoM ko vaha nahIM jaantaa| vipulamati ghaTa ke viSaya meM cintyamAna saikar3oM paryAyoM ko jAna letA hai| vipulamati manaHparyavajJAna jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA viziSTa kSayopazama hai, jisake dvArA jJAtA apane yA dUsare ke vyakta mana se cintita athavA acintita cintA, maraNa, sukha, duHkha Adi bhAvoM ko jAna letA hai| dhavalA meM vipula kA artha vistIrNa kiyA
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________________ mana : paryavajJAna / 299 gayA hai / vIrasena ke anusAra vipulamati manaHparyavajJAna avyakta mana ko bhI jAna letA hai| avyakta mana kA abhiprAya hai-cintana meM ardhapariNata, cintita vastu ke smaraNa se rahita aura cintana meM avyApRta mana |is prakAra vipulamati manaH paryavajJAna meM kSayopazama itanA viziSTa hotA hai ki vaha Rju aura aRju rUpa se cintita, acintita yA ardhacintita, vartamAna meM vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai, atIta meM vicAra kiyA gayA thA athavA bhaviSya meM cintana kiyA jAegA, una saba arthoM ko jAna letA hai| gommaTasAra jIvakANDa ke anusAra vipulamati manaHparyavajJAnI bhUta, bhaviSyat aura vartamAna jIva ke dvArA cintana kie gae trikAlagata- rUpI padArtha ko jAnatA hai / jabaki Rjumati kevala vartamAna meM cintana kie gae padArtha ko hI jAnatA hai| digambara sAhitya meM vipulamati manaHparyavajJAna ke chaha bheda upalabdha hote haiM1. Rjumanogata-yathArtha athavA sphuTa mana ke dvArA cintana kie gae artha ko jAnanA Rjumanogata vipulamati hai| 2. Rjuvacanagata-yathArtha vANI ke vyApAra ke AdhAra para kisI ke vicAra . ko jAnanA Rjuvacanagata hai| . 3. RjukAyagata-yathArtha kAyika ceSTA se cintita artha ko jAnanA RjukAyagata hai| 4. vakramanogata-saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya mana vakra mana hai / tadgata artha ko jAnanA vakra manogata hai| 5. vakravacanagata-saMzaya Adi se yukta bhASA ke AdhAra para bhI cintita artha ko jAna lenA vakramanogata hai| 6. vakrakAyagata-saMzaya Adi se yukta kAya-vyApAra ke AdhAra para mana kA jJAna vakrakAyagata vipulamati manaHparyavajJAna hai| vakratA kA dUsarA artha vyaktatA bhI hai / vartamAna ke cintana ko jAnanA sarala hai para bhUta athavA bhaviSya ke cintana ko yathArthataH jAnanA duSkara hai kyoMki vaha utanA vyakta nahIM hotI hai| manaHparyavajJAnI bhI jJAnacetanA jaba bahuta adhika paTu ho jAtI hai, tabhI vaha bhUta aura bhaviSya meM bananevAle manodravya ke paryAyoM ko yathAvat grahaNa kara pAtA hai| Rjumati aura vipulamati mana:paryavajJAna meM antara . AcArya umAsvAti ne Rjumati aura vipulamati kA bheda batalAne ke lie vizuddhi aura apratipAta ina do hetuoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai|
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________________ Rjumati 300 / ArhatI-dRSTi vipulamati 1. vizuddha 1. vizuddhatara 2. pratipAta 2. pratipAta rahita AcArya devavAcaka ne vipulamati manaHparyavajJAna ke kSetra ko Rjumati manaHparyavajJAna ke kSetra se r3hAI aMgula adhika batAte hue cAra bhedaka vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| - abhyadhikatA-eka dizA se bar3A honA abhyadhikatA hai| jaise eka bar3A ghar3A choTe ghar3e kI apekSA jaladhAraNa kI dRSTi se abhyadhika hotA hai vaise hI Rjumati ke jJAtavya kSetra se vipulamati kA jJAtavya kSetra adhika hotA hai athavA AyAma evaM viSkambha (lambAI, caur3AI) kI apekSA kSetra kI adhikatA hI abhyadhikatA hai| 2. vipulataratA-hara dRSTi se yA saba taraha se bar3A honA vipulatA hai| bar3A ghaTa ghaTAkAza kI apekSA choTe ghaTa se bar3A hotA hai, usI prakAra Rjumati kI apekSA viplamati kA jJeya kSetra manolabdhi vAle jIva dravya ke AdhAra kI apekSA vizAla hai| 3. vizuddhataratA-jisa prakAra dIpaka TyUbalAiTa Adi prakAzaka dravya jitanI adhika prakAzaka kSamatAvAle hote haiM, padArtha utane hI spaSTa avabhAsita hote haiM / usI prakAra cAritrika vizuddhi evaM kSayopazama vaiziSTya ke kAraNa vipulamati kI jJAna kSamatA vizuddhatara hotI hai| 4. vitimirataratA bAra-bAra AvaraNa Ane se Alokita kSetra bhI timiramaya ho jAtA hai tathA jJeya kI spaSTatA meM kamI A jAtI hai| vipulamati manaHparyavajJAnI kA cAritra itanA vizuddha hotA hai ki usake punaH manaHparyavajJAnAvaraNa kA bandhana nahIM hotA tathA pUrvabaddha karma bhI vipAkodaya meM nahIM rahate, ataH vaha jJAna Rjumati kI apekSA vitigiratara-andhakArarahita hotA hai| Rjumati kevala vyakta mana ko hI jAnatA hai jabaki vipulamati avyakta mana ko bhI jAnane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai, ataH acintita, anukta aura akRta kA grahaNa agrahaNa bhI ina donoM kA bhedaka hai| manovijJAna kI bhASA meM Rjumati ko sarala manovijJAna aura vipulamati ko jaTila manovijJAna kahA jA sakatA hai| manaHparyavajJAna kA kAraNa karmazAstrIya mImAMsA ke anusAra, manaHparyavajJAna vaibhAvika jJAna hai, ataH usakA
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________________ mana : paryavajJAna / 301 kAraNa bhI mati, zruta Adi jJAnoM ke samAna kevalajJAnAvaraNa kA udaya hai| vastutaH jJAnacetanA akhaNDa hai aura jaba vaha pUrNataH anAvRta hotI hai taba kevalajJAna utpanna hotA hai| chadmastha avasthA meM kevalajJAnAvaraNa kA udaya rahatA hai| tathA isI samaya matijJAnAvaraNa, zrutajJAnAvaraNa, avadhijJAnAvaraNa evaM manaHparyavajJAnAvaraNa Adi jJAnAvaraNa prakRtiyoM kA kSayopazama hotA hai, taba una-una jJAnoM kI prApti hotI hai| jJAna ke prakaTIkaraNa meM jJAnAvaraNa ke samAna antarAyakarma kI bhI aham bhUmikA hai| isalie svAmI pUjyapAda akalaMka Adi ne manaHparyavajJAna kI utpatti meM do karmoM ke kSayopazama ko pradhAnatA dI hai| . 1. vIryAntarAya karma kA kssyopshm| 2. manaHparyavajJAnAvaraNIya kA kSayopazama / digambara mAnyatA ke anusAra jisa prakAra avadhijJAna kI utpatti zarIragata karaNa cihnoM se hotI hai, matijJAna meM indriya, mana Adi kI karaNatA svIkAra kI gaI hai, usI prakAra manaHparyavajJAna kA bhI apanA niyata karaNa hai / usa karaNa kA nAma hai mana / unake anusAra jisa prakAra indriyoM kI nivRtti ke lie aMgopAMga nAmakarma kA udaya apekSita hai, usI prakAra aSTa paMkhur3IvAle vikasita kamala ke samAna AkRtivAle mana kI nivRtti ke lie bhI aMgopAMga nAmakarma kA udaya apekSita hai| isa prakAra manaHparyavajJAna kA eka kAraNa aMgopAMga nAmakarma kA udaya bhI hai| ___zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra jisa prakAra cakSurvijJAna Aloka sApekSa hotA hai usI prakAra mana kA jJAna manovargaNA sApekSa hotA hai / manana karane meM jo pudgala prayukta hote haiM, unakI AkRtiyoM, paryAyoM ke dvArA hI manaHparyavajJAnI dUsare ke mana kA jJAna karate haiN| manaHparyavajJAna kI viSaya maryAdA - manaHparyavajJAna apramatta sAdhu ko honevAlA viziSTa jJAna hai / yaha kSAyopazamika jJAna hai ataH isakI apanI kucha maryAdAeM haiN| arUpI dravya isake viSaya nahIM banate kyoMki yaha dravya mana kI paryAyoM kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai / manaHparyavajJAna avadhijJAna se kama rUpI dravya ko jAnatA hai / AcArya umAsvAti ne manaHparyavajJAna kI viSaya maryAdA kA sAmAnya kathana karate hue batAyA hai ki isakA viSaya sarvAvadhi ke viSaya kA anantavAM bhAga hai| ___ vyAkhyAprajJapti evaM nandIsUtra meM manaHparyavajJAna kI viSaya-maryAdA kA dravya, kSetra kAla evaM bhAva ina cAra dRSTiyoM se vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| hI hai|
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________________ 302 / ArhatI-dRSTi 1. dravyadRSTi-dravya kI dRSTi se manaHparyavajJAnI manovargaNA ke ananta-ananta pradezI skandhoM ko jAnatA hai / manaHparyavajJAna ke dvArA samasta pudgalAstikAya . ko nahIM jAnA jA sakatA kyoMki usakI kSamatA ananta pradezI skandhoM ko jAnane kI hai| eka pudgala paramANu yAvat saMkhyAta pradezI aura asaMkhyAtapradezI skandha usakI viSaya sImA se bAhara hai| anantapradezI pudgala skandhoM kI ananta prakAra kI vargaNAeM mAnI gaI haiN| eka utkRSTa manaHparyavalabdhi sampanna vyakti bhI una sabakA sAkSat nahIM kara sakatA / ataH dravya kI dRSTi se Rjumati manaHparyavajJAnI anantapradezI skandhoM ko jAnatA hai aura vipulamati unheM abhyadhika rUpa meM jAnatA hai| 2. kSetradRSTi-kSetra kI dRSTi se manaHparyavajJAnI manuSya-kSetra ke bhItara ar3hAI dvIpa samudra taka pandraha karmabhUmiyoM, tIsa akarmabhUmiyoM aura chappana antIpoM meM vartamAna paryApta samanaska paJcendriya jIvoM ke manogata bhAvoM ko jAnatA-dekhatA hai / Avazyaka niyukti meM manaHparyavajJAna ko manuSya-kSetra taka sImita batAyA gayA hai| digambara paramparA meM SaTakhaNDAgama ke anusAra Rjumati manaHparyavajJAna kA jaghanya kSetra gavyUti pRthaktva evaM utkRSTa kSetra mAnuSottara parvata taka hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM pRthaktva zabda do se nau taka kI saMkhyA kA saMketa karatA hai jabaki digambara AmnAya meM vaha ATha aura nau kA vAcaka hai| kAladRSTi-kAla kI dRSTi se manaHparyavajJAnI jaghanyataH palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga atIta aura bhaviSya ko jAnatA-dekhatA hai| digambara paramparA meM manaHparyavajJAna kI kAla maryAdA kA kathana 'bhava' ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai, elyopama Adi ke AdhAra para nahIM / Rjumati manaHparyavajJAna jaghanyataH do-tIna bhavoM ko aura utkRSTataH sAta-ATha bhavoM ko sAkSAt jAna-dekha sakatA hai| vipulamati manaHparyavajJAna kAlataH kama-se-kama sAta-ATha bhavoM ko aura utkRSTaH asaMkhyAta bhavoM ko jAnane-dekhane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai| 4. bhAvadRSTi-bhAva kI dRSTi se manaHparyavajJAnI anantabhAvoM ko jAnatA dekhatA hai para ve anantabhAva saba bhAvoM ke anantaveM bhAga jitane hote haiM / vipulamati . manaHparyavajJAna kA viSaya bhI itanA hI hai, kevala vaha unheM abhyadhikatara, vizuddhatara aura vitimiratara rUpa meM jAnatA hai / tattvArthasUtra meM manaHparyavajJAna kA viSaya sarvAvadhi kA anantavAM bhAga batAyA gayA hai|
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________________ mana : paryavajJAna | 303 pramatta manaHparyavajJAnI kI arhatA nandIsUtra meM manaHparyavajJAnI ke lie navaarhatAeM nirdhArita haiM 1. Rddhi prApta, 2. apramatta, 3. saMyata, 4. samyagdRSTi, 5. paryAptaka, 6. saMkhyeyavarSAyuSka, 7. karmabhUmija, 8. garbhAvakrAMtika, 9. manuSya, dekheM yantra asvAmI svAmI amanuSya manuSya saMmUrchima manuSya garbhAvakrAntika manuSya akarmabhUmija aura antIpaka manuSya karmabhUmija manuSya asaMkhyeyavarSAyuSka manuSya saMkhyeyavarSAyuSka manuSya aparyAptaka manuSya paryAptaka manuSya mithyAdRSTi aura samyagadRSTi / samyagdRSTi manuSya asaMyata aura saMyatAsaMyata saMyata apramatta anRddhiprApta RddhiprApta gautama pUchate haiM-bhagavan ! manaHparyavajJAna manuSyoM ke utpanna hotA hai athavA manuSya itara prANiyoM ke ? bhagavAn unheM samAhita karate haiM--manaHparyavajJAna manuSyoM ke utpanna hotA hai| manuSyetara-tiryaJca, deva aura nAraka ke utpanna nahIM hotA hai / manaHparyavajJAna kevala una manuSyoM ke hI ho sakatA hai jo garbhaja, karmabhUmija, saMkhyeyavarSa AyuSyavAle paryApta arthAt sabhI paudgalika zaktiyoM-indriya, bhASA, mana Adi se yukta hote haiM tathA sAtha hI jo samyagdRSTi apramattasaMyata evaM Rddhi sampanna hote haiN| manaHparyavajJAna aura avadhijJAna meM antara / ___ manaHparyavajJAna se mana kI paryAyoM ko jAnA jAtA hai| mana kA nirmANa manodravya kI vargaNA se hotA hai| mana paudgalika hai aura manaHparyavajJAnI manovargaNA ke paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai / avadhijJAna kA viSayarUpI dravya hai aura manovargaNA ke skandha bhI rUpIdravya haiM / isa prakAra donoM kA viSaya eka hI bana jAtA hai / manaHparyavajJAna avadhijJAna kA eka avAntara bheda jaisA pratIta hotA hai| isIlie AcArya siddhasena ne avadhijJAna aura manaHparyavajJAna ko eka mAnA hai| unakI paramparA ko siddhAntavAdI AcAryoM ne mAnya nahIM kiyA hai / umAsvAti ne sambhavataH pahalI bAra avadhijJAna aura manaHparyavajJAna ke bheda-jJApaka hetuoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai-vizuddhi, kSetra, svAmI aura viSaya /
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________________ 304 / AhatI-dRSTi avadhi aura manaHparyavajJAna kA antara nimna cArTa se samajhA jA sakatA haiavadhijJAna manaHparyavajJAna - svAmI-avirata samyagdRSTi, | Rddhi sampanna apramatta saMyata / dezavirata, srvvirt| viSaya-dravya-azeSa rUpI drvy| dravya-saMjJI jIvoM kA mnodrvy|.. kSetra-pUrA loka aura aloka meM pramANa | kssetr--mnussy-kssetr| ... asaMkhyeya khnndd| kAla-asaMkhyeya avasarpiNI- | kAla-palyopama ke asaMkhyeya bhAga utsarpiNI pramANa atIta- anAgata | pramANa atIta anAgata kaal| / kaal| bhAva-pratyeka rUpI-dravya ke asaMkhyeya | bhAva-manodravya ke ananta pryaay| | pryaay| .. jisa prakAra eka phijiziyana AMkha, nAka, galA Adi ke sabhI avayavoM kI jA~ca karatA hai, usI prakAra AMkha, galA Adi kA vizeSajJa DaoN. bhI karatA hai| kintu donoM kI jA~ca aura cikitsA meM antara rahatA hai| eka hI kArya hone para bhI vizeSajJa ke jJAna kI tulanA meM vaha DaoN. nahIM A sktaa| isI prakAra manaHparyavajJAna kI tulanA meM sAdhAraNa avadhijJAna nahIM A sktaa| mana:paryavajJAna aura avadhijJAna meM sAdharmya avadhijJAna ke samAna manaHparyavajJAna bhI atIndriya pratyakSa hai| donoM hI vikalpa pratyakSa haiN| ye donoM hI jJAnarUpI padArtha ko indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA sAkSAt karane kI kSamatA rakhate haiN| arUpI padArthoM-dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAza, kAla aura karmamukta jIva ko sAkSAt karane meM donoM hI samartha nahIM haiN| jinabhadragaNi ne avadhijJAna evaM manaHparyavajJAna meM sAdharmya ke sUcaka cAra hetuoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai 1. donoM jJAna chadmastha ke hote haiN| 2. donoM jJAna kA viSayarUpI dravya hai| 3. donoM jJAna kSAyopazamika bhAva hai| 4. donoM pratyakSa jJAna hai|
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________________ mana : paryavajJAna / 305 1. chadastha sAdharmya-avadhi aura manaHparyavajJAna chadmastha ke hI hote haiM / ataH svAmI kI dRSTi se una donoM meM samAnatA hai| 2. viSaya sAdharmya-donoM hI jJAnoM kA viSaya kevalarUpI padArtha-pudgala hai| arUpI padArtha unake viSaya nahIM banate ataH donoM meM viSayakRta sAmya haiM / 3. bhAva sAdharmya-donoM hI jJAna jaina karma mImAMsA ke anusAra apane-apane karma ke kSayopazama se utpanna hote haiN| 2 4 adhyakSa kA artha hai-pratyakSa / avadhijJAna evaM manaHparyavajJAna donoM hI vikalpa pratyakSa haiN| inheM apane viSaya ko grahaNa karane meM indriya Adi bAhya upakaraNoM kI sahAyatA kI apekSA nahIM hotii| AtmA svayaM hI viSaya ko jAna letI hai| ye donoM pAramArthika pratyakSa haiN| manaHparyavajJAna aura kevalajJAna meM sAdharmya ___jaise manaHparyavajJAna apramatta yati ke hotA hai, vaise hI kevalajJAna bhI apramatta yati ke hotA hai| manaHparyavajJAna meM viparyayajJAna nahIM hotA, kevalajJAna meM viparyayajJAna nahIM hotaa| ye donoM pAramArthika pratyakSa haiM / inameM viSaya ke sAtha AtmA kA sIdhA sambandha hotA hai| mana:paryavajJAna kA viSaya : do abhimata . - paNDita sukhalAlajI ne manaHparyAya ke do matoM kI carcA kI hai-'manaHparyAya jJAna kA viSaya mana ke dvArA cintyamAna vastu hai yA cintanapravRtta manodravya kI avasthAeM haiM-isa viSaya meM jaina-paramparA meM mataikya nahIM hai / niyukti aura tattvArthasUtra vyAkhyAoM meM pahalA pakSa varNita hai; jabaki vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM dUsare pakSa kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| parantu yogabhASya tathA majjhimanikAya meM jo paracitta jJAna kA varNana hai usameM kevala dUsarA hI pakSa hai jisakA samarthana jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ne kiyA hai |yogbhaassykaar tathA majjhimanikAyakAra spaSTa zabdoM meM yahI kahate haiM ki aise pratyakSa ke dvArA dUsaroM ke citta kA hI sAkSAtkAra hotA hai, citta ke Alambana kA nahIM / yogabhASya meM citta ke Alambana kA grahaNa na ho sakane ke pakSa meM dalIleM bhI dI gaI haiN| paracitta kA sAkSAtkAra karanevAlA jJAna manaHparyavajJAna hai / yaha vyAkhyA spaSTa nahIM hai| jJAnAtmaka citta ko jAnane kI kSamatA manaHparyavajJAna meM nahIM hai| jJAnAtmaka citta amUrta hai, jabaki manaHparyavajJAna mUrta vastu ko hI jAna sakatA hai / isa viSaya meM sabhI . jaina dArzanika ekamata haiM / manaHparyavajJAna kA viSaya hai manodravya, manovargaNA ke pudgala skandha / ye paudgalika mana kA nirmANa karate haiN| mana: paryavajJAnI una pudgala skandhoM
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________________ 306 / ArhatI-dRSTi kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| mana ke dvArA cintyamAna vastu manaHparyavajJAna kA viSaya nahIM hai| cintyamAna vastu ko mana ke paudgalika skandhoM ke AdhAra para anumAna se jAnA jAtA hai / manaHparyavajJAna ke dvArA cintyamAna vastu kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| maNapajjavanANaM puNa, jnnmnnpricintiytthpaamddnnN| mANusakhettanibaddhaM guNapaccaiyaM crittvo| isa gAthA ke AdhAra para manaHparyavajJAna kA viSaya cintyamAna vastu batalAyA gayA hai| carNikAra ne isa gAthA kI vyAkhyA meM likhA hai ki manaHparyavajJAna anantapradezI mana ke skandhoM tathA tadgata varNa Adi bhAvoM ko pratyakSa jAnatA hai| cintyamAna viSayavastu ko sAkSAt nahIM jAnatA hai kyoMki cintana kA viSaya mUrta aura amUrta donoM prakAra ke padArtha ho sakate haiN| chadmastha manuSya amUrta kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM kara sakatA isalie manaH paryavajJAnI cintyamAna vastu ko anumAna se jAnatA hai| isIlie manaHparyavajJAna kI pazyattA (paNNavaNA 30/2) kA nirdeza bhI diyA gayA hai| siddhasenagaNi ne cintyamAna viSayavastu ko aura adhika spaSTa kiyA hai| unakA abhimata hai ki manaHparyavajJAna se cintyamAna amUrta vastu hI nahIM, stambha, kumbha Adi mUrta vastu bhI nahIM jAnI jaatii| unheM anumAna se hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| ____ manaHparyavajJAna se mana ke paryAyoM athavA manogata bhAvoM kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA jAtA hai| ve paryAya athavA bhAva cintyamAna viSaya-vastu ke AdhAra para banate haiN| manaHparyavajJAna kA mukhya kArya viSayavastu yA artha ke nimitta se honevAle mana ke paryAyoM kA sAkSAtkAra karanA hai| artha ko jAnanA usakA gauNa kArya hai aura vaha anumAna ke sahayoga se hotA hai| siddhasenagaNi ne manaHparyavajJAna kA artha bhAvamana (jJAnAtmaka paryAya) kiyA hai| tAtparya kI dRSTi se koI antara nahIM hai / cintana karanA dravya mana kA kArya nahIM hai| cintana ke kSaNa meM manovargaNA ke pudgala skandhoM kI AkRtiyAM athavA paryAya banate haiM ve saba paudgalika hote haiN| bhAva mana jJAna-amUrta hai / akevalI (chadmastha manuSya) amUrta ko jAna nahIM sakatA |vh cintana ke kSaNa meM paudgalika skandha kI vibhinna AkRtiyoM kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| isalie mana ke paryAyoM ko jAnane kA artha bhAva-mana ko jAnanA nahIM hotA kintu bhAva-mana ke kArya meM nimitta bananevAle manovargaNA ke pudgala skandhoM ke paryAyoM ko jAnanA hotA hai| ..
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________________ mana : paryavajJAna / 307 anya darzanoM meM atIndriya jJAna ___ avadhi aura manaHparyavadonoM atIndriya pratyakSa jJAna haiM / nyAyadarzana, vaizeSikadarzana, yogadarzana, bauddhadarzana aura jaina meM atIndriya pratyakSa kA varNana milatA hai| kintu jaina AgamoM meM jitanA vistAra ke sAtha ina donoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai, utanA anya kisI darzana meM upalabdha nahIM hai| prAcIna nyAya-darzana meM atIndriya pratyakSa kA ullekha nahIM hai| navya-nyAya meM gaMgeza upAdhyAya ne yogaja pratyakSa kA ullekha kiyA hai| vaizeSika sUtra ke prazastapAda bhASya meM viyukta-yogI-pratyakSa kA sAdhAraNa varNana milatA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki atIndriya-pratyakSa ke viSaya meM zramaNa darzanoM ne hI adhika dhyAna diyA hai| paracitta jJAna kA ullekha yogasUtra va bauddha-darzana donoM meM milatA hai| bauddha darzana bauddha-darzana ke anusAra caitoparIya jJAna yA paricitta bodha ke dvArA dUsare vyakti ke vicAroM ko par3hA jA sakatA hai| majjhimanikAya meM kahA gayA hai ki caitoparIya jJAna ke dvArA vyakti dUsare ke citta kI vibhinna dazAoM ko spaSTa rUpa se jAna letA hai ki amuka vyakti kA citta manovegapUrNa hai yA manovegarahita, sarAga hai yA vItarAga? isI prakAra citta kI vibhinna sthitiyoM-ucca, nIca, baddha, mukta Adi kA sAkSAt jJAna hI cetoparIya jJAna hai / vizuddhimagga ke anusAra isake dvArA svayaM kA bodha nahIM hotA, zeSa saba sattvoM ko jAnA jA sakatA hai| yoga-darzana ___ yogasUtra ke anusAra cittavRtti para saMyama karake yogI citta ko jAna sakatA hai| vaha jisa prakAra svacitta-vRtti para saMyama karake svacitta kA bodha kara sakatA hai, usI prakAra dUsare kI cittavRtti para saMyama karake paracita kA bodha bhI kara sakatA hai| yoga-darzana ke anusAra bhI yogI ko paracitta kA hI jJAna hotA hai, usake Alambana kA nahIM arthAt yogI yaha to jAnatA hai ki amuka vyakti kA citta rAgayukta hai athavA krodhayukta para vaha yaha nahIM jAna pAtA hai ki kisake prati rAgayukta yA krodhayukta hai| yoga-darzana ke anusAra hRdaya meM saMyama karane se bhI paracitta kA sAkSAtkAra ho sakatA hai| puNDarIkAkAra garta rUpa hRdaya deza meM saMyama (dhAraNA, dhyAna, samAdhi) karane se citta kA sAkSAtkAra sambhava hai / svahRdaya meM saMyama se svacitta aura parahRdaya meM saMyama se paracitta kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / paracitta jJAna kI dRSTi se jainamAnya manaHparyavajJAna
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________________ 308 / ArhatI-dRSTi se isakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| pAtaJjala yoga-darzana meM tArAvyUha jJAna Adi kA ullekha hai jo atIndriya jJAna ke sUcaka haiN| parAmanovijJAna meM manaHparyavajJAna jaina-darzana meM jise manaHparyavajJAna kahA jAtA hai usakI AMzika tulanA parAmanovijJAna meM pracalita dUrabodha, vicAra-sampreSaNa, vicAra-saMkramaNa (Telepathy). Adi saMjJAnoM se kI jA sakatI hai / parAmanovijJAna meM parIkSita ghaTanAeM, jo paracitta-bodha yA dUrabodha ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai, ve prAyaH mana-saMcAra se sambandhita haiM jisameM eka vyakti bahuta dUrI para sthita dUsare vyakti ke vicAroM kA grahaNa kara letA hai| adhikAMzatayA aisI ghaTanAoM meM preSaka evaM grAhaka ina donoM ke mastiSka eka viziSTa anukUla avasthA meM hone apekSita haiM jinameM preSaka ke prayatna binA hI grAhaka ne kucha grahaNa kiyA hai| jina manuSyoM meM dUrabodha kI kSamatA hotI hai ve dUsare ke vicAroM ko indriya sahayoga ke binA bhI jAna sakate haiM / vastutaH yaha eka viziSTa kSamatA hai jo sAmAnya manuSyoM meM nahIM pAI jAtI hai| apitu apavAda rUpa meM kucha viziSTa vyakti hI isake parijJAtA hote haiM aura ve binA kisI prayAsa ke sahaja hI isakA prayoga karate haiN| .. .. DaoN0. beviMka ne apanI pustaka (Anatomy of Modern Science) meM likhA hai ki-'maiM sahamata hUM ki aisA koI pratyaya hai jise dUsare vyakti ke mAnasika jIvana kI yathArtha jAnakArI kahA jA sakatA hai|' jo jJAna-indriyoM ke mAdhyama se nahIM ho sakatA evaM sampreSita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vicAra-sampreSaNa se use dUsare taka pahu~cAyA jA sakatA hai| vicAra-sampreSaNa ke prasaMga meM mArka Tvena kI ghaTanA mananIya hai / san 1906 kI bAta hai| unheM 1885 meM svayaM apane dvArA likhita evaM krizciyana yUniyana dvArA prakAzita eka lekha kI atyanta AvazyakatA huii| kintu bahuta parizrama karane ke bAvajUda ve usako prApta nahIM kara sake / yUniyana kAryAlaya bhI unakI madada nahIM kara skaa| unake vicAroM meM evaM prayatnoM meM lekha-prApti kA upakrama cala rahA thaa| dUsare dina ve nyUyArka ke phiphtha evenyU se 40vIM sTrITa ko pAra kara khar3e hI the ki eka aparicita vyakti bhAgatA huA unake pAsa pahu~cA aura kAgajoM kA eka pulindA unheM thamAte hue bolA--ye kAgaja bIsa sAla se mere pAsa hai, patA nahIM kyoM Aja subaha se mujhe aisA lagA ki inheM maiM Apako bheja duuN| maiM abhI inheM posTa karane jA rahA thA ki Apa svayaM hI mujhe mila ge|
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________________ mana : paryavajJAna | 309 mArka Tvena ne kAgajoM ko TaTolA, unako vaha lekha usameM mila gayA jisakI ve vyagratA se pratIkSA evaM khoja kara rahe the| mArka Tvena kA mata hai ki yadi aisA koI tarIkA upalabdha ho jAe jisase do mastiSkoM meM icchAnusAra sAmaJjasya sthApita kiyA jA sake to TelIphona, TelIgrAma Adi dhIme saMcAra sAdhanoM kA parityAga kara vyakti muktarUpa se vicAroM kA AdAna-pradAna kara sakatA hai| . parAmanovijJAna ke kSetra meM TelIpaithI (vicAra-sampreSaNa) ke bahuta prayoga kie jA rahe haiM evaM unameM AzcaryakArI saphalatA bhI prApta ho rahI hai / TelIpaithI ke ina prayogoM ke sAtha manaHparyavajJAna kI AMzika tulanA hI ho sakatI hai / TelIpaithI evaM manaHparyavajJAna donoM hI saMjJAtmaka haiM / inakI prakriyA meM indriya evaM anya bhautika saMsAdhanoM kI apekSA nahIM hai / ye donoM hI dezakAla kI sImAoM se nirapekSa haiM / TelIpaithI meM vicAra-sampreSita kie jAte haiM jabaki manaHparyavajJAna meM anya vyakti ke mana ko/vicAroM ko jAnA jAtA hai| vyakti jaisA cintana karatA hai usake anurUpa manovargaNA ke pudgala AkAra grahaNa karate haiM / unako manaHparyavajJAnI jAnatA hai| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki TelIpaithI Adi jJAna ko jainamImAMsA ke anusAra pUrNa manaHparyavajJAna to nahIM kahA jA sakatA kintu unako manaHparyavajJAna ke eka aMza athavA viziSTa prakAra kA jJAna svIkAra karane meM to koI bAdhA nahIM honI caahie| saMdarbha naMdI ( sabhASya)
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________________ kevalajJAna jainadarzana dvaitavAdI darzana hai / usake anusAra saMpUrNa jagat meM cetana aura acetana do mUla tatva haiM / jJAna-zakti, cetana aura acetana tattva kI vibhAjaka rekhA hai| jJAna cetanA kA guNa hai, svarUpa hai / jJAna ke abhAva meM AtmA kI parikalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| AtmA ke kevalI hone se pUrva kI avasthA meM jJAna apane AvAraka karma se AvRtta rahatA hai, ata: svarUpata: sabhI AtmAeM samAna hone para bhI unameM jJAna kA tAratamya dRSTigocara hotA hai| jJAna ke tAratamya ke AdhAra para hama indriya cetanA se yukta AtmAoM ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM-avikasita, alpavikasita evaM viksit| ekendriya jIva avikasita, doindriya se lekara asaMjJI paJcendriya taka ke jIva alpavikasita evaM saMjJI paJcendriya ko vikasita vibhAga meM samAviSTa kara sakate haiN| yadyapi ye sAre jJAna kI AvRtta dazA ke hI bheda haiM, kintu jaise-jaise AvaraNa virala hotA jAtA hai, jJAna prakAza kI mAtrA vRddhiMgata hotI jAtI hai, tathA AvaraNa kI saghanatA meM vaha jJAna mAtrA atyalpa ho jAtI hai kintu AvaraNa kitanA hI saghana kyoM na ho jAya vaha jJAna zakti ko naSTa nahIM kara sakatA, megha samUha sUrya ko kitanA hI AcchAdita kyoM na kare kintu dina-rAta kA vibheda to banA hI rahatA hai| vaise hI karma, AtmA ke jJAna guNa ko sarvathA naSTa nahIM kara sakate / jIva kA akSara ke anantaveM bhAga jitanA jJAna guNa avazya udghATita rahatA hai / naMdI kA yaha kathana isakA sAkSya hai| ___'savvajIvANaM pi ya NaM akkharassa aNaMtatamo bhAgo NiccugghADiyo citttthi| so via jai AvarijjA teNaM jIvA ajIktaNaM paavijjaa|'' kevalajJAna kI paribhASA * naMdIsUtra ke anusAra jo jJAna sarvadravya, sarvakSetra, sarvakAla aura sarvabhAva ko jAnatA-dekhatA hai, vaha kevalajJAna hai| * jo mUrta aura amUrta saba dravyoM ko sarvathA, sarvatra aura sarvakAla meM jAnatA-dekhatA hai, vaha kevalajJAna hai| * AcArya kundakunda ne nizcaya aura vyavahAranaya ke AdhAra para kevalajJAna kI paribhASA kI hai
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________________ kevalajJAna / 311 . jANadi passadi savvaM vavahAraNaeNa kevalI bhgvN| kevalaNANI jANadi passadi NiyameNa appANaM / niyamasAra bhA. 159 bRhatkalpa bhASya meM kevalajJAna ke pAMca lakSaNa batalAe gae haiM 1. asahAya- indriya mana nirapekSa / 2. eka- jJAna ke sabhI prakAroM se vilakSaNa / 3. anivarita vyApAra- avirahita upayoga vaalaa| 4. anaMta- anaMta jJeya kA sAkSAtkAra karane vaalaa| 5. avikalpita- vikalpa athavA vibhAga rahita / tattvArthabhASya meM kevalajJAna kA svarUpa vistAra se batalAyA gayA hai| vaha saba bhAvoM kA grAhaka, sampUrNa loka aura aloka ko jAnane vAlA hai| isase atizAyI koI jJAna nahIM hai| aisA koI jJeya nahIM hai jo kevalajJAna kA viSaya na ho| AcArya jinabhadragaNI ne 'kevala' zabda ke pAMca artha kiye haiM jinakI AcArya haribhadra evaM AcArya maladhArI ne isa prakAra vyAkhyA kI hai1. eka-kevalajJAna mati Adi kSAyopazamika jJAnoM se nirapekSa hai, ata: vaha eka hai| : 2. zuddha-kevalajJAna ko AcchAdita karane vAlI malinatA se sarvathA mukta hone ke kAraNa kevalajJAna sarvathA nirmala arthAt zuddha hai| _sakala-AcArya haribhadra ke anusAra kevalajJAna prathama samaya meM hI sampUrNa utpanna ho jAtA hai, ata: vaha sampUrNa arthAt sakala hai| AcArya maladhArI ke anusAra sampUrNa jJeya padArthoM ko grahaNa karane ke kAraNa kevalajJAna ko sakala kahA gayA hai| * 4. asAdhAraNa-kevalajJAna ke samAna koI dUsarA jJAna nahIM hotA, ata: vaha asAdhAraNa hai| ananta--kevalajJAna atIta, pratyutpanna evaM anAgatakAlIna anantajJeyoM ko prakAzita karane ke kAraNa ananta hai / kevalajJAna apratipAti hai ata: usakA anta na hone se vaha ananta hai| maladhArI hemacandra ne kAla kI pradhAnatA se tathA AcArya haribhadrasUri ne jJeya-dravya kI apekSA se kevalajJAna kI anantatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| aparimita kSetra evaM aparimita bhAva ko avabhAsita karane kA sAmarthya mAtra
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________________ 312 / ArhatI-dRSTi kevalajJAna meM hai| ananta dravyoM kI apekSA ananta paryAyoM ko kSAyopazamika jJAna bhI jAna sakate haiM para pratidravya ke anantAnanta paryAyoM kA sAkSAtkAra karanA kevalajJAna kA vaiziSTya hai| kevala' zabda kA ananta--yaha artha evaM isakI bahuvidha dRSTikoNoM se vibhinna vyAkhyAeM mAtra jaina sAhitya meM hI upalabdha hotI haiM, anyatra nahIM hotI haiM, isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki anantajJAna-sarvajJatA kI maulika avadhAraNA mukhyata: jaina kA hI abhyupagama hai| ukta vyAkhyAoM ke saMdarbha meM sarva dravya, kSetra-kAla aura bhAva kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra phalita hotI haisarvadravya kA artha hai- mUrta aura amUrta saba dravyoM ko jAnane vaalaa| kevalajJAna ke atirikta koI bhI jJAna amUrta kA sAkSAtkAra athavA pratyakSa nahIM kara sktaa| sarvakSetra kA artha hai- sampUrNa AkAza (lokAkAza aura alokAkAza) ko sAkSAt jAnane vaalaa| sarvakAla kA artha hai- vartamAna va ananta (sImAtIta) / atIta aura bhaviSya ko jAnane vaalaa| zeSa koI jJAna asImakAla ko nahIM jAna sktaa| sarvabhAva kA artha hai- gurulaghu aura agurulaghu saba paryAyoM ko jAnane vAlA arthAt kevalajJAna sarvatra, sarvadA, sarvathA rUpa se sarva padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| kevalajJAna ke bheda kevalajJAna AtmA kA svabhAva hai / svabhAva meM vastuta: bheda nahIM hotA / vaha kSAyika jJAna hai / kSayopazama se utpanna avasthAoM meM nyUnAdhikatA hotI haiM para kSAyikabhAva pUrNa, akhaNDa evaM sakala hotA hai, ata: usameM bheda nahIM hotaa| kevalajJAna kSAyika hotA hai ata: usameM bheda nahIM ho sakatA parantu naMdI, prajJApanA, sthAnAMga Adi sUtroM meM kevalajJAna ke bhI bheda kiye gaye haiN| isa saMdarbha meM yaha mananIya hai ki vastuta: ye bheda kevalajJAna ke na hokara kevalajJAnI ke haiM kyoMki jJAna aura jJAnI meM jJAna kA upacAra karane se kevalajJAna ke do prakAra hote haiM-1. bhavastha kevalajJAna aura 2. siddha kevalajJAna / bhavastha kevalajJAna bhavastha kevalajJAna vaha hai, jo manuSyabhava meM avasthita vyakti ke jJAnAvaraNIya
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________________ kevalajJAna / 313 Adi cAra ghAtikarmoM ke kSINa hone para utpanna hotA hai / jaba taka zeSa cAra aghAti-karma kSINa nahIM hote, taba taka vaha bhavastha kevalajJAna kahalAtA hai| bhavastha kevalajJAna ke do bheda kie gaye haiM--1. sayogibhavastha kevalajJAna / 2. ayogibhavastha kevalajJAna / kevalajJAna zarIradhArI manuSya ke hotA hai| zarIra kI pravRtti aura kevalajJAna meM koI virodha nahIM hai / upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne vAta, pitta Adi zArIrika doSa aura sarvajJatva meM virodha batAne vAle tIna matoM kA ullekha kara unakA nirasana kiyA hai| zarIra kI pravRtti se mukta ayogi avasthA meM usake virodha kA prazna hI nahIM hai| bhavastha kevalajJAna aura siddha kevalajJAna--kevalajJAna ke ye do bheda sApekSa haiM / mImAMsaka darzana kA abhimata hai ki manuSya sarvajJa nahIM ho sktaa| vaizeSika darzana kA abhimata hai ki muka meM jJAna nahIM hotaa| ye donoM abhimata jainadarzana ko svIkArya nahIM haiN| .. kevalajJAna isa svIkAra kA sUtra hai ki manuSya sarvajJa ho sakatA hai| siddha kevalajJAna isa svIkRti kA sUcaka hai ki mukta AtmA meM kevalajJAna vidyamAna rahatA siddha kevalajJAna ___jaba kevalI ke bhava pratyayika karma kSINa ho jAte haiM, taba vaha siddha avasthA ko prApta karatA hai| siddha kA kevalajJAna siddha kevalajJAna kahalAtA hai / siddha kevalajJAna ke do bheda kie gaye haiM--anantara siddha kevalajJAna aura parampara siddha kevalajJAna / ye do bheda kAla-sApekSa kie gaye haiN| anantara siddha kevalajJAna ke pandraha bheda siddha hone kI pUrva avasthA ke AdhAra para kie gaye haiM / yaha sUtra jainadharma kI vizuddha AdhyAtmikatA kA pratipAdaka hai / isameM liMga, veza Adi bAhya paristhiti se mukta hokara kevala AtmA ke Antarika vikAsa kI svIkRti hai| ve pandraha bheda haiM .1: tIrtha siddha-jo zramaNasaMgha meM pravajita hokara makta hotA hai| 2. atIrtha siddha-cAturvarNa zramaNasaMgha ke anastitva kAla meM jo mukta hotA hai| cUrNikAra ne marudevI Adi kA udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai / haribhadrasUri ne batAyA hai--jo jAtismaraNa ke dvArA mokSamArga ko prApta kara siddha hote haiM ve atIrthasiddha kahalAte haiN| cUrNikAra ne jAtismaraNa kA ullekha svayaMbuddha ke prasaMga meM kiyA hai| svayaMbuddha do prakAra ke hote haiM--tIrthaMkara aura tIrthaMkara se itara / prastuta praMsaga meM tIrthaMkara se itara vivakSita hai| 3. tIrthaMkara siddha-RSabha Adi-jo tIrthaMkara avasthA meM mukta hote haiN| 4. atIrthaMkara siddha-jo sAmAnya kevalI ke rUpa meM mukta hote haiN| .
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________________ 314 5. svayaMbuddha siddha-jo svayaMbuddha hokara mukta hotA hai| svayaMbuddha ke do artha kie gae haiM(ka) jise jAtismaraNa ke kAraNa bodhi prApta huI hai| (kha) jise bAhya nimitta ke binA bodhi prApta huI hai| malayagiri ne bhI isa prasaMga meM jAtismaraNa kA ullekha kiyA hai| . 6. pratyekabuddha siddha-jo pratyeka buddha hokara mukta hotA hai| pratyeka buddha kA artha hai kisI eka bAhya nimitta se pratibuddha hone vaalaa| 7. buddhabodhita siddha-jo buddhabodhita hokara mukta hotA hai| carNikAra ne buddhabodhita ke cAra artha kie haiM1. svayaMbuddha tIrthaMkara Adi ke dvArA bodhi prApta / 2. kapila Adi pratyeka buddha ke dvArA bodhi praapt| . 3. buddhabodhita ke dvArA bodhi praapt| : 4. AcArya ke dvArA pratibuddha se bodhi praapt| haribhadra aura malayagiri ne buddhabodhita kA artha AcArya ke dvArA bodhi prApta kiyA hai| . 8. strIliMga siddha-jo strI kI zarIra racanA meM mukta hotA hai| liMga ke tIna artha haiM--veda (kAmavikAra) 2. zarIra racanA 3. nepathya (vezabhUSA) / yahAM liMga kA artha zarIra racanA hai| strI, puruSa aura napuMsaka saMbaMdhI bheda ke do hetu haiM-1. zarIra nAma karma kA udaya. 2. veda kA udy| 9. puruSaliMga siddha-jo puruSa kI zarIra racanA meM mukta hotA hai| 10. napuMsakaliMga siddha-jo kRtrima napuMsaka ke rUpa meM mukta hotA hai| cUrNi aura vRttidvaya meM napuMsaka kI vyAkhyA upalabdha nahIM hai / bhagavatI ke anusAra napuMsaka cAritra kA adhikArI hotA hai, kRta napuMsaka hI cAritra kA adhikArI hotA hai| abhayadevasUri ne napuMsaka kA artha kRta napuMsaka kiyA hai| 11. svaliMgasiddha-jo muni ke veza meM mukta hotA hai| 12. anyaliMga siddha-jo anyatIrthI ke veza meM mukta hotA hai| 13. gRhaliMga siddha-jo gRhastha ke veza meM mukta hotA hai| 14. ekasiddha-jo eka samaya meM eka jIva siddha hotA hai| 15. anekasiddha-jo eka samaya meM aneka jIva siddha hote haiN| unameM ekA samaya meM jaghanyata: do aura utkRSTata: eka sau ATha siddha ho sakate haiM / uttarAdhyayana meM unakI
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________________ kevalajJAna / 315 saMkhyA isa prakAra- nirdiSTa hai |1. napuMsaka strI puruSa 2. gRhaliMga anyaliMga svaliMga 10 20 108 4 10 108 3. utkRSTa avagAhanA jaghanya avagAhanA madhyama avagAhanA 108 4. Urdhvaloka samudra anya jalAzaya nIcAloka tirachAloka 20 108 siddha ke pandraha bheda naMdI satrakAra ke svopajJa haiM yA inakA koI prAcIna AdhAra hai? pratIta hotA hai yaha paramparA prAcIna hai| umAsvAti ne siddha kI vyAkhyA meM bAraha anuyoga dvAra batalAe haiN| ve prastuta sUtra meM nirdiSTa pandraha bhedoM kI apekSA adhika vyApaka haiN| . sthAnAMga meM siddha ke pandraha prakAroM kA ullekha milatA hai / prajJApanA meM bhI inakA ullekha hai / sthAnAMga saMkalana sUtra hai isalie isakI prAcInatA ke bAre meM nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA / prajJApanA nandI kI apekSA prAcIna hai| isalie prajJApanA usake pazcAt tattvArtha sUtra aura usake pazcAt naMdI meM ina pandraha bhedoM kA kAlakrama kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| ho sakatA hai zyAmAcArya ne kisI prAcIna Agama se unakA avataraNa kiyA hai| kevalI : yoganirodha kI prakriyA kevalI kA jIvanakAla jaba antarmuhUrta mAtra zeSa rahatA hai, taba vaha mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti kA nirodha karatA hai| usakI prakriyA isa prakAra hai. zukla dhyAna ke tRtIya caraNa (sUkSma-kriyA-apratipAti) meM vartana karatA huA vaha sarvaprathama manoyoga kA nirodha karatA hai / jo jIva paryApta hai, saMjJI hai, jaghanya manayogI (sabase kama mana kI pravRtti karane vAlA) hai, usake jitane manodravya (mana ke pudgala) hai aura unake jitane vyApAra (pravRtti) haiM, usase asaMkhyeya guNahIna manodravya aura vyApAra kA pratisamaya nirodha karate-karate asaMkhya samayoM meM usakA pUrNa nirodha karatA hai| usake pazcAt vacana yoga kA nirodha karatA hai| paryAptamAtra dvIndriya prANI ke jaghanya vacanayoga ke paryAyoM se asaMkhyeya guNahIna vacana-yoga-paryAyoM kA pratisamaya nirodha karate-karate asaMkhya samayoM meM vacanayoga kA pUrNa nirodha karatA hai / phira kAyayoga
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________________ 316 / ArhatI-dRSTi kA nirodha karatA hai| prathama samaya ke utpanna sUkSma panaka jIva ke jaghanya kAyayoga ke asaMkhyeya guNahIna kAyayoga ke pudgala aura vyApAra kA prati samaya nirodha karate-karate tathA zarIra kI avagAhanA ke tIsare bhAga ko chor3ate (pole bhAga ko pUrita karate) hue asaMkhya samayoM meM kAyayoga kA (zvAsocchvAsa sahita) pUrNa nirodha karatA hai| pUrNa yoganirodha hote hI ayogI yA zailezI avasthA prApta ho jAtI hai| ___'a i u R lu'-ina pAMca hrasvAkSaroM ke uccAraNakAla taka kevalI zailezI avasthA meM rahatA hai| yaha uccAraNa na atizIghra hotA hai, na pralamba, kintu madhyama bhAva meM hotA hai| kAyayoga ke nirodha ke prAraMbha samaya meM sUkSmakriyA apratipAtI rUpa zukladhyAna hotA hai aura zailezI avasthA ke samAna samucchinnakriyA anivRtti rUpa zukladhyAna hotA hai| kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana jaina darzana meM upayoga ke do prakAra haiM-sAkAra aura anAkAra / sAkAra upayoga kA anAkAra upayoga ke sAtha kyA sambandha hai ? kauna se jJAna se pUrva kauna-sA darzana hotA hai Adi jaina jJAnamImAMsA ke mahattvapUrNa viSaya haiM / kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ke viSaya meM jaina jJAnamImAMsA meM tIna mata mukhya rUpa se pracalita haiM, jo saMkSepa meM isa prakAra haiM 1. kramapakSa-ima mata ke anusAra kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana donoM upayoga bhinna-bhinna haiN| ve eka sAtha nahIM hote kyoMki AgamoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki jisa samaya kevalI AkAra, hetu, upamA, dRSTAnta Adi se yukta ralaprabhA pRthvI ko jAnatA hai usa samaya dekhatA nahIM kyoMki jJAna sAkAra hotA hai aura darzana anAkAra / aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha pakSa Agamika hone ke kAraNa sabase prAcIna hai, para dArzanika yuga meM anya pakSoM kA khaNDana kara isakI sthApanA karane kA zreya jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ko hai jinhoMne vizeSAvazyakabhASya tathA vizeSaNavatI meM anya donoM pakSoM kA khaNDana kara isakA yukti puraHsara pratipAdana kiyA hai| jinadAsagaNI, haribhadrasUri tathA malayagiri ne bhI unhIM kA anusaraNa kara kramapakSa kI pratiSThA kI hai| kramika pakSa na mAnane para mukhyata: ye doSa Ate haiM(ka) jJAna aura darzana ko Avata karane vAlI karmaprakRtiyAM bhinna-bhinna haiN| ata: yadi donoM ko abhinna mAnA jAegA to yA eka guNa kA AvaraNa do kAmoM se mAnanA hogA athavA unameM se eka AvaraNa ke abhAva kA prasaMga aaegaa|
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________________ kevalajJAna / 317 (kha) yugapad upayogavAdiyoM ne jo kramika pakSa ke AdhAra para kevalI para doSa die haiM ve sabhI chadmasthoM para bhI AeMge, ata: donoM pakSoM kA yogakSema "tulya hI hai| (ga) yadi upayogAvasthA meM hI jJAna, darzana Adi kA sadbhAva mAnA jAe to eka chadastha kabhI bhI caturjJAnI aura tridarzanI nahIM ho sakatA, phalata: Agama virodha AtA hai| (gha) kramika-upayogavAda kevala chadmastha ke lie hI upanyasta hai athavA yaha paravaktavyatA hai jaisA ki sanmati tarka prakaraNa meM kahA gayA hai| usakI ayuktatA batAte hue jinabhadragaNI kA mata hai ki sUtra meM sarvatra jaba chadmastha ke bAda chAtIta kA hI upadeza hai taba prathama kalpanA kaise yuktisaMgata hogI tathA vyAkhyAprajJapti ke 25veM zataka meM spaSTatayA kramopayoga kA samarthaka sUtra hone se use para vaktavyatA mAnanA bhI samIcIna nhiiN| isa prakAra prastuta mata ke anusAra jIvatva ke samAna ekAntaropayoga bhI jIva kA svabhAva hai, ata: usakI siddhi ke lie anya hetu kI apekSA nahIM hai| yugapat upayogavAda aura abhinnopayogavAda kI ora se kramika pakSa para jo-jo AkSepa kie gaye, jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne una sabakA, vizeSaNavatI evaM vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM yuktipurasara samAdhAna kiyA hai| jinadAsagaNI ne vizeSaNavatI kI 153 se 256 taka kI gAthAoM meM se kucha kA upayoga kiyA hai / haribhadra evaM malayagiri kI TIkA bhI usI para avalambita hai| mukhyata: una AkSepoM kA samAdhAna isa prakAra hai(a) kevalajJAna kevaladarzana ko sAdi ananta upayoga kI dRSTi se nahIM kahA gayA hai| jaise mati Adi tInoM jJAnoM kI kAlasthiti 66 sAgaropama batAI jAtI hai vaha unakI labdhi kI apekSA se hai| upayoga kI apekSA to ve AntamauhUrtika hI haiN| (A) AvaraNakSaya ko mithyA kahanA bhI yukta nahIM kyoMki jisa prakAra paMcavidha antarAya ke kSaya ke bAvajUda kevalI sadA dAna, bhoga Adi nahIM karate, vaise hI jJAnAvaraNa-darzanAvaraNa ke viSaya meM samajhanA caahie| antarAya kSaya kA tAttvika phala hai- bAdhA kA abhAva, vaise hI jJAnAvaraNa evaM darzanAvaraNa ke samUla kSaya kA tAttvika phala hai kRtsna jnyaan-drshn| (i) asarvajJa-asarvadarzI ke AkSepa kA samAdhAna karate hue AcArya kahate haiM ki jaise eka sAtha koI bhI cAra jJAnoM kA upayoga nahIM karatA phira bhI
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________________ 318 / ArhatI-dRSTi caturjJAnI kahalAtA hai vaise hI sarvajJa-sarvadarzitva meM koI bAdhA nhiiN| (I) jinakI yugapat utpatti ho, unakA upayoga bhI yugapat hotA hai--yaha koI niyama nahIM hai| samyaktava, matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna kI utpatti eka sAtha hotI hai para ve na to eka haiM aura na samakAlIna upayoga, vaise hI kevalajJAna kevaladarzana na abhinna haiM aura na ekakAlIna upyog| (u) abhedavAdI kA yaha kahanA hai ki 'kSINAvaraNa meM jaise dezajJAna sambhava nahIM, vaise hI kevaladarzana bhI sambhava nahIM hai| yaha bhI ayukta hai kyoMki jaise dezajJAna ke apagama se kevalajJAna hotA hai vaise hI cakSu Adi dezadarzana ke apagama se sarvadarzana kyoM nahIM hogA? kevala icchAmAtra se vastusiddhi nahIM hotii| (U) abhedavAda yaha kahe ki-dravyata: kevalajJAnI sarvadravyoM ko jAnatA-dekhatA hai ityAdi sUtra kevalajJAna-darzana ke abheda kA pratipAdana hai taba to usake mata se avadhijJAna Adi meM jJAnadarzana kI ekatA kA prasaMga AegA, jo use bhI mAnya nahIM hai| yuktita: abAdhita evaM sUtra meM anekaza: kathita hone se yaha spaSTa hai ki kramopayogavAda hI nirduSTa hai| jinabhadragaNI kA mata hai ki jisa prakAra anAkAra upayogI evaM sAkAropayogI ke viSaya meM sUtra meM bahuta se prazna upalabdha haiM vaise mizra upayogI ke viSaya meM eka bhI sUtra nahIM hai| 2. yugapat upayoga pakSa--isa mata ke anusAra bhI kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana donoM bhinna-bhinna upayoga haiM para ve kramaza: utpanna nahIM hote| eka hI samaya meM kevalI jAnatA bhI hai aura dekhatA bhI hai / sampUrNa digambara AmnAya meM ekamAtra isI pakSa ke darzana hote haiN| AcArya kundakunda, pUjyavAda aura samantabhadra ne jahAM donoM matoM kI carcA taka nahIM kI hai, vahAM akalaMka ne aSTazatI evaM rAjavArtika meM kramikapakSa ke mAnane vAloM ko sarvajJanindaka kahA hai / zvetAmbara AmnAya meM isake praveza kA zreya sambhavataH umAsvAti ko hai| upAdhyAyajI ke anusAra isa pakSa ko yuktita: sthApita karane kA zreya mallavAdi ko hai / isa pakSa kI mukhya yukti hai ki sUtra meM kevalajJAna evaM kevaladarzana ko sAdi-aparyavasita batAyA hai| ata: donoM upayogoM ko yugapat mAnanA Avazyaka hai| isa mata ke anusAra kramika upayogapakSa meM mukhyata: nimnalikhita doSoM kA prasaMga AtA hai (ka) kramaza: eka samaya jJAna aura dUsare samaya darzana mAnane se donoM sAdi-sAnta
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________________ kevalajJAna / 319 ho jaaeNge| (kha) prathama samaya kevalajJAna huA, dUsare samaya kevldrshn| isakA abhiprAya yaha hogA ki dUsare samaya kevalajJAnAvaraNa kA kSaya aura prathama samaya kevaladarzanAvaraNa kA kSaya vyartha hai| ata: AvaraNa rahita do pradIpoM ke samAna unheM yugapat hI prakAza karanA caahie| (ga) donoM kA eka sAtha upayoga na mAnA jAe to paraspara AvaraNa kA prasaMga AegA kyoMki karmAvaraNa kA abhAva hone para bhI eka ke sadbhAva meM dUsare kA abhAva mAnA jAtA hai| (gha) donoM AvaraNoM ke kSaya hone para bhI yadi kevalajJAna-darzana kA AvirbhAva na mAnA jAe to do bhinna-bhinna AvaraNa mAnanA samIcIna na hogaa| (Ga) pAkSika sarvajJatva, sarvadarzitva kA prasaMga AegA kyoMki jaba sarvajJa hogA taba asarvadarzI aura sarvadarzI hogA taba asarvajJa ho jaaegaa| 3. abhedapakSa-abhedapakSa ke anusAra kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana nAmaka do bhinna-bhinna upayoga nahIM haiM, vastuta: upayoga eka hI hai| chadmastha kI cetanA sAvaraNa hotI hai, ata: vaha eka sAtha sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko nahIM jAna sktaa| phalata: jJAna aura darzana do bhinna-bhinna samayavartI upayogoM kA kArya hai / para jahAM cetanA nirAvaraNa ho gayI hai vahAM sAmAnya aura vizeSa kA samakAlIna grahaNa hotA hai| ata: kaivalya avasthA meM jJAna aura darzana meM na avasthA-bheda hai aura na kAlabheda / jaina darzana ke itihAsa meM abheda pakSa ke puraskartA ekamAtra siddhasena divAkara ko kahA jAe to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| upAdhyAya yazovijaya ne abheda pakSa ke sthApana meM unhIM yuktiyoM kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| siddhasena ke anusAra aspRSTa viSaya kA grahaNa, sAmAnya avabodha darzana kahalAtA hai| kevalI ke kevalopayoga meM aspRSTa evaM spRSTa, sAmAnya aura vizeSa, vyakta aura avyakta kA bheda nahIM hotaa| ata: eka hI upAyoga ko vizeSagrahaNa kI apekSA jJAna aura sAmAnyagrahaNa kI apekSA darzana kaha diyA jAtA hai| yahAM pravRttinimittaka dharmoM kA bheda hai na ki pratipAdya upayoga kaa| siddhasena ne bhI abhedapakSa ke sthApana meM yugapat pakSa ke samAna kevala upayoga kI sAdyanantatA kI yukti kA hI prayoga kiyA hai / unakA mata hai ki jo yuktiyAM kramikapakSa kI sadoSatA ke lie upanyasta kI gaI haiM ve hI * yugapat pakSa kI bhI sadoSatA ko khyApita karatI haiM / ata: ye pakSa vastuta: paravaktavyatA kI apekSA se zAstroM meM kahe gae haiN| unake anusAra kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ko
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________________ 320 / ArhatI-dRSTi bhinna mAnane para nimnAMkita doSa Ate haiM (ka) kevalajJAna aura darzana kI anantatA khaNDita ho jaaegii| . (kha) kSINAvaraNa kevalI meM avyakta-vyakta kA bheda yuktiyukta nahIM hai ata: avyakta . (darzana) aura vyakta (jJAna) ye do upayoga nahIM ho skte| (ga) ina pakSoM ke anusAra kevalI ajJAtabhASI aura adRSTabhASI ho jaaegaa| (gha) kevalajJAna mAtra vizeSagrAhI aura kevaladarzana mAtra sAmAnyagrAhI mAnA jAe to sarvajJatva evaM sarvadarzitva kI utpatti kaise hogI? .. (Ga) anAkAra upayoga sAkAra upayoga kI apekSA niyamata: alpaviSayaka hotA hai ata: bhinna-bhinna upayoga mAnane para kevaladarzana ko ananta nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| (ca) labdhi kI dRSTi se kevalI ko sarvajJa sarvadarzI kahanA bhI yukta nahIM kyoMki phira to use paMcajJAnI bhI kahA jA sakegA, jo ki zAstraviruddha hai|| upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI ne jJAnabindu meM kevalajJAna-darzana ke viSaya meM mukhyata: siddhasena divAkara ke hI mata kA avalambana liyA hai / isake sAtha hI unhoMne bhinna-bhinna naya-dRSTiyoM se unakA samanvaya karate hue kahA ki bhedasparzI vyavahAra-naya kI apekSA se mallavAdI kA yugapad upayogavAda, RjusUtra naya kI apekSA se jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa kA kramika pakSa aura abheda pradhAna saMgrahAlaya kI apekSA se siddhasena divAkara kA abhinnopayogavAda yuktisaMgata haiN| AcArya mahAprajJa jI ne kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ke kramika pakSa ko svIkRta karate hue likhA hai ki kevalI kI jJAnacetanA anAvRta hotI hai, ata: vaha pahale dravya ke parivartana aura usakI kSamatA ko jAnatA hai aura usake bAda usakI ekatA ko jAnatA hai| jahAM eka sAmAnya vyakti ko dravya kI sAmAnya sattA ko jAnane meM asaMkhyAta kAlakhaNDa laga jAte haiM phira vaha eka-eka kara usakI vizeSatA ko jAna pAtA hai vahAM asIma cetanA meM pahale dravya kI ananta zaktiyoM kA pRthak-pRthak Akalana hotA hai aura bAda meM una-una zaktiyoM meM anusyUta ekatA kA jJAna hotA hai arthAt pahale kSaNa meM kevalajJAna hotA hai usake bAda kevaladarzana hotA hai| sarvajJavAda aura vibhinna darzana jJAna ke do vibhAga hai--kSAyopazamika aura kSAyika / mati, zruta, avadhi aura mana:paryava-ye cAra jJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se hote haiM isalie kSAyopazamika haiN| kevalajJAna jJAnAvaraNa ke sarvathA kSaya se utpanna hotA hai isalie vaha kSAyika hai|
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________________ kevalajJAna / 321 kSAyopazamika jJAna kA viSaya hai mUrta dravya, pudgala dravya / kSAyika jJAna kA viSaya mUrta aura amUrta-donoM dravya haiM / dharma, adharma, AkAza aura jIva-ye amUrta dravya haiM / kSAyopazamika jJAna ke dvArA inakA pratyakSa jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| amUrta kA parokSAtmaka jJAna zAstra se hotA hai| dArzanika yuga meM kevalajJAna kI viSaya-vastu ke AdhAra para sarvajJavAda kI vizada carcA huI hai / paNDita sukhalAlajI ne usa carcA kA samavatAra isa prakAra kiyA hai.... "nyAya vaizeSika darzana jaba sarvaviSayaka sAkSAtkAra kA varNana karatA hai taba vaha sarva zabda se apanI paramparA meM prasiddha dravya, guNa Adi sAtoM padArthoM ko saMpUrNa bhAva se letA hai| sAMkhyayoga jaba sarva viSayaka sAkSAtkAra kA citraNa karatA hai taba vaha apanI paramparA meM prasiddha prakRti, puruSa Adi paccIsa tattvoM ke pUrNa sAkSAtkAra kI bAta kahatA hai| bauddha darzana paMca skandhoM ko saMpUrNa bhAva se letA hai| vedAnta darzana sarva zabda se apanI paramparA meM pAramArthika rUpa se prasiddha ekamAtra pUrNa brahma ko hI letA hai / jainadarzana bhI 'sarva' zabda se apanI paramparA meM prasiddha saparyAya SaDdravyoM ko pUrNarUpeNa letA hai| isa taraha uparyukta sabhI darzana apanI paramparA ke anusAra mAne jAne vAle saba padArthoM ko lekara unakA pUrNa sAkSAtkAra mAnate haiM aura tadanusArI lakSaNa bhI karate haiN| .... paNDita sukhalAlajI kI sarvajJatA viSayaka mImAMsA kA spaSTa phalita hai ki 'sarva' pada ke viSaya meM saba dArzanika ekamata nahIM haiM / isakA mUla hetu AtmA aura jJAna ke saMbaMdha kI avadhAraNA hai / jainadarzana ke anusAra jJAna AtmA kA svabhAva hai / vaha eka hai, akSara hai, usakA nAma kevalajJAna hai| ___AcArya kundakunda ne kevalajJAna kA lakSaNa vyavahAra aura nizcaya-do dRSTiyoM se kiyA hai-vyavahAra naya se kevalI bhagavAn sabako jAnate haiM aura dekhate haiN| nizcaya se kevalajJAnI apanI AtmA ko jAnate haiM aura dekhate haiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra jJAna sva-para prakAzI hai / isa AdhAra para kevalajJAnI nizcaya naya se AtmA ko jAnatA-dekhatA hai, yaha lakSaNa saMgata hai| vaha para-prakAzI hai, isa AdhAra para vaha sabako jAnatA-dekhatA hai, yaha lakSaNa saMgata hai| . kevalajJAna AtmA kA svabhAva hai / vaha svabhAva hai isalie mukta avasthA meM bhI vidyamAna rahatA hai / pratyakSa athavA sAkSAtkAritva usakA svAbhAvika guNa hai / jJAnAvaraNa karma se Acchanna hone ke kAraNa usake cAra bheda kie gae haiM--mati, zruta, avadhi aura mana:paryava / tAratamya ke AdhAra para asaMkhya bheda bana sakate haiM / jJAnAvaraNa kA sarvavilaya hone para jJAna ke tAratamyajanita bheda samApta ho jAte haiM aura kevalajJAna prakaTa ho jAtA
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________________ 322 / AhatI-dRSTi kevalajJAna kA adhikArI sarvajJa hotA hai| sarvajJa aura sarvajJatA nyAya pradhAna darzana yuga kA eka mahatvapUrNa carcanIya viSaya rahA hai| jaina darzana ko kevalajJAna mAnya hai isalie sarvajJavAda usakA sahaja svIkRta pakSa hai| Agama yuga meM usake svarUpa aura kArya kA varNana milatA hai kintu usakI siddhi ke lie koI prayala nahIM kiyA gyaa| dArzanika yuga meM mImAMsaka, cArvak Adi ne sarvajJatva ko asvIkAra kiyA taba jaina dArzanikoM ne sarvajJatva kI siddhi ke lie kucha tarka prastuta kie| jJAna kA tAratamya hotA hai, usakA antima bindu tAratamya rahita hotA hai| jJAna kA tAratamya sarvajJatA meM pariniSThita hotA hai / isa yukti kA upayoga mallavAdI hemacandra, upAdhyAya yazovijaya Adi sabhI dArzanikoM ne kiyA hai| ___ jaina darzana ke anusAra jJAna AtmA kA guNa hai / vaha anAvRta avasthA meM bheda yA vibhAga zUnya hotA hai| AvaraNa ke kAraNa usake vibhAga hote haiM aura tAratamya hotA hai| jJAna ke tAratamya ke AdhAra para usakI parAkASThA ko kevalajJAna mAnanA eka pakSa hai kintu isase adhika saMgata pakSa yaha haiM ki kevalajJAna AtmA kA svabhAva athavA guNa hai| jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kAraNa usameM tAratamya hotA hai| jJAnAvaraNa ke kSaya hone para svabhAva pragaTa ho jAtA hai| kisI anya darzana meM jJAna AtmA svabhAva yA guNa rUpa meM svIkRta nahIM hai, isalie unameM sarvajJatA kA vaha siddhAnta mAnya nahIM hai jo jaina darzana meM hai| paNDita sukhalAlajI ne sarva zabda ko darzana ke sAtha jor3A hai| unake anusAra jo darzana jitane tattvoM ko mAnatA hai, una sabako anane vAlA sarvajJa hotA hai / jaina darzana meM 'sarva' zabda kA svAbhimata dravya kI sImA meM Abaddha nahIM kiyA hai| atirikta kSetra. kAla aura bhAva use dravya ke sAtha saMyojita kiyA hai| kevalajJAna kA viSaya hai-sarvadravya, sarvakSetra, sarvakAla aura srvbhaav| dravya kA siddhAnta pratyeka darzana kA apanA-apanA hotA hai kintu kSetra, kAla aura bhAva se sarvasAmAnya haiM / sarvajJa saba dravyoM ko sarvathA, sarvatra aura sarvakAla meM jAnatAdekhatA hai| nyAya, vaizeSika Adi darzanoM meM jJAna AtmA ke guNa ke rUpa meM sammata nahIM hai isalie unheM manuSya kI sarvajJatA kA siddhAnta mAnya nahIM ho sktaa| bauddha darzana meM anvayI AtmA mAnya nahIM hai isalie bauddha bhI sarvajJavAda ko svIkAra nahIM krte| vedAnta ke anusAra kevala brahma hI sarvajJa ho sakatA hai, koI manuSya nahIM / sAMkhyadarzana meM kevalajJAna athavA kaivalya kI avadhAraNA spaSTa hai| . . jainadarzana sammata sarvajJatA ke virodha meM mImAMsakoM ne prabala tarka upasthita kie|
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________________ kevalajJAna / 323 unake anusAra pratyakSa, upamAna, anumAna, Agama, arthApatti aura anupalabdhi kisI bhI pramANa se sarvajJatva kI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| nyAya aura vaizeSika IzvaravAdI darzana haiM / ve Izvara ko sarvajJa mAnate haiM / kAlakrama se unameM yogI-pratyakSa kI avadhAraNA praviSTa huI hai para jaina darzana meM kevalajJAna yA sarvajJatva mokSa kI anivArya zarta hai / nyAya aura vaizeSika kA mata hai ki jJAna mukta avasthA meM nahIM rhtaa| Izvara kA jJAna nitya hai aura yogi-pratyakSa anitya / zAMtarakSita ne kumArila ke tarkoM kA uttara diyaa| kintu zAMtarakSita ke uttara sarvajJatva kI siddhi meM bahuta mahattvapUrNa nahIM ho sakate / bauddha darzana sarvajJatva ke virodha meM agraNI rahA hai| uttaravartI bauddhoM ne sarvajJatva kA jo svIkAra kiyA hai, vaha asvIkAra aura svIkAra ke madhya jhUlatA dikhAI detA hai| sarvajJatva kI siddhi meM sarvAdhika prayala jaina dArzanikoM kA hai| isa prayatna kI pRSThabhUmi meM do hetu haiM 1. sarvajJatA AtmA kA svabhAva hai| 2. mokSa ke lie sarvajJatva anivArya hai| bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti ne sarvajJatA kA khaNDana kiyaa| usakA uttara AcArya samaMtabhadra, akalaMka, vidyAMnanda, prabhAcanda Adi ne diyA hai / yadi tarka-jAla ko sImita karanA cAheM to vaha satra paryApta hai-jJAna AtmA kA svabhAva hai| jJAnAvaraNa ke kSINa hone para sakala jJeya ko jAnane kI usameM kSamatA hai| kevalajJAna yA sarvajJatva kI itanI vizAla avadhAraNA kisI anya darzana meM upalabdha nahIM hai| paNDita sukhalAlajI ne 'niratizayaM sarvajJabIjama' yogadarzana ke isa sUtra ko sarvajJa siddhi kA prathama sUtra mAnA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne isa yukti kA anusaraNa kiyA hai kiMtu sarvajJatA kI siddhi kA mUlasUtra bhagavatI meM vidyamAna hai| vaha prAcIna hai tathA yogadarzana ke sUtra se sarvathA bhinna hai / sarvajJatA kI siddhi kA hetu hai-anindriyatA / indriya jJAna spaSTa hai / usakA pratipakSa avazya hai / sarvajJatA indriya aura mana se sarvathA nirapekSa hai| vaha atIndriya jJAna hai| saMdarbha 1. AcArya mahAprajJa, naMdI sabhASya sU. 26-33 /
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________________ 324 / ArhatI-dRSTi matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna kI bhedarekhA prAcIna karmazAstra meM jJAnAvaraNa karma kI prakRtiyoM ke ullekha ke samaya matijJAnAvaraNa evaM zrutajJAnAvaraNa--ina do prakRtiyoM kA pRthak-pRthak ullekha hai| ataH isa kathana se spaSTa hai ki inake jJAna bhI alaga-alaga haiM / prAcIna paramparA se hI matijJAna evaM zrutijJAna ko pRthak svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura Aja bhI unakA vahI rUpa svIkRta hai, parantu ina donoM kA svarUpa paraspara itanA sammizrita hai ki inakI bhedarekhA karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai / jaina-paramparA meM inakI bhedarekhA sthApita karane ke lie tIna prayatna hue 1. Agamika, 2. AgamamUlaka tArkika, 3. zuddha taarkik| . Agamika prayatna Agama paramparA meM indriya manojanya jJAna avagraha Adi bhedavAlA matijJAna thA tathA aMga-praviSTa evaM aMga-bAhya ke rUpa meM prasiddha lokottara jaina-zAstra zrutajJAna kahalAte the| anuyogadvAra tathA tattvArthasUtra meM pAyA jAnevAlA zrutajJAna kA varNana isI prathama prayatna kA phala hai / Agamika paramparA meM aMgopAMga ke jJAna ko hI zrutajJAna kahA hai, aMgopAMga ke atirikta sArA matijJAna hai| aMgopAMga se bhinna veda, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, zabda saMsparzI jJAna, zabda-saMsparzarahita jJAna sArA hI matijJAna hai / tattvArthasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki kisI vyakti meM eka, do, tIna aura cAra jJAna eka sAtha ho sakate ___umAsvAti ke bAda kI paramparA ne aisA svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| usake anusAra, kisI bhI prANI meM kama-se-kama do jJAna to hoMge hii| tattvArtha ke eka jJAna ke ullekha kA tAtparya hai-zratajJAna aMgopAMga rUpa hai, vaha sabameM ho yaha jarUrI nahIM hai| ataH aMgopAMgarahita sArA jJAna hI Agama paramparA meM matijJAna thA aura isa apekSA se vyakti meM eka jJAna mAnA jA sakatA hai| asoccA kevalI kA ullekha bhI zAyada isa eka jJAna kI hI phalazruti hai| jisane aMgopAMga kA zravaNa adhyayana nahIM kiyA ho vaha matijJAnI hai, vaha jaba kevalI ho jAtA hai taba use 'asoccA kevalI' kaha diyA jAtA ho, aisI sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai|
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________________ matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna kI bhedarekhA / 325 AgamamUlaka tArkika isa dUsare prayala ne mati, zruna ke bheda ko to svIkAra kara liyA kintu unakI bhedarekhA sthira karane kA vyApaka prayala kiyA gyaa| prathama paramparA jo Agama ko hI zrutajJAna mAnatI thI isake atirikta dUsarI paramparA ne Agama ke atirikta ko bhI zrutajJAna ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyaa| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne kahA indiyamaNonimitaM jaM viNNANaM suyANusAreNaM / niyayatyuttisamatthaM taM bhAvasuyaM maI sesaM / . vizeSA. bhA. gA. 96 indriya aura mana ke nimitta se utpanna honevAlA zrutAnusArI jJAna jo, svayaM meM pratibhAsita ghaTa, paTa Adi padArthoM ko samajhAne meM samartha hotA hai, vaha zrutajJAna hai| jJAna-bindu meM mati-zruta ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai-'matijJAnatvaM zrutAnanusAryanatizayitajJAnatvam avagrahAdikramavadupayogajanyajJAnatvaM vA, zrutaM tu shrutaanusaaryev|' ___ jo zrutAnusArI hotA hai vaha zrutajJAna hai tathA jo zrutAnanusArI arthAt zrutAnusArI nahIM hotA vaha matijJAna hai| . . jaba zrutAnusArI ko zrutajJAna kahA gayA to zaMkA karate hue pUchA gayA ki zabdollekhI zrutajJAna hai to matijJAna kA bheda avagraha hI matijJAna hogaa| zeSa IhA Adi zrutajJAna hoMge kyoMki ve bhI zabdollekha yukta haiM / isa prakAra matijJAna kA lakSaNa avyApta doSa se dUSita hogA tathA zrutajJAna kA lakSaNa matijJAna ke bhedoM meM cale jAne se ativyApta lakSaNAbhAsa se dUSita hai / samAdhAna kI bhASA meM AcAryoM ne kahA ki IhA Adi sAbhilApa hai kintu sazabda ho jAne mAtra se vaha zrutajJAna nahIM hai| jo zrutAnusArI sAbhilApa jJAna hai vahI zrutajJAna hai| dhAraNAtmaka jJAna ke dvArA vAcya-vAcaka sambandha saMyojana se jo jJAna hotA hai vaha zrutAnusArI hai| ataH matijJAna sAbhilApa hone para bhI zrutAnusArI na hone pe zrutajJAna nahIM hai / ataH mati kA lakSaNa avyApta doSa se tathA zruta kA lakSaNa ativyApta doSa se dUSita nahIM hai| sAbhilApa avagraha Adi zrutanizrita matijJAna hai / ve zrutAnusArI nahIM hai tathA matijJAna sAbhilApa evaM anabhilApa ubhaya prakAra kA hai, kintu zrutajJAna to sAbhilApa hI hotA hai| zruta-nizrita, azrutanizrita taka matijJAna hai, jahAM zrutAnusAritva zurU hotA hai vahAM zrutajJAna hotA hai|
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________________ 326 / ArhatI-dRSTi - umAsvAti ne kahA--jahAM zrutajJAna hai vahAM matijJAna niyamataH hai, kintu jahAM mati ho vahAM zruta ho bhI sakatA hai, nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai, vahAM vaha vaikalpika hai| parantu nandIkAra ke anusAra jahAM matijJAna hai vahAM zrutajJAna nizcita hai| mati, zruta kA avinAbhAva sambandha hai-aisA nandI sUtrakAra, pUjyapAda devanandI tathA akalaMka mAnate prazna yaha hai ki yaha avinAbhAva matyupayoga evaM zrutopayoga kA hai athavA unakI labdhi kA hai| isa prazna kA samAdhAna spaSTa rUpa se UparI sandarbho meM upalabdha nahIM hai parantu yaha bahuta sambhava hai ki labdhi kA sahabhAva hai, upayoga kA nahIM hai, kyoMki jaina-cintakoM kA mAnanA hai ki do upayoga yugapat nahIM ho sakate tathA umAsvAti kA yaha kathana ki matizrata nizcita rUpa se anugamana kare yaha jarUrI nahIM hai| yaha vaktavya upayoga ke AdhAra para ho sakatA hai| matyupayoga hone para zrutopayoga ho yaha jarUrI nahIM hai / ataH umAsvAti kA kathana upayoga ko lekara hai na ki labdhi ke AdhAra para / anya AcAryoM kA kathana labdhi ke AdhAra para hai, upayoga ke AdhAra para nahIM hai| matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna ke svAmI, kAla, viSaya samAna haiM ataH unameM paraspara abhinnatA hai tathA anya dRSTi se unameM paraspara bhinnatA bhI hai.| mati tathA zruta kA lakSaNa bhinna hai, ataH ve bhinna haiM / zrutajJAna matipUrvaka hotA hai jabaki matijJAna zrutapUrvaka nahIM hotA / AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne mati aura zruta kI bhinnatA ke kAraNoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA lakkhaNabheA heUphalabhAvao bheya indiya vibhaagaa| vAga-kkhara-mUe-yara Abheo maimuyANaM / ___ vi. gA. 97 unhoMne mati aura zruti ke bheda isa prakAra kiye haiN| . 1. lakSaNa kRta bheda, 2. matijJAna kAraNa hai, zrutajJAna kArya hai| 3. matijJAna ke 28 bheda haiM, zrutajJAna ke 14 bheda haiN| 4. zrutajJAna zrotrendriyoM kA viSaya hai jabaki mati zrota ke atirikta anya indriyoM kA bhI viSaya hai| 5. matimUkakalpA hai, zruta amUkakalpa hai| 6. matijJAna anakSara hotA hai, zrutajJAna akSara hotA hai|
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________________ matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna kI bhedarekhA / 327 7. matijJAna svapratyAyaka hI hotA hai, zrutajJAna sva-para avabodhaka hotA hai| __ jo sammukha Ae hue ko jAnatA hai vaha Abhinibodhika jJAna hai| jo sunatA hai vaha zrutajJAna hai / vaktA evaM zrotA kA jo zrutAnusArI jJAna hai, vaha zratajJAna hai tathA unakA zrRtAtIta jJAna matijJAna hai| zrutajJAna zrotrendriya labdhi rUpa hI hotA hai, kintu sArI zrotropalabdhi zrutajJAna nahIM hotI hai, vaha mati bhI hotI hai| matijJAna vArtamAnika hai jabaki zruta traikAlika hai / isa prakAra mati aura zruta meM paraspara bhedAbheda hai| mati evaM zruta kI isa prakAra kI bhedarekhA kA prayatna AgamamUlaka tArkika vicAradhArA kA pariNAma hai| zuddha tArkika dRSTi ___mati-zruta ke bAre meM tIsarI dRSTi ke janaka siddhasena divAkara haiN| unhoMne mati evaM zruta ke bheda ko hI amAnya kiyA hai| unake anusAra zrutajJAna, matijJAna ke hI antargata hai, jisa prakAra smRti Adi mati ke antargata hai| unakA kahanA hai ki zrutajJAna ko matijJAna se pRthak mAnane para kalpanA gaurava hotA hai / arthAt jaba zrutajJAna kA jo kArya batAyA gayA hai vaha matijJAna ke dvArA hI sampAdita ho jAtA hai |tb zrutajJAna ko mati se pRthaka svIkAra karake kalpanA gaurava kyoM kiyA jAe? mati aura zruta meM abheda hai| inako pRthak mAnane se vaiyarthyatA evaM atiprasaMga ye do doSa upasthita hote haiM-'vaiyarthyAtiprasaMgAbhyAM na matyabhyadhikaM shrutm|' yaha siddhasena divAkara kI zuddha tArkika paramparA hai, jinhoMne donoM ke bheda ko hI amAnya kara diyA hai| uparyukta sArI paramparAoM kA ullekha AcArya yazovijayajI ne jJAnabindu nAmaka grantha meM sUkSma dRSTi se kiyA hai| sandarbha 1. zrutAnusAritvaM dhAraNAtmakapadapadArthasambandhapratisaMghAnajanyajJAnatvam / jJAnabindu pR.6 2. vizeSA. bhA, gA. 100 kI ttiikaa| 3. Studies in Jain Philosophy, p. 55. . 4. vizeSA. bhA, gA. 98. 5. vizeSA. bhA, gA. 121.
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________________ 328 indriya-pratyakSa prakriyA : jaina evaM bauddha paramparA dArzanikoM ne aneka tattvoM para cintana kiyA hai tathA apanI sUkSma meghA ke dvArA satya ko pratipAdita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / dArzanika cAhe ve kisI dharma aura darzana se sambandhita hoM, phira bhI vasta-tathya ko jAMcane-parakhane kA unakA apanA eka svatantra mApadaNDa hotA hai / aneka tathyoM ke sAtha unakA ApasI vicAra-bheda hone para bhI bahuta-se aise sthala haiM jahAM unakI soca, vicAradhArA eka bindu para Akara paraspara milatI huI-sI pratIta hotI hai| ___phalasvarUpa vibhinna darzanoM meM bhI kaI sthaloM para saMjJAntara se amuka viSaya para mataikya upalabdha hai / prastuta nibandha meM hama indriya-pratyakSa jJAna kI prakriyA ke sambandha meM vicAra kara rahe haiN| indriya-pratyakSa kI prakriyA ke sambandha meM vibhinna bhAratIya darzanoM meM nAmAntara hone para bhI vicAra-bheda nahIM hai| nyAya-vaizeSika Adi vaidika darzana tathA jaina, bauddha darzana yahI mAnate haiM ki jahA~ indriyajanya evaM manojanya pratyakSa jJAna hotA hai vahAM sabase pahale viSaya aura indriya kA sambandha hotA hai| tadanantara nirvikalpaka evaM savikalpaka jJAna utpanna hotA hai| pratyakSa jJAna kI prakriyA kA yaha sAmAnya krama sabhI dArzanikoM ko mAnya hai| jaina aura bauddha ye donoM zramaNa-paramparAeM haiN| aneka sthaloM para paraspara vicArabheda hone para bhI kaI sthaloM para samAnatA bhI parilakSita hotI hai| pratyakSa jJAna kI prakriyA ke sandarbha meM donoM paramparAoM meM vicAra karane para nAmAntara se mataikya prApta hai| una vicAroM kI tulanA karanA prastuta nibandha kA uddezya hai / yadyapi pRthak do dhArAoM ke vicAroM kI tulanA karanA nissandeha kaThina kArya hai kintu aisA kahakara, use TAlA bhI nahIM jA sakatA / atyanta sAvadhAnI se usa samAnatA kA ullekha karanA donoM hI dhArAoM se jJAna-prApti kA vinamra upakrama hogaa| - bauddha paramparA meM pratisandhi, bhavaGga, Avarjana, darzana, zravaNa, ghrANa, AsvAdana, sparzana, sampaTicchanna, santIraNa, voTThapana, javana, tadAlambana evaM cyUti ye caudaha prakAra ke kRtya batalAe gae haiN| bauddha-darzana citta ko mAnatA hai, citta Alambana ke binA nahIM raha sakatA hai| karmoM ke anusAra atIta bhava ke niruddha ho jAne para navIna bhava ke utpAda
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________________ indriya-pratyakSa prakriyA : jaina evaM bauddha paramparA/ 329 ke lie pratisandhicitta ke dvArA pratisandhAna kRtya para die jAne para svasadRza vipAka nirantara utpanna hote rahate haiN| bhava ke nirantara pravAha ke lie pratisandhi ke anantara pratisandhi sadRza vipAka santati kA utpAda hotA rahatA hai| saMsAra kI avicchinna pravRtti ke hetubhUta citta ko bhavaGga kahate haiN| jaina paramparA meM use paryAyAtmA kaha sakate haiN| bhavaGgacitta kA utpAda taba taka rahatA hai jaba taka karma avaziSTa rahate haiN| __bhavaGgacitta apane pUrvabhava meM prApta Alambana ko lie hue calatA rahatA hai / acche karma kie haiM to vimAna kA aura bure karma kie haiM to agni kA Alambana use mila jAtA hai / jaba abhinava Alambana avabhAsita hotA hai taba pUrva vidyamAna bhavaGga santati ekAeka vicchinna hone meM asamartha hotI hai ataH pUrvagRhIta Alambana meM hI do bAra bhavaGga calana hone ke pazcAt bhavaGga santati kA viccheda ho jAtA hai, jaise vega se daur3anevAlA puruSa lakSya ko prApta kara lene para bhI ekAka ruka nahIM sakatA, eka do kadama Age daur3atA hai vaise hI do bAra bhavaGga calana hone se pUrva bhavaGga santati ke pravAha kA viccheda hotA hai . yathA vegena dhAvato ThAtukAmo na tiTThati / evaM dvikkhattuM bhavaGgaM uppajjitvA va chijjati // atIta bhavaGga kA eka kSaNa evaM bhavaGga calana evaM bhavaGgopaccheda kA bhI kramazaH eka-eka kSaNa hai| citta-kSaNa ke atIta hone para pA~ca Alambana pA~ca dvAroM meM abhinipAta arthAt gocarabhAva ko prApta hote haiN| jisakA eka citta-kSaNa atIta ho gayA hai aisA rUpAlambana yadi cakSuH prAsAda meM prAdurbhAva ko prApta hotA hai to do bAra bhavaGga ke calita hone para bhaMvaGga srota ko vicchinna karake usI rUpAlambana kA Avarjana karate hue paJcadvArAvajjanacitta utpanna hotA hai| yaha paJcadvArAvajjanacitta bhavaGga santati ke pUrva gRhIta Alambana kA viccheda karake citta santati ko usa navIna Alambana ke abhimukha karatA hai| paJcadvArAvajjanacitta kI tulanA jaina-darzana meM jJAna prakriyA ke antargata Agata darzana se kI jA sakatI hai| bauddha-darzana meM tIna prakAra ke citta kA ullekha hai-kriyAcitta, vipAkacitta evaM biijcitt| yaha paJcadvArAvajjana zuddha kriyAcitta hai, isameM kisI bhI prakAra kA bhrama nahIM ho sktaa| isI prakAra darzana bhI nirvizeSita sAmAnya kA grahaNa hai, yaha anAkAra
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________________ 330 / AhatI-dRSTi upayoga hai, isameM kisI bhI prakAra kA bhrama nahIM ho sktaa| bhrama jJAna meM ho sakatA hai, darzana meM nahIM hotaa| paJcadvArAvajajanacitta ke viruddha hone para usI rUpAlambana ko dekhatA huA cakSurvijJAnacitta paidA hota hai / jaina sammata vyaJcanAvagraha se isakI samAnatA hai / indriya aura padArtha ke sambandha ke dvArA zabdAdi viSayoM kA avyakta pariccheda vyaJjanAvagraha kahalAtA hai| isameM jJAnamAtrA avyakta rahatI hai, ataH spaSTa pratibhAsita nahIM hotI parantu isake kArya arthAvagraha yA IhA ko dekhakara isakI jJAnamAtrA kA anubhava hotA hai / bauddha paramparA meM cakSurvijJAna kA eka samaya hai kintu jaina-paramparA vyaJjanAvagraha ko AntarmohUrtika svIkAra karatI hai ataH ina donoM paramparAoM meM cakSurvijJAna evaM vyaJjanAvagraha meM viSaya kI samAnatA hone para bhI kAlakRta bheda bhI hai| .. sampaTicchanna kI tulanA arthAvagraha se kI jA sakatI hai / sampaTicchanna cakSurvijJAna ke dvArA vijJAna Alambana kA hI samyak grahaNa karatA hai / arthAvagraha bhI vyaJjanAvagraha gRhIta viSaya ko hI grahaNa karatA hai / arthAvagraha vyaJjanAvagraha kI apekSA kucha vyakta hotA hai kintu isameM jAti, guNa, dravya Adi kI kalpanA nahIM hotii| 'idaM kiJciAdasti' yaha pratibhAsa isameM hotA hai| arthAvagraha ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM jaina-dArzanikoM ke bhI bhinna-bhinna vicAra haiM, jinakA vimarza anyatra vAJchita hai| arthAvagraha ekasAmayika hai tathA sampaTicchannabhI ekakSaNa vAlA hai / sampaTicchanna meM pUrvAnubhUta saMskAra A jAte haiM ataH yaha vipAkacitta hotA hai| vipAka svayaM zubha, azubha nahIM hotA kintu yaha zubha, azubha kA vipAka hotA hai| santIraNa citta kI samAnatA IhA se hai| sampaTicchanna ke dvArA gRhIta Alambana kA samyak vicAra UhApoha arthAt tulanA yA mImAMsA santIraNa citta kA kRtya hai| jaise, bhojya padArthoM ko dekhakara yaha khAne yogya hai yA nahIM hai, usake lAbha, hAni, guNa aura doSa kI mImAMsA karatA hai, ThIka vaise hI IhA bhI avagraha-gRhIta viSaya meM UhApoha karatI hai / sadbhUta kA upAdAna, asadbhUta kA tyAga IhA kI mImAMsA se hI hotA hai| IhA satya taka pahu~cane kA upakrama karatI hai / santIraNa evaM IhA meM kAlakRta bheda hai / jaina IhA ko AntamauhUrtikI mAnatA hai jabaki bauddha-paramparA meM santIraNa ekasAmayika hai| santIraNa kA kArya mImAMsA karanA hai / mImAMsA eka kSaNa meM nahIM ho sakatI, ataH santIraNa ko eka sAmayika mAnane se virodha upasthita hotA hai| santIraNa ke pazcAt voTThapanacitta hotA hai / santIraNa ke dvArA mImAMsA ke anantara 'yaha Alambana iSTa hai', athavA 'yaha Alambana aniSTa hai' isa prakAra prathaka-pRthaka
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________________ indriya-pratyakSa prakriyA : jaina evaM bauddha paramparA/ 331 avaccheda karanA voTThapana hai / yaha citta vyavasthApana kara letA hai / isakA samaya bhI eka kSaNa kA hai| isake pazcAt javanacitta hotA hai / javana bar3e vega se daur3atA hai| javana kA 'kRtya' Alambana kA anubhava karanA hai| yaha sAta kSaNavAlA mAnA gayA hai| ina donoM kI tulanA avAya se kI jA sakatI hai| ____ avAya meM vastu kA nizcaya ho jAtA hai / avAya AntamauhUrtika hai tathA javana bhI sAta kSaNavAlA hai / voTThapana meM kriyAcitta hai, isameM kleza nahIM hotA kintu javanabIja evaM kriyAcitta donoM hai / kuzala-akuzala citta javana meM hI hotA hai / javana meM hI bandha ho sakatA hai / javana meM vItarAga ke kriyAcitta evaM chadastha ke bIja citta hotA hai| jaina-paramparA meM dRSTipAta kareM to isa prakAra kA ullekha prApta nahIM hai yadyapi umAsvAti ne bIjabandhana evaM phalabandhana ina do bandhoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ____ghAtI karma bIjabandhana hai, aghAtI karma phalabandhana hai / bandha avAya meM hotA hai| aisA svIkAra karane meM jaina ko bhI zAyada koI Apatti nahIM honI cAhie kyoMki IhA Adi kI sthiti meM sampUrNa nizcayAtmakatA nahIM hotii| nizcayAtmakatA avAya meM hotI hai, ataH bandha bhI vahIM honA caahie| tadAlambana citta saMkramaNakAla hai| dhAraNA ko abhivyaJjita karanevAlA zabda bauddha-paramparA meM nahIM hai kintu javana evaM tadAlambana ke saMskAra bhavaGga citta meM rahate haiM vaha sthiti dhAraNA kI hai| paNDita sukhalAlajI saMghavI ne dhAraNA kI tulanA javanacitta se kI hai parantu DaoN. nathamala TATiyA ke anusAra javana avAya rUpa hai| - jaina-paramparA meM avagraha Adi ke svarUpa ko samajhAne ke lie mallaka, pratibodhaka Adi ke dRSTAnta die gae haiN| vaise hI bauddha-paramparA meM bhI cittavIthi ko samajhAne ke lie Amraphala, ikSunAr3I yantra Adi udAharaNoM kA ullekha hai / jaina-paramparA avagraha Adi ko kramazaH mAnatI hai| unameM vyutkrama nahIM ho sakatA arthAt avagraha se pahale IhA yA IhA se pahale avAya nahIM ho sakatA, vaise hI bauddha-paramparA meM bhI ina cittoM kA utpAda kramazaH hI hotA hai, inameM paraspara vyutkrama nahIM hotaa|
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________________ 332 zrutanizrita evaM azrutanizrita : utpatti evaM vikAsa matijJAna tathA zrutajJAna ina donoM jJAnoM meM zabda saMyojanA hai| isa zabda saMyojanA kI samAnatA ke kAraNa mati aura zruta kI bhinnatA kA bodha aspaSTa ho jAtA hai / zabda saMyoga ke kAraNa mati meM bhI zruta buddhi paidA ho jAtI hai| isake samAdhAnasvarUpa zrutanizrita evaM azrutanizrita kA vibhAga sAmane aayaa| . samAdhAna prastuta karate hue kahA gayA ki zabda se yukta ho jAne mAtra se koI jJAna zruta nahIM ho jAtA vaha zruta tabhI banatA hai jaba pada evaM padArtha ke pratisandhAna ke dvArA jJAna paidA hotA hai / matijJAna sAMvyAvahArika pratyakSa hai / isake do bheda kie gaezrutanizrita tathA ashrutnishrit| _ aitihAsika dRSTi se avalokana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki ye donoM bheda prAcIna nahIM haiM / inakA ullekha anuyogadvAra tathA Avazyaka niyukti meM nahIM hai| matijJAna ke avagraha Adi bhedoM kA nirUpaNa tathA usake bhI bahu kSipra ityAdi bheda zvetAmbara evaM digambara sAhitya meM samAna rUpa se upalabdha hote haiN| jabaki zrutanizrita evaM azrutanizrita kA ullekha mAtra zvetAmbarIya sAhitya meM hI dekhane ko milatA hai| zvetAmbara granthoM meM bhI inakA ulleka sarvaprathama nandIsUtra meM upalabdha hotA hai| vAcaka ke tattvArtha satra meM inakA ullekha nahIM hai| tattvArtha ke uttaravartI sAhitya vizeSAvazyaka meM inakA varNana prApta hai| sthAnAGga meM bhI inakI carcA hai / avagrahAdi cAra zrutanizrita mati ke bheda haiM tathA autpattikI Adi buddhi kA samAveza azrutanizrita matijJAna meM hai| yadyapi svayaM nandIkAraka ne matijJAna ke zrutanizrita evaM azrutanizrita ye do bheda kie haiN| phira bhI matijJAna ko 28 bhedavAlA hI sUcita kiyA hai| isase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki autpattikI Adi buddhiyoM ko mati meM samAviSTa karane ke lie mati ke do bheda kie para prAcIna paramparA meM mati meM unakA sthAna na hone se nandIkAra ne matijJAna ke 28 bheda hI kie haiN| anyathA cAra buddhiyoM ko milAne se to mati ke 32 bheda ho jAne cAhie the| AcArya yazovijayajI ne apanI pUrvavartI sampUrNa paramparAoM kA sAra jJAnabinda meM sthApita karane kA prazasya prayatna kiyA hai| isI kAraNa zrutanizrita evaM azrunizrita kA ullekha jJAnabindu meM upalabdha hai / aba eka prazna upasthita hotA hai ki ye do bheda
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________________ zrutanizrita evaM azrutanizrita : utpatti evaM vikAsa / 333 karane kI AvazyakatA kyoM huI? isa vibhAga ke pIche kyA pRSThabhUmi rahI hogii| isakA spaSTa ullekha prApta nahIM hai| yazovijayajI ne bhI isakA koI samAdhAna nahIM diyA hai| anyAnya bhAratIya darzana ke adhyayana se hI inakI utpatti ke kAraNa kA jJAna ho sakatA hai / savikalpaka evaM nirvikalpaka jJAna kI carcA bhAratIya darzana kA vimarzanIya bindu rahA hai aura sambhava yahI lagatA hai ki savikalpaka evaM nirvikalpaka jJAna nirUpaNa ke sandarbha meM kisI ke mana meM zrutanizrita evaM azrutanizrita kI avadhAraNAoM kI utpatti ___zabdAdvaitavAda ke anusAra koI bhI jJAna binA zabda ke paidA hI nahIM ho sktaa| unakA kahanA hai ki na so'sti pratyayo loke ya zabdAnugamAdRte / anuviddhamiva jJAnaM sarva zabdena bhaaste|| nyAya-darzana meM pratyakSa kI paribhASA dete hue kahA gayA'indriyArthasannikarvotpannaM jJAnamavyapadezyamavyabhicAri vyavasAyAtmakaM pratyakSam' yahAM vyavasAyAtmaka aura avyapadezya ye do zabda vimarzanIya haiN| unake anusAra indriya aura artha ke sannikarSa ke pazcAt avyapadezya vastu kA jJAna hotA hai arthAt padarahita padArtha kA jJAna hotA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki usa samaya zabda nahIM hotA kintu usa samaya zabda aura artha ke sambandha ke upayoga ke binA hI jJAna hotA hai, asya zabdasya idaM vAcyamasti' isa prakAra kA jJAna nahIM hotA tathA vaha jJAna vyavasAyAtmaka hotA hai / vikalpa ke binA jJAna meM vyavasAyAtmakatA nahIM ho sktii| ___bauddha-darzana kA abhimata hai ki pratyakSa jJAna nirvikalpaka hotA hai, usameM kisI bhI prakAra kA vikalpa sambhava nahIM hai parantu unakA yaha abhyupagama svayaM unake siddhAnta se hI nirAkRta ho jAtA hai| . bauddha-darzana meM tIna prakAra ke vikalpa mAne gae haiN| svabhAva, abhinirUpaNa aura anusmaraNa / inameM se prathama svabhAva vikalpa sAre jJAnoM meM rahatA hai, isake binA koI jJAna ho hI nahIM sktaa| abhinirUpaNa aura anusmaraNa vikalpa ke abhAva meM jJAna ko nirvikalpa kaha diyA jAtA hai ThIka aise hI svabhAva vikalpa se yukta jJAna ko bhI nirvikalpaka kaha diyA jAtA hai / vastutaH vaha jJAna savikalpaka hI hai| ' mImAMsA darzana meM bhI savikalpaka aura nirvikalpaka jJAna kI carcA hai| prathama
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________________ 334 / AItI-dRSTi honevAlA pratyakSa, jo zuddha vastu se paidA hotA hai usako nirvikalpaka kahA hai| bAda meM buddhi Adi ke dvArA usakA nizcaya ho jAtA hai asti hyAlocanaM jJAnaM prathamaM nirvikalpakaM, bAlamUkAdi vijJAnasadRzaM shuddhvstujm| / tata: paramapunarvastu nAmajAtyAdibhiryayA, buddhyAvasIyate sApi pratyakSatvena saMmatA / / kumArilla bhaTTa jaba yaha nizcita ho gayA ki zabda ke binA jJAna nahIM hotA, jJAna zabda ke sahAre hotA hai to usa jJAna ko pratyakSa kaise kahA jA sakatA hai vaha to zabda hI honA caahie| jaina ne isa samasyA kA samAdhAna zrutanizritatva ke dvArA diyA |unhoNne kahA zabda se yukta ho jAne mAtra se koI jJAna-zabda nahIM ho jAtA, vaha jJAna zruta-nizrita hai arthAt jo viSaya pahale zrata-zAstra ke dvArA jJAna ho kintu vartamAna meM zrata kA Alambana lie binA usase jAnanA zrutanizrita Abhinibodhika jJAna hai| vaha zAbda jJAna nahIM hai| pratyakSAtmaka hI hai, isako zrutanizrita matijJAna kI sambhAvita pRSThabhUmi mAnane meM zAyada koI Apatti nahIM honI caahie| tatra zrutaparikarmitamaterutpAdakAle zAstrArthaparyAlocanamapekSyaiva, .. yadupajAyate matijJAnaM tat shrutnishritm-avgrhaadi| azruta-nizrita kI kalpanA jaina-dArzanikoM kI maulika hai| vyavahAra meM aisA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai ki kabhI-kabhI vyaktiyoM ko apUrva jJAna paidA hotA hai jisake bAre meM sunA nahIM, par3hA nahIM athavA jaisA suna yA par3hA hai usase viparIta jJAna paidA hotA jaise pahale Geocenteric kI avadhAraNA kI hajAroM sAloM se yahI bAta calI A rahI thii| zAstroM meM bhI aisA likhA huA thA kintu gailIliyoM kA jJAna isase bhinna prakAra kA thaa| yaha autpattikI buddhi kA udAharaNa hai / ataeva viziSTa kSayopazama ke dvArA nisarga rUpa se jo jJAna paidA hotA hai usako azruta-nizrita matijJAna kahate haiN| azruta-nizrita kI utpatti kA hetu naisargika kSayopazama hai| . saMdarbha 1. abhidharma kosh| (1/33 A, B.)
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________________ zrutAnusArI azrutAnusArI kI avadhAraNA jaina-paramparA meM pAMca jJAna kI avadhAraNA bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUrvavartI hai| rAjapraznIya sUtra meM kezIzramaNa ke samvAda se isakI avagati hotI hai / AgamakAla meM mati Adi pAMca jJAnoM kA ullekha prApta hai kintu tArkika yuga meM ina avadhAraNAoM meM parivartana huA hai vaha AcArya siddhasena kI dena hai / AcArya siddhasena ne mati-zruta evaM avadhi-manaHparyava meM bheda nahIM mAnA hai| nizcayadvAtriMzikA meM unhoMne kahA 'vaiyarthyAtiprasaMgAbhyAM na matyabhyadhikaM zrutam' mati se atirikta zrutajJAna nahIM hai| use atirikta mAnane se vyarthatA aura atiprasaMgatA upasthita hotI hai| kintu siddhasena kI isa mAnyatA kA samarthana unake uttaravartI AcAryoM ne nahIM kiyaa| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne spaSTa rUpa se pA~ca jJAna kI Agamika paramparA ko hI svIkRti dI hai / jJAna-bindu ke kartA AcArya yazovijayajI ne bhI Agamika paramparA kA sAtha diyA hai tathA siddhasena ke pUrvapakSa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kI paribhASA prastuta kI hai--matijJAnatvaM zrutAnanusAryanatizayita jJAnatvam, avagrahAdikramavadupayogajanyajJAnatvaM vaa| zrutatu shrutaanusaaryev| jJAna-bindu pR.6 uparyukta paribhASAoM meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa dvArA pradatta paribhASA kA prati bimba hai iMdiyamaNonimitaM jaM viNNANaM suyaanusaarennN| niyayatyuttisamatthaM taM bhAvasuyaM maI sesN|| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA. 100 - jo jJAna zrutAnusArI nahIM hotA vaha matijJAna hai tathA jo zrutAnusArI hotA hai vaha zrutajJAna hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM zrutAnusAritva tathA zrutAnanusAritva kI vyAkhyA karanA upayukta hogaa| zrutAnusAritvaM ca dhAraNAtmakapadArthasambandhapratisaMdhAnajanyatva-jJAnatvaM . jJAnabindu, pR. 6
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________________ 336 / ArhatI-dRSTi dhAraNAtmaka jJAna ke dvArA vAcya vAcaka sambandha ke saMyojana se jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai vaha zrutAnusArI hai| isakI hI pratidhvani nandI TIkA meM hai|- 'saMketakAlapravRttaM zrutagranthasambandhinaM vAghaTAdizabdamanusRtya vAcyavAcakabhAvena saMyojya 'ghaTo ghaTaH' ityAdyanta lpAkAramantazabdollekhAnvitamindriyAdinimittaM yajjJAnamudeti tcchutjnyaanmiti|' nndiisuutrm| - saMketakAla meM tathA zrutagrantha se sambandhita ghaTAdi zabda kA anusaraNa karake vAcyavAcaka bhAva se yukta 'yaha ghaTa hai' / isa prakAra zabdollekha se sampanna indriyAdi ke dvArA utpanna jJAna zrutAnusArI hone se zrutajJAna hai| saMketa, paropadeza, zrutagranthAtmakazabda ke anusAra, utpanna honevAlA zrutAnusArI zrutajJAna hai| dhAraNAtmaka jJAna ke dvArA vAcya-vAcaka sambandha saMyojana ke binA tathA saMketa paropadeza Adi ke binA jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai| vaha azrutAnusArI (zrutAnanusArI) matijJAna hai| Those Congnitions of objects, which are totally free from all verbal associations or at best are conversant with the mere names of their objects, fall in the category of Math, which while their Further continuations with the help of the language fall in the category of Sruta. ___Studies in Jaina Philosophy. p.56. jo jJAna zabdollekhayukta hotA hai vaha zrutajJAna hai tathA jo zabdollekharahita hotA hai vaha matijJAna hai / isa sandarbha meM zaMkA prastuta karate hue kahA gayA ki yadi zabdollekhI zrutajJAna hI hai taba avagraha hI mati kA bheda ho sakatA hai / avaziSTa IhA Adi sAmilApa hone se matijJAna ke bheda nahIM ho sakate tathA aisA svIkAra karane se zrutajJAna kA lakSaNa ativyApti doSa se tathA matijJAna kA lakSaNa avyApti doSa se dUSita ho jaaegaa| kyoMki zabdollekha zrutajJAna kI taraha IhA Adi meM bhI prApta hai tathA zabdollekha vikalatA matijJAna ke sAre bhedoM meM nahIM hai| samAdhAna prastuta karate hue kahA gayA ki yadyapi IhA Adi sAbhilApaM hai kintu sazabda hone mAtra se ve zrutarUpa nahIM ho sakate / mati ke aMgabhUta IhA Adi sAbhilApa honepara bhI zrutAnusArI nahIM hai, ve zrutajJAna ke bheda nahIM hai| ataH matijJAna ke lakSaNa
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________________ zrutAnusArI azrutAnusArI kI avadhAraNA | 337 meM avyApti doSa kI udbhAvanA nahIM ho sakatI tathA zrutajJAna sazabdatA ke sAtha zrutAnusArI hogaa| ataH isakA lakSaNa bhI ativyApti doSa dUSita nahIM hai| ataeva matijJAna ke bheda IhA Adi meM tathA zrutajJAna meM sAkSaratva kI samAnatA hone para bhI inake lakSaNoM meM saMkIrNatA nahIM ho sktii|| ____ punaH zaMkA upasthita karate hue kahA gayA IhA Adi kA sAbhilApatvayukti siddha hai kyoMki saMketakAla meM sune gae zabdoM ke binA yaha utpanna nahIM hotI hai, phira inako zrutAnusArI kyoM nahIM kahA gayA hai| samAdhAna prastuta karate hue kahA gayA ki pahale zrutaparikarmita mati se utpanna hone ke kAraNa inako zrutanizrita kahA gayA kintu vyavahArakAla meM unakA zrutAnusAritva nahIM hai| ataeva ve zrutanizrita to hai : kintu zrutAnusArI nahIM hai| ____ matijJAna azrutAnusArI hI hotA hai| kintu vaha zrutanizrita bhI hotA hai tathA azrutanizrita bhI hotA hai| sthAnAMga-sUtra meM Abhinibodhika ko zruta-azrutanizrita ke bheda se do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai tathA unake bhI vyaJjanAvagraha arthAvagraha ke bheda se do prakAra batalAe gae haiN| "These avagraha the etc. can be either shrutanisrita backed by scriptural learning as asrutanisrita not backed by scriptural learning. -Studies in Jaina Philosophy--p.44. nandI meM zrutanizrita, azrutanizrita ye donoM bheda matijJAna ke batAe haiM kintu avagrahAdi zrutanizrita ke bheda haiM tathA autpattikI Adi azrutanizrita matijJAna ke bheda ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita hai tathA azrutanizrita ke avagraha Adi hote haiM yA nahIM, isakA ullekha nahIM hai / jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne sthAnAMga kI paramparA kA anupAlana karate hue zruta-azruta nizrita donoM ke avagraha Adi mAne haiM tathA autpattikI buddhi ke avagraha Adi kA kukkuTa ke dRSTAnta se nirUpaNa kiyA hai| . nandI ke anusAra, avagraha Adi kevala zrutanizrita mati ke prakAra haiM tathA 'sthAnAMga ke anusAra donoM ke haiN| prazna upasthita hotA hai autpattikI buddhi se vyaJjanAvagraha kaise ho sakatA hai kyoMki buddhi indrijAja nahIM kintu mAnasika hai / mana aprApyakArI hone se usake vyaJjanAvagraha nahIM ho sktaa| isakA samAdhAna sthAnAMgavRttikAra ne diyA hai| unhoMne azrutanizrita mati ke bhI do prakAra batalAe haiN|
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________________ 338 / AhatI-dRSTi zrutanizrita-azrutanizrita kI paribhASA 1. zrutanizrita-jo viSaya pahale zrutazAstra ke dvArA jJAta ho kintu vartamAna __ meM zruta kA Alambana lie binA hI use jAnanA zruta-nizrita Abhinibodhika jJAna hai| tatra zAkhAparikarmitamaterutpAdakAle zAstrArthaparyAlocanamanapekSyaiva yadupajAyate matijJAnaM tat zrutanizritam-avagrahAdi vyavahArakAla se pUrva jisakI matizruta parikarmita (vAsita) hai kintu vyavahArakAla meM zrutanirapekSa jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha zrutanizrita hai| vizeSAvazyaka meM kahA gayA hai pudi suaparikammiyamaissa NaM saMpayaM suAIaM taM NissiyamiyaraM puNa aNissiyaM mai cuktN| . __ jaina tattva vidyA meM AcArya zrI tulasI ne kahA hai -jo buddhi atIta meM zAstra paryAlocana se pariSkRta ho gaI ho, para vartamAna meM zAstraparyAlocana ke binA utpanna ho vaha buddhi zrutanizrita mati kahalAtI hai| 2 azrutanizrita-zAstroM ke abhyAsa binA hI viziSTa kSayopazama bhAva se yathArtha avabodha karAnevAlI buddhi azrutanizrita mati kahalAtI hai| jo buddhi pUrva meM zrutaparikarmita nahIM hotI svataH hI viziSTa prakAra ke kSayopazama se prApta hotI hai vaha azruta-nizrita hai| autpattikI Adi cAra buddhiyAM azruta-nizrita mati ke prakAra haiN| ____ghaTa sAmane AyA aura jalAdi AharaNa-kriyA samartha mRnmayAdi ghaTa ko jAna liyaa| yahAM jJAnakAla meM zruta kA sahArA nahIM liyA gyaa| isalie yaha zruta kA anusArI nahIM hai kintu isase pUrva ghaTa zabda kA vAcyArtha yaha padArtha hotA hai / yaha jAnA huA thA, isalie vaha zruta-nizrita hai| ____ jo pUrva meM na to dRSTa hai, na zruta hai kintu vizeSa kSayopazama se jJAna prApti hotI hai vaha azruta-nizrita mati hai| jaise gailIliyo se pahale koI jAnatA hI nahIM thA ki pRthvI sUrya ke cAroM tarapha cakkara lagAtI hai kintu yaha jJAna thA ki sUrya cakkara lagAtA hai| usane kahA sUrya nahIM apitu pRthvI sUrya ke cAroM tarapha cakkara lagAtI hai| yaha azruta-nizrita matijJAna kA.udAharaNa hai|
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________________ kAlika evaM utkAlika sUtra prAcIna jaina-paramparA meM zrutajJAna kA sambandha mAtra AgamoM se thaa| yadyapi usake svarUpa meM bAda meM parivartana hotA AyA hai parantu prAcIna paramparA meM jina pravacana ko hI zrutajJAna kahA jAtA thaa| tattvArtha bhASya meM pradatta usake paryAyavAcI zabdoM se isakA spaSTa avabodha ho jAtA hai| zrutamAptavacanamAgama upadeza aitihyAmnAyaH pravacanaM jinvcnmitynaantrm| . ___ nandIsUtra meM zrutajJAna ko caturdaza bhedavAlA batalAyA hai / saMkSepa meM usake do bheda bhI kie haiM--aMga-praviSTa evaM aMga-bAhya (anaMga praviSTa / prazna upasthita hotA hai, jaba ye do bheda caudaha bhedoM ke antargata A gae the phira inakA pRthak vyAkhyAna kyoM kiyA gayA? TIkAkAroM ne samAdhAna prastuta karate hue kahA ki una caudaha bhedoM kA bhI samAveza ina do bhedoM meM ho jAtA hai| ataH arhat praNIta hone se inakA vaiziSTya sthApita karane ke lie hI inakA pathak vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA artharUpa meM kahe gae tathA gaNadharoM evaM sthaviroM dvArA sUtrarUpa meM gUMthe gae zAstroM ko Agama kahate haiN| . __ ye Agama do bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiM--aMga-praviSTa evaM anaMga-praviSTa / aMga-praviSTa Agama dvAdaza bhedoM meM vibhakta hai / nandI meM zruta-puruSa kI kalpanA kI gaI hai / aMga-praviSTa AgamoM ko zruta-puruSa ke avayava ke rUpa meM svIkArA gayA hai| do paira, do jaMghA, eka peTa eka pITha, do bAha, do uru, eka grIvA tathA eka sira-ye bAraha zruta-puruSa ke aMga hai| aMga-bAhya Agama bhinna-bhinna sthaviroM dvArA race gae haiN| ye bhI bAraha prakAra ke hai kintu ye zruta-puruSa ke avayava nahIM hai / dvAdazAMga hI zruta puruSa ke avayava hai| ___ aMga-praviSTa evaM aMga-bAhya AgamoM kA vibhAjana kAlika evaM utkAlika ina do bhedoM meM kiyA gayA hai| kAlika-satra unheM kahA jAtA hai jinakA adhyayana niyatakAla meM kiyA jAtA hai arthAt unake svAdhyAya kA samaya niyata hotA hai| jo sUtra divasa aura rAtri ke prathama evaM antima do praharoM meM par3he jAte haiM ve kAlika kahalAte haiM tathA jinakI kAla-belA kA koI niyama nahIM hotA ve utkAlika sUtra hai| jina sUtroM kA adhyayana dIkSA-paryAya ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai ve bhI kAlikasUtra kahalAte haiN| (vyavahArasUtra, 298)
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________________ 340 / ArhatI-dRSTi . Avazyaka niyukti meM kahA gayA hai ki kAlika-sUtra ve kahalAte haiM jahAM unakI naya se vyAkhyA nahIM kI jAtI hai| Aryavajra ke samaya taka sAre sUtroM kA cAhe ve aMgapraviSTa the yA aMgabAhya, unakI vyAkhyA cAra anuyogoM ke sAtha nayoM ke dvArA kI jAtI thii| kintu usake pazcAt AryarakSita ne cAra anuyogoM ko pRthak kara diyaa| kyoMki durbalikA puSyamitra jaise dhurandhara pratibhAzAlI ziSya bhI jaba cAra anuyoga-sahita sUtroM kA smaraNa karane meM kaThinAI kA anubhava karane lage taba ziSyoM kI kamajora buddhi ke kAraNa ina cAra anuyogoM ko pRthak kara diyA gyaa| . .. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM gamika evaM agamika kI bheda-rekhA karate samaya kahA ki jinake pATha sadRza haiM, ve gamika-sUtra haiM, jaise-dRSTivAda tathA jinake pATha asadRza haiM, gAthA, zloka Adi rUpa meM haiM ve agamika sUtra hai tathA ve hI kAlika sUtra haiN|' vizeSAvazyaka meM hI anyatra prathama anuyoga (caraNa karaNAnuyoga) se sambandhita ko 'kAlika-sUtra kahA gayA hai / haribhadra tathA malladhArI hemacandra ne 11 aMgoM ko kAlika kahA hai kyoMki inakA adhyayana maryAdita samaya meM hI kiyA jAtA hai| ___nandI-sUtra meM pradatta zrutajJAna ke bheda-prabhedoM ko tathA unake kAlika-utkAlika bhedoM ko nimna tAlikA se samajha sakate haiM zrutajJAna aMga-praviSTa , aMga bAhya dvAdazAMga Avazyakavyatirikta Avazyaka gamika agamika chaha vibhAgavAlA dRSTivAda 11aMga kAlika * utkAlika utkAlika kAlika nandI-sUtra meM aMga-viSTa ke 12 bheda kie haiM / tAlikA meM pradatta anya bheda usake phalitArtha ke rUpa meM upalabdha hote haiN| nandI meM zrutajJAna ke gamika evaM agamika do bheda kie gae haiN| vahAM agamika sUtra ko kAlika kahA hai / agamika evaM kAlika ye
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________________ kAlika evaM utkAlika sUtra / 341 donoM zabda paryAyavAcI ke rUpa meM prayukta hue haiN| nandI ke sandarbha meM hama dvAdazAMga kA vibhAga kareM to vaha do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hotA hai-gamika evaM agamika / gamika dRSTivAda hai tathA agamika kAlikasUtra AcArAMga Adi 11 aMga haiN| jaba agamika ko kAlika kahA gayA to usakA phalitArtha ho jAtA hai ki gamika dRSTivAda utkAlika hai / dRSTivAda jo Aja upalabdha nahIM hai, kahA jAtA hai ki usameM anya darzanoM kA varNana thaa| anya dArzanika jisa kisI bhI samaya carcA ke lie A jAte the, ataH usakA samaya nizcita nahIM thA, isalie vaha utkAlika sUtra ke rUpa meM parigaNita thaa| anuyoga-dvAra meM pAMca jJAna kI carcA karate samaya sarvaprathama zrutajJAna ke bhedoM-prabhedoM kA varNana hai| vahAM para AgamoM ke kAlika, utkAlika kI carcA hai| nandI aura anuyoga-dvAra meM upalabdha Agama-vibhAga paraspara samAna haiM yA viSama-isa viSaya para cintana apekSita hai| anuyoga-dvAra meM zrutajJAna ke aMga-praviSTa aura aMga-bAhya ye do bheda upalabdha haiN| aMga-bAhya ko yahAM para kAlika evaM utkAlika-ina do bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai / utkAlika sUtra Avazyaka evaM Avazyakavyatirikta ke bheda se do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai| nandI tathA anuyoga meM upalabdha Agama-vibhAga meM aMga-praviSTa ke kAlika, utkAlika ye bheda upalabdha nahIM haiM / nandI meM jahAM aMga-praviSTa ke 12 bheda haiM tathA phalitArtha ke rUpa meM hama unakA utkAlika ke rUpa meM bheda kara cuke haiM, vahAM anuyoga-dvAra meM aMga-praviSTa ke bhedoM kI carcA nahIM hai| yahAM kevala aMga-bAhya ke bheda hI prApta haiN| anuyoga-dvAra aMga-bAhya ke do bheda karatA hai-kAlika evaM utkAlika tathA isake pazcAt utkAlika ke do bheda karatA hai--Avazyaka aura Avazyakavyatirikta / jabaki nandI meM aMga-bAhya ke Avazyaka aura Avazyaka vyatirikta ye do bheda haiM tathA Avazyakavyatirikta ke kAlika evaM utkAlika ye do bheda haiN| . aba eka mahattvapUrNa prazna hamAre sAmane upasthita hotA hai ki nandI meM Avazyaka vyatirikta ke kAlika evaM utkAlika ye do bheda haiM jabaki anuyoga-dvAra meM utkAlika ke Avazyaka aura Avazyaka vyatirikta ye do bheda haiM / sthUla dRSTi se yaha vibhAjana virodhagrasta pratIta hotA hai, parantu isa virodha kA samAdhAna bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai / anuyoga-dvAra ke vaktavya se hama aisA kyoM mAneM ki sAre Avazyaka vyatirikta utkAlika hI haiM? ina AgamoM meM kucha utkAlika bhI haiM aura kucha kAlika bhI haiM--aisA mAnanA
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________________ 342 / ArhatI-dRSTi anuyoga-dvAra ke kathana ke viruddha nahIM hogA, kyoMki anuyoga-dvAra aMga-bAhya ke bheda karate samaya pahale hI Avazyaka vyatirikta ke kAlika sUtroM ko pRthak kara detA hai, jabaki nandI Avazyaka vyatirikta ke hI kAlika evaM utkAlika ye do bheda karatI hai| ataH donoM ke tAtparyArtha meM koI virodha nahIM hai| dUsarA mahattvapUrNa prazna hai ki Avazyaka sUtra kAlika hai yA utkAlika / nandI ne Avazyaka ko kAlika evaM utkAlika kisI bhI vibhAga meM samAviSTa nahIM kiyA hai| anuyoga-dvAra meM Avazyaka ke utkAlika hone kA spaSTa ullekha prApta hai / prazna ho sakatA hai ki nandI ne isako utkAlika kyoM nahIM kahA? kintu jarUrI nahIM hai ki sabake bAre meM sampUrNa vaktavya prApta ho / apanI vivakSA dRSTi se hI vaktavya kahe jAte haiN| nandI kI yaha vivakSA nahIM hogI |nndiikaar ko yaha kathana mahattvapUrNa nahIM lagA hogaa| kucha bhI ho, Avazyaka ke utkAlika hone kA spaSTa nirdeza anuyoga meM prApta hai jo samIcIna hai / jayAcArya ne uttarAdhyayana ke 26veM adhyayana kI jor3a meM Avazyaka sUtra ko kAlika evaM utkAlika se bhinna kahA hai| nandI evaM anuyoga-dvAra donoM ke Agama vibhAga ko saMyojita karane para kAlika evaM utkAlika se sambandhita eka paripUrNa Agama vibhAga hameM upalabdha hotA hai jo tAlikA se spaSTa hai| .. zrutajJAna / aMga praviSTa aMga bAhya kAlika utkAlika kAlika utkAlika 11aMga dRSTivAda uttarAdhyayana, jIvAbhigama dazAzrutaskandha, candraprajJapti, jambUdvIpa prajJapti Adi Avazyaka vyatirikta Avazyaka dazavaikAlika, opapAtika, chaha vibhAgavAlA rAjapraznIya Adi
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________________ kAlika evaM utkAlika sUtra / 343 saMdarbha .. 1. taM samAsao duvihaM-aMgapaviTuM aMgabAhiraM c| nandIsUtra, 73 2. pAdudurga jaMghoru gAtadugaddhaM tu do ya baahuuo|| gIvA siraM ca puriso bArasaaMgo sutvisittttho|| naMdI cUrNi, 56 3. yadiha divasa-nizi prathama-pazcimapauruSIdvayaM paThyate tat kAlena nirvataM kaalikm| __ . yat punaH kAlavelAvarja paThyate tadutkAlikam // nandI vRtti, pR.70 4. mUr3hanaiyaM suyaM kAliyaM tu Na NayA samoyaraMti ihN|| ahutte samoyAro natthi pahutte samoyAro // A. ni. gA, 762 5. A ni. gA, 773 / 6. vizeSA. ga., 549 / 7. vi. gA, 2294-95 / .
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________________ dhArAvAhika jJAna : prAmANya eka ciMtana .. pratyeka bhAratIya dArzanika ne prameya kI siddhi ke lie pramANa ko svIkAra kiyA hai| cAhe ve dArzanika iMdriyavAdI the, anindriyavAdI athavA ubhyvaadii| kintu apane maMtavyAnusAra unhoMne pramANa ko svIkRti dii| pramANa kI svIkRti ke bAda prazna ubharA kaunasA jJAna pramANa hai| pramANa ke prAmANya ke bAre meM vizada vivecana kiyA gyaa| jaina dArzanikoM ke atirikta sabhI bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne smRti ko apramANa svIkAra kiyaa| smRti ke saMdarbha kI carcA pramANa zAstra meM zurU se hI calI A rahI hai| kiMtu dhArAvAhika jJAna pramANa hai yA apramANa isa carcA kA prArambha sambhavataH sabase pahale bauddha vidvAn dharmakIrti ne kiyaa| ve dhArAvAhika jJAna ko pramANa mAnane ke pakSa meM nahIM the| dhArAvAhika jJAna kA tAtparya hai ki eka hI vastu kA bAra-bAra jJAna honaa| ghaTa ko jAnA usake bAda 'ghaTo'yam, ghaTo'yam' isa prakAra, kI AvRtti vAlA jJAna dhArAvAhika kahalAtA hai| . vAcaspati zrIdhara, jayaMta, udayana prabhRti saMpUrNa nyAya-vaizeSika vidvAnoM ne dhArAvAhika jJAna ko pramANa mAnA hai / ataeva unhoMne apane pramANa lakSaNa meM anadhigata' pada kA hI prayoga nahIM kiyaa| mImAMsA darzana kI prabhAkarIya evaM kumArilIya donoM paraMparAoM ne dhArAvAhika jJAna ko pramANa svIkAra kiyA hai para usakA svIkaraNa tathA samarthana bhinna prakAra se kiyaa| prabhAkara anugAmI zAlikAnAtha 'kAlakalA kA jJAna mAne binA anubhati' hone mAtra se use pramANa mAnA haiN| unake isa abhyupagama se pratIta hotA hai ki ve nyAyavaizeSika paraMparA se prabhAvita hue haiM / kumArila paraMparA ne pramANa lakSaNa meM 'apUrNa' zabda kA prayoga kiyA / kumArilAnugAmI pArthasArathI ne zAstradIpikA meM dhArAvAhika jJAnoM ke madhya 'sUkSmakAlakalA' kI pratIti mAnakara usa jJAna ke prAmANya ko svIkAra kiyA hai / aisI kalpanA kie binA ve apUrva pada ko vyAkhyAyita bhI nahIM kara sakate haiM / sUkSmakAlakalA ke jJAna se unhoMne apUrva pada ko bhI spaSTa kara diyA hai tathA dhArAvAhika jJAna kA prAmANya bhI svIkAra kara liyA hai| . darzana ke kSetra meM isa naI carcA kA sUtrapAta karane vAlI bauddha paraMparA meM bhI pramAtA bheda se dhArAvAhika jJAna kA prAmANya-aprAmANya svIkRta hai| hetu biMdu kI
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________________ dhArAvAhika jJAna : prAmANya eka ciMtana | 345 TIkA meM arcaTa ne yogigata 'dhArAvAhika jJAna meM 'sUkSmakAlakalA' kA jJAna mAnakara use pramANa kahA hai tathA sAdhAraNa pramAtAoM ke dhArAvAhika jJAna ko sUkSmakAlakalA kA bhedagrAhaka na hone se apramANa kahA hai| dharmottara ne spaSTa rUpa se dhArAvAhika jJAna kA ullekha karake to kucha nahIM kahA kiMtu unake sAmAnya kathana se unakA jhukAva dhArAvAhika ko apramANa mAnane kA pratIta hotA hai| jaina paraMparA ke aMtargata zvetAmbara evaM digambara vicAradhArA kA prAyaH sabhI tArkika muddoM meM sAmaJjasya hai| kiMtu dhArAvAhika jJAna ke prAmANya-apramANya ke prasaMga meM vaha sAmaJjasya nahIM hai / dhArAvAhika jJAna ko lekara jaina paraMparA meM do dhArAeM cala par3I / digambara AcArya dhArAvAhika jJAna ko apramANa mAnate the| zvetAmbara AcArya dhArAvAhika jJAna ke prAmANya ke samarthaka the| AcArya akalaMka ne pramANa ke lakSaNa meM 'anadhigatArthagrAhI' vizeSaNa lagAkara eka naI paraMparA kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| AcArya akalaMka bauddha vidvAn dharmakIrti se prabhAvita hue haiM aisA pratIta hotA hai| AcArya akalaMka kA pratibiMba AcArya mANikyanandI para pdd'aa| unhoMne apane pramANa lakSaNa meM 'apUrva' pada ko dekara akalaMka ke anadhigatArtha grAhI vizeSaNa kA samarthana kiyA hai| 'svApUrvArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam' apanA aura apUrva artha kA nizcaya karane vAlA jJAna pramANa hai| apUrva zabda jaina-paraMparA ke lie nayA thaa| isalie mANikyanandI ne isakA artha spaSTa karane ke lie eka atirikta sUtra kI racanA kI 'anizcito'pUrvArthaH' jo artha anizcita hai, ajJAta hai, vaha apUrva hai / isake pazcAt bhI unhoMne kahA-'dRSTo'pi samAropAttAdRk jo kevala ajJAta hai vahI apUrva nahIM hai kiMtu jo jJAta hai usameM yadi saMzaya Adi utpanna ho jAe to vaha apUrva hI hai| mANikyanandI ke vyAkhyAkAra AcArya prabhAcandra ne ina sUtroM kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki dhArAvAhika jJAna pramANa nahIM hai| ise spaSTa karane ke lie hI AcArya ne pramANa lakSaNa meM apUrva pada kA grahaNa kiyA hai| akalaMka ke anugAmI vidyAnanda evaM mANikyanandI ke vyAkhyAtA prabhAcandra ke TIkA graMthoM kA avalokana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki dhArAvAhika jJAna tabhI pramANa hai jaba ve kSaNabhedAdi-vizeSa jJAna karate haiM tathA viziSTa pramAjanaka hote haiM / yadi vaha aisA nahIM karate taba vaha pramANa nahIM hote haiN| dhArAvAhika jJAna jisa aMza meM viziSTa pramAjanaka nahIM haiM usa aMza meM apramANa tathA vizeSAMza meM viziSTa pramAjanaka hone ke
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________________ 346 / ArhatI-dRSTi kAraNa pramANa haiM / anya jaina dArzanikoM kI taraha smRti ko pramANa mAnane vAle akaleka evaM mANikyanandI ke apUrva evaM anadhigata isa pada kA sAmaJjasya uparyukta vyAkhyA se hI ho sakatA hai| sarvathA agRhItagrAhI ko hI pramANa mAnane se smRti ko ve pramANa kaise kaha sakate the| AcArya prabhAcandra ne kaMthacid apUrvArthagrAhI jJAna ke prAmANya kA samarthana kiyA tathA sarvathA apUrvArthagrAhI kA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| yadi apUrvArtha kA jJAna pramANa hai to taimirika rogI ko AkAza meM eka ke do candramA dikhAI dete haiM jo kabhI kisI ko dikhAI nahIM dete| ataH vaha bhI pramANa ho jAegA ataeva kathaMcid apUrvArthagrAhI ko hI pramANa mAnanA caahie| digambara AcArya vidyAnanda ne gRhItagrAhI evaM agRhItagrAhI isa prazna ko upasthita karanA bhI ucita nahIM samajhA unhoMne tattvArthazlokavArtika meM kahA- ... gRhItamagRhItaM vA svArtha yadi vyavasyati / tanna loke na zAstreSu, vijahAti pramANatAm / / jJAna cAhe gRhItagrAhI ho athavA agRhItagrAhI yadi vaha svayaM kA evaM padArtha kA nizcaya kAraka hai to usakI prAmANikatA meM kisI bhI prakAra kI bAdhA nahIM hai| . unhoMne svArthavyavasAyAtmaka jJAna ke atirikta anya vizeSaNoM ke aucitya ko bhI svIkAra nahIM kiyA tattvArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM maanmitiiytaa| lakSaNena gatArthatvAt, vyarthamanyad vizeSaNam / / zvetAmbara paraMparA ne eka svara se dhArAvAhika jJAna ke prAmANya kA samarthana kiyaa| dhArAvAhika jJAna ko apramANa kahane vAloM ke sAtha unakA virodha thaa| kisI bhI zvetAmbara dArzanika, tArkika ne apane pramANa lakSaNa meM apUrva tathA anadhigata isa pada ko svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| unake vicArAnusAra gRhItagrAhitva prAmANya kA vighAtaka nahIM hai, ataeva unake mata se dhArAvAhika jJAna meM viSaya-bheda se athavA pramAtA-bheda kI apekSA se pramANya-aprAmANya mAnane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai| ___ AcArya hemacandra ne bar3I hI sUkSmatA evaM saralatA ke sAtha apanI prasanna evaM sayuktika zailI ke dvArA agRhItagrAhI ko hI pramANa mAnane vAloM kA nirAkaraNa kiyaa| unhoMne gRhItagrAhI evaM grahISyamANagrAhI donoM ko hI pramANa mAnA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki dravya kI apekSA gRhItagrAhitva ke prAmANya kA niSedha haiM athavA paryAya
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________________ dhArAvAhika jJAna : prAmANya eka ciMtana | 347 ko apekSA se| paryAya kI apekSA se dhArAvAhika jJAna gRhItagrAhI nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki paryAya kSaNika hai / ve naI-naI utpanna hotI rahatI haiN| ve kabhI bhI gRhItagrAhI ho nahIM sakatI, ataeva usakA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie pramANa lakSaNa meM apUrvapada rakhanA vyartha hai| yadi dravya kI apekSA gRhItagrAhI ke prAmANya kA niSedha karate haiM to yaha bhI yukti saMgata nahIM hai kyoMki dravya traikAlika hai nitya hai, ataH dravya kI apekSA gRhItagrAhI evaM grahISyamANagrAhI meM koI aMtara nahIM AtA hai| aisI sthiti meM gRhItagrAhI ko apramANa evaM gRhISyamANagrAhI ko pramANa mAnanA tarkasaMgata nahIM ho sktaa| jaina paraMparA meM gRhItagrAhI hone para bhI avagraha, IhA Adi ko pramANa mAnA hai, unake viSaya bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiN| yadi inake viSaya bhinna mAne jAeM to avagraha se jJAta ko IhA grahaNa nahIM kara sktii| IhA se jJAta padArtha kA avAya nirNaya nahIM kara sktii| aisA kahA jAe avagraha IhA Adi kramazaH vastu kI apUrva paryAya ko prakAzita karate haiM, ataeva anadhigatagrAhI hai| isa kathana ke AdhAra para to kisI bhI jJAna ko gRhItagrAhI kahA hI nahIM jA skegaa| ataeva yaha suspaSTa hai ki dhArAvAhika jJAna pramANa hai|
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________________ prAmANya : svataH yA parataH yathArtha jJAna pramANa hai| kintu usakI yathArthatA kA jJAna kaise hotA hai ? jJAna svasaMvedI hotA hai| jJAna ko apanA jJAna to ho jAtA hai para maiM samyak hU~ athavA asamyaka hU~, isakI anubhUti jJAna ko kisa mAdhyama se hotI hai? svataH hotI hai athavA parataH / prAmANya aprAmANya ke svatastva evaM paratastva kI avadhAraNA dArzanika kSetra kI pramukha carcA rahI hai| prAmANya ke svatastva evaM paratastva kI carcA kA udgama srota vedoM ko pramANa evaM apramANa mAnanevAle do pakSa haiN| jaba jaina, bauddha Adi vidvAna vedoM ke prAmANya kA niSedha karane lage haiN| taba nyAya-vaiziSika mImAMsaka Adi vidvAnoM ne vedoM ke prAmANya kA samarthana karanA zurU kara diyaa| prArambha meM prAmANya ke svataH-parataH kI carcA zabda pramANa taka hI sImita thI kinta eka bAra dArzanika kSetra meM praveza karane ke pazcAt yaha carcA sampUrNa pramANoM ke sandarbha meM sthApita kara dI gii| ... vedoM ke prAmANya ko svIkAra karanevAle vidvAnoM ne bhI vedoM ke prAmANya kA samarthana bhinna prakAra se kiyA hai| naiyAyika-vaizeSika Izvara kI sattA ko svIkAra karate haiN| ataeva unhoMne veda kA prAmANya IzvaramUlaka sthApita kiyaa| jaba vedoM kA prAmANya svIkRta huA to vaise hI anya pramANoM kA prAmANya bhI parataH mAnA gyaa| prAmANya kI taraha aprAmANya ko bhI parataH svIkAra kiyaa| niSakarSataH prAmANya evaM aprAmANya ko nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM parataH svIkAra kiyA gyaa| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra artha-kriyA ke jJAna se arthAt pravRtti sAphalya se pramANa ke prAmANya kA nizcaya hotA hai / unakA abhyupagama hai-'pramANato'rthapratipatau pravRttisAmarthyAdarthavat prmaannm|' pramANa se artha pratipati hone para pravRtti sAphalya ke dvArA pramANa kA prAmANya nizcita hotA hai arthAt naiyAyika-vaizeSika kA prAmANya kA niyAmaka tattva-pravRtti sAphalya hai / jalajJAna hone ke pazcAt pramAtA usameM pravRtti karatA hai usake dvArA yadi usakI pipAsA, udanyA zAnta ho jAtI hai to isase jJAta hotA hai ki usakA jalajJAna satya thA yadi pipAsA, dAha zAnta nahIM hote haiM to pUrva-upalabdha jalajJAna asatya ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra prAmANya evaM aprAmANya donoM kI jJapti pravRti sAphalya se hone ke kAraNa parataH huii|
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________________ prAmANya : svataH yA parataH / 349 mImAMsaka vedoM ke prAmANya kA samarthana to karate haiM kintu unakI vicAradhArA naiyAyikoM se viparIta hai / ve IzvaravAdI nahIM hai ataeva vedoM kA prAmANya IzvaramUlaka na kahakara svataH svIkAra karate haiN| unake anusAra veda meM kathita vAkya svataH pramANa hai unake prAmANya ke lie kisI anya kI apekSA nahIM hai| isalie hI unhoMne vedoM ko apauruSeya svIkAra kiyA hai / pauruSeya svIkAra karane para unakA prAmANya SuruSAzrita hone se parataH hotA hai| ____ veda-kathita saba svataH pramANa haiM / unakA jJAna kisI puruSa vizeSa ko kisI bhI avasthA meM nahIM ho sktaa| mImAMsakoM kA mAnanA hai ki artha jJAta karane kI zakti ko athavA artha jAnanevAlI kriyA ko prAmANya kahate haiN| vaha prAmANya jJAnamAtra ko utpanna karanevAlI sAmagrI se hI utpanna hotA hai / usa prAmANya ke lie jJAna ko utpanna karanevAlI sAmagrI ke atirikta anya kisI bhI sAmagrI kI apekSA nahIM hotii| veda kA svataHprAmANya svIkAra karane se pratyakSAdi anya pramANoM kA prAmANya unhoMne svataH svIkAra kiyA svataH sarvapramANAnAM prAmANyamiti gmytaam| na hi svato'satI zaktiH kartumanyenapAryate // . (mImAM. zlo. 2-47) sAre pramANoM kA prAmANya svataH hI jJAta ho jAtA hai kyoMki jo zakti svayaM avidyamAna hai use koI dUsarA utpanna karane meM samartha nahIM ho sktaa| unakA kahanA hai yadi prAmANya svataH nahIM mAnA jAegA to prAmANya kA jJAna kabhI ho nahIM skegaa| pUrvajJAna ko pramANita karane ke lie. anya jJAna kI apekSA hogI, phira use anya kI isa prakAra anavasthA kI sthiti utpanna ho jAne se kabhI bhI prAmANya nizcaya nahIM hogA / ataeva prAmANya svataH hI hotA hai / mImAMsaka ne prAmANya ko to svataH svIkAra kiyA hai |kintu aprAmANya ko parataH svIkAra kiyA hai / unake anusAra aprAmANya kI utpatti jJAna sAmAnya ke utpAdaka kAraNoM se atirikta doSa nAmaka kAraNa se hotI hai tathA aprAmANya kI jJapti bhI parataH hotI hai, kyoMki jJAtA ko jaba taka jJAta nahIM hotA ki yaha jJAna apramANa hai taba taka vaha usa jJAna ke viSaya se nivRtta nahIM hotA hai / ataH aprAmANya kI jJapti parataH hotI hai| yaha spaSTa hai| . prAmANya-aprAmANya kI carcA meM sAMkhya kA kyA cintana hai, isakA ullekha usake vartamAna meM upalabdha granthoM se jJAta nahIM hotA phira bhI kumArila, mAdhavAcArya,
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________________ pramANatvA 350 / ArhatI-dRSTi zAntarakSita Adi ke kathanoM se avagata hotA hai / ki sAMkhya prAmANya evaM aprAmANya ko svataH mAnatA thApramANatvApramANatve svata: sAMkhyA samAzritAH / sarvada. jaimi, pR. 279. . . kumArilla, zAntarakSita Adi AcArya ke granthoM meM eka aise mata kA bhI ullekha hai jo mImAMsaka se bilakula viparIta hai / vaha aprAmANya ko svataH tathA prAmANya ko parataH svIkAra karatA hai| sarvadarzana saMgraha meM 'saugatAzcaramaM svataH' isa pakSa ko bauddhapakSa ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA hai| kintu tattvasaMgraha meM zAntarakSita ne jo bauddhapakSa sthApita kiyA hai vaha isase sarvathA bhinna hai / sambhavataH sarvadarzana-saMgraha meM nirdiSTa bauddhapakSa kisI anya bauddha vizeSa kA rahA ho / zAntarakSita ne bauddhapakSa ko prakaTa karate hue kahA hai-'prAmANya aprAmANya ubhaya svataH, parata: athavA aprAmANya.parataH prAmANya svata: yA parata: aprAmANya svataH' ye cAroM hI pakSa niyama vAle haiM ataH bauddhapakSa nahIM hai / bauddhapakSa aniyamavAdI hai arthAt prAmANya aura aprAmANya donoM ko abhyAsadazA meM svataH evaM anabhyAsa dazA meM parataH mAnate haiN| jaina mAnyatA zAntarakSita kathita bauddhapakSa ke samAna hai| abhyAsa dazA meM donoM svataH tathA anabhyAsa avasthA meM parataH hote haiN| hemacandrAcArya ne kahA--'prAmANyanizcayaH svataH parato vaa|' prAmANya kA nizcaya abhyAsa dazA meM svataH tathA anabhyAsa avasthA meM parataH hotA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne apane sUtra meM prAmANya evaM aprAmANya donoM kA kathana nahIM kiyA hai| unhoMne parIkSAmukha kI taraha kevala prAmANya ke svataH-parataH kA nirdeza kiyA hai kintu devasUri ne apane 'pramANanayatattvaloka' meM isa sandarbha ko prastuta karate hue kahA tadubhayamutpattau parataH eva jJaptau svataH paratazceti / prAmANya aura aprAmANya kI utpatti parataH hotI hai| jJAnotpAdaka sAmagrI meM milanevAle guNa aura doSa kramazaH prAmANya evaM aprAmANya ke nimitta banate haiN| yadi ye donoM nirvizeSaNa sAmagrI se paidA hote to inakI utpatti svataH mAnI jA sakatI thI kintu ye donoM savizeSaNa sAmagrI se paidA hote haiM, ataH inakI utpatti parataH hI hotI .
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________________ prAmANya : svataH yA parataH / 351 prAmANya-aprAmANya kI jJapti svataH-parataH hotI hai| isakA nimitta hai viSaya kI paricita evaM aparicita avsthaa| paricita vastuoM ke jJAna kI satyatA evaM asatyatA kA bodha tatkAla ho jAtA hai kyoMki vaha viSaya kI abhyAsajanya avasthA hai| karatala jJAna athavA snAna, pAna Adi arthakriyA kA pratyakSajJAna hotA hai taba pratyakSa kI pramANatA kA svataH nizcaya ho jAtA hai / prekSAvAn puruSoM ko isa prakAra ke jJAna ke prAmANya kI parIkSA karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| jaba kisI anabhyasta vastu kA pratyakSa hotA hai, usa pratyakSa kA padArtha ke sAtha avyabhicAra nizcita nahIM hotA hai / isa sthiti meM usa pratyakSa jJAna kI pramANatA anya jJAna se jAnI jAtI hai / vaha dUsarA jJAna prathama jJAna ke viSaya ko jAnanevAle arthAt prathama jJAna kA poSaka hotA hai / arthakriyA ke nirbhAsa ke dvArA athavA prathama jJAna dvArA pradarzita padArtha ke dvArA avinAbhAvI padArtha kA darzana hone se prathama jJAna kA prAmANya nizcita hotA hai tathA prathamajJAna ke prAmANya ke nizcAyaka ina tInoM prakAra ke jJAnoM kA prAmANya svataH siddha hone se anavasthA Adi doSoM kI sambhAvanA hI nahIM hai| anumAna kA prAmANya svataH hotA hai / parataH nahIM hotA kyoMki anumAna kA utthAna avyabhicarita liGga se hone ke kAraNa usameM vyabhicAra kI sambhAvanA hI samApta ho jAtI hai / liGga kA jJAna liGga ke binA nahIM hotA aura liGga liGgI ke binA nahIM hotA ataH anumAna kA prAmANya svataH hotA hai| Agama pramANa jo pratyakSa artha kA pratipAdaka hai usakI pramANatA yadi durjeya ho to saMvAdI pramANa se vaha nizcita ho jAtI tathA Aptakathita hone se bhI usakI pramANatA kA nizcaya ho jAtA hai| jaina ko ekAntataH prAmANya na svataH iSTa hai na parataH / isalie hI vaha ekAnta rUpa se prAmANya ko svataH mAnanevAle mImAMsakoM kA tathA parataH mAnanevAle naiyAyika, vaizeSikoM ke abhimata kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai| AcArya yazovijayajI ne apane jJAnabindu meM isakI samIkSA kI hai tathA pramANa ke prAmANya ke sambandha meM anekAnta kA avalambana lekara usake prAmANya kA pratipAdana anekAnta dRSTi se kiyA hai| .. hama kisI bhI vastu kI prAmANikatA dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ke AdhAra para hI sthApita kara sakate haiN| vastu-bodha kI ina dRSTiyoM kA avalambana lene se hI prAmANya kI samyak vyAkhyA sambhava hai| eka vastu ke sambandha meM aneka vyaktiyoM ke pRthaka vicAra ho sakate haiN| candramA ko eka vyakti pRthvI se dekha rahA hai dUsarA candraloka se| una donoM vyaktiyoM ke jJAna kA viSaya eka hI vastu hai |kintu donoM ke jJAna meM
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________________ 352 / AItI-dRSTi samAnatA nahIM hai / aisI sthiti meM kisako pramANa mAne, kisako apramANa ? isa samasyA kA samAdhAna-kSetra kI dRSTi se cintana karane se prApta ho sakatA hai / pRthvI se dekhanevAlA kI apekSA candramA dUra hai isalie usakA jJAna candramA ke bAre meM bhinna prakAra kA hai tathA candraloka se dekhanevAlA candramA ko nikaTatA se dekha rahA hai, ataH usakA jJAna pRthvIvAle se bhinna prakAra hai| isI prakAra dainika jIvana meM aneka kAraNoM se pratyakSoM dvArA paraspara virodha jJAna milatA hai| udAharaNa ke lie eka hI vastu samIpa se bar3I aura dUra se choTI dikhAI par3atI hai| vastu dina ke prakAza meM raMgIna rAtri meM raMgavihIna lagatI hai / isI taraha vastueM anya vastuoM kI tulanA meM halkI bhArI hotI hai / eka hI vastu kisI koNa se vargAkAra aura anya koNa se AyatAkAra dikhalAI par3atI hai| prazna upasthita hotA hai inameM se kisa anubhava ko sahI mAnA jAnA caahie| svataH-parataH se isakA samAdhAna sambhava nahIM lgtaa| aisI sthiti meM prAmANya kI vyavasthA dravya, kSetra, kAla Adi ke avalambana ke binA sambhava nahIM / ataeva prAmANyaaprAmANya kI avagati ke lie anekAnta atyAvazyaka hai| - naiyAyika vaizeSikoM ne pravRtti sAphalya ko prAmANya kA niyAmaka tattva svIkAra . kiyA hai| kintu unakA yaha abhyupagama prAmANya prApti kA kahIM para to nimitta bana sakatA hai kintu sarvathA nhiiN| kyoMki pravRtti sAphalya hone para bhI vaha jJAna saccA ho koI Avazyaka nahIM hai| udAharaNataH jyotiSa zAstra ke jJAtA sUrya pRthvI ke cAroM tarapha ghUmatA hai| isako AdhAra mAnakara gaNanA karate haiM aura unakI vaha gaNanA ThIka bhI hotI hai kintu Aja yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki sUrya pRthvI ke cAroM tarapha cakkara nahIM lagAtA kintu pRthvI sUrya ke cAroM ora cakkara lagAtI hai| ___ ataeva pravRtti sAphalya evaM vaiphalya ke dvArA prAmANya aura aprAmANya kA nirNaya karanA sambhava nahIM hai / bauddha AcArya dharmakIrti ne pravRtti sAphalya prAmANya kA niyAmaka tattva hai isakA nirAkaraNa karate hue kahA maNipradIpaprabhayoH maNibuDyAbhidhAvataH mithyAjJAnAvizeSe'pi vizeSo'rthakriyAM prti| isa prakAra abAdhita tattva, aprasiddha arthakhyApana, avisaMvAditva yA saMvAdIpravRtti, pravRti sAphalya ye satya kI kasauTiyAM bhinna-bhinna AcAryoM ke dvArA svIkRta
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________________ prAmANya : svataH yA parataH / 353 evaM nirAkRta hotI rahI hai| jaina dRSTi ke anusAra prAmANya kA niyAmaka tattvaprameyAvyabhicAritva arthAt yAthArthya hai / yAthArthya kA artha hai--jJAna kI tathya ke sAtha saMgati |jnyaan apane prati satya hI hotA hai| prameya ke sAtha usakI saMgati nizcita nahIM hotI, isalie usake do rUpa banate haiM-tathya ke sAtha saMgati ho vaha satya jJAna aura jisa jJAna kI tathya ke sAtha visaMgati ho vaha asatya jJAna hotA hai| prAmANya svataH hotA hai, yA parataH , usake niyAmaka tattva kyA haiM ? usakI avagati ke anya bhI koI sAdhana bana sakate haiM kyA? ityAdi prazna punaH gahana vimarza kI apekSA rakhate haiN| zAyada usa vimarza se prAmANya-aprAmANya ke sandarbha meM kucha nae tathya ubharakara sAmane AeM aura dArzanika jagat ko vizeSita kara ske|
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________________ 354 / ArhatI-dRSTi zarIra meM atIndriyajJAna ke sthAna jaina-darzana ke anusAra AtmA ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta Ananda evaM . ananta zakti-saMpanna hai / pratyeka AtmA meM ananta catuSTya vidyamAna hai / AtmA apanI ananta jJAna zakti ke dvArA sArvakAlika saMpUrNa jJeya padArtha ko sarvAMgINa rUpa meM jAnane meM samartha hai kiMtu saMsArAvasthA meM AtmA kA yaha svarUpa jJAna-AvAraka jJAnAvaraNIya karma se AvRtta rahatA hai, ataH AtmA kA vaha mUla rUpa prakaTa nahIM ho pAtA / AvRtta dazA meM AtmA kA jitanA-jitanA AvaraNa dUra haTatA hai vaha utanA hI jJeya jagat ke sAtha saMparka sthApita kara sakatI hai| ___ jaina-paraMparA meM mati Adi pAMca jJAnoM kA svIkaraNa hai| ye pAMca jJAna pratyakSa evaM parokSa ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiN| mati zrata ye do jJAna parokSa hai| mati evaM zrata jJAna kI avasthA meM AtmA padArtha se sIdhA sAkSAtkAra nahIM kara sktii| padArtha jJAna meM use Atma bhinna iMdriya, mana, Aloka Adi kI apekSA rahatI hai, ataH ina jJAnoM ko parokSa kahA gayA hai| iMdriya jJAna prApti ke sthAna zarIra meM pratiniyata haiM / iMdriyAM apane niyata sthAna se hI jJAna prApta karatI haiN| AvaraNa ke virala athavA saMpUrNa rUpa se haTa jAne se AtmA ko jJeya sAkSAtkAra meM bAhya sAdhanoM kI apekSA nahIM rahatI arthAt isa avasthA meM iMdriya, mana Adi paudgalika sAdhanoM kA upayoga nahIM hotA hai| avadhi, manaHparyava evaM kevala jJAna ye atIndriya jJAna haiM / jaina paraMparA meM inheM pratyakSa pramANa mAnA gayA hai|' avadhi evaM manaHparyava ye do vikala/apUrNa pratyakSa hai| tathA kevalajJAna sakala/pUrNa pratyakSa hai|' avadhi manaH paryava jJAna kI sImArUpI dravya hai; jabaki kevalajJAna kI rUpI-arUpI saMpUrNa dravyoM meM nirbAdha gati hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra AtmA zarIra pramANa hai| yahAM yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki pAramArthika pratyakSa kI jJeya-prakriyA meM iMdriyoM kI to AvazyakatA nahIM hai, kiMtu Atma-pradeza dehAdhiSThita hai| aisI avasthA meM zarIra ke aMgopAMga usa jJAna-prApti ke sAdhana banate haiM yA nahIM? isa prazna kA samAdhAna hameM naMdI-sUtra evaM SaTakhaNDAgama sUtra meM prApta hotA hai| vahAM para avadhijJAna kI carcA ke prasaMga meM isa viSaya se saMdarbhita mahattvapUrNa carcA huI hai, jo anya graMthoM meM prApta nahIM hai|
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________________ zarIra meM atIndriyajJAna ke sthAna /355 AtmA zarIra ke bhItara hai aura cetanA bhI usake bhItara hai| iMdriya cetanA kI razmiyAM apane-apane niyata sthAnoM ke mAdhyama se bAhara AtI hai tathA padArtha jagat ke sAtha saMparka sthApita karatI hai| atIndriyajJAna ke lie zarIra meM koI niyata sthAna nahIM hai kiMtu zarIra kA jo bhI bhAga karaNa bana jAtA hai usake dvArA atIndriya cetanA kA prakaTIkaraNa ho jAtA hai / atIndriya jJAna ko prakaTa karane ke sthAna zarIra meM hI hai| avadhi-jJAna ke lie koI eka niyata pradeza yA caitanya kendra zarIra meM nahIM hai| avadhi jJAna kI razmiyoM ke bAhara Ane ke lie zarIra ke vibhinna pradeza yA caitanyakendra sAdhana banate haiN| . naMdI-sUtra meM AnugAmika-avadhijJAna ke do bheda kie gae haiM-aMtagata aura madhyagata / aMtagata avadhi vahAM para tIna prakAra kA nirdiSTa hai--purataH ataMgata, mArgata: (pRSThataH) aMtagata evaM pArzvataH aMtagata / avadhijJAna ke ye bheda jJAtA zarIra ke jisa pradeza se isa jJAna ke dvArA dekhatA hai, usake AdhAra para kie gae haiN| aMtagata avadhijJAna kI razmiyAM zarIra ke paryaMtavartI (agra, pRSTha aura pArzvavartI) caitanyakendroM ke mAdhyama se bAhara AtI haiN| purataH mArgataH evaM pArzvataH avadhijJAna ke bheda evaM nAmakaraNa zarIra ke AdhAra para hue haiM / zarIra ke jisa bhAga se avadhijJAna kI razmiyAM nikalatI haiM usakA vahI nAma de diyA gayA hai / madhyagata avadhijJAna kI razmiyAM zarIra ke madhyavartI caitanya kendroM-mastaka Adi se bAhara nikalatI hai| ___ sarva-Atma-pradezoM meM AvaraNa vilaya se vizuddhi hone para bhI jo audArika zarIra kI eka dizA se dekhatA hai, vaha aMtagata avadhijJAna hai / usake tIna bheda haiM(ka) purataH aMtagata-avadhijJAna audArika zarIra ke Age ke bhAga se jJeya ko prakAzita karatA hai| (kha) mArgata: aMtagata-jo jJAna zarIra ke pIche ke pradeza se jJeya ko prakAzita * karatA hai| (ga) pArzvata: aMtagata--jo avadhijJAna zarIra ke eka pArzva athavA donoM - pArzva se padArthoM ko prakAzita karatA hai, vaha pArzvataH avadhijJAna hai| - madhyagata avadhijJAna-jisa jJAna ke dvArA jJAtA cAroM ora se padArthoM kA jJAna karatA hai, vaha madhyagata avadhijJAna hai / audArika zarIra ke madhyavartI spardhakoM kI vizuddhi saba AtmapradezoM kI vizuddhi athavA saba dizAoM kA jJAna hone ke kAraNa yaha madhyagata avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai| eka dizA meM jAnanevAlA avadhijJAna aMtagata avadhijJAna hai / saba dizAoM meM
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________________ 356 / ArhatI-dRSTi jAnane vAlA avadhijJAna madhyagata avadhijJAna hai / SaTkhaNDAgama ke eka kSetra avadhijJAna kI tulanA aMtagata evaM madhyagata se kI jA sakatI hai| jisa avadhijJAna kA karaNa jIva ke zarIra kA eka deza hotA hai vaha ekadeza avadhijJAna hai jo avadhijJAna pratiniyata kSetra kI varjanA kara zarIra ke saba avayavoM meM rahatA hai, vaha aneka kSetra avadhijJAna ___ avadhijJAna ke prasaMga meM Agata aMtagata evaM madhyagata ye donoM zabda zarIra meM sthita caitanya kendroM ke gamaka hai / apramAda ke adhyavasAya ko jor3ane vAle zarIravartI sAdhana ko cakra yA caitanyakendra kahA jAtA hai| ___ ina karma vivaroM (caitanya kendra) se hI atIndriya jJAna kI razmiyAM bAhara nikalatI haiN| zarIra kA jo sthAna karaNa, caitanyakendra bana jAtA hai usI ke mAdhyama se jJAna razmiyAM bAhara nikalatI hai anya sthAnoM se nahIM nikala sakatI haiN| jIva pradezoM ke kSAyopazamika vikAsa ke AdhAra para caitanyakendramaya zarIra pradezoM ke aneka saMsthAna banate haiN| SaTkhaNDAgama meM isakA spaSTa ullekha hai| kSetra kI apekSA se zarIra pradeza aneka saMsthAna meM saMsthita hote haiN| jaise--zrIvAtsa, kalaza, zaMkha, svastika, naMdyAvarta Adi / bhagavatI-sUtra meM bhI vibhaMga jJAna saMsthAnoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| usameM aneka saMsthAnoM ke nAma upalabdha haiM, jaise-vRSabha kA saMsthAna, pazu kA saMsthAna, pakSI kA saMsthAna Adi / ____ avadhijJAna evaM vibhaMgajJAna donoM zarIragata saMsthAna hote haiM, yaha mata nirvivAda avadhijJAna ke prasaMga meM SaTkhaMDAgama meM karaNa zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isa prasaMga meM karaNa zabda kA artha hai-zarIra kA avayava, zarIra kA eka bhAga jisake mAdhyama se avadhijJAnI puruSa viSaya kA avabodha karatA hai| zarIra meM kucha viziSTa sthAna hote haiM jahAM cetanA saghanatA se rahatI hai / yaha siddhAnta aneka granthoM meM svIkRta hai / suzruta saMhitA meM 210 saMdhiyoM aura 107 marma-sthAnoM kA ullekha prApta hai|6 __asthi, pezI aura snAyuoM kA saMyoga-sthala saMdhi kahalAtA hai / marma-sthAnoM meM prANa kI bahulatA hotI hai| zarIra ke ve avayava marmasthAna kahalAte haiN| __ caitanya kendra inhIM marma sthAnoM ke bhItara haiN| haThayoga meM bhI prANa aura caitanya pradezoM kI saghanatA ke sthala dhyAna ke AdhAra-rUpa meM sammata hai / jaina sAdhanA paddhati
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________________ . zarIra meM atIndriyajJAna ke sthAna / 357 ke rUpa meM vikhyAta prekSAdhyAna meM bhI zarIra ke kucha viziSTa sthAnoM ko caitanyakendra ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA hai| una kendroM para dhyAna karane se vRttiyoM ke parimArjana ke sAtha-sAtha atIndriya jJAna zakti kA vikAsa hotA hai / yaha anubhUta tathya/satya hai| naMdI, paMcasaMgraha, gommaTasAra Adi granthoM meM avadhijJAna ke utpatti-kSetra kI carcA kI gaI hai| paMcasaMgraha evaM naMdI ke abhimatAnusAra tIrthaMkara, nArakI evaM devatA ko avadhijJAna sarvAMga se utpanna hotA hai tathA manuSya evaM tiryaMcoM ke zarIravartI zaMkha, kamala, svastika Adi karaNa cinhoM se utpanna hotA hai| jaise zarIra meM indriya Adi kA AkAra niyata hotA hai vaise zarIravartI cinhoM kA AkAra niyata nahIM haiM / eka jIva ke zarIra ke eka hI sthAna meM avadhijJAna kA karaNa hotA hai aisA koI niyama nahIM hai| kisI bhI jIva ke eka, do, tIna, Adi kSetra rUpa zaMkha Adi zubha sthAna saMbhava hai| ye zubha sthAna avadhijJAnI tiryazca evaM manuSya ke nAbhi ke Upara ke bhAga meM hote haiM tathA vibhaMga ajJAnI tiryaJca evaM manuSya ke nAbhi se nIce adhobhAga meM giragiTa Adi AkAra vAle azabha saMsthAna hote haiM / 20 vibhaMgajJAniyoM ke samyaktva Adi ke phalasvarUpa avadhijJAna ke utpanna hone para giragiTa Adi azubha AkAra miTakara nAbhi se Upara zaMkha Adi zubha AkAra ho jAte haiN| jo avadhijJAnI samyaktva ke nAza se vibhaMgajJAnI ho jAte haiM unake zubha saMsthAna miTakara azubha saMsthAna ho jAte haiN| ____ avadhijJAna evaM manaHparyavajJAna kI utpatti ke sambandha meM gommaTasAra ke mantavya se bhI zarIragata viziSTa atIndriya kendroM kA bodha hotA hai / manaHparyavajJAna kI utpatti AtmA ke una pradezoM se hotI hai jinakA sambandha dravyamana se hai / paMDita sukhalAlajI ke anusAra dravyamana kA sthAna hRdaya hai| ataH hRdayabhAga meM sthita AtmapradezoM meM hI manaHparyavajJAna kA kSayopazama hai / parantu zaMkha Adi zubha cinhoM kI utpati zarIra ke sabhI aMgoM meM ho sakatI hai| ataH avadhijJAna ke kSayopazama kI yogyatA zarIra meM sarvatra hai| _ sAdhanA ke dvArA jo kSetra adhika sakriya ho jAtA hai usake mAdhyama se hI atIndriya jJAna kI razmiyoM kA nirgama hotA hai| zarIra ke sthAna-vizeSa atIndriyajJAna ke nirgamana . ke patha bana jAte haiN| .. yoga darzana meM bhI zarIra ke viziSTa sthAnoM para ekAgra hone se vizeSa prakAra kA : jJAna utpanna hotA hai, aisA ullekha hai| vahAM ullekha hai ki sUrya meM saMyama karane se
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________________ 358 / ArhatI-dRSTi bhuvanajJAna hotA hai| nAbhicakra meM saMyama karane se zArIrika saMracanA kA jJAna ho jAta hai| aise aneka varNana vahAM prApta haiN| kucha parAmanovaijJAnikoM ke anusAra manuSya kA mastiSka rahasyoM ke taMtujAla se banA eka karizmA hai / vaha apanI ekAgratA kA vikAsa kara grahaNa aura preSaNa kI kaI aisI kSamatAoM ko ujAgara kara sakatA hai jo indriya-bodha kI maryAdA meM nahIM aatii| kucha parAmanovaijJAnikoM kI avadhAraNA hai |hmaare zarIra se utsarjita evaM vikIrita bAyoplAjmA enarjI yA sAikoTronika enarjI atIndriya zaktiyoM kA AdhAra hai / dhyAna, sAdhanA Adi ke dvArA inakI layabaddhatA ko vikasita kara viziSTa-bodha kSamatA kA vikAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| __ kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra atindriyajJAna kA AdhAra manuSya kI chaThI indriya hai| yaha indriya kozikAoM ke eka-eka choTe samUha ke rUpa meM mastiSka ke nIce rahatI hai, jo hara vyakti meM samAna rUpa se sakriya nahIM hotii| dhyAna, sAdhanA, abhyAsa, manana Adi ke dvArA utpanna AdhyAtmika ekAgratA isakI sakriyatA ko vRddhiMgata karatI hai| kucha vicArakoM ke anusAra hamAre manaH saMsthAna kA kevala 9% bhAga hI jAna jA sakA hai| zeSa 91% bhAga jise DArka eriyA kahA jAtA hai, vahIM atIndriya kSamatAoM kA nivAsa sthAna hai / tAlutala se jIbha kA sparza kara mastiSka kI prasupta evaM avijJAta zaktiyoM ko jAgRta evaM pradIpta kiyA jA sakatA hai / vaijJAnika dRSTi se ise picyuTarI aura pinIyala kA sthAna kahA jA sakatA hai| zarIravijJAna ke anusAra kendriya nADItaMtra kA bhAga atIndriyajJAna kI kSamatA kA dhAraka ho sakatA hai| nADItantra kA vaha bhAga granthiyoM kA nivAsa hai, atIndriyajJAna kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki pUre zarIra meM caitanyakendra avasthita haiN| sAdhanA ke tAratamya ke anusAra jo caitanyakendra jAgRta hotA hai usI meM se atIndriyajJAna kI razmiyAM bAhara nikalane lagatI haiM / yadi pUre zarIra ko jAgRta kara liyA jAtA hai to pUre zarIra meM se atIndriya jJAna kI razmiyAM nikalane lagatI haiM / 25 kabhI-kabhI binA sAdhanA ke hI coTa Adi lagane se bhI zarIra kA vaha pradeza atIndriya cetanA kA vAhaka bana jAtA hai| caitanya kendra kA viSaya-sAdhanA kI dRSTi se bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra AtmA pUre zarIra meM vyApta hotI hai kintu usake pradeza yA caitanya kI saghanatA eka jaisI nahIM hotii| zarIra ke kucha bhAgoM meM caitanya saghana hotA hai aura kucha bhAgoM meM virala / atIndriyajJAna zakti vikAsa aura Ananda kI anubhUti ke lie una saghana
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________________ zarIra meM atIndriyajJAna ke sthAna / 359 kSetroM kI sakriyatA sabake lie bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| . isa dRSTi se yaha viSaya bahuta mananIya hai| apekSA hai, isa viSaya para Adhunika jJAna-vijJAna kI avadhAraNAoM ke sAtha vimarza kiyA jAe jisase jJAna ke gUDha rahasyoM kA vyavahAra-jagat meM salakSya prayoga ho ske| ___ saMdarbha 1. tattvArtha sU. 1/9 / / 2. vahI. 1/11 / 3. sAhAyyApekSaM parokSam nyAya karNikA 3/1 / 4. tattvArtha suu.1/12| 5. nyAya karNikA 2/4 / . 6. yauva yo dRSTa guNaH sa ttr| anyayogavyavacchedikA gA. 9 7. nandI sU. 10-11 / 8. nandI cUM., pR. 16. 9. vahI. pR.16. 10. nandI sU. 16. .. 11. jassa ohiNANassa jIvasarIrassa egadeso karaNa hodi tamohiNANamegakkhettaM nnaam| jamohiNANaM paDiNiyadakhettavajjiyasarIrasavvAvayavesu vaTTadi tamaNeyakkhettaM nnaam| SaTakhaNDAgama, pustaka 13 pR., 294 / 12. apramAdAdhyavasAyasaMdhAnabhUtaM zarIravartikaraNaM caitanyakendraM cakramiti yAvat / - AcArAMga bhASyam sU. 5/20 / . 13. khettado tAva anneysNtthaannsNtthidaa| sirivaccha-kalasa-saMkha-sotthiyaNaMdAvattAdINi saMThANANi NAdavvANi bhavaMti // SaTakhaNDAgama, pu. 13 pR. , 296 / 14. vibhaMganANe aNegavi... nANAsaMThANasaMThae pnnnntte| bhagavaI 8/103 15. avadhijJAnaprasaMge karaNapadasyArthoM bhavati zarIrAvayavA, zarIraikadezo vA yasmAd avadhijJAnI viSayaM jAnAti / AcArAMga bhASyam, pR. 247
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________________ 360 / ArhatI-dRSTi 16. suzrutasaMhitA, zarIrasthAnam, 5/26, 6/31 / 17. bahubhirAtmapradezairadhiSThitA dehAvayavAH mrmaanni|| ___ syAdvAdamaMjarI pR. 77 / 18. prekSA siddhAnta aura prayoga pR., 98 / 19. (ka) tIrthakRcchavAbhradevAnAM sarvAMgottho'vadhirbhavet / nRtirazcAM tu zaMkhAbjasvastikAdyaGgacihnajam // paMcasaMgraha (saMskRta) 1/58 / (kha) neraiyadevatitthaMkarA ya, ohissa'bAhirA huti| pAsaMti savvao khalu, sesA deseNa pAsaMti // nandI sU. 22 / 20. 'Na ca ekkassa jIvassa ekkamhi padese ohiNANakaraNaM hoditti Niyamo asthi, ega do tiNNi-cattAri-paMca-chaAdi khetANamegajIvamhi saMkhAdisuhasaMThANANaM kamhi vi sNbhvaado| edANi saMThANANi tirikkha-maNussANaM NAhIe uparimabhAgo hoti, No heTThA suhasaMThANamadhobhAgeNa saha virohaado| tirikkhamaNussavihaMgaNANINaM NAhIe heTThA saraDAdi asuhasaMThANANi hoti tti gurupadeso Na suttmtthi| dhavalA 13/5, 5, 58/296/10 . 21. karmagrantha, bhAga 1 pR., 111. .. 22. savvaMga aMgasaMbhavaviNhAduppajjade jahA ohii| maNapajjavaM ca davyamaNAdo upajjade NiyamA // gommaTasAra jIvakANDa gA. 441 / 23. bhuvanajJAnaM sUrye sNymaat| pAtaJjala yoga sUtra. 3/26 / 24. nAbhicakre kaayvyuuhjnyaanm| . vahI. 3/29' 25. jaina parAmanovijJAna, pR. 41. 26. apanA darpaNaH apanA bimba, pR. 129. maNapajjana
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________________ 361 manovijJAna ke sandarbha meM dasa saMjJAeM 'aNega citte khalu ayaM purise' yaha puruSa aneka cittavAlA hai| aneka vicAradhArAoM se yukta hai| vyakti ke bhItara nAnA prakAra ke bhAvoM kI taraMgeM uThatI rahatI haiM / pratikSaNa usakA citta, mana taraMgAyita rahatA hai| kabhI vaha vicAra ke stara para Ananda ke udayAdri para hotA hai to kabhI hInatA kI gahana gambhIra talahaTiyoM meM vicaraNa karatA hai| vyakti apane vyaktitva kA sraSTA svayaM hotA hai| jaise vicAra hote haiM, vaisA hI usakA vyavahAra ho jAtA hai| ___vyavahAra vicAroM kA hI anugamana karatA hai / santulita vyavahAra ke lie vicAroM kA santulana atyanta apekSita rahatA hai / citta kI nirmalatA evaM malinatA vyakti ke vyavahAra kI niyAmaka rekhA hai / eka dhyAna sAdhaka kA lakSya hotA hai, citta kI vizuddhatA, ujjvalatA evaM pavitratA / vyaktitva vikAsa ke lie Avazyaka hotA hai vidhAyaka bhAvoM kI varIyatA evaM niSedhAtmaka bhAvoM kA alpiikrnn| __ vyakti kI cetanA aneka staroM para apanA kArya karatI hai / jaba prANa kA pravAha, cetanA kA pravAha UrdhvamukhI hotA hai vyakti svataH hI vidhAyaka bhAvoM se AplAvita ho jAtA hai / adhomukhI prANa cetana-pravAha vyaktitva meM kintu parantu paidA karatA rahatA hai / uddaNDatA, krUratA, ucchaMkhalatA Adi durguNa svataH hI vahAM para prakaTa hone lagate zarIra kA rAsAyanika parivartana, antasrAvI-granthiyoM ke srAva kI alpatA, adhikatA bhI vyakti ke vyavahAra kI niyAmaka hai aisA Aja ke vijJAna kA mantavya hai.| nyUro-inDokrAina tantra kI saMyukta praNAlI kA phaMkzana vyaktitva ke ghaTaka tattvoM meM mukhya tattva hai| unakI pahuMca yahAM taka hI hai| mAnasazAstrI mana ke vibhinna staroM ke AdhAra para vyaktitva kI vyAkhyA kA prayatna karate haiN| Conscious mind, sub conscious mind and unconscious mind of saMyukta kriyAzIlatA vyaktitva-vyAkhyA kA mahattvapUrNa binda banatI hai| manovaijJAnika inake AdhAra para mana kI mUlabhUta samasyAoM ko samAhita karane kA prayatna karate haiN| mUla pravRttiyoM ke saMvega uddIpana Adi ke dvArA vyavahAra meM parivartana parilakSita hotA
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________________ 362 / AtI-dRSTi ve maulika manovRttiyAM sampUrNa prANI jagat meM vidyamAna hai / ye janmajAta hotI hai| prANI inheM sAtha meM lekara janma letA hai / janma ke bAda meM nahIM sIkhatA hai / mUlapravRttiyAM sArvalaukika hotI haiN| mUlapravRtti prakRti dvArA dI gaI preraka zakti hai| prANI jIvana kI pratyeka kriyA isI mUlapravRtti ke dvArA saMcAlita hotI hai| jaina-darzana meM prApta dasa saMjJAoM kA vivecana Aja ke manovijJAna ke sandarbha meM mahattvapUrNa tulanAtmaka bindu hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne AhAra, bhaya, maithuna Adi dasa saMjJAoM kA ullekha bhagavatI Adi aneka Agama meM kiyA hai| hamAre jitane AcaraNa haiM unake pIche hamArI dasa prakAra kI cetanA kAma karatI haiN| saMjJA kA artha hai eka prakAra kI cittavRtti / AcArya zrI mahAprajJajI ke zabdoM meM jisameM cetana aura acetana, kaoNnziyasa mAinDa aura saba-kaoNnziyasa mAinDa donoM kA yoga hotA hai use saMjJA kahate Aja ke manovaijJAnika jisa bAta ko Aja kaha rahe haiM usakA ullekha DhAI hajAra varSa ke prAcIna Agama sAhitya meM upalabdha hai| ye dasa saMjJAeM ekendriya se lekara paJcendriya taka sampUrNa prANI jagata meM prApta hotI hai / jIvana saMcAlana kI preraka zakti ye dasa saMjJAeM hI haiN| ____ manovijJAna ke kSetra meM vibhinna manovaijJAnikoM ke alaga-alaga vicAra hameM prApta hote haiN| phrAiDa ke anusAra ( libido ) hI vAstava meM eka mUlapravRtti hai / usake dvArA hI prANI kA sampUrNa jIvana vyavahAra saMcAlita hotA hai 'karkapaiTrika' ina mUla-pravRttiyoM ko pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta karate haiM 1. AtmarakSA kI zakti, 2. santAnotpatti kI zakti, 3. Adarza jIvana vyatIta karane kI pravRtti / 4. samAyojana kI pravRtti, vuDavartha ne mUla pravRttiyoM ko tIna zreNiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| 1. daihika AvazyakatAoM se sambandhita kriyAeM-jaise nidrA, kSudhA, pyAsa, thakAvaTa aadi| 2. anya vyaktiyoM se sambandhita--putra kAmanA, kAma tRpti, 3. khela sambandhI / ina tIna bhAgoM meM mUla-pravRttiyoM ko vibhAjita kiyA hai| . prasiddha manovijJAnavettA maikDUgala kA mUla-pravRttiyoM sambandhI vibhAga dasa saMjJAoM
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________________ manovijJAna ke sandarbha meM dasa saMjJAeM / 363 ke sAtha tulanAtmaka dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / maikDUgala ne mUla pravRttiyAM 14 mAnI haiN| una mUla pravRttiyoM ke uddIpana meM sahAyaka sAmagrI evaM saMvega hetabhUta banate haiN| palAyana, bhojanAnveSaNa, yuyutsA, jijJAsA, vidhAyakatA, saMcaya, vikarSaNa, Atma-gaurava, saMgha-pravRtti, dInatA, putrakAmanA, kAmabhAvanA, zaraNAgati, hAsya ye mUla pravRttiyAM haiM / bhaya, bhUkha, krodha, Azcarya, kRtibhAva, adhikArabhAvanA, ghRNA, AtmAbhimAna, ekAkIpana, AtmahInatA, vAtsalya, kAmukatA, karuNA, ullAsa ye kramazaH inake uddIpaka saMvega haiN| ina pravRttiyoM se vyakti kA sampUrNa AcAra-vyavahAra pratibandhita hai| - mAnasika parivartana kevala uddIpana aura pariveza ke kAraNa nahIM hote| unameM nAr3I saMsthAna, jaivika vidyuta, jaivika rasAyana, antasrAvI-granthiyoM ke srAvoM kA bhI yoga rahatA hai| isake atirikta parivartana meM hetubhUta banatA hai hamArA sUkSma jagat / sthUla jagat se hama paricita haiN| karmazAstra hamAre sUkSma ajJAta jagat kI vyAkhyA karanevAlA hai| manovijJAna kI adyapravRtti asamAhita jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna karma ke kSetra meM cintana se prApta ho jAtA hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM vyakti ke AcaraNa vyavahAra kA mukhya ghaTaka isa karma ko svIkAra kiyA hai| karma kI sUkSma vyAkhyA jaina-Agama darzana-sAhitya meM jisa vistAra se upalabdha hai anyatra upalabdha nahIM hai| manovijJAna vyaktitva vyAkhyA meM ina mUla-pravRttiyoM ko pramukhatA se vyAkhyAyita karatA hai| jaina-darzana 10 saMjJAoM ke AdhAra para inakI vyAkhyA karatA hai / parivartana kI prakriyA meM karma ke spandana, mana kI caMcalatA, zarIra ke saMsthAna ye sabhI sahabhAgI banate haiN| karmazAstra ke anusAra mohanIya karma ke vipAka se vyakti kA caritra aura vyavahAra badalatA hai| mohanIya-karma kI pravRttiyoM evaM unake vipAkoM ke sAtha mUlapravRttiyoM aura mUla-saMvegoM kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| _ saMjJAeM AtmA aura mana kI pravRttiyAM haiM / ve karma dvArA prabhAvita hotI haiM / karma ATha haiN| unameM pramukha senApati mohakarma hai| cAritra moha ke dvArA prANI meM vividha manovRttiyAM prAdurbhUta hotI hai| bhaya, ghRNA, hAsya, kAmabhAvanA, saMgraha jhagar3AlUpana bhogAsakti meM mUla kAraNabhUta moha banatA hai / bAhya athavA uddIpaka sAmagrI to mAtra nimittabhUta banatI hai| kabhI-kabhI aisA bhI ghaTita hotA hai ki bAhya kAraNoM kI anupasthiti meM bhI vyakti krodhita, udAsa dekhA jAtA hai| AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, loka evaM ogha ina dasa
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________________ 364 / ArhatI-dRSTi saMjJAoM kA ullekha jaina-sAhitya meM prApta hai aura unakI tulanA mUla-pravRttiyoM ke . sAtha bahulatA se hotI hai| loka saMjJA vaiyaktika yA viziSTa cetanA hai| ogha saMjJA anukaraNa tI pravRtti sAmudAyikatA kI bhAvanA hai| ina 10 saMjJAoM ko tIna vargoM - meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiN| 1. AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha / 2. krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha / 3. loka evaM ogh| prathama varga kI cAra vRttiyoM ke kAraNa dUsare varga kI ye cAra vRttiyAM vikasita hotI haiN| ye 10 hI saMjJAeM sampUrNa prANI jagat meM upalabdha hai| koI bhI aisA prANI nahIM haiM, jisameM ye na ho / manuSya meM ye vRttiyAM jitanI vikasita hotI haiM utanI vanaspati. yA choTe prANiyoM meM vikasita nahIM haiM / ina saMjJAoM ko AcaraNa kA srota kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu itanA spaSTa hai ye mUlasrota nahIM hai / inakA bhI udgama-sthala karma zarIra ___jaina-darzana meM ina saMjJAoM para vijaya prApta karane kA Agraha hai / santulita vyaktitva . ke lie Avazyaka hai ina vRttiyoM para vyakti kA aMkuza rhe| manovijJAna bhI inake / . zodhana evaM mArgAntarIkaraNa kI prakriyA ko prazasta mAnatA hai| .. dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA--'kAme kamAhI kamiyaM khu dukkhaM / ' kAma kA atikramaNa karo duHkha svataH hI atikrAnta ho jaaegaa| krodha Adi ke vijaya ke lie -- pratipakSa bhAvanA kA ullekha bhI isa sUtra meM prApta hai| uvasameNa haNe kohaM mANaM maddavayA jinne| mAyaM cajjvabhAveNa loho santosao jinne|| sAdhanA ke patha para agrasara sAdhaka ko paga-paga para ina saMjJAoM ko jItane kA Adeza hai| zarIra jaba taka hai taba taka kriyA kA sarvathA parityAga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kintu kriyA ko samyak banAyA jA sakatA hai, ataH kahA gayA jayaM care jayaM cir3he, jayamAse jayaM sae, jayaM (jaMto bhAsaMto pAvaM kammaM Na bdhii| uttarAdhyayana-sUtra kA prArambha hI adhikAra bhAvanA kI samApti ke kathana se hotA hai- 'saMjogAviSpamukkassa aNagArassa bhikkhunno'|
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________________ manovijJAna ke sandarbha meM dasa saMjJAeM / 365 bhartRhari ne to pazu aura manuSya kI bhedarekhA ina maulika manovRttiyoM para aMkuza ke AdhAra para hI sthApita kI hai| AhAra nidrA bhaya maithunaJca, sAmAnyametat pazubhiH nraannaam| dharmo hi teSAmadhiko vizeSa dharmeNa hInA pazubhiH samAnA / / saMjJA evaM manovRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana manovijJAna ke kSetra meM eka mahattvapUrNa AyAma udghATita kara sakatA hai|
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________________ parokSa pramANa kI prAmANikatA prameya kA jJAna pramANa se hotA hai| prameya kA astitva svabhAva siddha hai| kiMtu usake astitva kA bodha pramANa ke dvArA hI saMbhava hai| 'mAnAdhInA hi meyasiddhiH' yaha nyAyazAstra kA sArvabhauma niyama hai| jaba taka pramANa kA nirNaya nahIM hotA taba taka prameya kI bhI sthApanA nahIM kI jA sktii| ___ dArzanika jagat meM prameya ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra vaividhya upalabdha haiM / kucha dArzanika prameya kI vAstavika sattA svIkAra karate haiM, kucha usakA niSedha karate haiN| kiMtu prameya kI vAstavikatA evaM avAstavikatA donoM kI siddhi pramANa se hI kI jA sakatI hai ataH pramANa svIkRti meM kisI kI bhI asahamati nahIM haiN| jaina darzana pratyakSa evaM parokSa ina do pramANoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| apratyakSa ko cArvAk sahita sabhI bhAratIya ciMtakoM ne pramANa rUpa meM mAnya kiyA hai| yadyapi cArvAk mAtra iMdriya-pratyakSa ko hI svIkAra karatA hai| jabaki anya dArzanika atIndriya pratyakSa ko bhI svIkRti dete haiN| pramANa ke kSetra meM pratyakSa sarvadarzana sammata zabda hai.| kiMtu parokSa zabda kA prayoga mAtra jaina tArkikoM ne kiyA hai| pratyakSa pramANa vizada hotA hai| pratyakSa pramANa kI vizadatA kA tAtparya hai idantayA pratibhAsa evaM pramANAMtara kI anapekSA / isake viparIta parokSa pramANa meM idantayA pratibhAsa nahIM hotA tathA anya pramANa kI bhI AvazyakatA hotI hai / This idantayA pratibhAsa hai, That tadtayA pratibhAsa hai| Agamika paraMparA anusAra iMdriya evaM mana kI sahAyatA se AtmA ko jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha parokSa hai / Agama paraMparA meM saMvyavahAra pratyakSa vastutaH parokSa hI hai / darzana jagat meM iMdriya se hone vAle jJAna ko sabhI dArzanikoM ne pratyakSa svIkAra kiyaa|jain tArkikoM ne apanI saiddhAMtika avadhAraNA ko surakSita rakhate hue bhI iMdriya evaM mAnasa jJAna ko saMvyavahAra pratyakSa kahakara pratyakSa meM parigaNita kiyaa| ___matijJAna ke do sAdhana haiM--iMdriya aura mana / mana dvividha dharmA hai-avagraha Adi dharmavAn evaM smRti Adi dharmavAn / isa sthiti meM mati do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho jAtI hai-vyavahArapratyakSamati evaM parokSamati / iMdriyAtmaka aura avagraha Adi manarUpa mati vyavahArapratyakSa evaM smRti Adi mana rUpa parokSa mati hotI hai| zrutaM jJAna ko to parokSa hI svIkAra kiyA hai|
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________________ parokSa pramANa kI prAmANikatA / 367 jaina ke anusAra-parokSa pramANa ke pAMca prakAra haiM smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka (Uha), anumAna evaM aagm| smRti dhAraNAmUlaka, pratyabhijJA, smRti evaM anubhavamUlaka, tarka pratyabhijJAmUlaka tathA anumAna tarka nirNIta sAdhanamUlaka hote haiN| isalie ye parokSa haiM / Agama vacanamUlaka hotA hai, isalie parokSa hai| smRti, tarka evaM pratyabhijJA ke prAmANya ke saMbaMdha meM dArzanikoM meM paraspara mataikya nahIM hai| kiMtu anumAna ko cArvAk itara sabhI dArzanikoM ne pramANa svIkAra kiyA hai| anumAna pratyakSa bhinna parokSa pramANa hai / yadyapi sabhI jaina tArkikoM ne parokSa ke pA~ca bheda kie haiM kiMtu akalaMkadevakRta nyAyavinizcaya ke TIkAkAra vAdirAja ne parokSa ke anumAna evaM Agama ye do hI bheda kie haiM tathA anumAna ko gauNa evaM mukhya bheda se dvirUpa svIkAra kiyA hai| gauNa anumAna ke tIna bheda kie haiM--smRti, pratyabhijJA evaM trk| ___ smRti Adi apane-apane uttaravartI ke lie hetu haiN| smRti Adi parampA se anumAna ke kAraNa hai ataH vAdirAja ne inako anumAna meM hI parigaNita kiyA hai| akalaMkadeva ne pratyakSa anumAna aura Agama ina tIna pramANoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ataH vAdirAja ne parokSa ke anumAna aura Agama bheda karake smRti Adi kA antarbhAva anumAna meM kara liyA hai / vAdirAja ne smRti Adi kA anumAna meM antarbhAva karane kA eka yaha bhI kAraNa ho sakatA hai ki anumAna ke prAmANya ko sabhI dArzanikoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai tathA anumAna kI prakriyA meM smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka kA prayoga svIkAra kiyA hai ataH smRti Adi kA anumAna meM antarbhAva karane se jainetara dArzanikoM se anumAna carcA ke sandarbha meM naikaTya ho jAtA hai tathA anekAnta vicAra-saraNI meM isa prakAra kI prastuti yuktivihIna nahIM hai| ___ uparyukta carcA se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki parokSa pramANa ke antargata anumAna kA atirikta vaiziSTya hai evaM usakA kSetra bhI vyApaka hai / anumAna nyAyazAstra kA sabase mahattvapUrNa aMga hai| vAtsyAyanabhASya meM AnvIkSikI kA artha nyAyavidyA kiyA hai tathA pratyakSa aura Agama ke anukUla anumAna ko hI anvIkSA kahate haiM / ataH pratyakSa aura Agama dRSTa vastu tattva ke yuktAyukta vicAra kA nAma anvIkSA hai aura jisameM vaha hotI hai, use AnvIkSikI kahate hai arthAt nyAyavidyA / nyAyazAstra kA AdhArabhUta tattva anumAna . hI hai|
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________________ 368 / ArhatI-dRSTi - anu aura mAna ina do zabdoM ke yoga se anumAna zabda niSpanna huA hai| anu arthAt pazcAt mAna arthAt jJAna / anumAna meM prayukta anupada pratiyogI kI apekSA rakhatA hai / jo jJAna apanI utpatti se pUrva anya jJAna kI apekSA rakhatA hai| pUrvajJAna se yahAM vyAptiyukta pakSadharmatA rUpa eka viziSTa jJAna abhipreta hai / ataH isa viziSTa jJAna ke pazcAt honevAlA jJAna anumAna hai / pratyakSapUrvaka honevAlA jJAna anumAna hai| nyAyasUtra meM bhI anumAna ko pratyakSapUrvaka svIkAra kiyA hai|" . . jaina-paramparA meM anumAna kA lakSaNa sarvaprathama AcArya siddhasena ne kiyaa| sAdhya ke avinAbhAvI sAdhana se sAdhya kA nizcayAtmaka jJAna anumAna hai| anumAna kI isa paribhASA kA zabdAntara se utaravartI sabhI jainatArkikoM ne anugamana kiyA hai| jainetara darzanoM me anumAna para bahuta vicAra huA hai| nyAya-darzana meM anumAna kI paribhASA meM adhikAMza rUpa se anumAna ke kAraNa kA nirdeza hai |unse anumAna kA svarUpa kiMrUpa hai, usakA avabodha prApta nahIM hotA hai| yathA--akSapAda kA tatpUrvakam, prazastapAda kA liGgadarzanAt saMjAyamAnaM laiGgigam tathA udyotakara kA liMgaparAmarzo'numAnam " Adi anumAna ke lakSaNoM se anumAna ke svarUpa kI avagati nahIM ho rahI hai / AcArya akalaMka dvArA pradatta pramANa ke lakSaNa meM anumAna ke kAraNa evaM svarUpa donoM kA avabodha prApta ho jAtA hai| "liMgajJAna se sAdhya kA jJAna anumAna hai / AcArya hemacandra ne sAdhana se sAdhya ke jJAna ko anumAna kahA hai| 2. . ___AcArya hemacandra ne akalaMka dvArA pradatta liMgajJAna isa vizeSaNa para anumAna prasaMga meM cintana nahIM kiyA hai| unhoMne sAdhana jJAna se nahIM kintu sAdhana se sAdhyajJAna ko hI anumAna kahA jaisA ki diGnAga ke ziSya zaMkarasvAmI ne kahA hai-'anumAnaM liGgAdarthadarzanam 13, anumAna ke bheda anumAna svArthAnumAna evaM parArthAnumAna ke bheda se do prakAra kA prajJapta hai|" anumAna ke mAnasika krama ko svArthAnumAna tathA zAbdika-krama ko parArthAnumAna kahA jAtA hai| svArthAnumAna meM anumAtA svayaM apane saMzaya kI nivRtti karatA hai tathA parArthAnumAna meM anya kI saMzaya nivRtti hita vAkya prayoga ke dvArA anumAna kI prakriyA niSpanna karatA hai|5 Atmagata jJAna svArtha aura vacanAtmaka jJAna parArtha hotA hai / vastutaH jJAna parArtha nahIM hotA / vacana meM jJAna kA AropaNa kara use parArtha mAnA jAtA hai / upacAra se vacana ko jJAna mAnakara parArtha kahA jAtA hai / vastutaH vacana hI parArtha hotA hai / pramANa jJAnAtmaka
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________________ parokSa pramANa kI prAmANikatA / 369 hotA hai| aura parArthAnumAna zabdAtmaka hotA hai / zabdAtmaka hone ke kAraNa vaha pramANa nahIM ho sakatA / parArthAnumAna svArthAnumAna kA kAraNa hai| kAraNa ko upacAra se kArya mAnakara parArthAnumAna ko pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| jJAna ke viSaya meM svArtha aura parArtha kI dhAraNA jainoM meM prAcInakAla se hai / kintu anumAna ke svArtha aura parArtha ye do prakAra naiyAyika aura bauddha-paramparA se gRhIta haiM, aisA AcArya mahAprajJajI kA mantavya hai|" anumAna kI vyApakatA pratyakSa pramANa sambaddha evaM vartamAnavI vastu kA hI grAhaka hotA hai / kintu anumAna kA kSetra vizAla hai| anumAna sambaddha asambaddha, viprakaTa, sUkSma, atIndriya tathA bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna sabhI padArthoM kA bodha karane kA sAmarthya rakhatA hai, isalie yaha pratyakSa para AdhArita hone para bhI usase adhika vyApaka hai| anumAna ke avayava ___ nyAyazAstra meM anumAna ke pA~ca avayavoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai pratijJA, hetu, dRSTAnta, upanaya evaM nigamana / jaina AcAryoM ne pratyeka viSaya para anekAnta dRSTi se vicAra kiyA hai| anumAna ke avayava prayoga ke sandarbha meM anekAnta dRSTi kA prayoga spaSTa pratibhAsita ho jAtA hai| prAcInakAla meM dRSTAnta kA prayoga pracuratA se kiyA jAtA thaa| prabuddha zrotA ke lie hetu kA bhI prayoga mAnya thaa| niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ne likhA hai-jinavacana svayaMsiddha hai, phira bhI use samajhAne ke lie apariNata zrotA ke lie udAharaNa kA prayoga karanA caahie| zrotA ke lie hetu kA prayoga bhI kvacit vihita hai| ___niyuktikAra ne pAMca tathA dasa avayavoM ke prayoga kA nirdeza diyA hai| AcArya siddhasena ne pakSa, hetu, dRSTAnta-ina tIna avayavoM ke prayoga kI carcA kI hai| sAmAnyatayA prAyaH sabhI tArkikoM ne svArthAnumAna meM pratijJA aura hetu tathA parArthAnumAna meM una do ke atirikta mandamati ko vyutpanna karane ke lie dRSTAnta, upanaya aura nigamana ina avayavoM ke prayoga ko svIkRta kiyA hai / vAdideva sUrI ne bauddhoM kI bhAMti kevala hetu ke prayoga kA samarthana kiyA hai| hetu kA svarupa ... bauddhoM ne hetu ko trairUpya mAnA hai| pakSadharmatva, sapakSasatva evaM vipakSAsatva ina lakSaNoM se yukta hI hetu hI apane sAdhya kA sAdhaka hotA hai| naiyAyikoM ne hetu kA
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________________ 370 / ArhatI-dRSTi trairUpya to svIkAra kiyA hai, kahIM-kahIM hetu kA paMcarUpya kA samarthana bhI kiyA hai| jaina-tArkikoM ne hetu ke trairUpya kA nirasana kiyA hai| unhoMne anyathAnupapatti yA avinAbhAva ko hI ekamAtra hetu kA lakSaNa maanaa| svAmI pAtrakesarI ne trairUpya kA nirasana kara anyathAnupapatti lakSaNa hetu kA samarthana kiyaa| unakA prasiddha zloka hai anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim| nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim|| . . . ____ jahAM anyathAnupapatti hai, vahAM hetu kA trairupyalakSaNa mAnane se kyA lAbha? jahAM . anyathA anupapatti nahIM hai, vahAM hetu kA trairUpya lakSaNa mAnane se kyA lAbha? jaina ke anusAra hetu kA avinAbhAva yaha eka lakSaNa hI apane sAdhya kI siddhi karane meM samartha hai ataH hetu ko trairUpya athavA paMcarUpya mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| avinAbhAva jJapti ke upAya ___avinAbhAva ke lie traikAlika anivAryatA apekSita hai| anivAryatA kI traikAlikatA kA bodha hue binA avinAbhAva kA niyama nirdhArita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| naiyAyika mAnate haiM ki bhUyo-darzana se avinAbhAva kA bodha hotA hai| bAra-bAra do vastuoM kA sAhacarya dekhate haiM, taba usa sAhacarya ke AdhAra para niyama kA nirdhAraNa kara lete haiN| niyama kA AdhAra kevala sAhacarya hI nahIM hotA, kintu vyabhicAra kA abhAva bhI honA caahie| isa prakAra vyApti jJAna ke lie do viSayoM kA jJAna Avazyaka hai--sAhacarya kA jJAna tathA vyabhicAra jJAna kA abhaav| dhUma ke sAtha agni kA sAhacarya aura dhUma ke sAtha agni kA vyabhicAra kahIM bhI prApta nahIM hai, ataH avyabhicArI sAhacarya sambandha se hI vyApti kA bodha hotA hai|" AcArya mahAprajJajI ne vyApti nirdhAraNa kI zarta para apane maulika vicAroM ko prastuta karate hue kahA--'avinAbhAva ke niyama ke sAtha jur3I huI traikAlikatA kI zarta avazya hI parIkSA kI kasauTI para kasane yogya hai| anupalabdha jJAna upalabdha jJAna se vizAla hai / avinAbhAva kA niyama upalabdha jJAna sApekSa hI honA caahie| jaina tArkikoM ne bhI AvinAbhAva ke niyama kA traikAlika AdhAra mAnA hai| para nirantara vikAsamAna jJAna evaM ajJAta se jJAta kI ora bar3hate hue mAnavIya jJAna-vijJAna ke caraNa yaha socane ko bAdhya karate haiM ki vyApti ke pIche jur3A huA kAlikatA kA vizeSaNa nirapekSa nahIM hai|"
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________________ parokSa pramANa kI prAmANikatA / 371 'nayA jJAna upalabdha hone para niyama bhI nae bana jAte haiN| isalie vyApti kI pRSThabhUmi meM traikAlika bodha nahIM hotA / dvaikAlika phira bhI ho sakatA hai| bhaviSya kI bAta bhaviSya para chor3a denI cAhie / indriya aura mAnasajJAna kI eka sImA hai| isalie una para hama eka sImA taka hI vizvAsa kara sakate haiN| kAlika-bodha atIndriya jJAna kA kArya hai aura vaha pratyakSa hai, isalie vaha anumAna kI sImA se pare hai|22 __ AcArya mahAprajJajI kA yaha vaktavya tarkasaMgata hI pratIta hotA hai kyoMki yadi traikAlika jJAna kisI ko ho jAe to vaha sarvajJa hI ho jAtA hai / yadyapi tArkikoM kA mAnanA hai ki vyApti grahaNakAla meM pramAtA yogI jaisA ho jAtA hai|" tathApi usakA jJAna sImita hI hogaa| sarvajJa jaise trikAla kA jJAna karatA hai| vaisA traikAlika jJAna vyApti se sambhava nahIM hai / ataH vyApti grahaNa kI traikAlika zarta sApekSa hI hai| / yadyapi yaha yathArtha hai ki anumAna pramANa ke abhAva meM hama vyavahAra jagat ke kArya sampAdana meM bhI samartha nahIM ho sakate / indriya pratyakSa kA kSetra bahata sImita hai ataH anumAna pramANa kI anivArya apekSA hai| indriya jJAna kI paridhi meM AcAra mImAMsIya, tattva-mImAMsIya prazna anuttarita hI rahate haiN| unake samyaka samAdhAna ke lie parokSa pramANAntargata anumAna pramANa ke astitva kI sahaja svIkRti darzana jagat meM hai| anumAna para AkSepa bhAratIya darzana meM cArvAk ke alAvA sabhI dArzanikoM ne anumAna kI prAmANikatA svIkAra kI hai| cArvAk pratyakSa pramANa ke atirikta kisI bhI pramANa ke astitva ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| isI AdhAra para dRzya jagat ke alAvA anya kisI bhI parokSa padArtha kA astitva ve svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| . .1. cArvAk kA kahanA hai ki anumAna pramANa kA AdhAra vyApti hai evaM usakA nizcaya nahIM ho sktaa| koI vyakti bhUta, vartamAna evaM bhaviSya ke udAharaNoM kA nizcaya nahIM kara sakatA hai| vyApti ke nizcita na hone para anumAna bhI nizcita nahIM hogaa| 2. vyApti yA sAhacarya sambandha ko nitya tathA anaupAdhika sambandha kahA jAtA hai| do vastuoM meM sambandha tabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba unameM viparIta " rUpa na dikhalAI pdd'e| dhUma agni anaupAdhika sambandha nahIM hai| dhUma tabhI nikalatA hai jaba lakar3I gIlI ho, garma lohe se dhUma nahIM nikalatA, gIlI lakar3I kA honA upAdhi hai| ataH dhUma agni kA sambandha nitya
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________________ 372 / ArhatI-dRSTi nahIM hai| yadi donoM kA nitya sambandha nahIM hai| to eka se dUsare kA anumAna karanA nizcayAtmaka nahIM ho sktaa| 3. cArvAk kA mantavya hai ki yadi anumAna pramANa hotA to saba anumAna phamamebaloM kA piTAI ela dI nikalanA cAhie kintu sabhI dArzanikoM kA alaga-alaga niSkarSa prameya ke kSetra meM prasiddha hai| ataH anumAna pramANa nahIM hotaa| 4. svarga-naraka Adi parokSa padArthoM kA anumAna kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai| anumAna nizcayAtmaka nahIM hotA, mAtra sambhAvanA hotA hai| yaha pratyakSa dRSTigocara hotA hai ki kRSaka sambhAvanA ke AdhAra para hI kRSi-kArya meM pravRtta hotA hai| kabhI-kabhI isI sambhAvanAtmaka jJAna ko nizcayAtmaka mAnakara manuSya kAryoM meM pravRtta hotA hai| aisI dazA meM sambhAvanAtmaka jJAna meM hI nizcayAtmakatA kA Aropa hotA hai| ataH pratyakSa hI nizcayAtmaka jJAna karavAne meM samartha hai| usake atirikta anumAna pramANa kI yathArthatA hI nahIM ho sktii| AkSepa parihAra cArvAk darzana ko pratyakSa pramANavAdI kahA jAtA hai| usakI jJAna-mImAMsA mAtra pratyakSa AdhArita hai| kintu use bhI anumAna pramANa ko svIkAra karanA hogaa| pramANa aura apramANa kI vyavasthA, svarga-naraka Adi padArthoM ke niSedha ke lie evaM anya puruSa kI buddhi ke jJAna ke lie pratyakSa ke atirikta pramANa ko unheM svIkAra karanA hI hogaa| cArvAk pratyakSa ko pramANa evaM anya ko apramANa mAnatA hai / isakA bodha pratyakSa se to ho nahIM sakatA kyoMki vaha sambaddha vartamAna kA hI grAhaka hotA hai / vaha dezAntara kI sAmarthya nahIM rkhtaa| - anumAna pramANa ke binA cArvAk apanI pratIti meM anubhUta pratyakSa kA prAmANya anya puruSoM ko pratipAdita bhI nahIM kara sakate, kyoMki anya puruSoM kI cittavRtti kA pratyakSa pramANa dvArA avabodha hI nahIM ho sakatA |ydi kahA jAe ki ceSTA vizeSa ke dvArA unakI vicAradhArA kA avagama kiyA jA sakatA hai, aisA svIkAra karane se kArya dvArA kAraNa kA anumAna hI svIkRta ho gayA hai| svarga, paraloka Adi atIndriya padArthoM kI pratyakSa dvArA upalabdhi na ho sakane
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________________ parokSa pramANa kI prAmANikatA / 373 ke kAraNa jo pratiSedha kiyA jAtA hai / vaha bhI niSedha mukha se anupalabdhi hetu se hI sampanna hone se anumAna hI hai| pratyakSa dvArA yaha kArya sampAdita nahIM ho sakatA, ataH atIndriya padArthoM ke niSedha ke lie pramANAntara anumAna kI svIkRti aparihArya hai| pratyakSa nirdoSa jJAna kA janaka hotA hai / ataH cArvAk use pramANa mAnatA hai / isI hetu ke AdhAra para anumAna ko bhI pramANa svIkAra karane meM use Apatti nahIM honI cAhie kyoMki anumAna Adi pramANoM ke dvArA asaMdigdha yathArthajJAna utpanna hotA hai| ___ anumAna kabhI-kabhI ayathArtha hotA hai| yaha sthiti to pratyakSa pramANa meM bhI hai| vaha bhI kadAcit ayathArtha jJAna ko paidA karatA hai| yadi usako pratyakSAbhAsa kahA jAtA hai, jo ayathArtha hotA hai, use anumAnAbhAsa hI kahA jAtA hai| anumAna pramANa ke abhAva meM pratyakSa pramANa bhI siddha nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki pratyakSa pramANa kI sAdhanabhUta indriyAM svayaM atIndriya hai jo apanI siddhi meM anumAna kI apekSA rakhatI hai / yadi zarIra meM sthita una-una indriyoM ke sthAnoM ko hI indriyAM mAna lI jAe aura atIndriya kalpanA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAe, taba bhI una sthAnAtmaka indriyoM kI pramANatA bhI anumAna ke binA siddha nahIM ho sakatI / 25 . anumAna kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie bhI anumAna kI hI AvazyakatA hotI hai| jaise darzana ke kisI siddhAnta kA nirAkaraNa athavA svIkaraNa dArzanika siddhAnta ke prastutIkaraNa se hI ho sakatA hai| jaisA ki DaoN. satakar3I mukharjI ne kahA hai : "Even the man, who decries philosophy and condemns its culture, can hope to make out his case by only having recourse to philosophy. The denunciation of philosophy itself result in the setting up of a rival philosophy. *". uparyukta tathyoM se spaSTa hai cAhe yA anacAhe cArvAk ko pratyakSake atirikta anya pramANa ko svIkRta karanA hI hogaa| bhale vaha usakA nAmakaraNa kucha bhI kare / .' cArvAk ne jo anumAna ke sandarbha meM ApattiyAM prastuta kI haiM, una para bhI bhAratIya cintakoM ne vimarza kiyA hai| anumAna kA AdhAra vyApti hotA hai| usakA grahaNa anvaya-vyatireka hetu rUpa tarka pramANa se ho jAtA hai / tarka niyamoM kA anveSaNa karatI hai / niyama nizcita hote haiM / ataH una niyamoM ke dvArA vyApti kA grahaNa nizcita rUpa se ho jAtA hai| kahIM niyama yadi mithyA hote haiM to vahAM anumAnAbhAsa.bhI sambhava hai vyApti grahaNa, anumAna ye saba parokSa pramANa ke antargata svIkRta hai ataH parokSa kI bhI apanI sImAeM haiM, una sImAoM meM hI vyApti, anumAna Adi kI yathArthatA para cintana karanA Avazyaka hai|
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________________ 374 / ArhatI-dRSTi . vyApti koI pAramArthika pratyakSa rUpa kevalajJAna nahIM hai, jahAM visaMvAdana ho hI. nahIM ataH anumAna ko svIkAra karanevAle bhI usakI sAmarthya evaM yogyatA se paricita haiN| anumAna atyanta vyApaka hai| usase yathArthabodha hotA hai| ataH pramANa rUpa se isakI svIkRti anivArya hai| anumAna jJAna sambhAvanA bhI nahIM hai| sambhAvanA se kadAcit koI pravRtti ho sakatI hai kintu vaha samasta kArya-kalApoM kI AdhAra nahIM bana sakatI / sambhAvanA eka prakAra kA saMzaya jJAna hai jabaki anumAna nirNayAtmaka hotA hai| nizcita jJAna saMzaya kA virodhI hotA hai / udayanAcArya ne isa prasaMga para vistAra se carcA kI hai / 20 ____ anumAna meM sAdhya evaM sAdhana ke madhya anaupAdhika sambandha honA paramAvazyaka hai kintu cArvAk kA mantavya hai ki sarvathA upAdhizUnya hetuM milanA duSkara hai kyoMki dezAntara evaM kAlAntara meM usake upAdhiyukta hone kI sambhAvanA sarvadA banI rahatI hai| AcArya udayana ne isI hetu se anumAna ko prasthApita karate hue saMdeha rahane aura na rahane donoM avasthAoM meM anumAna yathArtharUpa se sampanna ho sakatA hai| ___cArvAk ne kAlAntara tathA dezAntara meM upAdhi kI sambhAvanA se anumAna dUSita batAyA, yaha tarkasaMgata nahIM hai kyoMki kAlAntara evaM dezAntara pratyakSagamya nahIM hone se unake sadbhAva kI siddhi nahIM hotI, yadi donoM kA sadbhAva mAnA jAe to unake hone . kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataH cArvAkoM kA sandeha-upAdhi kA honA anumAna kI yathArthatA kI pUrva-kalpanA hai| __anumAna ko pramANa mAnanevAloM ke saiddhAntika niSkarSa bhinna-bhinna haiM, yaha yathArtha hai| avinAbhAva ke niyama-nirdhAraNa ke AdhAra para viSaya meM sabakI sammati hone para bhI unake phalita samAna nahIM hai / isakA kAraNa yahI pratIta hotA hai ki sUkSma satyoM ke : viSaya meM sabake siddhAnta samAna nahIM haiM / yaha saiddhAntika asamAnatA hI avinAbhAva . ke niyamoM meM vibhinnatA lAtI hai| ___anekAnta dRSTi se isa jijJAsA ke samAdhAna meM cintana karane para kucha nae tathya sAmane Ate haiN| vastu ananta dharmAntaka hai| usakI avagati pramANa evaM naya ke dvArA hotI hai| pramANa se vastu kA akhaNDa jJAna ho sakatA hai / vaisA pramANa sarvajJa ke ho sakatA hai| vibhinna dArzanikoM ke niSkarSa kI bhinnatA kA AdhAra naya kI prakriyA hai, jisakI vicAradhArA saMgraha naya ke AdhAra para avinAbhAva ko grahaNa karatI hai, use sampUrNa vizva meM ekatva dRSTigocara hotA hai| jo vicAradhArA paryAyArthika kA AzrayaNa lekara vyApti ko grahaNa karatI hai|
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________________ parokSa pramANa kI prAmANikatA / 375 usakA niSkarSa kSaNikavAda ke rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai| naigamanaya ke AzrayaNa se naiyAyika vaizeSika siddhAnta kA udbhava hotA hai| ataH nayoM kI vibhinnatA se niSkarSa vibhinna haiM / AcArya siddhasena ne ise svIkAra kara prastuta karate hue kahA 'jAvaiyA vayaNapahA tAvaiyA ceva hoMti nnyvaayaa|" ye naya paraspara sApekSa hokara vastu ke yathArtha svarupa kA pratipAdana karate haiN| nirapekSa hokara mithyA ho jAte haiN| nirapekSa naya ke AdhAra para nirmita anumAna anumAnAbhAsa hote haiM ataH unako anumAna svIkAra karanevAle bhI yathArtha nahIM maante| svarga, paraloka Adi kA niSedha karanevAle cArvAk ko anumAna pramANa svIkAra karanA hI hogaa| yaha hama pahale hI kaha cuke haiM tathA svarga Adi atIndriya padArthoM ke avagama meM Agama pramANa svIkRta hai / Agama ke dvArA unakA bodha ho jaaegaa| jainAcArya siddhasena ne kahA hai-hetupakSa meM Agama kA evaM AgamapakSa meM hetu kA prayoga karanevAlA siddhAnta kA samyak vyAkhyAtA nahIM hotA apitu usakA virAdhaka hotA hai| ataH anumAna pramANa mAnanevAle anumAna kI sImA se paricita haiM ataH usakA usI rUpa meM prayoga mAnya hai| maiM AcArya mahAprajJajI ke abhimata se pUrNatayA sahamata hUM--'vyApti aura hetu kI sImA kA bodha nyAyazAstra ke vidyArthI ke lie bahuta Avazyaka hai| isa bodha ke dvArA hama anizcaya yA sandeha kI kArA meM bandI nahIM banate kintu avAstavikatA ko vAstavikatA mAnane ke abhiniveza se mukta ho sakate haiM aura naI upalabdhiyoM ke prati hamArI grahaNazIlatA abAdhita raha sakatI hai| sandarbha 1. 'pratyakSaM parokSaM ca' pramANa mImAMsA 1/10 / 2. na pratyakSAdanyapramANamiti laukAyatikAH pramANa mImAMsA 1/10 / 3. vizadaH pratyakSam pramANa mImAMsA 1/13 / 4. indriyamanonimitto'vagrahehAvAyadhAraNAtmA saaNvyvhaarikm| pramANa mImAMsA 1/20 / 5. tacca dvividhmnumnmaagmshceti| anumAnamapi dvividhaM gauNamukhyavi kalpAt / tatra gauNamanumAnaM trividhaM smaraNaM pratyabhijJA tarkazceti / tasya cAnumAnatvaM ythaapuurvmuttrottrhetutyaa'numaannibndhntvaat|| pramANa nirNaya (pR. 33) /
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________________ 376 / ArhatI-dRSTi 6. pratyakSAgamAzritamanumAnaM sA'nvIkSA / pratyakSAgamAbhyAmIkSitasyAnvIkSaNamanvIkSA tayA pravartata ityAnvIkSikI-nyAyavidyA-nyAyazAstram vAtsyAyana bhASya 1/1/1 7. 'tatpUrvakam' nyAyasUtra 1/1/5 8. sAdhyavinAbhuvo liGgAt sAdhyanizcAyakaM smRtam / anumAna tadabhrAntaM pramANatvAt sapakSavat // nyAyAvatAra zloka 5 9. prazastapAdabhASya sUtra / 10. nyaaykirnnaavlii| 11. liGgAtsAdhyAvinAbhAvAbhinibodhaikalakSaNAt / liGgidhIranumAnaM tatphalaM hAnAdibuddhayaH // laghIyastrayI kArikA. 12 12. saadhnaatsaadhyvijnyaanmnumaanm| pramANa mImAMsA 1/2/7 13. 'anumAnaM liGgAdarthadarzanam'. jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna vicAra pR. 258 14. tat dvidhA svArtha parArtha c| . pramANa mImAMsA 1/2/8 . 15. svavyAmohanivartanakSama svArtham, paramohanivartanakSama praarthm| pramANa mImAMsA 1/2/8 16. jaina nyAya kA vikAsa pR. 104 17. sambaddhaM vartamAna ca gRhyate ckssuraadinaa| -- zlokavArtika sUtra 4 zloka 84 18. jiNavayaNaM siddhaM ceva bhaNNae katthaI udAharaNaM, . Asajja u soyAraM heU'vi kahiMci bhnnnnejjaa| dazavaikAlika niyukti gAthA 49 19. katthai paMcAvayavaM dasahA vA savvahA na paDisiddhaM / na ca puNa savvaM bhaNNai haMdI saviAramakkhAyaM // dazavaikAlika niyukti gAthA 50 20. jaina nyAya kA vikAsa pR. 115 21. jaina nyAya kA vikAsa pR. 116 22. vahI. pR. 119
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________________ parokSa pramANa kI prAmANikatA / 377 23. vyAptigrahaNakAle yogIva pramAtA sampadyate' 'pramANa mImAMsA 2/1/5 24. vyavasthAnyadhIniSedhAnAM siddheH prtyksstrprmaannsiddhiH| pramANa mImAMsA 1/11 25. bhAratIya darzana meM anumAna pR. 38 (bhUmikA) 26. The Jain philosophy of non-absolutism. 27. pramANa saMgraha 2/10. 28. prmaannnyairdhigmH| tattvArthasUtra 1/6 29. sanmati tarka prakaraNa 3/46 30. aaptmiimaaNsaa| zloka, 108 31. jo heuvAyapakkhammi heuo Agame ya aagmio| so sasamayapaNNavao siddhaMtavirAhao aNNo // sanmatitarkaprakaraNa 3/44 32. jaina nyAya kA vikAsa pR. 119 / 000
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________________ sandarbha-grantha-sUcI lekhaka/sampAdaka grantha prakAzaka 1. anuyogadvAra AcAryazrI tulasI jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM . (navasuttANi) yuvAcAryazrI mahAprajJa (rAjasthAna) 2. anyayogavyavacchedikA AcArya hemacandra jaina vizva bhAratI prakAzana, (maMgalavANI) / lADanUM (rAja.) san 1990 3. abhidhAna rAjendrakoza zrImad vijaya rAjendra abhidhAna rAjendra kAryAlaya : sUrIzvara ratalAma 4. Agamayuga kA paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI jaina-darzana jayapura, dvi. saMskaraNa 1990 5. AcArAMga bhASya AcArya mahAprajJa' jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM (rAja)". 6. AptamImAMsA pro. udayacandra jaina zrI gaNezavarNI digambara jaina tatvadIpikA saMsthAna, nariyA, vArANasI 7. AyAro AcAryazrI tulasI jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM yuvAcArya mahAprajJa (rAjasthAna) 8. IzauvvaTkRtabhASya uvvaTa . madhukara prakAzana, bAghambarI * hAusiMga skIma allApura, prayAga -6, 1986 9. IzAvAsyopaniSad zAMkarabhASya . gItApresa, gorakhapura, 10. upaniSad vAkyakoza jI.e. jaikaba pallava prakAzana dillI-1988 11. Rgveda saMhitA bhASya N.S. Sanatakka, Secretary Vaidika Samsathana Mandal Tilak Memorial Poona-2 12. ekArthakakoza sA. siddhaprajJA jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM sA. nirvANazrI (rAjasthAna) 13. kaThopaniSad pANDeya DaoN. baijanAtha motIlAla banArasIdAsa . zAMkarabhASya dillI-1989 14. kAThakopaniSad AnandAzrama saMsthA pUNe san 1977
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________________ 379 . grantha .. lekhaka/sampAdaka prakAzaka 15. gommaTasAra nemicandra siddhAnta jaina siddhAnta prakAzinI saMsthA, jIvakANDa cakravartI kalakattA 16. chAndogyopaniSad gItApresa, gorakhapura vi.saM. 2023 17. jaina-dharma-darzana DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI-5 san 1973 18. jaina-darzana manana muni nathamala Adarza sAhityasaMgha, curU aura mImAMsA sampA. muni dulaharAja san 1973 19. jaina-nyAya kA le. muni nathamala jaina vidyA anuzIlana-kendra - vikAsa sampA. muni dulaharAja rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura 1978 20. jaina sAhitya kA paM. becaradAsa dozI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodhasaMsthAna, vRhad itihAsa bhAga-I, II jainAzrama hindU yUnivarsiTI, vArANasI-5 1967 21. jainendra siddhAntakoza jinendravarNI bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana : bhAga 1 se 4 . naI dillI dvi saMska. 1985 22. jJAnabindu prakaraNa ' yazovijayajI aMdherI gujarAtI jaina-saMgha ___ muMbaI-56 23. ThANaM AcArya tulasI jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM saMpA. muni nathamala (rAja) vi.saM. 2033 24. tattvArtha sUtra vive. paM sukhalAla saMghavI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMpA-DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA saMsthA, vArANasI, 1976 25. tattva saMgraha A zAMtarakSita Bauddha Bharti Varanasi, 1982 26. tattvArtha rAjavArtika A akaMlaka bhaTTa bhAratIya jJAnapITha durgAkuNDa roDa, banArasa san 1957 . jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM (rAjasthAna) 27. tulasI prajJA Vol-IV aMka 7-8 pharavarI-mArca
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________________ 380 / ArhatI-dRSTi - grantha lekhaka/sampAdaka prakAzaka 28. taittarIyopaniSad navalakizora presa . lakhanaU, san 1924 29. dazavaikAlika AcArya tulasI jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM saMpA. muni nathamala (rAjasthAna) . 30. darzana aura cintana paM. sukhalAla saMghavI paMDita sukhalAlajI sanmAnabhadra samiti, gujarAta vidhAnasabhA,. . ahamadAbAda 31. dhavalA pustaka amarAvatI prakAzana 32. nandIsUtra AcArya mahAprajJa jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM (rAjasthAna) 33. nandIsUtra sahacUNI muni puNyavijayajI prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI - ahamadAbAda-1 34. niyamasAra A kundakunda * digambara jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna hastinApura, . meraTha 1985 35. nyAya darzana gautama govindarAma hAsAnanda 4408, naI sar3aka, dillI-6 san 1991 36. nyAyAvatAra paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, 1976 zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa 37. nyAyAvatAra mAlavaNiya paM. dalasukha sindhI jainazAstra zikSApITha vArtikavRtti bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, baMbaI san 1949 38. paMcAstikAya A. kundakunda paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala __ AgAsa, gujarAta / 39.pAtaJjala yogadarzana motIlAla banArasIdAsa bhASya dillI 1987 40. pramANa mImAMsA A hemacandra sukhalAla paNDita, sarasvatI pustaka bhaNDAra, ahamadAbAda
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________________ 381 anya lekhaka/sampAdaka prakAzaka 41. pramANavArtika dharmakIrti bauddhabhAratI, vArANasI 42. prazastapAdabhASya Director Research Institute Sampurnanand Sanskari Vishvavidyalaya Varanasi-1977 43. brahmasUtra zAMkarabhASya caukhambA vidyAbhavana 1988 44. bauddha-darzana mImAMsA narendradeva caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI 1989 45. bhagavaI (aMgasuttANi) AcArya tulasI jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM bhAga-II yuvAcArya mahAprajJa _ (rAjasthAna) 46. bhagavadgItA - gItApresa, gorakhapura 47. bhikSu nyAya karNikA AcAryazrI tulasI Adarza sAhitya saMgha, curU (rAja) 48. manana aura mUlyAMkana yuvAcArya mahAprajJa Adarza sAhitya saMgha, curU (rAja) 49. madhyamaka vRtti St-Petersboury, 1913 50. mImAMsA darzana * AnandAzrama saMsthA, pUNe, 1976 51. mImAMsAzloka durgAdhara jhA kAmezvara siMha darabhaMgA vArtika - saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, . darabhaMgA 1979 52. rAyapaseNiyaM . vApra AcArya tulasI jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM (uvaMgasuttANi) saMpA yuvAcArya mahAprajJa (rAjasthAna) 53. vizeSAvazyakabhASya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa divyadarzana TrasTa 58 gulAlabAr3I, mumbaI 54. vedAnta jJAnamImAMsA ghanazyAmadAsa ratanamala madhyapradeza hindI-grantha malakAnI akAdamI 97 mAlavIya nagara, . bhopAla 55. zlokavArtika zAstrI dvArikAdAsa tArA pablikezansa, vArANasI 1978 . 56. sanmati tarka prakaraNa siddhasena divAkara paM. sukhalAlajI, paM. becaradAsa jJAnodaya TrasTa, ahamadAbAda 1963
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________________ 282 / ArhatI-dRSTi . grantha lekhaka/sampAdaka prakAzaka 57. samayasAra A. kundakunda digambara jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura, meraTha 1990 58, samavAyAMga A. zrItulasI jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM . AcArya mahAprajJa _ (rAjasthAna) 59. sarvadarzana-saMgraha DaoN. umAzaMkara zarmA caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI dvi.saM. 1978 60. sarvArthasiddhi pUjyapAda devanandi bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, naI dillI 61. sAMkhyakArikA caukhambA saMskRta pratiSThAna, vArANasI 1990 62. syAdvAdamaMjarI A malliSeNa . paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala zrImadrAjacandra Azrama, AgAsa 63. svarUpa sambodhana A. akaMlaka jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM (rAjasthAna) 64. Advanced Studies Sangwi Sukhlalji Indian Studies : Past and.. in Indian Logic and - Present-3, Calcutta-20, 1960 Metaphysics 65. Illuminator of Jain Acharya Tulsi Jain Vishva Bharti Ladny, Tenets (Rajsthan) 66. Jain Theories: YJ. Padmarajiah Jain Sahitya Vikas Mandal Reality and ___112 Ghodbunder Road, Knowledge Bombay, 1963. 67. Studies in Jain Dr. Nathmal Tatia Philosophy 68. The Jain Philosophy Mookrjee dr. of Non-Absolutism Satakari P.V. Research Institute Varanasi-5, 1951. Motilal Banarsidas ____Delhi 1978
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