Sanskrut Nibandh Shatakam

Author(s): Kapildev Dvivedi
Publisher: Vishvavidyalay Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006194/1

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam DaoN. kapiladeva dvivedI 000000.0.0.0.0 bodod Poboc bobog boc

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saMskRta-nibandha-zatakam ( vizvavidyAlayastarIyAH prauDhAH prabandhAH ) lekhaka DaoN0 kapiladeva dvivedI AcArya ema0e0 (saMskRta, hindI ), ema0 o0 ela0, DI0 phila0 (prayAga), pI0I0esa0 . vidyAbhAskara, sAhityaratna, vyAkaraNAcArya, saMcAlaka, vizvabhAratI anusaMdhAna pariSad, jJAnapura (vArANasI) / praNetA - 'arthavijJAna aura vyAkaraNadarzana' ( u0pra0 zAsana dvArA saMmAnita pustaka), 'atharvavedakAlIna saMskRti', 'prauDha - racanAnuvAdakaumudI', 'saMskRta - vyAkaraNa', 'saMskRta bhASAvijJAna evaM bhASAzAstra' Adi / | vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, vArANasI

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Sanskrit Nibandh Shatakam by Dr. K.D. Dwivedi Second Edition, 1980 2200 Copies prakAzaka vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, cauka, vArANasI-1 mudraka zIlA priNTarsa laharatArA, vArANasI

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samarpaNam zraddhAvizvAsa-rUpiNyAH, brahmasAyujyamupagatAyAH, preraNA-srotaHsvarUpAyAH, mAnasaikalalitAyAH, devyAH, 'zrImatI omazAnti-dvivedI'-ti khyAtAyAH pAdAravinde zraddhAJjali-rUpeNa samapyate kRtiriyam / dhAH / zraddhA-zAnti-viveka-bhakti-sudhayA bibhrat sudhAMzoH prabhAm, snehaudArya-dayA-vibhA'tmavibhavairdedIpyamAnAtmadhIH vyadyotiSTa prabhoccayena bhuvane yA bhAnuvad bhAsvarA, tasyai sAdhu samarpyate kRtiriyaM sneha-praNunnAtmanA // kapiladeva dvivedI AcAryaH

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nibandhAnukramaH - pRSThAGkAH nibandha-saMkhyA viSayAH (1) vaidikAH zAstrIyAzca nibandhAH 1. vedAnAM mahattvam ka. vedo'khilo dharmamUlam 2. vedAGgAnAM mahattvam ___ ka. SaDaGgo vedo'dhyeyo jJeyazca 3. mukhaM vyAkaraNaM smRtam ka. teSAM hi sAmaya'juSAM pavitraM maharSayo vyAkaraNaM nirAhuH 4. upaniSadAM mahattvam ka. sarvopaniSado gAva:0 5. gItA sugItA kartavyA ka. dugdhaM gItAmRtaM mahat 6. ramyA rAmAyaNI kathA ka. AdikavirvAlmIkiH kha. vande vAlmIki-kokilam 7. bhArataM paJcamo vedaH . ka. yadihAsti tadanyatra yannehAsti na tat kvacit kha. mahattvAd bhAravattvAcca mahAbhAratamucyate 8. purANaM paJcalakSaNam / ka. purANaM dazalakSaNam 9. purANAnAM mahattvam ka. itihAsapurANAbhyAM vedaM samupadvhayet 10. vidyAvatAM bhAgavate parIkSA (2) dArzanikA nibandhAH 11. bhAratIyadarzanAnAM mahattvaM vaiziSTyaM ca 12. karmaNyevAdhikAraste0 __ka. kurvanneveha karmANi jijIviSecchataM samAH 13. nAsti sAMkhyasamaM jJAnam . ka. sAMkhyAbhimata-tattvamImAMsA 14. ekaM sAMkhyaM ca yogaM ca yaH pazyati sa pazyati ka. sAMkhyayogayoH sAmyaM vaiSamyaM ca

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nibandha - saMkhyA 15. nAsti yogasamaM balam ka. yoga-tattvamImAMsA 16. brahma satyaM jaganmithyA ka. sarvaM khalvidaM brahma ( 6 ) viSayA: (3) kAvyazAstrIyA nibandhAH 17. vAkyaM rasAtmakaM kAvyam ka. kAvyalakSaNam 18. vakroktiH kAvyajIvitam ka. kAvyaM hi vakroktipradhAnam 19. rItirAtmA kAvyasya 20. kAvyasyAtmA dhvaniH ka. dhvanisiddhAntaH 21. vibhAvAnubhAva-vyabhicAri-saMyogAd rasaniSpattiH ka. rasa-siddhAntaH kha. raso, ve saH 22. vaidarbhI lalitakramA ka. samagraguNA vaidarbhI 23. zabdArthayoH samo gumphaH pAJcAlI rItiriSyate 24. kAvyazobhAkarAn dharmAn alaMkArAn pracakSate ka. alaMkAra - saMpradAyaH 25. satyaM zivaM sundaram 26. eko rasaH karuNa eva 27. zabdazaktayaH ( 4 ) sAhityikA nibandhAH 28. kAlidAsya sarvasvamabhijJAnazAkuntalam ka. nATakeSu zakuntalA 29. upamA kAlidAsasya 30. bhAraverathaMgauravam 31. daNDinaH padalAlityam 32. mAghe santi trayo guNAH ka. meghe mAghe gataM vayaH ka. nArikelaphalasaMmitaM vaco bhAraveH pRSThAGkAH 51 54 57 61 64 67 71 75 77 79 82 85 89 93 98 103 - 108 112

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nibandha - saMkhyA 33. naiSadhaM vidvadoSadham ka. naiSadhe padalAlityam . kha. udite neSadhe kAvye kva mAghaH kva ca bhAraviH 34. kAruNyaM bhavabhUtireva tanute ( 7 ) viSayAH ka. uttare rAmacarite bhavabhUtirviziSyate 35. kAvyeSu nATakaM ramyam 36. gadyaM kavInAM nikaSaM vadanti ka. ojaH samAsabhUyastvametad gadyasya jIvitam 37. bANocchiSTaM jagatsarvam ka. paJcabANastu bANaH kha. bANaH kavInAmiha cakravartI ga. vANI bANo babhUva ha gha. kAdambarI - rasajJAnAm AhAro'pi na rocate 38. saMskRta-sAhitye gadyasya vikAstra: ka. gadyakAvya-paramparA 39. nATakotpatti-viSayakA vAdA: ka. nATyotpatti- samIkSA 40. apAre kAvyasaMsAre kavireva prajApatiH ka. bhAratI kaverjayati kha. idameva tatkavitvaM yad vAcaH sarvatodikkAH ga. giraH kavInAM jIvanti na kathAmAtramAzritAH 41. kavikulaguruH kAlidAso vilAsaH ka. ka iha raghukAre na ramate kha. meghe mAghe gataM vayaH 42. bhAsanATakacakram ka. bhAso hAsaH kha. sUtradhArakRtArambhaH bhAso devakuleriva (5) bhASAvaijJAnikA nibandhAH 43. bhAratIyAnAM bhASAvijJAne yogadAnam 44. bhASotpatti-viSayakA vAdA: 45. arthavijJAnam ka. arthavikAsa: kha. zabdArthavijJAnam pRSThAGkAH 117 121 126 129 132 137 140 143 147 151 155 159 164

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pRSThAGkAH 167 170 176 14 189 (6) nibandha-saMkhyA viSayAH 46. vaidika-laukika-saMskRtayoH sAmyaM vaiSamyaM ca ___ka. vaidikasaMskRta-laukikasaMskRtayostulanA 47. saMskRta-prAkRtabhASayoH sAdhamyaM vaidhayaM ca (6) sAMskRtikA nibandhAH 48. vaidikI saMskRtiH 49. bhAratIyA saMskRtiH ka. bhAratIyasaMskRtermUlatattvAni 50. saMskRtiH saMskRtAzrayA ka. saMskRtaM bhAratIya-saMskRtizca kha. saMskRtaM bhAratIyasaMskRtermUlamAdhatte 51. bhAratIyasaMskRtau nArINAM sthAnam ka. yatra nAryastu pUjyante ramante tatra devatAH kha. bhAratIyasamAje mahilAnAM gauravam 52. nahi satyAt paro dharmaH ka. satyameva jayate nAnRtam kha. satye sarva pratiSThitam 53. ahiMsA paramo dharmaH 54. yato dharmastato jayaH ka. dharmo rakSati rakSitaH kha. dharmo dhArayate prajAH ga. dhAraNAd dharma ityAhuH gha. dharmeNa hInAH pazubhiH samAnAH Ga. na dharmAt paramaM mitram ca. na ca dharmo dayAparaH cha. na dharmavRddheSu vayaH samIkSyate ja. dharmasya tvaritA gatiH jha. dharmaH sa no yatra na satyamasti 55. paropakArAya satAM vibhUtayaH 56. AcAraH paramo dharmaH ka. zIlaM paraM bhUSaNam kha. vRttaM yatnena saMrakSet ga. suvRttaireva zobhante prabandhAH sajjanA iva gha. sadAcAraH 194

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pRSThAGkAH 2 * * * nibandha-saMkhyA viSayAH (7) sAmAjikA nibandhAH 57. strIzikSAyA AvazyakatopayogitA ca 58. vijJAnasya lAbhA doSAzca 59. cAturvaNyaM mayA sRSTaM guNakarmavibhAgazaH . ka. varNa-vyavasthA kha. jAtiprathAyA doSAH 60. maharSirdayAnandaH ____ ka. dayAnanda-guNa-gauravam 61. mahAtmA gAndhiH (8) ArthikA nibandhAH 62. kuTIrodyogaH ( Cottage Industry ) 63. sahakAritAndolanam ( Cooperative Movement ) 64. parivAra niyojanam ( Family Planning ) (9) rASTriyA nibandhAH 65. paJcavarSIya-yojanAH ( Five-year Plans ) 66. janatantravAdaH ( Democracy ) ka. lokatantrazAsanapaddhatiH kha. prajAtantrazAsanavidhiH ga. sarveSAM rAjatantrANAM lokatantraM viziSyate 67. samAjavAdaH ( Socialism ) 68. sAmyavAdaH ( Communism) 69. vizvazAnterupAyAH 70. chAtrANAM rAjanItI pravezaH . ka. chAtrA rAjanItizca 71: vasudhaiva kuTumbakam ka. vizvabandhutvam kha. vizvadharmaH 72. dezabhaktiH ka. bhAratamahimA __ kha. dhanyA bhAratabhUH prakAmavasudhA pratnA ca tatsaMskRtiH (10) zaikSikA nibandhAH 73. saMskRtabhASAyA mahattvam 223 * 226 230 237 239 . 3

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nibandha - saMkhyA ka. bhArate bhAtu bhAratI kha. bhASAsu madhurA mukhyA divyA gIrvANabhAratI ga. saMskRtAdhyayanasya mukhya prayojanAni 74. saMskRtasya rakSArthaM prasArArthaM copAyAH 75. bhAratIya zikSApaddhatI apekSitAH pariSkArAH ka. bhAratIyazikSApaddhatyA guNadoSavimarza: 76. zikSA manovijJAnam ( Educational Psychology ) ka. zikSA-darzanam kha. zikSAyA uddezyam 77. abhinavabhArate saMskRtam ka. bhAratIyabhASAsu saMskRtasya yogadAnam kha. saMskRtasAhityaM tatpravRttayazca ga. saMskRtaM rASTrabhASA bhavitumarhati 78. tribhASAsUtraM saMskRtaM ca ( 10 ) viSayA: ka. zikSAkrame saMskRtasya sthAnam 79. anuzAsana - samasyA ka. zikSArthiSu niraGkuzatvam, tannirodhopAyAzca 80. AcAryadevo bhava ka. AcAryo brahmaNo mUrtiH kha. gurupUjA ( 11 ) prakIrNA nibandhAH 81. jvalitaM na hiraNyaretasaM cayamAskandati bhasmanAM janaH ka. muhUrtaM jvalitaM zreyo na ca dhUmAyitaM ciram 82. nAlambate daiSTikatAM na niSIdati pauruSe / zabdArthau satkaviriva dvayaM vidvAnapekSate // ka. diSTaM pauruSaM ca kha. bhAgyavAdaH puruSArthavAdazca ga. sarvakaSA bhagavatI bhavitavyateva gha. anatikramaNIya vidhiH Ga. yadabhAvi na tadbhAvi ca. zirasi likhitaM laGghayati kaH 83, AzA balavatI rAjan zalyo jeSyati pANDavAn ka. AzA hi paramaM jyotiH pRSThAGkAH 248 250 253 257 260 262 265 268 271 274

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pRSThAkAH ( 11 ) nibandha-saMkhyA viSayAH 84. jananI janmabhUmizca svargAdapi garIyasI ka. mAtRdevo bhava kha. mAtA bhUmiH putro ahaM pRthivyAH 85. saMghe zaktiH kalau yuge ka. saMhatiH zreyasI puMsAm 86. cakravat parivartante duHkhAni ca sukhAni ca ka. kasyaikAntaM sukhamupanataM duHkhamekAntato vA kha. nIcairgacchatyupari ca dazA cakranemikrameNa ga. patanAntAH samucchrayAH gha. cakrArapaGktiriva gacchati bhAgyapaGktiH 87. ArjavaM hi kuTileSu na nItiH ka. zaThe zAThyaM samAcaret kha. mAyAcAro mAyayA vartitavyaH ga. mRdurhi paribhUyate 88. dharmArthakAmamokSANAm ArogyaM mUlamuttamam ka. zarIramAdyaM khalu dharmasAdhanam kha. Arogyam 89. udyoginaM puruSasiMhamupaiti lakSmIH ka. nAstyudyamasamo bandhuH kha. kriyAsiddhiH sattve bhavati mahatAM nopakaraNe ga. udyamena hi sidhyanti kAryANi na manorathaiH 90. uddharedAtmanAtmAnaM nAtmAnamavasAdayet / ka. mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM bandhamokSayoH 91. yogaH karmasu kauzalam ka. karmaNyevAdhikAraste kha. kurvanneveha karmANi jijIviSecchataM samAH 92. guNAH pUjAsthAnaM guNiSu na ca liGgaM na ca vayaH ka. guNairgauravamAyAti na mahatyApi saMpadA kha. gurutAM nayanti hi guNA na saMhatiH ga. tejasAM hi na vayaH samIkSyate gha. yo'nUcAnaH sa no mahAn 93. sahasA vidadhIta na kriyAm 94. cintAviSaghnaM rasAyanam

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( 12 ) viSayAH nibandha - saMkhyA ka. nAsti cintAsamo vyAdhiH 95. vidyAdhanaM sarvadhanapradhAnam ka. vidvAn sarvatra pUjyate kha. Rte jJAnAnna mukti: ga. vidyAvihInaH pazuH gha. vidyA paraM daivatam Ga. kiM kiM na sAdhayati kalpalateva vidyA ca. nahi jJAnena sadRzaM pavitramiha vidyate cha. yasya nAsti svayaM prajJA zAstraM tasya karoti kim ja. sA vidyA yA vimuktaye 96. satsaMgatiH kathaya kiM na karoti puMsAm ka. satAM sadbhiH saMgaH kathamapi hi puNyena bhavati kha. saMsargajA doSaguNA bhavanti ga. satAM saMgo hi bheSajam gha. satAM hi saMgaH sakalaM prasUyate Ga. saMgaH satAM kimu na maGgalamAtanoti 97. sarve guNAH kAJcanamAzrayante ka. hiraNyamevArjaya niSphalA guNAH kha. dhanAnyarjayadhvaM dhanAnyarjayadhvam 98. tyAjyaM na dhairyaM vidhure'pi kAle 99. na nizcitArthAd viramanti dhIrAH ka. nyAyyAt pathaH pravicalanti padaM na dhIrAH kha. sAhase zrIrvasati ga. manasvI kAryArthI gaNayati na duHkhaM na ca sukham 100. purANamityeva na sAdhu sarvam ka. kSaNe kSaNe yannavatAmupaiti tadeva rUpaM ramaNIyatAyAH pRSThAGkAH 308 311 314 317 319 322

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prAstAvikam grantha-racanAyA uddezyam-sarvaprathamam anuyogo'yaM vicAracarcAm Arohati yat satsu dazAdhikeSu saMskRta-nibandha-grantheSu kA nAma AvazyakatA nUtanasya saMskRta-nibandha-granthasya ? yadi yAthAtathyena vivicyate tahi sutarAM sphuTametad Apadyate yat santi kecana nibandhagranthAH laghukalevarAH, anye mahAkAyAzca / kecana laghoyAMsaH, anye ca mahIyAMsaH / kecana pariSkRtAH, anye ca vividhadoSabahulAH kecana vAgvaidagdhyapradhAnAH pANDityapradarzanapravaNAH, zAstrIyapaddhatisamAzrayaNakarasikAH, durbodhAH, ahRdayaGgamAzca, anye tu anAvazyaka-vistArabahulAH, apariSkRta-bhAva-bhASopetAH, mudraNAdidoSasaMvalitAH, durAsvAdyAzca / dazahAyanapUrvaM mayA yA''vazyakatA anvabhUyata prauDhasya vizvavidyAlaya-starIyasya samIkSAtmakasya saMskRta-nibandha-granthasya, sA racanayA'nayA pUrtimupaitIti na kevalaM mAmakaM svAntam, api tu sameSAM sacetasAM vipazcitAmapi mudam AvakSyatIti me nizcitaM matam / nibandharacanAyAM ke guNA vizeSataH samAvezyA iti vicAre nizcapracaM me matirudeti yad navIneSu nibandhagrantheSu vividhaviSayAvagAhi jJAnaM saMgRhyeta, gIrvANavANyAstatra tathAvidhaM svarUpam upasthApyeta yathA devavANyAM viduSAm abhirucirvardheta, tAdRzI bhASA prayujyeta yA sAralyena hRdayaGgamA syAt, viSayavivecanaM tathA prastUyeta yathA jJAnasaMvardhanena samameva prAmANikI sAmagrImapi samupasthApayet / tatra pANDityapradarzanaM nirasya, dArzanikI bhASAzailIm ananurudhya, anarthakaM vAgjAlaM parihAya, anapekSitam apAsya, pariSkRtayA bhASayA, prAJjalayA zailyA, hRdayaMgamayA bhAvAbhivyaktiprakriyayA, manojJayA sAdhiSThayA preSThayA ca vivRtyA viSayapratipAdanaM syAt / / pUrvokta-vaiziSTayaM saMgrahItukAmena mayA'tra tAdRzI zailI samAzritA yayA pratipadaM pratipalaM gIrvANavANyA adhyayane paThane anuzIlane vyavahAre ca na kevalaM saMskRtAnurAgiNAM sudhiyAmeva pravRttiH syAt, api tu sAmAnyadhiyAm alpadhiyAM cApi jijJAsUnAm abhiruciH pravardheta / ___granthasya zailI-granthe'smin katipaye vizeSA api samabhinivezitAH / iMgliz-jarmana-phreMca-bhASAdiSu nibandha-viSaye navyA vaijJAnikI zailI smaashriiyte| tatra na kevalaM sAdhIyasI bhASaiva mahattvam Azrayate, api tu viSaya-pratipAdanaM tathA sayuktikaM suvyavasthitaM prAmANika-sAmagrI-saMkalitaM syAt, yathA viSayavivRtiH sarvAGgINA hRdyA ca syAt / saiva vaijJAnikI zailI granthe'smin api samAzritA prayuktA ca / viSaya-vivecane bhAratIyAnAM pAzcAttyAnAM ca vipazcitAM tatra tatra kim abhipretamityapi sAdhu upanyastam / tatra pANDityapradarzanaM vyudasya,

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anupayogi vivaraNaM nirasya, vAgjAlaM parihRtya, sAdhiSThayA vivRtyA viSayapratipAdanaM vyadhAyi / bhASA surucirA, prauDhA, pariSkRtA, manojJA syAditi pratipadaM prayatna aasthitH| zAstrIyeSu viSayeSu zAstrIyA zailI samAzritA / viSayapratipAdanaM zAstrIyayA paddhatyA vyadhAyi / viSayAvabodhaH sAralyena syAditi yathAzakti prayatitam / sAmAjikA rASTriyA ArthikAdiviSayakA nibandhA yukti-pramANa-puraHsaraM prAmANika-sAmagrI-saMkalanasamavetA upanyastAH / bhASA-granthe'smin saMskRtabhASAyAH pariSkRtaM svarUpam upanyastam / bhASA nAtikaThinA, nAtisaralA, nAtipANDityapradarzanaparA, na duravabodhA, na durgAhyA, na bhAvabodhanasAmarthyarahitA, na niHsArA, na ca pAdapU]kadRzA prayuktA / pariSkRtyA samameva arthagAmbhIryam, rucirapadAvalI-saMkalanam, mAdhuryam, prAJjalatvaM ca saMgRhItaM syAditi pratipadaM prAyatyata / kvacid lokaprayogam Azritya satyapi zuddha rASTriya-zabde ( rASTrAvArapArAd ghakho, a04-2-93, iti ghaiya-pratyayaH), rASTrIyazabdo'pi (vRddhAcchaH, a04-2-114 iti cha-Iya-pratyayaH) bahudhA prayuktaH / evameva arthavezadyam Azritya-pUMjIvAdaH ( Capitalism ), paMjIvAdinaH ( Capitalists ) ityAdayaH zabdA api yathAsthAnaM prayuktAH / evameva vividhasthaleSu nava-bhAvAvabodhanArthaM vaijJAnikAH pracuraprayogAzca zabdAH eTamabama-kAra-reDiyo - TrAnz2isTara-TaiMka-sabamairIna-rADAra - rAkeTa-eksare-alTrAvAyoleTa rez2a-kaimarA-grAmophona-roTarI mazIna-TAiparAiTara-TeparikArDara-sAiklosTAila mazIna-skUTara-lapa-prabhRtayo yatra tatra saMskRtIkaraNam anAzritya pryuktaaH| te vidvadbhirlokadharma yugadharma cAnvIkSya na viprtipttvyaaH|| bhASA-viSaye idaM cAparaM vaktavyaM yat kvacit kvacid arthaspaSTIkaraNam Azritya sati saMbhave'pi sandhi-samAzrayaNe na anivAryataH sandhiprayogo vihitaH / yatra kRte'pi sandhau nArthAvagame kAThinyaM tatra sandhirvihitaH / arthAvabodhe kAThinye sati sandhiparihAro vihitaH / / pratipAdyA viSayAH-nibandhAnAM viSaya-saMgrahe kAcid navInatA'tra parilakSiSyate / saMskRte pracalitAH zAstrIyAH sAhityikAH prakIrNAzca viSayAH sameSAmeva dRggocaratAm upayAnti, param adyatve na prAcInA eva viSayAH paryAptAH / AdhunikA api viSayAH sarvatra jijJAsAviSayAH parIkSAviSayAzca / tadyathA-paJcavarSIyA yojanAH, kuTIrodyogaH, sahakAritAndolanam, parivAraniyojanam, janatantram, samAjavAdaH, sAmyavAdaH, vizvazAnterupAyAH, chAtrANAM rAjanItau pravezaH, bhAratIyAnAM bhASAvijJAne yogadAnam, bhASotpattiviSayakA vAdAH, vijJAnasya lAbhA doSAzca, bhAratIya-zikSApaddhatI apekSitAH pariSkAsaH, abhinavabhArate saMskRtam, anuzAsana-samasyA, tribhASAsUtraM saMskRtaM ca, ityaadyH| evaM sphuTametad vijJAyate yad yathaiva zAstrIyANAM viSayANAM mahattvaM

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( 15 ) tathaiva pracalitAnAmapi viSAyANAM gauravAspadatvam / etad avadhAryaiva ekAdazavargeSu -nibandhazatakaM vibhAjitam / zAstrIya-viSayaiH sahaiva sAmAjikAH, ArthikAH, rASTIyAH, zaikSikAH, sAMskRtikAzca viSayA vivecitAH vyAkhyAtAzca / vargabhedam Azritya vivecitAnAM viSayANAM saMkhyA adhovinyastarUpeNa vidyate-(1) vaidikAH zAstrIyAzca nibandhAH-10; (2) dArzanikA nibandhAH-6; (3) kAvyazAstrIyA nibandhAH-11; (4) sAhityikA nibandhAH-15; (5) bhASAvaijJAnikA nibandhAH-5; (6) sAMskRtikA nibandhAH-9; (7) sAmAjikA nibandhAH-5; (8) ArthikA nibandhAH-3; (9) rASTrIyA nibandhAH-8; (10) zaikSikA nibandhAH -8; (11) prakIrNA nibandhAH-20 / evaM vyAkhyAtAnAM viSayANAM mahattvaM svayameva avadhArayituM paaryte| viSayANAM pratipAdane sarvatraiva prAmANikI sAmagrI saMkalitA vartate / yatra mantrAdikaM padyAdikaM vA udhriyate tatra tasya prAmANikaH sandarbho'pi prstuuyte| granthasya vaiziSTayam-granthasyAsya kecana vizeSAH santi, te'tra samAsata upasthApyante:(1) zAstrIyANAM vaijJAnikAnAM laukikAnAM ca viSayANAM saMgrahaH / (2) srl-srs-llit-prisskRt-praanyjl-bhaassaapryogH| ( 3 ) pANDitya-pradarzana-nirasana-puraHsaraM manojJA bhAvAbhivyaktiprakriyA, vaijJA nikI vizleSaNa-paddhatizca / (4) zAstrIyaviSayaiH sahaiva rASTriya-sAMskRtika-sAmAjika-Arthika-zaikSikAdi viSayANAM vivecanaM vizleSaNaM ca / (5) viSayapratipAdane vaijJAnikyA navInatamazailyAH samAzrayaNam / / ( 6 ) tattadviSayavivecane prAmANika-sAmagrI-saMkalanam, prAmANikaH sandarbha nirdezazca / (7) vizvavidyAlaya-starIya-nibandhAnAM prAmANikaH sNgrhH| (8) saMskRtAnurAgiNAM parIkSAditsUnAM cAnupamo nidhiH / (9) dhArAvAhika-bhASA-prayogaH, bhASA-kAThinyApanodanaM ca / (10) rASTriya-sAmAjika-ArthikAdi-viSaya-vivecane prAmANika-sAmagrI-saMkala nam / tadviSaye bhAratIya-pAzcAttyAdividuSAM mataprakAzanam / . (11) zaikSikAdiviSayeSu, vivAdAspadeSu ca keSucid viSayeSu yAthAtathyato viSayavivecanaM svamataprakAzanaM ca / sthUlAkSaropayogena mudraNa-saundaryam, sphuTA bhAvAbhivyaktiH, mudraNa-truTyabhAvaH, lokopayogitvaM c| (12)

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kRtajJatA-prakAzanam-granthasyAsya prakAzane preraNAsrotaHsvarUpA, divaMgatA'pi bhUmaNDalavyApinI zrImatI omazAnti dvivedI satataM saMsmaryate / kumArI bhAratI dvivedI, bhAratenduH dvivedI, dharmendu: dvivedI ca sAmagrI-saMkalanAdiSu sAhAyyam AcaritavantaH, tadartham AzIrvAdabhAjaH / kumArI pratibhA dvivedI, jJAnenduH dvivedI, vizvenduH dvivedI, AryenduH dvivedI ca kAryasyAsya nirvighnaM parisamAptyartham AzIrvAdabhAjaH / prakAzakaH zrIpuruSottamadAsa modI ema0 e0 mudraNavyavasthArtham anavaratapreraNApradAnAthaM ca dhanyavAdam arhati / .. upasaMhAraH-'A paritoSAd viduSAM na sAdhu manye prayogavijJAnam' ( zAku0 1-2) iti kAlidAsabhaNitim anusRtya vidvatparitoSa eva me pritossvissyH| granthAntargatAH truTayaH, saMzodhana-parivartana-parivardhanAdivicArAzca kRtajJatA-puraHsaraM sviikrissynte| saMskRtAnurAgiNAM chAtrANAM samutkarSaH sAphalyaM ced granthenatena saMpAdyate tarhi zramo me phlegrhiH| etadabhidhAya viramyate yat purANamityeva na sAdhu sarva, na cApi kiMcinnavamityavadyam / santaH parIkSyAnyatarad bhajante, mUDhaH prprtyyneybuddhiH|| zAntiniketana, jJAnapura ( vArANasI) ) jyeSTha pUrNimA kapiladevo dvivedI dinAMka-23-6-75 I0 dvitIyaM saMskaraNam harSAvaho'yaM viSayo yad vidvadbhiH saMskRtAnurAgibhizca chAtraH grantho'yaM samAhRtaH / alpIyasaiva kAlena granthasyAsya prathamasaMskaraNasya samAptiH saMsUcayati lokapriyatAm / tadartha vidvAsaH saMskRtAnurAgiNaH chAtrAzca sutarAM dhanyavAdArhAH / dvitIye'smin saMskaraNe Avazyaka-sAmagrI-saMvardhanam, apekSitaM parivartanaM parivardhanaM saMzodhanaM ca vihitam / AzAse parivardhanAdi-samanvitaM saMskaraNamidaM sameSAmapi mudam AvakSyatIti / zAntiniketana, jJAnapura (vArANasI) ) makara-saMkrAntiH, 2036 vi0 kapiladevo dvivedI dinAMka-14-1-80 I0

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1. vedAnAM mahattvam (vedo'khilo dharmamUlam ) vedazabdArthaH-'vida jJAne' iti jJAnArthakAd viddhAtopani pratyaye kRte veda iti rUpaM niSpadyate / evaM vedazabdo jJAnArthakaH / jJAnarAzirveda iti vaktaM shkyte| vida sattAyAm, vida vicAraNe, vidlu lAbhe, vid cetanAkhyAnanivAseSu iti dhAtubhyo'pi ghani vedarUpaM niSpadyate / vedA jJAnarAzitvAt zAzvatasthAyinaH, jJAnanidhayaH, mAnavahitaprApakAH, manuja-kartavya-bodhakA iti vividhadhAtvarthagrahaNAd jnyaayte| vedAnAM veziSTayama-vedArthAnuzIlanAd jJAyate yad vedA hi vividhajJAnavijJAna-rAzayaH, saMskRterAdhArarUpAH, kartavyAkartavyAvabodhakAH zubhAzubhanidarzakAH, jIvanasyonnAyakAH, vizvahitasaMpAdakAH, AcAra-saMcArakAH, sukhazAntisAdhakAH, jJAnAlokaprasArakAH, satyatAyAH saraNayaH kalAkalApaprerakAH, AzAyA AzrayAH, nairAzya-vinAzakAH, caturvargAvAptisopAnasvarUpAzca santi / ___ vedAnAM mahattvavicAracintAyAM katipaye'nuyogAH purato'vatiSThante / kati vedAH ? kiM vedAnAM mahattvam ? kiM vedAnAM vedatvam ? kiM tatra viziSTaM jJAnam ? kiM teSAM vyAvahArikI upayogitA ? kiM vedAdhyayanasya jIvane upayogitvam ? kiM ca samasyAbahule jagati samasyA-nirAkaraNatvaM vedAnAm ? kiM ca vedAnAM dhArmika rAjanItikam Arthika bhASA-vaijJAnikam aitihAsikaM kAvyazAstrIyaM zAstrIya sAmAjika sAMskRtikaM ca mahattvam ? ityevAtra samAsato viviyate prastUyate ca / vaidikaM sAhityam-mukhyatvena vedazabdaH RgyajuH sAmAtharvanAmabhiH pracalitAnAM catasRNAM vedasahitAnAM bodhkH| eteSAmeva caturNAM vedAnAM vyAkhyAnabhUtA brAhmaNagranthAH santi, yeSu vaidikakarmakANDasya vizadaM varNanamasti / eteSa vedAnAm AdhyAtmikI vyAkhyA'pi prastUyate / eteSAM pariziSTarUpeNa AraNyakagranthAH santi / eSu adhyAtmavidyAyA vivecanaM prApyate / upaniSatsu ca tasyA evAdhyAtmavidyAyAzcaramotkarSaH sNlkssyte| vaidikasAhityazabdena samagro'pi mantra-brAhmaNa-AraNyaka-upaniSat-saMgraharUpo nidhirgRhyate / ataeva 'mantrabrAhmaNayorvedanAmadheyam' (Apa0 zrauta0 31 ) iti nirdizyate / vedAnAM dhArmika mahattvam-vedA manvAdibhiH RSibhiH paramapramANatvenopanyastAH / 'vedo'khilo dharmamUlam ( manusmRti 2-6 ) iti samudghoSayatA manunA samagrasyApi vedanidherdharmAdhArarUpeNa pratiSThA vihitaa| mAnavasyAkhilaM kRtyajAtaM kartavyAkartavyaM vA deveSu vizadatayA nirUpyate / ataeva vedA AcArasaMhitA-rUpeNa pramANIkriyante /

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam yaH kazcit kasyacid dharmo manunA parikIrtitaH / sa sarvo'bhihito vede sarvajJAnamayo hi saH // ( manu0 2-7 ) sarve'pi vidvattallajA bhAratIyA dArzanikAH, AcArazikSaNapravaNAH smRtikArAH, zabdatattvamImAMsAdakSA vaiyAkaraNAH, anye ca zAstrakArA vedAnAM paramaprAmANyaM pratipadam udghoSayanti / ataeva maharSiNA pataJjalinA kartavyatvena samAdizyate yat M brAhmaNena niSkAraNo dharmaH SaDaGgo vedo'dhyeyo jJeyazca / ( mahAbhASya, Ahnika 1) smRtikArairna etAvataiva viramyate, apitu nirdizyate yat brAhmaNena ekaniSThayA vedAdhyayanaM saMpAdyam / etad brAhmaNasya paramaM tapaH / yazca vedAdhyayanam avamatya zAstrAntare kRtamatiH, sa jIvanneva saparivAraH zUdratvam upayAti / vedameva sadA'bhyasyet tapastapyan dvijottamaH / vedAbhyAso hi viprasya tapaH paramihocyate // manu0 2-166 yosnadhItya dvijo vedamanyatra kurute zramam / sa jIvanneva zUdratvamAzu gacchati sAnvayaH // manu0 2-168 vedAnAM sAMskRtikaM mahattvam - bhAratIyAyAH saMskRtermUla sroto'nusaMdhIyate cet tarhi vedA eva tanmUlasrotastvenopatiSThanti / vedaSveva pratnatamA bhAratIyA saMskRtirvaNitA'sti / bhAratIyAyAH saMskRtermUlarUpaM vedeSvevopalabhyate / vedeSveva prAktanabhAratIyAnAM jIvanadarzanaM, kAryakalApaH, AcAra-vicArAH, naitikaM sAmAjikaM ca caritaM prApyate / mAnavAnAM vividhakartavyAdinirdhAraNaM tatraivopalabhyate / uktaM ca manunA sarveSAM tu sa nAmAni karmANi ca pRthak pRthak / vedazabdebhya evAdau pRthak saMsthAzca nirmame // manu0 1-21 lokamAnya-tilakamahAbhAgAstu vedeSu prAmANyabuddhimeva Aryatvasya lakSaNaM vyAdizanti -- 'prAmANyabuddhirvedeSu', vedeSvevAryANAM saMskRtevizuddha rUpaM vistarazaH prApyate / AryANAM yajJeSu dRDhavizvAsaH, ekezvaravAdena sahaiva bahudevatAvAda - syApi svIkaraNam, anAsaktabhAvanayA karmavidhiH, Izvarasya sarvavyApakatvam, jJAnakarmaNoH samanvayaH, bhautikavAdaM pratyanAsthA, punarjanmani vizvAsa:, mokSasyajIvanoddezyatvaM cetyAditathyAni vedeSveva prApyante / 1 vizvasaMskRteraitihyaM gaveSitaM cet tarhi vedA eva sarva pramukhatvena dRSTipatham avataranti / asmin saMsAre saMskRteH sabhyatAyAzca kathamiva vikAso'bhUdityarthaM vedAnuzIlanam anivAryam Apadyate / tata eva kramikavikAsasya prakriyA prApyate / ataeva yajurvede prApyate - ' sA prathamA saMskRtivizvavArA' ( yaju0 7 - 14), vaidikI saMskRtiH prathamA saMskRtirAsIt /

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vedAnAM mahattvam zAstrIyaM mahattvam-vedAnAM zAstrIyaM mahattvaM sarvatomukhyaM vartate / 'sarvajJAnamayo hi saH' iti vadatA manunA vedAnAM sarvavidhajJAnanidhAnatvam urIkRtam / yadi vicAradRzA samokSyate tahi vedeSu bIjarUpeNa dArzanikAH siddhAntAH, rAjanItiH, samAjazAstram, adhyAtmam, manovijJAnam, AyurvedaH, gaNitam, arthazAstram, nATyazAstram, kAvyazAstram, kAmazAstram, anyAzca vividhAH kalAstatra tatra varNyante / vaidikaM darzanam adhyAtmatattvaM copAdAya upaniSado vividhAni darzanAni ca pravRttAni / tathyametad nidarzanarUpeNa nATyazAstrakRto bharatamunevivecanena vizadIbhavati jagrAha pAThyam RgvedAt sAmabhyo gItameva ca / yajurvedAdabhinayAn rasAnAtharvaNAdapi // nATyazAstra 1-17 naitikaM mahattvam-vedAnAm AcArazikSA-dRSTayA, naitika-darzanarUpeNa cAtIva mahattvaM vartate / kartavyodbodhanarUpeNa teSAM paramaM prAmANyaM vartate / kiM karma, kim akarmeti cintAyAM vedA evAdarzarUpeNa prastUyante / ataeva manunocyate vedaH smRtiH sadAcAraH svasya ca priymaatmnH| etaccaturvidhaM prAhuH sAkSAt dharmasya lakSaNam // manu0 2-12 zrutismRtyuditaM dharmam anutiSThan hi maanvH| ihakIrtimavApnoti pretya cAnuttamaM sukham // manu0 2-9 dharmacintAyAM kartavyavicAraNe ca vedAH paramapramANabhUtAH santi / dharma jijJAsamAnAnAM pramANaM paramaM shrutiH|| manu0 2-13 sAmAjikaM mahattvam-samAjazAstrIyadRSTyA'pi vedA atyantaM mahattvapUrNAH santi / samAjasya vikAsasya, sabhyatAyAH samunnateH, varNAnAM vividhavRttiparANAM narANAM ca karmakalApasya, sAmAjikyA vyavasthAyAzca mahattvapUrNam itivRttaM vedeSupalabhyate / prAktanasya samAjasya kiM svarUpamAsIdityapi tata evAptuM pAryate / ArthikaM mahattvam-arthazAstradRSTyA'pi vedAnAM mahattvam asti / vedeSu pratnAyA arthavyavasthAyAH svarUpaM sphuTaM smvaapyte| AdAna-pradAnasya, krayavikrayasya, vyApArasya vANijyasya ca, gavAdipazUnAm, kRSi-dhAnyAdInAM ca kA vyavasthA'vasthA cAsIdityapi tatra prAptuM zakyate / AdAna-pradAnasya mahattvaM yajurvede varNyate dehi me dadAmi te ni me dhehi ni te dadhe / nihAraM ca harAsi me nihAraM niharANi te // yaju0 3-50 rAjanItika mahattvam-rAjanItizAstradRSTyApi vedAnAM mahattvaM nAvamUlyayituM zakyate / vedeSu rAjJaH prajAyAzca karmANi, rAjatantrasya vividhaM svarUpam, rAjJo varaNam, sabhAyAH samitezca saMsthApanA, mantripariSado mano

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam nayanam, rAjatantrIyA prajAtantrIyA ca zAsanavyavasthA, zatru saMhAraH, sAmadaNDAdividhInAM prayogaH, samupalabhyante / vedeSu rAjJo nirvAcanasya prajAtantrIyAyA rAjyavyavasthAyAzcApi samullekho vividheSu sthaleSu upalabhyate / tadyathA-- vizastvA sarvA vAJchantu 0 ( atharva 0 6-87 - 1 ) tvAM vizo vRNatAM rAjyAya / ( atharva 0 3 - 4-2 ) mahate jAnarAjyAya 0 / ( yaju0 9-40 ) bhASAvaijJAnikaM mahattvam - tulanAtmakabhASAvijJAnasyAdhyayanAya vedAnAm atIva mahattvaM vidyate / vedA vizvasya prAcInatamAH samupalabdhA granthAH / tatrApi Rgvedasya prAcInatamatvena bhASAyAH prAcInatamaM rUpaM prApyate / pArasIkadharmagrantha-jendAvestA ( chando'vasthA ) granthena saha tulanAyAm avestA - bhASayA saha vaidikabhASAyA ghaniSThaH sambandho dRzyate / RgvedIyA mantrA avestAbhASAyAm avestA- mantrAzca vaidikamantreSu ca parivartayituM zakyante / tulanAtmakabhASAvijJAnasya dRSTyA vizeSato vedAnAm adhyayanaM pAzcAttya dezeSu pravRttam / vaidika-saMskRtabhASAyA laukika - saMskRtasya tatazca bhASANAm anyAsAM jani - kramasyAvabodhAya vedAnAm adhyayanam anivAryam / " 4 aitihAsikaM mahattvam -- vedeSu katipaye aitihyAvabodhakAH sandarbhA api tatra tatropalabhyante / tAnAzritya saMdarbhAn vidvadbhiH prAcInatamam aitihyaM prastUyate / tatra gaGgAdInAM nadInAm ( Rg0 10-75-5 ), dAzarAjJayuddhasya ( Rg0 7-83-7 ), paJca janAnAn ( Rg0 3 - 37-9), vividhAnAM varNAnAM vRttInAM ca (yaju0 30-5-22 ) ullekhaH prApyate / kAvyazAstrIyaM sAhityikaM ca mahattvam - kAvyazAstrIyadRSTyA'pi vedAnAM mahattvaM prazasyam / tatra anuprAsa - yamaka - rUpakAdInAm alaMkArANAM prayogo'nekatra prApyate / uSaH sUkte uSaso varNane kavitvasya sphuTaM darzanaM jAyate / sundarI yuvatiH svavastrANIva uSAH svIyaM saundaryaM vistArayati / sakale'pi bhuvane tasyAH saundaryam AhalAdakAri vyApnoti ava syUmeva cinvatI maghonyuSA yAti svasarasya patnI / svarjanantI subhagA sudaMsA AntAd divaH papratha A pRthivyA: // (Rg0 3 - 61-4) evaM vedAdhyayanaM jIvanaM pAvayati, cintAkulaM jagat cintAyAstrAyate, lokAnAM vividhAH samasyA nivArayati, jIvanam unnamayati, sadbhAvAMzca prerayati iti sarvathA vedAnAM mahattvaM sidhyati / 1 vedAnAM mahattvam aGgIkRtyaiva bhAratIyaiH pAzcAttyaizca vipazcidbhiH vedAdhyayane svajIvanaM yApitam / tad yathA - sAyaNAcArya - veMkaTamAdhava - maharSi - dayAnanda - madhusUdana ojhA - motIlAla zarmA - vAsudevazaraNa agravAla- maiksamUlararuDAlpha raoNTha-vilsana-griphitha-maikaDAnala prabhRtayo vidvattallajAH /

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2. vedAGgAnAM mahattvam ' (SaDaGgo vedo'dhyeyo jJeyazca ) vedArthAvabodhAya tatsvarAdyavagamAya tadviniyogajJAnAya cAsId mahatyAvazyakatA keSAMcit sahAyakagranthAnAm / etadabhAvapUrtaye eva janirabhUd vedAGgAnAm / SaDimAni vedAGgAni / 1. zikSA, 2. vyAkaraNam, 3: chandaH, 4. niruktam, 5. jyotiSam, 6. kalpaH / tathocyate zikSA kalpo vyAkaraNaM niruktaM chandasAM cyH| jyotiSAmayanaM caiva vedAGgAni SaDeva tu|| SaNNAm eteSAM mahattvaM nirIkSyaiva pANinIyazikSAyAM pratipAdyate yatchandaH pAdau tu vedasya hasto kalpo'tha ptthyte| jyotiSAmayanaM cakSuniruktaM zrotramucyate // zikSA nANaM tu vedasya mukhaM vyAkaraNaM smRtam / tasmAt sAGgamadhItyaiva brahmaloke mahIyate // pA0 zikSA, zloka 14-42 vedAGgAnAmeteSAM vivaraNaM vedArthabodhopayogitA ca samAsato'tra prastUyate / (1) zikSA-zikSAgranthA varNoccAraNavidhi vizeSato varNayanti / kathaM varNA uccAraNIyAH, kiM teSAM sthAnam, kazca tatra yatnaH, kaNThatAlvAdInAm uccAraNe kiM mahattvam, kati varNAH, kathaM kAyamAruto varNatvena vipariNamate, kati sthAnAni, kati svarAH, kathaM ca te prayojyA ityAdayo viSayAH zikSAgrantheSu vivicyante / sAyaNena RgvedabhASyabhUmikAyAM zikSAlakSaNam ucyate yat svaravarNAdhuccAraNaprakAro yatra zikSyate sA zikSA / taittirIyopaniSadi zikSAyAH svarUpaM nirUpyate yad varNaH, svaraH, mAtrA, balam, sAma, sntaanH| ityuktaH shikssaadhyaayH| tai02-1 ___ etacca pANininA muninaivaM viviyate-varNaH akArAdiH, svarAHudAttAnudAttasvaritAH, mAtrA:-hrasvadIrghaplutAH, balam-sthAnaprayatnau, sAmasAmyena vidhinA mAdhuryAdi-guNasamanvita-varNoccAraNam, santAnaH-saMhitApagaTham anusRtya sandhiniyamAnukUlaM padaprayogaH / ucyate ca pANinIyazikSAyAm mAdhuryamakSaravyaktiH padacchedastu susvrH| dhairya layasamathaM ca SaDete pAThakA gunnaaH|| (pA0 33) sAmpratam upalabhyamAneSu 32 zikSAgrantheSa pANinIyazikSA prmukhaa| anye ca viziSTAH zikSAgranthAH santi--yAjJavalkyazikSA, vyAsazikSA, nAradazikSA, mANDUkIzikSA ceti / varNoccAraNAdividhi-jJAnam antareNa na zakyo vedAnAM vizuddhaH pATho'rthAvagamazceti / 'zikSA ghrANaM tu vedasya' vyAharatA pANininA zikSAgranthAnAM nAsikA sthAnIyatvaM svIkriyate /

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam (2) vyAkaraNam-vyAkaraNe prakRti-pratyayasya vicAraH, udAttAdisvaravicAraH, udAttAdisvarasaMcAraniyamAH, sandhiniyamAH, zabdarUpa-dhAturUpAdi nirmANaniyamAH, prakRteH pratyasya ca svarUpAvadhAraNaM tadarthanirdhAraNaM ceti vividhA viSayA vivicyante / vedeSu prakRti-pratyaya-vicArasya svarasya ca mahanmahattvamiti tatra vyAkaraNameva sAhAyyam anutiSThatIti SaDaGgeSu vyAkaraNameva pradhAnam / saMskRtavyAkaraNaM prAtizAkhyamUlakameva / vedAnAM pratizAkhAm Azritya vyAkaraNagranthA Asan, te ca prAtizAkhyagranthA iti prasiddhim AptAH / sAmprataM kecanaiva prAtizAkhyagranthA upalabhyante / te kamapyekaM vedam Azritya vartante / tadyathA-Rgvedasya zaunakapraNItam RkprAtizAkhyam / etadeva pArSadasUtram ityapyabhidhIyate / zuklayajurvedasya kAtyAyanaviracitaM zuklayajuH prAtizAkhyam, kRSNayajurvedasya taittirIyaprAtizAkhyaM / sAmavedasya sAmaprAtizAkhyaM puSpasUtraM vA, paJcavidhasUtraM ca / atharvavedasya atharvaprAtizAkhyam / vyAkriyante vivicyante zabdA aneneti vyAkaraNam / etadarthameva saMskRtavyAkaraNasya janirabhUt / saMskRtavyAkaraNAvabodhAya maharSeH pANineH aSTAdhyAyI prAdhAnyaM labhate / laukikasaMskRtena sahaiva vaidikasaMskRtasyApi vyAkaraNaM tatra prastUyate / anye prAcInA vyAkaraNagranthA luptaprAyA eva / pANinIyasUtreSu kAtyAyanena vArtikAH pataJjalinA ca mahAbhASyaM viracitam / pANinikAtyAyana-pataJjali-iti trayaM munitrayam ityabhidhIyate / tatra pANineraSTAdhyAyI sarvAGgavibhUSitatvAt sarvatrAdaraM lebhate / pataJjale: mahAbhASyaM ca vyAkaraNadarzanasya mUlam / atra vizadIkRtasya dArzanikabhAvajAtasya samAzrayaNaM vidhAya kaiyaTanAgeza-bhartRhari-prabhRtibhiH vyAkaraNadarzanasya vikAso vyadhAyi / vAkyapadIyaM vyAkaraNadarzanasya mUrdhanyaM ratnam / saMskRta-vyAkaraNa-viSaye anye'pi kecana granthAH sAdaraM smaryante / tadyathA-vAmana-jayAditya-kRtA aSTAdhyAyyAH kAzikAvRttiH, tatra ca jinendrabuddhikRto nyAsagranthaH, haradattamizrakRtA padamaJjarI ca, bhaTTojidIkSitapraNItAH siddhAntakaumudI-zabdakaustubha-prauDhamanoramA-granthAH, nAgezabhaTTakRtAH zabdenduzekhara-paribhASenduzekhara-maJjaSA-sphoTavAdAdigranthAH, varadarAjakRtA laghusiddhAntakaumudI madhyasiddhAntakaumudI ca / (3) chandaH-vedeSu mantrAH prAyazazchandobaddhA eva / ato vRttajJAnAya chandaHzAstram anivAryam / chandaHzAstraviSayako mukhyo granthaH piMgala-praNItaM chandaH sUtramevopalabhyate / prAtizAkhyagrantheSvapi vRttavicAraH prApyate / ebhya eva laukikachandoviSayakANAM granthAnAM vikAsaH samajani / (4) niruktam-nirukte kliSTavaidikazabdAnAM nirvacanaM prApyate / viSaye'smin yAskapraNItaM niruktameva pramukho granthaH / atra mantrANAM nirvacanamUlAyA vyAkhyAyAH prathamaH prayAsaH samAsAdyate / vaidikazabdAnAM saMgrahAtmako

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vedAGgAnAM mahattvam grantho nighaNTuriti kathyate / tasyaiva vyAkhyAnabhUtaM niruktametat / yAsko nirukte svapUrvavartinaH saptadazaniruktakArAn parigaNayati / nirukte kANDatrayaM naighaNTukakANDaM naigamakANDaM daivatakANDaM ceti / niruktasya paJcavidhakAryatvam / uktaM ca varNAgamo varNaviparyayazca dvau cAparau varNavikAranAzau / dhAtostadarthAtizayena yogastaducyate-paJcavidhaM niraktam // (5) jyotiSam-zubhaM muhUrtam Azrityaiva viziSTo'dhvaraH prAvartateti zubhamuhUrtAkalanAya jyotiSasyodayo'bhUt / atra sUryacandramasorgrahANAM nakSatrANAM ca gatinirIkSyate parIkSyate vivicyate ca / sauramAsazcAndramAsazcobhayaM parigaNyate'tra / makhamuhartanirdhAraNe cAndramAsasya prAdhAnyaM lakSyate / viSaye'smin AcAryalagadhapraNItaM vedAGgajyotiSam iti grantha eva sAmpratam upalabhyate / atIva gUDhArthako'yaM granthaH / adyAvadhi na ko'pyasyArthAvadhAraNe sakSamaH / jyotiSasya mahattvaM tatrocyatevedA hi yajJArthamabhipravRttAH kAlAnupUrvA vihitAzca yjnyaaH| tasmAdidaM kAlavidhAnazAstraM yo jyotiSaM veda sa veda vedam // (vedAGgajyotiSam) (6) kalpaH kalpasUtreSu vividhAdhvarANAM saMskArAdInAM ca varNanaM prApyate / mantrANAM vividhakarmasu viniyogazca tatra pratipAdyate / kalpasUtrANi caturdhA vibhajyante-( ka ) zrautasUtram , ( kha ) gRhyasUtram , ( ga ) dharmasUtram , (gha ) zulbasUtraM ca / ( ka ) zrautasUtram-zrautasUtreSu zrutipratipAditAnAM sapta haviryajJAnAM sapta somayajJAnAm evaM caturdazayajJAnAM vidhiviniyogAdikaM ca pratipAdyate / tatra pramukhANi zrautasUtrANi santi-AzvalAyanazrautasUtram , zAMkhAyanazrautasUtram0, baudhAyana0, Apastamba0, mAnava0, kAtyAyana0, lATyAyana0, drAhyAyaNa0, vaitAnazrautasUtraM ca / zrautasUtrANImAni kamapyekaM vedamAzritya vartante / ( kha ) gRhyasUtram-gRhyasUtreSu SoDazasaMskArANAM paJcamahAyajJAnAM saptapAkayajJAnAm anyeSAM ca gRhyakarmaNAM savizeSaM varNanam Apyate / gRhyasUtrANyapi kamapyekaM vedam Azritya vartante / tatra pramukhANi santi-AzvalAyanagRhyasUtram, pAraskara0, zAMkhAyana0, baudhAyana0, Apastamba0, mAnava0, hiraNyakezI0, bhAradvAja0, kAThaka0, laugAkSi0, gobhila0, jaiminoya0, khadiragRhyasUtraM ceti / (ga) dharmasUtram-dharmasUtreSu mAnavAnAM kartavyaM nItidharmo rItayaH caturvarNAzramANAM kartavyAdikam anyacca sAmAjikaniyamAdikaM varNyate / tatra pramukhA granthAH santi-baudhAyanadharmasUtram, Apastamba0, hiraNyakezI0, vasiSTha0, mAnava0, gautamadharmasUtraM ca / (gha ) zulvasUtram--zulvasUtreSu yajJavedyA mAnAdikaM vedInirmANavidhyAdikaM ca vrnnyte| tatra mukhyA granthAH santi-baudhAyanazulvasUtram , Apastamba0, kAtyAyana0, mAnavazulvasUtraM ca /

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3. mukhaM vyAkaraNaM smRtam ( teSAM hi sAmaryajuSAM pavitraM maharSayo vyAkaraNaM nirAhuH) vyAkaraNazabdArtha:--vyAkriyante vivicyante prakRtipratyayAdayo yatra tad vyAkaraNam, iti vyutpattim Azritya vyAkaraNaM zabdazAstraM nAma / vyAkaraNe hi prakRtipratyayAdInAM sUkSmAtisUkSma vivecanaM prastUyate / vivecanameva vyAkaraNasya mukhyArthaH / prakRtipratyayayoH, dhvanisphoTayoH, zabdApazabdayoH, AkRtidravyayoH, zabdanityatAnityatayoH, padavAkyayoH, padapadArthayoH, vAkyavAkyArthayoH vivecanaM vizleSaNaM ca vyAkaraNasya prayojakatvenAsthIyate / vyAkaraNasya prayojanam-bhagavatA pataJjalinA vyAkaraNasya paJca prayojanAni upasthApyante / tadyathA rakSohAgamaladhvasandehAH prayojanam / ( mahAbhASya, A0 1) vedAnAM rakSArtham, UhArtham, arthAt yathAsthAnam ucitazabdaprayogArtham, zAstrAjJApAlanArtham, laghvartham, asandehAthaM ca vyAkaraNAdhyayanam anivAryam / zAstrAjJAmanuvadatA pataJjalinA procyate brAhmaNena niSkAraNo dharmaH SaDaGgo vedo'dhyeyo jJeyazca / pradhAnaM ca SaDaGgeSu vyaakrnnm| (mahAbhASya, A0 1) evaM pataJjalinA vyAkaraNAdhyayanasyopayogitvaM SaDaGgeSu vyAkaraNasya mukhyatvaM ca prtipaadyte| vyAkaraNasya mahattvam--varNoccAraNajJAnam antareNa na vaiduSyaM na ca zAstrajJatvaM prAptuM zakyate / varNoccAraNajJAnam, zabdApazabdajJAnam, prakRti-pratyayajJAnam, vividhazabdanirmANa prakriyAjJAnam, ca vyAkaraNenaiva avAptuM zakyate, ataH AbAlavRddhaM vyAkaraNasya mahattvam / vyAkaraNAd Rte zuddhazabdajJAnaM pariSkRtazabdaprayogazca na saMbhAvyate / ataeva ekasyApi zuddhasya zabdasya jJAnaM suprayogazca svarge loke kAmadhuktvena prazasyate pataJjalinA . ekaH zabdaH samyagjJAtaH suprayuktaH svarge loke ca kAmadhug bhavati / bhagavatA bhartRhariNA 'sAdhutvajJAnaviSayA saiSA vyAkaraNasmRtiH' (vAkyapadIya 1-143 ) iti nirdizatA sAdhutvajJAnArthaM vyAkaraNasyAnivAryatvam updishyte| __ yajurvede 'dRSTvA rUpe vyAkarot satyAnRte prajApatiH' ( yaju0 19-77 ) iti mantreNa satyAsatya-vivecanamapi vyAkaraNazabdena samarthyate / kAvyAdarza mahAkaverdaNDinaH satyamidaM vacanaM yad yadi zabdanAmakaM jyotirbhuvane na dIpyeta tarhi jagadidam andhantamaH syAt

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mukhaM vyAkaraNaM smRtam idamandhantamaH kRtsnaM jAyate bhuvanatrayam / yadi zabdAhvayaM jyotirAsaMsAraM na dIpyate // ( kAvyAdarza 1-34) zuddhazabdajJAnArthaM zuddhazabdaprayogArthaM ca vyAkaraNajJAnasyAnivAryatA sarvaireva saMstUyate / ataH sAdhUcyate yadyapi bahu nAghISe tathApi paTha putra vyAkaraNam / svajanaH zvajano mA bhUt sakalaM zakalaM sakRt zakRt // sAdhuzabdajJAnaM binA, varNoccAraNajJAnamantareNa ca sakArazakArayorbhedo na jJAyeta / evaM sati ' sakRd bhuGkte ekavAraM bhuGkte, ityarthakaM vAkyaM zakRd bhuGkta' malaM bhuGkte, ityarthakaM syAt / evameva svajana: ( svakIyo janaH ) zvajanaH ( kukkuravargaH ) bhaviSyati, sakalaM ( samagram ) ca zakalam (ardhAMzaH) / vyAkaraNasya vedAGgatvam - vedAnAM sAdhu jJAnArthaM SaNNAM vedAGgAnAM jJAnam anivAryam / SaD vedAGgAni nirdizyante-- zikSA kalpo vyAkaraNaM niruktaM chandasAM cayaH / jyotiSAmayanaM caiva vedAGgAni SaDeva tu // pratyekasya vedAGgasyopayogitAm Azritya vedasya zarIrAvayavarUpeNa tasya uccAvacaM mahattvaM pradarzayatA procyate chandaH pAdau tu vedasya hastau kalpo'tha paThyate / jyotiSAmayanaM cakSuniruktaM zrotramucyate // zikSA ghrANaM tu vedasya mukhaM vyAkaraNaM smRtam / tasmAt sAGgamadhItyaiva brahmaloke mahIyate // ( pA0 zikSA 41-42 ) atra 'mukhaM vyAkaraNaM smRtam' iti udghoSayatA zikSAkAreNa SaDaGgeSu vyAkaraNasya mukhyatvaM pratipAdyate / maharSiNA pataJjalinA'pi etadeva vyAdizyate'pradhAnaM ca SaDaGgeSu vyAkaraNam' ( A0 1 ) / vyAkaraNasya mukhatvaM mukhyatvaM ca - vyAkaraNaM vedAGgeSu mukhatvena urarIkriyate / zabdAdhInaM jagat zabdazca mukhenoccAraNIyaH, ataH tatsAdhanatvena vyAkaraNamapi zabdabrahmaNo mukharUpam asti / yathA mukhaM saundaryArthakaM tathaiva vyAkaraNamapi bhASAyAH sAdhutvapratipAdanena saundaryAdhAyakam, mukhaM bhASaNa - sAdhanaM tathaiva vyAkaraNamapi pariSkRtazabdaprayogasAdhanam / vyAkaraNameva zabdaprakAzanena svamanogatabhAvAvirbhAvakam antarnihitavicAraprasArakaM jJAnajyoti - zcAsti / yathA zarIrAvayaveSu mukhasyotkRSTatvaM na kenApyAkSipyate, tathaiva bhASAtattvavivecanena zabdajJAnamUlakatvena zabdazAstrAvagAhanena vAkyatattvavivecanena zabdabrahmasvarUpa-prakAzanena vyAkaraNasya zAstreSu sarvotkRSTatvaM na kenApi vyAkSeptuM pAryate /

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10 / saMskRtanibandhazatakam samagrasyApi jJAnasya zabdavivecanamUlatvAt tatsAdhanatvAcca vyAkaraNasya mukhyatvaM nirvivAdam-'avaiyAkaraNastvandha eva' iti vacanamapi na saMzayalezam Avahati / vyAkaraNamantareNa zabdatattvajJAnAbhAvena mAnavasyAndhatvam Apadyate / ato vyAkaraNasya sarvazAstreSu mukhyatvaM jJAyate / vyAkaraNasyAnivAryatvam-svara-varNoccAraNajJAnamantareNa zabdasya arthabodhanasthAne anarthabodhakatvaM syAt / vedeSu vizeSataH svarajJAnasya zuddhaprayogasya ca nitarAM mahattvaM pratipAdyate / svarasya anyathA uccAraNena 'indrazatrurvardhasva' iti vRtrAsuravijayAthaM paThito'pi mantraH tatpuruSe'ntodAtte prayoktavye indraH zatruH nAzayitA asya, iti bahuvrIhau AdhudAtte prayukte indra eva vRtrasya saMhartA samabhavat / evam indravijayasya sthAne vRtravadha eva saMvRttaH / azuddhoccAraNasya asAdhuzabdaprayogasya ca eSa eva duHkhado duSpariNAmo jAyate / uktaM ca mantro hInaH svarato varNato vA, mithyAprayukto na tmrthmaah| sa vAgvajro yajamAnaM hinasti, yathendrazatruH svarato'parAdhAt // (mahA0 1) etena sAdhuzabdajJAnArthaM zuddhazabdaprayogArthaM ca vyAkaraNajJAnam anivAryam / vyAkaraNazAstrasya vizAlatvam-purA vyAkaraNasya tAdRzaM mahattvam AsId yad vyAkaraNam aSTaprabhedaM prathitam AsIt / tadyathA brAhmamaizAnamaindraM ca prAjApatyaM bRhaspatim / tvASTramApizalaM ceti pANinIyamathASTamam // (haima-bRhadvRttyavacUrNi) pANini-pUrvavartinAM 85 * vaiyAkaraNAnAm ullekhaH prApyate / pANininA svIye vyAkaraNe gArya-zAkaTAyana-sphoTAyanAdInAM dazAcAryANAm ullekho vihitH| pANini-paravartiSu vaiyAkaraNeSu kAtyAyana-pataJjali-vAmana-bhartRharikaiyaTa-bhaTrojidIkSita-nAgeza-varadarAjAdInAM vaiyAkaraNAnAM vyAkaraNaviSaye viziSTaM yogadAnaM vartate / ___ vyAkaraNasya paramapAvanatvam-'yanmanasA dhyAyati tad vAcA vadati, yad vAcA vadati tat karmaNA karoti, yat karmaNA karoti tadabhisaMpadyate' iti siddhAntamAzritya mAnavajIvanazuddhayarthaM bhAvazuddhiH zabdazaddhizca nitarAm AvazyakI / zabdazuddhizca vyAkaraNenaiva saMbhAvyate / ataeva vyAkaraNasya paramapAvanatvam aGgIkriyate / etad-bhAvAtmakamevaitad ucyate teSAM hi sAmaya'juSAM pavitraM maharSayo vyAkaraNaM niraahH| vyAkaraNaM na kevalaM bhAvazuddhisAdhanameva, api tu zabdabrahmazodhakaM zabda1. vivaraNArthaM draSTavyam-lekhakakRtaM saMskRta-vyAkaraNam, bhUmikA, pRSTha 14-44 /

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mukhaM vyAkaraNaM smRtam 11 brahmAvAptisAdhanaM ca vartate / ataeva Rgvede varNyate yad yo vAktattvaM sarvathA pazyati, vAktattvamapi tasmai svIyaM rUpaM prakaTayati uta tvaH pazyan na dadarza vAcam uta tvaH zRNvanna zRNotyenAm / uto tvasmai tanvaM visastre jAyeva patya uzatI suvAsAH // ( Rg0 10-71-4 ) ataeva bhagavatA bhartRhariNA zabdasaMskAraH zabdabrahmaprAptisAdhanatvena nirUpyate tasmAd yaH zabdasaMskAraH sA siddhiH paramAtmanaH / tasya pravRttitattvajJastad brahmAmRtamaznute // ( vAkya0 1-133 ) vAkyapadIye zabda tattvasya mahattvaM pratipAdayatA tenocyate yat zabda eva vizvasyAsya nibandhanaM saMyojakazcAsti / zabda eva netrarUpaH san jagadidaM dyotayati ca zabdeSvevAzritA zaktivizvasyAsya nibandhanI / yannetraH pratibhAMtmA'yaM bhedarUpaH pratIyate // ( vAkya 0 1 - 119 ) zabdasya jJAnAzrayatvena zabdajJAnayoH parasparAnvayitvaM nirNIyate / ukta na so'sti pratyayo loke yaH zabdAnugamAd Rte / anuviddhamiva jJAnaM sarvaM zabdena bhAsate / ( vAkya 0 1 - 124) vyAkaraNasya paramavaiduSyAdhAyakatvam -- na kevalaM tattvajJaireva vyAkaraNaM prazasyate, api tu vividhazAstrapAradRzvabhirvidvattallajairapi idam abhinandyate / kAvyazAstratattvajJamUrdhanyaH kAvyaprakAzakAro mammaTo vaiyAkaraNAnAM tattvajJatAM pratipAdayan abhidhatte budhairvaiyAkaraNaiH pradhAnabhUtasphoTa - vyaGgyavyaJjakasya zabdasya dhva nariti vyavahAraH kRtaH / ( kAvyaprakAza, ucchvAsa 1 ) vaiyAkaraNaiH zabdabrahmarUpa-vyaGgya-sphoTa- vyaJjakasya dhvaniriti nAma vyavahriyate / dhvanireva kAvyajJAnAM sarvasvam / ataeva AnandavardhanAcAryAdibhiH dhvanikAvyasyotkRSTatvaM samarthyate pratipAdyate ca / vividhA dArzanikAH, bhASAzAstrajJAH, anye ca sUrayo vyAkaraNazAstrasya mahattvam udghoSayanti tajjJAnaM cAnivAryatvena pratipAdayanti / ata etad vacanaM na vipratipattilezamapyAvahati yad - avaiyAkaraNastvandha eva / ,

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4. upaniSadAM mahattvam ( sarvopaniSado gAvaH ) upaniSad - zabdArtha:- - upa-ni-upasargapUrvakAt visaraNa - gatyavasAdanArthakAt Sad (sad ) dhAtoH kvipi upaniSat-zabdo niSpadyate / upa-samIpe ni-nizcayena, sad-sthAnam iti, tattvajJAnArthaM guroH samIpe savinayaM sthitiH upaniSad ityucyate / tattvajJAna pratipAdanAd etadviSayakA granthA api upaniSada ityucyante / upaniSad-zabdArtho brahmavidyetyapi gRhyate / saddhAto: arthatrayam Azritya upaniSacchabdArtho nirUpyate yad yA saMsArabIjabhUtAm avidyAM nAzayati, yayA brahmaprAptiH brahmajJAnaM vA bhavati, yayA ca mAnava-duHkhAvasAdo bhavati sA upaniSaditi / ataeva zrIzaMkarAcAryaH avidyAnAzanaM duHkhanirodhaM brahmaprAptiM ca, ityarthatrayam Azritya upaniSadzabdaM brahmavidyAdyotakatvena svIkaroti / gauNyA vRttyA ca brahmavidyApratipAdakA granthA api upaniSa cchabdavAcyAH / upaniSadAM saMkhyA - yadyapi upaniSadAM saMkhyA zatadvayaparyantaM manyate, tathApi tatra ekAdazopaniSada eva mukhyatvena manyante / tadyathA -- Iza - kena - kaThaprazna- muNDaka-mANDUkya-taittirIya - aitareya - chAndogya - bRhadAraNyaka - zvetAzvatarAH / zrIzaMkarAcAryo'pi etAsAmeva bhASyamakarot / pratyekA upaniSat kenApi vedena saMbaddhA vartate / viSayAnusAram 108 upaniSadAM SaTsu bhAgeSu vibhAjanaM kriyate / ( vedAntaviSayasaMbaddhAH-24, ( 2 ) yogasiddhAntasaMbaddhA: - 20, (3) sAMkhyasiddhAntasaMbaddhA: - 17, ( 4 ) vaiSNavasiddhAntasaMbaddhA: - 14, ( 5 ) zaivasiddhAntasaMbaddhA:15, ( 6 ) zAktasiddhAntasaMbaddhAH - 18 / upaniSadAM mahattvam -- upaniSadAM mahattvaM na kevalaM bhAratIyaiH, apitu pAzcAttyairapi manISibhirnivivAdam urarIkriyate / upaniSado hi bhavAbdhisaMtArikAH, Adhi-vyAdhi-saMtapta mAnasa-saMtapikAH, mAyAmoha - nibaddha-jIvAdhivinAzana-hetavaH, tAttvika jJAna - prabhA-saMtAnena mAnavAntaHkaraNa- pradIpikAH, sukhazAntisAdhikAH, abhyudaya - niHzreyasAvAptihetavazca santi / adhyAtmamImAMsAyA dedIpyamAna ratnabhUtA imAH / sarveSvapi bhAratIyeSu darzaneSu AsAM prabhAvaH sphuTamavalokyate / sarvairapi manISibhiH, dharmapravartakaiH, tattvajJaH, AcArazikSakaiH, dharmazAstrakAraizca upaniSadAM mahattvaM svIyadRSTyA svokriyate / bhArata sarvasvabhUtA imA upaniSado na kevalaM svaprabhayA bhAratameva vidyotayanti, apitu sakalamapi bhuvanaM taraNivadAbhayA bhAsayanti / bhAratIya saMskRtau adhyAtmatattvasya samanvayasya zreyaH upaniSadAmeva /

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upaniSadAM mahattvam etA hi duHkhAdhivyAdhi-vizIrNa-jagad-duHkhanivRttyai, pApavimuktaye, AnandAvAptaye, nirvANaprAptaye ca rAjamArgaM pradarzayanti / jarAdhivyAdhi-poDito mAnavaH svAbhISTa-lakSya-prAptaye upaniSadAmeva zaraNaM kAmayate / ataeva upaniSadAM deze videze ca zatamukhaM stutiH saMzrUyate / upaniSatsu adhyAtmam - upaniSado hi adhyAtmavidyAyAH srotaH svarUpaH / etadudbhUtA nAnAnirjhariNyo nAnAzAstra - dharmazAstra - AcArazAstra nItizAstrAdi rUpeNa sakalamapi bhuvanaM bhAgIrathIpravAha iva pAvayanti / adhyAtmapradhAnAyAM prasthAnatrayyAm upaniSado mUrdhanyabhUtAH / prasthAnatrayyAm anyad dvayaM grantharatnaM gItA brahmasUtraM ceti parigaNyate / vastuto gItA brahmasUtraM ceti dvayamapi upaniSadAzrayameva / evaM prasthAnatrayyAm upaniSada eva paramapramANatvena saMgrAhyAH / 13 muNDakopaniSadi vedAdInAM gaNanA aparAvidyAyAM vartate, upaniSadAM parAvidyAyAm / aparA vidyA laukikaviSayapradhAnA, parA ca brahmajJAnapradhAnA / ataevocyate tatrAparA Rgvedo yajurvedaH, atha parA yayA tadakSaramadhigamyate / ( muNDaka0 1-1-5 ) upaniSadAM mahattvamavadhAryaiva 17 tama zatAbdyAM dArAzikoho nAma rAjakumAraH 50 upaniSadAM pArasIkabhASAyAm anuvAdaM vidadhe / tanmUlakameva AMke tvela dUperAMnAmaka phreMca viduSA vihitaM leTina bhASAnuvAdam AdhItya zarma'NyadezIyo vidvAn prasiddhadArzanikaH zopenahAvara upaniSadAM guNAnuvAdaM kurvannAha - etA upaniSado mama jIvanasya zAntisAdhikAH, maraNAntaraM cApi zAntisAdhikA bhaviSyanti / It has been the solace of my life and will be the solace of my death, upaniSadAM viSayAH - upaniSadastu bhAratIya tattvajJAnAM sAttvikacintanasya prAyazaH sakalo'pi saMgrahaH samupasthApyate / upaniSatsu mukhyatvena varNitA viSayAH samAsataH santiH -- kiM brahma, ka IzvaraH, jIvAtmanaH kiM svarUpam, jIvAtmanaH kiM lakSyam, jIvo brahmaNo bhinno'bhinno vA, kathaM ca bhinnatvam abhinnatvaM vA, sRSTeH mUlarUpaM kim, kathaM jagataH prAdurbhAvaH, kathaM jagataH pralayaH, adhyAtmajJAnasya AvazyakatA, adhyAtmena kiM sAdhyate, adhyAtmena ca kathaM mokSAvAptiH, kAni ca mokSasya sAdhanAni, nivRttimArgasya kAvazyakatA, jJAnamArgeNa kiM sAdhyate, brahmasAkSAtkArasya ke lAbhAH, ityAdayaH / upaniSadAM mahattvabodhakAH kecana viSayA atra samAsata upasthApyante / vinazvare jagati ekaM sat avinazvaraM ca vastu brahmaiva, tadeva jIvane'nveSitavyam /

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam asthUlamanaNvahrasvamadIrgham-arasamagandham-asminnu khalvakSare gAryAkAza otazca protazca |-bRhdaarnnyk0 3-8-8 / / tasya brahmaNaH sattayaiva vAkcakSurmana AdikaM svakarma katu prabhavanti / yanmanasA na manute yenAhurmano matam / tadeva brahma tvaM viddhi nedaM ydidmupaaste| (kena 1-5) jIvane'smin yadi brahmajJAnaM na syAt tahi jIvanaM niSphalameva / tattvajJAnena brahmadarzanena ca jIvo muktiM labhate iha cedavedIdatha satyamasti na cedihAvedInmahatI vinssttiH| bhUteSu bhUteSu vicintya dhIrAH pretyAsmAllokAdamRtA bhavanti // (kena 2-5 ) kaThopaniSadi brahmaprAptaH sAdha sAdhanaM varNyate / rUpakam AzrityAbhidhIyate yat-zarIre'smin AtmA rathI, zarIraM rathaH, buddhiH sArathiH, manaH pragrahaH, indriyANi hayAH, saMyamenendriyAzvAn vaze kRtvA rathinam AtmAnaM prekSeta AtmAnaM rathinaM viddhi zarIraM rathameva tu| buddhi tu sArathiM viddhi manaH pragrahameva ca // indriyANi hayAnyAhuviSayAMsteSu gocarAn / AtmendriyamanoyuktaM bhoktetyAhurmanISiNaH // kaTha0 1-3-3-4 brahmaNo'nirvacanIyatvam Azrityaiva upaniSatsu neti neti procyate / brahmasAkSAtkAra evaM upaniSadAM caramaM lakSyam / brahmasAkSAtkAreNaiva sarvapApanirodho mokSAvAptizca tameva viditvAtimRtyumeti, nAnyaH panthA vidyate'yanAya / zvetAzva0 3-8 ___ upaniSatsu vedAbhimataH traitavAdo'pi prastUyate / tatraika IzvaraH abhoktA sAkSirUpazca, dvitIyo jIvaH karmaphalabhoktA, tRtIyA prakRtizca acetanA / dRSTAntarUpeNa prakRtiH vRkSaH, jovezvarau ca tatrasthau pkssinnau| dvA suparNA sayujA sakhAyA samAnaM vRkSaM prisssvjaate| tayoranyaH pippalaM svAdadvattyanaznannanyo'bhicAkazIti // zvetA0 4-6 vedAntapratipAditasya 'tattvamasi' iti mahAvAkyasya mUlaM chAndogyopaniSadi prApyate tat satyaM sa AtmA tattvamasi shvetketo| chAndogya0 6-6-12-3 bhagavadgItAyAM mukhyataH pratipAditasya niSkAmakarmayogasya mUlam IzopaniSadi prApyate kurvanneveha karmANi jijIviSecchataM smaaH| evaM tvayi nAnyatheto'sti na karma lipyate nre|| Iza0 2 vizvabandhutvasyopadeza IzopaniSadi upalabhyate

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upaniSadAM mahattvama yastu sarvANi bhUtAnyAtmanyevAnupazyati / sarvabhUteSu cAtmAnaM tato na vijugupsate // Iza0 6 jJAnakarmamArgayoH samanvayenaiva sukhasAdhanatvaM sidhyati avidyayA mRtyuM to vidyyaa'mRtmshnute| Iza0 11 upaniSatsu vedAnAM sArabhAgaH saralayAvyabhiktyA praznottararUpeNa AkhyA- . yikAsamanvayena ca rucirAM zailIm Azritya prtipaadyte| upaniSada etAH jIvane zAntipradAyikAH, AdhivyAdhinirodhikAH manasaH zAntidAH, Atmanazca prasAdikAH, avidyAndhatamasavinAzanAt jJAnaprabhAprasArikAH, sarvazAstramUrdhanyatvena samAhatAzca santIti etAsAM mahattvam akSuNNaM nirvivAdaM ca /

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.. 5. gItA sugotA kartavyA (dugdhaM gItAmRtaM mahat ) gItAyA mahattvam-kasya na viditaM vipazcito bhagavadgItAyA guNa* gauravam / gIteyaM na kevalaM prastavIti sarvAsAmapi upaniSadAM sArabhAgam, api tu zrutisAramapi prastautitarAm / sAMkhya-yogadarzanayoH siddhAntAnAM vaizayena vivecanAt pratipAdanAcca darzanasArasaMgraho'pyatra upalabhyate / vedAntadarzanapratipAditasya 'tattvamasi' iti mahAvAkyasyApi atropalambhAd vedAntAvagAhitvamapyasya lakSyate / seyaM saralayA bhAvAbhivyakti-prakriyayA, bhUyiSThAyA'rthagabhIratayA, preSThayA paddhatyA, zreSThayA vivRtisaraNyA, sAdhiSThayA yogasAdhanAdIkSayA, variSThayA Atmavizuddhi-zikSayA sarvasyApi lokasya Atim anubhavati / dugdhaM gItAmRtam-gItAyAm asyAM sarvAsAmapi upaniSadAM sAraH manojJayA paddhatyA sAdhutaraM vivicyate / upaniSatsu ye bhAvAH kevalaM dArzanikapaddhatyA nIrasazailyA ca samabhihitAH santi, te eva bhAvAH sAdhiSThayA bhAvaprakAzanazailyA vizadaM samAsatazca prastUyante / gItA na kevalam upaniSAdameva api tu samagrasyApi pUrvavartino vAGmayasya sAram upasthApayati / ata eva gItA lokapriyA vizvapriyA cAbhavat / uktaM ca sarvopaniSado gAvo dogdhA gopaalgndnH| pArtho vatsaH sudhIrbhoktA dugdhaM gItAmRtaM mahat // gItAyAH sarvaviSayAvagAhitvena, jJAna-vijJAnasamanvayAt, adhyAtmavidyAcaramotkarSeNa, jagato vinazvaratA-pratipAdanena, sAdhanApaddhateH vivRtyA, AcAravicAra-zikSayA, kartavyAkartavya-prabodhanena, niSkAma-karma-dIkSayA, anAsaktiyoga-zikSayA ceyaM sameSAmapi vipazcitAM hRdyA apacitibhAka ca sNjaataa| __ 'asyA bhASAzailI tAdRzI manoramA, prasAdaguNopetA, mAdhuryAvagAhinI ca yat svalpa-zikSA-prabuddho'pi mAnavo'syA: sAmAnyamartham avagantaM pArayati / ataeva 'gItA sugItA kartavyA kimanyaiH zAstravistaraiH' iti vacane na saMzItilezo'pi / gItAyA viSayapratipAdanam-kecana dArzanikA bhAvA ye darzanAnAM sArabhUtA AdarzarUpAzca santi te tathA rucirayA bhASayA'bhihitAH santi, yathA sarvajana-grAhyatvaM bhajante / yathA-AtmanaH ajaratvam amaratvam avinAzitvaM ca yad darzanAnAM sAramasti tat kathamiva hRdyarUpeNa mAdhuryeNa ca prastUyate ajo nityaH zAzvato'yaM purANo na hanyate hanyamAne zarIre // (gItA 2-20) . AtmanaH avadhyatvaM zAzvatatvaM copadizatA procyate

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gItA sugItA kartavyA nainaM chindanti zastrANi nainaM dahati paavkH| ma cainaM kledayantyApo na zoSayati maarutH|| (gItA 2-23) mRtyunA zarIranAzo na tvAtmavinAzaH anyajanmadhAraNaM jIrNavastraparivartanena nava-vastra-dhAraNamiva vijJeyam / tadyathA vAsAMsi jIrNAni yathA vihAya, navAni gRhNAti naro'parANi / tathA zarIrANi vihAya jIrNAnyanyAni saMyAti navAni dehI // (2-22} sAMkhyAbhimataH satkAryavAdaH zlokadvayena saadhuupsthaapyte| nAsato vidyate bhAvo nAbhAvo vidyate stH| (2-16 ) avyaktAdIni bhUtAni vyaktamadhyAni bhArata / avyaktanidhanAnyeva tatra kA parivedanA // (gItA 2-28) svakartavyapAlanaM mAnavasya paramaM kartavyam / kartavyapAlanenaiva jIvanasya sAphalyaM siddhalAbhazca tadyathA sve sve karmaNyabhirataH saMsiddhi labhate nrH|| (18-45 ) kItirakSA mAnavasya mukhya lakSyam / ayazodUSitasya narasya jIvanena alam / yazo hi paramaM bhUSaNam / saMbhAvitasya cAkotirmaraNAdatiricyate // (2-34) karmaphalasya avazyaMbhAvitvam upapAdayatA sAdhu nirUpyate yat nahi karmanAzaH na ca karmaphale pratyavAyaH / svalpamapi sukRtaM mahadbhayavinAzakam iti / nehAbhikamanAzo'sti pratyavAyo na vidyate / svalpamapyasya dharmasya trAyate mahato bhayAt // ( 2-40 ) anAsaktabhAvenaiva kAryakaraNaM gItAyAH paramopadezaH / taducyatekarmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kdaacn| mA karmaphalaheturbhUrmA te saGgo'stvakarmaNi // (2-47 ) anAsaktibhAvanayA kriyamANaM karma na bandhanahetuH, na ca viSayopalepasAdhanam, api tu duHkha-pApa-vinAzanatvAd yogarUpaM sat trividhatApApahaM saMjAyate / ucyate ca . buddhiyukto jahAtIha ubhe sukRtdusskRte| __tasmAd yogAya yujyasva yogaH karmasu kauzalam // (2-50) viSayAsakteH purudarkatvaM duSpariNAmitvaM ca kathamiva manovaijJAnikyA zailyA pratipAdyate yad dhyAyato viSayAn puMsaH snggstessuupjaayte| saMgAt saMjAyate kAmaH kAmAt krodho'bhijAyate // krodhAd bhavati saMmohaH saMmohAt smRtivibhrmH| smRtibhraMzAd buddhinAzo buddhinAzAt praNazyati // (2-62, 63)

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam indriyasaMyamaH sAphalyasya sAdhanamiti na kenApi vyapadeSTuM pAryate / ataevocyate yat saMyamina eva prajJA pratiSThitA bhavati / tasmAd yasya mahAbAho nigahItAni srvshH| indriyANIndriyArthebhyastasya prajJA pratiSThitA // ( 2-68) kartavyasya karmaNaH anivAryatvam upapAdayatA upasthApyate yat kartavyAnuSThAnam antareNa lokayAtrA'pi na pravarteta / niyataM kuru karma tvaM karma jyAyo hykrmnnH| zarIrayAtrApi ca te na prsidhyedkrmnnH|| ( 3-8) yajJasya mahattvam upavarNayatA tasya sarvAbhISTapradatvam upapAdyatedevAn bhAvayatAnena te devA bhAvayantu vH| parasparaM bhAvayantaH zreyaH paramavApsyatha // ( 3-11) tasmAt sarvagataM brahma nityaM yajJe pratiSThitam // ( 3-11) AtmasamarpaNasya AtmaprAptisAdhakatvaM pratipAdyatebrahmANaM brahma havibrahmAgnau brahmaNA hatama / brahmaiva tena gantavyaM brahmakarmasamAdhinA // ( gItA 4-24) jJAnasya paramapAvanatvaM sarvakarmanAzakatvaM sarvaduHkhanivArakatvaM ca pratipAdyate jJAnAgniH sarvakarmANi bhasmasAt kurute tathA // ( 4-37 ) nahi jJAnena sadRzaM pavitramiha vidyate / ( 4-38 ) jIvane zraddhAyAH kiM mahattvaM kiM ca tadupayogitvamiti nirUpayatA procyate zraddhAvAMllabhate jJAnaM tatparaH sNytendriyH| jJAnaM labdhvA parAM zAntimacireNAdhigacchati // ( 4-39 ) yuktAhAravihAra eva yogasAdhane sakSamaH / tAdRzasyaiva AtyantikI duHkhaprahANiH saMjAyate yuktAhAravihArasya yuktaceSTasya karmas / yukyasvapnAvabodhasya yogo bhavati duHkhahA // ( 6-17 ) abhyAsAd jJAnam, jJAnAd dhyAnam, dhyAnAt karmaphalatyAgo viziSyate / karmaphalatyAgaH zAnteH pramukhaM sopAnam / zreyo hi jJAnamabhyAsAjjJAnAd dhyAnaM viziSyate / dhyAnAt karmaphalatyAgastyAgAchAntiranantaram // ( 12-12) UrdhvamUlasyAzvatthasya varNanaM darzanasArasaMgraham upalakSayati / ' UrdhvamUlamadhaHzAkhamazvatyaM prAhuravyayam / / chandAMsi yasya parNAmi yastaM veda sa vedavit // (15-1)

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gItA sugItA kartavyA daivIsampada AsurIsampadazca varNanam AcArazAstraM mAnavajIvanasya kartavyAkartadhyaM ca prastautitarAm / ahiMsAdiguNagaNasaMpRktA daivI sampad vimokSAya, hiMsA-mithyAbhASaNAdidurguNa-tati-niratA AMsurI sampad bandhanAya vinAzAya ca pravartete, nAtra saMzItiH / daivI saMpad vimokSAya nibandhAyasurI matA // (16-5 ) zraddhAyA manovaijJAnika rUpam upasthApayatA procyate yat puruSo'yaM zraddhAmayaH / yAdRzI mAnavasya zraddhA tAdRzaH so'vagantavyaH / ___ zraddhAmayo'yaM puruSo yo yacchraddhaH sa eva sH|| (17-3) jIvane sarva-karma-parityAge'pi yajJa-dAna-tapasAm aparihAryatvam avazyakartavyatvaM ca gRhamedhinAM yatInAM ca kRte nirUpyate / jIvanasya pAvanatvaM trayANAmapyeSAM phalam / 'yajJadAnatapaHkarma na tyAjyaM kAryameva tat / yajJo dAnaM tapazca va pAvanAni manISiNAm // (18-5) svadharmAnuziSTaM karma kathamapi na pariheyam / svadharme nidhanamapi zreyovaham / zreyAn svadharmo viguNaH paradharmAt svanuSThitAt / svadharme nidhanaM zreyaH paradharmo bhayAvahaH // (3-35 ) sahajaM karma kaunteya sadoSamapi na tyajet / ( 18-48) evamiha gItA-pratipAditAnAM keSAMcid rAddhAntAnAM samAsato'tra varNanam upasthApitam / etasyAvalokanena nizcapracam etat sidhyati yad gItAyAM sarveSAM darzanAnAm upaniSadAM ca sAraH prastUyate / yadi kevalaM gItakA eva adhIyate, vivicyate, cintyate, laukikajIvane vyavahriyate ca tarhi mAnavajIvanaM sarvathA sukha-zAnti-samanvitaM sadudakaM ca bhaviSyati / ataH sAdhUcyate gItA sugItA kartavyA kimanyaiH shaastrvistraiH| yA svayaM padmanAbhasya mukhapadmAd viniHsRtA //

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6. ramyA rAmAyaNI kathA ( 1. AdikavirvAlmIkiH, 2. vande vAlmIkikokilam ) vAlmIkerAdikavitvam-iha suvipule vAGmaye mahAkavervAlmIke ma viyati taraNiriva vidyotatetamAm / kavirayaM vaidikavAGmayAnantaraM sarasalaukikakAvyopajJo rasabhAvaniSNAto dharmArthakAmamokSAtmakacaturvargopadeSTA jIvanonnAyaka AdarzasaMsthApako dharmakAmaH mRdulasarasapadaparipUto mAdhurya-mRdvIkA-rasamanoharaH prasAdAcchacchAyAsamalaMkRtaH kasya na sacetasaH cetaH AhlAdayati / vAlmIkipUrvavati samagramapi vAGmayaM dharmapravaNatvAd dhArmikam AdhyAtmikaM cAbhavat / vAlmIkireva tAdRzaH pragatizIlo lokabhAvAbhijJaH sarasabhAvAnuviddho mAnavamanovijJAna-vidagdhaH kavirAsId yo rAmacaritam Azritya laukikabhAvamayaM rasa-bhAva-bhASAlaMkArAlaMkRtaM sarvajanagrAhyaM mahAkAvyaM praNinAya / ataevAyam 'AdikaviH' ityupAdhinA vibhUSyate / rAmAyaNe'pyetat tathyaM kavinA ullikhyate AdikAvyamidaM cArSa purA vAlmIkinA kRtam / uttararAmacarite'pyetat tathyaM pratipAdyate / RSe, AdyaH kavirasi / AmnAyAdanyatra ntnshchndsaamvtaarH| ( aMka 2) rAmAyaNasyAvirbhAvaH-puNyasalilAyAstamasAyAstaTe krauJcavadhamavalokya tasya mahAkaveH sahasA kAruNyapUrNA tejomayI vAk prAsphurat mA niSAda pratiSThAM tvamagamaH zAzvatIH smaaH| yat krauJcamithunAdekamavadhIH kAmamohitam // -rAmAyaNa 1-2-15 tatkAlAdArabhya bhAratIyavAGmaye laukikabhAvopetAM rAmakathAmUlA rAmAyaNasarit prsRtaa| etadevAnusRtya mahAkaviH kAlidAsaH sItAparityAgaprasaGge avocataniSAdaviddhANDajadarzanotthaH, zlokatvamApadyata yasya shokH|-rghu0 14-70 dhvanyAlokakRd AnandavardhanAcAryo'pi vAlmIkimevaM stauti / kAvyasyAtmA sa evArthastathA cAdikaveH puraa| krauJcadvandvaviyogotthaH zokaH shloktvmaagtH|| -dhvanyAloka 1-5 rAmAyaNasya mahattvam--mahAkAvyamidaM rAmAyaNaM viziSTenodAttatvena, bhASAyA mAdhuryojaHprasAdaguNa-samanvitatvena, racanAzailyAH prAJjalatayA, bhAvAnAM manohAriNyA vivRtyA, sarveSAM rasAnAM yathAsthAnam upanyAsAt, bhAratIyAyAH saMskRtevizadaM vivaraNAt, tAtkAlikasabhyatAyAH suspaSTa citraNena, AcArasaMhitAyAH saMkalanena, nItizikSAyAH saMgraheNa, Ayurveda-dhanurveda-gAndharvavedAdInAM yathAyatham upayogAt, gAmbhIryeNa, arthagauraveNa, lalitapadapaddhatyA, mArmikabhAvAbhivyaJjanena, alaMkArANAM suniyojanena, chandasAM saMgItAtmakatvena ca

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ramyA rAmAyaNI kathA vizAle'smin kAvyAkAze cakAstitamAm / ataeva bhUyobhUyo mahAkAvyamidaM saMstUyate prazasyate abhivandyate ca vidvaddhaureyaividagdhaiH / anargharAghave kavirmurAri:-aho, sakalakavisArtha-sAdhAraNI khalviyaM vAlmIkIyA subhASitanIvI ( prastAvanA ), iti vAlmIki prazaMsati / zrIbhojarAjo rAmAyaNacampUgranthe taM madhuraracanApracAracaturaM kavInAM mArgadarzakaM ceti manyate madhumayabhaNitInAM mArgadarzI mhrssiH|| rAmAyaNacampU 1-8 mahAkAvyamidaM paravartinAM kAvyAnAM nATakAnAM copajIvyatvena saMstUyate / bAlmIkermataM yad rAmacaritam anAzritya na kAvyAnAM yazobhAktvaM prasidhyati / uktaM ca rAmAyaNena hyanyo'rhati kAvyAnAM yazobhAg rAghavAd Rte| rAmAyaNa, uttara0 98-18 rAmAyaNasyopajIvyatvam-mahAkAvyametadAzritya pravRttAni kAnicit kAvyAni nATakAni ca diGmAtramiha udAhriyante / ( 1 ) bhAsakRtam-pratimAnATakam, (2) kAlidAsakRtam-raghuvaMzamahAkAvyam, ( 3 ) diGnAgakRtA-kundamAlA, (4) bhaTTikRtam-bhaTTikAvyam, (5) bhavabhUtikRtam-mahAvIracaritam, uttararAmacaritaM ca, (6) murArikRtaH-anargharAghavaH (7) kSemendrakRtA-rAmAyaNamaJjarI, (8) bhojarAjakRtaH-rAmAyaNacampUH / rAmAyaNasya lokapriyatA-rAmAyaNasya tAdRzI lokapriyatA yathA na kevalametad viduSAmeva vibhUSaNam, api tu sAmAnyarUpeNa sarvajanAnAM dhaninAMnirdhanAnAm, vidagdhAnAm-ajJAnAm, puruSANAM-strINAm, AbAlavRddhaM kaNThAbharaNatAm Apadyate / AcArasaMhitArUpeNedaM sarvatra Adriyate, bhaktAnAM bhavaneSu ca pratidinaM pArAyaNIkriyate / ataH satyamucyate bhagavatA vAlmIkinA yad yAvad sthAsyanti girayaH saritazca mhiitle| tAvad rAmAyaNakathA lokeSu pracariSyati // rAmAyaNa bAlakANDa 2-36 rAmAyaNametad navarasarucirA kRtiH / atra yathAsthAnaM sarveSAmapi rasAnAm abhivyaktiravalokyate / tatrApi vipralambhazRMgArasya karuNarasasya cAbhivyaktI caramotkarSatvaM lakSyate / uktaM ca haasy-shRnggaar-kaarunny-raudr-viir-bhyaankaiH| bIbhatsAdbhuta-saMyuktaM kAvyametadagAyatAm // rA0 bAla0 4-9 vAlmIkiH kAvyakAnane rAma-rAmeti madhuraM kUjan kalaravaruciraH kokilA iti saMsmaryate sUribhiH kUjantaM rAmarAmeti madhuraM madhurAkSaram / Aruhya kavitAzAkhAM vande vAlmIki-kokilam //

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam rAmAyaNasya mahattvaM bRhaddharmapurANa-skandapurANAdiSu jegIyate / tadyathA paTha rAmAyaNaM vyAsa kAvyabIjaM sanAtanam / yatra rAmacaritaM syAt tadahaM tatra zaktimAn // bRhaddharmapurANa rAmAyaNaM nAma paraM tu kAvyaM puNyapradaM vai zRNuta dvijendraaH|| yasmin zrute janmajarAdinAzo bhavatyadoSaH sa naro'cyutaH syAt // skandapurANa rAmAyaNasya viSayAH-rAmAyaNe kvacid darzanAnAm, kvacid AgamAnAm, kvacid upaniSadAm, kvacit smRtInAm, kvacinnItizAstrasya, kvacit vijJAnasya, kvacinmanovijJAnasya, kvacid Ayurveda-dhanurveda-jyotiSa-manovijJAna-tantrAdInAM sAraH tatsaMbaddhA upayogino viSayAzca samupasthApyante / diGmAtramiha kecana zlokA udAhriyante :yasmistu sarve syurasaMniviSTA dharmo yataH syAt tdpkrmet| dveSyo bhavatyarthaparo hi loke kAmAtmatA khalvapi na prazastA / ayodhyA0 21-58 kulInamakulInaM vA vIraM puruSamAninam / / cAritrameva vyAkhyAti ci vA yadi vA'cim // satyamevezvaro loke satye dharmaH sdaashritH| satyamUlAni sarvANi satyAnnAsti paraM padam // anirvedaH zriyo mUlamanirvedaH paraM sukham / anirvedo hi satataM sarvArtheSu pravartakaH // sundarakAMDa sarga 12 nArAjake janapade dhanavantaH surkssitaaH| zerate vivRtadvArAH kRSigorakSa-jIvinaH // ayodhyA0 67-19 ataeveyaM rAmAyaNI gaGgA bhuvanatrayapAvanIti prazasyatevAlmIkigirisaMbhUtA raamaambhonidhi-sNgtaa| zrImadarAmAyaNI gaGgA punAti bhuvanatrayam // trivikramabhaTTo nalacampUkAvye virodhAbhAsamAzritya vAlmIkim abhinandayan Aha sadUSaNApi nirdoSA sakharApi sukomlaa| namastasmai kRtA yena ramyA rAmAyaNI kathA // nalacampU 1-11 .

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7. bhArataM paJcamo veda: ( 1. yadihAsti tadanyatra yannehAsti na tat kvacit, 2. mahatvAd bhAravattvAcca mahAbhAratamucyate ) mahAbhAratasya kartRtvaM vivaraNaM ca - mahAbhAratasya kartRtvaviSaye pracuro vivAdaH / asya parimANaviSaye'pi naikamatyaM viduSAm / mahAbhArate kvacid grantho'yaM jayanAmnA, kvacid bhArata- nAmnA, kvacicca mahAbhArata- nAmnollikhyate / sUkSmekSikayA'valokanena vijJAyate yad mahAbhAratasya pragateH caraNatrayaM vartate / prathame caraNe jayanAmakaM kAvyametat 8800 zlokaparimitaM vyAsakRtaM dharmacarcAm Azritya vaizampAyanAya zrAvitamabhUt / dvitIyacaraNe bhAratanAmakaM mahAkAvyametad vaizampAyanakRtaM 24 sahasrazlokaparimitaM janamejayasya nAgayajJe janamejayAya zrAvitamabhUt / tRtIyacaraNe mahAbhArata - nAmakaM mahAkAvyametat sautikRtam ekalakSazlokaparimitaM naimiSAraNye yajJakAle zaunakAdibhya RSibhyaH zrAvitamabhavat / atra pradhAnataH kaurava - pANDavAnAm itivRttaM vivAdo gItopadezo mahAbhAratayuddhe pANDavAnAM vijayAvAptizca varNyante / asya kartRtvarUpeNa vyAso vedavyAso vA prAdhAnyena prakIrtyate / vyAsasya janmAdiviSaye bahuvidhA kiMvadantI zrUyate / paraM vedAnAM yathAyathaM vibhAjanAd vedavyAsaH samAsato vyAsa iti nAmAntaraM saMgacchate / brahmaNo brAhmaNAnAM ca tathAnugrahakAGkSayA / vivyAsa vedAn yasmAt sa tasmAd vyAsa iti smRtaH // ( mahA0 1-66-88 ) vyAso varSatrayeNa mahAkAvyametat praNinAyeti tadvacanAdeva vijJAyate / tribhirvarSeH sadotthAya kRSNadvaipAyano muniH / mahAbhAratamAkhyAnaM kRtavAnidamuttamam // mahAbhArata 1-56-32 lakSazlokaparimitatvAdeva guptakAlIna zilAlekheSu 'zatasAhasrI saMhitA' iti nAmnA grantho'yaM nirdizyate / atra kathAvibhAgam Azritya 18 parvANi santi / mahAbhAratasya vaiziSTyam - mahAbhAratamidaM na kevalam AkhyAnam apitu samagrasyApi saMskRtavAGmayasya sArabhUtam / sarvalokapriyatvAya nikhilamapi vaidikaM laukikaM ca tathyam, darzanam, zAstrasAram, AkhyAnam, nItizAstram, AcArazAstram, anyaccApi lokopayogi tattvam atra saMgRhya prastUyate / mahAbhAratakRto'vartata mahattvAkAGkSayaM yad dharmArtha-ka -kAma-mokSa-viSayakam akhilamapi jijJAsitaM tathyam atrAvApyeta / na ca kiMcid ucchiSyeta / ataevocyate--

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam dharme cArthe ca kAme ca mokSe ca bharatarSabha / yadihAsti tadanyatra yannehAsti na tat kvacit // mahA0 1-62-53 mahattvAd bhAravattvAcca0-mahAbhAratasya vizAlaM parimANamapi vilokyAsya mahattvaviSaye procyate yad mahanIyo'yaM grantho yathaiva vapuSA vizAlastathaiva bhAvagAmbhIryeNa arthagauraveNa ca / jJAnAgnisamedhitatvAcca etasya mahattvaM na kathaMcidapi apalapituM pAryate / ataeva mahattvametasya udgAyatA procyate mahattvAd bhAravattvAcca mhaabhaartmucyte| bhArataM paJcamo vedaH-vedAnAM dharmapradhAnatvAd yajJAdikarmakANDasamanvitatvAd adhyAtmabhAvapravaNatvAcca na sameSAM priyatvam / ataeva lokAkhyAnasamanvitaM nItidIkSAviziSTaM rAjanItizikSAsaMjuSTam AcArazikSAsaMpuSTaM ca kAminIvacomadhuraM kAvyamidaM vyAsopadiSTama / sarvamanomohanatvAccaitad na kevalaM bhAratavarSe apitu yava-suvarNAdipUrvIyadvIpeSu anyeSu ca vaide zakeSu pradezeSu nitarAM prasiddhi lebhe / etadevoddizya bhAgavate procyate bhAratavyapadezena hyAmnAyArthazca drshitH| dazyate yatra dharmAdi strIzadrAdibhirapyuta // bhAgavata01-4-29 vedacatuSTayyAM dvijAnAmeva viziSTA gatiH dharmatvenAbhirucizca, paraM mahAbhArate sameSAmapi varNAnAM sAmAnyAbhiruciH prItirgatizca / asya pAvanatvam utkRSTatvaM sarvArthasAdhakatvaM ca prekSya 'paJcamo'yaM vedaH' iti vipazcidbhiH sAhlAdama udghoSyate / .., yadihAsti tadanyatra0-samanvayAtmakamidaM mahAkAvyam atra sarvaviSayasaMkalanAt sakalazAstrIyatattvasAragrahaNAd vizvakozatvena gaNanA mahAbhAratasyAsya gauravaM vivRNute / tadAnIntanaH samagro'pi vaidiko laukikazca prathito viSayo mahAbhArate saMlakSyate / mahAbhArate'smin kAvyam, darzanam, adhyAtmam, vaidikaM tattvam, aitihyam, AkhyAnam, nItitattvam, rAjanItisAraH, anyaccApi lokopayuktaM tattvajAtaM sumadhurayA zailyA saMgRhyopasthApyate / ataeva granthakartuH iyam udghoSaNA na vipratipattima Azrayate yada yadihAsti tadanyatra yannehAsti na tat kvacit // ataeva mahAbhAratasya guNagauravaM samIkSya veNIsaMhAre bhaTTanArAyaNo vyAsavacanaM sudhAmadhuramiti saMstavIti zravaNAJjalipuTapeyaM viracitavAn bhAratAkhyamamRtaM yH| tamahamarAgamakRSNaM kRSNadvaipAyanaM vande // veNIsaMhAra 1-4 svaguNagauravAdeva vyAsa: tridevavad Adriyate saMmAnyate ca / uktaM caacaturvadano brahmA dvibAhuraparo hriH| abhAlalocanaH zambhurbhagavAn baadraaynnH||

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bhArataM paJcamo vedaH . 25 mahAbhAratasya vividhaviSayAvagAhi-jJAnam arthagauravaM bhAvagAmbhIyaM ca . pradarzayituM katipayAni subhASitAni diGmAtramatra upsthaapynte| ' ( ka ) dArzanikabhAvopetAni sUktAni navadvAramidaM vezma tristhUNaM paJcasAkSikam / kSetrajJAdhiSThitaM vidvAn yo veda sa paraH kaviH // udyoga0 33-107 aGguSThamAtraH puruSo'ntarAtmA, liGgasya yogena ca yAti nityam / tamIzamIDyamanukalpamAdyaM pazyanti mUDhA na virAjamAnam // udyoga0 46-15 (kha ) nItizikSAviSayakANi subhASitAni / yathAyasmin yathA vartate yo manuSyastasmin tathA vartitavyaM sa dhrmH| mAyAcAro mAyayA vatitavyaH sAdhvAcAraH sAdhunA prtyupeyH|| udyoga0 3-77 vRttaM yatnena saMrakSed vittameti ca yAti ca / akSINo vittataH kSINo vRttatastu hato hataH // udyoga0 36-30 na ca zatruravajJeyo dubalo'pi bliiysaa| alpo'pi dahatyagni-viSamalpaM hinasti ca // zAnti0 57-17 (ga ) arthazAstrIyAH sUktayo yathA dhanamAhaH paraM dharma dhane sarva pratiSThitam / jIvanti dhanino loke mRtA ye tvadhanA nraaH|| udyoga0 71-31 dhanAt kulaM prabhavati dhanAd dharmaH pravardhate / nAdhanasyAstyayaM loko na paraH puruSottama // zAnti08-22 (gha ) rAjanItiviSayakANi sUktAni yathA rAjA prajAnAM prathamaM zarIraM prajAzca rAjJo'pratimaM zarIram / rAjJA vihInA na bhavanti dezA dezaivihInA na nRpA bhavanti // __ zAnti0 67-59 rAjA hi pUjito dharmastataH sarvatra puujyte| ___ yad yadAcarate rAjA tat prajAnAM sma rocate // zAnti0 75-4 evaM vijJAyate yad mahAbhArataM guNagauravAt, sarvaviSayAvagAhitvAt, AcArazikSaNAt, pAvanatvAcca paJcamo veda iti /

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8. purANaM paJcalakSaNam (purANaM dazalakSaNam ) purANAnAM svarUpam-purANAni bhAratIya-saMskRteH purAtanaM svarUpaM prakAzayanti, vedArthaM ca kathA-AkhyAnAdirUpeNa vizadayanti, prAcInam itihAsam ajJAtaM cApi aitihyaM prakAzatAm ApAdayanti / evaM bhAratIyaitihya-jJAnAya, bhAratIya-saMskRteH jJAnAya, prAcInAcAra-vicAra-parijJAnAya, prAcIna-bhaugolikavivaraNa-jJAnAya, vividha-zAstrANAM ca sArajJAnAya purANAnAM mahattvaM na kenApi nirAkatuM zakyate / purANaM paJcalakSaNam-viSNupurANAdiSu pratipAdya-viSayam Azritya purA NAnAM lakSaNaM nirUpyate yat sargazca pratisargazca vaMzo manvantarANi ca / vaMzAnucaritaM caiva purANaM paJcala Nam // . purANeSu mukhyataH paJcatattvAnAM samAvezaH svIkriyate / lakSaNeSveteSu kasyacit tattvasya kasmizcit purANe vaiziSTayaM nirUpyate, anyasmizca kasyacidanyasya tattvasya / evaM pratipurANaM lakSaNAnAm eSAM nyUnAdhikyam avalokyate / evaM kvacit paJcAnAmapi lakSaNAnAM samAveza upalabhyate, anyatra ca kasyacid ekasya dvayasya vA tattvasya samupalabdhirbhavati / santi ca kAnicit purANAni yeSu anyeSAmeva viSayANAM vaiziSTyena pratipAdanaM vartate / tathApi teSAM gaNanA purANeSu svIkriyate / purANaM daza-lakSaNam-zrImadbhAgavatapurANAnusAraM purANAnAM daza-lakSaNAni santi / kvacit paJca lakSaNAni kvacit daza lakSaNAni, iti matabhedasya kiM kAraNamiti jijJAsAyAM taduttaraM bhAgavatakRtA svayameva vyAdizyate, yat mahApurANeSu daza lakSaNAni prApyante, laghuSu ca purANeSu kevalaM paJcAnAmeva lakSaNAnAM prAptirbhavati / evaM mahallaghubhedena daza-paJca-lakSaNAnAM sNgtivyvsthaapyaa| dazabhirlakSaNairyuktaM purANaM tadvido viduH / kecit paJcavidhaM brahman mahadalpavyavasthayA // bhAgavatapu0 12-7-20 sAmAnyataH svIkRtAnAM paJcAnAM lakSaNAnAM prAg vivRtiH prastUyate / sargaH-zrImadbhAgavata-purANe paJcAnAmapi lakSaNAnAM vivaraNaM prApyate / tatra ca sargasya svarUpaM nirUpyate yat avyaakRt-gunnkssobhaanmhtstrivRto'hmH| bhUtamAtrendriyArthAnAM saMbhavaH sarga ucyate // bhAgavatapu0 12-7-11

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purANaM paJcalakSaNam 27. sarga-zabdena sRSTyutpatteH varNanam abhipretamasti / bhAgavatAnusAraM sargazabdena sAMkhyAbhimatA sRSTi-prakriyA svIkriyate / sAmyAvasthAm ApannAyAM mUlaprakRtau yadA guNakSobha Apadyate, tadA mahat-tattvam utpadyate, tatazca ahaMkArasyodbhavo bhavati, guNatrayam Azritya trividhAd ahaMkArAt paJcatanmAtrANAm ekAdazendriyANAM cotpattirbhavati / paJcatanmAtrAbhyazca paJcamahAbhUtAnAm udbhavo jaayte| pratisargaH-pratisarga-zabdena pralayasya sRSTeH punarudbhavasya ca varNanam abhISyate / bhAgavatAnusAraM pratisarga-lakSaNam asti puruSAnugRhItAnAmeteSAM vaasnaamyH| visargo'yaM samAhAro bIjAd bIjaM carAcaram // bhA0 pu0 12-7-12 idaM sakalaM carAcarAtmakaM jagat sva-vAsanAmayaiH saMskAraiH punaH punaH sRSTiracanAyAM janim Apadyate / yathA bIjAni vRkSAdirUpeNa samudbhUtAni pralaye bIjarUpaM prAptAnyapi punaH vRkSAdirUpeNa Avirbhavanti, tathaiva sthAvaraM jaGgamaM ca jagat svasaMskAravazAt punarjAyate / etasyaiva varNanaM pratisarga-zabdena abhiissyte| vaMzaH-vaMza-zabdena rAjJAm RSINAM ca vaMzAvalyA varNanam iSTamasti / vaMza-lakSaNaM bhAgavatAnusAramasti rAjJAM brahmaprasUtAnAM vNshstraikaaliko'nvyH| bhAgavatapu0 12-7-16 brahmaNa: samudbhUtAnAM nRpANAM trikAlamAzritya vaMzAvalyA varNanaM vaMzazabdasyAbhiprAyaH / vaMza-zabdena na kevalaM nRpANAmeva, api tu RSINAM devAdInAM cApi vaMzAvaliH sNgraahyaa| rAmAyaNa-mahAbhAratAdiSu kasyacidekasya vaMzasya varNanamApyate, paraM purANeSu sAmAnyarUpeNa atIta-vartamAna-anAgatAnAM ca nRpAdInAM vaMzAvalirvarNyate / ida cAtrAvadheyaM yat purANAni sAMskRtika dRSTyA aitihAsika-dRSTayA cAtIva mahattvapUrNAni ratnAni santi / sRSTeH prArambhAdArabhya vividhAnAM napavaMzAvalInAM varNanaM yathA vyavasthitarUpeNa purANeSUpalabhyate, na tathAnyatra / bahUni cAtra varNitAni tathyAni prAptebhyaH zilAlekhAdibhyaH puSTi. mupayAnti / sUryavaMza-candravaMzAdInAM prathitAnAM vaMzAnAM vividhavatta-samanvitaM varNanaM purANeSu sAdhUpalabhyate / evaM vaMzavarNanam aitihya-dRSTyA nitAntaM mahattvapUrNa sidhyti| __ manvantaram--manvantara-zabdena pratyekasya manoH kAlaH, tadAnIntanAnAM vividhAnAM vRttAnAM suvyavasthitam ullekho varNanaM ca manvantara-zabdenAbhISTaM vartate / bhAgavatAnusAraM manvantarasya lakSaNaM vidyate-- manvantaraM manudevA manuputrAH sureshvrH| RSayoM'zAvatArazca hareH SaDvidhamucyate // bhAgavatapu0 12-7-15 manvantara-zabdena manoH devAnAM manuputrANAm indrasya saptarSINAM viSNoH

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28 saMskRtanibandhazatakam aMzAvatArANAM ca varNanaM tatsambaddhaM ca vividhaM vRttaM saMgrAhyam / pratikalpaM caturdaza manavo bhavanti / pratimanvantaraM ke rAjAno'bhavan, tatra ke RSayo maharSayazcAbhavan, taiH kiM viziSTaM kRtyajAtaM vyadhAyi, tasmin kAle kiM kiM viziSTaM vRttaM vA ghaTitam, ityAdi sarvamapi manvantara-varNane varNyate / aitihyasya yAthAtathyato'vabodhAya manvantarasya jJAnamapi nitarAm Avazyakam / vaMzAnucaritam--vaMzAnucarite viziSTavaMzotpannAnAM nRpAdInAM viziSTaM caritaM vizadatayA varNyate / bhAgavatAnusAraM tallakSaNaM vidyate vaMzAnucaritaM teSAM vRttaM vaMzadharAzca ye // bhAgavatapu0 12-7-16 vaMzAnucarite sUrya-candrAdi-vaMzajAnAM nRpANAM tavaMzadharANAM ca jIvanacaritaM savistaraM pratipAdyate / vaMzAnucaritasya purANeSu mahatI AvazyakatA vartate / ye kecana tatra rAjarSayo mahAtmAnaH puNyAtmAnazcAbhavan, teSAM savizadaM caritam anuzrutyaiva paravartinaH sAmAnyA narAH svajIvanaM pAvayanti, tathAvidhakarmAnuSThAnena vipatpArAvAraM samuttitIrSanti, svajanma saphalaM cikIrSanti, laukikaM pAralaukikaM ca puNyaM cicIrSanti / yadyaivaM vicAryate cet tarhi vaMzAnucarita-varNanasyApi mahatI AvazyakatA upayogitA cAsti / purANaM dazalakSaNam-zrImadbhAgavate purANe purANaM dazalakSaNamiti nirUpyate / bhAgavatakRtA caivaM tadvarNanaM nirdizyate purANalakSaNaM brahman brahmarSibhinirUpitam / zRNuSva buddhimAzritya vedshaastraanusaartH||8|| sargo'syAtha visargazca vRttI rakSAntarANi ca / vaMzo vaMzAnucaritaM saMsthA heturpaashryH||9|| dazabhirlakSaNairyuktaM purANaM tadvido viduH| kecit paJcavidhaM brahman mahadalpavyavasthayA // bhAgavata0 12-7-10 eSAM dazalakSaNAnAM paJcakaM prAga nirUpitameva / avaziSTaM paMcakaM saMkSepato niruupyte| vRttiH--atra vRttizabdena jIvAnAM bhojanAcchAdanAdikaM teSAM jIvikAnirvAhopAyAH, kRtyAkRtyAdivarNanam, heyopAdeyAdikaM ca nirUpyante / ucyate ca vRttirbhUtAni bhUtAnAM carANAmacarANi ca / kRtA svena nRNAM tatra kAmAccodanayApi vA // bhAgavata0 12-7-13 tatra kAcidvattiH svecchayA svIkriyate, kAcicca zAstrAnusArato jIvikAnirvAhArthaM vaa| rakSA---atra vedAdInAM vaidikarmiNAM ca rakSArthaM viSNoH avatArasya varNanaM bhavati / avatAraM prAptasya viSNorvedavirodhinAM saMhArasya puNyAtmanAM rakSAyAzca varNanaM bhavati / ucyate ca--

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29 purANaM paJcalakSaNam rakSAcyutAvatArehA vizvasyAnu yuge yuge| , tiryamartyaSideveSu hanyante yaistrayodviSaH // bhAga0 12-7-14 saMsthA-saMsthAzabdena sargasyAsya pralayasya varNanam abhISTamasti / prala-- yazca caturvidho bhavati-naimittikaH, prAkRtikaH, nityaH, Atyantikazca / ___hetuH-hetu-zabdena jIvasya grahaNaM bhavati / sa eva avidyAvazago bhUtvA jAyate mriyate ca / atra jAgrat-svapna-suSupti-dazAnAM varNanaM bhavati / apAzrayaH--apAzrayazabdena turIyatattvasya brahmaNo varNanam abhISTamasti / vyatirekAnvayo yasya jAgratsvapnasuSuptiSu / mAyAmayeSu tadbrahma jIvavRttiSvapAzrayaH // bhAga 12-7-19 evaM paJcalakSaNena dazalakSaNena ca purANAnAM mahattvaM vaiziSTyaM ca pratipAdyate /

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9. purANAnAM mahattvam ( itihAsapurANAbhyAM vedaM samupabRMhayet ) purANa-zabdArthaH--kiM tAvat purANamiti jijJAsAyAM purANa-zabdArtho bahudhA nirucyate / kAzcana niruktayo'tra samAsato nirdizyante / ( 1 ) purANam AkhyAnaM purANam iti, arthAt prAcInAni AkhyAnAni purANAnIti / (2) yasmAt purA hi anati idaM purANam ( vAyupurANa 1-203), yat purA sajIvam AsIt tat purANam / (3) jagataH prAgavasthAm anukramya sargapratipAdakaM vAkyajAtaM purANam ( sAyaNa, ai0 brA0 bhUmikA), saMsArotpatteH vikAsakramasya ca bodhakaM purANam / ( 4 ) purArtheSu AnayatIti purANam ( padmapurANa ), puruSa-prakRtyAdi-pUrvatattvacintanaparaM purANamiti / ( 5 ) purA paramparAM vakti purANaM tena vai smRtam ( vAyupurANa), prAcIna-paramparA-pratipAdakA granthAH purANamiti / ( 6 ) vizvasRSTeritihAsaH purANam (madhusUdana-sarasvatI ) / vizvaracanAyA aitihyameva purANazabdAbhimatam / 18 purANAni, 18 upapurANAni ca purANanAmnA vyavahriyante / purANaM paJcalakSaNam--pratipAdyaviSayam Azritya purANAnAM paJcalakSaNAni nirdizyante sargazca pratisargazca vaMzo manvantarANi ca / / ___vaMzAnucaritaM caiva purANaM paJcalakSaNam // ( viSNu purANa) purANeSu paJcatattvAnAM smaavesho'pekssyte| (1) sargaH-sRSTyutpattivarNanam / (2) pratisargaH-pralayasya, sRSTeH punarudbhavasya ca varNanam / (3) vaMzaHdevAnAm RSINAM ca vaMzAvalyA varNanam / (4) manvantarANi---pratyekasya manoH kAlaH, tatkAla-ghaTitAnAM vRttAnAM ca varNanam / ( 5 ) vaMzAnucaritam--sUryacandrAdi-vaMzajAnAM napANAm itivRttAtmakaM varNanam / paJcalakSaNamiti sAmAnyo nirdezaH / naitena sarvaviSaya-saMgrAhakatvam / viSayAntarANAmapi purANeSu sadbhAvAt, paJcalakSaNasya ca kvacit parihArAt / purANAnAM racanAkAlaH-purANAnAM racanAkAla: 600 IsavIyapUrvAdArabhya 500 IsavIyasaMvatsaraM yAvat svIkriyate / purANeSu pratipAdyA viSayAH-purANeSu mukhyato nimnAGkitAnAM tathyAnAM varNanama avApyate / (1) kasyacid devasya kasyAzcid devyA vopaasnaa| tasyaiva devasya sarvotkRSTatA-pratipAdanaM ca / (2) brahma-viSNu-mahezeSu kasyApyekasya iSTadevatvena varNanam / (3 ) sRSTerutpatteH sthiteH pralayasya ca varNanam / (4) devAnAm RSINAM ca vaMzAvaliH, tajjIvanavRttaM ca / ( 5 ) manoH manvantarasya ca varNanam ( 6 ) nanda-maurya-zuGga-Andhra-guptAdivaMzajAnAM nRpANAM bhUpatInAM ca

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purANAnAM mahattvam itivRtta-varNanam / (7) tIrthAnAM prathita bhaugolikasthAnAnAM tIrthayAtrAdInAM ca varNanam / (8) vrata-japa-upavAsa-prArthanAdInAM sAnuSThAnaM varNanam / (9) avatAravAdasya mUrtipUjAyA vividhadevopAsanAyAzca sNsthaapnaa| (10) sagaNopAsanAyA bhaktimArgasya ca prAdhAnyena pratipAdanam / (11) dArzanikadhArmika-rAjanItika-AcArazAstrAdi-mahattvabhAjAM viSayANAM vivecanaM vizleSaNaM ca / (12) vyAkaraNa-kAvyazAstra jyotiHzAstra-zarIravijJAna-AyurvedAdi zAstrIyANAM vaijJAnikAnAM ca viSayANAM tathyasaMkalanam / / purANAnAM mahattvam--bhAratIyAyAH saMskRteH sabhyatAyAzca yathAyatham avagamAya purANAnAM nitarAM mahattvamasti / purANAni vihAya na kvacidanyatra vipule'pi vAGmaye prAcInasaMskRteH savistaraM varNanam upalabhyate / ataeva vAyupurANe tanmahattvam udghoSyate yat caturvedavidapi purANajJAnavihIno na vicakSaNapadavIm AroDhuM zaknoti / uktam ca yo vidyAccaturo vedAn sAGgopaniSado dvijaH / na cet purANaM sa vidyAt naiva sa syAd vicakSaNaH // ( vAyupurANa ) purANAnAM dharmArthakAmamokSAtmaka-caturvarga-sAdhanAd vedatvaM pratipAdyate / purANaM paJcamo veda ityAdriyate / uktam ca bhAgavate itihAsapurANaM ca paJcamo veda ucyate // sarvajanahitAya sarvajanabodhAya ca prasAdaguNopetAyAH paddhatyAH samAzrayeNa pUrANAnAM mahattvaM pratipadam AlakSyate / AbAlavRddhaM purANAnAM priyatvaM na kasyacid vipazcito vipratipatteviSayaH / kathAkhyAnAzrayeNa nigUDhatattvanirUpaNaM saralatayA tadabhivyaktizca purANAnAM mahattvam edhayati / purANAnAM tAdRzI manoharA zailI bhAvAbhivyakti-prakriyA ca yathA jJAnalava-durvidagdho'pi mAnavo vividhaviSayAvagAhi jJAnaM saralatayA avApnoti / purANeSu kvacit kAvyacchaTA, kvacit prakRtivarNanam , kvacit tIrthAdivarNanam, kvacit sRSTi-sthiti-pralayavarNanam, kvacid bhAvotkarSaH, kvacid jJAnasyodayaH, kvacit tattvArthacintA, kvacit kartavyodbodhanam, kvacit jJAnamImAMsA ca aindradhanuSIm AbhAM vistArayati / purANAnAM tAdRzaM mahattvam yathA 'bhinnarucihi lokaH' svarucim anusRtya pravRtto'pi sveSTaM pratigRhNAti / viduSe tattvajJAnaviSayAH, bAlizAya zRGgArarasarucirANi AkhyAnAni, nItijJAya nItitattvAni, rAjJe rAjakarmANi, vyavahAriNe arthAgamasAdhanAni, adhyAtmahaze brahmatattvamImAMsA, vanitAbhyo bhaktimArgaH, jijJAsave bhUgola-aitihyAdi-sambaddhA viSayAH, yathAyathaM taccittAvarjakatvena prathante / itihAsapurANAmyAM vedaM samupadvhayet--mahAbhAratakRtA vedArthasya vizadI

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2 saMskRtanibandhazatakam karaNaM purANAnAM mahattvarUpeNa prtipaadyte| vedeSu yAni tattvAni yatra tatra varNyante teSAM vizadIkaraNaM purANeSu AkhyAnarUpeNa prApyate / vedArthavizadIkaraNena purANAni vedArthAvagame sAhAyyam Acaranti / purANAnAM dhArmika mahattvaM kasya na vipazcito viditam / purANAni bhAratIya-saMskRteH sanAtanadharmasya ca prANabhUtAni santi / eteSAmapi zrutitulyaM prAmANyaM gRhyate / viSNu-zivAdi-devAnAm upAsanApaddhateH savistaro bodhaH purANaireva sNjaayte| __ aitihyadRSTyA'pi purANAnAm atulaM mahattvam / bhAratIyaitihyasya ajJAta itihAso rAjAnaM parIkSitam Arabhya padmanandaM yAvat purANeSvevopalabhyate / viSNupurANe mauryavaMzAvaliH, matsyapurANe AndhravaMzAvaliH, vAyupurANe guptavaMzAvaliH ca sAmprataM purAtattvaviddhiH prAmANyarUpeNa urarI kriyate / purANeSa prApyA AbhIra-zaka-yavana-tuSAra-hUNAdi-rAjavaMzAnAM vaMzAvalI aitihyavidAM kRte bhumuulysvruupaa| purANAnAM bhaugolikamapi mahattvaM vartate / eSu caturtIpAyA vasumatyAH, saptadvIpAyA vasumatyAH, 18 dvIpAnAm, 14 bhuvanAnAm, kSIrasAgarAdInAM varNanam, bhUvibhAjanam, tIrthAnAm, sAgarANAm, saritAm, girINAm, bhaugolikamahattvabhAjAm anyeSAM ca sthAnAnAM yatra tatra varNanaM bhUgola-khagolavidAM kRte viziSTaM mahattvam Adhatte / purANAnAM sAmAjikamapi mahattvam avarNanIyam / purANeSu varNAzramavyavasthAm Azritya guNAnAM karmaNAM ca varNanam, vividhasaMskArANAM vivaraNam, pArivArika-saMbandhasya vistarazo vivecanam, guruziSyasaMbandhasya vaiziSTayena samapasthApanama, rAjadharmAdivarNanaM ca teSAM samAjazAstrIyaM mahattvam upasthApayati / purANeSu vividhA vidyA yathAsthAnaM varNyante / kvacid vyAkaraNam, kvacit chandaH, kvacid jyotiSam, kvacid dharmazAstram, kvacid AyurvedaH, kvacid zarIravijJAnAdikaM ca teSAM zAstrIyaM vaijJAnikaM ca mahattvaM samarthayante / purANeSu agnipurANaM vividhazAstrIyajJAna-samanvitatvAd vizvakoSaH sviikriyte| evaM purANAnAM mahattvaM sarvathA prasidhyati / uktaM ca nAradIyapurANe vedArthAdadhikaM manye purANArtha varAnane / vedAH pratiSThitAH sarve purANe nAtra sNshyH|| ( nA0 pu0, 2-24-17 ).

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10 vidyAvatAM bhAgavate parIkSA (zrImadbhAgavata-samIkSA) bhAgavatasya svarUpam--zrImadbhAgavataM nAma zrImadvyAsakRtaM prathitatamaM purANam / etad bhAgavataM nAma paramaM jyotiH| vidyotayati caitad jyotiH sacetasAM cetAMsi, apaharati malaM maladUSitAnAM malinAtmanAm, jAgarayati cetasi adhyAtmadahanam, prabodhayati vivekam, zodhayati svAntam, rodhayati pApatatim, avagamayati darzanatattvam, vigamayati durmatim saMgamayati ca sadbhAvasaraNim / ___ bhAgavatasya mahattvam--samagre'pi purANasAhitye na tathA pAvanaM madhuraM cetaHprasAdajananaM vivekAlokaprasArakaM purANamanyad yathA zrImadbhAgavatam / bhAgavataM hi jJAna-vibhA-prasAra-samakAlameva adhyAtmarati brahmaniSThAM bhagavadbhakti sadAcArasaraNiM ca prastavIti iti dharmArthakAmamokSAtmakasya caturvargasya sAdhakamapi nirNIyate / bhagavadbhaktim Azritya kathaM jIvanasya trANam apavargAvAptizceti atropadizyate / bhagavadbhaktimUlakaM kRtaM karma na bandhanakAraNam / bhagavadbhaktijaM jJAnaM duHkhaprahANi vidhAya AtmatattvAvalokane brahmarUpatAprAptau ca prbhvti| zrImadbhAgavate kathAkhyAnAdikam Azritya kvacid darzanam, kvacid vedatattvam, kvacit sAMkhyayogasiddhAntAH, kvacid vedAntarAddhAntAH, kvacid upaniSat-tattvam, kvacid AtmajJAnam, kvacicca paramA bhaktiH varNyate / bhAgavatakartuH sarvaviSayAvagAhijJAnasaMpannatvAd, vividhakalAniSNAtatvAt, kAvyazAstranadISNatvAt, AkhyAnapravaNatvAt, aitihyavidagdhatvAt tathAvidhaM manojJaM vaco yathA na kevalaM kovidatallajAnAmeva hRdayAnyAvarjayati, api tu tadvacomAdhurI alpadhiyAmapi manAMsi apUrvayA saMgItAtmakatayA raJjayati / __ yathA mahAkavinA zrIharSeNa svIye naiSadhIyamahAkAvye svaviSaye procyate'prAjJaMmanyamanA haThena paThitI mAsmina khalaH khelt'| yathA ca vividhaviSayAvagAhitvena naiSadhIyakAvyasya dhInikaSatvaM svIkurvadbhiH 'naiSadhaM vidvadauSadham' iti sAdaram udIyate, tathaiva zrImadbhAgavataviSaye'pi viduSAmiyaM sUktiH caritArthA yad-vidyAvatAM bhAgavate parIkSA, iti / bhAgavate pratipadaM darzanatattvAnAm upadezaH, zAstrIyaviSayANAM sulalitayA girA pratipAdanaM tasya mahattvaM vaiziSTyaM vaiduSyajanakatvaM cApAdayati / prAjJaMmanyamanA jJAnalavadurvidagdho nAsya tattvAvagame prabhavati / zraddhArAddhaguruzlathIkRtadRDhagranthiH tattat-zAstrAvagAhenaiva gUDhArthakAnAM kUTAnAM ca padyAnAm arthAvagame kssmH|

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34 saMskRtanibandhazatakam kUTapadyAni-diGmAtramiha kecana gUDhArthakAH kliSTArthakAzca zlokAH prastUyante / kUTapadyAni yathA dve asya bIje zatamUla strinAlaH, paJcaskandhaH pnycrsprsuutiH| dazaikazAkho dvisuparNanIDa-strivalkalo dviphalo'kaM prvissttH|| bhAga0 11-12-22 adanti caikaM phalamasya gRdhrA grAmecarA ekmrnnyvaasaaH| haMsA ya ekaM bahurUpamijya-rmAyAmayaM veda sa veda vedam // bhAga0 11-12-23 kliSTazabdaprayogo'pi bahudhA saMdRzyate / tadyathA-(1) mArIcamAzu vizikhena yathA kamugraH / bhAga0 9-10-10 / atra 'kamugraH' ityasyArtho'sti kamdakSaprajApatim, ugra:-vIrabhadraH, yathA jaghAna, tathaiva rAmo bANena mArIcam ahan / (2) vizravaso'vameham bhAga0 9-10-15, atra 'avameham' ityasya kuputram ityarthaH / ( 3 ) zAdvalajemanam, ajorvabhiSTavam, bhAga0 10-14-60 / atra zAdvalajemanam-tRNAcchannabhUmau bhojanam, ajorvabhiSTavam-brahmakRtA mahatI stutiH / (4) yA dohane'vahanane mathanopalepa-prejhelanAbharuditokSaNamArjanAdau / bhAga0 10-44-15 / atratyA kliSTA padAvali: svayameva kliSTArthatAM vyanakti / dArzanikA bhAvAH-dArzanikabhAvopetAnAM zlokAnAM mahatI saMkhyA / yathA taM klezakarmaparipAkaguNapravAhai-ravyAhatAnubhavamIzvaramadvitIyam / prANAdibhiH svavibhavarupagUDhamanyo manyeta sUryamiva meghhimopraagaiH|| ___ bhAga0 10-84-33 atra klezakarmavipAkAzayairaparAmRSTaH puruSavizeSa IzvaraH, iti yogasUtre (1-24 ) varNitasya Izvarasya, vedAntAbhimata-brahmaNazca varNanam / . bRhadupalabdhametadavayantyavazeSatayA, yata udayAstamayau vikRtermudi vAvikRtAt / ___ bhAga0 10-87-15 atra sataH sad jAyate, iti sAMkhyAbhimatasya varNanam / dRtaya iva zvasantyasubhRto yadi te'nuvidhA, mahadahamAdayo'NDamasRjan ydnugrhtH| paruSavidho'nvayo'tra caramo'nnamayAdiSu yaH, sadasataH paraM tvamatha yadeSvavazeSamRtam // bhAga0 10-87-17 atra sAMkhyAbhimata-prakRtivikRteH, annamayAdikozAnAM, sadasataH parasya brahmaNazca varNanam /

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vidyAvatAM bhAgavate parIkSA sa eva jIvo vivaraprasUtiH prANena ghoSeNa guhAM praviSTaH / manomayaM sUkSmamupetya rUpaM mAtrA svaro varNa iti sthaviSTaH // bhAga0 11-12-17 atra upaniSadi vaNitasya Atmano varNanam / yathAnalaH khe'nilabandhurUSmA balena dAruSyabhimathyamAnaH / aNuH prajAto haviSA samidhyate, tathaiva me vyaktiriyaM hi vANI // 35 bhAga0 11-12-18 atra brahmaNaH parAdirUpacatuvidhAyA vANyAH pravartanaM vahnidRSTAntena sphuTIkriyate / sattvaM rajastama iti guNA buddherna cAtmanaH / sattvenAnyatamau hanyAt sattvaM sattvena caiva hi // bhAga0 11-13-1 atra guNA buddhidharmA nAtmana iti sAMkhyAbhimataM varNyate / Agamo'paH prajA dezaH kAlaH karma ca janma ca / dhyAnaM mantro'tha saMskAro dazaite guNahetavaH // bhAga0 11-13-4 atra dazatattvAnAM guNabuddhihetutvaM pradarzyate / veNusaMgharSajo vahnirdagdhvA zAmyati tadvanam / evaM guNavyatyayajo dehaH zAmyati tatkriyaH // bhAga0 11-13-7 atra 'jJAnAgniH sarvakarmANi bhasmasAt kurute tathA ' ( gItA 4 : 37 ) iti samarthyate / smArayati caitat padyam azvaghoSakRtaM padyadvayam - ' dIpo yathA nirvRtimabhyupeto -- snehakSayAt kevalameti zAntim' / ' evaM kRtInirvRttimabhyupeto naivAvani gacchati nAntarikSam / dizaM na kAMcid vidizaM na kAMcit klezakSayAt kevalameti zAntim' / / saundara0 19 - 28, 29 usat guNakSobhakRto vikAraH pradhAnamUlAnmahataH prasUtaH / ahaM trivRnmohavikalpa hetu rvaikArikastAmasa aindriyazca // bhAga0 11-22-32 atra sAMkhya- vedAntobhaya-siddhAntAnAM varNanam / na yatra vAco na mano va sattvaM tamo rajo vA mahadAdayo'mI / na prANa buddhIndriyadevatA vA, na saMnivezaH khalu lokakalpaH // bhAga0 12-4-20 na svapnajAgranna ca tat suSuptaM, na khaM jalaM bhUranilo'gnirarkaH / saMpravacchranyavada pratakyaM, tanmUlabhUtaM padamAmananti // bhAga0 12-4-21 atra zlokadvaye sAMkhyAbhimatam avyaktAyA mUlaprakRteH varNanam / AtmA jJAnamayaH zuddho vyatirikto'guNAnvayaH / suSuptisvapnajAgradbhirmAyAvRttibhirIyate // bhAga0 10-47-31

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36 saMskRta nibandhazatakam atra vedAntAbhimata-mAyAvRttisiddhAntasya varNanam / yasyeritA sAMkhyamayI dRDheha nau-yayA mumukSustarate duratyayam // bhAga0 9-8-14 atra sAMkhyazAstrasya dRDhanaukArUpeNa prazaMsanam / prazAntamAyAguNakarmaliGga-manAmarUpaM sadasadvimuktam / jJAnopadezAya gRhItadehaM namAmahe tvAM puruSaM purANam // bhAga0 9-8-25 atra vedAntAbhimatasya triguNAtItasya brahmaNo varNanam / evaM vivecanena bhAgavatasya guNagauravaM bhAvotkarSatvaM ca nitarAM pratIyate / satyamidaM vacanam -- zrImadbhAgavataM purANamamalaM yad vaiSNavAnAM priyaM yasmin pAramahaMsyamekamamalaM jJAnaM paraM gIyate / tatra jJAna - virAga-bhaktisahitaM naiSkarmyamAviSkRtaM tacchRNvan vipaThan vicAraNaparo bhaktyA vimucyennaraH //

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. 11. bhAratIyadarzanAnAM mahattvaM vaiziSTyaM ca ___ darzana-zabdArthaH--prekSaNArthakAd dRz dhAtoH ( dRzir prekSaNe ) lyuT-pratyaye kRte darzana-zabdo niSpadyate / kiM nAma darzanam ? dRzyate anena iti darzanam / yena sAdhanena ida vizvam, idaM vastujAtam, brahma, jIvAtmA, prakRtizca, yAthAtathyena dRzyate nirIkSyate parIkSyate samIkSyate vivicyate ca tad darzanam / ataH samagramapi AdhyAtmikam AdhibhautikaM ca vivecanaM darzana-zabdAntargataM bhavati / kiM brahma ? tasya kiM svarUpam ? ka IzvaraH ? ke tasya prApterupAyAH ? asmin jagati kiM zAzvataM tattvam ? iyaM sRSTi: kuta AbabhUva ? jIvAtmanaH kiM svarUpam ? kaH punarjAyate ? kiM liGgazarIram ? jIvasya kuta udbhUtiH ? ki tasya lakSyam ? kathaM mokSAvAptiH ? AtmA cetano'cetano vA ? kaH sRSTeH kartA ? ki jIvanasya kartavyam ? kazca jIvanasya sAdhiSThaH panthAH ? ityAdayo'nuyogA yatra susUkSmeNa rUpeNa vivicyante tad darzanam / sUkSmekSikayA tattvArthadarzanameva darzanam ityavagantavyam / yathocyate: keneSitaM patati preSitaM manaH, kena prANaH prathamaH praiti yuktaH / keneSitAM vAcamimAM vadanti, cakSuHzrotraM ka u devo yunakti / (kena upa0 1-1) bhAratIyadarzanAnAM vargIkaraNam-bhAratIyadarzanAni sthUlarUpeNa dvidhA vibhajyante-AstikadarzanAni, nAstikadarzanAni ca / yAni darzanAni vedAnAM prAmANyam urIkurvanti, tAni AstikadarzanAnIti vyavahriyante / yAni ca vedAnAM prAmANyaM norarIkurvate tAni nAstikadarzanAni / tatra nyAya-vaizeSikasAMkhya-yoga-mImAMsA-vedAntAkhyAni SaDdarzanAni AstikadarzanAni abhidhIyante / cArvAka-jaina-bauddhadarzanAni ca nAstikadarzanAni nirdizyante / vibhAjanaM caitad vedAnAM prAmANyAprAmANyamalakameveti samyaga avadhAraNIyam / / bhAratIyadarzanAnAM mahattvam-modAvaham etad yad nikhile'pi bhuvane pAzcAttyAH paurastyAzca vipazcito bhAratIyadarzanAnAM muktakaNThena ekasvareNa ca mahattvaM svIkurvate / satyapi matabhede, satyapi rASTrIyapakSapAte, satyapi svotkarSavicAre ca bhAratIyadarzanAnAM mahattva-viSaye na kasyApi viduSo vipratipattiH / vizvavAGmaye bhAratIyadarzanAni jJAna-prabhA-bhAsvareNa cintanena, sva-para-pakSAlocana-nipuNena vaiduSyeNa, tattvArthagrahaNakapravaNena vivekena, adhRSyeNa dhIprakarSaNa, saMkIrNatAdoSAnavaliptena vivecanena, pUrvagraharahitenaM vizleSaNena, manojJayA vivecanazailyA, hRdyayA bhAvAbhivyaktyA, rucirayA padAvalyA ca taraNivat tejaHsamuccayena cakAsati / bhAratIyadarzanAnAM vaiziSTyam-bhAratIyadarzanAnAM cintanapaddhatireva

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38 saMskRtanibandhazatakam pAzcAttyadarzanebhyo bhinnaa| pAzcAttyadarzaneSu darzananAm udbhavaviSaye vividhA vAdAH prastUyante, tadyathA-Azcaryajanyatvam, sandehamUlakatvam, mAnava-vyavahArAdhyayanamUlakatvam, jJAnAnurAgamUlakatvaM vaa| paraM bhAratIyadarzanAnAM mUlam AzcaryAdikaM nAsti / tasya mUlaM trividhaduHkhAtyantanivRttirasti / trividhaduHkhAtyantanivRttizca adhyAtmajJAnena AdhyAtmikapravRttyA vA bhavatIti bhAratIyavijJAnAM saMmatam / duHkhatrayAbhighAtAt jijJAsA tadapaghAtake hetau| dRSTe sA'pArthA cet naikAntAtyantato'bhAvAt // ( sAMkhyakArikA 1) sAMkhyAnusAraM ca 'vyaktAvyaktajJavijJAnAd' duHkhAtyantanivRttiH saMjAyate / (1) adhyAtmabhAvanA-prAdhAnyam-bhAratIyadarzaneSu adhyAtma-bhAvanA anusyUtA otA protA ca / AdhyAtmikI bhAvanAM parihAya darzanAnAM sthitireva na saMbhAvyate / kim Atmatattvam ? kathaM ca tadavAptiH ? iti sarveSAmeva darzanAnAM pramukhaH cintanaviSayaH / AtmajJAnam, AtmasAkSAtkAraH brahmaNA tAdAtmyAnubhUtiH, tanmUlakaM ca sarvajJatvam, ityAdayo viSayA darzanAnAM vivecytvenoptisstthnte| AtmA vA are draSTavyaH zrotavyo mantavyo nididhyaasitvyH| Atmano vA are darzanena zravaNena matyA vijJAnenedaM sarva viditam / (bRhadA02-4-5) (2) dharmAnubandhitvam-pAzcAttyadarzaneSu dharmadarzanayorvaiyadhikaraNyam, na tu sAmAnAdhikaraNyam, svIkriyate / tatra dharmadarzanayoH panthAnau vibhinnau, anapekSitvaM cetaretarayoH / bhAratIyadarzaneSu tayoH sAmAnAdhikaraNyaM parasparApekSitvaM cAGgIkriyate / yadeva darzanena vivicyate, tadeva dharmeNa vyavahriyate / ekatra dharmatattvasamIkSA, aparatra dharmatattvavyavahatiH / darzane cintanaM mukhyam, dharme ca karmanirdhAraNam / evaM parasparAnubaddhe dharmadarzane bhogApavargayoH sopAnarUpe staH / etadeva kaNAdena pataJjalinA codghoSyateH yato'bhyudayaniHzreyasasiddhiH sa dharmaH / ( vaizeSika0 ) bhogApavargAthaM dRzyam / ( yogadarzana 2-18) (3) vedAnAM prAmANyam-bhAratIyadarzaneSu SaD AstikadarzanAni vedAnAM prAmANyaM svIkurvate / jaina-bauddhadarzanayorapi vedAnAM prAmANyaM rUpAntareNa vyavahArabuddhayA vA svIkriyate eva / kevalaM cArvAkadarzanaM vedAnAm aprAmANyaM prastautitarAm / (4) duHkhatrayavinAzanam-bhAratIyadarzaneSu AdhyAtmika-AdhidaivikaAdhibhautiketi trividhaduHkhAnAm AtyantikavAraNAya darzanAnAM janirabhUt / etadeva ca darzanAnAM lakSyam / etacca pataJjalinA prakAra-catuSTayena sphuTI

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bhAratIyadarzanAnAM mahattvaM vaiziSTyaM ca / kriyate:-( ka ) heyam-duHkhaM heyaM tyAjyaM vA / (kha ) heyahetuH-kimiti duHkhAni heyAni ? (ga) hAnam-duHkhAnAM zAzvatiko'bhAvaH / (gha) hAnopAyaH-duHkhapraNAzasya ke upAyAH ? evaM vivicya duHkhapraNAzopAyA darzanaiH prastUyante / / (5) karmaphalasyAnivAryatvam-kRtaM kriyamANaM kariSyamANaM ca karma phalabhAg bhavati / kRtakarmaNA vipAkarUpeNa vividhayoniSu uccAvacakulAdiSu ca janma bhavati / 'avazyameva bhoktavyaM kRtaM karma zubhAzubham' iti bhAratIyadarzanAnAM matam / ataH karmavizuddhau AcArazuddhau ca balam AdhIyate tajjaiH / (6) punarjanmanaH svIkaraNam-cArvAkavyatiriktAni bhAratIyadarzananAni karmaphalAnusAraM mAnavasya punarjanma svIkurvanti / / ____ jAtasya hi dhravo mRtyurdhavaM janma mRtasya ca / (gItA 2-27) (7) mAnavajIvanaoNnvayitvam-bhAratIyadarzanAni AcAramImAMsAyAM mAnavasya kartavyAkartavyAnAM vizadaM vivecanaM prastuvanti / kiM kartavyam ? kim akartavyam ? katham abhyudayaH ? katham avanatiH ? mAnavajIvanasya samasyAnAM kathaM nirodhaH pratikAro vA vidheyaH ityAdayo, jovanasaMbaddhA anuyogA darzanaiH samAdhIyante / (8) cAritrikonnatemahattvam-bhAratIyadarzaneSu cAritrikonnatau mahad balam AdhIyate / AstikAni nAstikAni cobhayAnyapi darzanAni cAritrikI vizuddhim unnatiM ca jIvanasyAvazyakartavyatvena upanyasyanti / 'saMbhAvitasya cAkIrtimaraNAdatiricyate' ( gItA 2-34) / / (9) ajJAnasya bandhanakAraNatvam-jIvo'jJAnavazago bhUtvA bandhanam Apadyate / sa bhUyo bhUyo jAyate mriyate ca / ajJAnanAzam antareNa janma-mRtyubandhanAd na hi mucyate jIvaH / (10) mokSasya jIvanalakSyatvam-mokSo muktinirvANaM vA jIvanasya paramaM lakSyam / mokSamadhigatyaiva jIvaH svajIvanasya caramam uddezyaM vindati / jJAnAgninA sarvakarmaNAM vinAze AtmasAkSAtkAre ca mokSAvAptiH saMjAyate / jJAnAgniH sarvakarmANi bhasmasAt kurute tthaa| (gItA 4-37) bhidyate hadayagranthizchidyante srvsNshyaaH|| kSIyante cAsya karmANi tasmin dRSTe parAvare // ( vedAntasAra ) (11) svatantrAstitvam-pAzcAttyadarzanAni rAjanIti-dharmazAstrasamAjazAstra-AcArazAstrAdInAm aGgarUpeNa samudbhUtAni vartante, paraM bhAratIyadarzanAnAM samudayo vaidikakAlAd Arabhya svatantracintanarUpeNAbhavat / ato'sya svatantram astitvaM vidyate / muNDakopaniSadi brahmavidyA sarvavidyA''dhAratvena parigaNyate / sa brahmavidyAM sarvavidyApratiSThAm atharvAya jyeSThaputrAya prAha / ( mu0 1-1)

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam . (12) kAlAvicchinnatvam-bhAratIyadarzanAni vaidikakAlAd Arabhya adyAvadhi avicchinnarUpeNa pravahanti / seyaM darzanadhArA puNyasalilAyA bhAgIrathyA dhArevAvicchinnA bhArate viraajte| pAzcAttyadarzanAnAm IsavIyasaMvatsarAt saptamazatAbdIpUrvaM prasRtA'pi dhArA kAle kAle vicchedamApa, punarudbhUtA ca / (13) vicAra-svAtantryama-bhAratIyadarzaneSu vicArasvAtantryaM pratipadam upalabhyate / khaNDanaM maNDanaM vA syAt, heyam upAdeyaM vA syAt, viruddham aviruddhaM vA syAt, yadi yuktiyuktaM vicArapUrNa vA kiMcid upasthApyate tad viduSAM vicArapatham Arohati / na pUrvagrahamAtreNa kiMcit tiraskriyate / ( 14 ) vyApakam IkSaNam-satyAnveSaNaM darzanAnAM lakSyam / ato na bhAratIyadarzaneSu saMkucitA dRSTirupalabhyate / asvIkAryamapi parapakSaM sayuktikaM samupasthApya yuktipramANapuraHsaraM tannirAkaraNaM kriyate / (15) anubhUtimUlakatvam-bhAratIyadarzanAni svAnubhUtijanyAni vidyante / sarvatraivAnubhUte: prAdhAnyaM varIvati / 'AtmAnaM viddhi' ityAzritya svAnubhUtInAM prakAzanaM darzaneSUpalabhyate / (16 ) vivecana-prAdhAnyam-bhAratIyadarzaneSu vivecanAtmakatAyAH prAdhAnyaM lakSyate / yadeva kiMcit pratipAdyaM syAt tat sayuktikaM sapramANaM parIkSyaiva heyam upAdeyaM vA jAyate, na pratijJAmAtreNa / ata eva bhAratIyadarzanAni darzana-jagati ratnavad bahumUlyAni Akalpante / (17) samAjotthApana-bhAvanA-bhAratIyadarzaneSu samAjasya saMskRtezca samutthApanasya mahatI kAmanA dRzyate / darzaneSu tathAvidhAnAM tattvAnAM samavAyaH syAd yena sAmAjikI sAMskRtiko ca samunnatiH saMbhAvyeta / ataevAneke darzana- . kArAH samAjasudhArakarUpeNa prathitAH santi / ( 18 ) samanvayabhAvanA saMzleSaNAtmakatvaM ca-bhAratIyadarzaneSu samanvayabhAvanA pramukhA vartate / vividhAni darzanAni ekasyaiva pAdapasya vividhazAkhArUpeNa parigaNyante, tatra smnvyshcaavlokyte| darzaneSu vividhavijJAnAnAm ekatrAvasthApanasya samIkaraNasya ca prayAso nirIkSyate / ' evaM bhAratIyadarzanAni vivecanagAmbhIryeNa, AlocanAcAturyeNa, gUDhArthanirIkSaNena, saMvedanazIlAnubhUtiprakarSeNa, satyAnveSaNAnurAgitvena, tattvArthagrahaNapravaNekSaNena, samanvayabhAvanayA, manaHsthityanuzIlanena, atItAnurAgitvena, adhyAtmAbhimukhyena, puruSArthacatuSTayasAdhakatvena, jovanonnAyakatvena, duHkhatrayavinAzapUrvaka-brahmasAkSAtkArakaraNatvena sameSAmapi sudhiyAM samAti samadhigacchanti / .

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12. karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana ' (kurvanneveha karmANi jijIviSecchataM samAH) gItAyA mahattvam-viditamevedaM tathyaM sameSAmapi vipazcitAM yad bhagavadgIteyaM prastavIti karmayogasya rAddhAntam / jIvane karmayogasya kAvazyakatA ityatra santi bahavo vaadaaH| kecana karmaNo mahattvaM svIkurvanti, kecana ca jJAnasya mahattvam udghoSayantaH karma hInamiti pratipAdayanti / yadi yAthAtathyato vivicyate tahi sukaram etad vaktuM yad jIvane karma vihAya jJAnamapi durAsadam / mAnavajIvane karmaiva tArakam, sAdhakam, pratyahavArakam, duHkhanirodhakam, arthAdhigamasAdhanam, pApanivArakam, AdhivyAdhivinAzakaM ceti / yatra yatra karma tatra tatra sukham, karmaNaH sukhAdhigamahetutvAt, yathA raamaadijiivne| yatra yatra kAbhAvaH tatra tatra duHkhAvasAdaH, akarmaNo duHkhamUlatvAt, zvapAkAdijIvane dAridrayAdidarzanAt / __ jIvanasyoddezyam--kiM jIvanamiti vivicyate cet tarhi sukaram etad vaktuM yad jIvanaM puruSArthasAdhanam / dharmArthakAmamokSA iti puruSArthacatuSTam / dharmArthaM kAmArtham arthopArjanArthaM mokSAvAptaye ca sarvatraiva karmaNa AvazyakatA pratipadam anubhUyate / karmaNaiva hi bhUbhRto yatayo maharSayazca svArthasAdhane sakSamAH / agRhItakarmayogavaijayantIkAH, anAzritapuruSArthAyudhAH, anavAptadhairyazauryaguNagauravAH, daivAzrayaikapravaNAH, svApaikahetayaH, nahi jIvane alpIyasImapi siddhi samAsAdayituM prabhavanti / ye hi baddhaparikarAH, puruSArthaM kahetayaH, lakSyaikacittAH, 'kArya vA sAdhayeyaM zarIraM vA pAtayeyam' iti mantroccAradIkSitAH, ta eva vijayalakSmIpatayaH satatavRtasiddhivaijayantIkAH bhuvane cakAsati / ataeva bhagavatA zrIkRSNena bhagavadgItAyAM suspaSTaM svIyam abhimataM pratipAdyate yat karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana / mA karmaphalaheturbhUrmA te saGgo'stvakarmaNi // gItA 2-47 yadi yAthAtathyato vivicyate tahi zloko'yaM yajurvedamUlakameva / yajurvede procyate yat kurvanneveha karmANi jijIviSecchataM smaaH| evaM tvayi nAnyatheto'sti na karma lipyate nare // yaju0 40-2 niSkAma-karmayogaH kIdRzaM karma zreyovaham ? iti jijJAsAyAm uttaraM prastUyate yad anAsaktibhAvanayaiva kriyamANaM karma loka-paralokobhayasukhadamiti / anAsaktibhAvanayA kRtaM karma na ca bandhanahetuH, na ca duHkhasAdhanam / kartavyabuddhyA yad yad vidhIyate tat sadA sukhAvahameva / karmAdhInaM jIvanam / anAsakti

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam bhAvanAyA udayazca sAdhIyasI gati sAdhayati / ataevAnAsaktibhAvodaye gItAyAstAdRzo dRddhaanurodhH| anAsaktibhAvodaye ubhayathApi sukhAvAptiH / ucyate ca hato vA prApsyasi svarga jitvA vA bhokSyase mahIm / tasmAduttiSTha kaunteya yuddhAya kRtanizcayaH // gItA 2-37 sukhaduHkhe lAbhAlAbhe samabuddhitvameva yogabhAvanA vyavahriyate / tathocyate yogasthaH kuru karmANi saMgaM tyaktvA dhanaMjaya / siddhyasiddhyoH samo bhUtvA samatvaM yoga ucyate // gItA 2-42 karttavyabhAvanayA'nAsaktena ca yat karma kriyate tat karmakauzalamiti abhyupapadyate / etadeva paramo yoga ityucyate tasmAd yogAya yujyasva yogaH karmasu kauzalam / gItA 2-50 . prAkRtikA guNAH pratikSaNaM mAnavaM karmakaraNArtha prerayanti / etadevocyate nahi kazcit kSaNamapi jAtu tiSThatyakarmakRt / kAryate hyavazaH karma sarvaH prakRtijairguNaiH // gItA 3-5 karmayogam anAsthAya jIvananirvAho'pi duSkaraH, ataH karmaNo'nivAryatvaM prasidhyati / niyataM kuru karma tvaM karma jyAyo hykrmnnH| zarIrayAtrApi ca te na prsidhyedkrmnnH|| gItA 3-8 yaH kopi anAsakta: karmArabhate prayatate ca, sa mokSabhAg bhavati / tasmAdasaktaH satataM kArya karma smaacr| asakto hyAcaran karma paramApnoti puurussH|| gItA 3-19 karmaNaiva yatayo munayo'nAsaktadhiyazca jIvane sAphalyaM lebhire / janahitasAdhanAyApi karmaNo'nivAryatvaM sidhyati / uktaM ca karmaNaiva hi saMsiddhimAsthitA jnkaadyH| lokasaMgrahamevApi saMpazyan kartumarhasi // gItA 3-20 .. mahAyogI divyamAnavo'pi zrIkRSNaH karmaNo mahattvaM pratipAdayannAha yad yadyahaM na karma kuryAM tahi loke mAnavA na karma vidhAsyanti evaM saMkarasya kAraNaM bhvissyaami| utsIdeyurime lokA na kuryAM karma cedhm| saMkarasya ca kartA syAmupahanyAmimAH prajAH // gItA 3-24 / ataH sarvasyApi janasya kartavyaM yat sa karmaNi pravarteta / mumukSubhirapi kRtametat /

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karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana kuru karmaiva tasmAt tvaM pUrvaiH pUrvataraM kRtam / gItA 4-15 / anAsaktaH karma kurvan akarteva sadA duHkhavimukto mokSabhAk ca bhavati / tyaktvA karmaphalAsaGgaM nityatRpto niraashryH| karmaNyabhipravRtto'pi naiva kiMcit karoti saH / gItA 4-20 pravRtti-nivRttimArgayoH kataraH panthAH sAdhIyAniti jijJAsAyAM zrIkRSNaH svamatam upasthApayati yad nivRttimArgAt pravRttimArgaH zreyAn / saMnyAsaH karmayogazca niHzreyasakarAvubhau / tayostu karmasaMnyAsAt karmayogo viziSyate // gItA 5-2 evaM sidhyatitarAM yat karmayoga eva sAdhIyAn sukaraH sukhAvAptisAdhakazceti /

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13. nAsti sAMkhyasamaM jJAnam ( sAMkhyAbhimata-tattvamImAMsA ) vyaktAvyaktajJavijJAnAd duHkhadAvAgninAzanam / manojJaM kapilopajJaM, sAMkhyaM saMkhyAvatAM suhRt // ( kapilasya ) sAMkhya-zabdArthaH-sam-samyak, khyAtiH-vivekajJAnam, etadeva samyagvijJAnaM saaNkhyshbdenaabhidhiiyte| 'prakRti-puruSAnyatAkhyAtiH' prakRti-puruSayorbhedadarzanaM sAMkhyAbhimatam ityevAzritya darzanasyaitasya kRte sAMkhyazabdaH prayujyate / bhAgavate ( 3-35) idaM darzanaM 'tattva-saMkhyAnam' udIryate / mahAbhArate tattvagaNanAm AzrityedaM darzanaM sAMkhyam ityabhidhIyate / tathA coktaM mahAbhArate saMkhyAM prakurvate caiva prakRti ca prcksste|| tattvAni ca caturvizat tena sAMkhyAH prkiirtitaaH|| atra tattvAnAM saMkhyA gaNanA vA prastUyate, ataH sAMkhyam iti / sAMkhyAcAryAH-sAMkhyadarzanaM nitarAM prAcInaM darzanam / upaniSatsvapi darzanasyAsyA rAddhAntA yatra tatrAvalokyante / darzanasyaitasya praNetA AdividvAn kapilo vartate / 'AdividvAn' iti vizeSaNena samyag etadavadhAryate yat kapila: prAcInatamaH tattvajJo babhUva / sa granyaratnadvayasya praNetAGgIkriyate-tattvasamAsasya sAMkhyasUtrasya c| kapilasya kAlaviSaye vividhA viprtipttiH| sAMkhyasUtrasya ca samayanirdhAraNe na viduSAm aikamatyam / kapilasya ziSya Asuri: babhUva / na tatkRto granthaH sAmpratam upalabhyate / Asuri-ziSyaH paJcazikhaH 'SaSTitantra'-granthasya praNeteti vipazciddhiH svIkriyate / granthe'smin SaSTisahasraparimitAH zlokA Asan iti budhairabhyupapadyate / sAmpratam upalabhyamAneSu grantheSu IzvarakRSNa-kRtA 'sAMkhyakArikA' prAcInatamA vidyate / atra saptati-kArakAsu sarvamapi sAMkhyasiddhAntajAtaM saMkSipya pratipAditaM vartate / samayo'sya IsavIyazatAbdyAH prathamaH zatako'bhyupapadyate / granthasyAsya prAmANyaM lokapriyatAM cAzritya zaMkarAcAryo'pi sAMkhyamatapratipAdanArthaM sAMkhyakArikAmeva uddharati / asya granthasya vyAkhyAnabhUtAH sapta TIkAH santi / tatrApi vAcaspatimizrakRtA 'sAMkhyatattvakaumudI'-nAmnI TIkA prthittmaa| parakAlIneSu sAMkhyAcAryeSu vindhyavAsino vijJAnabhikSozca nAmanI vizeSata ullekhye stH| vijJAnabhikSurAcAryaH sAMkhyadarzanasya punaruddhArako gaNyate / ayaM sAMkhyasUtre sAMkhyapravacanabhASyaM prnninaay| so'yaM sAMkhyasya nirIzvaratvaM pratyAkhyAya sezvaratvaM sAdhu pratyasthApayat / . sAMkhyasya prAcInatvam-upaniSadAm adhyayanena sAMkhyasya prAcInatvam AlakSyate / zvetAzvatara-maitrAyaNI-kaThopaniSatsu ca sAMkhyarAddhAntA vikIrNAH

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nAsti sAMkhyasamaM jJAnam prApyante / yogena sahaiva sAMkhyasyollekha upalabhyate / 'tatkAraNaM sAMkhyayogAdhigamyam' ( zvetA06-13) / 'ajAmekAM lohita-zukla-kRSNAm0' (zvetA0 4-5) ityatra sAMkhyAbhimata-guNatrayasya pratipAdanaM prApyate / 'manasastu parA buddhibuddherAtmA mahAn paraH / mahataH paramavyaktam avyaktAt puruSaH paraH' ( kaTha0 1.3. 10-11) ityatra pratipAditaH kramaH sAMkhyarAddhAnte'pi svIkriyate / maitrAyaNyupaniSadi tanmAtrA-triguNa-prakRti-puruSa-vivekAdi-siddhAntAnAM varNanam Apyate / ato'vagamyate sAMkhyasiddhAntAnAM pratnatvam / sAMkhyatattvamImAMsA-sAMkhyadarzanAnusAraM puruSa-prakRti-nAmakaM tattvadvayameva nityatattvarUpeNa svIkriyate / yadi prakRti-vikRtyAdInAmapi saMgraho vidhIyate tarhi tattvAnAM saMkhyA paJcaviMzatiH ( 25 ) bhavati / eSAM tattvAnAM caturdhA vibhAgo vidhIyateH-(1) prakRtiH-kAraNamAtrameva, na tu kasyacid vastunaH kAryam / yathA-mUlaprakRtiH / iyameva pradhAnam, avyaktam iti cocyate / ( 2 ) vikRtiH yat tattvaM kevalaM kAryarUpaM bhavati, na tu kasyApi kAraNarUpam / IdRzAnAM tattvAnAM saMkhyA SoDaza (16) vartate / (3) prakRti-vikRtiH-kAnicit tattvAni ubhayavidhAni bhavanti-kAryarUpANi kAraNarUpANi ca / eSAM saMkhyA sapta (7) vartate / ( 4 ) na prakRtirna vikRtiH-na kAraNaM na ca kAryam / yathApuruSaH / ata evocyate sAMkhyakArikAyAm mUlaprakRtiravikRtirmahadAdyAH prakRtivikRtayaH sapta / SoDazakastu vikAro na prakRtirna vikRtiH puruSaH // (3) paJcaviMzatitattvAnAM vivaraNamevaM prastUyateH svarUpam saMkhyA vivaraNam (1) prakRtiH 1 mUlaprakRtiH, pradhAnam, avyaktaM vA / (2) vikRtiH 5 jJAnendriyANi, 5 karmendriyANi, 1 manaH / 5 mahAbhUtAni ca / (3) prakRti-vikRtiH 7 mahat tattvam, ahaMkAraH, 5 tnmaatraa| (4) na prakRtirna vikRtiH 1 purussH|| sRSTikramaH-prakRtipuruSayoH saMyogAt sRSTirjAyate / prakRtirjaDaH puruSazca niSkriyaH, ataH puruSasya kaivalyArthaM prakRtezca darzanArthaM paGgvandhavadubhayoH saMyogaH svIkriyate / tatazca spaSTyutpattirbhavati / puruSasya darzanArtha kaivalyArtha tathA pradhAnasya / paGgvandhavadubhayorapi saMyogastatkRtaH sargaH // (sAMkhyakArikA 21) sRSTeH prAg guNatrayaM sAmyAvasthAyAm avatiSThate / sati ca puruSa-prakRtisaMyoge guNeSu kSobhaH sNjaayte| guNakSobhe ca rajoguNe pravRttinimittakaM cAJcalyam utpadyate / tatazca sRSTayutpattikramaH pravartate / prakRtermahat-tattvasyotpattirbhavati /

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam mahata eva nAmAntaraM buddhirapyasti / buddhireva kartavyAkartavyaM vyavacchinatti, jJAta-jJeyaM vinizcinoti, svam aparaM ca prakAzayati / mahato'haMkArasyodbhavaH / ahaMbuddhireva 'ahaM kartA' 'idaM mama' ityAdi-svarUpAM matiM janayati / sAttvikAd ahaMkArAt paJca jJAnendriyANi, paJca karmendriyANi, manazceti ekAdazako gaNo jAyate / tAmasAd ahaMkArAcca zabda-sparza-rUpa-rasa-gandhAkhyAni paJca-tanmAtrANi prAdurbhavanti / ebhyaH paJca-tanmAtrebhyaH kramazaH AkAza-vAyu-agni-jala-pRthvInAmakAni paJcamahAbhUtAni samudbhavanti / uktaM ca prakRtemahAMstato'haMkArastasmAd gaNazca ssoddshkH| tasmAdapi SoDazakAt paJcabhyaH paJca bhUtAni // ( sAM0 kA0 22) kAryakAraNa-siddhAntaH-sAMkhyasya kaary-kaarnn-siddhaanto'nupmH| kiM kAryam, kiM kAraNam iti vipratipattau sAMkhyAbhimataM yat kArya-kAraNayorna tAttviko bhedaH / kAryasyAvyaktAvasthaiva kAraNam, kAraNasya ca vyaktAvasthaiva kAryam iti / tadyathA-ghaTo mRdrUpeNa kAraNam, mRcca ghaTarUpeNa pariNataM kAryam iti / abhAvAd bhAvotpattirna saMbhAvyate, na ca bhAvasya vinAzaH / etadeva gItAyAM prakArAntareNa nirdizyate nAsato vidyate bhAvo nAbhAvo vidyate stH|| (gItA 2-16) sAMkhyAnAmeSa eva rAddhAntaH 'satkAryavAdaH' 'pariNAmavAdaH' 'vikAravAdaH' ityAdinAmabhiH vyavahriyate / svAbhimata-saMpuSTau sAMkhyAcAryaiH yukti-paJcakaM prastUyate / asadakaraNAdupAdAnagrahaNAt sarvasaMbhavAbhAvAt / zaktasya zakyakaraNAt kAraNabhAvAcca satkAryam // ( sAMkhyakArikA 9) asadakaraNAt-asad vastu kenApi prakAreNa sat kartuM na zakyate / upAdAnagrahaNAt-pratyekavastulAbhAya tadupAdAnakAraNameva gRhyate / yathA-paTalAbhAya tantavaH, dadhilAbhAya dugdhaM vaa| sarvasaMbhavAt-nahi sarvasmAd vastunaH sarvam vastu upalabhyate / zaktasya zakyakaraNAt-samarthAt kAraNAdeva tadvidhakAryopalabdhirbhavati / kAraNabhAvActra-kAryakAraNayoraikyaM tAttvikam / avyaktAvasthAyAM tadeva kAraNam, vyaktAvasthAyAM ca tat kAryamiti / evaM sAMkhyaiH satkAryavAdaH prastUyate / prakRtirguNatrayaM ca sarvasyAsya jagato mUlakAraNaM mUlaprakRtiH prakRti vartate / prakRtizca triguNAtmikA / sattvaM rajaH tamazceti guNatrayam / sattvaM sukhAtmakam, rajo duHkhAtmakam, tamazca mohAtmakam / svarUpadRSTyA sattvaM laghu prakAzakaM cAste, rajaH pravartakaM caJcalaM ca, tamastu guru AvarakaM ca / yathA dIpe tailaM vartikA jyotizca viruddhaguNavanti santyapi parasparopayogitAM dadhati, tathaiva viruddhaguNabhAz2o'pi guNAH parasparasahakAritvena kArya niSpAdayanti, uktaM ca

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47 nAsti sAMkhyasamaM jJAnam sattvaM laghu prakAzakamiSTamupaSTambhakaM calaM ca rjH|| 'guru varaNakameva tamaH pradIpavaccArthato vRttiH // ( sAM0 kA0 13) pramANAniH-sAMkhyAcAryaiH pramANatrayam urIkriyate-pratyakSam, anumAnaM zabdazceti / indriyArthasaMnikarSotpannaM jJAnaM pratyakSam / tacca dvividham-nirvi- . kalpakaM savikalpakaM ceti / vyApya-vyApaka-jJAnapUrvakam anumAnam / anvayamukhena pravRttam anumAnaM 'vItam' / tacca dvividham pUrvavat, sAmAnyatodRSTaM ca / vyatirekamukhena pravRttam anumAnam 'aviitm'| tacca 'zeSavat' / AptavacanaM ca zabdaH / upamAna-arthApatti-abhAvAdi-pramANAnAM pramANatvaM nAGgIkriyate sAMkhyaiH / tathA ca prativiSayAdhyavasAyo dRSTaM trividhamanamAnamAkhyAtam / talliGgaliGgipUrvakam AptazrutirAptavacanaM tu // (sAM0kA05) puruSaH--puruSastriguNAtItaH, viveko, viSayo, vizeSaH cetanaH, aprasavadharmI ca / caitanyarUpaH saH / so'vikArI, kUTasthaH, nityaH, sarvavyApakazca / sa jagataH sAkSimAtraH kaivalyasaMpanno madhyastho draSTA akartA ca / puruSa-siddhayai yuktipaJcakam upasthApyate sAMkhyaiH-prAkRtikapadArthasamUhasya parArthatvAt, traiguNyabhinnatvAt, adhiSThAnatvAt, prakRteH bhoktRtvAt, kaivalyArthaM pravRttezca / / saMghAtaparArthatvAt triguNAdiviparyayAdadhiSThAnAt / puruSo'sti bhoktRbhAvAta kaivalyArthaM pravRttezca // ( sA0 kA0 17) sAMkhyaiH pratipuruSaM bhinnaH puruSaH 'jIvAtmeti' sviikriyte| ataH puruSabahutvaM svIkriyate taiH / janmanidhanendriyANAM pratipuruSabhedadarzanAt, sarveSAm ekakAla-pravRttyabhAvAt, sattvAdiguNAnAM bhedadarzanAcca puruSa-bahutvaM manyate sAMkhyaiH / jananamaraNakaraNAnAM prati niyamAdayugapatpravRttezca / puruSa-bahutvaM siddhaM traiguNyaviparyayAccaiva // ( sAM0 kA0 18 ) - IzvaraH-IzvarAsiddheH, pramANAbhAvAnna tat siddhiH, saMbandhAbhAvAnnAnumAnam / ( sAMkhyasUtra 1-92, 5-10, 5-11), iti sAMkhyasUtrAnusAraM sAMkhyasya nirIzvaratvaM sAdhyate / AcAryoM vijJAnabhikSuH sAMkhyasya sezvaratvaM sAdhayati / tatsaMnidhAnAdadhiSThAtRtvaM maNivat ( sAM0 sUtra 1-96 ) Izvarasya saMnidhimAtreNa prakRtau caitanyaM vyApArazca, yathA cumbakasAMnidhyena lauhe / ____ apavargaH-puruSaH svato'saMgo muktazca, avivekena tasya prakRtisaMyogaH, bandhanaM c| vivekena duHkhanivRttiH / 'dvayorekatarasya vA audAsInyamapavargaH' puruSasya prakRti-pArthakyaM svarUpAvasthAnaM vA apavargaH / muktidvividhA-jIvanmuktividehamuktizca / tattvAnAM sUkSmAtisUkSmavivecanAdeva sAMkhyasya sarvadarzanAtizAyitvam abhyupapadyate /

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14. ekaM sAMkhyaM ca yogaM ca yaH pazyati sa pazyati (sAMkhyayogayoH sAmyaM vaiSamyaM ca ) zrImadbhagavadgItAyAM zrIkRSNena pratipAdyate yat sAMkhyayogau na pRthaktvena vartete, yatohi dvayorekamuddezyam, ekA paddhatiH, kartavyamImAMsA ekarUpeNa ca tttvmiimaaNsaa| kecana dArzanikAH sAMkhyayogayorbhedaM manvate / te'tattvajJA ityevaM bhagavatA kRSNena te dhrnnynte| yadi yathArthato vivicyate tahi dRzyate yalloke dvividhA mAnavA vartante / eke jJAnayogino'pare karmayoginazca / ye buddhijIvinaste jJAnayogaM prazaMsanti, taM mArgamevAnusaranti ca / te nivRttimArgam anusRtya brahmatattvaM jijJAsanti / ye karmajIvinaH santi te karmayogaM prazaMsanti / ataeva gItAyAM dvitIye'dhyAye ubhayavidhasya yogasya varNanam avApyate / sAMkhyasaMmatasya jJAnayogasya varNanaM kriyate yat sukhaduHkhe same kRtvA lAbhAlAbhau jayAjayo / tato yuddhAya yujyasva naivaM pApamavApsyasi // gItA0 2-38 tatazca varNyate yat sAMkhyAnusAraM pUrvamuktam / sAmprataM karmayogo varNyateeSA te'bhihitA sAMkhye buddhioMge tvimAM shRnnu| buddhacA yukto yayA pArtha karmabandhaM prahAsyasi // gItA0 2-39 sAMkhyayogayoH ekoddezyatvam-sAMkhyayogayoH . ekamuddezyam-duHkhapraNAzena brahmasAkSAtkAro mokSAdhigamazca / dvayorapi darzanayoretasyaiva svarUpaM paddhatiH vivaraNaM ca vizadIkriyante / ekamapi mArgam Asthito jano brahmaprAptirUpaM phalam aznute / ataeva bhagavatA kRSNena pratipAdyate yat sAMkhyayogau pRthagbAlAH pravadanti na pnndditaaH| ekamapyAsthitaH samyagubhayovindate phalam // gItA0 5-4 / ye vipazcitaH sAMkhyayogayoH apRthaktvam avadhArayanti ta eva nizcapracaM darzanatattvajJAH / ye dvayorbhedaM nizcinvate te atattvajJAH / ataevocyate yatsAMkhyaiH prApyate sthAnaM tad yogairapi gmyte| ekaM sAMkhyaM ca yogaM ca yaH pazyati sa pazyati // gItA0 5-5 tattvamImAMsA-tattvamImAMsAdRSTayA dvayorapi darzanayoraikyaM samavalokyate / sAMkhyAnusAraM prmaanntrym-prtykssaanumaanaagmaaH| yogadarzane'pi etat pramANatrayam aGgIkriyate / prakAzakriyAsthitizIlaM bhUtendriyAtmakaM bhogApavargArtha dRzyam / yogadarzana 2-18

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ekaM sAMkhyaM ca yogaM ca yaH pazyati 0 asmin sUtre sattvaM rajastamazceti guNatrayam, ekAdazendriyANi, bhUtAni, sAMkhyAbhimatAni svIkriyate / vizeSAvizeSa liGgamAtrAliGgAni guNaparvANi / yoga0 2 - 19 atra prakRtermaMhattattvasya tanmAtrANAm ekAdazendriyANAM paJcabhUtAnAM ca varNanaM prApyate / 49 paJca draSTA dRzimAtraH zuddho'pi pratyayAnupazyaH / yoga0 2 - 20 atra sAkSirUpasya puruSasya varNanaM vartate / tadartha eva dRzyasyAtmA / yoga0 2 - 21 atra puruSasya bhoktRtvaM prakRtezca bhogyatvaM svIkriyate / svasvAmizaktyoH svarUpopalabdhihetuH saMyogaH // yoga0 2-23 atra svarUpolabdhyai puruSa - prakRtyoH saMyogo varNyate / dRzyasyopalabdhirbhogaH, draSTuH puruSasya svarUpopalabdhiH apavargaH / tasya heturavidyA | yoga0 2 - 24 avidyaiva puruSaprakRtyorabhedaM saMsthApayati / tattvajJAnena tayoH svarUpajJAne bhede cAvadhArite pradhAna - puruSAnyatAkhyAtirbhavati / tadaiva ca mokSAdhigamaH / sattvapuruSAnyatAkhyAtimAtrasya sarvabhAvAdhiSThAtRtvaM sarvajJAtRtvaM ca / yoga0 3 - 49 sAMkhyAbhimatAni 25 tattvAni yoge'pi svIkriyante / vivekajJAnameva muktisAdhanam, etadevobhayatra manyate / dvayorapi matena puruSasya svAtantryaM svIkriyate / puruSaH zuddha-buddha - mukta - svabhAvo manyate / sAMkhyasUtre 'IzvarAsiddheH ' ( sAM0 sUtra 1 - 92 ) ityAzritya sAMkhyasya nirIzvaratvaM yogasya ca sezvaratva - miti vacanaM bhrAntimUlakameva / sAMkhye upAdAnakAraNarUpeNa nimittakAraNarUpeNa cezvarasyAsiddhiH pratipAdyate / yoge'pi nimittakAraNarUpeNa na sa svIkriyate / tatsaMnidhAnAdadhiSThAtRtvaM maNivat / sAM0 sU0 1-96 sUtre'smin sphuTaM pratipAdyate yad Izvaro maNivat svAdhiSThAnamAtreNa jagat prakAzayati, jagato'dhiSThAtA ca / ataH sAMkhyasya nirIzvaratvakathanaM bhrAntimUlakameva / Izvarasya sAkSitvAdikaM zvetAzvataropaniSadyapi vizadaM pratipAdyate / eko devaH sarvabhUteSu gUDhaH sarvavyApI sarvabhUtAntarAtmA / karmAdhyakSaH sarvabhUtAdhivAsaH sAkSI cetA kevalo nirguNazca // zvetA0 6-11 tatraiva sphuTaM pratipAdyate yat sa IzvaraH sAMkhya-yogayorjJAnena jJAyate / evam ubhayorapi darzanayoH sezvaratvaM sidhyati / 4

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- saMskRtanibandhazatakam nityo nityAnAM cetanazcetanAnAmeko bahUnAM yo vidadhAti kAmAn / tatkAraNaM sAMkhyayogAdhigamyaM jJAtvA devaM mucyate srvpaashaiH|| zvetA06-13 sAMkhyayogayona pAramArthiko bhedaH / vyaktAvyaktajJa-vijJAnasya yat saiddhAntikaM rUpaM sAMkhye prApyate, tasyaiva vyAvahArika rUpaM yoge prApyate / ekasyaiva tattvajJAnasya sAMkhyadarzanaM siddhAntapakSaH, yogadarzanaM ca vyAvahArikaH pkssH| evam ubhaye'pi paraspara-saMbaddhe, anyonyapUrake, ekalakSyapravaNe ca staH / sAMkhyasyotkarSatvaM nirIkSyaiva mahAbhArate bhAgavatapurANe ca sAMkhyadarzanaM stUyate jJAnaM mahada yaddhi mahatsu rAjan vedeSu sAMkhyeSu tathaiva yoge| yaccApi dRSTaM vividhaM purANe, sAMkhyAgataM tannikhilaM narendra // __ mahA0 zAntiparva yasyeritA sAMkhyamayI dRDheha nauryayA mumukSustarate duratyayam // bhAgavata0 9-8-14 mahAbhAratAnusAraM yoge purANAdiSu ca yajjJAnaM prApyate tat sAMkhyAdAgataM jJeyam / bhAgavatAnusAraM ca sAMkhyapaddhatirmokSAdhigamAya dRDhA nauketi / AcAryamATharo'pi mATharavRttau kapilaM stuvannAha kapilAya namastasmai yenAvidyodadhau jagati mgne| ___ kAruNyAt sAMkhyamayI nauriha vihitA prataraNAya // mAThara-vRtti dvayorapi darzanayorbAhyArthasya svatantrasattA svIkriyate / dve api darzane jagato vAstavikatAM svIkurutaH / gItAyAM sAMkhyayogayorekarUpatAM svIkurvatA ucyate loke'smin dvividhA niSThA purA proktA myaangh| jJAnayogena sAMkhyAnAM karmayogena yoginAm // gItA 3-3 evaM sAMkhyayogayoH sAmyaM lakSyate / dvayoryad vaiSamyaM tanna siddhAntamUlam, api tu prayogamUlaM prakriyArUpaM ca / sAMkhye buddhiyogaH yoge karmayogaH, ekatra jJAnamArgo'paratra karmamArgaH, ekatra tattvacintanena mokSo'paratra samAdhiprayogeNa, ekatra buddhizuddhiraparatra kAyAdizuddhipUrvam cittavRttinirodhaH, ekatra mAnasaH zramo'nyatra zArIraH zrama ityevaM vaiSamyamapi lakSyate / param ekasyaiva tattvadarzanasya pakSAntarAzrayaNena dvayordarzanayoH sRSTiH / evaM sidhyati ekaM sAMkhyaM ca yogaM ca yaH pazyati sa pazyati /

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15. nAsti yogasamaM balam ( yoga - tattvamImAMsA ) - yogasya svarUpam -- 'yogazcittavRttinirodhaH' ( yoga0 1-2 ) / cittavRttInAM nirodhenaiva yogasya saMsiddhiH / avasthAyAmasyAM jIvaH svarUpam adhitiSThati / cittasya paJca bhUmayaH - ' kSiptaM mUDhaM vikSiptam ekAgraM niruddhamiti cittabhUmayaH' ( vyAsabhASya 1 - 1 ) / tatra kSiptaM mUDhaM vikSiptamiti bhUmitrayaM yogAnupakAri / ekAgre citte bahirvRttInAM nirodhena saMprajJAtaH samAdhira bhISyate / niruddhe cetasi sarvAsAM vRttInAM saMskArANAM ca nirodhena asaMprajJAtaH samAdhiH sidhyati / cittavRttayaH - kAstAH cittavRttaya iti jijJAsAyAM pataJjalirbrUtevRttayaH paJcatayyaH kliSTAkliSTAH / yoga0 1-5 pramANa - viparyaya-vikalpa-nidrA-smRtayaH / yoga0 1-6 :-pramANa paJcApi vRttayaH kliSTA akliSTAzca / klezahetukAH kliSTAH, khyAti - viSayA guNAdhikAra- virodhinyazca akliSTAH / paJca vRttaya santiH - viparyaya-vikalpa-nidrA-smRti - nAmadheyA: / ( 1 ) tatra pramANAni vINi- pratyakSaanumAna - Agama ( zabda ) - nAmakAni / ( 2 ) viparyayo mithyAjJAnam avidyA vA / seyam avidyA paJcavidhA - avidyA'smitA - -rAga-dveSAbhinivezeti paJcaklezasamAyuktA / ete eva paJca klezAH - tamas - moha-mahAmoha - tAmisra - andhatAmisrA iti kathyante / ( 3 ) 'zabdajJAnAnupAtI vastuzUnyo vikalpa : ' (1-9 ), yathA- rAhoH ziraH, zaza-zRGgam, caitanyaM puruSasya svarUpam iti vA / ( 4 ) ' abhAva pratyayAlambanA vRttirnidrA' ( 1-10 ) abhAvabodhasvarUpA tamomUlA ca vRttinidrA / (5) 'anubhUta viSayAsampramoSaH smRtiH' ( 1 - 11 ) anubhUtaviSayAnurUpA vRttiH smRtirityucyate / vRttibhiH saMskArAH kriyante, saMskAraizca vRttaya iti vRttisaMskArayozcakram anizaM parivartate / vRttayazcitte kSayAvasthAM saMprAptAH saMskArarUpeNAvatiSThante / vRttInAM nirodhe saMskArANAmapi nirodho jAyate / sarvA apyetA vRttayo niroddhavyAH / AsAM nirodhe saMprajJAto'saMprajJAto vA samAdhirniSpadyate / dvividho yogaH - saMprajJAtaH asamprajJAtazca / yazcittasya ekAgratAvasthAyAM sadbhUtamarthaM prakAzayati, klezAn zamayati, karmabandhanAni zithilayati, nirodhAvasthAm abhimukhaM karoti, sa saMprajJAto nAma yogaH / saMprajJAtaH samAdhiH sabIja: samAdhirayucyate, atra bIjasyAvalambanasya vA sadbhAvAt / saMprajJAto yogazcatuvidho bhavati-vitarkAnugataH, vicArAnugataH, AnandAnugataH, asmitAnugatazceti / sarvavRttInAM nirodhe asamprajJAtaH samAdhiH / ayameva nirbIjaH samAdhirapyucyate, atra bojasyAvalambanasya vA asadbhAvAt / asaMprajJAtaH samAdhirdvidhAbhavapratyayaH, upAyapratyayazceti / jJAnonmeSAbhAvena videhAnAM prakRtilInAnAM ca

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam . bhavapratyayaH samAdhiH / 'bhavapratyayo videhaprakRtilayAnAm' ( 1-19) / 'zraddhA-vIrya . smRti-samAdhi-prajJApUrvaka itareSAm' (1-20), zraddhA-vIrya-smRti-samAdhi-prajJA-sama vetAnAm upAyapratyayaH smaadhiH| upAyapratyaye prajJAyA udayAt saMskArANAM . dAhAcca vyutthAnAzaGkA na saMbhavati / upAyapratyaya eva vAstavikaH samAdhiH / paJca klezAH-klezApagamenaiva yogamArga-prasUtiH / klezA vighnasvarUpAH / 'avidyAsmitA-rAga-dveSAbhinivezAH paJca klezAH' (2-3 ) / asmitAdiklezacatuSTayasya mUlam avidyaiva / 'anityAzuciduHkhAnAtmasu nitya-zuci-sukhAtmakhyAtiravidyA' ( yoga0 2-5 ) / anitye nityabuddhiH, azucau zucibuddhiH, duHkhe sukhabuddhiH, anAtmani Atmabuddhizca avidyaiva / 'dRgdarzanazaktyorekAtmataivAsmitA' (2-6) / dRgdarzanazaktyoH puruSa-buddhayoH ekAtmatArUpeNa jJAnam asmitA / 'sukhAnuzayI rAgaH' (2-7), sukhajanakeSu vastuSu tRSNA rAga iti / 'duHkhAnuzAyI dveSaH' (2-8), duHkhadeSu vastuSu krodha parijihIrSA vA dveSa iti / mRtyubhItiH abhiniveza iti / eSAM praNAzenaiva yogAbhirucistatsAphalyaM ca / yogAGgAni-yogAGgAni samAdhim adhijigAMsUnAM kartavyamImAMsA bodhayanti / yogasAphalyAya kAyasya manasa indriyANAM ca zuddhirabhISTA / tadartha sAdhanASTakaM yogasUtre pratipAdyate / etad yogAGganAmnA vyavahriyate / yama-niyamAsana-prANAyAma-pratyAhAra-dhAraNA-dhyAna-samAdhayo'STAvaGgAni / yoga02-29 (1) yamAH-'ahiMsA-satyAsteyabrahmacaryAparigrahA yamAH' (2-30), ahiMsAdipaJcakaM yama-nAmnA vyavahriyate / ahiMsA-sarvabhUtAnAm anabhidrohaH / satyam-vAGmanasayoH ekarUpatA / yathAdRSTazrutasya tadrUpeNAbhivyaktiH / asteyamcauryAbhAvaH, paradravyasya aharaNaM vaa| brahmacaryam-jitendriyatA, indriyavazIkaraNaM ca |aprigrhH-bhautikvissyaannaaN parihAraH / yamA hyete dezakAlAdyanavicchinnAH sArvabhaumA mahAvrata manyante / 'jAti-deza-kAla-samayAnavacchinnAH sArvabhaumA mahAvratam' (2-31) (2) niyamAH--'zauca-saMtoSa-tapaH-svAdhyAyayezvarapraNidhAnAni niyamAH ( 2-32 ) / tatra zaucaM-bAhyAbhyantara-zuddhiH / santoSa:-yathAprAptena santuSTiH / tapa:-sukhaduHkha-zokaharSAdidvandvAnAM sahanam / svAdhyAyaH-adhyAtmaparANAM zAstrIyAnAM ca granthAnAm adhyayanaM praNavasya japo vaa| IzvarapraNidhAnaM-Izvaracintanam IzvarArpaNaM ca / / (3) Asanam-'sthirasukhamAsanam' (2-46 ) sthiratayA dIrghakAlaM yAvat sukhena niSadanam Asanamiti / padmAsana-siddhAsana-zorSAsanAdIni yogA. sanAnyatra saMgRhyante / yogAsanaiH kAyarogacikitsApi saMjAyate /

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nAsti yogasamaM balam . (4) prANAyAmaH-tasmin sati zvAsaprazvAsayorgativicchedaH prANAyAmaH ( 2-49 ) / bAhyasya vAyorAcamanaM zvAsaH, antargatavAyoniHsAraNaM ca prazvAsaH, tayorgativicchedaH prANAyAmaH sa ca caturvidhaH-pUrakaH-gRhItazvAsasya antanirodhaH / recaka:-antargataprazvAsasya bahinirodhaH / bAhyakumbhaka:-bahiniruddhasya vAyorbahireva yAvacchakyaM nirodhaH / Abhyantarakumbhaka:antaniruddhasya vAyorantareva yAvacchakyaM nirodhaH / prANayAmena zarIramalaprakSayaH zarIrazuddhi rogyaM ca / bhastrikayA yathA dhAtumalaM saMzodhyate tathaiva zarIramalaM prANAyAmena zodhyate / uktaM ca manunA dahyante dhmAyamAnAnAM dhAtUnAM hi yathA mlaaH| tathendriyANAM dahyante doSAH prANasya nigrahAt // manu06-11 ( 5 ) pratyAhAraH-'svaviSayAsaMprayoge cittasya svAnukAra ivendriyANAM pratyAhAraH' ( 2-54 ) / indriyANAM svaviSayebhyo nivRttiH antarmukhI vRttizca pratyAhAra ityabhidhIyate / etasmAd indriyANAM vazitvam upapadyate / yamAdIni paJca yogAGgAni bahiraGgasAdhanAni manyante, dhAraNA-dhyAna-samAdhayazceti trayo'ntaraGgasAdhanAnIti / (6) dhAraNA-'dezabandhazcittasya dhAraNA' ( 3-1) / hRtkamale nAsikAgre, bhrUmadhye, anyatra vA kasmiMzcit nirdiSTe sthAne cittasyaikAgratA dhAraNeti vyavahriyate / dhAraNayA manaso nigrahaH, ekAgratayA viSayaikye manaso'bhirucizca pravartate / (7) dhyAnam--'tatra pratyayakatAnatA dhyAnam' ( 3-2) / ekAgrIkRte citte dhyeyasya vastunaH ekAkArarUpeNa pravAho dhyAnamityucyate / ekasyaiva vastunaH aikAgryeNa cetasA cintanaM tallInatvaM ca dhyAnamityanena saMsUcyate / (8) samAdhiH--'tadevArthamAtranirbhAsaM svarUpazUnyamiva samAdhiH' ( 3-3 ) / samyag AdhIyateM ekAgrIkriyate vikSepAn parityajya mano yatra sa samAdhiH / yadA dhyAnaM dhyeyAkArarUpaM svarUpazanyamiva vA bhavati tadA samAdhirityucyate / samAdhyavasthAyAM dhyAna-dhyAtR-dhyeyAnAm ekarUpatA saMpadyate / dhAraNA-dhyAna-samAdhayaH trayametat 'saMyamaH' ityucyate / 'trayamekatra saMyamaH' ( 3-4 ) / 'tajjayAt prajJAlokaH' ( 3-5) saMyamasya vazIkaraNena vivekakhyAteH tattvajJAnasya vA samudayaH saMjAyate / evam aSTAGgayogasAdhanena sAdhakaH svacittavRttinirodhAd aikAntikam AtyantikaM ca sukhaM vindati mokSam cAdhigacchati / ataeva pataJjalestattvajJatAM prazaMsayannAha kaviH yogena cittasya padena vAcAM, malaM zarIrasya ca vaidyakena / yo'pAkarot taM pravaraM munInAM, pataJjaliM prAJjalirAnato'smi // .'

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16. brahma satyaM jaganmithyA ( sarva khalvidaM brahma) brahmaNaH svarUpam-AdhivyAdhiparipIDito jarAjanma-maraNAdiduHkha-dAvAgnidagdhaH, klezAyAsaviSaNNaH, ajJAnAndhatamasanimIlitanayanaH, bhautika-viSayAyAsitAntaro jIva AnandAvAptaye mokSAdhigamAya trividhatApavinAzAya mohApahArAya ca jagaccharaNyaM zuddha-buddha-mukta-svabhAvaM jagadIzvaram Azrayate / jagadIzvaro vedAntamatena brahmetyAkhyAyate / tasya brahmaNaH svarUpam upaniSatsu bahudhA pratipAdyate / mANDUkyopaniSadi tatsvarUpaM nigadyate yat eSa sarvezvara eSa sarvajJa eSo'ntaryAmyeSa yoniH sarvasya prabhavApyayau hi bhUtAnAm / 6 / nAntaHprajaM na bahiHprajJaM nobhayataHprajJaM adRSTamavyavahAryamagrAhyam" ekAtmapratyayasAraM prapaJcopazamaM zAntaM zivamadvaitaM caturtha manyante sa AtmA sa vijeyH||maanndduukyopnissd / 7 sa paramAtmA advitIyaH sarvavyApakaH sarvAntaryAmI sAkSo caitanyasvarUpo nirgaNazceti / na tatsamazcAbhyadhikazca kazcana / asya zaktirapUrvA vividhagaNamayI ca / sa eva UrNanAbha iva mAyayA sakalaM jagat sRjatyavati saMharati ca / uktaM ca eko devaH sarvabhUteSu gUDhaH sarvavyApI srvbhuutaantraatmaa| karmAdhyakSaH sarvabhUtAdhivAsaH sAkSI cetA nirguNo niSkriyazca // - zvetA06-11 na tasya kArya karaNaM ca vidyate na tatsamazcAbhyadhikazca dRzyate / parAsya zaktivividhaiva zrUyate svAbhAvikI jJAnabalakriyA ca // zvetA0 6-8 yastUrNanAbha iva tantubhiH pradhAnajaiH svbhaavtH|| deva ekaH svamAvRNoti sa no dadhAtu brahmAvyayam // zvetA0 6-10 tasyaiva tejasA nikhilaM jagad dyotate / sa eva prakAzAnAmapi prakAzaH, tejasAM tejazca / sUryacandratArakAdayo na tasya prakAzane prabhavaH / agnyAdInAM tu kA kthaa| na tatra sUryo bhAti na candratArakaM nemA vidyuto bhAnti kuto'ymgniH| tameva bhAntamanu bhAti savaM tasya bhAsA sarvamidaM vibhAti // zvetA06-14 sa evaiko vizvarUpaH sarvadevamayazceti bahudhA varNyate / uktaM ca

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brahma satyaM jaganmithyA 55 agniryathaiko bhuvanaM praviSTo rUpaM rU pratirUpo babhUva / ekastathA sarvabhUtAntarAtmA rUpaM rUpaM pratirUpo bahizca // kaTha0 2-5-9 tadevAgnistadAdityastadvAyustadu cndrmaaH| tadeva zukraM tadbrahma tadApastat prjaaptiH|| zvetA04-2 brahma satyam-kiM satyaM kim asatyaM mithyA vA, iti jijJAsAyAm AcAryaH zrIzaMkaro'bhidhatte yad-'yad rUpeNa yannizcitaM tad rUpaM na vyabhicarati tat stym'| arthAt yad vastu zAzvatikaM parivartanarahitam avinazvaraM ca tat satyam, ato'nyad asatyaM mithyA vA / evaM cintanena sidhyati yad jagad asatyaM jagataH parivartanazIlatvAt / brahma ca satyaM zAzvatikam aparivartanazIlam, ataH tasya satyatA na kenApi rUpeNAkSeptuM shkyaa| vedAntadarzane brahma nirvikalpaM nirupAdhi nirvikAraM ceti urarIkriyate / tad brahma dvividhaM nirguNaM saguNaM ca / nirguNaM brahma paramArthadRSTayA saccidAnandasvarUpam / tadeva jagataH prakAzakam / tatsattayaiva sUryacandrAdikaM prakAzate / ajJAnopAdhyavacchinnaM brahma saguNarUpatAm Apadyate / tadeva nAmarUpAdibhedena nAnAdevatArUpatAm AsAdayati / tathA ca kaThopaniSadi svIkriyate ekastathA sarvabhUtAntarAtmA rUpaM rUpaM pratirUpo bahizca / kaTha0 2-5-10 ekaM rUpaM bahudhA yaH karoti / kaTha0 2-5-12 tasya brahmaNo'vidyopAdhyavacchinnaM kAraNazarIraM samaSTirUpeNa 'IzvaraH' vyaSTirUpeNa ca 'prAjJaH' jIvo vA manyate / tasyaiva jJAnena sarva vijJAyate / tadeva jagati otaM protaM ca / brahmakatvajJAne ca na moho na zokaH / na ca tadanyad vastvantaram / etadeva zrutiSu bahudhA pratipAdyate ___ 'IzAvAsyamidaM sarvam' ( Iza0 1), 'aitadAtmyamidaM sarvam, 'yasmin vijJAte sarva vijJAtaM bhavati', 'sa AtmA tattvamasi zvetaketo' ( chAndogya0), 'tatra ko mohaH kaH zoka ekatvamanupazyataH' (Iza0 7), mRtyoH sa mRtyumApnoti ya iha nAnena pshyti'|| jaganmithyA-vedAntanusAraM jaganmithyeti manyate / viSaye'smin baDhyo vipratipattayo vartante / vedAntAnusAraM mAyAyAH zaktidvayam-AvaraNavikSepanAmakam / AvaraNa-zaktibrahmaNaH zuddhasvarUpam AvRNoti / vikSepazaktizca tatra AkAzAdiprapaJcaM sRjati / vizadIkRtaM caitad dRgdRzyaviveke: zaktidvayaM hi mAyAyA vikSepAvRtirUpakam / vikSepazaktiliGgAdibrahmANDAntaM jagatsRjet // antardRgdRzyayorbhedaM bahizca brhmsrgyoH| AvRNotyaparA zaktiH sA saMsArasya kAraNam // dRgdRzyazloka 13, 15

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam mAyaiva avidyA-ajJAna-adhyAsa-adhyAropa-vivartAdizabdaivya'vahriyate / ajJAnopAdhyavacchinnaM sthUlaM zarIraM vyaSTirUpaM sad vizvaM jagad vA bhavati / tattvadazA cintanena parivartanazIlatvAd vinAzitvAcca jagad mithyetyucyate / vedAntAnusAraM trividhA sattA svIkriyate-prAtibhAsikI, vyAvahArikI, pAramArthikI ca / prAtibhAsikI sattA kiMcitkAlAvasthAyinI, pazcAt pratibAdhitA ca / yathA-rajjau sarpabuddhiH, zuktau rajatabuddhizca / vyAvahArikI sattA jgd-vyvhaarprdhaanaa| nAmarUpAtmakaM jagad vyavahAradRSTayaiva satyam, paramArthadRSTyA asatyaM mithyA vaa| jagad vipariNAmi nazvaraM parivartanarmi azAzvataM ceti avadhArya asatyaM mithyA vetyucyate, na tu laukikajJAnanirmalatA''pAdanAya / pAramArthikI sattA sA yA na kvacid vyApadyate vihanyate vaa| yat tattvato'kSaraM zAzvataM vA tadeva pAramArthikaM satyam / evaM brahmaiva kevalaM pAramArthikI sttaa| tAttvikadRSTyaiva jaganmithyeti vedAntavidAm abhimatam / vyavahAradRSTayA tu tadanubhUtirna nirmuulaa| jIvo brahmaiva nAparaH--ajJAnopAdhyavacchinnaM vyaSTirUpaM sat kAraNazarIraM prAjJo jIvo vetyAkhyAyate / samaSTerIzvarasya vyaSTirUpo jIvaH / sarvajJatvAlpajJatvAdibhedena brahmajIvAtmano daH / AtmatattvarUpeNa caitanyarUpeNa ca tayorabhedaH / ataeva 'tat tvamasi' iti mahAvAkyena jIva-brahmaNoraikyaM pratipAdyate / sarvajJatvAlpajJatvAdibhedavAraNena tayoraikAtmyam / ekasyaiva tattvasya samaSTi-vyaSTirUpeNa nAmAntaraM brahmajIvAtmAnau iti / brahmasAkSAtkAre dvayoraikyasyAnubhUteH 'tat tvamasi' iti saMgacchate / atra bhAgalakSaNAyA jahadajahallakSaNAyA vA svIkaraNAd brahmajIvayorekatvaM sAdhyate / surezvarAcAryo naiSkarmyasiddhau etadeva pratipAdayatiH sAmAnAdhikaraNyaM ca vishessnnvishessytaa| lakSyalakSaNasaMbandhaH padArthapratyagAtmanAm // naiSkarmyasiddhi 3-3 paJcadazyAM vidyAraNyaH 'tattvamasi' ityasya mahAvAkyasya akhaNDaikarasatvameva vAkyAthaM vivaNate / uktaM ca saMsargo vA viziSTo vA vAkyArtho nAtra sNmtH| akhaNDaikarasatvena vAkyArtho viduSAM mtH|| paJcadazI 7-75 evaM sukaram etad abhidhAtuM yadbrahma satyaM jaganmithyA jIvo brahmaiva naaprH||

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17. vAkyaM rasAtmakaM kAvyam ( kAvya-lakSaNam ) bhAvAnubhUtimad vAkyaM rasavad dhvanisaMgatam / guNAlaMkArasaMjuSTaM kAvyaM ramyArthadyotakam // ( kapilasya ) kAvyasyoddezyam :-asAre'smin saMsAre duHkha- dAvAgni- dagdhasya AdhivyAdhi- prapIDitasya pApAdiviSaNNasya mAyAmoha - bhrAntacetaso mAnavavRndasya manaHsantApanivAraNAya cetaH prasAdAya sukhAvAptaye ca vidvaddhaureyAH tattvajJAH kAvyazAstranAmakaM ratnaM vAGmayamahodadheH sArabhUtam udadIdharan / ratnametat caturvargAvAptisAdhanaM brahmAnandasahodaraM rasam AsvAdyatayA janayad gauravam alabhata / kAvyaM hi yazase'rthalAbhAya vyavahArajJAnAya pApavinAzAya paramAnandalAbhAya kAntAsaMmita-kartavyopadezAya ca prazasyate / uktaM ca mammaTena-- kAvyaM yazase'rthakRte vyavahAravide zivetarakSataye / sadyaH para- nirvRtaye kAntAsaMmitatayopadezayuje // ( kAvya0 1-2 ) kAvyaM hi navarasaruciratvAd niyatikRtaniyamarahitatvAd AhlAdajanakatvAd ananyaparatantratvAd brahmakRtAM sRSTimapi atizete / etadeva vizadIkriyate mammaTena niyatikRtaniyamarahitAM hlAdaikamayImananyaparatantrAm / navarasarucirAM nirmitimAdadhatI bhAratI kaverjayati // kA0 1-1 kAvyalakSaNam - kiM tAvat kAvyamiti vicAracarcAyAm anekAni kAvyalakSaNAni dRSTipatham avataranti / paramadyAvadhi naikamapi lakSaNaM nirduSTaM sarvasaMmataM vA / bharatasya nATyazAstre prAcInatamaM lakSaNam upalabhyate-- mRdu-lalita padADhyaM gUDhazabdArtha hInaM janapadasukhabodhyaM yuktimannRtyayogyam / bahukRtarasamAgaM sandhi-sandhAna-yuktaM bhavati jagati yogyaM nATakaM prekSakANAm // nATyazAstra atra mukhyato dRzyakAvyameva paribhASyate / agnipurANe sarvaprathamaM kAvyalakSaNaM nirdizyate -- saMkSepAd vAkyamiSTArthavyavacchinnA padAvalI / kAvyaM sphuradalaMkAraM guNavad doSavajitam // agnipurANa 337-607 atra kAvyasya paJca tattvAni svIkriyate -- iSTArthaH, saMkSiptaM vAkyam, alaM kArAH, guNAH, doSAzceti / etena kAvyasya bAhyarUparekhA sphuTIbhavati /

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58 saMskRtanibandhazatakam paNDitarAja jagannAthaM vihAya prAyaH sarvairapi pUrvAcAryaiH kAvyalakSaNe zabdArthayoH dvayorapi saMkalanaM vidhIyate / prAcInAcAryo bhAmahaH kAvyAlaMkAre kAvyalakSaNam abhidhatteH zabdArthoM sahitau kAvyam / kAvyAlaMkAra 1-16 vAmanAdibhirapi zabdArthayoH kAvyatvaM svIkriyate / tad yathAkAvyazabdo'yaM guNAlaMkArasaMskRtayoH zabdArthayorvarttate / ( vAmana 1-1) zabdArtho kAvyam / (rudraTa-kAvyAlaMkAra 2-1) adoSau saguNau sAlaMkArau ca zabdArthoM kAvyam / ( hemacandra ) zabdArthoM nirdoSau saguNau prAyaH sAlaMkArau ca kAvyam / ( vAgbhaTa ) guNAlaMkAra-sahitau zabdArthoM doSavajitau / ( vidyAnAtha pratAparudra ) zabdArthoM vapurasya tatra vibudhairAtmAbhyadhAyi dhvaniH / (vidyAdhara ekAvalI) zabdArthayoH samanvayaH kAvyamiti / arthAnukUlaM zabdaprayogaH, zabdAnurUpaM cArtha iti atrAbhimatam / AcAryo daNDI bhAmahasya 'zabdArthoM' iti vizadayan Aha zarIraM tAvadiSTArtha-vyavacchinnA padAvalI / kAvyAdarza 1-10 atra zabdArthayoH samanvayena kAvyasya zarIrameva nirdhaaryte| ataeva AnandavardhanAcAryaH 'zabdArthazarIraM tAvat kAvyam' iti vyAharan zabdArthayoH pRthak kAvyasya AtmAnaM manute / kAvyasya zarIrajJAne'pi tatra 'kaH AtmA' iti na nizcapracaM jnyaayte| kAvyasya AtmA-paravartibhirAcAryaiH 'kaH kAvyasya AtmA' iti gaveSayadbhirbahudhA sa prastUyate / vAmanaH 'rItirAtmA kAvyasya' iti nigadan rItimeva kAvyAtmarUpeNa svIkaroti / rItizabdena zailI bhASAsaundarya sAlaMkRtitvaM cAbhISyate / vAmanenocyate : kAvyazabdo'yaM guNAlaMkArasaskRtayoH zabdArthayorvartate, bhaktyA tu zabdArthamAtravacano gRhyate / udbhaTo'pi guNAlaMkArayoH samarUpeNa kAvye sthiti svIkaroti / rudraTa: 'zabdArthoM kAvyam' iti abhidadhat kAvye zabdArthayormahattvaM nirdizati / AnandavardhanAcAryaH 'kAvyasyAtmA dhvaniriti budhairyaH samAmnAtapUrva:0' ( dhvanyAloka 1-1 ) iti byAharan dhvanimeva kAvyasyAtmarUpeNa pratipAdyate / rAjazekharaH kAvyamImAMsAyAM kAvyapuruSa sAGgopAGgaM prastauti / zabdArtho te zarIram, saMskRtaM mukham, prAkRtaM bAhuH,...rasa AtmA, romANi chandAMsi, anuprAsopamAdayazca tvAmalaMkurvanti / ( kAvyamImAMsA, pRSTha 13-14)

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vAkyaM rasAtmakaM kAvyam 59 atra 'rasa AtmA' ityanena kAvye rasasya Atmatvam UrIkaroti / AcAryaH kuntakaH 'vakrokti: kAvyajIvitam' iti sAdhayati / ucyate ca tena zabdArtho sahitau vkr-kvivyaapaarshaalini| bandhe vyavasthitau kAvyaM tadvidAhlAdakAriNi // vakrokti0 1-7 kSemendrazca aucityavicAracarcAyAm 'aucityaM kAvyajIvitam' iti sAdhayati uktaM ca tena kAvyasyAlamalaMkAraiH kiM mithyaagunnitairgunnaiH| yasya jIvitamaucityaM vicintyApi na dRzyate // alaMkArAstvalaMkArA guNA eva gaNAH sdaa| aucityaM rasasiddhasya sthiraM kAvyasya jIvitam // aucitya0 4-5 mammaTaH--kAvyazAstra mukhyatvena AcAryamammaTasya lakSaNaM svIkriyate udhriyate prastUyate ca tadadoSau zabdArthoM saguNAvanalaMkRtI punaH kvApi / kAvyaprakAza 1-4 lakSaNametat kAvyasya svarUpaM sarvAGgatvena vyavasthApayati / ataeva kAvyazAstrajJairlakSaNametad bAhulyena svIkriyate / atra pUrvAcAryaiH svIkRtaM zabdArthayomahattvaM pUrvavad upasthApyate / kAvye prasAdAdiguNAnAM mahattvamatra svIkriyate / kAvye utkaTadoSAbhAve'pi vizeSato'vadhAnaM dattam / 'analaMkRtI pUnaH kvApi' ityanenAlaMkArANAM gauNatvaM pratipAdyate / tadabhAve'pi na kAvyatvakSatiH / AcAryo mammaTa:idamuttamamatizAyini vyaGgye vAcyAd dhvanirbudhaiH kthitH| (kAvya0 1-4) ityanena dhvanemahattvamapyupapAdyate / AcAryoM hemacandro'pi kAvyAnuzAsane prakArAntareNa mammaTAbhimataM kAvyalakSaNameva nirdizati / __ adoSau saguNau sAlaMkArau ca zabdArthoM kAvyam / kAvyAnu0 vizvanAtha:-AcArya-vizvanAthasya kAvyalakSaNaM prAyo vidvadbhiH prazasyate . vAkyaM rasAtmakaM kaavym| sA0 darpaNa, 1-3 'rasa evAtmA sArarUpatayA jIvanAdhAyako yasya / tena vinA tasya kAvyatvAbhAvasya pratipAditatvAt / 'rasyate iti rasaH' iti vyutpattiyogAd bhAvatadAbhAsAdayo'pi gRhyante / ' ( vizvanAtha ) / atra dhvanikAraiH pratipAdito rasadhvanireva kAvyatvena svIkriyate / agnipurANe'pi rasasya mahattvaM prApyate-'vAgvaidagdhyapradhAne'pi rasa evAtra

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saMskRta nibandhazatakam jIvitam' / bharatenApyucyate - ' nahi rasAd Rte kazcidarthaH pravartate' / evaM vicAryate cet tarhi jJAyate yad vizvanAthena pUrvAcAryaiH aGgIkRtaM kAvyasya rasAtmakatvaM sphuTaM pratipAditam / taittirIyopaniSada 'raso vai sa:' ( tai0 2-7 ) iti brahma sarUpeNa pratipAdyate, tatprAptisAdhanatvena kAvyamapi rasAtmakamiSyate / ' raste AsvAdyate iti rasaH' iti lakSaNayan AcAryo bharataH kAvyam AsvAdayaM manute / evamapi vizvanAthakRtaM lakSaNam ucitaM pratibhAti / jagannAthaH - rasagaGgAdharakartuH paNDitarAja jagannAthasyApi kAvyalakSaNaM bahusaMmatam AdarAspadaM ca 60 ramaNIyArthapratipAdakaH zabdaH kAvyam / rasagaGgAdhara, pR0 4 atrAbhivyakteH prAdhAnyam, sphuTaM sundaraM sahRdayagrAhi ca varNanaM kAvyasya mukhyatA svIkriyate / jagannAtho ramaNIyArthapratipAdakaM zabdameva kAvyaM manute, na cArtham / 'tasmAd vedazAstrapurANalakSaNasyeva kAvyalakSaNasyApi zabda - niSThatevocitA' ( rasa0 pR0 5 ) iti vyAharatA tena zabdasyaiva kAvyatvaM pratipAdyate / tasya TIkAkAro nAgezabhaTTaH zabdArthayoH kAvyatvaM sAdhayan mammaTaM samarthayati -- 'tenAnupahasanIya kAvyatvalakSaNaM prakAzoktam nirbAdham' iti / kAvyalakSaNaviSaye saMskRtajJAnAM naikamatyam / kecana mammaTaM kecana vizvanAthaM kecana ca jagannAthaM sAdhiSThaM manyante / sarvaviSayAvagAhitvena mammaTalakSaNaM sAdhiSTham, sugamArthatayA rasasya mukhyatvena ca vizvanAthaH, abhivyakteH kalApakSasya kalpanApakSasya codbhAvanayA jagannAthaH sarvAtizAyI / jagannAtha-lakSaNaM pAzcAttyakAvya-tattvajJaiH sAmyaM bhajate / kalpanAnubhUtijanya - vicArANAM madhurAbhivyakti-kalaiva kaviteti sAdhiSThA vyAkhyA / tadyathA Poetry is the art of expressing in melodious words, thoughts which are the creations of imagination and feelings. ( Chamber's Dictionary )

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18. vakroktiH kAvyajIvitam ___ (kAvyaM hi vakroktipradhAnam ) vakrokteH aitihyam-vakroktisaMpradAyasyodbhavo dhvanisaMpradAyamUlaka eva / AnandavardhanAcAryapratipAditena dhvanisiddhAntena nairAzyam AptA alaMkAravAdinaH alaMkAreSu kAvyasya mUlatattvam anveSayanto vakrokti samAsAdayan / saMpradAyasyAsya pratiSThApakaH kuntakAcAryaH / tadviracitaM vakroktijIvitaM viSaye'smina prAmANiko granthaH / _vakroktisiddhAntasyAsya udbhava AcAryabhAmahena prArabhate / sa cAlaMkAre samagramapi kAvyavaiziSTyaM saMgRhNAti / sarvatrApi atizayokteH prAdhAnyaM niriikssyte| dhvanivAde'pi atizayoktimUlaka eva dhvniH| vakrokto api atizayokteranivAryatvam / etadeva pratipAdayatA bhAmahenocyate : saiSA sarvatra vakroktiranayA'rtho vibhaavyte| yatno'syAM kavinA kAryaH ko'laMkAro'nayA vinA // kAvyA0 2-85 bhAmaho'tizayokti vakroktiM ca paryAyatvena gaNayati / atra saiSA atizayoktireva vakroktirityarthaH, anayaiva arthasyAbhivyaktirbhavati / atizayoktimUlaiva vakroktiH / bhAmahAbhimatena vakroktiH srvaalNkaarruupaa| sarveSAm alaMkArANAM mUlametat / anayaiva arthAbhivyaktiH / vakroktireva kAvyatvaM saMpAdayati / saiSA srvaalNkaarruupaa| vakroktiH kAvye smst-saundryaadhaayikaa| evaM bhAmahAbhimatena vakroktiH kaavysyaatmaa| vakroktizabdaprayogo bANena parihAsajalpite, amarukavinA ca krIDAlApe kriyate / AcAryo daNDI kAvyaM dvidhA vibhajati-svabhAvokti: vakroktizca / ___ zleSaH sarvAsu puSNAti prAyo vakroktiSu zriyam / dvidhA bhinnaM svabhAvokti-vakroktizceti vAGmayam // kAvyA0 daNDI kAvyazobhAkarAn sarvAn dharmAn alaMkArAntargataM vidhatte / daNDinA vyAkhyAtAH sarve'pi alaMkArA vakrokterantarbhUtAH / / kAvyazobhAkarAn dharmAn alaMkArAn pracakSate / kAvyAdarza yacca sndhyngg-vRttyngg-lkssnnaadyaagmaantre| vyAvarNitamidaM ceSTam alaMkAratayaiva nH|| kAvyAdarza kuntako bhAmahena daNDinA ca preraNAm avApya svabhAvoktAvapi vakroktedarzanaM kurute / vakrokteH kSetraM ca yAvadvarNyaviSayaM vistArayati / kuntakAnusAraM kAvyazobhAkarAH sarve'pi dharmA vakroktijanyA eva / evaM sphuTaM jJAyate yat kuntako vakroktamahattvaM prabhAvaM camatkRtiM ca alaMkAravAdibhya evAgRhNAt /

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam Anandavardhano'pi vakroktiM samarthayan iva pratibhAti / tanmatAnusAraM 'kAvyasyAtmA dhvaniH' / kAvyasya kalA-bhAva-pakSayordhvaninA vakratA saMpAdyate / atizayoktiH kAvyasya saundarya vizadayati / sarve'pyalaMkArA atizayokto vakrokto vA samAzritAH / kavi-pratibhA-janyA atizayokti: alaMkAreSvatyadhika saundarya vardhayati / atizayoktyA vakroktyA vA hInA alaMkArA alaMkAramAtrameva / AnandavardhanasyAtizayoktiH bhAmaha-daNDinorvakroktyA abhinnaa| ataeva dhvanyAloke tenocyate ___ 'atizayoktigarbhatA sarvAlaMkAreSu zakyakriyA / kRtaiva ca sA mahAkavibhiH kAmapi kAvyacchavi puSyati / tatrAtizayoktiryam alaMkAram adhitiSThati kavipratibhAvazAt tasya cArutvAtizayayogo'nyasya tu alaMkAramAtrataiveti / ..." saiva sarvAlaMkArarUpA / ' dhvanyAloka 3-37 TIkA atizayoktihInaM vakroktihInaM vA kAvyam avarakAvyatvena gaNyate / etasmAt kAraNAd atizayoktiH sarvAlaMkAramUlA manyate / AnandavardhanAcArya-matena atizayokteH alaMkArAntaraH sAMkayaM vAcyatvena vyaGgyatvena ca bhavati / vAcyarUpeNa sA sarveSAm arthAlaMkArANAM jananI / vyaGgayarUpeNa ca saMyuktA sA dhvanirUpeNa guNIbhUta-vyaGgyarUpeNa ca vipariNamate / 'tasyAzcAlaMkArAntarasaMkIrNatvaM kadAcid vAcyatvena, kadAcid vyaGgayatvena / ' dhvanyAloka 3-37 TIkA 'atizayoktestu sarvAlaMkAraviSayo'pi saMbhavati' ( dhva0 3-37 ) iti vadatA Anandavardhanena vakrokterapi sarvAlaMkAra-viSayatvam upapAdyate / kuntakasamakAlIno bhojarAjo'pi vakroktim upAste / vakroktimUlakaM kAvyalakSaNam upapAdayatA tenocyate yad vakraM vacaH zAstre loke ca vaca eva tat / vakraM yadarthavAdAdau tasya kAvyamiti smRtiH|| zRGgAraprakAza bhojarAjaH sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNe vAGmayaM tridhA vibhajati-vakroktiH, rasoktiH, svabhAvoktizca / tatra rasoktaH prAdhAnyaM varNyate / kuntako rasoktau vakroktau ca nAntaraM manute / vakrokteH svarUpam-kuntako vakrokteH svarUpaM pratipAdayan Aha ubhAvatAvalaMkAryoM tayoH punrlNkRtiH|| vakroktireva vaidagdhyabhaGgIbhaNitirucyate // vakrokti0 1-10 vakrokrirvacobhaGgimA eva / eSa vacobhaGgimA eva uktau zobhAm AdadhAti / ukto camatkRtezcArutAyAzca saMpAdanaM vakroktareva sNbhaavyte| ataH vakroktiH kAvyajIvitam / vakroktihInaM kAvyaM nirjIvameva / uktervaicitryaM cama

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vakroktiH kAvyajIvitam tkRtirvA vakroktiH / saiSA vizeSatA kAvyapratibhAmUlaiva / yatra kasmizcid varNyaviSaye tasya kasyacid dharmasya guNasya vA'tizayenoktiH vaicitryeNa vicchittyA vA pratipAdyate tatra vakroktiH / kAvyalakSaNe'pi vakrokteranivAryatvaM kuntakena pratipAdyatezabdArthoM sahitau vakra-kavivyApArazAlini / bandhe vyavasthitau kAvyaM tadvidAhlAdakAriNi // vakrokti0 1-7 kuntakaH kAvyatvaM zabdArthobhayaniSThaM manute / na kevalaM zabde na cApyarthe / yathA pratitilaM tailaM tadvat zabdArthayorapi kAvyatvaM pratitiSThati / tasmAd dvayorapi pratitilamiva tailaM tadavidAhlAdakAritvaM vartate, na punarekasmin / ( kuntaka) AcAryakuntako vakrokti SoDhA vibhajativarNavinyAsavakratvaM pdpuurvaardhvkrtaa| vakratAyAH paro'pyasti prakAraH prtyyaashryH|| vakrokti01-19 vAkyasya vakrabhAvo'nyo bhidyate yaH shsrdhaa| yatrAlaMkAravargo'sau sarvo'pyantarbhaviSyati // 1-20 vakrabhAvaH prakaraNe prabandhe vA'sti yaadRshH| ucyate shjaahaary-saukumaary-mnohrH|| 1-21 te SaD bhedAH santi-varNavinyAsavakratA, padapUrvArdhavakratA, padaparArdhavakratA, vAkya-vakratA, prakaraNavakratA, prabandhavakratA ceti / tena pratyekasya bhedasyAneke bhedA varNitAH / pUrvoktavibhAjanena jJAyate yad vakroktevistAro varNAdArabhya prabandhaM yAvad vartate / etadantargatameva bhASA, prakRtivarNanam, caritracitraNam, kathAsaMyojanam, aitihAsika-tathyasaMkalanam, vastuvarNanam, alaMkAravidhAnam, rasaprayogaH, kAvyasandezAdikaM ca tathA sUtrarUpeNopalabhyate yena paravartinyAH sAhityikasamIkSAyAH saraNiH prazastA bhavati / yathA tadA jAyante guNA yadA te shRdyairgRhynte| ravikiraNAnugRhItAni bhavanti kamalAni kamalAni // vakrokti0 2-9 zloko'yaM vakroktijIvite dhvanyAloke cAvApyate / Anandavardhano'tra arthAntarasaMkramita-vAcyadhvanim aGgIkaroti, kuntakazcAtra rUDhi-vaicitryavakratAM pratipadyate / kriyAvaicitryavakratAyAM kuntako dhvanyAlokasya maGgalAcaraNam upasthApayati / svecchAkesariNaH svcch-svcchaayaayaasitendvH| trAyantAM vo madhuripoH prapannAticchido nkhaaH|| dhvanyA0 1-1 evaM kuntakena 'vakroktiH kAvyajIvitam' iti sAdhu viviyte| .

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19. rItirAtmA kAvyasya kA nAma rItiH ?-rItizabdena kim abhipretam, etasmin viSaye bahavo vAdAH pravartante / rItimArgapravartako vAmana Aha- . viziSTA padaracanA riitiH| vizeSo guNAtmA // kAvyAlaMkArasUtra 2-7, 8 ___ atra padaracanAyAM vaiziSTyaM rItirityabhipretam / sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNe zrIbhojarAjo rIteyutpattyAtmikAM paribhASAM nirdizati / rItirgiH panthA vA vaidarbhAdikRtaH panthAH kAvye mArga iti smRtH| roGgatAviti dhAtoH sA vyutpattyA rItirucyate // sara0 sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa-TIkAkAro rAmasiMho viSayaM vizadayan Aha 'guNavatpadaracanA rItiH / guNAH zleSAdayaH / riyante paramparayA gacchantyanayeti karaNasAdhano'yaM rItizabdo mArgaparyAyaH ityarthaH / ' AcAryo vidyAdhara:-'rasocitazabdArthanibandhaM rItiH' iti paribhASate / ziGgabhapAla:-'padavinyAsabhaGgI rItiH' iti rItiM lakSayati / AcAryavizvanAthasya lakSaNaM prathitataram padasaMghaTanA rotiraGgasaMsthAvizeSavat / upakI rasAdInAm // sA0 darpaNa 9-1 atra vizvanAthaH zabdArthazarIrasya kAvyasya AtmabhUtAnAM rasAdInAm upakI padasaMghaTanAM rItiriti lakSayati / / rItizabdo mArgaparyAya ityuktapUrvam / rItizabdasya panthAH paddhatiH praNAlI zailI ityAdayaH zabdAH paryAyavAcinaH / adyatvena zailI ( Style ) zabdena yadabhimataM tat purA rItizabdenAbhipretam AsIt / roteH svarUpam-viziSTA bhaNitibhaGgI padasaMghaTanA vA, kavipratibhAjanyA, vyutpattilabhyA, abhyAsasiddhA, vAcya-vAcaka-saundaryeNa lAvaNyAbhivardhakenaucityena cAnuprANitA, guNAzrayA, rasaM bhAvaM vA'bhivyaJjayantI rItiriti / vidagdhabhaNitibhaGgorUpeNeyaM cakAsti / rItiH zabdArthobhayaniSThAn gaNAn dhArayati / iyaM na kevalaM guNAlaMkArAdibhireva saMbaddhA, api tu dhvani-vakroktiaucitya-rasAdibhirapi sNgtaa| rItirna kevalaM kAvyasya zarIraM puSNAti, api tu rasAdInAm upakartRtvAt zarIriNam AtmAnamapi poSayati / kAvyavido roti camatkatizabdenAbhidadhati / abhinavaguptaH camatkRti vakrokti bandhaM gumphAdizabdaM rIteH paryAya mnute|

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rItirAtmA kAvyasya rIterupayogitA-nahi itivRttamAtranirvAheNa kveraatmpdlaabhH| camaskRti vaiziSTayaM ramyatvaM ca AsAdayituM rItiranirvAyA / bhaNitibhaGgI eva kavervaiziSTyaM sAdhayati / rItiH kalAtmikyAH pravRttermUlam / kiMcid vaiziSTyam anAzritya na kaveH kavitvapadalAbhaH / ato nIlakaNThadIkSitena procyate : satyarthe satsu zabdeSu. sati caakssrddmbre| zobhate yaM vinA noktiH sa panthA iti ghuSyate // nIlakaNTha0 ramaNIyA'bhivyaktiH kAvyam / ramaNIyatvaM ca kAvye camatkRtim AdadhAti / ramaNIyatvasya mUlaM ca riitiH| rIteruddezyamasti-saundaryasya sRSTiH, rasAnuguNaM padasaMyojanam / / roterbhedAH-bANena harSacarite prAdezikaM vaiziSTyam anusRtya udIcyAdikavInAM vailakSaNyaM procyate zleSaprAyamudIcyeSu pratIcyeSvarthamAtrakam / utprekSA dAkSiNAtyeSu gauddessvkssrddmbrH|| harSa01-7 atra caturvidhAyAH zailyAH svarUpaM prApyate / bhAmaho rItidvayam ullikhati-'gauDIyamapi sAdhIyo vaidarbhamapi nAnyathA / ' daNDI prAdezikaM vaiziSTyam anAzritya guNamUlakaM rItivibhAjanaM kurute / zleSAdi-daza-guNa-viziSTA vaidarbhI, tad viparItA ca gauddii| zleSaH prasAdaH samatA mAdhuyaM sukumaartaa| arthvyktirudaartvmojH-kaantismaadhyH|| iti vaidarbhamArgasya prANA dazaguNAH smRtaaH| eSAM viparyayaH prAyo dRzyate gauDavartmani // kAvyAdarza vAmano rItiM tredhA vibhajati-vaidarbhI gauDI pAJcAlI ceti / sA tredhA vaidarbhI gauDIyA pAJcAlI ceti // kAvyA0 2-9 sa vaidarbhImevaM lakSaNayati samagraguNA vaidrbhii| kAvyAlaMkArasUtra 2-11 vAmanena zlokadvayaM vaidarbhIrItisandarbhe udhriyate aspRSTA doSamAtrAbhiH smgrgunngumphitaa| vipaJcIsvara-saubhAgyA vaidarbhI rItiriSyate // sati vaktari satyarthe sati zabdAnuzAsane / asti tanna vinA yena parisravati vAGmadhu // vaidarbhIm anAzritya na vAci mAdhuryaM pravartate / gaur3I pAJcAlIM ca lakSayati

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam ojaHkAntimatI gauDIyA // kAvyA0 2-12 mAdhuryasaukumAryopapannA pAJcAlI / kAvyA0 2-13 rudraTo caturvidhAyA rItevibhAjanaM samAsamUlakaM vidadhAti-vRtterasamAsA yA vaidarbhIrItirekaiva / dvitripadA pAJcAlI, lATIyA paJca sapta vA yAvat / zabdAH samAsavanto bhavati yathAzakti gauDIyA / ' ( kAvyAlaMkAra ) / sa rasAnuguNaM caiSAM prayogaM samarthayati-zRGgAre karuNe ca vaidarbhI-pAJcAlyo, raudra-bhayAnaka adbhutAdInAM varNane lATI gauDI ca / ____ bhojarAjaH SaDvidhAM rIti pratipAdayati-vaidarbhI, gauDI, pAJcAlI, AvantikA, lATIyA, mAgadhI ceti / rAjazekharo'pi tathaiva manute / kuntako guNAnAzritya tredhA rItiM vibhajate-sukumAraH vicitro madhyamazca / saMprati tatra ye mArgAH kviprsthaanhetvH| sukumAro vicitrazca madhyamazcobhayAtmakaH vakrokti0 vizvanAthaH sAhityadarpaNe rItiM caturdhA vibhajati sA punaH syaaccturvidhaa| vaidarbhI cAtha gauDI ca pAJcAlI lATikA tathA // sA0 da09-1, 2 vizvanAthAnusAram etAsAM lakSaNaM prastUyate mAdharyavyaJjakairvarNaM racanA llitaatmikaa| avRttiralpavRttirvA vaidarbhI rItiriSyate // sA0 9-2, 3 ojaHprakAzakairvaNairbandha ADambaraH punH|. samAsabahalA gauddii| sA0 9-3 vaNaH zeSaiH punrdvyoH| samastapaJcaSapado bandhaH pAJcAlikA mtH| sA0 9-4 lATI tu rItirvaidarbhIpAJcAlyorantare sthitA // sA0 9-5 anye tvAhuHgauDI DambarabaddhA syAda vaidarbhI llitkrmaa| pAJcAlI mizrabhAvena, lATI tu mRdubhiH pdaiH|| evaM vijJAyate yat kAvye roterasti mahanmahattvam / rItirahitaM kAvyaM kANatvAdidoSayuktaM zarIramiva pratibhAti / ataH sAdhUcyate vAmanena rItirAtmA kAvyasya ( kAvyAlaMkArasUtra 2-6 ) /

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20. kAvyasyAtmA dhvaniH (dhvani-siddhAntaH) / ko dhvaniH-dhvanizabdo bahudhA nirucyate / nirvacanAnusAraM cAsya bahavo'rthA gRhyante / paJcadhA nirvacanena paJcApi dhvanisaMbaddhA arthA gRhyante / tadyathA(1) dhvanati yaH sa vyaJjakaH zabdo dhvniH| (2) dhvanati, dhvanayati vA yaH sa vyaJjako'rthaH dhvniH| ( 3 ) dhvanyate iti dhvaniH / yad dhvanyate ityanena rasAlaMkAravasturUpaM vyaGgyArthatrayam upatiSThate / (4) dhvanyate aneneti dhvaniH, ityanena vyaJjanAdizaktInAM grahaNam / (5) dhvanyate'sminniti dhvaniH, ityanena vyaGgyArthapradhAnaM kAvyamapi saMgRhyate / evaM dhvanizabdena vyaJjakazabdasya, vyaJjakArthasya, vyaGgyArthasya, vyaJjanAvyApArasya, vyaGgyapradhAnakAvyasya ca grahaNaM saMjAyate / dhvaneH svarUpam-vAcyArthApekSayA vyaGgye'rthe mukhye sati dhvaniriti kathyate / tathAvidhaM ca kAvyaM sarvotkRSTaM manyate / idamuttamamatizAyini vyaGgye vAcyAd dhvanirbudhaiH kthitH| ( kAvyaprakAza 1-4) vAcyAtizayini vyaGgye dhvanistatkAvyamuttamam / sA0 darpaNa 4-1 AnandavardhanAcAryo dhvani lakSayatiyatrArthaH zabdo vA tamarthamupasarjanIkRtasvArthau / vyaGktaH kAvyavizeSaH sa dhvaniriti sUribhiH kthitH|| dhvanyAloka 1-13 yatra zabdArtho svArthaM gauNarUpeNopasthApya vyaGgyamartham abhivyaJjayataH, tadA dhvaniH / tathAvidhaM kAvyaM dhvaniH dhvanikAvyaM vA nigadyate / zabdArthayorekasya vyaJjakatve tadanyasya sahakAritvaM pratipadyate / zabdabodhyo vyanaktyarthaH shbdo'pyrthaantraashryH| ekasya vyaJjakatve tadanyasya sahakAritA // sA0 darpaNa 2-18 vAcyArthAtiriktaH ko dhvaniH vyaGgyo'rtho veti jijJAsAyAM dhvanikAreNa sphUTIkriyate yat kAminIlAvaNyamiva yat prasiddhAtiriktam anyadeva kiMcit pratIyate vAcyAtirikta vyaGgyarUpaM sa dhvaniH / pratIyamAnaM punaranyadeva vastvasti vANISu mahAkavInAm / yat tat prasiddhAvayavAtiriktaM vibhAti lAvaNyamivAGganAsu // dhvanyA0 1-4

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saMskRta nibandhazatakam etadAzrityeva lAvaNyalakSaNamapi prastUyate yatmuktAphaleSu cchAyAyAstaralatvamivAntarA / saMlakSyate yadaGgeSu tallAvaNyamihocyate // iyaM vyaGgyArthabodhanakSamataiva pratibhAvaiziSTayena mahAkavInAM yazaH prasArayati / vyaGgyArthAbhivyaktireva mahAkavitvasya nikaSa: / ato dhvanikRtocyatesarasvatI svAdu tadarthavastu niHSyandamAnA mahatAM kavInAm / alokasAmAnyamabhivyanakti parisphurantaM pratibhA vizeSam // dhvanyA0 1-6 68 vyaGgyArthasya tathA vaiziSTyaM yathaiSa nIrasaM sarasam, asundaraM sundaram amadhuraM madhuraM janayati / dhvanisiddhAntasya sthApanA vyAkaraNaM, vizeSato bhartRharikRtaM vAkyapadIyam, Azritya vartate / vAkyapadIye nAdasphoTayoH svarUpaM nirUpyateyaH saMyogavibhAgAbhyAM karaNairupajanyate / sa sphoTaH zabdajAH zabdA dhvanayo'nyairudAhRtAH // vAkya 0 1 - 103 tatroccAraNAvayavAnAM saMyogena vibhAgena ca yaH zabda utpadyate sa sphoTaH, anye ca zabdajAH zabdA dhvanizabdavAcyAH / ghaNTAnAdAdiSu anuraNanarUpaH zabdo yathA, tathaiva zabdajI vyaGgyo'rtho dhvanirityucyate / sphoTanAdayoH vyaGgyavyaJjakasaMbandho manyate, tathaiva kAvye'pi dhvanervyaJjakatvaM pratIyamAnasyArthasya ca vyaGgyatvaM sidhyati / grahaNagrAhyayoH siddhA yogyatA niyatA yathA / vyaGgyavyaJjakabhAvena tathaiva sphoTanAdayoH // vAkya 0 1-98 nAhitabIjAyAM buddha antyavarNazravaNena samaM zabdasya rUpamavadhAryate // dhvanireva zabdasvarUpaM prakAzayati / nAdairAhitabIjAyAmantyena dhvaninA saha / AvRtta paripAkAyAM buddhau zabdo'vadhAryate // vAkya0 1-85 pratyayairanupAkhyeye grahaNAnuguNaistathA / dhvaniprakAzite zabde svarUpamavadhAryate // vAkya0 1-84 sphoTavyaJjakA varNA dhvaninAmnA vyavahriyante, evaM vyaJjakazabdArthayoH dhvanitvaM sidhyati / locanakRtA abhinavaguptena dhvaneH paJcasvarUpArthaM vyAkaraNasya RNitvaM svIkriyate / ataeva AnandavardhanAcAryeNa mammaTena ca vaiyAkaraNaprazaMsAyAm ucyate-- 'prathame hi vidvAMso vaiyAkaraNAH, vyAkaraNamUlatvAt sarvavidyAnAm / te ca zrUyamANeSu varNeSu dhvaniriti vyavaharanti / ' dhvanyAloka 1-13

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kAvyasyAtmA dhvaniH 'budhairvaiyAkaraNaiH pradhAnabhUtasphoTarUpavyaGgyavyaJjakasya zabdasya dhvaniriti vyavahAraH kRtH|' kAvyaprakAza 1-4 / dhvanirAtmA kAvyasya--abhidhA-lakSaNA-vyApArAnantaraM vyaJjanAvRttiH svIkriyate / vyaJjanAyAH prAdhAnyena kAvye kalpanAyAzcintanasyAnubhUtyAditattvAnAM ca samAvezo'bhUt / kalpanAyA abhAve lakSaNAyA vyaJjanAyA vA pravRttirna prasarati / nAnubhUti vinA bhAvAvezaH, bhAvAvezamantareNa na lakSaNA vyaJjanA vodbhavati / vyaJjanA-zakti: kAvye prabhaviSNutAM ramaNIyatAM rAgAtmakatAM ca sannivezayati / tadaiva kAvye ramaNIyatvaM jAyate / kSaNe kSaNe yannavatAmupaiti tadeva rUpaM rmnniiytaayaaH| zizu0 4-17 tAdRzI ramaNIyatA kAvye vyaJjanAzakte: dhvanervA saMjAyate / yathA ramaNIzarIre lAvaNyam, meghe vidyut, candramasi jyotsnA, uSasi jyotirvA'ntanihitA, tathaiva kAvye dhvaneradhiSThAnam / dhvanitattvaM na kAvyasyAvayavarUpam, api tu avayavirUpeNa AtmarUpeNa vA pratitiSThati / kAvyazAstre abhidhA lakSaNA vyaJjanA ceti tisro vRttayaH svIkriyante / abhidhA vAcyArthapradhAnA, lakSaNA lakSyArthapradhAnA, vyaJjanA vyaGgyArthapradhAnA ca / vyaJjanAzakteH svIkaraNe ye doSA vividhaiH zAstra rudbhAvitAH, te doSA Anandavardhanena dhvanyAloke mammaTena ca kAvyaprakAze nirastAH / uktaM ca yasya pratItimAdhAtuM lakSaNA samupAsyate / phale zabdaikagamye'tra vyaJjanAnAparA kriyA // kAvyaprakAza 2-14 nAbhidhA samayAbhAvAt, hetvabhAvAnna lakSaNA / kAvya0 2-15 viratAsvabhidhAdyAsu yayArtho bodhyate prH| sA vRttiya'JjanA nAma zabdasyAdikasya ca // sA0 darpaNa 2-12, 13 vyaJjanA dvividhA-zAbdI ArthI ca / tatra zAbdI dvedhA-abhidhAmUlA lakSaNAmUlA ca / ArthI vyaJjanA ca vaktR-boddhavyAdInAM vaiziSTyAd anyadartha bodhayati / . dhvanerbhedAH-dhvanermukhyatayA dvau bhedI sta:-(1) lakSaNAmUlo dhvaniH, avivakSitavAcyadhvanirvA / (2) abhidhAmUlo dhvaniH, vivkssitaanyprvaacydhvnirvaa| lakSaNAmUle dhvanau vAcyArthasya vivakSA prayojanaM vA na bhavati / vyaGgyArtho lakSyArtham AzrityAvatiSThate / asyApi dvau bhedau-arthAntarasaMkramitavAcyadhvaniH, atyantatiraskRta-vAcyadhvanizca / arthAntarasaMkramite vAcyArtha: svArtha bodhayannapi arthAntaraM saMkrAMmati / atyantatiraskRte vAcyadhvanI ca vAcyArthaH sarvathA tiraskriyate / lakSaNAmUlazcaiSa dhvaniH / abhidhAmUle vivakSitAnyaparavAcye dhvanau vA vyaGgyArtho vAcyArtham

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam Azrayate / asyApi dvau bhedau-saMlakSyakrama-vyaGgyadhvaniH, asaMlakSyakrama-vyaGgyadhvanizca / saMlakSyakrame vyaGgyadhvanau vyaGgyArtha-prakAzasya paurvAparyakramo lakSyate / asaMlakSyakrame vyaGgyadhvanau ca zatapatrabhedananyAyena paurvAparyaM na lakSyate / tatra satyapi paurvAparye yogapadyAt na tatra kramajJAnam / dvayorapyetayorbhedayoraneke bhedA vrnnynte| guNIbhUtavyaGgye vAcyArthApekSayA vyaGgyArthasya nAdhikaM mahattvam / jagannAthamatena guNIbhUtavyaGgyaM kAvyamapi uttamakAvyAntargataM svIkaraNIyam / asya agUDha-aparAGgavyaGgyAdibhedena aSTau bhedAH / kAvyaM trividham-dhvanivAdimatena kAvyaM tredhA vibhajyate-uttamaM madhyamam avaraM ( adhamaM ) ceti / vyaGgyArthasya prAdhAnye kAvyamuttamam / 'vAcyAtizayini vyaGgye dhvanistatkAvyamuttamam' ( sA0 da0 4-1 ) / uttamakAvyasyApi bhedatrayam-rasadhvaniH, alaMkAradhvaniH, vastudhvanizca / tatra rasadhvaniH sarvottamaH / guNIbhUtavyaGgyaM kAvyaM madhyamam / 'atAdRzi guNIbhUtavyaGgyaM vyaGgye tu madhyamam' ( kAvya0 1-5 ) / atra vyaGgyArthasya sattve'pi vAcyArthApekSayA tasya gauNatvaM bhavati / adhamakAvye avarakAvye vA zabdacitrAdikam alaMkArapradarzanAdikaM ca bhavati / atra rasAbhAvAdasyAdhamatvam / 'zabdacitraM vAcyacitramavyaGgyaM tvavaraM smRtam', kAvya0 1-5 ) / dhvanivAdasya mahattvasya kAraNaM yadatra sarveSAmapi kAvyamUlatattvAnAM rasAlaMkAra-vakroktyAdInAM samAvezo bhavati / atra rItivAdavad na kevalaM pANDityapradarzanam, api tu cittAhlAdakatvaM cetovikAsakatvaM ca bhavati / dhvanivAdasya ramaNIyatvaM zabdamUlakam arthamUlakaM zabdArthobhayamUlakaM ca / dhvaniH kAvye lalanAlAvaNyavad apUrvaM ramyatvaM pratIyamAnamarthaM ca dyotayati / khaNDana-maNDanAdibhiH puSTaH sarvamAnyo'yaM kAvyasiddhAntaH / naitAdRzaH kAvyasiddhAnto bhuvane'nyatrAvalokyate / ataevaitasyeyat mahattvam / dhvaneretasya asaMkhyabheda-prabhedatvAt kAvyasya sUkSmAtisUkSmAH sarvA api vizeSatA AtmasAt karoti / evaM sidhyati yad kaavysy|

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21. vibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicArisaMyogAd rasaniSpattiH ( rssiddhaantH| raso vai saH) rasasya svarUpam-kAvyaM hi AnandAnubhUtisAdhanam / AnandAnubhatizca rasAsvAdamUlA / rasAsvAdanAdeva AnandAvAptiH / ataeva kAvyaprayojane mammaTo 'sadyaH paranirvataye' iti vyAcaSTe sakalaprayojanamaulibhUtaM samanantarameva rasAsvAdasamudgataM vigalitavedyAntaram Anandam / kAvya0 1-2 vizvanAthaH sAhityadarpaNe rasasvarUpaM pratipAdayati yad raso brahmAsvAdasahodara: vedyAntarasparzazUnyo brhmaasvaadshodrH| svAkAravadabhinnatvenAyamAsvAdyate rsH|| sA0 da0 3-2,3 // rasasya AsvAdyatvam anubhUtiviSayatvaM ca mammaTena varNyate : 'pAnakarasanyAyena caLamANaH, hRdayamiva pravizan, anyatsarvamiva tirodadhat, brahmAsvAdamivAnubhAvayan, alaukikacamatkArakArI zRGgArAdiko rasaH' kAvyaprakAza ullAsa 4 / taittirIyopaniSadi 'raso vai saH / rasaM hyevAyaM labdhvAnandI bhavati' ( tai0 2-7 ) ityatra brahmaNo rasarUpatvaM tadavAptau ca AnandopalabdhirvarNyate / nATyazAstre bharatena nirdizyate:___ 'rasa iti kaH padArthaH ? ucyate-AsvAdyamAnatvAt / kathamAsvAdyate rasaH ? yathA hi nAnAvyaJjana-saMskRtamannaM bhuJjAnA rasAnAsvAdayanti sumanasaH puruSA harSAdIMzcAdhigacchanti, tathA nAnAbhAvAbhinayavyaJjitAn vAgaGgasattvopetAn sthAyibhAvAn AsvAdayanti sumanasaH prekSakA harSAdIMzcAdhigacchanti / ' -nATya0 a06 yathA nAnAvyaJjanamizram annaM bhuJjAnA rasAn AsvAdayanti, tathaiva nAnAbhAvAbhivyaJjitAn sthAyibhAvAn sahRdayA AsvAdayanti, harSa cAnubhavanti / rasabhAvayozca parasparaM poSakatvam / na bhAvahIno rasaH, na ca rasahIno bhAvaH / evaM dvAvapi parasparaM bhaavytH| ( nATyazAstra 6-37 ) / rasaH sarveSAM bhAvAnAM mUlam, yathA bIjaM vRkSapuSpAdeH / ( nATya0 6-39) bharatena nATyazAstre ucyate-'nahi rasAd Rte kazcidarthaH pravartate' ( nATya0 6-32 ) / kathaM rasaniSpattiriti jijJAsAyAM tenocyate

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72 saMskRtanibandhazatakam vibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicArisaMyogAda rsnisspttiH| atra vibhAvAH kAraNAni, anubhAvAH kAryANi, vyabhicAriNazca sahakAriNaH, eSAM saMyogAd rasasya niSpattiH / uktaM ca mammaTena kAraNAnyatha kAryANi sahakArINi yAni c| ratyAdeH sthAyino loke tAni cennaattykaavyyoH|| vibhAvA anubhAvAstata kathyante vybhicaarinnH| vyaktaH sa taivibhAvAdyaiH sthAyI bhAvo rasaH smRtH|| kAvya0 4-27-28 atra saMyogazabdaM niSpattizabdaM cAzritya vividhA vAdAH prAdurabhavan / prAdhAnyena catvAro vAdA vividhadarzanavidbhiH prtipaaditaaH| tatra ( 1 ) bhaTTalollaTena mImAMsAdarzanam Azritya 'utpattivAdaH', (2) zakena nyAyadarzanamAzritya 'anumitivAdaH', (3) bhaTTanAyakena sAMkhyadarzanamAzritya 'bhuktivAdaH', (4) abhinavaguptena ca vedAntadarzanamAzritya 'abhivyaktivAdaH' prastAvitAH / (1) bhaTTalollaTasya rasotpattivAdaH-bhaTTalollaTo vAdasyAsya pravartakaH / tanmatAnusAraM vibhAvAnAm anubhAvAnAM vyabhicAribhAvAnAM ca saMyogena rasasya utpattirbhavati / tatra vibhAvairlalanAdibhiH AlambanoddIpanakAraNaH ratyAdirUpaH sthAyibhAvo jAyate / anubhAvaiH kaTAkSAdibhiH kAryaiH pratItiyogyaH kriyate / vyabhicAribhinirvedAdibhiH poSyate / sa ca raso mukhyatayA anukArye rAmAdau vartate / tadrUpAnukaraNAt naTe'pi sa rasaH pratIyate / atra saMyogazabdasya niSpattizabdasya ca arthatrayaM gRhyate / (1) vibhAvaiH saha sthAyibhAvAnAm utpAdya-utpAdakabhAvaH saMbandhaH, tena rasasya niSpattiH utpattirityarthaH / (2) anubhAvaiH saha sthAyibhAvAnAM gamya-gamaka-saMbandhaH, tena rasasya niSpattiH prtiitirityrthH| ( 3 ) vyabhicAribhAvaiH saha sthAyibhAvAnAM proSya-poSakabhAvaH saMbandhaH, tena rasasya niSpattiH pRSTirityarthaH / raso mukhyatayA anukArye rAmAdAveva bhavati / naTe tu kevalaM tadrUpAnusaMdhAnAd rasapratItiH / naTAdInAM vezabhUSAdibhiH darzakAnAM tathAvidhaM rasAplutatvaM yavA naTe'pi teSAM rAmAdibuddhiH / etAdRzo bhrama evAnandAnubhUteH kAraNam / etanmatAnusAraM rasAsvAdaH anukAryANAM rAmAdInAmeva, darzakAnAM rasAnubhUtiH naTAdInAM mAdhyamena saMjAyate / teSAM rasAnubhUtiH gauNI parAnubhUtimUlA ca / bhaTTalollaTo miimaaNsaadrshnmaashryte| tanmatAnusAraM viSaye eva rasotpAdanasya kssmtaa| atra raso vAcyaH, na tu vyaGgyaH, ato matamidam utpattivAdaH tAtparyavAdaH, AropavAdo vA kathyate / yathA mImAMsAmate yajamAnaH purohitAdi-mAdhyamena yajJasya phalam avApnoti, tathaiva darzakAnAM rasapratItiH abhinetRNAM mAdhyamena saMjAyate /

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73 vibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicArisaMyogAd rasaniSpattiH asmin mate kecana doSAH samApatanti-(1) rasAnubhUtirmukhyatayA anukArye, gauNarUpeNa ca naTe vrtte| sAmAjikAnAM darzakAnAM vA kathaM rasAnubhUtiriti na sphuTIkriyate / (2) anukArye rAmAdau rasaH, teSAM jagatyabhAvena tannimittakenAbhinayena abhinetRSu api kathaM rasotpattiH ? ( 3 ) prekSakeSu rasapratItireva rasAnubhUtiH, athavA teSu svAbhAviko hArdikI cAnubhUtiH ? eteSAM doSANAM nirAkaraNaM nAtra kriyte| (2) zakukasya anumitivAda :-zaGakuko nyAyasaMmatam anumitivAdaM prastauti / tatra 'citraturaganyAyena' yathA avAstavike'zve vAstavikAzvabuddhiH, tathaiva sAmAjikaiH abhinetRSu rAmAdibuddhim Aropya abhinayAdikauzalahetutvAd rasAnubhUtiH kriyate / atra sAmAjikeSu vidyamAnayA vAsanayA anumitisAhAyyena rasAnubhUtiH / sAmAjikAH citraturaganyAyena abhinetRSu anukAryarAmAdirUpatAgrahaNAd rasAnubhUtim anumAya svavAsanayA tatra rasAnubhUti kurvanti / atra samyaga-mithyA-saMzaya-sAdRzya-pratItibhyo vilakSaNayA 'citraturaganyAyena' rAmo'yamiti pratipattyA sAmAjikAnAM vAsanayA rasAnubhUtiH / atra anumAnena rasAnubhUtirjAyate / __atra saMyogAd ityasya gamya-gamakabhAvasaMbandhAd ityarthaH / rasaniSpattirityasya ca rasAnumitirityarthaH / tanmUlA ca rsaanubhuutiH|| asmin vAde'pi kecana doSA Apatanti / (1) asmin mate'numAnena rasAnubhUtiH / kiM parvate dhUmadarzanena agne: anumAne kRte'pi agneH uSNatAsnumAnena prAptuM zakyate ? evam anukartRSu naTAdiSu rasAnubhUteranumAne'pi kathaM tannimittA prekSakANAM rasAnubhUtiH ? eSA rasAnubhUtiH nAnumitimUlA, api tu svAnubhUtimUlA / (2) anumAnaM buddheviSayaH, na tvanubhUteH / ( 3 ) rasAnubhUtiH pratyakSA svAnubhUtimUlA ca / na sA'numAnena saadhyaa| ___(3) bhaTTanAyakasya bhuktivAdaH--bhaTTanAyako rasaM nAnumeyaM manyate, api tu bhojyaM manyate / tanmate saMyogasyAbhiprAyo bhojyabhojakabhAvo'sti, niSpatteH tAtparya ca 'bhukti:' vartate / rasAnubhUtiprakriyAyA avasthAtrayam-abhidhA, bhAvakatvaM bhojakatvaM ca / tatra abhidhayA zabdArthe'vagate bhAvakatvavyApAreNa vibhAvAdInAM sAdhAraNIkaraNaM bhavati / sAdhAraNIkaraNena vyaktivaiziSTayAdeH abhAvo bhavati, ato vibhAvAdeH nirvaiyaktikatvaM bhavati / tatazca bhojakatvavyApAreNa rajastamasoH kSaye sattvodrekAd raso bhujyate AsvAdyate ityarthaH / sa ca raso brahmAsvAdasahodaraH / ___bhaTTanAyakasya mate'pi kecana doSA upasthApyante-(1) bhaTTanAyako dhvanivAdavirodhI aacaaryH| sabhAvakatva-bhojakatva-vyApArayoH kalpanAM prastauti / dvAveto vyApArI naanubhvsiddhau| (2) atra sthAyibhAvasya bhogaH svokriyate /

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74 saMskRtanibandhazatakam sa sthAyibhAvaH kiM rAmAdigataH, naTAdigataH, Ahosvit sAmAjikagataH / etat naavvishdiikriyte| bhojakatva-vyApArAzrayeNa tasya mataM 'bhaktivAdaH' ityevaM gahyate / bhaTTanAyakena yA sAdhAraNIkaraNa-prakriyA prastutA, sA sarvamAnyA, sarvAbhinanditA ca / bhaTTanAyakasya kAvyazAstre etadapUrvaM yogadAnaM vartate / etanmataM sAMkhyasiddhAntAnuyAyi / yathA sAMkhye sukhaduHkhAdayo'ntaHkaraNadharmAH, na tvAtmanaH / parantu antaHkaraNasaMbaddhatvAd puruSe'pi sukhaduHkhAdInAm aupAdhikI pratItiH / tathaiva prekSakeSu avidyamAno'pi rasaH aupAdhikarUpeNa bhujyate / (4) abhinavaguptasya abhivyaktivAdaH-abhinavagupto bhaTTanAyakAbhimataM bhAvakatva-bhojakatva-vyApAradvayaM niSidhya abhivyaJjanAvAdaM pratiSThApayati / sa ca 'rasaniSpattiH' ityasya rasAbhivyaktiH ityarthaM svIkurute / etanmataM ca AcAryabharatasya matenApi saMgacchate / abhinavagupto bhAvakatva-bhojakatva-vyApAradvayam azAstrIyaM manute / 'AsvAdyatvAda rasaH' iti bhojakatvaM rasasvabhAva eva / 'kAvyArthAn bhAvayanti iti bhAvAH', evaM bhAvakatvamapi bhAvAnAM vaiziSTayameva / ato bhAvakatva-bhojakatva dvayam agrAhyam / sa rasaM vyaGgyaM mnute| raso vyaJjanayA sahRdayaM prabhAvayati / rasAsvAdazca sahRdayAnAmeva / atra saMyogazabdena vyaGgya-vyaJjakasaMbandho gRhyate / sthAyibhAvo vyaGgyaH, vibhAvAdayazca vynyjkaaH| vyaJjanAyA vibhAvanavyApAreNa vibhAvAnAM sthAyibhAvAnAM ca sAdhAraNIkaraNaM bhavati / evaM rAmAdyanukAryANAM bhAvA vaiziSTyavirahitA: santaH sahRdayAnAM hRtstha-vAsanArUpabhAvAn udbodhayanti / tanmatAnusAram 'na hyetat cittavRttivAsanAzUnyaH kazcit prANI bhavati' / vAsanaiSA suptAvasthAyAM vidyamAnA abhinayAdibhiH kAvyArthe prakAzite jAgati / yathA mRdgandho jalasecanena prAdurbhavati, tathaiva vAsanAyA api udayaH / sAdhAraNokaraNena sahRdayasya vAsanA-saMvAdo bhavati, suSuptazca sthAyibhAvo nirvaiyaktikarUpeNAbhivyaktaH san AnandAsvAdaM kArayati, eSa eva rasAsvAdaH / asmin AsvAde eva rasasya sthitiH / saMvivizrAntijanya eSa AnandaH / atra caitanyaM vizrAnti-sthitau sNtisstthte| rasAnubhUtiriyaM sAmAnyAnubhUtibhinnatvAd udAttatvAt sarvajanavedyatvAcca alaukikI kathyate / atra saMbandhavizeSasya parihAraH / raso'yaM sahRdayasaMvedyaH / matamidaM zaivAdvaitavAdam AnandavAdaM vA Azritya pravartate / tatra cetanAyAH pUrNa vizrAnteH sthitiH svIkriyate / ____ abhinavaguptasya matamidaM darzanamUlatvAt manovaijJAnikacintanaparatvAd yathArthabhAvena rasavizleSaNAcca adyatve'pi sarvereva kAvyatattvajJaiH gRhyate svIkriyate prazasyate ca /

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22. vaidarbho lalitakamA | ( samagraguNA vaidarbho ) nAma kA rItiH ?-rItirnAma kAvye saundaryAdhAyinI, viziSTaguNasamavetA, zabdArthobhaya-ramyatvAdhAyikA, camatkRtiprANA, guNAzrayA, vidagdhabhaNitibhaGgIrUpA, rasAdInAm upakI, viziSTA pdsNghttnaa| rItirnAma mArgaparyAyaH / paddhatiH zailI ityAdayastadarthabodhakAH paryAyazabdAH / kAvye prAdhAnyena ramaNIyatvam AkAkSyate / ramaNIyatva ca kalAtmikyA vacobhaGgyaiva saMbhavati / pratyekasya kaveviziSTA bhaavaabhivynyjnprnnaalii| saiSA vizeSatA tasya samagrakAvyAvagAhinI / tayaiva vizeSatayA kaverAtmA svarUpaM ca nirdhAryate / ramaNIyAbhivyaktiH kAvyam / ramaNIyatvaM kAvye camatkRtikAri / ramaNIyatvasya mUlaM rItiH / rIte-. lakSyamasti-saundaryasya sRSTi:, rasAnuguNaM padasaMyojanaM ca / . vaidarbhI rItiH-sarvaprathamaM bANasyoktau 'utprekSA dAkSiNAtyeSu' (harSacarita 1-7) dAkSiNAtyazailInAmnA vaidAH saMketo lakSyate / bhAmahAnusAraM rItidvayam-vaidarbhI gauDI ceti / tadanantaraM daNDI prAdezikaM vaiziSTyam anAdRtya guNamUlakaM rItivibhAjanaM vidhatte / zleSAdidazaguNaviziSTA vaidarbhI / zleSaH prasAdaH samatA mAdhurya sukumaartaa| arthvyktirudaartvmojH-kaantismaadhyH|| iti vaidarbhamArgasya prANA dazaguNAH smRtAH / kAvyAdarza vAmano rItiM tredhA vibhajati sA tredhA vaidarbhI gauDIyA pAJcAlI ceti / kAvyA0 2-9 viziSTapradezIyakavibhistathAvidhazailyAH samAzrayeNa vaidarbhAdikaM nAmAzrIyate / uktaM ca-vidarbhAdiSu dRSTatvAt ttsmaakhyaa| kAvyA0 2-10 / sphuTamucyate vAmanena yad-'vidarbha-gauDa-pAJcAleSu tatratyaiH kavibhiryathAsvarUpam upalabdhatvAt ttsmaakhyaa| na punardezaiH kiJcid upakriyate kAvyA-- nAm' / ( kAvyA0 2-10) vaidarbhI-rIterlakSaNam-vAmanaH vaidarbhI lakSayati___ samagraguNA vaidarbho / kAvyA0 2-11 ojaHprasAdAdi-pUrvoktadazaguNairupetA vaidarbhI nAma rItiH / vaidarbhIrItiviSayakaM zlokadvayaM tenollikhyate aspRSTA doSamAtrAbhiH smgrgunngumphitaa| vipaJcIsvarasaubhAgyA vaidarbho rItiriSyate // yA doSAdibhiraspRSTA, samagraguNasaMpannA, vINAsvaramanohAriNI ca sA vaidarbhI rItiH / anye ca kavayo vaidarbhImevaM stuvanti /

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76 saMskRtanibandhazatakam sati vaktari satyarthe sati zabdAnuzAsane / __ asti tanna vinA yena parisravati vAGmadhu // vaidarbhIrItyAstathA mahattvaM yathA zabdArthAdivaiziSTye satyapi vaidarbhI-rIti vinA na vAGmadha sravati, na ca ramyatvaM jAyate / vAmanena vaidarbhIrItyA udAharaNaM zAkuntalAt prastUyate gAhantAM mahiSA nipAnasalilaM zRGgairmuhustADitaM chAyAbaddhakadambakaM mRgakulaM romanthamabhyasyatu / vizrabdhaM kurutAM varAhatatibhirmustAkSatiH palvale vizrAnti labhatAmidaM ca zithilajyAbandhamasmaddhanuH // zAku0 2-6 vAmanAnusAraM tisRNAM rItInAM vaidaryeva grAhyA guNasAkalyAt / uktaM ca-'tAsAM pUrvA ( vaidarbhI ) grAhyA guNasAkalyAt / na punaritare stokaguNatvAt / ' ( kAvyA0 2-14, 15) / rudraTo vaidarbhImevaM prastauti asamastaikasamastA dazabhirguNaizca vedarbho / vargadvitIyabahalA svalpaprANAkSarA ca suvidheyaa| kAvyA0 rudraTaH zRGgAra-karuNarasayorvedAH prayogaM zaMsati / rAjazekharo vidarbhaprAnte kAvyapuruSasya sAhityavadhvAzca gAndharva vivAhamullikhya vaidarbhIrItyAH sarvotkRSTatvaM sAdhayati / bhojarAjaH SaTsu rItiSu vaidarbhImapi ullikhati / tena vaidarbhIrItyA guNA ucyante-asamAsA, zleSAdinavaguNagumphitA, sAnuprAsA, zrutimadhurA, atisukumArabandhA ca / vizvanAthastallakSaNaM nirdizati mAdhuryavyaJjakairvarNaM racanA llitaatmikaa| avRttiralpavRttirvA vaidarbhI rItiriSyate // sA0 darpaNa 9-2 anaGgamaGgalabhuvastadapAGgasya bhnggyH| janayanti muhuryanAmantaHsantApasaMtatim // tadudAharaNaM ca tena prastUyate kAlidAso vaidarbhIrItyAH sarvamAnyaH sarvazreSThazca kaviH / tasya kAvye vAGmadhu kSarati / tathA tasya kAvye mAdhuyaM sahRdayAhlAdakatvaM ca yathA sarvairapi "kaviH kAlidAsaH' iti sa stUyate / tasya vacomAdhuryaM diGamAtram udAhriyate sarasijamanuviddhaM zaivalenApi ramyaM ___ malinamapi himAMzolakSma lakSmI tanoti / iyamadhikamanojJA valkenApi tanvI kimiva hi madhurANAM maNDanaM nAkRtInAm // zAku0 1-20 evaM samagraguNatvAt lalitakramatvAcca vaidarbhI preSThA /

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23. zabdArthayoH samo gumphaH pAJcAlI rItiriSyate roterlakSaNam-'rIGgatAviti dhAtoH sA vyutpattyA rItirucyate' evaM sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNe zrIbhojarAjo rIteyutpattimUlakam artha bodhayan mArgaH panthA vA ityartha bodhayati / tasya TIkAkRd rAmasiMho'pi 'rItizabdo mArga-- paryAyaH' iti rItiM paribhASate / AcAryavidyAdharo 'rasocitazabdArthanibandhanaM rItiH' iti rIti paribhASate / AcAryavizvanAtho rIti lakSayati padasaMghaTanA rItiraGgasaMsthAvizeSavat / upako rasAdInAm / sA0 darpaNa 9-1 rItizabdaH zailIparyAyaH / rItiviziSTA bhaNitibhaGgI padasaMghaTanA vaa| sA rasaM bhAvaM vA'bhivyanakti / rItyaiva kAvye camatkRtirvaiziSTayaM ramyatvaM vA saMlakSyate / rItireva kaveH kalAtmikI pravRtti dyotayati / rItirvacobhaGgorUpeNa kaveH-vacaH, paddhatim, bhAvAbhivyaJjanasaraNim, lokArAdhanakSamatAM ca dyota-- yati / rItirbAhyasvarUpa-prakAzanena samaM kaverantazcintanamapi prakaTayati / pAJcAlIrIterlakSaNam--bANena sarvaprathamam-'pratIcyeSvarthamAtrakam' ( harSacarita 1-7) iti vyAharatA pAJcAlIrItyAH saMketaH kriyate / vAmano roti tredhA vibhajati sA tredhA vaidarbhI gauDIyA pAJcAlI ceti / kAvyAlaMkAra 2-9 tattatpradezadRSTatvAt pAJcAlyAdinAmotpattiH / uktaM ca vidarbhAdiSa duSTatvAta ttsmaakhyaa| kAvyA0 2-10 vAmanaH pAJcAlIM lakSayati mAdhuryasaukumAryopapannA paanycaalii| kAvyA0 2-13 yatra mAdhuryaM saukumArya ca guNau bhavatastatra pAJcAlI rItiriSyate / lakSaNAntaram uddharatA tenocyate azliSTazlathabhAvAM tAM pUraNacchAyayA zritAm / madhurAM sukumArAM ca pAJcAlIM kavayo viduH|| yatra gADhatvAbhAvaH, samAsabAhulyAbhAvaH, madhuratvaM sukumAratA ca, tatra paJcAAlI rItiH / vAmanena tadudAharaNaM prastUyate grAme'smin pathikAya naiva vasatiH pAnthA'dhunA dIyate rAtrAvatra vihAramaNDapatale pAnthaH prasupto yuvaa| tenotthAya khalena garjati ghane smRtvA priyAM tat kRtaM yenAdyApi karaGkadaNDapatanAzaDI janastiSThati //

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78 saMskRtanibandhazatakam rudraTaH samAsamUlakaM rItevibhAjanaM kurute / tanmatAnusAraM 'dvitripadA 'pAJcAlI' ( kAvyAlaMkAra ) / zRGgAra-karuNa-rasayovarNane sA prazasyate vaidarbhIpAJcAlyau preyasi karuNe / ( kAvyAlaMkAra ) karpUramaJjaryA maGgalAcaraNe rAjazekharaH pAJcAlImapi stauti / sa rItitrayameva svIkaroti / tatra sarasvatyA nivAsaM manute vaidarbhI gauDIyA pAJcAlI ceti riitystisrH|| Asu ca sAkSAnivasati sarasvatI tena lakSyante / kAvyamImAMsA bhojarAjo'pi SaDvidharotivarNane pAJcAlImapi ullikhati / tanmatAnusAraM pAJcAlI-lakSaNaM vartate samastapaJcaSapadAmojaHkAnti-samanvitAm / madhurAM sukumArAM ca pAJcAlI kavayo viduH|| tanmatAnusAram anatidIrghasamAsayuktA, ojaHkAntiguNayuktA, madhurA, sukumArA ca rItiH pAJcAlI iti / vizvanAthaH sAhityadarpaNe rIticatuSTayasya varNane pAJcAlI lakSayati varNaiH zeSaH punrdvyoH| samastapaJcaSapado bandhaH pAJcAlikA matA // sA9 da0 9-4 tanmatAnusAraM prasAdaguNavyaJjakaivarNairyuktAH paJcaSapadasamAsayuktA paanycaalii| tadudAharaNaM tena mAghasya mAdhuryasaukumAryaguNasaMpRkta: zlokaH prastUyate madhurayA mdhubodhitmaadhviimdhusmRddhismedhitmedhyaa| madhukarAGganayA muhurunmadadhvanibhRtA nibhRtaakssrmujjge| pAJcAlIrItyAH prathitatamaH kaviNiH / tena kAdambaryAM vaidarbhIgauDIrItyoH samanvayena yA lalitapadakramA zailI AzrIyate, sA sarvajanahRdyA manoramA ca / tatra kvacit prasAdaguNacchaTA, kvacid mAdhuryam, kvacid ojoguNasyApi saMmizraNam / evaM bANasya zailI sarvajanAhlAdakAriNI sarvakavigrAhyA ca sNvRttaa| yathA ( ka ) na paricayaM rakSati / nAdhijanamIkSate / na rUpamAlokayate / na kulakramamanuvartate / na zolaM pazyati / na vaidagdhyaM gaNayati // ( kaadmbrii)| ( kha ) krameNa ca kRtaM me vapuSi vasanta iva madhumAsena, madhumAsa iva navapallavena, navapallava iva kusumena, kusuma iva madhukareNa, madhukara iva madena, navayauvanena padam / ( kAdambarI) / evaM zabdArthayoH samabhAvena gumphanena pAJcAlIrItervaiziSTayaM sidhyati / .

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24. kAvyazobhAkarAn dharmAn alaMkArAn pracakSate / (alaMkAra-saMpradAyaH) alaMkArasya mahattvam-alaMkarotIti alaMkAraH, alaMkriyate'neneti vA alaMkAraH / ubhayathApi alaMkaraNasAdhanam alaMkAra iti abhISyate / alaMkArANAmapi kAvye mahanmahattvam / 'na kAntamapi nibhUSaM vibhAti vanitAnanam / gaNagauravasampannA'pi vanitA yathA sAlaGkAraiva zobhate, na tthaa'lNkaarvihiinaa| evameva zabdArthayoH saundaryAdhAyakaM tattvam alNkaarH| alakAraH zabdArthayona kevalaM saundaryameva samedhayati, api tu tatra camatkRtimapi AdadhAti / saiva camatkRtiH kvacid upamAdirUpeNa, kvacid atizayoktyA, kvacid vakroktyA, kvacicca kevalaM zabdasAmyamUlakena anuprAsena dyotyate / yadyapi kAvyAtmarUpeNa nAsya mahattvam, tathApi zabdArthazarIrasya bAhyasaundaryavardhanena samaM rasAdInapi poSayati / alaMkArasya tAdRzaM mahattvaM yathA zarIre'laMkArANAM vastrAdInAM vA / yathA sakalaguNasamanvito'pi mAnavo nirvasano na zobhate, alaMkArarahitA nArI yathA na zobhate, tathaivAlaMkArahInaM kAvyam / udghoSyate caitat alaMkArarahitA vidhavaiva sarasvatI / agnipurANa yadapi sujAti sulacchanA subarana sarasa suvRtta / bhUSana bina na birAjaI kabitA banitA mitta // alaMkAra-lakSaNam-alaMkAratattvajJa AcAryo daNDI kAvyAdarza alaMkAraM lakSayati __ kAvyazobhAkarAn dharmAn alaMkArAn pracakSate // kAvyAdarza 2-1 vAmanaH-'saundaryamalaMkAraH' ( kAvyAlaMkArasUtra 1-2) iti abhidadhat kAvyazAstragataM sarvamapi saundaryam alaMkArazabdena parigRhNAti / 'sa doSaguNAlaMkAra-hAnAdAnAbhyAm' ( kAvyA0 1-3) doSANAM parityAgAt guNAnAm alaMkArANAM copAdAnena kAvye saundaryarUpo'laMkAro jAyate / mammaTo'laMkAraM lakSayatiupakurvanti taM santaM ye'GgadvAreNa jAtucit / hArAdivadalaMkArAste'nuprAsopamAdayaH ||kaavy0 8-67 / vizvanAthazcAlaMkAraM lakSayati zabdArthayorasthirA ye dharmAH shobhaatishaayinH|| rasAdInupakurvanto'laMkArAste'GgadAdivat // sA0 da0 10-1 alaMkArA aGgadAdivat zabdArthayoH zobhAvardhakAH, rasAdInAM copakartAraH / prasAdAdiguNavat alaMkArA na aparihAryAH, ataevaite asthirA dharmA ucyante /

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saMskRta nibandhazatakam alaMkArANAM kAvye sthAnam - viSaye'smin vividhA vipratipattiH / rItivAdino'laMkAravAdinazca kAvye'laMkArasya sthitim anivAryAM manyante / vAmano bhaNati - 80 kAvyazobhAyAH kartAro dharmA guNAH / kAvyA0 3-1 tadatizayahetavastvalaMkArAH // kAvyA0 3 - 2 guNAH kAvyazobhAjanakAH, alaMkArAstu tadatizayasampAdanasAdhanAH / evam alaMkArANAM mahattvaM jAyate / dhvanivAdina Anandavardhana-mammaTAdayo'laMkArANAM mahattvaM na svIkurvate / yathA coktaM kAvyalakSaNe mammaTena tadadoSau zabdArthau saguNAvanalaMkRtI punaH kvApi / kAvyA0 1-4 atra 'analaMkRtI punaH kvApi' ityanena sUcyate yad alaMkArAbhAve'pi na kAvye kApi kSatiH / mammaTa-lakSaNe vyaGgayaM kurvan candrAlokakAro jayadevo'bhidhatte - yad alaMkArarahitasya kAvyasya kalpanA tathaiva hAsyAspadA yathA uSNatvaguNarahitasya vhneH| uktaM ca tena-- aGgIkaroti yaH kAvyaM zabdArthAvanalaGkRtI / asau na manyate kasmAd anuSNamanalaM kRtI // candrAloka 1-8 jayadevaH prasiddhayA kaveH prauDhivazena vA zabdArthayormanoharaM saMnivezam alaMkAraM svIkaroti, yathA hArAdInAM manoharatvenAdhAnam / so'laMkAraM kAvyasyAnivAryadharmatvenAGgIkaroti / zabdArthayoH prasiddhayA vA kaveH prauDhivazena vA / hArAdivadalaMkAraH sannivezo manoharaH // candrAloka 5-1 alaMkArANAM vikAsaH -- alaMkArANAM sarvaprathamam ullekho bharatakRte nATyazAstre prApyate / tatra yamaka upamA-rUpaka - dIpakAnIti catvAro'laMkArA nirdizyante / agnipurANe 15 alaMkArAH, vAmanakRte kAvyAlaMkArasUtre 33 alaMkArAH, daNDikRte kAvyAdarze 35 alaMkArAH, bhAmahakRte kAvyAlaMkAre 39 alaMkArAH, udbhaTakRte kAvyAlaMkArasArasaMgrahe 41 alaMkArAH, rudraTakRte kAvyAlaMkAre 52 alaMkArAH, mammaTakRte kAvyaprakAze 67 alaMkArAH, vizvanAthakRte sAhityadarpaNe 84 alaMkArAH, jayadevakRte candrAloke 100 alaMkArAH, appayadIkSitakRte kuvalayAnande 124 alaMkArAH paNDitarAja jagannAthakRte rasagaGgAghare 180 alaMkArA vivicyante / evaM kramazo'laMkArANAM vRddhirlakSyate / , alaMkArANAM vargIkaraNam - alaMkAra sarvasvasya nirmAtrA ruyyakeNa sarve'pyalaMkArAH saptabhAgeSu vibhAjitAH / tadAdhArameva paravartibhirapi kAvyazAstrajJaiH saptadhA vibhAjanaM kriyate /

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kAvyazobhAkarAn dharmAn alaMkArAn pracakSate 81 (1) sAdRzyamUlakA alaMkArAH-upamA, upameyopamA, ananvayAdayaH sAdRzyamUlakAH caturdhA vibhajyante-bhedAbhedapradhAnAH, AropamUlakAbhedapradhAnAH, adhyavasAyamUlakAbhedapradhAnAH, gamyaupamyamUlakAzca / (2) virodhamUlakA vaiSamyamUlakA vA alaMkArA:-asaMgatiH, viSamaH, virodhAbhAsaH, vizeSoktiH, samAdayaH / (3) kramamUlakAH zRMkhalAbandhamUlakA vA alaMkArAH-kAraNamAlA, ekAvalI, mAlAdIpakam, sArAdayaH / ( 4 ) nyAyamUlakA alaMkArAH-ete tridhA vibhajyante-tarkanyAyamUlakAH, vAkyanyAyamUlakAH, lokanyAyamUlakAzca / kAvyaliGgam, anumAnam, yathAsaMkhyam, pratIpam, tadguNAdayaH / (5) kAraNa-kArya-saMbandhamUlakA alaMkArAH-vibhAvanA, hetUtprekSA, atizayoktyAdayaH / (6 ) niSedhamUlakAH-apaha nutiH, vyatirekaH, vinoktyAdayaH / (7) gUDhArthapratItimUlakAH-paryAyoktiH, samAsoktiH, vyAjastutiH, vyAjanindA, mudrAdayaH / zabdArthadRSTyA alaMkArAstridhA vibhajyante-zabdAlaMkArAH, arthAlaMkArAH, ubhayAlaMkArAzca / tatra zabdAlaMkArA anuprAsAdayaH / arthAlaMkArA upamArUpakotprekSAdayaH / ubhayAlaMkAre zleSo gRhyate, zabdAlaMkAratvAd arthaalNkaartvaacc| __ zabdAlaMkArArthAlaMkArayorbhedaH tAvanirUpyate yad-zabdaparivartanAsahatve zabdAlaMkAraH, zabdaparivartanasahatve cArthAlaMkAraH / zabdAlaMkAre zabdaparivartanenAlaMkArakSatiH, arthAlaMkAre tu zabdaparivarttane satyapi nAlaMkArahAniH / ___evaM vijJAyate yat kAvye'laMkArANAM tadeva mahattva yajjIvane vastrAdInAm AbhUSaNAnAM ca / yathA coktaM kenApi vAsaH pradhAnaM khalu yogyatAyA vAsovihInaM vijahAti lkssmiiH| pItAmbaraM vIkSya dadau tanUjA, digambaraM vIkSya viSaM smudrH|| sAlaMkRtasya niralaMkRtasya ca kAvyasya tathAvidham eva vaiSamyam / guNAlaMkRtisampannaiva kRtiH sudhIbhirAsvAdyate, vibudhajanavandyatAM copayAti / vacobhaGgI, camatkRtiH, vakroktiH, anuprAsaprabhA ca aindradhanuSImAbhAM kAvye saMnidadhAti / etAdRzaM kAvyaM kasya na sacetasazceto mohayati / ataH sAdhUcyate ___ kAvyazobhAkarAn dharmAn alaMkArAn prcksste|

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25. satyaM zivaM sundaram satyaM tattvArthasaMpuSTaM zivaM lokahitArthakRt / sundaraM hRdayanAhi kAvyaM kAvyajuSAM priyam // ( kapilasya ) vAkyasya mUlaM pracalanaM ca-'satyaM zivaM sundaram' ityetad vAkyaM yadyapi na vedAdimUlakam, tathApi bhAratIyasaMskRteH AnurUpyaM dadhad videzIyamapi vAkyaM svIyamiva svIkriyate / etasya vAkyasya mUlaM gaveSitaM cet tahi etasya mUlaM yunAnadezajasya prasiddhadArzanikasya vikhyAtatattvajJasya pleTomahAbhAgasya kAvyAdiviSaye nidite vAkya eva samupalabhyate / 'The True, the Good, the Beautiful.' ( Plato ) atra tena kAvyAdiSu satyasya zivasya saundaryasya ca samAhAro vihitaH / 'satyaM zivaM sundaram' ityetad vAkyaM sarvaprathama bhAratavarSe brahmasamAjasaMsthApakena zrIrAjArAmamohanarAyamahAbhAgena svakIye brahmasamAje pravartitam / tatazca baGgadezIyavAGmayamAdhyamena hindI-sAhitye'pi pracalitam / / etadbhAvasya bhAratIyatvam-vAkyametad yadyapi na bhAratIyaM tathApi kAvyAdInAm uddezyatvena te bhAvA yatra tatra svIkriyante prathante ca / 'raso vai sH| rasaM hyevAyaM labdhvAnandI bhavati' (tai0 upa0 2-7) iti taittirIyopaniSadi procyate / yatra yatra rasatvaM tatra tatra mAdhuyaM saundarya cAbhISyate / mammaTena kAvyaprakAze kAvyaprayojanatvenAbhidhIyate kAvyaM yazase'rthakRte vyavahAravide shivtrksstye| sadyaH paranirvRtaye kAntAsaMmitatayopadezayuje // kAvya0 1-2 ityatra 'zivatarakSataye' ityanena zivasya, 'sadyaH paranirvRtaye' 'kAntA saMmitatayopadezayuje' iti padadvayena mAdhuryasya saundaryasya ca samanvayo lakSyate / 'hitaM manohAri ca durlabhaM vacaH' ( kirAtA0 1-4 ) ityatra bhAravikavinA zivasya sundarasya ca sAmaJjasyaM samarthyate / 'sAhitya-saMgIta-kalAvihInaH sAkSAt pazuH pucchAviSANahInaH' ityatrApi sAhityena satyasya, saMgItena mAdhuryasya zivasya ca, kalAzabdena saundaryasya ca samanvayo'bhISyate / sAhitya-zabda-vyutpattau 'hitena sahitaM sahitam, sahitasya bhAvaH sAhityam' hitazabdena zivasyApi saMkalanaM sAhitye'bhidhIyate / kAvyasya rasAnubhaterbrahmAnanda-sahodaratvena mAdhuryasamanvitatvam AnandAtmakatvaM ca svokriyate / 'satyaM brUyAt priyaM brUyAt, na brUyAt satyamapriyam' ityatra satyasya zivasya ca smaahaaro'pekssyte|

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satyaM zivaM sundaram uttararAmacarite bhavabhUtiH sUnRtAM vAcaM stotitamAm - kAmaM dugdhe viprakarSatyalakSmI koti sUte durhRdo niSpralAti / zuddhAM zAntAM mAtaraM maGgalAnAM dhenuM dhIrAH sUnRtAM vAcamAhuH // 83 uttara0 5-30 'priyaM ca satyaM ca vaco hi sUnRtam' iti sUnRtazabde satyasya sundarasya ca grahaNam / 'mAtaraM maGgalAnAm' ityanena zivasya ca grahaNam / evaM ' sUnRta ' - zabde 'satyaM zivaM sundaram' ityasya mUlaM prApyate / bRhadAraNyakopaniSadi saiSA vAg brahmarUpeNa stUyate vAgvai samrAT paramaM brahma / bRhadA0 4-1-2 satyaM brahmeti satyaM hyeva brahma / bRhadA0 5-4-1 mANDUkyopaniSadi brahma 'zAntaM zivam advaitam ( mA0 7 ) ityevaMrUpeNa pratipAdyate / brahma zivaM gRhyate / kAvyaM ca brahma-prAptisAdhanatvAd brahmagataguNAnAM grAhakaM syAt / ataH kAvye zivatvasya saMkalanam anivAryam / brahmaNaH 'saccidAnanda'-nAmanyapi satyasya zivatvarUpajJAnasya Anandasya ca grahaNaM kriyate / kecana sarasvatyAH svarUpe jJAnapratIkena pustakena satyasya, haMsena nIrakSIra-vivekarUpa-zivatvasya, vINayA kamalena ca saundaryasyopAdAnaM manvate / kecanAcAryAH satye zivasya, zive saundaryasya ca darzanaM vidadhati / sAhitye 'satyaM zivaM sundaram' trayametat samanvitam apekSyate / eteSAm ekatamasyApyabhAve kAvyatvahAni: / 'satyaM zivaM sundaram' ityatra uttarottaram utkarSo'GgIkriyate / kAvye satyAt zivasya, zivAcca saundaryasya mahattvam abhISTam / satyam - kiM nAma satyam ? kAvye satyazabdena na dArzanikaM vaijJAnikaM vA satyam apekssyte| vaijJAnikaM satyaM vizleSaNapradhAnaM saundaryAnubhUti - virahitaM ca / dArzanikaM satyaM tu kevalaM buddhiM prabhAvayati, na tu tad hRdayasparza mana:prasAdajanayitR bhAvodbodhanakSamaM ca / kAvye satyazabdena svAnubhUtijanyaM kalpanAlaMkRtaM hRdayasparzi ca satyaM gRhyate / tadetat satyaM hRdayam AhlAdayati, buddhiM vikAsayati, cetaH prasAdayati, anubhUti vizadayati, sadbhAvAn vistArayati, prasuptAH cittavRttIrudbodhya vikAsAbhimukhaM vidhatte / kavisaMmataM satyaM ramyataraM naisargikam anubhUtipradhAnaM ca bhavati / kavisaMmataM satyaM na saundarya - vyaktiriktam, tatrAnubhUteH kalpanAyAzcAzrayaNena saundaryasaMjuSTaM zivAtmakaM ca satyam abhISyate / kalpanAmUlake satye'pi anubhUteH prAdhAnyAt na satyatvaM bhidyate / I

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saMskRta nibandhazatakam - zivam -- 'zivam' ityasya kiM svarUpam ? ' zivam prAdhAnyena dharmazAstrAdInAM sAmAjikazAstrANAM ca viSayaH / parahitaniratatvaM parArthasAdhanatvaM lokakalyANajanakatvaM ca, na kevalaM vyaSTeH api tu samaSTerapi, zivazabdenAbhISyate / zivatvena jagaddhitakarAH, AcArAdipariSkArakAH, naitikabhAvasaMpoSakAzca bhAvA gRhyante / kAvye tathAvidhabhAvAnAm upAdeyatvamanivAryam / arthAd etadapi Apadyate yat lokasya ahitakarAH, AcAravicArasaMdUSakAzca bhAvAH kAvye pariyA: parihAryAzca / zivatvam AdarzAnvayi yathArthAvagAhi nItitattvapravaNaM ca / yato hi yatra yatra zivatvaM tatra tatra AdarzAnvayitvam / kaviH AdarzAnvayi zivatve'pi satyasya saundaryasya ca samAhAram apekSate / kaviH saundaryapravaNatvAt kurUpe'pi surUpatvam, azive'pi zivatvam, amaGgale'pi maGgalatvam, nIrase'pi sarasatvaM saMcArayati / 84 sundaram -- kiM nAma sundaraM saundaryaM vA ? bAhyaM saundaryaM locana yugalena AbhyantaraM ca saundaryaM hRdayena gRhyate / kAvye 'sundaram' ityanena ramyatvaM manojJatvaM hRdyatvaM cAbhISyate / kiM nAma madhuratvaM ramyatvaM vA ? iti jijJAsAsAM mAghena nirUpyate kSaNe kSaNe yantravatAmupaiti, tadeva rUpaM ramaNIyatAyAH / zizu0 4-17 etadeva ca kAvye lAvaNya-zabdena pratipAdyate / lAvaNyasya lakSaNam -- muktAphaleSu chAyAyAstaralatvamivAntarA / saMlakSyate yadaGgeSu tallAvaNyamihocyate // tathAvidhaM lAvaNyaM ramyatvaM ca kAvye'pi apekSyate / kAvyaM hi rasAtmakam / rasAtmakatvAdatra trayANAmapi tattvanAM samAhAro'bhISTaH / satyaM zivAtmakaM syAt, zivaM ca saundaryasaMvItaM syAt / evaM tattvatrayasyaitasya samavAyena kAvyatvaM saMpAdyate / guNatrayasamanvitaM ca kAvyaM nirduSTaM sat lokArAdhanakSamam / guNatrayasaMpuSTazca kaviH rasasiddho'jaromarazca saMjAyate / uktaM ca jayanti te sukRtino rasasiddhAH kavIzvarAH / nAsti yeSAM yazaHkAye jarAmaraNajaM bhayam //

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26. eko rasaH karuNa eva kAruNyaM jagato mUlaM kAvyamUlaM nisrgtH| karuNArdrasya svAntasya rasasiddhiranuttamA // ( kapilasya ) karuNasya svarUpam-kiM nAma jIvitam ? jIvitaM hi paJcaSadinAnAM sukhAnubhUtiH, bhUyasAM ca vAsarANAM duHkhAnubhUtiH / jIvane sukhaduHkhayoH, harSazokayoH, sneharoSayoH, mitratvazatrutvayoH, rAgavirAgayoH, saMbhogavipralambhayoH, janinAzayoH samanvayo darIdRzyate / nahi sukha-vyatiriktaM duHkham, sukhaM ca duHkhavyatiriktam / cakravad dvayoH parivartanavRttitvam / 'cakravat parivartante duHkhAni ca sukhAni c|' jagataH svarUpaM vivicyate cet tarhi tasya vinazvaratvaM kSaNabhaGgaratvaM zUnyatvam asAratvaM ca pratipadaM prekSyate / jIvanasya kSaNabhaGguratvaM nirIkSyaiva zoko glAnirnairAzyam audAsInyaM ca pravartante / jIvane sukhaduHkhayoH, harSazokayozca uccAvacatvaM nyUnatvAdhikyaM ca parIkSyate cet tarhi duHkhasya zokasya ca bhUyastvaM parilakSyate / jagato nazvaratAM prekSya tattvajJaiH tadasAratApratipAdanAt nivRttimArgaH prastAvitaH / jIvanaM zokabahulam, iSTanAza-aniSTaprAptyAdiprasaMgAt / karuNasya vaividhyam-karuNarase zoka eva sthAyibhAvatvenAzrIyate / karuNo hi rasaH cittadravatAm ApAdya lokahRdayena sAdhAraNIkaraNaM vidadhAti / karuNarasa eva kvacid dayAbhAvena, kvacit sahAnubhUtirUpeNa, kvacit samavedanAtattvena samanvitaM sad nAnArUpatvaM vaividhyaM cApnoti / sa eva dampatyorekatarasya nidhane karuNarasatvaM prApnoti, dampatyorekatarasya viyogamAtre vipralambhazRGgAratvam aapdyte| mAtAputrayoH, mAtAputryoH, bhrAtRduhitroH, svasroH, sakhyoH, iSTayorvA viyoge nAnAbhAvabhedena vaividhyam Rcchan nAnArasatvam AsAdayati / duHkhamUlake sukhe, vipralambhamUlake saMbhoge, zokamUlake harSe, paraduHkhakAtaratAjanya-sahAnubhUtI, iSTanAzAntarajAtasantatau vAtsalye, vinaSTeSTajanApatye vIratve, viyogaduHkhAntarasaMjAtasaMyoge saMbhogazRMGgAratve ca kAruNyasyaiva prAdhAnyam / karuNamUlatvAccaiteSAM bhAvAnAM karuNarasajanyatvaM pratipAdyate / evameva sarve'pi rasAH karuNarase nibddhaaH| karuNamUlatvam udvIkSyaiva sarveSAM rasAnAM bhavabhUtinA udghoSyate yat eko, rasaH karuNa eva nimittabhedAd bhinnaH pRthak pRthagiva zrayate vivartAn / Avarta-bubuda-taraGgamayAn vikArAn ambho yathA salilameva hi tat samastam // uttara0 3-47 .

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam bhavabhaterabhimataM sarveSAM rasAnAM karuNamUlatvam / karuNarasAdeva sarveSAM rasAnAm AvirbhAvaH / yathA salilamekameva sad bhramyAdirUpeNa nAnAbhedAn Apadyate, tathaiva karuNo raso'pi vaividhyaM pratipadyate / sa eva kvacit karuNarasaH, kvacid vipralambhazRGgAraH, kvacicca rasAntaram / ___ karuNarasAt kAvyotpattiH--karuNarase cittadravIbhAvaH / sa eva kAvyasya mUlam / nAntareNa cittadravatvaM tAttviko sAttvikI anubhUtiH / naisargika cittadravatvameva karuNabhAvAvege kAvyam AvirbhAvayati / ataeva kAvyasyotpattirapi karuNamUlaiva udgIryate / krauJcadvandvaviyogajanyaM kAruNyam Azrityaiva mahAkavervAlmIke: prathamA kAvyAbhivyakti: mA niSAda pratiSThAM tvamagamaH zAzvatIH smaaH| yatkrauJcamithunAdekamavadhIH kAmamohitam // rAmA0 1-2-15 etadevAzritya dhvanyAlokakAreNa AnandavardhanenocyatekAvyasyAtmA sa evArthastathA cAdikaveH puraa| krauJcadvandvaviyogotthaH zokaH shloktvmaagtH||dhvnyaa0 1-5 Anandavardhanena rAmAyaNasya karuNarasAnvitatvaM karuNarasaprAdhAnyaM ca sphUTamudghoSyate / vAlmIkinA AdyantaM karuNarasasya nirvAho'pi vyadhAyi / 'rAmAyaNe hi karuNo rasaH svayamAdikavinA sUtritaH 'zokaH zlokatvamAgataH' ityevaMvAdinA / niyaMDhazca sa eva sItAtyantaviyogaparyantameva svprbndhmuprcytaa|' dhvanyA0 5-5 TIkA hindIbhASAyAmapi sumitrAnandanapantamahAbhAgenaiSa evAbhiprAyo vinyasta:viyogI hogA pahalA kavi, Aha se upajA hogA gAna / umar3akara A~khoM se cupacApa, bahI hogI kavitA anajAna // rasAnAm utkarSApakarSatvaM vivecite sati sphuTametad avagamyate yat karuNaraso yathA prabhaviSNuH hRdayadrAvI mArmikazca, na tathA rasAntaram / karuNe svAnubhUtiH svAbhAvikyA rItyA prakAzyate / yathA naisargikaH pravAhaH, sarasatvaM madhuratvaM cetaH-prasAdajanakatvaM karuNarase upalabhyate, na tathA'nyatra / saMbhogazRGgAravarNane na tathA vaiziSTyaM mAdhuryaM ca, yathA vipralambhe / ataeva zRGgAre'pi vipralambhasya mahattvam udIryate ___na vinA vipralambhena saMbhogaH puSTimaznute / mAdhuryaM karuNarase vipralambhazRGgAre zAntarase ca vaiziSTyaM bhajate / ata. evocyate mammaTena navina

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eko rasaH karuNa eva AhlAdakatvaM mAdhurya zRGgAre drutikAraNam / karuNe vipralambhe tacchAnte cAtizayAnvitam // kAvya0 8-68, 69 AMglabhASAyAH kavivareNa zailI ( P. B. Shelley ) mahAbhAgenApi etadeva nigadyate Our sweetest songs are those That tell of saddest thought'. ( Skylark) uttararAmacarite karuNarasaH-mahAkavinA bhavabhUtinA uttararAmacarite svIyaH siddhAnto'yaM karuNarasamUlakAnAM vividharasAnAM nidarzanaiH saMpoSyate / ' sItAviyogaviSaNNasya rAmabhadrasya karuNarasamUlakaM vipralambhazRGgAraM varNayati athedaM rakSobhiH kanakahariNacchadmavidhinA tathA vRttaM pApairvyathayati yathA kssaalitmpi| janasthAne zUnye vikalakaraNairAryacaritai rapi grAvA rodityapi dalati vajrasya hRdayam // uttara0 1-28 sItAviyoga-santapto rAmaH karuNarasasvarUpa evAbhUt anibhinno gbhiirtvaadntrguddhghnvythH| puTapAkapratIkAzo rAmasya karuNo rsH|| uttara0 3-1 . sItAyA api taadRshyevaavsthaa| sApi karuNasya mUrtiH, zarIriNI virahavyatheva ca pratibhAti karuNasya mUtirathavA zarIriNI virahavyatheva vanameti jAnako // uttara0 3-4 karuNarasamUlaM vAtsalyaM yathA raamkRt-lvaalinggn-vrnnneprinntktthor-pusskrgrbhcchdpiinmsRnn-sukumaarH| nandayati candracandananiSyandajaDastava sprshH|| uttara0 6-13 karuNamUlako raudraraso yathA rAmakRtasItAparityAgasantaptasya janakasyoktI etad vaizasavajraghorapatanaM zazvanmamotpazyataH krodhasya jvalituM jhaTityavasarazcApena zApena vA // uttara0 4-25 tatraiva karuNamUlakasya zAntarasasya ca varNanam / yathA1. vistRtavivecanArtha draSTavyam-lekhakasaMpAdita-'uttararAmacaritasya' bhUmikAbhAgaH, pR0 98-101 /

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam zAntaM vA raghunandane tadubhayaM tatputrabhANDaM hi me bhUyiSThadvijabAlavRddhavikalastraiNazca pauro jnH|| uttara0 4-25 karuNarasamUlasya vIrarasasya varNanaM yathAjyAjihvayA valayitotkaTakoTidaMSTra mudbharighora-ghanagharghara-ghoSametat / grAsaprasaktahasadantakavaktayantra jRmbhA-viDambi vikaTodaramastu cApam // uttara04-29 . candraketu-lavayoryuddhavarNane karuNarasamUlako vIraraso varNyate / evaM sidhyati yat kAvyasya mUlaM karuNarase eva nibaddham / kAruNyAplutacetasaH sarasabhAvAvagAhitvAt kalpanApravaNatvAd anubhUtisaMjuSTatvAcca sahRdayatvaM sahAnubhUtisamanvitatvaM ca / yatra sahRdayatvaM sahAnubhUtiH kalpanA mArmikAnubhUtizca tatra kAvyatvam / tathAvidhaiva kRtiH sahRdayAhlAdakAriNI vidvajjanamanojJA lokamanastoSiNI ca / etad vicAryava bhavabhUtinA procyate eko rasaH karuNa ev|

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27. zabdazaktayaH asti zabdeSu zaktiH / tayA zaktyaiva zabdaH svAbhISTamarthaM dyotayati / yadi zabdeSu zaktirna syAt tahi kRte'pi ghore prayatne'rthabodho na syAt / ataeva bhartRhariNA procyate viSayatvamanApannaiH zabdai rthaH prkaashyte| na sattayaiva te'rthAnAmagRhItAH prakAzakAH // vAkya01-56 viSayatvaM prAptA eva zabdA arthbodhnkssmaaH| etadeva mahAbhASye nirdizyate zabda upalabdho'thaM pratyAyayati na sattAmAtreNa / mahA0 1-1-68 zabdazaktiprakAzikAyAM jagadIzaH pratipAdayativAkyabhAvamanAptasya saarthksyaavbodhtH| sampadyate zAbdabodho na tanmAtrasya bodhtH|| zabda0 zloka 12 kA nAma zaktiriti jijJAsAyAM nAgezenocyate zabdArthayostAdAtmyameva zaktiH / udyota, mahA0 A0 1 vAkyapadIye'rthAbhivyaktI prANasya buddhazca mahattvaM pratipAdyate yad dvayoH / sAhAyyena zabdazaktivivartate / sA ca bhedaM prApnoti tasya prANe ca yA zaktiryA ca buddhau vyvsthitaa| vivartamAnA sthAneSu saiSA bhedaM prapadyate // vAkya0 1-118 zabdaH prANAdhiSThAno buddhayadhiSThAnazca / dvAbhyAM prANabuddhizaktibhyAm abhivyakto'thaM pratyAyayati / harivRSabha, vAkya0 1-118 __gadAdhArabhaTTo vyutpattivAde gaGgezazca tattvacintAmaNI zabdakhaNDe zakti vistareNa vivecayataH / vRtteH zaktervA lakSaNaM tatra kriyate-'idaM padamimamartha bodhayet', 'asmAt zabdAdayamartho boddhavyaH' evaM prakAraH saMketaH zaktiH / nAgezaH padapadArthayoH saMbandhavizeSaM zakti manute / sA ca vAcya-vAcakarUpA zaktiH / pada-padArthayorabhedajJAnena shktigrhH| padagatazakti saMketo bodhayati / ataH saMketaH zaktirmanyate / shktirevaarthbodhnsaadhikaa| zaktigrahazca vAkyena bhavati / vAkyalakSaNaM vizvanAthenocyate vAkyaM syAd yogyatAkAMkSAsattiyuktaH padoccayaH / sA0 da0 2-1 (1) yogyatA, parasparasaMbandhakSamatArUpA, (2) AkAMkSA, zrotujijJAsArUpA, (3) AttiH buddheravicchedaH, etadguNatrayayuktaH padasamUho vAkyam / evaM yogyatAkAMkSAsattiyuktAnAM padAnAM samUho vAkyam / padaM ca tena lakSyate

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam varNAH padaM prayogArhAnanvitaikArthabodhakAH / sA0 da0 2-2 zabdArthayoH svarUpaM vivecayatA mammaTena pratipAdyate yat zabdaH trividha:syAd vAcako lAkSaNikaH zabdo'tra vynyjkstridhaa|| vAcyAdayastadarthAH syuH / kAvya0 2-6 zabdastridhA-vAcako lakSako vyaJjakazceti / teSAmartho'pi trividhaHvAcyo lakSyo vyaGgyazceti / zabdasya tisraH zaktayaH-abhidhA, lakSaNA, vyaJjanA ceti / vAcakena zabdena vAcyo'rtho'bhidhAzaktyA bodhyate / lakSakena zabdena lakSyo'rtho lakSaNAzaktyA bodhyate / vyaJjakena zabdena vyaGgyo'rtho vyaJjanAzaktyA vyajyate / evaM kAvyazAstrajJaiH tisraH zaktayo mnynte| vAcyo'rtho'bhidhayA bodhyo lakSyo lakSaNayA mtH| . vyaGgyo vyaJjanayA tAH syustistraH zabdasya shktyH|| sA0da0 2-3 abhidhA-abhidhAzaktiH sAkSAt saMketitamarthaM bodhayati / sa ca saMketaH jAto guNe kriyAyAM yadRcchAzabdeSu ca gRhyate / uktaM ca mahAbhASye 'catuSTayI zabdAnAM pravRttiH, jAtizabdA guNazabdAH kriyAzabdA yadRcchAzabdAzceti / ' mahAbhASya A0 2 ___ abhidhAzaktirapi trividhA-rUr3hiH, yaugiko yogarUDhizca / kecana zabdA rUDhAH, kecana yaugikAH, kecana ca yogarUDhAH / 'zaktistridhA-rUDhiryogo yogarUDhizca / ' maMjUSA pR0 106 lakSaNA-lakSaNAzakterlakSaNamucyate vizvanAthenamukhyArthabAdhe tadyukto yayA'nyo'rthaH prtiiyte| rUDhaH prayojanAd vAsau lakSaNA zaktirapitA // sA0 da0 2-5 / lakSaNAyAM tattvatrayam Avazyakam-(1) mukhyArthasya bAdhaH syAt, (2) mukhyArthasaMbaddho'rthaH svIkriyeta, (3) rUDhiH prayojanavizeSo vA tatra kAraNaM syAt / yathA-karmaNi kuzalaH, kaliGgaH sAhasiko vA rUDherudAharaNam / atra kuzalazabdo dakSe, kaliGgazabdazca kaliGgadezaje rUDhaH / gaGgAyAM ghoSaH ityatra prayojanavatI lakSaNA / atra gaGgAzabdaH svArthaM jalapravAharUpam athaM parityajya gaGgAtIraM bodhayati / sA ca lakSaNA dvividhA-upAdAnalakSaNA, lakSaNa-lakSaNA ca / yatra svArthasiddhaye parAkSepo bhavati, AtmanazcApi upAdAnaM bhavati, tatropAdAnalakSaNA / 'iyameva 'ajahatsvArthA' ityapi ucyate / rUDhI upAdAnalakSaNA yathA-zveto dhAvati / atra zvetazabdaH zvetaguNatvaviziSTam azvaM bodhayati / atra rUDhiH kAraNam / prayojanavatI upAdAnalakSaNA yathA--kuntAH pravizanti, yaSTayaH pravizanti /

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zabdazaktayaH atra kuntAdizabdena kuntAdidhAriNaH puruSA lakSyante / atra svArthagrahaNAd upAdAnalakSaNA / kuntAdizabdarbhayajanakatvAdikaM prayojanam, tena pryojnvtii| yatra svakoyo'rthaH sarvathA tyajyate, tatra lakSaNalakSaNA / arpaNaM svasya vAkyArthe prsyaanvysiddhye| upalakSaNahetutvAdeSA lakSaNalakSaNA // sA0 da0 2-7 iyameva jahatsvArthA'pyucyate / yathA upakRtaM bahu tatra kimucyate sujanatA prathitA bhavatA param / vidadhadIdRzameva sadA sakhe sukhitamAsva tataH zaradAM zatam ||saa0 da0 apakAriNaM prati upakArAdipratipAdanAt mukhyArthabAdhaH, apakArAtizayAdirUpo viparIto'rtho'tra gRhyate / evaM caturvidhalakSaNAyA api dvau bhedau-sAropA, sAdhyavasAnA ca / yatra viSayo'nigIrNo'nyena saha tAdAtmyaM sthApati, tatra sAropA lakSaNA / yatra ca viSayo nigIrNaH tAdAtmyarUpo vA viSayiNA bhavati tatra sAdhyavasAnA lkssnnaa| yathA-gaurvAhIkaH / atra vAhIkadezasthapuruSe gotvaM pazutvaM mUrkhatvaM vA lakSyate / atra puruSe gotvAropAt sAropA lkssnnaa| iyameva rUpakAlaMkArasya bIjam / yatra viSayo viSayiNA nigIryate ekAtmatAM vA gacchati, tatra sAdhyavasAnA lakSaNA / yathA--gaurayam, gaurjalpati vA / atra gozabdena vAhIkadezasthaH puruSo lakSyate / tasya anullekhAt sAdhyavasAnA lkssnnaa|| evam aSTabhedAyA lakSaNAyAH punartI bhedI-zuddhA, gauNI ca / yatra sAdRzyabhinnakAraNena lakSaNA, sA zuddhA / yA ca sAdRzyamalAH sA gaunno| yathA-AyughRtam, zveto dhAvati, karmaNi kuzala:, kuntAH pravizanti, ityatra sAdRzyetarasabandhamUlA lakSaNA, ataH zuddhA / yatra ca sAdRzyamUlA sA gaunnii| yathA-puruSaH siMhaH, gaurvAhokaH, gaurjalpati, tailAni hemante sukhAni, rAjA gauDendraM kaNTakaM zodhayati, atra sAdRzyamUlatvAd gauNI lakSaNA / etAsAM vistareNa vizvanAthena. lakSaNAyA azItibhedAH pratipAditA: tadevaM lakSaNAbhedAzcatvAriMzanmatA budhaiH| padavAkyagatatvena pratyekaM tA api dvidhA // sA0 da0 2-11, 12 vyaJjanA-abhidhAlakSaNAzaktyoH kArye'vasite, yayA anyo'rtho bodhyate sA vRttiya'JjanA nAma / vyaJjanA nigUDhamarthaM bodhayati / yathA-gaGgAyAM ghoSaH, ityatra lakSaNayA gaGgAtIrabodhaH, zItatvapAvanatvAdirUpo'rtho nAbhidhayA na ca lakSaNayA'vagantuM pAryate / taM gUDhamathaM vyaJjanAzaktireva bodhayati /

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam vyaJjanAzaktidvividhA -- abhidhAmUlA, lakSaNAmUlA ca / yatrAnekArthaH zabdaH saMyogaviyogAdikAraNena ekatrArthe niyantrite sati anyamarthaM bodhayati sA abhidhAmUlA vyaJjanA / yathA-- 92 bhadrAtmano duradhirohatanovizAlavaMzonnateH kRtazilImukhasaMgrahasya / yasyAnupaplutagateH paravAraNasya dAnAmbusekasubhagaH satataM karo'bhUt // atra zleSAzrayeNa rAja- stutirUpArthe bodhite hastirUpo'nyo'rtho'pi vyaJjanayA bodhyate / yatra lakSyArthaMmAdAya tadanyat kiJcid bodhyate sA lakSaNAmUlA vyaJjanA / yathA gaGgAyAM ghoSaH, ityatra lakSyArthAtiriktaH zItatvapAvanatvAtizayAdirartho bodhyate / vyaJjanA dvividhA - zAbdI ArthI ca / yatra zabdamUlA sA zAbdI, yatrArtha - mUlA sA ArthI / zAbdyA vyaJjanAyA udAharaNam - gaGgAyAM ghoSaH / ArthI ca vaktRboddhavyAdInAM vaiziSTayena anyamarthaM bodhayati / yathA kAlo madhuH kupita eSa ca puSpadhanvA dhIrA vahanti ratikhedaharAH samIrAH / kelIvanIyamapi vaJjulakuJjamaJja dUre patiH kathaya kiM karaNIyamadya // atra 'dUre pati : 0 ' ityAdinA pracchannakAmukastvayA preSyatAmiti sakhIM prati kayAcid vyajyate / niHzeSacyutacandanaM stanataTaM nirmRSTarAgo'dharo netre dUramanaJjane pulakitA tanvI taveyaM tanuH / mithyAvAdini dRti bAndhavajanasthAjJAtapIDAgame vApIM snAtumito gatAsi na punastasyAdhamasyAntikam // ityatra 'vApIM snAtum0' ityAdinA tadantikameva rantuM gatAsIti viparItalakSaNayA vyajyate / mammaTo vyaGgyamUlAM vyaJjanAmapi svIkaroti / sarveSAM prAyazo'rthAnAM vyaJjakatvamapISyate // kAvya0 2-7 vyaGgyamUlA vyaJjanA yathA pazya nizcalaniSpandA bisinopatre rAjate balAkA / nirmala marakatabhAjana - paristhitA zaMkhazuktiriva // nirjanatvAd etad saMketasthAnamiti kayAcit kaMcit prati ucyate / evaM zabdazaktirvipazcidbhiH sAdhu nirUpyate /

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28. kAlidAsasya sarvasvamabhijJAnazAkuntalam / (nATakeSu zakuntalA )1 | kAlidAsasya kRtayaH-mahAkaveH kAlidAsasya saptaiva kRtayaH prAdhAnyena svIkriyante / ( ka ) nATyagranthA:-1. abhijJAnazAkuntalam, 2. vikramorvazIyam, 3. mAlavikAgnimitram / (kha ) kAvyadvayam-4. raghuvaMzam, 5. kumArasaMbhavam / ( ga ) gItikAvyadvayam-6. meghadUtam, 7. RtusaMhAram / zAkuntalasya mahattvam-pUrvoktAsu kRtiSu zAkuntalameva kaveH pratibhAyAH paripAkena, racanAkauzalena, bhAvasauSThavena, bhASAmAdhuryeNa, sarasAbhivyaktyA, sAlaMkRtapadAvalyA, prakRticitraNapATavena, rasaparipAkena, nIrasakathAnake sarasatAsaMpAdanena, mUlakathAparivartane vaizAradyena, karuNAdirasasaMcAreNa ca sarvAtizAyIti tadeva kAlidAsasya sarvasvatveno Syate / ataeva nigadyate kenApi kAvyeSu nATakaM ramyaM, nATakeSu shkuntlaa| tatrApi ca caturtho'Gkastatra zlokacatuSTayam // kAlidAsasya nATyakalAkauzalam-tasya nATyakalAkauzale prAdhAnyenaite vizeSAH saMlakSyante-ghaTanAsaMyojane sauSThavam, varNanAnAM sArthakatA, svAbhAvikatA dhvanyAtmakatA ca, caritracitraNe vaiyaktikatvam, rasAnuguNakavitvAdhAnam, rasaparipAkazceti / ghaTanAsayojane sauSThavaM yathA-dvitIye'Gake AzramaM praveSTukAme sati duSyante RSikumAradvayasya napAhvAnAthaM pravezaH / paJcame haMsapadikAgotam, SaSThe'GgaloyakopalabdhiH, saptame putradarzanaM zakuntalAvAptizca / varNanAnAM svAbhAvikatvaM yathA-prathame'ke mRgaplutivarNanam, dvitIye bhUbhRdvidUSakasaMlApaH, caturthe zakuntalA-viprayoga-varNanam, paJcame zakuntalA-pratyAkhyAnam, SaSThe zakuntalAviyogaviSaNNasya rAjJo manovaijJAnikaM varNanam, saptame'patyakroDAvarNanaM ca / varNanAnAM dhvanyAtmakatA yathA-'divasAH pariNAmaramaNIyAH' (zA0 1-3) ityanena nATakasya sukhAvasAyitvaM suucyte| sUtradhArakathanam-'asmin kSaNe vismRtaM khalu mayA' ( aMka 1 ) ityanena nATake vismaraNasya mahattvaM dyotyate / jIvane sukhaduHkhayoH kramAnupAtitvaM sUryacandramasoH udayAstamayena sAdhu saMpoSyateyAtyekato'stazikharaM patiroSadhInAmAviSkRto'ruNapuraHsara ekato'rkaH / tejodvayasya yugapad vyasanodayAmyAM loko niyamyata ivAtmadazAntareSu // (4-2) caritracitraNe vaiyaktikatA yathA-RSitraye kaNvaH sAdhuprakRtirdAnto 1. vistRtavibaraNArtha lekhakasaMpAdita-zAkuntalasya bhUmikAbhAgo draSTavyaH / pR0 54-100

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam mRduhRdayaH zakuntalAyAM pitRvadvatsalazca, mArIco vItarAgo'cintyazaktisaMyuktazca, durvAsA roSaprakRtiH parApakRtiparazca / rasaparipAkaH-rasanirUpaNe'pi mahatI vidagdhatA'vApyate / bIbhatsarasaM vihAya prAyaH sarve'pi rasA yathAyathaM vinyastAH / zRGgArarasaH sarvAtizAyI / zRGgArasya pakSadvayaM saMbhogavipralambhAtmakaM sAmyenAtra avatiSThate / zakuntalAm udvIkSya nRpoktiryathA sarasijanamanuviddhaM zaivalenApi ramyaM malinamapi himAMzolakSma lakSmI tanoti / iyamadhikamanojJA valkalenApi tanvI kimiva hi madhurANAM maNDanaM nAkRtInAm // zA0 1-20 zakuntalAgA lAvaNyaM vratativyAjenopasthApyate / yathAadharaH kisalayarAgaH komalaviTapAnukAriNau baahuu| kusumamiva lobhanIyaM yauvanamaGgeSu sannaddham // zA0 1-21 zakuntalAyAH saundarya srvpribhaavi| kRtasukRtaparipAkenaiva sA sulabhA, anyathA tu,duraasdaiv| . anAghrAtaM puSpaM kisalayamalUnaM kararahai ranAviddhaM ratnaM madhu navamanAsvAditarasam / akhaNDaM puNyAMnAM phalamiva ca tadrUpamanaghaM na jAne bhoktAraM kamiha samupasthAsyati vidhiH|| zA0 2-10 zakuntalAyAH zRGgAradazAM sAdhu vivRNoti abhimukhe mayi saMhRtamIkSitaM, hasitamanyanimittakRtodayam / vinayavAritavRttiratastayA, na vivRto madano na ca sNvRtH|| zA0 2-11 zakantalAyAH pratyAkhyAne rAjJovirahAvasthApi sAdhUpasthApyatepratyAdiSTavizeSamaNDanavidhimiprakoSThApitaM bibhratkAJcanamekameva valayaM shvaasoprktaadhrH| cintAjAgaraNapratAntanayanastejoguNAdAtmanaH / __saMskArollikhito mahAmaNiriva kSINo'pi nAlakSyate // zA06-6 zakuntalAprasthAnakAle upasthitaviyogaviSaNNasya pazupakSi-vanaspatyAderapi samavasthAvarNanaM hRdayadrAvi kAruNyakAri ca udgalitadarbhakavalA mRgyaH parityaktanartanA myuuraaH| apasRtapANDupatrA muJcantyazrUNIva ltaaH|| zA0 4-12

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kAlidAsasya sarvasvamabhijJAnazAkuntalam mArIcAzramagatamuniprakANDasya tapastapasyato varNanam adbhutarasAvasthA pakam / yathA valmIkArdhanimagna mUrtirurasA sandaSTasarpatvacA kaNThe asaMvyApi zakuntanIDanicitaM bibhrajjaTAmaNDalaM jIrNalatApratAnavalayenAtyartha saMpIDitaH / yatra sthANurivAcalo munirasAvabhyarkabimbaM sthitaH // zA0 7-11 kAvya saundaryam -- kAvyasaundaryadRzA parIkSitaM cet zAkuntalaM sarvameva zobhAtizAyi / caturthe'Gke zlokacatuSTayaM tu sarvamanobhirAmam / tatra antaH prakRterbAhyaprakRtyA samanvayo vayate / pativiyogaviSaNNA zakuntalA, candraviyogaprapIDitA kumudinI ca nitarAM sAmyaM dhatta:-- antarhite zazini saiva kumudvatI me dRSTi na nandayati saMsmaraNIyazobhA / iSTapravAsajanitAnyabalAjanasya duHkhAni nUnamatimAtrasuduHsahAni // zA0 4-3 zakuntalAM prekSya rAjJo ramyA bhAvAbhivyaktiryathAidaM kilAvyAjamanoharaM vastapaHkSamaM sAdhayituM ya icchati / dhruvaM sa nIlotpalapatradhArayA zamIlatAM chettumRSirvyavasyati // zA0 1-18 manobhAvAnAM kathamiva manovaijJAnikaM manojJaM rUpamAviSkriyate / anta:karaNavRttInAM prAmANyamupasthApayatA tena varNyate-- Comm asaMzayaM kSatraparigrahakSamA yadAryamasyAmabhilASi me manaH / satAM hi sandehapadeSu vastuSu pramANamantaH karaNa pravRttayaH // 9.5 zA0 1-22 prasAdaguNaH - kAlidAso vaidarbhI rItiM vRNute / atastasya zailyAM mAdhuryaM lAlityam alaMkArasamavetatvaM prasAdatvaM samAsAlpatvaM ca pratipadaM samIkSyate / prasAdasya manohAriNI bhA bhAsate'vicchedena / yathA-- ayaM sa te tiSThati saMgamotsuko vizaGkase bhIru yato'vadhIraNAm / labheta vA prArthayitA na vA zriyaM zriyA durApaH kathamIpsito bhavet // zA0 3-11 mAdhuryam -- zAkuntale mAdhuryasya manojJA suSamA'pi cittAhlAdakatvena varIvarti / yathA - ki zItalaiH klamavinodibhirArdravAtAn saMcArayAmi nalinIdalatAlavRntaiH /

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam aGke nidhAya karabhora yathAsukhaM te saMvAhayAmi caraNAvuta padmatAmrau // zA0 3-18 ojoguNaH-yadyapyojoguNo na zAkuntale prAcuryeNa, tathApi kecana sandarbhA ojoguNasyAvirbhAvakAH / yathA sainyasaMtrastakariNo varNanamtIvrAghAtapratihatataruskandhalagnakadantaH . paadaakRsstt-vrttivlyaasnggsNjaatpaashH| mUrtI vighnastapasa iva no bhinnasAraGgayUtho dharmAraNyaM pravizati gajaH syndnaalokbhiitH|| zA0 1-33 varNananaipuNyam-kAlidAsaH prakRtivarNane, manobhAvavarNane, vividharasavarNane cAsAdhAraNaM vezArA prakaTayati / yathA-azvagativarNanam, trastamagavarNanam, kAmapIDita-duSyanta-zakuntalayoH kAmadazAvarNanam, patikUlaM gacchantyAH zakuntalAyAH kAruNyapUrNa varNanam, duSyantazAGgaravayorvivAdasya varNanam, zakuntalApratyAkhyAnaviSaNNasya duSyantasya manodazAvarNanam, mArIcAzramavarNanaM ca tasya pratibhAyA navanavonmeSazAlitvaM sUcayati / svargAzramavarNanaM yathAprANAnAmanilena vRttirucitA satkalpavRkSe vane / toye kAJcanapadmareNukapize dhrmaabhissekkriyaa| dhyAnaM ratnazilAtaleSu vibudhastrIsaMnidhau saMyamo yat kAGkSanti tpobhirnymunystsmistpsyntymii|| zA07-12 kAmapIDitAyAH zakuntalAyA varNanaM yathAkSAmakSAmakapolamAnanamaraH kAThinyamuktastanaM madhyaH klAntataraH prakAmavinatAvaMsau chaviH paannddraa| zocyA ca priyadarzanA ca madanakliSTeyamAlakSyate patrANAmiva zoSaNena marutA spRSTA latA mAdhavI // zA0 3-7 nATakeSu zakuntalA-'kAvyeSu nATakaM ramyam' iti vivecitamanyatra / nATakeSvapi zAkuntalameva sarvAtizAyi / atra kavikulaziromaNeH kAlidAsasya pratibhAyAzcaramotkarSo lakSyate / nATyakalAdRSTayA, kAvyasaundaryadRSTyA, zailIdRSTayA, rasaparipAkadRSTyA, manobhAvAdisUkSmAdhyayanadRSTyA, prasAdAdiguNadRSTayA, abhineyatvadRSTayA, sahRdayahRdayAhlAdakatvadRSTayA vA yathAkathamapi nirIkSyate parIkSyate samIkSyate vA, sarvathaiva zAkuntalasya sarvajanAhlAdakatvam avalokyate / ataevocyate zrIkRSNena

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kAlidAsasya sarvasvamabhijJAnazAkuntalam aspRSTadoSA nalinIva hRSTA, hArAvalIva prathitA gunnaughaiH| priyAGkapAlIva prakAmahRdyA, na kAlidAsAdaparasya vANI // zrIkRSNaH tatrApi ca caturtho'GkaH-zAkuntale'pi caturtho'GkaH sarvotkRSTatvena parigaNyate / yadyapyakeSvanyeSu bhAvamAdhurya nATyakauzalaM ca parilakSyate, tathApi / caturthe'ke yathA sauSThavena hRdayAvarjakatvena karuNarasaniSyandaH, manobhAvAbhivyaktipravaNena sarasena bhAvodvegena yathA sarasatvam, rasAnuguNabhASAzrayeNa yathA mAdhuryam, racanAkauzalena kAmyatvam, hArdikAnubhUtiprakAzanena saundaryam, antaHprakRtibAhyaprakRtyoH samanvayena ruciratvam, patikulAbhimukhaprasthAtukAmAyAH putryA bhAvavihvalatvam, putrIviyogajanyaduHkhArtasya piturmArmikaM citraNam, na tathAnyatra / ete vizeSAH caturthAGkasya sarvAtizAyitvaM pratipAdayanti / tatra zlokacatuSTayam-bhAvagAmbhIryeNa sarasatvApAdanena mArmikAnubhUticitraNena kartavyodbodhanena prakRtitAdAtmyAdiguNena ca caturthe'Gke zlokacatuSTayaM mAhAtmyaM labhate / te ca santi(1) yAsyatyadya zakuntaleti hRdayaM saMspRSTamutkaNThayA kaNThaH stambhitavASpavRttikaluSazcintAjaDaM darzanam / vaiklavyaM mama tAvadIdRzamidaM snehAdaraNyaukasaH poDyante gRhiNaH kathaM nu tnyaavishlessduHkhainvaiH|| ___zA0 4-6 (2) zuzrUSasva gurun kuru priyasakhovRtti sapatnIjane bhartuviprakRtApi roSaNatayA mA sma pratIpaM gmH| bhUyiSThaM bhava dakSiNA parijane bhAgyeSvanutsekinI yAntyevaM gRhiNIpadaM yuvatayo vAmAH kulsyaadhyH|| zA04-18 ( 3 ) pAtuM na prathamaM vyavasyati jalaM yuSmAsvapIteSu yA nAdatte priyamaNDanApi bhavatAM snehena yA pallavam / ... Adye vaH kusumaprasUtisamaye yasyA bhavatyutsavaH seyaM yAti zakuntalA patigRhaM sarvairanujJAyatAm // zA04-9 ( 4 ) asmAn sAdhu vicintya saMyamadhanAnuccaiH kulaM cAtmana stvayyasyAH kathamapyabAndhavakRtAM snehapravRtti ca tAm / sAmAnyapratipattipUrvakamidaM dAreSu dRzyA tvayA bhAgyAyattamataH paraM na khalu tad vAcyaM vdhuubndhubhiH|| zA04-17 evaM vijJAyate yat zAkuntalaM kAlidAsasya sarvasvam /

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29. upamA kAlidAsasya ( ka iha raghukAre na ramate) kAlidAsasya kavitvam-kavitAkAminIkAntaH kAlidAsaH kasya nA. varjayati cetaH scetsH| tasya kAvyasaundarya prekSaM prekSaM prazaMsanti sahRdayAH sudhiyastasya kalAkauzalam / tasya sUktayaH sudhAsiktA maJjarya iva cetoharAH santi | ata ucyate bANabhaTTena harSacarite-'nirgatAsu na vA kasya kAlidAsasya saktiSa / prItirmadhurasAndrAsu maJjarISviva jAyate' (harSa0 1-16) / kAlidAso'tizete sarvAnapi mahAkavIn aupamye / ataH sAdhUcyate-'upamA kAlidAsasya / ' upamAyAH svarUpam-kA nAmopamA ? kathaM caiSA upakarvI kAvyasya ? vizvanAthAnusAram-'sAmyaM vAcyamavaidhamyaM vAkyaikya upamA dvayoH' (sA0 darpaNa 10-14) / vastudvayasya vaidhayaM vihAya sAmyamAnaM ced ucyate ekasmin vAkye tahi sA upamA / upamaiSA saudAminIva vidyotate vipule vAGamaye / kAvyazarIre samAdadhAti mahatI maJjalatAm / kAlidAsasya upamAprayoge'pUrva vaizAradyam / tasya upamAsu na kevalaM ramyatA, yathArthatA, pUrNatA, vividhatA ca, api tu sarvatraiva liGgasAmyam aucityaM c| liGgasAmyasya aucityasya ca samAzrayeNa kAcidapUrvA saMpadyate cArutA tasyopamAsu / zatazaH santi upamAprayogasthalAni tasya kAvyAdiSu / raghuvaMze tUpamAprayogaH sarvAtizAyI / dIpazikhA-kAlidAsaH-upamAprayoge cAturyeNaiva sa 'dIpazikhAkAlidAsaH' iti prasiddhimavApa / pativarA indumatI dIpazikheva vyarAjata / sA yaM yaM narendram ujjhitavatI, sa sa vivarNavadano viSaNNazcAbhavat saMcAriNI dIpazikheva rAtrau, yaM yaM vyatIyAya pativarA saa| narendramArgATTa iva prapede, vivarNabhAvaM sa sa bhuumipaalH|| raghu0 6-67 upamA kAlidAsasya-kAlidAsasya kRtiSu zatazaH santyupamA prayogasthalAni / raghuvaMze tUpamAprayogaH sarvAdhikyaM bhajate / kAlidAsIyA upamAzcaturdhA vibhAjayituM zakyante-(1) zAstrIyAH, (2) mUrtasyAmUrtatattvena sAmyam, ( 3 ) prakRti-saMbaddhAH, ( 4 ) vividhaviSayasaMbaddhAH / vargIkaraNasyAsyAneke upbhedaaH| te sthAnAbhAvAdatra nopasthApyante / (1) zAstrIyA upamAH-zAstrIyA upamAstAvat pUrva prastUyante / zAstrIyA upamA anekavidhA:-veda-darzana-yajJa-vidyA-vyAkaraNa-rAjanItijyotiSAdi-viSayabhedena / ( ka ) vedaviSayakAH, yathA1. vistRta vivecanArthaM draSTavyam-lekhakakRtA-prauDha-racanAnuvAdakaumudI, pRSTha 313-316

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upamA kAlidAsasya AsInmahIkSitAmAdyaH praNavazchandasAmiva / raghu0 1-11 manustathaiva nRpANAmagrimo'bhUd yathA mantrANAmoMkAraH / sudakSiNA nandinyA mArgaM tathaivAnvagacchad yathA smRtiH zruterartham -- tasyAH khuranyAsapavitrapAMsumapAMsulAnAM dhuri kIrtanIyA / mArga manuSyezvaradharmapatnI zruterivArthaM smRtiranvagacchat // raghu0 2-2 ( kha ) darzanaviSayakA : - yathA buddheH kAraNam avyaktaM mUlaprakRtirvA, tathA sarayUnadyAH kAraNaM mAnasaM saraH / brAhmaM saraH kAraNamAptavAco buddherivAvyaktamudAharanti / raghu0 13 - 60 dilIpasya kRtivizeSAH prAktanAH saMskArA iva phalAnumeyA Asan phalAnumeyAH prArambhAH saMskArAH prAktanA iva // raghu0 1-20 gambhIrAyA nadyA payo nirmalaM mAnasamiva vartate, meghazca tatra chAyAtmeva pratibimbito bhavitA 99 gambhIrAyAH payasi saritazcetasIva prasanne / chAyAtmApi prakRtisubhago lapsyate te pravezam // megha0 1 - 43 (ga) yajJaviSayakA :- nRpo duSyantaH zakuntalA'patyaM bharatazca trayametat kramazo vidhi: zraddhA vittaM ceti trayANAM samanvayo vartate --- diSTyA zakuntalA sAdhvI sadapatyamidaM bhavAn / zraddhA vittaM vidhizceti tritayaM tatsamAgatam // zAkuntala 7 - 29 zakuntalA'nurUpaM bhartAraM tathaiva prAptA yathA dhUmAkulalocanasya yajamAnasya vahnAvAhutiH / diSTyA dhUmAkulita dRSTerapi yajamAnasya pAvaka evAhutiH patitA / ( zAku0 aMka 4 ) ( ghaM) vidyAviSayakAH - vidyA yathA'bhyAsena cakAsti tathA nandinI sevayA prasAdanIyA / vidyAmabhyasaneneva prasAdayitumarhasi // raghu0 1-88 duSyantapariNItA zakuntalA suziSyapradattA vidyevAzocanIyA'bhUt / suziSyaparidattA vidyevAzocanIyA'si saMvRttA / zAku0 aMka 4 (Ga) vyAkaraNaviSayakAH - apavAdaniyamo yathotsagaM bAdhate tathaiva zatrughno lavaNAsuraM babAdhe / apavAda ivotsargaM vyAvartayitumIzvaraH // raghu0 15-7 adhyayanArthakAd 'iG' dhAtoH pUrvam 'adhi' upasargo yathA zobhAkRd vyarthazca tathA zatrughnena samaM senA pazcAdadhyayanArthasya dhAtoradhirivAbhavat // raghu0 15-9

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam (ca) rAjanItiviSayakAH-prabhAvazaktimantrazaktirutsAhazaktizceti trayaM yathA akSayamartha sUte tathA sudakSiNA putraM raghum asUta / asUta putraM samaye zacIsamA trisAdhanA shktirivaarymkssym| raghu0 3-13 sItA lavakuzau tathaivAjanayad yathA kSitiH saMpannau kozadaNDAviva sutAvasUta saMpannau kozadaNDAviva kSitiH // raghu0 15 -13 / (cha ) jyotiSaviSayakAH-yathA candragrahaNAnantaraM rohiNI zazinam upaiti tathaiva zakuntalA dussyntmupgtaa|| uparAgAnte zazinaH samupagatA rohiNI yogam // zAku07-22 (2) mUrtasyAmUrtatattvena sAmyama-kAlidAsaH prAyazo mUrtasya mUrtatattvena sAmyaM pradarzayati / kvacicca mUrtasya amUrtatattvena, sajIvasya nirjIvena, bhAvapadArthasya abhAvapadArthena aupamyaM pratipAdayati / yathA-dilIpaH kSAtradharmavad babhau-'AtmakarmakSamaM dehaM kSAtro dharma ivAzritaH' ( raghu0 1-13) / sa nandinyA dhavalaM kSIraM yazasopamimIte-zubhraM yazo mUrtamivAtitRSNaH' ( raghu0 2-69 ) / dilIpasya rathaM manorathenopamimIte-'yayAvanudghAtasukhena mArga sveneva pUrNena manorathena' ( raghu0 2-72 ) / rAmAdayazcatvAro'pi bhrAtarazcaturvargasyAvatArarUpeNa babhuH / 'dharmArthakAmamokSANAm avatAra ivAGgavAn' ( raghu0 10-84 ) / kvacit nirjIvasyApi sajIvena sahaupamyaM lakSyate-siprAvAtaH cATukAro jana iva strINAM khedaM harati-'yatra strINAM harati surataglAnimaGgAnukUlaH, siprAvAtaH priyatama iva prArthanAcATakAraH' / megha0 1-31) / sa pArvatIparamezvarau vAgarthAviva stauti / 'vAgarthAviva saMpRktI vAgarthapratipattaye / jagataH pitarau vande pArvatoparamezvarau / ' raghu0 1-1 (3) prakRtisaMbaddhAH-kAmadevavinAzaviSaNNA ratiH vAyuvegAhatadIpasya dhUmAvRtavatikeva viSAdanimagnA sNjaataa| zokAkulasya janasya atIva manoharaM manovaijJAnika vizleSaNamidam / kAlidAsasya prathitatamAsUpamAsu ekatamaiSA / saundaryametasyA vivecyam gata eva na te nivartate, sa sakhA dIpa ivaanilaahtH| ahamasya dazeva pazya mAma, aviSahyavyasanena dhuumitaam|| kumAra0 4-30 ekA'nyA hRdyA kalpanAmalopamA prastUyate / atra rAjJo dilIpasya rAzyAH sudakSiNAyAzcAntare vartamAnA kAmadhenusutA nandinI tathaivAzobhata yathA divasa-rAtryormadhye sandhyA / yathA sandhyAyA mahattvaM tathaiva nandinyA mahattvamatrAbhivyajyate puraskRtA vartmani pArthivena, pratyudgatA paarthivdhrmptyaa| tadantare sA virarAja dhenudinakSapAmadhyagateva sandhyA // raghu0 2-20

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upamA kAlidAsasya ekato vizva sundarIsaMkAzA gauravarNA gaurI, aparatazca vItarAgo'vadhUto vratI pinAkI / vizvasundarIgaurIvadanadarzanasaMjAtakSobho harastathaiva vyAkSiptamanA manAgabhUd yathA vidhudarzanena jalanidhiH harastu kiMcit pariluptadhairyazcandrodayArambha ivAmburAziH / umAmukhe bimbaphalAdharoSThe vyApArayAmAsa vilocanAni // 101 kumAra0 3-67 magadhezvaraM parantapanAmAnaM nRpaM nakSatrAdimadhye candramiva manyate - kAmaM nRpAH santu sahasrazo'nye, rAjanvatI mAhuranena bhUmim / nakSatratArAgrahasaMkulApi jyotiSmatI candramasaiva rAtriH // raghu0 6 - 22 sItAparityAgaviSaNNo rAmo'zrupUrNanetraH pauSacandra iva vyarAjata" babhUva rAmaH sahasA sabASpastuSAravarSIva sahasyacandraH / raghu0 14-84 zakuntalAyAH kamanIyaM kalevaraM latAmanucakAra / kavikalpanA'tra ramyA -- adharaH kisalayarAgaH komalaviTapAnukAriNau bAhU 1 kusumamiva lobhanIyaM yauvanamaGgeSu saMnaddham // zAku0 1-21 zokavihvalA yakSapatnI vidhukalevAlakSyata - 'prAcImUle tanumiva kalAmAtrazeSAM himAMzoH' ( megha0 2 - 29 ) / kaNvasyAzIrvAdo yat zakuntalA sUryamiva tejasvinaM sutaM prasUyeta - ' tanayamacirAt prAcIvArkaM prasUya ca pAvanam' ( zAku0 4- 19 ) / kaNvamuni prAptA zakuntalA arkavRkSopari patitaM kusumamivAsta'arkasyopari zithilaM cyutamiva navamAlikAkusumam ' ( zAku0 2-8 ) / rAjA duSyantaH zakuntalAM puSpamiva, ratnamiva, madhuvacca gaNayati anAghrAtaM puSpaM kisalayamalUnaM kararuhai nAviddhaM ratnaM madhu navamanAsvAditarasam // zAku0 2 - 10 (4) vividhaviSayasaMbaddhA: - siMhaprabhAvAd iSu-prayoge viphalIkRto dilIpa: zivazaktyA nizcalIkRta indra iva rarAja / 'jaDIkRta stryambakavIkSaNena vajraM mumukSanniva vajrapANi:' ( raghu0 2- 42 ) / indradhanuH saMparkeNa meghasya saiva zobhA bhavitA vA mayUrapakSeNa gopaveSasya viSNoH / ' yena zyAmaM vapuratitarAM kAntimApatsyate te, barheNeva sphuritarucinA gopaveSasya viSNoH ' ( megha0 1 - 15 ) / kAlidAsaH kaviyazolAbhArthinam AtmAnam udbAhu vAmanam iva manute / 'prAMzulabhye phale lobhAd udvAhuriva vAmanaH' ( raghu0 1 - 3 ) / kailAse'lakA nagarI prAsAdasaMgatA meghAvRtA ca tathaivAtitarAM rocate yathA muktAgrathitam alakaM dadhAnA kAcit kAminI yA vaH kAle vahati salilodgAra muccaivimAnA muktAjAlaprathitamalakaM kAminIvAbhravRndam // megha0 1- 63

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102 saMskRtanibandhazatakam .. sAmyamUlakA alaMkArAH kAlidAso na kevalam upamAyA eva prayoge niSNAto'pi tu sAmyamUlakeSu rUpakotprekSAtizayoktyAdiSu alaMkAreSu tathaiva dAkSyaM dhatte / yadhupamAyA vyApako'rtho gRhyeta tarhi eSAmapyalaMkArANAM saMgraho'tra saMbhAvyate / 'upamA kAlidAsasya' ityatra tAttvikadRSTayA vyApako'rtho'bhipretaH / evaM cotprekSAdInAmatra smaahaarH| yathA-'dhruvaM sa nIlotpalapatradhArayA, zamIlatAM chettamaSiya'vasyati' (zAkU01-18) zakuntalAyAH tapaHsAdhanaM kamalapatreNa zamolatAchedanamivAste / atrotprekSAyA upamAmUlakatvam / zakuntalA vidyudvadAste / na prabhAtaralaM jyotirudeti vasudhAtalAt' ( zAku0 1-26 ), atrAprastutaprazaMsAyA upamAmUlakatvam / saMgamavarNane mAlotprekSAyA upamAmUlakatvam yathA-'kvacicca kRSNoragabhUSaNeva, bhasmAGgarAgA tanurIzvarasya' ( raghu0 13-57) paryAptapuSpastabakastanAbhyaH sphurtprvaalosstthmnohraabhyH| latAvadhUbhyastaravo'pyavApuvinamrazAkhAbhujabandhanAni // ku0 3-39 latA vadhUvad vyavaharanti / atraupamAmUlakaM rUpakam / ka iha raghukAre na ramate-kasyAbhirUpasya raghuvaMzaM na priyam / raghuvaMzaM vastutaH kAlidAsasya kavitvaparipAkasya caramotkarSaH / kAlidAsasya pratibhAyA yAdRzaH pariSkAro vaizArA vaizadyaM ca raghuvaMze nirIkSyate na tathA'nyatra / 'kalAsImA kAvyam' kAvyeSu ca raghuvaMzam / atra na kevalam upamAyA eva prAdhAnyam, api tu anyeSAmapi zabdAlaMkArANAm arthAlaMkArANAM ca vinivezo yathAyathaM vidhIyate / rasadRSTyA, bhAvadRSTayA, bhASAdRSTayA, kathAsaMyojana-sauSThavadRSTayA, caritracitraNadRSTayA, rucirasaMlApadRSTyA, anyayA vA kayAcid dRSTyA parIkSyate samIkSyate cet tahi raghuvaMzaM sarveSAmapi vipazcitAM hRdayAvarjakatvena sarasatvena manojJatvena bhAvAbhivyaJjanadakSatvena ca prItipAtraM stutipAtraM zraddhAspadaM cAste / ata evocyate-kAlidAsa evaikaH kaviH / 'kaviH kAlidAsaH / '

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30. bhAraverarthagauravam ( nArikelaphala - saMmitaM vaco bhAraveH ) arthadIdhitisaMdIptA, vijJapadma vikAsinI / jJAnAlokasadAdarzA, bhA raveriva bhAraveH // ( kapilasya ) bhAravervRttam -- mahAkavirbhAraviH IsavIyAbdasya SaSThyAM zatAbdyAM janimavAti 634 IsavIye likhitena 'aihola' - ( Aihole ) zilAlekhena nirvivAdaM nirNIyate / udIryate ca tatra ravikIrtinA - yenAyoji nave'zma sthiramarthavidhau vivekinA jinavezma | sa vijayatAM ravikIrtiH kavitAzritakAlidAsabhAravikIrtiH // avantisundarIkathAmAzritya dAkSiNAtyo'yamiti vipazcidbhiH svIkriyate / sa cAyaM pulakezidvitIyasyAnujasya viSNuvardhanasya sabhApaNDito'bhUt / tasya kRtirekaiva 'kirAtArjunIyam' iti samadhigamyate / samupalabdhamanenAnupamaM yazaH svakIyena arthabhArabharitena kirAtArjunIya - mahAkAvyena / kirAtArjunIyasya vaiziSTyam -- kirAtArjunIyamado guNatraya-samanvita - tvAd bhASAsauSThavAd bhAvAgAmbhIryAd rasAnvitatvAd alaMkArAlaMkRtatvAt kalpanApracuratvAt sAyAsaracanAnaipuNyAd vidvajjanakaNThahAratvam agAt / kRtiriyaM tasyArthagauravasampanneti darza darza vipazcidbhiH 'bhAraverthagauravam' iti sAhlAdamudgIryate / mahAkAvyasyaitasya TIkAkRt zrImallinAthaH kAvyametad nArikelaphalenopamimIte, bahiH arthaMgAmbhIryamUlakakliSTatvAd antazca sarasArthavattvAd rasAplutatvam / uktaM ca nArikelaphalasaMmitaM vaco bhAraveH sapadi tad vibhajyate / svAdayantu rasagarbhanirbharaM sAramasya rasikA yathepsitam // mallinAthaH kAvyametad bRhattrayyAmanyatamaM gaNyate / granthadvayaM cAnyad vartate - mAghaviracitaM zizupAlavadham, zrIharSapraNItaM naiSadhIyacaritaM ca / samagre'pi saMskRtavAGmaye naitAdRzam ojoguNasamanvitaM kAvyAntaram / aSTAdazAtra sargAH / kirAtaveSadhAriNA zivena sahArjunasya saMgaro'tra varNyate / vIraraso'tra pradhAnaH, rasAzcAnye gauNAH / zrI - samanvitaM kAvyametaditi saMsUcanAya 'zrI' zabdena mahAkAvyamArabhate, pratisargAnte ca 'lakSmI' zabdaM prayuGkte / 1 'dinakRtamiva lakSmIstvAM samabhyetu' ( ki0 1.46 ) ityanena bhAravestaraNivat kAvyAkAze bhAsamAnatvaM jyotirvalayitatvaM ca vyajyate / nirAzAsantrastasvAnte prakAzakiraNa prakAzanena vyapagamayati mohatimiram / 'puruSastAvadevAso yAvanmAnAnna hIyate ( ki0 11-61 ) / ' janmino mAnahInasya tRNasya ca samA gatiH' ( ki0 11-59 ) /

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104 saMskRtanibandhazatakam bhAraveH abhinavazailIsaMsthApakatvam-bhAraviH saMskRtavAGmaye abhinavAyAH zailyAH pravartakaH / kAvye kis arthagauravameva syAt, bhASAlAvaNyaM vA, bhAvagAmbhIrya vA, sarasA pariSkRtA padAvalI vA, prauDho bandho veti pratipuruSaM rucivaicitryAt neka: sAdhIyAn adhvA / etadeva vivriyamANena tena rucibhedo'bhidhIyate stuvanti gurumabhidheyasampadaM vizuddhimukterapare vipshcitH| iti sthitAyAM pratipUruSaM rucau, sudurlabhAH sarvamanoramA giraH // ki0 14-5 iti vipratipattau katamA saraNirAstheyeti vivecayatA tena svAbhimatam upasthApyate yat kAvye prasAda-mAdhuryaguNasaMyojanena padAnAM vizadatvam, arthagauravasamanvitatvaM, punaruktidoSAbhAvaH, varNanAnAM kramabaddhatvam anivAryam / evaM sa guNAlaMkArarasabhAvAnAM samanvayam Ihate-- sphuTatA na padairapAkRtA, na ca na svIkRtamarthagauravam / racitA pRthagarthatA girAM, na ca sAmarthyamapohitaM kvacit // ki0 2-27 'zaktinipuNatA....."kAvyajJazikSayAbhyAsa iti hetustadudbhave' ( kAvya0 1-3 ) iti mammaToktimanusRtya zakti naipuNyam abhyAsaM cAntareNa na kAvyatvaM siddhayati / bhAravistatra prAkRta-puNyakarmaNAM paripAkenaiva prasannagambhIrapadAyAH sarasvatyA udbhavaM pratipAdayati / puNyapAripAkenaiva zrutimadhurA vAg udeti-- viviktavarNAbharaNA sukhazrutiH prasAdayantI hRdayAnyapi dviSAm / pravartate nAkRtapuNyakarmaNAM prasannagambhIrapadA sarasvatI // ki0 14-3 na kevalam agAdhapANDityameva kAvyatvajanakam, api tu nirantarAbhyAsena utkaTasAdhanayA ca gambhIrArthasya saralayA zailyA'bhivyaktiH saMbhAvyate / sAdhanayaiva svAbhISTabhAvAbhivyakti:-- bhavanti te sabhyatamA vipazcitAM manogataM vAci nivezayanti ye| nayanti teSvapyupapannanaipuNA gabhIramathaM katicit prakAzatAm // ki0 14-4 kAvyAsaundaryam--kAvye vistAramapAsya arthagauravasamanvitasya saMkSiptasya vAkyajAtasya prayogastathaiva sukhadaH pariNAmasukhazca, yathA'lpasya mahAprabhAvasya bheSajasya prayogo mahAvyAdhinirAkaraNena sukhAvahaH / tAdRzyeva vacoyukti: kAvye sAdhIyasI-- pariNAmasukhe garIyasi vyathake'smin vacasi kSataujasAm / ativIryavatIva bheSaje bahuralpIyasi dRzyate guNaH // ki0 2-4 bhAraveH kAvyasaundaryam udvIkSyaivAsya 'Atapatra-bhAraviH' ityupanAma saMjAtam / vAtyayodgataH padmarAgo viyati savarNa-Atapatra-lakSmI dhatte / savarNachatrasya vyomni kalpanaiva kavim 'Atapatram' ApAdayati /

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105 bhAraverarthagauravam utphullasthalanalinIvanAdamuSmA dudbhUtaH sarasijasaMbhavaH praagH| vAtyAbhiviyati vivartitaH samantA dAdhatte kanakamayAtapatralakSmIm // ki0 5-39 jalakrIDAvarNane saMbhogazRGgArasya ruciraM citramupanyasyati / patyA kAmavihvalAyAH kAminyA haste gRhIte Ardramekhalaiva vastranirodhena sakhIvad lajjArakSaNaM cakAra vihasya pANau vidhRte dhRtAmbhasi, priyeNa vadhvA mdnaacetsH| sakhIva kAJcI payasA ghanIkRtA, babhAra vItoccayabandhamaMzukam // ki0 8-51 arjunasya zarAH kimiti samudravIcivad asaMkhyatAmupayAnti, kimatra devAnAM parokSaM sAhAyyam, kAraNAntaraM vA ? utprekSAmAdhuryamatra draSTavyam / hRtA guNairasya bhayena vA munestirohitAH svit praharanti devtaaH| kathaM nvamI saMtatamasya sAyakA bhavantyaneke jldherivormyH|| ki0 14-61 bhASAsauSThavam-bhAravarbhASAyAM lAlityasya mAdhuryasya prauDhatvasya ca samIcInaH samanvayo lkssyte| bhAvAnukUlAyA zabdAvalyA viniyogastasya pramukhaM vaiziSTayam / zabdAlaMkArANAm arthAlaMkArANAM ca pratipadamupanyAsaH sacetasAM cetAMsi nitarAmAvarjayati / tapasyArtha prasthAtukAmasyArjunasya kathamiva saMgItAtmakaM varNanam ? akRtrimapremarasAbhirAmaM rAmApitaM dRSTivilobhi dRSTam / / manaHprasAdAJjalinA nikAmaM jagrAha paatheymivendrsuunuH|| ki0 3-37 ekAkSarAtmakaH zloko'yaM tasya vAgvaibhavaM dyotayati na nonanunno munnono nAnA nAnAnanA nanu / nunno'nunno nanunneno nAnenA nunnanunnanut // ki0 15-14 sarvatobhadraviracanaM tasya zramajayitvaM sUcayati devAkAnini kAvAde vAhikAsvasvakAhi vaa| kAkArebhabhare kAkA nisvabhavyavyabhasvani // ki015-25 arthacatuSTayasamanvitasya mahAyamakasya prayogo yathAvikAzamIyurjagatIzamArgaNA vikaashmiiyurjgtiishmaargnnaaH| vikAzamIyurjagatIzamArgaNA vikaashmiiyurjgtiishmaargnnaaH|| ki0 15-50 bhAvagAmbhIryam-mahAkavi ravivividhavidyApAradRzvA anekazAstraniSNAtazca / tasya vaidikasAhitye, darzaneSu, dharmazAstreSu, rAjanItizAstre, kAmazAstre, purANeSu, kAvya-alaMkAra-nATyazAstreSu askhalitA gatiH / ataeva

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106 saMskRtanibandhazatakam tasya kAvyArthajJAnAya anekazAstrAvagAhi jJAnamapekSyate / Agamo dIpa ivArthadarzane kRtyAkRtyavivecane ca prabhavati matibhedatamastirohite gahane kRtyavidhau vivekinAm / sukRtaH parizuddha AgamaH kurute dIpa ivArthadarzanam // ki0 2-33 sArthakeSu zabdeSu bhAvA iva pArthazareSu jayo vinizcita: saMskAravattvAd ramayatsu cetaH prayogazikSAguNabhUSaNeSu / jayaM yathArtheSu zareSu pArthaH zabdeSu bhAvArthamivAzazaMse // ki0 17-6 vivekAnugataH parAkramaH siddhisAdhane kSamaH, ityetad ekAvalyalaMkAramAzritya samarthyate zuci bhUSayati zrutaM vapuHprazamastasya bhvtylNkriyaa| prazamAbharaNaM parAkramaH sa nayApAditasiddhibhUSaNaH // ki0 2-32 arthagauravam-kirAtArjunIye zatazaH sUktimuktAnAM vinivezo bhAraverguNagauravaM vyanakti / tasya vividhazAstrAvagAhinI navanavonmeSazAlinI ca prajJA satatam abhinavam arthaM prasUte / vidyudvad vidyotamAnAstasya sUktayaH tamaHprasaramaline'pi cetasi prakharAMzuvad jJAnajyotiH prasArayanti / pratipadam arthagAmbhIryAvekSaNAdeva 'bhAraverarthagauravam' iti saamodmudghossyte| avimRzyakAritvasya doSastenodbhAvyate sahasA vidadhIta na kriyAmavivekaH paramApadAM padam / vRNute hi vimRzyakAriNaM guNalubdhAH svayameva sNpdH|| ki0 2-30 mRdutvatIkSNatayoH samanvayenaiva loke vijayazrIlAbha:samavRttirupaiti mArdavaM samaye yazca tanoti tigmatAm / adhitiSThati lokamojasA sa vivasvAniva medinIpatiH // ki0 2-38 bhautikaviSayANAM duHkhodakatvaM nazvaratvaM ca kathaM sAdhUpasthApyate zaradambudharacchAyAgatvoM yauvnshriyH| ApAtaramyA viSayAH paryantaparitApinaH // ki0 11-12 zauryasya kopasya ca samanvayenaiva lokajayitvaM saMbhAvyate-- avandhyakopasya vihanturApadAM bhavanti vazyAH svayameva dehinH| amarSazUnyena janasya jantunA na jAtahArdena na vidvissaadrH|| ki0 1-33 'zaThe zAThyaM samAcaret' iti nItirna jAtu vismaraNIyAvrajanti te mUDhadhiyaH parAbhavaM bhavanti mAyAviSu ye na mAyinaH / ki0 1-30 tena guNArjanasya mahattvaM bahudhA pratipAdyate-'sulabhA ramyatA loke durlabhaM hi guNArjanam' ( ki0 11-11), 'gurutAM nayanti hi guNA na saMhatiH' ( ki0 12-10), 'guNAH priyatve'dhikRtA na saMstavaH' (ki0 4-25 ),

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bhAraverarthagauravam 107 svAvalambanenaiva satataM samunnatiH 'vinipAtanivartanakSama, matamAlambanamAtmapauruSam' (ki0 2-13 ) / .. rAjanItiviSayakAH zatazaH sUktayo'tropalabhyante-'prakarSatantrA hi raNe jayazrIH' ( 3-17 ), 'paramaM lAbhamarAtibhaGgamAhuH' (ki0 13-12), adhikabalavatA virodho nocitaH 'prArthanAdhikabale vipatphalA' (ki0 13-61), nIterAzrayaNenaiva lokapriyatvam 'nayahInAdaparajyate janaH' (ki0 2-49), nRpasacivayoH aikamatyaM sarvasiddhikaram 'sadA'nukleSu hi kurvate rati, nRpeSvamAtyeSu ca sarvasaMpadaH' ( ki0 1-5 ) / yathA ca-'hitaM manohAri ca durlabhaM vacaH' ( 1-4), 'sudurlabhAH sarvamanoramA giraH' ( 14-5), 'vasanti hi premNi guNA na vastuni' ( 8-37), 'varaM virodho'pi samaM mahAtmabhiH' (1-8), 'jvalitaM na hiraNyaretasaM cayamAskandati bhasmanAM janaH (2-20), 'na ramyamAhAryamapekSate guNam' (4-23 ), 'kAmAH kaSTA hi zatravaH' ( 11-35 ), 'guNagRhyA vacane vipazcitaH' ( 2-5 ), 'bhavanti gomAyusakhA na dantinaH' ( 14-22) / evaM bhAraveH pratipadaM bhAvasauSThavam arthagAmbhIryaM ca saMlakSyate /

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31. daNDinaH padalAlityam ( 1. kavirdaNDI kavirdaNDI kavirdaNDo na saMzayaH / 2. trayo daNDiprabandhAzca triSu lokeSu vizrutAH ) nirdaNDo'pi yo daNDI yatirdazakumArakRt / kAvyAdarzo nirAdarzaH sundarIM zrayate muniH // 1 // sakaSAyospi yo daNDI nAmnA daNDI na cetasA / virakto yo'virakto'pi yatisaMjJo yaticyutaH // 2 // ( kapilasya ) daNDino jIvanavRttaM kRtitvaM ca - mahAkaverdaNDino jIvanakAlaviSaye santi bahavo vipratipattayaH / samAsataH pakSadvayaM mukhyatvenAGgIkriyate / kecana IsavIyAbdasya SaSThazatAbdyA antime caraNe'sya janimurarIkurvanti, anye ca saptamazatAbdyA uttarArdhe / rAjazekhareNa kavirasau prabandhatrayasya praNeteti pratipAdyate / viSaye'sminnapi pracuro vivAdaH / kAvyAdarzo dazakumAracaritaM ceti granthadvayaM tu sarvaireva svIkriyate daNDinaH kRtitvena / avantisundarIkatheti khaNDaza upalabdhA kRtistRtIyeti manyate manISibhiH kaizcit / daNDinaH saMskRtasAhitye sthAnam - dazakumAracaritamAzrityeva asya mahatI mahanIyateti nAtra vipratipattividuSAm / gadyakAvyasyaitasya gauravaM padalAlityaM ca prekSaM prekSaM prekSAvatAM prApyante prabhUtAni pracuraprazastipUrNAni padyAni / yathA-- "kavirdaNDI kavirdaNDI kavirdaNDI na saMzayaH" ityAdIni / kecana vAlmIke - rvyAsasya cAnantaraM daNDinameva mahAkavitvena Akalayanti / "jAte jagati vAlmIka kavirityabhidhA'bhavat / kavI iti tato vyAse kavayastvayi daNDini / " mathurAvijayamahAkAvyasya racayitrI gaGgAdevI ( 1380 I0 ) tu daNDino vAcaM sarasvatyA maNidarpaNameva manute / 'AcArya daNDino vAcAmAcAntAmRtasampadAm / vikAso vedhasaH patnyA vilAsamaNidarpaNam / ' daNDinaH padalAlityam - kiM nAma padalAlityam ? kathaM caitena kAvyasya mahattvamabhivardhate ? suptiGantaM padamiti, subantaM tiGantaM vA padamityabhidhIyate / - lalitasya bhAvo lAlityaM mAdhuryamiti / yatra padeSu vAkyeSu zabdasaMghaTanAyAM mAdhuryaM zrutisukhadatvaM vA samupalabhyate, tatra padalAlityamiti manyate / pada- lAlityaM zabdasauSThavaM cAvarjayati sacetasAM cetAMsIti guNo'yaM garimANaM tanute kAvyasya / dazakumAracarite dRzyate guNasyaitasya gauravam / tacceha samAsato vyAcikhyAsitam / mRdvIkA rasa-bhArabhariteva bhAratI daNDina AcAryasya / sudhIbhirAsvAdanIyaM samIkSaNIyaM caitasyA mAdhuryam / rAjahaMsasyeva rAjJo rAjahaMsasya suSamAM samava

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daNDinaH padalAlityam 109. lokayantu sntH| "anavaratayAgadakSiNArakSitaziSTaviziSTavidyAsaMbhArabhAsurabhUsuranikaraH,.... 'rAjahaMso nAma ghanadarpakandarpasaundaryasodaryahRdyaniravadyarUpo bhUpo babhUva" (pUrvapIThikA ucchvAsa 1) / rAjahaMsasya mahiSI vasumatI lalanA-- kulalalAmabhUtA'bhUt / "tasya vasumatI nAma sumatI lIlAvato kulazekharamaNI ramaNo babhUva" ( pUrvapIThikA ucchvAsa 1 ) / ___mAlavezvarasya prasthAnavarNanaM kurvatA'bhidhIyate tena-'mAlavanAtho'pyanekAnekapayUthasanAtho vigrahaH savigraha iva sAgraho'bhimukhIbhUya bhUyo nirjagAma" ( pUrvapo0 u0 1 ) rAjahaMsazca mAlavarAjacamaM svasainyasahito'vAruNat / 'rAjahaMsastu prazastavItadainyasainyasametastIvragatyA nirgatyAdhikaruSaM dviSaM rurodha" (pUrvapI0 u0 1 ) / vijayArthaM prasthAtukAmAnAM kumArANAM yamakAlaMkArAlaMkRtaM varNanamado daNDino vAgvaibhavamevAvirbhAvayati / "kumArA mArAbhirAmA rAmAdyapauruSA ruSA bhasmIkRtArayo rayopahasitasamIraNA raNAbhiyAnena yAnenAbhyudayAzaMsaM rAjAnamakArSaH" (pUrvapI0 u02)| aindrajAlikakRtendrajAlapradarzanarUpeNa phaNinAM varNanametat-'tadanu viSamaM viSamulbaNaM vamantaH phaNAlaMkaraNA ratnarAjinIrAjita rAjamandirAbhogA bhogino bhayaM janayanto nizceruH' (pUrvapI0 u0 5) / kavirdaNDI kavirdaNDI kavirdaNDI na saMzayaH-daNDino bhAvabhASAmAdhuryaM racanAkauzalaM manobhAvAbhivyaJjanadakSatvaM rasapravaNatvaM sAlaMkRtatvaM ca nirIkSya vipazcittallajaiH daNDI eva kavipadamahatIti 'kavirdaNDI' iti sAdaram udghoSyate / nidarzanarUpeNa kecana sandarbhAH prastUyante / AstaraNamadhizayAnAyA rAjakanyAyA varNanametad daNDinaH sUkSmekSikayA IkSaNaM varNanavaidagdhyaM cAviSkaroti / 'avagAhya kanyAntaHpuraM prajvalatsu maNipradIpeSu..... kusumalavaccharitaparyante paryaGkatale...'ISadvivRtamadhuragulmasaMdhi, AbhugnazroNimaNDalam, atizliSTacInAMzukottarIyam, anativalitatanutarodaram, ardhalakSyAdharakarNapAzanibhRtakuNDalam, AmIlitalocanendIvaram, avibhrAntabhrUpatAkam... 'ciravilasanakhedanizcalAM zaradambhodharotsaGgazAyinImiva saudAminI rAjakanyAmapazyat' ( uttara pI0 u0 2) / rAjJo dharmavardhanasya duhitaramupavarNayati / 'tasya duhitA pratyAdeza iva zriyaH, prANA iva kusumadhanvanaH, saukumArya-viDambitanavamAlikA, navamAlikA nAma kanyakA' ( u0 pI0 u0 5 ) / girivaraM ca varNayannAha-aho ramaNIyo'yaM parvatanitambabhAgaH, kAntatareyaM gandhapASANavatyupatyakA, ziziramidamindIvarAravindamakaranda-bindu-candrakottaraM gotravAri, rmyo'ymnekvrnn-kusummnyjriibhrstruvnaabhogH|'

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam uttarapIThikAyAM samagraH saptamocchvAsa oSThyavarNarahitaH / etAdRzaM nibandhanamapUrvamadRSTacaraM ca vizAle'pi vizvavAGmaye / oSThayavarNaparihAre'pi na parihIyate'tra zabdasauSThavaM padalAlityaM ca / yathA - 'Arya, kadaryasyAsya kadarthanAna kadAcinnidrAyAti netre' / "sakhe saiSA sajjanAcaritA saraNiH, yadaNIyasi kAraNe'naNIyAnAdaraH saMdRzyate' | 'asatyena nAsyAsyaM saMsRjyate' / 'ciraM caritArthA dIkSA' / 'na tasya zakyaM zakteriyattAjJAnam' / 'diSTayA dRSTeSTasiddhiH / iha jagati hina nirIha dehinaM zriyaH saMzrayante / zreyAMsi ca sakalAnyanalasAnAM haste sannihitAni' / ' asiddhireSA siddhi:, yadasannidhirihAryANAm / kaSTA ceyaM niHsaGgatA, yA nirAgasaM dAsajanaM tyAjayati / na ca niSedhanIyA garIyasAM gira:' / ' taccharIraM chidre nidhAya nIrAnnirayAsiSam' / 'dRzyatAM zaktirArSI, yattasya yaterajeyasyendriyANAM saMskAreNa nIrajasA nIrajasAnnidhyazAlini sarasi sarasijadalasaMnikAzacchAyasyAdhikatara darzanIyasyAkArAntarasya siddhirAsIt' / 'bahuzrute vizrute vikacarAjIva- sadRzaM dRzaM cikSepa devo rAjavAhana:' ( uttara pI0 u07 ) / 1 padamAdhuryam - yathA--' na mAM snigdhaM pazyati, na smitapUrvaM bhASate, na rahasyAni vivRNoti na haste spRzati na vyasaneSvanukampate, notsaveSu anugRhNAti * / mRgayAlAbhAMzca nirdizati / zAkuntale dvitIyAGke varNitena mRgayAlAbhena sAmyametad bhajate / 'yathA mRgayA dyopakArikI, na tathAnyat medo'pakarSAdaGgAnAM sthairyaM kArkazyAtilAghavAdoni, zItoSNavAtavarSakSutpipAsAsahatvam, sattvAnAmavasthAntareSu cittaceSTitajJAnam' ( uttara pI0 u0 8 ) / evaM saMlakSyate daNDinaH kRtau zabdayojanasauSThavamanuprAsamAdhuryaM yamakayojanaM varNanavaizadyam oSThayavarNaparihArAcitaM ramyaM varNanam, uktipratyuktiprazastaM pade pade padalAlityam / sarvamadastasya kRtau kamanIyatAmAdadhAti / yo daNDiprabandhAzca 0 1 - rAjazekhareNa zArGgadharapaddhatau padyamidaM 'prastUyate yat 110 yo'gnayastrayo devAstrayo vedAstrayo guNAH / trayodaNDiprabandhAzcaSu lokeSu vizrutAH // atra 'trayo daNDiprabandhAzca' ityAzritya sudhIbhiH daNDino granthatrayasyAnveSaNam Arabdham / daNDinaH kRtitvena granthaSaTkaM manyate - 1. dazakumAracaritam, 2. kAvyAdarzaH, 3. avantisundarIkathA, 4. chandovicitiH, 5. kalAparicchedaH, 6. dvisandhAnakAvyam / 1. vistRta vicenArthaM draSTavyam -- lekhakakRta - saMskRta sAhitya kA samIkSAtmaka itihAsa, pRSTha 466-471 /

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daNDinaH padalAlityam 111 daNDino granthadvayam-dazakumAracaritaM kAvyAdarzazca prApyate / dazakumAracaritaM kAvyAdarzazca tadviracite iti nAtra sNshiitiH| kecana 'avantisundarIkathA' iti granthaM tRtIyaM manyante, paraM DA0 kIthamahodayasya matamatra samIcInaM pratibhAti yat zailyA bhinnatvAd aprAmANikatvAcca neyaM daNDinaH kRtiH, apitu kasyacidanyasya lekhakasya kRtiH / kAvyAdarza chandovicitiH, kalAparicchedazceti granthadvayaM tasya kRtitvena nirdizyate, paraM granthadvayametat chandaHkalAviSayakaM laghukAyaM pariziSTarUpAtmakaM pratIyate / tasya 'dvisandhAnakAvyam' adyAvadhi aprApyam / tadupalabdhau tasya prAmANyaM vaktuM sukaram / evaM tasya granthadvayameva prApyam / tRtIyaM cAnusandheyam /

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32. mAghe santi trayo guNAH mAghasya kavitvam-mahAkavirmAghaH suragavI-kAvyAkAze vidyotamAnaM svaprabhAnirastAnya-tejaH prasaram anupamaM nakSatram / tasyApUrvA kAntiH samagramapi vAGmayaM rocayatitamAm / tasya vividhazAstrAvagAhinI sUkSmekSikA pratibhA susUkSmamapi tathyam AtmasAtkRtvA puraH sphuradiva prastauti / kavirayaM na kevalaM kAvyazAstrasyaiva pAradRzvA, api tu vyAkaraNazAstrasya, rAjanIteH, arthazAstrasya, dharmazAstrasya, kAmazAstrasya, darzanAnAm, jyotiSasya, saMgItasya, pAkazAstrasya, hastividyAyAH, azvazAstrasya, purANAdInAM ca sAravidanupamo manISI / asya camatkRtikaraM pANDityaM prekSaM prekSaM prekSAvanto'sya kavitvaM prazaMsanti / mAghasya gauravam-kecana mAghasya kavitvaM tathA''hlAdakaraM manyate yatte tadarthaM svajIvanasamarpaNamapi sundaraM manyante / ataeva sAdhUcyate-'meghe mAghe gataM vayaH' arthAt meghadUtasya zizupAlavadhasya cAnuzIlane AyurvyatItam / kAvye'smin tasya vizAlaM zabdakozamuvIkSya kenApi nigadyate-'navasargagate mAghe navazabdo na vidyate' arthAt zizupAlavadhasya navasargANAM samAptau na navInaH shbdo'vshissyte| tena navasargeSu tathA navanavAH zabdAH prayuktAH, tathA tatra zabdakoSa-rAzirupalabhyate / tasya kAvye pratipadaM pada-lAlityaM mAdhuryam ca prekSya vipazcidbhirudAhriyate--'kAvyeSu mAghaH' iti / anargharAghavanATakakato murAreH pANDityaparipUrNa nATakaM prekSya kenApyabhidhIyate yad murArijijJAsitazced mAghe mana Adheyam, 'murAripadacintA cet tadA mAghe ratiM kuru'| bhAravi sarvatobhAvena bhAvAvalyA'tizayAnaM mAghaM prekSya kenApi nigadyate-tAvad bhA bhArave ti yAvanmAghasya nodyH'|| mAghasya kRtitvam--kavaretasya gauravAdhAyaka grantharatnam ekameva 'zizupAlavadha'-nAmakam upalabhyate / asmin mahAkAvye viMzatiH sargAH, 1645 zlokAzca vidyante / 15 sarge kSepakAH zlokAH 34, granthAnte ca kavivaMzavarNanazlokAH 5, teSAmapi samAhAre zlokasaMkhyA 1684 bhavati / __ mAghasya vaiziSTayam-vipazcidbhiH mahAkaveH kAlidAsasya katiSu upamAnAM prAdhAnyam, bhAraveH kRtau kirAtArjunIye arthagauravasya vaiziSTayam, daNDinaH kRtau dazakumAracarite padalAlityam, mAghasya ca kRtau zizupAlavadhe trayANAmapi pUrvoktAnAM guNAnAM samanvayaM samIkSya sAhlAdam udghoSyate yad-. ___ upamA kAlidAsasya bhAraverarthagauravam / daNDinaH padalAlityaM mAghe santi trayo gunnaaH|| etadatrAvadheyaM yad mAgho yadyapi trayANAmapi guNAnAM svakAvye samAhAraM vidhatte, tatra tatra ca vaiziSTyaM saundarya mAdhuryaM cApi dhatte, tathApi nopamAprayoge

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mAghe santi trayo guNAH 113 sa kAlidAsam atizete, arthaMgaurave ca bhAravim / padalAlitye nUnaM sa daNDinam atizete / tasya padamAdhuryaM sarvAtizAyi / mAghaH trayANAmapi guNAnAM saMkalane nitarAM sAphalyam avApetyevaM tasya mahattvam / tasya ca tAdRzaM prAvINyaM yathA nAnAvidhavarNane tasyApratihatA pratibhA / mAghasya zailI - mahAkavermAghasya bhAvapakSApekSayA kalApakSaH prazasyataraH / yadyapi bhAvapakSasyApi manojJatvaM mAdhuyaM hRdyatvaM ca pade pade'valokyate tathApi nAtra kasyApi sudhiyo vipratipattiH yanmAghaH kalApakSAzrayaNe kavIn anyAn atizete / kvacid alaMkAra prayogAH, vizeSatazcitrAlaMkAraprayogAH kvacid vyAkaraNa- naipuNya-pradarzanam kvacid chandoracanA- dakSatopayogaH kvacid yamakAdyalaMkArANAM prayogabAhulyam, kvacit komala-kAnta - padAvalyAH saMdhAnam, kvacit zAstrIya-pATava- pradarzanam, tasya kalAtmikyA ruceH paricAyakAni santi / mahAkavibhara vistasya AdarzarUpo'bhUt / tasya saraNimanusRtya so'pi kalAtmakapANDitya-pradarzane kRtamatirabhUt / bhAraveH svotkarSaM sAdhayituM sa tadIyAM saraNim anusRtya tatrotkarSam avApa / kalApakSAzrayaNe sa na kevalaM bhAravimeva, api tu mahAkavi bhaTTimapi atikrAmati / , mAghasyopamA - vaiziSTayam - mAghe surucipUrNAH zataza upamAH samupalabhyante / tatra kvacit zAstrIyaM jJAnam, kvacit kAvyagauravam kvacid nItizAstratattvam kvacicca vividhavidyAvizAradatvaM tasya garimANaM prathayati / saMgItazAstrasya kAvyazAstrasya ca mahattvaM vaicitryaM copamayA prakaTayati yad vAGmaye katipaye eva varNAH santi, saMgItazAstre ca sapta svarAH, paraM teSAmupAdAnena kathamiva vaicitryajanakaM zAstram udeti varNaiH katipayaireva grathitasya svarairiva / anantA vAGmayasyAho geyasyeva vicitratA // zizu0 2- 72 bhAgyapuruSakArayordvayorapi parasparApekSitvam anivAryatvenAGgIkaraNaM ca tathaivAvazyakaM yathA satkavaye zabdArthayordvayorapi saMgrahaH / upamayA sAdhvida vizadayati saH -- " nAlambate daiSTikatAM na niSIdati pauruSe / zabdArthI satkaviriva dvayaM vidvAnapekSate // zi0 2-86 upamAprayoge kAvyazAstrIyaM jJAnaM saMpuSNatA tenocyate yad yathA saMcAribhAvAH sthAyibhAvaM poSayanti, tathaiva vijigISu nRpamanye sahAyakA:sthAyino'rthe pravartante bhAvAH saMcAriNo yathA / rasasyaikasya bhUyAMsastathA neturmahIbhRtaH // zi0 2-87 nItizAstravidagdhatAM vizadayatA tenocyate yad yathA svakSemakAmena vRddhi prApnuvan rogo nopekSyaH, tathaiva edhamAno'rAtirapi nopekSAmarhati- ra

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saMskRta nibandhazatakam uttiSThamAnastu paro nopekSyaH pathyamicchatA / samau hi ziSTairAmnAtau vartsyantAvAmayaH sa ca // zi0 2- 10 svakavitvasya kalpanAmanojJatvasya ca saMkalanaM vidadhatA tenocyate yad yathA svalpavayaskA bAlA mAtaram anveti tathaiva prAtaHkAlikI sandhyA rajanim anugacchati - anupatati virAvaiH patriNAM vyAharantI / rajanimacirajAtA pUrvasandhyA suteva // zi0 11 - 40 upamA prayoge zAstrIyasya pANDityasyApi apUrvaH samanvayo dRzyate / sAMkhyadarzanAnusAraM puruSa udAsIno'kartA ca paraM buddhikRtakarmaNAM phalabhAg bhavati, tathaiva sAkSimAtro'pi kRSNa: senAkRtavijayasya phalabhoktA bhaviSyati - vijayastvayi senAyAH sAkSimAtre'padizyatAm / phalabhAji samIkSyokte buddherbhoga ivAtmani // zi0 2-59 114 upamAprayoge manojJAyAH kalpanAyA api sadupayogaH prazasyaH / kRSNaM didRkSamANAyAH kasyAzcid ramaNyA gavAkSagataM vadanakamalam udayAdrikandarAsthitasudhAMzumaNDalamiva vyarAjata adhirukma mandira gavAkSa mullasat sudRzo rarAja mujaddidRkSayA / vadanAravindamudayAdrikandarAvivarodara sthitamivendumaNDalam // zi0 13-35 nAradazrIkRSNayoH sitAsite kAntI tathaivArocayatAM yathA rAtrau patrAntaragocarAH sudhAMzormarIcayaH - rathAGgapANeH paTalena rociSAm RSitviSaH saMvalitA virejire / calatpalAzAntaragocarAstarostuSAramUrteriva naktamaMzavaH // zi0 1-21 mAghasyArthagauravam--mAghe'rthagauravAnvitAnAM zlokAnAM mahatI paramparA / yadyapyarthagauravaM pade pade prekSyate, tathApi dvitIyaH sargaH sarvAtizAyI / tatra pratipadam arthagauravaM dRggocaratAm upayAti / katipaye eva zlokA udAharaNArtham atra prastUyante / atrApi tasya vividhazAstrajJatA, kalpanAkAmyatvam, bhAvotkarSaH, sUkSmekSaNadakSatA, nItijJatA, vyavahArapATavam, lokArAdhanakSamatvaM ca samIkSyate / tasya katipayAni hRdyAni padyAni subhASitarUpeNa prayujyante / kRSNa eva rakSonikaraM vinAzayituM kSamo yathA bhAskarastamonicayam-- Rte raveH kSAlayituM kSameta kaH, kSapAtamaskANDamalImasaM nabhaH / zi0 1-38 manasvitA jIvanonnAyikA / mAnahInasya jIvanaM tRNamiva tuccham / anekazo manasvitAyAH svAbhimAnasya ca guNagauravaM varNyate kavinA -

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mAghe santi trayo guNAH pAdAhataM yadutthAya mUrdhAnam adhirohati / svasthAdevApamAne'pi dehinastad varaM rajaH // zi0 2-46 sadAbhimAnaikadhanA hi mAninaH // zizu0 1-67 svIyaM darzanazAstravaidagdhyaM prakaTayatA tena dArzanikabhAvAnubaddhA bahavaH zlokA upanyastAH tadyathA 115 satIva yoSit prakRtiH sunizcalA pumAMsamabhyeti bhavAntareSvapi / zi0 1-72 zrIkRSNavarNane sAMkhyoktapuruSavarNanaM tena prastUyate yad udAsitAraM nigRhItamAnasa~gRhItamadhyAtmadRzA kathaMcana / barhivikAraM prakRteH pRthag viduH purAtanaM tvAM puruSaM purAvidaH // zi0 1 - 33 rAmaNIyakasya lakSaNaM tasya buddhivaizAradyaM sUcayati - kSaNe kSaNe yannavatAmupaiti tadeva rUpaM ramaNIyatAyAH / zi0 4 - 17 arthagauravavanto'nye kecana zlokA diGmAtram udAhriyante / tadyathA-- sarveSAM svArthasiddhirevAbhISTA / 'sarvaH svArthaM samIhate' ( 2-65 ) / sukaviH svIye kAvye guNatrayamevAzrayate / ' naikamojaH prasAdo vA rasabhAvavidaH kaveH ' ( 2-83 ) / sAmasahitaiva daNDanItiH sAdhIyasI / 'mRduvyavahitaM tejo bhoktumarthAn prakalpate' (2-85 ) / satkAvye'rthagauravAdhAnam anivAryam / 'anujjhitArtha - saMbandhaH prabandho durudAhara:' ( 2-73 ) | mahAnto mahadbhireva vivadante, nAdhamaiH / 'anuhuMkurute ghanadhvani nahi gomAyurutAni kesarI' ( 16-25 ) / arAtikRtA tiraskriyA duHsahA / 'paribhavo'ribhavo hi suduHsahaH ' ( 6-45 ) / kaTvapi bheSajaM gadahAri / 'arucyamapi rogaghnaM nisargAdeva bheSajam' ( 19-89 ) / santaH satAmeva gRhANi anugRhNanti / 'gRhAnupaituM praNayAdabhIpsavo bhavanti nApuNyakRtAM manISiNaH' ( 1 - 14 ) | kavayo mahIpAzcArthameva cintayanti / ' kavaya iva mahopAzcintayantyarthajAtam' ( 11-6 ) / strINAM rodanaM balam / 'ruditamuditamastraM yoSitAM vigraheSu' ( 11 - 35 ) | daivadurvipAko durnivAraH / 'hatavilisitAnAM hI vicitro vipAkaH ' ( 11-64 ) / mAghasya padalAlityam - mAghe padalAlityaM pade pade prApyate / padasaukumAryam, varNa- mAdhuryam, bhASAyAH saMgItAtmakatvam, bhAvAnusAri bhASAzrayaNam, bhASAyAm ArohAvarohakramazca padalAlityaM samedhayati / bhASAyAH saMgItAtma katvaM yathA-- madhurayA madhubodhita mAdhavI - madhusamRddhisamedhitamedhayA / madhukarAGganayA muhurunmada- dhvanibhRtA nibhRtAkSaramujjage // ( 6-20 ) yamakAlaMkArAlaMkRtabhASAzrayaNena mAdhuryam / yathA navapalAzapalAzavanaM puraH, sphuTaparAgaparAgatapaGkajam / mRdulatAntalatAntamalokayat sa surabhi surabhi sumanobharaiH // ( 6-2 )

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam bhAvAnusAri bhASAzrayaNena saukumAryam / yathAvadanasaurabhalobhaparibhramad-bhramarasaMbhramasaMbhRtazobhayA / calitayA vidadhe kalamekhalA- kalakalo'lakalola dRzA'nyayA // ( 6-14 ) anye ca padalAlityavantaH zlokA diGmAtram udAhriyante / yathA-- 'acUcuraccandramaso'bhirAmatAm ' (1 - 16), 'na rauhiNeyo na ca rohiNIzaH ' ( 3-60 ), 'prabhAvanIke tanavai jayantIH prabhAvanI ketanavaijayantI:' ( 6-69), 'vikacakamalagandhairandhayan bhRGgamAlAH, surabhitamakarandaM mandamAvAti vAtaH' ( 11-19 ) / 116 evaM guNatraye'pi mahanIyatvaM mAghasya prazasyam /

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33. naiSadhaM vidvadauSadham ( 1. udite naiSadhe kAvye, kva mAghaH kva ca bhAraviH, 2. naiSadhe padalAlityam ) zrIharSasya jIvanavRttaM kAvya-kRtitvaM ca-mahAkaveretasya janakaH zrIhIro jananI mAmalladevI ca / tathA hi-'zrIharSa kavirAjarAjimukuTAlaMkArahIraH sutaM, zrIhIraH suSave jitendriyacayaM mAmalladevI ca yam / ' (naiSadha01-145 ) / kAnyakubjezvarasya jayacandrasyAzrayamAzizriyat kavirayam, tadAdRtimavindata ca / 'tAmbUladvayamAsanaM ca labhate yaH kAnyakubjezvarAt' ( naiSadha0 22-153 ) / ato'sya janikAlo dvAdazazatAbdyA uttarArdho'GgIkriyate / zrIharSo mahAkavimahAyogI c| ubhayatrApi caramotkarSaM lebhe / 'yaH sAkSAtkurute samAdhiSu paraM brahma pramodArNavam / yatkAvyaM madhuvarSi' ( nai0 22-153 ) / sargAntazlokeSu granthASTakasyAnyasya nAmagrAhaM gRhyate tena / tatra cAdvaitavedAntapratipAdakaH khaNDanakhaNDakhAdyamevaiko granthaH sAmpratamupalabhyate'nye ca luptaprAyA eva / sAyAsametat tasya mahAkAvyaM, granthayazcAtra vinyastAstena mahatA zrameNa / ataH zramasAdhya eva mahAkAvyasyaitasyArthAvagamo'pi-- granthagranthiriha kvacit kvacidapi nyAsi prayatnAnmayA, prAjJaMmanyamanA haThena paThitI mA'smin khalaH khelatu / zraddhArAddhaguruzlazrIkRtadRDhagranthiH samAsAdayatvetatkAvyarasomimajjanasukhavyAsajjanaM sajjanaH // (nai0 22-152) ramaNIlAvaNyaM harati cetaH sacetaso yUna eva, na tu kizorANAm / tathaiva zrIharSakRtiH sudhIbhirevAsvAdanIyA, na tu prAzaMmanyaiH -- yathA yUnastadvat paramaramaNIyApi ramaNI, kumArANAmantaHkaraNaharaNaM naiva kurute / maduktizcedantarmadayati sudhIbhUya sudhiyaH, kimasyA nAma syaadrspurussaanaadrbhraiH|| ( nai0 22-150) bRhattrayo-zrIzrIharSamahAkaveH kRtirnaiSadhacaritaM kasya na kRtino mAnasamAvarjayati / bRhattrayyAmanyatamaiSA kRtiH| bhAraveH kirAtArjunIyaM, mAghasya zizupAlavadhaM, zrIharSasya naiSadhacaritaM ceti trayametad bRhattrayyAM gaNyate / uttarottarameSAmutkarSazcorarokriyate / etadbhAvAtmakamevaitadudgIryate--'tAvad bhA bhAraverbhAti, yAvanmAghasya nodyH| udite naiSadhe kAvye kva mAghaH kva ca bhAraviH // ' ___ zrIharSasya pANDityam-zrIharSo mahAkavirmahAdArzaniko mahAvaiyAkaraNazcetyAdivividhaviruddhaguNagaNasamanvayAdatizete sarvAnanyAn mahAkavIn pANDityapradarzane vAgvaibhave ruciraracanAyAM bhAvAbhivyaktI sAdhazabdasaMkalane vidyAvaizAradye vakroktivyavahAre c| anupamavaiduSyavaibhavAvirbhAvAt pANDityapuTaparipAkapratIkAzaH

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118 saMskRtanibandhazatakam pratIyate prabandho'sya / naikazAstraniSNAtasyAnupahatA gatiratreti 'naiSadhaM vidvadauSadham' iti sAhlAdamudghoSyate yazo'sya sudhIbhiH / pratipadaM padalAlityAvekSaNAt 'naiSadhe padalAlityam' ityabhidhIyate / naiSadhe padalAlityam-naiSadhe padalAlityaM pratipadaM prekSyate / kvacit prasAdaH,kvacinmAdhuryam, kvacicca ojoguNo lakSyate / prasAda-mAdhuryaguNAbhyAM saha padalAlityaM vicitrAmAbhAM pradarzayati / kAvyasya layAtmakatvaM saMgItAtmakatvaM ca zrutisukhadatvena samameva sahRdayahRdayAvarjakatvenopatiSThate / naiSadhe padalAlityaprAdhAnyamavalokya vipazcidbhiH 'naiSadhe padalAlityam' iti sAhlAdam udghossyte| katipayAni nidarzanAnyatra prastUyanteadhAri paddheSu tadaghriNA ghRNA kva tacchayacchAyalavo'pi pallave / tadAsyadAsye'pi gato'dhikAritA na zAradaH pAvikazarvarIzvaraH // naiSadha0 1-20 aho ahobhirmahimA himAgame' pyabhiprapede prati tAM smarAditAm / tapartupUrtAvapi medasAM bharA vibhAvarIbhibibharAMbabhUvire ||naissdh0 1-41 sakalayA kalayA kila daMSTrayA samavadhAya yamAya vinirmitH|| naiSadha0 4-72 nalinaM malinaM vivRNvatI, pRSatImaspRzatI tadIkSaNe / api khaJjanamaJjanAJcite vidadhAte rucigarvaduvidham // nai0 2-23 zlokeSveSu kvacidanuprAsaH kvacid yamakaM saundaryAdhAyakam / kvacit saukumAryameva padAnAM zrutisukhadatvahetuH / yathA dhanyAsi vaidarbhi guNairudArairyayA samAkRSyata naiSadho'pi / itaH stutiH kA khalu candrikAyA yadabdhimapyuttaralIkaroti // nai0 3-116 sapIteH saMprIterajani rajanIzaH prissdaa| parItastArANAM dinamaNimaNigrAvamaNikaH // naiSadha0 22-144 yathA yUnastadvat paramaramaNIyA'pi ramaNI kumArANAmantaHkaraNaharaNaM naiva kurute / maduktizcedantarmadayati sudhIbhUya sudhiyaH kimasyA nAma syaadrsprussaanaadrbhraiH|| nai0 22-150 naiSadhaM vidvadauSadham -vividhavidyApAradRzvA zrIharSaH / naiSadhe svavyutpattipradarzanopakrame sa pratipadaM kliSTatvaM durUhatvaM copapAdayati / vividhazAstrIyasiddhAntavarNanAt, zliSTa-kliSTa-pada-prayogAt, bahujJatA-pradarzanAcca svakAvye

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naiSadhaM vidvadauSadham vyutpattivAridhi prathayati / sa zliSTaprayogAdatiriktaM vyAkaraNa-nyAya-vaizeSikasAMkhya-yoga-vedAnta-mImAMsA-cArvAka-bauddha-jainAdidarzanAnAM durUhAn siddhAntAn yatra-tatra varNayati / viziSTa-darzanajJAnamantareNa tadarthAvagamo duSkara eva / na kevalaM pAzcAttyaviduSAmeva kRte, api tu bhAratIyavidvattallajAnAmapi kRte naiSadhaM durbodhameva / pANDityapradarzanasya duSpariNAmarUpatvena zrIharSasya kalApakSaH zriyamaznute, bhAvapakSazca daurbalyam / pANineH 'apavarge tRtIyA' (aSTA0 2.3-6) sUtre vyaGgyaM kurute yad apavargaviSaye mokSaviSaye vA tRtIyA prakRtiH strIpuMsAtiriktA klIbaprakRtirevopayuktA ubhayo prakRtiH kAme sajjediti mnermnH| apavarge tRtIyeti bhaNataH pANinerapi // nai0 17-70 'tadatyantavimokSo'pavarga:' 'sakalavizeSaguNocchedo muktiH' iti nirAnandaM mokSamAzritya vyaGgyaM kurute yad nyAyAbhimato mokSo gotamasyaiva mUrkhatamasyaiva mataM bhavitumarhati muktaye yaH zilAtvAya, zAstramace sacetasAm / gotamaM tamavekSyaiva yathA vittha tathaiva saH // ne0 17-75 vaizeSikadarzane 'kimidaM tamo bhAvarUpam abhAvarUpaM vA ?' iti vicAre 'bhAsAmabhAva eva tamaH', 'bhAbhAva eva tamaH' ityAdirUpeNa tamo vivicyate / vaizeSikadarzanakRt kaNAda eva ulakAparaparyAyaH / ato darzanametad aulUkadarzanaM nigadyate / etadAzrityaiva vyaGgyaM kriyate yad ulUka eva tamastattvaparIkSaNe kSamaH, tanmataM ca grAhyam dhvAntasya vAmoru vicAraNAyAM vaizeSikaM cAru mataM mataM me| aulUkamAhuH khalu darzanaM tat kSamaMtamastattvanirUpaNAya // nai0 22-35 vedAntadarzanAnusAraM muktau jIvAtmano brahmaNi vilayena brahmaiva kevalamavaziSyate, loke tu jIvabrahmaNordvayoreva pRthagastitvam / etanmatamAzrityaiva vyaGgyaM prayujyate yanmUrkha eva svAstitvavinAzAya pravatiSyate svaM ca brahma ca saMsAre muktau tu brahma kevalam / iti svocchitti-muktyukti-vaidagdhI brahmavAdinAm // nai0 17-74 zrIharSo'nyadarzanasiddhAntAn apAsya advaitavAdameva sarvamAnyatvenAzrayate zraddhAM dadhe niSadharADvimatau matAnAm advaitatattva iva satyatare'pi lokaH // nai0 13-36 sarasvatyAH svarUpavarNane ekasminneva zloke bauddhadarzanasya zAkhAtrayasiddhAntAH zUnyavAda-vijJAnavAda-sAkAravijJAnavAdAH samupasthApyante / yathA yA somasiddhAntamayAnaneva, zUnyAtmatAvAdamayodareva / vijJAnasAmastyamayAntareva, sAkAratAsiddhimayAkhileva // nai0 10-88 evameva vividhA darzanarAddhAntA itastataH prakIrNA upalabhyante / yathA

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120 saMskRtanibandhazatakam 'nAsti janyajanakavyatibhedaH0 ( nai0 5-94 ) ityatra sAMkhyAbhimataH satkAryavAdo viviyate / 'saMprajJAtavAsitatamaH samapAdi' ( nai0 21-118 ) ityatra yogadarzanapratipAditaH saMprajJAtasamAdhinirUyate / 'AdAviva dvayaNukakRt paramANuyugmam' ( nai0 3 -125 ) ityatra vaizeSikAbhimataH paramANuvAdaH, 'manobhirAsIdanaNupramANe ' ( nai0 3-37), 'janasya cetobhirivANimAGkitaiH0 ( nai0 1-59 ) ityatra manaso'NutvaM pratipAdyate / vizvarUpakalanAdupapannaM tasya jaiminimunitvmudiiye| vigrahaM makhabhujAmasahiSNurvyarthatAM madani sa ninAya // nai0 5-39 ityatra mImAMsAbhimataM devAnAm arUpitvaM mantrarUpitvaM ca nirdizyate / 'svata eva satAM parArthatA grahaNAnAM hi yathA yathArthatA' ( nai0 2-61 ) ityatra svataHprAmANyaM varNyate / 'nyavezi ratnatritaye' (nai0 9-71 ) ityatra jainAbhimataratnatrayasya varNanam / saptadaze sarge cArvAkasiddhAntavarNanam upalabhyate / 'ajasrasabhyAzamupeyuSA samaM mudaiva devaH kavinA budhena ca' (nai0 1-17 ) ityatra jyotiSasiddhAntavarNanaM prApyate / / udite naiSadhe kAvye0-mAghasya zizupAlavadhe kAvyasaundarya prekSya yathA bhAraverbhA astameti, tathaiva naiSadhe zrIharSasya vaiduSyaM vilokya bhAravimAghau dvAveva niSprabhatAM dhattaH / zrIharSaH kavitAkAminIkAnto bhASAprayogavidagdho vividhazAstraniSNAto rasasiddhaH kavIzvaro vartate / tasya kAvyaM pratipadaM tasya vyAkaraNavizeSajJatAM bhAvagAmbhIrya padamAdhuryaM bhASAsauSThavaM rasaparipAkaM ca prakaTayati / anupamastasya samagre'pi saMskRtavAGmaye'dhikAraH / gIrvANavANI vANIzvaramiva taM sevate / sa bhASAM puttalikAmiva nartayituM prabhavati / tadIhAsamakAlameva samupatiSThanti rasAH, bhAvAH, kamanIyA padAvalI, vividhAzcAlaMkArAH / gUDhAtigUDhabhAvAnvitAni kliSTAni padyAni sa yathaiva sAralyena racayitumalaM tathaiva saralAni sarasAni prasAdaguNopetAni hRdyAni padyAni / tasya padyAni nArikelaphalopamAnAni santi, bahiH kaThorANi, antaH mAdhuryopetAni ca / rasikaiH sahRdayavividhazAstraniSNAtaireva tatkAvyagauravam avadhArayituM paaryte| yathA kecana zleSaprayogA: 'ceto nalaM kAmayate madIyam' ( nai0 3-67 ), zleSamUlakamarthatrayamasya / cetaH nalaM kAmayate, cetaH na laMkAm ayate, cetaH analaM kAmayate / 'syAdasyA naladaM vinA na dalane tApasya ko'pi kSamaH' ( nai0 4-116 ) ityatra nalada-zabdo dvayarthakaH / paJcArthakaM padyaM yathA devaH patividuSi naiSa dharAjagatyA nirNIyate na kimu na viyate bhvtyaa| nAyaM nalaH khalu tavAtimahAnalAbho yadyenamujjhasi varaH kataraH paraste // nai0 13-34 .

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34. kAruNyaM bhavabhUtireva tanute ( uttare rAmacarite bhavabhUtiviziSyate ) bhavabhUteH kavIndrasya vANI kAmadudhA mtaa| brahmAnandasahodayAM yA tanoti mudaM sadA // ( kapilasya ) bhavabhUte|vanavRttaM nATya-kRtitvaM ca-zrIbhavabhUtiH kAnyakubjezvarasya zrImato yazovarmaNa Azrito mahAkavirityatra sarveSAM sudhiyAm aikamatyam / mahAkavinA bANena harSacarite mahAkavigaNanAprasaGgenAsyAbhidhAnam abhyadhAyItimahAkaverbANAt pUrvaM janikAlamasya neti nirNIyate / evaM bhavabhUterjanikAla:700 IsavIyasya saMnidhau svIkriyate / vidarbha ( barAra )-pradezastha-padmapura-nagara-vAstavyo'yaM zrIkaNThapadalAJchano bhavabhUti-nAmA'bhavat / pitAmaho'sya bhaTTagopAlo, janako nIlakaNTho, jananI jAtukarNI, guruzca jJAnanidhirnAma / nATaka trayamasya samupalabhyate-mAlatImAdhavam, mahAvIracaritam, uttararAmacaritaM ca / vyAkaraNa-nyAyamImAMsA-zAstreSu niSNAtatvAdeva 'pada-vAkya-pramANajJaH' ityupAdhi-samalaMkRto'bhUt / vedeSvanyeSu ca zAstreSvasya avyAhatA gatiH / vAgdevI taM vazyeva samanvavartateti tathyaM svayamevodghoSyate tena / 'yaM brahmANamiyaM devI vAgvazyevAnuvartate' ( uttara0 1-2) ___bhavabhUteH karuNo rasaH-karuNarasaniSyande nAtizete'nyo mahAkavirmahAkavimamum / karuNarasodrekam Alokyaiva kaveretasya kRtiSu kRtibhiH kRtAni katipayAni prazaMsApadyAni / AryAsaptazatyAM zrIgovardhanAcAryoM bhavabhUterbhAratI bhUdharasutayA gauryopmimiite| etatkRtakAruNye grAvANo'pi rudanti, anyeSAM tu kA kathA bhavabhUteH saMbandhAd bhUdharabhUreva bhAratI bhAti / etatkRtakAruNye kimanyathA roditi grAvA // AryA0 1-36 kAruNye sa kAlidAsAdapyatiricyate / ata ucyate-'uttare rAmacarite bhvbhuutivishissyte'| eko rasaH karuNa eva-karuNarasapravAhaparIkSayA parIkSyate cennATakatrayamasya tahi uttararAmacaritameva sarvAtizAyi / yathA'tra karuNarasa-niSyando, na tathA'nyatra / kiM kAruNyam ? karuNarasasya pravAha eva kAruNyamiti / idamatrAvadheyam / bhavabhUtiH karuNarasaM rasatvenaiva nAtiSThate'pi tu sameSAM rasAnAM mUlabhUtatvena 1. vizadavivecanArtha draSTavyam -prauDharacanA0 nibandhasaMkhyA 11, lekhakakRta-saM0 sA0 ___ samokSAtmaka itihAsa, pRSTha-412-415, 425 428

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122 saMskRtanibandhazatakam karuNamevaikaM rasaM manute / anye rasA asyaiva vivartarUpeNa pariNAmarUpeNa vA pariNamante iti karuNa rasasya mahattvam AtiSThate / Aha ca eko rasaH karuNa eva nimittabhedAda . bhinnaH pRthak pRthagiva zrayate vivartAn / AvartabubudataraGgamayAn vikArAn ___ ambho yathA salilameva hi tat samagram // uttara0 3-47 kAruNyaM bhavabhUtireva tanute-saMskRtavAGmaye karuNarasavarNane bhavabhUtestadeva sthAnaM yat zRGgArarasavarNane kAlidAsasya / nATakakRdrUpeNa dvayoreva pratispardhitvam / bhavabhUtau bahirdRSTayaiva sAkaM sUkSmA'ntardRSTirapi lakSyate / mAnavIyamanobhAvAnAm antaHsthitezca yAdRk susUkSmaM manovaijJAnika vizleSaNaM bhavabhUtinA prastUyate, tadanyatra sudurlabham / jagato vinazvaratAM prekSaM prekSaM bhavabhUteH kAruNyAplutA rasadhArA prasarati / sa rAmakathAm , prAdhAnyena sItA-parityAgama, Azritya svIyAM bhAvanAM mUrtarUpeNopasthApayati / tasya vAci tAdRg vIrya yathA na kevalaM vRkSavanaspatyAdayaH, api tu parvata-rodana-kSamatA'pi tasya vAci darIdRzyate / nIraso'pi jana uttararAmacaritam adhItya nUnaM bASpAkulekSaNo bhaviteti nizcapracam / bhavabhUtau bhAvAnAM komalatA, hRdayasparzitA, tAdAtmyAnubhUtiH, saMvedanazIlatvaM ca varIvarti, ataeva 'kAruNyaM bhavabhUtireva tanute' iti tasya yazo jegIyate / diGmAtramiha kecana mArmikA bhAvodbodhakAH prasaGgAH prastUyante / chadmaprayogeNa rAvaNaH sItAm aharat / tadviyoga-viSaNNasya dAzaratheH sthitim avadhArya grAvANo'pi sahajA dhIratAM muJcanti, vajrasyApi mAnasaM mArdavaM saMzrayateathedaM rakSobhiH kanakahariNacchadmavidhinA tathA vRttaM pApairvyathaya ta yathA kSAlitamapi / janasthAne zUnye vikalakaraNairAryacaritairapi grAvA rodityapi dalati vajrasya hRdayam // . uttara0 1-28 sItA-parityAga-santaptasya rAmasya tAdRzyevAvasthA'vartata yathA puTapAke kasyacid dhAtoH - anibhinno gabhIratvAdantarguDhaghanavyathaH / puTapAkapratIkAzo rAmasya karuNo rsH|| uttara0 3-1 lokApavAdena jAnakI parityajya rAmaH kathamapi na dhRti vindate / sa paurAn upAlambhayannAhana-kila bhavatAM devyAH sthAnaM gRhe'bhimataM tata stRNamiva vane zUnye tyaktA na caapynushocitaa|

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kAruNyaM bhavabhUtireva tanute 123 ciraparicitAste bhAvAstathA dravayanti mA midamazaraNairadyAsmAbhiH prasIdata rudyate // uttara0 3-32 / / na kevalametadeva / rAmaparityaktA sItA kvacid araNye zvApadairbhakSiteti anumIyate rAmeNa / kaSTApannAyAH sItAyA varNanaM kathamiva mano drAvayati astaikahAyanakuraGgaviloladRSTestasyAH prisphuritgbhraalsaayaaH| jyotsnAmayIva mRdubAlamRNAlakalpA kravyAbhiraGgalatikA niyataM viluptA // uttara0 3-28 parityaktAyAH zokasantaptAyAH sItAyAH zarIralAvaNyaM vilInam / sA karuNasya mUrtiriva, zarIradhAriNI virahavyatheva, hInA dInA kSINA cAlakSyate karuNasya mUtirathavA zarIriNI, virahavyatheva vanameti jAnakI // uttara0 3-4 zokasantaptacetA marmavyathAhatacetano rAmo jIvanaM niSphalaM kaSTaprAyaM du:khadAvAgnidagdhaM ca gaNayati / prANA vajrakIlavat tasya hRdayaM rundhanti duHkhasaMvedanAyava rAme caitanyamAhitam / marmopaghAtibhiH prANairvajrakIlAyitaM hRdi // uttara0 1-47 zoko vilApo'zrupAtazca jIvanarakSAsAdhanAni, yathA jalAplAvitataTAkasya salilaniHsAraNenaiva surkssaa| pUrotpIDe taTAkasya parIvAhaH prtikriyaa| zokakSobhe ca hRdayaM pralApaireva dhAryate // uttara0 3-29 sItAharaNacitradarzanena viSaNNasya vilapatazca dAzaratheravasthAM varNayati kaviH, bASpaprasaraM ca muktAhAreNopamimIte ayaM tAvad bASpastruTita iva muktAmaNisaro visarpana dhArAbhiluMThati dharaNI jrjrknnH| niruddho'pyAvegaH sphuradadharanAsApuTatayA pareSAmunneyo bhavati ciramAdhmAtahRdayaH // uttara0 1-29 zambUkaprasaGgena daNDakAraNyaM paJcavaTIM ca prApya jAnakIsahavAsaM smAraM smAraM khidyatetamA mano mAnino rAmasya / rAmo'bhidhatte-- cirAda vegArambhI prasRta iva tIvo. viSarasaH kutazcit saMvegAt pracala iva zalyasya shklH| vraNo rUDhagranthiH sphuTita iva hRnmarmaNi punaH purAbhUtaH zoko vikalayati mAM nUtana iva // uttara0 2-26 paJcavaTIdarzanena rAmasya duHkhAgniruddAmaM prajvalati, mohazca taM sarvathA''vRNoti

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saMskRta nibandhazatakam antarlInasya duHkhAgneradyoddAmaM jvaliSyataH / utpIDa iva dhUmasya mohaH prAgAvRNoti mAm // uttara0 3-9 rAmasya santApajAM sthiti kathamiva kaviH sajIvarUpeNa citrayati / tasya hRdayaM zokAd vidIryate, paraM na dvidhA chidyate; mohAgame'pi caitanyaM nojjhati; zoko dehaM dahati, na ca bhassAt kurute; vidhirmarmacchedanaM vidhatte, jIvitaM na tu samApayati 124 dalati hRdayaM zokodvegAd dvidhA tu na bhidyate vahati vikalaH kAyo mohaM na muJcati cetanAm / jvalayati tanUmantardAhaH karoti na bhasmasAt praharati vidhirmarmacchedI na kRntati jIvitam // uttara0 3-31 rAmo jAnakIM saMbodhayan svIyAm asahya vedanAM vizadayati / samagraM jagad andhatAmisraM pratIyate, mohazca nizcaitanyaM prathayati / kiM vA zaraNam, kA vA gatiH ? hA hA devi ! sphuTati hRdayaM dhvaMsate dehabandhaH zUnyaM manye jagadaviralajvAlamantarjvalAmi / sIdannandhe tamasi vidhuro majjatIvAntarAtmA viSvaG mohaH sthagayati kathaM mandabhAgyaH karomi // uttara0 3-38 uttare rAmacarite bhavabhUtiviziSyate - mahAkavirUpeNa kAlidAso'tizete kavInanyAn, paraM nATakakRdrUpeNa bhavabhUtistasya pratispardhI / uttararAmacarite tu sakaruNarasapravAhe kAlidAsAdapi atiricyate / ataeva 'uttare rAmacarite 0' iti sUktimuktA prasarIsati / uttararAmacarite bhavabhUternATyakalAyAH kavitvasya ca caramotkarSo lakSyate / dvayoreva kavivarayoH kiMcid sAmyaM vaiSamyaM cAvalokyate / sAmyadRzA parIkSite sati-dvAveva saphalau mahAkavI nATakakArau ca; dvayoreva bhASA vaza-vartinI; svAbhISTarasavarNane dvayoH prAgalbhyam; dvayoreva maulikatvaM pratibhAvaziSTatvaM ca; sahRdayahRdayahAriNI vidagdhatA | 1 vaiSamyadRzA parIkSite sati -- ( 1 ) kAlidAsakRtiSu prasAdo mAdhuryaM ca, samAsAbhAvo durUhapadAvalIparityAgazca paraM bhavabhUti - kRtiSu ojoguNasya bhUyastvaM durUhapadaprayogaH samastA kliSTA ca padAvalI pratipadaM parilakSyate / ( 2 ) kAlidAsaH zRGgArarasavarNane caramotkarSaM dhatte paraM bhavabhUtiH karuNa rasapravAhe / (3) kAlidAso vyaJjanAvRttipradhAnaH, bhavabhUtistu abhidhAvRttipradhAnaH / ( 4 ) kAlidAsakRtiSu kalpanAramyatvam, bhavabhUtikRtiSu bhAvagAmbhIryam; kAlidAse sarasatvaM saralatvaM ca bhavabhUtI ojastvaM prauDhizca; - kAlidAse naisargikatvaM bhavabhUtI AdarzarUpatvaM ca prathate / ( 5 ) kAlidAsaH

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kAruNyaM bhavabhUtireva tanute 125 prakRtivarNane komalaM lalitaM ca pakSamAzrayate / bhavabhUtizca pracaNDaM kaThoraM ca pakSaM vizadayati / yathA uttararAmacarite bhayAvahavanAnAm grISmartI madhyAhnasya ca varNanam / yathA daNDakavanavarNanam niSkUjastimitAH kvacit kvacidapi proccaNDasattvasvanAH, svecchaasuptgbhiirbhogbhujgshvaasprdiiptaagnyH|| uttara0 2-16 karuNarasapravAhastu tathA prasarati yathA varSau jalaughaH / prayatnavArito'pi sa pravAhaH saikataM setumiva yatnAn viphalayati / sAdhUcyate velollola-kSubhitakaraNojjambhaNastambhanArtha yo yo yatnaH kathamapi samAdhIyate taM tmntH| bhittvA bhittvA prasarati balAt ko'pi cetovikArastoyasyevApratihatarayaH saikataM setumoghH|| uttara0 3-36

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35. kAvyeSu nATakaM ramyam zravyaM sahRdayAsvAdyaM nATyaM dRzyaguNonnatam / / hunnetraraJjanAt preyo rasabhAvavibodhakRt // ( kapilasya ) 'kalAsImA kAvyama'-'prayojanamanuddizya mando'pi na pravartate' ityAbhANakam uddizya prayojanamUlaiva sarveSAM pravRttiH / kAvye nATye ca saiva pravRttiH sulbhaa| kAvyAderadhyayanasya kiM prayojanamiti jijJAsitaM ced rasAsvAda AnandAnubhUtirvA tatprayojanam / kAvyaM hi sulalitabhASAnibaddhatvAt kalpanApracuratvAd manobhAvAbhivyaJjakatvAt prasAdamAdhuryAdiguNasamanvitatvAd alaMkArAlaMkRtatvAd rasapravAhaparItatvAt kalAtmakatvAcca sarveSAmapi sUdhiyAM cetAMsi Avarjayati / vividhakalAprakhyApanAd rucira-guNAlaMkArasahitatvAd vidvanmanomohanatvAcca 'kalAsImA kAvyam' iti sAdaram udghoSyate / yAdRzI kalpanAmUlA cetaHprasAdinI rucirA bhAvAbhivyakti: kAvye, na tathAnyatra / ataeva kaizcid niHsaMkocam udIryate yat 'meghe mAghe gataM vayaH' / tatra svAnubhUteH prAkAzyena vividhazAstrAvagAhijJAnena ca sarvAGgINatvaM jIvanoddezyasya sAphalyaM ca / ___ kAvyasya bhedAH-tacca kAvyaM dvidhA vibhajyate-dRzyaM zravyaM ca / zravyaM kAvyaM-kAvya-mahAkAvya-gItikAvyAdibhedena bahuvidham / dRzyaM kAvyam abhineyaM bhavati / tatra ca naTAdau rAmAdisvarUpAropo bhavati / ato dRzyaM kAvyaM 'rUpakam' ityucyate / uktaM ca vizvanAthena dRzyazravyatvabhedena punaH kAvyaM dvidhA matam / dRzyaM tatrAbhineyaM tadarUpAropAttu rUpakam // sA0 darpaNa 6-1 avasthAnukRtirnATyam / rUpakaM tatsamAropAt // dazarUpaka 1-7 'vastu netA rasasteSAM bhedakaH' ( dazarUpaka 1-11) / dhanaJjayAnusAraM nATake tattvatrayaM pramukham / tadAzritaM ca nATakasya vibhAjanam / atra nATake rasasya mahattvam urarIkriyate / rasaniSpattyai Anandopalabdhyai ca nATakAnAM rcnaa| nATakAnAM ramyatvam-'kAvyeSu nATakaM ramyam' iti nATakAnAM ramyatvaM jijJAsitaM cet svAnubhUtyaiva teSAM mahattvaM sphuTIbhavati / kAvyaM zravyam , adhyayanAdhyApanAdi-dvArA tasya tttvaarthbodhH| zravaNadvArA tatra rasaniSpattiH / nATakeSu tu abhinayAdipradarzanAd vezabhUSAdyalaMkaraNAt prAkRtikadRzyasaMyojanAt AGgikavAcikAdyabhinayasaMmizraNAt nRtyagItalAsyavilAsAt na kevalaM sacetasAmeva rasAsvAdo manastoSazca, api tu AbAlavRddhaM zikSitAnAm , azikSitAnAm , narANAM nArINAM cAnandAvAptirmanoraJjanaM ca / sakale'pi bhuvane nATayAnAM prasiddharetadeva mUlam / uktaM ca bharatena

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127 kAvyeSu nATakaM rabhyam na tajjJAnaM na tacchilpaM na sA vidyA na sA klaa| nAsau yogo na tatkarma nATye'smin yanna dRzyate // nATya0 1-117 nATayasya mahattvaM nATyazAstre bharatena savistaraM vyAkhyAyate / tadyathA duHkhArtAnAM zramArtAnAM zokArtAnAM tapasvinAm / vizrAntijananaM kAle nATyametad bhaviSyati // nA0 1-115 dhayaM yazasvamAyuSyaM hitaM buddhivivardhanam / lokopadezajananaM nATyametad bhaviSyati // nATya0 1-116 uttamAdhamamadhyamAnAM sarveSAmapi nRNAM hitopadezakAri dhRtidaM vinodajanakam AnandapradaM caitadbhaviSyati / uttamAdhamamadhyAnAM narANAM karmasaMzrayam / hitopadezajananaM dhRtikrIDAsukhAdikRt // nATya0 1-113 nATakAnAM mahattvam-nATaye na ko'pi bhAvo viSayo vA'vaziSyate / sarve'pi rasA atra nibaddhAH / yathAsthAnaM puruSArthacatuSTayaM catuvargo vA'tra saMgRhyate / kvacid dharmaH kvacit krIDA kvacidarthaH kvcicchmH| kvacid hAsya kvacid yuddhaM kvacit kAmaH kvacid vdhH|| nATya01-108 atra lokavRttam anusRtya nAnAbhAvA viSayAzcopasthApyante / nAnAbhAvopasaMpannaM nAnAvasthAntarAtmakam / lokavRttAnukaraNaM nATyametanmayA kRtam // nATya0 1-112 atra kvacid vaidikI zikSA, kvacit aitihyam, kvacid AkhyAnam, kvacidAcAravicAra-zikSA, kvacit kartavyodbodhanaM ca samAvizyate / vedavidyetihAsAnAm AkhyAnaparikalpanam / / vinodakaraNaM loke nATayametad bhaviSyati // nA0 1-122 zrutismRtisadAcAra-parizeSArtha-kalpanam / vinodajananaM loke nATayametad bhaviSyati // nATya0 1-123 na kevalametadeva, api tu nATayaM sarveSAmapi abhISTaM sAdhayati / yasya yadevAbhISTaM tasya tadeva prApayati / yasya yadviSayikA'bhiruciH sa tatra tadviSayikI sAmagrIm upalabhate / tadyathA-dharmaniSThAnAM kRte dharmacarcA, viSayiNAM kRte viSayopabhogaH, ajJAnAM kRte jJAnopadezaH, sudhiyAM jJAnavardhanam, dhaninAM vilAsaH, arthAthinAm arthopArjanasAdhanam / sUktaM bharatena dharmo dharmapravRttAnAM kAmaH kAmopasevinAm / nigraho duvinItAnAM mattAnAM damanakriyA // nA0 1-109 klIbAnAM dhASryajananam utsAhaH zUramAninAm / abudhAnAM vibodhazca vaiduSyaM viduSAmapi // nATaya0 1-110

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128 saMskRtanibandhazatakam IzvarANAM vilAsazca sthairya duHkhAditasya ca / arthopajIvinAmoM dhRtirudvignacetasAm // nATya0 1-111 etadevAzritya mahAkavinA kAlidAsenocyate mAlivikAgnimitre devAnAmidamAmananti munayaH zAntaM kratuM cAkSuSaM rudraNedamumAkRtavyatikare svAGge vibhaktaM dvidhaa| traiguNyodbhavamatra lokacaritaM nAnArasaM dRzyate nATyaM bhinnarucerjanasya bahudhA'pyekaM samArAdhanam // mAla0 1-4 . bhAratIyA sNskRtirvedmuulaa| nATyazAstraM ca vedamUlam / atra RgvedAt pAThyam, yajurvedAdabhinayaH, sAmavedAt saMgItam, atharvavedAcca rasasAmagrI gRhyate / uktaM ca jagrAha pAThyamRgvedAt sAmabhyo gItameva ca / yajurvedAdabhinayAn rasAnAtharvaNAdapi // nATya0 1-17 sahRdayaireva ratyAdivAsanAm Azritya rasAsvAdo vidhIyate / svacetogatavAsanAzrayeNaiva prekSakairapi rasAsvAdanaM kriyate / na syAcced vAsanA prekSakeSu tahi te jIvanto'pi mRtopamAH kASThapASANAdisaMkAzAzca / ucyate vizvanAthena dharmadattena ca na jAyate tadAsvAdo vinA ratyAdivAsanAm / sA0 da0 3-8 savAsanAnAM sabhyAnAM rasasyAsvAdanaM bhavet / / nirvAsanAstu raGgAntaH kaasstthkuddyaashmsNnibhaaH||dhrmdttH upasaMhAraH-jIvitamidaM sama-viSamaM sukha-duHkhAdyanubhUtipradhAnam / khinnacetovinodAya nATayaM preSThaM sAdhanam / nATyaM viSaNNasya viSAdApaham, khitrasya khedApanodanam, Artasya Atiharam, AdhiprapIDitasya mAnasikopacAraH, utpIDitasya mArgapradarzakam, yathAyathaM sarveSAm upakAri ca / zrAntacittavinodanasya nAnyaH sAdhIyAn pnthaaH| kAnicid nATakAni upadezapradAni, kAnicit zikSApradAni, kAnicid dezabhakti-bhagavadbhakti-samAjasevA-paropakArAdi-bhAvasamanvitAni ca prApyante / evaM nATakAni sarvajanahRyAni sarvavidhajJAnapradAni sarvamanastoSakANItyutprekSyaivodgIryate ... kAvyeSu nATakaM rmym|

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36. gadya kavInAM nikaSaM vadanti ( ojaHsamAsabhUyastvametad gadyasya jIvitam ) gadyasya svarUpama-kAvyasya bhedadvayaM svIkurvatA vizvanAthena nigadyate'dRzya zravyatvabhedena punaH kAvyaM dvidhA matam' (sA0 da0 6-1) / tatra ca zravyakAvyaM padya-gadya-bhedena dvidhA vibhajyate / 'zravyaM zrotavyamAnaM tatpadyagadyamayaM dvidhA' (sA0 da0 6-313 ), gadyakAvyalakSaNaM tenocyate-vRttabandhojjhitaM gadyam' ( sA0 da0 6-330) / agnipurANe gadyalakSaNaM nirdizyate-'apAdaH padasantAno gadyaM tadapi kathyate / ' kAvyAdarze daNDI kAvyaM tredhA vibhajate-'gadyaM padyaM ca mizraM ca tat vidhaiva vyavasthitam' ( kAvyAdarza 1-11) / gadyalakSaNaM ca tenAbhidhIyateapAda: padasantAno gadyam, ( kAvyAdarza 1-23 ) / pAda-vibhAjana-rahitaH padasamuccayo gadyamiti / pUrvamImAMsAyAM zeSe yajuHzabda:' ( pUrva0 2-1-37 ) iti gadyabandhe 'yajuH' zabdaH prayuktaH / yajuH zabdazca paribhASyate 'aniyatAkSarAvasAno yajuH' 'gadyAtmako yajuH' iti ca / / gadyakAvye'pi kAvyalakSaNaM sarvathA prasphuratIti gadyabandho'pi kAvyam ucyate / 'zabdArthoM sahitau kAvyam' ( bhAmaha 1 - 16 ), tadadoSau zabdArthoM saguNAvanalaMkRtI puna: kvApi ( kAvyaprakAza 1-4), ramaNIyArthapratipAdakaH zabdaH kAvyam ( rasagaMgAdhara ), vAkyaM rasAtmakaM kAvyam ( sA0 da01-3), ityAdiSu lakSaNeSu rasAtmakatvaM, saguNatvam, ramaNIyArtha-pratipAdakatvaM ca kAvye'pekSyante / ete gaNA yathaiva padyAtmake kAvye prApyante, tathaiva gadyakAvye'pi / rasA bhAvA guNA alaMkArAdayo yathA padyakAvye upalabhyante, tathaiva gadyakAvye'pi / evamubhayoH sAmyaM lakSyate / gadya kavInAM nikaSa vadanti-subhASitenAnena jJAyate yat padyakAvyApekSayA gadyakAvyaviracanaM duSkarataram / padyakAvye tu kAnicid rasabhAvadhvanigaNAlaMkArAdi-samavetAni padyAni tasya saundarya mAdhuryaM ca samedhayanti / kAvye kalpanAyAH, anubhUteH, bhaNitibhaGgyAH , chandasAM saMgItAtmakatAyAzca samanvayena camatkRtiH saMjAyate / paraM gadye naitat saMbhAvyate / tatra pratipadaM prativAkyaM mAdhurya prasAda ojo vA'pekSyate / alaMkArANAM saMmizraNam, dhvanervakroktervA sAdhUpayogaH, kalpanAyAH samutkarSaH, anubhUtergAmbhIryaM vA gadye pratipadamanivAryam / na syAccet camatkRti-vaiziSTyaM tarhi gadyaM nIrasabhojanamiva heyamanupAdeyaM ca syAt / bhAvavaiziSTyaM, kalpanAvaicitryaM, prauDhA prAJjalA zailI, sarasaM vastu, vakroktipradhAnA bhaNitiH, zabdasauSThavam, bhAvasaundaryam, abhivyakteH ramyatvaM ca gadyakAvye sahRdayAhlAda-kAritvaM lokopasevyatvaM ca guNaM prathayati / etad dhyAyaM dhyAyaM kavibhiridamudIryate yad-gadyaM kavInAM nikaSaM vadanti /

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130 saMskRtanibandhazatakam gadya caturvidham-sAhityadarpaNe gadyaM caturdhA vibhajyate-(1) muktakamsamAsarahitam, ( 2 ) vRttagandhi-padyAMzasamavetam, (3 ) utkalikAprAyamdIrghasamAsabahalam, ( 4 ) cUrNakam-svalpasamAsa-samanvitam / tathA cocyate vRttabandhojjhitaM gadyaM muktakaM vRttagandhi ca // 6-330 bhavedutkalikAprAyaM cUrNakaM ca caturvidham / Adya samAsarahitaM vRttabhAgayutaM param // 6-331 anyad dIrghasamAsADhyaM turya cAlpasamAsakam // sA0 da0 6-332 gadya dvividham-gadyaM kathA-AkhyAyikA-bhedena dvidhA vibhajyate / agnipurANe, rudraTasya kAvyAlaMkAre, daNDinaH kAvyAdarza, vizvanAthasya sAhityadarpaNe, amarakoze ca bhedadvayam etad vivicyate / tadanusAraM kathAyA vaiziSTyaM vartate(1) kathA-kavikalpitA, kathAyA vaktA nAyakaH svayam anyo vA kazcana, ucchvAsAdivibhAjanAbhAvaH, vaktrApavaktrAdipadyAbhAva, bhASA saMskRtaM prAkRtAdikaM vA, svacaritavarNanAdyabhAvaH / (2) AkhyAyikA-aitihAsika-kathAsaMbaddhA, nAyako'tra vaktA, ucchvAsAdiSu vibhaktA, vaktrAparavaktrapadyasaMyuktA, saMskRtaniSThA, svalpapadyAnvitA, svacarita-parakavicaritrAdisaMyuktA ca / tatra 'kAdambarI' kathAyA nidarzanaM 'harSacaritam' caakhyaayikaayaaH| bhedadvayam avAstavikamiti nirAkriyate daNDiprabhRtibhiH / / tatkathAkhyAyiketyekA jAtiH sNjnyaadvyaaNkitaa| atraivAntarbhaviSyanti zeSA aakhyaanjaatyH|| kAvyAdarza 1-28 gadyaM paJcavidham-agnipurANe gadyakAvyaM paJcadhA vibhajyate / samAsatastad nirUpyate (1) kathA-kavivaMzavarNanam, mukhyakathAsaMbaddhAzcAnye kathAnakAH, paricchedAbhAvaH lambakopayogazca / (2) khaNDakathA-kathAmadhye catuSpadIzlokAnAM prayogaH, vipralambhazRGgArasya karuNarasasya ca mukhyatvena varNanam / / (3) parikathA-khaNDakathAvat, kathAkhyAyikAbhedayoratra samizraNam / ( 4 ) AkhyAyikA-gadya kavivaMzavarNanam, kanyAharaNa-saMgrAma-viyogAdivarNanam, svabhAva-pravRttyAdInAM prakAzanam, ucchvAse vibhAjanam, alpasamAsayuktaM gadyam , kvacit padyaprayogazca / (5) kathAnikA-Adau bhayAnakarasaH, madhye karuNarasaH, ante'dbhutarasazca / nodAttaprakRtiH, api tu saMkIrNaprakRtiH / 1. kathAkhyAyikayostAttvikabhedArtha draSTavyam--granthakRtA praNItaH 'saM0 sA0 samIkSA tmaka itihAsaH' pRSTha 461-464 /

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gadyaM kavInAM nikaSa vadanti 131 kathA ekAdazavidhA-hemacandrAcAryeNa kAvyAnuzAsanasyASTame'dhyAye saptamASTamasUtrayovivaraNe kathAyA ekAdaza bhedA varNyante-(1) upAkhyAnam-- kathAntargatopakathA, (2) AkhyAnakam -paraprabodhArtha granthikena paThitaM gItamabhinItaM vA, (3) nidarzanam-pazu-pakSi-jIvAdi-sabaddham, (4) pravalikApradhAnakathAzritavivAdAdivarNanaM prAkRte / ( 5 ) manthallikA-mAhArASTrAdiprAkRtAzrayA kssdrkthaa| (6) maNikUlyA-ante tattvArthaprakAzikA kathA / (7) prikthaa-cturvrgaashritaa'dbhutkthaamuulaa| (8) khnnddkthaa-kthaa'ntrgtopkthaa| (9) sakalakathA-sarvAGgapUrNA kathA / (10) upakathA-kathAGgAzritA prasiddhopakathA / ( 11) bRhatkathA-adbhutakAryasiddhimUlA paizAcIbhASAzrayA vistRtA kthaa| upanyAso navavidhaH-praNayamUlA kathopanyAsazabdena vyavahriyate / ambikAdattavyAsena gadyakAvyamImAMsAyAm upanyAso navadhA vibhajyate-kathA, kathAnikA,. kathanam, AlApaH, AkhyAnam, AkhyAyikA, khaNDakathA, parikathA, saMkIrNaM ceti / lakSaNAni prAyazo hemacandrakRta-kathAbhedalakSaNavad avgntvyaani| .... kathA kathAnikA caiva kathanAlApako tthaa| AkhyAnAkhyAyike khaNDakathA parikathA'pi ca // 1-25 saMkIrNamiti vijJeyA upanyAsabhidA nava // gadyakAvyamImAMsA 1-26. ojaHsamAsabhayastvama-AcAryadaNDinA kAvyAdarza 'ojaHsamAsabhUyastvama etad gadyasya jIvitam' (kA0 1-80) ityadIryate / sa gadya ojoguNaprAdhAnyaM samAsabAhulyaM ca tajjIvitarUpeNAGgIkaroti / tasyAbhiprAyo'yaM yad gadye ojoguNenaiva sphUrtiH zaktimattA hRdyatvaM cApadyate / tatra samAsabhUyastvena camatkRtiH kAntimattvam audAryaM ca / yadi gadye dRDhabandhaH, samAsabAhulyam, ojaHprAdhAnyam, vividhAlaMkRti-puSTatvaM ca na syAt tarhi gadyakAvyaM jIrNa-bhavanamiva vizIryeta / ojoguNastasya saundarya puSNAti, samAsabhUyastvaM ca dRDhastambhavat kAvyaprAsAdasaMrakSakaM balAdhAyakaM ca / samAsarahitaM gadyakAvyaM nirbalaM sad balIyasA AlocanAmAstena prapIDitaM dhvaMseta / sumadhuragadyabandhe daNDI subandhurbANabhaTTazceti gadyakavitrayI prthittmaa| samudraguptasya hariSeNa-kRtAyAM prayAga-prazastau, rudradAmno girinAraprazastau ca ojaHsamAsabhUyastva-viziSTasya gadyasya mAdhuryaM sNlkssyte| evaM sidhyati yad askhalitapadaracanayA alaMkArAdimAdhuryeNa samAsAditavaiziSTayena ca gadyakAvyaM prathate /

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. 37. bANocchiSTaM jagatsarvam ( ka. hRdayavasatiH paJcabANastu bANaH; kha. vANI bANo babhUva ha; ga. bANaH kavInAmiha cakravartI, gha. bANastu paJcAnanaH; Ga. kAdambarIrasajJAnAmAhAro'pi na rocte|) - bANasya jIvanavRttam-mahAkaverbANasya janikAlaviSaye vaMzAdiviSaye ca na kAcana vipratipattiH / harSacaritasyAdau tena vaMzAdivivaraNaM mahatA vistareNa upasthApyate / janako'sya citrabhAnurjananI rAjadevI ca / samrAjo harSasya samakAlInatvAt janikAlo'sya IsavIyasaptamazatAbdyA: pUrvArdho'GgIkriyate / harSacaritaM kAdambarI ceti granthadvayam asya pradhAnataH kRtitvenAGgIkriyate / kRtayo'nyA vivAdaviSayA eva viduSAm / / bANasya kavitvaprazastiH-nikhile'pi saMskRtavAGamaye kavikulaguruH kAlidAso yathA racanAcAturyeNa kalpanAvaicitryeNa ca padyabandhe gariSTho variSThazca, tathaiva gadyakAvyanibandhane kavivaro bANo'tizete'nyAn sarvAnapyabhirUpAn / padyaracanAyAM keSucideva padyeSu uktivaicitryeNa bhAvagAmbhIryeNa kRtikauzalena vA'pUrvA chaTA saMjAyate'khile'pi kAvye / paraM naitAvataiva saMbhAvyate gadyakAvye'pi tAdRzyanupamA kAntiH / gadyakAvye tu bhUyAn zramo'pekSyate / pade pade vAgvaicitryamarthagAmbhIryaM bhAvavaibhavaM kalpanAkAmyatvaM ca durnivAram / ata: sAdhUcyate'gadyaM kavInAM nikaSaM vadanti / ' gadyakAvyabandhe daNDI subandhuzceti dvAvetau bANena samaM snaamgraahmullekhyau| paraM bANo gariSTho variSThazca trayANAm eteSAM bhUyiSThayA manobhAvAbhivyaktyA, sAdhiSThayA zailyA, mradiSThayA manoharatayA, zreSThayA sAdhutayA, preSThayA padapariSkRtyA ca / __ ataH soDDhalena "bANaH kavonAmiha cakravartI" ityuktam / dharmadAsena. taruNIlAvaNyamasya kRtau dRzyate / yathA 'rucira-svaravarNa-padA rasabhAvavatI jaganmano harati / sA ki taruNI ? nahi nahi vANI bANasya madhurazIlasya' // gaGgAdevyA sarasvatIvINAdhvanireva kRtiSvasya nizamyate / "vINApANiparAmaSTa-vINAnikvANahAriNIm / bhAvayanti kathaM vA'nye bhaTTabANasya bhaartiim"| jayadevo bANaM paJcabANena kAmenopamimIte / "hRdayavasatiH paJcabANastu bANaH" / zrIcandradevo'muM kavikuJjaragaNDabhedakaM siMhaM gaNayati / "AH sarvatragabhIradhIrakavitAvindhyATavIcAturI-saMcArI kavikumbhakumbhibhiduro bANastu paJcAnanaH" / bANocchiSTaM jagatsarvam-bANasya vastuvivRtau varNane cApUrvaM vaizArA vIkSya mantramugdhatvamanubhavanti manISiNaH / varNyasya vastuno'NutamAmapi vivRtiM na

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bANocchiSTaM jagatsarvam 133 vijahAti, na kiJcidujjhati parasmai yattena zakyaM varNayitum / varNanAnAM vyApitvAt, sarvAGgINatvAt, sUkSmatamavivaraNasamanvitatvAcca 'bANocchiSTaM jagatsarvam" iti bhUyo bhUyo vyAdizyate / etadevAtra samAsataH samusthApyate / ___ harSa-carite kavevarNana-cAturI bahuzo'valokyate / teSu mukhyata ullekhyAH prasaGgAH santi-mumUrSornRpasya prabhAkaravardhanasya varNanam, vaidhavya-duHkhaparihArAya satItvamAzrayantyA yazovatyA varNanam, siMhanAdasyopadezaH, divAkaramitrasya rAjyazrI- sAntvanam / kavergarimA kamanIyAM kAdambarImevAzrityA'vatiSThate ityatra nAsti vipratipattirviduSAm / yatra tatra sAGgopAGgaM varNanaM mahatA zrameNa bANenopasthApyate, te'tra prasaGgA nAmagrAhaM diGmAtraM prastUyante / tadyathAzUdrakavarNanam, cANDAlakanyAvarNanam, vindhyATavIvarNanam, pampAsarovarNanam, prabhAtavarNanam, zabarasenApativarNanam, hArItavarNanam, jAbAlyAzramavarNanam, jAbAlivarNanam, sandhyAvarNanam, ujjayinIvarNanam, tArApIDavarNanam, indrAyudhavarNanam, rAjabhavanavarNanam, acchodasarovaravarNanam, siddhAyatanavarNanam, mahAzvetAvarNanam, kAdambarIvarNanaM ca / vANI bANo babhUva ha--zrIgovardhanAcAryasya sUktiriyaM sudhiyAM modamAvahati yad vAgdevI sarasvatyeva prAgalbhyamadhikam avAptuM bANarUpeNa jani lebhe / uktaM ca jAtA zikhaNDinI prAg yathA zikhaNDI tathAvagacchAmi / prAgalbhyamadhikamavAptuM vANI bANo babhUva ha // bANasya kRtidvayaM samIkSyate cet tarhi vAgdevyA avatArasyeva bANasya kalAkauzalaM bhASAmAdhuryaM rasapravAhazca prApyate / varNaneSu pravAho manojJatvaM ca na kvacidapi nyUnatvamupaiti / tadyathA-vilAsavatyAH putrahInatAjanyaviSAdasya varNanam, candrApIDaM prekSya vilAsinInAM vilAsavarNanam, puNDarIkamavalokya mahAzvetAyAH premodrekavarNanam, candrApIDaM nirIkSya kAdambaryA manobhAvavarNanam, puNDarIkanidhane mahAzvetAyAH kapiJjalasya ca vilApavarNanaM bANasya sUkSmekSaNaM sahRdayatvaM sahAnubhUtipravaNatvaM ca paricAyayati / zukanAsopadeze kaveH pratibhAyAzcaramotkarSo lakSyate / tatra kaverlekhanI 'bhAvodre ke pravahamAneva pratIyate / zukanAsopadeze sAkSAt pratIyate yat-'vANI bANo babhUva h'| bANaH kavInAmiha cakravartI-bANasya kRtidvaye pratipadaM prauDhakavitvadarzanAt soDDhalena 'bANaH kavInAmiha cakravartI' iti samarthyate / bANasya varNaneSu bhAva-bhASayoH sAmaJjasyam, bhAvAnukUlabhASAprayogaH, alaMkArANAM susaMyato viniyogaH, bhASAyAm ArohAvarohI, dIrghatarasamastapadAvalIprayogasamanantarameva laghupadAvalIprayogo vizeSato'valokyate /

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134 saMskRtanibandhazatakam sarvatraiva varNane prAg viSayasya sAGgopAGganirUpaNam, tatazca samAsabahulaM varNanam, tatazca zleSamUlA utprekSA upamAzca, tatazca virodhAbhAsena parisaMkhyAlaMkAreNa vA samApanam / zleSamUlAsu upamAsu, virodhAbhAse, parisaMkhyAyAM ca pANDityapradarzanena kliSTatvaM durbodhatvaM ca parilakSyate / kvacid varNaneSu tathAvidho vistAro yathA kRte'pi prayAse kriyApadaprAptiH sUdurlabhA / mahAzvetAdarzane prayuktaM vAkyaM 67 paMkti-vistRtam / kAdambarIdarzane prayuktaM vAkyaM tu vistRtaM sat 72 paMktivizAlatAm abhajat / vizeSaNAnAM vizeSaNAni, tadanu teSAmapi vizeSaNAni gahanatvam AmAdayanti, yatra kriyApadaM viluptamiva pratibhAti / kathApravAhazca niruddha iva pratIyate / varNanAnyetAni sahRdayahRdayAvarjakAni, paraM kathApravAhanirodhaH kathAtvaM vyAhanti / bANastu paJcAnanaH--zrIcandradevo bANastutim AcakSANo bANasya vindhyATavIrUpa-saMskRtavAGmaye nirbhIkatvena, pratidvandvikavidarpadalanena, sarvaviSayAvagAhijJAnasaMpannatvena rasa-bhAva-bhASAlaMkAraprayogavaidagdhyena, arthagauravAnvitatvena, dhvanyAtmakatvena ca tasya paJcAnanatvaM siMhatvaM vA pratipAdayati zleSe kecana zabdagumphaviSaye kecid rase cApareDalaMkAre katicitsadarthaviSaye cAnye kathA-varNane / AH sarvatra gabhIradhIrakavitAvindhyATavIcAturI saMcArI kavi-kumbhikumbhabhiduro bANastu pnycaannH|| zrIcandradevo vindhyATavIvarNanamAzrityaiva tasya paJcAnanatvaM vyAharati / / vastutaH samagramapi tasya varNanaM bhAvagahanaM gahanamiva hRdayam avagAhate / yathA vindhyATavIvarNane samAsabhUyastvasya ojoguNasya virodhAbhAsasya ca saMmizraNam unmadamAtaGgakapolasthalagalitamadasalilasikteneva nirantaramelAlatA-vanena madagandhinAndhakAritA, pretAdhipanagarIva sadAsaMnihitamRtyubhoSaNA mahiSAdhiSThitA ca,...."karasattvApi munijanasevitA, puSpavatyapi pavitrA vindhyATavI naam| RSerjAbAlevarNane kalAyAH kalpanAyAzca hRdyaM sAmaJjasya dRzyate sthairyeNAcalAnAM gAmbhIryeNa sAgarANAM tejasA savituH, prazamena tuSArarazmenirmalatayA'mbaratalasya saMvibhAgamiva kurvANam,' zantanumiva priyasatyavratam ....: pazupatimiva bhasmapANDuromAzliSTazarIraM bhagavantaM jAbAlimapazyam / -acchodasarovaravarNane saraso'cchatvamiva bhASAyAH svacchatvamapi prekSyam- tasya tarukhaNDasya madhyamAge maNidarpaNamiva trailokyalakSmyAH , nirgamanamArgamiva sAgarANAm, nisyandamiva dizAm, aMzAvatAramiva gaganatalasya, kailAsamiva dravatAmApannam, candrAtapamiba rasatAmupetram-hATTahAsamiba jalIbhUtam,'

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bANocchiSTaM jagatsarvam 135 madanadhvajamiva makarAdhiSThitam . . atimanoharam acchodaM nAma saro dRSTavAn / hRdayavasatiH paJcabANastu bANaH-prasatra rAghavakAro jayadevo bANaM kavitAkAminI-manomandira-vAsinaM sAkSAt kAmadevameva manute / tasya kavitAkAminI sarvamanomohinI, sarvacittAkarSikA ca / ucyate ca harSo harSo hRdayavasatiH paJcabANastu bANaH / keSAM naiSA kathaya kavitA-kAminI kautukAya // bANo rasasiddhaH kavIzvaraH / zRGgAra raso'sya preSTho rsH| sa saMbhogavipralambha-pakSadvaya-varNane samarUpeNa dakSaH / saMbhogazRGgAravarNanApekSayA vipralambha varNane tasya lekhanI pravAhamadhurA pracAracaturA ca / mahAzvetA kAdambarI ca svapriyatamaM prekSya kathamiva vyAkulatAM bhajataH, kathaM premAGkarodayaH, kathaM vikAsaH pallavitatvaM puSpitatvaM ceti etasya manovaijJAnika vizleSaNaM tasya kavitamatvaM paJcabANatvaM ca sAdhayati / yathA-'anantaraM ca me'ntarmadanAvakAzamiva dAtumAhitasaMtAnA nirIyuH zvAsamArutaH / sAbhilASaM hRdayamAkhyAtumiva sphuritamukhamabhUt kucayugalam / svedslillvlekhaakssaalitevaagllljjaa"| kAdambarI __ mahAzvetAvarNane tasyAM yauvanapravezasya ekAvalImUlakaM varNanaM kathamiva manojJatAm udvahati 'krameNa ca kRtaM me vapuSi vasanta iva madhumAsena, madhumAsa iva navapallavana, navapallava iva kusumena, kusuma iva madhukareNa, madhukara iva madena, navayauvanena padam / kAdambarI harSacarite mAturyazovatyA harSa pratyuktiH bhAvabhASAprasAdAdiguNaiH sarvathA hRdayaM drAvayati- vatsa, nAsi na priyo nirguNo vA parityAgArho vaa| stanyenaiva saha tvayA pItaM me hRdym| kulakalatramasmi cAritradhanA dharmadhavale kule jaataa| vIrajA vIrajAyA vIrajananI ca mAdRzI parAkra makrItA kathamanyathA kuryAt / harSa0 ___kAdambarIrasajJAnAm AhAro'pi na rocate--'zabdArthayoH samo gumphaH pAJcAlI rItiriSyate' ( sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa ) / bANaH pAJcAlIrItemardhanyaH kaviH / atra bhAva-bhASayoH saamnyjsympekssyte| bhAvAnukalA bhASA, rasAnukUlA ca bhASA, evaM bhASAyA bhAvasya ca samanvayena kvacit samAsabahulA padAvalI, kvacit samAsarahitA prasAdamAdhuryaguNasamavetA sAlaMkRtA ca padapaGktiH / navo'rtho jAtiragrAmyA zleSo'kliSTaH sphuTo rsH|| vikaTAkSarabandhazca kRtsnamekatra durlabham // harSacarita 1-8 ityanena kaverabhISTaM nirdizyate yat sa svIye kAvye arthagauravaM rasaparipAkam ojoguNayutaM zabdasaMyojanaM cAkAGkSati / ataeva kvacid ojoguNaH,

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136 saMskRtanibandhazatakam kvacid rasAnukUlaM varNanam, kvacidarthagauravaM ca parilakSyate / bANasya varNanazailI tathA sumadhurA rasapradhAnA guNavatI yathA ekadA kAdambarI-paThane pravRtto mAnavaH svAhAramapi na rocte| kathAyAM tathautsukyaM vismayatvaM ca yathA pariNAmajijJAsurjano na pAThaM nirundhe / candra eva candrApIDa: zUdrakazca, puNDarIka eva vaizampAyanaH zukazca, lakSmI reva cANDAlakanyeti ko vizvasituM pArayati / etadadbhutatvameva kAdambaryA rocakatvaM vardhayati / kecana hRdyAH prasaGgA atropasthApyante / vasantartuvarNane komalakAntapadAvalyAH samanvayo lkssyH| . komalamalayamAratAvatArataraGgitAnaGgadhvajAMzukeSu........."madhukarakulakalaGkakAlIkRtakAleyakakusumakuDmaleSu madhumAsadivaseSu0 / kAdambarI sandhyAvarNane utprekSANAM mAdhuryaM yathA kvApi vihRtya divasAvasAne lohitatArakA tapovanadhenuriva kapilA parivartamAnA sandhyA munibhiradRzyata / aparAmbhasi patite dinakare....ambhaHsIkaranikaramiva tArAgaNam ambaram adhArayat / kAdambarI zukanAsopadeze virodhAbhAsamUlakaM lakSmIsvabhAvavarNanam / yathA___ unnatimAdadhAnApi nIcasvabhAvatAm AviSkaroti / amRtasahodarApi kaTukavipAkA / vigrahavatyapi apratyakSadarzanA / puruSottamaratA'pi khljnpriyaa| kAdambarI . zukanAsopadeze prasAdaguNopetA padAvalI / yathA-- na paricayaM rakSati / naabhijnmiiksste| na ruupmaalokyte| na kulakramamanuvartate / na zIlaM pazyati / na vaidagdhyaM gaNayati / na zrutamAkarNayati / kAda0 evaM sidhyati-bANocchiSTaM jagatsarvam /

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38. saMskRta-sAhitye gadyasya vikAsaH (gadya-kAvya-paramparA) gadyasya svarUpam-vizvanAthena sAhityadarpaNe kAvyaM dvidhA vibhajyatedRzyaM zravyaM ca / dRzye nATakAdikaM zravye kAvyAdikaM ca / zravyasyApi bhedadvayampadyakAvyaM gadyakAvyaM ceti / tatra gadyasya lakSaNa nirdizyate-vRttabandhojjhitaM gadyam ( sA0 da0 6-330 ), arthAd yatra padyaracanAyAH pratibandho na syAt tad gadyam / agnipurANe gadyalakSaNam ucyate-'apAdaH padasantAno gadyaM tadapi kthyte'| daNDinApi kAvyAdarza 'apAdaH padasantAno gadyam' ( kAvyAdarza 1-23) ityucyte| ___gadyakAvyasyotpattiH-gadyakAvyasyotpattiviSaye matatrayaM prastUyate / (1) gadyakAvyasyotpattiH padyakAvyebhyo lokakathAmAdhyamena samabhavat / (2) grIkagadyaracanAbhyo bhAratIyagadyakAvyodbhavaH / ( 3 ) padya-kAvya-samAnAntaram eva svAbhAvikakramikavikAsena gadyakAvyotpattiH / prathamamatasyAbhimatamidaM yat saMskRtagadyakAvyAni malataH saskRtapadyakAvyodbhUtAni / padyakAvyazailIm anusRtyaiva kRtrimatA, pANDityapradarzanam, rasAlaMkArAdi-prayogazca ttroplbhyte| dvitIyaM DaoN0 pITarsana ( Peterson )-prabhRtibhiH prastUyate yad bhAratIya-gadyakAvyAni grIkagadyakAvyAnusaraNamUlAni / pro0 silvAM levI ( Sylvan Levi ) matametat khaNDayati yad grIkagadyakAvye kathAsaMyojane balAdhAnam, bhAratIyagadyakAvyeSu tu rasAlaMkArANAM zailyAH prakRtivarNanAdInAM ca prAdhAnyaM lakSyate / evaM dvayormolikabhedena sarvathA vaiSamyamiti vijJAyate / pro0 lAkoTe ( Lacote ) tu grIkagadyakAvye bhAratIyagadyakAvyasya prabhAvaM sAdhayati / ataH sidhyati yat saMskRtagadyakAvyasya grIkagadyakAvyAd udbhavasya mataM niHsArameva / sUkSmadRSTyA vivicyate cet tRtIya mataM samIcInatamaM prtiiyte| padyakAvyadhArA-samAnAntarameva gadyakAvyadhArApi dRggocaratAmupayAti / na kevalaM laukikakAvye'pi tu vaidikavAGmaye'pi RgvedakAlikapadyasamakAlameva yajurvedIyam atharvavedIyaM ca gadyam upalabhyate / ataeva mahAbhASye (4-3-87 ) vAsavadattAsumanottarA-bhaimaratho-prabhRtInAm AkhyAnagranthAnAm ullekhaH prApyate / mahAkaverdaNDinaH pUrvamapi guNADhayakRtA bRhatkathA, zrIpAlitakRtA taraGgavatI, dhanapAlakRtA tilakamaJjarI, rudradAmno girinArazilAlekhaH, prayAgastambhe hariSeNakRtA samudraguptaprazastizceti gadyakAvyaparamparA gadyakAvyasya nairantaryam avicchinnatvaM ca pratipAdayati / ' 1. vistarazo vivecanAthaM draSTavyam-lekhakakRta-saM0 sA0 samIkSAtmaka itihAsa, pRSTha 454-456

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam gadyakAvyasya vikAsaH - gadyakAvyasya vikAse sarvaprathamaM vaidikagadyaM dRggocarIbhavati / 'zeSe yajuH zabda:' ( pUrvamImAMsA 2-1 - 37 ) ityatra padya - gItibhinnaM gadyaM yajuriti kathyate / vaidikagadyasya prAcInatamaM rUpaM zuklayajurvede, kRSNayajurvedasya taittirIya - kAThaka - - maitrAyaNI -saMhitAsu prApyate / atharvavede'pi pracuro gadyAMzo'valokyate / sarve'pi brAhmaNagranthAH prAyazo gadyAtmakA eva / tatrApi aitareya - taittirIya - zatapathabrAhmaNeSu gadyAMzasya bAhulyaM parilakSyate / 1 138 vedAGgasaMbaddhAH prAtizAkhyagranthAH, zrota- gRhya-dharma-zulveti catuvidhAH kalpagranthAH, niruktaM ca gadyAtmakasUtrapaddhatyA nibaddhAH santi / J purANAni yadyapi padyAMzabahulAni tathApi mahAbhArate, viSNupurANe, bhAgavatapurANe ca pracuro gadyAMza AsAdyate / bhAgavatAdiSu lalitapadabandhanam alaMkArAdisamanvitaM prauDham anavadyaM ca gadyaM prekSyate / vaidika-sUtragrantha paramparAyAmeva zAstrIyagadyamapi vikasitam / bhAratIya SaDdarzanaM sUtrAtmaka - gadyazailyAmeva vikAsamalabhata / pANinikRtA aSTAdhyAyI sUtrAtmaka gadyazailyA AdarzIbhUtA / zAstrIya bhASya paramparAyAM yAskapraNItaM niruktam, jayantabhaTTakRtA nyAyamaJjarI, zabarasvAmikRtaM mImAMsAbhASyam, zaGkarAcAryakRtaM brahmasUtra-zArIrakabhASyaM ca prathitatamA gadyagranthAH / pataJjalervyAkaraNa-mahAbhASyaM prasAdaguNAJcitazailyAH samAzrayeNa lokapriyatAyAM caramotkarSaM dhatte / kauTilIyam arthazAstramapi zAstrIyagadyanidarzanatvenAzrayaNIyam / pataJjale mahAbhASye sAhityika gadya-granthAnAmapyullekha upalabhyate / tatra AkhyAyikA - granthatrayaM tenollikhyate - 1. vAsavadattA, 2. sumanottarA, 3. bhaimarathI / tatazca guNADhya ( 78 I0 ) - kRtA bRhatkathA bahucarcitA, gadyakAvyopajIvyatvena cAGgIkriyate / AcAryadaNDinaH pUrvavartinaH kecana gadyagranthAH prApyante / tatreme prAdhAnyenollekhamarhanti-AndhrabhRtyanRpANAM saMrakSaNe praNItAni gadyakAvyAni vartante - zrIpAlitakRtA taraGgavato, ajJAtakavikRtA manovatI zAtakarNIharaNaM ca / dhanapAlena tilakamaJjaryAm abhinandena rAmacarite ca zrIpAlitakRtA taraGgavatI prazasyate / jalhaNakRta-sUktimuktAvalyAM kulazekharavarma-kRtA AzcaryamaJjarI zIlAbhaTTArikAyAzca pAJcAlIrItyAM vilikhitA gadya-kRtizca nirdizyete / bANena harSacaritabhUmikAyAM bhaTTAraharicandrasya gadyakAvyaM prazasyate / 'bhaTTAraharicandrasya gadyabandho nRpAyate' ( harSa 0 bhU0 zloka 12 ) / kecana zilAlekhAdayo'pi prApyante / mahAkSatrapasya rudradAmnaH ( 150 I0 )

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saMskRta-sAhitye gadyasya vikAsaH 139. girinAra - zilAlekhe samAsAlaMkArapracuraM gadyaM prApyate / tatra rudradAmA 'sphuTa -- laghu-madhura-citra kAnta zabdasamayodArAlaMkRta-gadya-padya lekhana-nipuNaH' udIryate / prayAgastambhe hariSeNa ( 350 I0 ) - kRtA samudragupta - prazastiH 35 paMktiparimite ekasminneva gadyavAkye samApyate / yathA-- 'tasya vividhasamarazatAvataraNadakSasya svabhujabalaparAkramaikabandhoH mahArAjAdhirAja zrIsamudraguptasya sarvapRthvIvijayajanitodayavyAptanikhilAvanitalAM kIrtim itastridazapatibhavanagamanAvAptalalitasukhavicaraNAmAcakSANa iva bhuvo bAhurayamucchritaH stambhaH / ' hariSeNakRtaM ruciraM gadyaM bANasya samAsabahulAyA gadyazailyAH pUrvarUpam avagantavyam / daNDI - tatazca gadyakAvyasya svarNayugaH prArabhate / sarvaprathamaM daNDino dazakumAracaritam subandhorvAsavadattA, bANasya harSacaritaM kAdambarI ceti gadyakAvyasya ratnAni samupalabhyante / daNDi - subandhu- bANabhaTTA gadyakavInAM bRhattrayIrUpeNAbhinandyante / saMskRta - gadyakAvyasya pariSkRtaM prAJjalaM vizadaM ca rUpaM daNDino dazakumAracaritAd dRSTipatham upayAti / daNDino gadyaM sarasvatyA vilAsamaNidarpaNarUpeNa madhurAvijaya mahAkAvya racayitryA gaGgAdevyA stUyate-- AcAryadaNDino bAcAmAcAntAmRtasaMpadAm / vikAso vedhasaH patnyA vilAsamaNidarpaNam // gaMgAdevI subandhuH--subandhu-kRta-vAsavadattAyAm alaMkRtA zleSabahulA zailI dRggocaratAmAyAti / 'ojaH samAsabhUyastvametad gadyasya jIvitam' iti sarvAtmarUpeNa subandhau upalabhyate / kaviH svakAvya prazaMsAyAmullikhati - pratyakSa ra zleSamaya -- prabandhavinyAsa vaidagdhyanidhirnibandham ( vAsava0 bhU0 13 ) bANabhaTTaH-- mahAkaverbANabhaTTasya gadyakAvyaratnadvayam AsAdyate - harSacaritaM kAdambarI ca / tatraharSacarite 'ojaH samAsabhUyastvam 0 ' ityanusRtya dIrghasamAsayuktA padAvalI pANDitya pradarzanaM ca pratipadaM nirIkSyate / kAdambarI sarasa-madhura- padAvalI-saMgatA, rucirabhAvAbhiramyA, sarasA sAlaMkRtiH taruNIva vidagdhamanomohinI gadyakAvyasarvasvabhUtA ca / kAdambaryAM bANaH svapANDityaprakarSaM sahRdayahRdayAhlAdajananarUpeNa viniyuGkte | sitAmadhuraM vyaJjanamiva sarvathA sarvatazca madhurAtmikaiva kAdambarI / ataevocyate - ' kAdambarIrasajJAnAm AhAro'pi na rocate' / paravartigadyakAvyeSu dhanapAlasya tilakamaJjarI, ambikAdattavyAsasya zivarAjavijayaH, vizvezvarapANDeyasya mandAramaJjarI, hRSIkezabhaTTAcAryasya prabandhamaJjarI - nAmako nibandhasaMgrahaH, paNDitA kSamArAvakRtA kathAmuktAvalI, rAma-zaraNa tripAThikRtA kaumudIkathAkallolinI ca vizeSarUpeNollekha marhanti /

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39. nATakotpattiviSayakA vAdAH ( nATyotpatti-samIkSA) nATyotpattistu vedebhya indrdhvjmhaagrnniiH| parvANi rAsalIlAdyAH vikaasaanggsvruupinnH|| ( kapilasya ) nATakAnAm utpattiH'-bhAratIyanATakAnAm utpattiviSaye vividhA vAdA bhAratIyaiH pAzcAttyaizca vidvadbhiH prastUyante / etasmin viSaye sarvaprathama bhAratIyA paramparA vivecanam arhati / bhAratIya-paramparA-bhAratIya-nATyazAstrasyotpattiviSaye mahAmuninA bharatena svIya-nATyazAstre ullikhyate yad devAnAM prArthanAm urarIkRtya brahmA caturvedAGgasaMbhavaM sarvavarNarucikaraM paJcamaM vedaM nATyazAstraM nATyavedaM vA praNinAya / sa vedacatuSTayAd nATyazAstropayuktaM tattvacatuSTayaM jagrAha / RgvedAt pAThyama, sAmavedAd gItam, yajurvedAd abhinayam, atharvavedAcca rasatattvam / evaM paJcamo vedo'yaM nATyavedaH sarvavarNamanoraJjakatvena prAdurabhavat / uktaM ca nATyazAstre tasmAt sRjAparaM vedaM paJcamaM sArvavaNikam // nA0 zA0 1-12 evaM saMkalpya bhagavAn sarvavedAnanusmaran / nATyavedaM tatazcakra caturvedAGgasaMbhavam // nA0 1-16 jagrAha pAThyamRgvedAt sAmabhyo gItameva ca / yajurvedAdabhinayAn rasAnAtharvaNAdapi // nA0 1-17 RksaMvAda-sUktavAdaH-vAdasyaitasya pravartakAH prAyazaH pAzcAttyA 'vipazcita eva / tatra makhyAH santi-pro0 maiksamUlara ( Max Muller ), pro0 silvAM levI ( Sylvan Levi ), pro0 phaoNna zroedara ( von Schroeder , DA0 harTala ( Hertel )- prabhRtayaH / eSAM mataM bhAratIyaparamparayA pracuraM sAmyaM dhatte / etanmatAnusAraM saMskRtanATakAnAm utpattiH RgvedIyasaMvAdasUktebhyaH samajani / Rgvede kAnicit saMvAdasUktAni upalabhyante / teSAma abhinayAtmikA vyAkhyApi prastotuM zakyA / yathA-indra-marut-saMvAdaH, vizvAmitra-nadI-saMvAda:, yama-yamI-saMvAdaH, purUravA-urvazI-saMvAdazceti / pro0 olDenabarga ( Oldenberg ), vinDiza (Windisch ), pizela ( Pischel ) - prabhRtInAM matametad yat sUktAnyetAni nATakIyatattvopetAni samabhUvan / vIrapUjAvAdo mRtAtmazrAddhavAdo vA-pro0 rijave ( Ridgeway ) nATakotpatti vIrapUjAvAdena mRtAtmazrAddhavAdena vA manute / vizvasya sarvAsu 1. vizada-vivecanArtha draSTavyam-lekhakakRta-saMskRta sAhitya kA samIkSAtmaka itihAsa pRSTha 265-269 /

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nATakotpattiviSayakA vAdAH 141 saMskRtiSu mRtAtmanAM smRtau zraddhApradarzanam avalokyate / yUnAnadeze duHkhAntanATakAnAM vikAso mRtAtmazraddhApaddhatyAH saMjAtaH, tadvad bhArate'pi vIrapuruSebhyaH zraddhApradarzanaprakriyayA nATyotpatti: sNjaataa| etanmataM na bhAratIyairna ca pAzcAttyairvidvadbhiH svIkriyate / etanmatAnusAraM yUnAnadezodbhavAnAM duHkhAntAnAM nATakAnAm utpattivarNayituM zakyA, paraM bhAratIyasukhAntanATakAnAM janma etanmatAnusAraM na zakyaM na ca grAhyam / __ parvavAdaH--pAzcAttyavidbhirmatametat prastUyate yad yUropadeze me-pola ( : 'ay pole )-nAmakaM parva sAbhinayam Ayojyate / tadvat indradhvajamahotsavo'pi abhinayapradhAno'bhUt / parastAdapi parvasu abhinayAdInAm AyojanaM saMlakSyate / etAdRzebhya Ayojanebhyo naattkotpttirvgntvyaa| etanmatamapi na vidvadbhirAdriyate / tatra nAbhinayAdInAM prAdhAnyam, api. tu svaharSodbhAvana-puraHsaraM nRtyAdikaM tatrAyojyata / rAsalIlAvAdaH--kaizcidetanmatamapi prastUyate yat kRSNasya rAsalIlA, kRSNopAsanA-saMbaddhA vividhA rAsalIlAzca nATakAnAM mUlatvenAvagantavyAH / etanmatamapi mUlarUpeNAsvIkAryam / yadyevaM svIkriyate tahi ziva-viSNarAmAdi-saMbaddhAni nATakAni na vyAkhyAtuM zakyAni / vaizikAbhinayavAdaH ( svAMgavAdaH)--pro0 hilabrAMDa ( Hillebrandt ), pro0 sTena kono ( Sten konoN )- prabhRtInAM matametad yad lokapriyavaizikAbhinayebhyaH 'svA~ga'-nAmakebhyo'bhinayebhyo nATakAnAm utpattiH / vaizikAbhinayA eva rAmAyaNa-mahAbhAratAdikathAsaMbaddhA nATakAnAM mUlarUpAH / etanmatamapi na vidvadabhimatam / vaizikAbhinayAH pariSkRtanATakAnAmeva vikRtarUpAH / ete cAsabhyaiH ardhasabhyaizca janaiH prayujyante / puttalikAnatyavAdaH-zarmaNyadezIyo vidvAn DA0 pizela ( Pischel )mahodayaH puttalikAnRtyameva nATakasya mUlarUpaM manute / purA puttalikAnatyaM pracalitatamam abhavat / saMskRtanATakeSu prayuktau sUtradhAra-sthApaka-zabdo etadeva abhivyaktaH / atra sUtragrahaNaM sthApanaM ceti matametat poSayataH / / etanmatamapi na sahRdayahRdyam / pulikAnRtyamapi pariSkRtanATakAnAmeva vikRtaM rUpam, azikSitajanaprayuktaM ca / etAdRzena sAmAnyanRtyena rasabhAvavibhUSitAnAM bhAratIyanATakAnAm utpattiriti niSpramANam agrAhyaM caitat / chAyAnATakavAdaH--pro0 lyUDarsa ( Luders ), pro0 sTena kono ( Sten kono's ) ca samarthayete yad chAyAnATakebhyaH ( Shado wplays ) nATakAnAm udbhavaH / etanmatamapi apuSTapramANamUlatvAd nirAdhAratvAcca na vidvajjana

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142 saMskRtanibandhazatakam svIkAryam / prAcInatame kAle chAyAnATakAnAM sthitirna zrUyate na ca grnthessuuplbhyte| yUnAnadezIya-prabhAvavAda:--pro0 vebara (weber ), pro0 vinDiza ( Windisch )- mahodayau matametat samarthayete yad bhAratIyanATakAnAM janma yUnAnadezIyaprabhAvamUlakameva / 'yavanikA' zabdazca mUlametasya / etanmatamapi na nirdoSam / DA0 kItha ( Keith ) mahodayaH svIye 'saMskRta nATaka'-granthe viSaye'smin prabhUta-vivecanAnantaraM niSkarSa prastauti yad bhAratIyanATakeSu yUnAnadezIya-prabhAvAvasthApanaM sarvathA asaMgatam asamIcInaM ca / viSaye'smin adhovinyastam avadheyam - (1) yavanikA' zabdam Azritya bhrama essH| 'yavanikA'-zabdo yavanadezAgata-vastranirmitAvaraNaM dyotayati / etanmUlako yavanadeza-prabhAvo nirAdhAraH / (2) saMskRtanATakAnAM vibhAjanaM kAryavizleSaNamUlakama, na tu tattathA yavanadezIyanATakeSu / (3) bhAratIyanATakAni sukhAntAni, na tU duHkhAntAni / yUnAnadezIyanATakAni prAyazo duHkhAntAni / (4) saMskRtanATakeSu kAla-samaya-kriyArUpasya anvititrayasya saMkalanatrayasya vA ( uuity of time, place and action ) sarvathA abhaavH| yanAnadezIyanATakeSu anvititrayam anivAryarUpeNa pryujyte| (5.) AvaraNArthako 'yavanikA'-zabdo vastuto 'javanikA'-zabdaH / jakArAdirayaM na tu yakArAdiH / ( 6 ) pAtrasaMkhyAdRSTyApi dvayormahad vaiSamyam / (7) bhAratIyanATakeSu aGgarakSikArUpeNa 'yavanInAm' upyogH| atastanmUlako yavanadezaprabhAvo'saMgataH / (8) raGgamaJcadRSTyApi dvayornATayazAlAnirmANe mahadantaram / vinDizamahodayastu svIkurute yat prekSAgRhanirmANadRSTyA dvayostulanA'pi na saMbhAvyate / niSkarSaH-nATakotpattiviSayaka-vividhavAdAnAM vivecanena pratIyate yad nATyazAstre bharatamuninA yannirdizyate tat samIcInatamam / bharato nATyavedaM caturvedAGgasaMbhavaM manute / vedacatuSTayyAM pAThyasya saMgItasya abhinayasya rasAnAM copalabdhirbhavati / nATakasya mUlatvena etadeva tattvacatuSTayaM gaNyate / RgvedIya-saMvAdasUktAni prAktanA abhinayAtmakAH pryogaaH| etAdRzAH prayogA na kevalaM yajJasaMbaddhA eva, apitu dhArmikakriyA-kalApAGgabhUtAH / dhArmikA abhinayA lokapriyatAhetoH parvotsavAdInAmapi aGgabhUtAH / etasmAt kAraNAdeva purA indradhvajamahotsavAdiSu parastAcca rAmalIlA-kRSNalIlA-rAsalIlAdiSu dhArmikAbhinayAnAM pryogH| evaM parvavAdo rAsalIlAvAdazca saMskRta-nATyavikAsa-prakriyAyA aGgatvena vijnyeyau||

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40. apAre kAvyasaMsAre kavireva prajApatiH ( 1. bhAratI kaverjayati, 2. idameva tatkavitvaM yad vAcaH sarvato dikkAH, 3. giraH kavInAM jIvanti na kathAmAtramAzritAH). kavitvaM jIvanaM jyotirdarzanaM pratibhAtmakam / / boddhRkartRtvazaktitvaM jJAnasAragrahaikadRk // ( kapilasya ) kiM nAma kavitvam--kaviH kraantdrshii| yatra yatra krAntadarzitvaM ttatra tatra kavitvam / krAntarzitvAd vyApakajJAnavattvakAraNAdeva yajurveda IzopaniSadi cezvaraH kaviriti stUyate / 'kavirmanISI paribhUH' ( yaju0 40-8 ) / muNDakopaniSadi satyadarzinaH tattvArthavidazca kavaya iti nigadyante / / tadetat satyaM mantreSu karmANi kavayo yAnyapazyan / tAni bahudhA santatAni // (muNDaka0 1-2-1) atra 'RSayo mantradraSTAraH' ityarthamAzritya RSayaH kavaya ityucyante / taistattvadarzibhiH mantreSu yAni karmANi dRSTAni, tAnyeva vedatrayyAM saMnihitAni / evaM saMlakSyate yat tattvArthadarzitvam RSitvaM kavitvaM ca parasparasaMbaddhameva / yatra divyam alaukikaM pratibhAmUlakaM kalpanAjanyaM vA jJAnaM saMlakSyate, tatra kavitvaM sviikriyte| ataeva zrIbhaTTatotena kavilakSaNaM nidizyate yat-tattvadarzanAd RSiH / RSireva kavipadam alaMkatu prabhavati / yaH tattvadarzane kSamaH, divyajJAnapariSkRtazca sa eva kaviH / kavizabdaH 'kavR varNe' dhAtoH sidhyati / yaH tathyavarNane, vastuvarNane, tattvArthacitraNe ca prabhavati sa kaviH / ataevAdikavelmiIke: tattvArthadarzitve'pi na kavitvapadalAbhaH, paraM yadaiva tasya vAgunmeSaH samabhavat, yadaiva ca kAruNyapUrNA bhAvAvaliH zabdazarIram Azritya taraGgitA taraGgiNIva tarasA nirjagAma, vacobhaGgImadhurA varNanahRdyA ca udveleva bhAva-bhAgIrathI prasRtA, tadaiva sa Adikavipadam alaMcakAra / uktaM ca bhaTTatotena nAnRSiH kavirityuktam RSizca kila darzanAt / vicitrabhAvadharmAza-tattvaprakhyA ca darzanam // sa tattvadarzanAdeva zAstreSa prathitaH kviH| darzanAd varNanAccAtha rUDhA loke kavizrutiH // / tathAhi darzane svacche nitye'pyaadikvermuneH| noditA kavitA loke yAvajjAtA na vrnnnaa|| idameva tatkavitvaM yad vAcaH sarvatodikkA:-kavitvaM hi kevalaM vastuvarNanenaiva na sAphalyam aznute / kaveH karma gUDhataraM kliSTataraM ca / kaviH lokasya mArgapradarzakaH, AcAryaH, zikSakaH, nItitattvopadeSTA, vyavahArajJAnazikSakazca /

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144 saMskRtanibandhazatakam ataeva kavI vividhaviSayaniSNAtatvasya, agAdhajJAnasya, sahRdayatvasya, manovaijJAnikatvasya, antardRSTezca smnvyo'pekssyte| viviviSayAvagAhijJAnenaiva sa jIvanasya sarvAGgINaM vivecanaM vizleSaNaM ca prastotuM prabhavati / sarvAGgINena vyApakena ca vivecanena kaveH kvitvpdlaabhH| bhAmahena kAvyAlaMkAre kaveH karma nirdizatA procyate yat-sarvAH kalAH, sarvA vidyAH kAvyasyAGgabhUtAH / tatra bAhyarUpasya alaMkArAdirUpa-kalApakSAzrayaNena, antarAtmarUpasya kAvyAtmatattvasya rasabhAvAdivivecanena saMpuSTiH saMjAyate / ato bhAmahaH kavermahato bhArasyollekhaM kurvannAha na sa zabdo na tada vAcyaM na sA vidyA na sA klaa| jAyate yanna kAvyAGgama, aho bhAro mahAn kaveH // emarsana ( Emerson ) - mahAdayo'pi kavervANI stanayitnurUpeNa vidhAnarUpeNa ca svIkaroti / Poet's speech i: thunder, his thought is lan, his words are universally intelligible is the plants and animals. -Emerso.1. zelI ( Shelley )- mahodayaH kaveH karma AcArazikSakatvena samAjapathapradarzakatvena cAGgIkaroti Poets are not only authors of language and music, but they are the institutors of laws and founders of civil society and inventors of the art of life and the teachers who dray into a certain propinquity with the Beautiful and the True. -Shelley. giraH kavInAM jIvanti0-kaveH karma kAvyam, ityAzritya na kevalaM vastuvarNanena, kathAnakasya padyAtmarUpapradAnena, itikartavyatA sidhyati / tatra kimapi maulikaM tattvam, maulikaM darzanam, maulika cintanaM vA'pekSyate, tadaiva kAvya-gauravam / darzanAd Rte na RSitvaM na ca kavitvam / uktaM ca'nAnaSiH kavirityuktama, RSizca kila drshnaat'| jIvanasya tAttvika vivecanam, vizleSaNam, gambhIraM manovaijJAnikaM cAdhyayanaM kAvye'nivAryam / etAdRza-guNasampanna eva kavimUrdhanyatvaM bhjte| kaoNlarija ( coleridge )mahodayo'pi prakRSTadArzanikadRSTimantareNa na kavitvamurIkaroti / No man was ever yet a great poet without being at the same time a profound philosopher.--Coleridge. bhAratI kaverjayati-kaverbhAratI jagattrayalocanabhUtA lokopakAriNI ca, ataeva sA prazasyate / sA ghore nizIthe jJAnajyotivalayati, ajJAnAndha

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145 apAre kAvyasaMsAre kavireva prajApatiH tamasaM dhvaMsayati, manovyathAm apaharati, zokAnalaM zamayati, duHkhasantApaM ca damayate / ato rasasiddhAnAM kavInAM yazaHkAye jarAmaraNajaM bhayaM na lakSyate / jayanti te sukRtino rasasiddhAH kviishvraaH| nAsti yeSAM yazaHkAye jarAmaraNajaM bhayam // kavitvaM na sukaraM karma / pUrvapuNyAjita-saMskAravazAt pratibhAsaMpannatvam, tadaiva kavitvam, kavitve ca zaktimattvam / ataevAgnipurANe samarthyate naratvaM durlabhaM loke vidyA tatra sudurlbhaa| kavitvaM durlabhaM tatra zaktistatra sudurlabhA // agnipurANa 337-4 etasmAt kAraNAdeva sAhityasaMgItakalAvihInasya sAkSAt pazutvam abhidhIyate sAhityasaMgItakalAvihInaH sAkSAt pazuH pucchvissaannhiinH| tRNaM na khAdannapi jIvamAnastad bhAgadheyaM paramaM pazUnAm // apAre kAvyasaMsAre0-apAre kAvya-jagati kavireva prajApatiH / sa yathaiva vastutattvaM prastotum Ihate, tathA prastotuM prabhavati / ataeva mammaTena kAvyaprakAze vidhAtuH sRSTerapi kavisRSTemahattvaM pratipAdyate yat kaverbhAratI sarvathA svatantrA, AnandasvarUpA, vidhiniyamairanigaDitA, navarasarucirA ceti / niyatikRtaniyamarahitAM hlAdaikamayImananyaparatantrAm / navarasarucirA nimitimAdadhatI bhAratI kaverjayati // kAvya0 1-1 sarvaprathamam agnipurANe ( a0 339 ) procyate-'apAre kAvyasaMsAre kavireva prajApatiH / yathA vai rocate vizvaM tathaitat parivartate // ' etasyaivAbhiprAyam AdAya dhvanyAloke AnandavardhanenApyucyate yat kaviH svecchayA yad vastu yathA nidhitsati, tathaiva nidadhAti / zRGgArI kaviH sarvaM varNanaM rasamayaM vidhatte, nIrasazca nIrasam / sa cetanam acetanavad, acetanaM cetanavacca varNayituM prabhavati / 'kartum akartum anyathAkartuM ca yaH prabhavati sa prabhuH' iti lakSaNoktadizA kaveH prabhutve na saMzotilezo'pi / uktaM ca dhvanyAloke apAre kAvyasaMsAre kavirekaH prjaaptiH| yathAsmai rocate vizvaM tathedaM parivartate // zRGgArI cet kaviH kAvye jAtaM rasamayaM jagat / sa eva vItarAgazcennIrasaM sarvameva tat // bhAvAnacetanAnapi cetanavaccetanAnacetanavat / vyavahArayati yatheSTaM sukaviH kAvye svatantratayA // dhvanyA0, udyota 3 kaveH svAtantryam udvIkSyaiva 'niraGkuzAH kavayaH' iti bhaNyate / na kevalaM cetanAcetanayodharmaparivartane eva kaviH prabhavati, api tu sa mAnavaM devam, devaM 10

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam ca dAnavaM kartu kssmte| mahAkavervAlmIke: prabhAveNaiva zrIrAmacandro jagadvandyatAmavApa, laGkezvaro rAvaNazca dAnavatvam / ato na kavayo jAtu kopanIyAH / te sarvatrApacitibhAjaH / uktaM ca bilhaNena laDApateH saMkucitaM yazo yad yatkotipAtraM rghuraajputrH| sa sarva evAdikaveH prabhAvo na kopanIyAH kavayaH kssitiindraiH|| vikramAMka0 sarasAH sahRdayA eva kaveH kavitvaM kAvyazramaM ca zlAghayituM kSamAH / arasikeSu kavitvanivedanaM moghameva / ucyate ca kuNThatvamAyAti guNaH kavInAM sAhityavidyAzramajiteSu / kuryAdanArdaiSu kimaGganAnAM kezeSu kRssnnaagurudhpvaasH|| vikramAMka0 arasikeSu kavitvanivedanaM zirasi mA likha mA likha mA likha // .

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41. kavikulaguruH kAlidAso vilAsaH ( ka. ka iha raghukAre na ramate, kha. meghe mAghe gataM vayaH) vilAsinIlAsamanobhirAmA, rAmArpitazrIH zritasaukumAryA / sAlaMkRtirvAgvanitA vibhAti, zrIkAlidAsasya klaaklaapaiH|| (kapilasya) kAlidAsasya kavitvam-kavikulaguroH kAlidAsasya viSaye prasannarAghave (1-22) jayadevabhaNitireSA / kavitAkAminIkAntaH kAlidAso na kevalaM saMskRtavAGmayasya, api tu vizvavAGmayasya, mukuttaalNkaarH| tasya sUkSmakSikA bAhyajagato'ntarjagatazca tattvajAtaM sAkSAtkurvantI sarasapadAvalyAm anusyatAM vidhatte / tasya kalAtmikA tUlikA nIrase'pi sarasatAm, karkaze'pi komalatAm, kaThore'pi sukumAratAm, durbodhe'pi subodhatAm ApAdayati / tasya kalAtmikA ruciH pratipadaM sNlkssyte| bhASAyAm asAdhAraNo'dhikArastasya kAvyaM dhvanyAtmakaM vidhatte / bhAvAnAm agAdhatA vividhatA ca kAvyAkAze aindradhanuSIm AbhAM saMcArayati / tasya bhASArUpA kAlindI, bhAvarUpA bhAgIrathI, sAlaMkRtapadAvalIrUpA sarasvatI ca saMgamasya mahanIyaM vaibhavam upasthApayati / ___ tasya zailyAM bhASAsauSThavam, manojJA bhAvAbhivyaktiH, alaMkArANAM sahajo vinyAsaH, bAhyAbhyantaraprakRtezcArucitraNam, rasAnAM madhuraH paripAkaH, jIvanadarzanasya rucirA sthApanA, vividhavidyAnidhAnatvam, manobhAvAnAM mArmikI anubhUtizca manojJaM maNi-kAJcana-saMyogam upasthApayati / prakRtyA saha tAdAtmyAnubhUtistasya kAvyagauravaM samedhayati / tasya zailyAM kvacid upamAnAM lAlityam, kvacid arthAntaranyAsasya gAmbhIryam, kvacid utprekSANAM gaganacumbitvam, kvacit prAJjalapadAvalI-saukumAryam, kvacit prasAdaH,kvacid mAdhuryam, kvacit kalAprAdhAnyam, kvacicca kalpanAbhirAmatvaM darIdRzyate / tathyanirUpaNapravaNA hArdikabhAvojjvalA kavitA-kAminI-svarUpanirUpaNaparA kAlidAsa-kRtiH kavitAkAminyA vilAsatvena gnnyte| kAlidAsaH svakRtibhiH sarvasyApi jagato vandyatAm Apanno nirvivAdaM sa 'kavikulaguruH' iti sAdaram udghossyte| kAlidAsasya kAvyeSu kavitAvanitAyA naisargika saundaryam, akRtrimA suSamA, manoramaM cArutvaM ca pratipadaM saMlakSyate / vividharasaparipAkaH, prAdhAnyena zRGgArarasaparipAkaH, kasya na kRtino bhAvatatim udbodhayati AvirbhAvayati ca / prekSyaM tAvat zakuntalAyA apUrvam alaukikam anAghrAtam anAviddhaM ca ramyatvam / anAnAtaM puSpaM kisalayamalUnaM kararuhai ranAviddhaM ralaM madhu navamanAsvAditarasam /

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148 saMskRta nibandhazatakam akhaNDaM puNyAnAM phalamiva ca tadrUpamanaghaM na jAne bhoktAraM kamiha samupasthAsyati vidhiH // zAku0 2-10 nirgatAsu na vA kasya0 - - - kAlidAsaprazasti viracayatA bANena satyamidam ucyate yat --'nirgatAsu na vA kasya, kAlidAsasya sUktiSu / prItirmadhurasAndrAsu maJjarISviva jAyate' ( harSa0 zloka 16 ), kAlidAsasya sUktayo madhurAH sarasA maJjaryaM iva sacetasAM cetAMsi haranti / sa yaM kamapi viSayam Azrayate tatraiva camatkRtiM ramyatvaM ca sAdhayati / sUryodayasya candrAstamayasya ca varNanaM kasya vipazcito na mano mohayati / kAlacakraM sukhaduHkhaparivartanena jagad niyamayati / yAtyekato'stazikharaM patiroSadhInA tejodvayasya yugapad vyasanodayAbhyAM mAviSkRto'ruNapuraHsara ekato'rkaH / loko niyamyata ivAtmadazAntareSu // zAku0 4-2 duSyanta-vihInA zakuntalA vidhuparihINA kumudinIva saMtaptacittA / nahi kAminI iSTajanaviyogaM soDhum ISTe / antarhite zazini saiva kumudvatI me dRSTi na nandayati saMsmaraNIyazobhA / iSTapravAsajanitAnyabalAjanasya duHkhAni nUnamatimAtrasuduHsahAni // zAku0 4-3 ka iha raghukAre na ramate -- kAlidAsasya nATyakauzalaM yathA zAkuntale saMlakSsyate, tathaiva tasya kavitvaparipAko raghuvaMzamahAkAvye nirIkSyate / raghuvaMzaM hi kAlidAsasya mRdvIkArasamadhurA, sarasA, sAlaMkRtiH, rasabhAvasamujjvalA, upamAprayogabhAsvarA sUryavaMzaja - nRpa - guNAnuvAda-dyutimatI sahRdayahRdyA kRtiH / raghuvaMzamevAzritya 'kaviH kAlidAsaH' iti bhaNyate / udayasundarIkathAkAraH soDDhalo raghuvaMzamAzritya tasya amaratvaM vizvavizrutatvaM ca pratipAdayati / khyAtaH kRtI so'pi ca kAlidAsaH zuddhA sudhA svAdumatI ca yasya / vANImiSAccaNDamarIcigotra - sindhoH paraM pAramavApa kIrtiH // soDDhalaH raghuvaMze dIpazikhAvarNanena sa dIpazikhAtvam avApa / indumatI dIpazikheva yaM yaM nRpam ujjhitavatI sa sa bhUmipAlo viSaNNavadanatvaM lebhe / saMcAriNI dIpazikheva rAtrau yaM yaM vyatIyAya pativarA sA / narendramArgATTa iva prapede, vivarNabhAvaM sa sa bhUmipAlaH // raghu0 6-67

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kavikulaguruH kAlidAso vilAsaH raghuvaMze indumatInidhana-viSaNNasya rAjJo'jasya varNanaM samasyApi sacetasaH karuNAdravatvaM saMcArayati / tadyathA vilalApa sa bASpagadgadaM sahajAmapyapahAya dhIratAm / abhitaptamayo'pi mArdavaM bhajate kaiva kathA shriirissu|| raghu0 8-43 lagiyaM yadi jIvitApahA hRdaye kiM nihitA na hanti mAm / viSamapyamRtaM kvacid bhavedamRtaM vA viSamIzvarecchayA // raghu08-46 sItA-zoka-sahAnubhUtiparAH pazupakSiNo'pi bhakSyAdityAgena svasamavedanAM prakaTayanti / nRtyaM mayUrAH kusumAni bhRGgA darbhAnupAttAn vijhurhrinnyH| tasyAH prapanne samaduHkhabhAva-matyantamAsId ruditaM vane'pi // raghu0 14-69 kAlidAsasya bhASA bhAvAnusAriNI rasAnukUlA ca / varNyaviSayAnurUpA tasya pdaavlii| kvacit zabdadhvaninA bhAvadhvaniH abhivyajyate / padamAdhurya saMgItAtmakatvaM layAtmakatvaM ca pade pade'valokyate / zRGgArarasavarNane bhASAsauSThavaM padalAlityam anuprAsAdyalaMkArAlaMkRtatvaM ca prekssyte| suvadanAvadanAsavasaMbhRtastadanuvAdiguNaH kusumodgmH| madhukarairakaronmadhulolupai-rbakulamAkulamAyatapaGktibhiH // raghu0 9-30 meghe mAghe gata vayaH-kAlidAsakRta-meghadUtasya mAghakRtazizupAlavadhasya ca manojJatvaM bhAvamadhuratvaM varNanavezadyaM zRGgArarasaparipAkaM cAvalokya sarasahRdayo bhAvukazca kavistatraiva ramate / ataevocyate-'meghe mAghe gataM vyH| ___meghadUte bhAvAnAM garimA, vicArANAM mahimA, kalpanAyAH kamanIyatA, cetaso vizadatA, bhASAyAH prAJjalatA, anubhUti-saMvedanazIlatvam, padAvalyA madhurimA, vipralambhazRGgArasya sAttvikatA saghanatA ca, alaMkArANAm aindradhanuSI prabhA, mandAkrAntAvRttasya mantharagatiH, navaparidhAnAyA navavadhvA lAvaNyamiva prastauti / sahRdayahRdyatAhetoH meghadUtaM nirvivAdaM lokapriyam / vaidarbhI rItiratra / ataevAtra lalitapadavinyAsasya, komalabhAvasya, sarasapadAvalyAH, prasAdaguNasya ca samanvayaH prApyate / nirvindhyAyA nadyA varNanaM kathamiva meghasya preyasIrUpeNopasthApyate / vIcikSobhastanitavihaga-zreNikAJcIguNAyAH saMsarpantyAH skhalitasubhagaM darzitAvartanAbhaH / nivindhyAyAH pathi bhava rasAbhyantaraH saMnipatya strINAmAdyaM praNayavacanaM vibhramo hi priyeSu // megha0 1-29 yakSazcitrApitAyAH priyAyAH pAdapadmayorAtmAnaM samarpayitukAmaH, param azrudhArA tatrApi pratyavAyarUpeNa upatiSThate /

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150 saMskRtanibandhazatakam tvAmAlikhya praNayakupitAM dhAturAgaH zilAyAmAtmAnaM te caraNapatitaM yAvadicchAmi kartum / anaistAvanmuharupacitairhaSTirAlupyate me krUrastasminnapi na sahate saMgamaM nau kRtAntaH // megha0 2-47 priyAviyoga - viSaNNo yakSaH cetanAcetanayormadhye bhedam agaNayan meghameva dUtarUpeNa priyAsamIpaM prahiNoti / 'dhUmajyotiH - salilamarutAM saMnipAtaH kva megha:0' ( megha0 1-5 ) evaM saMlakSyate yat kAlidAsa : kavitAkAminyA vilAsarUpa eva /

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42. bhAsanATakacakram (1. bhAso hAsaH, 2. sUtradhArakRtArambhaiH "bhAso devakulairiva / ) ... bhAso hAsaH sarasvatyA naattkairmRtopmaiH|| nATyavAGmayavyomenduH shaastrjyotirvibhaasvrH| ( kapilasya ) . bhAsasya nATyakRtitvam-mahAkaverbhAsasya kRtitvena trayodaza nATakaratnAni samupalabhyante / 'bhAsanATakacakre'pi chekaiH kSipte parIkSitum / svapnavAsavadattasya dAhako'bhUnna pAvakaH / ' iti rAjazekharabhaNitim Azritya 'bhAsanATakacakram iti tatkRtanATakAnAM nAma vyavahriyate / nATakatrayodazasya paricayaH samAsato'tra prastUyate / (1) pratijJAyaugandharAyaNam-aGkacatuSTayamatra / udayanasya vAsavadattayA saha praNayaH pariNayazceha vaya'te / (2) svapnavAsavadattam-aGkaSaTkamatra / vAsavadattA'gnidAhena dagdheti pravAdaM pracArya yaugandharAyaNaprayatnAt padmAvatyA sahodayanasyopayamo'pahRtarAjyAvAptizca varNyate / ( 3) UrubhaGgamnATakametad ekaangki| pAJcAlI-paribhava-pratikriyAeM bhImena gadAyuddhe duryodhanorubhaJjanaM vastu varNyate / ( 4 ) dUtavAkyam-ekAGki nATakam / mahAbhAratAhavAt prAk pANDavAthaM duryodhanasaMsadi zrIkRSNasya dUtatvena gamanaM prayatnavaiphalyaM cAtra varNyate / (5) paJcarAtram-aGkatrayamatra / yajJAnte droNo dakSiNAsvarUpaM pANDavebhyo rAjyAdhaM yayAce duryodhanam / paJcarAtrAbhyantare pANDavAnAm udanta upalabhyate ced rAjyAdhaM dAsyate mayeti duryodhanoktiH / paJcarAtrAbhyantare pANDavAnAM prAptiH, duryodhanakRtarAjyArdhapradAnaM c| (6) bAlacaritam-aGkapaJcakamatra / bAlasya zrIkRSNasya janmana Arabhya kaMsavadhAntaM caritamiha varNyate / (7) dUtaghaTotkacam-ekAGki naattkmdH| abhimanyunidhanAntaraM zrIkRSNapreraNayA dautyamAzritya ghaTotkacasya dhRtarASTrAntikaM gamanam / duryodhana-kRtastasyAvamAnaH / duryodhanoktizca-'prativaco dAsyAmi te sAyakaiH' iti / (8) karNabhAram-nATakamidam ekaangki| brAhmaNaveSadhAriNe zakrAya karNasya kavacakuNDalArpaNam / (9) madhyamavyAyogaH-nATakamidam ekaangki| madhyamapANDavo bhImo madhyamanAmAnaM brAhmaNasUnum ekaM ghaTotkacAt trAyate / apatyadarzanena bhImasyAnandAvAptiH patnyA hiDimbayA ca samAgamaH / (10) prtimaanaattkm-angksptkmih| rAmavanavAsAd Arabhya rAvaNavadhAntA kathA'tra varNitA / dazarathapratimAM prekSya bharataH piturnidhanam avagacchati / (11) abhisseknaattkm-angkssttkmtr| kiSkindhAkANDAd Arabhya yuddhakANDAntA rAmakathA'tra vrnnitaa| rAvaNavadhAnantaraM rAmasya raajye'bhissekH| (12) avimaarkm-angkssttkmtr| rAjakumArasya avimArakasya rAjJaH kuntibhojasya duhitrA kuraGgyA saha praNayapariNayo'tra vrnnitH| (13) cArudattam-aGka

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152 saMskRtanibandhazatakam catuSTayamiha / vitIrNavipulavittena udAracittena cArudattena saha vasantasenAnAma-vArAGganAyAH praNayopayamo'tra varNitaH / 13 nATakAnAM praNetA bhAsaH-nATakAnAmeteSAM praNetA bhAsa eva, anyoveti vividhA pratipattiviSaye'smin / antaHsAkSyAdinA vijJAyate yad bhAsa evaiteSAM nATakAnAM praNetA / eka evaiteSAM praNetetyapi antaHsAkSyAdinA'vagamyate / tadyathA-(1) sarvANi nATakAni sUtradhArapravezAd Arabhante / (2) nATakabhUmikAthaM prastAvanAzabdasthAne 'sthaapnaa'-shbdpryogH| (3) nATakeSu prarocanAbhAvaH, arthAt nATakakRtaH paricayAbhAvaH sthApanAyAm (4) nATakapaJcake svapnavAsavadattAdau mudrAlaMkAraprayogaH, arthAt prathame zloke pramukhanATakIyapAtrANAM nAmollekhaH / (5) bharatavAkyaM prAyazaH sarvatra samAnameva-'rAjasiMhaH prazAstu naH' / (6) bhUmikA saMkSiptatamA / tatra saMvAdArambhe'pi prAyaH sAmyameva / (7) pAtranAmasAmyamapi / yathA-kAJcukIyo bAdarAyaNaH / (8) apracalitavRttAnAM prayogo yathA-suvadanA-daNDakAdayaH / (9) bahuSu nATakeSu patAkAsthAnakaprayogaH / (10) nATakeSu sarveSu bhASAsAmyaM rItisAmyaM ca / (11) apANinIyaprayogAH sarveSu nATakeSu / (12) anyonyasaMbaddhAni nATakAni / yathA-svapna0 pratijJAyaugandharAyaNasyottarabhAga eva / - bANo harSacarite 'sUtradhArakRtArambhaiH' iti bhAsanATakavaiziSTayam AcaSTe / tacca srvtraavaapyte| rAjazekharo'bhidhatte-'bhAsanATakacakre'pi chekaiH kSipte parIkSitum / svapnavAsavadattasya dAhako'bhUnna pAvakaH / ' etasmAd bhAsakRtanATakabahutvasya svapnavAsavadattasya ca tatkRtitvenAvagatirbhavati / bhojadevo rAmacandraguNacandrau ca svapnavAsavadattaM bhAsakRtim Amananti / ato bhAsa evaiteSAM praNetetyavagamyate / bhAsasya janikAla: 450 I0 pUrvAdanantaraM 370 I0 pUrvAt prAk ca svIkriyate / bhAsasya nATyakalA-sAmpratakAlaM yAvad upalabdhaM saMskRtavAGamayaM parIkSyate ced bhAsa eva nATakakRtAmagraNIriti zakyaM vaktum / nATakAnAM bAhulyena, viSayavaividhyena, abhinayopayogitvena ca tasya nATayanaipuNyaM nATakanirmitI vaizArA cAvadhAryate / nATakeSu tasya pramukhA vizeSatAH santi-bhASAyAM saralatA, akRtrimA zailI, varNaneSu yathArthatA, caritracitraNe vaiyaktikatvam, ghaTanAsaMyojane sauSThavam, kathAprasaGgasyAvicchinnazca pravAhaH / sarvANyeva nATakAni abhinayopayogInIti tasya mahanIyatAm abhivardhayanti / tasya nATakeSu maulikatA kalpanAvaicitryaM ca vizeSata upalabhyete / sa eva ekAGkinATakAnAM janmadAtA / asya nATakapaJcakam ekaangki| patAkAsthAnakamapi madhuraM prayukta / . bhAso'nekeSu nATakeSu prathamazloke mudrAlaMkAraM prayukte / tatra pramukha

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bhAsanATakacakram 153 nATakIyapAtrANAmapi zleSAzrayeNa nAmAni nirdizyante / yathA-pratimAnATake nAndopAThe rAma-sItA-lakSmaNa-bharata-sugrIvAdInAM zleSeNa smaaveshH| sItAbhavaH pAtu sumantratuSTaH, sugrIvarAmaH sahalakSmaNazca / yo rAvaNAryapratimazca devyA vibhISaNAtmA bharato'nusargam ||prtimaa0 1-1 kvacid nATakIyapAtrANAM saMvAdo'pi padyabandhena bhavati / zlokasyaikaH pAda ekena prayujyate, aparazca pareNa / bhAsaH caritracitraNe'tipaTuH, tasya pAtreSu svIyaM vaiziSTayam AlakSyate / tasya nATakeSu saMvAdAH saMkSiptAH prabhAvotpAdakAzca / so'nAvazyakaM vistAraM parijahAti / bhAsasya zailI-bhAsasya zailyAM mAdhuryojaHprasAdAnAM trayANAm api guNAnAM samAhAraH samIkSyate / tasya bhASA saralA, subodhA, sarasA, naisargikI, sapravAhA c| upamA-rUpaka-utprekSA-arthAntaranyAsAlaMkArANAM prayogo vizeSato'vApyate tasya kRtiSu / anuprAsAdikaM vizeSataH priyaM tasya / yathA-'hA vatsa rAma jagatAM nayanAbhirAma' (pratimA0 2-4) / rAmAyaNa-mahAbhAratAdi-prabhAvitA tasya shailii| ataeva tasya bhASAyAM kRtrimatAyAH kliSTatAyAH kliSTakalpanAyAH samAsAdhikyasya cAbhAvaH saMlakSyate, saralatAyAH sarasatAyAzca samanvayo nirIkSyate / bhAso mAnavIya-manovRttInAM varNane AdarzaH / tasya manovaijJAnika vivecanam atIva manojJam / yathA duHkhaM tyaktu baddhamUlo'nurAgaH, smRtvA smRtvA yAti duHkhaM navatvam / yAtrA tveSA yad vimucyeha bASpaM, prAptAnRNyA yAti buddhiHprasAdam // svapna0 4-6 bhAso bhAratIyabhAvAnAM kviH| tasya nATakeSu bhAratIyabhAvAnAM samIcInaH samanvayaH prApyate / yathA-pitRbhaktiH, pAtivratyam, bhrAtRprema, kSamAzIlatA, tyAgAdikaM ca / pAtivratyaM varNyate yathA anucarati zazAGka rAhudoSe'pi tArA, patati ca vanavRkSe yAti bhUmi latA c| tyajati na ca kareNuH paGkalagnaM gajendra vrajatu caratu dharma bhartRnAthA hi nAryaH // pratimA0 1-25 bhAsasya nATakAnAM lokapriyatAyAH kAraNaM vartate-sarasatA, saralatA, ramyatA ca / sa rasAnukUlAmeva bhASAM prayuGkte / rasabhAvAnukUlaM zailyAM parivartanamapi prApyate / yathA zRGgAre prasAdo mAdhuryaM ca, vIrarase ojogunnH| yathA jaTAyuSe kruddhasya rAvaNasyokti:-'madbhujAkRSTanistriza-kRttapakSakSatacyutai0' (pratimA0 5-22) 1. vistRtavivecanArthaM draSTavyam-lekhakasaMpAdita-pratimAnATakasya bhUmikA, pR0 19-26 / H

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154 saMskRtanibandhazatakam bhAso vistAramanAdRtya samAsaM sAdhIyAn manute / yathA-'kamapyarthaM ciraM dhyAtvA.... 'anuktvaiva vanaM gtaaH|' (pratimA0 2-17 ) / tathA. bhAvAn citrayati yathA te mUrtavad upatiSThante / yathA saMdhyAvarNanam-'khagA vAsopetAH salilamavagADho munijana:0' (svapna0 1-16) / rAjyAbhiSekavarNanam-chatraM savyajanaM sanandipaTahaM bhadrAsanaM kalpitaM0 (pratimA0 1-3 ) / bhAsasya vyaGagyaprayogo'sAdhAraNo mArmikazca / kaikeyI vane vyAghrI syAt / vane vyAghrI ca kaikeyI0 ( pratimA0 2-8 ) / vyAkaraNAdivaidagdhyamapi pradarzayati ythaavsrm| yathA-svarapadaparihINAM havyadhArAmivAham0 (pratimA0 5-7) / vividharasavarNane, chandaHprayoge, arthAntaranyAsaprayoge ca prabhUtaM dAkSiNyam upalabhyate tasya / evaM nATakapathapravartakeSu bhAsaH sarvAgraNIriti sukaraM vaktum /

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43. bhAratIyAnAM bhASA-vijJAne yogadAnam jJAnavijJAnasaMzliSTaM vizvabhASAvibhUtimat / * dhvani-vAkya-pada-jJAnaM bhASAvijJAnamiSyate // ( kapilasya ) bhASAvijJAnam-yadyapi bhASAvijJAnasya bhASAzAstrasya ca vartamAnaM rUpam Adhunikameva / vidyArUpeNa upavidyArUpeNa vA nAsya vijJAnasya purA nAmollekhaH prApyate / tathApi bhAratavarSe vaidikakAlAd Arabhya bhASA-viSayakaM cintanaM vivecanaM vizleSaNaM copalabhyate / etadevAtra samAsataH prastUyate / ' __ vedAH-vedA vizvavAGmayasya prAcInatamA nidhisvarUpA granthAH / tatra bhASAvijJAnasaMbaddhA nirvacanAdayaH prApyante / tadyathA-vRtrahan-zabdAdInAM nirvacanaM vyutpattizca vedeSu vRtraM hanati vRtrahA0 ( yaju0 33-96), amAvasyA mAmA vasanti sukRtaH (atharva0 7-79-2), avIvarata vo hi kam tasmAd vArnAma0 (a0 3-13-3), udAniSurmahIriti tasmAdudakamucyate ( udaka = ud+an ) ( a0 3-13-4 ) yajurvede sarvaprathamaM vizleSaNArthe vyA+kR dhAtoH prayoga upalabhyate / dRSTvA rUpe vyAkarot satyAnRte prajApatiH / yaju0 19-77 'catvAri zRGgA trayo asya pAdA0' ( Rg0 4-58-3 ) ityatra zabdasya nAmAkhyAtAdicaturvidharUpeNa vivecanaM dRzyate / 'catvAri vAk parimitA padAni0' ( Rg0 1-164-45 ) ityatra vAcaH parA-pazyantI-madhyamA-vaikharIti caturbhedena vivecanaM prApyate / vedeSu mantrANAM sasvarasya zuddhapAThasya ca kiyanmahattvam AsId ityetat pataJjalivacanena jJAyate mantro hInaH svarato varNato vA mithyAprayukto na tmrthmaah| sa vAgvajro yajamAnaM hinasti yathendrazatruH svarato'parAdhAt // mahA0 A0 1 svaravaiSamyAdeva 'indrazatrurvardhasva' iti vRtrapurohitAnAM prayogo vRtranAzAya smjni| vedAGgAni-vedAnAM SaDaGgeSu zikSA vyAkaraNaM niruktaM chandazceti bhASAsaMbaddhAni vedAGgAni / zikSAgranthA vastuto dhvanivijJAnasyaiva mUlarUpAH santi / vyAkaraNaM vaidikaM vyAkaraNaM prAtizAkhyaM ca prakRtipratyaya-vibhAjanadvArA bhASAzAstrIya vizleSaNaM dyotayataH / niruktaM nirvacanapradhAnatvAt saMjJAzabdAnAM nirukti vyAcaSTe / kathamiva saMjJAzabdAnAM prAdurbhAva ityapi nirdizyate / chandaHzAstraM padAnAM layAtmakaM pAThaM prastauti / evaM zikSA-vyAkaraNa-nirukta-chandaHzAstrANi bhASAvijJAnasya prAcInatamaM rUpaM prastuvanti / viSaye'smin maikaDAnalakathanam avadheyam 'The Taittiriya Aranyaka ( VII-I ) already mentions shiksha, or Phonetics, a subject which even then appears to have dealt 1. vistRtavivecanArtha draSTavyam-lekhakakRta-'saMskRtavyAkaraNam', pRSTha 10-44 /

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156 saMskRtanibandhazatakam with letters, accents, quantity, pronunciation and euphonic rules.' "The treatises really representative of Vedic phonetics are the Pratishakhyas.' ( H.S.L. by Macdonell. pp. 223-224) / brAhmaNagranthA AraNyakagranthAzva-brAhmaNagrantheSu indra-varuNa-vRtrAdizabdAnAM nirvacanaM tadarthavivecanaM ca praapyte| aitareyabrAhmaNe vAk saptadhA vibhajyate / ( saptadhA vai vAgavadat, ai0 brA0 7-7) sapta vibhaktaya iti bhaTTabhAskaraH / gopathabrAhmaNe oMkArazabde dhAtu-pratyaya-upasarga-nipAta-vibhaktyAdibhASAzAstrIyazabdAnAM prayogaH sarvaprathamam upalabhyate oMkAraM pRcchAmaH, ko dhAtuH, ki prAtipAdikaM, ki nAmAkhyAtaM, ki liGga, kiM vacanaM, kA vibhaktiH, kaH pratyayaH, kaH svara upasargo nipAtaH, ki vai vyAkaraNaM..."ki sthAnanAdAnapradAnAnukaraNam ( gopatha0 pU0 1-24) Even the Brahm anas bear evidence of linguistic investigations for they mention various grammatical terms, such as 'letter' ( varNa ), 'Masculine' ( vRSan ), number ( vacana), case-form ( vibhakti) ( Macdonell-HSL. p. 225) pANinipUrvajA vaiyAkaraNAH (ka) pANinipUrvajAnAM 85 vaiyAkaraNAnAM nAmAni upalabhyante / tatra pANineraSTAdhyAyyAM 10 vaiyAkaraNAnAM nAmAni prApyante / tad yathA-ApizalikAzyapa-gArya-bhAradvAja-zAkaTAyana-sphoTAyana-prabhRtayaH / (kha ) prAcInagrantheSu 15 vaiyAkaraNAnAM nAmAnyullikhyante / tadyathAziva ( mahezvara )-bRhaspati-indra-kAzakRtsna-vyADi-prabhRtayaH / / (ga) 10 praatishaakhygrnthaaH| zaunakakRtam RkaprAtizAkhyAdikam / (gha ) sapta anye vaidikavyAkaraNagranthAH / tdythaa-Rktntr-saamtntrakssrtntr-prbhRtyH| (Ga) prAtizAkhyAdiSu uddhRtAH 59 vaiyaakrnnaaH| tadyathA-agnivezma-Agastya Atreya-pauSkarasAdi-prabhRtayaH / ___ aSTaprabhedaM navaprabhedaM ca vyAkaraNam--purA aSTaprabhedaM vyAkaraNaM pracalitam AsIt / ataeva niruktavRttau durgAcAryeNa kathyate-vyAkaraNam aSTaprabhedam ( durga, niruktavRtti, pR074 ) / tadyathA brAhmamaizAnamaindraM ca prAjApatyaM bRhaspatim / tvASTramApizalaM ceti pANinIyamathASTamam // vAlmIkirAmAyaNe zrItattvavidhigranthe ca vyAkaraNaM navaprabhedaM zrUyate / so'yaM navavyAkaraNArthavettA ( vA0 rA0, uttara0 36-47)

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bhAratIyAnAM bhASA vijJAne yogadAnam aindraM cAndra N kAzakRtsnaM kaumAraM zAkaTAyanam / sArasvataM cApizalaM zAkalyaM pANinIyakam // zrItattvavidhi eteSu vyAkaraNeSu aindraM vyAkaraNaM pramukham AsIt / tibbatIya- nusAram aindra-vyAkaraNaM 25 sahasrazlokaparimitam AsIt / etad vyAkaraNaM pANinIyavyAkaraNataH paJcaviMzatiguNam adhikaM vijJAyate / indra eva sarvaprathamaM prakRti-pratyaya-vizleSaNasya pravartakaH / tathA cocyate taittirIyasaMhitAyAm - -granthA 157 vAgvai parAcyavyAkRtAvadat / te devA indramabruvan, imAM no vAcaM vyAkuviti / tAmindro madhyato'vakramya vyAkarot / taitti0 6-4-7 elana mahodayasya kathanamatra svArasyaM bhajate / Our phonetic categories and terminology owe more than is perhaps generally realized to the influence of Sanskrit phoneticians'.- Phonetics in Ancient India, W. S. Allen, p. 3 pANiniH pANinireva vizvasya sarvotkRSTo vaiyAkaraNaH / tatkRtASTAdhyAyyAM sUtrasaMkhyA 3997 vartate / tatra bhASAzAstra saMbaddhAH sarve'pi viSayA: samAsataH prApyante / dhvanInAM sthAnaprayatnavivecanaM dhvanivijJAnadRSTyA'timahattvapUrNam / tatra padajAtaM ' suptiGantaM padam ' ( aSTA0 1-4 -14 ) subanta - tiGantabhedena dvidhA vibhajyate / etacca vibhAjanaM bhASAvijJAnadRSTyA'tIva vaijJAnikam upayogi ca / pANinireva sarvaprathamaM vAkyasya mahattvaM svIkurute / pANini-paravartino vaiyAkaraNAH - pANini - paravartiSu vaiyAkaraNeSu vArtikakAraH kAtyAyanaH, mahAbhASyakAraH pataJjalizca vizeSata ullekha marhataH / pANinikAtyAyana- pataJjalayo 'munitrayam' ityAkhyayA vaiyAkaraNaiH stUyante / 'yathottaraM munInAM prAmANyam' iti ca nirdezo vaiyAkaraNAnAM vaijJAnikadRSTitvaM samarthayate / - tatparavartiSu vaiyAkaraNeSu kAzikA - vRtti-kArI vAmana jayAdityo vAkyapadIyakAro bhartRhariH, nyAsakAro jinendrabuddhiH, padamaJjarIkAro haradattamizraH, mahAbhASyasya pradIpaTIkAkAraH kaiyaTaH, mahAbhASyasya udyota TIkAkAra: paribhASenduzekhara-maJjUSA- laghuzabdenduzekhara- sphoTavAdAdInAM praNetA nAgezabhaTTaH, siddhAntakaumudIkAraH zabdakaustubha prauDhamanoramAgranthakRd bhaTTojidIkSitaH, laghusiddhAntakaumudI-madhyasiddhAntakaumudIkAro varadarAjo vizeSato'tra ullekhamarhanti / sarveSveteSu grantheSu pataJjale mahAbhASyaM bhartRharervAkyapadIyaM ca vyAkaraNaratnasvarUpe staH / vAkyapadIye vyAkaraNadarzanam, pada-padArtha- vAkya vAkyArthasphoTasiddhAntA yathA vizadIkriyante, na tathAnyatra / ' 1. vivaraNArthaM draSTavyam - lekhakakRto grantha : - 'arthavijJAna aura vyAkaraNadarzana' /

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158 saMskRtanibandhazatakam anye vaiyAkaraNAH -pUrvoktAtiriktamapi kecana vaiyAkaraNA ullekhanIyAH santi / rUpamAlA granthakRd vimalasarasvatI, prakriyAkaumudIkAro rAmacandraH, vAkyapadIyaTIkAkArA vRSabhadeva-puNyarAjahelArAjAH, sphoTasiddhi-kAro maNDanamizraH, vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa-kAra: kauNDabhaTTaH, bhaTTikAvya-kAro bhaTTiH, aSTAdhyAyIbhASya-kAro mhrssirdyaanndsrsvtii| pANinIyavyAkaraNetarazAkhAH-pANinibhinna-zAkhAsu mukhyatvena ullekhyAH zAkhAH santi-cAndrazAkhA, jainendrazAkhA, zAkaTAyana-zAkhA, hemacandrazAkhA, kAtantrazAkhA, sArasvatazAkhA, bopadevazAkhA ca / kaccAyana ( kAtyAyana )-kRte kaccAyanavyAkaraNe pAlibhASAvyAkaraNam, vararuci-kRte prAkRtaprakAze prAkRtabhASAvyAkaraNam, hemacandra-kRte zabdAnuzAsane ( siddhahaime vA ) saMskRta-prAkRtaapabhraMza-bhASANAM vyAkaraNaM prApyate / ___vyAkaraNetarazAstrANi-vyAkaraNetaragrantheSvapi bhASAzAstrIyam adhyayanam upalabhyate / kAvyazAstrIyagrantheSu zabdazakteH dhvanezca vivecanaM prApyate / tatrollekhyA granthAH santi-bharatamuni-kRtaM nATyazAstram, daNDi-kRtaH kAvyAdarzaH, AnandavardhanakRto dhvanyAlokaH, abhinavaguptakRtaM dhvanyAlokalocanam, bhojarAjakRtaM sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNam, mammaTakRtaH kAvyaprakAzaH, vizvanAthakRtaH sAhityadarpaNaH, jagannAthakRto rasagaGgAdharazca / dArzanikagrantheSvapi zabdazaktaH sphoTasiddhAntasya arthavijJAnasya ca vivecanaM samAsAdyate / tatra prAdhAnyenollekhyA granthAH santi-jagadIzabhaTTakRtA zabdazaktiprakAzikA, gadAdharabhaTTakRtI vyutpattivAda-zaktivAda-granthI, jayantabhaTTakRtA nyAyamaJjarI, prabhAcandrasUrikRtaH prameyakamalamArtaNDaH, kumArilabhaTTakRtaM mImAMsAzlokavArtikaM ca / AdhunikasaMskRtajJAnAM yogadAnam-yadyapi bhASAvijJAnasya AdhunikarUpeNAdhyayanaM pAzcAttyavidvatsAhAyyamUlakameva, tathApi keSAMcid bhAratIyAnAmatra vizeSato yogadAnaM prApyate / tatra mukhyatvena ullekhyA vidvAMsaH santi-DaoN. rAmakRSNa gopAla bhaNDArakara:-Wilson : Philological Lectures; DaoN0 siddhezvara varmA Phonetic Observations of Ancient Indian Grammarians; DaoN0 sunItikumAra caTarjI Origin and Development of Bengali Language; startITETET Elements of the Science of Language; DaoN0 pI0 DI0 guNe An Introduction to Comparative Philology; DaoN0 maMgaladevazAstrI-tulanAtmakabhASAvijJAnam, DaoN. bAbUrAma saksenA-sAmAnya-bhASAvijJAnam, DaoN. kapiladeva dvivedI-artha-vijJAna aura vyAkaraNadarzana, DaoN0 bholAnAtha tivaarii-bhaassaavijnyaanm| anye'pi bahavo vidvAMso vividhabhASANAM bhASAzAstrIye'dhyayane pravRttAH saMlakSyante /

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44. bhASotpattiviSayakA vAdAH bhASAvijJAne bhASotpattiviSayakA vividhA vAdAH prastUyante / tatra nava vAdAH prAdhAnyaM labhante / teSAM samAsato'tra vivaraNaM prstuuyte| 1. divyotpattivAdaH ( Divine Theory )-bhASotpattiviSaye prAcInatamo'yaM vAdaH / tadanusAraM yathaivezvareNa vedajJAnaM pradattaM tathaiva vaidikI bhASA saMskRtabhASA'pi Izvarapradattaiva / daivI-preraNayA mAnavo bhASaNe pravRttaH / mAnavajAti-janmanA sahaiva bhASA'pi prAdurabhUt / ataeva Rgvede procyatedevIM vAcamajanayanta devAstAM vizvarUpAH pazavo vadanti / Rga0 8-100-11 aiuN-ityAdi-caturdazapratyAhArasUtrANAM prAdurbhAvaH zivasya DhakkAnAdena manyate / 'nRttAvasAne naTarAjarAjo nanAda DhakkAM navapaJcavAram' iti / parametanmataM na viduSAM rucikaram / ( ka ) yadi bhASA IzvarapradattA syAt tarhi kathaM loke vividhabhASotpattiH syAt / jIva-jantu-bhASAdivat tad-viparyayo na lakSyeta / ( kha ) IzvarasRSTA bhASA prAgeva pUrNavikAsasaMpannA syAt, tatra vikAsakramo na lakSyeta / kintu parastAcca bhASAsu vikAsakramaH saMlakSyate / samIkSaNam-etanmatakhaNDanam ApAtataH samIcInamiva pratIyate / parantu vicAradRzA vivicyate cet sphuTametad avagamyate yad bhASA saMskRtabhASA vA devapradattA IzvarapradattA bhavenna vA bhavet, bhASotpattiH sphUTa-sthAna-prayatnAdikaraNa-janyA, iti tu nizcapracam / mAnavaH kathaM bhASaNe pravartate ? iti vicAre 'AtmA buddhayA sametyArthAn mano yuGkte vivakSayA / manaH kAyAgnimAhanti sa prerayati mArutam / mArutastUrasi caran mandraM janayati svaram / ' (pA0 zikSA 6, 7) ityatra na kasyApi bhASAvido viprtipttiH| ajJAnAM samavAyena, hikkAdiraveNa, manobhAvAbhivyaJjakAdizabdaizca bhASotpattiH sutarAM durlabhA / etacca parastAd vyAkhyAsyate / ___divyotpattivAde etat pAramArthikaM tathyaM yat saMsRtau mAnava eva pariSkRtadhvaniyantrayuktaH pratibhopetazca / 'pratibhA' IzvarapradattA, IzvarasvarUpA vA / pratibhayaiva jJAnaM vijJAnaM ca prastUyate / pratibhaiva bhASaNazaktipradAnena samaM bhASApradAne'pi samarthA / (2) saMketa-siddhAntaH ( Agreement Theory )-eSa eva vAdaH sAMketika utpattivAdaH, nirNayasiddhAnta ityapyucyate / etanmatAnusAraM hastAdisaMketAnAm apUrNatvam aparyAptatvaM codvIkSya mAnavaiH saMbhUya prati-vastvartha dhvanisaMketA nirdhAritAH / tathA ca bhASAyA utpattiH /

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160 saMskRtanibandhazatakam samIkSaNam :-etanmatamapi na vicArasaham / (ka ) bhASAyA abhAve kathaM vicAravinimayaH ? ( kha ) vicAravinimayasya kA bhASA ? (ga ) kaH kathaM ca saMketazabda-racanAm akarot ? bhASAyA abhAve'pi ced vicAravinimayaH saMpAdyeta, tarhi kA bhASAyA AvazyakatA ? (gha ) bhAmahenocyate-'iyanta IdRzA varNA IdRgAbhidhAyinaH / vyavahArAya lokasya prAgitthaM samayaH kRtaH / ( kAvyAlaMkAra 6-13) / bhASAyA abhAve kathameSa samayaH saMbhavati ? evaM matametad niHsArameva / (3) raNanasiddhAntaH ! Ding-dong Theory )-matamidaM dhAtusiddhAnta ( Root Theory )-nAmnApi nirdizyate / sarvaprathamaM matamidaM pleTo ( Plato )-mahodayena saMketitam / pro0 hesa ( Heyse )-mahodayena etad vyavasthitarUpeNa pratipAditam / maiksamUlara ( Max Muller )-mahodayena samarthitametanmatam, paraM parastAt tenaiva nirarthakamidamiti parityaktam / raNanasiddhAntAnusAraM zabdArthayoH rahasyAtmako naisargikaH saMbandhaH / sarvasmin vastuni svIyo viziSTo dhvaniH / samIkSaNama--zabdArthayo.sargikasaMbandhasya kalpanA rahasyAtmikaiva / vizvasya bahubhASAsu dhAtUnAm abhAvo vijJAyate / tatra dhAtusiddhAntasya kA gatirbhaviSyati ? ghaNTAnAde raNanavad vastudarzane na kApi nityabhAvAnubhUtiH / (4) manobhAvAbhivyaMjakatAvAda : ( Interject.onal Theory,PoohPooh Theory )-etanmatAnusAraM mAnavo bhAvapradhAnaH / sukha-duHkha-vismayaghRNAdikAle bhAvAvezena sahasaiva kiMcid uccArayati / tato bhASotpattiH / yathA dhik, aaH| samIkSaNam--etanmatamapi na samIcInam / ( ka ) vibhinnabhASAsu manobhAvAbhivyaMjaka-zabdAnAm ekarUpatvaM na lakSyate ? ( kha ) etAdRzAnAM zabdAnAM saMkhyA nyuuntmaa| ete zabdAzca na bhASAyAH pradhAnAGgabhUtAH / etasmin mate sukaram etad vaktuM yad uccAraNa-prakriyAprArambhArtham eSa siddhAntaH kiNcidupyogii| (5) zrama-dhvani-siddhAnta : ( Yo-he-ho Theory)-eSa eva siddhAntaH zramApahAramUlakatAvAdo'pi kathyate / nvAyara ( Noire )-mahodayaH siddhAntasyAsya janakaH / zramakAle zvAsaprazvAsa-vegAt svaratantrIkampanena tadanurUpa-dhvanyuccAraNaM jAyate / zramikAH zramakAle zramaparihArArtha keSAMcit zabdAnAM prayogaM kurvanti / yathA-ho-ho, he, hU~, chiyo, hiyo-prabhRtayaH zabdAH / kriyayA sahajasaMgato dhvanistakriyAbodhaka iti teSAM matam / samIkSA-matametad nikRSTatamam / naite zabdA bhASAyAM kiMcidapi sthAnaM

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bhASotpattiviSayakA vAdAH gRhNanti / na caiteSAM dhvanInAM ko'pi viziSTo'rthaH / atra bhAvapakSasya arthapakSasya ca zUnyatvamevAvalokyate / (7) anukaraNamalakatAvAdaH-( Onomotopoeic Theory, Bowwo v Theory )-eSa vAdo dhvanyAtmakAnukaraNasiddhAntaH, zabdAnukaraNavAdaH, zabdAnukaraNamUlakatAvAdaH, zvadhvanivAdo vA kathyate / etanmatAnusAraM dhvanyanukaraNamAzritya katipayA nAmadheyazabdAH pravartante / yathA-kA~va-kAMva-dhvanimAzritya kaakshbdH| evameva kokila-dardura-khaTakhaTa-paTapaTa-ghara-prabhRtayaH zabdA vrtnte| samIkSA-maiksamUlara ( Max Muller )-mahodayo vAdasyaitasya nirarthakatvaM kukkuradhvani-paryAyaM bAu-vAu-zabdaM prayujya pratipAdayati / etAdRzAnAM zabdAnAM saMkhyA'tIva laghvI / matametad hAsyAspadameva / (7) iMgita-siddhAntaH ( Gestural Theory )- etanmatAnusAraM mAnavaH AGgikaceSTAbhiH svIyaM bhAvam abhivyanakti / tadAdhAreNa keSAMcit shbdaanaamutpttirjnyaayte| DaoN0 rAye-mahodayaH siddhAntasyAsya saMsthApakaH / DArvina ( Darwin )-mahodayo'pi asaMbaddhAnAM SaDbhASANAM tulanAtmakenAdhyayanena etadeva pramANayati / ricArDa ( Richard ) - mahodayaH svIye Human Speech granthe Oral Gesture Theory maukhikeGgitasiddhAntanAmnA etat prastauti / elekjeNDara johAnsana ( Alexander Johanson ) - mahodayo'pi prAyeNaitat samarthayate / so'yaM bhASAvikAsasya staracatuSTayaM manute / yathA-oSThasammelanena pAnArthadyotane pA-zabdamAzritya pAnArthe pA-dhAtoH pryogH| * etanmatamapi na vidvaddhiH svIkriyate / anukaraNamUlakAH pA-gA-mAMprabhRtayaH zabdA alpA eva santi / mukhena hastAdisaMparkamAzritya dhvanInAM zabdAnAM cotpattinaM vicArasahA / johAnsanamahodayaH dhvanInAm arthAnAM ca sayuktikasaMbandhasthApane na prabhavati / (8) pratIkavAdaH (Symbolic Theory )-etanmatAnusAraM kecana zabdA yaM kamapi saMbandhamAzritya 'pravRttAH, svalpena rUpeNa bRhadarthaM botayanti / ete zabdAH prAyazo bAlazabdAH ( Nursery words ) santi / yathA-mAtA, pitA, bhrAtA, tAta, cAcA-cAcI-prabhRtayaH / ete pratIkarUpeNa prayujyante / evameva dhAtavo'pi pravartante yathA-pA, pibAmi, ghrA, jighraamiprbhRtyH| ___etanmatamapi iMgitasiddhAntena sAmyaM dhatte / etanmatamapi na bhASotpattisAdhane prabhavati / sthUlabhAvabodhakA ete tAtaprabhRtayaH zabdAH / sUkSmabhAvabodhakAnAM zabdAnAM kathamAvirbhAva iti naitena vizadIkriyate / (9) samanvayasiddhAntaH-prasiddho bhASAvit henarI svITa ( Henry 11

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162 saMskRtanibandhazatakam Sweet ) mahAbhAgaH samanvayasiddhAntaM samanvitavikAsavAdaM vA variSThaM manute / tanmatAnusAraM sarveSAM siddhAntAnAM samanvaya AvazyakaH / manobhAvAbhivyaJjakatAvAdaH, raNanasiddhAntaH, zramadhvani-siddhAntazca bhASotpatteH prAthamikIm avasthAM dyotayanti / pratIkavAdaH, aupacArika-prayogAzca dvitIyAm avasthAM prakaTayanti / tadanusAram artha-vikAsaprakriyAm Azritya arthavistArAdiprakriyA prAvartata / pratIka-zabdAnAm aupacArika-zabdAnAM lAkSaNikAnAM ca zabdAnAM saMkhyA'nudinaM vardhate vardhiSyate ca / (10) divyotpattivAda-samIkSA--divyotpattivAdaH sAmAnyatayA sarvaireva bhASAvidbhinirasyate / evaM sati daivI bhASA ekarUpA syAt, vizvabhASA caikA syAt / parantu sarvametat saMskRtabhASAyA vedAnAM ca prAmANye vipratipatti pratipAdayati / viSayo'yaM vaijJAnikadRSTyA dArzanikadRSTyA ca parIkSyate cet tahi na tathA nirasanamarhati / atra maharSeH pataJjale:, bhartRhareH, herAklitusa (Heraclitus)Demokritusa ( Democritus ) -prabhRtInAM vicArAH sarvathA vivecanamarhanti / maharSiNA pataJjalinA mahAbhASye procyate-'siddhe zabdArtha-saMbandhe' (mahA0 A01), nityAni chandAMsi, yA tvasau varNAnupUrvI sA'nityA ( mahAbhASya ) arthAt zabdArtha-sambandho nityaH / vedAnAM varNAnupUrvakramo'nityaH / jJAnaM tu nityam / jJAnaM kathaM nityam ? saMskAravazAt pratimAnavaM jJAnaM nityatvena bhAsate / pratibhA pratimAnavaM bhidyate, pravartate ca / pratibhA brahmaNa Izvarasya vA sAkSAd rUpam / pratibhaiva janmAntaragatamapi jJAnaM samAhRtya loke nidadhAti / tanmalaiva sarvasyApi jagataH prvRttiH| pratibhAmUlaiva bhASotpattiH / pratibhA ca daivoM'zaH / pratibhaiva yathAyathaM zabdAn pravartayati / pratibhAjuSAM yathaiva tadarthAvabhAsaH, vastupratItirvA bhavati, tathaiva zabdanirmANaM pratibhAvadbhirvidhIyate / evaM bhASAbhedo bhAvabheda: zabdabhedazca lakSyate / ko nu zikSayati pakSi-pazvAdikaM bhASaNam ? lUtA kathaM jAla-nirmANe prabhavati ? azva-kukkurAdayaH sva-svabhAvajaM dharma kathaM pratipadyante ? ityatra bhartRhariNA procyate yat sarvametat pratibhAvazata eva / pratibhaiva zabdasyAtmA / sA ca pratimAnavama AtmarUpeNa sthitiM vidhatte / uktaM ca bhartRhariNA vAkyapadIye yathA dravyavizeSANAM pripaakairytnjaaH| mandAdizaktayo dRSTAH pratibhAstadvatAM tathA // vAkya0 2-150 svaravRtti vikurute madhau puMskokilasya kH| jantvAdayaH kulAyAdi-karaNe kena shikssitaaH|| vAkya0 2-151 AhAra-protyabhidveSa-plavanAdikriyAsu kH| jAtyanvayaprasiddhAsu prayoktA mRgapakSiNAm // vAkya0 2-152

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bhASotpattiviSayakA vAdAH herAklituso manyate-'zabdAnAm astitvaM prakRtI vrtte| zabdAH padArthAnoM chAyAvad vrtnte| mAnavaH svavicArAnurUpaM padArthAnAM nAmAni nirdhArayati' / dArzaniko DemokritUso manyate-'bhASA jnyaa| zabdA bhAvAnAM martayaH, kalAkRtayazca / ' epIkyUraso bhASAyAH prakRti-pratidhvanimalatvaM nirAcaSTe, tathA sati bhASA-sAmyaM syAt / humabolTo'pi etadeva samarthayate / bhASA jnyaanmuulaa| manobhAvAbhivyaMjakatAdayo vAdAH na jJAnamUlatvaM bhASAyA manyante / yadi sAdhu parIkSyate tahi satyAM bhAvAbhivyaktaricchAyAm 'AvazyakatA AviSkArANAM jananI' iti siddhAntam anusRtya kecana bhAvAzcetasi Avirbhavanti / pratibhAvazAt tadarthaM kazcana zabda upAdIyate / tadutpattiH prAka saMketamUlA bhavati / vastuprayojanam upAdAya kazcana zabdaH tadartham abhidhAtum upAdIyate / pratibhAvatAM tathA zabdanirmANaM prArabhate / sAmAnyo lokastaM zabdam Adatte prayuGkte ca / evaM bhASotpattiH prAk saMketamUlA ( Symbolic ) bhavati / upacArapaddhatyA AzrayaNena vividheSvartheSu ekasyApi zabdasya prayogaH praarbhyte| parijJAte sati ekadA zabdanirmANaprakAre anyairapi pratibhAvaddhiH anye zabdA AviSkriyante / . evaM bhASAyA pratibhAmUlakatvaM na viprtipttivissyH| pratibhA ca daivii| evaM divyotpattivAdaH samasyAsamAdhAnaM kartuprabhavati /

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45. arthavijJAnam ( 1. arthavikAsaH, 2. zabdArthavijJAnam ) arthavijJAnasya svarUpam'--arthavijJAna-zabdena zabdArthaviSayakaM sarvAGgINa vivecanaM cintanaM cAbhISyate / zabdArthayoH kaH saMbandhaH? zabdaH katham arthama abhivyanakti ? artha: katividhaH ? arthasya katividho vikAsaH ? arthavikAsasya kAni kAraNAni ? ityAdayo'nuyogA arthavijJAne vivicynte| ___ arthavijJAnasya nAmakaraNam-arthavijJAnazabdasya pAribhASike'rthe sarvaprathamaM prayogo mahAbhArate, tadanu kumArilabhaTTakRte zlokavArtike, veMkaTamAdhavakRte RgvedabhASye, maNDanamizrakRte sphoTasiddhigranthe ca prApyate / zuzrUSA zravaNaM caiva grahaNaM dhAraNaM tthaa| UhApoho'rthavijJAnaM tattvajJAnaM ca dhIguNAH // mahAbhArata, vana0 2-19 zabdajJAnArthavijJAnazabdau zAstre tathA sthitau / zloka0 zabda0 13 yajuSAmarthavijJAnaM nAkarmajJasya sidhyati / veMkaTa, RgbhASya, pR0 3 arthasya mahattvam-arthajJAnam antareNa sarvameva vAGmayaM bhArabhUtam / arthajJa eva sarva bhadramaznute / sthANurayaM bhArahAraH kilAbhUdadhItya vedaM na vijAnAti yo'yam / yo'rthajJa itsakalaM bhadramaznute nAkameti jJAnavidhUtapApmA // nirukta 1-18 gopathabrAhmaNe rUpasAmyAd arthasAmyasya samIpatvaM manyate / rUpasAmAnyAdarthasAmAnyaM nedIyaH / ( gopathabrAhmaNa 1-1-26) zatapathabrAhmaNe vAco manaso'pi laghutvaM procyate / 'vAgvai manaso hrasIyasI' ( zata0 1.4-4-7), nirukte (2-1 ) 'arthanityaH parIkSeta, kenacid vRttisAmAnyena' / 'arthaM vAcaH puSpaphalamAha' ( nirukta 1-20 ) / ityevam narvastra mahattvaM pratipAdyate / vAkyapadIye zlokavAtike cArthasya svarUpaM nirdizyate yatyasmistUccarite zabde yadA yo'rthaH pratIyate / tamAhurarthaM tasyaiva nAnyadarthasya lakSaNam // vAkya02-330 tatra yo'nveti yaM zabdamarthastasya bhavedasau // zloka0 160 mahAbhASye'rthasya zabdAdabhinnatvaM pratipAdyate / 1. vistRtavicenArthaM draSTavyam-lekhakakRta-'arthavijJAna aura vyAkaraNadarzana' pRSTha 1.4, 98-135 /

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arthavijJAnam 165 zabdazca zabdAd bahirbhUtaH / artho'bhirbhuutH|| mahA0 1-1-66 arthanirdhAraNaviSaye bhartRhariNA nirdizyate yad artha-prakaraNAbhyAm artho nirdhAryate / 'arthaprakaraNAbhyAM tu teSAM svArtho niyamyate' ( vAkya0 2-335 ) / zabdazaktiprakAzikAyAM jagadIzaH zaktigrahasya sAdhanASTakaM nirUpayati / zaktigrahaM vyAkaraNopamAna-koSAptavAkyAd vyavahAratazca / vAkyasya zeSAd vivRtervadanti sAMnidhyataH siddhapadasya vRddhAH // zloka 20 arthavikAsaH--pAzcAttyadezeSu sarvaprathamaM mizela breAla-mahodayaH ( Michel Breal ) svIye phreMcabhASA-granthe ( Essai de Semantique) arthavikAsasya vivecanaM vyadadhAt / tatra ca tena artha-vikAsasya vRttitrayaM pratipAbate-1. arthabistAraH, 2. arthasaMkocaH, 3. arthAdezaH / ____ arthavistAraH-yatra zabdaH svIyaM maulikam artha bodhayanneva sAdRzyAdikAraNAd arthAntaramapi dyotayati, tatrArthavistAraprakriyA svIkriyate / arthavistAraviSaye bhartRhariNA procyate yat zabdaH kiMcit sAmAnyam Azritya arthAntarANyapi yotayati / saMsagiSu tathA'rtheSu zabdo yena prayujyate / tasmAt prayojakAdanyAnapi pratyAyayatyasau // vAkya0 2-301 tathA zabdo'pi kasmizcit pratyAyyArthe vivakSite / avivakSitamapyathaM prakAzayati sNnidheH|| vAkya0 2-303 udAharaNarUpeNa pravINa-kuzala-zabdau vivecanam arhataH / prakRSTo vINAyAm iti pravINaH / vINAvAdane catura ityarthaH / param arthavistAraprakriyayA 'catura'-mAtre'yaM zabdaH prayujyate / evameva kuzAn lAti chinatti iti kuzalaH / paraM kuzacchedanarUpaM mUlArthaM parityajya cature'rthe'sya prayogaH / evaM tailazabdasya mUlArtho'sti, tilasya idaM tailam, tilasneha ityarthaH / tilasneharUpaM mUlArtha parityajya tailamAtre taila-zabdaH prayujyate / evaM puMgava-vRSabha-RSabhAdizabdA vRSArtha parityajya utkRSTArthe prayujyante / yathA-bharatarSabhaH, narapuMgavaH / gaveSaNAzabdo gavAm anveSaNam iti mUlArthaM parityajya anveSaNamAtre prayujyate / arthasaMkoca:--yatra zabda: svIyaM yaugikamarthaM parityajya kasmizcid viziSTe'rthe prayujyate, tadA'rthasaMkocaprakriyA sviikriyte| yathA-gacchatIti gauH, yA gacchati calatIti sA gauH| na gamanamAtreNa naro'pi gozabdAbhidheyaH / ataeva sAhityadarpaNe vizvanAthenocyateanyaddhi zabdAnAM vyutpattinimittam, anyacca pravRttinimittam / sA0 darpaNa 2-5 vede ari-zabdaH zatrau IzvarArthe ca pryujyte| paraM saMskRte zatrau eva

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam prayujyate / vede 'na' iti nipAto niSedhArthe upamArthe ca prayujyate, paraM saMskRte kevalaM niSedhArthe prayujyate / uktaM ca yAskena neti pratiSedhArthIyo bhaassaayaam| ubhayam anvadhyAyam // nirukta 1-4 vede pazumAtra-paryAyo mRga-zabdo loke kevalaM hariNArthe prayujyate / evameva vidyArthako veda-zabdo'dyatve RgvedAdigranthAneva bodhayati / annamAtrArthako dhAnya-zabdo'dyatve kevalaM vrIhimevAbhidhatte / varaNIyArthako vara-zabda: kevalaM patimeva nirdizati / arthAdezaH--yatra zabdaH svArthaM parityajyArthAntaraM saMkramate, tadA arthAdezaprakriyA svIkriyate / yathA vede zakti-saMpannArthadyotakaH 'asara' zabdaH parakAle kevalaM dAnavArthakaH saMvRttaH / vede jayArthaka: 'saha' dhAtuH saMskRte marSaNArthaka: prayujyate / dogdhrI-vAcako 'duhitR ( duhitA )'-zabda: kevalaM putrI-arthe prayujyate / muni-vRtti-sUcako 'mauna'-zabdastUSNIMbhAve'rthe prayujyate / sapatnazabdaH patnIpariNayapratispardhi-rUpam artha vihAya zatrurUpamarthameva dyotayati / sAdhu-saMpradAya-bodhakaH 'pASaNDa'-zabdaH prapaJcaM chalaM kapaTa bhraSTAcAraM ca dyotayati / arthatkarSaH, arthApakarSazca--yatra sAmAnyazabda: kamapi viziSTamarthaM dyotayati tatra 'arthotkarSaH' / vede 'sAhasa'-zabdo vyabhicAravRttyAdi-kutsite'rthe prAyujyata, paraM saMskRte prazasye utsAharUpe'rthe prayujyate / jIrNavastrabodhakaH karpaTazabdaH zobhane 'kapar3A ( vastra )'-arthe prayujyate / evaM kvacit prakRSTArtha-bodhakaH zabdo nikRSTe'rthe prayucyate, tatra 'arthApakarSaH' ucyate / yathA gopanArthako jugupsA-zabdo ghRNA'rthe prayujyate / bhaktArtha-bodhako 'harijana'-zabdaH, zilpivAcakaH 'zilpakAra'-zabdazca aspRzyArthako saMvRttau / pUrNabrahmacAri-arthabodhako 'vajravaTuka'-zabdo bajarabaTU ( mUrkhAdhamaH ) saMvRttaH / ___ arthavikAsasya kAraNAni--arthavikAsasya bahani kAraNAni santi / tatra kAnicid ullikhyante / (ka ) AlaMkArika-prayogAH-yathA-kaTuvacanam, kaThorabhASaNam , madhurAlApaH, tIkSNavacanam, avarSA, ityaadyH| ( kha ) navabhAva-prakAzanArthaM prAcInazabdAnAm arthavistAraH / yathA gaMgA-zabdo yAM kAmapi pavitranadI dyotayati / bhrAtRzabda: priyAthaM hitaiSiNaM vA bodhayati / evameva mAtR-bhaginI-patra-grantha-tAta-mahArAja-guruprabhRtiSu zabdeSu arthavistAro dRzyate / (ga) ziSTAcAra-pradarzanArtham azubhArthanivAraNArthaM ca bahavaH zabdA arthAntare prayujyante / yathA-'tava' arthe-atrabhavAn, tatrabhavAn, bhagavAn ityAdayaH / andha-arthe sUradAsaH, prajJAcakSuH / maraNArthe svargavAsaH, paJcatvaM gataH, ityAdayaH / (gha) utkRSTatvabhAvanA-pradarzanArthamapi kecana zabdA nikRSTe'rthe prayujyante / yathA-devAnAM priyaH ( mUrkhaH ), vaiyAkaraNa-khasUciH (pratibhAvihInaH ), tIrthadhvAGkaH ( paNDA ) ityaadyH|

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46. vaidika-laukika-saMskRtayoH sAmyaM vaiSamyaM ca ___ (vaidikasaMskRta-laukikasaMskRtayostulanA) vaidikabhASA-RgvedAdivedacatuSTaye tat-zAkhAgrantheSu ca yA bhASA prayujyate sA vaidikabhASA-nAmnA vyavahriyate / kAlidAsAdi-kAvyeSu yA saMskRtabhASA sA laukikasaMskRtanAmnA nidizyate / vaidika-laukika-saMskRtayoH sAmyam-vaidika-laukika-saMskRtayoH sUkSmadRSTyA vivecanena jJAyate yad laukika-saMskRtabhASA vaidika-saMskRta-bhASodbhUtaiva / vedeSvapi zabdarUpANi, dhAturUpANi, kRt-taddhita-pratyayAH, samAsAdayazca prApyante / saMskRtazabdA api prAyazaste eva santi / dhAtvarthA api prAyeNa ta eva vartante / rUpanirmANavidhirapi sa eva / evaM 99 pratizataM vaidikalaukika-saMskRtayoH sAmyaM nirIkSyate / / __ vaidika-laukika-saMskRtayorvaiSamyam'-dvayoSiyostulanayA vijJAyate yad yadyapi dvayorna maulikamantaram, tathApi vaidiko bhASA saMskRtasya prAcInatamaM rUpaM prastauti / tatra rUpa-bAhulyam, pratyaya-bAhulyam, sandhi-parasmaipadAtmanepadazabAdInAM niyamAnAM na tathA'nivAryatvam avazyaM karaNIyatvaM cAvalokyate / ataeva vaidikI bhASA prayogaviSaye udArA vividhabhAvagrAhiNI ca / digdezAdibhedena yatra tatra vA prayuktAH zabdA dhAtavazca tatra saMnivezam arhanti / etena vaidika-saMskRtabhASA zabda-dhAtu-rUpAdidRSTyA saMpannatarA prekSyate / atra kecana pramukhA bhedA nirdizyante / tad yathA (1) laukikasaMskRte udAttAdi-svarANAM prayogo na vidhIyate / vede tU udAttAdi svarANAM prayogo'vazyakartavyatvena nirdhaaryte| arthanirdhAraNe'pi udAttAdisvarANAmupayogo jAyate / (2) vaidikabhASAyAM prayuktA bahavaH zabdA dhAtavazca laukika-saMskRte luptaprAyA eva / (3) vaidikabhASA saMskRtasya prAcInatamaM rUpaM prastavIti, laukikaM saMskRtaM cArvAcInataraM rUpam / ( 4 ) bahavo vaidikazabdA rUpasAmye'pi laukikasaMskRte'rthabhedena prayujyante / yathA-arAtiasurAdayaH zabdAH / ( 5 ) dhAtvarthaviSaye'pi dvayorvaiSamyaM prekSyate / dhAtvarthaparivartanavatAM dhAtUnAM saMkhyA'lpIyasI eva / yathA vede jayArthakaH saha, dhAtulaukika-saMskRte marSaNArthe pryujyte| uDDayanArthaka utpatanArthako vA ptdhaatuloke patanArthe prayujyate / ( 6 ) zabdarUpadRSTayA dvayorbahvantaraM prApyate / yathA-akArAntapuMliMgazabdarUpeSu catvAro bhedaaH| prathamA-dvitIyA-saMbodhanadvivacane-priyau, priyA; prathamA bahu0-priyAH, priyAsaH; tRtIyaikavacane-priyeNa, priyA; 1. vistRtavivecanArtha draSTavyam-lekhakakRta-saMskRtavyAkaraNam, pRSTha 380-407

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168 saMskRta nibandha zatakam , , tRtIyA bahuvacane priyaiH priyebhiH / akArAntanapuMsakaliMgarUpeSu - akArAnta puMliMgavat catvAro bhedAH, pra0 dvi0 saM0 bahuvacane priyANi, priyA / ikArAnta puMliMgarUpeSu dvau bhedau - tRtIyaikavacane A, nA / zucinA, zucyA / strIliMge - tR0 eka0zucyA, zuci, zucI / saptamyekavacane - zucau zucA / napuM0 prathamAdibahuvacanezucIni zuci, zucI / evameva ukArAnta puMliMgarUpeSu tR0 eka0 madhunA, madhvA Sa0 eka0 madhoH, madhvaH saptamyekavacane - madhau, madhavi / annantazabdarUpeSu saptamyekavacane azman, azmani / sAmAnyataH prathamA - dvitIyA - dvivacane au A ca / paThat - paThanto, paThantA / rAjan - rAjAnI, rAjAnA / vAc - vAMcau, cAcA / yuSmadasmadrUpeSu vaiSamyaM yathA - yuSmad - pra0 dvivacane yuvam; tR0 eka0 `tvA, tvayA; Sa0 dvivacane- yuvoH, yuvayoH; sa0 eka0 - tve, tvayi : asmad -- pra0 dvivacane - Avam, bAm; ca0 eka0 - mahyam, mahya, ityAdayaH / yuSmadasmadorbibhinnasthAneSu yuSme, asme iti prayogo / kvacid rUpeSu 'yA' ityasya zabdAnte prayogo lakSyate / zabdarUpeSu anyAH kAzcana vizeSatA dRzyante / yathA - anya - vibhaktisthAne prathamAvibhaktyekavacanaprayogaH, kAraka- vyatyayaH, padAntasvarasya dIrghIkaraNam, kvacid AkArAnta prayogeNaiva vibhaktyarthaM prakAzanam / (7) loke dhAtubhyo'vyavahitapUrvam upasargAH prayujyante / vede upasargANAM svAtantryeNApi sthitirbhavati / ekavAraM kriyayA sahopasagaMprayoge sati punastadarthabodhanArthaM kevalam upasargasyaiva prayogo bhavati / ( 8 ) dhAturUpeSUllekhyA vizeSatAH santi - ( ka ) leT-lakAraprayogo loke'dRssttH| leTlakArarUpANi yathA - bhavAti, bhavAtaH bhavAn pra0 pu0 / kRdhAtorleTlakArarUpANi - kRNavat, kRNavataH, kRNavan, pra0 pu0 / (kha) bhvAdigaNIyazabAdi-vikaraNAnAM vyatyayaH prAyazo dRzyate / yathA bhinatti ityasya sthAne bhedati-prayogaH / hanti ityasya sthAne hanati / nayatu -- neSatu / tarema ityasya sthAne taruSema / zete - zayate, dadAti - dAti / ( ga ) tivyatyayaH / bahuvacana-sthAne ekavacanarUpaprayogaH - ye takSanti ityasya sthAne ye takSati, iti prayogaH / (gha ) pada - vyatyayaH - parasmaipadasthAne AtmanepadaprayogaH-, Atmane padasthAne parasmaipadaprayogazca / icchati -sthAne icchate -prayoga: / (Ga) puruSavyatyayaH - prathamapuruSasthAne madhyamapuruSaprayogaH / viyUyAt - viyayAH / (ca) kAlavyatyayaH - luTa: sthAne lRTaH prayogaH / zvo'gnIn AdhAsyamAnena / (cha) vyaJjanavyatyayaH / adukSat - adhukSat / ( ja ) idanto masi, uttama pu0 bahuvacane ikArAntaprayogaH / vadAmaH - vadAmasi / ( jha ) laGAdiSu aTa: sthAne ADAgamaH / anaT -- AnaT / (Ja) sarvalakArasthAne luGAdiprayogaH / Agacchatu ityasya sthAne Agamat / ( Ta ) hRgrahorbha:, hakArasthAne bhakAra prayogaH / gRhNAmigRbhNAmi / jahAra - jabhAra (Tha) antyasvaradIrdhIkaraNam / vidma vidmA,

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vaidika-laukika-saMskRtayoH sAmyaM vaiSamyaM ca ckr-ckraa| (Da) histhAne dhiH / zrudhI, kRdhi, pUdhi / (Dha.) rakArasyAgamaH / adarzam-adRzram / (Na) amaH sthAne m / avadhiSam-vadhIm / (ta) tasthAne tana, thana / sunuta-sunotana, sta-sthana / ( tha ) AsIt-sthAne AH, sarvam A idam / (9) kRtpratyayeSu tumarthe se, ase, adhyai, tavai, tave ityAdInAM prayogaH / etum-eSe, jIvitum-jIvase, pAtum-pibadhyai, dAtum-dAtave, krtumkrtve| loke kevalaM tuma-pratyaya eva prayujyate / tvA-pratyayasthAne tvI, tvAya ca / pItvA-pItvI, gatvA-gatvAya / (10) sandhiniyameSvapi kecana bhedAH prApyante / kvacid 'eGaH padAntAdati' iti na prayujyate, ataH pUrvarUpAbhAvaH / upaprayanto adhvaram / aci satyapi bhAn-A~ / devAM accha / mahA~ indro0 / yuSme, asme ityasya pragRhyatvAt sandhyabhAvaH / yuSme itthA / asme AyuH / DakArasya LakAraH / IDe-ILe / evaM vaidika-laukika-saMskRtayoH paryAptaM vaiSamyaM lakSyate /

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.. 47. saMskRta-prAkRtabhASayoH sAdhamyaM vaidhayaM ca prAkRta-zabdArtha:--prakRteH AgataM prAkRtam / atra prakRtizabdena vaidikabhASA saMskRtabhASA vA grAhyA / vaidikabhASAyA eva prAkRtabhASAyA udbhavo vijJAyate / lokabhASA ziSThabhASAzrayaiva parilakSyate / prAkRtabhASA lokabhASA, sA ca ziSTabhASArUpeNa vaidikabhASAmeva Azrayate / prakRtizabdena janasAdhAraNo gRhyate, tanmUlA bhASA prAkRtabhASeti keSAMcinmatam / paraM na tad yuktisaham / janasAdhAraNabhASAyAH ziSTabhASApUrvavartitvaM na saMbhAvyate, na ca dRshyte|| prAkRtavAGmayam--prAkRtabhASA tridhA vibhjyte| ( ka ) prAcInaprAkRtaM pAlIbhASA vaa| tatra tRtIyazatAbdI IsavIyapUrvAd Arabhya dvitIya-zatAbdI IsavIyaM yAvat prAptAH zilAlekhAH, pAlIbhASAgranthAH, mahAvaMza-jAtakAdayo bauddhagranthAzca saMgRhyante / ( kha ) mdhykaaliin-praakRtm| tatra mAhArASTrI, zaurasenI, mAgadhI, jainagranthAnAM bhASA ardhamAgadhI, paizAcI ca bhASA gRhyante / (ga ) parakAlIna-prAkRtam / tatrApabhraMzaH saMgRhyate / prAkRteSu mAhArASTrI prAkRtaM sarvotkRSTaM gaNyate / uktaM ca daNDinA kAvyAdarza-(1-35 )-'mahArASTrAzrayAM bhASAM prakRSTaM prAkRtaM viduH' / nATakeSu padyaracanA mAhArASTrI-prAkRte eva prApyate / gauDavaho-prabhRtikAvyaM mAhArASTrIbhASAyAmevopalabhyate / zaurasenI-prAkataM mathurAsamIpati-zUrasena-pradeze prAyujyata / etasmAdeva hindI-bhASotpattiH / nATakeSu idameva prAkRtaM prAdhAnyena prayujyate / mAgadhI-prAkRtaM pUrva-vihArasya magadhadeze prAyujyata / / saMskRta-prAkRtabhASayoH sAdharmyam-saMskRta-prAkRtayomahat sAmyam avalokyate / saMskRtabhASAvat prAkRte'pi saiva varNamAlA, tathAvidha eva sandhivicAraH, zabdarUpANi, dhAturUpANi, kRt-taddhitAdipratyayAH, strIpratyayAH, samAsAdikaM ca samameva dRzyate / etasmAt kAraNAdeva prAkatabhASA sAralyena saMskRtabhASAyAm anuvaktuM pAryate / saMskRta-prAkRtayorvadharmyam'--sAmAnyatayA saMskRtaprAkRtabhASayoH sAmye'pi kecana vizeSAH saMlakSyante / tadyathA-(1) prAkRtabhASA saMyogAtmikA bhASA / suptiGAdi-pratyayAH zabdAdibhyaH saMzliSTA eva prayujyante / (2) atra prAcInavyAkaraNasya saralIkaraNaM dRzyate / ( 3 ) zabdarUpANAM dhAturUpANAM ca saMkhyA nyUnatvam upaagtaa| ( 4 ) zabdarUpeSu saptavibhaktInAM sthAne vibhaktitrayaM vibhakticatuSTayaM vA'vaziSyate / dhAturUpANyapi dazagaNabhedaM vimucya ekaprakAreNa 1. vistRtavivecanArthaM draSTavyam- lekhakakRte saMskRtavyAkaraNe saMkSipta-prAkRtavyAkaraNam, pRSTha 407-421

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saMskRta-prAkRtabhASayoH sAdharmya vaidhayaM ca 171 dviprakAreNa vA pravartante / ( 5 ) saMkSepajanyAyA aspaSTatAyA vAraNAya kArakacihnabhUtAnAM parasargANAm udbhavo'bhUt / tata eva vartamAna-viyogAtmakabhASANAM janirabhUt / (6) sati saMkSepe'pi saMskRta-vyAkaraNavat prAkRtavyAkaraNaM pravRttam / sarvANi zabdarUpANi prAyazo'kArAntazabdavat pravRttAni / sarvANi dhAturUpANi ca bhvAdigaNIya-dhAtuvat pravRttAni / (7) caturthIvibhaktyA abhAvo'bhUt / prathamAdvitIyA-vibhaktyorbahuvacanarUpANi prAyazaH samAnAnyeva saMjAtAni / (8) dhAtu- . rUpeSu laG-liT-luG-lakArANAm abhAvo dRzyate / (9) zabdarUpa-dhAturUpayodvivacanasya sarvathA lopo'vlokyte| (10)dhAturUpeSu kevalaM parasmaipadameva prAcarat / AtmanepadaM tu luptaprAyameva / ( 11 ) parasargANAM sahAyaka-kriyANAM ca vaiziSTayena prayogo na prAvartata / ( 12) dhvaniparivartanaM mukhyarUpeNa saMlakSyate / saMyuktAkSareSu parasavarNatvaM pUrvasavarNatvaM vA prAyazo'valokyate / ( 13 ) kecana prAcInAH svarA varNAzca viluptAH / yathA-R, ai, au svarAH, ya-za-Sa-visargAzca / mAgadhobhASAyAM ya-za-varNI staH, paraM tatra sa-varNAbhAvo vartate / ( 14 ) saMskRtabhASAyAm aprApyau ai o navInau laghasvarau dRkapathama upagacchataH / (15) sAmAnyatayA padAntavyaJjanasya zabdAntavyaJjanasya ca lopo dRzyate / (16) hrasva-svarAnantaraM vyaJjanadvayAd adhikasya sattA naabhiissyte| dIrghasvarAnantaraM ca vyaJjanaikameva svIkAryam / ( 17 ) prAkRtadhvaniniyamAzrayAt keSucit sthaleSu zabdAnAM mUlarUpameva nAbhijJAyate / yathA vAkpatirAjaH>vappairAaH, avatIrNaH >oiNNaH ityevaM svarUpaM dhatte / (18) prAkRte kecana saMskRtazabdAH tatsamarUpeNa prayujyate / adhikAMzAH zabdA yadyapi vikatarUpeNa prApyante, tathApi te mUlasaMskRtasvarUpadyotane kssmaaH| dhvaniniyamAH--kecana dhvaniniyamA diGmAtramatra nirdizyante / (1) samastapadeSu uttarapadasya prathamAkSaraM lupyate / yathA-Aryaputra>ajjautta / (2) anudAttAvyayAnAM prathamAkSaraM lupyate / punaH > uNa, api >vi, ca>a / ( 3 ) bhUdhAtoH bhakArasya hakAraH / bhavati >hoi / (4) kakArasya khakAraH, pakArasya ca phakAro mahAprANaH / krID >khela, panasa >phaNasa / ( 5 ) za-Sa-savarNAnAM sthAne saH / mAgadhyAM tu za evAvaziSyate / ( 6 ) madhyagatAH ka-ta-pAH ga-da-bA bhavanti / atithi >adidhi, kRta >kida / (7) madhyagata-mahAprANavarNAnAM kha-gha-tha-dha-pha-bha-varNAnAM sthAne haH bhavati / mukha >muha / (8) madhya. gata-alpaprANavarNAnAM ka-ga-ca-ja-ta dAnAM prAyazo lopo bhavati / madhyagato yaH sadA lapyate / loka>loa, hRdaya >hiaa, priya >pia / (9) madhyagataH paH vaH saMpadyate / dIpa > dIva, hindIbhASAyAM dIpAvalI >divAlI / (10) makArasya vakAro bhavati / manmatha >vammaha / saMyuktAkSara-vicAraH-( 1 ) saMyuktAkSareSu kvacit parasavarNatvam / yathA

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172 saMskRtanibandhazatakam sapta > satta, dugdha > duddha / (2) kvacicca pUrvasavarNatvam / agni >aggi / ( 3 ) kSasya cchaH / akSi >acchi / ( 4 ) vakArasya yakArasya ca pUrvasavarNatvam / pakva >pakka, yogya > jogga / ( 5 ) rakAraH pUrvavarNasya paravarNasya vA savarNatvaM bhajate / cakra > cakka, mArga > magga / ( 6 ) anunAsikasaMgato yakAro'nunAsikatvaM bhajate / puNya >puNNa / (7) kavargAt pavargAcca pUrvavartI 'visarga USmavad gaNyate / duHkha >dukkha / svaravicAraH-(1) prAkRte R-l-svraabhaavH| (2) ai-au-svaro kramazaH e-o-svarau bhavataH / kaumudI > komudii| ( 3 ) ikArasya ukAraH, IkArasya ca ekAraH / ikSu > ucchu, IdRza >erisa / ( 4 ) saMskRta-RkArasya sthAne ri, a, i, u vA bhavati / RSi >risi, kRta > kada, dRSTi> dilThi, pRcchati >pucchadi / ( 5 ) anusvArAnantaram api >pi, iti >ti bhavataH / evaM saMskRta-prAkRtayoH sAmyaM vaidhamyaM cAvalokyate /

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48. vaidiko saMskRtiH saMskRtiH puNyA, puruSArthacatuSTayam / vaidikI ziSTvA lokAn punAtyeSA, satyAcAraguNapradA // ( kapilasya ) saMskRteH svarUpam -- saMskRtirhi jIvanasyAntaraGgaM svarUpaM prakAzayati / mananam, cintanam, dArzanika dRSTiH, manovaijJAnikam anveSaNam, dArzanikaM vizleSaNam, kartavyAkartavyavivecanam, jIvanotkarSAdhAyakatattvAnAM gaveSaNam, samaSTheH vyaSTezca svarUpam, jIvanasyoddezyaM lakSyaM ca, lokavyavasthiteH sAdhanAni, prakRtipuruSayorbhedAbhedavivecanam, sarvametat saMskRtizabdena saMgRhyate / atra samAsato vaidikI saMskRtireva vivicyate prastUyate ca / vaidikaM darzanam - vedeSu dArzanikaM tattvaM pracuramupalabhyate / tatra devAnAM svarUpasya, brahmaNaH, Izvasya, jIvanasya, prakRteH sRSTayutpatteH, pApapuNyayoH, lokaparalokayoH, mokSa- punarjanmAdInAM ca varNanamavalokyate / prAkRtikatattvAnAM sUrya-candra-vAyu- megha vidyut prabhRtInAm indra-varuNa-rudra-marut-prabhRti - nAmabhiH varNanamApyate / kvaciccAmUrtA bhAvA devarUpeNopasthApyante / yathA kAma:, zraddhA, manyuzca / Izvara: sarvotkRSTatvena gaNyate / tasyaiva indra - mitra- varuNAdayo vividhA nAmadheyAH / devAnAM pratidevaM kecana sAmAnya guNAH, sAmAnya-vizeSaNAni ca, kecana ca vibhedakA guNAH / devAnAM sAmAnyavaiziSTyamAzritya ekezvaravAdaH samarthyate / teSAM vibhedakaguNAnAzritya bahudevatAvAdo'pi prApyate / ataeva 'indra mitraM varuNamagnimAhuratho divyaH sa suparNo garutmAn / ekaM sad viprA 'bahudhA vadantyagniM yamaM mAtarizvAnamAhuH' ( Rg0 1-164 - 46 ) / eSa evAbhiprAyaH'tvamagne varuNo jAyase yat tvaM mitro bhavasi yatsamiddhaH / tvaM vizve sahasaputra devAstvamindro dAzuSe martyAya ' ( R05 -3 - 1 ) asmin mantre'pi parilakSyate / atraka evezvaraH indra-mitra - varuNAdinAmabhiH stUyate / puruSasUkta (Rg0 10-90) virATpuruSAt sRSTyutpattirvaNyate / nAsadIya sUkte ( Rg 010 - 129 ) api sRSTyutpattivarNanam / hiraNyagarbha sUkte ( Rg0 10 - 121 ) hiraNyagarbhaprajApateH sRSTerudbhavaH / Rgvede ( R0 10 59-6 ) punarjanmanaH pratipAdanaM prApyate / jIvaH karmAnusAraM punarjanma labhate / vaidikadevavAdaH - vaidikadevAnAM viSaye vizeSata ullekhyametad yat -- sarveSu deveSu tejaH-pAvanatva- dayA- dAkSiNya-kSemAvahatvAdikaM sAmAnyenopalabhyate / kvacid devA mAtRpitRrUpeNApi parikalpyante / pitAputrasambandhAdivarNane devAnAM kAlpanikadehAdivarNanaM prApyate / vedeSu na devapratimollekho na ca tatpUjAvidhAnam / sarve devA AyuSyAbhyudaya samRddhipradAyakAH / kevalaM rudra evaM bhayamAvahati /

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saMskRta nibandhazatakam srvtraashaavaadsNcaarH| devAnAM caritram ujjvalaM niSkalaGkaM ca / varuNo nyAyAzaH, na jAtu pApinaM kSamate / devayajamAnayoranugrAhakAnugrAhya sambandhaH / 174 dhArmikaM jIvanam -- vaidika jIvanaM dharmapradhAnam / tatra vividhadevAnAmupAsanA varNyate / yajJeSu devA AhUyanta / yajJeSu ghRtAnna somakSIrAdikamahUyata / yajJeSu pazumAMsAhutirvarjitA'bhUt / somaraso devAnAM preSThaM peyamabhavat / upAsyadeveSu indrAgnivaruNamarut somAzvino mukhyAH / vaidikakAle brahmaviSNumahezA na pramukhadevatvena gaNitAH / dharmapradhAno vaidikaH kAlaH / mananacintanadarzanAdikaM sarvaM dharmAzritamabhavat / dharmamUlaiva kAvyakRtirapi AsIt / AcAravicArazuddho - saMyama - satyAtmacintanAdiSu balamAdhIyata / , " sAmAjika jIvanam - samAja: Aryadasyubhedena dvidhA vibhakto'bhUt / Astika-dhArmika-sadAcArAdiguNasamanvitA AryAH, tadviparItAzca dasyavaH / ime dasyavaH zilpakarmanipuNAH / parakAle samAjo varNacatuSTaye vibhaktaH -- brAhmaNakSatriyavaizyazUdraprabhedena / adhyApanamadhyayanaM yajanaM yAjana ca brAhmaNAnAM mukhyaM karma / rASTrarakSA, zAsanasaMcAlanaM, nyAyadaNDavyavasthA ca kSAtraM karma / kRSirgorakSA vANijyaM ca vaizyAnAM karma / samAjasevA, zilpavidhAnaM ca zUdrANAM karma / samAjaH parivAreSu vibhakta AsIt / parivArAH pitRpradhAnAH / vivAhAdisaMskArANAM 'prAdurbhAvo lakSyate / ekapatnItvavratapracalanaM lakSyate / samAje nArINAM gauravAspadaM - sthAnamAsIt / strIzikSA pracalanatvAdeva Rgvede ekaviMzatirRRSikA mantradarzikAH / svayaMvaravivAhapracalanamapi prApyate / zikSAkSetre na ko'pi bhedabhAvaH / pitRsampadi putraputrayoH samo'dhikAraH / Arthika jIvanam - Arthika jIvanasyAdhArarUpeNa kRSi, pazupAlanaM copalabhyete / pazuSu gavAM sthAnaM sarvotkRSTam / saiva aghnyA- aditi-mAtetyAdinAmabhirnirdizyate / kRSikarmaNi vRSabhAH prAyujyanta / secanasAdhanAni nadI -kUpajalAzaya - kulyAdInyabhUvan / anneSu godhUma-yava-brIhi caNaka-mASa tilAdayo mukhyAH / kRSikarmAtiriktA vRttaya udyogAzca prAcalan / tadyathA - takSa- hiraNyakAra-lauhakAra-karmAra-carmakAra vAsovAyAdivRttayaH prAvartanta / vyApArakarmaNi pravRttAH vaNijo'bhavan / vastuvinimayamUlakaM krayavikrayaM prAcarat / mudrAsu niSkaM mukhyamAsIt / samudravyApArAvasthitirapi vijJAyate / sAmudrikadhanasyollekho'pi prApyate / tat samudropalabdhaM ratnAdikaM syAt, samudravyApArajo lAbho vA / kusIdavRttirapi prAcarat / aSTamAMzaH, SoDazAMzo vA kusIdarUpeNAgRhyata / rAjanItika jIvanam - rAjanItikadRSTyA samAjaH paJcadhA vyabhajyata1. gRhaM kulaM vA, 2. grAmaH, 3. viT ( viz ), 4. janaH 5. rASTram / eteSAM svAmino'pi kramazaH gRhapatiH, grAmaNIH, vizAmpatirvizpatirvA, janapatiH,

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vaidika saMskRtiH 175 rAjA cAbhyadhIyanta / rAjJaH karma rASTrarakSaNaM, zatruvinAzanaM cAsIt / dvividhA zAsanapraNAlI prAcarat -- rAjatantrAtmikA, prajAtantrAtmikA ca / rAjatantre nRpo vaMzaparamparAgataH, prajAtantre ca nirvAcito'bhUt / dvayorapi rAjyAbhiSeko'bhavat / rAjJo nirvAcakA: 'rAjakRtaH ' abhyadhIyanta / tatra paJca rAjakRta:rAjAnaH, sUtaH, grAmaNIH, rathakAraH, karmArazca / rAjasaMcAlanArthaM sabhA samiti - zceti pariSadddvayaM prajApateH duhitRrUpeNa prAcalat / grAmAdinyAyakRt sabhA, rAjyazAsanakRcca samiti: / samitireva rAjJo zAsanAdavatAraNe navarAjanirvAcane ca prAbhavat / seyaM vaidiko saMskRtiH prathamA saMskRtiriti vede saMstUyatesA prathamA saMskRtirvizvavArA ( yaju0 7 - 14 ) / -

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49. bhAratIyA saMskRtiH ( bhAratIya saMskRtermUlatattvAni ) satyAhiMsAguNaiH zreSThA, vizvabandhutvazikSikA / vizvazAntisukhAdhAtrI, bhAratIyA hi saMskRtiH // ( kapilasya ) * kA nAma saMskRtiH-bhAratIyasaMskRtevivRtivicAre bahavo'nuyogAH samApatanti cetasi / kA nAma saMskRtiH ? kathamivaiSopakarotyAtmano manaso janasya dezasya saMskRtervA ? heyopAdeyopekSyA vaiSA ? upAdeyA cediyaM kiM syAt svarUpamasyAH sAMpratikyAM lokasthitI ? kAstAvat prAtisvikyo bhAratIyasaMskRteH ? kimiva hi sAdhyaM kSemamiha lokasya saMskRtyA'nayA ? kAni ca santi kAraNAni vizvasaMskRtAvAdRterasyAH ? ityAdayaH / saMskaraNaM pariSkaraNaM cetasa Atmano vA saMskRtiriti samabhidhIyate / sA nAma saMskRtiryA vyapanayati malaM manasaH, cAJcalyaM cetasaH, ajJAnAvaraNamAtmanazca / pApApanayanapUrvakameSA prasAdayati svAntam , durbhAvadamanapUrvakaM saMsthApayati sthairya cetasi, manaHzuddhipuraHsaraM pAvayatyAtmAnamapaharati ca cittabhramam / saMskRtermahattvam-saMskRtirevaiSA cetaH prasAdayati, mano'malIkurute, durbhAvAn damayate, durguNAn dArayati, pApAnyapAkurute, duHkhadvandvAni dahati, jJAnajyotijvalayati, avidyAtamo'pahanti, bhUtiM bhAvayati, sukhaM sAdhayati, dhRtiM dhArayati, guNAnAgamayati, satyaM sthApayati, zAnti samAdadhAti ca / na kevalameSopakI vyaSTerapitu samaSTerapi jiivnbhuutaa| upakaroti caiSA''tmano manaso lokasya rASTrasya saMsRtezca / ajasrameSopAdeyA sarvaireva svasukhamabhIpsubhiH / svonnatimabhIpsatA na zakyA kenApyeSA hAtumupekSituM vA / ujjhitopekSitA vaiSA pariNaMsyate svAtmavinAzAya, lokAhitAya ca / aGgIkRte'syA upAdeyatvaM tadeva syAdasyAH svarUpaM yat sAmpratikyA lokasaMsthityA nAtitarAM saMbhidyeta / vividhAcAravicAra-vAdavyAkUle vizve'smin seva saMskRtirupAdeyatAmapsyati yA sameSAM svAnte sadbhAvAvirbhAvapuraHsaraM vizvahitaM, vizvabandhutvaM, vizvopakaraNaM cAdarzatvenorarIkuryAt / ataH sidhyatyado yad vizvajanInA saMskRtireva sAmpratamupAdAnamahati / saiva ca tApatrayasantaptaM jagat tApApanayanena sukhanidhAnaM sampAdayituM prabhavati / bhAratIyasaMskRtervaiziSTayam-bhAratIyasaMskRteH kAzcana prAtisvikyo mukhyA vizeSA vA'tra prastUyante 1. dharmaprAdhAnyam-mAnaveSu dharmaprAdhAnyameva tAn vyavachedayati pazubhyaH / ata uktam-'dharmo hi teSAmadhiko vizeSo dharmeNa hInAH pazubhiH samAnAH' / na hi dharmapadena kazcana sampradAyavizeSo'tra vivakSitaH / jagaddhArakANi mUla

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bhAratIyA saMskRtiH 177 tattvAni yamAkhyayA vyAkhyAtAni zAstreSu dharmapadavAcyAni / tadevocyate'dhAraNAddharma ityAhurdharmo dhArayate prajAH / yaH syAd dhAraNasaMyuktaH sa dharma iti nizcayaH' / yamAstu vyAkhyAtA yogadarzane-'ahiMsAsatyAsteyabrahmacaryAparigrahA yamAH' (yoga0 2-30) / ahiMsAyAH samAzrayaNam, satyasya paripAlanam, asteyavRttyA AzrayaH, brahmacaryavratasyAnuSThAnam, aparigrahavratasya pAlanaM ca yama ityucyate / eteSAM vratAnAmAzrayeNa mAnava: samAjo dezo jagadidaM ca satatamannati lapsyata iti tAni vizvajanInadharmapadena vAcyAni / eta eva yamAH zAzvatikAH sArvabhaumAH mahAvratamityucyante-'jAtidezakAlasamayAnavacchinnAH sArvabhaumA mahAvratam' (yoga0 2-31) / yazcai hikamAmuSmikaM cobhayaM kSemamAvahati sa dharma iti vyavasthApitaM vaizeSikadarzanakRtA. kaNAdena-'yato'bhyudayaniHzreyasa-. siddhi sa dhrmH'| yato'bhyudayo'rthAt aihikI laukikI bhautikI vA samunnatiH samupalabhyate, niHzreyasAvAptirmokSAdhigamazca bhavati pAralaukikaM ca sukhamApyate sa eva dharmapadena vAcyaH / etadeva manasikRtya manunA dhRtyAdayo daza guNA dharmanAmnA vyaakhyaataaH| tadyathA-'dhRtiH kSamA damo'steyaM zaucamindriyanigrahaH / dhIvidyA satyamakrodho dazakaM dharmalakSaNam' ( manu0 ) / 2. AdhyAtmiko bhAvanA-jIvanamatanna kevalaM bhogArthameva, apitvAtmonnateH pramukhaM sAdhanam / AdhyAtmikI bhAvanA mAnavaM devatvaM prApayati / sa sarveSvapi joveSvekatvaM samIkSate / samagramapi prANijAtaM parezenaivotpAditamiti vicAraM vicAraM tatraikatvamanubhavati / jagadidaM paramAtmanA vyAptam / 'IzAvAsyamidaM sarvaM yat kiJca jagatyAM jagat' (IzopaniSad 1) / 'yastu sarvANi bhUtAnyAtmanyevAnupazyati / sarvabhUteSu cAtmAnaM tato na vijugupsate / iishop06)| 'yasmin sarvANi bhUtAnyAtmaivAbhUd vijAnataH / tatra ko mohaH kaH zoka ekatvamanupazyataH' (Izopa0 7) / adhyAtmapravRttyA jIvanamunnataM bhavati / sarvatraikatvadarzanena na mAnavaH zokAbhibhUto bhavati / sa pratipadamAnandamanubhavati / nikhilamapi saMskRtavAGmayaM vyAptaM bhAvanayA'nayA / bhAvanaiSA cetaH prasAdayati, AtmAnaM mokSAdhigamaM prati prerayati / upaniSatsu gItAyAM cAsyA bhAvanAyA varNitaM vividhaM mahattvam / adhyAtmapravRttyA pravartate manasi sahRdayatA sahAnubhUtiraudAryAdikaM ca / 3. pAralaukikI bhAvanA-jagadidaM vinazvaraM, kiitirevaikaa'vinaashinii| bhautikA viSayA ime ApAtaramyA paryantaparitApinazca / 'ApAtaramyA viSayAH paryantaparitApinaH' (kirAtA0 11-12) / eSAmAzrayaNena patanaM sulabham, duHkhAvAptiH sulabhA, sukhaM tu nitarAM durlabham / etasmAdeva heto/rAH bIrAH sukRtinazca kartavyaM pramukhaM manvAnA viSayasukhAni vihAya, prANAn tRNavad gaNayantaH samarAdiSu vIragati lebhire /

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178 saMskRtanibandhazatakam 4. sadAcArapAlanama-'AcAraH paramo dharma' iti siddhAntamAzritya sadAcAraH sarvottamaM tapa iti sa pAlanIyaH ! ata uktaM mahAbhArate-'vRttaM yatnena saMrakSeda vittameti ca yAti ca / akSINo vittataH kSINo vRttatastu hato hataH' / brahmacaryAdipAlanenendriyanigraho manaso damazca saadhniiyau| sadAcArapAlane brahmacaryasya viziSTaM mahattvam / brahmacaryavratasyAzrayaNena na kevalaM zArIrikI samunnatiravApyate, apitu mAnasikI, bauddhikI, AdhyAtmikI cApi samunnatiH sutarAM sulbhaa| devA brahmacaryavratapAlanenaiva mRtyumapi vazIkRtavantaH / 'brahmacaryeNa tapasA devA mRtyumupAghnata' ( athrv0)| devA brahmacaryeNaivAnandamadhigatavantaH / 'indro ha brahmacaryeNa devebhyaH svarAbharat' ( athrv0)| caritrarakSA, zIlarakSA, saMyamo damo manaso vazIkaraNamindriyANAM niyamanaM cetyAdiguNAH sadAcArapAlane vizeSato'vadheyAH / (5) varNa-vyavasthA-brAhmaNakSatriyavaizyazUdrAzcatvAra ime varNAH / vedAnAM vedAGgAnAM cAdhyayanamadhyApana, yajanaM, yAjanaM, vidyAyA dhanasya ca dAnaM, dhanAdidAnasya svIkaraNaM ca brAhmaNasya kartavyam / 'adhyApanamadhyayanaM yajanaM yAjanaM tthaa| dAnaM pratigrahazcaiva brahmakarma svabhAvajam' (manu0) / 'zamo damastapaH zaucaM zAntirArjavameva ca / jJAnaM vijJAnamAstikyaM brahmakarma svabhAvajam' ( gItA 18-42) / dezasya samAjasya ca rakSaNaM kSatriyasya paramo dharmaH / sa vipatteH kSatAd vA lokaM traayte| ataH sAdhu nigaditaM kavivareNyena kAlidAsena-kSatAt kila trAyata ityudanaH kSatrasya zabdo bhuvaneSu rUDhaH' ( raghu0 ) / 'zaurya tejo dhRtirdAkSyaM yuddhe cApyapalAyanam / dAnamIzvarabhAvazca kSAtraM karma svabhAvajam' (gItA 18-43) / dezasya janatAyAzca manoraJjanatvAdeva rAjA rAjate / 'rAjA prakRtiraJjanAt / ' kRSirgorakSA vANijyaM ca vaizyasya pramukhaM karma / 'kRSigaurakSyavANijyaM vaizyakarma svabhAvajam ( gItA 18-44) / eSu karmasu vaizyaiH samunnatiH kAryA / zramasAdhyaM zArIrikaM ca kArya zUdrasya pradhAnaM kartavyam / 'paricaryAtmakaM karma zUdrasyApi svabhAvajam' ( gItA 18-44) / yo yAdRzaM karma kurute tAdRzaM varNamavApnoti / sarve varNAH svaM svaM karma vidadhIran / idamihAvadheyam-AryasaMskRtau varNavyavasthA svIkriyate, na tu jAtiprathA / janmanA jAtiriti, karmaNA varNa iti / varNo vRNoteH / jano yat karma vRNoti, sa tasya varNaH / jAtiprathA sadoSA, heyopekSyA ce, paraM varNavyavasthA nirdoSopAdeyA ca / (6) AzramavyavasthA-brahmacaryagRhasthavAnaprasthasaMnyAsAzcatvAra ete AzramAH / svavayo'nurUpamAzramamAzrayet, tadAzramanirdiSTaniyamAn pAlayecca / ApaJcaviMzativarSaM brahmacaryAzramaH / vidyAdhyayanaM, tapomayajIvanayApanaM sarvavidhaguNAnAM saGgrahazcAzrame'smin pradhAnaM kartavyam / ApaJcAzadvarSaM gRhasthAzramaH / bhautikI zArIrikI mAnasikI ca samunnatiH, bhautikaviSayANAmupabhogaH, dAmpatyajIvanayApanaM, vaMzapratiSThAyai santAnotpattizcAzrame'smin viziSTaM karma /

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bhAratIyA saMskRtiH 179 paJcAzadvarSAnantaraM vAnaprasthAzrame pravezaH / sapatnIkenezvarArAdhanaM, saMyamapAlanaM, yogAdikarmasu viziSTA pravRttizca tatra pramukhaM karma / SaSTivarSAnantaraM yadaiva vairAgyabhAvanA samutpadyate, tadaiva saMnyAsAzrama AzrayaNIyaH / ' yadahareva virajet tadahareva pravrajet' / bhautikaviSayAn parityajya yogAbhyAse ratiH, puNyArjane pravRttiH, samAdhau manasaH sthitiH, lokopakaraNe ca viniyuktiH, parivrAjakAnAM prathamaM kartavyam / ( 7 ) karmavAdaH - manuSyeNa sadA'nAsakti bhAvanayA karma kAryamiti / kRtasya karmaNaH phalAvAptiH sunizcitA / satkarmaNA puNyaM, duSkarmaNA pApaM cApnoti / 'avazyameva bhoktavyaM kRtaM karma zubhAzubham ' / 'puNyo vai puNyena karmaNA bhavati pApaH pApenaiva' ( bRhadAraNyakam ) / mAnavaH karmAnusAraM zubhaM vA'zubhaM vA janma labhate / sukRtaM kriyate cet satphalaM labhyate, duSkRtaM kriyate cet kuphalaM prApyate / sarvAsvavasthAsu karmaNAM phalamavazyamavApyate / atastAdRzaM kAryaM kAryaM yathA jIvane duHkhAvAptirna syAt / ( 8 ) punarjanmavAdaH --- karmAnurUpaM sarvasyApi jantoH punarjanma bhavati / 'jAtasya hi dhruvo mRtyurdhruvaM janma mRtasya ca ' ( gItA 2-27 ) / yo hi jAyate tasya maraNaM dhruvamevAsti / mRtasya ca karmAnusAraM punarjanma sunizcitam / yaH pUrvajanmani yAdRzaM karma kurute, so'smin janmani tAdRze eva kule parivAre ca janma labhate / pratibhAdivaiziSTyaM viziSTaguNAdisamanvitatvaM tadvaiparItyaM ca pUrvajanmakRtakarmavipAka evetyavagantavyam / jJAnAgnidagdhakarmANaH kecana yatayo niHzreyasamadhigacchanti / (9) mokSaH - mokSAvAptiH paramaH puruSArthaH / mokSamadhigamya na ca punarAvartante munayaH / keSAMcit matena niyatakAlaM niHzreyasasukhamupabhujya te'pyAvartanta iti / jJAnAgninA sarvakarmapradA he mokSAvAptirbhavatIti / (10) zrutInAM prAmANyam - vedAzcatvAraH svataH pramANasvarUpAH granthAH, anye tu tanmUlakaM prAmANyaM labhante'taste parataH pramANarUpAH / zrutyuktadizA karmAnuSThAnena zreyo'vAptistadanyathA''caraNena duHkhAdhigamazca / (11) yajJasya mahattvam -- sarvaireva janaiH paJca yajJAH dainikakartavyatvenAnuSTheyAH / yajJAnuSThAnenAtmaprasAdanaM devaprasAdanaM cobhayaM kriyate / paJcayajJAH santi - ( ka ) brahmayajJaH -- sandhyopAsanamIzvaropAsanaM ca, ( kha ) devayajJa: - dainikayAgasyAvazyakartavyatA, (ga) pitRyajJaH mAtuH pituzca satataM paricaryA, tayorAjJApAlanaM ca, (gha) balivaizvadevayajJaH - paripakvasya bhojanasyAlpenAMzena mantrapUrvakam agnAvAhutiH kITAdibhyo'nnapradAnaM ca, (Ga) atithiyajJaH-'atithidevo bhava' iti zAstramanusRtyAtithInAM zuzrUSA, satkaraNaM ca / ,

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$40 saMskRtanibandhazatakam ( 12 ) satyaparipAlanam - - manasA vAcA karmaNA satyamurarIkuryAd anutiSThecca / sarvadA satyaM vyavaharet, nAsatyam / satyameva zAzvataM vijayaM labhate, nAsatyam / tathoktam--'satyameva jayate nAnRtam' / 1 (13) ahiMsApAlanam -- 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' ityahisaiva zreSThadharmatvenAGgIkriyate / ahiMsayaiva sAdhyA vizvazAntiH / janahitaM vizvahitaM cepsatA'jasraM manasA vAcA karmaNA cAhiMsAdharmaH pAlanIyaH / ( 14 ) tyAgasya mahattvam - anAsaktenAtmanA jagati vyavaharet, na parasvamIpset / puruSArthopArjitamevopabhuJjIta / tathA coktaM vede - ' tena tyaktena bhuJjIthAH mA gRdhaH kasyasvid dhanam (yaju0 40-1 ) / (15) tapomayaM jIvanam - tapasaiva zudhyati jIvanam manazca prasIdati / bhogavAsanAbhirviSIdati svAntam / manaso buddhyAzca pariSkArAya satataM tapomayaM jIvanaM yApayet / (16) mAtRpitagurubhaktiH - mAtRdevo bhava, pitRdevo bhava, AcAryadevo bhava ityeteSAM devavat pUjyatvamAkhyAyate / zuzrUSayaiveSAM sidhyati sakalamiha saMsRtau / mAtuH piturgurUNAM cAdezo'navarataM pAlanIyaH / te eva mAnavasya sarvottamaM zubhacintakAH / teSAmAjJAnusArameva vyavahartavyam / vizvahitasya vizvonnatezca sarvA eva mUlabhUtA bhAvanAH saMskRtAvasyAm upalabhyante / etAsAmAzrayaNena sarvavidhA samunnatiH sulabhA rASTrasya vizvasya c| guNavaiziSTyamevaitasyAH samIkSya samAdriyate vizvasaMskRtAviyam /

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50 saMskRtiH saMskRtAzrayA .. 1. saMskRtaM bhAratIyasaMskRtizca, 2. saMskRtaM bhaartiiysNskRtermuulmaadhtte|) saMskRtaM saMskRtermalaM jnyaanvijnyaanvaaridhiH| vedatattvArthasaMjuSTaM lokA''lokakaraM zivam // ( kapilasya ) saMskRteH svarUpam-kA nAma saMskRtiH ? pariSkaraNaM, saMskaraNaM, duritavyapohanam, durbhAvadahanaM ca saMskRtiriti / saMskRtihi jIvanonnatisAdhinI, sadguNagrAhiNI, satpathavihAriNI, jJAnajyotiHpracAriNI c| yathA kRSikarmaNi tRNAdiheyaparihAreNa abhISTAkurAdirakSaNaM tathaiva saMskRtyA durbhAvanirodhapUrvakaM durguNadamanapuraHsaraM ca sdgunnrtnsnggrho'nusstthiiyte|| _ saMskRtiH saMskRtAzrayA-vedeSu, dharmasUtreSu, upaniSatsu, darzaneSu, smRtigrantheSu ca mahatA vistareNa puruSArthacatuSTayasya, kartavyAkartavyasya ca vivRtirupasthApyate / vedeSu ahiMsAsatyAsteyabrahmacaryAparigrahAdInAm avazyakartavyatvena nirdeza uplbhyte| vedamUlakameva upaniSadAdInAmanuzAsanam / upaniSatsu AtmajJAnaM brahmaprAptirvA paramakartavyatvena nirdizyate / AtmA vA are draSTavyaH zrotavyo mantavyo nididhyAsitavyaH / Atmani khalvare dRSTe zrute mate vijJAte idaM sarva viditam' (bRhadA0 5 / 5 / 15) dharmasya svarUpaM vivecayatA vaizeSikadarzanakRtA kaNAdena vyavasthApitaM yat yena aihikamAmuSmikaM ca kSemamAsAdyate sa dhrmH| ( yato'bhyudayaniHzreyasasiddhiH sa dhrmH)| IzvarAstitvam, anAstikyaM, dharmabuddhizceti saMskRtAzrayAyAH saMskRtevaiziSTayam / ata eva yajurvede IzopaniSadi ca nigadyate 'IzAvAsyamidaM sarvam'0 ( yaju0 40 / 1 ) / brahmasAkSAtkAraH yadi jIvane'smin na kriyate tahi jIvanasya naiSphalyameva / brahmajJAnenaiva jIvanasyopayogitvam / iha cedavedIdatha satyamasti, na cedihAvedInmahatI vinssttiH| bhUteSu bhUteSu vicintya dhIrAH, pretyAsmAllokAdamRtA bhavanti // kena0 2-5 jIvane kartavyaniSThatA, anAsaktibhAvanayA karmaNi pravRttizca jIvanasya sAphalyaM dizati / bhagavadgItAyAmapi etadeva saiddhAntikarUpeNopadizyate / kurvanneveha karmANi jijIviSecchataM smaaH| ( yaju0 40-2) karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana / mA karmaphalaheturbharmA te saGgo'stvakarmaNi // (gItA 2-47) eSaiva sNskRtilokessu vizvabandhutvabhAvanAM jAgarayati / samatvadRSTisampAdanena ca svaparahitavibhedanivAraNadvArA sArvabhautikI, sArvalaukikI connati nirdizati

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam 'mitrasyAhaM cakSuSA sarvANi bhUtAni smiiksse| mitrasya cakSuSA samIkSAmahe' ( yaju0 36 / 18) 'tatra ko mohaH kaH zoka ekatvamanupazyataH' ( yaju0 407 ) bhautikavAde pravRttizcet mAnavasya tamudhyAtmasAdhanaM tattvajJAnAdhigamazca na kathamapi sambhAvyate / bhautikaviSayeSvanavaliptasyaiva tattvajJAnaM satyadarzanaJca hiraNmayena pAtreNa satyasyApihitaM mukham / tattvaM pUSannapAvRNu satyadharmAya dRSTaye ( Iza0 15 ) // jIvanametad yajJamayam / yajJasyAzrayaNaM sarvAGgINonnatisAdhakam / jIvanasya parArthasAdhanenaiva sAphalyam / tadarthaM paropakArabhAvodayaH, svArthaparityAgaH, tyAgavRttitvaM cAvazyakam-yajJo vai zreSThatamaM karma ( zata0 117 / 1 / 5 ) / tena tyaktena bhuJjIthAH mA gRdhaH kasyasviddhanam ( yaju 40 / 1 ) / samAjasya, dezasya, rASTrasya ca sarvavidhasamunnatyai vicArasAmyaM, mataikyaM, sAmaJjasyaM cAbhISTam / vicArasomye eva samavetatvam, samanvitA kAryavRttizca samAnI va AkRtiH samAnA hRdayAni vH| ___ samAnamastu vo mano yathA vaH susahAsati / ( Rg0 10 / 191 / 4) pArivArikAbhyudayAya mAtRpitRguruzuzrUSA, pitRnidezAnusaraNaM, mAtRbhaktiH, patiparicaraNaM ceSyate anuvrataH pituH putro mAtrA bhavatu sNmnaaH| jAyA patye madhumatI vAcaM vadatu zAntivAm // ( atharva0 3 / 30 / 2) __udyamo'dhyavasAyaH, satataM satkRtiniSThatvam, pragatizIlatvaM ca sAdhyaM sAdhayituM kSamate / ajasraM parikramaNena tigmadIdhitiH tigmAMzatvamApadyate / evaM loke nirantarAdhyavasAyasAdhyaiva siddhiH / ata aitareya-brAhmaNe 'caraiveti, caraiveti' iti stUyamAnena kavinodIryate / 'caran vai madhu vindati, caran svAdumadumbaram / sUryasya pazya zremANaM yo na tandrayate caran / ( ai0 brA0) loke jAgarUkasyaiva pratyutpannamateH prabuddhabuddhereva kIrtilAbho, vibhavalAbhazca / zrameNaiva saubhAgyAvAptiH / sadAcAreNaiva jIvanasya sarvavidhotkarSaH / adhyavasAyazIlasya na dainyaM, na parAbhavo, na cAvadhIraNam bhUtyai jAgaraNam abhUtyai svapanam / ( yaju0 30 / 17 ) kRdhI na UrdhvAna carathAya jIvase / ( Rga0 1136 / 14) ucchya sva mahate saubhagAya / ( atharva0 3 / 12 / 2 ) jIvane sadAcArasya sadvattatvasya mhtyaavshyktaa| sadAcAreNa paripUtaM jIvanamaihikamAmaSmikaM ca phalamavAptaM zaknoti / AcArahInasya sarvazAstrAvagamo'pi niSphala eva / savRttasyaiva samyagdRSTitvaM, samyak sambodhazca AcAraH paramo dharmaH zrutyuktaH smAta eva ca /

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saMskRtiH saMskRtAzrayA 183 . tasmAdasmin sadA yukto nityaM syAdAtmavAn dvijH|| ( manu0 1 / 108) loke viSayAsaktiH mAnavavinAzakAriNI / ghRtapradIpto vahniriva viSayopabhogo doSAyaiva pravartate / ato viSayAsaktiyopekSyA ca na jAtu kAmaH kAmAnAmupabhogena zAmyati / haviSA kRSNavarmeva bhUya evAbhivardhate // (manu0 2 / 94 ) mAtRpitRguruzuzrUSA santataM klyaannkaarinnii| sA caturvidhAM zriyamAvahati / ata eva manunA saMstUyate abhivAdanazIlasya nityaM vRddhopasevinaH / catvAri tasya vardhante AyurvidyA yazo balam // ( manu0 2 / 121) *

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51. bhAratIyasaMskRtau nArINAM sthAnam (1. yatra nAryastu pUjyante ramante tatra devatAH, 2. bhAratIyasamAje mahilAnAM gauravam / ) strINAM saMmAnAspadatvam-vaidikasAhityasyAnuzIlanena vijJAyate yad vaidikakAle strINAM sthAnam atIva gauravAspadam AsIt / strI gRhiNI, gRhasvAminI, sahadharmiNI ityAdibhirvizeSaNaiH saMbodhyate sma / patnIrUpeNa sA gRhasvAminIpadam alamakarot / zvazura-zvavAdiSu tasyA adhikAro manyate sma / 'samrAjJI zvazure bhava samrAjJI zvazrvAM bhava / nanAndari samrAjJI bhava samrAjJo adhi devRSu' (Rg0 10-85-46) / 'jAyedastam' jAyA eva astaM gahamityarthaH, iti Rgvede pratipAdyate / etadeva saMskRte'pi samarthyate yad-'na gRhaM gRhamityAhurgRhiNI gRhmucyte'|| Rgvede kanyAnAM zikSAyA vyavasthA nirdizyate / putravat tAsAmapi upanayanAdisaMskArA abhavan / vedAdhyayane'pi tAsAmadhikAro'GgIkriyate sma / gRhasthajIvana-saMbaddhaviSayeSu tAsAM yogyatvam abhISTamAsIt / vaiduSyamAsAdya tA yajJAdikarmaNi, vidyAvivAde, mantradarzanakarmaNyapi ca prAvartanta / Rgvede bahavyo mantradarzikA RSikAH smaryante / tatra kAzcana RSikAH santi-zraddhA kAmAyanI, zacI, yamI, indrANI, aditiH, juhUrbrahmajAyA, apAlA, AtreyI, zazvatI, AMgirasI, vizvavArA, lopAmudrA, romazA brahmavAdinI, ghoSA, urvazI, sUryA sAvitrI, godhA, sikatA nivAvarI-prabhRtayaH / mantradarzanena tAsAM gauravaM vaiduSyam AdarzarUpatva ca parilakSyate / strINAm adhikArAH-nArI puruSasya sahayoginIrUpeNAvartata / sA puruSaiH saha yajJAdikarmANi samapAdayat / na kevalaM sA yajJAdAveva puruSasAMnidhyam azizriyat, api tu bhISaNe samare'pi sA senAnItvam alaMcakAra / saMhotraM sma purA nArI samanaM vAva gacchati / atharva0 20-126-10 indrANyetu prathamAjItAmuSitA purH| atharva0 1-27-4 vedeSu strI na 'abalA' iti manyate / sA suvIrA, zUrapatnI, indrapatnI, ityAdibhiH padairgauraveNo Syate / sA durjanaM kAmukaM dhRSTaM ca suvIreva zUrapatnIva dharSayati ghAtayati c| avIrAmiva mAmayaM zarArurabhi manyate / utAhamasmi vIriNIndrapatnI0 / atharva0 20-126-9 striyAH saubhAgyavatItvaM sahRdayatvam udyamitvaM ca prazasyate / na mat strI subhasattarA na suyAzutarA bhuvat / atharva0 20-126-6

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bhAratIyasaMskRtau nArINAM sthAnam 185 strI yathAvasaraM saMsadyapi bhASaNAdikaM dhyadadhAt / 'vazinI tvaM vidathamA vadAsi' ( atharva0 14-1-20) / sA gArhapatyakarmaNi jAgarUkA'bhUt, putrAdilAbhena samRddhi cAgacchat / ( atharva0 14-1-21, 7-35-1) strINAM kartavyam-strINAm AcArazuddhiH, jAgarUkatvam, susantatiyuktatvaM cAbhISyate / 'zuddhAH pUtA yoSito yajJiyA imAH' (atharva0 6-122-5 ) / susantAnotpattyA rASTrahitasaMpAdanamapi strINAM kartavyam / 'idaM rASTra pipRhi saubhagAya' ( a 0 7-35-1 ) / atharvavede strIguNAnAmapi varNanaM prApyate / ( a0 1.14. 1-4 ) / tatra strIguNA varNyante yat sA tejovatI, kulapA, patihitakAriNI, mRdubhASiNI, saralA, akrodhanA, pativratA, AjJAkAriNI, prasannacittA ca syAt / patyA'virAdhayantI ( a0 2-36-4) / jAyA patye madhumatI vAcaM vadatu zAntivAm ( a. 3-30-2) / patyuranuvratA bhatvA saM nAsvAmRtAya kam (a0 14-1-42) / sA pativratA syAt, na ca patyA virodham Acaret / madhumatI vAcam udIrayet / patyura nuvratA syAt / truTayarthaM prAyazcittam Acaret / patiparivArArthaM maGgalakAriNI zuzraSAparA sukhadA ca syAt / yajJaM kuryAt / patyA sahAgnihotram Acaret / pAtivratyam AcarantI somyasvabhAvA dayAluzca syAt / dampatyoH hRdayasAmaJjasyaM syAt / prajAvatI vIrarurdevakAmA syonemagni gArhapatyaM spry| ___ a0 14-2-18 yatanucA mithunA yA saparyataH / atharva0 20-25-3 saM vAM bhagAso agmata saM cittAni samu vratA / atharva0 2-30-2 purA nA : zRGgAramakurvan, AbhUSaNAni cAdhArayan / 'cakSurA abhyaJjanam' ( a0 14.-1-6 ) / yajJAdyavasareSu striyaH suvasanAH sAlaMkArAzca saMmilitA abhUvan / 'sUryAyA bhadramid vAso gAthayaiti pariSkRtA' ( a0 141-7) / bahirgamanAdau bhASaNAdiSu ca na tatra pAratantryam AsIt / tAsAM cAritrika staramapi utkaSTatvamabhajata / nahi dhRSTo'pi tA dharSayituM kSamo'bhUt / ( a0 20-126-9) / gobhilagRhyasUtre ( prapAThaka 2) kanyAnAm upanayanasaMskAro vedAdhyayanaM gAyatrImantrapAThaH ca nirdishynte| kAzcana Ajanma brahmacaryavratam apAlayan / tA brahmavAdinyo dharmopadezikAzca samabhUvan, yathA ghoSA apAlAprabhRtayaH / pitRsampattAvapi tAdRzInAM brahmacAriNInAM putravat samAnAdhikArI vijJAyate / 1. vizadavivecanArtha draSTavyam-lekhakakRta-atharvavedakAlAna saMskRti-adhyAya 3

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286 saMskRta nibandha zatakam amAjUriva pitroH sacA satI / samAnAdA sadasastvAmiye bhagam // Rg02 - 17-7 L brAhmaNagrantheSu strINAM svarUpam - zatapathabrAhmaNAdiSu grantheSu strIsvarUpaM yathAsthAnaM pratipAdyate / tatra nArIviSaye kAzcana viziSTatA nirdizyante / tatra strI sAvitrIrUpeNa gauravAspadaM pratipAdyate / strINAM patireva gatiH / pativartmAnusaraNaM tAsAM kartavyam / tAH komalAGgatvAd abalAH / na ca tA - stADanIyA: strI sAvitrI / jai0 u0 brA0 4-27-17 patayo hyeva striyai pratiSThA / za0 brA0 2-6-2-14 tasmAt striyaH puMso'nuvartmAno bhAvukAH / zata0 13-2-2-4 avIryA vai strI / zata0 2-5-2-36 na vai striyaM ghnanti / zata0 19-4-3-2 striyAH parapuruSagamanaM niSiddhaM doSAvahaM ca / strI patyurardhAGgI / ataeva sArdhAGginIzabdena vyavahriyate / patnImantareNa na yajJasya pUrNatvaM svIkriyate / vaidikavivAhasyAvicchedyatvaM ca pratipAdyate / jAyA gArhapatyo'gniH / jAyayaiva mAnavasya pUrNatvaM saMjAyate / varuNyaM vA etat strI karoti yadanyasya satyanyena carati / zata0 2-5-2-20 atha ardho vA eSa AtmanaH, yat patnI / taitti0 brA0 3-3-3-5 ayajJo vA eSaH / yo'patnIkaH / taitti0 2-2-2-6 sA hovAca - yasmai mAM pitA'dAt naivAhaM taM jIvantaM hAsyAmIti / zata04-1-5-9 jAyA gArhapatyo'gniH / aita0 brA0 8-24 yAvad jAyAM na vindate naiva tAvat prajAyate, asarvo hi tAvad bhavati / zata0 5-2-1-10 smRtigrantheSu strINAM svarUpam - manusmRtau yoSitAM svarUpam atyutkRSTatvena pratipAdyate / yatra yoSitAM samAdarastatraiva sarvakriyANAM sAphalyam, tadabhAve tu sarvakRtyAnAM niSphalatvam / yatra nAryastu pUjyante ramante tatra devatAH / yatraitAstu na pUjyante sarvAstatrAphalAH kriyA // manu0 3-56 ataeva nArINAM bhUSaNAcchAdanAdibhiH satkRtyaiH satatameva satkriyA vidheyA' / yoSiti santuSTimupAgatAyAM prasannAyAM ca satyAM tatkulaM rocate vardhate 1. tasmAdetAH sadA pUjyA bhUSaNAcchAdanAzanaiH / bhUtikAmairnarainityaM satkAreSutsaveSu ca / / manu0 3-59

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bhAratIyasaMskRtau nArINAM sthAnam 187 1 ca / tadabhAve na kulazrIvRddhiH / ataeva manunA vyAdizyate yad yatra dampatyoH sAmaJjasyaM paraspara-santuSTizca tatraiva kalyANAdhivAsa : 2 / striyo hi ratna - svarUpAH, ataH strIratnaM duSkulAdapi grAhyam / striyA mahattvaM prekSyaiva manunocyate yat striyo ratnAni vidyA dharmazca yatraiva prApyeran, tata evAdeyAni / rAmAyaNa-mahAbhAratakAle nArINAM sthitiH - rAmAyaNe mahAbhArate ca strINAM zikSAyAH suvyavasthA'valokyate / rAmAyaNe kauzalyA tArA ca ' mantravido ' kathyete / sandhyAM kurvantyA jAnakyA varNanaM prApyate / rAmAyaNe uttararAmacarite ca AtreyI vedAntavidyAniSNAtA zrUyate / mahAbhArate sulabhA vedAntavid varNyate / draupadI ca 'paNDitA' kathyate / strINAM saMgItanRtyAdikalAnAM zikSaNaM varNyate / arjuna uttarAM tadgRhe eva saMgItanRtyAdikam adhyApayAmAsa / rAmAyaNeSpi ekapatnIvrataM pratipAdyate / ataeva sItAparityAgAnantaraM na rAmo vivAhA - ntaraM vidadhe / mahAbhArate bhAryAyA akAraNaM parityAgo nindyate / " mahAkAvyakAle strINAM gauravaM pratiSThitam AsIt / tatra striyAH puruSAd ananyarUpatvaM ca nirdizyate / 1deg sA'rdhAGgarUpiNI priyatamA sakhI ca gaNyate / 11 mAtRrUpeNa sA bhUmerapi gurutarA / 12 mAtRklezakArI na kvacit sukhaM labhate / 13 mahAbhArate sA 'avadhyA' iti varNyate / 14 mahAbhArate varNyate yat satkRtA nAryeva sAkSAt lakSmIrbhavati / 15 1. striyAM tu rocamAnAyAM sarvaM tad rocate kulam / tasyAM tvarocamAnAyAM sarvameva na rocate // manu0 3-62 2. santuSTo bhAryayA bhartA bhartrA bhAryA tathaiva ca / yasminneva kule nityaM kalyANaM tatra vai dhruvam / / manu0 3-60 3. strIratnaM duSkulAdapi / manu0 2-238 4. striyo ratnAnyatho vidyA dharmaH zaucaM subhASitam / vividhAni ca zilpAni samAdeyAni sarvataH / manu0 2-240 5. rAmA0 2-20- 75 6. rAmA0 5-15-48 / 0 7. tebhyo'dhigantuM nigamAntavidyAM / uttararAma0 2-3 8. na sItAyAH parAM bhAryAM vavre sa raghunandanaH / rAmA0 7 97-7 9. mahAbhArata 12-278-36; 12-58-13 10. ananyarUpAH puruSasya dArAH / rAmA0 4-24-34 11. mahA0 1-74-40 12. mAtA gurutarA bhUmeH / mahA0 4-313-70 13. mahA0 137-4 14. mahA0 1-158-32 15. mahA0 13-81-15

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188 saMskRtanibandhazatakam upasaMhAraH-bRhadAraNyakopaniSadi strIpuruSau ekasyaivAtmano dvau bhedau varyete / strI cAkAzenopamIyate / strIpUmAMsau saMpariSvaktau, sa imamevAtmAnaM dvedhA'pAtayat, tataH patizca patnI cAbhavatAm / ayam AkAzaH striyA pUryate / bRhadA0 1-4-3 yajurvede nArINAM gauravAspadatvaM svIkriyate / 'tasmai namantAM janayaH supatnIH' ( yaju0 12.35 ) / Rgvede iDA mAnavasyAdhyApikArUpeNa varNyate / 'iDAmakRNvan manuSasya zAsanIm' ( Rg0 1-31-11 ) / atharvavede striyAH samastaparivArasukhasandhAtRtvaM pratipAdyate ! 'sumaMgalI prataraNa gRhANAM suzevA patye zvazurAya zaMbhUH' ( atharva0 14-2-26 ) / Rgvede ( 180-102-2) mudgalAnI-nAmnyAH striyAH zaurya varNyate / sA zatrusenAm ajayat / evameva Rgvede (1-112-10) vizpalAyA yuddhe zaurya varNyate / evaM vijJAyate yat prAcInabhArate nArINAM sthAnaM mahattvapUrNam AsIt /

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52. nahi satyAt parI ( 1. satyameva jayate nAnRtam, 2. satye sarva pratiSThitam ) satyaM sarvajaganmUlaM jagadAdhArakaM param / satyAnnAsti paraM jyotiH, satyaM dharmasya jIvitam // ( kapilasya ) kiM nAma satyam ?-sate kalyANAya hitaM satyam / yat sarvalokahitasampAdane prabhavati, sarvasya ca jagataH sukhamAvahati, samAjasya ca saMrakSaNaM vidadhAti, tat satyam / dArzanikahaSTyA yad vastu zAzvatarUpeNa sthAyi avinazvaraM ca tat satyam / yatra dezakAlAdibhede'pi na vaiparItyaM parivartanakSamatvaM vA tat satyamiti / tathAvidha-vivecanayA jagati brahmava satyam iti darzanavidbhiH saMsthApyate / atra dArzanikaM satyaM na vivakSitam, iti laukikaM satyameva viviyate / yad vastu yena rUpeNa vidyate, tasya tenaiva rUpeNa prakAzanaM vivaraNam abhidhAnaM ca satyam ityanenAbhipretam / satyameva jayate-jagati dvividhA pravRttirmAnavAnAm-satyAzrayiNaH asatyAzrayiNazca / kecana anRtameva jIvanopayogIti Akalayya anRtenaiva jIvikopArjanaM viddhte| anRtenaiva loka-vyavahArasiddhiriti te manvate / asatyAcAra-vicAra-pracAra-pracure vizvaprapaJce na chalaprapaJca AzrIyate cet na kenApi prakAreNa svArthasiddhiH / avitathAzrayeNaiva dhanopacayo lokakhyAtizceti manvAnA anRtamAzrayante / parametanmataM tthyaanvgaahi| ye hi bhautikasukhalipsayA'nicchayA adharmAvRtalocanA anRtamAzrayante, te'cirAdeva durgatigartamagnAH, durudarkopanipAtabhagnagatayaH, ajJAnasaMchannAH, vipadantAM gatimAzrayante / uktaM ca manunA adharmeNaidhate tAvat, tato bhadrANi pazyati / tataH sapatnAn jayati, samUlastu vinazyati // manu0 4-174 - asatyAzrayeNa tAtkAlikI alpakAlikI vA samunnatiH sulabhA, paraM sonnatiH khyAtirvA duHkhodarkA duHkhAntA ca / loke hi pAramArthikI samunnatirudgatiH pragatirvA satyenaiva saMbhavA / satyAzrayiNo'satyam asanmizraM ca parityajya laukikaM pAralaukikaM ca tAttvikamabhyudayaM labhante / ata evocyatesatyameva jayate, nAnRtam / yajurvede cocyate-idamahamanRtAt satyamupaimi (yju01-5)| nahi satyAt paro dharmaH-dharmasya mUlaM satyam / satyameva dharmaH / nahi dharmaH satyAd atiricyte| satyaM jyotiH, satyameva jIvanaM dyotayati jvalayati ca / satyaM brahmaNastattvam / ataeva-'brahma satyaM jaganmithyA' iti vedAntavidbhi

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam rudIryate / brahmaiva satyam, satyaM ca brahmAtmakam iti sukaraM vaktum / ataeva Izvarasya svarUpanirdezAtmake saccidAnandazabde sat-zabdaH prAGa nirdizyate / chAndogyopaniSadi bRhadAraNyakopaniSadi ca satyameva brahma ti pratipAdyate, tadeva ca jijJAsitavyam / satyaM brahmeti, satyaM hyeva brahma / bRhadA0 5-4-1 satyaM tveva vijijJAsitavyam / chAndogyo07-16-1 pAyathAgorasa ( Pythagoras )- mahodayo'pi satyaM brahmeti ( Truth is God ) prtijaaniite| mahAbhArate azvamedhasahasrAdapi satyasya vaiziSTayaM vyaackssyte| azvamedhasahasraM ca satyaM ca tulayA dhRtam / azvamedhasahasrAd hi satyameva viziSyate // mahA0 mahAtmA kabIradAso'pi satyaM paraM tapa iti bhaNati / yatra satyaM tatra brahmaNo'vasthitiH / 'sAMca barAbara tapa nahIM, jhUTha barAbara pApa / jAke hiradaya sA~ca hai, tAke hiradaya Apa' // tulasIdAso'pi 'nahi asatya sama pAtaka dUjA' ityabhidadhAna etadeva samarthayate / evAnsa-mahodayaH satyaM jagataH saMsthApakarUpeNa gurutvAkarSakarUpeNa ca pratipAdayati Truth is the gravitation principle of the universe, by which it is supported and in which it inheres. satye sarva pratiSThitama satyenaiva jagadetad dhAryate / satyAzrayeNaiva jagati vizvAsasya premNaH zraddhAyAH sadbhAvanAyAzca smvsthitiH| satyaM janaM pApAt trAyate, dukhAd mocayati, bandhanAd rakSati ca / yatra-yatra satyaM tatra-tatra yazo dAkSiNyaM sAttvikatvaM pAvanatvaM zrIH saukhyaM ca / evaM jagati na tat kiMcid yat satyena duravApam / satyenaiva jagataH sthitiH| uktaM ca-'gobhivipraizca vedaizca satIbhiH satyavAdibhiH / alubdhairdAnazUraizca saptabhirdhAryate mahI / ' satyaM brUyAt priyaM brUyAt0-satyAzrayaNe'pi na tatra apriyatvaM saMpRktaM syAt / satyamapi priyatvena mAdhuryeNa ca samanvitaM syAt / tathaiva satyasya pratiSThA / manunA sAdhu nirdizyate yat priyameva satyaM bhASitavyam, priyamapi nAnRtena saMpRktaM syAt / satyaM brUyAt priyaM brUyAt, na brUyAt satyamapriyam / priyaM ca nAnRtaM brUyAd, eSa dharmaH snaatnH|| manu0 4-138 / etadeva 'sUnRta'-zabdenApi abhISyate-'priyaM ca satyaM ca vaco hi sUnatam' / sUnRta-vacanasya mahattvaM bhavabhUtinA varNyate

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nahi satyAt paro dharmaH kAmaM dugdhe viprakarSatyalakSmI, kIrti sUte durhRdo niSpralAti / zuddhAM zAntAM mAtaraM maGgalAnAM dhenuM dhIrAH sUnRtAM vAcamAhuH // uttara0 5-30 191 aitihyaM vAkSyate ced tarhi prApyante bahUni udAharaNAni yatra sadbhiH satyasaMrakSaNArthameva prANaparityAgo'pi soDhaH / satyapAlanArthameva mahArAjo dazaratho nijaM priyaM putraM rAmaM vanaM preSayat / rAjA harizcandro yudhiSThiro maharSirdayAnando mahAtmA gAMdhI-prabhRtayaH satyasaMrakSaNArthameva svajIvanAni samarpayAmAsuH / ataeva bhAratasya rAjaci'pi 'satyameva jayate' iti sAdaram ullikhyate / *

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53. ahiMsA paramo dharmaH hiMsA lokena vidviSTA, hiMsA dharmakSayAvahA / ahiMsA paramA zaktiH, ahiMsA paramaM tapaH // ( kapilasya ) ahiMsAyAH svarUpam -- hiMsanaM hiMseti / prANinAM zArIraM mAnasaM vA paripIDanaM hiMseti / trividhA hi hiMsA - manasA vAcA karmaNA ca / na prANivadha eva hiMsA, apitu manasA parApakRticintanaM vAcA kaTavAkyaprayogo'pi hiseva parigaNyate / sarvavidhahaMsA parityAga evAhiMseti / ahiMsAyA dharmasAdhanatvam - vividha vAda-vivAda- vipratipatti-bahule'pi loke ahiMsAyA mahattvaviSaye sarveSAM nigamAgamAnAm aikamatyam / ataeva muninA manunA cAturvaNyartham ahiMsAyA mahattvam upasthApyate / ahiMsA satyamasteyaM zaucamindriyanigrahaH / etaM sAmAsikaM dharmaM cAturvarNye'bravInmanuH // manu0 10-63 maharSiNA pataJjalinA yogadarzane yamaM vyAkhyAyamAnena ahiMsAyAH prAdhAnyaM nirUpyate yat ahiMsAsatyAsteya- brahmacaryAparigrahA yamAH / yoga0 2 - 30 yamAnAM mahattvaM varNayatA pataJjalinA teSAM sArvabhaumahAvratatvam udghoSitam- ' jAtidezakAla samayAnavacchinnAH sArvabhaumA mahAvratam' (yoga0 2 - 31) / ahiMsaiva vizvasmin jagati zAntisaMdhAtrI, abhyudayasAdhanI, guNotkarSakAriNI, saccAritryamUlA, dharmAbhivRddhi hetuH bhavAbdhisaMtaraNaikasetuzca / ahiMsAyA upayogitA - ahiMsAyA jIvanopayogitvam Azrityaiva prAcInaiH RSibhirmaharSibhiH zAstrakAraizca tasyopAdeyatvam udghoSyate / na kevalaM vedAdiSu, api tu jaina-bauddhAdyAgameSvapi, ahiMsAyA anivAryatvam upadizyate / yajurvede mitratvena sarvaprANihitasAdhanaM snehavyApArazcAdizyate / tadyathA mitrasyAhaM cakSuSA sarvANi bhUtAni samIkSe / mitrasya cakSuSA samIkSAmahe // yaju0 36-18 premabhAvanayaiva rASTrahitaM vizvahitaM ca saMpAdayituM zakyate / ataeva gItAyAmapi devIsampadavarNane bhagavatA kRSNena tatra ahiMsAguNo'pi prAdhAnyena samAvizyate / ahiMsA satyamakrodhastyAgaH zAntirapaizunam / dayA bhUteSvaloluptvaM mArdavaM hIracApalam // gItA 16 - 2 daivI-sampadi na kevalam ahiMsAyA evopAdAnam, api tu tadvyAkhyAna - rUpeNa 'dayA bhUteSu' ityanena prANimAtre sadayatvaM samarthyate / bhagavAn buddho'pi ahiMsAyA AzrayaNenaiva Aryatvam udghoSayati, na hi jAtu hiMsAzrayaNena /

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ahiMsA paramo dharmaH / na tena ariyo hoti yena pANAni hiMsati / 'ahiMsA sabbapANAnaM ariyo'ti pavuccati // dhammapada 19-15 ahiMsAyAH zreyovahatvam--bhagavatA manunA'hiMsAyA upayogitvaM pratipAdayatA nigadyate yad ahiMsayaiva mAnavaiH sarvamapi kArya sAdhyam / madhurayA vAcA yathA kAryasiddhiH saMbhAvyate, na tathA prakArAntareNa / evaM svArtha-parArtha-sAdhanena samameva dharmaparipAlanamapi sidhyati / ahiMsayaiva bhUtAnAM kArya zreyo'nuzAsanam / vAk caiva madhurA zlakSNA prayojyA dharmamicchatA // manu0 2-159 na kevalametadeva, api tu Apadyapi kaTubhASaNaM paradrohavRttitvaM ca niSidhyate / na ca tAdRzI vAk prayoktavyA yayA jana udvijeta / nArantuvaH syaadaato'pi na prdrohkrmdhiiH| yayA'syodvijate vAcA nAlokyAM tAmudIrayet // manu0 2-162 ataeva pataJjalinA yogadarzane samarthyate yat-'ahiMsA-pratiSThAyAM tatsaMnidhau vairatyAgaH' (yoga0 2-35) / yatraiva ahiMsAyAH pratiSThA tatra na kevalaM mAnaveSu, api tu tiyaMgyoniSvapi ahiMsAvRttitvam avalokyate / ataeva purA maharSINAm AzrameSu hiMsreSu siMhAdiSvapi hiMsAvRtti-parityAgo'lakSyata / ahiMsayA vizvabandhutvam-ahiMsaiva sa guNo yena vizvabandhutvaM vizvaprema vizvahitasAdhanaM ca saMbhAvyate / ahiMsaiva dharmamArgaH / ahisAyAH paripAlanArthameva bhagavAn buddhaH, bhagavAn mahAvIraH, maharSidayAnandaH, mahAtmA gAMdhizca svajIvanaM samarpayAmAsuH / ahiMsA-pracAre evaiteSAM jIvana vyatIyAya / ahiMsAzastreNaiva mahAtmA gAMdhiH parAdhInatApAzaM saMchidya bhAratavarSa svAdhInatAm alabhbhayat / ahiMsAzrayeNaiva maharSirdayAnando viSapradaM brAhmaNaM jagannAtham amuJcata / ___ ahiMsAyA mahattvam-ahiMsAyA gauravam avalokyaiva manunA pratipAdyate yat svasukhasAdhanAya na prANivadham Acaret / hiMsako neha na cAmutra sukham aznute / ... yo'hiMsakAni bhUtAni hinstyaatmsukhecchyaa| sa jIvaMzca mRtazca va na kvacit sukhamedhate // manu0 5-45 'na hiMsyAt sarvabhUtAni' etadvacanamapi pUrvAbhiprAyAtmakam / hiMsayA mAnave krUratvaM nirdayatvaM nighRNatvaM sadbhAvahInatvaM ca saMjAyate / ahiMsayaiva sadayatvaM saujanya sadbhAvasamavetatvaM ca saMlakSyate / ahiMsayaiva svonnatiH paronnatiH rASTrahitaM vizvahitaM ca saMbhAvyate / ataevocyate-ahiMsA paramo dhrmH| .

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54. yato dharmastato jayaH ( 1. dharmo rakSati rakSitaH, 2. dharmo dhArayate prajAH, 3. dhAraNAd dharma ityAhuH, 4. dharmeNa honAH pazubhiH samAnAH, 5. na dharmAt paramaM mitram, 6. na ca dharmo dayAparaH, 7. na dharmavaddheSa vayaH samIkSyate, 8. dharmasya tvaritA gatiH, 9. dharmaH sa no yatra na satyamasti / ) ___ko nAma dharmaH ?--jaganmUlatvena saMsRtiniyAmakAni tatvAni 'dharmaH' iti vyapadizyante / yatra jagaddhArakatvaM tatra dharmatvam / ke ca te guNAH, ye idaM jagad dhArayanti ? ete gaNA maharSiNA pataJjalinA yogadarzane yama-zabdena vyAkhyAtAH / eSAM prayojanaM ca pratipAdayatA pataJjalinA abhidhIyate yad ete yamAH sArvabhaumA mahAvrataM santi / ahiMsAsatyAsteyabrahmacaryAparigrahA ymaaH| yogadarzana 2-30 jAtidezakAla-samayAnavacchinnAHsArvabhaumA mahAvratam / yoga0 2-31 tatra 'zauca-santoSa-tapaHsvAdhyAyezvarapraNidhAnAni niyamAH' (yoga0 2-32 ) / manunA sphuTametat pratipAdyate yad yamA evAnivAryatvena sevyAH / eSAm anAzraye patanam avanatizca / yamAn seveta satataM na nityaM niyamAn budhaH / yamAn patatyakurvANo niyamAn kevalAn bhajana // manu0 4-204 manunA dhRti-kSamAdayo daza guNA eva dharmazabdavAcyatvena nirdiSTAH / dhRtiH kSamA damo'steyaM zaucamindriyanigrahaH / dhIvidyA satyamakrodho dazakaM dharmalakSaNam // manu0 6-92 mahAbhAratakRtA vyAsena jagaddhArakatattvAnAM 'dharmaH' iti samAkhyA vyadhAyi / dhAraNAd dharma ityAhudharmo dhArayate prjaaH| yaH syAd dhAraNasaMyuktaH sa dharma iti nizcayaH // mahAbhArata vaizeSikadarzanakRtA kaNAdena pratipAdyate yad yena laukikI pAralaukikI ca samunnatiH saMjAyate, sa eva dharma-zabdena vAcyaH / evaM loka-paralokobhayasAdhakAni tattvAni dharmazabdavAcyAni / / ___yato'bhyudayaniHzreyasasiddhiH sa dhrmH| vaizeSika0 mImAMsAdarzanakRtA jaiminimuninA dharmalakSaNaM nirdizyate yat-'codanAlakSaNo'rtho dharmaH' ( mImAMsA0 1-1-2) / jaiminerabhimataM yad yadeva tattvaM mAnavAnAM sphUrtijanakam, antazcetanAprabodhakam, satkarmaNi pravartakaM ca tadeva dharma-zabdavAcyam / evaM sidhyati yad dharmo mAnava-lokaparitrAyakaH, samunnatisAdhakaH, avanatinirodhakaH, jJAna-vijJAna-zauryAdiguNasaMpAdakaH, AstikyAdipravartakazceti /

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yato dharmastato jayaH dharmeNa honAH pazubhiH samAnA:-dharma eva jIvanasya saarH| pazavastiryaJcazcApi AhAranidrAdikarmasaMpAdanena svajIvanasya sAphalyam aznuvate / paraM na mAnavajIvanam AhAravihArAdisiddhayarthameva, api tu viziSToddezyamUlakam / kiM tad uddezyamiti, kathaM ca tadavAptuM zakyate, ityetat sarvameva dharmaviSayAntargatameva / ataH sAdhUcyate bhartRhariNA AhAranidrAbhayamaithunaM ca sAmAnyametat pazubhirnarANAm / dharmo hi teSAmadhiko vizeSo dharmeNa hInAH pazubhiH smaanaaH|| hito0 1-25 yato dharmastato jayaH-loke dvividhA pravRttirmAnavAnAm-dharmaniSThA adharmaniSThA ca / adharmAzrayiNo jIvane asatyAdibhASaNena asadvRttyA cAcireNa samRddhi vindante / dharmAzrayiNAM ca zrIvRddhiH prayatnasApekSA cirasAdhyA ca / paraM nizcapracametad vaktaM sukaraM yad adharmAzrayiNAM zrIvRddhivinAzAya duHkhodo ca, dharmaniSThAnAM tu samRddhayutkarSaH sukhodakaH sukhazAntisaMdhAyakazca / ataeva manunA pratipAdyate yad adharmodbhavA zrIvRddhiH kSaNikA, samUlonmUlanakI ca / adharmeNaidhate tAvat tato bhadrANi pazyati / tataH sapatnAn jayati samUlastu vinazyati // manu0 4-174 dharmo rakSati rakSitaH-manunA dharmalakSaNaM nirdizyate yad vedaH smRtiH sadAcAraH svasya ca priymaatmnH| etaccavighaM prAhaH sAkSAda dharmasya lakSaNam // manu0 2-12 caturvidhadharme veda-smRtyanantaraM sadAcAro'pi dharma udiiyte| sadAcAreNeva jIvane sarvArthasiddhirityatra na kAcana vipratipattirvipazcitAm / ataeva manunA vyAhriyate AcAraH paramo dharmaH zrutyuktaH smArta eva ca / tasmAdasmin sadA yukto nityaM syAdAtmavAn dvijaH // manu0 1-108 AcArAd vicyuto vipro na vedaphalamaznute / AcAreNa tu saMyuktaH sampUrNaphalabhAga bhavet // manu0 1-109 sarvasya tapaso mUlamAcAraM jagRhaH param / manu0 1-110 dharmalakSaNe 'svasya ca priyamAtmanaH' ityanena madhurabhASaNaM paropakaraNam ahiMsanaM ca samarthyate / ataeva mahAbhArate procyate zrUyatAM dharmasarvasvaM zrutvA caivAvadhAryatAm / AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM na samAcaret // parArthasAdhanaM parahitacintanaM ca jIvane sukham anuprANayati / hiMsA hiMsAm, ahiMsA ahiMsAM ca pravartayati / evaM rakSito dharmo'pi dharmabuddheranarthavAraNapuraHsaraM rakSAmAtanute / baddhamUlo dharmo dharmiSThaM pAvayati trAyate ca / na dharmAt paramaM mitram-jagati dharma eva sarvotkRSTa mitram / sampadi

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saMskRtanivandhazatakam vipadi sukhe duHkhe cAjasraM sAhAyyAcaraNena dharmaH paramaH suhRt / na kevalaM jIvane, paratrApi sukhasAdhanena dharmasya paramabandhutvaM paramamitratvaM ca vyaadishyte| ucyate ca eka eva suhRda dharmo nidhane'pyanuyAti yH| zarIreNa samaM nAzaM sarvamanyatta gacchati // dharmaH sa no yatra na satyamasti-satya-ahiMsAdiguNavyapeto na dharmaH / satyaM dharmasya mUlam / satyAd Rte na dharmasya pratiSThA / satyAzrayaiva dharmavRttiH / yatra satyaM tatra dharmaH, tadabhAve tadabhAvaH / sAmprataM loke dharmasya dvividhaM rUpam-karmakANDamUlakam AcAramUlakaM ca / loke ye dhArmikA vivAdAH pravartante, pravatiSyante ca, teSAM mUlaM karmakANDameva / nahi dharmo vidveSa zikSayati / ye sAmprataM vividhAH saMpradAyAH te 'bhinnarucihi lokaH', 'muNDe muNDe matibhinnA', iti pravAdamAzrityaiva pravartante / te vivAdaM saMgharSa, manomAlinyaM cAnudinaM pravartayanti / AcAramUlakasya satyAhiMsAdirUpasya dharmasya sarvadharmeSu samatvam anivAryatvaM ca vyAdizyate, tatpAlane na kasyacidapi vipazcito vipratipattiH / evaM dharmo mAnavaM devatvaM gamayati, paramasuhRdrUpeNa cAbhISTArthAvAptau sAhAyyaM vitarati / dharmo dhArayate prajAH-jagati dharma eva pArasparika-vizvAsa-saMdhAnAt prajAnAM dhArakaH / dharmasya vizvajanInatvaM sArvalaukikatvaM sArvabhaumikatvaM ca vizvahitasampAdanAdeva pravartate / dharma eva zikSayati-'udAracaritAnAM tu vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' / satyaM dayA paropakArAdayo dharmasyAtaeva mUlatattvAni gaNyante / ataeva paraduHkhanivAraNaM karuNAdravatvaM ca dharme sNgRhyte| ataeva procyate-'na ca dharmo dyaaprH'| na dharmavRddheSu vayaH samIkSyate-jyeSThatvaM zreSThatvaM ca dharmamUlakam / satkarmA-. zrayaNena jyeSThatvaM, na tu vysaa| atastapaHpUtAH sadA sarvatra ca saMmAnamarhanti / bAlizAnAM vayomUlaM jyeSThatvam, sudhiyAM tu dharmamUlakaM jJAnamUlakaM ca jyeSThatvam / 'dharmasya tvaritA gatiH' ityanena nirdizyate yad dharme dezakAlAnurUpaM parivartanaM saMjAyate / satyapi tatra parivartane na maulikaM parivartanam, yathA bAlyayauvanAdibhede'pi na nAmabhedaH zarIrabhedo vA / 'gRhIta iva kezeSu mRtyunA dharmamAcaret' ityapyatrAbhipretam / evam avalokyate yad jIvane dharmasya sarvadA sarvathA cAnivAryatvaM vrtte| tasyAzrayaNenaiva aihikam AmuSmikaM ca sukhamavApyate / dharmo jIvanarakSakaH, sukhazAntisaMdhAyakaH, satkarmaprerakaH, duHkhanirodhakazceti satatam aashrynniiyH| .

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55. paropakArAya satAM vibhUtayaH ko nAma paropakAraH - pareSAmupakAraH paropakAraH ityabhidhIyate / samAje mAnavaH parasya hitasAdhanArthaM yat kiMcid vitarati manasA vAcA karmaNA vA parArthaM saMpAdayati, pareSAM hitaM vA'nutiSThati, sarvaM tat paropakAro gaNyate / 1 paropakArasyopayogitA -- paropakAra eva sa guNo yena samaSTevyaMSTervA samutkarSaH saMpadyate / jIvane sarve'pi sarvotkarSam abhilaSyantaH, svodarapUrtyekamatayaH, svArthasAdhanatatparAH, svAnujighRkSayA iSTakarmajAtaM saMpAdayanto'valokyante / yadi sarvo'pi lokaH svArthabhAvanayaiva preritaH syAt tarhi kathamiva sAmAjikI rASTrayA vA samunnatiH saMbhAvyeta / paraspara sadbhAvenaiva svArthaM vihAya parArthasAdhanena, paraduHkha nivAraNena, lokopakRti-sAdhanena, sarvajIvAnugraheNa ca bhautiko'bhyudayaH samAsAdyate / samAjasya sthitireva paropakArAdhArA / paropakaraNaM lokAnugrahasAdhanena paraduHkhanivAraNena ca sakale loke AtmIyatvaM sAdhayati / ukaM va yajurvede - yasmintsarvANi bhUtAnyAtmaivAbhUd vijAnataH / tatra ko mohaH kaH zoka ekatvamanupazyataH // yaju0 40-7 paropakArasya mahattvam - - paropakAreNaiva vizvabandhutvaM samAjasevitvaM devatvaM ca sidhyati / vedeSu yajJapaddhatyA, svAhA ( sva + A + hA ) - zabdena, 'idaM na mama' ityAdinA ca svArthaparityAga evAdizyate / svatva - paratva-bhAvaparityAgenaiva udAracaritatvaM mahAtmatvaM vizvabandhutvaM ca saMsAdhyate / uktaM caayaM nijaH paro veti gaNanA laghucetasAm / udAracaritAnAM tu vasudhaiva kuTumbakam // hito0 1-69 nazvareNa kSaNabhaGgureNa ca kalevareNa yadi paropakArakRtibhiH sthAsnu yazaH saMcIyate, tarhi kiM lAbhAntaram anveSyam ? sAdhUcyate dhanAni jIvitaM caiva parArthe prAjJa utsRjet / sannimittaM varaM tyAgo vinAze niyate sati // 'prakRtizced avalokyate tarhi sarvatra satataM paropakAraprakriyaiva saMlakSyate / bhAnujaMgadidaM dyotayati vidhurbhuvanam AhlAdayati; mAtarizvA mRtaprAye'pi prANasaMcAraM vidhatte; analaH zaityAdikaM vArayati bhakSyAdikaM ca pAcayati; sarito jalena meghAzca vRSTyA zasyaM janayanti; vRkSAH phalairkSadhAm apaharanti; pazavo dugdhapradAnena mAnavaM saMpoSayanti puSpANi phalAni vanaspatayazca svAthaM vihAya parArthe pravartante / evaM sarvatraiva prakRtau paropakaraNaM saMlakSyate / uktaM ca paropakArAya phalanti vRkSAH, paropakArAya vahanti nadyaH / paropakArAya duhanti gAvaH, paropakArArthamidaM zarIram // vikramo066

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198 saMskRtanibandhazatakam paropakRtiniratAH prakRtyA vinayam Azrayanti / phalAgame zAkhino'pi namratvaM dadhati / ghanA jalabhArabharitA bhRzam avanamanti / uktaM ca bhavanti namrAstaravaH phalAgamainavAmbubhibhUrivilambino ghnaaH| anuddhatAH satpuruSAH samRddhibhiH, svabhAva evaiSa paropakAriNAm // nIti0 1-71 paropakAraH puNyAya-zAstreSu paropakAraH pratipadaM prazasyate, anumodyate ca / prANairapi dhanairapi paropakAraH kaaryH| na ca paropakAra-sadRzaM puNyaM yajJazatenA'pi sNbhaavyte| paropakAraH kartavyaH prANairapi dhanairapi / paropakArajaM puNyaM na syAt kratuzatairapi // subhASita0, pR0 74 . aSTAdaza-purANakarturvyAsasya upadezasahasreSu dvayameva tasyAbhimatam'paropakAraH puNyAya, pApAya parapIDanam / ' aSTAdazapurANaMSu vyAsasya vacanadvayam / paropakAraH puNyAya pApAya parapIDanam // pazavo'pi svacarmapradAnena narANAm upakRti vidadhati / paropakAra-vihInasya jIvanaM niHsArameva / paropakArazUnyasya dhiG manuSyasya jIvitam / jIvantu pazavo yeSAM carmANyupakariSyati // subhASita0, 74 mAnavasya zarIrAvayavANAM paropakAreNaiva sAphalyam / cakAsti jIvanaM paropakAreNaiva / yathA zrotraM vidyayA, tathaiva pANirdAnena, na tu kaGkaNena vibhAti / zrotraM zrutenaiva na kuNDalena, dAnena pANirna tu kaGkaNena / vibhAti kAyaH karuNAparANAM paropakAreNa na candanena // nIti0 1-72 satsu paropakRtibhAvanA naisargikI samIkSyate / te janmAvadhi paropakaraNena svajIvanaM saphalayanto'valokyante / prakRtI sUryacandrAdInAmeSa eva paropakRtisvabhAvaH prshsyte| padmAkaraM dinakaro vikacIkaroti candro vikAsayati kairavacakravAlam / nAyathito jaladharo'pi jalaM dadAti santaH svayaM parahiteSu kRtaabhiyogaaH|| nIti0 1-74 paropakArabhAvanayaiva maharSirdadhIcirdevAnAM hitAya svIyam asthijAta prAdAt / mahArAjaH ziviH kapotasaMrakSaNArthaM svamAMsaM zyenAya prAyacchat / maharSidayAnando mahAtmA gAndhizca bhAratabhUmi-hitAyaiva svIyAn asUna ahAsiSTAm / ataH sAdhUcyate paropakArAya satAM vibhuutyH|

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56. AcAraH paramo dharmaH ( 1. zIlaM paraM bhUSaNam, 2. vRttaM yatnena saMrakSet; 3. suvRttaireva zobhante prabandhAH sajjanA iva, 4. sdaacaarH|) AcArasya lakSaNam-ko nAma AcAra: ? kathaM vA sAdhyazca ? satAm AcAraH sadAcAra iti nigadyate / sajjanA yathaivAcaranti vyavaharanti ca, tadvadAcaraNaM sadAcAraH / sadAcAre sarveSAmeva sadguNAnAM samAvezo'bhISyate / tatra ca prAdhAnyena jitendriyatvaM saMyamo damo vAgAdinigrahaH satya-ahiMsA-brahmacaryasevanaM satkarmapravRttirdurita-nivRttizca prshsyte| mahAtmanA buddhena nirdizyate yad yo'dharmAd viramati, indriyANi saMyacchate, brahmacaryam upAste, vAkkAyamanobhiH susaMyataH, sa sadAcAravAn iti / / kAyena saMvutA dhIrA atho vAcAya sNvutaa| manasA saMvutA dhIrA te ve suparisaMvutA ||dhmmpd 17-14 na iccheyya adhammena smiddhimttno| sa sIlavA paJcavA dhammiko siyA // dhamma0 6-9 yathAgAraM succhannaM vuTThI na samativijjhati / evaM subhAvitaM cittaM rAgona samativijjhati // dhamma0 1-14 AcArasya mahattvam-AcAra eva sadAcAra-zikSaNena, zIlaviniyogena, vinayasampAdanena, dhRti-dAkSyAdiguNa-saMvardhanena, zArIrika-bauddhikamAnasikonnatipradAnena jagadidaM bibharti / ataeva manunA vyAdizyate yat sadAcAra eva sAkSAd dhrmH| vedaH smRtiH sadAcAraH svasya ca priyamAtmanaH / etaccaturvidhaM prAhuH sAkSAt dharmasya lakSaNam // manu0 2-12 sadAcArapAlanenaiva zreSThatvaM guNotkRSTatvaM cAsAdyate / yo hyAcArAd hInaH, na sa vedaphalamaznute / AcAreNa ca saMyuktaH sarvAM siddhi samadhigacchati / sadAcAra evaM sarveSAM tapasAM mUlam / sadAcAravihInasya sarvA'pi kriyA niSphalaiva / AcArahInaM na vedAdayo'pi pAvayitaM kSamante / AcArAd vicyuto vipro na vedaphalamaznute / AcAreNa tu saMyuktaH sampUrNaphalabhAga bhavet // manu0 1.109 sarvasya tapaso mUlamAcAraM jagahuH param // manu0 1-110 vedAstyAgAzca yajJAzca niyamAzca tapAMsi c| na vipraduSTabhAvasya siddhi gacchanti kahicit // manu0 2-97 AcArahInaM na pananti vedaaH|| AcArasyopayogitatvam-AcAra eva jagati sarvArthasAdhakaH / AcArA

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f 200 saMskRtanibandhazatakam deva dIrghAyuSyaM samunnatirdhanAvAptiH kulkssnnnivRttishc| ataevAcAravarNane viSNusmRtau nirdizyate nAzlolaM kIrtayet / nAnRtam / nApriyam / dharmaviruddhau cArthakAmau / lokavidviSTaM ca dharmamapi / viSNusmRti AcArAllabhate cAyurAcArAdIpsitAM gatim / / AcArAd dhanamakSayyam AcArAda hantyalakSaNam // viSNusmRti / sarvalakSaNahIno'pi yaH sadAcAravAn nrH| zradadhAno'nasUyazca zataM varSANi jIvati // viSNusmRti vidvajjanAdRtaM satpuruSAnuSThitaM dezIyAcArasaMnaddhaM pAramparikakramAgatam AcAramapi saMgRhNanti vijJAH sadAcAre / uktaM ca manunA yasmin deze ya AcAraH paarmprykrmaagtH| varNAnAM sAntarAlAnAM sa sadAcAra ucyate // manu0 2-18 vRttaM yatnena saMrakSet-jIvane yadi vidyate kiMcana zAzvataM tattvam, tarhi tad vRttam eva / caritrameva puruSasya sarvasvam / caritrarakSaNenaiva mAnavatvaM devatvaM ca / tadabhAve dAnavatvaM pizAcatvaM ca / caritraM hi jIvanasya sarvasvam / tadeva sarvathA saMrakSyam / uktaM ca vRttaM yatnena saMrakSed vittameti ca yAti c| akSINo vittataH kSINo vRttatastu hato hataH // mahAbhArata AGglabhASAyAmapi sUktaM kenApiIf we alth is lost nothing is lost. If health is lost something is lost. If character is lost everything is lost. indriyasaMyamenaiva sarvAbhISTAvAptirmanorathAnAM siddhizca / uktaM ca viSNusmRtI damaH pavitraM paramaM maGgalyaM paramaM dmH| damena sarvamApnoti yat kiMcinmanasecchati // viSNusmRti . suvRttaireva zobhante prabandhAH sajjanA iva-yathA satkavipraNItAni kAvyAni suvRttairmAdhuryopetaiH sundarachandobhiH zobhante, tathaiva sajjanAH savRttena sadAcArapAlanena ca cakAsati / sadvRttasya paripAlanenaiva zrIrAmacandro maryAdApuruSottamatvam alabhata / sadvRttarakSaNArthameva lakSmaNaH zUrpaNakhAyA nAsikAm acchinat / caritrarakSArthameva zatazo rAjarSikanyakA vadhvazca padminIprabhRtayo vIrAGganAzca satItvaM vvire| sadAcArAbhAvAdeva vedazAstra-niSNAto'pi, pulastyamunivaMzajo'pi, brAhmaNo'pi dazAnano rAkSasatvaM prapede / vede'pi AcArasya

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AcAraH paramo dharmaH 201 brahmacaryasya ca mahattvaM varNayatA procyate yad brahmacaryeNaiva devA mRtyuM vijigyire / indro'pi brahmacaryabalenaiva devebhyaH kSemaM dideza / brahmacaryeNa tapasA devA mRtyumupAghnata / ___ indro ha brahmacaryeNa devebhyaH svarAbharat // athavaM0 11-5-19 zIlaM paraM bhUSaNam-jIvane zIlameva sadguNasAdhanam / yatra zIlaM tatraiva dharmaH satyaM tejo balaM ca nivasanti / nahi jagati kicidapyasAdhyaM zIlavatAm / sarveSAM guNAnAmAdhAraH zolam / zIlena tribhuvanamapi jetuM zakyam / uktaM ca mahAbhArate zolena hi trayo lokAH zakyA jetuM na saMzayaH / nahi kicivasAdhyaM vai loke zIlavatA bhavet // mahA0 zIlenaiva nairogyaM tejasvitvaM duHkhaughadhvaMsanaM darzanIyatvaM ca prApyate / nIrogaH kAntisampannaH srvduHkhvijitH|| sadAcArI bhavelloke darzanIyastu sarvadA // mahA0 bhartRhariNA zIlameva sarvaguNAnAM kAraNaM sarvottamam bAbhUSaNaM ca vyaadishyte| sarveSAmapi sarvakAraNamidaM zIlaM paraM bhUSaNam / nItizataka 1-83 mahAtmanA buddhena zolaguNasya mahattvaM vayate yat zIlagandhaH cndntgr-kmlaadi-gndhaanpytishete| zIlavatAM jitendriyANAM samyagjJAnavatAM ca mArga kAmo'pyavarokhUna prabhavati / candanaM tagaraM vApi uppalaM aya vssiko| etesaM ganghajAtAnaM solagandho anuttro||dhmmpd 4-12 tesaM sampannasIlAnaM appmaadvihaarinN| sammada AvimUttAnaM mAro maggaM na vindati ||dhmm04-14 evaM sidhyati yad AcAra eva sarvonnatisAdhakaH paramo dharmazceti / sAdhUcyate-AcAraH paramo dharmaH /

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57. strIzikSAyA AvazyakatopayogitA ca zikSAyAH svarUpam-zikSA nAma jIvane zubhAzubhAvabodhanI puNyApuNyavivecanI hitAhitanidarzanI kRtyAkRtyanirdezanI samunnatisAdhikA'vanatinAzanI sadbhAvAvirbhAvayitrI durbhAvatirodhAtrI AtmasaMskRtihetarmanasaH prasAdayitrI, dhiyaH pariSkI, saMyamasya sAdhayitrI, damasya dAtrI, dhairyasya dhAtrI, zIlasya zIlayitrI, sadAcArasya saMcArayitrI, puNyapravRtteH prerayitrI, duSpravRtterdamayitrI, samagrasukhanidhAnA, zAnteH saraNiH, pauruSasya pAvanI, kAcidapUrvA zaktiriha nikhile'pi bhuvne| samAzrityaivaitAM sUdhiyo vizvahitaM samAjahitaM jAtihitaM ca cikIrSanti, lokasya duHkha-dAvAgni saMjihorSanti, dInAnapacikIrSanti, sadbhAvAnAdhitsanti, durbhAvAn jihAsanti, satkarma vidhitsanti, duSkarma jihIpaMnti, AtmAnaM mumukSante ca / yatheyaM narANAM hitasAdhayitrI sukhasAdhanI ca, tathaiva strINAmapi kRte'nivAryA sukhazAntisAdhikA samunnatimUlA ca / yathA ca nAntareNa zikSAM puruSairabhyudayAvAptiH sulabhA sukarA ca, tathaiva strINAM kRte'pi samadhigantavyam / narazca nArI ca dvAvevaitau sadgRhasthasurathasya cakradvayam / yathA cakreNaikena na rathasya gativitrI, evaM sarvArthasAdhinI striyamantareNa na gRhastha-rathasya pragatiH sukarA / sati viduSi nare sahadharmacAriNI cet sacchikSAparihINA, na dAmpatyaM sukhAvaham / dvayoreva guNairdharmeNa jJAnena vidyayA zIlena saujanyena ca gArhasthyaM sukhamAvahatItyagantavyam / yathA nareNa jJAnamantarA samunnatirdubhA, tathaiva striyA'pi / etarhi puruSazikSAvat strIzikSApyanivAryA''vazyakI ca / strIzikSAyA AvazyakatA-yadi vicAradRzA vimRzyate parIkSyate ced bhUyasyAvazyakatA'nubhUyate strIzikSAyAH / striya evaitA mAtRzakteH pratIkabhUtAH / nisargAdevaitAsu patatyuttaradAyitvaM zizobharaNasya poSaNasya ca, gRhasya saMcAlanasya saMsthApanasya ca / gRhasthajIvanasya sukhasya zAntazca, parivAraprapuSTeH kuTumbabharaNasya ca, zvazurazvazrvoH zuzrUSAyAH paricaryAyAzca, zizoH zaizave zikSaNasya prazikSaNasya ca, zizau satsaMskArAdhAnasya sacchIlanidhAnasya ca, bhartuH sahayogasya sadbhAvonnayanasya ca, abhyAgatasaparyAyA lokahitasampAdanasya ca / anAsAdya vaiduSyaM na saMbhAvyate strobhiH svIyottaradAyitvaparipAlanam / vaiduSyalAbhAya ca na kevalaM vividhagranthaparizIlanameva paryAptama, apitu vyAvahArikINAM vividhAnAM vidyAnAM vijJAnAnAM ca parijJAnamapi teSAM kRte'nivAryam / vividhakalAkalApakauzalamavApyaiva pAryate dAmpatyajIvanaM madhuraM sukhAvaham AnandarasAvasiktaM ca sampAdayitum / vizadIbhavatyetasmAd yanmAnavazikSaNavat nArIzikSA'pi nitraamaavshykii| jJAnavijJAnakauzalamadhigacchati ced dvayyapi

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strIzikSAyAH AvazyakatopayogitA ca 203 naranAryostarhi na kevalaM teSAmeva jIvanaM sukhazAntisamanvitaM bhavitA'pi tu samAjahitaM rASTrahitaM vizvahitaM ca saMbhAvyate taiH sampAdayitum / strIzikSAyAH svarUpam -- urarIkriyate cet strIzikSAyA AvazyakatA tahi bahavo'nuyogAH purato'vatiSThante / tadyathA - kiM syAt strIzikSAyAH svarUpam ? kIdRzI zikSA tAsAM hitakarI bhavitumarhati ? kumArANAM kumArINAM ca sahazikSA zreyaskarI na veti ? viSayeSveSu naikamatyaM matimatAm / kumArINAM zikSA kumArANAM zikSAvadeva syAt / tatra nocitaH kazcana pratibandhaH / jIvanasaMgrAme sAmyamUlA syAt tAsu vyavahRtirityeke AtiSThante / anye tu naranAryoH naisargiko bhedo'pauruSeyaH, teSAM kAryazaktirasamA, teSAM vyavahArakSetraM viparItam, teSAM vRttibheda ityAsthAya zikSAyAmapi vaividhyaM hitakaramAkalayanti / ucitaM caitat pratibhAti / nAryo hi mAtRzakteH pratIkabhUtA ityuktapUrvam / tAsAM kRte saiva zikSA zreyo vitanituM prabhavati yA mAtRzaktimUlabhUtAn guNAn unnayeta / tAsu zIlaM saukumAryaM sadbhAvaM snehaM vAtsalyaM saccAritryaM dvandvasahiSNutvaM kartavyaniSThatAm AstikyaM cotpAdayet / guNAnAmeteSAmabhAvazcet tAsu, tarhi sakalakalAniSNAtatvamapi tAsAM niSprayojanam / atastAdRzI zikSA hitakarI yA sacchIlAdiguNAdhAnapUrvaka tAsu gRhakalAvaizAradyaM karmaniSThatAM sadgRhiNItvabuddhimutpAdayet / " strIzUdrau nAdhIyAtAm" ityatra na zraddadhati sudhiyaH sAmpratam / lokavyavahArajJAnavihInAnAM keSAmapyuktiriti teSAM matam / 1 strIzikSAyAH pRthag vyavasthA - kumArANAM kumArINAM ca sahazikSAviSaye vaimatyamadhunA'pi saMlakSyate viduSAm / zaizave sahazikSA saMbhavati / na ta vyAvahArikI kliSTatA / yauvane'pi sahazikSA zreyaskarIti na vaktuM sukaram / vyavahAradRzA dRzyate cet tarhi samApatati yad yauvane sahazikSA na tathA hitasAdhanI, yathA'hitasAdhanI / ato yAvacchakyaM tAvad yauvane pRthak zikSaiva prazasyA / strIzikSAyA upayogitA - suzikSitaiva strI sadgRhiNI satI sAdhvI satkarmaparAyaNA vaMzapratiSThAsvarUpA ca bhavitumarhati / saiva sadvRttAdisadguNagaNAnvitAM saMtati vidhAtumISTe / striya eva mAtRbhUtAH savaMzaM sadrASTraM ca nirmAtuM prabhavanti / AhnikakriyAkalApavikalo mAnavo na tathA'patyeSu satsaMskArAdhAne prabhavati, yathA mAtaraH / ata: mAtRzakteH zAstreSu mahad gauravamanuzrUyate / uktaM ca manunA yatra nAryastu pUjyante ramante tatra devatAH // manu0 3-56 anyatra cocyate mAtRdevo bhava / taitti0 upa0 1-11-2

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204 saMskRtanibandhazatakam sahasraM tu pitRn mAtA gauraveNAtiricyate / manu0 2-145 piturdazaguNaM mAtA gauraveNAtiricyate // gRhAdhiSThAtRdevatAtvAt sA gRhiNI, gRhasvAminI, gRhalakSmIrityAdi - zabdeH sNstuuyte| tatsattvAdeva gRhaM gRhamityucyate / ucyate ca - 'na gRhaM gRhamityAhurgRhiNI gRhamucyate / ' Rgvede'pi 'jAyedastam' gRhiNyeva gRhamiti pratipAdyate / evaM mAtaraH striyazca sarvatraiva samAdaramarhanti / dezasya samAjasya ca samunnatyai strIzikSA nitarAmAvazyakItyavagantavyam /

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58. vijJAnasya lAbhA doSAzca vijJAnasya yugam-viMzatitamazatAbdyA vartamAnaH kAlo vijJAnayugaM gaNyate / sarvato vijJAnavArtA pracarati / pade pade, sthAne sthAne, pratinagara, pratigrAma pratigRhaM ca vijJAnasyAzrayaNenaiva karmasiddhiH saMjAyate / nahi tAdRzaM kimapi karma yatra vijJAnaM nApekSyeta, vijJAnaM vopekSyeta, vijJAnasya sAhAyyaM vA nAbhISTaM syAt / gamane, paThane, bhASaNe, vAgvyavahAre, bhojanAdikarmaNi, yAtAyAte, saMvAdasaMpreSaNe, cikitsAkSetre, manoraJjanakarmaNi, dUradezayAtrAsu, vastunirmANe, annotpAdane, vastranirmANe, kRSikarmaNi, bhavananirmANe, vyApAre, vANijye, vaijJAnikAnusandhAne, candrAdigrahaprAptI, vilAsitA-sAmagrI-saMkalane ca sarvatraiva vijJAnam apekssyte| vijJAnasya lAbhAH-vijJAnamantareNa sAmpratikyAM sthitau jIvananirvAho'pi suduSkaraH / vaijJAnikA AviSkArA jIvanopayogivastunirmANena pratipalaM mAnava sabhyatAyAH saMskRtezca vikAsam Avahanti / sarveSu kSetreSu vidyudupayogo navInAmeva sRSTimutpAdayati / sarvaireva sabhyatamairlokaH pratikSaNaM vidyudupayogaH kriyate kAryate ca / saukaryAya sovidhyAya ca vidyudupayogo mAnavajIvanAGgatvena prinntH| vidyutA vidyudvyajanAni ( fans ) saMcAlyante, bhojanaM pacyate, gRhAdikaM vAtAnukUlitaM (Air-conditioned ) vidhIyate, yantrazAlAH ( factories ) saMcAlyante, vastrAdayo nirmIyante, bhavanAdayaH prakAzyante ca / na kevalametadeva, api tu vidyutA vidyudyAnAni ( Electric Trains ), yantrazAlAH, jalapotAH ( Ships ), vimAnAni ca sNcaalynte| __ yAtAyAta-sAdhaneSu relayAnAnAm ( Trains ), moTarayAnAnAm ( Motor Cars ), vimAnAnAm, jalayAna-panaDubbI-moTara sAikilasAikila-skUTara-prabhRtInAm AviSkArAd yAtAyAte tAdRzaM saukayaM saJjAtaM yathA sahasrayojanadUramapi sthAnam alpiSThanaiva kAlena prAptuM paaryte| sthAnakRtaM dUratvaM tu samAptaprAyameva / vividhayantrazAlAnAM nirmANAt sarvavidhaM dainikajIvanopayogi vastu jAtam anAyAsenAsAdyate / evaM vizvasabhyatAyA vizvasaMskRtezca vikAse mahad yogadAnaM vijJAnasya / / ___kaimarA-sinemA-grAmophona-TelIvijana-reDiyo-TrAnjisTara-prabhRtInAm AvikArAd manoraJjanasya pracuraM sauvidhyaM saMlakSyate / tAra-TelIphona-vAyaralesaprabhRtInAm AviSkArAt saMvAda-saMpreSaNa-paddhatau saMcAravyavasthAyAM ca prabhUtaM saukaryam avApyate / mudraNAlaya ( Printing Press)-roTarI mazIna-TAiparAiTara-TeparikArDara-sAiklosTAilamazIna-prabhRtInAm AviSkArAt jJAnavijJAna-saMvAda-saMcArakSetre'bhUtapUrvA krAntidarIdRzyate /

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206 saMskRtanibandhazatakam cikitsAkSetre eksa-re-alTrAvAyaleTa reja-prabhRtInAm AviSkArAt navyA sRtireva smudbhuutaa| vijJAna-sAhAyyenaiva hRdaya-parivartanam, aGgaparivartanam, strIpuruSaliGgaparivartanam, asAdhyarogopazamanam, sarvamapyetad azrutapUrva prtykssiikriyte| ijIniyariMga-kSetre'pi tAdRzyevApUrvA camatkRtinirIkSyate / yuddhasAmagrIviSaye tu eTamabama-hAiDrojana bama-nApAma bama-megATana bama-TaiMka-merIna-sabamerInamazInagana-rADAra-rAkeTa-prabhRtInAm AviSkArAd yuddhaprakriyAyAm AmUlacUlaM parivartanaM saMlakSyate / evaMvidhairAviSkAraiH kSaNenaiva kimapi nagaram, ko'pi dezaH svakIyaH parakIyo vA, sudUrAvasthenaiva agnisAt, bhasmasAt, jalasAt, pralayasAd vA kapAryate / evaM vijJAyate yad vijJAnena kimapyapUrvameva jagadidaM vihitam / vijJAnasya doSAH-yadi vijJAnasya doSA vivicyante vizliSyante cet tarhi doSapakSo'pi tathaiva prAbalyaM dhatte / tatrApi bahu nigadituM zakyam / yathaiva mahadupakRtaM mAnavasaMsRtevijJAnena, tathaiva prabhUtamapakRtamapi / tatra samAsataH kecana doSA upsthaapynte| vijJAnena jIvanam asaMyatam, caritrahInam, dharmahInam, svAsthyahInam, manobalahInam, icchAzaktihInam, Adhi-vyAdhi-grastam, cintA-sahasra-nicitam, vyAdhi-sahasropacitam, karmaThatAvirahitam, sAlasaM ca vyadhAyi / dharmAbhAve, AstikyabuddhayabhAve, cAritrikotkarSAbhAve ca kIdRzI samunnatiH, kIdRzo vA vikAsa iti na zakyaM varNayitum / rogopazamanArtha satsvapi sahasrazo bheSajeSu rogAH surasArAkSasImukhavad vardhante / vijJAnaprabhAveNa tathA jIvane pratispardhA vRddhimupAgatA, yathA pratispardhAyAmeva jIvanaM rASTra samAjo vA saMkSayamupaiti / vaijJAnike vikAse sadAcArasya sahAnubhUteH zIlasya vinayasya ca sthAnameva nopalabhyate / dhIratvam, vIratvam, Astikyam, tapaHpUtatvam, sneha-zraddhA-bhaktayaH, sadAcArazca tuSAra-pAta-hatakamalAnIva mlAyante, hIyante, vinazyanti ca / / vaijJAnike'smin yuge dhanino dhanavattarAH, nirdhanA nirdhanatarAzca saMlakSyante / Astikyasya, pAvanatvasya, sadvRttatvasya ca nAmAnyapi vilupyante / bhautikonnatilipsAyAM satyAM vizvazAnteH, vizvapremNaH, vizvadharmasya, vizvakalyANAdikasya ca svAntasaMskarvI sarvodayapravaNA pUtA bhAvanaiva na mAnasapATalaM jAgarayati / tatprabhAveNaiva varNeSu vargeSu jAtiSu samAjeSu rASTraSu ca pratispardhA, zatrutvabhAvanA, parasaMhAracintA, parArthanAzanapUrvakaM svArthasAdhanakAmanA, cAnudinaM smedhte| vidyutaH prayogAdupayogAcca mRtAnAM mriyamANAnAM ca saMkhyA bhUyasI / vijJAnametad mAnavaM dAnavatvena paryaNamayat / tatprabhAvAd anurAgasthAne vidveSi

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207 vijJAnasya lAbhA doSAzca tvam, sahAnubhUtisthAne parApakRtiH, cAritrikazikSAsthAne duzcaritratvam, vinayazIlAdi-sthAne dhASTyaM ca pravartate / saMhArakAstrANAm aNubamaprabhRtInAm AviSkArAt sakalaM jagat cintAgrastam AtaGkitaM kSubdhaM ca varIvati / sAmpratikaM vijJAnaM bAliza-karagatakhaDga iva na tathA lAbhAya yathA vinAzAya hAnAya ca, na tathA sukhadaM yathA duHkhadam, na tathA cintAtrANaM yathA cintAjananam, na tathA vikAsAya yathA vinAzAya pravartate / yantrAdIni mAnavopakaraNAni sahAyatvena sevakatvena ca pravartitAni sAmprataM mAnava-svAmitvameva bhajante / / __ upasaMhAraH-vijJAnaM tIkSNam Ayudhamiva ubhayamapi sAdhayituM zaknotizatrunAzanam AtmanAzanaM ca / yadi vijJAne dharmaH, Astikyam, sadvRttAcaraNam, parArthacintanaM ca saMgRhyante tarhi vijJAnasya doSA api guNatvena, dUSaNamapi bhUSaNatvena, durguNA api sadguNatvena, duHkhAni ca sukhatvena prinnNsynte| .

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59. cAturvaNyaM mayA sRSTaM guNakarmavibhAgazaH (1. varNavyavasthA; 2. jAti-prathAyA doSAH) kA nAma varNavyavasthA-vaidikakAlAd Arabhya bhArate'smin varNavyavasthA prasarIsati / varNazabdena kim abhipretam, iti jijJAsAyAM 'varNo vRNote.' (nirukta ) / mAnavaH svajIvana-nirvAhAthaM yAM kAmapi vRttim Azrayate, tadanusArameva tasya varNanirNayaH / pravRttivaividhyam anurudhya mAnavazarIra-samAlocanapUrvakaM cAturvarNyavyavasthA prvrtitaa| . mAnava-zarIraM caturdhA vibhaktuM zakyate-1. zirobhAgaH, jJAnendriyamanobuddhisamanvitaH; 2. hastI, grahaNa-dAnAdAna-rakSaNa-sAdhanabhUto; 3. udarapradhAno madhyabhAgaH, pAcanakriyAsaMbaddho'zitamannaM raktAdirUpeNa parivartya zarIrasthitisAdhakazca; 4. pAdo, gamanAgamanAdisAdhako zarIrasthitipravRttipravartako c| evameva rASTra samAjo'pi caturdhA vibhajyate / 1. brAhmaNo jJAnakAyaMsaMbaddhaH, 2. kSatriyo rakSAkAyaMsaMbaddhaH, 3. vaizyaH kRSivANijyAdi-saMbaddhaH, 4. zUdraH zuzrUSAkAryasaMbaddhazca / etadevAbhipretya Rgvede yajurvede'tharvavede gItAyAM ca cAturvaNryam ullikhyte| brAhmaNo'sya mukhamAsId bAhU rAjanyaH kRtH| UrU tavasya yad vaizyaH padbhyAM zUdro ajAyata // yaju0 31-11 cAturvaNyaM mayA sRSTaM gunnkrmvibhaagshH| tasya kartAramapi mAM viddhayakartAramavyayam // gItA 4-13 brAhmaNasya kartavyam-manusmRtI gItAyAM ca brAhmaNasya kartavyaM nirdizyate yad adhyayanam, adhyApanam , yajanama, yAjanam, dAnam,pratigrahaH, zama-dama-zaucakSAnti-kSamA-AjavAdi-guNayuktatvam, jJAna-vijJAnayoH samutkRSTatvaM ca brAhmaNasya kartavyam / adhyApanamadhyayanaM yajanaM yAjanaM tthaa| ghAnaM pratigrahazcaiva brAhmaNAnAmakalpayat // manu0 1-88 zamo damastapaH zaucaM kSAntirArjavameva ca / jJAnaM vijJAnamAstikyaM brahmakarma svabhAvajam // gItA 18-42 kSatriyasya kartavyam-prajAnAM saMrakSaNam, dAnam, yajanam, adhyayanam, viSayeSvanAsaktiH, zauryam, dhairyam, dAkSyam, yuddhe'palAyanam, dAnam, prabhutvaM ca kSatriyANAM kartavyam avdhaaryte| prajAnAM rakSaNaM dAnamijyA'dhyayanameva ca / viSayeSvaprasaktizca kSatriyasya samAdizat // manu0 1-89

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209 pApurvavaM nayA sRSTaM guNakarmavibhAgazaH zaurya tejo pratikSyiM yuddhe cApyapalAyanam / dAnamIzvarabhAvazca kSAtraM karma svabhAvajam // gItA 18-43 mahAkavinA kAlidAsena 'kSatAt kila trAyata ityudanaH kSatrasya zabdo bhuvaneSu rUDhaH' ( raghu0 2-53 ) ityatra kSateH vipado vA rakSaNaM kSatriyasya krtvymitybhidhiiyte| vaizyasya kartavyam-vaizyasya kartavyaM nirdizyate-pazUnAM rakSaNam, dAnam, yajanam, adhyayanam, vyApAraH, vANijyam, kusIdavRttiH kRSizceti / pazUnAM rakSaNaM dAnamijyA'dhyayanameva c| vaNikpathaM kusIdaM ca vaizyasya kRSimeva ca // manu01-90 kRSi-gaurakSyavANijyaM vaizyakarma svabhAvajam / gItA 18-44 zUdrasya kartavyam-zUdrasya zilpakAryam, sarveSAM varNAnAM ca zuzrUSaNaM kartavyam abhidhiiyte|| ekameva tu zUdrasya prabhuH karma samAdizat / sarveSAmeva varNAnAM zuzrUSAmanasUyayA // manu0 1-91 paricaryAtmakaM karma zUdrasyApi svabhAvajam // gotA 18-44 varNavyavasthAyA upayogitA-varNavyavasthA parIkSyate ced gItAyA vacanametat samarthayate yat cAturvaNyaM guNakarmAnusArameva pravRttam / vibhAjanasya kiM kAraNam ? ka AdhAra ityanuyoge procyate yad mAnaveSu kecana naisargikAH sahajAzca guNadoSA upalabhyante / tanmUlakameva pravRttivaividhyam / pravRttibhedAcca vRttibhedaaH| vRttibhedAcca varNabhedaH / varNabhedAcca kriyAbhinnatvam / ataeva gItAyAM nigadyate brAhmaNakSatriyavizAM zUdrANAM ca prntp| ___ karmANi pravibhaktAni svbhaavprbhvairgunnaiH|| gItA 18-41 varNavyavasthAyA vaijJAnikatvam-dArzanikadRSTayA, manovaijJAnikadRSTayA, vaijJAnikadRSTayA ca samAjaH paryAlocyate cet tarhi caturvidhA pravRttirmAnavAnAM saMlakSyate / 1. sattvapradhAnA, 2. sattvarajomizritA, 3. rajastamomizritA, 4. tamaHpradhAnA c| prakRtergaNatrayAtmakatvAt prakRtivikRtAvapi guNatrayasamanvayo nirvivaadH| 'sattvaM laghu prakAzakam' (sAMkhyakArikA 13 ) / evaM ye sattvaguNopetA jJAnavijJAnapravaNA AdhyAtmikatA-AstikyAdiguNasaMvItAzca te brAhmaNAH / 'upaSTambhakaM calaM ca rajaH' ( sAMkhya0 13) / rajoguNe prerakatvaM kriyAzIlatvaM ca / ato ye sattvarajomizritAste ksstriyaaH| 'guru varaNakameva tamaH' (sAMkhya0 13) / tamoguNe AvarakatvaM kriyArAhityaM ca / evaM ye rajastamomizritAste vaishyaaH| ye sarvathA tamaHpradhAnAste zUdrAH / evaM dArzanikadRSTayA

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210 saMskRtanibandhazatakam varNavyavasthAyA aucityaM suvyavasthitatvaM cAvagamyate / ataeva gItAyAM pratipAdyate yad nahi loke kiMcid vastu guNatrayavyapetam / sarvaM triguNAtmakameva / na tadasti pathivyAM vA divi deveSa vA punH| sattvaM prakRtijairmuktaM yadebhiH syAt tribhirgunnH|| gItA 18-40 guNakarmAnusAraM varNavyavasthA-varNavyavasthA parIkSyate cet sA guNakarmAnusAraM prAvartata / yaH kazcana tat karma kuryAt sa taM varNam Azrayet / svakarmaNaiva brAhmaNo vaizyatvaM zUdratvaM cApadyata / evameva satkarmANyanurudhya zUdro'pi brAhmaNatvaM prapede / nahi varNavyavasthA janmAnusAriNI janmamUlA ca / ataeva manunA karmAnusAraM varNaviparyayo nirdizyate zUdro brAhmaNatAmeti brAhmaNazcaiti shuudrtaam| kSaH yAjjAtamevaM tu vidyAd vaizyAt tathaiva ca // manu0 10-65 manunA sphuTaM nirdizyate yad vedam anadhIyAno brAhmaNaH saparivAraH zUdratvam aapdyte| yo'nadhItya dvijo vedamanyatra kurute zramam / sa jIvanneva zUdratvamAzu gacchati saanvyH|| manu0 2-168 ApastambadharmasUtre'pyetadeva vizadIkriyate yad dharmacaryayA varNotkarSa labhate, adharmacaryayA ca varNApakarSam / dharmacaryayA jaghanyo varNaH pUrva pUrva varNamApadyate jAtiparivRttau / adharmacaryayA pUrvo varNo jaghanyaM jaghanyaM varNamApadyate jAtiparivRttau / Apastamba0 1-2 jAtiprathAyA doSAH-varNavyavasthaiva svasthAnAt pracyutA parastAd jAtiprathAm aapnnaa| tadA ca janmamUlakameva jAtevibhAjanaM saMpannam / etadatrAvadheyaM yad varNavyavasthAyA mUlaM vRttiH karma guNo vA'vartata / jAtiprathAyAzca mUlaM janmamAtram / seyaM jAtiprathA sarvavidhadoSasaMvalitA lakSyate / tatra guNakarmaNoH prAdhAnyAbhAvAd vidvaSAH, uccAvacatvabhAvanA, varNasAMkaryam, sajAtIya-vijAtIya-virodhAH, spRzyAspRzyatvadoSaH, sagdhisapItyAdau utkRSTatvApakRSTatvAdijaghanya-vicAra-carcA / evaMvidhA bhUyAMso doSAH saMpravartante / ataeva bhAratIyaivaidezikaizca vidvadbhirjAtiprathA sarvadoSAlayeti nindyate gote ca / evaM vijJAyate yad varNavyavasthA samAjonnatisAdhikA lokahitakAriNI vaijJAnikI cAsti / jAtiprathA nUnaM doSAvahA kalaGkAspadA ca /

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60. mahaSirdayAnandaH ( dayAnanda-guNa-gauravam ) guNAnAmAdhAro vidita-zrutizAstrArthanicayaH samaddhartA bhartA ptitjncittaatihrnnH| nayannAtmotsarga parahitarataH svArthavirato dayAnandaH svAmI jayatu bhuvane bhaaskrruciH|| ( kapilasya) jIvanavRttam-ayaM mahAtmA gujarAta-prAntAntargata-TaMkArAnagare 1824 IsavIye jani lebhe| asya pitRvaryaH karSaNajItivArI mAtRvaryA rukmiNI cAstAm / zAstravidhimanusRtya janako'sya dazame'hani mUlazaMkara ( mUlajI) iti nAmadheyam akarot / aSTame saMvatsare enamupAnayat / prApte tu trayodaze varSe janaka enaM zivarAtrivratam Adideza | zivarAtrivatakAle sa nizIthe zivottamAGgam AsAdya naivedyam aznantaM mUSakamekam adrAkSIt / tadA cintApihitavRttirmanasodvelitaH pitaraM zivasvarUpam aprAkSIt-kimayaM mUrtaH zivaH satyaH ? utAho satyaH zivo'nya eva ? janako'sya tajjijJAsAsamAdhAne'kSamo'bhUt / tadA sa satyaM zivam anveSTuM pratyajAnAt / gRhe svabhaginyAH pitavyasya ca nidhanam Alokya kathaM mokSAvAptirjanmamRtyubandhananivRttizca syAditi vairAgyam udabhUt / sa gRhaM pitarau ca parityajya vanamagAt / tatra sAdhusaMgatyA'pi na tRpti lebhe / pUrNAnandayateH saMnyAsaM gRhItvA 'dayAnandasarasvatI' ityAkhyAM jagAma / tato himAlayaM prApya tpshckre| pazcAcca virajAnandayatIzvarANAM khyAti saMzrutya tadantikam avApa / tasmAd jJAnabhAskarAd vyAkaraNAdikam adhyaiSTa / vedazAstrAdizikSAm avApya gurudakSiNArUpeNa tasmai lavaGgAni prAyacchat / guruzca taM samAdizat-'vedavidyA vidyotaya, zAstrANi samullAsaya, bhuvane vaidikadharmajyotiH prajvalaya, satyazAstrANi samuddhara, matamatAntaraprasAritAm avidyAnizIthinIm apasAraya, pASaNDatati samunmUlaya' iti / ____kAzyAM 10 navambara, 1869 IsavIye 'mUrtipUjA vedaviruddhA' iti viSayamAzritya tasya kAzIsthairvidvadbhiH zAstrArtho babhUva / tatra ca vijayazrIrenam avaNot / tasya vijayodghoSastadAnIntanaiH samAcArapatraiH pAyonIyara-hindujJAnapradAyinI-prabhRtibhiH prasAritaH / sa 12 apraila, 1875 IsavIye mumbApuryA sarvaprathamam AryasamAjam asthApayat / bhAratavarSasya vibhinnapradezeSu pracArAdividhinA vaidikadharmasiddhAntAn prAsArayat / jodhapuranagare 29 sitambara, 1883 IsavIye nanhInAmnyA vezyAyA vazago bhUtvA'sya pAcako jagannAtho dUgdhe viSaM

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212 saMskRtanibandhazatakam saMmizrayainaM prAdAt / tatazca sa 30 akTUbara, 1883 IsavIye maGgalavAsare dIpAvali-parvaNi jJAnarAziryatIzvaro'yaM bhautikaM zarIraM vihAya yazaHzeSatAm ayAt / kRtayaH tasya prathitatamAH kRtayaH santi-RgvedabhASyam, yajurvedabhASyam, RgvedAdibhASyabhUmikA, satyArthaprakAzaH, saMskAravidhiH, gokaruNAnidhiH, vyavahArabhAnuH, AryAbhivinaya-prabhRtayaH / tatra nairuktaprakriyAm Azritya kRtaM vedabhASyaM vedAnAM gauravaM sarvajJAnanidhAnatvaM ca pratiSThApayati / satyArthaprakAzo vizvavAGmayasya prakAzastambhaH / so'yaM svasiddhAntasamarthanena parapakSanirasanena cAbhuvanaM prathatetamAm / samAjasudhArako rASTroddhArakaca-bhAratavarSe samAjasudhArakeSu maharSidayAnando muurdhnyH| tasya samAjasudhArakAryeSu sarvotkRSTatvaM pAzcAttyairapi manISibhiH sAhlAdam udghoSyate / sa maharSireva janmamUlAM jAtiprathAM nirasya guNakarmAnasAraM varNavyasthAM vedAbhimatAm aghoSayat / samAje pracalitaM baddhamUlam anarthamUlaM ca sarvavidhamapi pASaNDaM prapaJcam, dhArmikamandhAnukaraNam, andhavizvAsa bhUtapretAdipravAdaM ca nirAkarot / mUrtipUjaiSA sarvavidhAyAH pASaNDaparamparAyA AdhArabhUteti nirNIya, asyA vedaviruddhatvaM cAvagatya, yukti-pramANa-puraHsaraM mUrtipUjAm akhaNDayat / mRtAnAM pitRNAM zrAddha-tarpaNAdividhirapi vedaviruddha eveti sa pratyapAdayat / mAtRzakterunnatimantareNa na dezonnatiH saMbhavatIti vicAraMvicAraM strIzikSAyAM balaM nyadhAt / sa eva strIzikSAyAH sarvaprathamapracArakatvenAbhinandyate / sa ArSapaddhatimanusRtya gurukulasaMsthApanAsamakAlameva kanyAgurukUlapaddhatimapi prAvartayat / aspRzyoddhAraviSaye sa mahAtmano gAndheragradUtaH / sa vAlavivAham ahitakaramiti nizcitya nyaSedhayat / vidhavAvivAham, vidhavAzramam, anAthAlayAdikaM ca prAvartayat / rASTrabhASAyA hindIbhASAyA api pravartane tasyApUrva yogadAnam / gurjaradezIyo'pi san, saMskRtabhASAniSNAto'pi san, lokahitabhAvanayA AryabhASAM hindIbhASAmeva lekhanasya pracArasya ca mAdhyamaM cakre / hindIbhASApracAre AryasamAjasya yathA yogadAnam, na tathA'nyasya kasyacidapi samAjasya / sa vedAdhyayanam AryANAM paramakartavyam amanyata / ataeva sa vedAdhyayane tIva balaM nyadhAt / vedA evAryajAteH pramANatvena saMmAnyA granthAH santi, ityevaM so'ghoSayat / bhArate zikSAprasAre tanmatamanurudhya pravartitAnAM DI0 e0 bI0 kAlejaprabhRtInAM mahattvapUrNa yogadAnam / rASTriyatA-jAgaraNe'pi tasya viziSTaM yogadAnam / 1857 IsavIye saMjAtAyAM rASTriyakrAntau tasya maharSeH parokSa

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maharSidayAnandaH 215 yogadAnamabhUditi aitihyavidbhinizcapracaM pratipAdyate / satyArthaprakAze sphuTaM tena pratipAdyate yad nikRSTamapi svarAjyaM zreyovahAdapi parakIyAd rAjyA zreyaskaram / _ 'koI kitanA ho kare, parantu jo svadezIya rAjya hotA hai, vaha sarvopari uttama hotA hai| athavA matamatAntara ke Agraha-rahita, apane aura parAye kA pakSapAtazUnya, prajA para pitA-mAtA ke samAna kRpA, nyAya aura dayA ke sAtha videziyoM kA rAjya bhI pUrNa sukhadAyaka nahIM hai|' satyArthaprakAza, aSTama samullAsa, pRSTha 145 bhAratIya-gaurava-saMrakSaNArthameva sa 'kRNvanto vizvamAryam' ityaghoSayat / saMskRtabhASAyAH pracAraH prasArazca tasya jIvanasyoddezyam / vaidikI dRSTimavaSTabhya yajJasya mahattvam, pazubalivirodham, sandhyopAsanAdInAm upayogitvam, nirAkArasyezvarasyopAsanam, vedaviruddhatvAd mUrtipUjAyA nirAkaraNam, pazcayajJAnAM SoDazasaMskArANAM cAvazyakaraNIyatvaM pratyapAdayat / / hindu-dharmAntargata-kurItInAm, andhavizvAsAnAM ca yAvajjIvanaM virodham azikSayat / sa eva hindu-dharma-vighaTanaM nyarodhayat / zuddhi-AndolanaM pravatyaM yavana-Isu-matAnuyAyinAmapi zuddhi vidhAya tAn vaidikadharme adIkSayat / evaM vaidikadharmasya zreSThatvaM pratyapAdayat / upasaMhAraH-evaM maharSeH kAryAnuzIlanena sphuTametad avagamyate yat sa krAntadarzI, nirbhIkaH, niHsvArthaH, dharmaparAyaNaH, parArthaMkadhIH, dIna-hIna-patitarakSakaH,zoSitapoSakaH, nArIsaMmAna-saMvardhakaH, vaidikadharmapratiSThApakaH, gavAM rakSakaH, gurukulazikSA-paddhati-pravartakaH, mUrtipUjA-avatAravAdAdi-doSa-saMhArakaH, samAjonAyakaH, rASTriyacetanAprabodhakaH, AryajAtiprANarUpaH, ahiMsA-satya brahmacaryamUrtiH, kurotinirodhakaH, yajJAdipravartakaH, bhAratonnatisAdhakazca kazcana mahAtmA mahAyogI mahApuruSazcAsIt /

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61. mahAtmA gAndhiH svAtantryahetu sukhazAntisetu, satyasya ketu ripudhUmaketum / dezonnatau tyaktasamastavittaM, namAmi gAndhi guNagauravAbdhim // ( kapilasya ) jIvanavRttam- mahAtmA gAndhiH 2 akTUbara, 1869 IsavIye kAThiyA - vADa-pradezAntargata-porabandaranAmakaM sthAnaM svajanuSA'laMcakAra / asya pitRvayaM : karmacandragAndhirjananI putalIbAI cAstAm / tasya pitarI sAdhusvabhAvI dharmaniSThau satkarmapravaNaikacittau cAbhUtAm / tadguNAn anusRtya so'pi satyapriyo dharmaniSThazcAbhUt / dvAdazavarSadezIyaH 'kastUrabA ' - nAmnIM divyaguNopetAM kanyAm upayeme / bhArate prArambhika zikSAm avApya vidhAna - vizeSajJatAm avAptum AGgladezam iyAya / tato nivRtya varSadvayaM bhArate prADvivAka - kAryaM saMpAdya dAkSiNAtya-aphrIkAdezam agAt / 1915 IsavIye bhArataM nivRtya bhAratIyasvAtantryAndolane rucim aghoSayat / lokamAnya tilakamahodayAnantaraM rASTrayAndolanasya 1919 IsavIyata Arabhya sUtradhAratvaM bheje / 1919 I0 Arabhya 1947 IsavIyaM yAvad rASTriyAndolanam aitihye 'gAndhiyugam' ityAkhyAm agAt / 30 janavarI, 1948 IsavIye sAyaM SaDvAdane prArthanAsabhAM gacchan nAthUrAmagoDase - nAmnA nRzaMsena golikAghAtaM hato divam ayAsIt / samAjasevA - mahAtmA gAndhirmaharSi dayAnandavat pIDita-zoSita-dalitavarga-vipajjvAlA- dagdha-cetAH, taduddhArekadhIH, kaSTadAvAgni zizirAmbuvad gaNayan samAjotthAne prAvartata / samAja sudhAraka - dRSTyA tasya mahattvaM varNayitum azakyam / paddalitajAtInAM samutthAne tasya kAryam avismaraNIyaM bhavitA / aspRzyoddhAre, aspRzyatAnivAraNe, yoSitAM sAmAjika-sthiti-sudhAraNe, svIyAn krAntisamanvitAn vicArAn samupAsthApayat / harijanotthApanadvArA AdarzasamAjasaMsthApane prAvartata / gorakSA strIzikSA - pardAprathonmUlanAdikaM samAjasudhAra-kAryajAtaM vyadadhAt / zikSAkSetre'pi samAnatvam, janakalyANabhAvanA, maulikazikSA ( Basic Education ) - prayogaH, hastakalA - mahattvaM ca tadupadiSTam AdarzatvenorarIkriyate / rASTriyasevA - tasya mahAtmano nikhilamapi jIvanaM dezasevA''yattam abhvt| ghorAM yAtanAM, kaThorayantraNAm, AdhivyAdhi- pIDAM copekSya, satyaahiMsA-zastra - saMnaddhaH, premavarmAvanaddhaH, satyAgraha - zara- saMdhAnaikadakSaH, zatrumano

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215 mahAtmA gAndhiH mohano mohano'yaM mahAtmA / ahiMsA - mUlakaM satyAgraham, asahayogAndolanam, savinayAvajJAndolanam, upavAsAzrayaNam, har3atAla nAmaka kAryAvarodhaM samAzrayat / jana-sAhAyyaikamUlakena Andolanena bhItabhItA vaidezikA bhAratazAsanAbhilASam unmucya svAzrayaM yayuH / bhAratasvAtantryasya gAndhireva mUlamantraH / tatprayatnajanyaM bhAratasvAtantryam / ataeva sa 'rASTrapitA' ityevaMrUpeNa saMmAnyate / anyad vaiziSTyam- - na kevalaM rASTrasevA, samAjasevA ca tasya gauravam abhivardhayataH, apitu bhAratIya-kalA-kauzala vikAse, dhArmika vibheda-zamane, hindu-yavanaikatA - sampAdane, rAjanItI dharmArthayoH samanvaya sampAdane, bhAratIyeSu svAvalambanodbodhane, videzIya-vastu- bahiSkAre, svadezIya-vastu saMgrahaNe, zikSApaddhatau pariSkAre, naitike cAritrike cotthApane, dezabhakti - bhAvanA - prabodhane, rASTriyaikatA- saMpAdane cAnupamaM mahattvapUrNa yogadAnam avalokyate / evaM mahApuruSo'yaM svaguNaireva vizva-jana-saMmAnam avApya AbAlavRddhaM stUyate prazasyate ca / tadguNa- hRta - hRdayA bhAratIyAH svIyAM zraddhAJjali samarpayantaH taccaraNAravinda - kRpAM satataM kAmayante / te tajjovanAdarza ca svAdarza - rUpeNa samupasthApya svajIvanaM saphalayitum abhilaSyanti /

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62. kuTIrodyogaH ( Cottage Industry ) kuTIrodyogasya prArambhaH-yadyapi prAcInakAlAdeva kuTIrodyogAnAm ullekha upalabhyate / purA teSAM vyavasthitarUpeNa niyantraNaM saMcAlanaM pravartanaM cAsInnaveti vaktuM duSkaram / Rgvede takSA, hiraNyakAraH, carmakAraH, vAsovAyaH, ityAdInAmullekho labhyate / yajurvede ( a0 30.5-22 ) bahavaH kuTIrodyogAH sanAmollekhaM prApyante tatra kecana kuTIrodyogAH prAdhAnyena nirdizyante / yathA-rathakAraH takSA, maNikAraH, iSukAraH, dhanuSkAraH, jyAkAraH, rajjusarjaH, hiraNyakAraH, kulAla:, ayastApaH, karmAraH, surAkAraH, ityAdayaH / kuTIrodyogeSu saMlagnAnAM nArINAmapi varNanam Apyate / yathA-rajayitrI, pezaskArI, vidalakArI, kozakArI, aJjanIkArI, vAsaHpalpUlI, smarakArI-prabhRtayaH / 19 tama-zatAbdI yAvad bhAratavarSa svodyogArtha jagati khyAti lebhe / bhAratIyaM vastu zobhanaM sudRDhamiti dUradezaM yAvat prasiddhimavApa / aitihyametat pramANayati yad romadezaM yAvat bhAratIyavastrANAM khyAtirAsot / UrNAvastrANi, kSaumavastrANi, kazmIradezIyAni vastUni zAla-duzAlA-kambala-bhRtoni adyAvadhi loke khyAtimupayAnti / DhAkA-nagarasya malamala-vastraM videzeSvapi prasiddhi lebhe| hasti-danta-karmANi, kASThakRtayaH, lauhavastUni ca bhAratasya gauravam adyAvadhi prathayanti / bhAratIyavastUni araba-phArasa-sIriyA-prabhRtidezeSu khyAti yyuH| etacca 1919 IsavIye prakAzitena audyogikAyoga-vivaraNena prmaanniikriyte| ___ kuTIrodyogasya mahattvam-bhAratasya svAtantryalAbhe krAntadarzinA mahAtmanA gAndhinA kuTIrodyogasya mahattvaM bahudhA pratipAditam / yAntrikasabhyatA vinAzAvaheti vicAraM vicAraM sa tadvirodharUpeNa kuTIrodyogaM prAvartayat / tasyAbhimataM yat kUTIrodyogAnAM laghadyogAnAM ca mAdhyamena bhArate ArthikI samAnatA saMbhAvyate / nagarastheSu vidyutsaMcAliteSu phaikTaro-mila-prabhRtiSu azikSitAnAM sAmAnyAnAM grAmyajanAnAM pravezo na saMbhAvyate / atasteSAM hitasampAdanArtham, teSAm ArthikI duHsAdhyA samasyAM samAdhAtuM ca kuTIrodyogaM varadAnarUpeNa pratyaSThApayat / etena tasyAbhimataM yad avakAzakAle grAmINA nAgarikA vA lokAH svalpavyayasAdhyenodyogenAtiriktadhanopArjane kSamAH syuH / evaMvidhayA rItyA samayasya sadupayogena sahaivAtiriktavittalAbho'pi syAt / pArivArikA janA bAlA vRddhAH striyazca audyogikarmaNi sAhAyyapradAnena svasamayaM saphalayantu, atiriktaM dhanam arjayeyuH, svIyAm ArthikI samasyAM ca niraakuryuH| etadatrAvadheyaM yat kRSipradhAno'yaM bhArato deshH| asya navatipratizataM

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kuTIrodyogaH 217 janAH kRssikrmnirtaaH| saMvatsare prAyazaH SaDmAsaM yAvat kRSikarmAbhAvAt samayApavyaya eva darIdRzyate / yadi samayaM bahamUlyam avagacchanto grAmyA janA laghudyogeSu kuTIrodyogeSu ca riktaM samayaM viniyojayeran, tarhi ArthikasthitisamuddhArasamakAlameva teSAM pArivArikI sAmAjikI rASTriyA ca sthitiH samuddharet / kuTorodyogasya jIvanopayogitvam--kuTIrodyogA laghudyogAzca svIyAvazyakatApUtyaiva samaM samAjasya rASTrasya cArthikasthitisamunnayane kSamAH / tatra kecana tathAvidhA api laghudyogAH santi, ye svalpavyavasAdhyAH, vidyudabhAve'pi ca prakramante / laghudyogeSu vizeSata ullekhyA udyogAH santiH-vastra-darIgalIcA-rajju-khaddara-kambala-mojA-sveTara-zAla-prabhRtInAM nirmANam, suvarNa-rajatatAmra-pittala-prabhRtidhAtUnAM pAtrANAM kalAtmakakRtInAM ca nirmANam / evameva tailodyogaH, carmodyogaH, phenila ( Soap )-udyogo dugdhazAlodyogazca ArthikadRSTyA'tIva laabhprdaaH| maisUra-madrAsa-baMgAla-asama-kazmIra-prabhRtipradezeSu apariSkRtarezamodyogo'tIva prathate / baMgAdiSu ca jUTa-vastu-nirmANaM prativarSa pravardhata eva / kuTIrodyogena laghudyogena ca nidhanAnAM hInAnAM dInAnAM ca vRttisamasyA nirAkriyate / teSAm ArthikI sthitirunnIyate / teSAM bhautikasauvidhyAbhAvaH sutarAM puuryte| apahriyate ca teSAm arthAbhAvajanyaM dainyam, saMhriyate ca teSAM svodarapUrticintA, nirasyate cAnnavastrAdyabhAvajA hInatvabhAvanArUpiNI pishaacinii| samaSTeya'STerrASTrasya cotthAne udyogAnAmeSAM gauravapUrNa sthAnam / suviditamevaitat sameSAmapi sudhiyAM yad jApAnadezo laghudyogabalenaiva jagati svIyaM garimANam abhyunnatatvaM ca prathayati / kuTIrodyogo'yaM dainyanAzakaH, patitoddhArakaH, durgatidamakaH, samunnatisAdhakaH, vRttisamasyAnivArakaH, ArthikastaronnAyakaH, zramamahattvapratipAdakaH, sarvalokahitasAdhakaH, kSut-pipAsA - vastrAbhAva - annAbhAva - dhanAbhAvAdi-doSarodhakazca / evaM kuTIrodyogo janasya rASTrasya ca zreyase'bhivRddhaye ca prthte| .

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63. sahakAritAndolanam ( Co-operative Movement ) paricayaH-sahakAritAzabdena ekoddezyapUrtyarthaM samanvitena sahayogabhAvanayA kRtam aicchikaM saMgaThanam abhISyate / tannimittam AndolanaM ca sahakAritAndolanam ityabhidhIyate / atra tattvatrayasya prAdhAnyena samAvezo'bhISTaH / ( ka ) kasyacid Arthikoddezyasya pUrtiH, (kha) kAryaparANAm adhikAradRSTyA kAryadRSTyA ca starasAmyam ekarUpatvaM ca, (ga) sahakAritvam aicchikaM saMgaThanamUlakaM ca / ata etasya preraNAsrota AbhyantaraM na tu bAhyam / / sahakAritAndolanasyodbhavo vikAsazca-'saMghe zaktiH kalau yuge' ityullikhato vipazcito'bhimataM sahayogamUlakaM karmaiva / etad vacanaM na kevalam ArthikavikAsArthameva, apitu jIvanasya sarveSu kSetreSu sAmAjikeSu rAjanItikeSu vizvasaMbaddheSu ca sarvatraivAnumodituM vyavahA~ ca zakyate / samanvayabhAvanAm antareNa, sahayogabhAvAd Rte ca saMgharSabahule jagati na saMbhavA sAdhyasiddhiH / etasyAndolanasya ArthikakSene sahakAritAndolanarUpeNodbhavaH 19 tamazatAbdyAM jarmanI-DenamArka-dezayorabhUt / zarmaNyadeze zulz2a-Deliz2a-nAmA, DenamArkadeze ca rephisana-nAmA dIna-zoSita-patitAnAM zramiNAM kRSakANAM ca sthiti-sudhAravratama AsthAya sahakAritAndolanaM praarbdhvntau| zuljaH zarmaNyadezanagareSu rephisanazca DenamArka-grAmINa-kSetreSu sahakArisamitIH saMsthApitavantau / bhArate grAmasahakArisamiti-saMsthApanaM rephisana-siddhAntam anusRtya, nagara-sahakArisamiti-saMsthApanaM ca zulja-siddhAntamlakam / __ bhArate sahakAritAndolanasyodbhavaH 1904 IsavIye'bhUt / tadAnIM vaidezikazAsanatvAd etasyoddezyaM na tathA ArthikotthAnam AsIt, yathA Athikonnati-vyapadezena jana-zoSaNam / tadA sahakAri-samitInAm uddezyam AsId-alpakusIda-pUrvakaM kRSakebhya RNadAnam / 1906 IsavIye sahakArisamitInAM saMkhyA 843, 1911 IsavIye ca tAsAM saMkhyA 8177 AsIt / AsAM samitInAM nidhizca koTitrayAdhikam abhUt / 1912 IsavIye sahakAritAvidhAnaM nirmitam / tadanusAraM kendrIya-sahakAri baiMkasya saMsthApanam abhUt / sahakArisamitInAM kRte krayavikrayau, jIvana-bImA-kAryam, bhavananirmANam, utpAdanavyavasthA, udyogAzca vaidharUpeNodghoSitAni / 1915 IsavIye prAntIyasahakAri-baiMkAnAM sthApanA'bhUt / evaM vividhakArya-vyavasthApanArtham arthaprAptau sahakAri-samitInAM kRte sauvidhyamabhUt / 1919 IsavIye maikalAganasamitivivaraNam Azritya sahakAritA prAntIyazAsanAntargatam abhUt / 1945 IsavIye sahakAri-samitInAM saMkhyA pAdonadvilakSa-parimitA'bhUt /

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sahakAritAndolanam svAtantryottaraM vikAsaH - svAtantryalAbhottarakAle viziSTA pragatirlakSyate sahakAritAndolane / bhAratasya punarnirmANam anurudhya kA yojanA hitAvahA iti vicAre sahakAritAndolanamapi prAdhAnyaM bheje / tatpariNAmarUpeNa sahakAritAbhAvanA- protsAhanArthaM bhAratazAsanena 1948 tame IsavIye sahakAritAyojanAsamitiH saMsthApitA / paJcavarSIya yojanAsvapi sahakAritA prAdhAnyam alabhata / 219 bhArate etadAndolana-svarUpeNa yA: sahakArisamitayaH saMsthAzca kAryaparAH santi, tAH santiH - 1. grAmINa - sahakAri - samanvaya samitayaH, 2. grAmINa - sahakArItara-samanvaya samitayaH, 3. nagara samanvaya samitayaH, 4. nagara-samanvayetara samitayaH, 5. nirIkSaka yUniyanaH 6. gAraNTI yUniyana, 7. kendrIya sahakAri-baiMka:, 8. sahakAri-rAjya - baiMka, 9. bhAratIya rAjya sahakAri-baiMkazca / , sahakAri-samitInAm upayogitA - sahakAri samitInAM kAryakSetram atIva vyApakam / AsAM jAlaM bhAratavarSe pratigrAmaM suniyantritarUpeNa prasarati / etAH zarora-sthita-snAyu-zRGkhalAvat samagramapi rASTrazarIraM vyApya rASTra- zakterutkarSe saMlagnAH santi / samitInAm etAsAM pracAreNa dezo'tIva lAbhAnvito'bhUt / sahakAritAndolanasyopalabdhayaH - sahakAritA - AndolanasyopalabdhivicAre kAzcana mukhyA upalabdhayo'tra nirdizyante -- AtmanirbharatA, dIna-jana-zoSaNasamApanam, lAbhAMzasya sahakarmiSu samarUpeNa vibhAjanam, pArasparika sahayogabhAvodayaH, samAjavAdi- grAmINa vyavasthA saMsthApane sahayogaH, paJcavarSIya yojanApUrtI sAhAyyApAdanam, madhyasthanivAraNapUrvakam utpAdane'pi yogadAnam, upayogi-vastu-vitaraNa-kSetreSu yogyasadasyAnAM sAhAyyAcaraNam, sahayoga - sahAnubhUti - mitavyayitAdiguNAnAm anusaraNena sadasyAnAM naitiko vikAsa:, sudRDha - patha - ( pakkI sar3aka ) - nirmANam, kUpa - cikitsAgRha-vAcanAlaya-pustakAlayAdInAM saMsthApanam / sahakAritA Arthika kSetre madhyasthanirAkaraNena lAbhAMzopArjane sadasyAnAM sAhAyyam Acarati / alpa - kusIdamUlaka - RNadAnena dhanAbhAva - janya- kAThinyApanodane sAhAyyaM tanute / bulpha-mahodayena sphuTametad udIryate yat sahakAritAndolanena dhanAbhAvagrastakSetreSu dhanaM prApitam ; nirAzAH kRSakAdayaH sadAzAsamanvitA vihitAH; utpIDitA unmUlitAzca punaH pratyAropitAH; kusIdajIvibhyazca lokAH parirakSitAH / sahakAritAyA mUlamantro mitavyayitA / mitavyayitA - pATha - pAThanena sadasyAnAM madirApAna- dyUta-durguNagaNebhyo vinivRttiH / evaM lokAnAM naitikastaronnayanaM vihitam / sadasyeSu AtmavizvAsasya, saMyamasya, sahayogasya, spaSTavAditAyAH, svAbhimAnasya codayo'bhUt /

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220 saMskRtanibandhazatakam - sahakAritAyAH pracAreNa zikSaNAtmakA lAbhA api dRzyante / yathA samiti-kArya-jJAnama, vAda-vivAda-vidhijJAnam, saMgaThanasya vyavasthAyAzca kriyAtmakaM jJAnam, sAkSaratA-pracAreNa hastAkSarAdikaraNe kSamatvam, uttaradAyitvabhAvanAjAgatizca / sahakArimitayaH kriyAtmakarUpeNa janatAntrikazAsana-vyavasthAyAH zikSA dadati / ataeva lokeSu rAjanItikI jAgarUkatA sNlkssyte| samAjotthAne'pi sahakAritAyA mahattvapUrNa yogadAnaM lakSyate / svacchatAsvAsthya-cikitsA-manoraJjanAdisAdhanAnAM vRddhayA grAmINAnAM sAmUhika-suvidhAvAptiH / kUpa-taDAga-nAlikA-mArgAdInAM navanirmANena punanirmANena pariSkAreNa caiSA janamAnapaM toSayati poSayati ca / / ___ sahakAritAyA doSA nyUnatAzca-sahakAritAndolanasya sukhAvahatve'pi kecana baddhamUlA doSA lakSyante, yena kRte'pi prayatne vAJchitA lAbhA nApyante / tatra kecana doSAH prAdhAnyenollekham arhanti / te santi-1. bhAratIyajanatAyA azikSitatvam, 2. uccAdhikAriNAM kAryavidhau hastakSepaH, 3. janatAyAH pUrNasahayogAbhAvaH, 4. RNAdidAne vaidhAnika-vighna-prAcuryam, 5. samiti-vyavasthAsu jAtivAda-vargavAda-sampradAyAdidoSapravezaH, 6. RNadAne utkocagrahaNapravRttiH, 7. janatAyAM naitikatAyA abhAvAd RNa-pratyarpaNe vilambanam, sarvathA apratyarpaNaM ca, 8. zAsana-sahakAritAvibhAgasya niyantraNena utkoca-cATukAritA-anaitikatAdidoSANAM vRddhiH, 9. adhikAriNAM sadasyAnAM ca samiti-sarvasvApaharaNapravRttiH, 10. svArthaparANAM paradhana grAsa-gRddhAnAM samitiSu pUrNAdhikAraH / doSairetaiH sahakAritAndolanam abhISTalAbhapradAne'kSama parilakSyate /

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64. parivAra niyojanam ( Family Planning ) upakramaH-vaidika-sAhityAvalokanena vijJAyate yat santati-bAhulyaM doSAvaham iti / Rgvede'tharvavede ca pratipAdyate yat bahuprajA niRtimA viveza / Rg0 1-164-32, atharva09-10-10 bahusantatiyukto mAnavo nitarAM durgati duHkhatati cAznute, iti vedAnAm abhimatam / parivAra niyojanasya tAtparyametad yat parivArasyAkArastathA suniyojitaH suniyantritazca syAd, yathA pArivArikA janAH samAje bhArabhUtA na syuH / parivAraniyojanasyAvazyakatA-sAmAnyena nikhile jagati vizeSatazca bhArate janasaMkhyA pratisaMvatsaram AkrAmakarUpeNa parivardhate / yathA bhArate janasaMkhyAvRddhiH, na tathA khaadysaamgriivRddhiH| khAdyasAmagryabhAve janasaMpoSaNaM na saMjAyeta, dubhikSAdInAM ca janirjAyata / durbhikSe vyApte sati jIvanaM maraNaparyAya eva / annAbhAve zarIrApacayaH, manobalakSayaH, svaabhimaanaavntiH| videzAnAM samakSaM svodaradarzanaM khAdyasAmagrIyAcanaM ca tathA mAnahAnim Avahati, yathA tat viSapAnaM syAt / parivAraniyojana-prayogAbhAve satyAM janasaMkhyAvRddhau khAdyAbhAvena samameva jIvanastarasyAvanatiH, kAryakSamatA-nyUnatvam, roga-zokopatApasantApa-vipatpAta - kleza-dainya-vivAda-kalaha-azAnti-asantoSa-manoglAni-hInatvabhAvanAdayo vivaddhim aznuvate / santati-nirodhAbhAve na pArivArikI shaantiH| santati-sukha-sAdhanArtha mAtApitarau yAdRzaM klezam anubhavataH, sa na varNayituM zakyate / mAtRNAM tu bAlasaMrakSaNAdiSu svAsthyamevApakSIyate / pratidinaM pratipalaM cAvazyakatAyA vRddhayA, lAbhasya sAdhanAnAM cAbhAvena, jIvanameva nArakIyaM saMjAyate / sAdhanAnAm abhAve bAlAnAM samucitapoSaNAbhAvaH, zikSAyA abhAvaH, annapAnAdyabhAvaH, jIvanastaranyUnatvaM ca saMjAyate / bAlAnAM dInatvaM hInatva kSINatvaM ca prekSaM prekSaM pitrorapi niSprabhatvaM zrIhInatvaM duHkhAbdhimagnatvaM ca saMjAyate / parivAraniyojanopAyA:-parivAra-niyojanArthaM sarvakAreNa baha vyo yojanAH prvrtitaaH| pratikSetra pratinagaraM pratigrAmaM bahuvidhayA rItyA parivAraniyojana-pracAro dRzyate zrUyate ca / tatra puruSANAM kRte nirodha-nalikopayogo nasabandhAdividhizca nirdizyate / strINAM kRte lUpopayogaH, zalyakriyayA saMtatinirodha-prakArAzrayaNaM ca prastUyate / eSAM prayogANAM lAbhahAniviSaye vividhA vipratipattirvivAdo matavaiSamyaM ca prApyante / ete prayogAH kvacid lAbhapradAH, kvacicca hAnikarA avalokyante / lUpAdInAM prayogastu prAyazo rogAdivRddhayA nairAzya-saMcArako vinAzakarazca saMlakSyate /

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saMskRta nibandhazatakam mahAtmano gAndhermatam -- parivAra niyojana - viSaye mahAtmano gAndhermataM na tathA sarvakAramatAnukUlam / sa santati-nirodhArthaM brahmacaryavratapAlanaM zreyaskaratvenAmanyata / brahmacaryaMniyamapAlanena svAsthyarakSA, AcArarakSA, jIvanarakSA, santatinirodhazca / paraM khedAvahametad yat zAsanena mahAtmano vacanaM tiraskRtya pAzcAttya vidhirurarIkRtaH / 222 parivAra niyojanasya doSAH - parivAraniyojane santatinirodhe ca yaH kRtrimo vidhirAzrIyate, sa samAje cAritryAvanatiM vardhayati / yuvakA yuvatayazca kRtrimavidhi-parijJAnena pAzcAttya dezAdivat caritrahAni na doSakarIM gaNayanti / satyametad yat sAmprataM yuvaka-yuvatyAdiSu na tathA saMyamo damo niyantraNaM ca, ataste santatinirodhArthaM kRtrimavidhim Azrayante / tadudarkatvena ca vividharogagrastAH, zArIrika-mAnasika balavirahitAH, zaizave yauvane ca niSprabhA hatakAntayazcAvalokyante / yAvAn pracAraH prasArazca sarvakAreNa kRtrimanirodhopAyAdI kriyate, tAvAneva sadAgrahazcet saMyame brahmacarya pAlane ca syAt, tadA kRtrima - nirodhajanya - doSANAm apamArjanaM saMbhAvyate / evaM parivAraniyojanaM santatinirodho vA siddhAntarUpeNa grAhyam / vyavahArarUpeNa ca saMyamapAlanameva santatinigrahasya sarvotkRSTa upAyaH / eSa upAyaH prayukto vyavahRtazcet tadA santatinirodhena samameva lokajIvanaM lokakarma lokavyavahRtizca sadA zreyase bhaviSyanti /

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65. paJcavarSIya-yojanAH ( Five-year Plans ) prastAvanA-15 agasta, 1947 IsavIye bhAratasya svAtantryalAbhe dezasya dayanIyAM sthitim uddhatu baddhakaurnetRbhiH samunnatarASTrakoTau bhArataM saMsthApayituM rUsadezavikAsaM paryAlocya tadanukRtimUleyaM paJcavarSIya-yojanA prArabdhA / bhAratasya sarvAGgINasamunnatiryena vidhinA yayA paddhatyA ca sidhyet tat sarvamevAtra paryAlocitam / prathama-paJcavarSIyA yojanA-yojanAyogaH mArca 1950 IsavIye bhAratIyasaMvidhAnAnusAram Ayojito'bhUt / tenaiva ca prArUpaM prastutam / prathamapaJcavarSIyayojanAkAla: 1950 IsavIyataH 31 mArca, 1956 I0 yAvadAsIt / parantu yojanAyogaH disambara, 1952 IsavIye yojanAm antimarUpeNa prastotuM prAbhavat / prathama-paJcavarSIya yojanAyA lakSyam AsIt-khAdyasamasyAsamAdhAnArtha kRSerunnato balAdhAnam, tadarthaM kSetrAdisecanasya samucitavyavasthAsaMpAdanam, kRSerunnatyarthaM vidyudutpAdanavRddhiH, secanakAryasaukaryAya nadISu bandha-sthApanam, kulyAniHsAraNam, kUpa-taDAga-nalakUpAdInAM nirmANam, kRSiyantrANAM sAhAyyena anurvarAbhUmeH urvarIkaraNam, kRSikarmayogyakaraNaM ca / secana-sAdhanavRddhayA jalAbhAvAd akRSTaH kRSikarmaNi anupayuktazca vizAlo bhUmibhAgaH kRSikarmayogyaH saMvRttaH / kRSikarmaNi Adhunika-kRSi-yantrANAm upayogaH tatsAhAyyaM cAvardhata / etadatiriktaM sAmudAyikayojanAnAm upakramAd rASTravyApinI kRSivistArasevA sNsthaapitaa| sahakAritAndolanamapi punaH gauravAspadaM prApnot / yena prakAreNa grAmINajanatAyA Arthiko vikAsaH syAt, tathA prayatna ArabdhaH / etadathaM vidyutaH suvidhA pradattA / laghadyogAnAM kuTIrodyogAnAM ca protsAhanAthaM sarvakAreNa Arthika sAhAyyamapi vitIrNam / etad yojanAntargataM bhAkhar3A-nAMgala-bandhaH, dAmodaraghATI-yojanA, kosIvikAsa-yojanA, hIrAkuNDa-bandhaH, dAkSiNAtya-pradezastha-nadISu bandhakAryANi saMpannAni / relainjina-kampArTameNTa-prabhRtInAM nirmANArtha citaraJjana-lokomoTivavarksa-Akhyasya yantrAgArasya saMsthApanam / baMgalorasthAne vAyuyAnAnAM vizAkhApattane ca jalapotAnAM nirmANArthaM nirmANazAlAH saMsthApitAH / __ etadyojanAntargataM 2356 koTi-rUpyaka-parimito vyayaH prastAvitobhUt / vAstaviko vyayastu 3360 koTi-parimito'bhUt / prathamapaJcavarSIyayojanAphalasvarUpaM kRSerunnato 18 pratizataM rASTiye Aye vRddhirajAyata / dvitIya-paJcavarSIya-yojanA-dvitIyapaJcavarSIya-yojanAyAH kAla: 1956 IsavIyata Arabhya 1961 IsavIyaM yAvad abhUt / dvitIyayojanAyA lakSyam

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224 saMskRta nibandhazatakam AsIt - ( ka ) rASTriye Aye 25 pratizataM vRddhiH syAt / ( kha ) AdhArabhUtAnAM vizAlAnAM codyogAnAM vikAse balAdhAnena tIvragatyA dezasya audyogikIkaraNaM syAt / ( ga ) avRtti samasyA samAdhAnaM vRtti-suvidhA-saMpAdanaM ca / (gha ) vaiyaktika Aye saMpattau ca vaiSamyaM nirAkRtya deze samAjavAdinyA vyavasthAyAH sthApanam / phala - svarUpam udyogeSu prAdhAnyam, audyogikIkaraNaM ca yojanAyA mukhyaM lakSyaM saMjAtam / samAjavAdinyA vyavasthAyAH kriyAnvayatvam, asyAM yojanAyAm abhUt / etadyojanAkAle vidyuta utpAdane, kRSyutpAdane, rAsAyanika-khAdotpAdane, ispAtotpAdane, sImenTa- koyalA - vastra - cInI - Almuniyama - prabhRtInAm udyoge AzAtItaM sAphalyam abhUt / 700 laghudyogAnAM sthApanA sNjaataa| sAikila moTara sAikila-skUTara - reDiyo -vidyudvyajana (Fans ) - vidyubalba ghaTikA-prabhRtInAM nirmANa prabhUtaM sAphalyam abhUt / saMcAra parivahanavibhAgAntargataM vidyuto vistAraH, relave lAina - vistAraH 6 lakSa - kilomITaraparimitam abhUt / nAMgala navelI - rAurakelA-sthAneSu khAdotpAdanArthaM yantrazAlAnAM nirmANam abhavat / asyAM yojanAyAM nirdhArito vyayaH 48,00 koTirUpyakamita AsIt paraM vAstaviko vyayaH 6570 koTirUpyakamito'bhUt / rASTriye Aye 42 pratizataM vRddhirabhUt / kRSyutpAdane'pi vRddhirabhUt / 65 lakSa - karmiNAM vRttiprAptivyavasthA ca saMjAtA / paraM vyayaparyAlocanenAvagamyate yannA''zAnurUpaM yojanAyAH sAphalyam abhUt / tRtIya- paJcavarSIya yojanA - tRtIyapaJcavarSIya yojanAyA mukhyoddezyAni samAsata Asan -- ( ka ) rASTriye Aye 5 pratizata vRddhiH / tathA ca mUladhanaviniyogaH syAd yathA bhaviSyati kAle'pi vRddharjAyete / ( kha ) khAdyAnnaviSaye dezasya svAvalambitvam / (ga) udyogAnAM niryAtAnAM cAvazyakatA-pUrtyartham utpAdanavRddhiH / ( gha ) janazakteH pUrNopayogena vRtti- samasyA- nirAkaraNam / (Ga) audyogikavikAse tIvratvAdhAnam, yantranirmANe Atmanirbharatvam, ispAta rasAyanaindhana vidyud yantrAdinirmAtRRNAM mUlabhUtodyogAnAM vikAsanena audyogIkaraNakSamatA-saMpAdanam / ( ca ) Ayasya saMpattezca vaiSamyanivAraNam, sarvebhyo'pi samunnatyarthaM samAnAvasarapradAnam, ArthikakSamatAyAzca sAmyena vitaraNam / etadyojanAntargataM pramukha kAryANyAsan-- kRSivikAsa: sAmudAyikakAryavikAsaH, secanasuvidhAH, vidyudutpAdana vRddhiH, kuTorodyoga-laghUdyoga-bRhadudyogavRddhizca, yAtAyAta saMcAra vyavasthA vRddhiH, samAjasevonnayanam / yojanAyAH kAlaH 1961 I0 Arabhya 1966 I0 yAvadAsot / yojanAyA etasyA ekakharvaparimito vyayo nirdhArito'bhUt / asyAM yojanAyAm udyogeSu khanijotpAdane ca balam AdhIyata /

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paJcavarSIya yojanAH 225 tRtIyapazcavarSIyayojanAyAmupalabdhiH sAmAnyaiva sNjaataa| sarveSu kSetreSu lakSyAd nyuunaivoplbdhirjaataa| yato hi kAle'smin 1963 IsavIye cInadezAkramaNena, 1965 IsavIye pAkadezAkramaNena ca yojanAyAM gatyavarodho'bhUt / rASTriye Aye 20 pratizataM vRddhiH, khAdyAnnotpAdane 3 upalabdhiH, audyogikakSetre ca lakSyasya sarvathApUrtiH / vRttirahitAnAM lokAnAM saMkhyA 120 lakSaparimitA'vardhata / vitaraNavyavasthonnayane, asamAnatAnirAkaraNe ca lakSyam apUrtimevAbhajata / sahakAri-samitInAM vyavasthAdoSAd bhraSTAcArasya ca sarvatra vyApteH sahakAritAndolanamapi svalakSyasiddhI asAphalyamevAbhajata / kRSivikAsakArya, bhUsaMrakSaNe, khAdotpAdane, secanasuvidhApradAne ca nirdhArita lakSyam apUrNamevAsthAt / vyayAnurUpaM lAbhaprApti bhUt / pariNAmasvarUpaM mudrAsphItiH, vastumahArghatvaM cAbhUtAm / avRttisamasyA'pi jaTilataratAm ApannA / caturtha-paJcavarSIya-yojanA--eSA yojanA 13 apraila, 1969 IsavIye prArabdhA / etadartham 23750 koTi-parimito vyayo nirdhArito'bhUt / etasyA lakSyam AsIt-(ka) utpAdane Atmanirbharatvam, niryAtasyaM prAthamikatvaM ca, ( kha ) vastumUlya-sthirIkaraNam, (ga) kRSyutpAdane vikAsAd grAmINAnAm Aye vRddhiH, (gha) janopayogivastUnAM pUrtI vRddhiH, (Ga) ispAta-rasAyanavidhucchakti-yAtAyAta-sAdhaneSu vRddhiH, ( ca ) parivAra niyojana-dvArA janasaMkhyAnirodhaH, (cha) avRttisamasyA-nirAkaraNam / caturthapaJcavarSIyayojanAyA vaiziSTyaM samAsato vaktuM zakyate yadatra kRSemahattvaM pratipAdyate, ArthikaviSamatAnirAkaraNe balam AdhIyate, sahakAritA-zikSA-janasvAsthyAdikAryakrameSu varIyastvaM ca nirdishyte|| etadyojanAkAle yojanAkRtAM ziraHsu viSamA vipattiH smaayaataa| vyayArthaM kUto dhanopalabdhiH ? amerikAtaH sAhAyyaM niruddhameva / bhAratIyajanatAsamIpe dhanAbhAvAt kiMkartavyavimUDhatvaM prAvartata / asmAkaM sarvakAreNa yathA yojanAsu vyayo vyadhAyi, na tathA lakSyAvAptiAbhAvAptizca sNjaate| bhArate pravartitAsvapi caturyojanAsu sarvato viSamA khAdyAnnasamasyA, kaThinA vRttisamasyA, asAdhyA arthavyavasthA, vidyuto'bhAvaH, mahArghatA, jIvanopayogivastUnAm abhAvaH pratipalaM pratipadaM pratidinaM ca dAvAgnivat samedhate / sarvametat bhAratIya-zAsakAnAm, bhAratIyArthazAstriNAm, netRNAM ca vaiduSyaM, vaidagdhyaM, kauzalaM, vyutpatti, yojanA-niSpAdanadakSatvaM, takriyAnvayanakSamatvaM ca dyotayati ghoSayati c|

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66. janatantravAdaH ( Democracy ) ( 1. lokatantrazAsanapaddhatiH, 2. prajAtantra-zAsanavidhiH, 3. sarveSAM rAjatantrANAM lokatantra viziSyate / ) janatantrazAsanasya prArambhaH-vaidikaM vAGmayam anuzIlyate cet tahi dRggocaratAm AyAti yad rAjatantrazAsanena samameva lokatantrazAsanamapi vaidikakAle prAcarat / Rgvede rAjJo nirvAcanasya varNanaM prApyate / atharvavede'pi rAjJo nirvAcanasya, janatAyAH samarthanasyAvazyakatAyAzca varNanam upalabhyate / vizo na rAjAnaM vRnnaanaaH| Rgveda 10-124-8 / tvAM vizo vaNatAM rAjyAya / atharva0 3-4-2 / vizastvA sarvA vAJchantu0 / athrv06-87-1| yajurvede sphuTameva mahato janarAjyasya dvivAram ullekho vidhIyate / mahate jAnarAjyAya0 / yaju09-40, 10-18 / rAjJaH parAmarzadAtRrUpeNa sabhA-samiti-nAmnyoH pariSadovarNanamapi praapyte| sabhA ca mAM samitizcAvatAM prajApateduhitarau sNvidaane| atharva07-12-1 yajurvede rASTrapateH kartavyarUpeNa janatantra-saMrakSam, vizvahita-saMrakSaNam, svarAjya-saMrakSaNaM ca nirdizyate / janabhRta stha rASTradA rASTra me datta / vizvabhRta stha rASTradA rASTra me dtt| svarAja stha rASTradA rASTramamuSmai datta / yaju0 10-4 / ___ evaM sukarametad abhidhAtuM yad vaidikakAlAdeva janatantrazAsanavidhiH pravartate / sAmprataM viMzatitamazatAbdyAM janatantrasyodaya AdhunikarUpeNa saMlakSyate / etadAzrityaiva jarmanI-phrAMsa-rUsAdidezeSu janatantraM pracarati / kiM nAma janatantram ?-janAnAM lokAnAM prajAnAM vA tantraM zAsanaM janatantram ityabhidhIyate / janatantrasya baha vyaH paribhASA upalabhyante / tatra amerikAdezarASTrapateH abrAhama liMkana-mahodayakRtA paribhASA prathitatamA hRdyA ca / janatantraM janatAyAH zAsanam, janatAdvArA saMcAlitam, janahitArthaM ca bhavati / It is a government of the people, by the people and for the people. -ABRAHAM LINCON. sIle-mahodayo lakSayati yat tat prajAtantraM janatantraM vA kathyate yatra sarvasyApi lokasya zAsane bhAgo bhavati / DAyasI-mahodayastu lakSayati yat tat prajAtantraM yatra zAsanasUtraM rASTrasya bRhattara-lokahaste nipatati /

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Democracy is a a share. janatantravAdaH government, in which 227 everyone has -Seeley. Democracy is a form of government, in which the governing body is comparatively a large fraction of the entire nation. -Dicey. le katantrasya vaiziSTyam -- lokatantrazAsanasya sUtraM lokAyattaM bhavati / lokatantre jananirvAcitAH zAsanasUtraM gRhNanti / yadyebhirlokahitaM na saMpAdyate, janamano'nukUlaM ca na kAryaM niSpAdyate, tarhi te AgAmini nirvAcane padacyutAH kriyante / evaM janavizvAsam avAptA eva janapratinidhayastatra zAsanaM vidadhati / janapratinidhizAsanatvAd etad uttaradAyitvapUrNaM zAsanaM bhavati / pratimAnavaM bhedAbhAvAt samAnatvam atrorarIkriyate / atra jano na sAdhanamAtram, api tu sAdhyameva / janahitArthametat zAsanam / lokahasteSu prabhutva- zakteH sattayA prajAyAH prAdhAnyam / atra nAgarikebhyaH sAmAjikI, rAjanItikI ArthikI ca svatantratA bhavati / atra mAnava bandhutvaM janasahayogabhAvanA cAnivAryatvena nirdizyate / asya tantrasya vayaska- matadAnAdhikAraH pramukhaM vaiziSTyam / matadAnAdhikAralAbhena lokeSu uttaradAyitvabhAvanA jAgati / atra vidhAnasabhAdibhyo nirvAcanamapi prAmukhyaM bhajate / jananirvAcitA lokA vidhAnasabhAyAH saMsadazca pratitidhitvam alaM kurvanti / jAti-dharma-vargAdi-bhedAbhAvAt sarvadharma-jAtyAdi - hita saMrakSaNaM jAyate / nirvAcanapaddhatyA anivAryatvena rAjanItikadalAnAm udbhavo jAyate / atra lokamatasya janamatasya vA prAdhAnyaM bhavati / janamatameva zAsana-parivartanaM vidhAtuM prabhavati / tatra sthAnIyaM svarAjyamapi sthApayate / yathA -- grAma-paMcAyatajilA - pariSad -- nagarapAlikAdayaH sthAnIya-svarAjya saMsthA eva santi / sthAnIyaM svarAjyaM prajAtantrazAsanapaddhatermUlam / sarveSAM lokAnAM zikSaNaM vidyopArjanaM cAtra anivAryatvenApadyate / ArthikI samAnatA cApi prajAtantrasyAdhArarUpeNa gaNyate / prajAtantrapaddhaterlAbhA vaiziSTyaM ca - atra rAjyApekSayA vyaktermahattvam, vaiyaktika vikAsasya ca pUrNo'dhikAro labhyate / rAjyam atra sAdhanam jano'tra sAdhyazca / ato vyakteH svAtantryam / matadAne'pi svAtantryalAbhAt pratinidhinirvAcane'pratihataM svAtantryam / bhASaNe, lekhane, vicArAbhivyaktau cAtra pUrNa svAtantryam / IdRzaM svAtantryaM lokahitaghAtakaM na bhavitumahati / vividhAH krAntayo janazoSaNena atyAcArAdibhirvA prAdurbhUtAH / atra svAbhimata - prakAzanasvAtantryAt na raktamayI krAntiH sambhAvyate /

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228 saMskRtanibandhazatakam atra zikSA-viSaye sArvajanIna-suvidhayA janAnAM zikSitatvam, sArvajanikakAryeSvabhiruciH, bauddhikavikAsaH, svAvalambanaM ca prApyate / atra samAnAdhikAratvAt kasyacid vargasya zoSaNaM na saMbhavati / pratinidhInAM nirvAcanAt kuzalazAsanaM bhavati / nirvAcane janamatasya prAdhAnyAd nirvAcita pratinidhInAM naitikaM mahattvam aashaasyte| lokAyattatvAdasya zAsanasya lokeSu dezapremabhAvanA jAgati / lokA eva zAsakAH, ityevaM-rUpeNa lokeSu svAbhimAnodayaH / evamasya tantrasya vaijJAnikamapi mahattvam / sAmpratikyAM sthitI janatantrameva sarvotkRSTatvena gaNyate / janatantrazAsanasya doSAH-janatantrazAsanasya kecana doSA api saMlakSyante / siddhAntarUpeNa janatantravAdaH sarvottamaH / paraM vyavahAre na tathA sukhAvahaH, siddhAnta-vyavahArayoH sarvatra vaiSamyAvekSaNAt / vyavahAre parIkSitA ete guNA doSarUpeNa pariNamante / vartamAnaM janatantraM kSudhAyai, duHkhAvAptaye, kaSTasahanAthaM ca svAtantryam / samAje mUrkhANAM bAhulyAd mUrkha-rAjyametad vyAdizyate / pleTo ( Plato )-mahodayo lokatantrazAsanaM mUrkhazAsanaM manute / tameva samarthayatA kArlAila-mahodayenocyate There are nine fools in the world for one wise man. Democracy, therefore, means the rule of fools. -Carlyle, loke sAttvikA guNinazca na tathA lokapriyAH, yathA dhUrtAH pravaJcakAzca / te dhanAdinA, jAtivAdAdinA, sampradAyavAdena ca lokAn pratArya pratinidhitvaM bhajante / evametat tantram ayogyAnAM vaJcakAnAM ca zAsanaM saMjAyate / dhanAdinA matAnAM krayaNAt jana-svAtantryasya vinAzAyaitad bhavati / matadAne bahusaMkhyakAnAM prAdhAnyAd alpamatasyopekSA bhavati / bhASaNAdi-svAtantryAd dhUrtA vaJcakAzca svArthasAdhanAya rAjanItikIm azAnti janayanti / janatantra viduSAM samAdarAbhAvAt kalAnAM sAhityasya vijJAnasya ca vikAso'varudhyate / rAjyazAsane bhraSTAcAravatAM pizunAnAM khalAnAM ca prAdhAnyAd lokAnAM naitika patanamapi saMjAyate / svArthasAdhanAya vividhAnAM dalAnAM samudbhavo bhavati / tathA ca dalagata-rAjanIti-samAzrayaNAd naitikaM vAtAvaraNa praduSyati / nirvAcaneSu matalAbhAya dhanasya bahudhA durupayogo dRzyate / matametad na vikAsavAdenApi AnukUlyaM dhatte / atra buddheH kartRtvam apAsya, aGgAnAmeva kartRtvam anuziSyate / atra viduSAM netRtvAbhAvAnna samanvayAtmikA samunnatiH saMbhAvyate / upasaMhAraH-siddhAntadRSTayA janatantraM samIcInatamam / vyavahAradRzA ye doSAH saMlakSyante, teSAM nirAkaraNamapi abhISTam / tadartha janatAyAH zikSitatvam

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janatantravAdaH 229 anivAryam / svAdhikAra kartavyaM ca prati janatAyA jAgarUkatA'bhISyate / lokeSu tAdRzI jAgarUkatA syAd yathA vazvakA dhUrtA AcArahInAzca na pratinidhitvaM prApnuyuH / zAsanakarmaNi yogyA dakSAstattadviSayaniSNAtA eva niyuktAH syuH / rAjanItika jAgaraNamapi lokessvbhiissyte| sahakAritAyAH sahayogasyaikatvasya dezabhaktazca lokeSu pracuraH pracAraH syAt / rAjanItikadalAnAM saiddhAntikam AcAra-mUlakaM ca saMgaThanaM syAt, na tu jAti-dharma-sampradAyamUlakam / lokeSu sadbhAvanAyAstathAvidha udayaH syAd yathA dInAnAM zoSaNam, dhanadAnena matakrayaNAdikaM ca na pravarteta / dhanena matakrayaNe tu dhaninAmevetat zAsanaM prvrtissyte| lokAstathA'nuzAsanIyA yathA te matAdhikArasya pUrNarUpeNa sadupayogaM kuryuH / AcAravatAM guNajJAnAM vijJAnAmeva ca nirvAcanena janatantraM sAphalyam avAptuM prabhavati /

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67. samAjavAdaH ( Socialism ) samAjavAdasya svarUpam -- samAjavAdaH prAdhAnyena samAjasya hitacintanam urarIkaroti / samAjasya hitasampAdanam, tasyAdhikAra saMrakSaNam, tadavAptaye ca yathAyathaM kAryakaraNam / samAjavAdasya prathamaM cikIrSitaM yad jagati pU~jIvAdasya sarvatorUpeNa samUlonmUlanaM syAt / dvitIyaM ca tasyAbhimataM yad utpAdanavikAsAdikAryeSu samAje pratispardhA-paddhati vihAya sahakAritApaddhatirAzrIyeta / tRtIyaM ca tasyAbhimataM yat sarve'pyudyogA rASTrIkRtAH syuH / udyogeSu samAjasya rASTrasya vA pUrNo'dhikAraH syAt / caturthaM ca tasyAbhimataM yat sarvA'pyutpAdanavitaraNa vyavasthA rAjyAyattA syAt / paJcamaM ca tasyAbhimataM yat sarvebhyo'pi nAgarikebhyaH samAjasevAvyavasthA syAt / samAjavAdasyopayogitvam -- samAjavAdasyoddezyaM vivicyate cet tarhi sphuTam etadApadyate yat samAjavAdo janahitabhAvanayaiva prerito'sti / samAjavAdaH samAje vargavibhedaM jAtibhedaM dharmavaiSamyam uccAvacatvaM dhanika-nirdhanabhedaM na mAnyatvenAGgIkaroti / taddRSTyA sarve'pi lokAH samAnAH / sarveSAmeva rASTriya - sampattau prakRtipradatteSu ca vastuSu samAnAdhikAraH / yatra yatroccAvacatvaM sampanna nirdhanatvAdibhedo'valokyate, tatra tatra svArthasiddhimUlakaM mAnavakRtaM vaiSamyam / yadi mAnavakRtaM vaiSamyaM vinAzam ApAdyate tarhi sarvo'pi samAjaH sakalaM sukhamavAptuM prabhavati / samAjavAda-sAmyavAdayorbhedaH - samAjavAda - sAmyavAdayormukhyo'yaM bhedo yat sAmyavAdaH svalakSyAvAptaye vidroha, krAntim, Andolanam, ucitam anucitaM vA sAdhanam, hiMsAzrayaNam, chadmAdiprayogam api na parihAryatvena manute / api tu hiMsAderAzrayaNaM sAdhanatvena prastautitarAm / samAjavAdaH svalakSyAvAptaye'hiMsAtmaka vaidhAnikapaddhatim anumodayati / sAmyavAdo vargasaMgharSaM janayati, vidrohaM vardhayati, yena kenApi prakAreNa lakSyasiddhi saMstauti / tatra samAjavAdo vaidhAnika krAntim, Arthika krAntim sAmAjika krAntim, janatAntrikaM codbodhanaM samarthayate / , samAjavAda -sAmyavAdayoH kAryavidhibhedaH - samAjavAdaH pU~jIvAdasya kiM kAraNaM ghoro'rAtiH ? vicAradRzA vivecanena vijJAyate yat pU~jIvAde keSAMcideva viziSTAnAM janAnAM svArthasiddhiH lAbhaH, sukhasaukaryaM ca / pU~jIvAda-paddhatI janahitasAdhanApekSayA vyaktiviziSTahitasAdhanaM prAdhAnyaM labhate / tatra na suniyojitA vitta-vibhAjana-paddhatiH, na ca dIna-hIna- jana - sukhasAdhanecchA | rASTriyasyAyasya dhanikeSu saMvibhAjanAd nirdhanatvaM dInatvaM hInatvaM bubhukSitatvaM ca samedhate / pU~jIvAde prAcurye'pi nirdhanatvam, dhanasaMgrahe'pi kSudhAmRtyuH, vibhavasAmagrI -sattve'pi hInatvam,

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samAjavAdaH 231 sukhasAdhanasattve'pi duHkhitvam, prAsAdAdive bhave'pi jIrNa-zIrNa- kuToratvam / evaM pU~jIvAde kecana dhanina eva, kecana ca nirdhanA eva / janahitasAdhanaM na dhaninAm abhISTam / svasukhAvAptaye te nirdhanAnAM zoSaNe tatparAH / dhaninaH svArthasAdhane yathA tatparAH, na tathA parArthacintane / dhAnyAdInAm Adhikye'pi samyag - vibhAjanapaddhaterabhAvAd daurbhikSyam, akAlamRtyuH, ityAdika pravartate / 1 pratispardhAbhAvanayaiva videzeSu svavastu-vikrayAdikam uddizya yuddhaM mahAyuddhaM ca pravartyate / aparaM ca suviditametad yad amerikAdidezeSu vipulaM dhAnyaM dugdhAdikaM ca saritsu sAgareSu ca nikSipyate, na ca tad dona-hIna- bubhukSitAdilAbhAya svadeze videzeSu ca niHzulkaM vittIyate / samAjavAde dhanasaMgrahasya samavitaraNa vyavasthA prastUyate / sa ca zreyAn panthAH / samAjavAdasya kAryavidhiH - samAjavAde sahakAritAbhAvanayA kRtaM karma sarvaMhitasAdhakam / tatra pratispardhA-bhAvanAyA abhAva utpAdanAdhikyaM karoti / samAjavAde suniyojitotpatteH, utpAdanasya ca samavibhAjanena na dhAnyAdInAm apavyayo vinAzo vA / samAjavAdo vyaktigata svArthaM vinAzya lAbhaM janAyattaM vidhatte / tatra samAja evotpAdanasya, samavibhAjanasya, AdAna - pratidAnasya ca svatvAdhikArI / eSa eva pratispardhA janya - doSa-nirodhopAyaH / atra audyogikasaMsthAnAM rASTrIkaraNaM samAjIkaraNaM ca prastUyate / samAjavAde rAjyaM rASTraM ca prabhutvasapannam / tadeva ca dhanAdi-samavibhAjanasya samAnAvasara pradAnasya cAdhikAri / sama-vibhAjanam, sama-zramaniyojanam, sama-lAbha-pradAnaM ca samAjavAdasyAbhimatam / evaM samAjavAdo nirdhanatvaM jIvikAnirodhaM vRtti- prApti - samasyAM ca saMharati / samAjavAde zikSA, cikitsA, surakSA-vyavasthA, nagare svacchatAdikam, sarvamevaitad rAjyena saMpAdyate / samAjavAde janonnateH samAjonnatezca pUrNo'vasaro labhyate / samAjavAde kecana doSA api saMlakSyante / tatra vastuto nirdhanatAyAH samUlonmUlanaM na dRzyate, nirdhanatvaM tatrAvazyaM niyantrayate / tatra rAjyAdhikArasaMvRddhyA saha rAjyakarmacAriSu sahAnubhUterabhAvaH, janakArye kAlAtipAtaH ( Red-tapism ) ca pravardhate / videze bahuSu dezeSu samAjavAdaH prathate / bhArate'pi vAdo'yaM gAndhIvAdena saha sAmaJjasyaM dadhat pracarati /

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68. sAmyavAdaH ( Communism ) sAmyavAdasya pravartanam -- sAmprataM jagadidaM prAyazo vargadvayasaMvibhaktamsAmyavAdinaH ( Conmunists ), pU~jIvAdinazca ( Capitalists ) / dvayorapyetayorvAdayoH rUsa-amerikA- pradezayoH pravartanaM, pracAraNaM, prasAraNaM, parI - kSaNaM ca saMdRzyate / rUsadeze sAmyavAdaH prasarIsati / sAmyavAdasya saMsthApako jarmanadezIyo vidvAn kArla mArksa - mahodayo ( Karl Marx ) vartate / so'yaM devadUtatvena vividhavidyApArahazvatvena ca tanmatAnusAribhirgaNyate / tasya ca prathitatamo granthaH 'dAsa kApiTAla' ( Das Kapital ) viSaye'smin prAmANye - norarIkriyate / tatra sAmyavAdasyopayogitvaM, mahattvaM, lokopakAritvaJca vizadIkriyate / sAmyavAdasya pravartakeSu 'eMjelsa' ( Angels ) - mahodayasya nAmadheyo'pi sAdaramullikhyate / sAmyavAdasya siddhAntAH - sAmyavAdasya rAddhAnteSu prAdhAnyena ime vicArA Apatanti-vargasaMgharSaM parisamApya vargahInasya samAjasya sthApanam, vargahInasamAjasthApanApuraHsaram asamAnatAyA apanayanam, janasya tatkSamatAnukUle karmaNi niyojanam, tadapekSita sAdhanAnAM ca prastutIkaraNam, utpAdyavastuSu vyakti vizeSasya vargavizeSasya vA svAmitvamapasAryaM samAjasya rAjyasya vA'dhikArasya saMsthApanaM, zoSitasya ( sarvahArAvargasya ) zramajIvivargasya svAmitvasaMsthApanam IzvaradharmaM-bhAgyAdi-pravRttInAM vAraNam; kriyAmUlakameva jIvanopayogi vastuvitaraNam; akarmaNyAya Avazyaka suvidhAnivAraNam; pU~jIvAdaM vinAzya sarvavidhazoSaNaprakArasya vinAzanam ; AbhuvanaM sAmyavAdasiddhAntapracAraNaM ca / sAmyavAdasyopayogitvam - sAmyavAda: pU~jIvAdasya baddhamUlo'rAtiH / tanmatAnusAraM samagre'pi bhuvane viSamatAyA atyAcArasya anyAyasya zoSaNasya ca mUlaM pU~jIvAda eva nirNIyate / pU~jIvAda eva sa doSAkaro vidhiH, yena bhuvane vaiSamyaM, vargasaMgharSaH, zoSaNaM, patitotpIDanaM, parAbhyudayopekSitvaM ca pracarati / eSa eva vidhiH vizvazAntivinAzapravaNaH, mAnavamaulikAdhikArasaMhArakaH, mAnavavikAsa-mArgAvarodhakazca vijJAyate / vizvazAnteH mAnavatAyAH saMrakSaNaM ca vargahonenaiva samAjena sambhavati / vizvasyAdhi-vyAdhinivAraNaM vargahIna samAjasaMsthApanayaiva pAryate / utpAdanasAdhaneSu vitaraNavyavasthAyAM ca sati samAjasyAdhikAre zoSakazoSitabhedo vilopsyate / tadaiva pAramArthikyAH samRddheH zAntezca darzanaM sulabham / sAmyavAdasya lokonnatau yogadAnam - sAmyavAdaprakriyAzrayeNa sarveSAmeva mAnavAnAM vikAsakAryeSu samAno'vasaraH, sadRzA eva ca suvidhAH lapsyante / tadA

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sAmyavAdaH 233 samAje na kazcana zoSako, na ca kazcana zoSito bhavitA / etAdRzasya vargahInasamAjasya saMsthApanaM sAmyavAdasya prakriyayaiva smbhaavyte| mAsamatAnusAraM sAmyavAdapaddhatau janazAsitasya rAjyasyaiva utpAdanasAdhaneSu pUrNAdhikAraH syAt / utpAdanasAdhaneSu sati rAjyAdhikAre paMjIvAdavyavasthA svayameva tirodhAsyate / yato hi tatra vyaktivizeSasyAdhikArasyAbhAvAt zoSaNaprakriyAyAH samUlocchedaH / na kevalametadeva, mArksa-mahodayaH rAjyasyAstitvamapi nAnumanute / vAstavika zAsanaM tu janazAsanameva tasyAbhimatam / pUMjIvAdavinAzAnantaraM dhaninAM cAbhAve, koTipatInAM vilope, pratikriyAvAdizaktivinAze ca mArksamahodayo nikhilasAdhaneSu lokAdhikAramanumodayati / satyAM vidrohAtmakasthitI adhinAyakatantrasya sthApanA syAditi vimRzya rAjyasaMghaTanApaddhatimapi tiraskaroti / prAntIyabhedAn pradezAdibhedAMzca apavAyaM vizvasamAjasaMsthApanam abhimatatvena pratipAdayati / sAmyavAdasya prasAraH-mAsaMprabhRtipratipAditAnAMrAddhAntAnAM pracArako mUrtarUpapradazca lenina ( Lenin )-mahodaya AsIt / sa eva vyAvahArikarUpeNa tanmataM pravartayAmAsa / sa eva mArksamahodayasya sandezaM pratigRhaM prApayat-'he vizvasya zramiNaH ! saGgacchadhvam / kevalaM svapAzabandha eva vinAzyaH, nAnyA bhavatAM hAniH / vijayazroryuSmAn vRnnote|' ( Workers of the world, unite. You have nothing to lose but your chains and have a world to win. ) / sa eva jAra-zAsanavinAzAya pUMjIvAdakSayAya ca sarvahArAvagaM saMgRhya vidrohaM prAvartayat / tatsahayogamavApya rUsadezasya bhAgyaparivartanaM saMjAtam / jArazAsanasaMhAreNa bhuvane sarvaprathamaM zramikazAsanaM pravRttam / evaM rUsadeze samAjavAdiprajAtantrasya saMsthApanamabhUt / rUsadeze sAmyavAdasya sAphalyaM rASTrANyanyAnyapi sAmyavAdasaMsthApanArtha prerayat / zramikavarge svAtantryabhAvataraGgAH samudvelitAH / yatra tatra vidrohAH rAjya-krAntayaH samajAyanta / sAmyavAdisamAjasaMsthApanAthaM ca sAmyavAdAnuyAyIni zAsanAni prAvartanta / teSu cInadezasya nAma praadhaanyenollekhmhNti| . ___sAmyavAdAlocanam-etannizcapracaM vaktuM pAryate yat sAmyavAdasiddhAnto lokapriyaH, lokAbhyudayakArI, zoSaNaprakriyAvinAzakaH, patitotpIDananivArakaH, anyAyAtyAcArAdidoSazamako loke pracarati, pracariSyati ca / svAdhikAralAbhabhAvanApreritA lokA: vAdamimaM sAdaramAzrayante / zoSaNaprakriyA tu vishvvyaapinii| na syAccet zoSaNabhAvodayastarhi vishissttbhautiksuukhaavaapti1rvaapaa| vAdo'yaM mRtaprAye'pi hIne dIne'pi kSutpipAsA'bhAvagraste'pi loke caitanyaM saJcArayati, svotkarSabhAvanAM ca jAgarayati / avitathametad yat sAmyavAdaprakriyA lokopakAriNI samAjonnati

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234 saMskRtanibandhazatakam sAdhikA ca / paraM vicAradRzA parIkSyate cet tatra kecana doSA nisargasiddhAH / sveSTasAdhanArthaM vidroheNa samaM hiMsAzrayaNamapi na vizvazAntisAdhanam / sati azAnterudreke zAntipATho vizvazAntivAdo vAdhUmAyiSyate / nAstikyamapi vAdasyaitasya mUlam / aGgIkRte nAstikyavAde kA nAma zaktiryA vizvazAntisthApane pravartayet / vidroho vidrohAntaraM janayati, saMkSobho saMkSobhAntaram, dIpo dIpAntaramiva / zoSakavinAzasamakAlameva pravartanAzakterabhAve zoSyavRndavinAzo'pi pratiSyate / sAmyavAde annavastrAdiprAptau yathA balamAdhIyate na tathA naitikAcAravicArasaMrakSaNe / adhinAyakavAdasyotpanirapi etanmatasya doSamAvahati / dharmasyopekSA, Izvare'vizvAsaH, nAstikyabuddhiH, naitikAcAropekSA, kalAvimukhatA, saMskRtiprAtikUlyaM cetyAdayo doSAH sAmyavAdasya garimANamapaharanti /

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69. vizvazAnterupAyAH vizvazAnte rAvazyakatA - jagadidam adhivyAdhipIDitam, duHkhadAvAgnidagdham, abhAvagrastam, cintAsahasranicitam avizvAsa - pizAca kSubdham, nRzaMsakarma-saMtrastam, annAdyabhAva-vizIrNa-cittam, kSut-pipAsAzIviSa- saMdaSTaM ca saMlakSyate / deze, videze, sarvasmizca bhUmaNDale krAntevidrohasya narasaMhArasya ca kAruNikaM dRzyaM prekSyate / zAnternAmApi na zrutipathamupayAti / sarvo'pi lokastrAsAdInAM saMhArAya, bhayAnAM vidhvaMsAya, avizvAsasya cApagamAya jIvane sukhazAntermUlaM kimapi tattvaM kAmayate / paraM tat tattvaM zAntizca kathamiva labhyA vizvazAntimantareNa / kRte'pi prayatne zAntiH saukhyaM samRddhizca duravApAnyeva / yatra zAntenivAsastatraiva sukhaM, vaibhavaM, zikSA, unnatiH, kalAvikAsaH, dharmacarcA, saMskRtisamudayaH, sabhyatotkarSaH, jIvikopalabdhiH, saukaryaM ca / vizvazAntiH kathaM saMbhavati ? - vizvazAnteH sadbhAvArthaM lokeSu samAjeSu rASTreSu ca sadbhAvodayasya samavedanAyAH sahAnubhUtezca paramAvazyakatA / sadbhAvAd Rte na parArthacintanam, paraduHkhAnubhUtiH, parazoSaNa - viratizca / tathaiva pArasparika vizvAsasya cAnivAryatvam / pArasparika - vizvAsa eva sadbhAvanAM prerayati, parArthasAdhanAyodbodhayati, paraduHkhApahArAyottejayati, svArthaparityAgapUrvakaM parArtivAraNAya ca mAnasam udvelayati / saMkIrNA rASTriyatA'pi vizvazAnteH pratyavAyarUpeNopatiSThate / tuccha rASTriya - bhAvanayaiva preritA dezA hInabalAni pararASTrANyAtmasAt kartuM prayatante / sAmpratikyAM sthitau na kazcana hInatamo'pi durbhikSAdigrasto'pi dezaH paratantratApAzaM gale pAdayorvA bandhuM kAmayate / svalpabalAH svalpAzcApi dezAH parAdhInatApAzaM samUlam unmUlya svAtantrya-sudhAM lebhire / kecana vAdA api vizvazAnti saMdUSayanti / tatra pU~jIvAdaH parazoSaNaikavRttiH, svArthasAdhanaikapravRttizca / sati jIvati pU~jIvAde vizvazAntiH sudurlabhaiva / sAmyavAdo dharma-AcAra-nIti-virahitatvAd lokopakAra karaNe kSamo'pi anAcAra -vidrohAdi prAbalyAd na janamAnasaM toSayati, apitu vargasaMgharSaM poSa - yati, Izvara-dharmAdi-maryAdAM dUSayati ca / ato dvayorapyetayorvAdayoH sattve na vizvazAntiH sambhAvyate / yuddha-jvAlA-jvalitAntarAtmAnaH, para-saMhAraikadakSAH, aNubama - prabhRtIni pralayAvahAni zastrANyastrANi ca niSpAdayanto barbarA eva kecana dezA vizvazAntim ahitAm azubhAM cAkalayanti / ata AvazyakamidaM yad ghAtakAstrANAM nirmANe pUrNAvarodhaH syAt / vizvazAnti sthApanAyAM yadyapi vartate rASTrasaMghasya mahad yogadAnam, tathApi rASTrasaMgho na samasyA samAdhAne vizvazAnti sthApane

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236 saMskRtanibandhazatakam ca prabhavati / rASTra-saMghasya bahavo nirNayA na pAlyante zaktimadbhiH pramukhairrASTriH / tadarthaM rASTrasaMghasya gauravAbhivRddhirapekSyate, yathA tannirNayo'skhalitarUpeNa sNpaalyet| ___ azAntermulaM svArthalipsA, svArthaparatA ca / evam abhAvagrastAnAM dezAnAM sAhAyya-vyapadezena pAratantryaM vidhIyate / etaddoSavAraNArtha rASTrANAM kRte svAvalambanam evekaM sAdhanam / vijJAnasya durupayogo'pi azAntemalam / yadi vijJAnena sahAdhyAtmaM na saMbaddhaM syAt tarhi vijJAnaM dossaayaiv| Isu-mahodaya AjIvanaM zAntyartha prAyatata / paraM tadanuyAyinaH svapne'pi na zAnti kAmayante / vizvAsasya prAdhAnyam apAsya taiH sAmprataM tarkasyaiva prAdhAnyam urarIkriyate / param AvazyakatA vartate tarka-nirodhasya, vizvAsa-saMsthApanasya ca / sarvavidhA'pi hiMsA azAntejananI / hiMsAyAH parityAgenaiva vizva zAntiH saMbhavati / nirastrIkaraNamapi vizvazAntisaMsthApanArtham upyogi| sarvodaya-bhAvanA, 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' iti bhAvanA, parahita-niratatva-kAmanA ca chadma-prapaJca-kUTanItyAdInAM niHsAraNapUrvakaM vizvazAnti baddhamUlAM sudRDhAM ca vidhAtuM prabhavanti / .

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70. chAtrANAM rAjanItI pravezaH ( chAtrA rAjanItizca ) upakramaH-chAtrANAM rAjanItI pravezaH syAd na veti, viSayo'yaM na kevalaM bhArate, api tu vizvasmin jagati pratirASTra samasyArUpeNa pracarati / viSaye'smin pracuro vivAdo viduSAm / tatra vividhA vipratipattiH, vibhinnAni matAni, vividhAH saiddhAntikAzca praznAH purataH samupasthApyante / viSaye'smin nakamatyaM vipazcitAM vartate, vatiSyate ca / viSayo'yaM zAzvatavivAdAspadam / chAtrANAM kartavyam-viSaye'smin sameSAmapi sudhiyAm aikamatyaM yat chAtrANAm adhyayanaM pramukhaM karma / vidyopAdAnam, zikSAgrahaNam, guNArjanam, caritronnatiH, zArIrika-mAnasika-Atmika-naitika balAdhAnam, hRSTatvam puSTatvam, sadguNasampannatvaM ca sadeva chAtreSvabhISyate / paJcaviMzati-varSaM yAvad brahmacaryAzramakAlo vidyAdhyayanakAlazca / vidyAdhyayanakAle sadguNeSvabhiruciH, adhyayane pravRttiH, guNArjane'bhinivezazca prazasyate kAmyate ca / tasmin kAle viSayAntara-vyapakSepasteSAm adhyayanam sarvavidhAm unnatiM ca niruNaddhi / ato ye ke'pi viSayAH syuH, tato dhyAnaM nivartya svakarmaNyeva chAtrAH pravarteran / / ___ sAmpratiko sthiti:--satyametad yad guNAjanaM vidyAgrahaNaM cAritrikonnatizca chAtrANAM pramukhaM kartavyam / paraM ko na jAnAti dezasya videzasya vA sAmpratikI lokasthitim / nahi sAmprataM prAkkAlavad jIvane nizcintatA, dhanadhAnyAvAptiH, sukhasauvidhyam, anAsaktatvam, sarvaviSayavinivRttizca / na kevalaM bhArate'pi tu samagre'pi bhuvane zAntibhRgatRSNeva varIvati / kSut-pipAsAsantApaH saMtApayati jIvanamakhilaM bhuvanaM nikhilaM ca / anna-vastrAdyabhAvaH samagravizvavad bhAratamapi atitarAM zoSayati glapayati ca / vRttyabhAvaH, AjIvikA-sAdhanAnAm abhAvaH, bhakSya-vastUnAm abhAvaH, jIvanopayogi-vastUnAM duravApatA ca kaM na prerayati jIvanoddazyAnAM punarmUlyAGkane samayAnukUla-gatividhi-saMcAlane c| chAtrANAmapi purata etAH samasyA jIvanAGgatvena samupatiSThante / chAtrA rAjanIto pravezaM kuryuveti pratipadaM pratividyAlayaM pratimahAvidyAlayaM prativizvavidyAlayaM ca carcAviSayo vicAravinimayaviSayazca / sarvato'valokyate yad rAjanItijuSAmeva sarvatra prAdhAnyam / ye rAjanItI pravezaM labhante, kRtyena akRtyena duSkRtyena vA netRtvaM bhajante, teSAmeva rAjyasaMcAlane rASTrasaMcAlane ca prAdhAnyam / rAjanItivirahitasya janasya maneriva jIvanama, nivRttipradhAnam ekAntavAsapramukhaM ca / sarvatra netRNAmeva gatiH pragatiH sadgatizca / netAro

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238 saMskRtanibandhazatakam netRputrA netRsaMbandhinazca sarvato bhAratabhuvam akAlameghavad durbhikSa-annAdyabhAvabhraSTAcArAdikam azubhaM sUcayanta AcchAdayanti / AcAreNa anAcAreNa durAcAreNa vA yat taiH kriyate, tat cATukArairdevakRtyavat prazasyate stUyate ca / evaMvidhAyAM sthitau ko na syAt chAtro vA mAnavo vA yaH svamahattvAkAMkSApUrtaye netRpadalAbhaM nAbhilaSyet / parAdhInatA-pAza-nigaDite bhAratavarSe mahAtmA gAndhi-prabhRtibhirne tRbhiH svAtantryayuddhe Atma-balidAnaM kartuM rASTrahitaM ca vidhAtuM chAtrA udbodhitAH / 1942 IsavIye 'bhAratabhuvaM tyajata' ( (Quit India ) Andolane bhAratIyaizchAtraiH kiM kiM na balidAnaM kRtam / ekataH satyAgrahAdi - karmasu pravRtte chAtrairmahAtmana AndolanaM samarthitam, aparatazca rAmaprasAda bismila - candrazekhara AjAda-bhagatasiMha-rAjaguru - sukhadeva - khudIrAma bosa - azphAkaullA - rAjendra lAhirI - prabhRti - bhizchAtraiH paJcanada-uttara pradeza - baMga- dezAdiSu krAntipUrNam AndolanaM pravartitam / zAnti-krAnti-pUrNayorAndolanayoH prabhAveNa bhAratasya svAtantryalAbho'bhUd iti viditameva viduSAm / rAjanIti-nirodhaH -- chAtrAH, abhibhAvakAH, adhyayanapravaNA adhyetArazca satataM kAmayante yanna syAd asmAkaM rAjanItI pravezaH paraM pratipadaM saMlakSyate yat chAtra-saMgha-mAdhyamena svArthepsubhirne tRbhizchAtravarge sva-sva-vAda- pracArArthaM te prabodhyante, Adizyante, nirdizyante, dhanAdibhiH samarthyante ca / vidhAnasabhAyAH saMsadazca nirvAcanAdiSu te chAtranetAro lobhopahatacetasaH krItA iva netR- nirdiSTa - vartmAnuyAyino bhavanti / evaM sukarametad vaktuM yat chAtrasaMdUSaNAya, chAtrapathabhraMzAya, adhyayana - vighAtAya cAsmAkaM netRvarga eva doSabhAk / svArthasAdhanAya kadAcid chAtrANAM rAjanItI pravezArtham udbodhanam, anyadA ca rAjanIti-praveza-nirodhAzrayaNasya pravacanam, 'manasyanyad vacasyanyat, karmaNyanyad durAtmanAm' iti duruktimeva samarthayate / evaM vicAryate cet tarhi vijJAyate yad chAtrA anicchanto'pi svArthalipsubhirnetRbhirnetRkalpaizca rAjanItIpravezArthaM prerynte| nAtra chAtravargo doSabhAk /

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71. vasudhaiva kuTumbakam ( 1. vizvabandhutvam ; 2. vizvadharmaH) vizvabandhutvasyAvazyakatA-jagadidaM sukha-duHkhAtmakam / sukhAnantaraM duHkham, duHkhAnantaraM ca sukham / sukha-duHkhayoH parivRttyA bhuvanametad vipadyate / nahi loke kazcana duHkham iSTatvena kAmayate / mumUrSurapi, jarAvyAdhizIrNagAtro'pi, cintA-sahasra-viSaNNo'pi, duHkhaM mRtyuM vA nAbhilaSyati, tarhi kathamiva duHkhanirodhaH saMbhAvyate / duHkhanirodhasyaika evopAyaH-bhuvane zAnteH saddharmasya ca sNsthaapnaa| yadi mAnavo mAnavaM svabandhutvadRzA nirIkSeta tarhi para-zoSaNaprakriyaiva samApyate / zoSaNasya ki mUlam ? svArthasiddhiH, svasUkhAvAptikAmanA ca / mahattvAkAMkSA ca mAnavaM parazoSaNe prerayati / yadi parArtha-niSpAdanapUrvakaM sva-sukha-sAdhanam abhilaSyet tarhi na pAraspariko vivAdaH kalahaH saMgharSaH parazoSaNaM ca pravarteran / vizvabandhutvasyopayogitA-atredaM vicArya yat kathaM mAnava AtmAnaM devaM mAnavaM dAnavaM vA katu prabhavati / aihalaukika-sukha-kAmanayA sahaiva cet pAralaukikI buddhiH syAt, jIvanAntare sukhAbhilASazca bhavet, tarhi na tathA mAnavaH pApAcaraNe pravarteta / para-hita-vinAzanam , parApakRti-sAdhanam, parArthanAzanaM ca na kevalaM doSAyaiva, apitu apakartarapi vinAzaM sAdhayati / duSkRtaM daSkRtaM janayati, sukRtaM ca sukRtam / vidveSo vidveSaM janayati, virodho virodham, kalahaH kalaham, yuddhaM ca yuddhAntaram / tathaiva snehaH snehaM vardhayati, prema premabhAvanAM jAgarayati, sahAnubhUtiH sahAnubhUtim, sadbhAvaH sadbhAvam , mamatA mamatvaM ca / dvayorapi pakSayoH pariNAmaH sulabhaH, anAyAsa-prekSyazca / sAmAjikaM rASTriyam antArASTriyaM vA kArya yadi sahAnubhUti-vizvAsa-mUlakaM tarhi tat sukhadaM samRddhikAri lokahitakAri ca saMpadyate / prAcIna ratIyairRSibhirmaharSibhizca satatamevodIritaM yat sarva-bhUtahita-sAdhanam asmAkaM lakSyam / tatra rASTradezAdibhedo vipajjanaka eva / yadA svArthabuddhiIyate tadaiva devatvaM jAgati / vedeSu yajJa-prakriyAyA etadeva mahattvaM yat tatra svArtha-parihAra-pUrvakaM parArtha-sAdhanaM zikSyate / etadeva yajJaprakriyAyAM svAhA ( sva-A hA, svArthasya sarvathA tyAgaH ), idaM na mama, ityAdibhiH padainirdizyate / nijatva-paratvabhAvanA tu alpdhiyaamevaabhimtaa| te mamedam , parakIyam etad iti vibhedam Azrayante / paraM jJAninastattvadarzinazca samatva-buddhim Azritya jagad-hitacintane sarvaloka-kalyANe ca pravartante / ata eva sAdhUcyate ayaM nijaH paro veti gaNanA lghucetsaam|| udAracaritAnAM tu vasudhaiva kuTumbakam // hitopadeza 1-69

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240 saMskRtanibandhazatakam vasudhaiva kuTumbakam-sarve'pi dezIyA videzIyA vA, ekasyaiva paramAtmanaH putrAH / tatra ki kAraNaM bhedaprathanam ? yadA'bhedadRSTiH pravartate, tadA jagadidaM svargamiva cakAsti / na tatra moha-zokAderavasaraH, na ca tadA vijugupsA vicikitsA vA bAdhate / ekatvabuddhau na duHkhAgnilezo'pi, klezalavo'pi ca / ataeva yajurvede IzopaniSadi ca procyate yastu sarvANi bhUtAnyAtmannevAnupazyati / sarvabhUteSu cAtmAnaM tato na vicikitsati // yaju0 40-6 yasmintsarvANi bhUtAnyAtmavAbhUda vijaantH| tatra ko mohaH kaH zoka ekatvamanupazyataH // yaju0 40-7 vizvadharma:-vizvadharma-bhAvanA vizvakalyANamUlA / 'kRNvanto vizvamAryam' (Rga09-63-5 ) iti vadato vedasyApyetadevAbhimatam / sarveSAM dharmANAM sArabhUtatattvAnAM saMgraheNa vizvadharmatvaM saMbhavati / ataeva pataJjalinA ahiMsA-satyAdi-yamAnAM mahattvaM varNayatA procyate yad yamAste guNAH santi ye sarvadharmaH svIkriyante / ete 'sArvabhaumA mahAvratam' iti vyapadizyante / ahiMsA-satyAsteya-brahmacaryAparigrahA ymaaH| yogadarzana 2-30 jAti-deza-kAla-samayAnavacchinnAH sArvabhaumA mahAvratam / yoga02-31 vizvadharme sarvodaya-bhAvanA mUlam Adhatte / ucyate ca sarve bhavantu sukhinaH sarve santu niraamyaaH| sarve bhadrANi pazyantu mA kazcid duHkhabhAga bhavet // ityasyApyeSa evAbhiprAyaH / yadi vivicyate tarhi jJAyate yad duzcaritaM mAnavaM dAnavaM vidhatte / satkarma mAnavasya mAnavatvaM poSayati / parahitAzrayaNaM vizvabandhutvaM ca mAnavaM devatvaM prApayati / jIvane devatvaprApti-kAmanA syAt cettahi 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' ityAptavAkyatvenAzrayaNIyaM vyavaharaNIyaM c| .

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72. dezabhaktiH ( 1. bhAratamahimA, 2. dhanyA bhAratabhUH prakAmavasudhA pratnA ca tatsaMskRtiH / ) na yatra dezoddhRtikAmanA''ste, na mAtRbhUmehitacintanaM c| na rASTrarakSA-balidAnabhAvaH, zmazAnatulyaM narajIvanaM tat // (kapilasya) prastAvanA-nikhile bhuvane na ko'pi naro yaH svamAtRbhUmi svadezaM vA na praNamati / rASTriyabhAvanaiva sA bhAvanA yA mAnavaM svadezonnatyathaM prerayati, svadezAbhimAnaM svadezagauravaM ca prANebhyo'pyadhikaM manyate / prAcInakAlAdeva dezabhaktirmAnavajIvane otA-protA ca / Rgvede-ahaM rASTrI saMgamanI vasUnAm (Rg0 10-125-3), yajurveda-vayaM rASTra jAgRyAma purohitAH syAma ( yaju0 9-23 ) / atharvavede ca pRthvIsUkte bahavo mantrAH prApyante dezabhaktibhAvopetAH / yathA-mAtA bhUmiH putro ahaM pRthivyAH ( a0 12-1-12), vayaM tubhyaM balihRtaH syAma ( a0 12-1-62) ityAdayaH / rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata-purANAdiSu svadezagauravaM dezabhaktizca bahudhA kIrtyate / svadezabhakti-bhAvanayaiva preritAH zatazo mahAtmAnaH zUrA vIrAzca sarvasvaM vihAyApi dezarakSaNaM vyddhuH| kecana ca dezonnatI svIyAn asUna tRNavad ujjhaaNckruH| dezabhakterAvazyakatA-deza-prema dezabhaktizca janmino'nivArya kartavyam / dezabhaktibhAvanayaiva preritAH zatazo vIrAH samarAGgaNe helayA svajIvanAni samarpayAmAsuH / dezabhaktyaiva dezonnatibhAvanA, samAjasudhArabhAvanA, samAjonatikAmanA, rASTra zrIvRddhikaraNam, zatrUnmUlana-puraHsaraM dezasya sarvavidha-sudRDhIkaraNaM pravartate / yatra na jAgati dezabhaktibhAvaH sa mAnavaH pazusaMkAzo gaNyate / ukkaM cAryabhASA-kavinA jisako na nijagaurava tathA nijadeza kA abhimAna hai| vaha nara nahIM, nara-pazu nirA hai, aura mRtaka samAna hai| ___ AGglabhASA-vidvAn Deniyala-vebsTara-mahodayo nirdizati yad asmAkaM jIvanoddezyaM rASTrameva, samagraM rASTram, na kiMcid anyat / Let our object be, our country, our whole country, and nothing but our country. -Daniel Webster. hAvArDa-mahodayo'pi dezahita-saMpAdanaM sarvotkRSTaM kartavyaM nirdizati / Our country's welfare is our first concern and who promotes that best, best proves his duty. -Havard. dezabhaktemahattvam-dezabhaktirmAnavAnAM sarvotkRSTaM kartavyam / yatra na

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242 saMskRtanibandhazatakam saMcarati, na pravahati ca dezabhaktidhArA tajjIvanaM zuSkasarideva / ataeva mAtRbhUmistutau pratyahaM gIyate / vande mAtaram / sujalAM suphalAM malayajazItalAm / zasya-zyAmalAM mAtarama, vande mAtaram / AMglabhASAyA bairana-kavirAha-yo na rASTre snihyati, na sa snehaM kartuM jaaniite| He, who loves not his country, can love nothing. . --Byion. kA nAma sA zaktiryA.mAtRbhUmi-hitAya sarvasvArpaNaM prati prerayati / dezabhaktireva sA zaktiryA dIpazikhAsu pataGgavad Atmotsarga zikSayati / tayaiva preraNayA mahArANA pratApa-zivAjI-mahAtmA gAndhi-subhASacandrabosa-javAharalAla neharU-vIra sAvarakara-lAlA lAjapatarAya-bAlagaMgAdhara tilaka-saradAra bhagatasiMhacandrazekhara AjAda-UdhamasiMha-gokhale-rAmaprasAda bismila-lakSmIbAI-maGgala pANDeya-nAnAsAhaba-bhAmA zAha-svAmI dayAnanda-saradAra paTela-prabhRtayaH svadehamohaM parityajya mAtRbhUmi-rakSArtha svotsarga cakruH / dezabhakti-bhAvanayaiva svadezAbhimAnam, svadeza-rakSA-saMkalpaH, Atmotsarga-bhAvanA, paropakAra-pravaNatA, naitikAbhyunnatizca saMbhAvyate / 'svAtantryam asmAkaM janmasiddho'dhikAraH' iti mahAtmanastilakasya vacanam adyApi jIvanaM prerayati / mAtA bhUmiH putro ahaM pRthivyAH--bhAratabhUmirasmAkaM jnnii| tatputratvena mAtuH rakSaNam asmAkaM paramaM kartavyam / ataeva sAdhu vyAhiyate 'jananI janmabhUmizca svargAdapi griiysii|' vayaM tubhyaM balihRtaH syAma / atharva0 12-1-62 satyavasare satyAM cAvazyakatAyAM mAtRbhUmeH saMkaTanivAraNArthaM prANArpaNenApi mAtRbhUmi-hitasaMpAdanaM sarveSAM zreSThaM karma / dhanyA bhAratabhUH-bhAratabhUmerguNagauravaM prakRSTonnatatvaM ca dhyAyaM dhyAyaM dhImadbhiH bhAratabhU-prazaMsanaM vyadhAyi / uktaM ca viSNupurANe-- gAyanti devAH kila gItakAni, dhanyAstu te bhAratabhUmibhAge / svargApavargAspadamArgabhUte, bhavanti bhUyaH puruSAH suratvAt // viSNu0 etasya guNagauravotkRSTatvaM prekSyaiva manunodghoSyate etaddezaprasUtasya skaashaadgrjnmnH| svaM svaM caritraM zikSeran pRthivyAM sarvamAnavAH // manu0 2-20 yadA sarva jagad ajJAna-dhvAntAvRtam abhUt, tadA bhArate vedodghoSaH prAvartata / ataeva bhAratIyA vaidikI ca saMskRtiH prAcInatamA preSThA ca /

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dezabhaktiH 243 sA prathamA sNskRtivishvvaaraa| yaju0 7-14 bhAratasya samRddhim Akalayyaiva videzIyairbhArataM suvarNapakSI ( sone kI cir3iyA ) iti prazasyate sma / agastya-buddha-azoka-prabhRtibhirvidezeSu bhAratIyaM gauravam, bhAratIyA saMskRtiH, vaidikadharmaH, bhAratIyA vicArAzca pracAritAH / ataeva sAdhUcyate-'dhanyA bhAratabhUH prakAmavasudhA dhanyA ca tat-saMskRtiH' / jayanti te hutAtmAnaH, kraantisndeshvaahkaaH| yeSAM jyotirjagatsavaM vidyotayati bhAnuvat // ( kapilasya) .

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73. saMskRtabhASAyA mahattvam (1. bhArate bhAtu bhAratI; 2. bhASAsu madhurA mukhyA divyA gIrvANabhAratI; 3. saMskRtAdhyayanasya mukhyaprayojanAni ) / RSINAmAdyAnAM gahanamananAvAptasuyazAH zratInAM zAstrANAM nikhilgnn-tttvaarthnilyaa| purAtattvAdhArA sakalabhava-jJAnAdhivibhavA __ jayed daivI vANI tribhuvanamanojJA budhapriyA ( kapilasya ) saMskRtasya svarUpam-kiM nAma saMskRtamiti jijJAsitaM cet pariSkRtaM, parizuddhaM, vyAkaraNAdidoSarahitaM yat tat saMskRtam / prAcInaH RSibhirmunibhizca bhASAgatadoSapariSkAreNa, apazabdAdidoSavAraNena yA pariSkRtA bhASA vyavahRtimAnItA saiva saMskRtabhASA-nAmnA sambodhyate, prazasyate, Adriyate ca / 'vidvAMso hi devAH' vidvajjanavyavahRtA ceyaM bhaassaa| saiva devabhASA, devavANI, gIrvANavANI, gIrvANagIrityAdibhirnAmadheyaH vyvhriyte| iyameva bhASA vikRtimApannA praakRtbhaassaapdmupgtvtii| seyaM bhASA bhAratIyAnAM prANarUpiNI, jIvanonnAyikA, satpathapradarzinI, AcAravicArapravartinI, kartavyAkartavyabodhinI, lokadvayahitasampAdinI ca / saMskRtasya vipulaM sAhityama-bhAratavarSasya samastamapi prAcInaM vAGamayaM saMskRtabhASAmAzrityaivAvatiSThate / nikhilamapi vaidika vAGmayaM, rAmAyaNaM, mahAbhArataM, purANAni, smRtigranthAH, darzanAni, dharmagranthAH, mahAkAvyAni, kAvyAni, nATakAni, gadyakAvyAni, gItikAvyAni, AkhyAnasAhityam, nItigranthAdayazca saMskRtabhASAyAmevopalabhyante / na kevalametadeva, vyAkaraNaM, kAvyazAstraM, gaNitaM, jyotiSam, AcArazAstraM, kAvyazAstram, AyurvedaH, dhanurvedaH, vAstukalAzAstram, arthazAstram, rAjanItizAstram, aitihyam, chandaHzAstram, kozagranthAzca saMskRtabhASAyA gauravamabhivardhayante / jJAnasya vijJAnasya na tAdRzaM kimapyaGgam, yannaivopalabhyate saMskRtabhASAyAm / prAcInAnAm RSINAM, maharSINAM, kavInAM, tattvajJAnAm anAratazramasyaiva phalametad yadIdRzaM vipulaM saMskRtavAGmayaM dRSTipathamupayAti / __ saMskRtasya purA lokavyavahAraH-prAcInabhAratIyasAhityAnuzIlanena sphuTametadavagamyate yad IsavIyasaMvatsarAt pUrvaM gIrvANagIriyaM janasAdhAraNe vyavahRtA'bhUt / na kevalaM vidvajjanavyavahRtabhASArUpeNaiveyaM prAyujyata, apitu laukikAnAmapi vyavahArAspadamabhUt / niruktakAro yAskaH saMskRtaM 'bhASA' ( vyavahArabhASA) iti nirUpayati / pANinikRtasUtrANyapi etadeva samarthayante / yathA-dUrAhvAne plutatvam, pratyabhivAde antimasvaraplutatvaM ca / pANininA vaidikalaukikabhASayoH

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saMskRtabhASAyA mahattvam vibhedo chandas-bhASA- - zabdayoH prayogeNa vidhIyate / etena vyavahRtabhASArUpeNa saMskRtasya prayogo lakSyate / prAcAm, udIcAm, ityAdibhiH prayogaizca saMskRtabhASAyA prAcyAdibhedo'vagamyate / mahAmuninA pataJjalinA 'sarve dezAntare' ityatra vividhapradezeSu prayujyamAnAnAM saMskRtazabdAnAM nidarzanAni prastUyante / mahAbhASye sUtazabdavyutpattiviSaye sUtavaiyAkaraNayovivAdaH kasya na manoraJjanamAvahati / sUto vaiyAkaraNaM nirbhartsayannAha - ' prAptijJo devAnAM priyaH, na tviSTijJaH, iSyate etad rUpam' ( mahA0 2|4|56 ) / 245 rAmAyaNakAle, mahAbhAratakAle ca saMskRtabhASaiva lokavyavahRtibhASA - bhUditi pAzcAttyairapi nirvivAdam UrarIkriyate / hanumAn azokavATikAyAM sItAM prApya saMskRtam Azrityaiva vivakSati - 'vAcaM codAhariSyAmi mAnuSImiha saMskRtAm ' ( vA0 sundarakANDa 30 / 17 ) / bauddhakavirazvaghoSa: prAkRtabhASAM parityajya buddhacarita -saundarananda- kAvyadvayaM saMskRtabhASAyAmeva niramimIta / dvitIyazatAbdI IsavIyAdArabhya ekonaviMzatitamazatAbdI yAvat sarve'pi zilAlekhAH prAyeNa saMskRtabhASAzrayA eva / rAjJo bhojasya kAle saMskRtasya pracuraH pracAro lokavidita eva / kavibilhaNaH kazmIradezajanArINAM saMskRtabhASAjJAnaM tatprayogaJca pramANayati / maikaDAnala-kItha - viNTaranitsa - pAla DAyasana - viNDiza- harTala - prabhRtayaH pAzcAttyavidvAMso'pi na kevalaM purAkAle eva, apitu adyAvadhi saMskRtabhASAyAH sajIvatvam, vyavahRtitvaM ca sAdhayanti / saMskRtasya mahattvaM gauravaM ca --- saMskRtabhASAyA mahattvaM na kevalaM bhAratIyaireva apitu pAzcAttyairapi sAhlAdamaGgIkriyate / vizvasya prAcInatamaM sAhityamatraivopalabhyate / atra vaidikasAhityaM, mukhyataH RgvedaH, vizeSata ullekhamarhati / vizvasya prAcInatamAyAH saMskRteH sabhyatAyAzca yathArthAvagamAya saMskRmevaikaM sAdhanam / vizvasaMskRterAdhArazilA saMskRtavAGmaye eva prApyate / tanmUlakameva vizvasaMskRteH tulanAtmakamadhyayanaM prastUyate / saMskRte jJAna - vijJAnakalA-saMskRti-dharmaM-darzana - arthazAstra - vyAkaraNa - kAvyazAstra - AyurvedAdi - viSayeSu yathA vipulaM prAcInaM vAGmayamupalabhyate na tAvadanyatra kasyAmapi bhASAyAm / maikaDAnalamatAnusAraM samagra sabhyatAyA mUlaM saMskRtavAGmaya eva nihitam / mAnavajAtivikAsAdhyayanArthaM mUlasrotastvena bhAratIyaM vAGmayaM grIkasAhityA - pekSayA gurutaram / dharmadarzanayoH kSetre saMskRtasya utkarSaH sarvAtizAyI / adhyAtmazAstrAnuzIlanAya, kAvyatattvajJAnAya, nItitattvAvabodhAya, AcAra zikSAsaMgrahAya, prAcInavidhAnajJAnAya, gaNita - jyotiSa - arthazAstra - kAmazAstra saGgItanRtyAbhinayAdikalAnAM sUkSmAtisUkSmajJAnAya saMskRtavAGmayamevaikaM zaraNam / vizvaprema- vizvabandhutva - vizva saMskRtyAdInAm AdhAratattvajJAnArthaM saMskRtasyAnuzIlanamanivAryam /

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246 saMskRtanibandhazatakam bhASAsu madhurA mukhyA divyA gIrvANabhAratI-gIrvANagiro mAdhurya kasya na sacetasazceta Avarjayati / kAlidAsa-mAgha-zrIharSa-jayadevAdInAM kAvyAni / pratipadaM mAdhuryopetAni, saGgItAtmakAni, lAlityavanti ca santi / devavANyA mAdhurya-guNamugdhA eva sara viliyama joMsa-geTe-prabhRtayaH pAzcAttyA vipazcito'pi tadguNAnuvAdaparA abhUvan / 'meghe mAghe gataM vayaH' 'madhurakomalakAntapadAvalI zRNu tadA jayadevasarasvatIm' (gIta0 113 ) ityAdaya AbhANakAH kAlidAsamAgha-jayadevAdInAM padamAdhuryaM manojJatvaM sahRdayAsvAdyatvaM ca puSNanti / etanmAdhuryApahRtacetasaH zatazaH pAzcAttyA gItArAmAyaNAdInAM paThane, zravaNe, anuvAde ca prAvartanta / bhArate tu na kevalaM vijJA evApitU rasAsvAdapravaNA lalanA api saMskRtAdhyayanaM vyadadhuH / AkarNyate yad maNDanapaNDitabhavanaviSaye pRSTA nAryaH tamevamUcuH-'svataHpramANaM parataHpramANaM kIrAGganA yatra giro giranti / dvArasthanIDAntarasanniviSTA jAnIhi tnmnnddnpnndditaukH'| saMskRtAdhyayanasya prayojanAni-saMskRtAdhyayanasya prayojanAni vicintyante cettahi sukarametadvaktaM yat saMskRta-bhASaiva adhyAtmajyotiHpradA, AcArazAstrazikSikA, jIvanonnatikAriNI, jJAnAgninA mohAndhatamasavinAzikA, satpathapradarzikA kAcidanuttamA zaktiH / adhyAtmadRzA tattvArthadIpikA, vyavahAradRzA ca vRttisAhAyyamAcarantI, krtvyodbodhnpraa| asya mukhya prayojanatvena ete vizeSA gaNayituM zakyante--vedoktadharmajJAnam, AryasaMskRtijJAnam, AryasabhyatAvaiziSTyajJAnam, prAcInabhAratIyavaibhavAvagamaH, darzanatattvAvabodhaH, kartavyAkartavyajJAnam, vizvabandhutvabhAvodayaH, AstikyabuddhiH, vivecanAtmikA dRSTiH, vividhabhASAsampRktatvam, zIlapradhAnaM zikSAdarzanam, prAcInaparamparAjJAnaM ceti / saMskRtasya bhASAzAstrIyaM mahattvam-bhAropIyaparivAre saMskRtabhASaiva praaciintmaa| tanmalakameva bhASA-vijJAnasya udbhavaH / saMskRta-grIka-laiTinabhASANAM tulanAtmakenAdhyayanena bhASAvijJAnasya udbhavaH / saMskRtabhASAyAmupalabdhaM vAGmayaM bhASAzAstrIyAM sarvAmapyAvazyakatAM pUrayati / saMskRtabhASAmUlakameva tulanAtmakadevazAstrasyotpattiH / ataeva maikaDAnalamahAbhAgenAbhidhIyate The discovery of the sanskrit language led to the foundation of the science of comparative philology, an acquaintance with the literature of the Vedas resulted in the foundation of the science of Comparative Mythology. -MACDONELL-H.S.L. P.5. viNTaranitsa-mahodayo'pi saMskRtabhASAM bhASAvijJAnasya AdhAratvenorIkaroti In the earliest ages the Indians already analysed their ancient sacred writings with a view to Philology, classified

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saMskRtabhASAyA mahattvam the linguistic phenomena as a scientific system and developed their grammar so highly that even today modern Philology can use their attainments as a foundation. 247 -Winternitz H.I.L. P. 8. saMskRtabhASAzrayeNa sarvA api bhAratIyA bhASAH sAralyenAvagantuM pAryante / yato hi tatra pratizataM SaSTi-pratizatAdArabhya azItipratizataM yAvat saMskRtazabdAH prayujyante / jarmana-phreJca -AGglabhASAdiSvapi mahatI saMkhyA saMskRtasya tatsama-tadbhava zabdAnAm / evaM vijJAyate yat bhASAvijJAna- dRSTyA saMskRtabhASA bahumUlya nidhiH / saMskRtasya sAMskRtikaM mahattvam - sAMskRtikadRSTyA saMskRta bhASA anarghA preSThA ca / bhAratasya tu bhASaiSA sAMskRtiko nidhiH / nikhilamapi sAMskRtikaM vAGmayaM saMskRtamAzrityaivAvatiSThate / vizvasaMskRtiparijJAnArthamapi saMskRtabhASA aparihAryA / tulanAtmaka saMskRtivicAre saMskRtabhASeva sAhAyyamAcarati / saMskRtabhASAzrayaiva saMskRtiH sudUrapUrvavatiSu brahmadeza zyAma-yava- sumAtrAdi dvIpeSu pracacAra / amerikA-yUropadezastha saMskRtiSvapi etasyA akSaya: prabhAvaH parilakSyate / dharmArthakAmamokSAtmakapuruSArtha catuSTayasya sAdhanaM saMskRtavAGmayameva / prAgaitihAsika-tattvAvabodhAya saMskRtamevaikaM zaraNam / bhAropIyasaMskRteH prAcInatamarUpAvagamAya saMskRtaM vihAya nAnyA gatiH / saMskRtavAGmayAzrayeNaiva pAzcAttya-paurastyasaMskRtyoH samanvayaH, samparkaH, saGgatizcAvagamyate / bhAratIyasaMskRteH vizuddharUpajJAnAya saMskRtavAGmayamevaikaM sAdhanam / jainabauddhacArvAkAdisaMskRtayo'pi saMskRtabhASAzrayA eva / bhArate bhAtu bhAratI - yadi bhAratasya sarvAGgINA samunnatiH kAmyate, sarvasukhado vikAsazcAbhilaSyate tarhi saMskRtasya pracAraH, prasArazca nitarAma - nivAryam / vaidikasAhityAd udbhUtA seyaM saMskRtabhASA - paramparA adyAvadhi jIvati - tamAm / mRtabhASAbhASiNo janAH saMskRtavAGmayajJAnAbhAvAt svIyaM mUDhatvameva pradarzayanti / harSAvaho'yaM viSayo yadadyatve'pi saMskRta-sAhityaM, kAvyAni, nATakAni, gItikAvyAni, gadyasAhityam vividhAH patra-patrikAzca pratisaMvatsaraM prakAzyante, sahasrazo lakSazazca teSAmadhyetAro darIdRzyante / bhAratasarvakAro'pi viSaye'smin jAgarUkatAM pradarzayati / akSayo'yaM nidhiH sarvathA sarvadA ca adhyeyoanuzIlanIyaH, sammAnyo, vikAsanIyazca / etadeva saMprArthya viramyate yat-suvarNA sadvRttA vividhalalitAlaGkRticaNA, guNADhyA nirdoSA vibudhanivahArAdhitapadA / surItiprakhyAtA bhavavibhavarUpAzritarasA, sadeyaM zarvANI jayatu suravANIha satatam // 1

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74. saMskRtasya rakSArtha prasArArtha copAyAH saMskRtaM saMskRtizca-suviditametat sameSAmapi zemuSImatAM yad bhAratIyA saMskRti dhigantuM pAryate sNskRtjnyaanmntraa| saMskRtimantareNa nirjIvaM jIvanaM jIvinaH / saMskRtihi svAntasya saMskI, sadbhAvAnAM bhAvayitrI, guNagaNasya grAhayitrI, dhairyasya dhArayitrI, damasya dAtrI, sadAcArasya saMcArayitrI, durgaNagaNasya damayitrI, avidyAndhatamasasyApanodayitrI, AtmAvabodhasyAvagamayitrI, sukhasya sAdhayitrI, zAnteH sandhAtrI ca kAcidanuttamA zaktiH / seyaM saMskRtirajasraM rakSaNIyA pAlanIyA parivardhanIyeti bhAratIyasaMskRteH samuddhArAyAvabodhAya ca saMskRtajJAnamanivAryam / ___ saMskRtasya mahattvam-- samagramapi purAtanaM bhAratIyaM vAGamayaM saMskRtamAzrityAvatiSThate iti suviditam / na kevalaM bhAratIyasaMskRtirakSaNArthamevAvazyakaM saMskRtamapitu saMskRtametat vividhasaMskRtiprasArasAdhanam, bhAratIyabhASANAmabhivRddhihetuH, rASTrabhASAyAH samunnateH sAdhakam, AryabhASAyA gauravasya prANabhUtam, vizvavAGmayasya pathipradarzakam, jIvanadarzanasya darzakam, AcArazAstrasya zikSakama puruSArthasya prayojakama, vividhaviruddhasaMskRtisamAhArasAdhakam , prAntIyAnAM prAdezikAnAM ca vikRtInAM vivAdAnAM saMgharSANAM ca prazamanam, rASTriyabhAvanAyAH sadvRttatAyAzcAbhivRddhamalam, vaidikavAGmayAlokasya prasArahetuH, AdhyAtmikyA bhautikyAzca samunnateH sAdhanamiti sutarAmavadheyam / saMskRtyA vAGmayena ca vihInasya dezasya jAtezcAdhaHpatanamanivAryam / dvayorevaitayoH saMrakSaNena saMvardhanena ca samedhate zrIH sarvasyA api saMsRteH ityetadevAvadhArya saMskRtasya saMrakSaNasya pracArasya prasArasya ca bhUyasyAvazyakatA'nubhUyate sAmpratam / saMskRtasya prasAropAyAH-asya rakSaNapracAraprasAropAyAzca samAsato'tra vivicyante samupasthApyante ca (1) saMskRtakAThinyApanodanam-kliSTA, durUhA, durbodhA ceyaM gIrvANagIriti lokAnAM vicAraH prazamaM neyaH / saralA, subodhA, prasAdaguNopetA ceyaM prayojyA vyavahAryA ca / saralA subodhaiva ca bhASA pracarati prasarati cetyavagantavyam / 2) saMskRtavyAkaraNasya saralIkaraNam-saMskRtasya prasAre pracAre ca saMskRtavyAkaraNasya kAThinyaM mahad bAdhakam / vyAkaraNaM saralaM kAryam / sUtrANAM kaNThasthIkaraNe na balamAdheyam / vyAkaraNaniyamA anuvAdadvArA prayoga-zailyA ca zikSaNoyAH / prayogazailyA'vagatA niyamAstathA baddhamUlA bhavanti, yathA nAnyenopAyena / ( 3 ) navazabdAnAm AtmasAt-karaNam-vividhAsu bhASASu prayujyamAnA navabhAvAvabodhakA navyAH zabdAH saMskRtazabdAvalyAM saMskRtasvarUpapradAnadvArA AtmasAt karaNIyAH / saMsRtau vyavahriyamANAH sarvA eva pramukhA bhASAH zailImimAmAzrayante / prakAreNaitena tAsAM bhASANAM pragatirudgatirjAgRtizca saMsUcyate / samAdRtA''sIt zailIyaM prAk saMskRte'pi /

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saMskRtasya rakSArthaM prasArArthaM copAyAH 249 ( 4 ) navabhAvAvabodhanam -- vizvasAhitye prayujyamAnAH sarve'pi bhAvAH saharSa - mAzrayaNIyAH prayojyAzca / navabhAvAvabodhanArthaM nUtanA zabdAvalI prayojyA nirmAtavyA vA / videzIyanavazabdagrahaNe na saMkoca pravRttirAstheyA / ( 5 ) saMskRtabhASA - vyavahAraH - jIvitA samRddhA ca saiva bhASA yA loke vyavahriyate prayujyate ca / saMskRtabhASAyAH pracArAya prasArAya cAnivAryametad yat saMskRtajJAH saMskRtamAzrityaiva vyavahareyuH / bhASaNe lekhane vAde vivAde saMlApe patravyavahAre ca saMskRtameva prayuJjIran / ( 6 ) navagrantha racanA - navInAn viSayAnAzritya saMskRte navagrantharacanA syAt / sAmpratike kAle pracalitAH sarve'pi viSayAH saMskRtamAdhyamena sulabhAH syuH / etadarthaM vividhavidyAniSNAtAH saMskRtajJAH savizeSamuttaradAyitvaM bhajante teSAM caitatpAvanaM karma / (7) navaviSayAdhyayanam - saMskRtajJAnAM kRte'nivAryametad yat te saMskRtAdhyayanena sahaiva bhUgolamaitihyaM vijJAnAdiviSayAn videzIyA bhASAzcAdhIyIran / vividhavidyAdhyayana mantareNAzakyaM dhiyo visphuraNam / ( 8 ) anveSaNa - kAryam - saMskRte'nveSaNakAryaMsya mahatyAvazyakatA / anveSaNakAryameva gauravAdhAyi / anveSaNenaiva vAGmayasya mahattvamutkarSazcAvagamyate / etadarthaM mahAn zramo'pekSyate / (9) saMskRtagranthAnAmanuvAdaH - saMskRtasya pracArArthaM prasArArthaM cAvazyakamado yat sarveSAmapi pramukhAnAM saMskRtagranthAnAM na kevalaM bhAratIyAsu bhASAsveva prAmANiko'nuvAdaH syAdapi tu vizvasya sarvAsveva pradhAnAsu bhASAsu teSAmanuvAdaH syAt / kAryaM caitat sarvakAraprayatnena tatsahayogena , sambhavati / ( 10 ) sulabhagranthamAlAprakAzanam -- sarveSAmapi pramukhAnAmupayoginAM ca saMskRtagranthAnAM sAnuvAdam alpamUlyakaM saMskaraNaM prakAzitaM syAt / mahArghANAM cAkaragranthAnAM sArAMzarUpaM saMskaraNaM sAnuvAdaM pracArArthaM prakAzitaM syAt / (11) vaijJAnika zailIsamAzrayaNam - vaijJAnikoM zailIM samAzritya saMskRtaM prAripsUnAM bAlAnAM saMskRtapremiNAM ca kRte subodhA hRdyAzca granthAH praNeyAH / ( 12 ) saMskRtasyAnivAryazikSaNam - Arya ( hindI ) - bhASayA sahaiva saMskRtamapi sarveSu vidyAlayeSvanivAyaM syAt / saMskRtamUlakameva hindIbhASAjJAnaM zreyovahamiti sameSAM sudhiyAm atraikamatyam / (13) paThanapAThanapaddhati pariSkAraH - saMskRtasya pracArArthamAvazyakametad yat saMskRtasya paThanapAThanapraNAlI sAmpratikIM vaijJAnikoM paddhatimanusaret / tatra ca syAdAvazyakaH pariSkAraH / (14) viluptagranthoddhAraHsaMskRtasyAneke mahArghA granthA viluptA viluptaprAyA jIrNAH zIrNA vA yatra tatropalabhyante / teSAmabhyuddhAra Avazyaka: / (15) sarvakAra sahayogaH -- sarvamupariSTAdabhihitaM sarvakArasahayogenaiva sambhavati / sarvakArasya kartavyametad yad sa saMskRtajJAnamAdriyeta, saMskRtavAGmayaprasAre sAhAyyamAcaret, rAjakIyavRttiSu saMskRtajJAnam anivAryaM kuryAt, saMskRtazikSoddhAre prayateta ca / --

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75. bhAratIya-zikSApaddhatau apekSitAH pariSkArAH (bhAratIya-zikSA-paddhatyA guNadoSavimarzaH) ajJAnAndhatamaHpraNodapravaNA lokopakRtyekadRk pASaNDAdinivAraNakamatidA modAvahA mAninAm / sadvRttena vivardhitAkhilaguNA yA zasyate jJAniSu yA dehAtmamanovikAsarucirA zikSA'stu sA zreyase // (kapilasya) zikSAyAH svarUpam--zikSA kIdRzI syAt ? iti praznaH prAkkAlAdeva vicAra-carcA-viSayaH / 'sA zikSA yA vimuktaye', 'yA loka-paralokobhayasAdhanI sa vidyaa'| AcAryo brahmacaryeNa brahmacAriNamicchate / atharva0 11-5-17 brahmacArI janayan brahmApo lokaM prajApati parameSThinaM virAjam / garbho bhUtvA'mRtasya yonAvindro ha bhUtvA'surAMstataha // atharva0 11-5-7 ityatra jitendriyatvaM sarvotkRSTa-guNa-saMpannatvaM duzcaritrAdivAraNaM zikSAyA uddezyaM nirUpyate / evaM yayA sarvAGgINA samunnatiH saMjAyate sA zikSA / bhAratIya-zikSA-paddhatyA guNA doSAzva--sAmpratikI bhAratIyA zikSApaddhatiH vargAdibhedam anAzritya sarvajanasulabhetyeva bhAratIyazikSA-paddhaterguNaH / aparato doSAzced lakSyante tarhi zikSA-paddhatiriyaM vividhaasaadhyrog-grstaa| tatra pradhAnatvenollekhyA doSAH santi--1. Astikya-dhArmikatA-caritra-jitendriyatva-brahmacarya-satyabhASaNAdi-guNAnAm upekSA / 2. svArthabuddheH, asaMyamasya, anaitikatAyAzcApratihataH prasAraH / 3. zikSA-paddhaterdoSAt parIkSANAM doSAkulatvam / 4. parIkSAvidherdUSitA prnnaalii| 5. upAdhInAm avamUlyanam / 6. vRtti-prApti-samasyotpAdanam / 7. dUSita-rAjanIteH pravezaH / 8. zramezramakArye vA'ruciH / 9. zikSAyA arthakarItvAbhAvaH / / zaikSikadRSTyA'pekSitAH pariSkArAH--(1) zaikSika-staronnayanam-- zikSAstare sarvato'vanatiravalokyate / vaidezika-zikSA-paddhati-stara-dRSTyA bhAratIya-zikSAstaro'vanatatamo vijJAyate / vizeSatazca vijJAna-iMjIniyariMgameDikala-Teknikala-viSayeSu / zikSA-staronnayanaM vinA na zikSA zreyase bhaviSyati / (2) zikSaNapaddhatau pariSkAraH--vartamAna-zikSApaddhatau na tathA viSayabodhe balam AdhIyate, yathA raTana-paddhatau / viSayabodham antareNa na tttvaarthaavgmH| (3) parIkSApaddhatau pariSkAraH--parIkSA-paddhatau AmUlacUlaM parivartanam issyte| sAmpratikI parIkSA-paddhatiryogyatA nirdhAraNaM vihAya, yena kenApi prakAreNa sAdhunA asAdhunA vApAyena parIkSottaraNam, tatra ca yogya-zreNIprApaNaM samarthayate / (4) zodha-pravRtyudbhAvanam--chAtreSu viSayAn prati svAbhAvikI abhiruciH udiyAt, yena jIvane tasya tattvAvagAhitvaM gambhIrAdhyayanaM ca saMpadyeta / pallavagrAhi-pANDityaM na svakalyANAya na ca dezakalyANAya

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bhAratIya-zikSApaddhatI apekSitAH pariSkArAH 251 saMpatsyate / (5) anupayogi-viSaya-niHsAraNam-zikSAkrame, pradhAnato vidyAlayIya-zikSAkrame, bahavo'nupayogino viSayAH pAThyatvena nirdhAryante / teSAM pAThyakramAd niHsAraNam Avazyakam / yathA-urdU-bhASAdhyayanam, tribhASAphArmalAprayoga-rUpeNAnivAryatvena AMglabhASAdhyayanaM dAkSiNAtyabhASAdhyayanaM vA / sAmprataM vidyAlayeSu zilpaviSayANAM zikSaNaM kevalaM manoraJjanAyaiva bhavati / ___ rASTriya-dRSTayA'pekSitAH pariSkArAH-(1) rAjanIti-niSkAsanamchAtrasaMgha-mAdhyamena chAtreSu rAjanItirAropyate / anicchanto'pi chAtrA netavargeNa vizvavidyAlayAdiSu svavAda-pracArArtha preryante, tadarthaM dhanavyayazca vidhIyate, etat sarvathA garhaNIyam / (2) dezabhakti-bhAvodayaH-chAtreSu dezabhakti-bhAvodayAya zikSAnidezakairna kizcid nirdizyate / phalasvarUpam adhItino vidyArthino dezabhaktibhAvanA-zUnyAH saMlakSyante / (3) krIDAdInAM suvyavasthA-chAtrANAM krIDA-viSaye nAbhirucirjAgaryate / krIDAyogyatA-virahitaM jIvanaM niSphalaM nirarthakaM c| sAmAjikadRSTayA'pekSitAH pariSkArAH-(1) zrama-mahattva-zikSaNamAdhunika-zikSAyAM zArIrika-zrama-mahattvaM na zikSyate, na ca prazasyate / ataeva svAvalambanabhAvo'pi na jAgati / zArIrika-parizrame, kSetrAdiSu kAryakaraNe, svacchatA-kArya-saMpAdane gauravamevAvagantavyam / na ca tatra lajjAyAH kiMcit kAraNam / evaM mahAtmano gAndheH siddhAntam anusRtya zramamahattvaM zikSaNIyam / (2) jAtIya-doSa-nirAkaraNam-kecana vidyAlayA mahAvidyAlayAzca brAhmaNakSatriya-vaizyAdi-varga-vizeSam Azritya saMcAlyante / etat sarvathA doSAvaham / sampradAya-bhAvanayApi pravartitA AGgla-yavanAdi-vidyAlayA dezonnatI bAdhakAH, sampradAya-viSa-pravezena ca doSam Atanvate / Arthika-dRSTayA'pekSitAH pariSkArAH-(1) zikSAyA arthakarItvamazikSAyA arthakarItvam anivAryam / yA'dhItinAM jIvikAnirvAhaM vRttivyavasthA ca na sAdhayati, na sA zikSA zreyase / (2) vizvavidyAlayeSu chAtrapravezaniyantraNama-vizvavidyAlayeSu ye'dhyayanarucayaH, vyutpannAH, vividhazAstradakSAH, ta eva prveshyaaH| tatra ca viSayavizeSajJatAm anurudhyAdhyApanavyavasthA syAt / kevalam upAdhiprAptyarthaM chAtrapravezo na syAt / ( 3 ) audyogika prazikSaNamvidyAlayeSu tathA audyogikaM yAntrikaM hastakalAviSayakaM vividhakalA-viSayakaM zikSaNaM syAt, yathA kuTIrodyoge laghudyoge ca chAtrANAM jJAnam upayujyeta / evaM vRtti-samasyA kathaMcid nirAkatuM zakyate / (4) na karaNikotpAdanamkaraNika ( klarka, bAbU )-vargasyotpAdanaM na zikSAyA uddezyam / (5) zikSAyAH svalpavyayasAdhyatvam-sAmpratikI zikSA tathA vyayasAdhyA, yathA nirdhanAnAM sAmAnyajanAnAM coccazikSA-grahaNaM suduSkarameva / etaddoSanirAkaraNaM zikSAzAstribhizcintanIyam /

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252 saMskRtanibandhazatakam . naitika-dRSTayA'pekSitAH pariSkArAH-(1) AcArazikSA-satya-brahmacaryAdi-mahattvazikSaNam anivArya syAt / antareNa naitikazikSAM jIvanaM pAzavikam AsuraM ca pravarteta / (2) mAtRvat paradAreSu-parayoSitsu mAtRvat parakanyAsU ca bhaginIvad vyavaharaNaM zikSyate cet tahi bahavaH samasyAH svayameva smaadhaasynte| (3) bhoga-vilAsitA-nirAkaraNam-yathAyathA vardhate viSayabhogepsA, tathA tathA jIvanaM doSam anveti / viSaya-bhogecchA-vRddhireva chAtreSu anaitikatAyAH cAritryabhraMzasya ca malam / (4) guru-ziSya-saMbandha:-guruziSyANAM sambandhastathAvidhaH syAd yathA dvAveva anyonya-hita-sampAdana-pUrvaka sAmaJjasyaM sampAdayetAm / 'saha nAvavatu saha nau bhunaktu / saha vIyaM karavAvahai / ' sAmprataM guru-ziSyayorna tathA sAmaJjasyamiti cintyam / ___sAMskRtika dRSTyA'pekSitAH pariSkArAH-(1) sAMskRtikadRSTiH-chAtreSu sAMskRtikadRSTyA vikAsaH syAd yena dharmAbhiruciH, caritronnatI abhiruciH, vividha-nRtya-gIta-vAdatrAdi-kalAsu pravRttiH, vinayAdi-guNa-samanvayazca syAt / sAMskRtikonnati saMpannaiva zikSA zreyase syAt / (2) yantrIkaraNatyAgaHchAtrANAM yantravat saMcAlanaM sneha-sauhArdAdi-guNa-vyapetatvAt teSa prema-karuNAdihInatvaM janayati / na tAdRzI zikSA zreyase, lokahitAya c|| saMskRtabhASA-dRSTayA'pekSitAH pariSkArAH-(1) ArSapaddhaterunnayanam-prAcInA ArSapaddhatiH sarvathopekSyate tyajyate ceti rASTra-gauravapratikUlam / gurukulAnAM zikSApaddhatI yathA AcArasya, brahmacaryasya, sAttvikatAyAH, guruziSya-sadvyavahArasya, cAritrikonnatezca samanvayaH, tathA na aadhunikshikssaa-pddhtau| (2) pAzcAttya-prabhAva-tyAgaH-bhAratIya-zikSA-paddhatI pAzcAttyaprabhAvo yathA yathA vardhate tathaiveyaM paddhatirdoSapUrNatvam upaiti / pAzcAttyapraNAlI, AMgla-bhASA-saMrakSaNam, bAhyADambarazca yathA pAzcAttyadezAnukalaM na tathA bhAratadezAnukalaM, bhAratagauravAnurUpaM ca / lArDa-maikAleprabhRtInAM zikSAviSayakaM mataM bhAratagauravabhraMzAya bhAratIya-saMskRti-dhvaMsAya ca / (3) saMskRta-pAThazAlAdInAm anupekSaNam--prAcIna-paddhatim anusatya pravartitAH saMskRtapAThazAlAH saMskRtamahAvidyAlayAdayaH sapatnIkasutA ivopekSyante, dAridrayAnala-saMdhukSitAzca saMprekSyante / tribhASA-phArmalA tu saMskRtabhASAyAH samUlonmUlanAyaiva smjni| etadanusAraM saMskRtasya zikSAkrame sthAnameva suduSkaram / (4) dhArmika-pranthAdhyayanam--dhArmikagranthAnAm adhyayanaM cAritronnatisAdhanaM sAMskRtikasamutkarSArthaM ca / veda-gItA-rAmAyaNamahAbhAratopaniSadAdInAM saMkalitA mahattvapUrNAH sandarbhA anivAryatvena pAThayAH syuH| tAdRzAH sandarbhAH sAMskRtikAbhyudayAya lokahitAya cAritrikonnatyai ca bhaviSyanti / *

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76. zikSA manovijJAnam ( Educational Psychology) ( 1. zikSA-darzanam, 2. zikSAyA uddezyam ) satyAcAra-vicArazikSaNaparA sarvAGgikImunnati chAtrANAM vidadhad vivek-vinyaacaar-prcaarkdhiiH| cAritryonnatisAdhikA guNagaNaiH sAralyasaMsAdhikA lokeSu pracaret suziSyajanidA zikSA sadA kAmadhuk // (kapilasya) zikSAyAH prAcInatama rUpam-zikSAyAH prAcInatama rUpam atharvavede prApyate / tatra zikSAyA uddezyaM guruziSya-sambandhAdikaM ca vistarazo nirUpyate / tatra jJAna-sampannatvasya cintanazaktezca mahattvaM pratipAdyate / jJAnena saha saMyamasya dhAraNAzaktezca mahattvaM nirdizyate / vedAnukUlAcaraNam anivaarytvenaadishyte| punarehi vAcaspate devena manasA saha / atharva0 1-1-2 / vAcaspatini yacchatu mayyevAstu mayi zrutam / atharva0 1-1-3 saMzratena gamemahi mA tena virAdhiSi // atharva01-1-4 atharvavede chAtrasya brahmacaryapAlanam anivAryatvenAdizyate / AcAryasya durdharSatvam, saMyamitvam, zIlavattvaM ca prazasyate / tatra 'samitpANiH zrotriyaM brahmaniSThaM gurum upagacchediti' paddhatirAzrIyate / AcAryoM brahmacaryeNa bracAriNamicchate / atharva011-5-17 AcAryo mRtyuvaruNaH soma oSadhayaH payaH / athavaM0 11-5-14 brahmacaryati samidhA samiddhaH kASNaM vasAno dIkSito diirghshmshrH| / a0 11-5-6 guru-ziSya-sambandha-vivecanAyAM sphuTametad nirdizyate'tharvavede yad AcAryo'dhyetRSu mAtRvat pitRvacca snihyati vyavaharati c| AcArya upanayamAno brahmacAriNaM kRNute garbhamantaH / athavaM0 11-5-3 tad brahmacArI prAyacchat svAn mitro'dhyAtmanaH / a0 11-5-15 zramastapazca chAtrasya zastradvayam / tapaHzramAbhyAM sarvaM lokaM sa pUSNAti / brahmacArI samidhA mekhalayA zrameNa lokAMstapasA pipati / a0 11-5-4 zikSAyA uddezya vivicyate tarhi vedeSu zikSoddezyarUpeNa adhyAtmajJAnam, Astikyam, zArIrika-vAcika-mAnasika-hArdika-bauddhika-samunnatiH pratipAdyate / evaM sarvavidhasamunnatyA'ntevAsI sarvadevAdhivAsaH sampadyate / brahmacArI brahma bhrAjada biti tasmin devA adhivizve smotaaH| prANApAnau janayannAd vyAnaM vAcaM mano hRdayaM brahma medhAm / a0 11-5-24

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254 saMskRtanibandhazatakam AcAryasya kartavyarUpeNa nirdizyate yat sa chAtreSvAcAraM grAhayet / sadAcAraM zikSayet, vyutpattim AdadhIta, jJAna-samRddhi niSpAdayet, durguNagaNavAraNapuraHsaraM sadguNAn AdadhyAd / indro ha bhUtvAsurAMstataha / atharva0 11-5-7 AcAryaH kasmAt ? AcArya AcAraM grAhayati / AcinotyarthAn / Acinoti buddhimiti vaa| nirukta 1-5-4 taittirIyopaniSadi guru-ziSya-sambandhamAzritya procyate yad-- . AcAryaH puurvruupm| antevAsyuttararUpam / vidyA sndhiH| pravacanaM sandhAnam / ityadhividyam / taittirIyo0 1-3-3 chAtrANAM zama-damAdi-guNayuktatvaM prtipaadyte| vidyAyAzca zrIvardhakatvaM shissyte| damAyantu brahmacAriNaH svAhA / zamAyantu brahmacAriNaH svAhA / yazo jane'sAni svAhA / zreyAn vasyaso'sAni svAhA / taitti0 1-4-2,3 satya-tapodama-zamAdibhiH sahaiva svAdhyAyaH pravacanaM cAnivAryatvenAnuziSyate / ataeva dIkSAntopadeze AcAryo'ntevAsinam anuzAsti-- satyaM vada / dharma cr| satyAnna pramaditavyam / dharmAnna pramaditavyam / bhUtyai na pramaditavyam / svAdhyAya-pravacanAbhyAM na pramaditavyam / taitti0 1-11-1 vaizeSikadarzane 'yato'bhyudaya-niHzreyasa-siddhiH sa dharmaH' ityenena dharmalakSaNena sadaiva zikSAyA uddezyam abhyudayasya niHzreyasasya cAvAptinirdizyate / 'vidyayA'mRtamaznute' 'sA vidyA yA vimuktaye' 'Rte jJAnAt na muktiH' ityAdibhiH subhASitaiH, 'sA zikSA yA brahmagatipradA' iti zaGkarAcAryavacanena cAdhyAtmajJAnAvAptirmokSAdhigamazca zikSAyA lakSya nirdhAryate / zikSA-viSaye pAzcAttyaviduSAM matam--sukarAta-mahodayasyAbhimataM yad vyaktigatabheda-vAraNena sArvabhauma-satyajJAnaM zikSAyA uddezyam / sa zikSA vyaSTeH samaSTezca samunnatisAdhanaM manute / pleTo-mahodayaH zikSAyA uddezyarUpeNa saccaritratA-vinaya-saMskRti-sabhyatA-guNagrAhitA-kalApriyatvAdi-guNAnAM samanvayaM karoti / arastU-mahodayaH saMstauti yat sA zikSA sAdhIyasI yA'dhyAtmadarzanena samameva loka-vyavahAra-darzanasyApi sAmaJjasyaM sAdhayet / zikSA udAttabhAvoddIpanena sahaiva Atmanazca pariSkArAya syAt / zikSAyAm AdarzavAdasya pravartakAH pAzcAttyazikSAzAstriNo vartantepleTo (aphalAtUna )-dkaarte-brkle-phirddhe-hiigel-kaanntt-prbhRtyH| ete

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zikSA manovijJAnam 255 bhautikavAdApekSayA'dhyAtmapravaNatvam adhyAtmaprAdhAnyaM ca zikSAyA jIvanasya ca lakSyaM manyamAnAH zikSAkSetre sAdaraM smaryante / vAstavikaM sukhaM tu mAnasikameva / vicAravAdinAM mataM yad AdhyAtmikatA vicAravAdo vA vAstavika tathyam / tatraiva zAzvata-satyAdInAM samAvezaH / tanmatAnusAram iyaM vicArasRSTinivasya AdhyAtmika-prakRterevAbhivyaktiH / etadeva bhAratIyaiH samarthyate yat-- mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM bandhamokSayoH / paMcadazI / mahAtmA buddho dhammapade dharmasya vicArasya cAdhArarUpeNa manaso mahattvaM pratipAdayati / manopuvaMgamA dhammA manoseTrA mnomyaa| manasA ce paThena bhAsati vA karoti vA / tato naM dukkhamanveti cakkaM va vahato padaM / dhamma0 1-1 zikSAyA yathArthavAdi-svarUpam-DevenaporTa-mahodayasyAbhimataM yat zikSA naitika-zikSA-dAnena samameva arthakarI jIvanopayoginI ca syAt / yathArthavAdasamarthakeSu malkAsTara-mahodayaH zikSAyA uddezyaM bAlakasya sarvAGgINa vikAsaM manyate / zikSA ca mAtRbhASAmAdhyamena syAt / zikSAzAstrI phrAMsisa bekanamahodayaH kevalaM pustakoya-zikSAyA nikRSTatvaM pradarzya zikSAyAH pUrNa-vyAvahArikIkaraNaM samarthayate / zikSAyAH lakSyaM yat mAnavaH zikSAmavApya prakRtau svAdhikAraM saMsthApayet, mAnavaM ca samAjahitakaraM nirmAtaM sAhAyyam Acaret / jarmanazikSAzAstrI rATeka-mahodayaH samarthayate yad mAtRbhASAmAdhyamenaiva vijJAnaviSayANAM kalAviSayANAM cAdhyApanaM kAryam / raTanakriyA parihAryA / vastujJAnam anubhavamUlakaM parIkSaNa-mUlakaM ca syAt / / kamIniyasa-mahodayaH zikSAyA uddezyaM pratipAdayati yad jJAna-vijJAnadvArA mAnava-hRdaye naitika-dhArmika-bhAvanAnAM samudbodhanaM syAt / mAnavajIvanasya lakSyam Izvara-sAnnidhyam avApya AnandAnubhUtiH syAt / sa mAtabhASA'dhyayanam AvazyakaM manute / sa bAlAnAM tADanAdikamapi garhayati / sa samarthayate yat zikSAyAH sarvajanInatvaM syAt / varga-vibheda-parihAra-pUrvakaM zikSAsuvidhAyAM sAmyaM syAt / manovaijJAnika-paddhatyA tathA zikSaNaM syAd yathA tatratyaM vAtAvaraNaM tAdRzaM madhuraM snigdham AkarSakaM ca syAd, yena bAlAH svayameva vidyAlayaM jigamiSavo bhaveyuH / kamIniyasa eva sarvaprathamaM sArvajanika-zikSAyAH pracArako'bhUt / zikSAzAstriNaH spensara-mahodayasyApyabhimataM yat zikSA bAhyAbhyantarAvasthayoH sAmyaM sAmaJjasyaM ca saMsthApayet / thArnaDAika-mahodayo manute yat zikSA

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256 saMskRtanibandhazatakam tat sAdhanaM vidyate yena vargasya samAjasya vA'nubhavajAtaM zikSAthinaM prati prApyate / yena vidhinA te samAjAnubhavam Azritya AtmotkarSe kSamA bhaveyuH / zikSAyA uddezyam-yadi samastarUpeNa zikSAyA uddezyaM vivicyate tarhi vaktuM pAryate yat tAdRzI zikSA zreyaskarI yA mAnavAnAM jIvikopArjane sAhAyyam Acaret; teSAM bauddhika vikAsam ApAdayet; mAnavaM susaMskRtaM sabhyaM ca vidhAya tatra sAMskRtikam utkarSa saMpAdayet; jIvanasya ca sarvAGgINaM vikAsama ApAdya pUrNatvaM saMsAdhayet / caritra-nirmANena naitikatAyA vikAsanam , svArthaparatA-ucchalatAdipravRttInAM nirodhena jIvanaM sAmAjika kuryAd, yathA vyaSTeH samaSTeH, vyaktaH samAjasya ca sAmaJjasya-pUrNaH samanvayaH syAt; svAvalambanabhAvanA vikaset; uttaradAyitvabhAvanA pracaret; sarvAsu sama-viSamAsu paristhitiSu kAryasaMpAdana-kSamatA saMjAyeta / bAlakAnAM tathAvidhaM sarvAGgINam unnayanaM syAd yathA svastha zarIre svasthaM manaH, karmaThe dehe vyAvahArikI buddhiH, mokSAvAptisAdhakaM jJAnaM ca vilaset / bhAratIya-zikSAvidAM matam-zikSAvido maharSerdayAnandasyAbhimataM yat zikSArtha gurukulIyA paddhatireva zreSThA / gurukulIyAdarzAnAM ca saMsthApanA syAt / ravIndranAthaThAkura-mahodayo rUso-mahodayasya matam anusRtya prAkRtika vAtAvaraNe prakRti-sahayogamUlakam unmukta-zikSA-grahaNaM zreyaskaraM manute / paNDita madanamohanamAlavIyaH zikSAyA uddezyam-saccaritratAma, satya-brahmacarya-svAdhyAya-dezabhakti-IzvaravizvAsAdi-sadguNagrahaNam, zArIrikI puSTim, AtmatyAga-bhAvanAyAzca pratiSThAm aGgIcakAra / mahAtmA gAndhistu satyAhiMsA-vrata-pAlanena samameva kasyacit zilpasya jJAnaprAptyA svAvalambanasya AtmanirbharatAyAzca zikSaNaM zikSAyA uddezyaM svIcakAra / tatpratipAditA zikSApaddhatiaulika-zikSA ( Basic Education )-nAmnA vyavahriyate / sa zramasya mahattvaM pratyapAdayat / evaM samAsataH zikSAyA uddezyaM vidyate-mAnavasya zArIrikI mAnasiko bauddhikI naitikI ca samunnatistathA saMpAdanIyA yathA tasya vyaktitvaM pUrNatvaM prApya svonnatyA samameva samAjahitaM vizvahitaM ca katu prabhavet / zikSoddezyaM syAt 'sarve bhavantu sukhinH|

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77. abhinavabhArate saMskRtam (1. bhAratIyabhASAsu saMskRtasya yogadAnam; 2. saMskRtasAhityaM tatpravRttayazca; 3. saMskRtaM rASTrabhASA bhavitumarhati ) abhinavabhArate saMskRtam-abhinavabhArate yadyapi gIrvANavANyAH na tAdRzI samunnatiH pragatirvA, tathApi nizcapracam etadvaktuM sukaraM yat saMskRtavAGmayaM sAmpratamapi jIvati, jijIviSati ca / yadyapi na vikramAditya-bhojAdivat rAjAzrayitvam, tathApi tapaHpUtAH saMskRtarakSaNakacetasaH nAnAvidhAdhivyAdhiklezasampIDitAH, vRttyabhAvAdidoSaviSaNNAH, svAbhimAnakadhanAH santi tAdRzAH brahmaRNAnaNyalandhukAmAH, balidAnabhAvoddIptamAnasAH vipazcitaH. ye'navarataM saMskRtakAvyAdinirmANatatparAH patrapatrikAdisampAdanasaMlagnAH saMdRzyante / samAsato'tra vartamAnasamaye kriyamANaM kArya viviyate prastUyate ca' saMskRtakAvyakArAH-vartamAnasamaye'pi kecana vidvattallajAH kAvyarasalipsavo dRzyante / yathA-yatIndrajIvanacaritakAraH zivakumArazAstrI, bhAratapArijAta-pArijAtApahAra-pArijAtasaurabhAdikAraH bhagavadAcAryaH, dayAnandadigvijayakAraH akhilAnanda-zarmA, municaritAmRtakAro dilIpadattazarmopAdhyAyaH, bhAratAnuvarNanakAraH rAmAvatAra-zarmA, alivilAsasaMlApakAraH gaGgAdharazAstrI tailaGgaH, dayAnandadigvijayakAro medhAvrata-kaviratnaH, candropAlambhavarNanakAro raghunAtha-zAstrI, pratApavijayakAro mathurAprasAda-zAstrI, svarAjyavijayakAro dvijendranAtha-zAstrI, bodhisattvacarita-gurugovindasiMha-mahAkAvyakAro DaoN0 satyavratazAstrI, rASTragItAJjalikAro DaoN0 kapiladeva-dvivedI, sItAcaritakAro DaoN0 revAprasAda-dvivedI, gAMdhIgaurava-lAlabahAdurazAstricaritabaMgalAdezAdikAro ramezacandra-zukla-prabhRtayo vizeSato'tra ullekhamarhanti / / saMskRtanATakakArAH-vartamAnanATakakRtsu prAdhAnyena ullekhyAH santisAvitrIcarita-dhruvAbhyudaya-pArvatIpariNayAdikAraH zaGkaralAlamahAmahopAdhyAyaH, chatrapatisAmrAjya-pratApavijaya-saMyogitAsvayaMvarakAro mUlazaGkaramANikalAlayAjJikaH, sAmavatAdikAro ambikAdatta-vyAsaH, baGgIyapratApa-zivAjIcaritAdikAro haridAsasiddhAntavAgIzaH, vIrapratApa-gAMdhIvijaya-bhAratavijayAdikAro mathurAprasAda-dIkSitaH, yAM cintayAmi-prANAhutIkAro velaNakaraH, parivartanakAro DaoN0 kapiladeva-dvivediprabhRtayaH / 1. vistRta vivaraNArthaM draSTavyam-lekhakakRta-saMskRta sA0 samIkSAtmaka itihAsa, pRSTha 254, 263, 442, 453, 506, 521, 560-570 /

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258 saMskRtanibandhazatakam gadyakAvyakArAH--gadyakAvyaparamparA'pi avicchinnA'valokyate / tatra prAdhAnyenollekhyA gadyakRtaH santi -- mandAramaJjarIkAro vizvezvarapANDeyaH, zivarAjavijayakAro ambikAdattavyAsaH, prabandhamaJjarIkAro hRSIkezabhaTTAcAryaH, kathApaJcaka-grAmajyotiH-kathAmuktAvalI - prabhUtikRt paNDitAkSamArAva, kaumudI - kathA kallolinIkAro rAmazaraNa tripAThI, vidvaccaritapaJcakakAro nArAyaNazAstrI khiste, kumudinIcandrakAro medhAvratAcAryaH, lokamAnyatilakacaritakAro vAmanakRSNa cittale, pratApacampUkAro dilIpadattazarmA, gAMdhIcaritakAro bhAgavatAcArya:, setuyAtrAnuvarNanakAro gaNapatizAstrI kalAkaumudIkAro rAmAvatAra zarmA, gAMdhIcaritakAraH cArudevazAstrI ca / patrapatrikAH - saMskRtabhASAyAmadyatve'pi kAzcana sAptAhika - pAkSikamAsika - premAsika- pANmAsika vArSika patrapatrikAH prakAzyante / tAzca pracura - pracArAH / tadyathA- - bhavitavyam (nAgapuram ), gANDIvam ( bArANasI), saMskRtamaJjUSA ( kalikAtA), gurukula-patrikA ( kAMgar3I, haridvAra: ), bhAratIyavidyA ( bambaI), bhAratodaya: ( gurukula ma0 vi0, jvAlApuram ), saGgamanI ( prayAgaH ), brahmavidyA ( moDiyAra ), sarasvatI-suSamA (saMskRta vi0 vi0, vArANasI), sAgarikA ( sAgara vi0 vi0 ), purANam (vArANasI), saMskRtapratibhA ( naI dillI ) / zodhasaMsthAnAni - saMskRte prAcya - pAzcAttya - vejJAnika paddhatimAzritya prAyaH sarveSu vizvavidyAlayeSvanusandhAnakAryaM pravartate / prativarSaM bahavo zodhacchAtrAH DaoNkTaropAdhibhirvibhUSyante / etadatiriktaM bhaNDArakara - zodhasaMsthAnam ( pUnA ), vizvezvarAnanda - zodha saMsthAnam ( hoziyArapura ), kAzirAja- zodha saMsthAnam (vArANasI), gaGgAnAtha jhA zodha saMsthAnam (prayAga), ityAdIni saMsthAnAni zodhakAryaM prasArayanti, protsAhayanti ca / nirNayasAgara - veGkaTezvara - svAdhyAyamaNDala - AyaM sAhityamaNDala - vedavANI - gItA presa-prabhRtayaH saMskRta vAGmayaprasArakArye bahumUlya sAhAyyamAcaranti / bhAratIya bhASAsu saMskRtasya yogadAnam - nAsti kApi bhAratIya bhASA yA saMskRtavAGmayamupekSva jIvituM kSamA / prAyazaH sarvA api saMskRtaniSThAhmIlipisamudgatA eva bhAratIyabhASAlipayaH / AryabhASANAM vyAkaraNamapi saMskRtabhASAvyAkaraNAzrayatvaM dyotayate / sarvAsvapi AyaM draviDa- parivArabhASAsu saMskRtazabdAnAM bAhulyamavalokyate / kvacit SaSTipratizataM kvaciccAzItipratizataM saMskRtazabdaprayogAH pravartante / bhASANAM tulanAtmakAdhyayane'pi saMskRtasyaiva prAdhAnyam avagamyate / saMskRtavAGmayaM samyaganuzIlitaM cet na tAdRzI kApyanyA bhAratIyA''ryabhASA yA svalpenaiva kAlenAdhigantuM na pAryeta / hindIbhASA tu

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abhinavabhArate saMskRtam 259 saMskRtabhASAyA eva AtmajA / sA sarvathA mAtRRNAt unmuktA bhavituM na pArayati / hindIbhASAyA samagramapi kAvyazAstra, darzanazAstraM, sAhityaM ca saMskRtabhASAzrayi / saMskRtasAhityaM tatpravRttayazca -- vaidikakAlAdArabhya saMskRtavAGmayaM sarvaM - todikkaM pravartate pravardhate ca / jIvanopayogi na tat kimapyaGgaM yannAtra gaveSitaM, parizIlitaM vivecitaM ca / vedAH, upaniSadaH, darzanAni, sAhityazAstram, vyAkaraNAyurveda dhanurveda-nATyazAstra dharmazAstra- gaNita - jyotiSa vAstuzAstrAdikaM saMskRtavAGmayasya sarvAGgINatvaM samarthayante / vaidikaM sAhityaM, padya - gadya - gItiprabhedena tridhA vibhajyate / laukikaM sAhityaM gadya-padya-campUbhedena trividhamupalabhyate / padyAtmakaM kAvyaM gurulaghubhedena mahAkAvya-kAvya - gItikAvyAdibhedamaznute / gadyAtmakaM kAvyaM kathAkhyAyikAbhedena dvividham / dRzya-zravyatva-bhedena kAvyaM dvividham / kAvya - mahAkAvyAdikaM zravyam / dRzyantu rUpakam / nATaka - prakaraNabhANa-vyAyoga-samavakAra- prahasanAdibhedena taddazadhA vibhajyate / uparUpakANAm aSTAdaza bhedAH / vaidika sAhitye zrautasUtraM dharmasUtraM gRhyasUtraM, sarvamapi pANinIyamanyacca vyAkaraNaM, sarvANi ca darzanAni, sUtrapaddhatimAzrityaivAvatiSThante / sUtrapaddhateH vizadIkaraNArthaM bhASyANAM bhASyopabhASyANAM mahatI paramparA, yA anudinaM pravardhata eva / saMskRtaM rASTrabhASA bhavitumarhati - pUrvoktena vivecanena sphuTametat pratIyate yat sarvA api bhAratIyA bhASAH saMskRtaniSThAH saMskRtasampRktAzca / samagre bhAratavarSe nikhile ca dezajavAGmaye saMskRtasyaiva prAdhAnyaM pracurapravRttitvaM ca / nAsti dezasya ko'pi bhAgo yatra saMskRtavAGmayaM nAdhIyate, nAvagamyate, na zrUyate, na cAdriyate ca / vidhAnAdisampAdane bhASAyAH vizadatvaM, sthiratvaM, gUDhabhAvAbhivyaJjanasAmathyaM cApekSyate / rASTrabhASApadalAbhAya lokapriyatvaM, sarasatvaM, sammAnAspadatvam, akSayavAGmaya sampattimattvam, avivAdagrastatvaM ca bhASAyA nitarAmapekSyate / tadatra vyastaM samastaM ca sarvathA sulbhm| saMskRtavAGmayajJAnamapi sAralyena svalpena kAlena ca sambhAvyate / evaM vicArahazA vivicyate cet saMskRtaM rASTrabhASApadam alaGkartuM sarvathA sakSamA, yogyopayuktA ca / , "

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78. tribhASAsUtraM saMskRtaM ca (zikSAkrame saMskRtasya sthAnam ) tribhASAsUtram-bhAratIyasarvakArasyAdezamanusRtya kaizcidvipazcidbhiH tribhASAsUtraM samarthitam / bhAratasarvakAreNApi samarthitamanumoditaM ca tat tribhASAsUtraM bhAratavarSasya sarveSu prAnteSu pravartitam / tribhASAsUtrasya ( Three language formula ) kinnimittaM, ko'tra hetuH, kimasya prayojanazca / bhAratavarSe zikSAkrame bhASANAM paurvAparyam, uccAvacatvaM, nyUnAdhikatvazcAzritya vividhAH vivAdAH prAdurabhavan / tadvivAdazAntaye samarUpatA''kalanAya ca tribhASAsUtrasya janirabhUt / tribhASAsUtrapravartakAnAmabhimatametad yat zikSAkrame bhASANAM tathA samanvayaH, saGkalanaJca syAd yathA rASTrahitasampAdanena samameva adhyetRNAM vaijJAnikI, bhautikI connatiH saJjAyeta / etad vimRzya rASTrabhASArUpeNa AryabhASAyA hindIbhASAyA vA prathama sthAnaM nirdizyate / evaM hindIbhASA sarvotkRSTatvamAzrayate / antArASTriyajJAnopAdAnArthaM vaidezikyAH kasyAzcana bhASAyA anivAryarUpeNAdhyayanamanvabhUyata / tatrAGglabhASAyA antArASTriyakhyAtimuddizya parAdhInatAkAlikI ca tatprasRtimAzritya dvitIyA'nivAryabhASArUpeNAGglabhASA samarthitA / santi bhArate vividhAH prAdezikA bhASAH, yAsAM sAhityamapi pracuraM, prazastaM, hRdyaM, lokapayogi, jJAnavijJAnavardhakaJca / sarveSAM bhAratIyAnAM prAdezikabhASAjJAnamapi nitarAmanivAryam, anudinaM tatprayogopapatteH / evaM prAntIyA bhASAH tRtIyaM sthAnamalabhanta / atra rASTrabhASA-antArASTriyabhASA-prAntIyabhASANAM samAhAraH samanvayazca abhISyate / tribhASAsUtre saMskRtam--tribhASAsUtraM sUkSmekSikayA parIkSyate vivicyate cet saMskRtabhASA bhartRvirahitA nArIva, putrAdiparityaktA mAteva, nirvasanA, avadhUtA, avaheliteva sNdRshyte| na bhAratIyAnAmadhyetRNAM tAdRzaM zramAbhimukhatvaM, vividhabhASAjJAnAbhirucitvaJca, yena bhASAtrayAdhyayanAnantaraM turIyabhASAdhyayanaM sambhAvyeta / yadyapi videzeSu santi tAdRzAH pradezAH jarmanI-phrAMsasviTajaralaiNDaprabhRtayaH yatra bhASAtrayaM bhASAcatuSTayaM vA sAmAnyajanairapi adhIyate, zikSyate, vyavahriyate ca / paraM na bhArate varSe tAdRzI bhASA-jijJAsA, abhirucizca / ataH kRte'pi prayatne bhArate caturthabhASAdhyayanaM sarvathopekSyate / yeSAM pradezAnAM na prAntIyA bhASA hindI-bhASA, te svaprAntIyabhASAdhyayane pravartante / antArASTiyabhASArUpeNa satyapi jarmana-phreMca-rUsI-bhASANAM saGgrahe AGglabhASaivasarvakArasyAbhipretA, samathitA, pracAritA ca / rASTrabhASArUpeNa hindIbhASAdhyayanaM teSAM kRte anivAryam / evam ahindIbhASiSu prAnteSu saMskRtasya zikSAkrame syApanamadhyApanazca duSkaramiva pratIyate / hindIbhASiSu pradezeSu rASTrabhASA hindI

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261 tribhASAsUtraM saMskRtaM ca dvitIyabhASArUpeNa paatthyte| tRtIyabhASArUpeNa dAkSiNAtyabhASA, saMskRtabhASA vA vaikalpikarUpeNa svIkriyate / yatra kutrApi dAkSiNAtyabhASAdhyayane durAgraho nidhIyate tatra gIrvANavANyAH kRte pravezo niSiddha evaavgntvyH| kiyantaH santi tAdRzAH saMskRtAnurAgiNo ye dharmabhAvanayA kartavyabuddhayA tattvArthajJAnAdhigamAya vA saMskRtabhASAdhyayane pravRttAH / evaM sukarametadvaktuM yat tribhASAsUtraM saMskRtabhASAdhyayane pratyavAyarUpameva, na tu sAdhakam / tribhASAsUtreNAnena AGglabhASApracAre mahatsAhAyyamadAyi iti nirvivAdam / rASTrabhASAyAH kRte prAntIyabhASANAM ca kRte mArgaH prazasyate, paraM saMskRtasya kRte mArgAvarodha evAvirbhAvyate / zikSAkrame saMskRtasya sthAnam-sAmpratikaH zikSAkramo bhAratasarvakArAdezAnusAraM pravaya'te / yadyapi tribhASAsUtrAnusAraM zikSAkramaH pratipradezamAyojyate pracAryate ca / santi kecana pradezAH yatra saMskRtasya gauravamanurudhya tatsaMrakSaNa-buddhayA ca hindIbhASApAThyakrame eva nyUnAdhikarUpeNa saMskRtasya samAvezo bidhIyate / evaM kSatavikSatAyA api devavANyAH vAGmAtropacAraH, zuzrUSaNaM ca sampAdyate / evamevoccakakSAsvapi saMskRtasya yatra tatra samanvaya AdhIyate / paraM sarvametat saMskRtabhASApracAradRSTayA na paryAptam, na ca zreyovaham / hindIbhASiSu prAnteSu tRtIyabhASArUpeNa saMskRtasya zikSAkrame sthAnamanivAryatvena sambhAvyate, AzAsyate ca / ahindIbhASiSu pradezeSu tathAvidho vidhividheyaH yathA anivAryarUpeNa saMskRtAdhyayanaM sambhAvyeta / tadartha hindIbhASApAThyakrame prAntIyabhASApAThyakrame vA nyUnAdhikarUpeNa saMskRtasya samAhAro vidheyaH / saMskRtaM hi paramo nidhirbhAratasya / kathamapyupekSitA saMskRtabhASA rASTrasya vinAzAyaiva bhavitA / yadA saMskRtasya guNagauravamugdhAH pAzcAttyA api dezAH saMskRtAdhyayane pravartante, vizvavidyAlayAdiSu saMskRtAdhyayanAdhyApanAdervyavasthAmAtiSThante, tadA kiM naitad duHkhAvahaM, khedajanakaM ca yad bhArate saMskRtabhASA upekSyeta / prAcInasaMskRtisaMrakSaNArtham, bhAratavaibhavajJAnArtham, adhyAtmatattvAvabodhAya, vividhazAstrAvagAhijJAnopAdAnAya ca, vINApANivAGmadhuraM saMskRtavAGamayaM sarvathA zikSAkrame pravezyam AdheyaM ca /

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79. anuzAsana - samasyA ( zikSAdhiSu niraGkuzatvam, taniroSopAyAzca ) ki nAmAnuzAsanam ? - anupUrvAt zAsdhAtorvyuTi anuzAsanaM sidhyati / zAsana vidhirniyamo vA tadanukUlaM cAcaraNam anuzAsanam iti / jIvane'nuzAsanasya tAdRzyevAvazyakatA yathA zarIrarakSAye bhojanasya bauddhika vikAsAya jJAnasya ca / na syAccedanuzAsanaM tarhi samagramapi mAnavajIvanaM niSphalaM niSkriyam AraNyakajIvana saMkAzaM ca saMpadyeta / anuzAsanasya mahattvam -- jIvanonnatyai jIvanasAphalyAya cAnuzAsanam anivAryam / zaizavAd Arabhya vRddhatvaM yAvad anuzAsanam Avazyakam / bAlye mAtApitroH, vidyAlaye guroH, gRhasthajIvane patyuH patnyA vA, vRttisthAneSu uccAdhikAriNAm anuzAsanaM pAlyate / antareNAnuzAsanaM pArivArikaM sAmAjikaM rASTriyaM ca saMgaThanaM vicchidyeta / ratnaM gharSaNa - cchedanAdinA'nuziSTaM sad mahAghaMtvaM bhajate / azvAH suniyantritAH samarabhUmau vijayaM lambhayanti / sainikA anuzAsanaM pAlayantaH svasenApateH saMketamAtreNa ekadhA Acaranti vyavaharanti ca / senAsu yAdRzaM kaThoram anuzAsanam, tAdRzyeva vijaya - vaijayantI samAsAdyate / kimanyat, mahAtmano gAndhernetRtvam anuzAsanaM cAnusRtyaiva bhArataM svAtantryaM lebhe / anuzAsanasyaiva etanmahattvaM yat sAmAjika rASTriyaM ca kAryaMjAtaM sAralyena pracarati / anuzAsana - dRSTyeva nirdizyate - 'lAlayet paJca varSANi daza varSANi tADayet' / 'lAlanAzrayiNo doSAstADanAzrayiNo guNAH' / taittirIyopaniSadi ataeva procyate -- vedamanUcyAcAryo'ntevAsinam anuzAsti / satyaM vada / ( 0 1 - 11 - 1 ) / dharmaMsUtreSu smRtyAdiSu cAcAravarNanam, kartavyAkartavyavidhAnanirUpaNam, sarvamapyanuzAsanamUlakam / anuzAsanaM sarvavidha- samunnatermUlam / anuzAsanameva sAdhanAM zikSayati / buddhestathAvidhAnuzAsanena kavitvam RSitvaM jJAnitvaM vaijJAnikatvaM ca sidhyati / anuzAsanamUlakameva saMgIta-nRtya- vividhakalA-vizeSajJatvam / chAtreSvanuzAsana-samasyA - sAmprataM sarvataH chAtreSvanuzAsana-samasyA'valokyate zrUyate ca / na kevalaM bhArate'pitu videzeSvapi chAtrAnuzAsanasamasyA viduSAM zikSAzAstriNAM ca vicAra carcA- viSayaH / bhArate chAtrAnuzAsanasamasyA vivicyate vizliSyate cet tarhi katipayAni kAraNAni purataH samAyanti, tAni nirAkriyante cet samasyA samAdhAnaM bhavitum arhati / anuzAsana - samasyA- kAraNAni - ( 1 ) zikSAprAptyanantaraM vRtti-prApti

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263 samasyA 1-api vA vRddhi prApti-saukaryaM / M.B.B.S., B.A., M.A., Ph.D., B.E., M.E., M.Sc., M.Sc. (Ag.), LL.B., M.Com. prabhRtiparIkSIrNA api na mUti jIvikopArjanaM ca labhante ityetat mahalo'santoSasya mUlam, merAzyasya ca kAraNam / ( 2 ) vizvavidyAlayAdiSu AcArasadAcAra- ziSTAcArAdi-viSayeSu anavadhAnam / cAritrikI zikSAm antareNa anuzAsanasamasyA-samAdhAnam AkAza- kusumam iva durlabham / ( 3 ) guruziSyayoH adhyApakAdhyetRSu premamUlakaH zraddhAsamanvitazca guruziSya saMbandhaH / adhyApakA adhyetArazca ubhaye'pi svakamaMcyutAH saMlakSyante, tadA kathaM gurubhaktirAcArya - bhaktirvA pracaret / ( 4 ) zikSAlayeSu prabandha - duravasthA | mahAvidyAlayAdInAM prabandhakA jAtivAda saMpradAyavAda-saMbandhivAdAdi doSa prastAH / ato'yogyAnAM nirvAcanam, yogyAnAM ca parihAro lakSyate / ( 5 ) zikSAkendreSu bhraSTAcAragrastAnAM netRRNAM rAjanItividAM cAvyAhataH prasaraH / bhraSTAzcAritryahInA netAro yuktAyukta ucitAnucita gahitA'gahita sAdhaneH svavarga-jAti-dalAdisaMbaddha - zikSaka niyuktI prabhavanti / ( 6 ) zikSakeSu AcAryeSu cApi yatra tatra cAritryadoSaH, AcAradoSaH, dhUmra-pAnAdi - vividha-doSa - dUSitatvaM ca saMlakSyante / ata evAnuzAsana - samasyApi udeti / ( 7 ) chAtreSvapi kecana vaMza-paramparAgata - doSa-kAraNAt, kusaMgati-janya-doSAt, paristhiti-janya - doSAcca AcArAdiviSayaka-doSagrastAH saMlakSyante / etasmAdapi anuzAsana - samasyodbhavati / ( 8 ) mahAvidyAlayeSu, vizvavidyAlayeSu ca chAtrasaMghasthApanam, chAtrANAM netRtvakAmanA, rAjanItika dala - saMbandha - dvArA mahattvAkAMkSA - pUrti - kAmanA, vividhAn doSAn janayati / ( 9 ) lakSyanirNayAbhAva: / zikSAyAH kiM lakSyam ? ityetasyA nirNItatvAt, lakSyajJAnAbhAvAt, satpathabhraSTatvAt kiMkartavyatA- vimUDhatvAcca chAtrANAm adhyayane'ruciH, uddaNDatAyAm ucchRGkhalatAyAM cAbhiruciH / ( 10 ) anusandhAna-zodha-vizeSajJatAdikaM prati rucyabhAvaH / ( 11 ) zikSA-paddhatyA doSapUrNatvam / ( 12 ) parIkSA-praNAlyA atyantadoSAkulatvam / ( 13 ) zikSA - layeSu samucita sAdhanAbhAvaH / ( 14 ) deze bhraSTAcAra-vyAptiH / anuS - samasyAnAM nirAkaraNam - (1) vRttisamasyA samAdhAnArthaM yogyatAnusAraM zikSitAnAM vividhavRttiSu viniyojanam / audyogikAdi-saMsthAnAM saMsthApanaM sarvakArasya pramukhaM kartavyam / ( 2 ) vizvavidyAlayAdiSu sadAcAra - zikSAyA AcArazikSAyAzcAnivAryatvaM syAt / ( 3 ) adhyApakAdhyetRSu prAcIno guruziSya saMbandhaH saMsthApyeta / ( 4 ) zikSaNAlaya vyavasthAsu yogya - prabandhakAnAM niyukti: syAt, sarvakAreNa vA saMsthAnAM svAyattIkaraNaM syAt / ( 5 ) zikSaNAlayeSu bhraSTa netRRNAM pravezo niSidhyeta / ( 6 ) AcAravanta eva zikSakAH

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saMskRta nibandhazatakam zikSaNAlayeSu viniyojyAH / ( 7 ) chAtreSvAcAra zikSAyA anivAryatvaM syAt / dUSitAnAm avAcchanIyAnAM ca chAtrANAM pravezo nirudhyeta / samyak parIkSyaiva chAtrAH zikSAlayeSu pravezyA: / ( 8 ) chAtrasaMgha sadasyatvam aicchikaM syAt / ( 9 ) manovaijJAnika - parIkSaNena pravRttimUlakameva vividha viSayAdhyApanaM syAt / (10) viziSTAdhyayana - rucayaH, zodha pravRttayazca chAtrA vizvavidyAlayeSu pravezyAH, itare ca pratyAkhyeyAH / ( 11 ) zikSA paddhatyAH deza-yuga-paristhityanusAraM punarmUlyAGkanaM punarnirmANaM ca syAt / ( 12 ) parIkSA praNAlI - doSa- vAraNArthaM mAsika parIkSAdimUlA kakSonnatiH syAt / ( 13) sAdhanAbhAvavanto vidyAlayAH samApyAH / sarvakAreNa vA tatra sAdhanAni saMyojanIyAni ( 14) deze sutarAM vyApto bhraSTAcAro'pi chAtrAnuzAsanaM dUSayati / tasyonmUlanamapi sarveSAmeva kartavyam | 264

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80. AcAryadevo bhava (ka. AcAryo brahmaNo mUrtiH; kha. gurupUjA ) ko nAmAcAryaH ?-yo hyAcAraM grAhayati, chAtropayogiviSayAn saMgRhNAti, chAtrabuddhi vikAsayati ca, sa AcAryaH / uktaM ca nirukte AcAryaH kasmAt ? AcArya AcAraM grAhayati / AcinotyarthAn / Acinoti buddhimiti vA // nirukta 1-4 yaH sadAcAra-zikSaNapUrvakaM chAtreSu jitendriyatvaM poSayati, sa AcAryaH / atharvavede procyate AcAryo brahmacaryeNa brahmacAriNamicchate // atharva0 11-5-17 bhAcAryasya svarUpam-atharvavede AcAryo mRtyuvaruNaH soma ityucyate / AcAryo'nuzAsanapriyatvAd yamaH, nyAyAcaraNAd varuNaH, chAtrAlAdakatvAt zIlasaMpannatvAcca somaH / AcAryo mRtyuvaruNaH soma oSadhayaH payaH // athavaM0 11-5-14 guruvividhavidyA-pAradRzvA, jJAna-vijJAna-nadISNaH, adhyApanavidhiniSNAtazcAbhUt / ataeva sa vAcaspatirityAkhyAM jagAma / tasya manaso divyatvaM saMyamapriyatvaM ca prazasyate / punarehi vAcaspate devena manasA saha / atharva 0 1-1-2 / / vAcaspatini gacchatu mayyevAstu mathi zrutam / atharva0 1-1-3 AcAryasya jIbanaM zruti-saMmatam abhUt / tasya jitendriyatvam anurudhyaivAntevAsinastasmin zraddadhuH / saM zrutena gamemahi mA zrutena virAdhiSi // atharva0 1-1-4 AcAryo brahmacArI brahmacArI prajApatiH // a0 11-5-16 . AcAryapravara eva kulapatirityAkhyAM jagAma / sa dazasahasraM yAvat chAtravRndaM munIzcAdhyApayat / munInAM dazasAhasraM yo'nnapAnAdipoSaNAt / adhyApayati viprarSirasau kulapatiH smRtaH // guru-ziSya-saMbandhaH-AcArya-ziSyayoH pitAputravat saMbandha AsthIyate / upanayana-saMskAreNa ziSyasya guroH samIpanivAsAd antevAsitvaM saMjAyate / parIkSaNakAle gurusavidhe rAtritrayAvasthAnenAcAryasya mAtRtvaM nirdizyate / evaM guru-pradatta-jJAnAvAptatejasvitvaM ca chAtra saMlakSyate / etadevAbhipretya procyate

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266 saMskRtanibanyazatakam AcArya upanayamAno brahmacAriNaM kRNute garbhamantaH / taM rAtrIstitra ubare birbhAta taM jAtaM draSTumabhisaMyanti devAH // a0 11-5-3 AcAryanirIkSaNe'dhIyAno'ntevAsI sAmAnyaveSaM mekhalAdikaM ca dhArayan ghoreNa parizrameNa tapomaya jIvanena ca lokatrayaM puSNAti / brahmacArI saminA mekhalayA zrameNa lokAMstapasA piti // a0 11-5-4 brahmacAriNaH sarvaguNa-samRddhayA indratvam, sarvaduritavinAzanAd asuravinAzanaM ca nirdizyate / indroha bhUtvA'surAMstarha // atharva 0 11-5-7 taittirIyopaniSadi guru-ziSyayostathA ekoddezyatvaM cittaikatvaM ca nirdizyate yathA dvayoreva sAmaJjasyena zrIvRddhi:, vidyAyAzca tejasvitvaM saMpadyate / saha nAvavatu, saha nau bhunaktu, saha vIryaM karavAvahai / tejasvi nAvItamastu mA vidviSAvahai // taitti0 2-1-1 saha nau yazaH / saha no brahmavarcasam ( taitti0 1-3- 1 ) ityanena nirdizyate yad gurorAzIrvAdena chAtrasya yazaH, tejasvibhizchAzca guroryazaH prathate / gurorvizvAmitrasya kRpayA rAmasya yazaH, chAtrasya dayAnandasya ca tejasvitA gurorvirajAnandayateyaMzo'prathata / guru-ziSyayordvayoreva sAmaJjasyena sadbhAvena ca dvayorapi tejovRddhiH saMjAyate / ataevocyateAcAryaH pUrvarUpam / antevAsyuttararUpam / vidyA saMdhiH / pravacanaM saMghAnam // taitti0 1-3-3 AcAryazchAtravRnda-hita-karaNArthaM chAtra-jJAna-vRddhayarthaM ca pratipalam acintayat / ataevocyate AmA yantu brahmacAriNaH svAhA / yazo jane'sAni svAhA / yathApaH pravatA yanti / evaM mAM brahmacAriNaH, vAtarAyantu sarvataH svAhA // taitti0 1-4-2, 3 AcAryAnuzAsane sphuTametad AcAryeNa Adizyate yad gurorapi satkarmaiva anukaraNIyam, nAnyat / yAnyasmAkaM sucaritAni tAni tvayopAsyAni, no itarANi // taitti0 1-11-2 gurorve ktvam - gurordevatvaM kasya na viditam / gurureva ajJAnAndhatamasaM vyavacchidya jJAna jyotijvalayati / tatkRpayeva divyadRSTitvaM prApyate / ucyate ca ajJAnatimirAndhasya jJAnAJjana-zalAkayA / cakSurunmIlitaM yena tasmai zrIpurave namaH // <

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AcAryadevo bhava AcArya eva guNa- veziSTAt brahmaNo mUrtisaMtte / AcAryo brahmaNo mUrtiH pitA mUrtiH prajApateH / manu0 2-226 guru-zuzrUSayeva jJAnAvAptiH, yathA kUpakhananena jalAdhigamaH / guru-sevAphalaM vayate yad guru-zuzrUSayaiva brahmalokaprAptirjAyate / uktaM ca guruzuzrUSayA tvevaM brahmalokaM samaznute / manu0 2-233 evaM sphuTametad vijJAyate yad guroH kRpAyA AnRNyaM kathamapi nAvAptuM pAyaMte / guroH kRpayaiva RSayo maharSayaH kavayo mahAkavayo vividhavidyA niSNAtAzcAntevAsino'bhUvan / ato gururAcAryo vA sadA devavat pUjyaH / ataH sAdhUcyate AcAryadevo bhava // 267

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81. jvalitaM na hiraNyaretasaM cayamAskandati bhasmanAM janaH (muhurta jvalitaM zreyo na ca dhUmAyitaM ciram ) / tejasvitAyA mahattvam-sUktimuktayamupalabhyate mahAkave raveH kRtI kirAtArjunIye / kavirihopadizati tejasvitAyA mAnitAyAzca mahattvam / prajvalitamagnimAkramituM notsahate dhRSTo'pi kazcit, paraM bhasmanAM pujaM laghurapi janaH prabhavatyAkramitum / ko'tra bhedaH ? pradIpto'gnirdAhaguNasamavetastejasA samanvitazca prabhavati dagdhuM nikhilaM jagadidam / tattejastanoti sAdhvasamatulaM svAnte'pi santrAsakasya / na dhRSNoti dhRSTo'pi dhASTaryamAdhAtuM manasi kRzAnudharSaNasya / bhasmAni tu nistejAMsi / nAnubhavanti tAni mAnAvamAnam / atasteSAM dharSaNaM zakyam / evameva mAnino'pi saharSam asUna ujjhanti, na tu svatejastyajanti / ato nigadyate bhAraviNA jvalitaM na hiraNyaretasaM cayamAskandati bhasmanAM jnH| abhibhUtibhayAdasUnataH sukhamujjhanti na dhAma maaninH|| kirAtA0 2-20 jIvanasya sAphalyam-kiM nAma jIvanam ? kiM nAma puruSatvam ? ke guNAste ye jIvanaM sAphalyaM lambhayanti, puruSe pauruSazcAdadhati ? tadeva jIvanaM yena sthAsnu yazazcIyate, sukhamupabhujyate, zAntiH sthirIkriyate / tadeva puruSatvaM yatra tejaH svAbhimAnitA pauruSaM ca prAdhAnyenAzrayaM labhante / tejasvitA mAnitA guNArjanaM zrIsaMgrahazceti guNAH sarveSAmeva jIvanAni saphalayanti, puruSe pauruSamAviSkurvanti ca / bhAravilaMkSayati puruSatvaM yanmAnitvameva pradhAnaM puruSasya lakSaNam, mAna-vihIno na naraH / vijahAti cenmAnaM sa tRNavadagaNyaH, nirarthaka ca tasya janma / puruSastAvadevAsau yAvanmAnAnna hIyate / ki0 11-61 janmino mAnahInasya tRNasya ca samA gtiH| ki0 11-59 svAbhimAnasya gauravam-mAnazcedabhIpsitaH, kastadavAptyupAyaH ? bhAravistadavAptisAdhanamabhidadhAti teja iti / 'sthitA tejasi mAnitA' (ki0 15-21) / tejasvitAguNamevAvaSTabhya mAnitA pravartate pravardhate ca / yatra tejasvitA tatraiva yazaH zrIgaMNagaNAzca / tejasvino hi virAjante taraNivadAbhayA / te duSkaramapi sukaram, durgamamapi sugamam, durlabhamapi sulabham, duHsahamapi susahaM sampAdanti / na teSAM vayo vicAryate / bAla eva rAmaH kharadUSaNavadhaM vidhAtumazakat / ata Aha kAlidAsaH-'tejasAM hi na vayaH samIkSyate' ( raghu0 11-1) / yazca tejasA parihIyate parikSIyate

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jvalitaM na hiraNyaretasaM khayamAskandati bhasmanAM janaH 269 tatra mAnitA / mAnaparikSaye ca sarve guNA api tatra kSayamevAzrayante / nirvANe tu dIpake jyotirapi tadAzrayamujjhati / tadAha-- tejovihInaM vijahAti darpaH zAntAciSaM dIpamiva prakAzaH / kirAtA0 17 - 16 nistejAH sarvatraivAvagaNyate paribhUyate dhikkriyate dhRSyate ca / tasya nistejastvam ajasram avamAnam Avahati / ato nigaditaM bhAsena - 'mRduH paribhUyate ' ( pratimA0 1 - 18 ) uktaM ca mRcchakaTike zUdrakeNa - ' nistejAH paribhUyate' ( 1 - 14 ) / tejasA samameva samedhate svAvalambanasya sAdhIyasI sAdhanA / tejasvino na parAzrayamapekSante, na ca parasAhAyyameva samIhante / te svatejasA jagad vyApnuvanti / taducyate laghayan khalu tejasA jaganna mahAnicchati bhUtimanyataH / kirAtA0 2 - 18 tejasvitA pratApAya - mahAkavinA mAghenApi tejasvitAyA mAnitAyAzca mahattvaM bahudhA varNitam / mAnino'vamantRRn samUlamunmUlyaiva zAnti zrayante, yathA saptasaptiH samastaM naizaM timiramapAkRtyaivodeti-- samUlaghAtamaghnantaH parAnnodyanti mAninaH / pradhvaMsitAndhatamasastatrodAharaNaM raviH // zizu0 2 - 33 parAvamAnaM yaH sahate, na sa puMzabdabhAk / tAdRzasya narAdhamasyAjanireva zreyasI / sa kevalaM mAtRklezakArI / pAdAhataM rajo'pyutthAya mUrdhAnamArohati / yo'pamAne'pi gatavyathaH, sa rajaso'pi hInaH / tigmatA pratApAya, mradimA paribhavAya ceti sphuTaM samIkSyate / rAhurdrutaM grasate candraM, bhAnuM ca cireNa / mA jIvan yaH parAvajJAduHkhadagdho'pi jIvati / zi0 2-45 pAdAhataM yadutthAya mUrdhAnamadhirohati / svasthAdevApamAne'pi dehinastad varaM rajaH // zi0 2-46 tulye'parAdhe tantradimnaH sphuTaM phalam / zi0 2-49 tejasvitA gauravAya - mahAkavinA kAlidAsenApi tejasvitAyA mahimo-rarIkriyate'bhidhIyate ca / RSayaH zAntisamanvitA api tejomayAH / sati cAbhibhave sUryakAntamaNivad udgiranti tejaH / na te sahante'bhibhavaM jAtu / satyabhibhave prajvalati jAtavedAH, sati ca paribhave tejasvino'pi svamugra-rUpaM dhArayanti / zamapradhAneSu tapodhaneSu gUDhaM hi dAhAtmakamasti tejaH / zAku0 2-7jvalati calitendhano'gniviprakRtaH pannagaH phaNAM kurute / prAyaH svaM mahimAnaM kSobhAt pratipadyate hi janaH / zA0 6-31

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270 saMskRtamibandhazatakam kItiryasya sa jIvati-santaH sadaiva zreyaskaramAcakSate yaza eva / vinazvare jagati yaza evekaM sthAstu / yazase eva jIvanti mriyante ca sAdhavaH / yaza eva paramaM dhanaM manvate mAninaH / ucyate ca ___ 'yazodhanAnAM hi yazo garIyaH'; 'kotiryasya sa jiivti'| zrIranuyAti tAdRzAn mAnino yazasvinazca / mAnino gatvarairasubhiH sthAyi yazazcicISanti / tathoktaM bhAraviNA abhimAnadhanasya gatvarairasubhiH sthAsnu yshshciciisstH| adhirAMzuvilAsacaJcalA nanu lakSmIH phalamAnuSaGgikam // ki0 2-19 avadheyamiha caitat / ye hi mAnino mAnameva pradhAnato gaNayanti, na te jAtvabhilaSanti zriyam / zriyamavamatya mAnamAdriyante / mAnasya sampadazcaikatrAvasthAnaM sudurlabham / taducyate bhAraviNA na mAnitA cAsti bhavanti ca SiyaH / kirAtA0 14-13 muharta jvalitaM bheyo0-tejo'vAptaye sampadyatetarAmAvazyakatA guNAjanasya / nAntareNa guNasaMgraha mAnitA tejasvitA vA saMbhavati / guNArjanaM mUlaM mAnitAyAstejasvitAyAzca / guNerevAvApyate yazo mahimA ca / guNaireva gauravAvAptirAdarAspadatvaM ca / uktaM ca bhAraviNA-'gurutAM nayanti hi guNA na saMhatiH' ( ki0 12-10) / guNArjanasya mahattvamanyatrApi zrUyate / / 'guNeSu kriyatAM yatnaH kimATopaiH prayojanam' / bhavabhUtirapi guNAnAmeva pUjyatvamAcaSTe, na tu vaya AdInAm / 'guNAH pUjAsthAnaM guNiSu na ca liGga na ca vayaH' ( uttara0 4-11) / guNereva sthAyinI kIrtiH sulabhA, zarIraM tu gatvaram / yazaHsiddhayai eva sidhyanti sAdhUnAM saccaritAni / taducyate zarIrasya guNAnAM ca dUramatyantamantaram / zarIraM kSaNavidhvaMsi kalpAntasthAyino guNAH // hitopadezaH 1-49 tejasvina eva nAmAbhinandanti ripvo'pi| sa eva satyaM puNshbdaabhidheyH| nAma yasyAbhinandanti dviSo'pi sa pumAn pumAn / kirAtA0 11-73 kSaNamapi tejaHsahitaM jIvitaM zreyo na ca ciraM sAvamAnam / tejasvitaiva tattvaM jIvitasya / ataH sAdhUcyate muhUrta jvalitaM zreyo na ca dhUmAyitaM ciram / mahAbhArata

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82. nAlambate daiSTikatAM na niSIdati pauruSe / zabdArthoM satkaviriva dvayaM vidvAnapekSate // ( zizu0 2-86 ) ( 1. diSTaM pauruSaM ca; 2. bhAgyavAdaH puruSArthavAdazca; 3. sarvakaSA bhagavatI bhavitavyataiva; 4. anatikramaNIyo hi vidhiH; 5. yadabhAvi na tadbhAvi; 6. zirasi likhitaM laGghayati kH||) diSTaM pauruSaM ca-devasyodyogasya ca gurulAghavaM balAbalaM ca nizcinvatAM vipazcitAmasti garIyasI vipratipattiviSaye'smin / kecana diSTayA devasya vA mAhAtmyamudghoSayanti, te daiSTikA ityabhidhIyante / anye pauruSasya mahattvamAcakSANAH puruSArthameva siddhaH sopAnatvenAGgIkUrvanti / IdRze mahati virodhe vartamAne kecana manISiNo vyoreva samanvayaM zreyaskaramAcakSate / vicAraNIyaM tAvadetad yat katamA saraNiriha sASIyasI, yAmavalambya sakalo choko bhuvane'smin bhacyAM bhUtimAsAca cirasazcitapuNyaparipAkasamprAptasya mAnavajIvanasyAsya caritArthatAM saMpAdayan aihikamAmuSmikaM cobhayaM kSemamadhigacchati / bhAgyapuravAyoH svarUpam-vimRzyate tAvad diSTyA eva balAbalatvaM prAk / kA nAma diSTiH, kathaM ca prabhavatyeSA jIvalokasyodayAstamayasyotkarSApakarSasya pAtotpAtasya vA ? yadi vicAradRzA nipuNaM parIkSyate tahi na bhUyAt bhedo'nayoH / prAkkRtasya karmaNa eva nAmAntaraM diSTiriti devamiti bhAgyamiti vA / ataH sAdhUcyate-'pUrvajanmakRtaM karma taddevamiti kathyate' / diSTireva sAdhakatvena bAdhakatvena vopatiSThate nikhileSu kriyamANeSu karmasu / ataH karmaNAM siddhirasiddhirvA devAdhIneti vyavahriyate / prAkkRtakarmaphalaparipAko niyato'to niyatiriti ca devasya nAmAntaraM bhavati / na ca niyatiH sAmpratikaiH karmabhiranyathA bhavitumarhatIti niyateniyogo'dhRSya iti gnnyte| aba daiSTikA udAharantisUryAcandramasau tejasAM variSTho niyatyadhInatvAdevAstaM smupgcchtH| viyAM pauruSaM cAnanurudhya loko daivAturUpameva phalamaznute / surAsurakRtasamudramanthane same'pi bhAge prAptavye harilakSmI lebhe, harastu hAlAhalameva / ukaM ca-'devaM phalati sarvatra na vidyA na ca pauruSam / samudramathanAllebhe harilakSmI haro viSam' / anatikramaNIyA hi nimatiH-pratikUlatAmupagate hi deve na manAgapi sidhyati sAdhyam / ata evAha mAdhaH-'pratikUlatAmupagate hi vidhI viphalatvameti bahusAdhanatA / avalambanAya dinabharturabhUnna patiSyataH karasahasramapi' / tAdRzaM devasya prAbalyaM yajjanasya cetaracetayate tadeva yad devamabhilaSyati / ata evAha zrIharSa:-'avazyabhavyeSvanavagrahagrahA yayA dizA dhAvati vedhasaH spRhA / tRNena vAtyeva tayA'nugamyate janasya cittena bhRshaavshaatmnaa'| viruddha hi vidhau zrama

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272 saMskRtanibandhazatakam sahasramapi vitathaM syAt / bhAgye'nukUle doSA api guNatvamAyAnti / uktaM ca'guNo'pi doSatAM yAti vakrIbhUte vidhAtari / sAnukUle punastasmin doSo'pi ca guNAyate' / duHkhAni sukhAni ca bhAgyAnusArameva sambhavanti / ucyate ca'bhAgya-krameNa hi dhanAni bhavanti yAnti' / daivAnusArameva manuSyasya buddhivRttirapi sampadyate / vidhizcAghaTitaghaTanApaTurghaTitasya vighaTane ca dakSaH / 'aghaTitaghaTitaM ghaTayati, sughaTitaghaTitAni durghaTIkurute / vidhireva tAni ghaTayati, yAni pumAn naiva cintayati' / siddhirasiddhizca diSTyanurUpameva pariNamataH / niyateH karmAyattatvam avitathametadyad daivaM phalati, siddhizca daivaadhiinaa| parantvavagantavyametad yat pUrvakRtakarmaparipAka eva daivamiti nAnyat / yadi sunizcitametadavadhAritaM tarhi bhAgyamanukUlayituM bhavatitarAmAvazyakatA suvicAritasya karmaNaH, kaThinasya zramasya ca / ata evAvitathamAha zrIkRSNo gItAyAm-'niyataM kuru karma tvam, karma jyAyo hyakarmaNaH / zarIrayAtrApi ca te na prasidhyedakarmaNaH' / karma ca karmaphalAsakti vihAyaiva kAryam / tadeva sAphalyaM lambhayati / 'karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana / mA karmaphalaheturbharmA te saGgo'stvakarmaNi' / satphalaM tapasA zrameNa sucaritena ca labhyam / tadeva ca pariNamati kAle / 'bhAgyAni pUrvatapasA kila saMcitAni, kAle phalanti puruSasya yathaiva vakSAH' / bhAgyAd gurutaraM karma, tadeva phalati, tadeva copAsyam / 'namastat karmabhyo vidhirapi na yebhyaH prbhvti'| zirasi likhitaM laGghati kaH-jagati sameSAmapi sattvAnAM naisargikIyamabhivAJchA yat syAd duHkhAsyAtyayaH sukhAdhigamazca / kA nu varIyasI sRtiriha svIkAryA sAdhyametat sAdhayitum / zAntena svAntena cintyate cettarhi puruSArthamantarA na sAdhanAntaraM dRSTipathamupayAti / dhIrA vA, vIrA vA, manISiNo vA, vAgvaibhavasampannA vAgmino vA, kavitAkAminIkAntAH kavivarA vA, sarve'pi pauruSamAzrityaivAbhISTAM siddhimdhijgmuH| akarmaNyatA''lasyaM pauruSahInatvaM daiSTikatA vA'tra pratyavAyarUpeNAvatiSThate / yadyasti hArdikI sukhalipsA, abhISTamAtmahitaM, cikIrSitaM parahitaM, kAGkitaM kulahitaM, vAJchitaM vizvahitaM, samIhitaM samAjasukhaM vA tarhi AlasyaM nAma ripurapaneyazcetaso'paharaNIyA'karmaNyatA'pahastayitavyaM cApauruSatvam / pauruSasya prAdhAnyam-udyama udyogo'dhyavasAyo vA mAnavasyAnupamo bandhuH, yamavaSTabhya yadabhilaSitaM tddhigmyte| tathA cocyate-'AlasyaM hi manuSyANAM zarIrastho mahAn ripuH / nAstyudyamasamo bandhuH kRtvA yaM naavsiidti'| yogavAsiSThe'pyabhidhIyate-'pauruSAd dRzyate siddhiH pauruSAd dhImatAM kramaH' / yAvajjIvaM jIvaH karmanirato'dhyavasAyaparazca syAt, karmaphalAsaktiM ca parihare

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nAlambate daiSTikatAM na niSIdati pauruSe 273 nmanasetyAdizati vedH| pathA'nenaivAbhIpsitamakhilaM sidhyati satAm / 'kurvanneveha karmANi jijIviSecchataM samAH / evaM tvayi nAnyatheto'sti na karma lipyate nare' ( yaju0 40 / 2) / yA kA'pi siddhirabhISTA, sA'vikalA zakyate labdhumudyamenaiveti ceccetasi kriyate tahi nAlabhyaM kiMcidasti jagati / ataH sAdhUktam-'udyamena hi sidhyanti kAryANi na manorathaiH' / 'udyoginaM puruSasiMhamupaiti lakSmIH' / adhyavasAyina eva sAhAyyamAcarati vibhurapi / yathA coktam-'udyamaH sAhasaM dhairya buddhiH zaktiH praakrmH| SaDete yatra vartante tatra devaH shaaykRt'| __ pakSadvayasya balAbalatvavivecanena sidhyatyado yat suvicArya kRtamavadAtaM karma sAdhayati sAdhyamiha jagati / tadeva ca saMskArarUpeNAvaziSTaM daivamiti bhavati, pravartayati ca bhAvikarmajAtam / ata ubhayasyAzrayaNaM nyAyyam /

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83. AzA balavatI rAjan zalyo jeSyati pANDavAn ( AzA hi paramaM jyotiH) AzAyAH svarUpam-kA nAmAzA ? kathaM cAcaratIyaM vipriyaM supriyaM vA sarvasya lokasya ? asti kimAvazyakatA jIvane AzAyA upAdAnasya parihArasya vA? upAdattA cet kimiti kiMcit sAdhayati sAdhyamiha jagati ? nirastA cet kiM suphalA viphalA kuphalA vA bhavati ? AzAyA nAmagrAheNa samakAlameva samupatiSThante bhvo'nuyogaaH| te kramazo'tra vivicynte| teSAmaucityamanaucityaM vA'vadhArayiSyate sayuktikam / prAk tAbad vicAryate-kA nAmAzA ? A samantAd aznute vyApnoti mAnavAnAM cetaaNsiityaashaa| AGpUrvakAdazdhAtoracpratyayenetad rUpaM niSpadyate / vaidikavAGmaye AzAvAdaH-vedeSUpalabhyate sarvatrAzAvAdasya pravAhaH / zrutayo muhurmuhurAdizanti mAnavam AzAm avalambya samunnatyai samRddhyai pragatyai ca-( ka ) vayaM syAma patayo rayINAm ( yaju0 10-20), (kha ) agne naya supathA rAye ( yaju0 40-16 ), (ga) kRdhI na UrdhvAn carathAya jIvase ( R0 1-36-14 ), (gha ) adInAH syAma zaradaH zatam ( yaju0 36-24 ), (Ga) bhUtyai jAgaraNam, abhUtyai svapanam ( yaju0 30-17), (ca) ucchrayasva mahate saubhagAya ( atharva0 3-12-2), (cha) mayi devA dadhatu zriyamuttamAm0 ( yaju0 32-16 ), ( ja ) mahyaM namantAM pradizazcatasraH ( R0 10-128-1) / Azaiva jIvane dhRti sphUrti zaktiM cAdadhAti / tAmAzrityaiva sarvavidhA samunnatiH sulabhA / AzAyA mahattvam-AzA nAmaiSA mAnavajIvanasyAsti AdhArazilA / mAnavajIvane yaH saMcAraH pragatirudgatirunnatirvA'valokyate, tasya mUlatvenAzAyAH saMcAra eva jIvane'vagantavyaH / yadi nAma na syAdAzA jIvane tatprerakatvena, na syAjjIvanaM pragatizIlam, unnatipatham ArUDham, abhyunnataM ca / AzA nAma jIvane'nupamA sphUrtipradAyinI kAcidapUrvA zaktiH / saiva mumUrSAvapi jIvanAzAM saMcArayati / saiva vIre vIrAbhimAnitvam, zUre zauryam, viduSi vaiduSyam, dhIre dhairyam, sAdhI sAdhutvaM ca prasArayati / saiva dIne hIne khinne viSaNNe vipanne'pi ca dhairyamAdadhAti, duHsahaduHkhasahanazakti cAviSkaroti cetasi / nerAzyasya ghorAyAM tamisrAyAmapi seSA''virbhAvayati jIvanazaktipradaM jAjvalyamAnaM jyotiH / na jyotiretaccalA capaleva kSaNabhaGguram / jAgatyaMdo'hanizaM zAnte'pi svAnte sAdhakasya / jyotiretadeva prerayati mumukhaM mokSAdhigamAya, sAdhakaM sAdhanAsiddhyai, vAgminaM vAg-vaizAradyAya, guNinaM guNagrahaNAya, vipazcitaM vidyAvaibhavAya, kavi

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AzA balavatI rAjan zalyo jeSyati pANDavAn 275 kAvyakozalAya, zUraM zauryAya, dhIraM dhairyAya ca / ajasrametadAcarati supriya sarvalokasya / AzA paramaM jyotiH - AzA nAmeyaM nitarAmAvazyakI jIvane'smin / upAdeyA ceyamunnatimabhividhitsubhiH / asti ceccetasi dhairyaMsyA''dhitsA tahi nUnamiyamAdheyA / vipanne viSaNNe ca mAnase dhairyamAdadhAtyAzaiva / na hi vipacchAzvatI, tadatyayo dhruvaH, nizAvasAnaM niyatam, nizAtyaye uSasa udgamo'nivAryaH, evaM vipadAM kSayo'pi dhruvaH, kramazaH sampadAM samupasthitizca sunizciteti vicAraM vicAraM dhIdhairyaM dhArayati / AzAbandhaH sukhAvAptaye - samAzritA cediyaM sAdhayatyasAdhyamapi sAdhyaM sAdhUnAm / parahitaniratA hi sAdhavaH pIDyante pApiSThaiH puruSaH / ajJAnasaMbhArasaMkSINasadbhAvA hyasAdhavo na cintayanti cArucetasAM caritAni / apagate cAjJAnamale ta eva sAdhUnAM saccaritAni cintayanti, prazaMsanti ca teSAM parahitaniratatvam / dhRtyA AzrayaNenaiva sAdhavo'sAdhUna vijayante / proSite hi bhartari viyogaduHkhavidhurA vAmA na labhante jAtu zAntim / Azaiva trAyate tAsAM jIvanam / saiva sAhayati gurvapi virahaduHkham / ata Aha kAlidAsaH - gurvapi virahaduHkhamAzAbandhaH sAhayati / zA0 4-16 atimRdulaM hi mAnasaM bhavati manasvinInAm / AzAbandhamantareNa na zakyaM tAbhirviprayogaduHkhaM soDhum / ata ucyate-- AzAbandhaH kusumasadRzaM prAyazo hyaGganAnAM, sadyaH pAti praNayi hRdayaM viprayoge ruNaddhi / ( megha0 pUrva0 9 ) AzA AzA balavatI rAjan 0 - AzAmavaSTabhyaiva vItarAgabhayakrodhAH saMsArAsAratvopadezadakSA RSayo munayazca mumukSavastIkSNaM tapastapyante / mAzrityaivAntevAsino mahacchramamanuSThAya parIkSodadhimuttIryaM jIvane sAphalyaM bhajante / mahAbhAratayuddhe gate bhISme hate droNe karNe ca devabhUmiM gate AzAmAzrityeva zalyaM sainApatye'bhyaSecayan kauravAH / ata evocyategate bhISme hate droNe karNe ca vinipAtite / AzA balavatI rAjaJchalyo jeSyati pANDavAn // veNI0 5-23 dezAbhyudayaH samAjonnatizcAzAzrayaNenaiva saMbhavati / bhAratavarSe vividhAH paJcavarSIyA yojanA dezAbhyudayasyAzayaiva pravartyante / avagamyata evamAzAyA mahattvam / AzA tRSNayorantaram -- idaM cAtrAvadheyam / sUktaM kenApi -- 'ati sarvatra varjayet' / yadyAzaivaiSA tRSNArUpeNa pariNamate ced bhavatyeSaiva vipadAM nidAnam / nahi zAmyati tRSNA, tadupakaraNAni tu zAmyanti / tAvatyevAzA zreyaskarI

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam sukhasAdhanasvarUpA ca yAvadiyaM nollaGghate svIyAM maryAdAm / maryAdAtikrame tu sarvameva duHkhAtmakatAM bhajate ityatra na kasyApi vipazcito vipratipattiH / etaccetasi kRtvaiva kriyate kovidairAzAyAstiraskriyA, saMtoSasya ca satkriyA / ucyate ca___bAzA hi paramaM duHkhaM nairAzyaM paramaM sukhm|| na syAjjAtvAzAyA vazaMvadaH, api tvAzAmeva vazaMvadAM vidadhIta / AzA ced vazagA tahi sarvo'pi loko vazago bhavet / / ata ucyate AzAyA ye dAsAste dAsAH sarvalokasya / AzA yeSAM dAsI teSAM dAsAyate lokaH // sU0 ra0, pR0 76 AzAvazagasya na bhavati mokSaH sthaviratve'pi / ataH sAdhUcyate zaMkarAcAryeNa carpaTamaMjaryAm 'aGga galitaM palitaM muNDaM dazanavihInaM jAtaM. tuNDam / vRddho yAti gRhItvA daNDaM tadapi na muJcatyAzApiNDam // ' 'kAlaH krIDati gacchatyAyustadapi na munyctyaashaavaayuH|' tadevaM sidhyatyado yat tRSNAtvena nAzrayedAzAm / AzAM vazagAM vidhAyaka tAmAzritya ca sAdhayet sakalaM sAdhyam /

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84. jananI janmabhUmizca svargAdapi garIyasI __(1. mAtRdevo bhava; 2. mAtA bhUmiH putro ahaM pRthivyaaH|) mAturmahattvam-asmin saMsAre mAtaiva sA zaktiH, yA vinaya-mAdhuryazIlA, mamatAmUrtiH, kSamApravaNA, snehasiktA, anurAgaraktA, saumyaguNasaMpRktA, anuraktA'pi viraktA, laghvI api gurvI, abalA'pi sabalA, kaThorA'pi mRdvI, svIya-snehAdiguNairbhuvaM divaM cApyatizete / na mAturmahattvaM kathamapi nirvacanIyaM varNanIyam upameyaM ca / sA hyanupamA apUrvA divyA ca zaktiH / sA mamatAyA AgAram, guNAnAM nidhiH, zIlasya mUrtiH, vinayasyAkaraH, kSamAyAH khaniH, snehasya sAgarazcAsti abhUd vartate vatiSyate ca / sA sthairyeNa acalam, dhairyeNa sAgaram, pAvanatvena pavanam, mAdhuryeNa pIyUSam, kSamayA dharitrIm, sattvodrekeNa pAvakam, AhlAdanena candramasam, dIptyA bhAnuM caapytishete| ko hi zakto mAturguNagaNagaNane / sA nAmamAtreNa snehaM saMcArayati, sadbhAvAn AvirbhAvayati, durbhAvAn damayate, vinayaM prathayati, zIlaM saMpoSayati ca / . vedAdiSu mAturgauravam-vedeSUpaniSatsu dharmazAstreSu ca mAturmahattvaM gauravaM cAnekadhA pratipAdyate / yajurvede mAtA pAvayitrI zodhikA ca procyate / 'Apo asmAn mAtaraH zundhayantu' ( yaju0 4-2 ) / taittirIyopaniSadi 'mAtRdevo bhava' 'pitRdevo bhava' ( tai0 1-11-2) ityanuziSyate / manunA mAturmahattvaM nirdizyate yanmAtA pitRsahasramapi gaurvennaatiricyte| uktaM ca ___ sahasraM tu pitRn mAtA gauraveNAtiricyate // manu0 2-145 bAlasya pAlana-saMvardhanAdiSu yathAvidhaM klezaM pitarau sahete, tasya AnRNyaM varSazatairapi na zakyam / ataeva manunocyate yaM mAtApitarau klezaM sahete saMbhave nRNAm / / na tasya niSkRtiH zakyA kartuM varSazatairapi // manu0 2-227 svadhairya-kSamAdi-guNa-mahattvAcca sA pRthivyA mUrtirmanyate / mAtA pRthivyA mUrtistu bhrAtA svo muurtiraatmnH|| manu0 2-226 manUktadizA pitroNurozca zuzrUSaNaM sarvottamaM tpH| tayonityaM priyaM kuryAdAcAryasya ca sarvadA / teSveva triSu tuSTeSu tapaH sarva samApyate // manu0 2-228 pitrAdeH zuzrUSayaiva caturvidha-phalAvAptirmanunA zasyate / abhivAdanazIlasya nityaM vRddhopsevinH| catvAri saMpravardhante AyurvidyA yazo balam // manu0 2-121

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saMskRtanibandhazatakam mahAbhArate'pi vyAsena nirdizyate - nAsti mAtRsamo gururiti / dazAcAryAnupAdhyAya upAdhyAyAn pitA daza / pitRRn daza tu mAtaikA sarvAM vA pRthivImapi // gurutvenAbhibhavati nAsti mAtRsamo guruH // mahAbhArata evameva mAturmahattvam anyatrApi zrUyate - ' mAtA paraM daivatam', gurutarA bhUmeH / mAtaiva zizorvividhakArya saMpAdanAt zakti-dhAtrI - jananI - ambAityAdibhiH zabdaH stUyate / uktaM ca 'mAtA kukSau saMdhAraNAd dhAtrI jananAjjananI tathA / aGgAnAM vardhanAdambA vIrasUtvena vIrasUH // zizoH zuzrUSaNAcchaktirmAtA syAnmAnanAcca sA // 278 mAtA svargAd garIyasI - mAtaiva zizoH sarvasvam / mAtaiva mamatAyA: khaniH, kAruNyasya mUrtizca / sA zizu -hita- cintanaparA, zizusaMrakSaNasaMsaktA kaSTasahasramapi tRNavad gaNayati / zizoH saMvardhanaM rakSaNaM pAlanaM sarvavidhasamutkarSaMzca tasyA jIvanasya lakSyam / mAtR sneha - jala-sikto bAla-pAdapo vikasati vardhate puSNAti ca / sneha-vAri-vihInasya bAlasya nAnyA gatirabhyudayasya / ataeva bAlo'pi mAtaraM sva- jIvana - sarvasvaM svargAd viziSTaM ca manute / ataeva jananI svargAdapi garIyasI smaryate / mAtRbhUmerAkarSaNam - sA mAnavasya mAtRbhUmijanmabhUmirvA, yaM pradeza sa svajanuSA'laMkaroti / mAtRbhUmi - kroDa - lAlitasya janasya svajanmabhUmi prati tathAvidho'nurAgo jAyate yat sa yAvajjIvanaM mAtRbhUmi smaratyeva / tannAmasmaraNamAtreNa tannAmadheya-zravaNena cAhlAdamanubhavati / loke yaH ko'pi mAnavaH syAt, tasya svamAtRbhUmi prati gurutamA bhaktiH prItiranuraktizca / na tasyA AnRNyaM kathamapi sAdhayituM zakyam / mAtRbhUmirhi mAnavAnAM gariSThA preSThA variSThA ca / mAtRbhUmerrajo'pi svargAdadhikAM camatkRtim Atanoti / bAlo yuvA vRddho vA mAtRbhUmi sneham Azrityaiva AtmasamarpaNamapi vidhitsati / ayodhyA / sarayUM ca prekSya bhAvavihvalasya rAmasya bhAvAbhivyakti kAlidAso manojJayA padAvalyA tanute / yAM saikatotsaGgasukhocitAnAM prAjyaiH payobhiH parivadhitAnAm / sAmAnyadhAtrImiva mAnasaM me saMbhAvayatyuttarakosalAnAm // seyaM madIyA jananIva tena mAnyena rAjJA sarayUviyuktA / dUraM vasantaM zizirAnilaimI taraGgahastairupagUhatIva // raghuvaMza 13-62,63

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jananI janmabhUmizca svargAdapi garIyasI 279 mAtA bhUmiH putro ahaM pRthivyAH - vedeSu vizeSatazcAtharvavedasya bhUmisUkte mAtRbhUmerveziSTyasya 63 mantreSu vizadaM varNanam avApyate / mAtRbhUmiH kathamiva dvipadazcatuSpadazca dhArayati / mAnava-rakSaNa - puraHsaraM saiva jJAna - jyotirapi jvalayati / tvajjAtAstvayi caranti mayastvaM bibharSa dvipadastvaM catuSpadaH / taveme pRthivi paJca mAnavA yebhyo jyotiramRtaM martyemya udyantsUryo razmibhirAtanoti / atharva0 12-1-15 mAtRbhUmermAtRrUpeNa varNanaM na kasya sacetasazceta Avarjayati / bhUmirmAtA'ditirno janitram dyaurnaH pitA / atharva0 6-120-2 sA suvarNamayI bhUmiH satataM sameSAM praNatimarhati / tasyai hiraNyavakSase pRthivyA akaraM namaH / atharva 0 12-1-26 sA mAtRbhUmirasmAn putravad gaNayantI sukhaM samRddhi tejazca dizet / tatputrA vayaM sahodaravad vyavaharema / .... sA no bhUmivisRjatAM mAtA putrAya me payaH / atharva0 12-1-10 sA no bhUme prarocaya hiraNyasyeva saMdRzi, mA no dvikSata kazcana / athavaM 12-1-18 sA jJAnaM vAgmitvaM samRddhiM ca vitaret / seyaM mAtRbhUmiH zriyai pratiSThAyai bhUtyai cAjasraM prArthyate / na kevalametadeva, sAkSAd mAtRbhUmeH putratvam aGgIkRtya tadvadAcaraNaM samathyaMte / vAco madhu pRthivi dhehi mahyam / atharva 0 12-1-16 bhUme mArtAna ghehi mA bhadrayA supratiSThitam / saMvidAnA divA kave zriyAM mAM dhehi bhUtyAm // a0 12-1-63 mAtA bhUmiH putro ahaM pRthivyAH / atharva0 12-1-12 mAtRbhUmegauravam - mAtRbhUmerevaitad gauravaM yad vIrA dhIrA yuvAno yuvatyaH sthavirAzca sotsAhaM saharSaM ca mAtRbhUmisaMrakSaNArtham, paratantratA -pAza-vicchedArthaM ca svajIvanaM balidAnabhAvanayA samarpayanti / ko nu zaknoti varNayituM krAntidhvaja-dhAriNAM dhIradhaureyANAM vIravareNyAnAM bhagatasiMha candrazekhara AjAdarAmaprasAda bismila - vIra sAvarakara - khudIrAma bosa - prabhRtInAM puNyAni caritAni / paratantratA-pAza-vicchedArthaM katibhirna vIraiH svajIvanAni mAtRbhUmi- caraNeSu samarpitAni / dezabhakti-bhAvanayaiva preritAH puNyAtmAno mahAtmAno maharSidayAnanda

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280 saMskRtanibandhazatakam svAmivivekAnanda-lokamAnya bAlagaMgAdhara tilaka-lAlA lAjapatarAya-citaraJjanadAsa-gopAlakRSNa gokhale-mahAtmA gAndhi-subhASacandrabosa-javAharalAlaneharusaradAravallabha bhAI paTela-zyAmAprasAda mukarjI-prabhRtayo dhIratallajA vidvadagresarAH svIyaM sarvasvaM samarpya dezodhRti-bhAvanA-bhAvitAntarAtmAno deze videzeSu ca bhAratabhUgauravam abhyavardhayan / dezabhakti-bhAvanaiva sA bhAvanA yA'ntazcetanAM prerayati udbodhayati ca / saiva divyazaktirUpeNa mumUrSoM mRtaprAye ca prANasaMcAraM vidadhAti / dezabhaktibhAvanodbhAsita-cetaso na duHkhaM gaNayanti, na sukhaM kAmayante, na kaSTajAtaM cintayanti, na vighnasahasraM samIkSante, na bhautikAbhyudayaM lipsante, na svArtha saMpipAdayiSanti, na ca svotsAha-bhaGgam Ihante / te lakSyaikapravaNAH, kArya vA sAdhayeyaM zarIraM vA pAtayeyam' iti mantram udghoSayantaH, 'vAMsAsi jIrNAni yathA vihAya0' 'nainaM chindanti zastrANi0' iti ca vyAharantaH saha zUlimapyAliGganti, golikApAtamapi sahante, mRtyudaNDamapi kAmayante, jIvanotsarga ca samIhante / viSNupurANe bhAratabhuvo gauravaM procyate, gAyanti devAH kila gItAkAni, dhanyAstu te bhaartbhuumibhaage| svargApavargAspadamArgabhUte, bhavanti bhUyaH puruSAH suratvAt // bhAratamAturgauravakIrtanArthameva procyate vande mAtaram / sujalAM suphalAM mlyjshiitlaam| zasyazyAmalAM mAtaram, bande mAtaram // api ca hutAtmanAM bhasma nidhAya mUni, svajIvanotsargavatA ajasram / asUn jahurye nijarASTrahetosta eva devA amarAH surAzca // ( kapilasya ) hutAtmanAM caritraM tu sarvadoSavinAzakam / anukurvan naro nUnaM sarvapApaiH pramucyate // ( kapilasya )

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85. saMghe zaktiH kalau yuge (saMhatiH zreyasI puMsAm ) saMghasyopayogitvam--jagati pratipadam avalokyate yat saMghenaiva kAryasiddhiH saMpadyate / ekam uddezya lakSyIkRtya bahUnAM lokAnAm ekatvabhAvanayA kAryakaraNaM saMhatiH, ekatA, saMgaThanam, saMgho vaa'bhidhiiyte| saMghaH saMhatiH ekatA vA sa guNo vartate yo vyaktI samAje rASTra cApUrvI camatkRtim AdadhAti / saMghabalenaiva samAjo dezazca unnatipatham adhirohataH / saMhatimUlA zaktinaM kenApi vyavacchettuM saMdharSayituM vA paaryte|| __ saMhatemahattvam-vaidikaM vAGmayam anuzIlyate nirIkSyate cet tatraikatvabhAvanAyAH sahayogasya sAmaJjasyasya ca mahattvaM pratipAdyate / Rgvede'ntimasUkte ekatAyAH saMhatezca mahattvaM nirdizyate / tatrAdizyate yat sametya samavAyarUpeNa vA gamanaM vacanaM cintanaM mananaM mantraNaM vA zreyase bhavati / uktaM ca saM gacchadhvaM saM vadadhvaM saM vo manAMsi jAnatAm // samAno mantraH samitiH samAnI, samAnaM manaH saha cittameSAm / samAnaM mantramabhi mantraye vaH samAnena vo haviSA juhomi // samAnI va AkUtiH samAnA hRdayAni vH| . samAnamastu vo mano yathA vaH susahAsati // Rg0 10. 191. 2-4 atharvavede sAmaJjasyasya dveSAbhAvasya pArasparikasahayogasya ekalakSyatAyAzcAdezaH prApyate / gauryathA vatse snihyati, tathaiva pArasparikaM sauhArda syAt / rathe'rA iva samAje sahayogaM kurvanto lokA abhyudayaM labheran / teSAM bhojanasthAnaM jalapAnasthAnaM caikarUpaM syAt / evam ekoddezyatve sati samAjonnatiH rASTronnatizca saMpatsyate / sahRdayaM sAMmanasyamavidveSaM kRNomi vH| anyo anyamabhi haryata jAtaM vatsamivAghnyA // atharva0 3-30.1 samAnI prapA saha vo'nnabhAgaH, samAne yoktre saha vo yunajmi / samyaJco'gni saparyatArA nAbhimivAbhitaH // atharva0 3-30-6 saMghasya lokopayogitvam-jIvane pratipadaM saMghasyopayogitA prekSyate / yatra yatra saMghastatra tatra balaM zaktimattvaM ca / parAdhInatA-pAza-nigaDitasya bhAratasya bhAratIyAnAm ekatayA sahayogena ca svAtantryalAbhaH / ekatAyA abhAvAdeva bhArataM parAdhInatA-pAza-nibandhanam AsasAda / mahAtmano gAndhernetRtve lokaikatvabhAvodayena parAdhInatA-pAza-chedanaM samajAyata /

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282 saMskRtanibandhazatakam saMhatiH zreyasI puMsAm-saMhatebalenaiva tRNAni rajjubhAvaM samAsAdayanti / tatazca gajendro'pi badhyate / jala-bindu-samUha eva nadItvaM sAgaratvaM cApnoti / rajaHkaNasamUha eva mahAparvatarUpaM dhatte / tantusamUha eva sudRDha-paTarUpeNa pariNamati / ataevocyate-saMhatiH zreyasI puMsAm / saMhatemahattvaM nItizAstrakAraiH pratipAdyate yad alpAnAmapi vastUnAM saMhatiH kAryasAdhikA / tRNairguNatvamApannairbadhyante mattadantinaH // hito0 1-34 / yatraivaikatAyA abhAvo virodho vaiSamyaM ca, tatra kAryasyAsiddhiH kSayo nAzo vinAzo hAniradhogatirvA lakSyate / atoM mahAbhArate procyate na vai bhinnA jAtu caranti dharma, na vai sukhaM prApnuvantIha bhinnAH / na vai bhinnA gauravaM prApnuvanti, na vai bhinnAH prazamaM rocayanti // ataeva saMbandhino jJAtayaH suhRdazca na virodhyaaH| turairapi parityaktAstaNDulA na prarohanti / uktaM ca saMhatiH zreyasI puMsAM svakularalpakairapi / tuSeNApi parityaktA na prarohanti taNDulAH // hito0 1-35 saMghe zaktiH kalo yuge yadi sAmprataM bhuvane'valokyate cet tahi sarvatraiva Arthika sAmAjike audyogike rASTriya rAjanItike zaikSike ca kSetre saMghasya mahattvaM prekSyate / ArthikakSetre zramikANAm , vyavasAyinAm, zilpinAm,carmakArANAma, nApitAnAma, rikzA-cAlakAnAm, moTaracAlakAnAm, prakAzakAnAm, lekhakAnAm, audyogikAnAm, baiMka-karmacAriNAma, milazramikANAM ca zatazaH saMghA dRSTipathamupayAnti / sAmAjikakSetre chAtrANAm, lekhakAnAm, sAhityikAnAm, kalAkArANAm, mahilAnAM ca vividhAH saMghAH samIkSyante zrUyante ca / rASTirakSetre vividha-vAda-pravartakAH saMghA dRggocaratAm upagacchanti, yathA-samAjavAdinAm, sAmyavAdinAm, zoSitAnAm, kRSakANAma, lokatantrAdivAdinAM vividhAH saMghAH kasya na zrutipathamavataranti / evameva kAMgresa-janasaMgha-bhAratIya lokadala-bhAratIyakrAntidala-samAjavAdi-sAmyavAdi-prabhRtayo'neke rAjanItikasaMghAH pracaranti / nATo-sITo-prabhRtayo dezasaMghAH, saMyukta rASTra-saMghazca vizvadezasaMghAH praavrtnt| saMyuktarASTrasaMgho vizvahitacikIrSayA vizvaduHkhaparijihIrSayA ca pravartitaH sNghH| loke ekAkino janasya bAlasya sthavirasya vA na tathA zaktisaMpuSTaM gauravAspadaM ca vacanam, yathA tat sarvatrAdriyeta / kAryasAdhanakSamatvaM saMhato ekatAyAM

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saMghe zaktiH kalau yuge 283 ca darIdRzyate / samUhAvalambanam anAzritya vihitaM karma na tathA sadyaH phaladAyi kAryasiddhisAdhakaM ca, yathA samavAyena samUhAzrayaNena ca / ataeva loke vividhAH saMghAH pravartyante / samUhAzrayasya kAryANi lakSyaM cAlpIyasaivAyAsena sidhyanti / vastutaH kalo kAle saMgha eva kAryasAdhakaH, kaSTazamakaH, durgati-damakaH, avRttinirodhakaH, zoSaNanAzakaH, hitasaMpAdakaH, adamyotsAhasaMcArakazca / ataeva zasyate saMghe zaktiH kalau yuge|

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86. cakravat parivartante duHkhAni ca sukhAni ca (1) kasyaikAntaM sukhamupanataM duHkhamekAntato vA; ( 2 ) nocairgacchatyupari ca dazA cakranemikrameNa; ( 3 ) patanAntAH samucchyAH ; (4) cakArapaGktiriva gacchati bhAgyapaGktiH / jagataH parivartanazIlatvam-nikhilaM jagadidaM parivartanazAli / pratikSaNaM pratipalaM sarvo'pi bhUtagrAmaH svAtmani parivattimanubhavati / parivattidharmatvamevAsya bhuvanasya vilokaM vilokaM vipazcidbhiH 'gacchatIti jagat' iti nirvacanamAzritya jagaditi nAmadheyaM vihitam / 'saMsarati gacchati calati veti saMsAraH, saMsRtirvA' iti vyutpattinimittakaM saMsAraH saMsRtiriti ca nAmadvayaM pravartitaM kovidaH / jagat, saMsAraH, saMsRtirityAdayaH zabdAH samudghoSayanti saMsArasya parivartanazAlitvam / neha kiJcidvastu zAzvataM, sthiram, aparivartanazAli vA / yadA sarvasya lokasyedRzyavasthA tadA na saMbhavati mAnavajIvanasyAparivRttitvam, tatrApi ca sukhasya duHkhasya vA samAvasthayA samavasthAnam / prakRtau parivartanama-jagati yathartavaH parivartante, yathA saptasaptirudeti, vidhurastameti, nizAkarazcodayaM yAti, prabhAkarazcAstamugacchati, yathA rAtreranantaraM dinaM divasAnantaraM ca vibhAvarI, tathaiva sukhAnantaraM duHkhaM, duHkhAnantaraM ca sukham, sampadanantaraM vipat, vipadanantaraM ca sampaditi / sarvametat parivartanasya kramamAtram / etadeva tathyaM samIkSya sandizati zAkuntale kavikulaguruH kAlidAsa:-'yAtyekato'stazikharaM patiroSadhInAm, AviSkRto'ruNapuraHsara ekato'rkaH / tejodvayasya yugapad vyasanodayAbhyAM loko niyamyata ivAtmadazAntareSu ( zAku0 4 / 2) / utthAnaM patanam, utkarSo'pakarSaH, janma mRtyuH, sampattivipattiH, sukhaM duHkhamiti ca parivRtteravasthAntarameva nAnyat / yathA zaizavaM, tadanu yauvanaM, tadanu vArdhakam, tadanu dehAvasAnaM, tadanu janmAntaraM, tadanu punaH zaizavam / evameva jIvane sukhaduHkhe privrtete| parivRtte ravazyaMbhAvitvAdanivAryatvAcca / parivartanasyAvazyakatA-saMbhavati parivartane'smin keSAmapyApattiraniSTApattirvA / paraM nipUrNa vicAryate tarhi pratIyate parivRtteH sutarAmAvazyakatopayogitA ca / bhuvane'smin nAbhaviSyat parivartanaM cennAbhaviSyat pragatirunnatirabhyudayazca lokAnAm / RtUnAM parivRttimantareNa nAbhaviSyat vasanto, grISmo varSA vaa| na cedabhaviSyat savaSTi bhaviSyat subhikSam / nAbhaviSyacced duHkhaM nAnubhUtamabhaviSyat sukham / duHkhasya sattaiva sukhamanubhAvayati, sukhasya sattA ca duHkham / yadyeko yAvajjIvaM sukhaM sampattimevAnubhavedanyazca duHkhaM vipattimeva vA, tarhi na prasariSyati lokasthitiH / karmaNAmAvazyakatopayogitA cAnubhUyate sarvaireva / karmavipAko'pi niyato'ta: karmAnurUpaM /

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cakravat parivartante duHkhAni ca sukhAni ca 285 kazcit svakRta- sukRtaparipAkarUpeNa sukhamadhigacchati, tadviparyayeNa ca duHkham / sukhaduHkhaM parivartamAnametat sutarAM zikSayati nikhilaM jagat sukRtyasya satpariNAmitvaM, duSkRtyasya ca duSpariNAmitvam / / parivRtteretasyA mahattvamAlokyaiva mahAkavibhirvividhAH sUktayo viSaye'smin vaNitAH / yathA ca - ( ka ) ato'pi naikAntasukho'sti kazcinnaikAntaduHkhaH puruSaH pRthivyAm | ( buddhacaritam 11-43 ) | ( kha ) bhAgyakrameNa hi dhanAni bhavanti yAnti ( mRccha0 1 / 13 ) / - sukhaduHkhayoH svarUpam -- kiM nAma sukhaM, kiJca duHkhamiti / sukhaduHkhasya bahUni lakSaNAni varNyante vividhaiH zAstrakAraiH / bhagavAn manuratra nirdizati yat sarvamAtmAdhInaM sukham, AtmAyattatvaM vA sukhatvamiti, parAyattatvaM ca duHkhatvamiti / tadAha - 'sarva paravazaM duHkhaM sarvamAtmavazaM sukham / etad vidyAt samAsena lakSaNaM sukhaduHkhayo:' / kecana cAnye sukhaduHkhayorlakSaNaM nigadanti / su suSThu sukhakaraM vA khebhya indriyebhya iti sukham, jJAnendriyebhyaH sukhakaraM yat tatsukhamiti / evameva jJAnendriyebhyo duHkhakaraM yat tad duHkhamiti / manmatyA tu lakSaNAntaramapi zabdayoranayoH sambhavati / suSThu khAni sukhAni, duSTAni khAni duHkhAni iti / indriyANi cet saMyatAni tarhi sarvamapi viSayajAtaM sukhatvamApadyate / duSTAni cedindriyANi tarhi sarvo'pi viSayagrAmo duHkhatvenApatati / itthaM sukhaduHkhazabdadvayamevendriyasaMyamasya mahattvamupadizati / kasyaikAntaM sukhamupanataM duHkhamekAntato vA - sukhavad duHkhasyApi jIvane - nalpaM mahattvam / duHkhanizIthinIM dhRtyottIryaiva dhIrAH zrIkaumudImAkAGkSanti / ananubhUya duHkhaM na sukhaM sAdhUpabhujyate / ataH sAdhUcyate--- sukhaM hi duHkhAnyanubhUya zobhate ( mRccha0 1 / 10 ), yadevopanataM duHkhAt sukhaM tadrasavattaram (vikrmo03|21 ) / samIkSyate caitat pratyahaM yanna sukhaM sulabhaM duHkhAnubhUtimantarA pratyavAyamantareNa ca / duHkhamanubhUya pratyUhAn nirasya ca zreyaH sulabham / ata evAbhidhIyate - zreyAMsi labdhumasukhAni vinAntarAyaiH ( kirAtA0 5/49 ), vighnavatyaH prAthitArthasiddhayaH ( zAku0 aGka 3 ) / cakravat parivartante duHkhAni ca sukhAni ca -- karmavipAkasya balIyastvAt samApatati ced duHkhaM tarhi kiM nu vidheyaM varAkeNa vipadgrastena / duHkhodadhau nimagnena dhairyamevAvalambanIyam / dhairyamAzrityaiva dhIrAH vipatpArAvAramuttaranti / pArAvAre potabhaGge'pi sAMyAtriko dhRtimavaSTabhya titIrSatyeva / ukta ca - ' tyAjyaM na dhairyaM vidhure'pi kAle, dhairyAt kadAcid gatimApnuyAt saH / yAte samudre'pi ca potabhaGge, sAMyAtriko vAJchati tartumeva' / ghore duHkhe'pi nara AtmazaktimAzrayate cet sa duHkhaprahANi kartuM prabhavati / nahi kiMcidasAdhyamAtmazaktyA / Atma

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286 saMskRtanibandhazatakam zaktihi sarvodayasya mUlam / sA duHkhavibhAvarI svaprakharAMzubhiH sadyaH saMharati / ata ucyate-'uddharedAtmanAtmAnaM nAtmAnamavasAdayet / Atmaiva hyAtmano bandhurAtmaiva ripurAtmanaH // dhairyadhanA hi saadhvH| te sampadi na hRSyanti, na ca vipadi viSIdanti / ataH sukhaduHkhe same kRtvA pravarteta / sampadi vipadi ca mahatAmekarUpataiva lakSyate / yathA cocyate-'udeti savitA tAmrastAmra evAstameti ca / sampattau ca vipattau ca mahatAmekarUpatA' / ataH sampadi na hRSyet, na ca vipadi viSIdet / vipadi dhairyamAdhAya cetasi svIyaM kartavyamativAhayet //

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87. ArjavaM hi kuTileSu na nItiH ( 1. zaThe zAThyaM samAcareta; 2. mAyAcAro mAyayA bartitavyaH, 3. mRdurhi paribhUyate / ) zaTheSu ArjavaM na hitAya-ArjavaM sAdhutvam, RjutA, vinayAzritA ca paddhatinigadyate / loke dvividhA pravRttirmAnavAnAm, sAdhutvamUlA asAdhutvamUlA ca / sAdhutvamUlA pravRttiH sadbhAvAn saMcArayati, sadguNAn prabodhayati, kintu asAdhutvamUlA pravRttiH asAdhvAcaraNe, parArthaghAte, svArthasAdhane, steyAdinA dhanasaMgrahe, viSAdiprayogeNa parasvaharaNe ca prerayati / asAdhuvRttayo janAH svasya dezasya ca ghoram ahitaM vidadhati / etAdRzA eva durvattA durAcArA vazcakAH pApAcArAzca zaThazabdena gRhyante / tathAvidhA narA deza-samAja-rASTrAdInAm avanateH kAraNAni / ete kaNTakavad yatra kutrApi sthitA doSajAtameva pravartayanti / eteSAM hananaM tADanaM niSkAsanaM niyantraNaM paripIDanaM ca zAstrakArairAdizyate / tathAvidheSu karuNA dayA AjavaM vA na kathamapi hitAya pravartate / zaThe zAThyaM samAcaret-nItizAstrakArairanumodyate yad yasmin yo yathA vartate, tasmin tathaiva vartitavyam / sAdhusvabhAvaH sAdhusvabhAvenopagantavyaH, khalo durjano vA mAyAcAreNa apakAreNa nigraheNa vopagamyaH / mahAbhArate'taeva yathAyogyavyavahAra Adizyate / yasmin yathA vartate yo manuSyastasmistathA vartitavyaM sa dhrmH| mAyAvAro mAyayA vartitavyaH, sAdhvAcAraH sAdhunA prtyupeyH|| mahA0 mahAbhArate sAhasikA janA AtatAyino gaNyante / yathA-gRhAdidAhakaH, viSapradaH, vadhakartA, dhanahartA, strIhartA ca / agnido garavazcaiva zastronmatto dhnaaphH| kSetradAraharazcaitAn SaD vidyAvAtatAyinaH // manu0 AtatAyinamAyAntaM hanyAdevAvicArayan // manu0 8-350 - AtatAyinAM vadhe na kazcana doSo gaNyate / AtatAyinam Agacchantameva hanyAt / AtatAyinAM vadhAdiH, sAhasapravRttasya ca zAsanaM rAjJaH prathamaM kartavyam, na ca tAn upekSeta / na kevalametadeva, api tu zaTha-nigrahArtha zastragrahaNaM dvijAtInAM kRte Adizyate / AtmarakSArtham, strI-viprAdirakSArtha zaThaM nighnan jano na doSabhAg bhavati / / Atmanazca paritrANe dakSiNAnAM ca saMgare / strIviprAbhyupapattoca, dharmeNa ghnan na duSyati // manu0 8-349

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288 saMskRta nibandhazatakam mAyAcAro mAyayA vatitavyaH-mahAbhAratakatA vyAsena sAdhacyate yada mAyAvinA saha mAyayaiva vartitavyam / nItikArairmahAkAvyakAraizca zaThe zAThyameva samarthyate / nItikArairAdizyate yat 'payaHpAnaM bhujaGgAnAM kevalaM viSavardhanam / ' kAlidAsenApi nirdizyate yat-'zAmyet pratyapakAreNa nopakAreNa durjanaH' / mahAkavinA bhAsenApi etadeva samarthyate-'mRdurhi paribhUyate' (pratimAnATaka 1-18) / mahAkavinA zrIharSeNa naiSadhIyacarite pratipAdyate yad 'ArjavaM hi kuTileSu na nItiH' / mahAkavinA bhAraviNA viSaye'smin vizadaM vivicyAnumodyate yat khaleSu ArjavaM na nItisaMmatam / kirAtArjunIye tenAbhidhIyate yad mAyAvinaH zaThA dhRzceiSava iva marmasthalabhedino bhavanti / tAdRzA narAH zAThayenaiva zikSaNIyAH / yatra manyuH krodho vA bhavati, tasyaiva narA vazavartino bhavanti, anyasya tu upahAsAspadatvaM bhavati / uktaM ca-- vrajanti te mUDhadhiyaH parAbhavaM bhavanti mAyAviSu ye na maayinH| pravizya hi ghnanti zaThAstathAvidhAnasaMvRtAGgAn nizitA ivessvH|| avandhyakopasya vihanturApadAM bhavanti vazyAH svayameva dehinH| amarSazUnyena janasya jantanA na jAtahArdena na vidvissaadrH|| . kirAtA0 1-30, 33 ArjavaM hi kuTileSu na nItiH-mahAkavinA mAghenApi samarthyate yad rogaH zatruzca kathamapi nopekSyau, yato hi tau vRddhimApannau doSAya vinAzAya ca sNpdyte| uttiSThamAnastu paro nopekSyaH pthymicchtaa| samau hi ziSTairAmnAtau vaya'ntAvAmayaH sa ca // zizu0 2-10 arAteH samUlamunmUlanena vinA pratiSThA durlabhA, yathA dhUliM paGkatAm aprApayya udakaM nAvasthAtaM zaknoti / vipakSamakhilIkRtya pratiSThA khalu durlabhA / anItvA paGkatAM dhUlimudakaM nAvatiSThate // zizu0 2-34 anyatra ca mAghena pratipAdyate yad yAvadeko'pi zatruravaziSyate tAvanna sukhaM zayituM zakyam / tathAvidho durjanaH pratipadaM klezAyaiva saMjAyate / sameSAmapi surANAM samakSaM rAhuH sudhAMzu grasate kliznAti ca / dhriyate yAvadeko'pi ripastAvat kutaH sukham / puraH kliznAti somaM hi saiMhikeyo'suradruhAm // zizu0 2-35 ataeva sAdhUcyate kenApi-'agneH zeSam RNAccheSaM zatroH zeSaM na shessyet'|

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ArjavaM hi kuTileSu na nItiH 289 kaNTakenaiva kaNTakam-loke'pi dRzyate yat kaNTakenaiva kaNTakam udhriyate, evaM khalo'pi ArjavamanAzritya zaThatvAzrayaNenaiva duzcaritAd vyAvartate / homyopaithikacikitsA-paddhatAvapi 'viSasya viSamauSadham' iti siddhAnta AsthIyate / ailopaithika-cikitsA-paddhatau tu sarpamukhagharSaNaprakriyAm Azritya sadyorogopazamana-prakriyA kriyate / nahi zaThaH sAdhunopAyena satpatham aashryte| aitihyamapyetadeva zikSayati yat zaThe zAThyenaiva vyavaharet / tathaiva kAryasiddhiH sAphalyaM ca / ataeva kAlidAsenApyabhidhIyate zAmyet pratyapakAreNa nopakAreNa durjnH|| kumAra0

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88. dharmArthakAmamokSANAm ArogyaM mUlamuttamam ( 1. zarIramAdyaM khalu dharmasAdhanam, 2. Arogyam ) Arogyasya puruSArthasAdhanatvam-dharmArthakAmamokSAH puruSArthacatuSTayaM manyate / etat puruSArthacatuSTayameva jIvanasya lakSyatvena nirdhAryate / ekenApyaGgena hInaM puruSArthacatuSTayaM na jIvanoddezyapUrtaye prabhavati / kathamiva sAdhyaM puruSArthacatuSTayamiti jijJAsAyAm Arogyameva tanmUlatvena gRhyate / sati jIvane nIroge, sati zarIre svasthe hRSTa puSTe, sati ca mAnasikavikAse mAnavasya sarvo'pyabhilASaH, sarvA'pi mahattvAkAGkSA, sarvamapyabhISTaM sukareNaivopAyena sidhyati / dIne, hIne, rugNe, AdhivyAdhisantapte, cintAsahasranicite, vikSiptatvAdidoSayukte ca na saMbhavati puruSArthacatuSTayAvAptiH / ataeva mahAbhArate jIvalokasya SaTsukhavarNane vyAsena ArogyaM prAdhAnyena nirdizyate arthAgamo nityamarogitA ca, priyA ca bhAryA priyavAdinI c| vazyazca putro'rthakarI ca vidyA, SaD jIvalokasya sukhAni rAjan // mahAbhArata zarIramAdyaM khalu dharmasAdhanam-sarvasya lokasya sukhamabhIpsitam, zAntiriSTA, samRddhizca mnstossprdaa| paraM sukha-zAnteravAptiH nairogyamantareNa, zArIrikasvAsthyam apahAya ca kathamapi na saMbhavati / svasthe citte eva nairogyaM svAsthyaM ca / puruSArthacatuSTayAvAptiH adhyavasAyajanyA, adhyavasAya: zramam apekSate, zramaH svAsthyam, svAsthyaM nIrogatvam, nIrogatvaM cittaprasAdam, cittaprasAdazca sadvattam apekSate / evaM vRttaM zIlaM vA svAsthyasya paramaM mUlam / ataeva vyAsena manunA cocyate vRttaM yatnena saMrakSed vittameti ca yAti ca / akSINo vittataHkSINo vRttatastu hato htH|| mahA0 AcArAllabhate hyAyurAcArAdIpsitAH prjaaH| AcArAd dhanamakSayyam AcAro hantyalakSaNam // manu0 4-156 Arogyasya dharmamUlatvam-dharmakRtyeSu satyAhiMsA-brahmacaryapAlanam, lokasevA, paropakaraNam, yajJa-dAna-tapaHpUjopAsanAdikam, sarvamapyetad dharmakRtyam ArogyAyattam / svasthenaiva mAnasena, nIrogeNaiva mAnavena ca yajJAdividhiH, pUjAkarma, prANAyAmAdikam, sandhyopAsanam, vividhavratapAlanam, saMyamaH, zaraNAgatarakSaNam, svAdhyAya-pravacanam, adhyApanam , adhyayanam, sadAcAra-niyamapAlanaM ca kartu pAryate / na ca nirbalena, rogagrastena, zArIrikabalahInena, khinnena, nirAzena, viSaNNena, cintAtatigrastena ca dharmakArya saMpAdayituM zakyam / ato dharmAcaraNasiddhayai Arogyam anivAryam /

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dharmArthakAmamokSANAm ArogyaM mUlamuttamam 291 ArogyasyArthamUlatvam - viditamevaitat sameSAmapi vidvadagresarANAM yat'sarve guNAH kAJcanamAzrayante', 'yasyArthAstasya mitrANi', 'yasyAsti vittaM sa naraH kulInaH', 'hiraNyamevArjaya niSphalA guNAH' ityAdIni subhASitAni dravyArjanameva samarthayanti / arthArjanaM vittopArjanaM draviNanicayAvAptirvA kiM niHsattvena, kiM rujAkrAntena kiM kSINabalena vA sAdhyam ? arthopArjane zaktimattvasya, utsAhasya, Arogyasya ca pratipadam AvazyakatA'nubhUyate / ataeva - 'anirvedaH zriyo mUlam', 'adhyavasAyaH zriyo mUlam,' 'udyoginaM puruSasiMhamupaiti lakSmI:', ityAdikaM vyAdizyate / Arogyasya kAmamUlatvam - sAMsArikA viSayabhogAH, vilAsAH, mRganayanyo ramaNyAH, vividha-rasa-vyaJjana-saMvalitAni bhojyAni vividhAni ca bhautikAni sukhAni svasthenaiva kalevareNopabhoktuM zakyante / svAsthyAbhAve kSudho'pacayaH, zirovedanAdivRddhiH, vyAdhigrastatvaM zaktikSayazca / evaM nairogyameva bhautikaviSayopabhogakSamatAm ApAdayati / Arogyasya mokSasAdhanatvam - mokSAvAptaye tapazcaraNaM sAdhanAzrayaNaM prANAyAmAdikaM cAzrIyate / tadarthamapi ArogyasyAnivAryatvam / ataeva gItAyAM pratipAdyate yante / nAtyaznatastu yogo'sti, na caikAntamanaznataH / na cAtisvapnazIlasya, jAgrato naiva cArjuna // gItA 6-16 yuktAhAravihArasya yuktaceSTasya karmasu / yuktasvapnAvabodhasya yogo bhavati duHkhahA // gItA 6-17 Arogyasya sAdhanAni - roganidAnarUpeNAcAryaiH SaT kAraNAni vyAhi atyambupAnAd viSamAzanAcca, divA zayAd jAgaraNAcca rAtrau / saMrodhanAda mUtrapurISayozca SaDbhiH prakAraiH prabhavanti rogAH // sarvANyetAni rogakAraNAni sAvadhAnatayA pariyANi / svAsthyalAbhAya bahuvidhA vyAyAmA nirdizyante / yathA - bhramaNam, dhAvanam, krIDanam, taraNam, azvArohaNam, mallayuddham, ityAdIni / chAtropayogikrIDAsu pAdakandukakrIDA, yaSTikakrIDA (haoNkI), karakanduka ( vaoNlIbAla ) - krIDA ca rucikarA : svAsthyaafdhanyazca / vyAyAmena zarIrapuSTizcetaH prasAdazca / ataevocyate--'svasthe citte buddhayaH prasphuranti' / svasthe citte jJAnodayaH, sphUrtisamanvayazca / svasthasyaiva sarvatrAdaraH pratiSThA ca / 'kRze kasyAsti sauhRdam / ' ataH sidhyati -- 'dharmArthakAmamokSANAma ArogyaM mUlamuttamam / '

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89. udyoginaM puruSasiMhamupaiti lakSmIH ( 1. nAstyudyamasamo bandhuH 2. kriyAsiddhiH sattve bhavati mahatAM nopakaraNe, 3. udyamena hi sidhyanti kAryANi na manorathaiH / ) ko nAmodyogaH ? -- ekoddezyena sAvahitena cetasA zramapUrvaM kRtaM karma udyoga ityabhidhIyate / udyoga eva udyama - puruSArtha - adhyavasAya prayatnAdibhiH zabdairvyavahriyate / udyoge udyame ca mahattvAkAGkSAyAH, utkarSasya, pragateH, vikAsasya, samunnatezca samanvayo'bhISyate / udyoga eva sakale'pi loke jIvanasya sarvavidhAm AkAGkSAM sarvavidhaM ca manorathaM pUrayati / svAbhilaSitapUrtaye udyogAzrayaNam anivAryam / udyogasyopayogitvam -- sarvo'pi lokaH sukham abhilaSyati, vaibhavaM lipsate, cikIrSitaM vidhitsati, svakAmanAnurUpaM karmajAtaM niSpAdayitum, icchati ca / tatsAdhanAya udyogamantareNa nAnyat sAdhanam / udyama eva manobalavivardhanapuraHsaraM karmaNi niyojayati, cetaH prerayati, jIvanam udbodhayati, utsAhaM saMcArayati, kAryakSamatAM vivardhayati, Atmika zakti svAbhimAnaM ca samedhayati / evam udyamasya sarvAsu kriyAsu anivAryatvaM prekSyate / udyamenaiva sarvAbhISTalAbho vaibhavAvAptizcetyudyoga AzrIyate / uktaM ca udyoginaM puruSasahamupaiti lakSmIrdevena deyamiti kApuruSA vadanti / daivaM nihatya kuru pauruSamAtmazaktyA, yatne kRte yadi na sidhyati ko'tra doSaH // Alasyam udyogasya paramo'rAtiH / sAlasaM na zrIvindati / lakSmIH zrIH samRddhizca sotsAhaM mahodyamaM kaThina karmopazamitta pratyUhanivahaM dRDhanizcayavidAritasaMzIti-dhvAntameva dhIradhaureyaM vIravareNyaM ca vRNvate / udyamam antareNa siMho'pi mRgAdAne'kSamaH / udyamam Azrityeva pipIlakA'pi yojanAnAM sahasraM yAti / tucchAH patatriNazca yojanazatam uDDIyante / yatnAbhAve vainateyo'pi padaikamapi prasatu na kSamate / ataevocyate manorathaiH / AlasyaM hi manuSyANAM zarIrasyo mahAn ripuH / nAstyudyamasamo bandhuH kRtvA yaM nAvasIdati // udyamena hi sidhyanti kAryANi na nahi suptasya siMhasya pravizanti yojanAnAM sahasraM tu zanairgacchet agacchan vainateyo'pi padamekaM na mukhe mRgAH // pipIlikA / gacchati // nAstyudyamasamo bandhuH -- ko nAma bandhuH ? yo hi viSamAyAM sthito, viSame kAle, vipannAyAM cAvasthAyAM sAhAyyam Acarati, sahayogam AvirbhAva

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293 udyoginaM puruSasiMhapaiti lakSmIH yati, sahAnubhUti prakaTayati, kaSTanivAraNe prabhavati ca, sa eva bandhuH sakhA mitra hitakRt ca / udyama eva sa guNo yo viSame kAle, vipatpArAvAra-nimagna-lokoddhRtau ca sAhAyyam Acarati, dhairya prerayati, zAnti prApayati, AtmavizvAsa jAgarayati ca, ataH saH bandhuriti vyavahriyate / udyamam Azritasya nAtmAvasAdaH, na hInatvabhAvanA, na ca duHkhadAvAgni-santApaH / ataevodyamaH prazasyate / ucyate ca-nAstyudyamasamo bandhuH / / udyamena hi sidhyanti kAryANi na manorathaiH-yajurvede bhagavadgItAyAM ca nirdizyate yat karmaiva mAnavasya jIvanam / anAzritya karma jIvananirvAho'pi duSkaraH / yogakSemAvAptaye, sukhasAdhanAya, zarIrayAtrAprasiddhayarthaM ca karmAzrayaNam anivAryam / kurvanneveha karmANi jijIviSecchataM smaaH| yaju0 40-2 niyataM kuru karma tvaM karma jyAyo jhkrmnnH| zarIrayAtrA'pi ca te na prasidhyedakarmaNaH // gItA 3-8 karmaNyeva mAnavAdhikAraH, na tu karmaphalaprAptau / ataH karmaphalAsaktim anAzritya kartavyabhAvanayaiva karma saMpAdanIyam / uktaM ca karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana / mA karmaphalaheturbhUrmA te saGgo'stvakarmaNi // gItA 2-47 niSkAmabhAvanayA kRtaM karma sarvakarmabhyo'tiricyate / siddhirasiddhirvA, lAbho hAnirvA, sarvametat na kartavyabhAvanodaye nirIkSyate vivicyate ca / kvacit kRte'pi karmaNi, vihite'pi yatne, yadi na syAt phalAvAptiH, tatra na kazcana doSabhAg bhavati / kRte ca karmaNi ko doSa iti sAdhvanveSTavyaH / ataevocyate yatne kRte yadi na sidhyati ko'tra dossH|| hito0 pra0 31 kriyAsiddhiH sattve bhavati mahatAM nopakaraNe-manobalasamavetAnAm, AtmikabalasaMpuSTAnAm, mAnadhanAnAM ca kAryANi svasattvam Azrityaiva pravartante / te 'kArya vA sAdhayeyaM zarIraM vA pAtayeyam' iti mantram udghoSayanti jayanti ca / vastuto jIvane sattvameva kAryasiddharhetuH / ataeva rAmAyaNe nigadyate-'anirvedaH zriyo mUlam / ' ataeva zrIrAmacandraH svamanobalenaiva sarvasAdhanasaMpannaM laukika-sAdhana-samanvitaM dazAnanaM vijigye / mahAtmA gAndhiH AtmikabalAzrayaNenaiva AMgla-zAsakavRndaM vijitya bhAratavarSa svAtantryam agamayat / sarvametat sattvamUlakameva / ataevocyate-kriyAsiddhiH sattve bhavati mahatAM nopkrnne| yatrodyamasyAvasthAnaM tatraivezvarasyApi sAhAyyam / 'nAyamAtmA balahInena

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294 saMskRtanibandhazatakam labhyaH' ityatra Atmabala-saMpannasyaiva vibhuH sAhAyyam Acarati / yatrodyamAdayaH SaD guNA vartante, tatra vibhurapi sahAyakRditi sAdhu pratipAdyate / udyamaH sAhasaM dhairya buddhiH zaktiH praakrmH| SaDete yatra vartante tatra sAhAyyakRd vibhuH|| udyamanava nirdhanAH sadhanAH, ajJA jJAnasaMpannAH, akuzalAH kuzalAH, nirbalA: sabalAH, dInA hInAzca sarvavidha-vibhava-samanvitAzca jAyante / udyamenaiva vAlmIki-vyAsAdayaH kavivareNyAH sNjaataaH| mahAkaviH kAlidAsazcodyamenaiva kavikulaguruH, kavitA-kAminIkAntazca babhUva / sarvametad udyamasyaiva mahimAnaM vyanakti /

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90. uddharedAtmanAtmAnaM nAtmAnamavasAdayet (mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM bandhamokSayoH) Atmabalam-loke na kAcidapi zaktistAdRzI balavatI phalavatI sakalasAmarthyavatI ca, yAdRzI aatmshktiH| AtmikazakteauravaM nAnumAtuM na ca varNayituM zakyate / Atmabalena kiM kiM na sAdhyate / Atmabalenaiva icchAzakterudgamaH / icchAzakteH pratApena na kevalaM bhautikam abhISTaM pUryate, api tu IzvarAvAptirapi tIvramanaHsaMkalpa-sAdhyA / ataeva yogadarzane procyate tIvrasaMvegAnAmAsannaH / yoga0 1-21 na bAhyA zaktistathA mAnavasyopakI, kAryasAdhikA ca, yathA AtmazaktiH, AtmavizvAsaH, AtmabalaM c| AtmabalasaMgrahe kRte sati duSkaramapi sukaram, durlabhamapi sulabham, durjayamapi sujayaM sNpdyte| kA vA zaktirAsIt puruSottamasya rAmasya yat sa sainyabalahIno'pi, nirvAsito'pi, vAnaramAtrasahAyo'pi tribhuvanavijayinaM sarvasAdhanasaMpannaM vividha-mAyA-bala-samavetaM rAvaNaM vijayeta ? sA zaktirAtmazaktirAsIt, yA rAmaM vijaya-vaijayantIM prApayat / uktaM ca vijetavyA laGkA caraNataraNIyo jalanidhivipakSaH paulastyo raNabhuvi sahAyAzca kpyH| tathApyeko rAmaH sakalamavadhId rAkSasakulaM kriyAsiddhiH sattve bhavati mahatAM nopakaraNe // bhojapra0 170 . uddharedAtmanAtmAnaM nAtmAnam avasAdayet-loke kasya nAbhISTA aatmonntiH| sarvo'pi loka Atmonnatyai AtmAbhyudayAya svAbhilaSitapUrtaye ca yatate adhyavasyati vyavasyati ca / AtmonnatiH sarvasya preSThA gariSThA ca / yato hi-'AtmalAbhamanu lAbhasampadaH' / svonnatiH srvottmaa| kazca tadavAptyupAya iti vicAraNAyAm avagamyate yanna parasAhAyyenAtmonnatiH sulabhA sUkarA ca / Atmonnatyai svAvalambanaM svapuruSArthAzrayaNaM ca sarvotkRSTam / yatra svAvalambanaM sAhasaM dhairya ca tatra paramezvaro'pi sAhAyyakRd bhavati / uktaM caGod helps those who help themselves. udyamaH sAhasaM dhairya buddhiH zaktiH praakrmH| SaDete yatra vartante tatra sAhAyyakRd vibhuH|| bhagavadgItAyAM zrIkRSNena pratipAdyate yad AtmabalAzrayaNena aatmonntirjaayte| parAzrayaNaM duHkhodakam / Atmaiva puruSArthAzrayaNe bandhutvam Apadyate, hInabhAvopAsane ca zatrutvena vipariNamate / ato na kadAcidapi hInabhAvanA''zrayaNIyA / ucyate ca

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296 saMskRtanibandhazatakam uddharedAtmanAtmAnaM nAtmAnamavasAdayet / Atmaiva hyAtmano bandhurAtmaiva ripuraatmnH|| gItA 6-5 sukhaduHkhayorlakSaNaM vyAdizatA vyAsenApyetadeva samarthyate yat svaprayatnAzritaM yat tat sukham, yat parAyattaM tad duHkhamiti / sarva paravazaM duHkhaM sarvamAtmavazaM sukham / etad vidyAt samAsena lakSaNaM sukhaduHkhayoH // mahA0 mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM bandhamokSayoH-mana eva loke sarvottama jyotiH / ataeva yajurvede mano jyotiSAM jyotiriti varNyate / yajjAgrato dUramudaiti daivaM tadu suptasya tathaivaiti / dUragamaM jyotiSAM jyotirekaM tanme manaH zivasaMkalpamastu // yaju0 34-1 manobalaM yathA zaktipradam, na tathA loke kiMcanAnyat / manobalameva icchAzakti ( will-power )-rUpeNa vipariNamate / manobalasya icchAzaktervA mahattvaM sarvalokaviditam / manobalenaiva mahAtmA gAndhiH AMglazAsakAn vijitya bhArata svAtantryam AnaiSIt / mana eva sattvaguNopetaM cet tanmokSasAdhanaM jaayte| tadeva viparItaM sat tamoguNopetaM bandhanasya kAraNam Apadyate / ataevocyate'mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM bndhmokssyoH'| kathamiva manaso nigraho vazIkaraNaM vA syAditi jijJAsAyAM gItAyAM pratipAdyate yad indriyajayena abhyAsa-vairAgyAbhyAM ca manaso vazIkaraNaM saMjAyate / sati indriyajaye AtmA bandhurUpaH, tadabhAve ca zatrurUpaH / bandhurAtmAtmanastasya yenAtmaivAtmanA jitH| anAtmanastu zatrutve vartetAtmaiva zatruvat // gItA 6-6 - nItizloke'pyetadeva samarthyate yat-'AtmabuddhiH sukhAyaiva, gurubuddhivizeSataH' ityanena AtmasAhAyyameva sukhasAdhakaM procyate / mahAtmanA buddhena etadevAzritya manaso mahattvaM nirdizyate yanmana eva sarvArthasAdhakam / svasthena manasA kRtaM karma sukhadacchAyava sukhasAdhakam / mano pavvaMgamA dhammA manoseTTA mnomyaa| manasA ce pasannena bhAsati vA karoti vaa| tato 'naM sukhamanveti chAyA' va anapAyinI ||dhmmpd 1-2 anyatrApi tenopadizyate yad Atmaiva AtmanaH prabhuH, Atmaiva Atmano gatiH / ata AtmAnaM saMyaccheta, vaNik sadazvamiva / attA hi attano nAtho attA hi attano gati / tasmA sAmayattAnaM assaM bhadrava vaannijo||dhmmpd 25-21 evaM sidhyati yad-'uddharedAtmanAtmAnaM nAtmAnamavasAdayet' / .

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91. yogaH karmasu kauzalam ( 1. karmaNyevAdhikAraste0; 2. kurvanneveha karmANi jijIviSecchataM samAH / ) kurvanneveha karmANi jijIviSecchataM samAH - 'yato'bhyudayaniHzreyasasiddhiH sa dharma:' ( vaizeSika0 ) iti vyAharatA maharSiNA kaNAdena, 'bhogApavargArthaM dRzyam' ( yoga0 2-18 ) iti ca pratipAdayatA maharSiNA pataJjalinA sAdhvidaM nirdizyate yad jIvanasya lakSyaM laukika- pAralaukikobhaya-sukhAvAptiH / nAntareNa karma laukikI pAralaukikI vA siddhiH sAdhyA / karmaNaiva jIvanasya sAphalyam / karmaiva svAbhISTasAdhana-puraHsaraM mokSAvAptimapi sAdhayati / ataeva yajurvede Adizyate yat karmANi kurvanneva zatavarSaM yAvad jijIviSet / niSkAmakarmabhAvanayA karmakaraNena na bandhanAvAptiH, na ca karmaphalAvalepaH / uktaM cakurvanneveha karmANi jijIviSecchataM samAH / evaM tvayi nAnyatheto'sti na karma lipyate nare // yaju0 40-2 karmaNyevAdhikAraste-- kAryapravRttimantareNa jIvane na kiMcit sAphalyaM saMbhAvyate / ataeva karmaNo'nivAryatvaM zasyate nirdizyate ca / uktaM caniyataM kuru karma tvaM karma jyAyo hyakarmaNaH / zarIrayAtrApi ca te na prasidhyedakarmaNaH // gItA 3-8 kRte'pi karmaNi kathamiva karma bandhanasAdhanaM na syAd iti jijJAsAyAM procyate yad indriyanigraha - puraHsaram anAsaktibhAvanayA kRtaM karma na bandhana hetutvaM bhajate / ataevocyate stvindriyANi manasA niyamyArabhate'rjuna / karmendriyaiH karmayogamasaktaH sa viziSyate // gItA 3-7 evaM gItAyAM pratipAdyate yad mAnavena svajIvana nirvAhArtham, AjIvikAsaMcAlanArtham, vRttipravartanArthaM ca karma kAryam / tacca anAsakti bhAvanayA vidheyam, na ca phalAbhilASastatra zreyaskaraH / phalakAmanA'bhAve'pi akarmaNi pravRtti: sarvathA duHkhAyaiva / ataevocyate- karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana / mA karmaphalaheturbhUrmA te saGgo'stvakarmaNi // gItA 2-47 yogaH karmasu kauzalam - - karmasu kauzalameva yogaH / kimatra karmakauzalenAbhipretam ? kuzAn lAti chinatti iti kuzalaH / yathA sAvadhAnena tIkSNakuzAgracchedanena kuzalatvaM sidhyati, tathaiva karma-viSaye'pi kuzalatvam iSyate / karma dvividham- - 1. sukhodarkam, 2. duHkhodakaM ca / sakAmabhAvanayA phalalipsayA ca kriyamANaM karma manonukUla - phala - lAbhAbhAve duHkhodarkam / niSkAmabhAvanayA ca kriyamANaM karma phalepsA'bhAvAt sukhodakaM sukhasAdhakaM ca / ataeva bhagavatA

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298 saMskRta nibandhazatakam kRSNena saMdizyate yad jJAnapUrvakaM kRtaM karma pApapuNyAtmakaM dvividhamapi phalaM parijahAti / etAdRzaM karma kauzalena saMpAditaM procyate / etadeva yogasya svarUpam / uktaM ca-- buddhiyukto jahAtIha ubhe sukRtaduSkRte / tasmAd yogAya yujyasva yogaH karmasu kauzalam // gItA 2 - 50 yatra niSkAmabhAvanA tatra zAzvatI zAntiH, anyatra ca sakAmatvena bandhanam / ataH kathaM kAryaM kAryam iti jijJAsAyAM kamalapatranidarzanena viSayo'yaM vizadIkriyate / yathA salilasthamapi padmapatraM na salilena lipyate, tathaiva anAsaktabhAvena brahmArpaNabuddhayA ca kRtaM karma na doSAya, na ca bandhanAya / brahmaNyAdhAya karmANi saGgaM tyaktvA karoti yaH / lipyate na sa pApena padmapatramivAmbhasA // gItA 5-10 yuktaH karmaphalaM tyaktvA zAntimApnoti naiSThikIm / ayuktaH kAmakAreNa phale sakto nibadhyate // gItA 5- 12 vAsanAkSayAd yogasiddhiH -- muktikopaniSadi viSayo'yaM mahatA vistareNa vivicyate / tatra caivaM pratipAdyate yadiyaM vAsanAsarit zubhAzubhAbhyAM mArgAbhyAM pracarati sA zubhe pathi niyojyA / yadA vAsaneyam azubhAd nivartya zubhe pathi niyojyate tadA sarvavAsanAkSayAd muktipadalAbho bhavati / seyaM vAsanA vividha - janmasaMbaddhA / iyaM cirAbhyAsayogena kSIyate / yAvad vAsanA - samudayo na tAvad mAnasika zAntiH / vAsanA- vinAze tu cetaH zAntAcirdIpa iva zamam upaiti / vAsanAhetoreva prANasaMcAra:, tena ca vAsanA, tathA ca cittabIjAGkurodgamaH / cittavRkSasya dve bIje - prANaspandanaM vAsanA ca / dvayorekasyApi nigrahe dvayoreva vinAzaH saMjAyate / asya saMsAravRkSasya mana eva mUlam / tadeva saMkalparUpeNa pratipuruSam avatiSThate / tasyopazamena saMsAravRkSasya vinAzaH saMjAyate / vAsanayaiva bandhanam, vAsanAkSayeNa ca mokSaH / uktaM ca zubhAzubhAbhyAM mArgAbhyAM vahantI vAsanAsarit / muktiko0 5 pauruSeNa prayatnena yojanIyA zubhe pathi // mukti0 6 vAsanAvilaye cetaH zamamAyAti dIpavat // mukti0 18 dve bIje cittavRkSasya prANaspandanavAsane / ekasmizca tayoH kSINe kSipraM dve api nazyataH // mukti0 27 asya saMsAravRkSasya mano mUlamidaM sthitam / saMkalpa eva tanmanye saMkalpopazamena tat // mukti0 37 bandho hi vAsanAbandho mokSaH syAd vAsanAkSayaH / mukti0 68

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.92. guNAH pUjAsthAnaM guNiSu na ca liGga na ca vayaH ( 1. guNairgauravamAyAti na mahatyApi sampadA; 2 gurutAM nayanti hi guNA na saMhatiH; 3. tejasAM hi na vayaH samIkSyate; 4. yo'nUcAnaH sa no mahAn / ) guNAH pUjAsthAnam-saMsAre'smin santi bahani vastuni, yAni puruSa saMmAnaM lambhayanti, yathA dhanam, vaibhavam, kalA, saundaryam, vidyA, cAritryAdikaM c| tatra mahAkaverbhavabhUtermatamidaM yat-na saundaryAdinA, na liGgavizeSaNa puMstvena strItvena vA, na ca vaibhavena gurutvam AsAdyate, api tu guNaireva gauravam avApyate / guNagauravasaMpannA bhuvi bhUpatibhirapi Adriyante saMmAnyante ca / kinu kAraNaM yad RSayo maharSayo yatayaH saMnyAsinazca sarvalokavandyatAM samadhigacchanti ? tatra guNagauravam, cAritryAdimahattvam, tapaHpAvanatvAdikaM ca teSAM guNotkarSe hetuH / yatra yatra guNavattvam tatra tatrAdarAspadatvam / guNA brahmaNoM'zarUpeNa mAnave saMsthitAH / teSAM samutkarSo jIvane brahmatvAdhAnAd jyotijvalayati, tejaH pravartayati, ojazca vikAsayati / ataeva guNavRddheSu jJAnavRddheSu ca na vayaH saMlakSyate / etadeva kAlidAsena samarthyate yat tejasvinAM vayo na gaNyate / 'tejasAM hi na vayaH samIkSyate' ( raghu0 11-1) / yaH ko'pi vA guNagaurava saMpannaH, sadbhAvabhUSAbhUSitaH, jJAnAlaMkRtaH, zIlasamanvitazca sa eva sarveSAM vandyo mAnyaH pUjyazca saMpadyate / ataevocyate guNAH pUjAsthAnaM guNiSu na ca liGgaM na ca vyH| uttara0 4-11 yo'nUcAnaH sa no mahAn-vedeSu zAstreSu ca viprANAM jJAnato jyeSThatvaM zreSThatvaM ca svIkriyate / manusmRtI kathanametad nidarzanena samarthyate yat zizuH AGgirasaH kaviH pitarau pAThayan tAn 'putrakAH' ityuvAca / pitarau bAlasya kathanam anucitaM manvAnau devAnupetya tAn apRcchatAm / devAstu zizoH kathanaM nyAyyamiti samarthitavantaH / AdiSTaM ca ajJo bhavati vai bAlaH pitA bhavati mntrdH| ajJaM hi bAlamityAhuH pitetyeva tu mantradam // manu0 2-153 etat smRtizAsanam anurudhya yaH ko'pi jJAnopadeSTA zikSakazca sa pitRtulyaH, ziSyazca putratulyaH / na vayasA vittena parivArAdinA vA mahattvam, api tu jJAna-vijJAna-niSNAtatvameva mahattvasya kAraNam / viprANAM jJAnataH zreSThatvam, kSatriyANAM parAkramataH, vaizyAnAM ca dhn-dhaany-smddhyaa| zUdrANAmeva kevalaM janmato vayasA vA jyeSThatvaM gaNyate / uktaM ca na hAyanairna palitairna vittena na bndhubhiH| RSayazcakrire dharma yo'nUcAnaH sa no mahAn // manu0 2-154

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300 saMskRtanibandhazatakam viprANAM jJAnato jyaiSThyaM kSatriyANAM tu viirytH| vaizyAnAM dhAnyadhanataH, zUdrANAmeva jnmtH|| manu0 2-155 gurutAM nayanti hi guNA na saMhatiH ( ki0 12-10)-mahAkavinA bhAraviNA pratipAdyate yad guNaireva mAnavairgauravaM labhyate / na vayasA, na zarIrasthaulyena, nAnyena vA vibhvaadinaa| ataeva loke'valokyate yad guNaireva gauravaM kulInatvaM pUjyatvaM ca / kalA-samRddhyaiva sudhAMzuH zaMbhunA zirasi dhAryate / gaNairevoccatvaM tuGgatvaM ca / prAsAdazikhara-gato'pi kAko nAdriyate, nIcairAsanagato'pi garuDaH pUjyate / ato guNA eva sAdhyAH, guNArjanameva zreyaskaram / nahi kevalam ADambaraiH prapaJcairvA naro gauravamavApnoti / kSIravirahitA gAvo na sundaraghaNTA-raveNaiva vikrIyante / uktaM ca guNeSu kriyatAM yatnaH kimATopaiH prayojanam / vikrIyante na ghaNTAbhirgAvaH kssiirvijitaaH|| zAGgadharapa0 298 na kevalametadeva, naiva pitRvaMzakIrtanaM svapUrvajaguNAnuvAdo vA mAnavam Adaram Avahati, api tu samAdarakAraNaM guNoccaya eva / guNotkarSavaiziSTayAdeva vAsudevaH saMmAnyate pUjyate ca, na tu tajjanako vasudevaH / guNA eva narasya saubhAgyavardhakAH saurabhasaMcArakAzca / ataeva dvirephAH ketakIpuSpagandham AghrAya svayaM tatropayAnti / evaM guNA dUtatvaM bhajante / guNAH kurvanti dUtatvaM dUre'pi vasatAM satAm / ketakIgandhamAghrAya svayamAyAnti ssttpdaaH||shaagdhrp0 290 zarIrasya guNAnAM ca gauravaparIkSaNe guNA eva gauravAtizayam Azrayante / zarIraM kSaNabhaGguram, guNAstu avinazvarAH kalpAntasthAyinazca / zarIrasya guNAnAM ca dUramatyantamantaram / zarIraM kSaNavidhvaMsi kalpAntasthAyino gnnaaH||hito0 1-48 gaNairgauravamAyAti na mahatyApi sampadA-na vibhavena, na dhanadhAnyena, na samRddhayA ca, naro loke gurutvaM bhajate, api tu guNagaNasamRddhireva gauravasya nidAnam / gauravasya kAraNAni santi guNA eva / jJAna-vidyA-dharma-paropakArasaccAritryAdayo guNA yameva bhUSayanti, sa eva guNagauravanidhAnatAm Apadyate / guNAH kastUrikAsaurabhavad didigantaraM svasaurabhamahimnA vAsayanti / tadartham AtmaprazaMsA hInatvabhAvanAmUlaivAvagantavyA / uktaM ca yadi santi guNAH paMsAM vikasantyeva te svayam / nahi kastUrikAmodaH zapathena vibhAvyate // kuvalayAnanda 51 ataevocyate yad guNArjane eva mAnavena prayatna AstheyaH / guNaireva durlabhamapi padam avAptu pAryate / guNagauraveNaiva candramasA zivazirobhUSaNatvam aapnnm|

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301 guNAH pUjAsthAnaM guNiSu na ca liGgaM na ca vayaH guNeSu yatnaH puruSeNa kAryo na kiMcidaprApyatamaM guNAnAm / guNaprakarSAduDupena zaMbhoraladhyamullaGghitamuttamAGgam // . mRcchaka0 4-23 guNaireva kauzeyaM suvarNaM padma candrAdikaM ca prazasyate / sarvametad guNotkarSasyaiva mahattvam / nahi gauravaM mahattvaM vA janmamUlakam / kauzeyaM kRmijaM suvarNamupalAd dUrvApi goromataH paGkAt tAmarasaM zazAGka udadherindIvaraM gomayAt / kASThAdagniraheH phaNAdapi maNiopittato rocanA prAkAzyaM svaguNodayena guNino gacchanti kiM janmanA // paMcataMtra 1-103 tejasAM hi na vayaH samIkSyate--guNagauravAdeva tejasvinAM vayo nAlakSyate / svotkarSamUlaiva teSAM prathitirAtizca / acirodgatasyApi bhAnoH pAdAH bhUbhRtAM zirasi nipatanti / bAlo'pi siMhazAvako madamucAM gajendrANAM mUrdhani pAdaM nidhatte / sarvametat tejasvitAmUlakameva / nahi tejasviSu vayovRddhiguNavRddhemUlam / uktaM ca bAlasyApi ravaH pAdAH patantyupari bhUbhatAm / tejasA saha jAtAnAM vayaH kutropayujyate // paMcatatra 1-357 siMhaH zizurapi nipatati madamalinakapolabhittiSu gajeSu / prakRtiriyaM sattvavatAM na khalu vayastejaso hetuH|| bhartR0 nIti0 38 .

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93. sahasA vidadhIta na kriyAm prastAvanA-mahAkavarbhAravermahAkAvye kirAtArjunIye santi zatazaH sUktimuktAH / tatrApi dvitrAH santi sUktayo yAzcakAsati taraNi zriyamiva / tAsvapyanyatamaiSA sUktiH / sUktaM tena mahAkavinA yat ko'pi jana: sahasA kimapi vidheyaM na vidadhIta, yato hyavivekaH paramApadAM padamasti / ye ca vimRzyakAriNo bhavanti ta eva zriyaH zrayante / yathoktaM tena sahasA vidadhIta na kriyAmavivekaH paramApadAM padam / vRNute hi vimRzyakAriNaM guNalubdhAH svayameva sampadaH // kirAtA0 2-30 vivekaH saMpadAM mUlama--ko nAma vivekaH ? kazcAvivekaH ? ka upayogo vivekasya ? kimiha sAdhyaM vivekena ? yadi nopAdIyate'yaM kathamiva vipadAM nidAnatvena pariNamate ? vivecanameva viveka iti / sadasatoH, puNyApuNyayoH, kartavyAkartavyayoH, heyopAdeyayozca yena vidhivad vivecanaM kriyate sa viveka ityabhidhIyate / itarazcAviveka ityAkhyAyate / vivekasya mahatyupayogitA jIvane'smin / viveka eva sadasatoH, pApapuNyayoH, karmAkarmaNozca phalAphalaM gurulAghavaM ca cintayati / sa eva kiM heyaM kiccopekSyamiti sandizati / viveka eveha jagati jJAnamiti, buddhiriti, dhIriti ca vyvhriyte| vivekamantareNa na bhayAna bhedo manuSyeSu pazuSu ca / asti mAnave vivekazaktiH / yayA so'rthamanarthaM ca bahudhA vibhAvya arthasAdhakam upAdatte'narthasAdhakaM cojjhati / jIvane hi sarvasyeSTaM sukham / sarvo hi yatate sukhAvAptaye / nahi durjano'pi khalo'pi mUDho'pi hInendriyo'pi duHkhamiSTatvena gaNayati / so'pi sukhameva kAmayate, yatate ca tallAbhAya / aGgIkRtAyAm IdRzyAm avasthAyAM ko tu mArgo yaH sukhasAdhakatvena pravarteta / vicAracakSuSA cintyate ced vivekasya mahattvaM sphuTaM pratIyate / sarvamapi sAdhyaM sAdhyate vivekenaiva / vivekapUrvA kRtireva lambhayati zriyam / viveka eva sukhasya mUlam, zAntenidhAnama, dhRtyA nidAnam, zriya AzrayaH, guNAnAm AgAram, vibhavasya bhUmiH, unnateH sAdhanam, satkarmaNAm AkaraH, vinayasya kAraNam, zIlasya saMdhAyakazca / viveka Azritazced, na jIvane'vasAdAvasaraH / anupAdattazcedayaM pratipalaM pratipadaM copatiSThante, vipado duHkhAni pratyUhAzca / ___ avivekaH paramApadAM padam--ye hi vipazcito vicArazIlAzca te pratipadaM samyag avadhArya vastusthiti zAntena svAntena kartavyasyAkartavyasya ca gurulAghavaM vimazya yad hitasAdhakaM sukhakArakaM ca tadevopAdadate / nahi bhayAd vA, hriyA vA, sahasA vA, kiJcitte'nutiSThanti / yatkarma suvicArya kriyate tat satphalamAdadhAti / ata ucyate--

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sahasA vidadhIta na kriyAm 303 sucintya coktaM suvicArya yatkRtaM sudIrghakAle'pi na yAti vikriyAm / hitopadezaH 1-22 ye cAvicArya karmaNi pravartante, teSAM prvRttirjnyaanmuulaa| ajJAnaM hi sarvAsAmApadAmAspadam / ajJAnAvRtatvAt teSAM karmaNAM duHkhAvAptireva sulabhA / tAdRzA janA diGmUDhA iva sukhaM duHkhamiti manyante, duHkhaM ca sukham, pApaM sukhasAdhanamiti, puNyaM ca duHkhasAdhanamiti / evaM te vyasanazatazaravyatAmupagacchanti, pratyahamavanati copayAnti / ata uktaM bhartRhariNA vivekabhraSTAnAM bhavati vinipAtaH shtmukhH| nIti0 10 sahasA vidadhIta na kriyAm-vipazcito hi vicArya sarvamapi kriyAkalApaM karmaNi pravartante / sudhiyAmavanibhRtAM caiSa paramo guNo yadvimRzya te karmasu pravRttimAdadhate / bhUbhRtAM mantrazaktivicAramUlaiva / kiM kArya kazca tasyopAya iti bhRzaM vivicya te kartavyaM karma nizcinvanti / yadyavicAryaiva nizcIyate kiJcit tahi tatphalaM duHkhAvahameva bhvitaa| evaM vidvAMso'pi yat kiJcidapi syAt kartavyam, tatra pariNati pradhAnato'vadhArayanti / nahi te sahasA kartavyamakartavyaM vA vinizcitya karmasu prvrtnte| sahasA vihitaM vidheyaM duHkhaM lambhayati, cetasi ca zalyatulyamAghAtaM vidhatte / ataH sAdhUktaM bhartRhariNA guNavadaguNavadvA kurvatA kAryamAdau pariNatiravadhAryA yatnataH paNDitena / atirabhasakRtAnAM karmaNAmAvipatte rbhavati hRdayadAhI zalyatulyo vipAkaH // nIti0 99 cirakAraka bhadraM te--eSa evAbhiprAyazcarakasaMhitAyAmapyupalabhyate'parIkSyakAriNo hi kuzalA bhavanti', 'nAparIkSitamabhinivizeta', 'samyakprayoganimittA hi sarvakarmaNAM siddhiriSTA / vyaapccaasmykpryognimittaa'| bhagavatA carakeNApi kartavyasya karmaNaH parIkSaNamanivAryatvena gaNyate / yadi samyag vicArya kartavyaM nirdhAryate, tarhi tasya sAphalyamapi prAgevAnumAtu pAryate / avicArya kRte karmaNi na kevalamasAphalyameva, apitu vipad, zarIraklezaH, sAdhanAtyayaH, pratyavAyAvAptizcApi / mahAbhArate'pi vyAsena suvicArya karmapravRttirupadiSTA / vimRzyakArI sukhamedhate, zriyamaznute, pratyUhAnapahanti, vipad vidArayati, sAdhyaM sAdhayati ca / uktaM ca mahAbhArate cirakAraka bhadraM te, bhadraM te cirakAraka' / / __ mUDhaH parapratyayaneyabuddhiH--anAlocya zubhAzubhaM jano yat karmaNi pravartate, tasya mUlamajJAnameva / ajJAnAvRtacetaso hi mithyAmAhAtmyagarvanirbharAH, prAjJaMmanyAH, kartavyAkartavya vivecanamapyAtmaprajJAparibhavatvenAkalayanti, na te

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304 saMskRtanibandhazatakam zuzrUSante sAdhUnAmupadiSTam, kriyAvilambam antarAyAntaraNamavagacchanti, kSiprakAritvaM ca zriyaH sAdhanaM gaNayanti / evaMvidhayA''tmaviDambanayA vipralabdhAste'tirabhasakAritvAd na kevalaM vipatpArAvAre eva nimajjanti, apitu sarvalokasyopahAsyatAmavApya duHkhaduHkhena kAlamativAhayanti / kecana hatabuddhitvAd ajJAnatamaHprasareNa pIDyamAnA yathaivopadizyate paraistathaivAcaryate taiH / na te svavivekopayogena sAdhvasAdhu vA nirNetumadhyavasyanti / pariNatistu tasya vipadupatApa eva / ato nigaditaM kAlidAsena-- 'santaH parIkSyAnyatarad bhajante, mUDhaH prprtyyneybuddhiH|| mAlavikAgni0 1-2 vivekamUlAH pravRttayaH-vivekamUla: suvicArazcedAzrIyate Azrayatvena, nahyasAdhyamiha kiJcijjagati / pratyahaM samIkSyate sarvasyAM saMsRtau dezairanekaiH svarASTroddhArAya pravartyamAnA vividhA yojnaaH| bhArate'ti paJcavarSIyA yojanAH prayuktacarAH prayujyamAnAH prayokSyamANAzcAvekSyante / vivekamUlatvAdevaitAsAM sAphalyamiSyate saMbhAvyate ca / vipazcito'pi vivekajIvitvAt jIvanasya kAryakramaM vimRzyAvadhArayanti / adhyavasAyAvasiktena manasA muhurmuhuryatamAnAste svAbhIpsitamAzrayante / avimazyakAritvaM daHkhAya-bhAratIyaitizamIkSyate ceta tatrApyavicAryakAritvAdeva vividhA vipado vIkSyante / dAzarathI rAmaH survaNamRgaM prekSyAvicAryakAritvAdeva tamanvadhAvat / tatkRtyaM ca tasya jAnakIharaNatvena pariNeme / gurulAghavamavimRzyava rAvaNo'pi sItAharaNe pravRtto nidhanamavAptazca sabAndhavaH / avivekamAzrityaiva duryodhano'pi sacyagramAtrabhapradAne'pi kArpaNyaM bheje / tadvipAkatvena mahAbhAratasamare saparivAraH saparijanaH sveSTajanasahitaH sakalAmavani vihAya divamazizriyat / ato vicAryaiva kRtirnussttheyaa| atirabhasatvaM ca vipanmUlakamiti pariharaNIyam /

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94. cintAviSaghnaM rasAyanam (nAsti cintAsamo vyAdhiH ) cintAyAH svarUpam-samagrasukhanidhAnena bhagavatA jagadIzena sRSTi vidadhatA na jAne kena hetunA mAnavAnAM duHkhamUlA cintA-nAmeyaM kAcidapUrvA picAzI smutpaaditaa| seyaM narANAM raktapAyinI, Adhi-vyAdhi-mUlA, zarIrasaMtApayitrI, manodAhikA, kAcid rAkSasI / yA na kevalaM rudhirapAnenaiva tRptim adhigacchati, api tu aharnizaM yAvajjIvaM ca vividharUpANi gRhItvA chAyeva mAnavam anusarati / kecana sukhArthinaH sukhalipsayA, dhanArthino dhanakAmyayA, kSudhApIDitA dhAnyArtham, RNagrastA AnaNyArtham, aputrAH putrArtham, azikSitAH zikSArtham, gatavibhavAH punarvibhavalAbhArtham, aniSTagrastA iSTaprAptyai ca cintAkulA dRzyante / yena kenApi prakAreNaikadA kRtavasatiriyaM cetaHsU balAda niHsAryamANApi, tiraskRtApi, tADyamAnApi, pIDyamAnApi, bahuzo nirbhatsitApi svAzrayaM nojjhati / cintA citayaiva samaM zAmyati / seyaM sAmyavAda-pratiSThApikeva nirdhanaM sadhanaM ca, nirgaNaM saguNaM ca, avidyAgrastaM vidyA-vaibhava-bhAsvaraM ca, kulInama akulInaM ca, antyajama agrajanmAnaM ca, dezasthaM videzasthaM ca, kalAvidaM vijJAna-bhAnu-pradyotitAntaHkaraNaM ca samadRSTayA nirIkSamANA rAtrindivaM vyAkulayati utpIDayati ca / zuSkaM vRkSaM vahniriva, sacchidraM potaM salilamiva, patrasaMcayaM davAgniriva, tRNAcchannaM gRhaM mAtarizveva, nirAzA-vyAkula-mAnasaM mAnavaM vinAzayati cintAsamuttho jaatvedaaH| cintAyA mUlamabhAvaH-abhAvazcintAyA mUlam / iSTaprApti-draviNa-sukhAdyabhAvo'syA mUlam / yatrevAbhAvAnubhavastatraiva cintAyAH sadanam / saiSA AzrayAzo vahniriva yamevAzrayate tameva bhasmasAd vidadhAti / ataH sukarametad vaktum'nAsti cintAsamo vyAdhiH, nAsti cintAsamo ripuH / nAsti cintAsamaM duHkhaM nAsti cintAsamaM bhayam / ' 'cintA jarA mnussyaannaam'| nIrogamapi prasannamAnasamapi mAnavaM cintA'ntaH pravizya vyAdhigrastaM niSprabhaM zokasantaptaM ca vidadhAti / seyaM na kevalaM zoka-duHkha-lAni-IrSyA-rUkSatA-asahiSNutA-nairAzyakrodhAdInAM mAnasika-duHkhAnAmeva mUlam, api tu hRdroga-raktacApa-madhumehaanidrA - zirovedanA-pakSAghAta - malAvarodhAdInAM vyAdhInAmapi mukhyaM kAraNam / sUktaM kenApi-'svacchandaM carato narasya hRdaye cintAjvaro nirmitaH / ' cintA mUlamanarthAnAma-cintayA naro nizceSTo jaDazca saMjAyate / yatra yatraiva jaDatvaM nizceSTatA vA, tatra tatra duHkhAvAptiH / pravahamAnaM salilaM nirdoSaM nirmalaM pAvanaM madhuraM ca bhavati, tathaiva cintAvirahitaM sotsAhaM pragatizIlaM ca 20

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306 saMskRta nibandhazatakam mAnasaM kAryAkAryaM-viveka dakSaM heyopAdeya jJAna - viziSTaM sakriyaM saceSTaM sadguNa-gaNavibhUSitaM sva-para-kRtya-sAdhakaM sadasadviveka - vibhAsvaraM ca bhAsate / cintA mUlamanarthAnAm, Adhi-vyAdhinidAnam, manaso dUSakam, svAntasya saMtApakam, jJAna-vijJAna - nAzakaM ca kAraNam ityavagatya na kevalaM heyaivaiSA, api tu sarvathA hRdayAd niHsAryA manaso'pAkaraNIyA, svAntAcca saMharaNIyA / cintA dahati sajIvam -- dahanakriyAyAM cintA citAmapyatizete / citA nirjIvaM dahati cintA tu sajIvaM bhasmasAt kurute / uktaM ca- 'cintAyAzca citAyAzca cintA caiva garIyasI / citA dahati nirjIvaM cintA caiva sajIvakam / / ' bindumAtrAdhikyAt citApekSayeyaM dAhazaktI bahuguNA / 'bindunaivAdhikA cintA, citA'tyalpA hi bhUtale / ' praviSTamAtraivaiSA sasAraM niHsAram, sacetanam acetanam, sabalaM nirbalam, sazaktam azaktam, manasvinaM ca hInavRtti vidadhAti / ato yadaivaiSA pApamUrtiH pAvanAd manomandirAd aspRzyeva, kulaTeva, 'kulakalaGkinIva, duzcaritreva, rAkSasIva balAd niSkAsyate, apasAyaMte, nirAkriyate, tadeva zobhanaM pavitraM ca muhUrtam / cintAnirodhopAyAH - mAnavalokasaMhI cintA -pizAcIM samutpAdayitrA bhagavatA jagatkRtA kiM samutpAditam asyAH pizAcyA nirodhakaM saMhArakaM vA kimapi rasAyanam ? athavA kimeSA jIvanena samameva vinAzam upaiSyati ? bhAratIyaiH pAzcAttyaizca manISibhiH bhiSagvaraizca cintApratIkAropAyAzcintitAH pracAritAzca / svAvalambanam-svAvalambanaM tAvadAdyaM cintA-pratIkAra-kSamaM rasAyanam / Azrite svAvalambane, gRhIte'dhyavasAye, avalambite cAtmabale, samupAsite ca sadudyoge viSamA'pi cintA nIhArarAjivi, AkAzakusumamiva, indrajAlamiva, dhUmAvaraNamiva, tuSArakaNamiva pazyata evApakSIyate, vinazyati ca / dhairyAzrayaNam - dhairyAvaSTambhastAvad dvitIyaM rasAyanam / dhairyaM hi nirdhanAnAM dhanam, nirbalAnAM balam, azaktAnAM zaktiH, cintAkulAnAM ca cintA-haraNakSamaM tantram / dhairyAzrayaNaM sukha-zAnti - sadanam, dhairyAvasAdazca vipadAM nidAnam / sAMyAtriko'gAdha-jalanidhi-madhyago'pi svapotabhaGge na dhairyaM jahAti, api tu dhairyam AsthAya samudraM titIrSati / evaM dhairyasyAzrayeNa naro mahAvipado vibhucyate / satata kArya - vyApRtitvam -- kAryavyApRtistRtIyaM rasAyanam / kAryAva - saktamanasaH kAryAntarApekSAbhAvAt svAbhISTa - karmaNyeva ceto vyApriyate / 'yugapat jJAnAnutpattirmanaso liGgam' / manazcaikasmin samaye kAryadvayaM sAdhayitum akSamam / kAryAntare niyojitaM manaH cintAyAzcintane'samartham / saMti tu ghore vipatpAte kiMcit svAbhISTaM kAryam, upaniSadAdi-granthAnAm adhyayanam, gItAyAH

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cintAviSaghnaM rasAyanam 307 paThanaM vA, manojJaM zilpam, hRdyaM vyavasAyAntaraM vA''zrayaNIyam, yena cintArtha samayAbhAvaH saMpadyeta / cintAyA heyatvajJAnam-cintAyA heyatvAvabodhasturIyaM rasAyanam / samyag avagate cintAyA duHkhAvasAyitve, tadavarodha eva zreyAn / cintayA na kiMcit sAdhyate / cintA na sukha-sAdhayitrI, na ca duHkhanivArayitrI iti cetasi kRtvA na cintAyai sthAnalezo'pi deyH| sukumArAvayavAnAM kusuma-sadRzakomala-hRdayAnAM kAminInAM kRte kasyAzcit citrapaTAbhinetryA vacanaM madhurataraM pratibhAti yad-cintA mama lAvaNyApahI, rUpAjIvikA cAham, svavRttivirodhisvAt, rUpApakarSakatvAt, lAvaNya-saMhArakatvAt, avasAdamayatvAcca, nAhaM kSaNamAtramapi rUpApahAriNI samAzraye cintAm / rUpa-samRddhayai, saundarya-vRddhaya, svAsthya-samunnatyai, tejaHsamudayAya, jJAnodayAya ca cintA svamanomandirAd aspRzyevApasAraNIyA mhilaabhinivaishc| anyAni rasAyanAni-anyAnyapi kAnicid rasAyanAni cintAviSaghnAni anubhUtaprAyANi nirdiSTAni mnovijnyaanvidbhirvipshcidbhiH| tad yathA --'gataM na zocAmi, kRtaM na manye' / atItasya cintA priheyaa| vartamAnaM ca kArya suvicAryAvahitena cetasA'nuSTheyam / 'karmaphalasyAnivAryatvam'-prAkkRtakarmaNAM yathAkAlaM vipAko jAyate, sukhAtmakaM duHkhAtmakaM ca / sukhAtmikA duHkhAtmikA vA syAt pariNatiH, ubhayamapi sAhlAdaM sotsAhaM ca svIkAryam / 'cintAyA bauddhikaM samAdhAnam'--tadyathA, kazcintAyA viSayaH ? kimasya nidAnam ? ko'sya pratIkAropAyaH ? sati tu saMbhave tatpratIkAropAye, tadartham adhyavasAya AstheyaH / asaMbhave ca tatpratIkAropAye dhairyam avalambya sotsAha duHkhamapi soDhavyam, ityevaM parIkSitA cintA sadya evopazAmyati / 'kAryAtirekavyApRtirapi anarthAnAM mUlam' ityavagatya ekasmin samaye ekasyaiva kAryasyAnuSThAnaM hitakaram / kAryAtireko mativibhramasya duHkhAvAptezca kAraNam iti sarvadA'vadheyam / anye pratIkAropAyAH--samayasya sadupayogo'pi cintAnivArakaM sAdhanam asti / samayaH samyag upayuktazcet, ahorAtraM sAdhu vibhAjitaM cet, nikhilakAryakalApAthaM samayanirdhAraNaM syAccet, tahi na cintAvasara upapadyate / AtmavizvAsaH, dRDhanizcayaH, icchAzakteH prAbalyam, pavitravicArANAm AzrayaNam, sadbhAvAvirbhAvaH, hRdaya-daurbalyasya parityAgazca cintAharaNAni rasAyanAni / mahAtmanAM krAntikAriNAM ca caritAnAM paThanaM zravaNaM ca viSaye'smin mahadupakAri / cintAvAraNArthaM caivaM manasi cintanIyaM dhyeyaM ca cinte'pehi mahApApe ! vyAdhimUle ! manovyathe ! * gacchAraNyaM mahAzailaM muJca mAM zucimAnasam // (kapilasya ) .

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56. vidyAdhanaM sarvadhanapradhAnam ( 1. vidvAn sarvatra pUjyate; 2. Rte jJAnAnna muktiH; 3. vidyAvihInaH pazuH; 4. vidyA paraM daivatam; 5. kiM kiM na sAdhayati kalpalateva vidyA; 6. nahi jJAnena sadRzaM pavitramiha vidyate; 7. yasya nAsti svayaM prajJA zAstraM tasya karoti kim; 8. sA vidyA yA vimuktye|) kA nAma vidyA ?-jJAnArthakAd viddhAtovidyAzabda: sidhyati / kasyacidapi vastuno viSayasya vA samyag jJAnaM vidyetyabhidhIyate / veda-zAstra-vijJAnAdInAM sAdhvanuzIlanaM tattvArthajJAnaM ca vidyeti svIkriyate / upaniSadAm anusAraM dve vidya-parA aparA ca / tatra aparA--vedA vedAGgAni ca / parA-yayA tad akSaram adhigmyte| dve vidye veditavye........."parA caivAparA ca / tatrAparA Rgvedo yajurvedaH sAmavedo'tharvavedaH zikSA kalpo vyAkaraNaM niruktaM chando jyotissmiti| atha parA yayA tadakSaram adhigamyate / muNDakopa0 1-1-4, 5 yayA laukikaM jJAnaM jAyate, sA aparA vidyaa| yayA ca akSara-brahmaviSayakaM jJAnaM jAyate, sA parA vidyaa| dve api vidyAzabdavAcye, jJAtavye ca vrtete| vidyAdhanaM sarvadhanapradhAnam--vidyaiva tad dhanam, yayA sarvo'pi mAnavIyo manoratho'bhilASo vA pUryate / vidyayaiva kartavyAkartavyajJAnam, dharmAdharma-parijJAnam, puNyApuNyavivekaH lAbhAlAbhAvabodhazca / vidyayaiva lakSyanirdhAraNam, laukikaviSayAvAptiH, bhautika-sukha-sAdhanam, bhUmi-gRha-vibhavAdInAm avAptizca / aparaM caitasya vaiziSTyaM yadetad dhanaM na bhrAtRbhAjyam, na nRpahAryam, na ca bhArakAri vartate / yathA yathA dIyate vibhajyate ca tathA tathaiva vRddhim aznute / uktaM ca na corahArya na ca rAjahArya na bhrAtRbhAjyaM na ca bhaarkaari| vyaye kRte vardhata eva nityaM vidyAdhanaM sarvadhanapradhAnam // subhA0 pR0 30 vasumatIpatinA na sarasvatI balavatA ripuNApi na niiyte| samavibhAgaharairna vibhajyate vibudhabodhabudhairapi sevyate // subhA0 pR0 30 vidyAvihInaH pazuH-loke vidyaiva tad jyotiH yad mAnave jJAnajyotijvalayati, avidyAndhatamasaM vyapohati, durguNagaNaM vArayati, sadguNatatiM saMcArayati, kIti prathayati, gauravaM vikAsayati, yazo vitanoti, bhUbhRtsu ca Adaram Avahati / ata evocyate

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vidyAdhanaM sarvadhanapradhAnam 309 vidyA nAma narasya rUpamadhikaM pracchannaguptaM dhanaM vidyA bhogakarI yazaHsukhakarI vidyA gurUNAM guruH| vidyA bandhujano videzagamane vidyA parA devatA vidyA rAjasu pUjyate nahi dhanaM vidyAvihInaH pshuH|| bhartR0 nIti0 20 kiM kiM na sAdhayati kalpalateva vidyA--vidyA mAnavasya kiM kiM na sAdhayati ? api tu kalpalateva sarvasukhasAdhikA, sarvaguNapradA, sarvAbhISTasaMdhAtrI ca / saiSA mAtRvat saMrakSikA, pitRvat satpathapradarzikA, kAntAvat sukhadA manoraJjikA ca, kIrtipradA, vaibhavadAyinI, durguNagaNanAzena manasaH pAvayitrI ca / sarvamanorathapUraNAt seyaM kalpalatayA upmiiyte| mAteva rakSati piteva hite niyuGkte, kAnteva cAbhiramayatyapanIya khedam / lakSmI tanoti vitanoti ca dikSu kIti, ki ki na sAdhayati kalpalateva vidyaa|| bhojaprabandha 5 zriyaH pradugdhe vipado ruNaddhi, yazAMsi sUte malinaM prmaasstti| saMskArazaucena paraM punIte, zuddhA hi buddhiH kila kaamdhenuH|| viddhazAlabhaMjikA 1-8 sA vidyA yA vimuktaye-kiM nAma vidyAyA lakSyamiti vivicyate cet tarhi vidyAyAH paramaM lakSyaM vidyate bhautika sukhasAdhanena samameva pApAvalepanirasana-puraHsaraM mukteH saMsAdhanam / yadi na syAd vidyA mukteH sAdhanaM tarhi tadavAptirapi na zreyase na ca sukhAya syAt / yayA mokSAdhigamaH saiva vidyA / upaniSatsu saiva parA vidyeti prakoya'te / ataeva bhUyo bhUyo nidizyate-'sA vidyA yA vimuktaye' / vidyaiva jJAnAvApti-sAdhanam / jJAnenaiva brahmapathasya sAdhu darzanAt tadabhimukhatvam, tena ca mokSAdhigamaH / etadevAbhipretya procyate--'Rte jJAnAnna muktiH' / gItAyAmapi bhagavatA kRSNenaitadeva samarthyate yad yathA samiddho vahniH samidho bhasmasAd vidhatte, tathaiva jJAnAgniH sarvakarmANi vinAzayati bhasmAvazeSaM ca vidhatte / uktaM ca yathaidhAMsi samiddho'gnirbhasmasAt kurute'rjun| jJAnAgniH sarvakarmANi bhasmasAt kurute tathA // gItA 4-37

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310 saMskRtanibandhazatakam vidyayaiva tattvajJAnAdhigamAd brahmarUpasya amRtatvasya ca sAkSAtkAreNa amRtatvAvAptibrahmajJAnam amaratvaM ca / etadevAbhipretya samarthyate yat __ vidyayA'mRtamaznute / vidyayA vindate'mRtam / nahi jJAnena sadRzaM pavitramiha vidyate-sarvadoSavinAzanAd jJAnAgnisaMdIpanAd brahmatattvasAdhanAt pAvanatvasaMcArAd jJAnameva mAnavIyaM kalevaraM devatvaM prApayati / nahi loke jJAnAt prazasyatamaM pAvanatamam utkRSTaM vA kiMcit / pAvanatva-guNaprakarSAdeva jJAnasya mahimAnam udIrayatA'bhidhIyate zrIkRSNena nahi jJAnena sadRzaM pavitramiha vidyate / gItA 4-38 / pAvanatva-guNotkarSAdeva vidyA devavat pUjyate Adriyate ca / sA devavat panthAnaM prathayati, satiM sArayati, mArga mArgayate, dhiyaM dyotayati, medhAM samedhayati, prajJAM prajvAlayati, buddhi prabodhayati, cetazcetayate, svAntaM saMskurute, vaibhavam AvirbhAvayati ca / ata eveyam-paraM daivatam, parA devatA vA'bhidhIyate / vidyA paraM daivatam / vidyA parA devtaa| yasya nAsti svayaM prajJA zAstraM tasya karoti kim-zAstraM jJAnodayasAdhanam / zAstraM buddhi vikAsayati, medhAM prarocayati, dhiyaM samindhe, prajJAM prajvalayati ca / yadi zAstrAdhyetari na syAd buddharutkarSaH prajJAvirbhAvazca, tarhi zAstreNa tatra kiM zakyaM kartam / tatrAnagnAviva zuSkaidhaHpAtanameva saMpatsyate / ato vidyayA samameva buddharapi samanvayo'nivAryaH / buddhimantareNa vidyA mauDhayamevAviSkaroti / buddhipUrvaiva vidyA sarva viSayasAragrAhikA samastasukhasaMnidhAtrI ca / ata evocyate-'vidyAyA buddhiruttmaa'| prajJAhIno'ndha ivAste / zAstraM tasya na kiMcid upakatu prabhavati / ataevocyate-yasya nAsti0 / maharSiNA pataJjalinApi mahAbhASye etadeva samarthyate / yadadhItamavijJAtaM nigadenaiva zabdyate / anagnAviva zuSkaidho na tajjvalati kahicit // mahA0 A0 1 .

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96. satsaMgatiH kathaya kiM na karoti puMsAm ( 1. satAM sadbhiH saMga H kathamapi hi puNyena bhavati; 2. saMsargajA doSaguNA bhavanti; 3. satAM saMgo hi bheSajam; 4. satAM hi saMgaH sakalaM prasUyate; 5. saMgaH satAM kimu na maGgalamAtanoti / ) satsaMgatiH - satAM sajjanAnAM saMgatiH satsaMgatirityabhidhIyate / loke satsaMgatestathAvidhaM mahattvaM yathA nirguNo'pi saguNaH, krUro'pi sahRdayaH, adharmAtmApi dharmAtmA, pApAvRtacetA api satkarmaniSThaH, ajJAnAvRtalocano'pi jJAnaprabhApradIptaH, sakalaGko'pi niSkalaGkaH saMjAyate / kiyanto na durAcArAH pApiSThA adharmapravaNAzca satAM saMgatimavApya durguNagaNa-parihINAH sAdhvAcArabhUSitAntaH karaNAH pUtAtmAnazca samavartiSata / saMgatireva mAnavaM tadrUpeNa vipariNamayati / satAM saMgaH satataM guNAyaiva, durjanasaMgatizcAjasraM doSAyaiva / yasya yAdRzaiH saMgatiH, tasya tAdRzyeva pariNatiH / ataevocyate saMsargajA doSaguNA bhavanti / ------ hoyate hi matistAta honaiH saha samAgamAt / samaizca samatAmeti viziSTaizva viziSTatAm // hitopa0 pra0 42 satsaMgate mahattvam - satsaMgatyaiva nIco'pi guNagauravaM dhate / padmAtrasthitaM salilaM muktAphalAbhAM dhatte / viSNuhastagataH zaGkhastribhuvane mahimAnam AsAdayati / malayAcala - surabhiNA tatrasthaM kASThajAtamapi candanAyate / tadvat sajjanasaMgatyA durjano'pi sajjanAyate / uktaM ca 1 mahAjanasya saMsargaH kasya nonnatikArakaH / padmapatrasthitaM vAridhatte muktAphalazriyam // // paMcataMtra 3-59 sajjana saMgatiryathA zAnti tanute, na tathA sudhAMzurapi / na kevalaM sajjanAnAM saMgatireva, api tu teSAM darzanenaiva duritAtyayaH pApavinAzanaM ca / sAdhavastIrthabhUtAH / tIrthA dUrasthAH, santazcAvidUrasthAH / santaH sadyaH phalapradAH / ataH satAM darzanamapi sakalamiSTaM janayati / sAdhUnAM darzanaM puNyaM tIrthabhUtA hi sAdhavaH / kAlena phalate tIrthaM sadyaH sAdhusamAgamaH // zukra0 68 - 1 candanaM candrazca dvayamapi zaityaM janayataH / paraM dvayamapyatizayya sAdhusaMgatirapUrvameva zaityaM saukhyaM zAnti cAvirbhAvayati / candanaM zItalaM loke candanAdapi candramAH / candracandanayormadhye zItalA sAdhusaMgatiH // su0 20 pR0 86

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312 saMskRtanibandhazatakam ___ satsaMgatemahattvaM pratipAdyate yat kITo'pi puSpasaMsargamavApya satAM zira:su nidhIyate / sadbhiH pratiSThApitaH pASANo'pi devatvenAbhivandyate / loke'valokyate yat kAco'pi kAJcana-saMsargamupalabhya mArakatI dyuti dhatte / udayagireH sarvamapi dravyajAtaM bhAnusaMnikarSamAsAdya suSamAM dadhAti / evameva satAM sAMnidhyam upalabhya hInavarNo'pi kAnti dhatte, avidyAndhatamasapihitalocano'pi vidyAprabhAbhAsuratAm Azrayate, duritavyavAya-puraHsaraM sadguNa-sudhAdharatvaM pratipadyate / uktaM ca kAcaH kAJcanasaMsargAd dhatte mArakatI dyutim / tathA satsaMnidhAnena mUryo yAti pravINatAm // hito0 pra0 41 kITo'pi sumanaHsaMgAd Arohati satAM shirH| azmApi yAti devatvaM mahaddhiH supratiSThitaH // hito0 pra0 45 satsaMgatarupayogitvam-satsaMgatirevAsAdhyamapi sAdhyaM sAdhayati / satsaMgatyaiva kSudrA api parvatApagA mahAnado-saMparkamupetya jalanidhiM vindanti / ucyate ca mAghena bRhatsahAyaH kAryAntaM kSodIyAnapi gacchati / saMbhUyAmbhodhimabhyeti mahAnadyA ngaapgaa|| zizu0 2-100 satAM saMgaH sarvapApavinAzanAd durita-vyavacchedAcca bheSajamiva pApAni zamayati, nairogyapravartanena cetaH prasAdayati, sadbhAvAvirbhAvena mAnasaM vimalIkaroti, puNyatatisaMcAreNa kalpavRkSa iva maGgalarAziM prathayati, durguNAn damayate, sadguNAn samedhayati ca / ataevocyate saMgaH satAM kimu na maGgalamAtanoti / saMgasya rAgAtmakatvAd bandhanahetutvaM pratipAdyate / ataeva sarvavidhaH saMgo heyatvena parigaNyate / sudhIbhiranumodyate yat saMgaH sarvathA heyaH / paraM yadi hAtuM na zakyate tahi sajjanAnAmeva saMgatirAzrayaNIyA / ataevocyate saMgaH sarvAtmanA tyAjyaH sa cet tyaktaM na zakyate / sa saddhiH saha kartavyaH satAM saGgo hi bheSajam // hito04-90 / satsaMgatimAzritya khalA api sAdhutvaM bhajante, sadoSA api nirdoSatAm Apadyante, mUDhA api guNitvaM prapadyante, bAlizA api vidyArjanapravaNAH saMlakSyante / nahi durjanasaMgaH satsu doSAn AviSkaroti, teSAM sadguNAMzca tirodhApayati / prasUnagandhaM mad dhArayati, na tu mRdgandhaM kusumAni pratipadyante / uktaM ca

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satsaMgatiH kathaya kiM na karoti puMsAm 313 satsaGgAd bhavati hi sAdhutA khalAnAM * sAdhUnAM nahi khalasaMgamAt khalatvam / AmodaM kusumabhavaM mRdeva dhatte mRdgandhaM nahi kusumAni dhArayanti // cANakyazataka 12-7 satsaMgatiH kathaya kiM na karoti puMsAm-nahi satsaMgatermahattvaM varNayituM zakyam / satsaMgatiH sakalamapi duHsAdhyaM sAdhyaM vidadhAti / nikhilamabhISTaM pUrayati, bhAvonnatim AdadhAti, mauDhyaM nirAkaroti, vAci satyaM siJcati, mAnonnatiM kurute, pApAnyapahanti, manaH pariSkaroti, yazaH sUte / ki nAsti yanna satsaMgatyA sAdhyam / satyaM satsaMgatiH kAmadudhaiva / uktaM ca jADyaM dhiyo harati siJcati vAci satyaM mAnonnati dizati pApamapAkaroti / cetaH prasAdayati dikSa tanoti kIti satsaMgatiH kathaya kiM na karoti puMsAm // nItizataka 23 upasaMhAraH-aitihye'pyavalokyate yat satsaMgatimAzritya nirguNA guNinaH, adhArmikA dhArmikAH, azikSitAH zikSitAH, durAcArAzca sadAcArA abhUvan / zrIrAmacandra-saMparkam avApya vibhISaNo hanumAn sugrIvazca mahimAnaM lebhire, rAmakRSNaparamahaMsa-saMgatimAsAdya svAmi-vivekAnandaH, svAmivirajAnandasaMgatim avApya maharSirdayAnandazca guNagauravaM dadhuH / / mahatA puNyenaiva satAM sNgo'vaapyte| satAM saMgo hi bhejaSavat sarvadoSanivArakaH / saMtAM saMgo nikhilam abhISTaM sAdhayati / satAM saMgaH sarvavidhaM saubhAgyaM maGgalaM kSemaM cAvahati / satAM saMgaH kiM na cikIrSitam IpsitaM ca sAdhayati / ata evocyate 'satAM hi saMgaH sakalaM prasUyate' /

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97. sarve guNAH kAJcanamAzrayante ( 1. hiraNyamevArjaya niSphalA guNAH; 2. dhanAnyarjayadhvaM dhanAnyarjayadhvam / ) ki dhanena sAdhyam ?-loke sarvo loka: sukhaM lipsate, zAntim Ipsati ca / sukhaM zAntizca kathamiva zakyaM samAsAdayitum ? sukhasya mUlam arthaH / yatra yatra dhanavRddhirarthavaibhavaM ca tatraiva sukha-sAmrAjyamapi vyApnoti / 'sukhArthAH sarvabhUtAnAM matAH sarvAH pravRttayaH' / jIvane puruSArthacatuSTayamapi dhanenaiva pravartate / dhanaM prANinAM jIvanam, sarvasvam, sarvArthasAdhakaM ca / dhanAd Rte na dharmaH, na kAmaH, na ca mokSazca prApyate / loke dazaM darza dhanasya mAhAtmyaM bAlo vA, vRddho vA, naro vA, nArI vA, yatirvA, napatirvA, sarve'pi dhanAvAptikAmAH saMlakSyante / dhanaM hi jijIviSormartyasyApare prANAH / yAvajjIvaM na dhanAzA mAnavaM parijihIrSati, na vijahAti ca / ataevocyate-- dhanAzA jIvitAzA ca gurU prANabhRtAM sadA / hito0 1-113 balaM zaktiH samRddhirguNArjanaM samAdaro jJAnavijJAnAvAptizca sarvamapi vittenaiva sidhyati / rAjJAmapi prabhutvasya mUlaM dhanamevAvagantavyam / dhanena balavAMlloke dhanAd bhavati pnndditH| hito0 1-23 dhanavAn balavAMlloke sarvaH sarvatra srvdaa| prabhutvaM dhanamUlaM hi rAjJAmapyupajAyate // hito0 1-122 nAsti yatra dhanaM vaibhavaM vA, tatra sarve'pi manorathAH, sarvA api yojanAH, sarvavidhApi mahattvAkAMkSA kSayaM yAnti, yathA grISme svalpajalA nadyaH / arthena tu vihonasya puruSasyAlpamedhasaH / kriyAH sarvA vinazyanti grISme kusarito yathA // hito0 1-124 dhanAnyarjayadhvam-vedeSvapi dhanopArjanasya dhanasvAmitvasya cAdezo labhyate-- vayaM syAma patayo ryiinnaam| Rg0 10-121-10, yaju0 10-20, atharva0 7-79-4 dhanenaiva mahattvAkAGkSA pUryate, abhIpsitam Apyate, manoratho labhyate / dhanameva sarvavidhAM manaHkAmanAM pUrayati / yatra dhanAbhAvastatra sarvAsAmapi vidyAnAm, sarveSAmapi guNAnAM ca niSphalatvaM darIdRzyate / nahi kSudhAtureNa vyAkaraNaM bhujyate, pipAsAkulena vA kAvyarasa AsvAdyate, na ca chandobhiH kuloddhAraH saMbhAvyate, ato dhanArjane mano deyam /

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sarve guNAH kAJcanamAzrayante bubhukSitavyAkaraNaM na bhujyate, pipAsitaiH kAvyaraso na piiyte| . na chandasA kenaciduddhRtaM kulaM, hiraNyamevArjaya niSphalA gunnaaH|| * draviNameva caturvargasAdhanam / draviNenaiva yajJAdikAH kriyAH, dakSiNAdAnAdirUpo dharmazca pravartante / kAmo bhautikaviSayAvAptizca vittamantareNa gaganakusumamivAvagantavyam / mokSArthaM jIvananirvAhArthaM ca vittasya bhUyasyAvazyakatA / loke sarvAH kriyA arthamUlA eva / dhanaireva kulInatvam, vipadvighAtaH, lokapriyatvam, sAhAyyAvAptizca / ataevocyate dhaniSkulInAH kulInA bhavanti, dhanarApadaM mAnavA nistaranti / dhanebhyaH paro bAndhavo nAsti loke, dhanAnyarjayadhvaM dhanAnyarjayadhvam // nItisAra0 3 hiraNyamevArjaya0-loke vilokyate yad hiraNyameva sarvAsAM vidyAnAM lakSyam / dhanameva sarvaM manorathaM pUrayati / dhanenaiva laukiko'bhyudayaH, lokapriyatvam, netRtvam, dhanADhayatvam, nirvAcaneSu vijayAvAptiH, mantritvAdipadalAbhazca saMjAyate / uktaM ca yasyAstisya mitrANi, yasyAstasya bAndhavAH / yasyArthAH sa pumAlaloke, yasyArthAH sa ca pnndditH|| paMca0 1-3 dhanasaMpannasyaiva sarve guNA yAcakaiH stUyante / pratipalaM pratipadaM tadguNAn gAyantaH pracuraM puraskAraM stutipAThakA vindanti / sa eva kulInaH, paNDitaH, guNavAn, surUpazceti stutipaTubhirajasraM prazasyate / uktaM ca yasyAsti vittaM sa naraH kulInaH, sa paNDitaH sa zrutavAn gunnjnyH| sa eva vaktA sa ca darzanIyaH, sarve gaNAH kAJcanamAzrayante // nIti0 41 vittasyaivaitad mAhAtmyaM yad dhaninaH sarvamapi doSajAtaM pracchAdyate / tasya durguNagaNamapi sadguNatvena prastUyate / tasya pApAcaraNAnyapi puNyatvenopasthApyante / tasya naighRNyaM kAruNyarUpeNa pratipAdyate / tasya gahitatvaM vandyatvena kIya'te / na kevalametadeva, tasya vidyAnurAgitvaM kalApriyatvam udAratvaM dAtRtvaM zilpajJatvaM dhairya sthairya ca zataguNaM sahasraguNaM vA vidhAyodgIryate prazasyate'bhinandyate ca yAcakaiH / ata ucyate pUjyate yadapUjyo'pi yadagamyo'pi gamyate / vandyate yadavandyo'pi sa prabhAvo dhanasya ca // paMca0 1-7 na sA vidyA na tad dAnaM na tacchilpaM na sA klaa| na tat sthairya hi dhaninAM yAcakaryanna gIyate // paMca01-4

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316 saMskRtanibandhazatakam nirdhanatA sarvApadAmAspadam-nirdhanatvaM sarvAsAmeva vipadAM nidhAnam / nahi dhanahIna AtmatrANe kalatratrANe putratrANe kulaparirakSaNe vA prabhavati / sa samAje kSIrAd utkSiptA niSkAsitA vA makSikeva bahiSkriyate / na tasya kule samAje rASTre ca pratiSThA samAdaro vA / dhanAbhAvenaiva hrImattvaM sattvabhraMzaH paribhavo nirvedaH zoko buddhinAzazcetyAdayo doSAH prAdurbhavanti / satataM cintAkula* tvam, ajasram avamAnaH, suhRdAM ghRNAdRSTiH, jJAtInAM vivAdAzrayaNam, anavaratazokAgnipradAhazceti nirdhanatAjanya-doSAH / sAdhUcyate dAridrayAd hriyameti hrIparigataH prabhrazyate tejaso nistejAH paribhUyate pribhvaannirvedmaapdyte| niviNNaH zucameti zokapihito buddhayA parityajyate nirbuddhiH kSayametyaho nidhanatA sarvApadAmAspadam // mRccha0 1-14 nivAsazcintAyAH paraparibhavo vairamaparaM jugupsA mitrANAM svajana-janavidveSakaraNam / vanaM gantaM buddhirbhavati ca kalatrAta paribhavo hRdisthaH zokAgnirna ca dahati santApayati ca // mRccha0 1-15 dhanAbhAvastathA mAnavaM pIDayati yathA nArAtirapi / na kazcidenaM bhASate, na sa kvacidAdriyate, samAje ca sa sarvathA tiraskriyate, bahiSkriyate ca / etasmAd dhanArjanaM jIvanasya paramaM kartavyam / uktaM ca saMgaM naiva hi kazcidasya kurute saMbhASate nAdarAta saMprApto gRhamutsaveSu dhaninAM sAvajJamAlokyate / dUrAdeva mahAjanasya viharatyalpacchado lajjayA manye nirdhanatA prakAmamaparaM SaSThaM mahApAtakam // mRccha0 1-37 .

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98. tyAjyaM na dhairyaM vidhure'pi kAle dheryasyAvazyakatA - sukhaduHkhAtmakaM jagat / 'cakravat parivartante duHkhAni ca sukhAni ca' / sukhe harSAnubhUtiH, duHkhodaye glAnirviSAdazca sameSAmeva mAnavAnAM sAmAnyena saMlakSyate / paraM vipadi dhairyAvasAdo hInavRttitvaM viSAdaH - klaibyaM kiMkartavyatAvimUDhatvaM vA na dhIrocitam / ko na jAnAti jagadidaM duHkhAdhivyAdhiparItam, santApAnalasaMtaptam, duHkhAbdhipariveSTitam, vyasanaughasaMkulaM ca / tatra nAtmAvasAdaH zreyaskaraH / vipadi dhairyAzrayeNaiva kAryaM sidhyati, jyotirudeti, prakAzaH saMcarati, mohAndhatamasaM ca vyapaiti / nahi zrIrAmacandro mahatIM dazAnanacamUM prekSya dhairyaM tatyAja / nahi mahAtmA gAMdhiH AMglazAsakabalam avalokya dhairyaM jahau / nahi maharSi dayAnandaH paropatApena svacikIrSitam ahAsIt / sarvairevaitairmAnadhanaiH dhairyamavaSTabhya vijayazrIH samAsAditA / samudre potabhaGge sati nAviko bAhubhyAmeva sAgaraM titIrSati / vIrasAvarakarastu satyameva jaladhim atarat / sarvametad dhairyAzrayaNasyaiva vaibhavam / 1 tyAjyaM na dhairyaM vidhure'pi kAle, dhairyAt kadAcid gatimApnuyAt saH / yA samudre'pi hi potabhaGge sAMyAtriko vAJchati tartumeva // paJca0 2 216dhairyasya mahattvam - dhIraireva jagadidaM jitam / tatrAdhamA janA vipatpAtAkalanAt kAryameva nArabhante, madhyamAH prArabdhamapi kAryaM vighnaughapAtasaMtrastA madhyemAgaM vijahati kAryam, dhIrAstu vighnazatasantaptA api na lakSya parijahati / prArabhyate na khalu vighnabhayena nIcaiH prArabhya vighnavihatA viramanti madhyAH / vighnaH sahastra guNiterapi hanyamAnAH prArabdhamuttamajanA na parityajanti // ataeva dharmalakSaNe 'dhRtiH kSamA damo'steyam 0 ' ( manu0 6- 92 ) - dhRternAma sarvaprathamaM gaNyate / na yatra dhRtirna tatra dharmAvasthAnamapi / mahAtmano lakSaNe'pi vipadi dhairyAzrayaNaM sarvaprathamo guNa ucyate / vipadi dhairyamathAbhyudaye kSamA, sadasi vAkpaTutA yudhi vikramaH / yazasi cAbhirucirvyasanaM zrutau prakRtisiddhamidaM hi mahAtmanAm // hitopa0 1-31 dhairyAvaSTambhenaiva vipatpayodhiruttIryate, AtmAva sAdo'varodhyate, santApatatizca nirodhyate / dhairyeNaiva sAhasaM zrIvivekazca samupatiSThante / samupasthitAyAM tu vipattI dhairyamAzritya tatpratIkAropAyazcintanIyaH / uktaM ca- 'AgataM tu bhayaM vIkSya naraH kuryAd yathocitam' / I

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318 saMskRtanibandhazatakam dhairyasyAzrayaNena lAbhAH-pratidinaM saMlakSyate yad bhAnustAmra evodeti, tAmra eva cAstameti, tathaiva dhIrA vIrAzca saMpattau vipattau ca samatvaM bhajante / uktaM ca saMpattau ca vipattau ca mhtaamekruuptaa| udaye savitA rakto raktazvAstamaye tathA // paMcatantra0 2-7 gItAyAmapi etadeva pratipAdyate yad harSazokayoH samatvabuddhireva sarvaduHkhavinAzikA / yo na hRSyati na ca dveSTi sa eva prabhupriyaH / yo na hRSyati na dveSTi na zocati na kAi kSati / zubhAzubhaparityAgI bhaktimAn yaH sa me priyaH // gItA 12-17 ataeva sampadi harSAbhAvo vipadi viSAdAbhAvo mahAtmanAM lakSaNaM gaNyate / mahAkavinA kAlidAsenApi etadeva samarthyate yad viSamAyAM paristhitI yo na muhyati, kiMkartavyavimUDhatAM ca na bhajate sa eva dhIraH / uktaM ca saMpadi yasya na harSo vipadi viSAdo raNe ca bhIrutvam / taM bhuvanatrayatilakaM janayati jananI sutaM viralam // hito0 1-32 vikArahetau sati vikriyante yeSAM na cetAMsi ta eva dhiiraaH| kumArasaMbhava dhairya hi mAnavasya naisargiko dhrmH| yatra dhairya na tatrAvasAdo viSAdo'dhIratvaM vaa| nAgnizikhA'dhaHkRtA'pi adhomukhatvaM bhajate / 'prasiddhamUrdhvajvalanaM havirbhujaH' ( zizu0 1-2) / uktaM ca. karthitasyApi hi dhairyavRtterna zakyate dhairyaguNaH pramASTam / adhomukhasyApi kRtasya vahnadhiH zikhA yAti kadAcideva // hito0 2-69 dhairya guNotkarSAya-loke dhorA eva vijayaM labhante, vasudhAM vijayante ca / dhIrA eva janA vizvasya sAmrAjyaM svIkurvate, dhIrA eva jagataH prkaashstmbhaaH| dhIraireva dhAryate dhritrii| dhIraireva rASTra zrI-vRddhiauravAvAptizca / nahi dhIrANAM kRte kiMcid asAdhyam / dhIrAstu asAdhyamapi sAdhyam, durlabhamapi sulabham, durjayamapi sujayam, duSkaramapi sukaraM vidadhati / dhIrANAM kRte jaladhiH kulyAyate, pAtAlaM sthalIyate, sumeruzca valmIkAyate / aGgaNavedI vasudhA kulyA jaladhiH sthalI ca pAtAlam / valmIkazca sumeruH kRtapratijJasya dhIrasya // subhASitAvali 2270 parezo'pi dhIrANAM dhairyadhvasaM vidhAtaM na kSamaH / kAmaM girayazcalantu, paraM dhIrANAM mano nizcalaM susthiraM ca / calanti girayaH kAmaM yugaantpvnaahtaaH| kRcche'pi na calatyeva dhIrANAM nizcalaM manaH // su0 ratna0, pR0 77 .

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99. na nizcitArthAd viramanti dhIrAH (1. nyAyyAt pathaH pravicalanti padaM na dhIrAH; 2. sAhase zrIrvasati; 3. manasvI kAryArthI gaNayati na duHkhaM na ca sukham / ) dhairya hi mahatAM dhanam--kiM nAma dhIratvenAbhilaSyate ? saMprApte viSame kAle, samupasthitAyAM kaThinaparisthitI, samAgate ca saMkaTe yo na muhyati, na vivekaM jahAti, na dhairyAvasAdaM bhajate, na kiMkartavyavimUDhatvam Azrayate, na ca kartavyapathAt pracyavate, sa dhIraH / asmin sukha-duHkhAtmake, harSazokasamavete, saMpadvipatparIte, tribhuvane dhIrA eva mAnavAnAM prakAzastambhAH, preSThAH pathipradarzakAH, kartavyodbodhakAzca / dhIraireva jagadidam unnIyate, udhriyate, pAlyate, saMvardhyate ca / dhIrA eva rASTrahitacintakAH, AtmotsargapravaNAH, mAnakadhanA:, balidAnabhAvanA-saMjuSTa-svAntAzca lakSyante / yadeva kArya te prArabhanterASTrahitam, svarASTrarakSA, vizvahitam, samAjasudhAraH, dezonnatirvA, tat parisamApyaiva te vizrAnti labhante / na nizcitArthAd viramanti dhIrAH--svapratijJApUrtaye, svalakSyAvAptaye, svoddezyasiddhayai ca te bhaya-saMtrAsa-vipatpAtAdi-vighnapArAvAram uttaranti, sveSTasiddhiM ca samAsAdayanti / sudhAprAptirAsId devAnAM lakSyam / te ratnalAbhena na tuSTAH, na viSamaviSeNa bhItim AptAH, amRtam avApyaiva te viremuH / ratnairmahAlai stutuSurna devA na bhejire bhImaviSeNa bhItim / . sudhAM vinA na prayavirAmaM na nizcitArthAda viramanti dhiiraaH|| bhartR0 nIti0 81 dhIrA na kAntA-kaTAkSa-zarAhatA bhavanti / na ca teSAM cetaHsu krodhAdayo doSAH pravizanti / lobho viSayAbhilASazca na tAn apaharati / tathAvidhA eva dhIrA lokatraye vijayino mahAmanasazca saMjAyante / kAntA-kaTAkSavizikhA na lunanti yasya cittaM na nirvahati kopkRshaanutaapH| karSanti bhUriviSayAzca na lobhapAzai rlokatrayaM jayati kRtsnamidaM sa dhiirH|| bhartR0 nIti0 106 dhIrANAM lakSyasiddhiparANAM dhairyadhvaMsaM vidhirapi na vidhAtuM prabhavati / te dhairyAzrayaNe giribhyo jalanidhezcApi garIyasaH / yAvajjIvaM teSAM dhairyadhvaMso na lakSyate, na ca saMbhAvyate / 'kArya vA sAdhayeyaM zarIraM vA pAtayeyam' iti teSAM pratijJAmantraH / uktaM ca

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320 saMskRtanibandhazatakam virama viramAyAsAdasmAd duradhyavasAyato vipadi mahatAM dhairyadhvaMsaM yadIkSitumIhase / ayi jaDa vidhe kalpApAyavyapeta-nijakramAH kulazikhariNaH kSudrA naite na vA jalarAzayaH // bhartR0 saM0 327 nyAyyAd pathaH pravicalanti padaM na dhIrAH - dhIrA vIrA manasvinazca yadeva pratijAnate, tadeva jIvanArpaNenApi saMpoSayanti pUrayanti ca / dantinAM dantA iva teSAM vacanAni pratijJAzca na pratinivartante / sAdhUktaM paNDitarAjena __jagannAthena-- viduSAM vadanAdvAcaH sahasA yAnti no bahiH / yAtAzcenna parAJcanti dviradAnAM radA iva // anyoktivi0 63 dAzarathI rAmaH svavacanaparipAlanArthaM vahnipravezaM samudranipAtaM viSapAna - mapi ca svIkartum AtmAnaM prAstIt / 'rAmo dvirnAbhibhASate' iti na kasya lokasya viditam / rAmaH kaikeyIm abhyadadhAt-- ahaM hi vacanAd rAjJaH pateyamapi pAvake // 18-28 bhakSayeyaM viSaM tIkSNaM majjeyamapi cArNave // 18-29 tad brUhi vacanaM devi ! rAjJo yadabhikAGkSitam / kariSye pratijAne ca rAmo dvirnAbhibhASate // rAmA0 ayo0 18-30 pArvatI zivaprAptimuddizya mahattapastepe / tasyA mAtA menApi tAM dRDhanizcayAd vArayituM nAzakat / svanizcayenaiva sA tripurAri prApa / ataeva kAlidAsenAbhidhIyate - ka IpsitArthasthiranizcayaM manaH, payazca nimnAbhimukhaM pratIpayet // kumAra0 5-5 dhIrAH stutinindAM parihRtya, lobhamoham avahatya, jIvanamRtyuM cAvamatya nyAyocitAmeva saraNimAzrayante / tatrabhavato rAmacandrasya, bhagavataH kRSNasya, mahAtmano buddhasya, maharSerdayAnandasya, mahAtmano gAndheH, subhASacandravasozca nAmAni sAdaram atrollekhituM zakyante yaiH prANArpaNenApi na nyAyocitA saraNiH samujjhitA, svIyA pratijJA ca pUritA / ata evocyate nindantu nItinipuNA yadi vA stuvantu lakSmIH samAvizatu gacchatu yA yatheSTam / adyava vA maraNamastu yugAntare vA nyAyyAt pathaH pravicalanti padaM na dhIrAH // bhartR0 nIti0 84

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na nizcitArthAd viramanti dhIrAH 321 manasvI kAryArthI gaNayati na duHkhaM na ca sukham -- sukhaM vA syAd duHkhaM vA, lAbho'lAbho vA, harSaH zoko vA, manasvinaH sveSTakarmapathAnna viramanti / teSAM kRte prANaparityAgaH sukaro na ca pratijJAbhaGgaH, zUlAvArohaNaM harSapradaM na ca lkssysyaasiddhiH| ko na jAnAti bhAratIyAnAM krAntidhaureyANAM subhASacandravasubhagatasiMha candrazekhara AjAda prabhRtInAM gauravAdhAyakam adRSTapUrvam adbhutaM ca sAhasikaM karma / teSAM tyAgena tapobalena ca bhAratasya svAtantrya - prAptiH kasya na mudam Avahati / ataevocyate - 'sAhase zrIvaMsati' / tAdRzA eva santaH sukhamathaM kIrti cAnabhilaSya svapratijJAmanusaranto duSkaraM karmArabhante, tatra sAphalyaM cAznuvate / teSAM kRte samagrA'pi vasumatI prAGgaNameva, sumerurvalmIkasaMkAzaH, sAgaro'pi kulyAyate, pAtAlaM ca sthalAyate / nahi teSAM kRte kiMcid duSkaram asAdhyaM vA / arthaH sukhaM kItirapIha mA bhUd anartha evAstu tathApi dhorAH / nijapratijJAmanurudhyamAnA mahodyamAH karma samArabhante // zArGga 0 pa0 5 aGgaNavedI vasudhA kulyA jaladhiH sthalI ca pAtAlam / valmIkazca sumeruH kRtapratijJasya dhIrasya // subhA0 ratna0 pR0 77 yathA pAvakasyordhvajvalanaM nahi kenApi vArayituM zakyaM tathaiva dRDhanizcayasya dhIrasyApi nizcayo na dhvasyate, nAvasIyate / kadarthitasyApi hi dhairyavRtterna zakyate dhairyaguNaH pramArTum / adhomukhasyApi kRtasya vahnernAdhaH zikhA yAti kadAcideva / / nIti0 105 manasvinAM dRDhanizcayaM sarvasvatyAgaM sarvavidhaduHkhasahiSNutvaM pratijJApUrti - pravaNatvaM ca smAraM smAraM sUktaM bhartRhariNAM 21 kvacit pRthvIzayyaH kvacidapi ca paryaGkazayanaH kvacicchAkAhAraH kvacidapi ca zAlyodanaruciH / kvacit kanthAdhArI kvacidapi ca divyAmbaradharo manasvI kAryArthI gaNayati na duHkhaM na ca sukham //

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100. purANamityeva na sAdhu sarvam (kSaNe kSaNe yannavatAmupaiti tadeva rUpaM rmnniitaayaaH|) purAtanasya prayojanam-loke'smin nirIkSyate yad dvividhA pravRttirmAnavAnAm / kecana prAcInapaddhatipriyA apare ca nUtanapaddhatipriyAH / samAjo vA, rASTraM vA, kAvyaM vA, darzanaM vA, sAhityaM vA, kalAkauzalaM vA, rItirvA, nItirvA, veSo vA, bhUSA vA, rucirvA, gatirvA, sarvatrApi vRttivaiSamyaM prekSyate, vicArabhedo'valokyate, pravRttivaividhyaM ca nirIkSyate / prAcInaparamparAvAdinaH sarveSvapi viSayeSu purAtanameva prazaMsanti, navInaM cAvamanyante / navyAstu navyAmeva saraNi sAdhIyasI manvate / etAdRzAyAM vipratipattau kA nu saraNiH zreyasI iti vipazcitAM vivecanam arhati / vicAradRzA vivicyate cet tarhi nizcapracametat zakyaM vaktuM yat purAtanaM vA nUtanaM vA nokaM sAkalyena sAdhu asAdhu vA / purAtane'pi kiMcid grAhyam, nUtane'pi ca tathaiva kiMcid grAhyam / ubhayatrApi kiMcit zreyaskaraM sukhAvahaM lokopakAri ca / tatra marAlavRtterAzrayaNameva zreyaskaram avagamyate / sAdhUcyate mahAkavinA kAlidAsena yad haMsaH kSIram Adatte, tanmizrA apazca jahAti / tathaiva yasyAM kasyAmapi paddhatau yadyat zreyaskaraM syAt tattadAdeyam / yacca tatrAzreyaskaraM tat pariheyam / haMso hi kSIramAdatte tanmizrA varjayatyapaH / zAku0 6-28 viSaye'smin bhagavatA manunA'pi nIrakSIraviveka-paddhatireva zreyaskaratvena samarthyate / ataeva tenAdizyate yad viSAdapyamRtam Adeyam / subhASitAni sadvattAni vividhAni ca zilpAdIni yata eva prApyante, tata eva AdeyAni / uktaM ca viSAdapyamRtaM grAhyaM bAlAdapi subhASitam / amitrAdapi savRttam amedhyAdapi kAJcanam // striyo ratnAnyatho vidyA dharmaH zaucaM subhASitam / vividhAni ca zilpAni samAdeyAni srvtH|| manu0 2-239, 240 purAtana-nUtanayovivAde manormataM samIcInatamaM pratIyate / evaM prAcInaparamparAyAM prAcInapaddhatau ca yadyat zreyaskaram, tattad yatnato grAhyam, anyacca pariheyam / etAdRzyeva prAcInA paramparA / ataeva taittirIyopaniSadi karmavipratipattimAzritya nirdizyate yat

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purANamityeva na sAdhu sarvam 323 yAnyanavadyAni karmANi, tAni sevitavyAni, no itarANi / taitti0 1-11-2 navInasyopAdeyatvam-mahAkavinA kAlidAsena na kevalaM kAvyaviSaye eva, api tu sarvamapi viSayamadhikRtya krAntikAri vacanametat prastUyate yad na prAcInameva sarvotkRSTam, na ca navyamiti pariheyam / santaH sAdhu parIkSyaiva grAhya gRhNanti, heyaM ca parijahati / kAvye zAstre samAje nItau rItau ca sarvatraiva vidhireSa pAlanIyaH / uktaM ca purANamityeva na sAdhu sarvaM na cApi kicinnavamityavadyam / santaH parIkSyAnyatarad bhajante, mUDhaH parapratyayaneya-buddhiH // mAlavikAgnimitra 1-2 yadi kAlidAsasya kathanametad vikAsavAdadRSTyA parIkSyate cet tarhi sutarAmetad Apadyate yad jagati pratipadaM pratikSaNaM ca vikAsaH pravartate / nahi lokasya jIvanasya ca kiMcit tattvaM yatra vikAsaprakriyA nopalabhyeta / vikAsaprakriyAzrayaNe tu sarvatraiva vikAso manyate / rIti-nIti-zikSA-veSa-bhUSAdiviSayeSu vikAsakramo na kenApi saMrorbu pAryate / vijJAna-samudayAcca vizvasyaivaikatvaM saMjAyate / sarvAH sabhyatAH, sarvAH saMskRtayazca kiMcit svIyaM vaiziSTayaM dhArayanti / tatra yadeva zreyaskaraM mahattvapUrNa viziSTam aparihArya vA'valokyeta, tatastadevopAdeyam / evaMvidhadRSTerAzrayaNena vaijJAnikAviSkArANAmapi lAbhAH sAdhUpabhoktuM samyagupayoktuM ca pAryante / saMskRtyAdiviSayeSu AcArasaMvalitA, Astikya-samavetA, dharmamUlA ca prAcIna-saMskRtirapi jIvane na sarvathA parihAryatvaM bhajate / anyaviSayeSu, prAdhAnyena saMskRti-viSaye, samanvayavAdaH, sAmaJjasyaprakriyA ca zreyase iti sukaraM vaktam / kSaNe kSaNe yannavatAmupaiti tadeva rUpaM ramaNIyatAyAH-aharnizam avalokyate yat sarveSu vRkSeSu pratyahaM nUtanAni puSpANi, nUtanAni phalAni, nUtanAni ca kisalayAni prAdurbhavanti / sUryasya razmiSu pratyahaM nUtanaM jyotirnatnA prabhA navyA pragatizca, sudhAMzoH kiraNeSu nUtanA sudhA nUtanam AhlAdanaM ca, patatriNAM raveSu nUtanaH kalaravaH, prakRtau pratyahaM pratikSaNaM ca nUtanatvaM saMprekSyate / jIvane'nudinaM navA sphUrtiH, nava utsAhaH, navA pragatirudgatizca nirIkSyate / evamanavarataM pratipalaM pratipadaM ca nUtanatvaM dRzyate / nitya-nUtanatvameva prakRtervikAsasya ca mUlam / bAle vA, zizau vA, taruNeSu, taruNISu ca nitya-nUtanatvaM vikAsa-prakriyAmevodghoSayati / kAvye zAstre loke caitannUtanatvameva ramaNIyatAm ApAdayati /

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324 saMskRtanibandhazatakam rotirvA, nItirvA, vidhirvA, paddhatirvA, sabhyatA vA, saMskRtirvA, kAvyaM vA, zAstraM vA, sarvatraiva nUtanatvasya sAmrAjyaM lakSyate / ataeva mahAkavinA mAghena sAhlAdam udghoSyate yat kSaNe kSaNe yannavatAmupaiti tadeva rUpaM ramaNIyatAyAH / zizu0 4-17 bhagavatA kRSNena pratipAdyate yad - ' vAsAMsi jIrNAni yathA vihAya, navAni gRhNAti naro'parANi' ( gItA 2 - 22 ) tadvat purAtanaM parityajyate, nUtanaM cAdhIyate iti nisargakramaH / etadAzrityaiva zizuSu nUnA sphUrtiH, ramaNISu nUtanaM lAvaNyam, puSpeSu nUtanaM saurabham sAhitye nUtanAbhivyaJjanAzaktiH, saMskRtI nUtano vidhizca parilakSyate / nUtanatvaM vikAsasya pragatezca mUlam iti sarvatraiva nUtanatvam Adriyate / nUtanaM ca prAcInamUlam iti prAcInamapi na sarvathA'vamantavyam | 'guNagRhyA vacane vipazcitaH ' ( kirAtA0 2-5 ), sadasadvyaktihetavazca santaH purAtana - nUtanayorubhayorapi sAraM saMgRhya prAcInanUtanayoH samanvayamevAzrayante Adriyante ca /

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. pariziSTam mahattvapUrNA nibandhAH saMketa-sUcI-IAS = I.A.S.; PCS = P.C.S. ( U.P.); AU = Agra University; ALD = Allahabad University; 'DLI = Delhi University; GKP = Gorakhpur University; MU = Meerut University. nibandha-saMkhyA viSayAH pRSThAGkAH 1. vaidikAH zAstrIyAzca nibandhAH 1. vedAnAM mahattvam-ALD-71, 74; DLI-65; AU-51, 73, MU-74. (ka) vedo'khilo dharmamUlam-IAS-68, 72; ALD-68, 72; ____DLI-68; AU-65, 70, 72; GKP-73. 2. vedAGgAnAM mahattvam-AU-65; MU-73. (ka) SaDaGgo vedo0-AU-71. 3. mukhaM vyAkaraNaM smRtam-DLI-67, 69; GKP-72; MU-71. (ka) teSAM hi sAmaya'juSAM0-IAS-67. upaniSadAM mahattvam-IAS-66; AU-61, 63. gItA sugItA kartavyA-IAS-71; AU-61, 65, 69; GKP-73, MU-71, 73. (ka) dugdhaM gItAmRtaM mahat-IAS-68; AU-71. ramyA rAmAyaNI kathA-IAS-66, 67, 75; AU-69, 71; MU-74. (ka) AdikavirvAlmIkiH-IAS-68; AU-52, 65. 7. bhArataM paJcamo vedaH-IAS-65; AU-69, 73; MU-74. (ka) yadihAsti tadanyatra0-IAS-66; PCS-67. (kha) mahattvAd bhAravattvAcca0-AU-70, 72; IAS-73. purANaM paJcalakSaNam-IAS-65, 73, 78; PCS-62, AU-683; __MU-74. purANAnAM mahattvam-IAS-64; AU-54, 64, 73, 74. (ka) itihAsa-purANAmyAM0-AU-70. 10. vidyAvatAM bhAgavate parIkSA-AU-62, 72.

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326 saMskRtanibandhazatakam nibandha-saMkhyA viSayAH pRSThAGkAH 2. dArzanikA nibandhAH 11. bhAratIya-darzanAnAM mahattvam-AU-66. 12. karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana-IAS-77. 13. nAsti sAMkhyasamaM jJAnam 14. ekaM sAMkhyaM ca yogaM ca0-PCS-67. 15. nAsti yogasamaM balam-PCS-68. 16. brahma satyaM jaganmithyA-AU-66, 74; MU-70, 72. (ka) sarvaM khalvidaM brahma-ALD-72, 73; DLI-67; AU - 69. 3. kAvyazAstrIyA nibandhAH 17. vAkyaM rasAtmakaM kAvyam-IAS-70, 75, 78; PCS-61, ALD-70; ___DLI-67, AU-50, 63; GKP-72. (ka) kAvyalakSaNam-IAS-76; GKP-71. 18. kAvyaM hi vakroktipradhAnam-IAS-65. 19. rItirAtmA kAvyasya-IAS-69; GKP-71. kAvyasyAtmA dhvaniH-IAS-77; ALD-74; AU-69; GKP-72, 73. vibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicArisaMyogAd-IAS-77; ALD-71; AU-68, 73; MU-73. (ka) rasasiddhAntaH-AU-63, 68. (kha) raso vai saH-ALD-73; GKP-71; MU-71. 22. vaidarbhI lalitakramA-AU-68. 23. zabdArthayoH......"pAJcAlI rItiriSyate-AU-69. 24. kAvyazobhAkarAn dharmAn-IAS-71. 25. satyaM zivaM sundaram 26. eko rasaH karuNa eva-IAS-76; PCS-62; ALD-72; DLI-69. 27. zabdazaktayaH 4. sAhityikA nibandhAH 28. kAlidAsasya sarvasvamabhijJAnazAkuntalam-IAS-75. 29. upamA kAlidAsasya-IAS-63, 71, 78; PCS-57, 62, 78; AU-63.

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pariziSTam nibandha saMkhyA viSayA: 30. bhAraverathaM gauravam - IAS 63, 68, 75, PCS--57, 66, 77; AU-69. (ka) nArikelaphalasaMmitaM 0 - IAS - 66, 72, 74; GKP-71. 31. afosa: qamifmeun-IAS-67, 70, 72, 76; AU-73. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. (ka) paJcabANastu bANaH - IAS - 70. (kha) bANaH kavInAmiha cakravartI - IAS - 71; MU-73. (ga) vANI bANo babhUva ha - IAS - 74; PCS - 78; AU-71; GKP-72. (gha) kAdambarI - rasajJAnAm 0-PCS-59. saMskRta-sAhitye gadyasya vikAsa : - IAS - 64; AU-50. nATakotpattiviSayakA vAdA : - PCS - 71. 327 (ka) nATyotpatti - samIkSA - IAS - 64. apAre kAvyasaMsAre kavireva0 - IAS - 72; DLI - 69; AU - 75. (ka) bhAratI kaverjayati - IAS - 68, DLI - 65, 68. (kha) idameva tatkavitvaM - IAS - 66. (ga) giraH kavInAM jIvanti0 - IAS - 67. pRSThAGkAH and afa xui gon:-IAS--65, 6), 73; PCS-64, 67, 70, 76; AU- 68, 71, 74; GKP-71. 112 naiSadhaM vidvadauSadham - IAS - 68, 72, 76; PCS-66, 68, 77; AU-68, 72; DLI-65; GKP-72; MU-74. (ka) naiSadhe padalAlityam - IAS - 74, 77; PCS-59, 69. (kha) udite naiSadhe kAvye 0 IAS - 69, 70, 75, 78; GKP-71, 73. kAruNyaM bhavabhUtireva tanute - IAS - 66, 74; AU-68, 71, 73; MU-74. (ka) uttare rAmacarite 0 - IAS - 69, 77; PCS-60, 61; AU-75. kAvyeSu nATakaM ramyam--IAS-66, 67, 70, 73; PCS-59, 63, 76; AU-59, 69, 70, 72; GKP-71, 72, 73; MU-74. gadyaM kavInAM nikaSaM vadanti - IAS - 63, 72; PCS-61; AU-71. (ka) ojaH samAsabhUyastvam0-IAS-65. bANocchiSTaM jagat sarvam - IAS - 73, PCS - 66, 67, 76; DLI-67; AU-64; GKP-71. 103 108 117 121 126 129 132 137 140 143

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328 saMskRtanibandhazatakam 155 170 nibandha-saMkhyA viSayAH pRSThAGkAH 41. kavikulaguruH kAlidAso vilAsaH-IAS-69, 78; ALD-66; ___DLI-67; AU-61, 67, 70, 72, 73; GKP-73; MU-74. 147 (ka) ka iha raghukAre na ramate-PCS-63. (kha) meghe mAghe gataM vayaH-IAS-74,76; PCS-57; AU-68. 42. sUtradhAra"...."bhAso devakulairiva-PCS-64, 73. 151 5. bhASAvaijJAnikA nibandhAH 43. bhAratIyAnAM bhASA-vijJAne yogadAnam 44. bhASotpattiviSayakA vAdAH 159 45. arthavijJAnam vaidika-laukikasaMskRtayoH sAmyaM vaiSamyaM ca-IAS-64. 47. saMskRta-prAkRtabhASayoH sAdhayaM vaidhayaM ca 6. sAMskRtikA nibandhAH 48. vaidikI saMskRtiH-DLI-67; AU-50. 173 bhAratIyA saMskRtiH-AU-51, 55, 64, 75. 176 (ka) bhAratIyasaMskRtamalatattvAni-IAS-70; AU-73. saMskRtiH saMskRtAzrayA-IAS-74, 78; ALD-72; AU-70 181 (kha) saMskRtaM bhAratIyasaMskRtemalamAdhatte-IAS-71; FCS-72; AU-70. bhAratIyasaMskRtI nArINAM sthAnam-AU-52. 184 (ka) yatra nAryastu pUjyante -ALD-74; DLI-69; AU-71, 74. (kha) bhAratIyasamAje mahilAnAM gauravam-ALD-70; AU-66, 71. nahi satyAt paro dharmaH-IAS-73; PCS-77; AU-53. 189 53. ahiMsA paramo dharmaH-IAS-70; DLI-69; AU-50, 53. 192 54. yato dharmastato jayaH-PCS-71, 77; ALD-59; AU-52, 67, 194 (ka) dharmo rakSati rakSitaH-IAS-63; DLI-69. (kha) dharmo dhArayate prajAH-ALD-69; DLI-68; AU-67. 55. paropakArAya satAM vibhUtayaH-IAS-72, 78; ALD-66, 67. 56. AcAraH paramo dharma.-IAS-75; PCS-74, 75; ALD-66; AU-73. (ga) suvRttaireva zobhante prabandhAH sajjanA iva-IAS-66. 7. sAmAjikA nibandhAH 57. strIzikSAyA AvazyakatopayogitA ca-AU-55. 197

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pariziSTam nibandha-saMkhyA viSayAH 58. vijJAnasya lAbhA doSAzca - AU - 67, 73. 59. cAturvaNyaM mayA sRSTaM0 - AU - 68. (ka) varNavyavasthA - AU - 50, 53, 68. maharSi dayAnandaH - AU-53. mahAtmA gAMdhi: - AU - 65. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76, kuTIrodyoga : sahakAritAndolanam parivAraniyojanam 8. Arthika nibandhAH sAmyavAdaH vizvazAnterupAyAH 9. paJcavarSIya yojanA: - AU - 62. janatantravAdaH - IAS -70; AU-73; MU-72. (ga) sarveSAM rAjatantrANAM lokatantra 0 - AU-65, 74; MU-73. samAjavAda:-AU-66, 75; IAS - 73. rASTrIyA nibandhAH chAtrANAM rAjanItau pravezaH vasudhaiva kuTumbakam - IAS-75, 78; PCS-73. dezabhakti:-PCS-72; AU-75. (kha) dhanyA bhAratabhUH "pratnA ca tatsaMskRtiH - AU - 65, 72. 10. zaikSikA nibandhAH saMskRtabhASAyA mahattvam - AU - 67, 75; MU-72. (ka) bhArate bhAtu bhAratI - IAS - 75; AU - 71. (kha) bhASAsu madhurA mukhyA 0 - PCS - 63; AU - 67. ( ga ) saMskRtAdhyayanasya prayojanAni - IAS - 68, AU-62, 63; MU-70, 74. saMskRtasya rakSArthaM pracArArthaM copAyA:- AU-54, 61, 64. bhAratIya - zikSApaddhatI apekSitAH pariSkArA:- AU - 55; MU - 71 (kha) zikSAyA uddezyam - AU - 54. 329 pRSThAGkAH 205 208 211 214 216 218 221 223 226 230 232 235 237 239 241 244 248 250 353

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330 nibandha - saMkhyA 77. 78. 79. 80. 83. 84. 87. saMskRta nibandhazatakam viSayAH 11. prakIrNA nibandhAH 81. (ka) muhUrta jvalitaM zreyo0 - ALD- 63, 70. nAlambate daiSTikatAM na niSIdati pauruSe - AU-64. (kha) bhAgyavAdaH puruSArthavAdazca - AU-54. 82. 88. abhinavabhArate saMskRtam - ALD-70; AU- 51, 68. (ka) bhAratIyabhASAsu saMskRtasya yogadAnam - IAS - 77; PCS-70; 89. AU-73. (kha) saMskRta sAhityaM tatpravRttayazca - IAS - 67. (ga) saMskRtaM rASTrabhASA bhavitumarhati - AU - 66, 73. tribhASAsUtraM saMskRtaM ca - IAS-69; PCS-67. (ka) zikSAkrame saMskRtasya sthAnam - IAS - 72; PCS-69. anuzAsana - samasyA AcAryadevo bhava - AU-72. 85. 86. (ka) kasyaikAntaM sukhamupanataM 0 - ALD- 65. (ga) sarvaMkaSA bhagavatI bhavitavyataiva - ALD-58; AU-70, 71. (ca) zirasi likhitaM 0- ALD-69, 71. (ka) AzA hi paramaM jyotiH - IAS - 75, DLI-68; AU--55. jananI janmabhUmizca 0 -AU - 71, 75. (ka) mAtRdevo bhava - IAS-74; AU-73. (ka) saMhatiH zreyasI puMsAm - ALD-59. pRSThAGkAH 257 (ka) nAstyudyamasamo bandhuH 0-IAS 65; DLI-68. (kha) kriyAsiddhiH sattve bhavati mahatAM 0 - IAS - 69. 260 262 265 268 271 (kha) nIcairgacchatyupari ca dazA0 - IAS - 76, 78; PCS-69; ALD-71. (ga) patanAntAH samucchrayAH-PCS-68. ArjavaM hi kuTileSu na nIti : - IAS - 68; PCS-77; ALD-59; DLI-68; AU-68, 70. (ka) zaThe zAThyaM samAcaret - IAS - 63, 74; PCS-78. dharmArthakAmamokSANAm ArogyaM0- ALD-70. 274 277 281 284 287 290 (ka) zarIramAdyaM khalu dharmasAdhanam - IAS - 77; AU-67, 71. udyoginaM puruSasiMhamupaiti lakSmI: - IAS - 63, 74, 78; FCS-73, 76, 78; ALD-72; DLI-65. 292

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nibandha - saMkhyA 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. pariziSTam viSayAH (ga) udyamena hi sidhyanti kAryANi 0 - IAS - 66; ALD-58, DLI-69. uddharedAtmanAtmAnaM0- IAS - 63, 68; PCS - 74, 75. yogaH karmasu kauzalam - IAS - 68, 76; AU - 51,69. (ka) karmaNyevAdhikAraste 0 - IAS - 65, 70; ALD-59, 74; DLI-68; AU - 52. (kha) kurvanneveha karmANi 0 - AU - 56, 72. guNAH pUjAsthAnaM0 - IAS 69, 78; ALD-67, 69, 73. (ka) guNagauravamAyAti0 - IAS - 71. (ga) tejasAM hi na vayaH samIkSyate - PCS - 71. sahasA vidadhIta na kriyAm 0 - IAS - 65, 72; PCS-78; ALD-58, 65; AU-71. 97. 98. 99. cintAviSaghnaM rasAyanam vidyAdhanaM sarvadhanapradhAnam - IAS-74; ALD-67; AU-66. ( kha ) Rte jJAnAnna mukti: - IAS - 69; ALD-65, 68; DLI-65, 68; GKP-71. (Ga) kiM kiM na sAdhayati' 'vidyA - ALD-66. (ca) nahi jJAnena sadRzaM pavitramiha vidyate - ALD-63, 71; AU-65, 71, 72, 74. sarve guNAH kAJcanamAzrayante - IAS-69; AU-52, 68. (ka) hiraNyamevArjaya0 - IAS - 72. tyAjyaM na dhairyam 0 - ALD-74. na nizcitArthAd viramanti dhIrAH - IAS - 64, 61; ALD--63. (ka) nyAyyAt pathaH pravicalanti0 - IAS -72; ALD-58, 67. (kha) sAhase zrIrvasati -AU-50. 100. purANamityeva na sAdhu sarvam - IAS - 72, 76, PCS-78; AU-51. (cha) yasya nAsti svayaM prajJA0 - IAS - 65, 67. satsaMgatiH kathaya kiM na karoti puMsAm - IAS--64; ALD-59; AU-70. 331 pRSThAGkAH 295 297 299. 302 305. 308 311 3.14 317 319. 322:

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pramakha saMskRta prakAzana DaoN0 bhagavatIprasAda siMha DaoN0 ramAzaMkara tripAThI DaoN. kapiladeva dvivedI 100.00 15.00 (presa meM) __7.5. bhuzuNDi rAmAyaNa (pUrva-khaNDa ), abhijJAnazAkuntalam saMskRta bhASAvijJAna evaM bhASAzAstra prArambhika racanAnuvAdakaumudI racanAnuvAdakaumudI prauDha-racanAnuvAdakaumudI -saMskRta vyAkaraNa rASTragItAMjaliH alaGkAraprasthAnavimarzaH mudrArAkSasam ( vizAkhadatta) vedacayanam kAdambarI : kathAmukha 25.00 (presa meM) 10.00 10.00 (presa meM) 15.00 10.00 pAli prAkRta-apabhraMza saMgraha DaoN0 lakSmInArAyaNa siMha DaoN. ramAzaMkara tripAThI vizvambharanAtha tripAThI DaoN. devarSi sanADhya tathA vizvambharanAtha tripAThI DaoN0 rAmaavadha pANDeya tathA DaoN. ravinAtha mizra DaoN0 haridatta zAstrI nagInAdAsa pArikha tathA DaoN0 premasvarUpa gupta DaoN0 dazaratha dvivedI DaoN0 ramAzaMkara tripAThI DaoN. devarSi samADhya paM0 gopAlazAstrI darzanakesarI 20.00 (presameM) RgvedabhASya-bhUmikA abhinava kA rasavivecana 20.00 7.50 25.00 1.20 abhinava rasa-siddhAnta dazarUpakam raghuvaMza mahAkAvyam ( dvitIya sarga ) saMskRta-zikSakam gomahimAbhinaya-nATakam RcAoM kI chAyA meM 4.00 rAmanivAsa vidyArthI vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana cauka, vArANasI

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pramukha saMskRta prakAzana " " " saMskRta zikSA / bhAga 1 se 5 taka DaoN. kapiladeva dvivedI 12-50 prArambhika racanAnuvAdakaumudI 3-0. racanAnuvAdakaumudI 7.50 prauDha-racanAnuvAdakaumudI 25.00 saMskRta vyAkaraNa " " " 30.00 laghusiddhAntakaumudI yaMtrastha saMskRta bhASAvijJAna evaM bhASAzAstra yaMtrastha rASTragItAMjaliH 15-00 alaMkAraprasthAnavimarzaH DaoN0 lakSmInArAyaNa siMha 15-00 dazarUpakam DaoN. ramAzaMkara tripAThI 20.00 abhinava-rasa-siddhAnta DaoN0 dazapatha dvivedI 7-50 abhinava kA rasa-vivecana nagInadAsa pArekha tathA DaoN0 premasvarUpa gupta 25-00 vakroktijIvitam DaoN0 dazaratha dvivedI 15.00 zabda-zakti-vivecana DaoN0 rAmalakhana zukla 15-00 dhvanyAlokaH (dIpazikhA TIkA sahita) DaoN0 caNDikAprasAda zukla 40.00 vedacayanam vizvambharanAtha tripAThI 15-00 RGmaNimAlA DaoN0 haridatta zAstrI 8-00 bhuzuNDi rAmAyaNa ( khaNDa 1) saM0 DaoN. bhagavatIprasAda siMha mUlakathA, bhUmikA tathA prastAvanA bhUmikA0 DaoN0 vI0 rAghavan 100-00 abhijJAnazAkuntalam ( kAlidAsa) DaoN. ramAzaMkara tripAThI 15.00 uttararAmacaritam ( bhavabhUti) DaoN0 rAmaavadha pANDeya ( vIra rAghavakRta TIkA sahita) DaoN. ravinAtha mizra 15-00 zRMgAramaMjarI saTakam (zrImadvizvezvara) saM0 bAbUlAla zukla 10000 DO vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana * cauka, vArANasI mUlya : 20.00