Gujaratno Rajkiya ane Sanskritik Itihas Part 05 Saltanat Kal

Author(s): Rasiklal C Parikh, Hariprasad G Shastri
Publisher: B J Adhyayan Sanshodhan Vidyabhavan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032608/1

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gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa rAhatanata kAla zeTha bhALAbhAI jesiMgabhAI adhyayana-nsa zAdhana vidyAbhavana thAmadAvAda 380 0 0

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saMzodhana graMthamAlA-graMthAMka 71 zeTha bhoLAbhAI jesiMgabhAI adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa graMtha 5 satanata kAla saMpAdaka rasikalAla choTAlAla parIkha anusnAtaka adhyApaka, saMzodhana-mArgadarzaka ane nivRtta adhyakSa, zeTha bho. je. adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda ane hariprasAda gaMgAzaMkara zAstrI, ema.e., pIeca.DI. anusnAtaka adhyApaka, sadhana-mArgadarzaka ane adhyakSa, zeTha bho. je. adhyayana-saMzAdhana vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda zeTha bheLAbhAI jesiMgabhAI adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana amadAvAda-380008

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prathama saMskaraNa I. sa. 1977 vi. saM. 2033 - - - prAka hariprasAda saM. zAstrI - adhyakSa mudraka ke bhIkhAlAla bhAvasAra zrI svAminArAyaNa mudraNa maMdira 46, bhAvasAra sesAyaTI navA vADaja, amadAvAda-380013 bho.je. adhyayana-saMzAdhana vidyAbhavana 2. che. mArga, amadAvAda-380009

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prastAvanA gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsanI graMthamAlAne A graMtha 5 mo salatanata kAlane lagato che. gujarAtanA itihAsamAM I.sa. 1300 nA arasAmAM solaMkI-vAghelA vaMzanI sattAne asta ane dilhI saltanatanI sattAne udaya thatAM rAjakIya tathA sAMskRtika kSetre yugapalaTA jevuM vipula tathA vyApaka parivartana AvyuM. AvuM krAMtikArI parivartana vaheluM moDuM bhAratanA ghaNe anya pradezamAM paNa AvyuM hatuM, AthI bhAratanA itihAsamAM have e ghaTanA prAcIna kAla ane madhya kAla vaccenuM sImAcihna gaNAya che. uttara bhArata ane pUrva bhAratamAM aneka hiMdu rAjya 13 mI sadInA AraMbhamAM muslima sattAne vaza thayAM, jyAre gujarAta e sAme 14 mI sadInA AraMbha sudhI TakI rahyuM, e hakIkata A saMdarbhamAM khAsa nedhapAtra gaNAya. alAuddIna khalajInA samayamAM I.sa. 1299-1304 thI gujarAta para dilhI saltanatanI hakUmata prasarI ne e tugalaka sulatAna nAsiruddIna mahamUdazAhanA amala daramyAna I.sa. 1403-07 sudhI arthAta lagabhaga eka zataka jeTalo samaya cAlu rahI. e pachI vaLI ahIM gujarAtanA sulatAnanA vaMzanI sattA pravatI, je I.sa. 1572-73 sudhI arthAta deDha saikAthI vadhu samaya cAlI. A graMthamAM nirUpAyela itihAsa A baMne salatanatanA amalane AvarI le che ne ekaMdare 269 jeTalAM varSone gALa roke che. ahIM prAstAvika prakaraNa 1 mAM A itihAsanI vividha sAdhana-sAmagrIno paricaya ApavAmAM AvyuM che, jemAM phArasI-arabI tavArIkho tathA arabI-phArasI zilAlekho ane sikkA khAsa noMdhapAtra che. chatAM A itihAsa salatanatane nahi, paNa satanatakAlIna gujarAtano heI emAM saMrakRta-prAkRta-gujarAtI sAhityanA tathA saMskRta-gujarAtI abhilekhonA mahatvanuM mUlya ochuM aMkAya nahi. 16 mI sadInA AraMbhathI phiraMgI lakhANonuM sAdhana paNa keTalIka bAbatamAM upayogI nIvaDe che.

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prakaraNa 2mAM dilhI saltanatano ne prakaraNa 3, 5 ane 6 mAM gujarAtanI saltanatane amala nirUpA che. gujarAtanI saltanata sthapAtAM thoDAM varSomAM ja satanatanuM pAyatakhta ahamadazAha 1 lAe vasAvelA amadAvAdamAM khase che ne jema agAu pAMceka saikAo sudhI aNahilavADa gujarAtanAM ItihAsa-saMskRtinuM keMdra rahyuM hatu tema havethI eTale samaya e mahatvanuM sthAna amadAvAda dharAve che, AthI gujarAtanA mazahUra pATanagarano keTaleka vRttAMta prakaraNa 4 mAM AlekhAye che. gujarAtanI saltanatanA uttarArdhamAM gujarAtamAM phiraMgIono pagapesAre thayo ne chevaTe dIva tathA damaNamAM teonI sattA jAmI ene vRttAMta prakaraNa 6mAM pariziSTamAM Ape che. gujarAta para pravartatI rAjasattAomAM saltanatanI sattA keMdrasthAne hatA, sAthe sAthe kaccha saurASTra ane taLagujarAtamAM jADejA cUDAsamA jeThavA vAjA jhAlA paramAra gRhila rAThoDa cauhANa vagere vaMzanIya sattA pravartatI hatI. enA ItihAsa vinA gujarAtano rAjakIya itihAsa apUrNa gaNAya, AthI agAunA graMthonI jema A graMthamAM paNa e dareka samakAlIna rAjyano saLaMga ItihAsa ApavAmAM Avyo che. vaLI gujarAtanA itihAsanA saMdarbhamAM jene ulekha vAraMvAra Avato hoya tevAM mevADa mALavA ane khAnadeza jevAM paDozI rAjyanA temaja gujarAtanI saltanatanI samakAlIna dilhI saltanatanA ItihAsanI rUparekhA paNa AlekhavAmAM AvI che (prakaraNa 7). prakaraNa 8mAM A kAlanA rAjyataMtrano khyAla ApIne enA pariziSTamAM salatanatanI TaMkazALo tathA judA judA sulatAnonA sikkAono adyatana paricaya ApavAmAM Avyo che, je rUparekhAtmaka hovA chatAM ghaNuM upayogI nIvaDaze. have itihAsamAM rAjakIya ItihAsa karatAMya sAMskRtika ItihAsa vizeSa mahattava dharAve che. agAunA graMthonI jema A graMthamAM paNa e kAlanAM sAmAjika sthiti, Arthika sthiti, bhASA ane sAhitya, lipi ane dharma-saMpradAyonI samIkSA karavAmAM AvI che (prakaraNa 9 thI 13). purAvastune lagatA aMtima khaMDamAM sthaLa-tapAsa ane ukhanana dvArA maLelI mAhitI, sthApatyakIya smAraka, zilpakRtio ane citrakalAnuM nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che (prakaraNa 14 thI 17), emAM cAMpAneranAM sthaLatapAsa-ukhanana tathA islAmI sthApatya khAsa noMdhapAtra che. A kAla daramyAna aneka videzI pravAsIoe gujarAtanI mulAkAta lIdhelI tene lagatI veMdhonuM mahattva graMthanA aMte ApelA pariziSTamAM darzAvyuM che.

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vaMzAvaLIo saMdarbhasUci zabdasUci nakazA Alekho ane phoTogrAphanI Avazyaka sAmagrI paNa pUrvavata ApavAmAM AvI che. gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsanI graMthamAlAno A graMtha taiyAra karI prakAzita karavA mATe rAjya sarakAre 75 TakAnA anudAnanI mAtabara sahAya karI che e mATe ene jeTalo AbhAra mAnIe teTale ocho che. A bAbatamAM bhASAniyAmakazrInA vibhAga taraphathI amane je satata sakriya mArgadarzana maLela che tenI ahIM sAbhAra noMdha laIe chIe. salAhakAra samitinA sabhyomAM have munizrI jinavijayajI tathA Do. choTubhAI ra. nAyakanA avasAnathI e vidvAnanI beTa paDI che; Do. jhiyAuddIna desAIe salAhakAra samitinA sabhya tarIke kAma karavAnuM svIkAryuM che. graMthanI saphaLatAne mukhya AdhAra lekhaka para raheluM che. ItihAsa saMskRti ane purAtattvanAM vividha prakaraNa tathA pariziSTa mATe amane te te viSayanA to paikI je aneka lekhakane sakriya sahakAra sAMpaDayo che te sahune ame savizeSa AbhAra mAnIe chIe. saltanata kAlanA rAjakIya tathA sAMskRtika itihAsane pUrato nyAya ApavAmAM vividha bhASAo lipio ane saMskRtionI jANakArI ane niSpakSa saMzodhanadaSTi dharAvatA aneka vidvAnone sahakAra anivArya che. AvA aneka vidvAnone sahakAra ane sAMpaDyo che e amAruM sadbhAgya che. e sahu lekhakonAM lakhANamAM bane teTalI pramANita vastulakSI ane anujaka rajUAta thAya e mATe ame yathAzakti kALajI rAkhI che, chatAM kyAMka ajANatAM keInI lAgaNI dubhAya tevuM kAMI rahI gayuM hoya to e mATe ame vAcakonI kSamA yAcIe chIe. alabatta arthaghaTana abhiprAyo ane maMtavyo te te lekhakanAM che tenI sAthe saMpAdake haMmezAM sahamata che evuM mAnI levuM asthAne che. lekhakemAM Do. choTubhAI ra. nAyakanA avasAnathI paDelI khoTa sAle che. arabI-phArasI abhilekha tathA sikkAnI bAbatamAM De. jhiyAuddIna a. desAInI viziSTa vikatAne je lAbha maLyo che tenI savizeSa neMdha laIe chIe. arabI- phArasI tathA phiraMgI bhASAnI jANakArInA abhAve e bhASAnAM vizeSa nAmanI joDaNI vageremAM kaMI kSati rahI hoya te e mATe ame dilagIra chIe. amArA saMpAdanakAryamAM tathA kUvAcanamAM amane amArA sahakAryakara zrI kezavarAma kA. zAstrIno tathA Do. pravINacaMdra ci. parIkhane je satata sakriya sahakAra maLyo che te mATe emano AbhAra mAnIe teTaluM che. pheTA tathA bleka

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8 mATe amane je saMsthAe| tathA vyaktionI sahAya sAMpaDI che temanA anyatra RNasvIkAra karyAM che, e sahunA saujanyanI ahIM pazu kRtajJatApUrvaka noMdha laIe chIe. have pachInA graMtha mughala kAlane lagatA che ne e chapAvA zarU thaI cUkayo che. rAjya sarakAre graMtha 7-8-9 nI ceAjanA paNa maMjUra karI che. eka prAgaitihAsika kAlathI mAMDIne I.sa. 1960 sudhInA gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsanA A sa` graMtha aneka tajUnuMAnI kalame lakhAya che ne e sacitra daLadAra graMthA sarakArI anudAnane laIne dhaNI ochI kiMmate maLI zake che. A graMthamAlAnA graMthAne gujarAtanA itihAsamAM rasa dharAvatI sarva saMsthAe tathA vyaktie kharIdatI rahI graMthamAlAne sakriya prAtsAhana ApatI raheze evI AzA rAkhIe chIe. bheA. je. vidyAbhavana, ra. che. mArgI, amadAvAda-380009 tA. 31-12-1976 rasikalAla che, parIkha hariprasAda ga. zAstrI sapAdakA

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anukramaNa prastAvanA anukamaNI nakazA ane citro raNusvIkAra saMkSepasUci mahattvanI zuddhio khaMDa 1 prAstAvika prakaraNa 1 sAdhana-sAmagrI 1 phArasI-arabI tavArIkha le. choTubhAI 2. nAyaka, ema.e.,bI TI pIeca.DI. phArasInA rIDara, bhASAbhavana, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, amadAvAda 2 arabI-phArasI zilAlekho ane sikkAo le. jhiyAuddIna abdulahai desAI, ema.eDI.liTa. suparinTenDiMga epigrAphisTa phera arebika enDa parziyana iskripzansa, Arkiyolojikala sarve opha inDiyA, nAgapura 3 saMrakRta-prAkRta ane jUnI gujarAtImAM lakhAyelI itihAsapogI kRtio 12 le. bhegIlAla jayacaMdabhAI sAMDesarA, ema.e.,pIeca.DI. niyAmaka, oriyenTala InsTiTyUTa ane adhyakSa, gujarAtI vibhAga, ma. sa. yunivarsiTI, vaDodarA 4 saMrakRta-gujarAtI abhilekho 5 phira gI lakhANa 6 purAvastukIya sAdhane le. hariprasAda gaMgAzaMkara zAstrI, ema.e., pIeca.DI. adhyakSa, bhe. je. adhyayana-saMzAdhana vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda

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28 khaMDa 2 rAjakIya ItihAsa prakaraNa 2 dilhI salatanatanA amala nIce le. choTubhAI ra. nAyaka, ema.e.,bI.TI.,pAeca.DI. 1 khalajI salatanatanA amala nIce 2 tugalaka salatanatanA amala nIce prakaraNa 3 gujarAta saltanata : sthApanA ane sthiratA le cheTubhAI 2. nAyaka, ema.e.,bI.TI,pIeca.DI. nAjhima jhapharakhAna sulatAna muhammadazAha 1 le sulatAna mujhapharazAha 1 le sulatAna ahamadazAha 1le prakaraNa 4 amadAvAda : gujarAtanuM mazahura pATanagara le. hariprasAda gaM. zAstrI, ema.e.pIeca.DI. sthApanA ane vikAsa zaherane vahIvaTa Arthika sthiti sAMskRtika pradAna prakaraNa 5 ahamadazAha 1 lAthI mahamUdazAha 1 le le. cheTubhAI ra. nAyaka, ema.e.,bI.TI. pIeca.DI. ahamadazAha 1 le muhammadazAha 2 je kubuddIna ahamadazAha urphe ahamadazAha rAje dAUdakhAna mahamUdazAha 1 le-begaDo 58 70:

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prakaraNa 6 mujhaphpharazAhe rjAthI mujhaphpharazAha 3 jo le. cheTulAI 2. nAyaka, ema.e.,bI.TI.,pIeca.DI. mujhaphrazAha ra jo sikaMdarazAha mahamUdazAha 2 jo bahAdurazAha muhammadazAhe 3 jo mahamUdazAha 3 jo ahamadazAha 3 jo mujhaphphpharazAha 3 jo pariziSTa gujarAtamAM phigIoneA pagapesArA le, ramezakAMta geA. parIkha, ema.e.,pIeca.DI. itihAsanA rIDara, saurASTra yunivarsiTI, rAjakoTa prakaraNa 7 samakAlIna rAjyA re cUDAsamA vaMza 3 jeThavA vaMza 11 4 dakSiNa saurASTranA vAjA vaMza 5 mAMgarALamAM tiramijhI saiyade ane kAcha zekhA } jhAlA vaMza 7 sADhA paramAra vaMza 8 gRhila vaMza 9 IDaranA rAThoDa vaMza 10 cAMpAneranA khIcI cauhANa vaMza le. kezavarAma kAzIrAma zAstrI, vidyAvAcaspati mAnA adhyApaka, bheA. je. adhyayana-sa MzeAdhana vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda ane mAnA adhyakSa, gujarAta sazAdhana ma`DaLa-gujarAta zAkhA, amadAvAda 1 kacchane jADejA vaMza sarahedanAM anya rAjya samakAlIna dilhI saltanata 106 110 111. 122 127 128 137 153. 157 167 170 101 172 175 176 178 182 185 193.

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12 203 207 prakaraNa 8 rAjyataMtra le. cheTubhAI ra. nAyaka, ema.e,pIeca.DI. 1 dilhI salatanata nIceno vahIvaTa 2 gujarAtanI svataMtra saltanatane vahIvaTa pariziSTa saltanatanI TaMkazALo ane emAM paDavelA sikkA le. jhiyAuddIna a.desAI, ema.eDI.liTa. sikkA - TaMkazALo khaMDa 3 sAMskRtika ItihAsa 220 247 prakaraNa 9, sAmAjika sthiti (1) hiMdu samAja le. pravINacaMdra cimanalAla parIkha, ema.e., pIeca.DI. adhyApaka, bhe. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda samAjavyavasthA 257 lagna ane strIonI sthiti 259 bhejana 261 vezabhUSA vilAsa ane manoraMjana 263 rItarivAja 264 vahema ane mAnyatAo 267 (2) muslima samAja le. zAMtilAla maNilAla mahetA, ema e. (phArasI-gujarAtI, hiMdI, aMgrejI), elaela.bI., adhyApaka, dharmedrasiMhajI ArTasa koleja, rAjakoTa videzI musalamAne 268 262

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270 271 274 275 276 dezI musalamAne vividha muslima komo rItarivAje khorAka ane pozAka dhArmika utsava zikSaNa mane raMjana prakaraNa 10 Arthika sthiti le. jayaMtakumAra premazaMkara ThAkara, ema.e, koviMda upaniyAmaka, oriyenTala insTiTayUTa, vaDodarA pariziSTa khaMbhAta-gujarAtanuM mazahUra baMdara le. hariprasAda ga. zAstrI, ema.e., pIeca.DI. selaMkI kAlamAM saltanata kAlamAM sthApita udyogadhaMdhA mukhya nikAsa AyAta khaMbhAtanA vepArIo baMdaranI paDatI 1 292 293 294 295 prakaraNa 11 bhASA ane sAhitya (1) le. abAlAla premacaMdra zAha, vyAkaraNutIrtha nivRtta saMyukta pradhAna saMpAdaka, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI graMthamAlA, lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, amadAvAda bhASA saMskRta apabhraMza ane madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhitya 297 298 302

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298 330 (2) le. cheTubhAI ra. nAyaka, ema.e, bI.TI, pIeca.DI. lASA phArasI ane arabI sAhitya arabI-phArasI sAhitya (3) le. kezavarAma kA zAstrI, vidyAvAcaspati bhASA AraMbhika gujarAtInA bhASAsvarUpa sAhitya itara sAhityakAro 299 323 341 349 360 prakaraNa 12 lipi 1. nAgarI lipi le. pravINacaMdra ci. parIkha, ema.e., pIeca.DI. 2. arabI lipi ane enI sulekhana-zailIo le, jhiyAuddIna a desAI, ema.e., DI.li. prakaraNa 13 dharma saMpradAye 1) le. jayaMtakumAra premazaMkara ThAkara, ema.e, vida 1. hiMdu dharma 2. jaina dharma (2) le. zAMtilAla maNilAla mahetA, ema.e. 3. islAma (3) le. cinubhAI jagannAtha nAyaka, ema.e, pIeca.DI. upAcArya ane bhAratIya saMskRti vibhAganA vaDA, ha. kA. ArTasa koleja, amadAvaMda 4. jarathostI dharma pariziSTa gujarAtamAM islAmano phelAvo ane enI asara le. pravINacaMdra ci. parIkha, ema.e., pIeca.DI. pa. 397ne phakarA -le. jayaMtakumAra pra. ThAkara, ema.e, kavi 37ra 383 392

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15 - khaMDa 4 purAvastu prakaraNa 14 sthaLatapAsa ane ukhanana dvArA maLelI mAhitI le. ramaNalAla nAgarajI mahetA, ema.e., pIeca.DI. adhyakSa, DipArTamenTa oNpha AeNileka enDa enTa hisTarI, phekalTI oNpha ArTasa, ma. sa. yunivarsiTI opha baroDA, vaDodarA prAstAvika 403 mATIkAma 404 paththaro 408 dhAtu. 410 kAgaLa ane lAkaDuM 411 prakaraNa 15 sthApatyakIya smArako (1) le. panubhAI nAnAlAla bhaTTa, ema.e., pIeca.DI. adhyApaka, skUla opha ArkiTeksara, amadAvAda (a) nAgarika sthApatya nagara-Ayojana 412 koTa-killA 420 bAMdhakAma jaLAzaya 421 (I) IslAmI sthApatya prAstAvika 435 Ayojana ane bAMdhakAma padhati . 426 gaNanApAtra imArato 445 (2) le. kAMtilAla phUlacaMda semapurA, emae, elaela.bI, pIeca.DI. (A) devAlayo ulikhita devAla 425 beMdhapAtra vidyamAna devAlayo 428

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prakaraNa 16 zilpakRtio (1) le. harilAla 2. gaudAnI, amadAvAda sAmAnya lakSaNo (2) le. jhavaNacaMdra ci. parIkha, ema.e., pIeca.DI. devapratimAo (3) le. 5nubhAI nAnAlAla bhaTTa, ema.e., pIeca.DI. IslAmI rUpAMkana 468 44 prakaraNa 17 citrakalA (1) le. priyabALA jIvaNalAla zAha, ema.e., pIeca.DI, DI.liTa AcArya, mAtuzrI, vIrabAImA mahilA koleja, rAjakoTa (a) laghucitro (2) le. 5nubhAI nAnAlAla bhaTTa, ema.e., pIeca.DI. (A) bhitticitra pariziSTa gujarAtamAM AvelA videzI pravAsIoe karelI che 501 le. ramezakAMta ze. parIkha, ema.e., pIeca.DI. vaMzAvaLIo saMdarbha sUci 50 zabdasaci 55 513 nakazA ane citro nakazA 1. saltanatakAlIna gujarAta (rAjakIya) 2. pazcima bhAratanAM samakAlIna rAjya 3. purAtatva aMgenAM sthaLa

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17 citro paSTa AkRti 4 6 7 8 5-12 13-17 18 19 20 10 23 24 vigata nAgarI lipi nAlama tApa para tugrAzailIne lekha, jUnAgaDha mIra gyAsuddInanI kabara para zUlya zailIne lekha, bharUca cAMdanI masjidanA mukhya maherAba para nakha zailIne lekha, prabhAsapATaNa salatanatakAlIna sikkA sthaLa tapAsamAMthI maLelI vastuo amadAvAdanA killAne lena aDAlajanI vAvane pavaeNna bhamariyA kUvAne na triveNI samIpanuM sUryamaMdira, prabhAsapATaNa hiraNyAnA kAMThA paranuM sUryamaMdira, prabhAsapATaNa sarotrAnuM maMdira pittalahara maMdira, bAbu hATakezvara mahAdeva, vaDanagara hATakezvara mahAdeva, vaDanagara (Urvadarzana) bAvanaderI jaina maMdira, pAvAgaDha sAraNezvara maMdira, abhApura lAkheNuM jainamaMdira, abhApura zivAlaya, AtarasuMbA ghuMmaTanuM svarUpa (hilAlakhAna kAchanI masjida, dhoLakA) TAMkA majidane staMbha, dhoLakA jAmI masjidane miharAba, bharUca hilAlakhAna kAchanI masjidanuM miMbara, dhoLakA jAmI marijadanA livAnanuM mukhya pravezadvAra, khaMbhAta bIbIchakI masjidanA hAlatA minArA, rAjapura, amadAvAda jAmI masjidanuM talamAna, khaMbhAta ahamadazAhanI majida, amadAvAda T 25 2 27 13 29 14 31 32 33 34 17 35 18 36 19 37 20 38

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10 vigata 40 paSTa AkRtina21 39 jAmI masjida, amadAvAda 22 40 ahamadazAhane roje, amadAvAda 23 41 bIbI jIkI masjida, rAjapura (amadAvAda) 24 42 dariyAkhAnane reje, amadAvAda 25 43 rANI siprInI masjida, amadAvAda 26 44 jAmI masjida, cAMpAnera . 45 uMmara bina ahamadanI kabara, khaMbhAta (raha karyo. 28 46 umAmahezvara, khaMbhAta aMdhakAsura vadha karatA ziva, sAraNezvara maMdira, abhApura (24 ko) ra9 47 patra lakhatA ziva (2), zivazakti maMdira, abhApura viSNu, amadAvAda vAsudeva(veNugopAla), rAjakoTa brAhmI, zivazaktimaMdira, abhApura vaiSNavI, zivazaktimaMdira, abhApura sarasvatI, khaMbhAta raktacAmuMDA, sAraNezvara, abhApura yamarAja, vaDanagara navagrahone zilpapaTTa, aDAlaja rAjimatI, Abu pArzvanAtha, vimalavasahI, Abu dAtAo, vimalavasahI, Abu sadyasnAtA, abhApura zRMgAravatI, abhApura patralekhA, abhApura veNuvAdinI, abhApura 37 64 jALI, lAkheNA jaina maMdira, abhApura sarakhejanA rojAnI vividha rUpAMkanayukta jALIo 38 66 aDAlajanI vAvano gavAkSa sIdI zahIdanI masjidanI jALI, amadAvAda kalpasUtranI hastapratanuM eka citrita pRSTha, amadAvAda 54 58

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11 traNasvIkAra phoTogrApha gujarAta rAjya purAtatva khAtu, AkRti, 22, 28-30, amadAvAda 47,48, 51, 5, 54, 60-63 bho. je. vidyAbhavana, gujarAta AkRti 49, 68 vidyAsabhA, amadAvAda AkRti 58 Do. harilAla Ara. gaudAnI, AkRti 21, 25, 26, amadAvAda 35, 42, 55, 64, 66 Do. je. pI. amIna, khaMbhAta AkRti 46, 53 Do. pravINa ci. parIkha, amadAvAda AkRti 50 (phoTogrApha) (bleka) phoTogrApha) (phoTogrApha) (bleka) A graMthamAM prakAzita thayelAM citro paikI, bhArata sarakArane tathA gujarAta rAjya sarakAranA purAtatva khAtAe potapotAnAM rakSita mArakene lagatA citro prakAzita karavAnI maMjUrI ApI che te mATe ame te te khAtAnA saujanyanI kRtajJatApUrvaka noMdha laIe chIe.

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saMkSepasUci gu. I. saM. gujarAta itihAsa saMdarbha sUci gu ai. le. gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho (saM. gi. va. AcArya) mu. pA. gujarAtanuM pATanagara : amadAvAda (le. 2. bhI. jeTa) mu. rA. sAM. che. gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa (saM. 2. cho. parIkha ane ha. gaM. zAstrI) mu. sa. I. I. yu. gujarAtane sAMskRtika itihAsa : IslAma yuga le. 2. bhI. jeTa) che. sA. saM. che. jene sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa mI. e. mIrAte ehamadI (gu. anu.) ARIE Annual Report of India Epigraphy ASWI Archaeological Survey of Western India B G. Bombay Gazetteer (Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency) C.H.I. Comprehensive History of India (Ed. by Habid & Nizami) EIAPS Epigraphia Indica, Arabic and Persian Supplement EIM Epigraphia Indo-Moslemica JBBRAS Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society INSI Journal of the Numismatic Society of India MCG Muslim Communities in Gujarat (by S. C. Misra)

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MMA NS PWMC RMPG 21 Momuments of Ahmedabad through their Inscriptions (by M. A. Chaghtai) Numismatic Supplement Catalogue of the Coins in Prince of Wales Museum of Western India (by C. R. Singhal) Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat (by S. C. Misra)

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mahattvanI zuddhio paMkti 2 13 18 8 2 ( 20 azuddha bahadurazAhe tIthIddhAra sAthe gAmanI tune Gujaeat Inscriptions Moslemika vijayasUrijI 1941 Books hatuM. tuka phojanA dolatAbAda bugadA abU rAjA mustAphrAbAda Vol, ugharAvAnI tavArIkhe mujhaphapharazAhanuM mirajhApura abula hAja kutuba gaMgAdAsa gaMgAdAsa bahAdurazAhe tIrthoddhAra sAme gAyanI nune Gujarat Inscriptionum Moslemica vijayadharmasarijI 1491 Book hato. tukI phAjanA dolatAbAda mugarA abu 2 jA mustaphAbAda Vol. III, ugharAvavAnI tavArIkha mujhapharazAhanuM 34 ka ja >> ja 8 8 ja , nA 35 mIrajhApura abUla 71 hAje kuba 18, 21 gaMgadAsa gaMgadAsa 18

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3 100 14 126 129 130 132 135 137 141 142 145 150 151 152 155 156 158 }} 169 173 pata 4 28 16 4 17 7 26 26 rA 13 15 OM 15 20 9 11 13 20 5 23 12 18 28 2 3 6 2 25 26 14 23 amruddha Kathiavad Gujarat saga khunakhAra caMgIjhakhAnanI tAbaDatADa abdurtImakhAnane dharamakA chekarInI sulatAnane pahelAM Commenteries jAsusA banAvyuM pharaMgIe pAse va Danvres Baldaens Danbers -ad fazl Beveridse abaDAn dhALa jaNAvAmAM 1302 mAka saghdhajI thAta TakI zakI zuddha Kathiawad India sagavaDa karI ApI khUnakhAra ciMgIjhakhAnanI tAbaDatAba abdurrtImakhAnane dhamaDakA chekarAtI sulatAne pahelA Commentaries jAsUse batAvyuM phira`gIo pAse dIva Danvers Baldaeus Danvers -ud Fazl Beveridge abaDAsAne dhroLa jANavAmAM 1402 mApha bhUpata sadhaLa (4) aneA dhAta TI

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173 174 14 pati azuddha 18-19 che. rAjavIne..thayo che. 104 dhrAMgadhAne kuMkAvaTI vajerAjA raNamaNa khaNa 175 179 181 182 186 191 19ra 197 200 rAva ene hAryo sthApana Gazetter gazotteer Cataloge 129 che. 104 dhAMgadhrAno kaMkAvaTI vajerAja raNamala paNa epnA putra rAva ene e hAryo sthApanA Gazetteer Gazetteer Catalogu? 239 rALa baraLa.. ...ne putra che. vadi 1 () pAyatakhtamAMnA TaMkazALanI vadi 206 217 218 Vol. 223 224 pAyatakhtAmAMnA TaMkazALAnI Vol. zAhapura zAha 2. no nAsIrUdunyAvadIna abulaphataha TaMkazALanuM enA atizaktizALA ane hi. sa. 884 mAM murkama jANAvavAmAM nideza zApUra zAha, 2. nA nAsirUnyAvaddIna abulapha TaMkazALanA enI atizaktizALI ane e hi. sa878 mAM 225 227 228 229 mukarrama 231 jaNAvavAmAM nirdeza

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pRSTha 234 238 239 kanyA 244 245 248 upara 253 254 azuddha be sikkA maLelA be sikkA amRtasa abUna stra mulkaha nAsirUdunyAvaddIna nAsirUnyAvaddIna ebUlaphaha abulaphataha gaNe traNe laka abUtrasa banasa abunnasa annatra sikkAonI sikkAonAM nAsarudunyAvaddIna nAsiranyAvaddIna sikkAomAM sikkAo nAsI nAsirU deg aba nasa abUnnasa nAsIra nAsira abuluM abula lokapriya kapriya svarUpa khapurI jaunapurI pIrANavALA pIrANuvALA raMjareja . raMgareja mahamadazAhe ahamadazAhe gujarAtane rAjakIya ane gujarAtano I. tri. i. vi. khAlasA khArasA unA : unA sadIthI e sadIthI piTugala piorTugala hasabIothI habasIothI silI silI' navasArAM navasArI 264 267 270 271 272 276 ra77 280 282 284 286

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287 ba sa Ta 8 ka ba bha Dha che azuddha sudhArA phobarsa amsara portuguses sudhArA phArbasa amsAra Portuguese 289 ejana, khaMDa 2. bhI. 2. bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 2 21 hatI 295 301 3 ? A da ra ziza gaurjara gaMgadAsa deg jAlera 302 ahipura 304 % - 305 301 307 309 2 4 ra ra hatA kAzIza gaucara ' gaMgAdAsa 0 vara ahiputra pracalita AbhASAnI * siMdhi SatriziMkA catumAsa patana ratnakAra tAja kadeg suprArdha 0 srota navarsI graMtha maLe che. vaLI......che. upAdhyaya. cArika pracalita A bhASAnI 0 saMdhi SatrizikA caturmAsa pattana ratnAkara tAjika 310. 311 supArzva ~ ~ 313 ~ tetra navarasa graMtha maLe che.25 (rada kare.) upAdhyAya cAritra" 314 ~ 315

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yu 316 317 318 319 320 323 325 328 334 335 339 340 342 343 345 349 pRti 20 21 24 27 18 14-15 29 ..? 20 13 26 } 3 29 20 20 5-6 vacce 25 19 5 23 27 28 15-16 27 azuddha anarAdhava sImadha 20 yugmadarama sa MskRta nATaka . sakRtasAgara . * jita sarvotha . sahAra maDa5 0 * vAla deg rAjakumArInA prabhudha gadya pada mAliyA . muhammahada mahammada jene . . ke arabastAnanAM Izu triSTi Muhammed Rasamala visaga paDImAtrA 0 15 mI-16 mI sadI daramyAnanA aneka ana rAdhava sImaMdhara yukSmaddamaMtdeg saMskRtamAM sukRtasAgara jina sarvA 0 O zuddha saggahara 0 maDala 0 vallabha rANInA kAnhaDade prabaMdha' nAme prabhudha 54 saliyA ke te arbaratAnanA . muhammada muhammada jemane 25. haiM. vA. neruLavara, binaratno, rR. 28,203 visa paDiyAtrA Rtu viSTi 0 O Muhammad Rasmala . 13 mI sadInA khe-traNa 15 mI-16 mI ane sadInA amuka

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pRSTha paMkita azuddha 350 bhautika 35ra thoDAnI 353 vadhu rAjAnA 354 355 bhaumitika bahudhA lekha bahudhA lagabhaga hato, kUphInI kUphInI lagabhaga hatuM, ghoDAnI daragAhanA daragAhane ThIka ThIka rAjAne nathI nathI, paNa e aba bakra bina mahamUda bina ImAIla al jauharI' che. 66)nA 66)ne bahirekhA bahira-rekhA gaNAtI. gaNAtI ane Ibid, EIAPS, abula 0 abUla deg jUnAgaDha jUnAgaDha sUdane pharyAnA pratyenI pratyenAM jalaba jabala 356 357 35. cha 359 363 14 365 369 sada karyAnA 4 ra ra ra ra = " ra >> ra ra ra ra ja * - - 373 zekhA asahabA asahAba 374 383 nikala nikAla .384 388 389 che. 124 che. vi. itihAsa zatrujaya deg jhulaNa bauddha hiMdu ukhane deg che. 126 I. vi. trivedI saMkSipta ItihAsa zatrujaya jhUlaNa 398 hiMdu 404 4 - ukhanane 0

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29 pRSTha paMkita 407 + azuddha prAptisthAna dharI 410 jevA prAptisthAna gherI tathA zrayaT: pinya 413 zayA: pakhya 415 416 417 429 jalAzayA: nAthAH 433 434 445 448 8 " & 8 48 0 ^ $ * 8 9 8 2 ja che ke 9 + + 450 452 458 461 464 464 467 470 471 47ra vimalasahInA vimalavasahInA AbhApura abhApura Astika A stika Azrama pAsenuM AbhApura abhApura majida imArato masjida masjidanI gomatIpuranA gomatIpuranI archated aruated nAkhAM nakha archated archuated Predesh Pradesh vAva taLAva ga gayA brahma brahmA abhaya varada sarpaguccha kRSNa puccha kRSNane ane nAganA ane nAgane mukhane prArthanA aMjali sAyansa komarsa alaMkArothI alaMkArathI maMgala maMgala budha (paTTa 34, A. pa7) (2da karo) sthita che. sthita che (56 34. A. pa7). 473 475 477 te ja 4 8 8 8 478 479 483

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azuddha zuddha komarsa sAyansa 492 487 499 mAthAne puruSono narasiMhajInA itihAsa pAzvAtya nAsIra mAthAno puruSone narasiMhajInI paricaya pAzcAya nAsira 500 505 508 510 511 514 520 523 phigIone phiraMgIone IrAde irAdo khaMbATTa khaMbAItta nAme 6. ahamadazAha raje ahamadazAha 2 je 7. rAva pUMje 7. rAva pUje 1 le 18. rAva pUje 18. rAva pUje 2 jo mULa 1. mULa abula 10-12 ku.mo... mIrAte ehamadI', ... 1934 bhA. 1-2, amadAvAda, 1913, 1923; "mirAte ahamadI', vo. 2, khaMDa 1-4, amadAvAda, 1933-36 badAunI badAUnI abUla 524 525 527 tran, tran. "Arabic History of Gujarat 4-5 dalAla, cimanalAla DI. dalAla,cimanalAla DA,(saMgrA.) (saMgrA) padmanAbha pAnAbha 20 I. vi.? "gujarAta vi.: gujarAta itihAsa 528

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pati pRSTha 529 530 538 azuddha zuddha de Alboquerque Dalboquerque Mediaval Medieval Pbllip Philip 1936 1976 539 541 545 Sovenir Souvenir Archaelogical Archaeological abula 60, 447 61, 449 alU 547. 14 ? ? H // ne ne Su t y // // 9 H 61 I. 548 31 550 17 551 5 para 33. 553 ImAmuddIna ImAmuddIna 23 IrAka IrAka khaMbAI khaMbAItta kubuddAnanI. 61 kubuddInanI..61,449 gadA gadA gadAmaMtrI gadAmaMtrI gadArAja gadArAja caMgIjhakhAna 129,295 (rada kare). 129 129, 295 17-18 japhara vAliha.22 (rada karo) jayasiMha suri jayasiMhasUri jainapura jainapura jadUjahArakhAna jadUjahArakhAna 29 8, 22 15-20 nAsIra nAsira pheDarika phreDarika, sIjhara 64,68,294 am abu bhANajI 157,167, bhANajI (jAma) 157 170 bhANajI 4 167 554 14 18 558 560 561

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pakti pa61 562 564 567 azuddha zuddha 168 169, 170 bhIma, 173, 174, bhIma (jhAlA), 173, 322 364, 395 174 324 324, 364 104 104, 395 makabUle Alama bhakubUleAlama aiktaka aiktika rA'kheMgAra 36,37 (rada kare.) 158 36, 37, 158 363, 330, 363, zamsa zamsa 2 jA rajA ziyANI zrI vallabhAcArya (rada karo.) 330 sIjhara 294 (rada kare.) hasImakhAna hulAmakhAna hasAmuddIna husAmuddIna 569 570 31 571 ziyANuM 573

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khaMDa 1 prAstAvika prakaraNa 1 sAghana-sAmagrI 1, phArasI-arabI tavArIkha bhAratanAM sarva rAjyamAM ItihAsa-viSayaka sAmagrInI vipulatA ane vividhatAnI bAbatamAM gujarAta enA salatanata-kAla mATe sauthI vizeSa samRddha che. I.sa. 1304thI 1573 sudhInA A kAla daramyAna rAjyavahIvaTanI bhASA phArasI ja rahI hatI. sarakArI pharamAne e bhASAmAM nIkaLatAM, sarakArI patravyavahAra e bhASAmAM thato, ane adAlatamAM paNa e ja bhASA vaparAtI. Ane laIne A gALA aMge AdhArabhUta itihAsa lakhavA mATenI sAmagrI phArasI bhASAmAM upalabdha che; kyAreka tavArIkha arabI bhASAmAM lakhAtI. e phArasI-arabI graMtha lakhanArA tavArIkhanavIso ke emanA pUrvajo kAM to arabastAnamAMthI AvyA hatA ke kAM to IrAnamAMthI, AthI emaNe itihAsa-lekhananI IrAnI paddhatine upayoga karyo hato. IrAnI ItihAsakAre darabArI itihAsa-Alekhaka hatA, zAhI takhtathI ja sAmAjika paristhitinuM mUlyAMkana karatA. potAnA AzrayadAtAne khuza karavA tarapha ja emanuM lakSya keMdrita rahetuM hatuM. emanA doSo upara DhAMkapichoDe karavAne upamA ane rUpakethI bharelI AlaMkArika, chaTAdAra ane asarakAraka bhASAne teo upayoga karatA. je kaMI teomAM sAruM jaNAtuM temAM atyuktine pAra rahe nahi. AvA ItihAsakAroe gujarAtamAM AvIne sulatAnanA darabAramAM Azraya meLavyo hato, tethI emaNe lakhelA itihAsamAM upara jaNAvelI khAsiyata uparAMta geramuslimo pratye akAraNa deza ane aNagamo thatAM rahe evuM paNa thayeluM che. sa.1

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2] [31. vAghelA rAjA karNadevanuM zAsana khatama thayuM ane gujarAtamAM islAmI sattAnA uddaya thayA te pachI sulatAna alAuddIne enA sALA maleka saMjara apakhAnane gujarAtanA prathama nAjhima tarIke nImIte e pradezane vahIvaTa karavA mATe meAkalyA. A banAvanA vigatavAra hevAla zAyara amIra khuzareA(mR.H I.sa. 1325)e enA mahAkAvya 6valarAnI-va-khijharakhAna' urphe azIkA'mAM ApelA che. emAM gujarAtanA vAdhelA rAjA karNadevanI putrI devaladevI ane sulatAna alAuddInanA putra khijhakhAna vaccenA premanI kathA che. emAM zAyare kareluM banAvanuM nirUpaNa sAva kapeAlakalpita nathI. saltanata kAla maulAnA isAmIe I.sa. 1350 mAM mAtra pAMca mahinAnA gALAmAM 'phutR -ummU-salAtIna' nAmaka mahAkAvyanI racanA pUrI karI hatI ane e pustaka eNe bahumanI vaMzanA prathama sulatAna alAuddIna bahumanazAha(I.sa. 1347- 1358)ne aNu karyuM hatuM. gujarAtanA itihAsa aMge emAM mahattvanI mAhitI che. emAM 'dhruvalarAnI-va-khijharakhAna'mAM ApelI vigata TUMkamAM ApI che. enI mahattA emAMnAM vigatavAra varNatAmAM che, jemAMthI samayaneA aMdAja maLI zake ema che. ibna tUtA (mR. : I.sa. 1377-78) nAmanA mereAkkonA mazaznara musAphara sulatAna muhammada tugalukanA samayamAM I.sa. 1733 mAM bhAratamAM Avye hateA. e lagabhaga 11 mI navembarathI 4 thI Disembara 1342 mAM karelI gujarAtanI musApharI daramyAna naMdurabAra, khaMbhAta, kAvI, gaMdhAra, pIrama beTa, dheAdhA vagere sthaLAe gayA hatA. tyAM eNe je kAMI joyeluM ane sAMbhaLeluM te '* teAhatun tudAra phrI garAI khilaansAra va ajAkhilaasaphAra' nAmanA peAtAnA daLadAra pravAsagra camAM nAMdhyu che. A pustaka 'hilA'nA nAme paNa oLakhAya che. emAM gujarAtanI sAmAjika sthiti para sArA evA prakAza pADavAmAM AvyuM che. jhiyA kharanI ( mR. I.sa. 1356) nAmaneA itihAsa-lekhaka sulatAna muhammadazAha tugaluka ane sulatAna phIrAjhazAha tugalukanA samaya daramyAna thaI gayA. eNe I.sa. 1356 mAM lakhelI 'tArIkhe phIrAjhazAhI'mAM sulatAna giyAsuddIna(I.sa. 1320 )thI mAMDIne phIrAjhazAha tugalukanA zAsana daramyAna I.sa. 1356 sudhIteA itihAsa ApyA che. emAM gujarAta aMgenA e samayanA anAvAnI vigata che. zamsa sIrAjha aphIphe jhiyA kharanInI tArIkhe phIre|jhazAhI'nA anusadhAtamAM peAtAnI tArIkhe phIrojhazAhI'nI zarUAta karI hatI. enuM lakhANa jhiyA

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sAdhanasAmagrI baranInA vakhANa karatAM vizeSa paddhatisaranuM ane eksAIbharyuM che, paraMtu emAM AzrayadAtAnI prazaMsA vizeSa che. e pustaka I.sa. 1398 pachI lakhAyuM hatuM. yahyA bina ahamada sarahiMdIe "tArIkhe mubArakazAhImAM muhammada bina sAmathI laIne I.sa. 1434 sudhI thaI gayelA dilhInA sulatAnanA hevAla Apela che. emAM gujarAtanA itihAsa aMge thoDI vigata maLe che. emAM aneka jagyAe graMthakAre banI ane zamsa sIrAjha aphIphanA itihAsamAM ApelI vigatane sudhArelI che ane emaNe adhUrI choDelI vigatane pUrI karelI che. sulatAna jhapharakhAna urphe mujhapharazAhanA zAsanane hevAla "mujhaphapharazAhI" nAmanA graMthamAM maLe che. emAM I.sa. 1391 thI mAMDI I.sa. 1411 sudhIne saMkSipta ItihAsa che. e pustakanI prata have prApya nathI, paraMtu pAchaLathI lakhAyelA ItihAsamAM emAMthI AdhAra levAyelA che. sulatAna mujhaphapharazAhanA pautra sulatAna ahamadazAhanAM kAryone hevAla enA darabArI ItihAsa-Alekhaka halavI zIrAjhIe enA masanavI kAvya "tArIkhe ahamadazAhImAM Apela che ane emAM e sAthe majakUra sulatAna mujhapharazAha vizenI vigata paNa Ave che. e pustaka hAla upalabdha nathI.' sulatAna mahamUdazAha begaDAnA samayamAM sulatAnanA itihAsa vize ghaNA graMtha lakhAyA hatA ema jaNAya che. abdulahusena nUnIe lakhelI maAsire mahamUdazAhI'mAM gujarAtanA sulatAnane itihAsa che. mahamUdazAha begaDAnA pharamAnathI eNe e lakhI hatI. emAM gujarAtanA sulatAne vizene, I.sa. 1391 mAM jhapharakhAna gujarAtane sUbo nimAyA tyArathI mAMDIne I.sa. 1486 sudhIne, vigatavAra hevAla che. kartAe mAhitI meLavavA mATe sarakArI daphatarone vizeSa upayoga karyo hoya evuM jaNAya che. samakAlIna banAvone hevAla eNe pote je kAMI joyeluM athavA temAM bhAga lenArAo pAsethI je kAMI sAMbhaLeluM tenA upara AdhArita che. keTalIka bAbatamAM eNe pAra vinAnI ayukti karelI che. bIjA eka "maAsire mahamUdazAhI" nAmanA itihAsanI prata prApya che, paraMtu emAM enA kartAnuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM nathI. enA vize mAtra eTaluM ja jANavA maLe che ke e sulatAna mahamUdazAha begaDAnA AzramamAM raheto hato ane eNe enA pharamAnathI A graMthanI racanA karI hatI. e hi. sa. 930 (I.sa. 153)mAM hayAta hovAnuM jaNAya che. A graMthane racanAra, gulajhAre abusaranA kartA muhammada gausInA kathana mujaba, zamsaddIna muhammada jhIraka hate

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satanata kAla A "maAsire mahamUdazAhImAM sulatAna mahamUdazAha begaDAnA zAsananA chellA be dAyakAono itihAsa che e jotAM ene lUnInA "maAsire mahamUdazAhInA anusaMdhAnarUpa lekhI zakAya abdulakarIma bina atAullAnImadihIe mahamUdazAha begaDAnA pharamAnathI 'tabakAte mahamUdazAhI' graMtha lakhyo hato, e graMtha kartAnA nAma parathI "tabakAte abdula karIma' nAmathI paNa oLakhAya che. graMthane kartA bahamanI sulatAna mahamUda 2 jAne elacIra hato. eNe sRSTinA sarjanathI mAMDIne I.sa. 1500 sudhIne islAmI rAjyone ahevAla Apela che. gujarAta aMgenI mAhitI chellA tabakkA(prakaraNa)mAM ane khAtimA(puravaNa)mAM Ave che. emAM eNe ApelI vigata samakAlIna heI AdhArabhUta gaNAya. pAchaLathI lakhAyelA ItihAsamAM enA AdhAra levAmAM AvelA che te carcAspada bAbato aMge lekhake pitAnA abhiprAya TAkelA che. A pustakanI be hataprata prApya che. tabakata" lakhAyAnA be varasa pachI "tArIkhe saddha jahAna" nAmathI oLakhAtA graMtha pheylAha bimbAnIe lakhyuM hatuM. ene racanAra sadra jahAna gujarAtI" nAmathI vadhu vikhyAta che. e pustaka "tArIkhe mahamUdazAhI' nAmathI paNa oLakhAya che. emAM hiMdustAnanI tavArIkhanI aMdara ApelI gujarAtanI tavArIkhamAM sulatAna mahamUda begaDAnA zAsananI Isa. 1501nI sAla sudhInI vigata che. vigatamAM banAvonI mAtra rUparekhA che, chatAM gujarAtanI salatanata aMgenI je mAhitI che te AdhArabhUta che, kAraNa ke kartA ane enA pUrvajo gujarAtanI saltanata sAthe saMkaLAyelA rahetA hatA. enI mAtra eka ja pUrNa prata prApya che. "tArIkhe salAtIne gujarAtane lekhaka zaraphuddIna muhammada bukhArI enA kAlane eka mahAna vidvAna hato ane sulatAna mujhaphapharazAha 2 jAnI nokarImAM hato. enuM avasAna I.sa. 1515mAM thayuM hatuM. eNe pustakane traNa tabakkA(vibhAga ke prakaraNa)mAM vaheceluM che. pahelAmAM jhapharakhAnanA janma(I.sa. 134ra)thI mAMDIne enA avasAna (I.sa. 1411) sudhIne, bIjAmAM ahamadazAha 1 lAnI takhtanazInI (I.sa. 1411)thI mAMDI sulatAna dAUdakhAnane takhta uparathI uThADI mUkavAmAM Avyo (I.sa. 1458) tyAM sudhIno, ane trIjAmAM sulatAna mahamUdazAha begaDAnI takhtanazInI (I.sa. 1458)thI mAMDI enA avasAna (I.sa. 1511) sudhIne ItihAsa che. A mAhitI enA dabAcAmAM ApavAmAM AvI che. e graMthanI mAtra je eka prata prApya che temAM te mAtra chello vibhAga che. emAM noMdhelA ghaNAkharA banAvAno lekhaka jAte sAkSI hatA,

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sAdhana-sAmagrI 'tArIkhe mujhaphpharazAhI'mAM mujhaphphpharazAha 2 jAnA zAsana(I.sa. 1511-1526) daramyAnanA itihAsa che. enA kartAnuM pUruM nAma mIra saiyada alI kAzAnI hatu. e darabArI itihAsa-lekhaka hatA ane kavi paNa hatA. 'tArIkhe mujhaphpharazAhI'nA lakhANanA ardhA bhAga kartAnI ke bIjA kavionI kAvya-paktiethI bharelA che. sulatAna mujhaphpharazAha 2 jAe mALavAnuM pAyatakhta mAMDU I.sa. 1517 mAM chatI sulatAna mahamUda khalajI (ra jA)ne parata karyuM hatuM ene vigatavAra hevAla emAM che. je kAMI eNe jAte joyeluM athavA banAvAmAM bhAga lenArAo pAsethI sAMbhaLelu' te upara eNe sAmagrI mATe AdhAra rAkhyo hatA. je divasa, mahinA, sAla, ane je sthaLe banAvA banelA teonA nirdeza sAthe e banAvane eNe varNavelA che. ema jaNAya che ke majakUra caDAImAM e sulatAna sAthe mALavA gayA hatA ane enA pharamAna mujaba saMbhALapUrvaka eNe nAMdhA rAkhI hatI ane e AdhAre hevAla taiyAra karyA hatA. sutAnanI prazaMsA karavA bAbatamAM emAM pAra vinAnI atyukti che. 1 3] [pa . husAmakhAna gujarAtInI 'tArIkhe bahAdurazAhI'mAM dilhI saltanatathI mAMDIne sulatAna bahAdurazAhanA zAsana ( I.sa. 152 6-1537) nA aMta sudhInA itihAsanA athavA echAmAM echu I.sa. 1533 sudhInA itihAsane samAveza karavAmAM Avela che. 'mite sikaMdarI 'e enA dhaNA upayAga karyo che, je hAjI uddIre e pustakanA ullekha 'takhakAte bahAdurazAhI tathA kartAnA nAma uparathI ' tabakAte husAmakhAnI ' nAmeAthI paNa karelA che. enI eka paNa prata prApya nathI, paraMtu emAMnAM vipula avataraNa enA pachI racAyelA mite sika darI', ' jhakvAliha '. ' tabakAte akabarI' vagere itihAsAmAM maLe che, ' * * gaMja AnI ' nAmanA eka masanavI kAvyane racanAra zAyara sutI I.sa. 1531 nI lagabhaga makkAthI dIva AvyA hatA ane sulatAna baha!durazAhane maLyA hatA. e kAvyamAM sulatAna bahAdurazAhe mALavA jItI laIne gujarAtamAM bheLavI dIdhuM eneA tathA bRhadurazAhe porTugIjha para vijaya meLavye| e vize ullekha che. sulatAna bahAdurazAhanA samayanA ekamAtra prApya hevAla tarIke enuM mahattva vizeSa che. " 'tArIkhe ibrAhImI' yA 'tavArIkhe humAyU' nAmanA itihAsa-graMthamAM bhAratane sAmAnya itihAsa che. emAM jhapharakhAna nAjhima tarIke I.sa. 1390 mAM gujarAtamAM Avye tyArathI mAMDIne sulatAna mahamUdazAha 2 jAnA samaya eTale ke I.sa. 1537 sudhIteA TUMka hevAla che. ArAmazAha kazmIrI nAmanA eka lekhake ' tAkatusAdAta ' nAmanA graMtha

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saltanata kAla sulatAna mahamUdazAha 3 jA (I.sa. 1537-1555) nA rAjya-amalanA AraMbhamAM saiyada mubAraka bukhArI mATe ro hatA. e graMtha aprApya che. tArIkhe salAtIne gujarAta" nAmane eka ItihAsaviSayaka saMkSipta graMtha saiyada mahamUda bina munavvarumulka bukhArIe lakhyo hato. emAM sulatAna ahamadazAha 1 lAnI takhtanazInIthI mAMDI sulatAna mujhaphUpharazAha 3 jAne takhta uparathI khaseDI devAmAM AvyuM tyAM sudhI Trake hevAla che. tArIkhe mujhapharazAhI'(trIjI)mAM sulatAna bahAdurazAhanA zAsanathI zarU karIne gujarAtanA chelalA sulatAnanA zAsananA aMta eTale ke mughala zahenazAha akabare gujarAta upara caDAI karI ene potAnI zahenazAhatamAM samAvI dIdhuM tyAMsudhIne vigatavAra hevAla che. mIra abU turAba valI(mR. I.sa. 1595)e "tArIkhe gujarAta' nAmane eka mahatvano graMtha lakhela che. hi. sa. 972 (I.sa. 15ra 5) nA banAvothI mAMDIne mughala sAme sulatAna mujhapharazAha 3 jAe baLavo pokAryo tyAMsudhInI vigata emAM Ave che. zahenazAha akabare paDe gujarAtamAM AvI e pradezane pitAnI zahenazAhatamAM samAvI dIdhe e varNana eNe vigatavAra ApeluM che. eka bAjue bahAdurazAha ane humAyU vacce ane bIjI bAjue bahAdurazAha ane porTugIjha vacce je jaMga jAmyA tenA abhyAsa mATe e ghaNo kiMmatI graMtha che. emAM sarakArI daphatarone ThIka upayoga karela che. mughala kAla daramyAna lakhAyelA abUlaphajhalaskRta 'Aine akabarI," nijhAmudIna ahamada bakSInI "tabakAte akabarI,' muhammada kAsima phiritA-racita "tArIkhe phiriztA" vagere tathA e pachI lakhAyelA aneka itihAsamAM bhAratanA sAmAnya ItihAsanI sAthe prAdezika rAjyanA itihAsamAM gujarAtanA saltanata kAlanA itihAsanI vattA-ochA pramANamAM vigata maLe che. mughala kAlamAM gujarAtamAM lakhAyela nIcenA graMthomAM gujarAtano itihAsa samagrapaNe maLe che, jemAM prastuta sahatanata kAlanA itihAsano paNa samAveza thAya che. emAMno eka "mirUAte sikaMdarI' che, je sikaMdara bina muhammada urphe bhakhUe I.sa. 1612 mAM lakhyuM hatuM. 'mirUAtano artha ArasI thAya che, ane "sikaMdarI" enA kartA sikaMdaranA nAma uparathI che. graMthakartA enA, dIbAcAmAM jaNAve che ke "tArIkhe mujhaphapharazAhI", "tArIkhe ahamadazAhI " tArIkhe mahamUdazAhI', "tArIkhe bahAdurazAhI " vagere ItihAsonAM nAma je

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1 lu) sAdhana-sAmagrI samayamAM e lakhAyelA e samayanA sulatAnanAM nAmo uparathI rAkhavAmAM Avela che. e teonA racanArAoe bheTasogAdanI AzAthI ja lakhelA che, tethI moTe bhAge emAM prazaMsA ja che. sulatAnanA ItihAsamAM emanAM sArAM kRtyanuM ja varNana karavuM ane emane eba lAge tevAM kRtya gupta rAkhavAM e ThIka nathI, tethI meM "mirUAte sikaMdarI e uddezathI lakhI che ke jema ArasI keInI paNa tarapheNa karyA vinA AbehUba pratimA pradarzita kare che tema sikaMdaranI banAvelI A ArasImAM sulatAe karelAM sArAnarasAM kRtyono citAra jovA maLe che. emAM gujarAtanI saltanatanI sthApanAthI mAMDIne I.sa. 1591 mAM mujhaphapharazAha 3 jAne karuNa aMjAma Avyo tyAM sudhI saLaMga ane vistRta ItihAsa che. emAMno Isa. 1554 sudhIno hevAla majakUra ItihAsanA AdhAre lakhele che. e pachI hevAla pramANamAM vadhu vigatavAra che. kartAnA pitA ane bhAI gujarAtI amIronA lazkarI amaladAra hatA tethI teo pAsethI A viSayamAM ene sArI evI samakAlIna mAhitI jANavA maLI hatI. kartA pite paNa e samayanI rAjakhaTapaTamAM rasapUrvaka bhAga leto hoI amuka nedhelA banAvono jAte sAkSI hato. salatanata kAlanA rAjakIya sAMskRtika tathA sAhityika itihAsa mATe A pustaka ghaNuM mahattvanuM che. arabI bhASAmAM "jhapharuluvAliha be-mukkrara va Aliha" nAme ItihAsa abdulAha muhammada bina umara almakakkI urphe hAjI u6 dabIra nAmane vidvAne I.sa. 1605-1613 daramyAna racyo hato. graMthakartAne janma to thayo hato makkAmAM, paraMtu pATaNa amadAvAda ane khAnadezamAM judA judA amIrAne tyAM eNe nokarI karI hatI temaja enuM vyaktitva viziSTa prakAranuM hatuM tethI e samayanI vizvAsapAtra vigata enA itihAsamAMthI maLe che. husAmakhAnanI tArIkhe bahAdurazAhI nI vigata AgaLa calAvavAne ene khAsa uddeza hato. samakAlIna banAvo mATe eNe je kAMI joyeluM ane emAM bhAga lenArAo pAsethI sAMbhaLeluM te upara AdhAra rAkhela che. enA pUrvajemAMnA keTalAkane saMbaMdha gujarAtanA sulatAno sAthe gADha hato tethI enA itihAsamAM keTalAka evA banAvonuM varNana che, je "mirUAta sikaMdarImAM paNa nathI. vizeSamAM eNe gujarAtanAM baMdaramAM porTugIjhee upasthita karelA bhayane AbehUba hevAla Ape che, jemAM turko porTugIjha ane gujarAtIo vacce tripakSI jhapAjhapI thayelI tene samAveza thAya che.

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saltanata kAla jhapharulavAliha" bhAratanI tamAma IslAmI saltanane akabaranA samaya sudhIne ItihAsa che. e daLadAra graMtha lagabhaga traNa sadI sudhI aprApya rahelo te chevaTe IsavI sadInA AraMbhamAM prakAzamAM Avyo hato. e graMthamAMthI gujarAtanAM pATaNa ane amadAvAda jevAM mukhya zaheramAM cAlatI, khAsa karIne muslima paraMparAnAM zikSaNa ane vidyAprakAranI, pravRttio vize sAruM evuM jANavA maLe che. jhapharuluvAliha pachI lagabhaga doDha varSa bAda mIjha muhammada hasana urphe alI muhammadakhAne "miraAte ahamadI" lakhI hatI. gujarAtanA saltanata kAlanA itihAsa mATe " mite sikaMdarImAMthI eNe sAra lIdhela che. A uparAMta mALavA ane dakhaNanAM prAdezika rAjyonA samakAlIna ItihAsagraMthamAMthI temaja videzI pravAsagraMthamAMthI paNa gujarAtanI satanatane lagatI bIjI bAju darzAvatI sAmagrI maLe che. 2. arabI-phArasI zilAlekho ane sikkAo gujarAtanA satanata-kAlanA itihAsa mATe muslima tavArIkhanI jema arabI-phArasI zilAlekho tathA sikkA paNa mahatvanI sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. (a) zilAlekho: gujarAtanA arabIphArasI bhASAnA lekhene gujarAtanA ItihAsa mATe joIe te upayoga thayo nathI. I.sa. 1889mAM bhAvanagara rAjyanA purAtatva khAtA taraphathI saurASTranA arabI-phArasI lekhano eka nAne saMgraha Corpus Inscriptionum Bhavanagari nAme temaja I.sa. 1942 nA arasAmAM Do. muhammada abdullAha aghatAI-kRta amadAvAda zaheranA zuleta1121 248 Muslim Monuments of Ahmedabad through their Inscriptions nAme bahAra paDyo hato. taduparAMta bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa taraphathI amadAvAda khaMbhAta dhoLakA pATaNa ane bharUca jevAM zaheranA amuka abhilekha enA vArSika hevAlamAM pragaTa thayA hatA, paNa teonA pAThonI zuddhio pratye kAMI khAsa dhyAna apAyuM na hatuM. chellA beeka dasakAmAM bhAratIya purAtatva khAtAnI I.sa. 1946mAM sthapAyelI arabI-phArasI abhilekhonI zAkhA taraphathI gujarAta rAjyanA judA judA bhAgomAM rahelA seMkaDo navA temaja pahelAM noMdhAyelA abhilekha vaMcAI bhAratIya abhilekhavidyAnA vArSika ahevAlamAM seMdhAI cUkyA che. AmAM 11 mI sadInA kahevAtA, amadAvAdavALA, eka lekhane bAda karatAM 12 mI sadInA lagabhaga

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1luM sAdhana-sAmagrI : aeka Dajhana lekha kaccha jillAnA bhadrezvara gAmamAM che. 13 mI sadInA lagabhaga 20 lekha ane 14 mI sadInA lagabhaga 90 lekha che, jyAre gujarAtanI saltanatane kAlanA eTale ke 15 mI ane 16 mI sadInA anukrame 140 ane 90 lekhene samAveza thAya che. A lekhanI eka viziSTatA e che ke moTA bhAganA lekhamAM rAjavIonI pUrI vaMzAvaLI ApavAmAM AvI che, je bhAratanA bIjA bhAganA lekhamAM bhAgye ja jovA maLe che. tavArIkhamAM jemane nirdeza thaye che te rAjakulanI vyaktio ane amIronAM paNa kAryasthaLa padavI temaja nizcita samayanI mAhitI bahudhA lekho parathI ja maLI zake che, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa satata kAlanA ochAmAM ochA be Dajhaneka jeTalA navA amIra athavA karmacArIonAM nAma A lekhamAM sacavAyAM che, je parathI emanAM kAryasthaLa ane samaya paNa jaNAI Ave che. uparAMta amIrAnA kharA nAmoccAra mATe paNa A lekhe upayogI che. e ja pramANe A lekho parathI rAjya-praNAlI vagere vize kAMI khyAla ApatA amuka haddA (emanA khara nAmeccAra sAthe jovA maLe che. dA.ta. musarTipha, hAjIe daragAha, kUraege maimanA, kota8)vAla, jAmadAre khAsa, zahanAbeka, khAjhine mamAlika, Arijha mamAlika, nadIma vagere. vaLI ItihAsamAM gujarAta salatanatanI rAjya-sImAo vize je mAhitI maLe che tenuM samarthana karatA. balake A sImAo nizcita karavAmAM kAMI madadarUpa thaI paDe tevA, lekha rAjasthAnamAM jAlera ane sAMcora temaja mahArASTramAM naMdarabAra ane bhAmera gAmamAM mahamUda begaDA, mujhaphaphara 2 jA temaja bahAduranA samayane prApta thayA che, e ja pramANe gAmo ane kasabAonA navA nAmakaraNanI prathA AjanI jema e samaye paNa pracalita hatI e A lekhe parathI paNa pratIta thAya che. vizeSa karIne mahamUda 1 lA (begaDA)nA samayamAM A prathA vadhu apanAvAI hatI ema jaNAya che. jUnAgaDha ane cAMpAneranA anukrame "mustaphAbAda" ane "muhammadAbAda" nAmakaraNanI mAhitI te itihAsanAM pustakamAM paNa upalabdha che, paNa mALiyA miyANAnuM nAma "rasUlAbAda ane vaLI dAhanuM nAma "mahamUdanagara" rAkhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM e to mAtra tyAM maLI AvelA lekhe parathI ja jANavA maLe che. A lekhamAM AvatI je bIjI mAhitI sAdhAraNa rIte samakAlIna itihAsanAM pustakamAM jovAmAM AvatI nathI te rAjyavahIvaTanA bIjAM amuka kSetro saMbaMdhI hoI mahatvapUrNa gaNAya. saltanata kAlanAM rAjya-pharamAne pharamAne

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* 10] saltanata phAla [tra. vagerenA rUpamAM Aja sudhI maLyAM nathI, paNa AvAM pharamAna dharAvatA thADA lekha prApta thayA che, jenA pI e samayanI kara-paddhati, Ama janatAnI sthiti tathA emane thatI koI prakAranI agavaDa musIbata satAmaNI vagere, vepArIo tathA musAphane paDatI takalIpho ane e bAbata rAjya taraphathI levAtA upAye ke evI vividha bAbatenI gheADIvraNI .mAhitI maLe che. AvAM pharamAnemAM amuka kAma pAsethI levAtA lagnaverAnI nAbUdI, murdArakazI(marelA jAnavarane laI javA para verA)nI manA, sarakArI pravAse ke e rIte AvelA aphasarA mATe khATalA vagere udharAvavAnI prathAnI badhI vagere ullekhanIya che. Ave eka mahattvana lekha mujhaphphara 2 jAnA samayanA khaMbhAta khAte maLI Avela che. sulekhana-kalAnI dRSTie gujarAtanA zilAlekha ghaNA agatyanA che. amuka te| A kalAnA utkRSTa namUnA pUrA pADe che. theADA aNuprIthA sulekhanakArAnAM nAma paNa A lekhomAM sacavAyAM che. I.sa. 16mI sadInA eka lekhamAM prAcIna urdUnA namUnA maLI Ave che, je bhASAnA itihAsa mATe agatyanA lekhAyA che. e ja pramANe itihAsamAM na ullekhAyelAM tevAM--malekazAkhAna ane bAI harIranAM udyAnA jevAM--khIjA kSetraNa udyAneAnA lekha paNa prApta thayA che. rANI sarAI(jene 'rANI samarAI' ane 'rANI siprI' paNa lakhavAmAM Ave che)nI jema rANI hIrabAIe amadAvAda khAte hi.sa. 922(I.sa. 1516-17)mAM masjida baMdhAvI hatI, jene lekha mA(manthA)nI masjidamAM maLyo hatA. e pramANe ahamada 2jAnA samayamAM rAjamAtAe banAvelI masjidanA lekha paNa maLyo che. e uparAMta bIjA khAnadAnAnI strIonA paNa masjida udyAna vagere badhAvavA vizenA chaeka lekha prApya che. zilpa-sthApatyanA abhyAsa mATe A lekhAnI agatya che ja. bharUcanA hi. sa. 821(I.sa. 1418 )nA eka lekha parathI gujarAtamAM ' sura sana' pracalita heAvAnuM jANavA maLe che. gujarAtanA mujhaphphara 2 jAne gujarAtamAM peAtAnA nAma parathI peAtAnAM rAjyava darzAvavAnu mAna jAya che. enA lekhAmAM hijarI sana sAthe (enA khitAba zammuddIna parathI) " zamsiyyA varSoM "ne prayAga maLe che. AvAM zaksiyyA varSa 2, 4, 6, 12 ane 14 nA lekha khaMbhAta amadAvAda saMkheDA ane hiMmatanagara khAte maLI AvyA che. k ,, TUMkamAM, itihAsanAM vividha pAsAMo mATe A abhilekhAmAM sArI evI pramANita sAmagrI maLI Ave che; eTaluM ja nahi, paNa arabI-phArasI hastapratamAM

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1 3] sAdhana-sAmagrI lahiyAo dvArA thayelI nAma tArIkha vagerenI :bhUleAthI aitihAsika sAdhana tarIke tenuM sthAna saMgraha tema sUci prakAzita thayAM che.7 UMcuM che. (11 A lekhe mukta hAI A abhilekheAnA keTalAka (A) sikkA----gujarAtanA cauda sulatAneAmAMthI bAra sulatAneAnA sikkA atyAra sudhI prApta thayA che. je be sulatAnAnA sikkA maLyA nathI te muhammada 1 lA (I.sa. 1403) ane dAUda (I.sa. 1458) che. A rAjAoe peAtAnA sikkA paDAvyA jarUra haze ane bhaviSyamAM maLI AvavAnI pUrI vakI che. emanA rAjyakAla TUMkA heAvAthI sikkA paDAyA nahi hoya evuM anumAna aitihAsika dRSTie ThIka na lekhAya, kemake ' sikkA' e muslima rAjAone khutbA ' sAthe abAdhita ane ati mahattvane haka hAI rAjyAreAhaNa sAthe ja sikkA paDAvavAnuM kAryAM paheluM hAthamAM levAtuM. sulatAna sikaMdara(I.sa. 1525)nA sikkA, enA rAjya-amala phUMke| hAvA chatAM, theADA samaya pahelAM maLI AvyA che. 1 sikkA paranA lakhANamAM sulatAnanuM vyaktitva vyakta thAya che. zilAlekhAnI jema, bhAratanA-dilhInA ke prAdezika rAjyAnA-islAmI sikkAonI AkhI hAramALAmAM mAtra gujarAtanA sikkA rAjAnI pUrI vaMzAvaLI ApatuM lakhANa dharAve che. gujarAtanA ahamada 1lA ane rajo, mahamUda 1 le! (megaDe!) ane bahAdura ema cAra sulatAnAnA sikkAomAM emanI pUrI vaMzAvaLI ApavAmAM AvI che. evI khIjI viziSTatA A sikkAnA padma-lakhANanI che. ahIM paNa bhAratanA prAg-mudhalakAlIna sikkAomAM pahelavahelAM mAtra gujarAtanA sulatAnAnA sikkAomAM phArasI padyamAM lakhANa jovAmAM Ave che. padmanuM lakhANa mAtra muhammada 2 jo ane bahAduranA sikkAomAM apanAvavAmAM AvyuM che. bahAdurazAhanA sikkAe paranA lakhANamAM eNe mudhala bAdazAha humAyU'sAthe bAtha bhIDI peAtAne bhArata-samrATa kahevaDAvyA hatA ene ullekha che. e ja pramANe gadya-lakhANa parathI amuka sulatAnAnA potAnA rAjyAdhikAra vizenA vicArAne saheja khyAla Ave che. ahamada rjAnA sikkAomAM enA nAma sAthe ' khalIphA 'te ullekha thayA nathI, paNa enA rAjyane 'khilAphata'nA nAme oLakhAvAyu che. sulatAnAmAM mahamUda 1 lA (megaDA )nA rAjyAdhikAranA varSamAM zarUAtanA tAMbAnA sikkAomAM enA ' khalIphA ' tarIke ullekha che, je parathI eNe khalIphA haiAvAnA dAvA karyAM hatA ema jaNAya che. sAthe sAthe ema paNa lAge che ke eNe A dAvA tarata ja mUkI dIdhA hatA, kemake pAchaLanA sikkAomAM * khalIphA 'nA khitAba maLatA nathI.

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. 12] [tra. gujarAtanA sikkAomAM varSe lagabhaga niyamita rUpe temaja TaMkazALa~sthAna kAI kAI vakhate jovA maLe che. varSa sAdhAraNa rIte AMkaDAomAM apAyuM hAya che, paNa mahamUda 1 lA(megaDA)nA hi. sa. 870(I.sa. 1465-66 )thI hi.sa. 879(I.sa. 1474-75)nA eka dasakAnA eka khAsa jAtanA sikkAemAM varSanA nirdeza akhI zabdomAM thayA che e noMdhapAtra che. saltanata kAle A sikkA parathI gujarAtamAM AvelI TaMkazALonA kaIka khyAla maLI rahe che. atyAra sudhI prApya sikkA parathI ema jaNAya che ke ahamadanagara (hAlanuM hiMmatanagara) zahare humAyU'nA upanAmathI, cAMpAnera 'zahare mukara`ma muhammadAbAda'nA upanAmathI, jUnAgaDha (meTA bhAganA sikkAemAM ' zahere muajhjhama 'nA upanAmathI ), amadAvAda ( ' zahere Ajhama 'nA upanAmathI), burahAnapura (hAla madhyapradezamAM), deAlatAbAda (vaDAdarA) ane dIva khAte TaMkazALA hatI. 3. sa`skRta-prAkRta ane jUnI gujarAtImAM lakhAyelI itihAsa|payAgI kRtio gujarAtamAM ane gujarAta vize racAyelA prabaMdhAtmaka sAhityamAM jeenuM sthAna viziSTa gaNAya tevA graMthA-merUtuMgAcArya-kRta 'prabaMdhaci tAmaNi'(I.sa. 1305), rAjazekharasUriSkRta 'prabaMdhakoza' (Isa. 1349) ane jinabhadrasuri-kRta 'vividhatI kalpa' (I.sa. 1333 mAM samApta) muslima sattAnI sthApanA thayA pachI turatamAM racAyA che. ratnamaMdiragaNikRta ' upadezataraMgiNI ' (I.sa. 1461 AsapAsa), zubhazIlagaNi-kRta 'prabaMdha paMcazatI' athavA 'kathAke za'(I,sa. 1453), seAmadhama kRta upadezasaptati' Adi e pachInI racanA che. khAjuM paNa e prakAranuM vipula sAhitya che, paNa muslima hakUmatanI sthApanA pachInI mahattvanI rAjakIya hakIkatA emAM bhAgyeja Ave che. prastuta kAlakhaMDanI aitihAsika dhaTanAone eka athavA khIjI rIte varNavatA ke ene prastuta karatA, saMskRta-prAkRta sAhityamAM, aneka graMtha jANItA che. ...badevasUriSkRta 'samarArAsa' (I.sa. 1315) jUnI gujarAtImAM AvI eka ghaTanA varNave che. alAuddIna khalajInA pATaNanA sUbA alpakhAte zatruMjaya uparanA prasiddha jaina tIsthAnaneA dhvaMsa karyAM hatA. pATaNanA dhanika osavALa vaNika samarAzAhe alpakhAnane samajAvI, enI paravAnagI meLavI e tInA dhiAra karyA hatA, ane e nimitte pATaNathI moTA saMdha laI e zatru Mjaya gayA hatA. AnuM vigatAthI bharapUra varNana 'samarArAsa'mAM che. e prasaMgane keMdramAM

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1 luL sAdhana sAmagrI pis rAkhIne samarAzAha ane enA pUrvajono vRttAMta kaccharita "zatruMjayatIthIddhAra prabaMdha" (je Isa. 1336mAM samApta thayo hata) nAme saMskRta graMthamAM apAyo che. zatruMjaya-tIrthanA uddhAranA AkhA prasaMgamAM, samarAzAhanA eka Asa dharmAcArya tarIke kakkasUrie sAre bhAga bhajavyo haI graMthagata varNana aneka rIte pramANabhUta che. emAM samarAzAhanA pUrvajone tathA ene potAne paNa vistRta vRttAMta che. lagabhaga A samayanI eka mahattvanI kRti Thakkura pherata prAkRta drivya-parIkSA 8 che. e samaye bhAratanA judA judA pradezamAM pracalita nAnAmoTA vividha sikkAone paricaya, enAM vajana vagerenI sUkSama vigata sAthe, phee emAM Apyo che. emAM gujarAtanA sikkAo tathA gujarAtamAM pracalita sikkAonI vigato che. evI ja bIjI agatyanI racanA zrIdharAcArya-kRta gaNitasAra' upara rAjakIti mizrane gujarAtI bAlAvabedha (I.sa. 1393) che. madhyakAlIna gujarAtanAM tola, mA5 ane nANAM vize anyatra ekasAthe nathI maLatI tevI mAhitI e koIkerUpe Ape che. salatanata kAlanAM hiMdu rAjyamAM IDaranA rAThoDenuM, jUnAgaDhanA cUDAsamAonuM ane cAMpAneranA khIcI cauhANonuM--e traNa rAjya sauthI agragaNya che. IDaranA rAjakavi zrIdhara vyAse pitAnA rAjA raNamalanA vIratvanI prazaritamAM avahaDhamizrita gujarAtImAM racelo "raNamala chaMda" (I.sa. 1400 AsapAsa) IDara keMdrIya sattA sAthe potAnI svataMtratA jALavavA je parAkrama karyuM tene vIratvapUrNa pavADe che. cAMpAnera ane jUnAgaDha rAjyonI jAhejalAlInuM varNana karatI be saMskRta racanA maLI che te A be rAjyo mATe ja nahi, paNa gujarAtanA ekaMdara rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa mATe ghaNI rasaprada che. A be kRti te gaMgadAsapratApavilAsa nATaka (I.sa. 1449 AsapAsa) ane maMDalIka mahAkAvya' (I.sa. 1460 AsapAsa) che. A baMnene kartA gaMgAdhara nAme karNATakI kavi che. dvArakAnI yAtrA karI, amadAvAdanA sulatAnanA darabAramAM thaIne e cAMpAnera Avyo hato. cAMpAneranA rAjA gaMgadAsa ane amadAvAdanA sulatAna muhammada 2 jA vaccenA vigrahanuM ane muhammadanI pIchehaThanuM varNana karatuM nava akenuM nATaka eNe gaMgadAsanI AjJAthI ramyuM hatuM ane cAMpAneramAM mahAkAlInA maMdiranA sabhAgRhamAM e bhajavAyuM hatuM. A muslima amala daramyAna gujarAtanA hiMdu jIvana upara aneka dRSTie prakAza pADatuM nATaka che. 30 zlokamAM kareluM cAMpAneranuM vigatavAra varNana purAtattvanI dRSTie khUba agatyanuM che. A nATaka

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[.. sanata phAla 14] bhajavavA mATe naTo karNATakathI AvyA hatA evA emAMnA ullekha mahattvanA che ane prAcIna kAlathI cAlatA AvelA gujarAta ane karNATaka vaccenA sAMskRtika saMparkanA sAtatyane sUcaka che. gaMgAdhara kavi tA uparyukta nATakanI racanA karyAM pachI keTaleka samaye jUnAgaDha jaIne rahyo hAya ema jaNAya che, kemake jUnAgaDhanA chellA hiMdu rAjA maMDalIkanA jIvanane lagatuM dasa sarvAMnuM 'maMDalIka mahAkAvya' eNe tyAra pachI racyuM hatu.. mahamUda begaDAe jUnAgaDhane I.sa. 1472 mAM amadAvAdanI saltanatamAM bheLavI dIdhuM hatuM, paNa A kAvya enAthI gheADAM va pahelAM, maMDalIkanA rAjavanA madhyAhna cAlatA hatA tyAre, racAyuM hatuM. itihAsa ane saMskRti taiya mATe A mahAkAvya amUlya che. grAharipunA vaMzamAM thayelA A mAMDalIka chellA rAjA hatA, gaMgAdhare enA pUrvajonI je vaMzAvaLI ApI che te khIjA sAdhane sAthe sarakhAvavA jevI che. saurASTramAM e kAle je khIjA rAjavaMza hatA temAMnA keTalAkanI hakIkata paNa A kAvyamAMthI maLe che. maMDalIkanI rANIo, saMbaMdhIe temaja khIjA vyaktivizeSe| vize paNa ' ma'DalIka mahAkAvya' ghaNI navI hakIkata Ape che. cUDAsamA ke yAdava vaMza ochAmAM ochAM pAMcase| varSa sudhI jUnAgaDhamAM rAjya karatA hatA, enA itihAsanAM sAdhaneAmAM 'maMDalIka mahAkAvya'nuM sthAna ajoDa che. A samayanI eka mahattvanI aitihAsika sa MskRta racanA te mahamUda begaDAnAM parAkramA ane samRddhi vavatu', udayarAjakRta 'rAjavineAda mahAkAvya' (I.sa. 1462 ane 1469nI vacce) che. dhArmika kaTTaratA mATe prasiddha mahamUda begaDAe uyarAja jevA hiMdu paMDitane peAtAnA darabArI kavi tarIke rAkhyA e paNa noMdhapAtra che. prayAgadAsanA putra ane rAmadAsanA ziSya uyarAje mahamUdanI prazaMsA karatAM ene mahAna parAkramI, pratApI, ane hiMdu dharmanA rakSaka tarIke varNanmyA che. kartAe AA kRtine 'rAjavinAda' nAma ApyuM che e sa MbhavataH sUcaka che. itivRttamUlaka kAvya karatAM vizeSa te e vizuddha sAhityika vinAda che. 6 jAleAranA rAjakavi padmanAbha-kRta jUnI gujarAtInA kAvya kAnhaDade praba'dha'mAM alAuddInanA AkramaNanuM varNana hAI prasaMga seAlakI kAlanA aMtaneA che, paNa sAmAjika sthitinuM nirUpaNa kavinA samayanuM che e spaSTa che. e nirUpaNu eTaluM vaividhyapUrNa ane vigatabharapUra che ke prastuta kAlanA abhyAsa mATe kAnhaDade prabaMdha' eka agatyanA sAdhanagraMtha gaNAya che. e ja rIte lAvaNyasamaya-kRta gujarAtI kAvya vimalaprabaMdha' (I.sa. 1512) sAlakI kAlanA rAjA bhImadeva 1 lAnA maMtrI vimalazAhanuM para parAgata caritra varNave che, paNu emAMnuM samAja-darzana samakAlIna

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1 luM] sAdhana sAmagrI sAMskRtika adhyayana mATe upayogI che. A baMne kRtio sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya tevI aitihAsika racanA amRtakala-kRta " hammIraprabaMdha" (I.sa. 1518) che. emAM tathA nayacaMdrasUrikRta saMskRta "hammIramahAkAvya" (I.sa. 1384 AsapAsa) mAM raNathaMbheranA parAkramI rAjA hammIranuM caritra AlekhAyeluM che, chatAM gujarAtanA ItihAsa sAthe sabaMdha dharAvatI keTalIka prAsaMgika bAbate AmAMthI maLe che ane tatkAlIna samAjanA abhyAsa mATe to baMne mUlyavAna che. pratiSThAma-kRta saMrakRta sema saubhAgya kAvya" (I.sa 1498)mAM vikhyAta jaina AcArya somasuMdarasUrinI jIvanakathA nirUpita heI tatkAlIna gujarAtanA sAmAjika ane dhArmika jIvana mATe e kAvya agatyanuM che. prastuta kAlakhaMDamAM e samayanI gujarAtI bhASAmAM aneka aitihAsika jaina rAsa racAyelA che.11 e rAse bahudhA keI AcArya sAdhu ke sAdhvI vize athavA emanA jIvananA koI prasaMga para hoya che, kavacita kaI viziSTa ane prabhAvazALI gRhastha vize paNa rAsanI racanA thaI che. A rAse mAtra jaina samAjanI nahi, paNa tatkAlIna gujarAtanI dhArmika ane sAmAjika sthiti upara anekavidha prakAza pADe che. vyaktigata AcAryuM ke guruo vize nAnakaDAM stavana ke phAguo paNa racAyelAM che. nAnAmeTAM jaina tIrthonuM varNana karatI ke ene vRttAMta AlekhatI aneka nAnImeTI kRtio maLe che. AcArya maheMdraprabhe (mR.: I.sa. 1388) raceluM "tIrthamAlA" prakaraNa vividha jaina tIrthone aitihAsika ke paraMparAgata vRttAMta Alekhe che. agAu jene ullekha karyo che te jinaprabhasUri-kRta "vividhatIrthakalpa' eka prakAranI tIrthamAlA ja che. janI tIrthamAlAo ke caityaparipATIe ke keTalAka saMgraha paNa pragaTa thayA che. 3 keTalAMka viziSTa nagaro vizenI maitya-paripATIo te te nagaranA itihAsa mATe paNa kAmanI che. jene judA judA gacchonI guru-paraMparA varNavatI gurnAvalIo ke padAvalIo paNa dhArmika-sAmAjika ItihAsa mATe tathA emAM saMgRhIta prakIrNa chatAM rasaprada mAhitI mATe noMdhapAtra che. muni suMdarasUrikRta "murnAvalI" (I.sa. 1410) ane jUnI gujarAtImAM racAyela ajJAtakartaka "vIravaMzAvalI" (I.sa. 1750) uparAMta saMskRta ane gujarAtImAM aneka nAnImoTI paDhAvalIo upalabdha che. A paTTAvalIomAM vividha ghaTanAonAM varSone ulekha vipula pramANamAM thayela che e vastu ApaNuM aitihAsika sAdhanamAM khUba mahattvanI che,

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saltanata kAla AvuM ja mahatva rAjavaMzAvalionuM che. raMgavijaye "gurjaradezabhUpAvalI - (I.sa. 1809)mAM pitAnA samaya sudhInI gujarAtanI rAjavaMzAvalIo ApI che. vaLI graMthabhaMDAromAM chUTaka hastalikhita pAnAMrUpe sacavAyelI aneka vaMzAvalIo maLe che teomAM ulikhita sAlavArI tathA prAsaMgika hakIkato dvArA prastuta kAlanA rAjakIya itihAsa upara sAro prakAza paDe che.14 gujarAtanI vividha jJAtionAM jJAtipurANa muslima rAjyasattAnI sthApanA pachI racAyelAM heI ApaNA abhyAsapAtra kAla mATe kAmanAM che. emAM apAyela vRttAMta Anuzrutika tathA paurANika kathanarItithI raMgAyelA hovA chatAM je kAlamAM jJAtibhedane guNAkAra thaye jato hato te kAlanI sAmAjika sthitinA abhyAsa mATe e mUlyavAna sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. 15 graMthakAronI prazastio tathA hastalikhita graMthanA lahiyAonI puSikAo vaDe rAjakIya sAmAjika ane sAhityika itihAsa upara sAre prakAza paDe che. salatanata-kAlamAM upalabdha hastapratonI saMkhyAnI, agAunI tulanAe, vipulatA heI prazasti-pupikA Adi sAmagrInuM paNa vaipulya che. A sAmagrI viprakIrNa svarUpanI hovA chatAM khUba rasaprada ane upayogI che. kemake je te samayanA samAja ane saMskRtinAM aneka pAsAM upara e prakAza pADe che. vividha jJAtio, peTAjJAti, paMtha, gaccho ane kuTuMbanA sAmAjika ane dhArmika itihAsa vize bIjA sAdhanAmAMthI bhAgye ja maLe tevI mAhitI Ape che, tathA sthaLanAmanA abhyAsa mATe te kharekhara amUlya che. A sivAya bIjA eka prakAranuM aitihAsika sAdhana che dastAvejo. solaMkI kAlanA dastAvejo lekha paddhatimAM saMgharAyA che, paNa samakAlIna dastAvejonI pratyakSa upalabdhi A kAlakhaMDamAM ja thAya che. 16 dastAvejomAM tatkAlIna rAjA uparAMta sthAnika rAjyAdhikArIone ullekha hoya che ane je grAma yA nagaramAM dastAveja lakhAyo hoya tyAMnI sthiti uparAMta dainika ane vyAvahArika jIvananI nAnI-meTI aneka vigatonI e noMdha le che. muslima sattAnI sthApanA pachI kacerIonuM ekaMdare kAma phArasImAM cAlavA chatAM gujarAtImAM lakhAyelA dastAvejo noMdhAtA ane agAunI paraMparAne anusarIne kavacita saMskRta dastAvejo paNa maMjUra rakhAtA ane beMdhAtA.17 itihAsa uparAMta bhASA ane zabdaprayoganI dRSTie paNa A dastAvejo abhyAsapAtra che.

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sAdhanasAmagrI [17 bIjuM keTaluMka sAhitya A samaya upara prakAza pADe che. mANikayasuMdara sarikata varNa pradhAna gadya kAvya pRthvIcaMdracarita' (I.sa. 14rara) ane anAtakartAka varNakasamuccaya AdimAM saMgrahIta vividha vaNake bhautika jIvananAM aneka aMga samajavAmAM upayogI che. hIrANuMdasUriskRta "kalikAla-rAsa" ane "kalikAla- batrIsI' (I.sa. 1428 AsapAsa) tathA saMvegasuMdaraskRta "sAra-zikhAmaNa rAsa (I.sa. 1492) jevI racanAo samakAlIna paristhiti ane mAnyatAonuM pratibiMba pADe che. gaNapatinata "mAdhavAnalakAmakaMdalAprabaMdha' (I.sa. 1516) paraMparAgata laukikathA upara AdhArita kAvya-kRti hovA chatAM emAMnI tAdaza ane vipula varNana-samRddhinA kAraNe samakAlIna samAjanuM jANe ke darpaNa banI jAya che. 4. saMskRta-gujarAtI abhilekho IslAmI smArakane lagatA abhilekha arabI-phArasImAM che, paraMtu maMdiro vAvo vagerene lagatA abhilekha saMskRtamAM athavA saMskRta-gujarAtImAM che. saltanata kAlanA abhilekhamAM lagabhaga traNaso jeTalA saMskRta ane saMskRtagujarAtI zilAlekha maLyA che, tuM jyAre pratimAlekhonI saMkhyA te lagabhaga cetrIsa jeTalI thAya che. 19 A AMkaDA prasiddha thayelA abhilekhonA che. aprasiddha rahelA abhilekha ghaNA che, khAsa karIne pratimAlekhe tathA pALiyAleba. zilAlekhomAMnA ghaNA lekha zilA-phalaka ane pALiyA para ane ceDA lekha zilAtaMbha para kotarelA che. pratimAlekhomAM ghaNuM lekha dhAtupratimAo para ane thoDA lekha pASANapratimAo para kotarAyA che. zilAphalaka para kotarelA abhilekha sAmAnyataH maMdira vAva kUvA taLAva vagere sthaLoethI maLe che. emAM moTe bhAge devAla vApIo kapa vagere pUrta. kAryonA nirmANanI ke devAlayonA jIrNoddhAranI hakIkata noMdhavAmAM AvI hoya che. AmAMnA keTalAka abhilekho parathI te te kAlanA hiMdu ke muslima rAjAo, rAjyanA adhikArIo, AkramaNo ItyAdi rAjakIya hakIkata vize paNa keTalIka AnuSaMgika mAhitI prApta thAya che. pUrNa kAryonI nimaNane lagatA abhilekhomAMnA keTalAka vApI-nirmANane lagatA che. emAM mAMgaroLa(seraTha)ne vi.saM. 1375 ne, mahuvAne vi.saM.1437ne, prabhAsapATaNane vi.saM. 144ra ne, dhoLakAne vi.saM. 1866 ne, tArApura(tA. khaMbhAta) ne vi.saM. 1518 ne, khaMbhAtane vi.saM. 1539 ne, aDAlajane vi.saM. . sa. 2

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18] saltanata kAla 1555no, amadAvAdane vi.saM. 1556 ne ane mANasAne vi.saM. 1582ne zilAlekha jevA aneka abhilekha noMdhapAtra che. kayAreka kUvA taLAva ane dharma, zALAnA nimaNane lagatA lekha kotarAyA che. keTalAka zilAlekhomAM bhUmidAnanI hakIkata paNa ApelI che, jemake dhAmaLejanA vi. saM. 1437(I.sa. 1381)nA abhilekhamAM vAjA vaMzanA rAjAe brAhmaNone medhapura nAme aprahAranuM dAna dIdhAnuM jaNAvyuM che. 21 kayAreka vaSasana, rasAyaNo (rasAla pINu), svAdiSTha bhojane tathA suMdara vAsaNonA dAnanI hakIkata paNa seMdhAI che22 pALiyA sAmAnya rIte taLAvanI pALe, gAmanA pAdare ke yuddhabhUminI AsapAsa UbhA karelA hoya che. e moTe bhAge yuddha karatAM karatAM, gAmanuM rakSaNa karatAM ke gAmanI vahAre dhAtAM vIragati pAmyA hoya tevA yoddhAonI yAdagIrI darzAve che ke enA paranA lekhamAM e ghaTanAne tathA enA samayane nirdeza karI e vIra puruSanAM nAma tathA kuLa noMdhavAmAM Ave che. keTalIka vAra AvI ddhAnI pAchaLa enI patnI satI thatI ne enI yAdagIrImAM e satIne pALiye paNa karavAmAM Avato. e pALa paranA lekhamAM e satInuM nAma, enA patinuM nAma vagere hakIkta satI thayAnA samayanirdeza sAthe jaNAvavAmAM Ave che. pratibhA-lekho ghaNuM karIne maMdiramAM rahelI pratimAonI besaNI para ke kayAreka pITha para kotarela hoya che. A kAlanA pratimA-lekhamAMnA ghaNA lekhe jaina pratimAo para katarelA che. emAMnA ghaNA lekha Abu zatruMjaya giranAra pAvAgaDha tAraMgA vagere parvata para jaina maMdiramAM maLyA che. pratibhA-lekhomAM pratiSThAnA samayanirdeza uparAMta pratiSThita tIrthakaranuM nAma, pratiSThA karAvanAranAM nAma kula jJAti parivAra vagere, pratiSThA karAvavAne hetu, pratiSThA karanAra sUrinAM nAma ane guru gacacha vagere vigata beMdhavAmAM Ave che. A abhilekho parathI tatkAlIna rAjakIya itihAsane ugI keTalIka AnuSaMgika mAhitI maLe che. khAsa karIne te te devAlaya-nirmANa pratimA-pratiSThA ane vApInirmANa jevI noMdhapAtra dhArmika pravRttio vize jANavA maLe che ja. ene lagatI vigate parathI e kAlanAM jJAtio gaLo vyaktio sthaLanAmo manuSyanA ityAdi vividha sAmAjika-sAMskRtika bAbatone lagatI keTalIka vigata upalabdha thAya che. ghaNAkharA abhilekhAmAM samayanirdeza karelo hoI e parathI A kAlanI kAlagaNanA-paddhatine khyAla Ave che. A kAlanA sarve saMskRta abhilomAM

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sAdhana-sAmagrI zie karelA samayanirdezamAM vikrama saMvatanuM varSa ApyuM hoya che. emAM mukhya paddhati kArtikAdi varSanI ane amAMta mAsanI pracalita hatI, chatAM hAlAramAM kArtikAdine badale ASADhAdi varSa pracalita hevAnuM saMbhave che. kyAMka vikrama saMvatanA varSanI sAthe "bhAva"; "vikrama" "prajApati" ane sAdhAraNa" jevA saMvatsaranuM nAma paNa ApavAmAM Ave che. A saMvatsare uttara bhAratanI paddhati pramANenA sATha bArhaspatya saMvatsarInA cakra pramANe baMdha bese che. mahamUda begaDAnA samayanA dAhoda abhilekhamAM islAmI bAMdhakAmane lagatA viSaya hovAthI vikrama saMvata ane zaka saMvata uparAMta hijarI sana Apela che. A kAlanA ghaNuM abhilokha zuddha saMskRta bhASAmAM lakhAyA che. emAM keTalIka suMdara prazastione samAveza thAya che, jemake paMDita vizvezvare lakhelI e varSanI mahuvA-prazasti,23 nAgara dvija kavi zyAmale racelI vi.saM. 1477 (I.sa. 1417)nI jUnAgaDha-prazasti, 24 aDAlajanI vAvane lagatI vi.saM. 1555 (I.sa. 1499)nI prazasti 5 ane zatru jaya para kamarAje karAvelA saptama uddhArane lagatI vi.saM. 1587(I.sa. 1532)nI prazasti A A prazastio moTe bhAge pUrta kAryonA nimaNane lagatI hoya che. A kAlanA keTalAka abhilekha pUrepUrA paghabaddha che, keTalAka gadyapadyanuM mizraNa dharAve che, te ghaNA lekha sAdA gadyamAM lakhAyA che. pALiyA paranA lekho tathA pratimAlekhamAM viSayanI rajUAta sAdA gadyamAM thaI hoya che. keTalAka pALiyA-lekhomAM saMskRta racanA-zailInI aMdara tatkAlIna gujarAtI bhASAnA prayoga jovA maLe che, to keTalAka lekhAmAM pahelAM miti vagere saMskRtamAM ApIne pachIne bhAga gujarAtImAM ApavAmAM Avyo hoya che. 28 A abhilekho parathI tatkAlIna bhASAnI jema tatkAlIna lipinuM svarUpa paNa jANavA maLe che. saMkhyAnA aMka sAmAnya rIte aMka-cihno dvArA darzAvAtA, paraMtu haracanAmAM ene badale zabda-saMketa prayojAtA,ra9 jidavAmUlIya tathA upaSmAnIya cihnone prayoga lupta-prAya thayo che. "ane lepa darzAvavA mATe avagrahanuM citra prajAtuM.' Ama saMskRta abhilekho parathI A kAlanAM lipi, bhASA, kAlagaNanA, dhArmika pravRttio, samakAlIna zAsako, yAdagAra ghaTanAo ityAdi vize ThIka ThIka mAhitI prApta thAya che.

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saltanata kAla 5. phiraMgI lakhANe mahamUda begaDAnA samayathI phiraMgIoe gujarAtamAM pagapesAro karyo hato ne bahAdurazAhanA samayamAM dIvamAM killo bAMdhyo hato, AthI gujarAtanI rAjAnA itihAsamAM e kAlanA phiraMgIonI ne upayogI nIvaDe che. dakSiNa bhAratamAM kAcIna vagere sthaLoe I.sa. 1500-1517 daramyAna vahIvaTa karatA phiraMgI amaladAra bArabosAe vatana pAchA pharatAM hiMdI mahAsAgaranA kinArA para AvelA deze ane enA loko vize mAhitI Apato pravAsagraMtha lakhyuM hatuM. eNe mahamUda begaDAnA uttarAdhikArI mujhaphara ra jAnA samayamAM I. sa. 1515 nA arasAmAM gujarAtanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI, AthI enA pravAsagraMthamAM gujarAtanI saltanata, enI vastI ane lekanI hunnarakaLAo, teonA rItarivAja, gujarAtanAM zahero ane baMdarone vepAra ane samRddhi vagere vize ThIka ThIka mAhitI ApelI che. baMdaramAM rAMdera ane dIva vize eNe khAsa mAhitI ApI che. phiraMgI sarakAre hiMdanAM phiraMgI mathakAnA vahIvaTa mATe 1509 mAM ephada-Abukarkane su nImele ane eNe 1515 sudhI sUbAgIrI saMbhALelI. e daramyAna phiraMgI rAjAne lakhelA badhA asala patra ane havAle enA mRtyu (1515) bAda enA putra bAjha-da-Abukarka ekatrita karyo ne eno saMgraha graMtharUpe prasiddha karyo. emAM phiraMgIo ane gujarAtanI saltanata vaccenA rAjakIya saMbaMdha vize ghaNI kiMmatI ane samakAlIna sAmagrI sAMpaDe che. Abukarka 1514 mAM gujarAtanA sulatAna pAse mokalelA elacImaMDaLanI kAmagIrIne emAM vigatavAra vRttAMta Ape che. vaLI emAM gujarAtano vizALa dariyAkinAro, enAM mahattvanAM kAphalA-mathake ane tyAMnA mazahUra khalAsIo vize rasaprada mAhitI ApavAmAM AvI che. AbukarkanI sUbAgIrI daramyAna enA saciva tarIke 1512 mAM hiMda AvelA gempare ahIM cheka 1550 sudhI kAmagIrI bajAvelI. eNe 1497 thI 1550 sudhInA hiMdanA phiraMgI ItihAsa vize mAhitIpUrNa graMtha lakhyo che. emAMnA ghaNuM banAva eNe jAte joyA hatA ne keTalAka banAvamAM sIdhe sakriya bhAga lIdhe hate. Abukarka 1514 mAM mujhaphaphara rajA pAse mokalelA elacImaMDaLanI kAmagIrI vize temaja 1531mAM e samayanA phiraMgI sUbA tuneda- kunhAe dIva para mekalelA naukAdaLanI kAmagIrI vize gespara ghaNo lAMbo ane

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1C) sAdhana-sAmagrI [21 vigatavAra vRttAMta Ape che. dIvane mATe phiraMgIo ane gujarAtanI satata vacce cAlelA lAMbA vigrahanuM phiraMgI khyAna jaNAvavAmAM geparane gaMdha AMkhe dIThA hevAla tarIke ghaNo upayogI nIvaDyo che. 1, purAvastukIya sAdhane A kAlanAM sthApatyakIya smArakomAM keTalAMka navanirmita devAlayo temaja jIrNoddhAra pAmelAM keTalAMka jatAM devAlayanA saMskArita tathA abhivardhita aMza khAsa neMdhapAtra che. emAM keTalAMka jaina maMdirone paNa samAveza thAya che. A kAlanAM sthApatyakIya smArakAmAM devAlayo tathA jinAlayo uparAMta aneka majida daragAha rojA kabara IdagAhane umero thAya che. emAM khaMbhAta dhoLakA mAMgaroLa(soraTha) amadAvAda sarakheja cAMpAnera vagere sthaLonI masjide gaNanApAtra che. masjidanA sthApatyakIya svarUpamAM gujarAtamAM keTalAMka viziSTa lakSaNa ghaDAyAM. evI rIte A kAlamAM keTalAMka navAM nagara baMdhAyAM, khAsa karIne jUnAM nagaronI bAjumAM, jemake ahamadAbAda(amadAvAda) mahamUdAbAda(mahemadAvAda) ane muhammadAbAda(cAMpAnera). madhyakAlIna nagara racanAnI daSTie A navAM nagaranI racanA abhyAsa karavAlAyaka che. enA killA buraja ane daravAjA paNa avalekanIya che. laukika sthApatyamAM e uparAMta keTalAka suMdara vAvo kUvA taLAva upavana vagerenuM paNa nirmANa thayuM; jema ke aDAlajanI vAva, kAMkariyA taLAva (hAje kuba) ane mahemadAbAnuM bhammariyo kUvA sAthenuM AhukhAnA (mRgopavana). hiMdu tathA jaina maMdiramAM pratimAo tathA Itara zilpakRtio dvArA zilpakalAnuM kheDANa cAlu rahyuM, paraMtu selaMkI kAlanI sarakhAmaNIe emAM e kAlanAM vaLatAM pANI varatAya che. islAmI sthApatyamAM zilpakalAne avakAza dhaNo sImita rahyo, paraMtu e sImita kSetramAM phUlavelanI temaja bhaumitika AkRtio kaMDAravAmAM vividha ane bArIka nakzIkAmanuM kauzala khIlyuM. A kAlanI citrakalAmAM bhiticinA namUnA javalle maLe che, paraMtu hastalikhita pratamAM AlekhAyelAM laghucitromAM pazcimI bhAratanI viziSTa kalAzailI jovA maLe che. saltanata kAlanA sikkAomAM prAcIna kAlanA sikkAo para aMkita thatI evI vividha AkRtio jovA maLatI nathI, paraMtu AkAra mApa dhAtu vagerenuM vaividhya temaja emAM mudrAMkita thatA lakhANamAM sulekhanakalAnI zailIonuM vaividhya neMdhapAtra gaNAya.

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22) saltanata kAla mi. A kAlanAM ghaNuM nagara cAlu vastIvALAM che. keTalAMka verAna sthaLoe satanata kAlanAM khaMDeronA avazeSa prApta thayA che, paraMtu jema A kAlanA cAMpAneranA nagara-AjananuM sthaLatapAsa tathA ukhanana dvArA vigatavAra anveSaNa thayuM che tema A kAlanAM anya nagaronuM ukhanana dvArA vigatavAra anaveSaNa bhAgyeja thayuM che. pAdaTIpa 1. dA. ta. "mirAte sivArI mAM. 2. S. A. I. Tirmizi, Some Aspects of Medieval Gujaeat (Delhi, 1968) 3. jevA ke, "mirAte sivara ", "nakuvA munnara 2 ga'i, tamAre mArI" ane "tArI kiriztA"mAM. 4, hAjI uddabIra, juvA ive munnara va mA"i, bhAga 1, pR. 100 5. pro. muhammada ibrAhIma dAranA mata anusAra A pustaka lagabhaga I.sa. 1594 -44 Hi emily' og' M Dar, Mirat-i Sikandari: Its date of composition,' Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 1948, pp. 159 ff. 6. dA. ta. "mamAsire mahamudrANI, "tajAte avavarI", "mirajhAtu mamAjhi', "riyAnurrazA', "mana-jhullA zira mana-huM vAri-zani rAzira' vagere 9. &l.d. Corpus Inscriptions Bhavanagari, Epigraphia IndoMoslemika, Epigraphia Indica : Arabic and Persian Supplement, Annual Report on Indian Epigraphy nAM judAM judAM varSonA riporTa vagere. 8, rAjasthAna purAtana graMthamALAmAM prakAzita, phe-kRta vana-parIkSA Adi graMthe sAthe vya-varIkSA paNa chapAyela che. vya-parIkSAmAM racanAvarSa nathI, paNuM ranI anya kRtio paikI yugapradhAna-catuti I.sa. 1281mAM tathA vAstuHIR, ratnasAra ane vaMtikAra I.sa. 1316 mAM racAI che, vaLI dilhInA zrImALI zeTha capatie I.sa. 1324 mAM zatruMjayane saMgha kADhavyo hato emAM phera sAmela thayA hatA. 9. bho. ja. sAMDesarA, madhyakAlIna gujarAtanA tolamApa ane nANAM vize keTalIka mAhitI'. bAramuM gujarAtI sAhitya saMmelana nibaMdhasaMgraha, amadAvAda, 1976. qun ayol "Weights, Measures and Coinage of Mediaeval Gujarat", Journal of the Numismatic Society of India, Vol. VIII, pp. 138 ff.

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1 lu] sAdhanasAmagrI [23 10. cAMpAneranA killAne ghere ghAlIne muslima sainya paDeluM che te vakhate gherAyelA cAMpAnerano nakazo paTa upara sulatAnane samajAvavAmAM Ave che e prasaMgamAM A varNana prastuta thayuM che e ghaNuM noMdhapAtra che. 11. udAharaNa tarIke A prakAranA rAsAonA prakAzita saMgraha mATe jue jinavijayajI, jaina tihAsi% gurjara kAvyasaMgara'; agaracaMda nAhaTA ane bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, "tihAsi* jaina vAvyasaMgraha'; vijayasUrijI, ItihAsa rAsamaMda', bhAga 1 thI 3; vivAvijayajI, tihAsika rAsamaMtra, bhAga 4. 12. udAharaNa tarIke jue, mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM paDelA bhayaMkara dukALa vakhate eka varSa sudhI annadAna karanAra khemA dedarANuM athavA khemA haDAliyAnI dAnazaratA varNavato, I.sa. 1985 mAM racAyelo, lakSmIna-kRta "amAM dukAsTiyAno rAsa', vijayadharmasUri-saMpAdita, "tihAsika rAyasaMgra', bhAga 1, pR. 62-72. 13. udAharaNa tarIke juo vijayadharmasUrijI, prAcIna tIrthamAAsaMda. 14. udAharaNa tarIke juo bho. ja. sAMDesarA, "gujarAtanA madhyakAlIna itihAsanI keTalIka sAdhana-sAmagrI', phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAnuM vaimAsika, 5, 6, pR. 212228, jemAM cAra rAjavaMzAvalIo tathA etihAsika sAlavArI ApatA anya patro rajU thayA che. 15. jJAtipurANo vizenI muddAsara saMkSipta mAhitI mATe, juo kanaiyAlAla bhAIzaMkara dave, gujarAtanAM jJAtipurANa ane tIrtha mAhAbhyo." 14. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, "gujarAtanAM jUnAM khatapatro ane dastAvejo, graMtha ane graMthakAra, pustaka 6, pR. 4-13 17. I.sa. 1407nA saMskRta gRhavikrayapatra mATe juo gujarAta saMzAdhana maMDaLanuM vaimAsika, pu. 11, pR. 9091. vaLI I.sa. 1941 nA saMskRta visaMgapatra (vahecaNI dastAveja) ane I.sa. 1576nA gRhavikrayapAtra mATe juo purAtatva", 5. 4, aMka 1, pR. 9. 18. I. vi. trivedI, gu. i. saM., naM. 4, lekha 1 thI ra4. maitraka kAlanA abhilekha lagabhaga doDhase jeTalA maLelA che, emAM ghaNuMkharA tAmrapatro para kotarelAM dAnazAsana-rUpe che (juo pra. ci. parIkha, gujarAta ItihAsa saMdarbhasUci, khaMDa 2, lekha 25 thI 166). selaMkI kAlanA abhilekha aDhIso jeTalA maLelA che, jemAM base jeTalA zilAlekha che (ejana, lekha 198 thI 429 ). 19. i. vi. trivedI, gu. I. saM, khaMDa pa, lekha 1 thI 3373. solaMkI kAlanA chasosAta jeTalA pratimAlekha prApta thayA che. (juo na. A, AcArya, gu. I. , khaMDa 3, lekha 1 thI 668.).

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saltanata kAla mi. 20. i. vi. trivedI, gujarAtanA muslimakAlIna saMskRta abhilekhamAMthI maLatI mAhitI', pR. 259 thI 292 21. Diskalkar, Inscriptions of Kathiawad, No. 39 daSTAMto mATe juo che. vi. divedI, uparyuMkata, pR. 24-251. 22. ejana, 5 ra51 23. Diskalkar, op. cit., No. 39 38. Ibid., No. 68 25. hariprasAda zAstrI, aDAlajanI vAvane zilAlekha, buddhiprakAza, varSa 14, pR. 19-23 24. Diskalkar, ibid., No. 95 27. Ibid, Nos. 37, 60, 16, 85 28. Ibid., Nos. 88, 90, 98, 101, 102 29. Ibid, Nos. 49, 69, 75, 76, 95 30. jhApha-selaMkI kAlamAM AvuM kaI cihna bhAgyeja prajAtuM ane agAu zabdo vacce khAlI jagA rAkhavAmAM AvatI nahi, AthI artha saMdigdha rahe, jemake yulesamartha = (1) yu samartha athavA (2) yusamartha 31, ene aMgrejI anuvAda The Books of Dudrte Barbosa tarIke prasiddha thayo che. 32. enA aMgrejI anuvAdanuM zIrSaka che? Commentaries of the Great Alfonso Dalboquerque. 33. enuM zIrSaka che : Lendas da ndla

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prakaraNa 2 dilhI saltanatanA amala nIce - 1. khalajI saltanatanA amala nIce sulatAna alAuddIna khalajI dilhInA sulatAna alAuddIna khalajIe gujarAta chatI tyAM nAjhimanI nimaNuka karI. aNahilavADa pATaNa, je hiMdu rAjAonuM paraMparAgata pATanagara hatuM te, musalamAna nAjhimenA pAyatakhta tarIke hi. sa. 814 (I.sa. 1411) sudhI cAluM rahyuM. muslima lekhako e zaherane "naharavAlA kahetA. alapakhAna (lagabhaga I.sa. 1304-1315) | gujarAtanI aMtima chata pachI sulatAna alAuddIna khalajIe enA sALA maleka saMjara, jene eNe takhtanazInI samaye bharAyelA darabAramAM "a85khAna(bahAdura)ne khitAba enAyata karyo hato, tenI nimaNUka gujarAtanA vahIvaTa mATe nAjhima tarIke karI (lagabhaga I.sa. 1304).1 sulatAna maleka nAyaba kArane dakSiNa bhArata jItavA mokalyo tyAre alpakhAne enI bAgalANane lagatI kAmagIrI saMbhALI lIdhI ne bagalANathI devagiri cAlI jatI devaLadevIne pakaDI laI aNahilavADa lAvI tyAMthI dilhI ravAnA karI (I.sa. 1308). hi.sa. 709 (I.sa. 1309)mAM alpakhAne gohilavADa tathA saijapura ane rANapura jItI lIdhAM. alpakhAna eka dIrdhadaSTivALo ane kuzaLa vahIvaTakartA hatA. zAMtinA samayamAM e pradezanI samRddhi vadhAravA upara pitAnuM dhyAna kendrita karato. ene imArato bAMdhavAno zokha hato. aNahilavADa pATaNamAM eNe vividha makAne uparAMta sapheda ArasapahANanI eka AlIzAna ane vizALa masjida baMdhAvI hatI, je AdInA masjida' (zukravAranI masjida) nAmathI oLakhAtI hatI. sAmAnya rIte e kAlanA muslima zAsake hiMdu maMdirone nAza karavAmAM pitAnI majahabI pharaja adA thayelI gaNatA hatA, paraMtu alpakhAna anya dharmo pratye

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26] (ma. sahiSNu hatA. e bAbatane samarthana ApateA eka banAva vi.saM. 1369(I.sa. 1312-13)mAM banyA hatA. tukI' phaoNjanAH sainikoe zatru Mjaya pahADa upara jaina madirA paikInuM mukhya madira teADI nAkhyuM hatu. ane emAMnI mUrti khaMDita karI hatI,pa tethI jaina lekAne dhaNuM manadu:kha thayuM hatuM. alpakhAna. nA samayamAM ahilavADa pATaNanA osavALa jJAtinA samarAzAha nAme sama jaina vepArInI vinaMtIthI apakhAne vinA vilaMbe enI marAmata karavAnI paravAnagI ApI ane emAM vAparavA mATe hIrAthI bharelI peTI paNu emane ApI. vi. saM. 1371(I.sa. 1314-15)mAM e derAsaranI marAmata pUrI thaI. alpakhAte kaDIneA kille| kALajIpUrvaka baMdhAvyA hatA.* hi sa. 715 (I. sa. 1315)nA aMta-bhAgamAM sulatAna alAuddIne alpakhAnane dilhI khelAvI lIdhA. tethI e peAtAnA nAyaba nImI e dilhI cAlyo gayA. tyAM maleka kAphUratI bhaMbheraNI chatAM sulatAna alAuddIne apakhAnanI hatyA karavA ke ene kAMI karavA inakAra karyAM tethI pAchaLathI maleka kAkure bahAra jaI enuM khUna kayu.cha AvI rIte eka mutsaddI bahAdura ane anubhavI nAjhimanA jIvananA aMta Avye . kamAluddIna guga (I.sa. 1316) apamAnanuM khUna thayAnA samAcAra gujarAtamAM pahoMcatAMveMta enA samaka lagabhaga tamAma zAhI amaladArA ane sainikA uzkerATamAM AvI gayA ane emaNe baLavA karyAM, AthI sulatAne e dabAvavA amIra maleka kamAluddIna gu te gujarAtanA nAjhima nImI meAkalyo, baLavAkheArAe ene mArI nAkhyA, tyArapachI baLavAe gaMbhIra svarUpa pakaDayu. e arasAmAM sulatAna jalaMdaranA rogane laIne hi. sa. 716(I.sa. 1316)mAM gujarI gayA. sulatAna zihAbuddIna khalajI ane mumArazAhe khalajI sa sattAdhArI banI kheThelA maleka nAyaba kAphUre e samaye sulatAnanA ziSAkhuddIna umara nAmanA bALa zAhajAdAne takhta upara besADayo ne rAjarakSaka banI zAsananI lagAma peAtAne hastaka lIdhI. e pachI thADA mahinAmAM maleka nAyaba kAranuM abhIrAme khUna karAvyuM ane saue ekamata thaI zAhajAdA mubArakakhAnane kedamAMthI mukta karIne enA nAnA bhAI zihAbuddIna umaranA rAjarakSaka nImyA, para'tu eeka mAsamAM ja peAtAnuM sthAna surakSita nahi lAgatAM mubArakakhAne zihAmuddInane padabhraSTa karyAM ane e peAte ja 'kutbuddIna mubArakazAha' khitAba dhAraNa karI sulatAna banyA (i.sa 1316-17). saltanata kAla

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2 juo. dilhI saltanatanA amala nIce enu muka mulatAnI (i.sa. 1316-17) pitAnI takhtanazInA samaye gujarAtamAM baLavAnuM vAtAvaraNa cAlu hatuM te dabAvavA sulatAne enuluM muka mulatAnI nAmanA amIrane eka baLavAna lakara sAthe tyAM mokalyo. e eka anubhavI saradAra hato. eNe eka kuzaLa ane kuTila rAjanItinI rIte kArya AraMbha karyo ane pradezamAM dareka prakAranI phrisAdane aMta ANye. e pachI e A pradezamAM ja rahyo. sulatAne ene dilhI belAvI laIenuM bahumAna karyuM. maleka dInAra jhapharakhAna (I.sa. 1317) enA sthAne sulatAne pitAnA sasarA maleka dInArane "jhakarakhAna (phattehakhAna)ne khitAba enAyata karI gujarAtane nAjhima nImI mokalyo. e eka kAryadakSa vahIvaTakartA hatA. traNathI cAra mahinAnA gALAmAM ene suMdara vahIvaTane laIne pradezamAM zAMti prasarI gaI ene ainumulkanI vyavasthAno pUro phAyado maLyo. hiMdu rAjAo ane rAjapUta ThAkoro pAsethI nANuM vasUla karIne malaka dInAre zAhI khajAnA mATe dilhI pahoMcatuM karyuM. maleka dInAre AvI suMdara kAmagIrI bajAvI hovA chatAM ene gujarAtanA nAjhima tarIke cha mahinAthI vadhAre vakhata cAlu rahevA devAmAM Avyo nahi. alpakhAnanI mAphaka e paNa eka kAvatarAno bhoga banyo. 1* dharma parivartana karIne muslima banelo pATaNane bharavADa jJAtine hasana nAmane eka khUbasUrata zamsa sulatAnane mAnIte banI salAhakAra thaI gayuM hatuM. sulatAne ene "khusarokhAnane khitAba enAyata karI vajIra banAvyo hato. enI caDavaNIthI sulatAna maleka dInAra jhapharakhAnane gujarAtamAMthI pAchA bolAvI lIdhuM ane enI kaIka bahAne katala karAvI. maleka husAmuddIna (I.sa. 1317-18) e pachI khusakhAne potAnA mAtRpakSe bhAI thatA maleka husAmuddInanI nimaNUka karAvI.11 eNe gujarAtamAM AvI jamInadAro rAjapUto ThAkora tathA pitAnI bharavADa jJAtinA lokone ekatra karI Apakhuda sattA sthApavAno prayatna zarU karyo. A joI gujarAtamAM rahetA zAhI amaladAro ane amIrane e zaktizALI thaI jaze evo bhaya lAgyo, tethI emaNe e ja sAlamAM ene giraphatAra karI dilhI mokalI Ape, paraMtu khusarakhAna nArAja na thAya ema karavA

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sastanata kAla sulatAne ene mAtra tamAre mArIne choDI mUkyo, eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu ene mahelamAM aMgarakSaka tarIke nokarI paNa ApI. vahIduddIna kurezI (I.sa. 13181359) e pachI hi. sa. 718(I.sa. 1318)mAM sulatAna maleka vahIduddIna kurezI nAmanA eka kulIna amIranI nimaNuka nAjhima tarIke karI. e kAbela megyakuzaLa mahattvAkAMkSI ane hiMmatavAna hatA. e "sahumulkIno khitAba paNa dharAvato hato. maleka husAmuddIna dvArA chinnabhinna thayela pradeza eNe suvyavasthita karI dIdhe. pradezamAM phelAyelI aMdhAdhUMdhI eNe dUra karI ane suleha-zAMti sthApI. eNe bhAgye ja gujarAtamAM eka varasa jeTalo samaya pasAra karyo haze eTalAmAM ene pAyatakhta dilhImAM belAvI levAmAM Avyo ane gujarAtamAM eNe bajAvelI kAmagIrInI kadara karIne sulatAne ene "tAjulamukano khitAba enAyata karI dilhImAM vajIra tarIke nImyA.18 khusarekhAna (I.sa. 1320) e pachI eTale ke hi. sa. 72 (I.sa. 1720)mAM khusarokhAne gujarAtanuM nAjhima pada sulatAna pAsethI pitAne nAme karAvI lIdhuM. e paMDe kadI e hodAnI pharaja bajAvavA gujarAtamAM Avyo nahi, paraMtu sulatAna pAsethI pitAne nAyaba nimAvI vahIvaTa karato rahyo. sulatAna khusarazAha e ja sAlamAM khusarokhAne sarvasattAdhikArI banI jaIne sulatAnanuM khUna karAvI khalajI vaMzane aMta ANyo ane pote "nAsirUddIna khusarazAha' khitAba dhAraNa karI takhta upara beThe. gujarAtano vahIvaTa maleka tAjuddIna turkane seMpavAmAM AvyA, paraMtu khusarazAhane paMjAbamAM AvelA dIpAlapuranA hAkema gAjhI maleka tugalake mArI nAkhyo. 14 2, tugalaka saltanatanA amala nIce sulatAna giyAsuddIna tugalaka khalajIvaMzanA zAhI kuTuMbamAMnA takhta mATe dAvo kare tevA tamAma pukhta vayanA puruSone khusarazAhe khatama karI dIdhA hatA, tethI amIrAnI salAhathI gAjhI maleka tugalaka pote ja "giyAsuddIna tugalaka zAha gAjhI" khitAba dhAraNa karI takhta upara beTho (I.sa. 1720).

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raju dilahI salatanatanA amala nIce tAjuddIna luka (I.sa. 13201325) enA samayamAM tAjuddIna tu gujarAtamAM nAjhima hatA. e eka heziyAra ane kAbela zamsa hato. eNe gujarAtane vahIvaTa suMdara rIte karyo. enA nAjhimapada daramyAna pradezamAM zAMti rahI. - peTalAdamAM bAbA arjuna zAhanI masjidanA nibhAva mATe dAnane lagate hi. sa7ra3-vi. saM. 138 (I.saM. 133)ne phArasI-saMrakata lekha giyAsuddInanA samayane che. jhAlAvADanA rAjA sUrajamalane harAvI vAghelAnA saradAra lUNAjIe enA pradezane kabajo lIdhe. sUrajamale nAjhimanI madada mAgI. tAjuddIna turke ene sAthe laI luNAjIne mArI nasADI mUkyo, paraMtu e laDAImAM surajamala mAryo maye ane jhAlAvADanI rAjadhAnI saradhArane kabaje nAjhimanA hAthamAM Avyo (I.sa. 1324). sulatAna muhammadazAha tugalaka hi. saM. 725(I.sa. 1325)mAM sulatAna giyAsuddIna tugalakazAhanuM matyu thayuM te pachI dilhI salatanatanA takhta para ene putra muhammadazAha beThe. enAmAM virodhI guNAnuM ajaba mizraNa hatuM ane tethI ja enuM zAsana itihAsamAM viziSTa rIte jANItuM thayeluM che. enA samayamAM gujarAtamAM satanatanI sattAne sauthI vizeSa vikAsa thayo hato. eNe nAjhimonI sattA toDI pitAnI sattAnI pakaDa majabUta rahe ema karavAnI yukti-prayuktio AdarI hatI. muhammada zalimuka alapakhAna (I.sa. 1325-339) A kAraNe gujarAtanA pradezanI bAbatamAM eNe tyAMnI lazkarI sattA malekajhAdA ahamada bina ayAjhane seMpI 17 ane ene "khAjA jahAna(duniyAne bhAlika)ne khitAba enAyata karyo. pitAnA ustAda (guru) katalugakhAnanA vaDA putra maleka muhammada zaraphamukane "alpakhAnane khitAba enAyata karI gujarAtane vAlI (nAjhima) nIkhe. maleka zihAbuddInane maleka itikhArane khitAba ApI navasArIne prAMta jAgIramAM Apo. malekahukamA, jenuM vevizALa sulatAnanI sAvakI bahena sAthe thayuM hatuM, tene vaDodarAmAM jAgIra ApI ane tAjuddIna indula kalamI nAmanA turkastAnI vepArIne khaMbhAtanA baMdarane hama nI. e

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saltanata kAla pri. pachI keTalAka samaya bAda maleka mukabilane nAyaba nijhAmata enAyata karI gujarAtamAM mokalo.8 sulatAnanA zAsananI zarUAtanA samayamAM dakhkhaNa ane gujarAtamAM ekaMdare zAMti pravartelI rahI hatI. anya pradezamAM baLavA thatAM emanA pratyAghAta A e pradezamAM paDatA hatA chatAM maleka muhammada zarakulamuka abhyakhAne ati cAlAkI ane sAvacetIthI gujarAtanA pradezamAM zAMti jALavI. e enA vAlIpada upara hi. saM. 740 (I.sa. 1739) sudhI rahyo. muzila tilagI (I.sa. 133-1345). hi. sa. 740(I. sa. 1339)mAM sulatAna maleka muphamila tilaMgIne gujarAtano vahIvaTa saMpyo. e navamuslima eTale ke dharma parivartana karI hiMdamAMthI musalamAna thayo hato. enuM mULa nAma "kanuM hatuM. "khAne jahAna nAyaba bakhtayAra" ene khitAba hato. halakI jAtanA mANasane Avo UMco darajajo ApavAmAM Avyo ema jANI gujarAtanA moTA amIra ane ucca jAtanA lake enA hAtha nIce rahevAnuM pasaMda karatA na hatA. khaMbhAtanA hAkema khula kalamo sulatAnane ajoDa kiMmatI bheTa mokalato raheto tethI sulatAna enA para prasanna hate. e udaMDa hato ane gujarAtanA nAjhima maleka muphabila te zuM, paraMtu sulatAnanA vajIranI satAne paNa e svIkAratA na hatA. maleka mubile enI pAsethI mahesUlanI mAgaNI karI. Ibdula kolamIe ApavAno InkAra karyo ane huM ja e dilhI pahoMcADIza daIza evuM ene jaNAvyuM. A javAba maleka muphabilane apamAnajanaka lAgyo tethI eNe enI johukamI bAbatamAM vajIra khAjA jahAnane dilhI phariyAda karI. vajIre te maleka mubilane ThapakAne patra lakhyo. maleka muphabilane AthI mAThuM lAgyuM ane eNe zastra-saraMjAma ekatra karI insula kolamI para AkramaNa karyuM. emAM ibdula kAlamanI hAra thaI. e khaMbhAtamAM jaI bharAya. tyAra bAda baMnee sulatAna samakSa ekabIjA viruddha phariyAda mokalI. be sthAnika amaladAro vaccenA e jhaghaDAnI patAvaTa karavA sulatAne pitAnA sALA maleka hukamane lavAda tarIke pheMsale karavA gujarAtamAM mokalyA. gujarAtamAM baLavo eno nikAla thAya e pahelAM dakhaNu tathA gujarAta sivAyanA lagabhaga tamAma pradezamAM baLavA phATI nIkaLyA. gujarAtamAM paNa tophAna pahelAMnI zAMta hAlata hatI,

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dilahI saltanatanA amala nIce e vakhate pazcima bhAratanA keTalAka pradezamAM aphaghAna amIrAne eka varga Ubho thayA hatA, teo "amIrAne sadAra (sadA amIro) nAmathI oLakhAtA hatA. emanI sattA gujarAtamAM khUba vadhI gaI hatI ane emanI pAse eka moTuM lakara paNa bheguM thayuM hatuM, joke e paddhatisaranuM zistabaddha na hatuM. paisAne khAtara sarva prakAranA loko emAM sAmela thaI jatA. emane deza mATe, leke mATe ke saltanata mATe koI prakAranI lAgaNI na hatI. bharUca DaI vaDodarA devagiri vagere sthaLomAM teo zaktizALI banyA hatA. teo viziSTa hakko bhegavatA hatA, baMDakhorone madada karatA hatA ane aMdhAdhUMdhI phelAtAM lUMTa paNa calAvatA hatA, AthI emanI khAnAkharAbI karavA sulatAne kamara kasI hatI. sulatAne sadA amIronA AgevAna kAjhI jalAla ane enA aphaghAna anuyAyIo, je sadA amIromAMthI hatA, temanA taraphathI thatI herAnagati sapta hAthe dabAvI devAnuM pharamAna maleka muphabilane gujarAtamAM mokalI ApyuM.' e mujaba maleka muphabile maleka hukamane khaMbhAta jaI tyAMthI kAjhI jalAla ane enA sAthIdAra sadA amIrone koI paNa rIte yukti-prayukti karIne pitAnI pAse lAvavA jaNAvyuM. kAjhI jalAla maleka hukamanI salAhathI 300 jeTalA bakhtariyA zastrasajaja sAthIdAro sAthe maleka mubila sAme upasthita thayo. A vakhate ene giraphatAra karavAnuM muzkela jaNAtAM maleka muphabile ene kaI paNa prakArano bhaya sevyA vinA parata javAne hukama karyo. gujarAtamAM baLavAne dAvAnaLa saLagyo. kAjhI jalAla ane enA sAthIdAra sadA amIrAe enA AraMbha vi. saM. 745(I.sa. 1344)mAM karyo e samaya daramyAna mALavAmAMthI je sadA amIro nAsI chUTIne gujarAtamAM AvyA hatA teo saMrakSaNanI yojanA ghaDavA vaDodarA temaja DabhoImAMnA pitAnA varganA amIrone vaDodarAmAM maLyA ane potAnI jhuMbeza zarU karI vaDedarA emanI pravRttinuM keMdrasthAna banyuM. kAjhI jalAla enA sAthIdAro sAthe maleka mubilane maLIne pAche jAte hato tyAre raratAmAM ene vaDodarA ane DabhoImAMnA sadA amIrAnI pravRttio vize mAhitI maLI gaI hatI ane tethI enI kiMmata paNa vadhI gaI hatI. khaMbhAtamAM pahoMcI eNe tyAMne sarakArI khajAno kabaje karyo ane pachI e nagaramAM luMTa calAvI. e pachI baMDane dAvAnaLa khaMbhAtathI mAMDI vaDedarA ane DabhoI

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2) salatanata kAla tathA aNahilavADa pATaNa sudhI prasarI gayo. sadA amIra ghoDA zastro ane dhanadelata meLavI zaktizALI thaI gayA hatA. e samaye maleka mubilane gujarAtanuM mahesUla tema ghaDA tathA bheTa laI aNahilavADa pATaNathI dilhI javAnuM hatuM. e vaDodarA tathA DabhoI taraphathI jaI rahyo hato. sadA amIrone e bAbatanI bAtamI maLI jatAM teo sarakheja AgaLa maleka muphabila upara acAnaka tUTI paDyA, maleka muphabila emanI sAme TakI zakayo nahi ane mahAmusIbate jAna bacAvI aNahilavADa pATaNa tarapha nAsI gayo.22 enI pAsenuM tamAma dravya hAthamAM AvyuM hovAthI amIromAM jera AvyuM. emaNe lazkarI bharatI karI moTA baLavAnI taiyArI karI ane khaMbhAta tarapha kUca karI ene kabaje lIdho.1 e pachI baLavA mATe teo AjubAju verAI gayA. keTalAke mukhya dhorI bhArgonA saMgama upara AvelA asAvaLane 20 divasa ghero nAkhI jItI lIdhuM ane pariNAme dakSiNa gujarAtamAMnAM bharUca jevAM mukhya kendro sAthene nAyaba vajhIra maleka muphabilane saMbaMdha kapAI gaye, AthI eNe kumaka mokalavA mATe mALavAnA hAkema ajhIjha khammArane vinaMtI-patra mokalyo. eNe banelA tamAma banAvanI vigata dilhI sulatAna upara paNa mekalI ApI. ajhIjha khammAre maleka muphabilane patra maLatAMveMta maleka jahAna cumbala sAthe sAta hajAranI pheja laI gujarAta tarapha kUca karI ane e vizenI khabara sulatAna upara dilhI mokalI ApI. ajhIjha khammAra yuddha laDavAmAM niSNAta na hovAthI sulatAnane Dara hato ke kadAca e mAryo jaze, AthI eNe nIkaLavAnI tauyArI karavAmAM jaladI karI 24 ajhIjha khammAra phoja laI gujarAtamAM AvI te pahe, paNa DabhoImAM ene sadA amIronA lazkaranA sainike e gherI lIdho tyAre e gabharAIne bebhAna thaI gayA ane ghoDA uparathI bheya upara paTakAI paDayo. sadA amIronA sainike e tatkALa enI katala karI.25 zAhI phoja veravikhera thaI gaI sulatAne 134panA jAnyuArInI 31mIe dilahIthI kuca karI. mArgamAM ajhIjha khammArane maleka mubilane madada karavA nIkaLyA bAbatanI ane pAchaLathI e mAryA gayAnI khabara Apato patra maLyo, AthI e ghaNe parezAna thaye.

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2 ju dilhI saltanatanA amala nIce [33 khaMbhAtanA zAMtipriya lokoe sadA amIrAthI trAsI jaI sulatAna pratye vaMphAdArI jAhera karI ane nagara para baLavAkhoronAM vAraMvAra thatAM AkramaNa sAme ghaNI khuvArI veThIne paNa teo TakI rahyA ane baLavAkhoro khaMbhAtane kabajo laI zakayA nahi. 27 gujarAtamAM baLavo thayAnA samAcAra sulatAnane maLyA e agAu eNe - zekha muIgrajhuddInanI nimaNUka gujarAtanA nAjhima tarIke karI hatI zekha muiccheddIna (I.sa. 1345-50), sulatAna gujarAtamAM navaravAlAnA sImADA para pahoMce tyAre eNe zekhA mujhajhuddInane 28 A pradezanuM nAjhima-pada saMbhALavA nagaramAM javAno hukama karyo ane sulatAna pote DabhoI tarapha AgaLa vadhe. vaDodarA pAse AvelA pAMDu (mevAsa) nAmanA eka pahADI sthaLe e pahoMce. bharUcanA killAnI AsapAsa baLavAkhoroe ghero nAkhyo hato. e samaye bharUcanA killAmAM sulatAnanI phoja ane delatAbAdathI AvelI pheja hatI. sulatAne Ajhama maleka khurAsAnIne bharUca mokalatA baLavAkhoronuM jora tUTI gayuM ne emaNe nAsabhAga karavA mAMDI. latAbAdanI phoje bahAra nIkaLI humalo karyo. AthI baLavAkhoro veravikhera thaI gayA. emanAmAMthI ghaNAkharA mAryA gayA. baLavAkheremAMnA keTalAka khAnadeza tarapha nAsI gayA, keTalAka bAgalANanA rAThoDa rAjA mAnadevane zaraNe gayA. 29 eNe emane keda karI lIdhA ane emano mAlasAmAna paNa chInavI lIdho. bharUcanA sadA amIronI ekasAmaTI katala karavAmAM AvI. pachI thoDA vakhatamAM sulatAne bharUca AvI tyAM mukAma nAkhyo (navembara, 1345). bharUcamAM rahI sulatAne tophAnI tatvone khatama karavA ane vahIvaTa vyavasthita karavA tarapha dhyAna keMdrita karyuM. bharUca khaMbhAta ane lagabhaga AkhA gujarAtanA pradezanuM lAMbA samayathI bAkI raheluM mahesUla vasUla karI levAnuM pharamAna eNe bahAra pADyuM. enA amala mATe evo to julama karavAmAM Avyo ke prajA trAsI gaI e sAthe bharUca ane khaMbhAtamAM je lokoe zAhI ucca amaladAro sAthe geravartana karyuM hovAnI athavA to baLavAkhorone koI paNa prakAranI agAu madada karI hovAnI bAtamI maLatI temanI vINI vINIne katala karavAmAM AvI.* A arasAmAM dolatAbAda(devagiri)mAM sahatanata sAme baMDakarI amIrAe tyAMnA hAkema maulAnA nijhAmuddInane keda karI tyAMne tamAma pradeza mahemAMhe vaheMcI lIdhA.31 sa0 3

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34] satanI kAla AvI khabara vaDodarA ane DabhoI vagere sthaLomAM saMtAtA phastA sadA amIrone maLI tyAre teo ekatra thaI dolatAbAda pahoMcyA ane jeo mAnadeva pAse kedI tarIke hatA teo paNa nAsI chUTIne tyAM pahoMcI baLavAkhoro sAthe maLI gayA. A vigata sulatAnane bharUcamAM maLI tyAre tarata ja latAbAda pahoMcavA e bharUcathI ravAnA thayo (I. sa. 1346) e agAu eNe potAnA banevI zarakulamuka rAsAnIne khaMbhAtamAMnA tamAma baLavAkhorone patto meLavI emane nasiyata karavAno hukama Apyo hato. A hukamano bhoga thayelAomAM eka alI hedarI nAmanA sUphIne paNa samAveza thayo hato. sulatAna baLa samAvyA bAda thoDA mahinA dolatAbAdamAM rahyo ane tyAMnI vyavasthAmAM rokAye, paraMtu eTalAmAM gujarAtamAM maleka tagIe vidroha karyAnI khabara AvI. e mULa sulatAnane zahanae bAragAha (darabArane prabaMdha karanAro) hato ane jAtano mocI hatI. pAchaLathI e mahAna amIromAMnA eka tarIke lekhAte thayo hato. e malekIno khitAba paNa dharAvato hato. Ama baMDakhora sadI amIra sAthe ene kaMI saMbaMdha na hatuM, balka emaNe je baLavo karyo hato temAM e sulatAnane vaphAdAra rahIne enA pakSe laDato rahyo hato ane eNe emanuM kAsaLa kADhavAnI kAmagIrImAM suMdara sevA bajAvI hatI, paraMtu kaMIka evuM banyuM ke jene laIne sulatAnanA hukamathI ene khaMbhAtamAM keda karavAmAM Avyo. muphabilane harAvI baMDakhoro khaMbha ta pahoMcyA tyAre emaNe tagIne mukta karyo. e sulatAnanA atyAcArathI enA para roSe bharAyA ane eNe baLavo karyo. je sadA amIro veravikhera thaI gayA hatA tathA jeo dakhaNamAMthI nAsI AvyA hatA teo ene maLI gayA. gujarAtanA rAjapUta ThAkora ane hiMdu jamInadAroe paNa ene sAtha Apyo. A rIte saMgaThana thaI jatAM eNe lUMTamAra zarU karI ane ciMtA aNahilavADa pATaNa pahoMcI nAyaba nAjhima maleka mujhaphapharanI katala karI. e pachI nAjhima zekha mujhujhuddIna tathA aneka amaladArone pakaDI kedI tarIke sAthe laI e khaMbhAta pahoMcyo ane e nagaramAM lUMTa karI, e upara kabajo jamAvI eNe tyAMthI hiMdu tathA musalamAnonuM eka lazkara ekatra karIne bharUcamAM killA tarapha kUca karI ene ghero ghAlyo. tyAMnA lekee ene daravAjo baMdha karI maleka tagIne sAmane karyo. sulatAna I.sa. 1347nA mArcamAM dolatAbAdathI bharUca pahoMcavA nIkaLyo. maleka tagIne e khabara maLI gaI eTale e gherA uThAvIne khaMbhAta bAju nAsI gayA. sulatAne narmadAnA dakSiNa kinAre paDAva nAkhyo ane maleka yusuda bumarAne

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26] dilhI saltanatanA amala nIce [35 be hajAra ghoDesavAra laI anya amIro sahita maleka tagInI pUTha pakaDavA khaMbhAta tarapha ravAnA karyo. e cAra pAMca divasa bAda tyAM pahoMcyo. pitAnA traNa hajAra jeTalA sAthIdAro sAthe rahIne maleka tagIe eno barAbara sAmano karyo, maleka yusupha bugadA jemAM mAryo gayo. zAhI pheja veravikhera thaI bharUca pAchI pharI. maleka tagIe aNahilavADa pATaNathI nAjhima muijhuddInane kedI tarIke sAthe khaMbhAta ANela. eNe vijaya ! AnaMdamAM AvI jaIne enI katala karAvI. sulatAna A khabara maLatAveMta roSe bharAIne narmadA oLaMgI bharUca gayo. traNa divasa tyAM taiyArImAM rokAIne eNe tagInI sAme laDavA khaMbhAta tarapha kUca karI. daramyAna maleka tagI khaMbhAtathI nAsI jaIne asAvala thaI aNahilavADa pATaNa tarapha nIkaLI gayo. sulatAnanI taiyArI maleka tagInI pUMThe javAnI hatI, paraMtu bhAre varasAdane laIne e ema karI zakyo nahi. laDAIo laDavAnuM satata rahyuM hatuM, tethI ghoDAonI hAlata sArI na hatI, AthI asAvalamAM ja eNe paDAva nAkhyo. AvA samAcAra maleka tagIne maLyA eTale e asAvala najIka sulatAnanI pheja upara AkramaNa karavA nIkaLyo niraMtara varasAda paDavA chatAM maleka tagInA AvavAnA samAcAra maLatAM sulatAna ekadama taiyAra thaI nIkaLyo. kaDI pAse laDAI thaI bhale tagIe potAnA soeka jeTalA maraNiyA sainikone teo barAbara laDe ema karavA dArU pAyo ane teo mAthAM mUkIne lAvyA, paraMtu zAhI ja gI hAthIonI haroLa sAme teo TakI zakyo nahi. zikarata khAI teo nAsI chUTayA. keTalAka jaMgalamAM chupAI gayA ane keTalAka aNahilavADa pATaNa pahoMcyA. emanAmAMnA cAraso ke pAMcaso jeTalA saraMjAma sAthe pakaDAI gayA. e tamAmanI sulatAne katala karAvI. A banAva I.sa. 1347nA sapTembaramAM banyo. maleka tagA nAsI jaIne aNahilavADa pATaNa pahoMcyo ane tyAMthI potAnA parivAra ane sahAyako sahita e kacha tarapha nIkaLI gayo. tyAMthI kaMthakeTamAM ane e pachI giranAra-jUnAgaDha pahecI, rA' kheMgAra 4 thA pAse jaI eNe Azraya lIdho. sulatAna e pachI aNahilavADa pATaNa pahoMcyo. tyAM thoDA divasanA nivAsa daramyAna eNe be mukhya kArya karyA: eka to rAjapUta ThAkarane zaraNe lAvavAnuM ane bIjuM jenanA pradezo enA tAbAmAM AvyA na hatA teone namAvavAnuM. AjubAjunA rAjaputa ThAkara tathA rANAo ane muktae AvIne sulatAnane namana karyuM ane emaNe enI sattA mAnya rAkhI. AmAM mAMDala ane pATaDInA ThAThera noMdhapAtra che.

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36] saltanata kAla mi. bIjI bAju sulatAnanI dakhaNamAM gerahAjarIne laIne tyAMnA baLavAkhora amIroe dolatAbAdanA killAne pharIthI kabajo lIdho ne juvAna ane maharavAkAMkSI saradAra hasana gaMgUne sulatAna banAvyo.33 e "abula mujhaphaphara alAuddIna bahamanazAha" nAmathI oLakhAyo. eNe gulabargane "ahasanAbAda" nAma ApI tyAM pitAnuM pAyatakhta rAkhyuM. A khabara sAMbhaLI sulatAna vyAkuLa thayo, paraMtu ene alAuddIna hasana gaMgune sAmano karavA javAnuM munAsiba lAgyuM nahi. ema karavAne badale eNe giranArane kile chatI levAno nirNaya karyo,34 kAraNa ke tyAMnA rAjA rA'khe gAre somanAthamAMnA musalamAna hAkemane bhagADI mUkyo hato ane enA sthAne tyAM rAjapUtane kabaje gaThavyo hato, taduparAMta eNe maleka tagIne Azraya ApI tyAM rAkhI mUkyo hato, AthI eNe aNahilavADa pATaNamAMthI potAnI chAvaNI uThAvI laI mAMDala ane pATaDImAM AvI mAMDalamAM comAsuM gALyuM (I.sa. 1348). giranAra jItavA have eNe pravRttio zarU karI. emAM prathama sahana karavAnuM pIramanA mokhaDAjI gohilane AvyuM. pIrama beTanI 35 jIta (I.sa. 1348-49) e samaye mokhaDAjI gohila rAjapUta ThAkAromAM sauthI vizeSa nAmAMkita hatA. e bhAre parAkramI hate pIrama beTa enI sattA nIce hato. tyAM pote bAMdhelA killAmAM rahI e khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM AvatAM jatAM vepArIonAM vahANa lUMTatA hatA ane emanI pAsethI khaMDaNI vasUla karato hato. eka vakhata dilhInA eka moTA muslima vepArInAM survaNa-raja bharelAM cauda jahAja mekhaDAjIe lUMTI lIdhAM, AthI vepArIe sulatAna muhammadazAha tugalakane phariyAda karI ane ene pariNAme eNe AkramaNa karyuM. meM khaDAjIe eno sAmano karyo ane laDatAM laDatAM e hi. sa. 75 (I.sa. 1349)mAM ghaNuM karIne devAnA daravAjA AgaLa mAryo gayo.37 beTane kabaje zAhI pheje pitAne hastaka lIdho. AnA pariNAme saurASTramAM gohilavADanA kAMThA upara UnA. delavADA sudhI sulatAnanI sattA thaI gaI38 baranInA jaNAvyA mujaba e pachI sulatAne giranAra tarapha kUca karI. zAhI phojanI tAkAtanuM mApa maLI jatAM rA' kheMgAre maleka tagIne sulatAnane havAle karI devAnuM yogya mAnyuM. maleka tagIne rA'nA A nirNayanI mAhitI maLI ke tarata ja e tyAMthI nAsI chUTayo ane siMdhamAM AvelA ThaThThA nagara tarapha nIkaLI

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2 ] dilhI saltanatanA amala nIce gayo. giranArane ghera lagabhaga eka sAla cAlu rahyo te daramyAna sulatAne e pradezanA tamAma bhAgone kabaje potAne hastaka laI lIdhe. rA'kheMgAra eka divasa nAsavA jato hato tyAre ja pakaDAI gayo. sulatAna sAme ene hAjara karavAmAM Avyo tyAre sulatAne ene mAphI ApI ene pradeza parata karI dIdhA ane e sulatAnanA khaMDiyA tarIke tyAM cAlu rahyo. sulatAnanA A vijayanI tyAMnI prajA upara bhAre asara thaI tamAma nAnAmoTA ThAkoro, jamInadAro ane rANAoe enA darabAramAM AvI najarANuM peza karyo. sulatAne paNa khilAta temaja anya prakAranI bheTasogAda enAyata karI emane khuza karyA.39 have sulatAna maleka tagI aMgeno nikAla karavAnuM nakkI karyuM ane I.sa. 1350 nA janamAM e giranArathI goMDaLa gayA, paNa tyAM e kSayanA regamAM paTakAI paDyo. A kAraNe eNe khudAvaMdajhAdAo vagerene bolAvyA. daramyAna zastrasaraMjAmano puravaTho cAre bAjuethI Avavo cAlu rahyo. ramajAnanA rojA pUrA thayA ane sulatAna kaMIka sAjo thaye e pachI sulatAne nagaraThaThThAnA sumarAoe baLavAkhora taLIne Azraya AyeA hato tethI emane nasiyata karavA I.sa. 1350nA DisembaramAM kUca mATe zAhI lazakarane hukama karyo. ThaThThAthI lagabhaga 14 kesa jeTalA aMtare sulatAne chAvaNI nAkhI. tyAM enI bImArI vadhI gaI ane Isa 1351 nA bhAcanI 20mIe enuM avasAna thayuM. Ine batutA gujarAtamAM (I.sa. 1342) AphrikAne mUra pravAsI inne battA sulatAna muhammadazAha tugalunnA zAsana daramyAna dilhIthI delatAbAda jaI maleka mubilanA vahIvaTa daramyAna gujarAtamAM Avyo hato. e pahelAM khaMbhAta pahoMcyo hato ane tyAMnA dhanavAna vepArIonI samRddhi joI Azcaryacakita thayo hato. ane batUtAe khaMbhAta uparAMta kAvI, ga dhAra (tA.jaMbusara), pIramabeTa ane ghoghAnI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. nijhAmula mulaka junA bahAdura tuka (I.sa. 135) sulatAna muhammadazAhe guMDaLathI ThaThThA tarapha kUca karI tyAM amIra husena bina amIra mIrAne gujarAtane vahIvaTa sa hato ema jaNAya che. ene khitAba malekuzaza nijhAmumulka jUnA bahAdura turka' hato e muratAphI hato

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38] satanata kAla ki. ane gujarAtamAM moTA pramANamAM jAgIra dharAvato hato. e A pradezamAM lAMbe samaya rahyo hovAnuM jaNAtuM nathI, paraMtu e pitAnA nAyaba mAraphata ahIne vahIvaTa karato rahyo hato. sulatAna phirojhazAha tugalaka sulatAna muhammadazAhanA avasAna pachI eno pitarAI bhAI phIrojhazAha takhtanazIna thayo (I.sa. 1351). nAjhima nijhAmulamuka (I.sa. 13-1362) phirojhazAhanA samayamAM nijhAmumuka gujarAtanA nAjhima tarIke cAlu rahyo lAge che. enA samayamAM maleka targI ThaThThAthI AvIne gujarAtamAM rahyo. nAjhima nijhAmumuke ene barAbara sAmano karyo ane maleka tagI mAryo gayo (I.sa. 1351). I.sa. 157 mAM mughalee gukharAtanuM medAna khAlI joI enA upara AkramaNa karyuM, paraMtu emanAmAMnA keTalAka pANInI achatathI kacachanA raNamAM khatama thaI gayA ane keTalAkane zAhI sainikoe khatama karI nAkhyA. A rIte nijhAmumulkanA samayamAM gujarAta lUMTanA bhayamAMthI mukta rahyuM.41 naharavAlAmAM A nAjhime hi.sa. 759(I.sa. 1357-58)mAM eka masjida banAvarAvI. maleka tagIne Azraya ApanAra sumarAo para vera levA hi.sa. 763 I.sa. 136142) mAM hayadaLa gajadaLa temaja hADIonA kAphalA sahita jaMgI lazkara laI sulatAna phIrojhazAhe rAjadhAnI ThaThThA upara AkramaNa karyuM. ene sAmano tyAMnA jAme43 eTaluM ja zaktizALI sainya laI karyo. e vakhate dukALa ane mahAmArIne laIne 4 sulatAna phIrojhazAhane bhAre nukasAna thayuM, enI chAvaNImAM khAdya-sAmagrI ghaTI gaI ane pA bhAganuM hayadaLa roganuM bega banyuM, AthI umarAvatI salAhathI lazkarI baLa pharIthI meLavavA bacelA sainike sAthe gujarAta tarapha eNe prayANa karyuM. emAM siMdhI bhemiyAoe kacchanA raNamAM enA lazkarane jANI joIne khoTe bhAge devuM. sainiko dareka prakAranI achatane laIne herAna parezAna thaI gayA. aMte aneka viTaMbaNAo veThI, rastAmAM hajAro sainikone marelA choDI bhaTakatAM bhaTakatAM chaeka mahinA bAda sulatAna gujarAtamAM AvI pahoMce (I.sa. 1362 mAM). sulatAna phirojhazAha ThaThThAmAM jAma sAme laDI rahyo hato te vakhate nijhAmulumudraka taraphathI sAdhana-sAmagrI tyAM pahoMcI na hatI, tethI roSe bharAyela sulatAne ene nAjhima pada uparathI baratarapha karyo (I.sa. 1362).45

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2 ju dilhI saltanatanA amala nIce (39 nijhAmumulle potAnA vahIvaTa daramyAna gujarAtamAM AbAdI sulehazAMti ane sahIsalAmatI jALavavA bhagIratha prayatna karyA hatA ane niyamita rIte mahesUla zAhI khajAnAmAM prativarSa bharAtuM rahyuM hatuM jhArakhAna phArasI (I.sa. 1362 thI 1371-72) sulatAna phIrojhazAhe have zAhI darabAranA nAmAMkita amIra jhapharakhAna phArasI'ne nAjhima nIme (Isa 1362). sulatAne I.sa. 1363 nuM Akhu comAsuM gujarAtamAM ja gujAryuM ane e daramyAna ghaNekhare samaya e zikAramAM rata rahyo hato. e gALAmAM eNe phejI bharatInuM kAma paNa cAlu rAkhyuM hatuM. zastrasaraMjAmane keTaloka puravaThA dilhIthI magAvyo. sarva prakAranI taiyArI thaI gayA pachI e ja sAle sulatAne Thaka upara AkramaNa karavA kUca karI. nijhAma jhapharakhAna potAnA nAyabane A pradezane vahIvaTa meMpI sulatAna sAthe rahyo. - jhapharakhAnanuM mULa nAma tAjuddIna muhammada hatuM. eNe hi.sa. 7H 8(I.sa. 1367)mAM UnA(ji. jUnAgaDha)mAM ane hi saM. 772(I.sa 1370-71)mAM kapaDavaMjamAM masjida baMdhAvI hatI. enuM mRtyu hi. sa. 71(I.sa. 1369-70) mAM thayuM hatuM. ene vahIvaTa ekaMdare sAro hato. e kurAnano hAphija hato. enA vahIvaTI samayano noMdhavA jevo eka evo banAva che ke sulatAna phIzajhazAhe eka phoja saurASTramAM hi. sa. 770(I.sa. 1368)mAM zarUkhAna ane maleka agrabuddIna yahyAnI saradArI nIce mokalI hatI. zarUkhAne jUnAgaDhane tAbe karyuM hatuM. ijhuddIna mAMgaroLa (soraTha) pahoMcI tyAMnA kuMvarapAla sAme laDavyo hato ane kuMvarapAla emAM mAryo gayo hato.46 tyAM jAme masjidane pAyo nAkhavAmAM AvyA hatA, jenuM bAMdhakAma hi. sa. 785(I.sa. 1783)mAM pUruM thayuM hatuM. zAhI pheja sAthe saiyada sikaMdara masaUdake nAmanA eka saMta AvyA hatA, temaNe tyAM ja vasavATa karyo hato. mAMgaroLanA timijhI saiyada emanA khAnadAnamAMthI UtarI AvelA che. dariyAkhAna ure jhapharakhAna 2 (I.sa. 1371-72 thI 1374) sulatAne jhapharakhAnanA avasAna pachI enA vaDA putra dariyAkhAnane ene ja khitAba "jhapharakhAna' enAyata karI gujarAtane nAjhima nImyo. enI vyavasthAzakti addabhuta hatI. gujarAtamAM sarvatra zAMti prasarI hatI. AjubAjunA

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40]. saltanata kAla pri. pradezomAM paNa ene prabhAva paDato hato, AthI sulatAnanA goThiyAone enI IrSyA AvI ane ene ADuM avaLuM samajAvI ene dilhI belAvaDAvI magAvyo. hi.sa. 773(I.sa. 1371-72)nA arasAmAM maleka zamasuddIna abUrAjA nAyaba nAjhima nimAIne gujarAtamAM Avyo. e vidvAna, zAyara ane mutsaddI hato, paNa enI kAmagIrImAM e vizvAsapAtra na hato. e lAMca levA TevAyelo hato ane nANuM ucApata karavAmAM e ekko hato 48 pitAnI IrachA bara lAvavAne eNe leke upara vividha prakAranA julama karyA hatA. Ane lIdhe gujarAta verAna thaI gayuM ane mahesUla ghaTI gayuM, AthI sulatAne kaI yogya puruSane gujarAtane vahIvaTa karavA mokalavAno nizcaya karyo. jhapharakhAnanA eka saMbaMdhI zamsaddIna dAmagInIe e pradezane vahIvaTa mane soMpavAmAM Ave to cAlu AvatI be karoDanI vArSika Avaka uparAMta 100 hAthI, 40 lAkha TaMkA rokaDA ane hiMdI ane habasI maLIne 400 gulAma ane 200 arabI ane irAkI ghoDA huM dilhI mokalato rahIza evuM vacana ApyuM. AthI sulatAne ene sonerI kamarapaTTo, bhAle, caDela (eka prakAranI pAlakhI) vagere zAhI cihana enAyata karI gujarAtanuM nAjhimapada sepyuM (I.sa. 1374). zamasudIna dAmAnI (I.sa. 1774-1380) potAnI nimaNUka nAjhimapada upara thayA bAda zamsaddIna dAmagAnI bhAre ThAThathI gujarAtamAM Avyo ane eNe vyavasthAnuM kArya karavA mAMDayuM. thoDA ja divasamAM ene lAgavA mAMDayuM ke sulatAnane ApeluM vacana pALavuM muzkela che, tethI jyAM maLyuM tyAMthI ane je rIte banyuM te rIte eNe dhana ekatrita karavA upara potAnuM dhyAna kendrita karyuM. rAbetA mujaba dara varase mahesalanI mokalavAnI rakama eNe dilhI mokalI nahi ane eNe paradezIone bAjue rAkhI sthAnika ke, rAjapUta ThAkora ane rAjAo sAthe mitrAcArIno saMbaMdha bAMdhavA mAMDayo. gujarAtamAM vasatA aphaghAna amaladAre ane tyAM bAkI rahelA sadA amIroe enI A nItine virodha karyo. AgaLa upara eNe khuda mukhtAra hevAnI jAherAta karI tyAre teo sau uzkerATamAM AvI gayA ane eka divasa savAranA paheramAM enA makAnamAM praveza karI enI katala karI.49 AnA pariNAme gujarAtamAM zAMti prasarI gaI (I.sa. 1380).50 kahadlamuka (I.sa. 1780-1388) zamsaddIna dAmAnInI katala thaI e pachI maleka mupharahane "haMtumuka

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2 ) dilhI saltanatanA amala nIce [41 (rAjyane AnaMda)ne khitAba enAyata karI sulatAne gujarAtane nAjhima nImyo. eNe lagabhaga dasa varasa gujarAtanA vahIvaTa suMdara rIte karyo. enA samayamAM pradezamAM zAMti rahI. enA samayamAM IDaranA rAjapUta rAjyamAM rAva raNamalla rAjya karateA hateA. samagra vAgaDa, rAjasthAna ane mALavA upara enA prabhAva hatA. tumuke enI pAse khaMDaNInI mAgaNI karI ane rAve e ApavAneA inkAra karyo, AthI 'tulUmuke IDara upara AkramaNa karyuM, paraMtu rAve ene bhAre zikasta ApI. enA 17 hajAra sainiko mAryA gayA (i.sa. 1782). zrIdhara vyAse 'raNamala chaMda'mAM A ghaTanA nirUpI che, ' have sulatAnanI vRddhAvasthA hatI. ema banyu ke me zAhajAdA gujarI jatAM trIjA zAhajAdA muhammadakhAnane 'nAsaruddIna muhammadazAha'tA khitAba ApI peAtAnA vArasa tarIke enI niyukti karI. nAsiruddIna muhammadazAhe I.sa. 1387 mAM maleka yAkUba muhammada hAjIne 'sika MdarakhAna'te khitAba enAyata karI eka phoja sAthe gujarAtamAM nAjhimapadanA hAddo sa MbhALavA ravAnA karyo. sika MdarakhAna ahIM AvI pahecyA tyAre krUtulUmulye ene vahIvaTa sAMpavAne inkAra karyAM, AthI baMne vacce laDAI thaI. pha tumuka jItyA ane sikaMdarakhAna emAM mAryA gayA. sulatAna nAsiruddIna muhammadazAhu e pachI sulatAna phIrAjhazAhanuM I.sa. 1388mAM avasAna thayu. AMtarika kauTuMbika jhaghaDA cAlu ja hatA. sulatAnapade betraNa nabIrAonI jhaDapI UthalapAcala thaI. aMte sAmAnA(pANIpatanI uttare)nA sadA amIre| ane anya saradArIe nAsiruddIna muhammada zAhane mahda karI, jethI e takhta upara I.sa. 1389 mAM beTho. ha tulasuka (I.sa. 1788-1391) phIrAjhazAhI khAnadAnanI khAnAja`gItA purepurA lAbha uThAvI kuhetulamuke A pradezanA rAjapUte ThAkeArA ane rAjAonI sAthe maLI jaI Apakhuda sattA sthApavAnA prayatna karavA mAMDyo. maleka yAkUba hAjI sika darakhAnane zikasta ApyA Ada keMdra sarakAra taraphathI kAI paNa prakAranI kAyavAhI enI sAme thaI niha, tethI ene hiMmata AvI gaI hata ane rAkhetA mujabanI mahesUlanI rakama dilhI mekalavAnuM eNe badha karI dIdhuM hatu. tyAMthI AvatAM pharamAnenI paNa eNe avagaNanA karavA mAMDI hatI,

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saltanata kAla gi, | gujarAtanI muslima janatA nAjhimanI ApakhudIne kAraNe nArAja hatI, AthI phaItumuke enI satAmaNI karavA mAMDI. eNe vizeSe karIne khaMbhAtanA vepArIo upara bhAre trAsa gujAryo ane gujarAtanA sthAnika hiMdu lokone khuza rAkhavA upara dhyAna kendrita karyuM, AthI musalamAnoe uzkerATamAM AvI jaI eka arajI sulatAna nAsirUdIna muhammadazAha upara dihI mokalI ApI ane emAM hiMdulamukanA julama sAme nyAyanI mAgaNI karI. jhapharakhAna bina vacharuSa muka, "mujhapharakhAna' (I. sa. 13-1407) AthI sulatAne ene sthAne sauthI pratiSThita amIromAMnA eka evA vacharamukanA putra jhapharakhAnanI nimaNUka gujarAtanA nAjhima tarIke I.sa.1391 mAM karI ene "mujhaphapharakhAna' khitAba ane zAhI nizAne lAla taMbu tathA sapheda chatra enAyata karyo. sulatAne enA putra tAtArakhAnane pitAnA putra je gaNIne potAnI pAse jAmIna tarIke rAkhyA. jhapharakhAne gujarAtamAM AvI phahaMtumuka sAthe suleha-zAMti karI ene sulatAnanA tAbA nIce lAvavA mATe be vAra prayatna karyA, paraMtu pharNatulamuke enI avagaNanA karI. I.sa 1392 mAM baMne vacce laDAI zarU thaI. baMnenI phoje jhanUna ane jussAthI laDI. pharNatulamuka jaganA medAnamAM cunaMdA savAronI TukaDI laI jhapharakhAnanI katala karavA ene zodhato hato eTalAmAM jhapharakhAnanA eka ghoDesavAre ene pIcho karI pAchaLathI ene evo te ghAyala karyo ke e ghoDAnI pITha uparathI bhaMya upara paTakAI paDavo. sainikoe tarata ja enuM mAthuM dhaDathI juduM karI jhapharakhAna sAme jaIne mUkavuM. phahatulamukanI pheja veravikhera thaI gaI ane jhapharakhAna vijayI thaI aNahilavADa pATaNamAM pahoMce. je medAnamAM ene A jIta maLI hatI tyAM eNe vasavATa karAvI enuM nAma jItapura' ApyuM. jhapharakhAne ThekaThekANe potAnA vizvAsu mANasone mukhya sthAne upara nIcI barAbara cokI goThavI. A rIte barAbara zAMti sthapAtAM e hi. sa795 (I.sa. 1792-1393)mAM khaMbhAtamAM pahoMcyA ane hAkema nImI eNe zAMti sthapAya e prabaMdha karyo. pAchA pharatAM e asAvalamAM rokAya ane tyAM paNa Avazyaka baMdebasta karI aNahilavADa pATaNa tarapha pahoMce. sulatAna nAsirUdIna mahamUdazAha I. sa. 1393 mAM sulatAna mahammadazAhanuM avasAna thatAM ene moTo putra sikaMdarazAha, ne thoDA mAsamAM enuM paNa avasAna thatAM ene nAna bhAI nAsirUdIna

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2 ju] dilhI salatanatanA amala nIce mahamUdazAha sulatAna thayuM. eNe gujarAtamAM nAjhima tarIke jhapharakhAnane cAlu rAkhe. jhapharakhAna eka saphaLa sipAhasolAra hatA. gujarAta ane saurASTranA rAjapUta ThAkora ane rAjAo temaja bhALavAmAMnA paDethI muslima zAsake sAthe haMmezAM e laDato rahyo hato. hi sa. 796(I.sa. 1393-94)mAM IDaranA vikhyAta rAjA rAva raNamale dilhInA sulatAnane paraMparAgata mokalAtI khaMDaNI mekalavAnuM baMdha karyuM, AthI jhapharakhAne jagI hAthIo sahita eka moTuM lazkara laI IDara upara ociMtuM AkramaNa karyuM. badhI bAjuthI gherAI gayelA rAve chevaTe suleha karI jhapharakhAne khaMDaNI tarIke ghaNuM jhaverAta lIdhA bAda laDAI baMdha karI ane e tyAMthI aNahilavADa pAcho pharyo I. sa. 395mAM jhapharakhAne khAnadeza ane jharada(jhAlAvADa mAM potAnI sattA daDha karI. e pachI eNe I. sa. 1395 mAM somanAtha pATaNa tarapha kUca karI ane tyAMnuM madira levuM ane zaherane lUMTavuM. tyAM eNe eka masjida baMdhAvI ane IslAmano pracAra karavA mullAMo ane melavIo rAkhyA. tyAMnA pradezane vahIvaTa karavA pitAnA taraphathI eNe thANadAra nImyo. pachI e cUDAsamA rAjA pAsethI khaMDaNI laIne aNahilavADa pATaNa pAcho pharyo. pATaNa AvI jhapharakhAne mevADane tAbe rahelA mAMDalagaDha para caDAI karI. tyAMnA rAjapUtoe lAMbI Takkara jhIlI, paNa gaDhamAM marakI phATI nIkaLatAM rAjapUtoe suleha karI. tyAMthI ajameranI yAtrA karI sAMbhara-DIMDavANuM kabaje karI pAchA pharatAM mevADanAM dilavADA ane jhilavADA tArAja karI jhapharakhAna I. sa. 1398 mAM pATaNa pAchA pharyo. have ene putra tAtArakhAna dihIthI AvI enI pAse rahyo. hi. sa. 801(I. sa. 1398-99)mAM IDaranA saMpUrNa vijaya aMgenuM pitAnuM adhUruM raheluM kArya pUruM karavA nAjhima jhapharakhAne pAkI janA ghaDI. sainikone jagale sApha karI devAne eNe hukama karyo ane rastA paNa emanI pAsethI sApha karAvyA, chatAM paNa jhapharakhAnane vizeSa saphaLatA sAMpaDI nahi. rAva raNamale karelA vIratApUrvakanA pratIkArane lIdhe ene pIchehaTha karavI paDI. hi.sa. (7(I.sa. 1400)mAM jhapharakhAne pharIthI IDara para AkramaNa karyuM ane tyAMnA rAve ene barAbara sAmano karyo, chatAM emAM e phAvyo nahi ane rAtri daramyAna ene visanagara tarapha nAsI chUTavuM paDayuM. jhapharakhAne IDaramAMnAM hiMdu maMdirono nAza karyo. eNe killAmAM rakSaNathe eka phoja mUkI ane e pATanagaramAM pAcho pharyo, paraMtu e sthiti jhAjhe samaya cAlu rahI

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44] saltanata kAla [.. hAya ema jaNAtuM nathI, kAraNa ke IDara pharIthI rAvanA kabajAmAM AveluM jazuAya che. bIjA varase eTale ke hi. sa. 804(I.sa. 1401-02)mAM sAmanAthanA hiMdu leAkAe pharIthI tyAnI mUrtinI pUjA zarU karI hovAnA samAcAra jhapharakhAnane maLyA, tethI eka phoja AgaLa ravAnA karIne e paDe enI pAchaLa gayo. hiMduoe enI phAjanA barAbara sAmanA karyA, paraMtu te enI sAme Takkara jhIlI zakayA nahi, tethI teo dIvanA TApunA killA tarapha nAsI gayA. jhapharakhAne emane pIche karyAM ane emanAmAthI ghaNAnI katala karI, emanuM senApatipada saMbhALanAra hamIra nAmanA geAhila rAjapUtane pakaDI hAthInA paga nIce kacaDAvI nAkhyo. jhapharakhAne e pachI dIvamAMnuM maMdira teADAvI nAkhyu. ane enA sthAne masjida caNAvI tyAM eNe kAjhIe ane muphatIonI nimaNUka karI ane eka phoja rakSaNArthe mUkI. e pachI tAtArakhAna A bane caDAIomAM pitAnI sAthe gayo hatA te pazu aNahilavADa pATaNa pATanagaramAM parata paheAMcyo. dilhI saltanatanI paDatI . cyA sa` banAve gujarAtamAM banyA te daramyAna dilhI saltanatanI paDatI dazA hatI. rAjapUta rAjAe Thera Thera maLavA karatA rahyA hatA. moTA amIrA saradArA sAmatA jAgIradAre| vagere sattA prApta karavA nirakuza thaI gayA hatA. teo yukti-prayukti ajamAvatA rahetA hatA. sulatAna phIrAjhazAhanA samayathI mahelamAM je paradezI gulAmeA nekarI karatA hatA te teAphAnI ane baLavAkheAra banyA hatA. sanitanA takhta upara nAsiruddIna mahamUdazAha hatA te daramyAna I.sa. 1398 mAM eka mahAna vinAzaka rAjakIya AMdhI AvI, tImUre atula sa`patti . lUMTavA mATe hiMdustAna para AkramaNa karyu ane dilhI lUMTI hAhAkAra vartAvyo. daramyAna sulatAna mahamUdazAhe hArI, tyAMthI palAyana karI, pahelAM gujarAta AvI mujhaphpharakhAnane Azraya lIdhe te tyAM potAne mAta-maratamA na maLatAM e tyAMthI mALavA gayo. dilhI satanatanI rahIsahI sattA paNa mATI bhegI maLI gaI. tImUra bhAratamAMthI pAchA karyAM te pachI pAMgaLI banelI sattAne laIne dezamAM aMdhAdhUMdhI ane avyavasthA vyApyAM. mahamUddazAha I. sa. 1401 mAM dilhI pAchA karyo, paraMtu have pradezanA hAkemA ane nAjhimA svataMtra zAsaka thaI beThA. gujarAtamAM tAtArakhAne svata Mtra sattA dhAraNa karI (i.sa. 1403). pariNAme dilhI ane gujarAta vaccenA saMbaMdha tUTI gayo.

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dilhI saltanatanA amala nIce pAdaTIpa 1. jue, A graMthamALAnA graMtha 4, pR. 106. 2. ejana, pR. 7, 105 mo. 3. abujhaphara nadavI, 'gujarAtaneA itihAsa", bhA. ra, pR. 62-63 ('mite mukhtAvAra, mA. 2. pR. 66nA AdhAre ). alpakhAne cauhANa rAjapUtA pAsethI jhAleAra chInavI lIdhuM ne tyAra pachI navasArI, bharUca ane gadhAra upara jIta meLavI ene kabaje karyAM evuM molAnA abujhaphara nadavI nAMdhe che ('gujarAtanA itihAsa' bhA. 2, pR. 62) paraMtu pre| kAmisarriyeTa a5khAnanI sukhAgIrI daramyAna sulatAna alAuddIne leAra jItyu' evu' neAMdhe che (History of Gujarat, Vol. 1, p. 11 ) e cathAya che. padmanAbhe * kAnhaDadeprakha dha'mA aghakhAne(=ughakhAne) gujarAta jItI dRilhI jatAM jAlera para humalA karyAM paraMtu emAM e hArIne nAmeAzI pAmyA evu' jaNAvyuM che (Anhave prabaMdha, pR. 12-26). A humaleA gujarAta paranI caDAI vakhate ukhAnanI mAraphate thayA gaNAya.jalAra paranI jIta teA alAuddInanA rAjyakAlanAM atima varSomAM thaI hatI, je samaye gujarAtamAM alpakhAnanA vahIvaTa cAlatA hatA, paraMtu jAlAra paranI chatamAM alpakhAne kaMI sakriya bhAga lIdhe| hAvAnuM teAMdhAyuM nathI. navasArI bharUca ane gadhAra upara alpakhAne jIta meLabyAnuM mo. nadI sAhebe zAnA AdhAre lakhyu haze e noMdhAyuM nathI.--sa.. 4. A banAva jinaprabhamarinA vividhatIrthaq' 15 traNa vavAmAM AvelA che sanarArApunA viSaya paNa e ja che. vaLI kasUri kRta ' nAminandanaginAdvAra-RSa' mAM paNa samarA zAhe karAvelA tIrthaMdhAranu nirUpaNa che, muni jinavijayajIe zatruMjayanA zrAddhAranu vaNa na zakuMgayatIDhAra-maMdha ' mAM karelu' che. : 2 ju] 1, [v jo 116-12mAM 5. 'mite mustAAvA' (u) mujaba ulUkhAna rAjA karNadevane harAvI sAraTha tarapha nIkaLI gayA hatA tyAre pAchA pharatI vakhate eNe pAlItANA-zatruMjaya jItyAM hatAM. zatrujaya paranA madiranA nAza e samaye thayA haze. 6. mo. abuDjhara nadavI, 'gujarAtanA itihAsa', bhA. 2. pR. 62 7. sAmI, teM dur sAtIna', rR321, 231 8. gharano, tArINe jhIrojhazAhI," rR. 361 9. amIra jItUro, noha sivendra ' (hastaprata), sAmI, gana %0 248 mAM enula-mulkane meAkalavAnu' lakhela che. 10. pachI mudnmavAna, '* mimAte zramapI'', mA. 1 pU. 37

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salatanata kAla [. 1. eka khAsa hetuthI A kAma eNe karAvyuM hatuM. gujarAta enuM vatana hatuM. e upara kabajo jamAvI levAnI khusarekhAnanI IcchA hatI. emAM ene enA jJAtibhAIonI madada maLaze evo pUrNa vizvAsa hato. ema karI, dhana ekatra karI eNe phaLa bharatI karI. e khuda mukhtAra sattAno pAyo nAkhavAnI mahattvAkAMkSA sevato hato, paraMtu hasAbuddIna apAtra hovAne kAraNe khusare khAna dhAreluM kAma pAra pADI zakyo nahi, balake enA mecane hasAmuddIne nukasAna pahoMcADayuM. 12 baranI, 'tArIkhe fIrojazAhI', pR. 397 13. tharanI, "tAraNe phIrojhazAhI', pR. 228 14. alI muhammadakhAna, 'miraAte ahamadI,' bhA. 1, pR. 38 / 15. rola guNama mu , "mAte mutAvAra, mI, 2, pR. 6 16. varanI, "tArI phIrojhazAhI', pR. 851 khAjA nijAmuddIna, 'tabakAte akabarI', bhA. 1, pR 199 muhammada kAsima, 'tArIkhe firiztA, jilda 1, pR. 133 17. "tAraNe riztA', nid 1, pR. 1rU rU-rUka 18, varanI, "tAraNe roDarANI', 9 kaSa4-5 cathI sadavI, "tArI mujArAhI', pR. -100 "tArI riztA', pR. 1-(lakhano) vagere kharI rIte A sulatAnanA nAjhimo vize samagra mAnukrama ane saMpUrNa vigato maLatI nathI, AthI enA saMkalanamAM muzkelI rahe che. - saM. 19. ema jaNAya che ke gulAma tarIke ene teliMgANAthI lAvavAmAM Avyo hato. e kaI eka gAyakane putra hato. dhIme dhIme pragati karIne majakura pada upara pahoMcyA hatA. 20. musalamAna itihAsakAroe paradezI amIra mATe "amIrAne sadA' zabdane upayoga kare che. baranIe dareka ThekANe e ja nAma mUkeluM che. tArI riztAnA aMgrejI tarajUmAmAM brise amIre vahIda' (vartamAna amIra) nAma lakheluM che, paraMtu mULa phArasI tArId jiritA, niH 1, pR 250mAM "amIrAne sadA" che. A a..ro mULa paradezathI AvelA loka hatA ane e aneka jAtionA hatA. teo karatamAM vasavATa $217 21 Sal (Danison Ross, Arabic History of Gujartat, Introduction, Vol. Ill, pp. 31-32). e sarve mujaba amIrAne sadA sainikonA saradAronI upAdhi hatI. puslI Iga (The Cambridge History of India, Vol, p. 106. f. 1) mujaba teoe lagabhaga eka gAmanA jUthamAM kara ugharAvAna mahesUlI

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2 ju]. dilahI salatanatanA asala nIce jvAbadArI saMbhALatA hatA. enA vetana tarIke emane pAMca TakA hisso maLato hato. "amIrAne sadAne zabdArtha "senA amaladAro" (Centurious officers) evo thAya che. mirAte mumUvI, 5. jala pramANe mughala saradAra amIra navarAjha sAthe mughala moTI saMkhyAmAM bhAratamAM AvyA hatA. amIra navarejha muhammada tugalakanI nokarImAM rahyo hato, emanAmAMthI je lo eka hajAranI phejanA amaladAra banyA hatA te hajha rA" ane jeo eka nI phejanA amaladAra banyA hatA teo "sadA" ("sa arthAta so uparathI banelA) nAmathI oLakhAyA hatA. pAchaLathI emAMnA hajhArA amIre ane sadA amIra dakhaNuM mALavA ane gujarAtamAM moTI saMkhyAmAM prasarI gayA hatA ane zaktizALI banyA hatA. phalAma, taMdu sAtIna' 476; muhammara sima iiratA, "tArI ritA', mA. 1, pR. 140 22. Rehla, pp. 113 f. 22. varanI, "tArId phIrojhazAhI." . 107 23. rAmI, "tadruma sAtIna', pR. 282 24. varanI, kujhana, pR. 107 25. tharanI, ujhana, pR. 483-4 86 26. varanI, gana, 5. 01 27. sAmI, bahu sAtIna" pR. 486-87 28. baranI (pR. 512) A mujaba jaNAve che, paraMtu phiritAe kahyuM che ke muhammada &Asime muijhajhuddInane ja lazkara sAthe DAIne sAmano karavAne mekalyo hato DabhoimAM khAne jahAna maleka muphaliva ene maLI gaye baMnee maLI baLavAkhAne harAvyA, (tAraNe jiritA, . 1, 3. 141). paraMtu enuM samarthana keI anya itihAsamAM maLatuM nathI. ra9. sAmI, "kta dura sAtIna', pR. 421; paranI, "tAraNe rojhArANI', 9. 512 30. gharanI, gana, pR. 512 A ka. sAmI, tuM hu mAtA', pR. 461-17 2. varanI, "tArI jIjJaTTI', 117 33. sAmI, dura karAtI', 5. pharaka 34. tharanI, "tArI nurArI', pR. 20-21

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* saltanata kAla jhi. 35. pIrama beTa khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM gheghAthI Azare 7 ki.mI. aMtare Avela che. 36. bhAvanagara rAjyanA rAjakuTuMbane Adya puruSa sejakajI hato. mekhaDAjI gohila ene pautra thatA hatA. 37. zera mutrama mumara, "fmAte muktajhArA," mI. 2, pR. 56. ghoghAmAM mokhaDAjI gohelanI samAdhi che. se. Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. VIII (Kathiawad), p. 285 69. vAnI, "tArI jhIronurA," 123 paraMtu phiriratA A bAbatamAM tapAsa karI baranInA A vRttAMtanuM khaMDana kare che ne spaSTa kare che ke mahamUda begaDA sivAya kaI bIjA sulatAne jUnAgaDhano killo jItyA nahato ne sulatAna mahamada tugalake rA"e svIkArelI tAbedArIne pUratI gaNu ghero ghAlavAnuM mAMDI vALyuM hatuM (tArI ritA, pR.143). 3 mizra A vAtanuM samarthana ApatAM nedhe che ke rA'e svIkArelI tAbedArIne lIdhe sulatAnane e pachI junAgaDha jItavA javAnI jarUra paDI lAgatI nathI ne sulatAne e pachI jUnAgaDhanI aupacArika mulAkAta laI tyAM ERMIT GRAU (Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat. p. 121) -. 40. ghorI kuTuMbanA amIrone khudAbaMdajhAdA ane abhyAsI khalIphAonA vaMzaja amIrone "makhamajhAdA" kahetA hatA. 1. varanI, "tArI jhIrojhazAhI" . 6. emAM sAla ApavAmAM AvI nathI, paraMtu je rIte vigata ApavAmAM AvI che te uparatho hi. sa. 759 (I.sa. 1757) hovAnuM jaNAya che. 42. koI paNa ItihAsagraMthamAM ThaThThA uparanA AkramaNanI sAla maLatI nathI, paraMtu itihAsanI keTalIka vigata uparathI upara jaNAvelI sAla hovAnuM jaNAya che. 83. Ishwari Prasad, Medieval India, p. 310, The Delhi Sultanate, p. 95 44. samsa zIrAja aphIpha, 'tArIkhe phIrojazAhI', pR. 203 45. una, pR. 21-221 46. A agAu sulatAna muhammadazAha tugalake giranArane gaDha jI hato ane enA joDiyA pradeza, kinArA sahita, enA tAbAmAM hatA, jemAM mAMgaroLa(soraTha)ne bhAga paNa hato. bahudhA sulatAna muhammadazAhanA avasAna pachI e pradezo svataMtra thaI gayA hatA ane giranArane gaDha majabata hatA tethI gujarAtanA nAjhimee ene sAmane karavAnI hiMmata karI na hatI have sulatAna phIrojhazAha gujarAtamAM Avyo tyAre eNe keja mokalI.

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2 ju dilahI saltanatanA amala nIce [49 47. zekha gulAma muhammade (fmAte multAvAamAM) emanI gaNatarI phirojhazAhanA saradAromAM karI che. paraMtu ema karavAmAM enI bhUla che. e saiyada siMkadara mujAhida (eTale ke majahaba mATe laDanArAo) paikImAMnA hatA. e pachI emaNe tyAM ja vasavATa karyo hato. emane sulatAna taraphathI devalapura nAmanA eka gAmanI Avaka sadaMtara maLI hatI. e pachI e gAmanuM nAma badalI "makhaEmapura "(AjanuM makatupura, tAluko mAMgaroLa, jille jUnAgaDha) rAkhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. emanuM avasAna I.sa. 1421 mAM thayuM hatuM. emanI kabara tyAM mAMgaroLa najIka baMdara pAse che ane tyAM rasa bharAya che. 48. jemake eka vakhata pharamAna AvyuM ke vepArIo nAIla pAsenA TApumAMthI hAthI lAve che, rastAmAM emAMthI koI marI paNa jAya che, tenI kiMmata zAhI khajAnAmAMthI cUkavavAmAM Avaze. maleka zamsaddIna abU rajAe keTalAye hAthInI kiMmatanA paisA e marI gayA hovAnuM jaNAvI, banAvaTI bila rajU karI vasUla karI laIne hajama karyA hatA. (zIrA , "tArI kvottarazAhI' 9 ka 60). 49. cahyA karI, "tArorA muvArazAhI' pR. 1rUra; vAnI, "muttaravuta tevA , mA. 1, pR. 210-510; zIrAjJa sI, "tArI rorA, . 1 50. zamsa zIrAja aphIphanA "tArI narottarazAdI mAM A sAla ApI che, keTalAka itihAsamAM A banAva hi. sa. 78(I.sa. 1776-77)mAM bane. hevAnuM noMdhAyuM che. I-5-ja.

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prakaraNa 3 gujarAta saltanata sthApanA ane sthiratA dilhI saltanatanI sattA sAme gujarAtamAM avAranavAra baLavA thayA karatA hatA. Akhare e samaya AvyuM ke gujarAtamAM nAjhima svataMtra rIte vahIvaTa karavA lAge ne AgaLa jatAM emAMthI gujarAtamAM svataMtra satanata sthapAI. , nAjhima jhapharakhAna dilhInA sulatAna nAsiruddIna muhammadazAha tugalake I.sa. 1391mAM jhapharakhAnane nAjhima nImI gujarAtamAM mokalyo hato. ene putra tAtArakhAna dilhInI rAjakIya aMdhAdhUMdhI daramyAna potAnA taraphathI bhAga bhajavI rahyo hato, ane dilhI saltanatanuM tata hAMsala karavAnI mahatvAkAMkSA sevI rahyo hato. e I.sa. 1398 nA oNgasTa-sapTembaramAM gujarAtanA pATanagara aNahilavADa pATaNamAM Avyo ane eNe pitA jhapharakhAnane dilhI saltanatanI aMdhAdhUMdhIthI vAkepha karyo. ema karIne eNe gujarAtamAM eka baLavAna lazkara ekatrita karI dilhI jItI levAne potAne IrAde enI AgaLa pradarzita karyo, paraMtu jhapharakhAna te dUraMdezI ane mutsaddI heIne cAlu rAjakIya paristhiti ema karavA mATe pratikULa hevAnuM samajato hato, tethI eNe tAtArakhAnane e bAbatamAM AgaLa pagalAM na bharavA samajAvyo. eTalAmAM tImUranA AkramaNanI khabara paNa AvI ane tAtArakhAnane pitAnI yojanA paDatI mUkavI paDI. e pachI e gujarAtamAM ja rahyo ane jhapharakhAne IDara ane somanAtha upara AkramaNa karyA tyAre enI sAthe rahI ene e madada karato rahyo. tamUranI caDAI pachI salatanatamAM aMdhAdhUMdhI ane avyavasthA vyApyAM ene lAbha laI pradezanA hAkemo ane nAjhima svataMtra zAsaka banI beThA ane e ja rIte jhapharakhAne paNa dilhI salatanatanI sattAnI avagaNanA karI gujarAtamAM svataMtra rIte zAsana karavA mAMDyuM, paraMtu sulatAna tarIkane vidhisarane khitAba eNe dhAraNa karyo nahi.

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OM ju'] gujarAta saltanata H sthApanA ane sthiratA sulatAna muhummadazAhu 1lA (I sa. 1403 thI 1404) tAtArakhAne dilhI saltanata upara kAbU meLavavAnI majakUra mahattvAkAMkSAne tyAga karyAM na hateA. eNe I.sa. 1403 mAM enI purANI yeAjanA amalamAM mUkavA devAnI vinaMtI pitA jhapharakhAnane karI ane eNe evI khAtarI paNa ApI ke dilhInA leAkeA peAtAnA zAsaka tarIke mane jarUra svIkAraze.' sATha varSanI vayanA, rAjakAraNamAM rIDhA ane anubhavI jhapharakhAne e khATuM sAhasa sAthe vaheAravAnI saMmati krame karI ApI nahi. bUDhA bApa kAI paNa rIte enI mamatathI calita thAya ema nathI evuM tAtArakhAnane lAgyuM tyAre eNe thADA samaya bAda ene jakaDI laIne asAvalamAM keda karAvI dIdheja ane tyAM I.sa. 1403 nA Disembara 1404 nA jAnyuArI daramyAna 'muhammadazAha' khitAba dhAraNa karIne pAte takhta upara beTho. Ama nAjhima jharakhAna gujarAtane prathama svataMtra zAsaka banyA hatA, paNa gujarAtane prathama sattAvAra sulatAna te| ene putra tAtArakhAna thayuM. [51 takhtanazIna thayA pachI tarata ja sulatAna muhammadazAha bharUcanI pUrvamAM rAjapIpaLA pAse AvelA nAMdodanApu baLavAkheAra hiMdu geAhila rAjA gemalasiMhajIne ka nasiyata karavA pahoMcyA ane ene zaraNe lAvI enI pAsethI khaMDaNI bharavAnuM kabulAvyuM. tyAMthI e dilhInI dizAmAM karyAM tyAre pahADamAMnI ja galI AkhehavAne laI ne rastAmAM narmadA nadInA uttara kAMThA upara AvelA zineramAM enI tabiyata bagaDI ane e gujarI gayA. enA ekAeka thayelA avasAnanA kAraNanI bAbatamAM keTalAka itihAsakArA kahe che ke ene zarAbanI evI teA lata hatI ke takhtanazInI pachI me maDinA ane thADA divasamAM ja e enA bhAga banyA.7 e aMge khIjuM kAraNa- e paNa ApavAmAM Ave che ke jhapharakhAnanA nAnA bhAI zamsakhAna damadAnIne tAtArakhAne 'nunnatakhAna'ne khitAba ApI vakIlusa saltanata (mukhya vajIra) nImyA hatA. jhakhAne enI pAse chUpI rIte peAtAne khAsa vizvAsu mANasa mekalI enI mAraphata ene peAtAnI kharAba kedI dazAthI vAkepha karyAM ane tAtArakhAnane khatama karI peAtAne enI pakaDamAMthI cheDAvavA vinaMtI karI. zamsakhAna e samaye tAtArakhAna (sulatAna muhammadazAha ) sAthe zinAra najIka nAkhelI chAvaNImAM hatA. peAtAnA vaDIla baMdhune mukta karavA eNe peAtAnA bhatrIjA tAtArakhAnane zarAbamAM jhera10 apAvI bharAvI nakhAvyA ane e pachI asAvala paheAMcI jhapharakhAnane kedamAMthI bahAra

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para) salatanata kAla jhi, kADhayo (I.sa. 140ne phebruArI-mArca). Ama muhammadazAhe lagabhaga be mahinA rAjya karyuM. e pachI jhapharakhAne tAtArakhAnanI daphanakriyA pATaNamAM karAvI. upara mujabanI lAcAra avasthAmAM jhapharakhAne putrane marAvI to nAkhe, paraMtu e pachI jIvananI chellI ghaDI sudhI enI AMkhamAMthI rudananAM AMsu kadI sukAyAM na hatAM.11 sulatAna mujhapharazAha 1 (I.sa. 1407thI 1411) tAtArakhAnanA avasAna pachI traNa varasa ane cAra mahinAne samaya guja e bAda Akhare amIre saradAro ane sipAhasAlAronA Agrahane vaza thaI hi. sa. 81 (I.sa. 1407)mAM jhapharakhAna mujhaphphara khAne "mujhaphapharazAha' 13 khitAba dhAraNa karI, virapura mukAme zAhI nizAno dhAraNa karI potAnA nAmanI sikkA paDAvyA. Ama jAhera rIte e svataMtra sulatAna thaze. e pachI sulatAna mujhaphapharazAhe tAtArakhAnanA putra ahamadakhAnane pitAne vala ahada " (rAjya-vArasa) nAme ane ene rAjyavahIvaTanI tAlIma ApavA mAMDI. gujarAtamAM A banyuM te daramyAna mALavAnA sulatAna dilAvarakhAna(I.sa. 1401-1405)ne enA zAhajAdA a9pakhAne jhera apAvI mArI nakhAvyA hatA ane e pote "dUzaMgazAha khitAba dhAraNa karI takhta upara beTho hato. e dilAvarakhAna sulatAna mujhaphapharazAhane mitra hatA, AthI pitAnI takhtanazInI pachI eTale ke Isa. 1407nA sapTembara-okaTobaramAM mujhaphapharazAhe mALavAnA pAyatakhta dhAra upara caDAI karI sulatAna dUzaMgazAhane harAvyA ane giraphatAra karyo. 14 e pachI potAnA bhAI nusmata khAna eTale ke zarUkhAna damadAnIne eNe tyAMne zAsaka nI. eNe mALavAmAM e to kera vartAvyuM ke loko ene napharata ane dhikkAranI najare jovA lAgyA. lazkare ene tyAMthI tageDI mUkyo ane mUsAkhAna nAmanA, dUzaMgazAhanA pitarAI bhAIne enA sthAne zAsaka nImyo. e pachI dUzaMgazAhe mAphI mAgI ane AjIjI karI. taduparAMta enA putra muhammadazAhanI siphArane lakSamAM laI sulatAne valI ahada ahamadakhAnane mArgadarzana ApI dUzaMgazAhane pharIthI mALavAnA takhta upara sthApita karavA mokalyA. saphaLatApUrvaka sepelI kAmagIrI adA karI e aNahilavADa pATaNamAM parata AvyA (I.sa. 1408). A daramyAna mujhapharazAhe dilhInA sulatAna mahamUdazAhanI madade dilhI lazkara mokalyuM, paNa tevAmAM IbrAhImazAhe dilhIne ghere uThAvI letAM mujhapharazAhanuM lazkara pATaNa pAchuM pharyuM.

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3ju gujarAta sahitanI sthApanA ane sthiratA pi3. I.sa. 1409 mAM sulatAna mujhapharazAhe eka pheja amIra khudAvaMdakhAnanI sipAhAlArI nIce kacchamAM vAgaDamAM AvelA kaMthakoTamAM 15 rahetI mAthAbhAre TeLIone vaza karavA ravAnA karI. tyAM vijaya meLavI e pAchI AvI. vRddhAvasthAnI vividha prakAranI nabaLAIone laIne rAjyavahIvaTa karavAmAM azakta thatAM eNe agAuthI rAkhelA valI ahada ahamadakhAnane I.sa. 1410mAM ahamadazAha' khitAba sAthe takhta upara besADayo ane pote nivRtta thayo. e pachI pAMca mahinA ane tera divasa bAda e gujarI gayA (sa. 1411). mirUAte sikaMdarIno kartA tArIkhe bahAdurIzAhIne AdhAra ApI jaNAve che ke sulatAna mujhaphapharazAhe asAvalamAM koLI lekAe karelA baMDane samAvI devA ahamadakhAnane eka pheja ApI mokalyo. aNahilavADa pATaNanI bahAra jaIne eNe khAna sarovara najIka chAvaNI nAkhI. tyAM eNe ulemAonI majalisa bharI ane emAM emane prazna karyo ke je eka bIjAne anyAyI rIte mArI nAkhe to bharanAra zakhsanA putre enA bApanA mRtyunuM vera levuM e kAyadesara che ke nahi. emaNe hakAramAM phatavo Ape. e pachI e pATaNa Avyo ane enA dAdA mujhaphapharazAhane pakaDI jherano pyAlo pI javAnI pharaja pADI. sulatAne e samaye bhAre saMtApa anubhavyo ne ahamadakhAnane zikhAmaNa ApI. enI daphanakriyA pATaNanA killAmAM karavAmAM AvI (I.sa. 1411). 17 jhapharazAhanA pUrva mujhapharazAha gujarAtane najhama nimAye tyAre ene "mujhapharakhAnane ilakAba maLyo hate. enuM mULa nAma jhapharakhAna hatuM. e vajIrumulkane putra hatA. vacharumuka ane ene bhAI zamazerakhAna mULamAM TAMka jAtinA rAjapUta hatA. 18 emanuM mULa nAma anukrame "sadhArana ane "sAdhu hatuM. teoe potAnI bahena tugalaka zAhajAdA phirejhane paraNAvI hatI. pachI teoe dilhImAM vasavATa kare ne IslAma dharma aMgIkAra karelo. 19 pachI phirojhazAhe takhtanazIna thatAM teone khitAba ApI zAhI darabAramAM amIra banAvyA hatA. Ama gujarAtanA sulatAno mULamAM hiMdu rAjapUta hatA. sulatAna ahamadazAha 1la ogaNIsa varasanI kAcI vaye ahamadakhAna20 "ahamadazAha" khitAba dhAraNa karI sulatAna banyo (I.sa. 1411).

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saltanata kAla pitarAIone baLa sulatAna mujhaphaphazAhe pitA hayAta putronA hakkanI avagaNanA karIne A pautrane vArasa na hato, tethI pharejhakhAna, haibatakhAna, saAdata khAna ane zerakhAna nAmanA emanA cAra putra (eTale ke ahamadazAhanA cAra kAkA) ane pautro baLavo kare e svAbhAvika hatuM. teo paikIne vaDA pharejhakhAna tathA enA putra mede baLavo karavAnuM kAvataruM racavAmAM AgaLa paDato bhAga lIdhe. emane sAtha ApanArAomAM jIvaNadAsa khatrI ane prayAgadAsa nAmanA hiMdu saradAra paNa hatA.21 mALavAne sulatAna dUzaMgazAha sulatAna ahamadazAhanI muzkelIone lAbha levA Atura hatA, tethI, keTalAka AdhAra mujaba, sulatAna ahamadazAhe ene pitAnI mike belAvyo tyAre eNe enI vina DInI avagaNanA karI, jyAre bIjA keTalAka AdhAra mujaba, baLavAkhoroe sAthe maLI sulatAna dUzaMgazAhane dara kuce moTI rakama kharca peTe ApavAnI kabUlAta karIne potAnI madade bolAvyo.22 taduparAMta teoe gujarAtanA jamInadArone gheDA ane pozAka bheTa tarIke mokalIne potAnI sAthe joDAvAne pegAma pAThavyA. phirojhakhAne e baLavAnI netAgIrI lIdhI ane eNe jIvaNadAsane pitAno vajIra nI 23 e sarvee sAthe maLI eka lazkara bheguM karyuM ane khaMbhAta tarapha kUca karI. e pachI teo bharUca tarapha AgaLa vadhyA. jIvaNadAsa khatrIne vicAra pATaNa upara AkramaNa karavAnuM hatuM. e bAbatamAM amIromAM mAMDa matabheda paDayo ane jhaghaDA thayA temAM jIvaNadAsa khatrI mAryo ga.24 emAM ghaNAMkharAM sainya emano pakSa choDI daIne sulatAnane jaImaLyAM, AthI saMgha tUTI gayo. pharejhakhAne bharUca taraphanI kUca cAlu rAkhI, sulatAna ahamadazAha paNa e dizAmAM AgaLa vA. bharUca pahoMcI killAne ghere ghAle ane je amI ro ane baLavAkhoronA kabajAmAM bharUcanA killAno kabajo hato temanA upara eNe samAdhAnakArI patro lakhyA 25 jenA pariNAme baLavAkhore zaraNe AvyA. emane mAphI ApIne sulatAne phirojhakhAnanI jAgIra, je vaDodarAmAM hatI te, badalI navasArImAM ApI ane koI paNa prakAranI veravRtti rAkhyA vinA anya baLavAkhora amIrone paNa emanI jAgIromAM mekalI ApyA. sulatAna dUzaMgazAha mATe e baLavo nirAzAjanaka nIvaDyo, kAraNa ke muzkelI dUra thaI gayA bAda e gujarAtamAM Avyo. eNe ahamadazAhanI uttara

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ke je gujarAta sahitanA sthApanA ane sthiratA pa gujarAtamAMnI gerahAjarIne lAbha levA prayatna karyo. eNe verAna mArgethI tyAM AvI pahoMcI e bhAga upara AkramaNa karyuM. sulatAna ahamadazAha pUra jhaDape bharUcathI tyAM jaI pahoMcyo. daramyAna dUzaMgazAhane baLavo samI gayAnI khabara maLatAM e mALavA parata cAlyo gaye 2: A AkramaNa vakhate bahudhA eNe ghaNI lUMTaphATa karI hatI sulatAna ahamadazAhane eka amIra idulamuka enI pAchaLa pAchaLa gujarAtanI sImA sudhI gayo. eNe tyAMthI pAchA pharatAM je rAjapUta jamInadAroe sulatAna dUzaMgazAhane sAtha Apyo hato temane pakaDI sulatAna ahamadazAha AgaLa hAjara karyA ane eNe emane egya sajA karI. amadAvAda vasAyu A baLavo zAMta karyA pachI ahamadazAha asAvalamAM AvyA. tyAMnAM havApANI ene pasaMda AvyAM, AthI eNe potAnA pIra zekha ahamada kha gaMjabakSanI saMmatithI asAvalanI uttare navuM nagara vasAvyuM (I.sa. 1411). enuM nAma ahamadazAhanA nAma parathI "ahamadAbAda' rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. A ja hAla "amadAvAda' tarIke jANItuM che. ahamadazAhe have potAnuM pAyatakhta aNahilavADa pATaNathI tyAM khaseDayuM. pAdaTIpe 1. enuM mULa nAma "muhammada' hatuM. ane sulatAna nAsiruddIna muhammadazAha tugalake "tAtArakhAna' khitAba enAyata karIne ene vajIra nImyo hato. 2. mirAte sivArI, . 16 3. taNUkAte Avara, mA. 3, pR. 60; tArI kavitA (3 manuvA) mA. 4, 6. 181-182 4. mirmAte sirI(g. 22)mAM kartAe e jaNAvyuM che ke mujhapharazAhe asAvalamAM potAnA putra tAtArakhAnane takhta upara besADyo ane e pote nivRtta thaze paraMtu pAchaLathI e ja lakhe che ke gujarAtanA loka evuM kahe che ke tAtArakhAne potAnA beTA salAhakAranI caDavaNathI pitAnA pitAne keda karI rAjyanI lagAma potAnA hAthamAM karI lIdhI hatI. anya ItihAsamAM keda karyAnI vAtane samarthana maLe che (jema ke mirAte amarI, mA. 1, pR. 4 rU); joke saltanata taraphathI batAvelI je nedhe che temAM to jhapharakhAne vahIvaTa potAnA pu nA hitamAM choDI dIdhAnuM jaNAvavAmAM AveluM che ("tArI mahamUdazAhI', hastaprata, muMbaI).

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saltanata kAla 5. karajaNa nadInA kAMThe suratathI IzAna khUNAmAM trIseka mAIla upara e AveluM che. nAMdedanA rAjyane pradeza DuMgarALa hevAne kAraNe surakSita hovAne vizvAsa tyAMnA rAjAne hato, tethI sulatAnanI rAttAne e mAnya rAkhato na hato. AthI sulatAna muhammadazAhe enI upara AkramaNa karyuM hatuM. 5 mi Ate sikaMdarI, pR. 22; miAte ahamadI, bhA. 1. pra. 43; tabakAte avara, mA. 2, pR. 61-12. zrI ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva jeTa tyAM gohila rAjA gemalasiMhajI rAjya karato hato ema jaNAve che (gujarAtane sAMskRtika ItihAsa: islAmayuga, khaMDa 1, pR. 270). 7. tar#Ate mavarI, mA. 3, pR. 12 8. A kAraNa paNa ta2Ate gavarI, mA rU, pR. 22-rUmAM jaNAvavAmAM AveluM che. 9. zira vaDodarA jillAmAM narmadA kinArAthI thoDe ja dUra AveluM che. 10. "tArI muvArajarAThThI', pR. 172; tAte mavarI, mA. 2, pR. 22, paraMtu mitrAte sivArI (3. ra3) ane nirmAte amala (mA. 1, . rU-kara)mAM zansakhAna dandAnInuM nAma nathI. ene badale sulatAnano eka saMbaMdhI evo ullekha che. 11. mite sivArI, pU. 24; nirmAte mamatI, mAM. 1, pR. 44 12. tattvajJAte savarI, mA. 3, p. 12-13 13. itihAsamAM e mujhaphapharazAha pahelAnA nAmathI oLakhAya che. 14. "mAre-TTImI' mA. 2, pR. 1 rU4; tAro riztA' (u), mA. che, pR. 182, taNUvAte AvarI', mA. 2, . 24. Bombay Gazetteer, Vol V, p. 227, S. H. Hodiwala. Studies in Indo-Muslim History, p. 302 16. mira sAtesarI', (g. 27) ane 'mirAte adrumatI' (bhA. 1, pR. 24)mAM A vigata ApavAmAM AvelI che ane e ja pramANe tArI satIne gunarAtamAM paNa che. 17, "tArI vahAdurazAhInA AdhAre mitrAte sivaMzI" (. 28 vaDedarA)mAM mRtyuno samaya hi. sa. 813 nA saphara mahinAnA aMta bhAga (I. sa. 1410nA jUna) mAM Apelo che. "mirAte madhUmathI' (mA. 1 pR. 45)mAM paNa e ja che, paraMtu "tArI jiritA' mAM hi.sa. 814nI rabI-usa-sAnI (I.sa. 1411nI julAI) che (Briggs, Vol. Iv, p. 10).

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gujarAta saltanata H sthApanA ane sthiratA 18. mir Ate ahamadI, bhA. 1, pR. 45 15. mirAte sikaMdarI, pR. 7-10 20. gujarAtI saltanata daramiyAna sulatAna potAnA zAhajAdAonA nAmane cheDe khAna" rAkhatA hatA ane e paikI je kaI sulatAna thato te "khAnane badale zAha tarIke smaadhaa| (miraAte ahamadI, bhA. 1, pR. 45). 21. miraAte sikaMdarI, pR. 30 (43121); tabakAte akbarI, bhA. 3, pR. 95 bhane tArIkhe firiztA, bhA. 2, pR 358(bhuma)mA prayAsane ma vinAyasanu nAma . 22. tabaqAte akbarI, bhA. 3, pR. 96; tArIkhe firiztA bhA. 4 pu. 46 (GENRI). 23. tabakAte akbarI, bhA. 3, pR. 95 24. mi,raAte sikaMdarI, pR. 96 (43181) 25. tabakAte akbarI. bhA. 3, pR. 96; tArIkhe firiztA (SE), bhA. 4, pR. 183 26. tabakAte akbarI, bhA. 3, pR. 97

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prakaraNa : amadAvAdaH gujarAtanuM mazahUra pATanagara gujarAtamAM svataMtra salatanata sthapAtAM thoDAM ja varSomAM enuM pAyatakhta naharavAlA(aNahilavADa pATaNa)ne badale ahamadAbAda(amadAvAda)mAM rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. pAyatakhta sahatanatanA aMta sudhI tyAM rahyuM temaja mughalakAla tathA marAThAkAla daramyAna gujarAtanuM vaDuM mathaka paNa tyAM ja rahyuM. tyAra pachIya gujarAtanuM sahuthI moTuM ane mahatvanuM sAMskRtika kendra amadAvAda rahyuM che. sthAnanI pasaMdagI jema aNahilapATaka sarasvatIne tIre prAcIna lAkhArAmanA sthAna para vasAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM tema ahamadAbAda sAbaramatInA tIre prAcIna AzApalI(asAvala)nI bAjumAM vasAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM.' dilhI saltanatanA amala daramyAna asAvala gujarAtanuM eka mahatvanuM nagara gaNAtuM. alAuddIna khalajInI phoje aNahilavADathI seraTha tarapha kUca karI tyAre paheluM thANuM asAvalamAM nAkhyuM hatuM. muhammada tugaluka 1 lAnA samayamAM gujarAtanA amIroe baLavo karyo tyAre baLavAkhoronA AgevAna tagIne pIche pakaDavA sulatAna asAvala Avele ne varasALe lIdhe tyAM ene eka mahino rokAvuM paDayuM hatuM. muhammada tugalaka 2 jAnA samayamAM gujarAtanA navA nAjhima mujhApharakhAne nahAravAlA jatAM pahelAM asAvalamAM mukAma karyo hato. mujhapharakhAnanA putra tAtArakhAne pitAne asAvalamAM keda karI tyAM pitAnI svataMtra saltanata sthApI hatI. ahamadazAhe baLavAkhora amIrone vaza karI bharUcathI pAchA pharatAM asAvalamAM mukAma karyo hato tyAre ene tyAMnAM havApANI pasaMda paDayAM hatAM. vaLI A sthaLa dakSiNa gujarAtane kAbUmAM rAkhavA mATe nahAvAlA karatAM ochuM dUra paDe ema hatuM, AthI sulatAne sarakhejanA saMta zekha ahamada khanI salAha laI asAvalI bAjumAM nagara vasAvI tyAM pAyatanta rAkhavAnuM vicAryuM hatuM.

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4 thuM] amadAvAdaH gujarAtanuM mazahUra pATanagara amadAvAdanI sthApanA kahe che ke ahamadazAhe A navuM zahera vasAvavA mATe zekha ahamada khaTTa mAraphate pegaMbara elIjha athavA ala khijura khvAjAnI paravAnagI mAgI tyAre jemaNe baporanI namAjha kadI pADI na hoya evA cAra ahamada bhegA thaI khAtamuhUrta kare to zahera AbAda thAya evI AgAhI thaI zekha ahamada khaTTa ane sulatAna ahamadazAha e AvA be pAka ahamada hatA. gujarAtamAM zodha karatAM evA bIjA be ahamada paNa maLI AvyA : kAjI ahamada ane maleka ahamada zaheranI khAta-vidhimAM A cAra ahamada uparAMta 12 bAbAono paNa sAtha hato. koTa(rAjagaDha)nI dIvAlanA pAyAmAM pahelI ITa dakSiNa pazcima khUNAmAM mukAI ne tyAM mANeka buraja nAme buraja thayo, je hAlanA elisa pulanA pUrva cheDAnI dakSiNe Avela che. A burajanuM nAma "mANekaburaja ane zaheranA mukhya cokanuM nAma "mANekacoka mANekanAtha nAme bAvAnA nAma parathI paDayuM jaNAya che. mANekacokamAM mANekanAthanI samAdhi che e parathI tyAre amadAvAda pAse mANekanAtha nAme nAmAMkti sAdhu thayA hovAnuM saMbhave che. Ama amadAvAdanI sthApanA rAjagaDhathI ane rAjagaDhanI sthApanA nItya burajathI thaI ne e buraja mANekaburaja" nAme oLakhAyA. ahamadazAhe A sthAnane AbAda (vastIvALuM) karyuM tethI enuM nAma "ahamadAbAda" pADavAmAM AvyuM. gujarAtImAM enuM taddabhava rU5 amadAvAda' thayuM. hiMdu lekhake ene "rAjanagara" ane "zrInagara" tarIke paNa oLakhAvatA. sthA panAne samaya amadAvAdanI sthApanA mATe madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM judA judA samayanirdeza sUcavAyA che te paikI be svIkArya gaNAyaH 1. muslima tArIkha pramANe hi. sa. 813 nA jhilakAda mahinAnI 2 jI tArIkha ane guruvAra (tA. 26 mI phebruArI, I.sa. 1411) ane 2. hiMdu anuzruti pramANe vi. saM. 1468 nI vaizAkha suda 7 ne ravivAra (tA. 17mI eprila, I.sa. 1412). rAjagaDhanuM khAtamuhUrta hi. sa. 813(I.sa. 1411)mAM thayuM lAge che ne e gaDha hi. sa. 815-816(I.sa. 1413)mAM pUro thayA lAge che. to vi. saM. 1468 (I.sa. 1412)nI miti gaDhanA vAstupravezanI heI zake. bhAne killo amadAvAdanA nirmANano AraMbha je rAjagaDhanA bAMdhakAmathI thayo te "bhadrane killo' tarIke oLakhAya che. mirAte ahamadI'mAM ene "arakane kilo' paNa

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kI. saltanata kola . kahyo che.8 aNahilavADa pATaNanA killAne bhadra' kahetA tenA parathI amadAvAdanA A rAjagaDhane paNa leke "bhadra' kahetA. samaya jatAM A killAnA svarUpamAM ghaNa sudhArAvadhArA thayA che. chevaTanA bhAgamAM ene ATha daravAjA hatA. pUrvamAM be moTA daravAjA hatA. emAMnA mukhya daravAjAne "pIrAna pIrane daravAjo kahetA. hAla e bhadranA daravAjA' tarIke oLakhAya che. A daravAjAthI uttare AgaLa jatAM e haroLamAM bIje daravAjo hato te lAla daravAje. hAla e daravAjAnI dakSiNa bAjunI dIvAla ja mojUda rahI che, je sIdI saIdanI bharijadanI dakSiNe paDatA mArganI sAmI bAjue AvelI che. bhadrane killo pazcime nadInA taTa sudhI hato. asala bAdazAhI mahela nadInA kinAre hate. mirAte ahamadI' A killAnI pUrva pazcima laMbAI 487 ilAhI gaja ane uttaradakSiNa pahoLAI 400 IlAhI gaja hovAnuM jaNAve che killAnuM kSetraphaLa 43 ekara hatuM. ene 14 buraja hatA. pahelAM elisa pula A killAnA dakSiNa pazcima khUNAnI bahAra hato, te tUTI gayA pachI navo pula koTa teDIne mANeka burajanI uttare karavAmAM Avyo. sIdI saIdanI masjida lAla daravAjAnI uttare keTa toDIne bAMdhavAmAM AvI hatI. bhadrakALInA maMdiranI dakSiNe Avele AjhamakhAMne mahela gujarAtanA sUbA AjhamakhAMe 1637 mAM bhadranA daravAjAnI dakSiNa bAjunI dIvAla toDIne bAMdhyo hato. bhadrakALInuM maMdira A mahelanI uttara pAMkhamAM marAThA kAlamAM kareluM che. AjhamakhAMne mahela bhadranA killAnI pUrva dIvAla karatAM AgaLa AvI javAthI kiDalAnA mukhya daravAjAnI AgaLa bIje daravAjo umeravAmAM Avyo. bhadranA killAmAM AvelI aneka ImArata hAla nAmazeSa thaI gaI che. salatanata samayanI imAratomAM ahamadazAhanI marijada yathAtatha jaLavAI rahI che. ahamadazAhe bhadranA killAnI sAthe A masjida baMdhAvavA mAMDelI, te I.sa. 1414 nA DisembaranI 17 mI tArIkhe pUrI thaI hatI. nadI kinArAthI bhadranA daravAjAvALI dIvAla sudhI vistarelA A killAnI AgaLa moTuM gAna hatuM, ene "medAne zAha" kahetA. enI uttaradakSiNa laMbAI ka20 vAra ane pUrvapazcima pahoLAI 370 vAra hatI. medAnamAM moTe heja-phuvAro hato tyAM besI bAdazAha zukravAranI gujarI jotA. A medAnamAM amaladAre cagAnanI ramata ramatA. medAnanI pUrve traNa daravAjA AvelA che, tyAMthI zaheramAM javAya che. A daravAjA ahamadazAhe zahera vasAvyA pachI thoDA vakhatamAM ja baMdhAvyA hatA.

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amadAvAda : gujarAtanuM mazahura pATanagara zaherane vikAsa ahamadazAhe bhadrane kille bAMdhavA mAMDayo ne bIjA ja varSe e killAthI pUrvamAM thoDe aMtare zaheranI muslima janatA mATe jumA masjida baMdhAvavI zarU karI e 12 varSe hi. sa. 827(I.sa. 1424) mAM pUrI thaI. e amadAvAdanI moTAmAM moTI ane sahuthI bhavya majida che. enI pUrve ahamada zAhano rojo baMdhAye. enI cAre bAjue bajAra hatuM. mANekakanuM cauTuM zaheranA cAre bAjuthI AvatA rastAonuM kendrasthAna hatuM. tyAMthI eka sIdho mahAmArga uttaradakSiNa jato, jyAre traNa daravAjAthI Avato mahAmArga mANekacokanI uttara bAjue aTakato haze ne tyAMthI sAraMgapura tarapha jato mahAmArga mANekacokanI dakSiNa bAjuethI nIkaLato haze evuM mAluma paDe che. * pAMcakUvA daravAjo tathA prema daravAjo ane vicI roDa (gAMdhImArga) tathA rilIpha roDa (TiLaka mAga) navA heI, asala amadAvAdanuM Ayojana e be mArga vinA vicAravuM ghaTe. AgaLa jatAM A cAra mahAmArgo uparAMta tyAMthI uttarapUrve be trAMsA mArga ane dakSiNapUrve eka trAso mArga paNa jato evuM jaNAya che. 11 Ama amadAvAda zahera pUrepUruM nathI svastika prakAranuM nagara-Ayojana dharAvatuM ke nathI sarvatobhadra prakAranuM dharAvatuM.12 mANekacokamAM AvelI muharapaLa e zaheramAM sthapAyelI pahelI poLa hovAnuM manAya che. e anusAra ahamadazAhe zaheranI madhyamAM vepArIone vasAvyA gaNAya. 13 zaheranA mArgo, piLo ane mahelAomAM samaya jatAM ghaNA pheraphAra thatA rahyA che, tethI salatanata samayanA nagaranuM Ayojana nakkI karavuM muzkela che vaLI kayAre kayA varganA leka kayA mahellAmAM vasyA haze e paNa hAla jANavA maLatuM nathI. ahamadazAhe pitA rejo jumA masjidanI pUrva bAjue baMdhAvyo hato. e "bAdazAhane hajIro' kahevAya che. emAM sulatAna ahamadazAhanI, enA putra muhammadazAhanI ane pautra kubuddIna ahamadazAhanI kabaro AvelI che. bAdazAhanA hajIrAnI pUrva bAjue "rANIne hajIro" AveluM che. A hajIro paNa ahamadazAhe baMdhAvyA lAge che. 14 dilhI cakalAmAM AvelI kubuddInanI moTI masjida sulatAna muhammadazAha 1 lAnA samayamAM hi. sa. 853(I.sa. 1449)mAM baMdhAI hatI. amadAvAdanI dakSiNa pUrve AveluM kAMkariyuM taLAva sulatAna kubudIne baMdhAveluM "heje kuba" (I.sa. 1451) che. e 34 kaNanuM moTuM taLAva che. bakaracalamAM

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saltanata kAla 9i. bAge nagInA" che, jene hAla nagInA vADI' kahe che. taLAvanI bAjumAM sulatAne "dhaTAmaMDaLa" nAme mahela baMdhAvyo hato. gomatIpura pAse rAjapurahIrapuramAM AvelI hAlatA minArAnI masjida' kubuddIne hi. sa. 858 (I.sa. 1454) mAM baMdhAvelI suMdara masjida che. mahamUda begaDAnA amala daramyAna amadAvAdamAM aneka suMdara imArata baMdhAI jemake mirajhApuramAMnI rANI rUpavatInI masjida, zAhIbAgamAM Avelo dariyAkhAne ghumaTa, asAravA pAse harIpuramAM bAI harIre baMdhAvelI vAva (I.sa. 1499) ane majida vagere. A imAratonAM sthAne pasthI mahamUdazAha begaDAnA samaya sudhImAM amadAvAdanI vastI vattA ochA pramANamAM keTa vistAra uparAMta zAhIbAga asAravA rakhiyAla rAjapura-hIrapura kAMkariyA alImapura ane usamAnapura sudhI rahetI hovAnuM mAluma paDe che. mahamUdazAha begaDAe pAvAgaDha jItyA pachI varSano ghaNe bhAga cAMpAneramAM rahevA mAMDayuM, AthI have amadAvAda mATe paNa nAjhima nImavAnI jarUra rahetI. mahamUdazAhanA amIro paikI dariyAkhAne dariyApura, malika sAraMge sAraMgapura, malika alIme (rasulAbAda pAse) alImapura (ilamapura), malika hAjI bahAuddIne zAhapura bahAra hAjIpura, malika kALue kALupura, malika Isane Isanapura, tAjakhAna sAlAre tAjapura ane hiMdu amIra rAyarAyAe prAya: rAyapura ane rAyakhaDa nAme parAM vasAvyAM hatAM. sulatAnanI dhAva harIrabAIe harIrapura vasAvyuM, maMta zAhaAlama sAhebe rasulAbAda vasAvyuM. vaTavAnA kutube AlamanA ziSya saiyada usmAne usmAnapura vasAvyuM. kALupura pAse bhaMDerI nAme paDyuM hatuM. badhAM parAMo ane rAjagaDhane AvarI letA zaherane pharato koTa mahamUdazAha begaDAe hi. sa. 892 (I.sa. 1486)mAM baMdhAvyo. A koTanA asala svarUpamAM samaya jatAM pheraphAra thayA karyA che. tAjapura vagere puro nagara-AyojanapUrvaka vasyAM nathI tethI A zaheranI dakSiNamAM ArataDiyA daravAjAthI khAMco pADIne tAjapura-jamAlapurane samAvAya ema koTanI dIvAla dakSiNe vadhu AgaLa levI paDI che. satata samayanA dastAvejo jotAM emAM DhIMkavA, hAjA paTelanI piLa ane nIzApADAnA ullekha che15 khADiyA paNa mughalakAla pahelAMnuM hoya ema lAge che, 14 tArIkhe ahamadazAhI'(15 mI sadI)nA lekhaka kavi hullI zIrA gAyuM che ke AbAda thayeluM e navuM zahera dharatInA mukha paranA suMdara zyAma tala jevuM zobhI UThayuM; navuM zahera evuM thayuM ke jenI joDI e jamAnAmAM AsamAne joI nahenI,17,

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4 thu] amadAvAda : gujarAtanuM' mazahUra pATanagara [63 mahamUdazAha begaDAnA bharaNu pachI etraNa varSamAM gujarAta AvelA yurApIya musAphara khArosAe teAMdhyu che ke amadAvAda cAMpAnerathI mATu che, ghaNuM samRddhimAna che, emAM ghaNI vADIe bagIcA vagere che, rastA meTA ane suMdara che, ceAJAna sArAM che, paththara ane icUnAnAM dhoLAyelAM ane chAparAMvALAM che, enA kRvA ane taLAvamAM ghaNuM pANI che. 18 mahamUdazAha begaDAnA samayathI gujarAtanA sulatAne vadhu vakhata cAMpAneramAM rahetA thayA, e amadAvAda AvatA tyAre kAMkariyA pAse dhaTAmaMDaLanA maheleAmAM utArA karatA, AthI bhadrane bAdazAhI mahela vaparAtA e thaye|. bahAdurazAhanA samayamAM mughala bAdazAha humAyUe lazkara sAthe amadAvAdamAM kAMkariyA taLAva AgaLa paDAva nAMkhyA tyAre eNe A suMdara zaherane kaI nukasAna na thAya enI khAsa kALajI rAkhI hatI.19 gujarAtanI mukhya TakazALa amadAvAdamAM hatI. amadAvAdanA nAmavALA sikkAomAM amadAvAdane 'zahare muAjhama' (mahAna zahera) kahelu che.20 ahamadazAhe ahamadAbAda vasAvyuM tyAre AsteDiyA, asAravA, khAma darAla (dANI lImaDA) ane rakhiyAla--e bAjunAM gAmeAnA emAM samAveza karavAmAM AvyA; asAvala ane ma jhurIne parAM banAvavAmAM AvyAM, te khAmadarAla, asAravA, asapura, ca MdlADiyA ane ghATaleDiyAnuM havelI paragaNuM karavAmAM Avyu`.21 mughalakAlIna amadAvAda mula bAdazAha akabare gujarAta jItI lIdhuM tyArathI tyAM mudhala bAdazAhenA sUbedArAne vahIvaTa zarU thayA teenu vaDu mathaka amadAvAda hatuM. emAM aneka nAmAMkti sammedAra temaja bIrabala ane TADaramala jevA nAmAMkita mANasa amadAvAdamAM AvI vasyA hatA. 22 akabaranA samayanA abulaphajhale AIne akabarI'mAM nAMdhyu che ke amadavAda sAbaramatI upara sArI rIte noMdhAyelu' meATuM zahera che, sthaLa AAgyavALu che, tyAM AkhI duniyAmAM banatI cIjo maLI zake che, ene be killA che ne enI bahAra paNa zahera che. emAM pahelAM 360 parAM hatAM, paNa have 84 purAM sArI hAlatamAM che. paththaranI eka hajAra masjida che ne e darekane ambe minArA che.23 'tArIkhe phariztA'mAM lakhyuM che ke amadAvAda ekadare AkhA hiMdustAnamAM sathI suMdara zahera che ane ene kadAca AkhI duniyAmAM paNa sarvAMthI suMdara kahI zakAya. enA mukhya mAga ekI sAthe dasa gADI pasAra thaI zake teTalA paheALA che. 24

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saltanata kAla jha. sIjhara pheDarIka (I.sa. 1598) paNa amadAvAdane ghaNuM vizALa ane moTI vastIvALuM zahera kahe che. 25 akabaranI jema jahAMgIra bAdazAhe paNa amadAvAdanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. kAMkariyA taLAvanI racanA jahAMgIrane bahu gamI hatI. tyAre IDarane rANo tathA kacchanA rAva bAdazAhane maLavA amadAvAda AvelA. sarakhejanA bhAge AvelI phatehavADImAM amadAvAdanA kArIgaroe banAvela AbehUba phaLaphUla jeI bAdazAha bhAre acaraja pAmyA hatA. jahAMgIranA mukAma daramyAna amadAvAdamAM ghaNo varasAda paDe ne sAbaramatImAM rela AvelI. jahAMgIra kAMkariyAmAM rozanI ane AtazabAjInI meja paNa mANato. begama nUrajahAM sAthe e zaheranA bAgamAM besato ne machavAmAM besI nadImAM sahela karato. zAhajAdA zAhajahAMnI sUbAgIrI daramyAna dukALanA rAhatakAma tarIke I.sa. 1621-22 mAM amadAvAdanI uttare nadIkinAre zAhIbAga bAMdhavAmAM Avyo. aMgreja ane valaMdA vepArIoe amadAvAdamAM kaThI karI jahAMgIranI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. aMgreja elacI sara Tomasa roe amadAvAdamAM jahAMgIranI mulAkAta laI aMgrejone vepAra karavAnI chUTa ApatA karAranA be patra IMglenDanA rAjA jemsa 1lA para lakhAvyA hatA (I.sa. 1618). jahAMgIranA samayamAM lakhAyelI "mirAte sikaMdarImAM lakhyuM che ke amadAvAda zaheranI khUbI ja puravAra karI Ape che ke jemaNe zaherane pAye nAkhyo te cAre puruSo(ahamade)ne hAtha mubAraka hatA. emane lIdhe duniyAnAM zaheramAM A zahera caDiyAtuM gaNAyuM che. jamIna paranA tathA dariyA paranA musApharo kahe che ke AvuM manohara zahera bhUmi upara vaseluM bIje kyAMya nathI. vastInA pramANamAM bIjAM zahera moTAM haze kharAM, paraMtu bAMdhaNI ane dekhAvamAM amadAvAdanI barAbarI kare tevuM bIju zahera nathI.ra7 | mughala sAmrAjyamAM sonAnA sikkA pADavAnI je TaMkazALo hatI temAMnI eka amadAvAdamAM hatI. amadAvAdanA kArIgaro ghaNA kuzaLa hatA ne dilhInA rAjakuTuMba mATe tathA darabAra mATe amadAvAdanI kArIgarInI ghaNI cIja jatI. 17 mI sadInI zarUAtamAM AvelA aMgreja vepArIone amadAvAda laMDana jevaDuM moTuM zahera lAgyuM hatuM ne ghaNuM pasaMda AvyuM hatuM. zAhajahAMnA samayamAM gujarAtamAM vi.saM. 1687( I.sa. 1671-72)mAM satyAziyA kALa" tarIke oLakhAte meTe dukALa paDayo tyAre amadAvAdamAM

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3 amadAvAdaH gujarAtanuM mazahura pATanagara [5 bAdazAhanA hukamathI garIbone ane vaheMcavA mATe laMgarakhAnAM kholavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. sUbedAra AjhamakhAMe bhadranA killAnA dakSiNapUrva khUNAmAM I.sa. 1636 mAM moTo mahela baMdhAvyo. zAhajAdA auraMgajhebanI sabAgIrI (I.sa. 1644-1646) daramyAna amadAvAdamAM hiMdu-muslimanuM hullaDa thayuM ne sarasapuramAM AveluM ciMtAmaNinuM derAsara emAM gAyano vadha karI apavitra karavAmAM AvyuM. bIjuM hullaDa musalamAnamAM mehadavI paMtha sAme thayuM ne mehadavI paMthanA saiyada rAjunI katala karavAmAM AvI. zAhajahAMe auraMgajhebanI jagyAe bIjo sUbe nImI ene ciMtAmaNinuM derAsara pharI baMdhAvI ApavAno hukama Apyo. 28 auraMgajhebe bAdazAha thatAM amadAvAdanA zrImaMtane khuzAlInuM pharamAna mokalyuM. 1664mAM eNe amadAvAdamAM cAlatA keTalAka aniSTa rivAja baMdha karavA pharamAvyuM.29 e ja samayamAM Avela Tevarniyara lakhe che ke amadAvAda hiMdustAnamAM eka moTAmAM moTuM zahera che ne tyAM rezamI malamala ane kinakhAba vagerene jabare vepAra cAle che.* 1681 mAM amadAvAdamAM dukALane lIdhe moTuM hullaDa thayuM ke lokonuM ToLuM sUbedAra amInakhAnanI AsapAsa pharI vaLyuM. enA vakhatamAM bhadranI aMdaranA mahelone samAvavAmAM AvyA ne bina-muslima prajA para jajiyAvere nAkhavAmAM AvyuM. 1683mAM sAbaramatImAM moTI rela AvI ne zaheranA koTanI tathA bhadranA killAnI dIvAla ghaNI jagyAe tUTI gaI. bAdazAhe e rUA. 22,604 nA kharce samarAvI. 1684 mAM moTo dukALa paDo ne zaheramAM e varSanuM anAja mahesUla mApha thayuM. sUbA sujAta khAnanA amala (1684-1703) daramyAna amadAvAdanA keTanI, kAMkariyA taLAvanI ane zaheranI keTalIka jIrNa marijadonI marAmata karavAmAM AvI hatI. auraMgajhebanA bharaNa (I.sa. 1707) pachI mughala sattA nabaLI paDatI gaIne amadAvAda zaheranI paNa paDatI thatI gaI 1714 mAM heLI nimitte madana gopAlanI havelI pAse hiMdu-musalamAnanuM bhAre hullaDa thayuM. e varSe sAbaramatImAM moTI rela AvI ne zaheranA koTanI marAmata karavI paDI. junAnavA sUbAo vacce sattAnI sAThamArI cAlatI ne emAM marAThAone amadAvAdano pa-5-5

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SJC. Super comediesite : 31P13KMC (txx 2 3 4 5 arthe bhAga-koyakhe khAkhajahAnathI AoNDiyA-rAyapura sudhIne maLyA bAdazAhanA sUbAo ane marAThA saradAra vAMke dhakSaNA khyAla karyuM chIddhaMys 1758 daramyAna amadAvAdamAM e be pakSo vAsaMNa mATe laIo thaka karI Akhare sughala salAnI rahIsahI paNa tAbUda thaI AkhuM saMsadAvAda marAThAone kabaje AvyuM ! ! ! - B- B $: : - marAThA e nIce 2 : ! = ..jy < sj5 5. gujarAta nA mudha sattAne badale marAThata prApta darakhAmaNuM gujarAtanuM vaDu"aiya amarAI rahyuM. riddhiA linA bhAdAra hatA. nAnA pezvAnA pratinidhinIsatAM amadAvAdanA bIjA badhA daravAje hatI jyAre vaDodarAnA makavADanI sattA jamAlapura daravAje hatI. pezvA haM sUbe bhadranA killAmAM rahetA gAyakvA pratimiddhi gAyakavADanI havelImAM r . Jv A kAlanA AraMbhamAM lakhAyelI "mirAte ahamadImAM e samayano amavAdane hiMgatavAra vehane oN $ & Art : 0 zaherane pharato koTanuM ane emAM AvelA daravAjAnuM vigate varNana karyo bAda emAM 17 cakalAM ane 80 mukhya rastA gaNAvyA che. cakalomI" baMsI baMjhara, pAyarI kaNako, DhIke traNe lImaDAbharapura) aMTAdharapura ke akabarapura khADiyA) rara, ritoDiyA jamAlapura khAbaDa khAbaka zAhapura, IDaririyApura, saMdarajahAM ene jhaverIvADa vyio . ki vIi dira ane baha goha* 36 384, rakA hRto.' ezvara kalAka"obadalAtA have thaI gayAM hatAM. kaTokamAM purI thatAM eene A siAva navuM no 'apatA. egeu himA vai da dha hatA, emane keIlAka*rAna thaI gayA hatA to keTalAka vecAI javAtAmAM pheravAI gayA hatA. hiMduoe 'migara audIcya mike zrIgeDa vagere jJAtinA brAhmaNa, sivIla vagere banAvaDA ozrImALA egila vigere satie meza ane vikaNiyA, rAjapUta,prAcastha kaNabIokeLasejanIera, supika, suthArezvaranA rabArI kaNaka amariza Te ageIna. mite ahamadI' mAM brAhmaNanI 4ta, riska vIjhA azvarNikAnI mAtAnI yAdI ApI khrimukha saraNIoe dezavambAIsiArIo riddhine hA, vepArIomAM mukhya vaherA hatA. emAM sunIonI moTI kama hatI ane

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amadAvAdaH gujarAchags sazahUra pATanagara phiy ziyAonI nAnI kema. ziyAono vaDe "mullAM" kahevAya che. ziyA, bAra emAM dArUpiyA suleniyA vagere saMta vijaya che. mane { ' pezvAnA muLa zelakare zahesAM ghaNo jula na karyo, eNe gAyakavADanI havelI para caDAI karI havelI. la lIdhI. sAyakavADanA = lazakare jamAlapura daravAjethI dAkhala rdha bhadranA killA para humalo karyo ne rAjAnamAM yazanATTA rahetA zelakarane keda karI pUnA mokalyo (1800). Ama zelakare "halI letAM gujarAta eka pezvo, vArSika Avaka ApavAnI zarate amadAvALe che gAyakavADa ApyA. jy - j , . 5]} : +]. va jy I !! !! 186Isa. 1412)mAM ativRSTi thaI ne tIDa paDayAM tethI moMghavArI vadhI. saM. 1869(I.sa. 1813)mAM aNatara kALI paDayo che ke dekhAya che. vastI sudhI thaI gaI. sUbA sAdhu rAmacaMdranA sAjAM zaheramAM sADiyAonI madadathI sUbAne julama vadhI etiyA cADiyAne lekame bhadranA killAmAMthI pakaDI, mAthuM muMDAvI, ane hAra, paherAvI, avaLe gadheDe besADI bAda daravAje neITane va6 varavI, mArI nAkhyo. valaMdatI havelImAM rahetA velenTAIna A. jeIne habakI, yakSatA" " 5', ss f9 ; } ke pezvA ane gAyakavADa vacce amadAvAdanA ijArA mATe saMgharSa thata aMgrejonI madadathI 1817 mAM suleha thaI te mujaba ra gAyakavADane amadAvAda bajAre kAyama mATe maLe, paNa gAyakavADe amadAvAdanA badalAmAM hAI paragaNuM laI amAtrA mAM grejone soMpI dIdhuM. kheDAnA kalekaTara Dinalepe ja81 thI banIAkhare amadAvAdanA kabajo lIdho.35 amadAvAda have jirAtanuM pATanagara na rahetAM muMbaI ilAkAnA eka jillAnuM vaDuM mathaka banI gayuM zaheramAM hIrtha che !: t ; ; ; | 6 | ' / J; ; ziheranuM rakSaNa koTavAla nAme *amaladAra kare ene cabUtarA ( zako ) bhamAM hato. zaheranA celAomAM bIjA cabUtara" hama. zaheruM bahAra phojadAra aDiyA daravAjA bahAra : sUAvelA tapura, parAmAM raheto bAkhAnuM, bhadranA mukhya daravAjAmAM hatuM. be ghaDiyALIe ane 14 nagAracI hatI, sujha vahIvana daramyAna soTa (ke tAyaba sube hoTa che e) amadAvA rahe eka dIbatanI kacerI paNa amadAvAdamAM rahetI ala kAra najIka kula Avaka rU. 15,5hita 9 i ;.86 8 % ziw3s only

Page #99
68] salatanata kAla Arthika sthiti amadAvAda khaMbhAta-dhoLakAnA mahAmArga para AveluM heI saurASTra, aNu hilavADa ane bhaNya taraphanA vepAranuM mathaka hatuM. ahIM gujarAtanI salatanatanuM pAyatakhta thatAM e vepAra-udyoganuM mahatvanuM keMdra banyuM. bArabosA (15 mI sadI) lakhe che ke gujarAtanuM A navuM pATanagara bIjAM ghaNAM zahero ane baMdaronuM keMdra che.* amadAvAdanAM kinakhAba, mazarU ane sutarIke kApaDa khaMbhAtathI dezAvara jatAM ane kerAthI pekiMga sudhInAM pUrvanAM zaheranAM bajAramAM khUba khapatAM. AphrikAnA kinArA upara e kApaDa sonAnA badalAmAM vecAtuM ane ghaNI vAra enI sogaNI kiMmata UpajatI. 16 mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM khaMbhAtanA akhAtano upale bhAga purAI javAthI khaMbhAtanuM baMdara tarIke mahattva ghaTayuM ne pariNAme amadAvAdanA vepArane jarA dhakko lAgyo, chatAM amadAvAdathI dara dasa divase nikAsa mATe kiMmatI sAmAna bharelAM 200 gADAM khaMbhAta jatAM.37 1588mAM sIjhara pheDarika nAme musAphara lakhe che ke meM najare na joyuM hota to amadAvAdano AvaDe moTo vepAra che e huM mAnata nahi.38 1638 mAM meDele lakhe che ke "ahIMnA vepArIonA ADatiyA eziyAnA dareka bhAgamAM temaja konTaTinopalamAM hovAthI hUMDiyAmaNa sarasa ane phAyadAkAraka rahyuM che. AkhA eziyAmAM koI prajA ke keAI bhAla e bhAgye ja che ke je amadAvAdamAM jovA na maLe.39 1666mAM the lakhe che ke gaLInI nikAsa bahu moTI che, dilhI ane lAhorathI ghANuM kApaDa Ave che, zaheramAM banela sATIne makhamala TApheTa mazarU kinakhAba ane Unane mAla paNa caDe che. 1685 mAM jemIlI kererI lakhe che ke "amadAvAda udyogenuM vaDuM mathaka che, hidamAM sahuthI moTuM zahera che ne paMkhI ba tathA phUlenI addabhuta bhAtavALA enA kinakhAba mATe e venIsathI jarAya UtaratuM nathI.40 khaMbhAtane badale suratanuM baMdara khIlatAM amadAvAdanA moTA vepArIoe suratamAM paNa peDhIo kADhI. mughala kAlamAM ghaNI vAra hiMduo para musalamAne karatAM bamaNI jakAta rAkhavAmAM AvI hatI. marAThA kAlamAM te jAnamAlanI salAmatI paNa nahotI. AthI zaheramAM dANunuM ane karaverAnuM jora vadhyuM hatuM. pariNAme amadAvAdanI aMdara vepAra ghaNe ocho thaI gayo.

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amadAvAda : gujarAtanu... mazahUra pArTanagara ise amadAvAdamAM eka vakhate se| kArTidhvaja (karoDapati) hatA evI kiMvadatI che. amadAvAda eziyAmAM nANAvaTanuM meNuM keMdra hatuM. amadAvAdanA vepArIeAnA ADatiyA eziyA-yureApanA dareka meTA zaheramAM hatA. amadAvAdanI TUMDI game te zaheramAM khapatI te game te zaDeramAM amadAvAda uparatI dUDI maLI zakatI zuddha zarAphInA dhaMdhAne vaLagI rahetA nANAvaTI vadhAre AbarUdAra gaNAtA te 'pArekha' 'parIkha' agara 'parI' tarIke eALakhAtA. te rAjyane nANAM dhIratA, lazkaramAM paNa dhIradhAra karatA. dilhI AgrA ane pUnAmAM emanI peDhIenI zAkhAo nIkaLI hatI. dhaNI vakhata bajAranI Apalene badhA vyavahAra hUMDIthI ja cAlatA. amadAvAdamAM vaLI AMTane vahevAra cAlatA. eka AMTane khIjI AMTa apAtI, paNu rAkaDa nANAM joIe te! vaTAva kApavAmAM AvatA. AMTane saTTo cAlatA tethI AMTanA bhAvamAM dhaNI vadhaghaTa thayA karatI.41 saltanatanA samayamAM sulatAnanA mahelanI pAse medAne zAha'mAM zukravAre gujarI bharavAne rivAja hateA. DhAranuM bajAra paNa e divase bharAtuM. 4 thatuM amadAvAda udyogapradhAna zahera che. e pahelethI kApaDanA udyoganuM keMdra che, ahIM reTiyA ane hAthazALe!nAM kArakhAnAM hatAM. ahI' jADu temaja jhINuM-- baMne jAtanuM sUtara ka tAtuM ane vaNAtuM. sarakArI kApaDavaNATanuM khAtuM hatuM te rezamI ane kasakhI vATa mATenuM lAge che. jADA ane madhyama pAtanA kApaDa para raMgATInuM ane chApavAnuM kAma ghaNuM cAlatuM. 18 mI sadImAM iMglaeNnDanA lekAe ahIMnuM kApaDa AyAta thatuM edhu karI nAkhyu 4ra rezamI kApaDa mATe amadAvAda akhA dezamAM madUra hatuM. ahIMnuM rezamI kApaDa TakAu hatu. temaja enI upara jarI kasabanuM maneAhara kAma thatuM. dareka videzI musAphare A kApaDanAM muktaka The vakhANa karyAM che. amula phajhala lakhe che ke amadAvAdane rezamI mAla asAdhAraNa kArIgarIvALA che." marAThA vahIvaTamAM rezama udyoganI dareka kriyA upara jakAta letAM enI nikAsa maMda paDI te e udyogane dhaNA dheAkeA lAgyA.43 amadAvAda kinakhAbanA kAmamAM khAsa khyAti dharAvatuM. 1695 mAM eka musAphara lakhe che ke venIsanA jevA kasaba ane rezamane mAla amadAvAdamAM khate che te emAM phUlavelanI tathA paMkhInI suMdara vicitra bhAtA karavAmAM Ave che. kinakhAbanI jema makhamalanuM kAma paNa amadAvAdamAM sAru thatu. eka lAkha rUpiyAnA kharce amadAvAdamAM taiyAra karAvele makhamala upara kasabathI

Page #101
] is lhataNAla : 31s << ttNa* - : , . ! ! ! *. JE 5: bharele zamiyAna zAhajahane majare karavAmAM Avela ane hiMsA janmaja(I.sa. )mAM bAdazAhanA navajene divase darabAramAM bAMdhavAmAM AvyA hatA.44 - amedAvAdamAM dholAI bahu bhabhakAdAra thatI ema rita ahamada gaI che. gATI kAma paNa ahIM sAruM thatuM, khAsa karIne AchA raMganuM ane rezama paranuM sutarAu kApaDa tathA rezamI kApaDa para bAMdhaNI bAMdhavAno hunnara amo vAdamAM sAro cAlato rezamI tathA naMnA gAlIcA paNa ahIM sArA banatA. che, bIjA udyogomAM brAhu-kAmane lagatA hunnara agrima sthAna dharAve che. emAM senacAMdInAM dhareNAM tathA pittaLanI kalAkRtio khAsa beMdhapAtra che. kharAdIne ughoga, amadAvAdamAM sAro hato, emAM raMgaberaMgI lAkhanA raMga paNa noMdhapAtuM che. saltanata, samayamAM ahIM chIpanuM jaDita-kAma sAruM thatuM amadAvAdamAM cAmaDAnI DhAla sArI banatI; enI upara citarAmaNa paNa thatuM. pahelAM ahIM lakhaMDane udyoga sAro hato. amadAvAdanA suthAra sIsamAM kotaraNa karavA mATe jANItA hatA. amadAvAdanA lAkaDa-kAmanI kArIgarInA jUnA namUno Aje paNa videzamAM prazaMsA pAme che. lAkaDAnI parabaDInA ja neno kalAtmaka che. amadAvAda kAgaLa banAvavAnA udyoga mATe paNa jANItuM hatuM. : " sAratipha kAna : j | .. . . . #_jio-4 , it is | sudhala-kAlanI zarUAtamAM amadAvAdamAM, dAdU bhagate potAne maMca zarU karyo, je hAla uttara bhAratamAM pracalita che. A saMpradAya murabahA, saMpradAya athavA sahaja saMpradAya tarIke oLakhAya che. dAdanI vicArasaraNI kabara-thanI vicArasaraNI para ghaDAI hatI. amadAvAdamAM A paMthanuM eka maMdira che. .. . - amadAvAdamAM lekazAha nAme lahiyAe lAkhamasI nAmanA ziSyanA saha. kAthI, jinamatimAM ane jinapUjA niSedha karI jaina dharmamAM no saMpradAya sthApo, jenA anuyAyIo DhuMDhiyA ke sthAnakavAsI tarIke oLakhAya che . . amadAvAdamAM dharma, darzana ane nyAya para maulike saMdha virAma graMthonuM sAMpradAmika sAhitya ghaNuM lakhAyuM hatuM. ahIM A uparAMta lalita sAMhitAnuMmpaNa thoDuM sarjana thayuM hatuM. * * W: 17 mI sadImAM thelekSAnI ! ane maramI kavi akho, 14 mI sadImAM thayela garabA-garabIkAra vallabha bhaTTa, "ane vArtAkAra zAmaLa e gujarAtI sAhityane amadAvAde ApelAM bahu mUlya ratno che !' , ' + + + : " " * *

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4] amadAvAda : gujarAta rASTra pATanagara (71, * 3 jAnabAImAM vAkakSA tA-zilpakalAnA pazu sAre vikAsa thaye hatA. medAne zAhanA traNa vAgye vAstukalA tathA zilpakalAnI dRSTie darzanIya che. amadAvAdanI jumA masjida bhArata bharatI meATI ane bhavya masjidomAM sthAna dharAve che. 13) bAdazAhanA hajIrAmAM ArasanI kabare jovAlAyaka che. vedha hola(minAranI asjiI' hAla paNa abhadAsanuM smAraka garbhaya che ...ji pr $ geAmatIpura pAse eka tavAlAyaka . . ! IH. ma mahamUda begaDAnA 4AmayamAM baMdhAyelI aka mudamiSTide tathA jA merI rahela che. saltanatamAM asamAgamAM dhayelI sIdI saIdanI aziSadanI sarakArIka nakazIkAma dharAvatA AMLAe islabhI vo pakSInI cUnIke mazana Hu; biE s !! S amadAvAdamAM tamAma aMtakartika "suMdara masjida baMdhAI che, emA malo;"> JP ka ( FU ghumaTa ane minArAnI racanA temaja miharAba jALI ane kAtaraNI paratve islAmI vAstukalA vRdhdha zimalAnA uttarAttara vikAsa thatAM emAM apanAvAyelI keTalIka sthAnikakalArazailInI asaranuM addabhuta sa MyeAjana jovA maLe che. 47 mAonA' navA pa GPS siFn: 15 } } JH madI hAO vasa 2453 mAM baMdhAvela heja ketu" (kAMkariya tu, malama begaDAnA sabhyamAM vAyela amArI dAdA nIranI. vAva, zAhIbAgamAM nadI kinAre badhAyela mahela, bhadranA mukhya daravAnanI dakSiNe Isa 1636 mAM baMdhAyela AjhamakhAnane maoNla ane marAThAkAlamAM I.sa. 193 mAM aMdhAyelI gAyakavADanI havelI paNa amadAvAdanAM toMdhapAtra sthApatya " bhAge nagInA (nagInAvADI . bAge che ke tevADI ane zAhIbAga amadAvAdanA bhArata prasiddha mAMga hatA. aneka yuropIya musAe A bagIcAona mukta. kaMThe praza'sA karI che. * $ 1 (b YE * 14 > Ama gujarAtanI svataMtra saltanatanA AraMbhamAM zraMpAyeluEbhadAvAda e saltanatanuM pAyatakhta banyuM, vepAra-udyoganA eka meTA mathaka tarIke vikAsa pAmyuM. tenA eka meTA yudara ane samRdhera tarIke sajja thayuM. mughalakAlamAM enI jAheAjulAlI ghaNe maLe cAlu rahI paraMtu bhaDAkAlamAM e dhaNA pramANamAM ghaTTI grA daramyAna ahI` dhama sAhitya vAstukalA zilpakalA ityAdimAM paNa keTalIka gaNanApAtra pragati thaI. cAra, takatA mA lAMbA gALA daramyAna amuddAvAde ghaNI cuDatI-paDatI anubhavA. e pachI e samagra P L *}}}

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karI salatanata kAla gujarAtanuM vahIvaTI mathaka rahyuM nathI, chatAM audyogika kSetre uttarottara abhyadaya pAmatuM rahI gujarAtanA sAMskRtika jIvananuM mukhya kendra banI rahyuM che. pAdaTIpa 1. hariprasAda zAstrI, "AzA5llI-karNAvatI-amadAvAda, "vidyApITha", varSa 2. pR. 211, ke. kA. zAstrI, AzApallI-karNAvatI', gu.rA.sAM.i, caM. 1, pR. 377-80 2. ranamaNirAva bhImarAva, "gujarAtanuM pATanagara', pR. 24 ahamadazAhe AzA bhIlane harAvI tyAM amadAvAda vasAvyuM evI daMtakathA muslima tavArIkhamAM noMdhAI che, paraMtu e ghaTanA te solaMkI rAjA karNadeva 1lAnA samayamAM banI hatI. AzA bhIlanI putrI ziprA athavA asanI sAthenA prema khAtara ahamadazAhe tyAM rAjadhAnI banAvI e daMtakathA paNa vajUdavALI lAgatI nathI (gu.pI., pR. 28-29). evI rIte jaba kuttA para sassA AyA, taba bAdazAhane zahara basAyA / e vAta paNa lekapracalita daMtakathAnI koTinI che. 3. gu.pA, pR. 32, Commissariat, History of Gujarat, p. 92 4. A badhA dilhInA saMta nijhAmuddIna oliyAnA ziSya hatA. A bAra bAbAenI vigate mATe juo gu.pA., pR. 32, pATI. 5. gu.pA., pR. 30-33, 44, 571 6. ejana, pR. 59 7. vigatavAra carcA mATe, juo hariprasAda zAstrI, "amadAvAdanI sthApanAne samaya. "jaina vidyAlaya suvarNajayaMtI graMtha, bhA. 1. 8. mIrAte ahamadI (guja. anu.), bhA. , pR. 3 9. jana, pR. 5 10 thI 13. gu.pA, pR. 314-320 14. ejana, pR. 583-187, gusAM.i. I. yu. naM 2, 5. 422-4ra3 15-16. mIrAte ehamadI (guja. anu), bhA. 2, 5. 5 17. gu.5, pR. 57 18. ejana, pR. 113 19 ejana, pR. 66 20. ejana, pU. 21 1. mI.e, 5. 193-194 22. gu.pApU. 72-5

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amadAvAdaH gujarAtanuM mazahura pATanagara 23. ejana, pR. 114-15 24. ejana, 5, 115 25. ejana, pR. 118, pA.TI. 16 26. ejana, pR. 77-82 27. ejana, pR. 112 : 28. ejana, pR. 96-17 ra9. ejana, pR. 99-102 30. ejana, pR. 120-121 31. ejana, pR. 125-144 32. mI.e., pR. 8 33. ejana, pR. 134-143 34. gu.pA., pR. 152-156 35. ejana, pR. 157 . 36. ejana, pR. 449 37 thI 39. ejana, pR. 451 40. ejana, pR. 45ra-453 41. ejana, 5. 46369 42. ejana, pR. 485-86 43. ejana, pR. 505-507 44. ejana, pR. 94, 512, 514 45. . da. desAI, jaina sAhityane saMkSipta itihAsa, 5, 454 46. A samayanA sAhityasarjana mATe, juo mo. da. desAI, je. sA. saM i., pR. 454170; gu.pA, 5.758 thI 778; vi. ka. vaiva, "gujarAtI sAhityanI rUparekhA', 5. 62-72, 8489, dhIrubhAI ThAkara, gujarAta darzana, bhA. 1 (sAhitya); 5. 19-24, 3ra-38 vagere. 47. gu.pA., pR. 253-299

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DAi thayu $pione : gase cha9-7.5 jhukaraNa 5 che Pri es i- 4 , vege , ahamadazAha kamUrdazAha sala% 5 44 = . . rays sLa .JP c : 4 - 4 . , .da: ahamadazAha 1 (IkaLe bhaNa-1442) che . w5 % gujarAtamAM sadA mane sattAvAra pAahamadahiM dhiMtI (tArakhAna) muhaezanA ahadazAhanA dAdAnuzAhe e yAne sthira karyo. ahamadazAha . I. 1311) mAkhatIzIna thaye eNe pitarAIone baLa phAve evA ahemalabA vakhANyuM ne pAnakha dhAM pAsenuM ke hA 6 . . i si us wis K.44 badhAnA kAma ma ..: Jh: 55. ..te : -44 . ( thI 8 thai 3 . 3 - lA rAjayamAM baLavo thayA. emAM asaMtu, muslima amane. ja nahi, paraMtu rAjapUta rAjAoneya sAtha hatuM. emAM vizeSa karIne sulatAne - 'Jra 8 ahamadazAhanA dAdA mujhaphupharazAhanA purANuM sAthI maleka bela, jeNe phirojhakhAnane agAu madada karI hatI, teNe AgevAnI lIdhI. IDarathI gheDe cheTe AvelA lazkarI mathaka moDAsAne baLavAkhoroe pAnuM keMdrasthaLa rAkhyuM ane tyAM phakhAna sulatAnI hasana sulatAnI, ane anya amIra bhegA thayA. phIrojhakhAna ane ene bhAI hebatakhAna IDara gayA ane moDAsAnA killAne kiledAra amIra saiyada IbrAhIma nijhAma uphe ruphanakhAna baLavAkhorone AvI maLe. A samAcAra sAMbhaLIne sulatAne moDAsA tarapha kUca karI ane enI najIkamAM pahoMcI chAvaNI nAMkhI.1 sulatAne killAnI AsapAsa ghero ghAlyo. cAlu gherAe eNe samajUtI mATe prayatna karyo ane sArvatrika mAphI ApavAnuM vacana ApyuM, paNa enuM kaI pariNAma AvyuM nahi. chevaTe sulatAne killA upara AkramaNa karyuM ane emAM ene saphaLatA maLI. maleka baalA ane raphanakhAna mAryA gayA, IDaranA rAve zaraNAgata svIkArI, jyAre phirojhakhAna enA kAkA zarUkhAna daMdAnIne enI jAgIranA nAgoramAM jaI maLyo. sulatAna ahamadazAha e pachI amadAvAda pahae. Isa. 1413 mAM pATaNamAM usamAna ahamada sarakheja, sulemAna aphaghAna

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paNuM] ahamadazAha lAza amUdazAha 1la temaja rAha maleka bina zekha maleka nA musalamAna amIe baLavo karyo. emane jhAlAvADanA rAjA chatrasAlA tathA nAMdodanA rAjA jevA rAjapUta rAjA , ke. maLyo. mALavAnA sulatAna dUzaMgazAha sAthe madha mATe patravyavahAra cAlatuM hamasaMtu, amIro paNa A saMghamAM bhavya ghaNAM nagaroma baDA sahAyakoe chUTAMchavAyAM bRha ka , , } } 3 - 1 ! A samaye jhAlAvADa chAtrasAla sAme laDavA sulatAna ahamadazAha : pATanagaramAMnI enI gerahAjarIno lAbha laI, upara jaNAvyA mujaba, nAgezana AmatraNamA javApe sulatAnapradUgazAha gujarAtanA pradeza upara caDAI karI. eNe cAMpAnerathI dasa kosa upara AvelA sAvalI paragaNAnA prAMDu gamapa AgaLa AvIne paDhava nA sulatAna ahamadazAhe amIra imAdumukane eka moTuMbabhAskara ApI suilatAna dRzaMgazAha sAme laDavA AgaLa mokalyo. e ImAmuka gulAma AimAha gulAma hato tethI enI sAthe laDavAmAM sulatAna hazaMgazAhane badanAmA pakSapAtI hovAnuM jaNAyuM AthI?laDAI laDathA lagara ja eNe AvA tapha parata prayANa karyuM. bIjI bAju sarAhajAdA latIphakhAna ane nijhAmuhika zaha maleka ane jhAlAvADanA rAjA asAlane harI meraThaH tarapha tageDI mUkyA e rIte vijaya meLavI sulatAna amadAvAdamAM pAcho phI - ka thaDAIe vicAra ! ! " . " } } } }} cAI A ane jaya . _. . ] ? - ka have enI sAme saMgaThananI samasyA upasthita thaI hatI. eNe AsANA nIti apanAvIne virodhI ne dabAvI devAnuM kAma hAtha dharyuM che. mATe eNe prazna pagalA tarIke soraThanA dIpaka95 upara potAne, kabajo jamAvI levAnuM dharyuMe samaye e bhUmi upUra sauthI majabUta zAsaka ginAne cUDAsA rAjI meliga hato. enA purogAna, muMDalInuM mULa nAga jagata hatuM nAjhima jhapharakhAne I.sa 1394-96 mAM somanAtha ane jUnAgUDha upara caDAI karI te pachI eNe potAnI rAjadhAnuM vaMthaLImAM rAkhI 5 414s melige pATanagara junAgaDha jItI laIne tyAM rahetA muslima thANedArane tyAMthI hoka ko hato.parAMta " zimale ''bina zekha maleka ane jhAlAvADanA zrolatha patha hato tethI enA upare sulatona ahamadazAhe bhAre roSe bharAye, AthI I.sa.1414 mAM eNe e te kuca karI. " "+" Page #107
9. satata kAla pri. kabUla karyuM. sulatAne soraThamAM khaMDaNI vasUla karavA mATe be bhAIo saiyada abUlakhera ane saiyada kAsimane mUkyA ane pote amadAvAda I.sa. 1414nA sapTembara-okaTobaramAM pAcho Avyo. sulatAna ahamadazAha dharmacusta musalamAna hato. islAmanI mAnyatA mujaba hiMdu maMdirone nAza karavA mATenI prApta thayelI koI paNa taka e jatI karato na hato. muslima tavArIkhamAM jaNAvyA mujaba I.sa. 1415 mAM siddhapuranA rudramahAlayanA vikhyAta maMdiramAMnI senArUpAnI mUrtio toDI ane enA bAMdhakAmanuM masjidamAM parivartana karyuM. vaLI e varSe ahamadazAhe paradharmI para jajiyAvero nAkhyo ne enI vasUlAtamAM kaDaka nIti akhatyAra karI, jenA pariNAme islAmamAM dharmAtara karanArAonI saMkhyA vadhI 10 enI A prakAranI kAryavAhI jeIne hiMduone lAgyuM ke juvAna sulatAna ahamadazAha pitAnI lazkarI zAna vadhAravA tathA hiMduonAM pavitra dhAmone nAza karavA mahatvAkAMkSI banyo che, AthI I. sa. 1416 mAM IDarane rAva pUje tathA cAMpAnera, jhAlAvADa (mAMDala), nAMdeda, vagerenA rAjAoe enI sAme laDavA eka mitrasaMghanI sthApanA karI.11 emaNe mALavAnA sulatAna dUza zAhanI madada mAgI. sulatAna ahamadazAhanI pratiSThA dinapratidina vRddhi pAmatI jaI sulatAna dUzaMgazAhane hamezAM IrSyA AvyA karatI hatI tethI eNe emane madada karavAnI saMmati ApI. evAmAM khAnadezanA nasIre I.sa. 1417mAM potAnA baLanA garvamAM gujarAtanA tAbAnA naMdarabAra-sulatAnapura upara caDAI karI. eNe potAnA banevI ane mALavAnA sulatAna dUzaMgazAhanI madada lIdhI. A samAcAra maLatAveMta sulatAna ahamadazAhe maleka mahamUda bakIne enI sAme AgaLa ravAnA karyo ane DhIla karyA vinA enI pAchaLa eNe paNa kUca karI. gujarAtamAM sulatAnanI gerahAjarIne lAbha laIne IDarane rAva pUje, cAMpAnerane rAjA yaMbakadAsa, jhAlAvADanA rAjA chatrasAla ane nAMdedanA rAjAe saMgha banAvI saltanata sAme mAthuM UMcakyuM ane emanI sahAya mATe sulatAne dUzaMgazAha paNa gujarAta para caDI Avyo. 12 AvA samAcAra maLatAM sulatAna ahamadazAhe sulatAnapurano kabajo meLavavA ane nasIrakhAna sAthe laDavA maleka mahamUdane tyAM ja rAkhIne varasatA varasAdamAM uttara tarapha pAchI kUca karI ane e moDAsA najIka jaI pahoMcyo. enA AgamananA samAcAra jANI sulatAna dUzaMgazAha hatAza thaI gayo, have ene sulatAna ahamadazAha sAthe laDavuM jokhama bhareluM lAgatAM e mALavA

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pAmu ahamadazAha 1 lAthI mahadazAha le che tarapha pAcho pharyo, AthI rAjAone banele mitrasaMgha vikherAI gayo ane teo pitapatAnA rAjyamAM parata pahoMcI gayA. sulatAna ahamadazAha thoDA samaya moDAsAmAM rokAI gaye. e ja sAlamAM khAna Ajhama mahamUdakhAne soraThanA jamInadAronAM baMDa samAvI dIdhAM. khAnadeza bAjue evuM banyuM ke maleka mahamUda bakae hoziyArIthI kAma lIdhuM. nAMdoda taraphathI muzkelIo upasthita thayA karatI hatI tethI eNe ene lU TI kAbUmAM ApyuM. nasIre sulatAnapuramAMthI ghere uThAvI, nAsI jaI asIragaDhanA killAmAM Azraya lIdhe. maleka mahamUde ene pIcho karyo ane I.sa. 1418 nA jAnyuArInI tA 9mIe eNe e killAne ghere ghAlyo. e daramyAna moDAsAthI sulatAna paNa AvI pahoMcyo. chevaTe nasIre gujarAta upara AkramaNa nahi karavAnuM vacana ApyuM tyAre sulatAne ene javA dIdho ane AkhA khAnadeza uparane ene adhikAra paNa mAnya rAkhyo. baLavAonA jhaMjhAvAtamAMthI mukta thayA pachI sulatAna ahamadazAhe sulatAna dUzaMgazAhane ThekANe lAvavAne daDha nizcaya karyo. I.sa. 1418 nA phebruArI-mArcamAM e ujana pAse jaI pahoMcyA ane tyAM kAliya kaha taLAvanA kAMThe 13 paDAva nAkhyo dUzaMgazAhe paNa tyAM najIkamAM paDAva nAkhyo hato. ahIM baMne pakSo vacce bhISaNa yuddha AraMbhAI gayuM ane kaTokaTIne tabakko AvI pahoMcyA, paraMtu eTalAmAM maleka pharIda mALavAnA lazkaranI pAchaLanA bhAgamAM jaI pahoMcyo ane tyAMthI e dumananI haroLa upara ekAeka tUTI paDayo. tyAMnA sainikoe gabharAI jatAM nAsabhAga karI ane pariNAme sulatAna ahamadazAhanA hitamAM bAjI palaTAI gaI mALavI lazkara veravikhera thaI gayuM. eNe mAMDUmAM jaI Azraya lIdho. gujarAtanA lazkare mAMDUnA daravAjA sudhI mALavAnA bhAgatA sainikono pIcho karyo. A laDAImAM baMne pakSone ghaNuM nukasAna veThavuM paDayuM. AvI phatehathI sulatAna ahamadazAha uttejita thaIne mAMnI AsapAsa ghera ghAlI laDAImAM AgaLa vadhavA Icchato hato, paraMtu comAsuM najIka AvatuM hovAthI ane lazkara thAkI gayuM hovAthI, I.sa. 1418nA jUna-julAImAM sulatAna ahamadazAha AsapAsano mulaka tArAja karato ane lUMTaphATa macAvato caMpAnera ane nadedanA raste pAcho pharyo ane pAyatanta amadAvAdamAM zAnadAra khuzAlIthI dAkhala thayA.

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tho 19 1186 elano phAla 1956 c 11 kSaNa ! / ! mAMDayo. JH DTTU bAda sulatAna ahamadazAhe laDAI karavAne yeAgyAbhAsamAjatAM premanI Akramaka rIti karIza karI, temAM jmArabha eNe I.sa.1418nA aMtamAM cAMpAnera uparanA AkramaNathI karyAM. tyAM (pAtraDha ) beka jamata hatA tethI e jItI levA muzkela lAgatAM eNe enI AjubAjuna pradeza lUMTI khedAnamedAna karavA mATe tyAMnA rAjA tryaMbakadAsa bharAI gayA ane sultAna sAme TakavuM muzkela lAgatAM 4 sa. 141 muzkela lAgatAM I.sa. 1419 nA phebruArImAM e ene zaraNe gayA ane yogya khaNI uparAMta AkramaNamAM ene thayelo. kharca A eNe yu. temanA mAtA sulatAna aha ahamadazAhe najIkanAM pahADI pradezamAM praveza karI saMkheDA bahAdurapura pahoMcyA ane e pradezane tArAja karI tyAMthI eNe bhAre laTa meLavI. e pachI tyAM sa. 1419 nA mArcanI 20 mIe eka masjida ane killA badhAvyAM. baMnenA pAyA nAkhyA ane islAmanA pracAra artha tyAM kAjhI ane khetImAnI nimaNUka karI. F F i I {{ } ]] h la :/ maLavAnI soTI laDAI Face}}}}}} sa ]]! J* *'j}* e pachI e ja sAlanA eprilamAM seAnagaDha thaI mAMDU tarapha eNe peAtAnI sUtharathI A samAcAra sudhatAna dvagazAhane pahoMcyA tyAre ene khIju manu-sulanA ahamadazAha taraphathI Ave che evA bhaya lAgyo, tethI potAnA bhUtakALanA geravartana mATe mAphI mAgavA elacIe ravAnA karyo. tee ene dhArAmAM maLyA. sulatAna ahamadazAhanA salAhakArAe AvelI darakhAstane peAtAnA vikrama zreNIne e svIkArI levA ene salAha ApI ane eNe ene svIkAra karI. e pachI e I.sa. 1419 nA memAM amadAvAda sAA karyo. 3-24 mAM sulatAne AMtarika vahIvaTI-taMtra majabUta karyu ane rampanA saMrakSaNanI vyavasthA purI muzkela sthaLa upara killA caNAvyA ane lazkarI cALInI sthApanA karI jyAM jyAM lokA sAma thayA tyAM tyAM emane a. nAvI dIdhA ane maMdira pADI emane sthAna masjido cAvI. 1pa AvI yeAjanAone laI te jee sultAnanI sattAnI avagaNanA karatA hatA temana zAsaka muslima hAvAnI asaranA anubhava thavAnI zarUAta thai. * Pj + } } ${ latAna nyAyatatAM ho tyAre enrA samAcAra abA ke, sulatAna saMgamAna rAkhu mAM nahi ane kSe kAM gaye che, enI koI te khabara nathI" 'mALavaNiyAta che ejIyAthI sulatAna masA, enI upara AkramaNa karavA lalacAyA. e cAMpAnera thaI saMkheDA pAse mahIDIone

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prabhu ahamadazAha lAzI suhazAha 1 le paA sulatAna gAhe jAgara (orissA eka tarapha gamana, khArIpUrvakanA samAsArAma galata AhAdazAhe nI A hAjarI pUre lAbha levA nila karyo patnIdhdha mALavAnI rAjadhAnI mAMDavarAvijhA so vAsa nahi mane vadhu paDato hizkela dakSi, tarAne rahetA praka. sargamAM eNe nAmadAvAdanA sitArajp para Avela samuddha vAtrAdhAma mahezvarane killA saha karyo kyAMthI eNe. mAMDavara tarapha prayANa karyuM. chUsa, 142nA eprila 25e mAM jaI pahoMe. ane tyAM eNe paThANanA eNe killAne gherA lIdhe e pachI lakaranI TukaDIo cAre tarapha goThavIne maLavA pradeza ketunI nIe meDI levAnI enI mahattAkallA bara lAvavA lAyee Job >> Edu. < | dUzAha sulatAna adhidazAhanI pravRttionA samAcAra maLatAM taLada yA! hatho e azokakSa"tyAMthI prasthApihi. gujarAtI loka eAF pradazame che.lokabhAgapatAne be karI lIdho ane sulakSIne "ahamada judI judI sthaLe vahIvaTI amIrAnI nike karI lIthI ghad: * E| | c | | * * * * * * * * e ka divasa sAlu rahyo ane pakSe vacce jhanUnI athaDAmaNa thaI mATe vadhAre yogya rathaLazadhavAnI sattA ahamadazAhane pharaja paDI. I.sa. 12nA me tAmIe mAMDavagaMdhA e ujjaina gaye eNe e tarAno ke karyo ane comAsuM tyAM gALyuM. is e + 98, e pachI havAmAna sApha thaI gayuM eTale sapTembaranI tA. 7 mIe 19 eNe pharIthInI kAryavAhI zarU karI ane e mATe gunhAmAMthI vadhArAnI ma wvI / h ) +9jcs Jda che Pir ler . = 1 * vakhate tane duzaLazAhe ma LamAM bI laIne dhAka iha anesulatAna ahamardazAhanA karI tyAM hoya to tasara daradhArathI"ane praveza paNa. mArita miksa eno lokaphamAM navuM joma AiyuM. chelatAna aMhadazAhane khAtarI thaI gaI ke mAMDavagaDhanA jevo majabUta ane kudaratI rakSaNa dharAvanAre kilevamAM eka bhavigato) jahi, paNa aGiusurakela-kAma ]sk AzAe ghero ziznavI lIdhuM ane pradezane Amaja kankaravAnuM lasaNavatacuthI ujanaka robhAlabhanI madhyamAM AvelA sAgapuramadAMcI thayAM chamAM chAvaNI nAkhI. "kaTa rIM ane 5 e J. 9 IMJ?' marAyA, eTalA te :JF ; ; , , aAvA pahAyatA chAvaNa 54 55 :- 6 ': !< U 5 3 * * * - -

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* ' sahanata kola sulatAna dUzaMgazAhe kapaTa jALa pAtharavA mAMDI. agAunI peThe eNe sulatAna ahamadazAha sAthe saMdhi karavAno DoLa karyo. 21 Ama karI sulatAna dUzaMgazAha sulatAna ahamadazAhane gaphalatamAM nAkhI enA upara vaLatuM ociMtu AkramaNa karI bALa pheravavAno ghATa ghaDI rahyo hato, ane e emAM kAvyo. sulatAna ahamadazAha enA salAhakAronI salAha mAnI laIne sulatAna dUzaMgazAhanA dAvapecane bhoga banI gayo. agAu jema thayuM hatuM tema eNe lazkarane pAchA pharavAne hukama karyo. pariNAme svAbhAvika rIte ja saMrakSaNanI vyavasthA DhIlI paDI, AthI sulatAna duzaMgazAhe I.sa. 1422nA DisembaranI tA. 26mIe rAtri daramyAna ekAeka gujarAtanA lazkara upara humalo karyo. gujarAtI lazkaramAM kelAhala macI gayo, paNa thoDA samaya bAda sulatAna ahamadazAhe ane enA amIroe potAnuM gujarAtI lazkara saMgaThita karI lIdhuM ane teo sulatAna dUzaMgazAhanA lazkara upara tUTI paDayA. laDAImAM potapotAnI pratiSThA sAcavavA baMne sulatAna sAmasAmA AvIne bahAdurIthI laDayA ane baMne ghavAyA. A vakhate savAra thatAM sulatAna ahamadazAhanA mahAvate potAnA sulatAnane oLakhI gayA ane teo sulatAna dUzaMgazAha upara dhasI gayA. A badhe sAmaTo dhasAro joI gujarAtanA lakara sAme TakavuM asaMbhavita jaNAtAM sulatAna dUzaMgazAha nAsI chUTayo ane sulatAna ahamadazAha vijayI banyA. enA hAthamAM mALavAnA lazkarane rahI gayela tamAma zastra-saraMjAma AvyuM. sulatAna dUzaMgazAhe sAraMgapura pahoMcI tyAMnA killAne Azraya lIdhe. I.sa. 1423 nA mAncanI tA. 7 mIe sulatAna ahamadazAhe gujarAta tarapha prayANa karyuM. sulatAna dUzaMgazAhe sAraMgapura taraphathI pAchA AvI gujarAtI lakara upara pharIthI humalo karyo.22 sulatAna ahamadazAhe eno barobara sAmane karyo. paristhiti vikaTa banI gaI ane khuvArI bhAre thaI aMte sulatAna dUzaMgazAha hAryo. vijayI sulatAna ahamadazAhe gujarAta tarapha potAnI kUca AraMbhI. e I.sa. 1423 nA menI tArIkha 23mIe amadAvAdamAM AvI pahoMcyuM. A laDAImAM eTalI te khuvArI thaI hatI ke e sAlathI vizeSa gALA sudhI sulatAne koI paNa AkramaNanuM sAhasa upADayuM nahi. e pATanagaramAM ja rahyo ane eNe nyAya, rAjyavahIvaTa ane khetInA sudhArA upara pitAnuM dhyAna kaMkita karyuM.

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pAmuM. ahamadazAha 1lAthI mahamUdazAha 1le 8i1 IDaranA rAva pUjA sAthe laDAI ane ahamadanagaranI sthApanA je hiMdu rAjyone sulatAna ahamadazAhe zaraNe ANyAM teo paikImAMnuM eka IDaranuM rAjya hatuM. sauthI vizeSa samaya eTale ke I.sa. 1425 thI 1428 sudhI eNe sulatAna sAme Takkara jhIlI. banyuM hatuM evuM ke IDaranA rAva raNamalanA putra rAva muMjAe sulatAnane khaMDaNI mokalavAmAM DhIla karI hatI ane e mALavAmAM hatA tyAre sulatAna sAme chUpI rIte rAte khaTapaTa paNa karI hatI. A kAraNe sulatAne IDara upara I.sa. 1426mAM AkramaNa karyuM, AthI rAva pUje tyAMthI DuMgarALa pradezamAM nAsI chUTayo, e pachI sulatAne ene pradeza tArAja karavA mAMDyo. e banAvanA bIjA varSe rAvane haMmeza mATe dabAyele rAkhavA IDarathI daza kesa upara hAthamatI nadIne kinAre sulatAne pitAnA nAma uparathI "ahamadanagara" vasAvyuM.23 eNe enI AsapAsa paththarane killo bAMdho zarU karyo (I.sa.1427) ane tyAM paDAva nAkhI eNe bAMdhakAma pUruM karavA tarapha khAsa dhyAna ApyuM. tyAMthI IDara tarapha TukaDIo mokalIne AsapAsanA gAmo ane khetaromAMnA pAkane nAza karavAnuM kAma zarU karyuM. rAva pUjAe A badhe tAla joIne sulatAnanA ghAsa levA AvanAra mANaso upara ociMtA tUTI paDI vera levAnuM cAlu karyuM. aMte e lAMbA samaya sudhI laDatAM laDatAM kaMTALe tyAre moTI khaMDaNI ApavAnuM kabUlI suleha karavI sulatAna upara eNe kaheNa mokalyuM, paraMtu e vAre vAre suleha karI ene bhaMga karyA karato hato tethI sulatAne chevaTa sudhI laDI IDarane kabaje levAno nizcaya karyo. eNe pitAnA taraphathI laDAI cAlu ja rAkhI eTale rAva pUjAne nAsabhAga karatAM karatAM ane chupAtAM pharatAM pharatAM laDAI cAlu rAkhyA sivAya chUTako na hato. eka vakhata DuMgaromAM nAsatAM nAsatAM e eka khAI AgaLa AvI caDyo tyAM eka bAjue UbhI karI hatI ane bIjI bAjue UMDI khINa hatI, e be vaccene rasto ghaNA sAMkaDo hato. rAva pUje tyAM pahoMcyo tyAre sulatAnanI TukaDI enI pAchaLa AvI rahI hatI. ene hAthI rAva pUjAnA gheDAnI najIka AvI pahoMcatAM ghoDe tathA rAva baMne khINamAM paDI gayA ane marI gayA. 24 bIje divase eka kaThiyAre enuM mAthuM kApI laIne sulatAnanA taMbumAM hAjara thayA. sulatAne IDarane kabaje lIdhe (29mI phebruArI, I.sa. 1428). A prasaMge sulatAna ahamadazAhe vIsalanagara pradezane paNa tArAja karyo. rAva pUjAnA putrepa mAphI mAgI moTI rakama khaMDaNI tarIke ApavAnuM kabUlI saMdhi karI. sulatAna

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8] saltanata kAla mi. amadAvAda tarapha pAchA pharyAM. khIje ja varSe IDaranA rAve TharAva mujaba khaMDaNInI rakama cUkavavAmAM AnAkAnI karI, tethI sulatAna IDaramAM i.sa. 1428 nI navembaranI 13 mIe AvyA tyAre rAva kAIka jagyAe nAsI gaye|. sulatAne IDaramAM rijada badhAvI ane e pachI e pAyatatamAM pAche! pharyAM. IDaranI laDAImAMthI phArega thayA pachI sulatAna ahamadazAhe kSetraNa va vahIvaTI sudhArA karavAmAM gALyAM. emAM lazkara ane nANAMne lagatA sudhArA mukhya hatA. mahesUlI khAtAmAMpaNa e upara sarakArI kAmU rAkhavA mATe yogya sudhArA karavAmAM AvyA. dakhkhaNunA ahamanI rAjya sAthe laDAI I.sa. 1429mAM rAjA kAnhA(kRSNa)neka hiMdue pratyenuM sulatAna ahamadazAhanuM kharAba vartana joI evu lAgyuM ke IDaranI laDAI khatama thayA bAda sulatAna ahamadazAha enA upara vera lIdhA vinA raheze nahi tethI e dakSiNa tarapha bahumatI sulatAna ahamadazAha (I.sa. 1422- 1435) pAse gulamaga mAM jaI paheAMcyA. e sulatAne ene eka phrIja ApI, te laI kAnhA nadarabAra jillAmAM tyAMnA pradeza lUTavA tathA tArAja karavA ravAnA thaye|. A samAcAra gujarAtanA sulatAna ahamadazAhane maLyA tyAre eNe peAtAnA zAhajAdA muhammadakhAnane peAtAnA keTalAka mahAna asIrA sAthe mekaklyA, e gujarAtI lazkare bahumanI lazkarane harAvyu' ane dolatAbAda tarapha bhagADI mUkayuM. A samAcAra bahumatI sulatAnane maLyA tyAre eNe peAtAnA zAhajAdA alAuddIna ahamadanI sipAhasAlArInI nIce gujarAta upara AkramaNa karavA tathA kAnhAne pharIthI enA rAjyamAM sthApita karavA mADhyA. A lazkara dolatAbAda paheAMcyuM ane tyAM khAnadezane nasIrakhAna ane kAnhe rAjA ene AvI maLyA. gujarAtanA zAhajAdA muhammadakhAna peAtAnuM lazkara laI pelAM mitra-rAjyeAnI phAjo sAme dolatAbAda tarapha gayA. e zaheranI IzAnamAM 38 mAIla upara AvelA khAnadezamAMthI dakhkhaNamAM javAnA ghATa mANekapu jamAM 27 mATI laDAI thaI temAM pelAM mitra-rAjyeAnI hAra thaI ane zAhajAdA alAuddIna ahamada dolatAbAda nAsI gaye| nasIrakhAna ane kAnhA khAnadezamAM bhAgI AvyA, zAhajAdA muhammadakhAna naMdarabAra jaI rahyo. e pachI sulatAna ahamadazAha bahumanIe vadhArAnAM lazkara melyAM ane khAnadezamAMthI nasIrakhAna ane kAnhA enI sAthe joDAyA, paraMtu pharIthI dakhkhaNanA lazkarane zikasta maLI. A rIte gujarAta ane bahumanta saltanata vacce sa Mdha zarU thayA ane e e varasa cAlyeA.

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5 muM]. ahamadazAha 1 lAthI mahamUdazAha 1le [83 I.sa. 1430mAM bahamanInA vajIra malekutatujAra khalapha hasana basarI ane bahamanI zAhajAdA alAuddIna ahamade sAthe maLIne gujarAtanI dakSiNa sImA para Avela mAhIma ane enI AjubAjune pradeza jItI lIdho. gujarAtanA sulatAnanA hukamathI zAhajAdA jhapharakhAne khuzkI lazkara vaDe ane enI sAthe joDAyelA dIvanA koTavAla muglisumukanA naukAsainyanI madadathI bahamanI sulatAnanI sattA nIcenA uttara kaMkaNanA mukhya nagara thANAne kiTale sara karI lIdho ane tyAMthI teo mAhImanA TApu sudhI pahoMcI gayA. dakhaNa sipAhAlAra jhanUnathI laDyo, paraMtu aMte ene nAsI chUTavAnI pharaja paDI. e pachI 60 hajAranuM moTuM lazkara tathA 60 hAthIo sAthe bahamanI sulatAna taraphathI AvelI vadhArAnI madadathI thANAM pAchAM meLavavA khalIpha hasane bhAre prayatna karyo, paraMtu enuM lazkara hArI gayuM ane gujarAtI lazkara vijayI thayuM. zAhajAde jhapharakhAna e pachI mAhImamAM Avyo ane Akho mulaka kabaje karyo 28 bahAmanI sulatAnanuM bAgalANa upara AkramaNa majakUra zikastanA samAcAra sAMbhaLI bahamanI sulatAne vera levA gujarAta ane dakhkhaNanI sImA upara AvelA gujarAtanI sattA nIcenA bhAgalANa upara AkramaNa karyuM (I.sa. 1431-32). e samAcAra maLatAM gujarAtane sulatAna ahamadazAha naMdarabAra tarapha enI sAme gaye, AthI bahamanI sulatAna gulabarga pAcho pharatAM eNe mArgamAM gujarAtanA tAbAnA taMbolanA 29 killAne ghero ghAlyo, paraMtu emAM ene saphaLatA maLI nahi. A killAnA rakSaNa mATe AvI pahoMcelA gujarAtI sulatAna sAthe laDAI thatAM enA lazkaranI bhAre khuvArI thaI. aMte bahamanI sulatAna hatAza thaI pAcho pharyo. hiMdu rAjAo sAthe sulatAne karelI laDAIo paikI I.sa. 1433 mAM karelI aMtima hatI. e sAlamAM e mevADa bAju nAgora tarapha ravAnA thayA. rastAmAM nagaro ane gAmaDAM lUMTato ane vinAza kareto tathA maMdira teDato e AgaLa vaLe. rAjA mahArAvala gaNeza(gaja pAla ke gepInAtha)nA DuMgarapura upara eNe chApo mAryo ane ene khaMDaNI ApavAnI pharaja pADI.3deg A laDAI daramyAna rAThoDa rAjAoe paNu zaraNe AvI khaMDaNI ApavAnuM kabUlyuM.31 mALavA upara AkramaNa I.sa. 1435 mAM sulatAna dUzaMgazAhanA avasAna pachI enA uttarAdhikArIo pAsethI vajIra mahamUda khalajIe pAyatakhta meLavyuM ane e "mahamUdazAha' khitAba

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salatanata kAla dhAraNa karI mALavAnA takhta upara beThe, tyAre gAdInA asala vArasadAra masIde takhta pAchuM meLavI ApavA mATe sulatAna ahamadazAhane AjIjI karI. pariNAme I.sa. 1438 mAM sulatAne mALavA upara AkramaNa karyuM ane mAMDUne ghero ghAlyo. e lAMbo samaya cAlu rahyo. eTalAmAM enI chAvaNImAM marakI phATI nIkaLI ane be divasamAM keTalAka hajAra mANasa marI gayA, tethI ene amadAvAda parata AvI rahevuM paDayuM (I.sa. 1439). mALavAthI AvyA bAda lagabhaga traNa varasa jeTale samaya e be ane I.sa. 1442 nA ogasTanI tA. 12mIe enuM avasAna thayuM.33 sulatAnanuM mUlyAMkana gujarAtanI samagra muslima saltanatane sthApaka jhapharakhAna mujhapharazAha 1lo) hatA. sulatAna thayuM hovAnI vidhisaranI jAherAta agAu enA putra tAtArakhAne (muhammadazAhe) karI hatI tethI e A vaMzane prathama sulatAna gaNAya, paraMtu gujarAtanI salatanatano vaMzakartA te ahamadazAha ja hato tethI e vaMza "ahamadazAhI vaMzanA nAmathI oLakhAya. e nyAya ApavAmAM vaMza pada ane saMbaMdhanI paravA karatuM na hatuM. khUnane badalo khUnathI levAnA siddhAMtamAM e mAnato hato.34 enA 3ra varasanA lAMbA zAsanano lagabhaga moTA bhAgano samaya gujarAtanAM hiMdu rAjya ane gujarAta bahAranA paDozI muslima sulatAne sAthe laDavAmAM gayo hato. vijayanI enI kAryavAhImAM AkramaNa sAthe lUMTa ane pradezanI tArAjI paNa hatAM. e e samaye eka vicitra krama ja hate. ene zAMtithI rahevAnA gAbha bhAgyeja paDatA, je e vege vahIvaTItaMtra goThavavAmAM gALatA hatA. giranAranI chata pachI je kaMI kArya eNe karyo te uparathI evuM tAraNa nIkaLe che ke gujarAtamAM thaI gayelA sulatAne paikImAM e sauthI vizeSa asahiSNu hato. islAmanA kAnUnanuM e daDhatAthI pAlana karato hato. ene majahaba tarapha vizeSa Asakti hatI. hiMduo sAme laDavuM e majahabI kArya hovAnuM e gaNato hato. I.sa. 1414mAM eNe maleka tuhaphA nAmanA amaladArane "tAjumukIne khitAba enAyata karI, maMdira toDI ene sthAne majida UbhI karavAnI kAmagIrI seMpI hatI. je leke sAme thayA temanI pAsethI pharajiyAta jajiyAvero ugharAvavAmAM Avato hato. e bAbatamAM eNe evI to sakhtAI karI ke gujarAtamAM grAsa ane mevAsanAM nAma e pachI saMbhaLAtAM baMdha thaI gayAM.37

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paNuM ahamadazAha 1 lAthI mahamUdazAha 1 le eNe keTalAMka bAMdhakAma paNa karAvyAM hatAM, te paikI navuM pAyatanta amadAvAda ane emAM eNe baMdhAvela bhadrane rAjagaDha, enI aMdaranA zAhI mahela ane majida, traNa daravAjA, jAme masjida vagere khAsa noMdhapAtra che. muhammadazAha 2 (I.sa. 1442-1451) sulatAna ahamadazAha pachI ene sauthI vaDe zAhajAde muhammadakhAna "giyAsudaduniyA vaddIna muhammadazAha" khitAba sAthe takhtanazIna thayA. gujarAtanA hiMdu rAjAone zaraNe lAvavAnuM sulatAna ahamadazAhanuM adhUruM kArya sulatAna muhammadazAha 2 jAe cAlu rAkhyuM. I.sa. 1446 mAM eNe IDaranA rAjya upara AkramaNa karyuM. musilama tavArIkha mujaba IDarane rAva ene zaraNe Avyo ane eNe pitAnI rAjakuMvarI e sulatAna joDe paraNAvI. A khUbasurata kuMvarIe potAnA pitAnuM rAjya emane pAchuM suparata karAvyuM.38 A vattAtane hiMdu pustakonuM samarthana maLatuM nathI. IDarathI sulatAne vAgaDanA pradeza upara caDAI karI. DuMgarapurane rAjA gaNeza (gajapAla ke gopAla ke gopInAtha) bIkane mAryo nAsI gaye. sulatAne ene pradeza lUMTaphATa karI tArAja karyo tethI e ene tAbe thayo ane eNe bhAre nukasAnI ApavAnI zarate enI sAthe saMdhi karI.39 I.sa. 1449mAM sulatAna muhammadazAhe cAMpAnera upara caDAI karI. tyAMne rAya gaMgAdAsa bahAdurIthI enI sAme khullI laDAImAM jhajhUmyo, paraMtu emAM e phAvyo nahi ane eNe pAvAgaDhanA pahADI kiTalAmAM jaI Azraya lIdhe. sulatAne ene ghero ghAlyo. tyAM pote tyAre musIbatamAM sapaDAyo hovAnuM jaNAtAM rAya gaMgAdAse mALavAnA sulatAna mahamUdazAha khalajInI pAse moTI rakama pezakaza tarIke ApavAnI zarate sahAya mAgI. sulatAna mahamUdazAha khalajIe paisAnA lebhamAM ene svIkAra karyo ane moTuM lazkara laI dAhoda AgaLa AvI eNe tyAM chAvaNI nAkhI. A samAcAra sAMbhaLIne sulatAne tyAMthI ghere uThAvI pAchI haThIne sAvalI paragaNAmAM koThaDA gAma pAse AvIne mukAma karyo hovAnI khabara maLatAM mahamUdazAha khalajI mAMDU cAlyo gayo. e pachI sulatAnanI bImArIe gaMbhIra svarUpa pakaDayuM tethI eNe amadAvAda tarapha kUca karI ane tyAM I.sa.1451 nA phebruArInI tA. 10mIe enuM avasAna thayuM. ene amadAvAdamAM enA pitAnA rojAmAM daphanAvavAmAM AvyuM.

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(pra. 8] saltanata kAla sulAtana muhammadazAhamAM na te enA bApanA jevuM cAritrya hatuM ane na to enA jevI lazkarI kAbeliyata hatI, paraMtu e AnaMdapriya svabhAva dharAvato hato. e ati udAra hato, jethI e "jharabakSI (svarNadAtA) nAmathI oLakhAte hate. e sthApatyane zokhIna hato. eNe enA pitA ahamadazAhanI kabara upara eka moTo guMbaja caNAvyo hato. eNe mazahUra sUphI zekha ahamada khaTTano makabaro paNa kArIgarI sAthe taiyAra karAvyo hato. sulatAna kabuddIna ahamadazAha urphe ahamadazAha 2jo | (I.sa. 1451-1459) sulatAna muhammadazAhanA avasAnanA traNa divasa bAda amIroe enA sauthI moTA zAhajAdA jalAlakhAnane "kubuddIna ahamadazAha'nA khitAbathI takhtanazIna karyo. e vakhate enI vaya mAtra 20 varSanI hatI. A juvAna sulatAnane takhta upara besatAM ja eka bhayAnaka AkramaNano sAmano karavA AvyA. mALavAnA sulatAna mahamUdazAha khalajIe A vakhate eka moTuM lazkara ekaThuM karyuM ane eNe naMdarabAranA pradeza upara caDAI karI. sulatAnapurane killo sara karI e cheka bharUca sudhI jaI pahoMcyo. eNe bharUcane ghero ghAlyo, paraMtu e bharUcano killo laI zakyo nahi ane eNe pAyatakhta amadAvAda tarapha kUca karI. e lazkara AgaLa vadhatuM vaDodarA AvyuM ane tyAM eNe paDAva nAkhe. cAMpAnerano rAya gaMgAdAsa ane anya rAjAo enI sAthe tyAM joDAyA. vaDodarA zaherane tArAja karI e kapaDavaMja pahoMcyo. sulatAna kubuddIne enI sAme laDavA 40 hajAra ghoDesavAronuM lazkara laI mahI nadI upara AvelA khAnapura-vAMkAneranA evAre chAvaNa nAkhI.41 baMne pakSenAM lakara sAmasAme AvI jatAM I.sa. 1451 nI eprilanI 1 lI tArIkhanI rAtrie sulatAna mahamUdazAha khalajI pitAnI chAvaNI choDI ociMtuM AkramaNa karavA nIkaLyo, paraMtu raste cUkI jatAM aMte hatAza thaI pitAnI chAvaNImAM parata pahoMcyo. sulatAna kubuddInane A vAtanI mAhitI maLatAM eNe AkramaNa karyuM. moTI laDAI jAmI. emAM gujarAtanA lazkaranI eka pAMkhanI khuvArI thaI chatAM chevaTe javalaMta vijaya sulatAna kubuvanano thayo. sulatAna mahamUdazAha khalajI 81 hAthI ane tamAma zastra-saraMjAma choDI nAThe. rastAmAM e pradezanA kALIoe enA lazkarane khUba herAna karyuM ane ene bhAre nukasAna pahoMcADavuM.

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ahamadazAha 1 lAthI mahamUdazAha 1 lA [97 5 suM] cittoDanA rANA kuMbhA sAthe laDAI gujarAta ane mALavAnA sulatAne sAme barAbara Takkara jhIlI zake teve emaneA baLavAna pADeAzI cittoDane rANA kuMbhakarNa urphe kuMbhA (I.sa. 1428-1488 ) hatA. e samaye mAravADanA nAgAramAM zamsakhAna IMdAnInA putra phIrAjhakhAna( mR. I.sa. 1453)nA putra zammukhAnane takhta uparathI uThADI mUkI eneA kAkA mujAhidakhAna takhtanazIna thayeA hateA, tethI nAgeramAM vArasAha bAbatamAM jhadhaDe! cAlu thayA hatA. enA lAbha laI rANA kuMbhAe e pradezanA kabajo lIdheA,42 AthI kSusakhAte gujarAtamAM enA jamAI sulatAna kutbuddIna pAsethI nAgeAranA rakSaNa mATe sahAya mAgI ane eNe eka phoja ene sahAya karavA mATe mAkalI, paraMtu rANAe e phAjane harAvI ane eneA vinAza karyAM temaja nAgeAranA pradezane tArAja karyAM, paraMtu killAne *bajo e laI zakayo nahi. A samAcAra maLyA bAda I.sa. 1456 mAM sulatAna kutbuddIne peAtAnI hAranuM vera levAne kuMbhalagaDha upara caDAI karavA kUca karI. rastAmAM zireAhI pAse tyAMnA rAjA khetA devaDA sulatAnane maLavA AvyA ane peAtAnA vaDavAe taraphathI UtarI AvelA je Azrune killA rANA kuMbhAe pacAvI pADayo hatA te meLavI ApavA ene AjIjI karI, AthI sulatAne maleka zAkhAna imAdulamudrakane khelAvI, ANune kabajo laI ziAhInA rAjAne soMpI devA hukama karyo ane peAte AgaLa vadhyeA. sipAhasAlAra maleka zAkhAnane pahADI pradezamAMnI lazkarI kAryavAhI aparicita hovAthI e Akhu najIkanI eka khINamAM gUMcavAI paDayo ane rANA kuMbhAnAM sainye!e meTI khuvArI sahita ene sakhata hAra ApI. A khabara sulatAna kutbuddInane kuMbhalamera( ke kuMbhalagaDha )nA killA najIkamAM maLI. e vakhate e rANA kuMbhA sAthe laDatA hatA. rANAe e killA uparathI nIce AvI laDAI karI. sulatAna e mazahUra killAnA kabajo laI zakayo nahi, chatAM muslima tavArIkhakArI kahe che 343 rANAe zamsakhAnane nukasAnI mATe moTI rakama ane sulatAna kutbuddInane bhAre khaMDaNI ApI ne saMdhi karavI paDI. muslima tavArIkha mujaba, Ama chatAM, I.sa. 1456 mAM sulatAna mahamUdazAha khalajIe eka elacI-maMDaLa kutbuddIna pAse mokalyuM ane enI mAraphata mevADanA mulaka upara agni khUNAmAMthI mALavAne sulatAna ane naiRtyamAMthI gujarAtanA sulatAna AkramaNa kare ane jItyA pachI mevADanu rAjya baMne vacce vaheMcI levuM, evA karAra thayA.44

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saltanata kAla pra. Ama nakkI thayA bAda I.sa. 1457 mAM sulatAna mahamUdazAha khalajIe kUca karI ane e maMdara pahoMcyo. sulatAna kubuddIne rANanA pradeza tarapha kuca karI ane Abune kilo kabaje karI e khetA devaDAne seMpI dIdho. e pachI e kuMbhalamera tarapha AgaLa vadhyo ane enI AjubAjune pradeza tArAja karyo. e samaye rANo kuMbha cittoDanA kilA upara hato. sulatAne e killA para AkramaNa karatAM rANAe khaMDaNI ApavAnuM svIkArI saMdhi karI, e pachI sulatAna gujarAtamAM AvI rahyo. traNa ja mahinAmAM rANAe karArane bhaMga karIne nAgara upara AkramaNa karyuM. vajIra maleka zAbAna ImAdulamuke e khabara sulatAnane pahoMcADI ane tethI sulatAna kubuddIna enuM mukhya lazkara laI ravAnA thaye. A samAcAra sAMbhaLI rANo pAcho pharyo ane sulatAna kubuddIna amadAvAdamAM AvI rahyo. thoDA samaya bAda sulatAna kubuddIne zirohInA rAjya tarapha kUca karI ane tyAMthI AgaLa vadhI rastAmAM AvatAM nagara luMTI eNe kuMbhalamerane ghero ghAle, paraMtu emAM phAvI zakAya ema nahi lAgatAM e cittoDa gayo. Akhare e kaMI paNa kAmayAbI meLavyA vinA pAyatakhta pAcho pharyo. A laDAIo bAbatamAM ema jaNAya che ke musalamAna tavArIkhakAra sulatAna kubuddInane hamezAM vijaya thayela jaNAve che ane rAjapUtanA ahevAle enI hAra thayelI hovAnuM AgaLa kare che.45 cittoDanA samakAlIna kIrtistaMbha-lekhamAMnA vidhAna anusAra rANA kuMbhAe gujarAta ane mALavAnI senAne parAjaya Apyo hato.' sulatAnanuM avasAna pAyatakhtamAM pAchA pharyA pachI sulatAna kubuddIna mAMdo paDyo ane I.sa. 1459 nA menI tA. 23mIe7 28 varSanI vaye bharajuvAnImAM gujarI gayo. kahe che ke sulatAnAe potAnA pitA zarUkhAnane gujarAtanuM takhta maLe evA udezathI sulatAnane jhera ApI marAvI nAkhyA hatA. sulatAnanA dAdA ahamadazAhanA amadAvAdamAM AvelA mANekacekamAMnA rojAmAM enI daphanakriyA karavAmAM AvI hatI. sulatAnanuM mUlyAMkana sulatAna Ama to ghaNe bahAdura hato, paraMtu eNe dArUnA nazAmAM bhAna bhUlI phUra kArya karyA hatAM.

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muM ahamadazAha palAthI mahamadazAha 1le 89 sulatAnane makAna bAMdhavAne ghaNe zekha hato. I.sa. 1451 mAM amadAvAdamAM AvelA kAMkariyA taLAva (heje kuba) tathA enI aMdaranI nagInAvADI nAme oLakhAte bAga eka mahela sameta eNe taiyAra karAvyAM hatAM. e uparAMta sarakheja vaTavA ane amadAvAdamAM eNe masjido ane makabarA baMdhAvyAM hatAM. dAudakhAna (I.sa. 1459) sulatAna kubuddInanA anugAmI tarIke enA amIroe enA kAkA dAUdakhAnane pasaMda karyo ane takhta upara besADo. takhta upara beThA pachI tarata ja eNe kharcamAM agya kApakUpa karavA mAMDI. taduparAMta je amIroe ene enI takhtanazInImAM madada karI hatI te mane khaseDI enA mAnItA amIronI nimaNUka emanA sthAne karI, AthI e nArAja thayelA amIroe ene padabhraSTa karI enI jagyAe, keTalAka tavArIkhakAro mujaba, sAta divasa ane bIjA keTalAka tavArIkhakAro mujaba, 27 divasanA48 gALAmAM ja sulatAna muhammadazAhanA bIjA zAhajAdA ane sulatAna kubuddInanA nAnA bhAI phahakhAnane takhta upara besADavAne nirNaya karyo. phahakhAna A vakhate enI vAlidA mughalI bIbI sAthe mahAna sUphI zekha zAhaAlama(ma. Isa. 1475)ne tyAM raheto hato. mughalI bIbIne samajAvI ene amIra mahelamAM lAvyA. e samaye nebata vagADavAmAM AvI. enA avAja sAMbhaLI kAraNa jANyA pachI sulatAna dAUdakhAna nAsI chUTayo ane eNe zekha ahamada rUmI nAmanA sUphIne murIda (ziSya) thaIne zeSa AyuSa AyAtma-jIvana jIvIne gALyuM. mahamUdazAha begaDe (I.sa. 1459-1511) dAudakhAna pachI sulatAna muhammadazAha 2 jAne nA putra phahakhAna takhta upara beThe (I.sa. 1459).* A samaye enI vaya mAtra 13 varasanI hatI. eNe "abulaphaha mahamUdazAha' khitAba dhAraNa karyo. itihAsamAM e sulatAna "mahamUda begaDo' nAmathI jANItA thayA amIranuM kAvataruM takhtanazInI pachI keTalAka mahinA bAda ene khaseDI enA kAkA habI-- khAnane sulatAna banAvavAnA virodhI amIrae yojelA kAvatarAne ene sAmane karavo paDyo. e vakhate purANA heddedAro paikImAMthI eka mAtra sulatAna kubuddIna ahamadazAhane vachara, jeNe ene takhta hAMsala karavAmAM madada karI hatI te, maleka

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90) satata kAla pri. zAbAna imAdulamuka ja enA pada upara cAlu hato. enA pratye salatanatanA mahAna amIrAne TheSa hato. emaNe sulatAnane e vajIranI sAme caDAvyo ane sulatAnane padabhraSTa karavAnuM kAvataruM e yojI rahyo hovAnuM jaNAvyuM. sulatAnane rAjakIya AMTIghUMTI aparicita hatI tethI eNe vajIrane keda karAvyuM. rAtri daramyAna maleka zAbAna nirdoSa hovAnuM jaNAtAM sulatAne enI vAlidA tathA potAnA khAsa amaladAro sAthe masalata karI ane maleka zAbAnane mukta karI, dagAbAja amIrane keda karI emanAM makAna lUMTI levAno hukama karyo. tophAnI amIrone A hukamanI khabara maLI tyAre teo zastrasajaja thaI potAnI phoja sAthe bhadramAM AvyA. e samaye sulatAna pAse tyAM mAtra traNa sipAIo hatA, paraMtu enI pAMcasocha hAthIonI phoje humalAkhoro upara AkramaNa karyuM. amIronuM lazkara sAmane karI zakyuM nahi tethI nAsI chUTayuM. e pachI e amIronI giraphatArI karAvI sulatAne emane egya sajA pharamAvI. A rIte sulatAna mahamUdazAhe kAryadakSatA vAparI pitAnI sAme thayeluM kAvataruM niSphaLa banAvI dIdhuM, vaLI vaphAdAra amIrane UMcA hedA ane jAgIra ApI rAjyanA staMbharUpa banAvyA. bahamanI sulatAnane madada mALavAnA sulatAna mahamUdazAha khalajIe bahamanInA bALa sulatAna nijhAmazAhanA pradeza upara caDAI karI, AthI sulatAna mahamUdazAha begaDA upara rAjarakSaka taraphathI madada mATe vinaMtI AvI.para sulatAna mahamUdazAha begaDAe be vAra (1461 ane 1463 mAM) mALavAnA lazkarano rAha rokI ene pIchehaTha karavAnI pharaja pADI. vaLI mALavAnA sulatAnane jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM ke je have pachI bahamanInA bAla sulatAna para AkramaNa karavAmAM Avaze te gujarAtanuM lazkara mALavAnA pradezane khedAnamedAna karaze. A dhamakInI dhArelI asara thaI. pAraDI para AkramaNa - I.sa. 1464 mAM sulatAna mahamUdazAhe vartamAna valasADa jillAmAM AvelA killA pAraDInA hiMdu rAjA upara AkramaNa karyuM, kAraNa ke e cAMciyAgIrI karato hovAnuM enA jANavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. AkramaNa thatAM rAjAe khaMDaNI ApavAnI tathA vatana sudhAravAnI zarata kabUla rAkhI.pa3 jUnAgaDhanI chata I.sa. 1467 mAM sulatAna jUnAgaDhanA cUDAsamA rAjA mAMDalikanA pradeza upara AkramaNa karavA bhAre taiyArI sAthe nIkaLyo ane giranAra paranA uparakeTa

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pAmuM. ahamadazAha 1 lAthI mahamUdazAha 1le [1 pAse pahoMce. rAjA mAMDalika ane enA sainikoe killAnI bahAra AvI AkramaNane sabaLa sAmano karyo, paraMtu rAjA ghavAI jatAM teo keTamAM bharAI gayA. sulatAnanA sainikoe A pradezamAM bhAre lUMTaphATa calAvI, AthI rAjA mAMDalike aMte tAbedArI svIkArI khaMDaNa ApI, eTale sulatAne ghere uThAvI lIdhe ane e amadAvAda parata gayo. bIje varase eTale ke I.sa. 1468 mAM sulatAnane evI khabara maLI ke rAjA mAMDalika chatra ane kiMmatI hIrAjaDita zRMgAra sajIne ThAThathI mUrtipUjA karavA jAya che, AthI 40 hajAra ghoDesavAra ane moTI saMkhyAmAM hAthIonuM lazkara jUnAgaDha tarapha ravAnA karyuM. eNe rAjA mAMDalika zaraNe na Ave te egnI pradezane ujajaDa karI de evo lazkarane hukama Ape. A samAcAra sAMbhaLI rAjA mAMDalika gabharAI gayo ane eNe chatra ane zRMgAranI vastuo tathA anya dAgInA sulatAnane mokalI ApyA.54 e pachI e lazkarane pAchuM belAvI levAmAM AvyuM. paraMtu sulatAne game te rIte jUnAgaDha jItI levA dhAyuM hatuM, 55 AthI I.sa. 1469mAM pharIthI jUnAgaDha upara AkramaNa karyuM. e samaye soraThamAM eNe praveza karIne cAre taraphane pradeza lUMTI verAna karyo. rAjA mAMDalike A badhuM je sulatAnane jaNAvyuM ke huM niyamita khaMDaNa bharuM chuM ane Apane tAbedAra chuM. sulatAne javAbamAM kahyuM ke huM paisA mATe AvyuM nathI, paraMtu saurASTramAM IslAmanA pracAra mATe Avyo chuM, tethI koI paNa prakAranI dalIla karyA vinA mota ane IslAma benI vaccenI tamane pasaMdagI karI lo. AthI rA' junAgaDhanA uparakoTamAM bharAI gayA ane tyAM sakhata rIte gherAI gayo. sulatAne jUnAgaDha pAse chAvaNI nAkhI. mAMDalike tathA enA sainike ene sAmane karyo ane bhAre Takkara jhIlI. chevaTe khorAkanI taMgIne laIne bhAre muzkelI UbhI thaI tethI rAjAe tAbe thaIne killAnI cAvI sulatAnane soMpI. musilama tavArIkha mujaba, sulatAne rAjAne musalamAna thavAnuM kahyuM ane chevaTe eNe tene svIkAra karyo.5 e pachI sulatAna thoDo samaya jUnAgaDhamAM rahyo ane enA rakSaNanI vyavasthA karI. aMte pahADanI taLeTImAM enI pAse eka navuM zahera vasAvIne enuM nAma eNe mustaphA (eTale ke allAhanI prasannatA pAmela evA peigambara uparathI 'mustaphAbAda' pADayuM. e pachIthI e enAM pAyatakhta paikInuM eka gaNAyuM. ema karavAmAM eno uddeza soraThamAM IslAmano pracAra karavAne hate.

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12] amadAvAdanA adobasta sulatAna Ama lAMkhe| samaya ( I.sa. 1470-71 ) giranArane gheza dhAlavAmAM rAkAyelA rahyo hatA tyAre cAMpAneranA mULarAja jayasiMhe cAMpAnera57 ane amadAvAda vaccenA pradezamAM lUMTaphrAya karI ene khedAnamedAna karyA hatA, AthI I. sa. 1471 mAM sulatAne lazkarI sarjAmanI vakhArAnA dAreNA maleka jamAluddInane ' muhAphijhakhAna * khitAba enAyata karI e pradezanA fAjadAra nImyA, ane ene enA rakSaNanI kAvAhI sAMpI. eNe majabUta hAthe kAma laI lUMTaphATa ane cerI pUrAM khAvI dIdhAM.58 kaccha ane si`dha para caDAI saltanata kAla [.. I.sa. 1472mAM dakSiNu sidhamAM hiMduee musalamAnA upara julama gujAryAnI phariyAda sulatAnane pahoMcADavAmAM AvI tyAre 600 dhoDesavArInuM eka nAnuM chatAM keLavAyela lazkara laI pUra jhaDape kacchanuM raNa eLagI e vartamAna cara ane pArakaranA jillAonA pradezamAM pahoMcyA ane tyAMnA sumarA ane seDhA saradArA enI sAme 24 hajAra dhoDesavAreAnuM lazkara laI AvI UbhA rahyA. sulatAne emane harAvyA. je lokoe islAma svIkAryo temAMthI keTalAkane eNe peAtAnI sAthe lAvIne sAraThamAM vasAvyA ane emane islAmanAM zariyata (dhAmi ka niyamA ) ane usUle( mULa tattvA )nuM zikSaNa ApavAnA prabaMdha karyo,pa9 e ja sAkSamAM siMdhanA jAma nijhAmuddIna, je sulatAnane mAtAmaha catA hatA, tenI sAme 40 hajAra jeTalA balUcI ane jATalAe baLavA karyAM hatA; ene paNa mahamUdazAhe jAte jaI dabAvI dIdhA. dvArakA ane beTa para caDAI A vakhate ekhAmaMDaLamAM vADhera rAjA bhIma-1 rAjya karatA hatA. tyAMnA vAghere| cAMciyAgIrI mATe jANItA hatA. eka vAra siMdhamAMthI parata AvatAM sulatAnanA mukAma jUnAgaDhamAM hatA tyAre mullAM mahamUda samarakaMdI nAmanA eka vidvAna kavi ane vepArI kuTuMbakabIlA sAthe eka jahAjamAM dakhkhaNamAMthI samarakaMda jatA hate. havAmAna mAphaka na hovAthI enuM jahAja jagata( dvArakA )nA kinArA AgaLa kheMcAI AvyuM. tyAMnA cAMciyAoe e lUTI lIdhuM ane enAM kuTuMba tathA mAlasAmAna peAtAna pAse rAkhI ene enA e putro sAthe rakhaDatA cheADI dIdhA. mullAMe mahAmusIbata veThI, junAgaDhamAM pagapALA AvI sulatAna pAsethI azrubharI AMkhe dAda mAgI, AthI sulatAna

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paNuM] ahamadazAha 1 lAthI mahamadazAha le [3 dvArakA pahoMce. Ama thatAM tyAMnA rAjA vADhera bhImajIe beTa zadvAranA killAmAM jaI Azraya lIdhe. A kAraNe sulatAne gusse thaI dvArakAnA prasiddha raNachoDarAyanA maMdirano nAza karyo, emAMnI mUrti bhAMgI nAkhI ane AkhA nagarane lUMTI lIdhuM. e pachI enA hukamathI maMdira teDI tyAM masjide baMdhAvAI. e pachI sulatAna gADha jaMgala vaTAvI beTa zaMkhoddhAra tarapha nIkaLI gayo. jaMgalavALA rastAmAM siMha ane jherI sApAe enA lazkarane ghaNuM herAna parezAna banAvI dIdhuM. chevaTe dariyAI laDAImAM sulatAnane chata maLI. e laDAImAM sulatAne beTano kile sara karyo. dvArakAthI agAu tyAM laI javAmAM AvelI ArasanI mUtio toDI pADavAmAM AvI. rAjA bhImane keda pakaDavAmAM Avyo. mullAM samarakaMdanA keda pakaDAyela kuTuMbane temaja anya muslima kedIone choDI mUkyA. dvArakA ane zaMkhoddhArane vahIvaTa maleka tUgAna phaItulUmulkane soMpI e jUnAgaDha ne (I.sa. 1473). rAjA bhImane amadAvAda laI jaI krUra rIte mArI nAkhavAmAM AvyA. 3 dvArakAnuM nAma "mustaphAnagara' rAkhavAmAM AvyuM.14 cAMciyAone vasiyata dvArakA-vijaya pachI sulatAne amadAvAda jatI vakhate vacce ghoghA jaIne e vistAranAM baMdara para cAMciyAgIrI karatA malabArIone nasiyata karavAne prabaMdha karyo ane e kAraNasara e khaMbhAta paNa gayo ane tyAMthI I.sa. 1473nA kaTobaramAM amadAvAda pahoMce. mahemadAvAda vasAvyuM e pachI sulatAna kauTuMbika upAdhionI vyavasthA karavAmAM gUMthAyo. A gALAmAM koI mahatvanuM AkramaNa kaI pradeza upara eNe karyuM hoya evuM jaNAtuM nathI. dara varase zikAra khelavA e mustaphAbAda jato hato ane e pachI amadAvAda pAcho pharato hato. eka vAra amadAvAdathI 12 kesa upara vAtraka nadIne kinAre e zikAra karato karato paheo tyAM cera-DAkuone trAsa hato te dUra karavA tyAM eNe "mahamUdAbAda" zahera vasAvyuM." amIranI khaTapaTa e pachI I.sa. 1480 mAM enA rivAja mujaba e mustaphAbAda javA nIkaLyo tyAre enA banevI vachara khudAvaMdakhAna(bina yusupha)ne amadAvAdamAM pitAnA vaDA zAhajAdA ahamadakhAnanI saMbhALa soMpI, paraMtu e amIre sulatAnane padabhraSTa karI zAhajAdA ahamadakhAnane takhtanazIna karavAnuM kAvataruM javuM.

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ha4] satanata kAla e samaye ImAdumuka bahAuddIna sulatAnane ati mAnIto ane vaphAdAra amIra hatA tene mArI nAkhavAnuM nakkI karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. rAyerAyAna mukhya hiMdu amIra hato, AgevAna kAvatarAkhoromAMno eka hato ne ImAdulamukane khAsa mitra hato, teNe ImAdumukane mArI nAkhavAnAM kAryamAM hisso levAno InkAra karyo. ema karavAne badale imAdulamukane kAvatarAnI jANa karI enI saMmati kAvatarAmAM bhAga levA aMge levI evI darakhAsta eNe peza karI. amIroe e bAbatamAM vAMdho lIdhe, chatAM eNe pote potAnA mana sAthe nakkI karela IrAdAne amala karyo. ImAdulamudde saMmati ApavAne DhAMga karI pitAnI jAgIromAMthI phe belAvI ane kAvatarAkhoronI yAjanA niSphaLa banAvavAne pagalAM lIdhAM. kesarakhAna phArUkI nAmane amIra amadAvAdamAM e samaye hAjara hatA. sulatAnane kAvatarAnI gaMdha AvatAM e mustaphAbAdathI amadAvAda Avyo. AkhA kAvatarAnI vigata mAgI sulatAna enAthI vAkepha thayo, paraMtu khudAvaMdakhAna pratye ene eTalI badhI lAgaNI hatI ke ene guno lagabhaga daragujara karyo. pachI samaya jatAM sulatAnane enA badaIrAdAnI khAtarI thatAM ene giraphatAra karI ene sthAne muhAphijhakhAnane vajIra nImavAmAM Avyo. cAMpAneranI jIta I.sa. 1482 mAM gujarAtamAM anAvRSTi ane dukALa phelAyAM hatAM tenI asara cAMpAneranA rAjyamAM ghaNI ochI thaI hatI. AvA samaye cAMpAneranI naiRtyamAM cauda mAIla upara rasulAbAdanA thANAmAM maleka sudhA sulatAnI nAmanA amaladAre cAMpAneranA tAbAne keTaleka pradeza lUMTI tArAja karyo ane e cheka cAMpAneranA killA sudhI jaI pahoMcyo.8 eNe ghaNuM nirdoSa lekenI katala karI. cAMpAnerano cauhANa rAjA jayasiMha zAMtipriya hovA chatAM ene mATe AvI dakhala ane nirdoSa prajAnI katala asahya banyAM, ane eNe pratIkArAtmaka pagalAM laI, maleka sudhAnI pUMTha pakaDI, ene giraphatAra karI mArI nAkhyo. eNe tUTela tamAma mAlasAmAna ane enA be hAthIo jayasiMhanA kabajAmAM AvyA. A khabara sulatAnane maLatAMveMta eNe phejo ekatra karI ane hi. sa. 887nA kilakAranI athavA jhilavijhanI 1 lI e (arthAta 12-12-1482 athavA 11-1-1483 nA roja) amadAvAdamAMthI cAMpAnera javA mATe vaDedarA tarapha kUca karI. jayasiha rAvaLa cAMpAneramAM rAjya karato hato te gujarAtanA itihAsamAM patAI rAvaLa'nA nAmathI oLakhAya che. "patAI e "pAvApati'nuM gujarAtImAM TUMkuM rUpa hovAnuM manAya che.

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pasu] ahamadazAha 1 lAthI mahamUdazAha 1 lA [v rAjA patAI zAhI lazkaraneA sAmanA karavA sAme Avye ane laDAI thaI temAM ene parAjaya thayA. e pAvAgaDhanA pahADI killAmAM jaI bharAyo. pAchaLathI suleha mATe aneka vAra elacIe meAkaLyA, paraMtu khajara ane zamazera sivAya kaI khape nahi" ema kahI sulatAna nakAramAM javAba vALatA rahyo. khIjI bAju patAI e peAtAnA sUrI nAmanA ma MtrIne meAkalI mALavAnA sulatAna giyAsuddIna khalajI pAsethI dararAjanI kUcanI pratyeka majale eka lAkha TakA kha peTe ApavAnI zarate madada mAgI, AthI lAbhAI ne sulatAna giyAsuddIne peAtAnuM lazkara ekatra karI mAMDavagaDhathI kUca karI ane tyAMthI traNa kAsa upara nAlacA AvI paDAva nAkhyA, AthI sulatAna mahamUdazAha dherA cAlu rAkhIne eneA sAmane karavAne mALavAnI sarahada upara pahoMcavA dAheAda gayA, paraMtu mALavAnA sulatAne enA darabArIonI salAhane avagaNIne A sAhasa karyuM" hatu. tethI pAchaLathI ene pastAvA thatAM e rastAmAMthI ja mAMDavagaDha parata paheAMcyA. sulatAna mahamUdazAhane A vAtanI khabara thatAM e pAvAgaDha gayA ane eNe dherA cAlu rAkhyA. vIsa mahinA gherA cAlu rahyo ane I.sa. 1484 nA navembaranI 21 mIe mahamUdanI senAne pAvAgaDhamAM praveza karavAmAM saphaLatA maLI, killAmAM rahelA rAjapUtAne mATe jItavAnI koI AzA rahI nahi tyAre strIoe jauhara karyu ane puruSo kesariyA vAdhA sacha hAtheAhAthanI laDAImAM kUdI paDayA ane temAMnA ghaNAkharA khapI gayA. aMte patAI rAvaLa ane ene pradhAna maMtrI DuMgarasI dhavAyelI hAlatamAM pakaDAyA. e baMnenA dhA rujhAyA tyAre sulatAne emane islAma svIkAravA samajAvyA, paraMtu e vIra rAjapUtAe svadha tyajavAne badale mRtyune bheTavAnu pasa Mda karyuM. pakaDAyA pachI pAMca mahinA bAda ulemAonI salAhathI rAjA jayasiMhanuM mAthuM uDADI devAmAM AvyuM ane pradhAna maMtrInI paNa katala karavAmAM AvI (I.sa. 1485). rAjAnI me rAjakuvarIone sulatAne peAtAnA janAnAmAM meAkalI ApI, enA eka rAjakuvarane zikSaNa ApI meATA karyA, ane enI pAse islAma svIkArAvIne enuM nAma 'maleka husena' rAkhyuM. sulatAna mujhaphUrazAha 2 jA(I.sa. 1511-1525)nA jamAnAmAM e meTA amIra banyA ane ene 'nijhAmumuka'ne khitAba enAyata karavAmAM AvyA 71 navu' cAMpAnera cAMpAneranAM havApANI sulatAnane dhaNAM mAphka lAgatAM eNe tyAM peAtAnuM pAyatakhta rAkhyuM ane e pachInAM pacAsa varasa sudhI e ema rahyuM. peAtAne

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*s] [x. rahevAnAM mukhya sthAne paikInuM eka TharAvyA bAda eNe hajarata muhammada pegambaranA nAma uparathI enu nAma 'muhammadAbAda' rAkhyuM. eNe jUnA cAMpAneranI bAjumAM pahADanI pUrva taraphanI taLeTImAM masjida baMdhAvI ane enI pazcime amadAvAdanA bhadranA killAnA jevA killeA (rAjagaDha) caNAbyA, je hAla cAMpAneranA bhadra' kahevAya che. saltanata kAla " sulatAne amadAvAdane badale varasanA mATe bhAga tyAM ja gALavA mAMDatho ane tyAM TaMkazALanI sthApanA karI sikkA upara ene mATe zahare mukarrarrama ' (AdaraNIya nagara) nAma lakhyuM.72 zirAhInA rAjA I.sa. 1487 mAM cAMpAnera pAsenA hAlAlamAM sulatAna zikAra karI rahyo hatA tyAre thADA vepArIoe ene phariyAda karI ke AbunA pahADanI taLeTImAM ame AvyA tyAre zireAhInA rAjAe amArAM 400 dhADAM chInavI lIdhAM, ame e dhADAM Apane mATe lAvatA hatA. AthI sulatAne gheADAnI pUrI kiMmata bharI ApavA ane chInavI lIdhelA mAlanI nukasAnI bharapAI karavA rAjA upara hukama mAkalyA. rAjA gabharAI gayA. eNe mAlasAmAna ane dheADA parata ApI dIdhA ane sulatAnanI mAphI mAgI. bahAdurazAhu golAnInI cAMciyAgIrI bahumatI saltanatanA amIra bahAdurazAha gIlAnIe cAMciyAgIrIneA dho apanAvIne AkhA kAMkaNamAM potAnI dhAka jamAvI hatI ane cAMciyAgIrIthI cheka khaMbhAta sudhI tArAjI karI hatI. gujarAtanA sulatAne ahamanI sulatAnane patra lakhI, gujarAtanA sulatAne ahamanI khAnadAnane agAu karelI madadanI yAda ApIne khaDakhArane dabAvI devAnI ene vinaMtI karI, AthI bahamanI sulatAne bahAdurazAha gIlAnI sAme eka lazkara mAkahyuM, jeNe I. sa. 1494 mAM ene zikasta ApI mArI nAkhyA. A pachI bahumanI sulatAne sulatAna mahamUdazAha upara gIlAnInuM mAthuM mokalI Apyu ane ene pahoMcADavAmAM AveluM badhu nukasAna bharapAI karI ApyuM.73 phira gIo sAthe saMgharSa ane suoha e pachI tarata ja gujarAtanA sulatAnane pATugIjha(pheragIe)nI sattAnA sAmaneA karavA paDayo. I.sa. 1498 mAM vAsko-da-gAmAe keipa au gUDa hApa"nA raste zeAdhI kADhyA pachI e mArge e malabAra kinAre AvI paheAMcyA,

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5mu] ahamadazAha 1 lAthI mahamUdazAha 1 le 9i7 tyAra bAda eka dAyakAmAM malabAra kinAre ke cIna ane kAnAneramAM kAThIo (thANAMo) sthApIne phiraMgIo dhIme dhIme bhArata ane pazcimI dezo sAtheno dariyAIvepAra pitAne hastaka karavA maMDyA. misara ane gujarAta ! dariyAIvepAra para AnI viparIta asara paDI, AthI phiraMgIonA dariyAI vepAra para sthapAtA prabhutvane toDavA mATe misara ane gujarAtanA sulatAne paraspara sahayoga karyo. tadanusAra I.sa. 1508 nA jAnyuArImAM baMnenA saMyukta naukA-kAphalAe phiraMgIo para AkramaNa karyuM. phiraMgIonA muMbaI pAsenA cevala baMdare thayelI A athaDAmaNamAM phiraMgIo hAryA, paraMtu bIjA ja varSe phiraMgIoe dIva najIka misaranA naukAsainyane sajaDa hAra ApI. e pachI dIvanA nAjhima malika ayAjhe gujarAtanA sulatAna vatI phiraMgIo sAthe suleha karI ane emanI sAthe zAMtimaya saMbaMdha sthApavAnA prayatna karyA 74 khAnadeza para varcasa khAnadezanA sulatAne gujarAtanI salatanatanA mitra hatA, khaMDaNa bharatA hatA, ane lagnasaMbaMdhathI joDAyelA paNa hatA. I.sa. 1591mAM tyAM sulatAna Adila khAna 2 (I.sa. 1457-1503) binavArasI maraNa pAmyo, e pachI tyAM rAjakIya avyavasthA phelAI rAjasattA meLavavA vividha pakSo vacce jhaghaDA thayA. gujarAtanA sulatAna mahamUdazAha begaDAe paNa emAM ghaNe bhAga lIdhe ane pitAnuM varcasa tyAM sthApyuM. eNe pAyatakhta thAlaneramAM darabAra bharIne pitAnA dauhitrane "AdilakhAna 3 jAnA khitAba sAthe I.sa. 159 mAM takhtanazIna karyo ane pitAnA zAhajAdA khalIlakhAna(eTale ke pAchaLathI thayela mujhapharazAha 2 je)nI zAhajAdI enI vere paraNAvI, tyArathI khAnadeza upara gujarAtanA sulatAnonuM varcasa rahyuM. IrAnanuM elacI-maMDaLa I.sa. 1511 mAM eka elacI-maMDaLa IrAnanA zAha IsmAIla saphavI (I sa. 1502-1524) taraphathI AvyuM. IrAnano zAha custa ziyA hatA. eNe pitAno ziyApaMtha svIkAravAnI siphArasa karavAnA uddezathI e maMDaLa mokalyuM hatuM. sulatAna mahamUdazAha sunnI hoI ene e vAta pasaMda na hatI tethI eNe e maMDaLane satkAravAne inkAra karyo. i-pa-7

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98] tanata kAla avasAna e samaye enI taMdurastI sArI paNa na hatI. eNe agAuthI ja potAnA zAhajAdA khalIlakhAnane potAno valI-ahada (salatanatane vArasa) nImela hate. pitAnuM mRtyu najIka AvatuM hovAnuM jaNAtAM sulatAne ene vaDodarAthI pitAnI pAse bolAvI lIdho. I.sa. 1511 nA navembaranI tA. 23mIe sulatAnanuM avasAna thayuM. sulatAnanuM mUlyAMkana mahamUdazAha vicakSaNa guNovALo sulatAna hato. bALavayathI ja e asAdhAraNa hiMmata ane cAlAkI dharAvato hato. enA moTA bhAI kubuddIna ahamadazAhe enA A bhAI phahakhAnane mArI nAkhavA aneka prayatna karyA hatA. aMte phahakhAnane enAM vAlidA mughalI bIbI sAthe sUphI hajharata zAhaAlamanI khAnakAha(maTha)mAM javuM paDayuM hatuM. saMte karela e upakAra e kadI bhUlyo na hato. musalamAnee lakhelA ItihAsamAM ane gujarAtanA sulatAnamAM sauthI mahAna ane sauthI vizeSa prajApriya gaNavAmAM Ave che.75 ati utsAhI ane mahattvAkAMkSI sulatAna tarIke gujarAtamAM enI khyAti rahI che. gujarAtamAM hiMdu rAjAomAMnA siddharAja jayasiMhanA nAmanI AsapAsa vividha kathAo ane vArtAo vIMTaLAyelI che tevuM A sulatAnanI bAbatamAMya kahevAtuM AvyuM che. e eka bahAdura laDavaiyA hatA. jenapura dilhI baMgALa ane kAzmIra uparAMta IrAna rAma misara ane yuropathI paNa enA darabAramAM elacIo bheTa sAthe AvA karatA hatA. enuM nAma "begaDo' paDayuM hatuM. AnA khulAsA tarIke sAmAnya rIte ema manAya che ke eNe giranAra ane cAMpAneranA ema be gaDha jItyA hatA tethI e be gaDha jItanAra tarIke begaDo" upanAmathI oLakhAye, paraMtu mughala zahenazAha jahAMgIra enI "tujhuke jahAMgIrImAM e vize lakhe che ke begaDA' zabdano artha gujarAtI bhASAmAM vAMkaDI mUche" evo thAya che.* mite siMdarI" ane "maAsIre rahImImAM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke gujarAtI bhASAmAM be hAtha pahoLA karIne UMcA karIe ne je AkAra thAya tevAM moTAM pahoLAM ane vAMkaDiyA ziMgaDAMvALA baLadane beTho' kahe che. sulatAnanI mUche meTI ane evA AkAranI hatI tethI ene "begaDe kahetA hatA. keTalAka kahe che ke sulatAna mahamUdazAha enA vyaktitva ane enI rItabhAta mATe cheka yuropa sudhI jANIte thayo hato. enI mUcha evI te lAMbI hatI ke

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5 muM) ahamadazAha lAthI mahamUdazAha 1 lo 9i enA be che. e mAthA upara bAMdhata hato enI dADhI chAtI sudhI laTatI hatI. enI bhUkha asIma hatI. enA dainika bhojananuM vajana gujarAtI tela mujaba eka maNa jeTaluM hatuM.78 e vAraMvAra kaheto hato ke alAhe mahamUdane sulatAna na banAvyA hota to enI bhUkhane koNa tRpta karI zakyuM hota ? e e ja pramANamAM zaktizALI paNa hato, e pitAnA jorathI masta hAthIne bhagADI zakato hato. e aparimita udAratA tathA nyAyapriyatAmAM, gAjhI" gaNavA mATenAM yuddha karavAnI pravRttiomAM, zariyatanA pracAramAM ane bALavaya yuvAvasthA ane hAvasthAmAM ekasarakhI viveka-buddhimAM, hiMmatamAM ane vijayamAM eka uttama namUne hate. e sUphIo ane muslima sAhityakArone Azraya ApatA hatA.79 enA samayamAM ulemAo majahabanA pracAra arthe moTI saMkhyAmAM gujarAtamAM AvyA hatA ane pariNAme saurASTramAM IralAmane kAyamane mATe sthAna maLI gayuM hatuM. eNe zahera vasAvyAM hatAM ane moTA pramANamAM bAMdhakAma karAvyAM hatAM. e vRkSane ghaNo zokhIna hato. aNahilavADa pATaNathI vaDodarA sudhInA rastAnI baMne bAjue eNe AMbA ane rAyaNanAM vRkSa ropAvyAM hatAM. pAdaTIpe 1. "to te maTavarI', mA. 3, 6, 12; mizrAne livarI' 6. rUS 2. tAte gavarI', mA. 3, pR. 100, mite sirI', 1. * 3. raNachoDabhAI udayarAma (anu), "rAsamALA' bhA. 2, pR. 537; Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. VIII (Kathiawar), p. 422; "tArI piripatA" (3), mA. 4, pR. 184 (UMdarAvAya); " mite sirI', pR. 41 4. " tane avarI', ma. 2, . 100-102 pa. "tar#Ate sArI'(mA. 3, pR. 101)mAM "bAMdha" nAma che. "mirAte sirI' (u. 41)mAM "pAMda" che 6. " tane garI-(mA 3, 5. 101mAM imAmuka amaradI che. ane mi zAse sirI" (41)mAM imAlamuka khAssa-e-khela che.

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100] saltanata phAla [tra. 7. 'mir te sivaMtarI'ane 'mirkhAte amarI'nA anuvAdomAM ahIM" 'mAMDalika' nAma Apyu` che, paraMtu A samaye seraThamAM mAMDalikanA anuja ane uttarAdhikArI meliga (ke melaga) rAjya karatA hatA evu enA rAjyakAlanA vi. sa. 1460 thI 1472 nA abhilekhA (Diskalkar, Inscriptions of Kathiavad, Nos. 64-67) parathI mAlUma paDe che. B. G., Vol. VIII ( p. 497 f.) ane DaeN. sa. ca'. mizra (The Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat, p. 174) paNa ahI melagane ja ullekha kare che.sa', 8. Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. VIII (Kathiawar), p. 498 9. 'mieAte zramI', mA. 1, rR. 46; miAte sivaMtarI', rR. 44 . 10. A. meA. dIvAnajI (anu.), firiztA-kRta gujarAtanA musalamAnI samayanA itihAsa' (guja. anu.) pR. 25; M. S. Commissariat, History of Gujarat, Vol. I, p. 80; S. C. Misra, op. cit., p. 175 11. e vakhate cAMpAneramAM rAjA trya'khakadAsa ane jhAlAvADamAM garAsiyA rAjA chatrasAla rAjya karatA hatA (mieAte sirI', pR. 46, vauvA). 12. 'mite sirI', rR. 46-47 13. tAte avarI', mA. 3, vR. 10o 14. 'mite sivaMtI", rR. 41-11; tAte avarI', mA. rU, pR. 109 15. 'mite zivarI', pu. 12 ( car3hauvA ); ' sAte avarI', mA. 3, ' pu. 108-102 16. ' mitte sivaMtarI '(rR. 62)mAM e hAthInA zikAra mATe Ajanagara gayA hatA evuM jaNAvavAmAM AveluM che. 17. 'mitte sinarI'( rR. pura, yahovA)mAM cAlI mahezvara' nAma ApeluM che, ane sara vulselI hege mahezvara' nAma Apelu' che ( The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III, p. 298). 18. (tAte avarI', mA. 3, pR. 106-110; mite citarI', chu. 12; tArIe riztA' (hU~), mA. 4, pR. 183 (vaitAvAva) 19. The Cambridge History of India (Vol. III, p. 298)mAM tA. 17 mI ApI che, paNa e 9mI joIe (S. C. Misra, op. cit, p. 183). 20. e madhyapradezamAM iMdArathI 74 mAila upara Avelu che. mALavAnA mAja bahAduranI vikhyAta hiMdu patnI svarUpavAna rUpamatInA mRtyunA sthaLa tarIke e jANItuM che (The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III, p. 371).

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paNa 1 ahamadazAha 1lAthI mahamUdazAha 1 le 21. " mite sirI', pR. parU (vA) 22. The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III, p. 298 23. ahamadanagara TUMkamAM "amanagara nAme oLakhAtuM. AgaLa jatAM tyAMnA pATavI-kaMvara hiMmatasiMhajInA nAma uparathI enuM nAma hiMmatanagara' rAkhavAmAM AvyuM che. 24. "mirAte amarI', mA. 2, 3. 47 25. A putranuM nAma bIrarAya ke harirAya hatuM (The Delhi Sultanate, p. 160) 26. keTalAke A rAjAne jhAlAvADane mAnya che, paraMtu jhAlAvADanA rAjavaMzamAM to tyAre jetasiMghajI rAjya karato hate DaoN. mizra sUcave che tema A kAnhA jAlorane haze (S. C. Misra, op cit, p. 191). saM. 27. "tArI riztA" (3), ma, 1, pR. 188 (darAvAra); The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III, p. 299 hArUnakhAna zeravAnIe mAtra "mANekaghATanAma lakhyuM che. (juo Sherwani, Bahmanis of the Deccan, p. 206.) 28. "tannAte mAna", mAM 3, pR 111; Commissariat, A History of Gujarat, Vol. I, p. 89 pe. Briggs, History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power, Vol. IV, pp. 28-30 pUrva khAnadezamAM ke enI hada pAse A nAmane kaI killo nathI, AthI dakhaNa-khAnadezanI hada para AveluM batAla sUcavAyuM che te kharuM lAge che. (Misra, op. cil, p. 196, n. 1).-sa. 30. The Delhi Sultanate, p. 159; tajjAte marI ', mA. rU, g 12rU. paraMtu zAMtinAtha maMdiranA vi. saM. 1525(I.sa. 1468)nA zilAlekhamAM jaNAvavAmAM AveluM che ke gopInAthe gujarAtanA madamA sulatAnane harAvyo hato ane ene khajAne lUMTI lIdho hato (zIrIrAMjhara mokSA, "rAjapUtAnA rAsa', mAM. 1, p. 5). 31. 'tArI uritAmAM baMdI ane keTAnAM rAjya upara caDAI karI hovAnuM jaNAveluM, paraMtu e saMbhavita lAgatuM nathI. mevADane vaTAvI javA vinA tyAM pahoMcavuM zakya nathI. ema jaNAya che ke nAgora sAthe sulatAnane jhaghaDo hato, kAraNa ke sulatAnanA khAnadAnane vaDIla zAkhA tarIke e mAna Apato na hato. 32. "taNUAre varI', mA. 3, 5. 124 keTalAka ItihAsamAM plega ane keTalAkamAM kelerAno raMga phATI nIkaLyAnuM jaNAveluM che, jemake "tAre mavara'mAM plega che,

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12 salatanata kAla 33. hi.sa. 845 mAM nahi paNa 846 mAM (Misra, op. cit, p. 213).-saM. 34. enA eka jamAIe eka nirdoSa mANasanI hatyA karI hatI e kAraNe eNe ene motanI sajA karI hatI ( "mite sirI', pR. 44-45, rovA; Muhammad Ibrahim Dar, Literary and Cultural Activities in Gujarat, p. 44; mirmAte gaddamaNI', mA. 1, pR. 46). amadAvAdamAM AvelA mANekavALI jagyAe ene amala karavAmAM Avyo hato. 34. Commissariat, loc. cit.; Briggs, op. cit., Vol. IV, p. 18 36. AtarasuMbA mAMDavA haLadharavAsa ane ghoDAsaranA tathA keTalAka anya jamInadAroe AvIne potAnA bacAva mATe islAma svIkAryo. emanI pAse sulatAne AkhA gAma rahevA dIdhAM, paraMtu pezakazIne AMkaDo TharAvyo ( "mirAte amarI', phAtimA, . 110). je rAjapUtoe islAma svIkAryo teo mile salAma eTale ke "maulAe islAma (islAmanA mAlika) nAmathI oLakhAyA ane vANiyA ane brAhmaNo vahorA komamAM bhatpA. 37. rAjapUtemAM bhAyAtone jamInano je bhAga maLato te "grAsa' kahevAto. e meLavanAra rAjapUto gujarAtasaurASTramAM "garAsiyA' kahevAya che (Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. VIII, pp. 315-316; Desai and Clarke, Baroda Gazetteer, Vol. 11, p. 102). mevAsa" ke "hevAsa" loko mahI nadInA taTapradezamAM vasatA hatA (John W. Watson, Indian Antiquary, Vol. VI, pp. 79-80). 38. tar#Ate atharI', mA. 3, 5. 125; "mAte amI ', mA, 1, 39. umaramAte sirI'(pR. 63)mAM vAgaDa uparanI caDAIne ullekha che, paraMtu emAM DuMgarapuranuM nAma nathI. ( tAte harI (mo. rU, p. 126)mAM DuMgarapuranI vigata che. karnala vulselI hege (The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III, p. 300) DuMgarapuranA gaNezane rANA kuMbhA sAthe mUkIne gUMcavaNa UbhI karI che (The Delhi Sultanate, p. 160). xo. The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III, p. 301; umaramAte sirI', pR. (vauvA). keTalAka ItihAsakAronA jaNAvyA mujaba enI sulatAnAe ene jhera ApyuM hatuM (The Delhi Sultanate, p. 160). tArI riztA'(niH 2, pR. 376, ratho, gujharAta vidyAsamA, mahamadAvAda) mAM mAtra eTaluM ja che ke ene jhera apAvI mArI nakhAvavAmAM Avyo hato. "mira mAre siray. 67-68)mAM sulatAnanA amIrae jhera ApI enuM kAsaLa kADhayuM hovAnuM jaNAveluM che.

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5 su'1 ahamadaMzAha 1 lAthI mahamUdazAha 1 lA (103 41. 'midlAte amarI', mA. 1, pR. 1 42. mite bahumarI, mA. 1, 4. 12; 'mite sivarI', pU. 82 (vaDoddA) 43. 'mite livarI', ae, 84 (cauvA); miJAte amarI', mA. 1, pu. pur 44. 'mirukhAte siyaMvarI', pR. 8o (vauvA) 45. The Delhi Sultanate, p. 162, J, Chaube, History of the Gujarat Kingdom, 1458-1537, p. 15 46. N. B, Sarda, Maharana Kumbha, pp, 96-99 47. hi. sa. 863 mAM (J, Chaube, op. cit., p. 27) 48. 'mirmAte sikaMdarI'(pR. 64)mAM 27 divasa che. ' phana la vumelI hege The Cambridge History of India (Vol. III, P, 303)mAM 27 divasa jaNAvyA che; ' tAte avarI '(mA. rU, pU. 125)mAM mAtra 7 divasane samaya ApyA che, 49. khIkhI mudhalI siMdhanA nagaraThaThThAnA rAjA jAma jUNAnI putrI hatI. eNe khImI mughalI zAhaAlama vere ane peAtAnI bIjI putrI khImI mIdhI` sulatAna muhammada vere paraNAvavA mAkalI, paraMtu khIkhI mudhalI vadhAre rUpALI heAvAthI sulatAne peAtAne mATe ene pasaMda karI hatI. sulatAnanA avasAna pachI khIkhI mudhalI zAhajAdA phahakhAna sAthe bIjA mahelamAM rahetI hatI. khIkhI mIdhI nA avasAna pachI eNe zAhaAlama sAthe zAdI karI. kRhakhAna paNa tenI sAthe rahetA hateA (J. Chaube, op. cit,, pp. 23-24).--sa.. 50, hi, sa. 866 mAM zAkhAna mahinAnA 1 lA rAja (Mirati Sikandari, p, 41) I.sa. 1459 nI 3 jI jUna hatI (Habib & Nizami [Ed.] C.H.I., Vol. V: The Delhi Sultanate, p, 867)--sa', 51. J. Chaube, op, cit,, p. 32, n. 1 52. 'mite sivarI', pR. 111 ( vauvA ); mioAte ThUmarI', mA. 1, '; U; Sherwani, The Bahmanis of the Deccan, pp. 281-84 The Cambridge History of India, Vol, III, p. 305 54, 'mite amarI', mA. 1, vR. 6 53, 55. enAM saMbhavita kAraNA mATe jue Chaube, op, cit,, pp. 53 ff. 56. 'mite adhUmarI', mA. 1, pR. 17; 'nirUJAte sidaMvarI', pR. 122; A praznanI vigatavAra carcA mATe jue AgaLa prakaraNa 7.

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104). saltanata kAla pri. 57. "mirAte sivaMrI (9. 126)mAM rAjakuMvaranuM nAma "caMpaka' che, paraMtu Delhi Sultanate(p. 163) au1 Cambridge History of Indial Vol. III, p. 310)mAM "jayasiMha ja che. 4. The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III, p. 305 59. "mirAte sikaMdarI', 6 127; mAte mAnavI', mA. 1, . 17 60. suvAdi te mujara va mAri" (bhA. 1, pR. 24-25) mujaba teo dariyAkinArA upara vasavATa karIne rahenArA cAMciyA hatA. 61. ka. na. joSI, 'okhAmaMDaLanA vAghera', pR. 104 62. Briggs, op.cic, Vol. Iv, pp. 5960; mirAte sivI , pR. 120 63. " vA ire munnara 8 sAjhi', mA. 1, pR. 24-25; A banAvanI etihAsika nedhAmAM keTalIka evI paNa che ke sulatAna mahamUdazAha begaDAnA saka jAmAMthI nAsI chUTelo bhImajI rAjA pharIthI potAnA rAjyamAM A hato ane sulatAna mahamUdazAhe besADelAM islAmI thANuonA thANAdArane eNe hAMkI kADhayA hatA. eka etihAsika nedhamAM evuM lakhAyeluM che ke sulatAna mahamUdazAha begaDAne je rAjA sAthe yuddha thayuM hatuM te vADhera rAjA bhImajI na hato, paNa ene bApa sAMgaNa hatuM, ane bApanA upara julama thato dekhI dIkaro bhImajI vahANamAM besI nAsI gayo ane pAchaLathI AraMbhaDA AvI bApanI gAdI upara beTho ( ka. na. joSI, "okhAmaMDaLanA vAghera', pR. 104- 105). 14. 'miAte mustaphAbAda', pR. 75 65. hAla e mahemadAvAda' tarIke oLakhAya che. 61. "rAyerAyAna' nAmano khitAba e samaye hiMduone enAyata karavAmAM Avato hato. e zakhsanuM mULa nAma koI itihAsamAM ApavAmAM AvyuM nathI. sulatAna mahamUdazAha begaDo, mujhaphapharazAha 2 je ane bahAdurazAhanI saltanata daramyAna maleka sAraMga kivAbulamuka mazahura vajIra hato. eNe amadAvAda zaheranA agni khUNAmAM "sAraMgapura vasAvyuM hatuM. fu. Briggs, op. cit., Vol. IV, pp. 62-64 $c. Commissariat, A History of Gujarat, Vol. I, p. 195; The Cambridge History of Gujarat, Vol. III, p. 309 $6. Habib and Nizami (Ed.), The Delhi Sultanate, p, 871; Chaube, op. cit., p. 77 70. mitrate sirI ', pR. 12, Briggs, op. cil, Vol, Iv, p. 67

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5 su] ahamadazAha 1 lAthI mahamUdazAha 1 lA [15 71. The Cambridge History of India, Vol, III, p. 110; mikSAte sikaMdarI', pR. 136 72. 'japharulvAliha be mujaphphara va Aliha', bhA. 1, pR. 31 ( 73. Briggs, op. cut., Vol. IV, p. 71-72; - mite so ', 4. 126-126 74. vadhu vigate mATe jue nIce 'kira'gIonA pagapesArA' nAmanuM prakaraNa 6 nu pariziSTa. 75. 'mite sivarI', rR. 11 (vadgovA); 'tArIekttiriztA', 'bisT 2, rR. 104 (chyio, manavAvAva) 76. Rogers and Beveridge (Tr,-Ed,) Tuzk-i-Jahangiri,' Vol. I, p. 429 77. mirUAte sika darI'; pR. 95; 'maAsire rahImI', bhA 2, pR. 151 78. 'mi'mAte sijI', rR. 166; enA meATA bhAInuM. mRtyu jhera apAyAthI thayu' hatu' tethI ene evuM bhAgavavAnuM na Ave ema karavA sAvacetIrUpe enI khALavacathI ja bahudhA eka prakAranA (seAmala jevA') jheratu' sevana karavAnI ene Teva pADavAmAM AvI hatI. ema kahevAya che ke enA zarIra upara mAkhI besatI teA e marI jatI hatI, savAre nAstAmAM e seAthI doDhasA keLAM khAtA hatA ane eka pyAlA dhI ane eka pyAlA madha pItA hatA, e vAtamAM atyuktine ghaNA avakAza che. 79. 'mieAte sinI', rR. 173

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prakaraNa 6 mujhapharazAha 2jAthI mujhaphapharazAha 3 je mujhapharazAha 2 (I.sa. 1511-156) sulatAna mahamUdazAha begaDAnA avasAna pachI ene cothe ane sauthI nAne zAhajAde khalIla khAna "mujhapharazAha" (2 jo) khitAba dhAraNa karI takha upara beThe, te vakhate enI vaya 27 varasanI hatI. IrAnanA elacI yAdagAra begano sulatAna mahamUdazAha begaDAe I.sa. 1510mAM satkAra karyo na hato te pachI e elacI gujarAtamAM ja rahyo hato. I.sa. 1512 mAM sulatAna mujhaphapharazAha takhtanazIna thayA pachI IrAnI elacIne moTA mAna sAthe pitAnA darabAramAM belAvyo. sulatAne enI vividha kiMmatI bheTo svIkArI ane ene khUba mAnapAna ApIne IrAna parata ravAnA karyo.' mALavAnuM rAjakAraNa mAMDUmAM musalamAna amIree badhI sattA potAne hastaka levAnI ramata ramavA mAMDI hatI. tyAMnA sulatAna mahamUdazAhe emAMthI bacavA mAMDUmAMthI bahAra nIkaLI pitAnA tAbAnA caMderInA rAjapUta jAgIradAra medinIrAyanI sahAya laI pitAnI sattA dRDha banAvI ne ene pitAno vajIra nImyo, paNa pachI e vacharanI vagathI rAjapUtonI johukamI vadhI gaI. emanI pakaDamAMthI mukta thavA mahamUdazAhe sulatAna mujhaphapharazAhane vinaMtI mokalI. gujarAtanA sulatAne sulatAna mahamUdazAhane madada karavA phaca karI, paraMtu e godharAmAM pahoMcyo tyAre ene IDara bAbatamAM ciMtAjanaka samAcAra maLyA. IDaramAM rAjyakhaTapaTa A samaye IDaramAM rAva bhANanA putra rAva bhImasiMha(1509-1515)nuM rAjya hatuM. eNe I.sa. 1513 mAM sAbaramatInA pUrva kinArAne pradeza lUMTavA mAMDyo ane ene rokavA mATe je gujarAtI pheja AvI tene paNa harAvI. A khabara sulatAna maLI tyAre eNe moDAsA tarapha kUca karI, bhImasiMhane harAvyo ane

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6] mujhe kurazAha rajAthI mujhaphpharazAha 3 ne (107 ane DuMgarAmAM bhagADI mUkayo. e pachI IDara jaI lUMTa calAvI te madirA ane makAnA tArAja karyAM. e pachI e pAyatakhta muhammadAbAdamAM pAchA pahoMcyA. pAchaLathI rAva bhImasiMhe nukasAnI mATe bhAre rakama ApI sulatAna sAthe suleha karI (I.sa. 1513).2 3 I.sa. 1515 mAM bhImasiMha gujarI jatAM eneA putra bhAramala gAdIe ALye, paraMtu enA meATA kAkAnA putra rAyamale peAtAnA sasarA mahArANA sa MgrAmasiMha(sAMgA)nI madadathI gAdI paDAvI lIdhI. bhAramale A aMge sulatAna mujhafraphpharazAhanI madada mAgI. sulatAne ahamadanagara(hiMmatanagara)nA nagIradAra nijhAmulamutkraY dvArA IDara upara caDAI karAvI, rAyamalane khaseDI bhAramalane gAdIe besADAvyA, paraMtu thoDA ja samayamAM mahArANA saMgrAmasiMhe IDara upara AkramaNa karyuM ane pA rAyamalane gAdI upara besADayo. . mALavAnA sulatAna mahamUdazAha uparanA banAva banI gayA te daramyAna mALavAmAM medinIrAya ane enI dAravaNI nIcenA hiMdue e mALavAnA vahIvaTI ta Mtra para kabajo jamAvyo. sulatAna mahamUdazAha 2 jo emanI pakaDamAMthI mukta nahi thaI zakatAM chUpI rIte mAMDUmAMthI nAsI chUTI gujarAta AvyeA. sulatAna mujhaphpharazAhara jAe enA satkAra karyo ane ene madada karavAnuM vacana ApyuM.pa A samAcAra sAMbhaLI medinIrAya mahArANA saMgrAmasiMa pAsethI madada meLavavA cittoDa gayA. sulatAna mujhaphpharazAhe sulatAna mahamUkzAhane sAthe laI, muhammadAbAdathI AvIne mAMDUnA killAne gherA dhAye (I.sa. 1518 nA phebruArInI 23 mIe) te mAMDU jItI laI te mALavAnuM takhta sulatAna mahamUdazAhane sAMpyuM. , muslima itihAseA mujaba rANA saMgrAmasiMha ane medinIrAya meATuM lazkara laI cittoDhathI AvatA hatA tyAre mAMDU jitAvAnI khabara emane rastAmAM maLI ne te gabharAI gayA ane nAThA. rAjapUtAnA itihAsa mujaba mahArANA saMgrAmasi huM mALavAnI sarahada sudhI kUca karavAnu ane medinIrAyane kaI paNa nukasAna na thAya te pramANe yeAjanA karavAnuM vacana ApyuM hatuM, paraMtu mAMDu jitAI gayu. te pachI have kAMI banI zake ema nathI ema lAgatAM te baMne cittoDa pAchA pharyAM. rANA saMgrAmasiMhai medinIrAyane caMderInAM keTalAMka paragaNAM ApyAM ane peAtAnA nImyA.ka sulatAna mahamUdazAhane mALavA soMpyA bAda sulatAna mujhaphpharazAha tyAMthI pA| seryAM. saradAra

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saltanata phAla [pra* A vakhate sulatAna mujhaphpharazAhe daza hajAra gheADesavAreAnA lazkara sAthe amIra AsakhAnane mALavAmAM sulatAna mahamUdazAhane enA duzmane sAme madada karavA rAkhyA. 10] muhammadAbAda pahoMcyA bAda sulatAna mujhaphpharazAhe pATaNanA pradezamAM lUTaphrATa karatA rAva rAyamalane namAvavA IDara tarapha kUca karI (I.sa. 1519). rAyapalane AthI Du MgarAmAM bhAgI javuM paDayu.. sulatAne e pradezamAM rahI thANedAra nImyA. I sa. 1519mAM mahArANA saMgrAmasiMhe mALavAnA sulatAna mahamUdazAhane ane daza hajAra gheADesavAreAnA gujarAtI lazkarane gAgrAna. AgaLa bhAre zikasta ApI ane sulatAnane keda karyAM. A sAMbhaLI sulatAna mujhaphpharazAhe vadhArAnI lazkarI madada mALavA mAkalI, paraMtu enI sevAnI jarUra paDI nahi, kAraNa ke mahArANAe udAratA dAkhavI sulatAna mahamUdazAhane mukta karIne enuM rAjya pAchuM sAMpI dIdhuM. cittoDanA mahArANA sagrAmasiMhanu' AkramaNa I.sa. 1560mAM sulatAna mujhaphpharazAhe patAI rAvaLanA putra maleka husena nijhAmula mukane 'mubArijhula muka'nA khitAba ApIne iDaramAMnA gujarAtI lazkarane rAhata ApavA mAkalye. e mahArANI saMgrAmasiMha pratye dhaNuM hINuM valaNa dharAvatA DAvAnA samAcAra mahArANAne maLatAM mahArANAe IDara para caDAI karI. DiramAMthI muslima lazkara ahamadanagara (hiMmatanagara) nAsI chUTayu' ane mahArANAe IDaranA bajo laI enI gAdI upara rAyamalane besADayo. e pachI ahamadanagara para AkramaNa karI mubArijhulamukane zikasta ApI ane e nagarane lUMTI rANA AgaLa vadhyA. eNe vaDanagara kabaje karyuM, tyAMthI vIsanagara para AkramaNu karI tyAMnA rakSaka sainyane harAvyuM, nagarane lUMTayu. ane e pachI e mevADa parata gayA.8 e pachI mubArijhumulka eka nAnI phAja sAthe ahamadanagara pAA karyAM ane tyAM mAryA gayelA sainikAnI daphana-kriyA karAvI. sevADa para caDAI I.sa. 1521 nA jAnyuArImAM uparanI zikatanuM vera levA sulatAna mujhaphpharazAhe eka mATuM lazkara ApI seAraThanA maleka ayAjhane mevADa jItavA ravAnA karyAM. cittoDa taraph jatAM rastAmAM gujarAtI lazkare DuMgarapura vAMsavADA vagere rathaLAnA

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uThe] mujhapharazAha 2jAthI mujhapharazAha 3 ne 109 kabaje lIdhe ane ene lUMTI bhasmIbhUta karyA. maleka ayAjhe e pachI e samaye mevADa tAbAnA maMdasora tarapha kUca karI ane ene ghere ghAlyo. mevADane rANe saMgrAmasiMha lazkara laI AvI pahoMcyA. mALavAne mahamUdazAha paNa lazkara laI maleka ayAjha sAthe joDAyA hatA. gaDha jitAI javAnI taiyArImAM hatuM, jethI mahArANA saMgrAmasiMhanI pratiSThAne bhAre phaTake paDI jAya ema hatuM, paraMtu emAM maka ayAjhane irSALu svabhAva ADe AvyA. | muslima tavArIkhakAra mujaba A vakhate maleka ayAjhane Dara lAge ke potAnA hAtha nIcenA nAyaba kivAmulamulkane phatehane yaza maLI jaze. ene yaza na ApavAnA uddezathI mahArANA saMgrAmasiMhe enI pAse elacIo mokalyA hatA ane lAbha laI emanI sAthe eNe masalata karI ane mahArANo khaMDaNI bharavAnuM vacana Ape e zarate anya saradAranI IcchA viruddha eNe suleha karI dIdhI. suleha mujaba mahArANAe pitAnA eka rAjakuMvarane bAMyadharI tarIke sulatAna mujhapharazAhanA darabAramAM rAkhavA tathA sulatAnanI sevAmAM hAjara thavA tathA enI pharamAna baradArI uThAvavA saMmati ApI. A pratiSThA Ape tevA AzAspada AkramaNa aMgenI bAjI bagaDI gayAnA samAcAra sulatAna mujhaphapharane maLatAM ene ghaNI nirAzA thaI ane tethI maleka ayAjhane mulAkAta ApI nahi ne sIdhe soraTha mokalI Apyo. * hiMdu AdhAre anusAra A laDAImAM rANuM saMgrAmasiMha sAme muslima senA TakI zakI nahi ane muslima sainike bhayanA mAryA bhAgI gayA. hakIkate mujhapharazAhane mevADamAM mahArANA saMgrAmasiMha sAme koI nakkara saphaLatA maLI hovAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. 12 mujhapharazAhanuM mRtyu I.sa. 15ra 5 mAM gujarAtamAM bhISaNa duSkALa paDyo, e pachI thoDA ja samayamAM sulatAna bImAra paDyo ne enuM avasAna I.sa. 1526 nA eprilanI 7mIe thayuM. sulatAnanuM mUlyAMkana gujarAtanA sulatAnamAM sulatAna mujhaphapharazAha 2 jAnI gaNatarI gujarAtanA mahAna sulatAne mAM thAya che. enA jevo ane jeTale vidvAna pavitra ane saMyamI sulatAna bhAgyeja gujarAtanA anya keIsulatAnane kahI zakAya. enI viziSTatAomAM zuravIratA, sAdAI, saMyama ane udAratA hatAM. e vidvAna ane sUphI lekene Azraya Apato hato. eNe majahaba ane sAhityanuM zikSaNa niSNuta ustAda

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110] saltanata kAla [pra* 6. pAsethI hAMsala karyu hatuM. eNe enA pitAne khuza karavA kurAne zarIpha kaMThastha " hatuM. sa`gItazAstramAM e pravINa hatA ane kAvyanI paNa racanA e karatA hatA.13 e Akhu jIvana kephI pINAnI kuTevamAMthI mukta rahyo hateA.14 enA samayamAM khetInA nAMdhapAtra vikAsa thayeA hateA. jhAlAvADamAM enA samayamAM e kAraNe dhAsacArAne mATe amuka jamIna anAmata rAkhavAnA kAyadA dhaDavAnI jarUrata peza AvI hatI. pradezanA vibhAgeAmAM paheAMcIne vahIvaTa upara dekharekha rAkhavAnI enI nIti prazaMsApAtra hatI. rAjyanA saMrakSaNa mATe killAonAM bAMdhakAma ane samArakAma upara paNa eNe yAgya pramANamAM dhyAna ApyuM hatuM. sulatAna siMkadara (I.sa. 1526) mujhaphpharazAha 2 nA avasAna pachI enA zAhajAdAe vacce pAyatakhta mATe saMdharSa thayA. judA judA amIre traNa zAhajAdAonI netAgIrI nIce traNa pakSAmAM vaheMcAI gayA. amIra imAdula mulka khuzakadame ane khudAvaMdakhAne sulatAnanA avasAna pachI tarata ja sulatAne TharAvela valI-ahada (rAjavArasa) sikadarane sulatAna tarIke amadAvAdamAM jAhera karyAM ane takhta upara khesADayo, paraMtu e niLa ane vilAsI hatA. AnA pariNAme zAhajAdA bahAdurakhAna ane zAhajAdA latI khAnanA pakSAe jora karavA mAMDayuM. daramyAnamAM sulatAna sika Mdara pratyenA agAunA verane laI ne mAhula mulka khuzakadame I.sa. 1526 nA me mAsanI tA. 26 mIe arpeAranI nidrAnI hAlatamAM ja sikaMdaranuM khUna karAvI dIdhuM ane enA sthAne sulatAna mujhazAha 2 jAnA janAnAmAMthI nasIrakhAna nAmanA 'mahamUdzAha'nA khitAba sAthe sulatAna tarIke jAhera karyAM sikaMdara mAtra eka mAsa ane 16 divasa takhta upara rahyo. bALa zAhajAdAne A rIte sulatAna sulatAna mahamUdazAha 2 jo (I.sa. 1526) bALa zAhajAdAne takhta upara besADI pramAdumulka khuzakadama sattAnI lagAma muktapaNe peAtAnA hAthamAM rAkhavAne irAdo rAkhatA hatA. enI johukamIthI jUnA amIza taMga AvI gayA hatA. tee muhammadAbAda(cAMpAnera)mAMthI nAsI chUTayA

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bhue pharazAha 20thI bhusapharazAha 3 pipa1 temAMthI tAjakhAna narapAlI, jenI jAgIra dhaMdhukAmAM 15 hatI te, eka ja laI bahAdurakhAnane levA sAmo gayo, pitAnA valaNathI nArAja thaI dihInA sulatAna IbrAhIma lodI pAse gayele zAhajAde bahAdurakhAna takhtanI AzAe e vakhate pANIpatathI jenapura jato hato. imAdulamuka gabharAyo ane eNe ahamadanagaranA burahAna nijhAmazAha ane pAlaNapuranA rAjA udayasiMga ke upara moTI rakama mokalAvI burahAnane eNe naMdarabAra upara AkramaNa karavA ane udayasiMgane muhammadAbAda(cAMpAnera)mAM bALa sulatAnane madada karavAne kaca karavAnI vinaMtI karI. eNe bAbarane paNa dIva upara ja mekalavA araja mokalI ane ene eka karoDa TaMkAnI rakama Apaze ane gujarAtanI enA tarapha vaphAdArI raheze evuM vacana mokalyuM. bAbara aMgenI bAbatanI khabara khudAvaMdakhAnane ane tAjakhAna narapAlIne thaI tyAre enA pratye emanA tiraskAramAM vadhAro thayo. burahAna nijhAmazAhe enA upara mokalavAmAM AvelI rakamane svIkAra karyo, paraMtu enA badalAmAM eNe kaMI karyuM nahi. udayasiMge muhammadAbAda (cAMpAnera) tarapha kUca karI, paraMtu enI e madadanuM kaMI mahattva na hatuM. kAraNa ke eNe bahAdurakhAnane tarata ja sAtha Apyo. bahAdurakhAna cittoDane raste gujarAtamAM AvyA ne moDAsA thaI pATaNa gaye. tyAMthI eNe amadAvAda tarapha prayANa karyuM. jyAMthI jayAMthI e pasAra thayo tyAMthI tyAMthI Akhe raste ene AvakAra maLyo hato. bahAdurazAha (I.sa. 1526-1537) I.sa. 1526nA julAInI tA. 11mIe amadAvAdamAM bahAdurakhAnanI takhtanazInInI vidhi karavAmAM AvI ane eNe bahAdurazAha'ne khitAba dhAraNa karyo. e pachI sulatAne muhammadAbAda (cAMpAnera) jaI tarata ja pitAnA virodhIo sAme pagalAM levA mAMDayAM. imAdulamuka ane saMkulamukane ane e uparAMta enA bhAIne khUnamAM je je lokoe viziSTa rIte bhAga lIdho hato te sahune eNe mArI nakhAvyA ane keTalAkane topane moDha uDADI mukAvyA. bahAulUmukka, jeNe sikaMdaranuM khUna kareluM, tenI cAmaDI utarAvIne ene phAMsIe laTakAvyo. e pachI I.sa. 15ra6 nA ogasTanI tA. 14mIe sulatAne muhammadAbAdamAM paNa takhtanazInInI vidhi karI,

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112] salatanata kAla prila have zAhajAdA latIphakhAna aMgenI kAryavAhI bAkI hatI. e pitAnA hitamAM saMjogo badalAI javAnI AzAe saMtAto pharato hato. muhammadAbAdamAM sulatAnanA Agamana pachI e naMdarabAra-sulatAnapura tarapha nAsI gayA. tyAM ene keTalAka amIroe sAtha Apyo, AthI sulatAnapurane thANadAra amIra gAjhI khAna sulatAna bahAdurazAhanA pharamAnathI enI sAme laDavA nIkaLyo. laDAI thaI temAM latIphakhAna hAryo, ghAyala thayA ane keda pakaDAyA. e pachI thoDA vakhatamAM enuM avasAna thayuM. e pachI sulatAne IrSAnA mAryA bALa sulatAna mahamUdazAha 2 jAne tathA bAkI rahelA anya zAhajAdAone jhera 18 apAvI mArI nakhAvyA. vaLI keda karelA amIronI paNa eNe katala karAvI. sulatAnanI AvI dUra nItithI gujarAtamAM hAhAkAra thaI gayA. AMtarika vyavasthA e pachI ghara AMgaNe IDara ane vAgaDanA pradezomAM vyavasthA sthApI. DuMgarapurane rAjA sarahada upara baLavAkhorone Azraya Apate hato tene vaza karavA tAjakhAna narapAlIne moTuM lazkara ApI sulatAne ravAnA karyo. eNe ene eka mahinAmAM kAbUmAM lIdhe. e pachI sulatAne baMdaro tarapha dhyAna ApyuM, kAraNa ke Avakano moTo bhAga baMdaranI mahesUla ane jakAtamAMthI thato hate. e vakhate khaMbhAtanA darogA sAme phariyAda AvI hatI. sulatAne tAjakhAna narapAlIne tyAM moka9yA. junAgaDhane maleka IhAka hiMsaka ane bekAbU banyo hovAthI tyAM jaI sulatAne ene keda pakaDavo ane enA sthAne enA bhAI maleka tugAnanI nimaNuka karI. e enAM kArya ane zakti mATe lekemAM jANI to ha. e pachI sulatAna amadAvAda Avyo. tyAM mevADanA mahArANA saMgrAmasiMhano putra vikramAjita bheTa laI sulatAnanI mulAkAte Avyo hato te maLyo. muhammadAbAda jatAM rastAmAM nAMdodanA rAjAne vasiyata karI sulatAna surata baMdare pahoMcyo ane tyAMthI e gujarAtanA vepArane surakSita rAkhavAne mATe pite baMdhAvele bharUcanA mazahUra killo (I.sa. 1528) joI tyAMthI khaMbhAta gayo. dIvamAM phiraMgIonAM vahANa pakaDavAmAM AvyAM che evA samAcAra maLatAM sulatAna tyAM pahoMce ane keda pakaDAyelA phiraMgIone musalamAna banAvI cheDI mUkyA. tyAMthI khaMbhAta AvI e muhammadAbAda pAcho pharyo.

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8] mujhapharazAha 2 jAthI mujhaphapharazAha 3 je [113 dakhaNanA vijaya bahamanI rAjya IsavI paMdaramI sadInA aMtabhAgamAM pAMca bhAgomAM vibhakta thayuM hatuM ane e pAMca rAjya haMmezAM mAMhamAMhe ane khAnadeza sAthe laDatAM rahyAM hatAM. khAnadezane sulatAna mIrAna muhammadazAha phArUkI sulatAna bahAdurazAhano bhANeja hato. eNe varADanA sulatAna ImAdazAha sAthe meLa karI ahamadanagaranA burahAna nijhAmazAha sAme madada mAgI. burahAna nijhAmazAhane bIDaranA sulatAnanI madada maLatI hatI. sulatAna bahAdurazAhe jAte eka lazkara laI I.sa. 1528 nA sapTembaramAM dakhaNa tarapha kUca karI. gujarAta khAnadeza ane varADanuM traNa rAjyonAM lazkaroe sulatAna nijhAmazAhanA kabajA heThaLanA delatAbAdanA kilA upara AkramaNa karyuM ane ene ghero ghAle, paraMtu emAM ene khAsa saphaLatA maLI nahi. ene puravaTho pAI gayo. evAmAM karmasaMge sulatAna nijhAmazAha ane enA bIjA dakhaNI sahAyakoe potAnA elacI mokalI saMdhi karavA sulatAna upara kahe pAThavyuM tyAre varSARtu najIka hovAthI eNe suleha karI ane ghere uThAvI e gujarAta tarapha pAcho pharyo. 21 I.sa. 1529 nI varSARtu pachI sulatAna bahAdurazAhe lazkara laI pharIthI dakhaNa tarapha kUca karI. A vakhate bAgalANanA rAjA baharajIe sulatAnanuM saMmAna karI potAnI bahena enI vere paraNAvI. sulatAna bahAdurazAhe baharane baharakhAnane khitAba enAyata karyo ane pitAnA taraphathI cevala baMdaranI AsapAsanA pradeza tArA ja karavA eka phoja ApI ene tyAM mokalavo. 22 eNe pote nijhAmazAhI pAyatakhta ahamadanagara tarapha kUca karIne e nagara sara karyuM. tyAMnAM mahela ane makAnone jamInadosta ane bAgone verAna karavAnA hukama choDayA. AnA pariNAme tarata ja varADanA alAuddIna imAdulamudraka ane bIDaranA barIdazAhI sulatAna vacce samAdhAna sAdhavAmAM AvyuM. sulatAna bahAdurazAhe bIDara ane ahamadanagaranI masjidamAM enA nAmane khuba paDhavAne prabaMdha karavAmAM Ave te duzmanAvaTano aMta lAvA kabUlyuM. e pachI I.sa. 1530 nI vasaMta RtumAM e gujarAtamAM pAcho pharyo. dakhaNanI saphaLatAthI gujarAtanI salatanatane bIjA rAjya para khUba prabhAva paDyo. 23 * surata nanA saMbaMdhI, siMdhanA sulatAna, jAma phIrojhane enA pradezamAMthI zAha bega agUine hAMkI kADhayo hato, e gujarAtamAM Azraya levA Avyo.24

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114]. satanata kAla dIvanuM rakSaNa I.sa. 1530mAM porTugIjhee muMbaImAM naukA-kAle taiyAra karyo. e kAlai damaNamAM Avyo ane ene kabaje lIdhe, ane 1531 nA phebruArImAM e dIva Avyo ane enA upara AkramaNa karyuM, paraMtu I.sa. 1530 mAM sulatAna bahAdurazAha tyAM gayo hato tyAre dIvanA rakSaNanI sarva vyavasthA eNe karI hatI, tethI porTugIjha phAvyA nahi ane teo gAvA pAchA pharyA. vAgaDa I.sa. 1531 mAM sulatAna bahAdurazAha pite vAgaDa tarapha gayo. tyAM DuMgarapuranA rAjA pRthvIrAje enI tAbedArI svIkArI ane enA rAjakuMvare islAma dharma svIkAryuM. sulatAna bahAdurazAhe vAgaDano pradeza e musalamAna thayelA rAjakuMvara ane enA bhAI vacce vaheMcI Apyo.25 mALavAnI chata mALavAnA sulatAna mahamUdazAha 2 jAne gujarAtanA sulatAna mujhapharazAha 2 jAe takhta apAvavAmAM sahAya karI hatI tethI bahAdurazAha ene pitAne Azrita gaNatA hatA, jyAre mALavI sulatAna pitAne svataMtra gaNato hato. bahAdurazAha sAthe mevADane rANo ratnasiMha sArA saMbaMdha dharAvatA hatA. mALavAnA sulatAne mevADanA pradezomAM luMTaphATa karavA lazkara mokalyuM hovAthI ratnasiMhe vaLatuM AkramaNa karI cheka sAraMgapura sudhI kUca karI hatI ane eNe bahAdurazAhane A aMge jANa karI hatI. mALavAnA sulatAne sulatAna mujhaphapharazAhanA upakArane yAda karIne enA zAhajAdA (eTale ke gujarAtanA sulatAna bahAdurazAhanA bhAI) cAMdakhAnane Azraya Apyo hato. mALavI sulatAna mughala bAdazAha bAbaranI madada vaDe cAMdakhAnane gujarAtanuM takhta apAvavAno prayatna karI rahyo hovAnuM jaNAtAM sulatAna bahAdurazAha gusse thayo. evAmAM pUryamALavAmAMnA rAyasInanA reka rAjA silahaTInA putra bhUpatarAye sulatAna bahAdurazAhane vinaMtIpUrvaka jaNAvyuM ke mALavAnA sulatAnano irAdo rAyasIna jItI levAno che. A badhAM kAraNone laIne eNe vizALa lazkara laI mALavA para caDAI karI.27 I.sa. 1531 nA jAnyuArInA aMtamAM silahadI ane rANe ratnasiMha karavA mukAme sulatAna bahAdurazAhane AvI maLyA. rAyasIna ane mevADa sahitanA gujarAtanA saMyukta lazkare dhAro thaI I.sa. 1531 nA mArca mahinAnI 9 mIe mAMDU pahoMcI tyAMnA killAne ghera dha hato.

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| mujhapharazAha rajAthI mujhapharazAha 7 je 115 bhALavAnA aneka asaMtuSTa amIra ane amaladAro tathA khAnadezane sulatAna bahAdurazAhane bhANeja muhammadazAha 1lo ene AvIne maLyA. mALavI senA emanI sAme TakI zakI nahi. kiTale sara thatAM, chevaTe bIje raste na jaNAtAM pitAnA sAta zahajAdAo sAthe sulatAna mahamUdazAha sulatAna bahAdurazAhane zaraNe AvyuM. gujarAtane zAhajAdo cAMdakhAna killAmAMthI nIkaLI dakhaNa tarapha nAsI chUTayo. mALavAne gujarAta sAthe joDI devAmAM AvyuM. sulatAna bahAdurazAha mALavAne sulatAna levAnI jAherAta karavAmAM AvI ane enA nAmane khutabo mAMmAM paDhavAmAM Avyo. ahamadanagarane sulatAna burahAna nijhAmazAha sulatAna bahAdurazAhe comAsu mAMDUmAM pasAra karyuM. pachI eNe burahAnapura tarapha kUca karI, tyAM khAnadezanA sulatAna muhammadazAhe enuM bahumAna karyuM. taduparAMta eNe ahamadanagaranA sulatAna burahAna nijhAmazAha taraphathI AvelA zAha tAhira nAmanA elacIne mulAkAta ApI. . zAha tAhiranA prayatnathI burahAnapuramAM sulatAna bahAdurazAhane ahamadanagarane sulatAna maLavA Avyo. baMne sulatAna burahAnapuramAM sulatAna muhammadazAhanA mahemAna tarIke rahyA ane teo chUTI paDyA te pahelAM sulatAna bahAdurazAha sulatAna sarahAnane "zAhane khitAba mAnya rAkhIne ene nijhAmazAha banAvI saM .28 e pachI sulatAna bahAdurazAha mAMDu gayo. 1 mALavAnI chata pUrva mALavAnA rAjapUta rAjA silahaTInA pradezanuM mukhya thANuM rAyasInanA majabUta killAmAM hatuM. ujajaina bhIlasA sAraMgapura ane caMderI sudhI pUrvane pradeza enA tAbAmAM hatA. silahaTIne bahAdurazAha sAthe sArA saMbaMdha hatA, paNa pitAna bahAdurazAha pUrva mALavAne jItI laI gujarAtanI sarahada vadhAravA IcchatA che, AthI I.sa. 1532 nA pUrvArdhamAM sulatAnanA pegAmane mAna ApI rAjA hadI sulatAne dhArAmAM maLe tyAre ene keda karavAmAM AvyuM ane rAyasInane ke sara karavA mATe pheja mokalavAmAM AvI. rAyasInanA killAno bacAva lidIne bhAI lakSmaNane sArI rIte karate hato. A prasaMge AsapAsanA pradezamAM musalamAna lazkare ghaNAM maMdira toDI pApa ane vaNA hiMduone musalamAna banAvyA, chatAM killAne ghera cAlu te sulatAnanA dabANathI silahadIe islAmane ravIkAra karyo,29 evuM a

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satanatakAla nAma "salAmuddIna' pADavAmAM AvyuM. e pachI silahadI pite e killo tAbe karavA sulatAnanI rajA laIne gayo, paNa sagAMsaMbaMdhIonI samajAvaTathI silahadI sulatAna pAse pAcho pharyo nahi, eNe laDAI cAlu rAkhavAnuM nakakI karyuM. rAjapUtee kesariyAM karavAno daDha saMkalpa karyo ane emanI strIoe jauharanI taiyArI karI (1pa3ra nA menI 6). silahadInI rANI durgAdevIe3* hiMdu strIonI sAthe muslima strIone paNa jauhabha agnisnAna karAvyuM... A samAcAra maLatAM sulatAne e killA upara aMtima AkramaNa karyuM ane ene kabajo lIdhe. sainikoe aMdara praveza karyo tyAre rAkhanA DhagalA joyA. A rIte silahadI upara vijaya meLavyA bAda gujarAtanI sattAnI hada pUrvamAM bhIlasA ane caMderI sudhI vadhavA pAmI. cittoDa para caDAI sulatAna bahAdurazAhanI chellI mahAna laDAI mevADanA rANA sAthenI hatI. rAyasInanA killAnI laDAI vakhate rANAe moTA lazkara sAthe silahaTIne madada karI hatI, e nimite bahAdurazAhe mevADa para AkramaNa karyuM. hakIkate samagra rAjasthAna para potAnI sattA phelAvavAne ene IrAde hato. eNe pitAnA bhANeja khAnadezanA muhammadazAhane lazkara laI caDAI karavA mokalyo ane sulatAna pite paNa enI pAchaLa I.sa. 1532 nA navembaranI 6 ThThIe muhammadAbAda(cAMpAnera) thI moTuM lazkara laI ravAnA thaye 31 e vakhate mevADamAM mahArANI vikramAjita rAjya karato hato. mevADanAM saradAra jAgIradAro ane prajA sau enA pratye nArAja hatAM. AnA pariNAme sulatAna bahAdurazAhane pitAnI yejanA pAra pADavAnI taka sAMpaDI. eNe rANAe mekalelI sulehanI pahelI darakhAstano avIkAra karyo. Isa. 1533nA phebruArInI tA. 14mIe sulatAna bahAdurazAha ane khAnadezane sulatAna muhammadazAha cittoDa AgaLa jaI pahoMcyA. A vakhate tuka sipAhAlAra murataphA rUmakhAna dIvathI moTuM te pakhAnuM laI tyAM AvyuM. topanA mArAthI cittoDane kiTano toDI pADavA mAMDyo.32 A bhayaMkara avadazA joIne rAjamAtA mahArANI karmavatIe sulehanuM bIju kaheNa pitAnA jamAI bhUpatarAya sAthe sulatAna upara mokalyuM ane enI je kaMI darakhAsta hoya te mAnya rAkhavA jaNAvyuM. taduparata maLavAnA sulatAna pAsethI rANAe jItelA tamAma pradeza ane e vakhate lUMTelA tamAma mAlana Dita mukuTa tathA kamarapaTe, dasa hAthI

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huM] mujhapharazAha 2 jA thI mujhaphpharazAha 3 jo ekaso ghoDA ane eka karoDa TaMkAnI rakama ApavA kabUlAta ApI. sulatAna bahAdurazAha I.sa. 1533 nA mAryAnI tA. 24mIe saMdhine svIkAra karyA bAda mAMDU AvI rahyo. Isa. 1533-34 mAM mughala zahenazAha humAyUnA muhammada jhamAna mIra nAmanA banevIe zahenazAha ane enI sarakAra sAme thayelAM kAvatarAM ane bamAM aneka vAra bhAga lIdho hato tethI ene bahAnA-33 mAna sAthe kedI tarIke rAkhavAmAM AvyA hatA, tyAMthI e nAsI chUTayo hato, jene sulatAna bahAdurazAhe Azraya Ape hatA, AthI humAbU bahAdurazAha para nArAja hato. have zahenazAha humAyUnA vRddhi pAmatA baLane laIne sulatAna bahAdurazAhane khAtarI thaI gaI ke cittoDano killo potAnA kabajAmAM rahe te ja zahenazAha sAme laDavAnuM saMbhavita banI zake, tethI eNe cittoDa upara pharIthI AkramaNa karavAne daDha nizcaya karyo. | A vakhate evA samAcAra maLyA ke mughala zahenazAha humAyUe sulatAna bahAdurazAha sAme laDavA gAliyara nI dizAmAM kUca karI che, tethI sulatAne pitAnA amIronI salAhathI ene pegAma pAThavyo ke eka sulatAna kAphira (hiMduo) sAme jehAda jagAvate heya tyAre bIjA muslima zAsake enA upara humale kare vAjabI nathI.34 sulatAna bahAdurazAha sAme roSa hovA chatAM humAyuM A khabara maLatAM gAliyarathI AgaLa vadhyo nahi. - I.sa. 1534nA aMtabhAgamAM cittoDano ghero cAlu hato tyAre sulatAna bahAdurazAhane zahenazAha humAyUnI yojanA aMgenI mAhitI maLI ke e sulatAna sAme phaca karavAnI taiyArI karI rahyo che, AthI eNe enuM dhyAna bIje vALavA (tAtArakhAna ledI( je bahala ledIne pautra thatA hata)ne batAne raste vihIne kabaje levAnA IrAdAthI eka lazkara ApI ravAnA karyo. che e ja samaye rANI karmavatIe humAyU pAse madadanI mAgaNI karI, paraMtu mAthuM emAM taTastha rahyo. rANI karmavatInI vinaMtIne mAna ApI rAjapUtoe cittoDanA rANAnA rakSaNa athe maraNiyA thaIne laDAI karI, paraMtu teo pharataka rUmIkhAnanA topamArA sAme TakI zakyA nahi. janAnAnI aneka strIoe saNI karmavatInI AgevAnI nIce johara karyuM ane cittoDa saMpUrNa rIte sulatAna pahAdurazAhanA kabajAmAM AvyuM (I.sa. 1535 na mAyanI 8mI). sulatAne mArA rUmakhAnane laDAI paDelAM vacana ApeluM ke tamane cittoDane mulAka

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118] saltanata kAla [pra. jAgIramAM ApavAmAM Avaze. A vacana amIrenI adekhAI ane uzkeraNIne lIdhe sutra ||ne pALyuM nahi, AthI rUmIkhAne gusse thaI ne 5 humAyUM sAthe chUpA saMdezA calAvavA mAMDayA ane sulatAna bahAdura upara AkramaNa karavAthI tamane vijaya prApta thaze evI khAtarI ApI, AthI humAyU e gvAliyarathI kUca karI. A samAcAra maLatAM sulatAna bahAdurazA cittoDamAM thADu lazkara rAkhIne humAyUne sAmane karavA ravAnA thaye| ane eNe madase|ra AgaLa paDAva nAkhyA. cittoDamAM pUrI vyavasthA nahi thaI zakatAM rANA vikramAjitane theADA samayamAM eneA kabajo meLavavAmAM saraLatA sAMpaDI, humAyU' sAthe sagharSa sulatAne rUmIkhAnanI salAha mujaba te pagADIene killA karI vacce lazkara rAkhyuM. bIjI bAju rUmIkhAna taraphathI khAnagI rAhe maLelI salAha mujaba humAyU e lazkara mATe AvatI madadanAmA rokI lIdhA, jethI sutA nI chAvaNImAM tAja-pANInI ane ghAsacArAnI taMgI pravRtI. muddalA ane gujarAtI pheAja vacce laDAI thaI temAM gujarAtI phAja Takkara jhIlI zakI nahi, drohI rUmIkhAta nasI chUTayo, ane humAyUne jaI maLyo. AvI sthitimAM sulatAna bahAdurazAhu thoDA rasAlA sAthe mAMDU tarapha rAtri daramyAna I.sa. 1535 nA eprilanI 25 mIe tAsI gaye. gujarAtI lazkaramAMnA keTalAka mAryA gayA, keTalAka keda pakaDAyA ane keTalAka bhAgI gayA. humAyU e bahAdurazAhanA pIchA karyo. eNe mAMDUnA killA paNa jItI lIdhe, AthI tyAMthI sulatAna bahAdurazAha cAMpAnera tarapha nasI gaye. humAyU e enI pIche karyAM ane e traNu divasamAM enI pAchaLa cAMpAnera pahoMcyA. e sAMbhaLI sulatAna bahAdurazAhe amIr imtiyArakhAta ane rAjA narisahadevane cAMpAnerane killA sAMpI pe|te khaMbhAtanA baMdarane raste nIkaLI gaye. humAyU' peAtAnA eka saradAra mIra tasdI megane lazkara sAthe cAMpAneramAM mUkI sultAna bahAdurazAhanI pAchaLa khaMbhAta taraph gaye!, paraMtu e ja divase sulatAna tyAMthI dIva tarapha cAlI nIkaLyA hatA. khaMbhAta baMdaramAM phira gIe sAme laDavA eNe ekase vahANa baMdhAvyAM hatAM te humAyUnA hAthamAM na jAya ema karavA e bALI nakhAvA gayA hatA. humAyU e pachI dariyAkAMThe paDAva nAkhyo. janAnA temaja khajAne sahIsalAmata rahe evuM na lAgatAM sulatAne peAtAnA vizvAsu AsakkhAna sAthe dasa vahArgeAmAM e sa` bharIne makkA mekalI dIdhu.

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1) mujhapharazAha 2 jAthI mujhapharazAha 3 ne [119 A vakhate mustaphA rUmIkhAnanI samajAvaTathI humAyU dIva tarapha kUca karavAnuM mulatavI rAkhI, khaMbhAtanI kuca karI cAMpAnera pahoMcyo. e samaye tyAM sulatAna bahAdurazAha taraphathI IkhtiyArakhAna killAnuM rakSaNa karI rahyo hato. humAyUe killAne ghero ghAlo ane I.sa. 1575nA ogasTanI tA. 9 mIe killAmAM praveza karyo. IkhtiyArakhAna zahenazAhane zaraNe gayo. cAMpAneranI chatathI humAyUne sulatAnee bhego karele khajAne ane enuM moTA pramANamAM prApta thayAM. e pachI gujarAtamAMnA enA taraphadAra lekenI vina tIthI sulatAna bahAdurazAhe imAdumulaka malekajIne mahesUla vasUla karavA mokalyo. humAyUne A khabara maLI tyAre cAMpAnerane kile taradI begane soMpI pite lazkara laI amadAvAda tarapha UpaDyo. enuM lazkara AvatuM jANIne ImAdalmuka enI sAme gaye. naDiyAda ane mahamUdAbAda (mahemadAvAda) vacce baMnenAM lazkarano bheTo thayo ane laDAI thaI temAM imAdulamuka hAryo. e pachI humAyuM amadAvAda pahoMcyo ane eNe tyAMnA sthaLanI mulAkAta lIdhI. amadAvAdamAM vahIvaTanI eNe vyavasthA karI. eNe pitAnA bhAI mIrajhA akarIne amadAvAdamAM, kAsima begane bharUcanI sarakAramAM, nAsira mIrajhAne pATaNanI sarakAramAM ane taradI begane cAMpAneramAM vahIvaTa mATe niyukta karyA tathA khaMbhAta mahamUdAbAda vaDodarA surata ane anya sthaLamAM yogya amaladAronI nimaNUka karI. e pachI humAyU sulatAna bahAdurazAhano pIcho karavA dIva javA nIkaLyo, paraMtu e dhaMdhukA pahoMcyo tyAre bahAdurazAhanA sadbhAgye (I.sa. 1536mAM) baMgALAmAM aphadhAna saradAra zerakhAna sUre baLavo karyo, AthI gujarAta upara potAnI sattA sthApavAnI vyavasthA karyA vinA humAyUne tAtkAlika pAyatakhta AgrAmAM pahoMcavA mALavAne raste cAlyA javuM paDyuM. sulatAna bahAdurazAhane dIva tarapha jamIna-mArge AkramaNa Avaze evo phaphaDATa raheto hato, tethI eNe bhAratamAMnA peTugIjha gavarnara ane da kunDAne sahAya mATe vinaMtI-patra revA mekalyo. gavarnare dIvamAM sulatAnanI mulAkAta lIdhI ane I.sa. 1535 nA okaTobaranI tA. 25 mIe sulatAna sAthe karAra karyA. dIvamAM kAThI bAMdhavAnI paravAnagI e mujaba phiraMgIone maLI, paraMtu baMdaranI jakAta upara haka bahAdurazAhano rahyo. agAu vasaInuM baMdara emane ApavAnuM nakkI thayeluM te kAyama rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. AnA badalAmAM phiraMgIoe gujarAtanA sulatAnane jamIna tathA samudramArge AvatA duzmane sAme madada karavAnuM nakkI thayuM.37

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[tra. A taraph gujarAtamAM vahIvaTa mATe nImelA mIrAe ane humAyUnA bhAI askarI vacce sa`pa na hateA. mIrajhAme sattA peAtAnA hAthamAM laI baLave karavAnA vicAra karyA karatA hatA, AthI huAyUnI gujarAtanA pradezamAMthI bhAgyeja pUMThe krUrI eTalAmAM sulatAna bahAdu'zAhanA pakSamAM bAjI karavA mAMDI. lA mulenA sAmanA karavA taiyAra thayA. sulatAnanA keTalAka vAdAra amaladArAe surata bharUca ane khaMbhAtanAM adazA kabajo lIdhe, 120] saltanata phAla have sulatAna paNa amadAvAda tarapha ravAnA thayuM. jema jema e AgaLa vadhyA tema tema enuM lazkara vadhatuM gayuM. sulatAnanA lazkare imAdumulkanI sipAhasAlArI nIce utAvaLI kUca karI mulAne mahamUdAbAda pAse kanIjamAM zikasta ApI, eTale mIrajhAe mughala larakara sAthe cAMpAnera pahAMcyA, mIrajhAnA irAde humAyUnA nAnA bhAI askarIne bAdazAha tarIke jAhera karI sulatAna bahAdurazAha upara jIta meLavI zakAya te! gujarAtamAM ane nahi te AgrAmAM ene takhtanazIna karavAne hatA. cAMpAnerane hAkema taradI bega humAyU ne vaDhDhAdAra hatA, teNe e lokeAnA sAmaneA karyo, AthI nAsIpAsa thayelA mIrajhA AgrA tarapha cAlI nIkaLyA. e samAcAra sulatAna bahAdurazAhane maLyA eTale e cAMpAnera tarapha gayA. ta dI bega A samAcAra maLatAM kille khAlI karI mAMDU jaI humAyUne maLyuM. Akhu gujarAta sulatAnanA tAbAmAM krIthI AgyuM. teNe muhammadAbAda (cAMpAnera) mAM I.sa. 1576 nA menI tA. 25 mIe praveza karyo. phigIo sAthenA sagha` ane sulatAnanuM maraNu have sulatAna bahAdurazAhane phiraMgIe taraphanI ciMtA sivAya khIjI kAI ciMtA rahI na hatI. tene dIvamAM killA bAMdhavAnI paravAnagI sulatAna pAsethI maLI hatI. emaNe asAdhAraNu jhaDapathI pAMca mAsa jeTalA TUMkA samayamAM eTale ke I sa. 1536 nA mA sudhImAM tyAM paththarane majabUta kille caNAvI dIdhA ane tyAMnA kaptAna tarIke menyuala DiseAjhAnI nimaNUka karI. utAvaLamAM thaI gayelI bhUla bAbatamAM sulatAnane have pastAvA thavA lAgyA, kAraNa ke mutrale| pAsethI gujarAta pAchu meLavavAmAM emaNe keAI noMdhapAtra madada karI na hatI. dIva zaheramAMnA sthAnika lokeA ane killAmAMnA phiraMgIo vacce dhaNuM thayA karatuM hatuM, jete rAkavA killAnI ane zaheranI varatInI vacce eka koTa bAMdhavA mATe eNe pATugIjha sattAvALAene kahevaDAvyuM. e bAbatamAM paNa emaNe paravAnagI ApI nahi. AvAM kAraNAne laI ne sulatAnanI mUMjhavaNamAM

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ka kaM] mujhapharazAha rAjAthI mujhapharazAha 3 [221 vadhAro thato rahyo. chevaTe sulatAna phiraMgIone dIvamAMthI hAMkI kADhavAnI peravI, racavA muhammadAbAda(cAMpAnera)thI dIva Avyo. I.sa. 1536 nA navembaranI tA. 13mIe khabara ApyA vinA killAnA kaptAna menyuala DisojhAne maLavA thoDAka aMgarakSako sAthe sulatAna bahAdurazAha gayo. ene tyAM mAna sAthe AvakAravAmAM aAvyuM ane e sahIsalAmata pAcho pharyo. e samAcAra govAmAM gavarnarane maLyA tyAre gavarnare kaptAna DisojhA upara sulatAnane pakaDI levAnI taka jatI karavA mATe sakhta pake mekalo. I.sa. 1536 nA DisembaranA aMkamAM gAvAne gavarnara tune da kuhA sulatAne mokaleluM AmaMtraNa svIkArI38 gavAthI dIva AvI pahoMcyo. sulatAne e pachI khANa mATe ene AmaMtraNa pAThavyuM. nanane kaptAna mAraphata khabara maLI gaI hatI ke sulatAna pitAne keda karavA mAge che, eTale AmaMtraNamAM kAvataruM hevAna ene bhaya jaNAyo tethI nAdurasta tabiyata hovAnuM bahAnuM kADhI eNe ene asvIkAra karyo, tethI I.sa. 1537 ne phebruArInI tA. 13 mIe sulatAna pitAnA salAhakAronI salAhanI avagaNanA karIne ene jahAjamAM maLavA gayo ane ucca kakSAnA tera jeTalA pitAnA khAsa amaladArone sAthe rAkhyA, paNa tyAMnuM AkhuM vAtAvaraNa kapaTa bhareluM jaNAtAM bahAdurazAhe tarata ja pAchA pharavAnuM yogya dhAryuM. jaladIthI gavarnaranI paravAnagI laI e pitAnI kIDAnaukA tarapha jaladI jaladI pAcho pharyo ane emAM besI jaladIthI kinAre pahoMcavA hukama karyo, paraMtu ene pIThe karI phiraMgIoe ene DubADI dIdhI ane enI sAthenAM tamAma mANasonI katala karI.39 sulatAnanuM mUlyAMkana sulatAna bahAdurazAhe enI AraMbhanI kArakirdI vIratA ane parAkramothI bharapUra pradarzita karI hatI. enI caDatInA samaya daramyAna eNe yuddhanA medAnamAM batAvelI bahAdurIe madhyakAlIna ItihAsamAM ene virala yaza Ape che, paraMtu e abhaNa, kUra ane mojIle hato ane nazAmAM cakacUra raheto hato tethI jema jema samaya pasAra thato gayo tema tema ene bhayAnaka muzkelIono sAmano karavAnA saMjoga upasthita thatA gayA. enuM tapakhAnuM ucca keTinuM hatuM ane ene naukAkAphale baLavAna hato, paraMtu zAsaka tarIke vijayI thavAno lAbha e meLavI zakyo nahi. enA samayamAM eka tarapha rAjyane jhaDapI vikAsa thayo, paraMtu je jhaDapathI eNe pradeza chatyA teTalI ja jhaDapathI eNe e gumAvyA paNa

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pararI. sastanata kAla kharA. ene mojazekhamAM rAcanArAone saMga gamate tethI e asthira ane avivekI ba hato. eNe mughala zahenazAha humAyU sAthe vagara vicAryo jhagaDe vaherI lIdho ane phiraMgIonI sAme eNe je DhIlI ane nirbaLa nIti apanAvI tene lIdhe gujarAtanI salatanatanA patana mATe e kAraNabhUta banyo. sulatAna muhammadazAha 3 je (I.sa. 1537) sulatAna bahAdurazAha aputra maraNa pAmyA, tethI enA uttarAdhikArInI bAbatamAM khaTapaTa zarU thaI temAM zahenazAha humAyUnA banevI muhammada jhamAna mIrajhAe mukhya bhAga bhajavyo.4* bahAdurazAhanI mAtAe pitAne dattaka lIdhe che evo dAvo eNe AgaLa karyo, paraMtu amIroe sulatAna bahAdurazAhanA vaphAdAra bhANeja ane khAnadezanA sulatA! mIrAM muhammadazAhane bolAvI takhtanIta karavAnuM yogya mAnyuM. bahAdurazAhe paNa ene pitAne uttarAdhikArI jAhera karyo hato. amIre ane vacharoe ene sulatAna tarIke jAhera karyo ane enA nAmano khutaba vAMo temaja enA nAmanA sikkA paDAvyA. e gujarAtamAM takhtanazIna thavA mATe burahAnapurathI ravAnA thayo, paNa mArgamAM enuM 4 thI me, 1939 nA roja avasAna thayuM. sulatAna sAaduddIna mahamUdazAha ke jo (I.sa. 1537-1554) sulatAna muhammadazAhanA avasAnanA samAcAra maLatAM tamAma amIree ekamata thaIne sulatAna bahAdurazAhanA bhAI latIphakhAnanA 11 varasanA putra mahamadakhAnane sulatAna tarIke jAhera karyo. banyuM hatuM evuM ke sulatAna bahAdurazAhe tamAma zAhajAdAone mArI nakhAvyA hatA, paraMtu A mahamUdakhAna nAnI vayane hato tethI bacI javA pAmyo hatA. khAnadezanA sulatAna muhammadazAha 3 jAnA jApatA nIce kilAmAM rAjakedI tarIke ene uchera thato hato. sulatAna muhammadazAhanA tyAMnA uttarAdhikArI mubAraka 2 jAe ene seMpavAnI AnAkAnI karI tethI amIra IkhtiyArakhAne eka lazkara laI khAnadeza upara AkramaNa karyuM ane ene amadAvAda laI Avyo. I.sa. 1537nA oNgasTanI tA. 8mIe ene "saaduddIna mahamUdazAha 3 jAne khitAbathI takhtanazIna karavAmAM AvyA.63

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8] mujhaphapharazAha 2 jAthI mujhaphapharazAha 3 je [1raka amIremAM khaTapaTa sulatAna mAtra bAra varSanI vayane hevAnA kAraNe vAstavika rIte sattA amIronA hAthamAM ja hatI. temAM zaktizALI tarIke IkhtiyAra siddIkI, dariyAkhAna hasena, imAdulamuka malekajI ane AlamakhAna lodI hatA. thoDA samaya e sarvee suleha-saMpathI kAma karyuM, paraMtu thoDA ja samaya bAda temAM mAMhe mAMhe AMtarika khaTapaTa, IrSyA ane spardhAnAM maMDANa thayAM tene AraMbha dariyAkhAne karyo. eNe imAdulamuka malekane pitAnA pakSamAM lIdhe. enI madadathI eNe ikhtiyArakhAna ane enA putrane marAvI nAkhyA. tyAra bAda dariyAkhAne salatanata para pitAne saMpUrNa kAbU karI lIdhuM. enI sAme TakI nahi zakatAM chevaTe ImAdulamuzkane gujarAtamAMthI mAMDU tarapha nAsI chUTavuM paDayuM. dariyAkhAna have sarvasattAdhIza banI beThe. pAMca varSa sudhI sulatAna ene vaza rahyo, paNa dhIme dhIme sulatAnane paravazatA ane nAmazIno khyAla AvavA mAMDaze. eve samaye rAjyane bIje moTo amIra AlamakhAna lodI, je dhaMdhukAmAM jAgIra dharAvato hato, teNe sulatAnane sahAya karavA chUpI rIte kaheNa mokalyuM. goThavaNa karyA mujaba madhyarAtrie potAnA khAsa vizvAsu ne kara carajI nAmanA pAradhI sAthe sulatAna savAra thaIne dhaMdhukA pahoMcyo44 bIje divase dariyAkhAne sulatAna ahamadazAha 1 lAnA pautro paikInA koI ekane zodhI kADhI ene sulatAna mujhaphapharazAha'nA khitAbathI takhta upara besADyo ane pote sulatAna mahamUdazAha 3 jA ane AlamakhAna sAme laDavA dhaMdhukA tarapha ravAnA thaze. dhoLakA najIka dADA gAme thayelI laDAImAM jeke dariyAkhAne sulatAna mahamUdazAha ane AlamakhAnane harAvyA, paraMtu dhIme dhIme enI senAnA ane enA pakSanA mANase ene pakSa choDIne sulatAnanA pakSe javA lAgyA, AthI ene chevaTe burahAnapura tarapha nAsI javuM paDyuM (I.sa. 1543). sulatAne muhammadAbAda jaI AlamakhAnane amIra umarAno khitAba ane sipAhAlArano hedo enAyata karyA ane enI salAhathI mAMDUmAM Azraya laI rahelA imAdula mulka malekane bolAvyo ane ene bharUcanI sarakAra ane suratanuM baMdara jAgIramAM ApyAM. eNe pAradhI carajIne viramagAmanI jAgIra ane muhAphijhakhAna no khitAba Ape. zarUAtathI ja sulatAna halakI manovRttivALA lokonA sahavAsamAM rahetA AvyuM hatuM. e sagIra hatA tyArathI caracha pAradhI eno mAnIto banI gaye

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124). saltanata kAla hatA. "muhAphijhakhAnane khitAba maLatAM arajI pate eka meTo darabArI hoganuM pitAne mAnavA lAge. sulatAne paNa mAtra enI salAhathI ja ghaNuM ayogya kArya karyA. AlamakhAna ane ImAdumulka vagere mukhya amIronI e avagaNarna karato hato, AthI AlamakhAna ane bIjA amIroe enI katala karAvI nAkhI. have AlimakhAna ane mujAhidakhAna jevA moTA amIroe sulatAna upara bhadramAM evI cokI rAkhavA ma DI : ke jANe e najarakedanI hAlatamAM hato. eTalAmAM amIromAM mahemAMhe jhaghaDo thayo. majakUra mujAhidakhAna mULa paradezI hatA; I.sa. 1538 mAM dIvanI laDAI vakhate gujarAtamAM Avyo hato. e paradezI hovAnA kAraNe gujarAtanA amIro enA pratye bhAva darzAvatA na hatA. Ano lAbha laI sulatAne ene vizvAsamAM laI Alama khAnanuM baLa teDavA ! prayatno zarU karyA. keTalAka amIrae sattA meLavavA sulatAnane baMdha karavAnuM dhAryuM hatuM. koI bIjA bALakane takhta upara besADI sulatAna mahamUdazAhane khaseDI devo evI yojanA paNa cAlu hatI. vaLI ema karI keTalAkane mata rAjyane mAMhomAMhe vaheMcI levuM evo hato, paraMtu mahamUdazAha A yojanA jANI gayo. eNe mujAhidakhAnanI sahAyathI yojanA niSphaLa banAvI. AlamakhAna ane bIjA baMDakhora amIro nAsI 2thA (I.sa. 1545). A rIte sulatAna takhtanazIna thayo hato. te pachI ATha varasa bAda rAjyavahIvaTa svataMtra rIte karato thayo. enI vaya mAtra 19 varasanI hatI tethI mujAhidakhAna rAjya-rakSaka banyo. bahAdurazAhanA mRtyu pachI ekAMtavAsamAM rahetA aphajhalakhAna baMbAnIne vachara nImavAmAM Avyo. A pachI I.sa. 1544 sudhI koI khAsa vidhi vinA mojazokhamAM samaya gALI muktapaNe sulatAne zAsana calAvyuM. daramyAna khAjA sapharane "khudAvaMdakhAnane khitAba enAyata karI, surata baMdarane vahIvaTa soMpavAmAM AvyA. dIva para caDAI e samaya evo hato ke jyAre gujarAtanuM vahANa porTugIjhanI paravAnagI vinA AvajA karI zakatuM na hatuM ane dIvamAM killA tathA zaheranI vacce agAu thayelI saMdhi mujaba bAMdhavAmAM AvelI dIvAla toDI pADavAmAM AvI hatI. AvAM aneka kAraNone laI khAjA saphare sulatAnane dIva upara AkramaNa karavA samajAvyo. ema karavA e sahamata paNa thayo. e kAryano AraMbha kare te pahelAM e kilAne kabaje bane te gAphaTakAthI levA eNe eka prayatna

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1 pheM] mujhapharazAha 2 jAthI mujhaphapharazAha 3 jo [1ra karyo. dIvano eka phiraMgI phuI pheyara suratamAM hatuM tene lAMca ApIne dIvA killAmAM dArUgoLAthI bharele bhAga urADI daI gujarAtanA lazkarane emAM praveza karavAnI saraLatA karI ApavAnI khaTapaTa karavA samajAvyo, paraMtu e kAvataruM bahAra paDI gayuM. dIva para AkramaNa karatAM pahelAM phiraMgIothI suratanuM rakSaNa karI zakAya e mATe suratamAM eka majabUta kille bAMdhavAmAM Avyo hato tyArathI suratanuM baMdara tarIkenuM mahatva zarU thayeluM. have khudAvaMdakhAna khAjA saphare I.sa. 1546 nA eprilanI 20 mIe dIva upara caDAI karavAnI zarUAta karI. kille nAno hato. gujarAtanuM topakhAnuM e vakhate majabUta hatuM, te eNe killAnI sAme goThavyuM. enI toponA cAlu mArAthI phiraMgIone saraMjAma khUTI gayo ane khuvArI vadhatI gaI. phiraMgIo sAmano karatA rahyA. laDatAM laDatAM khAjA saphara mAryo gayo. enA pachI enA putra moharama rUmI. khAnanI senApati tarIke nimaNUka thaI. e tathA bilAla jadUjahAra khAna phiraMgIone sAmano karatA rahyA. evAmAM eka vAra phiraMgIo taraphathI khanakhAra AkramaNa AvyuM temAM meharama rUmakhAna ane aneka bIjA amaladAro mAryA gayA ane judUjahArakhAna giraphatAra thaye. eno sAthIdAre saradAra jahAMgIrakhAna raNakSetramAMthI nAsI chUTayo ane uparanA zoka-samAcAra sulatAnane pahoMcADyA. eNe gussAmAM A jaI jeTalA hatA teTalA phiraMgI kedIonA patAnI najara AgaLa TukaDA karAvI nAkhyA. I.sa. 1547nA memAM jyorja de menejhisa bharUcanA kinArA upara Utaryo ane zahera ane kilAne Aga cAMpI ane tyAMthI je maLyuM te lUMTI lIdhuM. eNe lekanI ghAsanI mAphaka katala karI ane bAgabagIcA vagere je kaMI tyAM AkarSaka hatuM te badhuM chinnabhinna karI nAkhyuM. I.sa. 1547nA oNgasTamAM sulatAna mahamUdazAhe eka lAkha pacAsa hajAra sainikone eka lazkara eMsI to sAthe dIva upara pharIthI AkramaNa karavA ane emanA humalAo sAme baMdarAnuM rakSaNa karavA bharUcamAM ekatra karyuM. joke phiraMgIone dhIme dhIme khyAla Avyo ke AkramaNa karyA karavAmAM nukasAna pitAne ja che; tethI sulatAna upara keTalAka maNa senuM bheTa tarIke mokalI have pachI mIThA saMbaMdha rAkhavAnI khAtarI ApI. I.sa. 1548 mAM e baMne pakSo vacce saMdhi thaI, temAM dIvane killo phiraMgIonA kabajAmAM jAya, paNa baMdara sulatAnanI sattA nIce rahe ane aradhI jakAta sulatAnane maLe evo kAra thayo. humale thAya te dille sulatAnane se che evuM paNa nakkI thayuM.

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126] satanata kAla .i AsaphakhAnane vahIvaTa I.sa. 1548 mAM mujAhidakhAna ane aphajhalakhAna vaccenA jhaghaDAne laIne rAjyavahIvaTamAM aMdaroaMdara muzkelI upasthita thaI. agAu kahevAmAM AvyuM che. ke sulatAna bahAdurazAhe pitAnA vizvAsu amIra AsaphakhAnane potAno janAno ane khajAno salAmata rAkhavAnA irAdAthI e laIne makkA ravAnA karI dIdho hato. e samayathI eTale ke I.sa. 1535thI e makkAmAM ja hato. ene vahIvaTa eTale suMdara hato ke e samaye e mATe enI pratiSThA jAmI gaI hatI, AthI sulatAna mahamUdazAhe ene makkAthI amadAvAda bolAvI magAvya: sulatAne ene "nAyaba mulakane khitAba enAyata karI moTo hedo Apyo. have eNe kAmakAja saMbhALI lIdhuM. vajIra aphajhalakhAna enA kAryamAM mAthuM mArato na hato. AsaphakhAne kAryavAhI zarU karavA sAthe paradezIonuM bAra hajAranuM lazkara sulatAnanuM rakSaNa karavA rAkhyuM temAM eNe arabo habasIo ane phiraMgIone paNa samAvyA. I.sa. 1549 mAM sulatAne vAtrakane kinAre AvelA mahamUdAbAdane pitAnuM rahevAnuM sthAna banAvyuM, kAraNa ke tyAMnI AbohavA ene ghaNI mAphaka AvI. ene ImArato baMdhAvI zaNagAyuM ane amIrone paNa tyAM rahevAnI sa ' AsiphakhAnanI salAhathI sulatAne hiMduo pAsethI vAMTAnI jAgIro laI levA hukama cheDavA, jethI IDara sirohI DuMgarapura vAMsavADA luNAvADA rAjapIpaLA ane mahI nadInA kinArAnA jAgIradAro upara Aphata UtarI. jyAM jyAM virodha thayo tyAM tyAM sulatAne kaDaka hAthe kAma lIdhuM. A uparAMta paNa sulatAne hiMdu prajA upara trAsa gujAravAmAM kamI rAkhI nahi, hiMduone ghoDesavArI karavAnI manAI pharamAvI. hoLI ane divALInA tahevAro jAheramAM UjavavA upara pratibaMdha mUkyo. jAmA ane aMgarakhAnI bAMya ke khabhA upara sulatAnanI zaraNAgati sUcavatuM lAla raMganuM kapaDuM vIMTALavAnA hukamano kaDaka amala e karAvato. maMdira ane devaLomAM pUjA vakhate ghaTa nagArAM ke koI paNa prakAranAM vAjAM vagADavAnI manAI karI.45 sulatAnanI hatyA 15 mI phebruArI, 1554 nA roja sulatAnanI sAlagirAha dhAmadhUmathI UjavAI tyAra bAda sAMjanA sulatAnanA nokara burahAnuddIne sulatAnane pANImAM jhera ApyuM ane eNe bebhAna banelA sulatAnane rAtri daramyAna khaMjara paDe mArI * nAkhyo.

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mujhapharazAha 2 jAthI muphapharazAha 3 je burahAnanI hatyA sulatAnanI tala pachI burahAnane paDe takhtanazIna thavAno khyAla Avyo. enA e beya upara pahoMcavAnA rAhamAM je kaI Ave tene khatama karavAno eNe nizcaya karyo. sulatAna mahamUdazAha aMgarakSakonI eka moTI hathiyArabaMdha TukaTI rAkhato hato, te "vAghamAra' (vAghane mAranAra) nAmathI oLakhAtI hatI. pitAnuM kAma kaDhAvavA burahAne moTAM inAmo ane meTAM padanI lAlaca ApIne eka khaMDamAM emane chupAvI rAkhyA hatA. e khaMDamAM je kaI praveza kare tenI katala karavAno eNe ene hukama Apyo hato. e mujaba sulatAnanA nAmathI AmaMtrIne bAra jeTalA mukhya amIrone teonI mAraphata katala karAvI. bIjA divase savAra thatAM vAghamAronI TukaDI ane anya mANasanI sAthe zAhI ThAThathI eNe savArI kADhI. aphajhalakhAnanA makAna AgaLathI e pasAra thatI hatI tyAre enA dattaka putra zeravAnakhAna bhaTTIe pitAnI talavAranA eka ja jhATakAthI burahAnanA zarIranA be TukaDA karI nAkhyA. vAghamArA pitAnA ghoDA ane je hAtha lAgyuM te laIne nAThA. A sarve banAvo mahamUdAbAdamAM banyA ane zaheramAM hAhAkAra macI game (I.sa. 1554). sulatAna ahamadazAha 3 joka' (I.sa. 1554-61) sulatAna mahamUdazAha binavArasa hato tethI sulatAna ahamadazAda 1 lA(I.sa. 1410-1442)nA nAnA zAhajAdA zakarakhAnanA prapautra rajhIulumulakane sulatAna ahamadazAha (3 jA)'nA khitAbathI mahamUdAbAda(mahemadAvAda) mAM takhtanazIna karavAmAM AvyA. e samaye gujarAtamAM amIra abdulakarIma ItibhAdakhAna saiyada mubAraka bukhArI, (bharUca) imAdula mulaka arsalAna rUmI ane ( surata) khudAvaMdakhAna rajaba mukhya baLavAna amIra hayAta hatA. itimAdakhAne rAja-rakSaka tarIke vahIvaTa saMbhALI lIdho ane amIrae gujarAtanA jillAo aMdara aMdara vahecI lIdhA. khAnadezanA sulatAnanI caDAI khAnadezanA sulatAna mubArakazAha sulatAna bahAdurazAhane dauhitra thato hato tene rajhIulamukanI takhtanazInInI mAhitI maLI tyAre eNe pote gujarAtanA sulatAnavaMzane najIkane saMbaMdhI heIne pitAne dAvo peza karyo ane e eka moTuM lakara laI gujarAta upara caDI Avyo. gujarAtanuM lazkara hajharata saiyada mubArakanI sipAhAlArI nIce enI sAme laDavA gayuM. bharUca najIka rANapura kerA gAme

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128] saltanata kAla ) mi, narmadAne kinAre chAvaNI nAkhIne eNe laDAIne AraMbha karyo, paraMtu laDAI AgaLa vadhe te agAu baMne pakSo vacce saMdhi thaI ane sulatAna mubArakazAha khAnadeza pAcho gaye. itimAdakhAnanuM varcasa bALa sulatAna ahamadazAhanI sthiti ItimAdakhAnanA kabajAnA kedI samAna hatI. takhtanazInI pachI pAMca varasa bAda enA upara ladAyelA ItimAdakhAnanA baMdhanane ane ene pacAvI pADelI enI tamAma sattAne ene khyAla Avyo. eka divasa lAga joI e nAsI chUTayo ane saiyada mubAraka bukhArInA rakSaNa nIce mahamUdAbAdamAM rahevAnuM eNe pasaMda karyuM. e saiyadanI pratiSThAne prabhAva ane ItimAdakhAnatA ApakhudI svabhAva pratyenI napharatane laIne keTalAka amIro tyAM ekatrita thayA ane eka mitra-saMghanI sthApanA karI. ItimAdakhAna ane enA sAthIdAroe enI sAme laDavA kUya karI ane baMne vacce laDAI thaI temAM tIra vAgI javAthI saiyada bukhArInuM avasAna thayuM. pariNAme saMdha hAryo ane enuM lazkara vikherAI gayuM (I.sa. 1558 nI julAInA 13 mI). sulatAna ahamadazAha keTalAka divasa jaMgalamAM rakhaDo rahyo. aMte ene ItimAdakhAna pAse pahoMcavuM paDyuM. e ene amadAvAda laI gayo ane ene zAhI mahelamAM kedI tarIke rAkhyo. imAdulamuka gorI ane tAtArakhAna gorI nAmanA amIro itimAdakhAne ekahaththu rAkhelI sattAne laIne kaMTALI gayA hatA. emaNe te bahAra kADhI amadAvAdamAM enA makAna upara goLAno mAro calAvyo, AthI sulatAnane laIne e cAMpAnera pAse AvelA hAlolamAM nAsI chuTayo. tyAM eNe lazkara ekatrita karavA mAMDayuM. mahomAMhe laDAIo phATI nIkaLavAnI taiyArI hatI eTalAmAM keTalAka zAMtipriya lokonI daramyAnagIrIthI amIrAmAM karAra thayA jene laIne ItimAdakhAna rAja rakSaka tarIke cAlu rahyo. tyArabAda sulatAna itimAdakhAna viruddha mUkhamI bharI yojanA karate rahyo, jenI itimAdakhAnane jANa thatAM eNe sulatAna nI katala karAvI (I.sa. 1561.47 sulatAna mujhaphapharazAha 3 jo (I.sa. 1561-1573) sulatAna ahamadazAha 3 jAne karuNa aMta Avyo. ene kaI vArasa na hato. evA saMjogomAM ItimAdakhAne bAra varasanA nanU nAmanA eka chokarAne mujhaphapharazAha 3 jA ne khitAba enAyata karI I.sa. 1561 mAMja8 takhtanazIna karyo. e namU49 zAnI khAnadAnane hevI bAbatamAM zaMkA che.pa0

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mujhapharazAha 2AthI muphirazAha 3 [129 sulatAna mujhapharazAhane najarakeda je rAkhIne ItimAdakhAne rAjyanI sattA pitAnA hAthamAM rAkhI. pradezamAM zAMti na hatI. mahemAMhe laDatAM amIronAM aneka rAjyamAM pradeza vaheMcAI gayo hato. mahatvAkAMkSI amIromAM sattA mATe khunakhAra kheMcatANa thayA karatI hatI. judUhArakhAna habasI ane ulugakhAne habasI sivAyanA bIjA amIro itimAdakhAna pratye nArAja hatA. ciMgIjhakhAnanI laDAI gujarAtamAM aphaghAna turka(rUmI) ane habasI vagere paradezIo jeramAM AvI gayA hatA. emAM eka navuM tatva umerAyuM. uttara bhAratamAM mughala zahenazAha akabaranI sAme baLavo karI enA saMbaMdhIo mIrajhAe gujarAtamAM bhAgI AvyA. A mIrajhAonI sahAyathI dakSi, gujarAtanA amIra ciMgIjhakhAne ItimAdakhAnane ukheDI nAkhavA AkramaNa karyuM. itimAdakhAna paNa sulatAna mujhapharazAhane AgaLa karI lazkara laI sAme Avyo. vaTavA pAse khArI nadIne kinAre baMne vacce keTalIka nAnImoTI laDAIo thaI temAM mIrajhAonI madadathI ciMgIjhakhAnane phateha maLI. ItimAdakhAna sulatAna mujhapharazAhane sAthe laI, moDAsA thaI DuMgarapura tarapha bhAgI gaye. daramyAna ciMgIjhakhAne amadAvAda AvI gujarAta para pitAnI sattA pravartAvI (I.sa. 156 6). khAnadezanA sulatAne gujarAta para caDAI karI tene pAchI haThAvI, paNa habasI amIrAe caMgIjhakhAnanI hatyA karI (I.sa. 1567). amadAvAdamAM ItimAdakhAna sulatAnane laI pAcho pharyo, paNa zerakhAna phalAdIe ene phAvavA dIdhuM nahi. cAra varSa lagI amIranI aMdara aMdara khaTapaTa cAlI. Akhare itimAdakhAne gujarAtamAM pravartelI aMdhAdhUMdhIne aMta lAvavA mATe mughala zahenazAha akabarane gujarAta upara caDI AvavA pegAma pAThavyo.51 akabara AvI koI takanI rAha joto hato. pegAma maLatAM taiyArI karI eNe gujarAtanI purANI rAjadhAnI pATaNamAM I.sa. 1572 nA navembaranI tA. 7 mIe paDAva nAkhe. tyAM eka aThavADiyuM ArAma laI e amadAvAda tarapha ravAnA thayo. tyAM zera khAna phalAdIe itibhAdakhAnane cha mahinAthI gherI rAkhyo hato. enA AgamananA samAcAra maLatAM zerakhAna ghero uThAvI nAsI chUTayo.53 sulatAna mujhaphaphara A aMdhAdhUdhImAM taka maLatAM zera khAnanI pakaDamAMthI 2kI gayo ane kaDI najIka AvelA joTANAmAM anAjanA keI eka khetaramAM I-pa-9

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130 satanata kAla ki. saMtAI rahyo. tyAM ja zAhI chAvaNI hatI tethI navembaranI tA. 15 mIe aladAronA hAthamAM e sapaDAI gayo.54 akabara amadAvAda AvI pahoMcyo te pahelAM itimAdakhAna ane enA pakSanA AgaLa paDatA sabhyoe AvIne amadAvAdanI cAvI ene suparata karI. e pachI zahenazAhe amadAvAda AvI gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke enA dudhabhAI khAne Ajhama mIrajhA ajhIjha kokAnI nimaNUka karI. (I.sa. 1572). mIrajhAone tAbe karI, suratane killo sara karI, akabara amadAvAda AvI, phatehapura sikarI gaye. evAmAM gujarAtamAM baLa thayo ne akabare tAbaDatoDa pAchA AvI, baLavAkhorAne vaza karI amadAvAdamAM pharI potAnI ANa vartAvI (I.sa. 1573). mujhaphaphara Isa. 1578 mAM koIka tarakIbathI najarakedamAMthI chaTakI gayo te pachI eNe prathama rAjapIpaLAnA hiMdu rAjA pAse ane e pachI saurASTramAM AvelA kheraDInA lemA khumANa pAse jaI Azraya lIdho ne tyAM thoDA samaya gupta rahI e potAnuM rAjaya pAchuM meLavavA mATe yogya takanI rAha joto rahyo. bIjI bAju zakti ane jarUriyAta mujaba subedAre gujarAtamAM badalAtA rahyA. I.sa. 1583 mAM ItimAdakhAna gujarAtanA sUbedAra hato tyAre mujhapharazAhe keTalAka asaMtuSTa baMDakhora sAthe rAyakhaDa daravAjA najIka dIvAlanA bhaMgANamAMthI pAyatakhtamAM praveza karyo ane ene lUMTayuM ne eno kabaje lIdho (sapTembara, 1583). e samaye sUbedAra ItimAdakhAna ane ene puragAmI sUbedAra zihAbuddIna ahamada kaDImAM hatA teo pUra jhaDape amadAvAda tarapha ravAnA thayA. mujhapharazAha ane enA TekedAroe saMgaThita thaIne zihAbuddIna ane ItimAdakhAnane zikasta ApI. AnA pariNAme zAhI lazkaranA sainike moTI saMkhyAmAM mujhapharazAhanA sainyamAM joDAI gayA. zihAbuddIna ane itimAdakhAna pATaNa gayA ane vijayI sulatAna mujhapharazAha 11 varasanA gALA bAda pharIthI gujarAtanA takhta upara beTho. I.sa. 1583 nA aMtamAM zihAbuddIne zahenazAha akabarane gujarAtanI rAjakIya paristhitithI vAkepha karyo AthI eNe kAbela sipAhAlAra mIrajhA abdahImakhAnane gujarAta nA sUbedAra tarIke mokalyo55 ne ene madada karavA kasAyelA rAjapUta ane muslima senApatione moTI saMkhyAmAM sainyanI TukaDIo ApI mokalyA. bIjA pakSe mujhapharazAhe pitAnA sahAyaka mitrone amIra padanA khitAbe ane jAgIra temaja emanA padane yogya evA daramAyA enAyata karyA ane hi. sa.

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huM] mujhapharazAha 2 jAthI mujhapharazAha 3 jo [131 991(I.sa. 1583-84)mAM amadAvAdamAMthI potAnI salatanatanA chApanA sikkA paDAvyA. badhuM vyavasthita karyA pachI mujhaphapharazAhe eka moTA lazkara sAthe kuca karIne vaDodarAne ghero ghAlyo. ghera 22 divasa cAlyo. aMte eNe topamAro karI kille jamInadosta karyo. tyAMnA mughala hAkema kubuddIna muhammadakhAnane mujhapharazAhe pakaDI lIdho ane enI katala karAvI. be divasa bAda mujhaphapharazAha bharUca gayo ane tyAM zaheranI najIkamAM chAvaNI nAkhI. e pachI dIvAlanI aMdaranA enA TekedAroe ene bharUca kile meMpI dIdhuM. tyAM majakUra kubuddIna muhammadakhAnanuM kuTuMba rahetuM hatuM tenI daza karoDa rUpiyAnI milakata tathA khaMbhAtanI sarakArI tijorImAMthI 14 lAkha rUpiyA japta karyA. 5 have navo sUbedAra mIrajhA AvI rahyo che e samAcAra maLatA mujhaphapharazAha I.sa. 1584 nI jAnyuArInI 9mIe amadAvAda mATe ravAnA thayo ane tyAM AvI mIrajhAkhAnanA lazkara sAthe laDavA potAnA lazkarano yUha goThavyo. eNe mahamUdanagarapa7 najIka chAvaNI nAkhI tyAM topa ane dArUkhAnAnI vyavasthA karI. enI pAse lagabhaga 38 hajAra jeTalA ghoDesavAra sipAhI hatA.58 mIrajhAkhAna I.sa. 1584 nA jAnyuArInI tA. 14 mIepa9 pATaNathI ravAnA thayo ane eNe sAbaramatInA kinAre sarakheja pahoMcI tyAM chAvaNI nAkhI. ahIM baMne lazkare vacce laDAI thaIne baMne pakSe aneka zUravIra sainike ane senApatio marAyA. eTalAmAM eka evI aphavA prasarI gaI ke zahenazAha pite eka vizALa lazkara laI Ave che, AthI mujhaphapharazAhanA lazkare pIchehaTha karavA mAMDI ane aMte e tyAMthI bhAgI nIkaLyo. pariNAme sarakhejamAM mughalenA nAnA sarakhA sainyathIya ene bhAre zikasta maLI. A laDAImAM sulatAna mujhaphapharazAhanA be hajAra jeTalA sainiko mAryA gayA ane giraphatAra thayelA pAMca jeTalAnI katala karavAmAM AvI (phebruArI, 1584). A rIte mujhapharazAha 3 jAnuM bIjuM sulatAnapada mAtra pAMca mahinA TakyuM. sarakhejanA medAne jaMgamAMthI nAsI chUTI mujhaphapharazAha vAtraka nadI upara Avela mahamUdAbAda (mahemadAvAda) pahoMcyo ane tyAMthI e khaMbhAta gayo. tyAMthI pitAnI dhanadelata ane kapriyatAnA jore pitAnA vaja nIce e pharIthI 12 hajAra jeTalA mANaso ekatrita karI zako..? paNa mIrajhAkhAna ene pIcho karate ahIM AvI pahoMcatAM e vaDodarA tarapha cAlyo gayo. mughala

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kara) saltanata kAla pri. lazkare tyAM paNa ene pIcho karyo, tethI e narmadA ane rAjapIpaLA vacce Avela nAMdeda pahoMcyo, AthI mujhaphaphara bhayabhIta thaI gayo. e tyAMthI bhA. enA ghaNA sainika giraphatAra thayA ke marAyA. A rIte mIrajhAkhAnane saMpUrNa vijaya thayo. pariNAme mujhaphapharazAha gujarAta cheDI saurASTramAM jUnAgaDha tarapha nIkaLI gayo. tyAMnA amInakhAna gerIe ene gAMDaLamAM rahevAnI paravAnagI A vI. 3 enI sAthe thoDA phUTelA mughala sainika tathA kAThI ghoDesavAra hatA. tyArabAda gujarAtamAM na phAve to saurASTramAM ane saurASTramAM na phAve to gujarAtamAM e nAsabhAga karato rahyo. mughala lazkaranI TukaDIo enI pUTha pakaDatI rahetI. I.sa. 1583 thI mughala lakaranI TukaDIonI deDAdeDa mujhapharazAhanI pravRttione sAmano karavAmAM eTalI badhI vadhI gaI hatI ke AkhA pradezamAM sAmAnya janatAmAM zAMti rahI na hatI. jUnAgaDhano amInakhAna gorI tathA navAnagaranA jema chatrasAla madada karavAnAM vacana to mujhapharazAhane ApatA rahetA, paraMtu e mughala sUbedArathI bItA hatA tethI pALI zaktA na hatA, ane baMnene khuza rAkhavA moTI vAto karatA rahetA hatA. chevaTe jagata(dvArakA)nA rAjA zivArANa vAghere sulatAnane vahANamAM besADI beTamAM surakSita sthaLe kuTuMba sAthe ravAnA karI dIdho. zAhI lazkara beTa tarapha jatuM hevAnA samAcAra maLatAM zivA vAghere sulatAnane thoDA ghoDA ane rAjapUta rakSake ApI kacha tarapha mokalI dIdho. mughala lazkara e daramyAna AvI pahoMcatAM zivAe ene sAmane karyo. ne emAM e mAryo gayo. kacchanA rAve bhUjathI cheDe dUra mujhaphapharazAhane utAra Avyo, AthI mughala lazkare kacchane mulaka tArAja karavAnI peravI karI ane mulaka sahIsalAmata rAkhavo hoya to mujhapharazAhane soMpI do" ema ene jaNAvyuM tyAre morabI ane bhALiyAnAM paragaNuM je mULa kacchanAM hatAM te pAchAM ApI de to mujhapharazAhane soMpI devAnI rAve khAtarI ApI. Ane hakAramAM javAba maLatAM svArtha khAtara mujhapharazAhane eNe go karI pakaDAvI Apo. mughala lazkara ene laIne morabI tarapha jatuM hatuM tyAM dharakA (ke dharamaka) mukAme mujhaphapharazAha hAjate javAnuM bahAnuM kADhIne eka moTA jhADa pAchaLa gayo, tyAM eNe potAnA leMghAmAMthI chupAvI rAkhela a kADhI pitAnuM gaLuM kApI nAkhyuM. subedArakhAna Ajhame akabara upara enuM mAthe mokalI ApyuM. Ama hi. sa. 1000(I.sa. 1591-92)mAM gujarAtanA chellA sulatAne e samayanI hiMdanI jabaradasta zahenazAhata sAme varSo sudhI jhajhUmI A duniyAne tyAga karyo, paraMtu enI sAme namatuM na jokhyuM.

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mujhapharazAha 2 jAthI mujhapharazAha 3 je 133 pAdaTIpa 1. Chaube, History of Gujarat Kingdom, p. 112 2. 'maAsire rahImI,' bhA. 2, pR. 152; 'tabakAte akbarI' bhA. 3, pR. 176 3. gaurIzaMkara ojhA, 'rAjapUtAnA kA itihAsa', jilda 3, bhA. 1, pR. 75; sal'll geziell 1 (The Cambridge History of India, Vol III, p. 315) 'miDArImata' nAma mAsyu che. 4. nijhAmulamuka cAMpAneranA jayasiMha patAI rAvaLano putra thato hato. jayasiMhanA maraNa pachI ene sulatAna mahamUdazAha begaDAe potAnI dekharekha nIce musalamAnanI rIte ucherIne 'husena nAma ApyuM hatuM tathA ene nijhAmumulkano khitAba enAyata karyo hato. 5. 'tArIkhne mujhaphfarazAhI', pR 25 4. H. B. Sarda, Maharanu Sanga, p. 70 7. The Cambridge History of India, Vol II1, p. 319; maAsire rahImI', bhA. 2, pR 158 8. 'miraAte ahamadI' bhA. 1, pR. 64; 'maAsire rahImI', bhA. 2, pR. 159 8. 'miAte ahamadI', bhA. 1, pR. 64 20. The Cambridge History of India, Vol III, p. 321. gloryou itihaase| bhuma mussimAnusa142 bhayabhIta 24 ne pArcha yu (H. B. Sarda, Maharana Sanga, pp. 86-87). 11. The Delhi Sultanate, p. 167; Chaube. op, cit., pp. 142 ff. 12. vigatakAra yA bhATe the| Chaube, op. Dit., pp. 145 ff. 13. 'tArIkhe mujhaphpharazAhI', pR. 85 14. ' miAte sikaMdarI'. pR. 209 (bambaI) 15. 'miAte sikaMdarI', pR. 255 (bambaI) 16. 'miAte ahamadI', bhA. 1, pR. 69: miAte sikaMdarI', pR. 265-265 (bambaI) 17. 'miAte sikaMdarI', pR. 262 (bambaI): 'maAsire rahImI', bhA. 2, pR. 169 18. bhiAte sikaMdarI', pR. 263 (bambaI); 'maAsire rahImI', bhA. 2, pR. 171 15. ' miAte ahamadI' (bhA. 1, pR 69)mA bhulaDimAna mAlamanu nAma cha Ryd 27 gezell ST (The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III, p 324) bhale tUphAnanu nAma mApe che. 'mirUAte sikadarI '(pR. 266, bambaI mAM 55 tagAnanuM ja nAma che.

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13) saltanata kAla 20. "tAre mArI" mAM. 3, pR. 210 21. 'nimate sivArI', pR. 270 (aa) 22-23. "mirjhA ganI ', mAM. 1, pR. 70 24, "mitrata fsarI', pR. 271 (aq); "takAte gavarI" mAM 3, 4. 211 25. ' fmAte sivArI', pR 274 (vasva . nAgapUtAnA A tihAsa' (pR. 85-86) mAM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke DuMgarapuranA rAjAne rakSaNa aMge kaMI AzA rahI nahi tyAre eNe adhInatA svIkArIne suleha karI ane sulatAnane maLI gayo, paraMtu ene bhAI jagA (ke jagamAla) keTalAka vizvAsu mANasane laI pahADomAM ane pachI cittoDamAM jaI rANA ratanasiMha pAse pahoMcyo. rANAnI siphArazathI sulatAne vAgaDanuM adhuM rAjya jagAne ApyuM. ra6, rAyasInane killo bhepAla najIka eka TekarI upara kAMIka bhaMgAra dazAmAM sacavAI rahelo che. 79. Chaube, op. cit., pp. 154 ff. 26, Briggs, History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power, Vol. IV, p. 116 29. minnAte siva', pR. 287 (Gae); Briggs, op. Cit, Vol, Iv, p. 122, 'tainte mavana', mAM 3, 9 221 30. Briggs, op. cit, Vol. IV, p. 122 39. Commissariat, A History of Gujarat, Vol. I, p. 330. The Cambridge History of India, Vol. Il, p. 330 mAM vikramAditya che. 32. 'fmate sidara', pR. 22 (varDa) 33. The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III, p. 329, Briggs, op. cit., Vol. IV, p. 124 34. Briggs, op. cit., Vol. IV, p. 126 35. " mite marmavI'. mA. 1, 6. 74 36. 10 kUvAldi re munnara 3 mAThThi (bhA. 1, pR. 241-10)mAM imAdulamuka maleka jIvana che, paraMtu mite sirI" (pR. 11, va)mAM imAlamuka malekajI che. 37. "mirAte sirI', 6 20 (sva) 36. The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III, p. 334

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mujhapharazAha 2 jAthI mujhapharazAha 3je [15 39. "mirAte sirI'. 9. rU22 (sva); "tAre mArI', mA. 3, pR. 24 40. 'amArire rImI', mA. 2, pR. 188; fmAse sirI', pR. 324 () 89. The Mughul Empire, p. 398 42. phiristA-kRta gujarAtanA musalamAnI samayane itihAsa, pR. 187 43. The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III, p. 335. paraMtu anya graMthomAM 10 mI me, 1538 apAI che. juo The Mughul Empire, p. 398. 44. The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III, p. 339; batAte hArI', mA. 3, pR. 237 84. Mirat-i Sikandari, p. 239 46. itihAsamAM sAmAnya rIte e "sulatAna ahamadazAha 2 jA'nA nAmathI oLakhAya che, paraMtu sikkAo upara "sulatAna kubuddIna (I.sa. 1451-58) sAthe "ahamadazAhanA lakhANanI chApa hoya che tethI A sulatAnane "sulatAna ahamadazAha 3' gaNa yogya (Taylor, 'The coins of Gujarat Sultanat', J. B. B. R. A. S., Vol. XXI, 1903, p. 329). Yo. Mirat-i Sikandari, p. 289; Commissariat, op. cit.; 476; The Mughul Empire, p. 401 48. " mite sivara', . 421 (vA), kira mamavI chu. 107. paraMtu tArI kriristA ane tAte navarI'mAM hi.sa. 967 eTale ke I.sa. 1560 che. 49. tavArIkhamAM e nAma judI judI joDaNuothI lakhAyeluM che. mIra abU turAbanI "tArI gujarAta' (pR. 101 ), "mirAte mumatI" (pR. 12) ane "mirAgAte multAvAra" (rU. 107)mAM nanha che. "mitrAne gamatI (mAM. 1, g. 24)mAM "nayuM che, "tu nahIrI' (pR. 21)mAM banI che, "jabhAriye rasTrImI' mA. 2, (u. 166) ane kAranAmA'(mA. 1, pR. 307)mAM banne che, tApI jiriztA mAM harbsa' (kadAca "bI" uparathI hulAmaNuM nAma) che. 50. tArI ritA'(Briggs, op, cli, Vol. Iv, p. 155)mAM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke itimAdakhAne kurAne zarIpha upara hAtha mUkIne segaMda khAIne amIrAne kahyuM hatuM ke sulatAna mahamUdazAha 3 jAnA avasAna samaye e chokarInI mA eTale ke sulatAnanI rakhAta sagabhAM hatI, eNe pAchaLathI janma Apyo hato. thoDA samaya pachI e ja itimAdakhAne kahyuM ke e sulatAnane putra nathI.

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17 salatanata kAla 4. Briggs, Vol. IV, pp. 158-59 52. akabaranAmA, mA. 3, pR. 6 53. 'maAsire rahImI', bhA. 1, pR. 206 54. 'abaranAmA', bhA. 3, pR. 6 tathA 'mirUAte sikaMdarI', (pR. 452, bdd'odaa)mAM jaNAvAmAM AvyuM che ke sulatAna mujhaphapharazAha khuda amaladAro pAse gayo. 55. 'maAsire rahImI', bhA. 2, pR. 222 59. ejana, pR. 231 57. hAla e "maimanagara' nAmathI oLakhAya che. e sAbaramatInA kAMThe AvelA usmAnapurathI pazcime thalatejanA mArga najIka uttara bAju che. 58. 'tujake jahAMgIrI', pR. 216 55. 'mi Ate sikaMdarI', pR. 378 (bambaI) 60. 'akabaranAmA,' pR. 153 61. 'tabanAte akabarI', bhA. 2, pR. 377; 'mira Ate sikaMdarI', pR. 379 (bambaI). mAyanI ( muntakhabuttavArIkha' bhA. 2, pR. 331) me sadhyA ye DaranI pIche bhane sAmAna na 2 ghaaus||2 khopAnu cha ('muntanabulalubAba', bhA. 1, 1. 187). 62. 'maAsire rahImI', bhA. 2, pR. 239 63. ejana, pR. 241

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pariziSTa gujarAtamAM phiraMgIono pagapesAro paMdaramI sadInI chellI pacIsI pahelAM hiMdI mahAsAgara thoDAka dariyAI sAhasikonA kheDANa sivAya pazcimanAM rASTra mATe baMdha dariyA jevo hato. yuropa ane pUrvanA dezo vacce jamIna mArge thatA vepAramAM arabanA avarodhothI yuropanI vepArI prajAne dakSiNa AphrikAnA kAMThe kepa opha guDa hopa dvArA dariyAI mArga zodhavAnI jarUriyAta jaNAI. emAM porTugale agragaNya bhAga bhajavyo. phiraMgIsAhasike ane vepArIoe 1498 mAM vAsko DI gAmAnA kAlikaTa baMdare AvyA pachInAM sattara varSomAM eTale ke 1515mAM mahAna phiraMgI gavarnara AbukarkanA thayelA avasAna sudhInA samayamAM IrAnI, akhAtamAM AvelA nirjana khaDakALa TApu hAramajhathI mAMDI agni eziyAmAM AvelA garama masAlAnA utpAdaka TApuomAM malAkkA sudhI phiraMgI vepAra vistAryo ane pitAnI vaga asarakAraka rIte jamAvI dIdhI. 1498 bAda phiraMgIonI sattA arabI samudramAM vadhatI hovAthI ijipanA vepArane bhAre nukasAna thavA lAgyuM tethI tenA sulatAnane gujarAta sAthe sahayoga karIne phiraMgIone hAMkI kADhavA prayAso karyo vAsko DI gAmA pachInA phiraMgI sattAdhIzomAM pahelAM phiraMgI vAIsaroya tarIke AvelA Doma phresisko da amIDA(1505-1509)e hiMdanA pazcima kAMThA para mahatvanAM ane nyUhAtmaka sthaLoe thANa sthApI, kilA bAMdhavAnI nIti apanAvI ane e mATe joradAra prayAsa karyo. A samayamAM gujarAtanuM dIva baMdara AMtararASTriya dariyAI vepAra mATe ucca koTinuM gaNAtuM. tyAMnA hAkema tarIke malika ayAjha hato, je phiraMgIone kadara virodhI hato. phiraMgIonI hiMdanA kAMThA para vadhatI jatI pravRttine dAbI devAnA prayAsa rUpe thayelI cevala baMdara khAtenI prathama laDAImAM gujarAta ane IjiptanA naukAkAphalAe vijaya prApta karyo (1508. IjiptanA chellA malUka sulatAna kanasahaala-ghevarIe hiMdanA kAMThe phiraMgIo sAme laDavA mATe amIra husenanI

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138) saltanata kAla AgevAnI heThaLa Ijiptane zaktizALI naukAkAphalo mokalyA. gujarAtanA naukAkAphalAnI malika ayAjhe AgevAnI lIdhI. baMnee bhegA thaI phiraMgIone muMbaInI uttare Avela cevala baMdara najIka sajajaDa hAra ApIra temAM vAIsaroya AbhIDAne juvAna putra lorenjha bahAdurIpUrvaka laDatAM laDatAM mAryo gayo. e phiraMgIonA itihAsamAM suprasiddha vIra puruSa gaNAya. mirAte sikaMdarI mujaba jhaghaDAkhora yuropiyano e garabaDa UbhI karI levAthI sulatAna mahamUda begaDAe AkramaNa karavAnA hetuthI cevala tarapha kUca karI ane e dahANu sudhI pahoMce, paNa mArgamAM ja ene malika ayAjhe meLavelA vijayanA samAcAra maLatAM eNe khuza thaI malika ayAjhane mAna-pozAka bheTa Apyo. amIDAe vera levAnA hetuthI dIva tarapha prayANa karyuM ane mArgamAM kAMThA paranI vastImAM luMTaphATa karato ane sitama gujArate e 1509nA AraMbhamAM dIva AvI pahoMcyA. tyAM IjiptanA naukAkAphalAne hAra ApIne veravikhera karI mUkyo, jethI amIra husanane Ijita tarapha pAchA pharavAnI pharaja paDI. A samaye malika ayAjhe ijiptanA kAphalAne khAsa sahAya karI hovAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. eNe phiraMgI sAthe suleha karI tethI phiraMgIoe vijaya Ujavyo hato.' AmIDAnI jagyAe A phonjha da Abukarka (159-1515) gavarnara tarIke Avyo. eNe mahattvAkAMkSI ane dUradazI nIti apanAvI ne phiraMgI sattAnI jamAvaTa karavAnA prayAsone vega Apyo. dakSiNa hiMdanAM rAjyomAM phiraMgI lAgavaga ane dariyAI aMkuza vadhI rahelAM joI mahamUda begaDAe phiraMgIo sAthe suleha karavAnuM yogya mAnyuM ane vATAghATo karavA mATe Abukarka pAse potAnA pratinidhine 151 (sapTembara)mAM kAnAnora khAte mekapa e vakhate Abukarka govA para kAbU gumAvyo hato. sulatAnanA pratinidhio Abukarkane be patra ApyA, temAM eka patra gujarAtanI rAdhAnI cAMpAneramAM keda pakaDAyelA phiraMgIono hato, jemaNe pitAne choDAvavA mATe vinaMtI karI hatI, bIjo patra phiraMgIonA khAsa mitra tarIke oLakhAyelA malika gopIno hate temAM eNe phiraMgI kedIone choDAvavAnI bAbata carcA hatI ane gujarAtanA rAjyamAM pote emano sAco mitra heIne sulatAna tathA Abukarka vacce saMgaThana ane mitratA sthApavA banatuM badhuM karI chUTavA khAtarI ApI hatI. phiraMgI vahANo gujarAtane dariyAI vepAra khoravI nahi nAkhe evI khAtarI ApavA eka phiraMgI elacIne bheTagAde sAthe sulatAna pAse mokalavA mAgaNI karI hatI.

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pari. gujarAtamAM phiraMgIone paga pesAre [139 Abukarka A patrane uttara pAThavatAM jaNAvyuM ke pote gAvA jItavAnI taiyArImAM hovAthI e jItyA pachI mitratAnA karAra mATenI zarato jaNAvaze. e pachI eNe bijApuranA sulatAna pAsethI gAvA jItI lIdhuM (navembara, 1510). govAnA patanathI e samayana hiMdanAM rAjyomAM rigIonAM mAna ane pratiSThA vadhyAM. mahamUda begaDAne paNa have Ijipta sAthenA saMbaMdhothI kaMI phAyado thaze nahi ema khAtarI thaI gaI hatI. eNe phiraMgI kedIone cheDI mUkyA. IjiptanA sulatAne paNa govAnA patananA samAcAra jANI suejhamAM baMdhAtAM vahANonuM bAMdhakAma baMdha karI devAno hukama karyo. Ama hiMdI mahAsAgaramAM phiraMgIone mukAbale karavA sajAvela muslima rAjyone saMdha thaDA samaya mATe asarakAraka rIte tUTI paDayo. A samaye porTugale pUrvanA dezomAM potAnI sattA kevI rIte sthApIne daDha banAvavI enI spaSTa nIti nakkI karI lIdhI hatI. e anusAra eDanahoramajhane govA sudhI sAMkaLanAra mahatvanA madhyavartI kendra tarIke dIvanuM sthAna anivAryapaNe upayogI jaNAyuM, AthI dIvane kabaje karI tyAM phiraMgI sattAnI jamAvaTa karyA vagara ane ema karavA gujarAtanA sulatAna sAthe samajUtI karyA vagara tathA sArA saMbaMdho rAkhyA vagara cAle ema na hatuM. mahamUda begaDAnA avasAna pachI sulatAna tarIke mujhakUphara 2 je (151115ra 6) gAdIe AvyuM. enA samayamAM phiraMgI rAjadUtonI sulatAnanA darabAramAM ane sulatAnanA pratinidhionI phiraMgI gavarnara pAse avarajavara vadhavA pAmI ane rAjakIya saMbaMdha vikasatA gayA. Abuka 151ramAM gAvAmAM potAnI sattA data karyA pachI porTugalanA rAjAnI IcchA pramANe gujarAtI baMdaro mATe sulatAnanA darabAramAM TrasTIo DegAne pitAnA pratinidhi tarIke vATAghATo karavA bhegAdo sAthe mokale (Disembara 1512). Abukarka dIvamAM kille bAMdhavA devA mATe paravAnagI ApavA mukhya mAgaNI karI hatI. gujarAtane badhe dariyAI vepAra phiraMgIo dvArA govA mAraphate karavAnI tathA turko ke ijiptanA lekene vepAra mATe gujarAtamAM AvavA na devAnI mahatvanI zarato mUkI hatI. TrIsTAo DegAe enI sulatAna sAthenI mulAkAtano ahevAla Abukarkane rUbarUmAM cevala baMdara khAte Ayo, jyAM Abukarka eDanathI gAvA pAchA pharatAM rokAyo hato. e cevala AvatAM agAu dIva pahoMcyo hato ne tyAM malika ayAjhane maLyo hato. (sapTembara, 1513). malika ayAjhe AbukarkanuM vivekapUrvaka svAgata karyuM

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140] ' saltanata kAla hatuM. TrIsTAoe ApelA ahevAla mujaba sulatAne dIvamAM kiho bAMdhavA devAnI vinaMtIne phagAvI dIdhI hatI, paNa vadhu vAtacIta thatAM gujarAtanA dariyAkAMThe AvelA keTalAka TApuomAMthI DeI para kiTale bAMdhI vasavATa karavA mATe paravAnagI ApavAnI taiyArI batAvI hatI, paNa DegAe AbukarkanI rajA vagara e kabUla karavAnI nA pADI hatI. sulatAne turkIne ke ijiptanA lekene gujarAtamAM nahi pravezavA devAnI mAgaNIne mAnya rAkhI hatI. DegAe kahyA mujaba malika gopI pAsethI ene evuM jANavA maLyuM hatuM ke dIvamAM phiraMgIonA pagapesArAnI viruddhamAM mukhya malika ayAjha ja hato.8 sulatAna mujhaphapharanA samayamAM suratane hAkema malika gopI ane dIvane gararnara tathA gujarAta rAjyano naukAdhipati malika ayAjha zaktizALI saradAra hatA. phiraMgIo sAthe malika gopIe karelo patravyavahAra dave che ke e phiraMgIone pakSapAtI ane mitra hatA. malika ayAjhanI nIti phiraMgI virodhI hatI e spaSTa che. A baMne ekabIjAnA pratispardhA ane samoDiyA hevAnA kAraNe teo phiraMgIonA praznamAM ekabIjAthI judA paDelA jaNAya che. malika ayAjhanI rASTrapremI nIti hovA chatAM eNe AbukarkanuM svAgata umadA rIte karyuM hatuM e enI mutsaddIgIrI batAve che. Abukarka dIva choDatI vakhate tyAM malika ayAjhanI saMmatithI pheranAo mArTijha egelo nAmanA phiraMgI amaladArane mAla bharelA eka vahANa sAthe tyAM rAkhyo hato. enuM mukhya kAma rAjakIya samAcAra mokalavAnuM hatuM. Abukarkane TrIsTAo DegA taraphathI ane enI sAthe AvelA gujarAtanA rAjadUta taraphathI jaNAyuM ke phiraMgIone dIvamAM kille bAMdhavA devAnI viruddhamAM malika ayAjha che, jyAre malika gopInuM valaNa maitrIbhAvanuM che. dIvamAM rahelA mArTijha engalee Abukarkane coMkAvanAra rAjakIya samAcAra mekalAvyA. emAM keronA kAjIe gujarAtanA ane vijApuranA rAjAene kiMmatI bheTasogAda mekalAvI khristIo ( phiraMgIo) sAme yuddha karavA AzIrvAda pAThavyAnA, eDananA rAjAe phiraMgIo dIva para halle karavAnA che evuM jaNAvI dIvamAM rahetI enI prajAne tyAMthI vahelI take pAchI bolAvI levAnA ane malika ayAjha dIvanI bAbatamAM rUbarU carcA karavAnA hetuthI moTI bheTasogAdo sAthe gujarAtanA sulatAnanI mulAkAte gayAnA samAcArane samAveza thato hata; ethI Abuka dIvamAM killo bAMdhavAnI mAgaNI para bhAra ApavA sulatAna pAse rajUAta karavA eka bhapakAbharyuM pratinidhimaMDaLa mokalavAnuM nakkI

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pari.] gujarAtamAM phira`gIenA paga pesAro [14 karyuM' ane 1514 mAM DIegA krnAnDIjha bhejA ane jemsa TekasIrAne elacIe tarIke sulatAna sAthe vATAghATA karavA meAkA, A pratinidhima`DaLe 1514 mAM suratamAM malika geApIne tyAM utArA pAmI amadAvAda sudhI karelA pravAsanuM, malika gopInI cAMpAneramAM thayelI mulAkAtanuM, amadAvAdamAM sulatAna mujhaphkare ene ApelI zAhI mulAkAtanuM tathA gujarAtanA vajIra khudAvaMdakhAna sAthenI rAjakIya vAtacItA vagerenuM varNana AlbukarkanI Commenteries(TippaNIo)mAM jovA maLe che. sulatAne elacImaDaLane killA bAMdhavA mATe jamIna ApavA bharUca, surata nAhIna, Dumasa athavA te| bAkara vikalparUpe sUcavyAM, paNa dIva sivAya bIjA koI sthaLa mATe kaI paNa kabUla karavAtI peAtAne sattA nathI evu pharnAnDIjhe jaNAvelu. sulatAne dIva aMge ApelA makkama javAba tathA sulatAne perTugalanA rAjA mATe ApelA geMDAnI bheTa laI pratinidhimaMDaLa pAchuM karyuM. . 10 phira'gI elacIma`DaLa 1514nA sapTembaramAM geAvA pAchuM " ne Albukarka te jaNAvyuM ke dIvamAM killA bAMdhavA mATe sulatAna rAjI nathI. enI pAchaLanu kAraNa darzAvatAM kahyuM ke malika ayAjhe lAMcaruzavatathI sulatAnanI mAnItI begama bIbI rANIne peAtAnA pakSe lIdhI che ane enuM ja khAsa calaNa che. 1515 mAM Albukarkane peArTugalanA rAjAe pAche khelAvI lIdhe!. AlbukarkanI jagyAe lepeA sAte gavarnara tarIke meyeA, paNa 1518 mAM DIegA lepsa da sIkamerAne khAsa hukama ApI meAkalavAmAM AvyA ke tAre dIvamAM kille bAMdhavA. dIvamAM jyAM sudhI surilama sattA haze tyAM sudhI turkInA pagapesArA hiMdamAM raheze evI perTugalamAM prabaLa mAnyatA hatI. vaLI A samaye malAkA ane pUrvanA dezA sAthe gujarAtanA chIMTa kApaDaneA moTA vepAra cAlatA hA tethI dIvanu mahattva pe|rTugalane ghaNu hatu. gara DIege| 1520nA aMtamAM heramajhathI hiMda pALe karatAM dIva para humaleA karavAnA irAdAthI dI Avye. tyAM malika ayAjhe enu` mAnapUrvaka svAgata karI ghaNI heAziyArIthI dIvanI saMrakSaNa--dhavasthAne paricaya karAvye. e joIne DIege kaMI paNa karyAM vagara gAvA jatA rahyo. enI sAthenI vAtacIta parathI malika ayAjhane kira`gIo taraphathI dIva para AvanAra bhayanI gadha AvI gaI hatI, ethI eNe dIvanI sarakSaNu-vyavasthA vadhu saMgIna banAvI lIdhI. DIege laDavAnA irAdAthI meTA jahAjI kAlA sAthe IthI dIva AvyA (phebruArI 9, 1521 ) paNa malika ayAjhanI sAvadhatA joI e hAramajha tara jatA rahyo.

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14ra) salatanata kAla dIva meLavavAmAM hatAza thayelA Diogoe cha mahinA bAda dIva para humale karavAno prayAsa karyo. ene hetu dIvathI lagabhaga 20 mAIla dUra dariyAkAMThe Avela mujhaphapharAbAda (hAlanuM jApharAbAda) chatI laI tyAM kille bAMdhavAne paNa hato, paNa malika ayAjhanA naukAsenAnI AgA muhammade enA hetuo saphaLa thavA dIdhA nahi. DIegonA irAdAonI jANa malika ayAjhane enA jAsusa dvArA thaI jatI hatI, tethI e phAvato na hato. evAmAM malika ayAjhanuM avasAna thatAM (1522) phiraMgIonA mArgamAM je moTo avarodha hato te dUra thaI gayo ne paristhiti parivartanazIla banI. enA avasAnathI phiraMgIo ane gujarAta vaccenA saMgharSano prathama tabakko pUro thayo. | gujarAtamAM mujhaphaphara pachI bahAdurazAha sulatAna thayo (I.sa. 15ra61537). phiraMgIoe dIvamAM killo bAMdhavAnuM jhaMkheluM kArya enA samayamAM phaLIbhUta banI zakyuM. enuM zreya phiraMgI gavarnara tune da kunhA(15291538)ne phALe jAya che. enA hiMda AvatAM agAu gujarAtanAM baMdara malika ayAjhanA putra malika tuvAna ane enA pachI mustaphA rUmakhAnanA varcasa heThaLa salAmata rahI zakyAM hatAM. nunene dIvA kabaje karavAnI spaSTa sUcanAo hatI, AthI eNe 1529mAM AvatAMmAM ja khaMbhAta, surata-rAMdera ane damaNanAM baMdara para humalA karAvI, Aga caMpAvIne, lekanI ghAtakI katala karAvI A sthaLonI najIkanI prajAmAM phiraMgIonI nAmanA eka trAsa vartAvanAra prajA tarIke phelAvI.11 eNe govAthI prayANa karI (jAnyuArI 6, 1531), muMbaI thaI, damaNa pahoMcI e kabaje karyuM. damaNamAMthI ja eNe sulatAna bahAdurazAha sAme prathama vAra porTugalanA rAjAnA nAme laDAI jAhera karI ane dIva pAse AvelA ziyALa beTa pAse mukAma karyo (phebruArI 7, 1531). tyAM eNe beTa paranI tamAma vastIne raheMsI nAkhI bhayaMkara hatyAkAMDa saje, AthI e beTane "mRtyunA beTa" (The Isle of the Dead) tarIke phiraMgI nakazA ane tavArIkhomAM sthAna maLeluM che. ane kAle dIva AvI pahoMcyo (phebruArI 11, 1531) e agAu dIvanA gavarnara malika ,dhAne saMrakSaNa mATenI bhAre taiyArI karI lIdhI hatI. vaLI A kaTokaTInA prasaMge yamananA amIra taraphathI murataphA bina baharAma, je pAchaLathI gujarAtanA itihAsamAM rUmakhAna' nAme prasiddha thayo, te 600 tu ane 1300 arabone laIne madade AvI pahoMcya; je yuddha thayuM temAM phiraMgI

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pari.] gujarAtamAM kira'gIonA pagapesArI (143 ene niSphaLatA maLI (phebruArI 16) ane tuneAe mecenI ane krodha sAthe vidAya lIdhI. kira`gIenA parAjayathI ane mustaphAnA vijayathI khuza thayelA sulatAna bahAdurazAhe mutakAne mIkhAna'tA khitAba ApyA ane bharUcanI jAgIra ane khIjI jagyAe bakSisa ApI. niSphaLatA varelA nune e pAtAnA krodhAgni ThaMDA pADavA mahuvA dheAdhA valasADa tArApura mAhima kevA ane agAzI khaMdarA para hallA karI e tArAja karAvyAM, enA jevI trAsadAyaka nIti apanAvavAnuM anukaraNa paMdara varSa` khAda Avela phiraMgI gavarnara joAe DI kAlTrAe karyuM hatu N. A samaye vasaInI AjubAjunA pradezamAM jahAjonA bAMdhakAmamAM vaparAtu sAga khUba pramANamAM maLI rahetuM, tethI tunee vasaInA hileA jItI laI (1534) tyAM rahelA bahAdurazAhanA lazkarane nAsI javA pharaja pADI. e pachI eNe cANA bAMdarA mAhIma muMbaI vagere gAmeA phiraMgI sattA heThaLa ANyAM, 13 dIva para caDAI karavAnA prayAseAmAM peAtAne niSphaLatA maLatI chatAM e nuneA rAjadvArI paddhati dvArA potAnuM dhyeya hAMsala karavA prayatnazIla rahetA hatA. eNe bahAdurazAha sAthe vATAghATA karavA sImAe pherIrAte elacI tarIke ane joe 6 sAnTiAgeAne enA dubhASiyA tarIke mezyA, sAnTiAge siddhAMtahIna prakRtine hAI e bahAdurazAhanI kRpA prApta karI, 'krUira'gIkhAna'tA khitAba meLavI sulatAnanI AkarImAM rahI gaye|, chatAM sImAe phaeNrIrA sulatAna ane nune vaccenI mulAkAta geAThavavAmAM saphaLa thayeA. e mujaba tune mulAkAta mATe dIva AvyA (kaTAkhara, 1533), paNa bahAdurazAhanuM mana palaTAI jatAM ene mulAkAta ApI nahi, jethI tutene khAlI hAthe pAchA pharavu paDyuM. A vakhate gujarAta para eka Aphata AvI paDI. mughala samrATa humAyUnA baDakheAra sALA muhammada jhamAna mIrajhAne bahAdurazAhe rAjyAzraya ApelA (1533) ane pANIpatanA yuddha pachI AvelA aphadhAna amIza vagerene paNa Azraya ApyA hatA, A kAraNe humAyU e bahAdurazAha sAthe samAdhAna mATe vATAdhATa calAvI, paNa ema karavAmAM niSphaLatA maLatAM, humAyU e gujarAta para caDAI karI bahAdurazAhane bhAre mUMjhavaNamAM mUkI dIdhA. bIjI bAjue kri gI taraphathI dAva levA mATenuM dabANu satata cAlu hatuM. A saMjogAmAM bahAdurazAhe krUgI sattA sAthe karelA tir3Asika karArAmAM prathama karAra vasaInuM mahattvanuM aMdara enI AjubAjunA pradeza sAthe soMpI devA aMge karyo (Disembara, 1534).14 enAthI gujarAtanA jaLavistAramAM ane gujarAta rAjyamAM phiraMgIenA paga dRDha rIte prathama vAra jAmyA. gujarAtanA vepAra emanA kuzane AdhIna banyA. ca

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sastanata kAla [pra. ke karAra thavAnA samaye humAyU saurASTra ane gujarAtanA pazcima taraphanA ceDA bhAga sivAya bahAdurazAhanA AkhA rAjyane mAlika banI cUkyo hato. eNe cAMpAnera-pAvAgaDha jItI laI (ogasTa, 1535) sulatAnane bhAgeDu sthitimAM mUkI dIdho hato, jethI e dIva Avyo ane phiraMgIonI madada mATe Atura banyA. sulatAne nunane madada mATe kahevAyuM. ane taraphathI vaLato saMdeze AvavAmAM vAra lAgatAM adhIrA banelA bahAdurazAhe turkane sulatAna pAse madada meLavavA potAnA elacIne Ijita mokalI Apo (sapTembara, 1535), paNa e pachI turata ja nA pratinidhio dIvamAM AvI pahoMcyA (sapTembara 21, 1535) ane vATAghATo karI zarato nakkI karI, pariNAme sulatAne phiraMgIo sAthe bIje atihAsika karAra karyo (okaTobara 25, 1535). A karAra mujaba gavarnaranue jamInamArga ane dariyAI mArge bahAdura zAhane duzmanothI rakSaNa ApavA kabUlAta ApI; badalAmAM phiraMgIone dIvamAM kille bAMdhavA devAnI paravAnagI sulatAne ApI. dIva baMdaranI jakAtI tathA mahesUlI Avaka sulatAna hastaka rahevA devAmAM AvI. A karAramAM vasaI aMge agAu thayelA karArane samarthana ApavAmAM AvyuM. baMne pakSoe ekabIjAnI dhAmika bAbatamAM hastakSepa nahi karavA mATe ravIkAryuM. 15 Ama je meLavavA mATe phiraMgIone pacIsa varSathI rAjanaitika ane yuddhakIya kSetre satata jhajhumavuM paDayuM te bahAdurazAhanI hatAzA ane ni:sahAyabharI sthitine lIdhe sahajamAM maLI gayuM. A karAra pachI tarata ja phiraMgIoe bIjI koI aNadhArI muzkelI AvI paDe e pahelAM asAdhAraNa jhaDapa karI phakta pAMca ja mahinAmAM dIvamAM kille bAMdhI dIdhA (mArca 1536).1 paraMtu bahAdurazAhane phiraMgIo taraphathI dhArelI madada maLI nahi. dIrdhadaSTivALA ane e joI lIdhuM ke phiraMgIenI tamAma tAkAta kAme lagADavAmAM Ave te paNa mughalone gujarAtamAMthI hAMkI kADhavAnuM muzkela che ane je mughalone gujarAtamAMthI hAMkI kADhavAmAM Ave te baha dUrazAha phiraMgIonI madada para AdhAra nahi rAkhatAM emane dIvamAMthI ja hAMkI kADhavAnI peravI kare, ethI eNe phakta nAmanI madada lI. evAmAM ja bahAdura zAhane pIcho karavA mATe kUca karI rahelA humAyUne dhaMdhukA AgaLa AgrAthI saMdezo malyo, jemAM ene tarata ja pAchA bolAvavAmAM Avyo hato, tethI humAyUe turata ja gujarAta choDayuM. e pachI bahAdUrazAhe amIro vagerenA sabaLa TekAthI mughalene gujarAtamAMthI hAMkI kADhayA ne

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pari. gujarAtamAM kirIone pagapesA (15 . amadAvAda kabaje karyuM. gujarAta para pharIthI sattA jamAvyA bAda sulatAna bahAdurazAhane phiraMgIo sAthe vasaI ane dIva bAbatamAM karelA karAra badala bhAre pastAvo thavA lAgyA. phiraMgIo taraphathI nAmanI ja madada maLI hatI. vaLI dIvanA killAnI phiraMgI TukaDIo ane dIvanA leko vacce satata gharSaNa thayA karatuM, AthI sulatAne killA ane zahera vacce dIvAla karavA mATe darakhAsta karelI, paNa ene phiraMgIoe asvIkAra karyo hato. teoe eTalI hade ApakhudI batAvI ke sulatAnanAM potAnAM jahAjone dIva baMdara choDavAnI paravAnagI apAtI nahi. A badhAM kAraNothI bahAdurazAha becena hato. A sthitimAM e cAMpAnerathI dIva Avya (1536 nA aMtamAM). e kayA spaSTa hetuthI AvyA hatA e kahevuM muzkela che, paNa phiraMgI ItihAsanoMdhakonA Alekhana parathI jaNAya che ke bahAdurazAhanI hatyA karavAne ke ene pakaDI levAne vicAra phiraMgIonA manamAM agAuthI ramato hato. keTalAka samayathI baMne pakSe je taMgadIlI UbhI thaI hatI tenAthI vAtAvaraNa gaMbhIra ane sphoTaka baneluM hatuM. bahAdurazAhe dIva AvI killAnI avAranavAra mulAkAta lIdhI ne samAdhAnakArI valaNa paNa banAvyuM hatuM. vaLI dArU ane bhAMganA nazAmAM phiraMgIo viruddha e je bakavATa karate tenI vAta phiraMgIo pAse pahoMcI jatI tethI phiraMgIo bhayabhIta rahetA. bahAdurazAhanA nimaMtraNathI ja gavarnara ane ene maLavA moTA kAphalA sAthe Avyo (jAnyuArI, 1537). vahema ane zaMkAothI bharelA vAtAvaraNamAM bahAdurazAhe citI ja nananI mulAkAta lIdhI. e mATe e dariyAkAMThAthI dUra lAMgarelA gunenA jahAja para gaye. pote tyAM kasamaye ane khoTI rIte gayAnuM bhAna thatAM e pAcho pharyo, paNa gavarnarano saMdeza kahevAnA IrAdAthI keTalAka phiraMgIo enI pAchaLa AvI pahoMcatAM je dhAMdhala thayuM temAMthI chaTakavA bahAdurazAhe dariyAmAM jhaMpalAvyuM. dariyAmAM thayelI jhapAjhapImAM e mAryo gayo (phebruArI 13, 1537). 17 bahAdurazAhanA AvA Akasmika ane kautukabharyA maNanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika pratyAghAta paDayA. gujarAtanI saltanata paDatInA paMthe hatI temAM vikhavAda ane visaMvAda UbhA thayA. gavarnara nue taka jhaDapI laI dava para kabaje jamAvI dIdhuM ane kunehapUrvaka tyAMnI prajAne zAMta pADI vyavasthAtaMtra goThavI dIdhuM. i-5-10

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14] saltanata kAla gujarAtanA dariyAI vepAra ane vahANavaTA para phiraMgIone asarakAraka aMkuza sthApita thayo. jenA kAraNe bahAdurazAha humAyU sAthe laDAI karI hatI te muhammada jhamAna mIrajhAe aputra sulatAnanI salatanatano vArasa thavA geramArga apanAvyA. emAM phiraMgIone tika Teke meLavavA emanI sAthe karAra karIne (mArca 27, 1537) beMglera (mAMgaroLa-seraTha), damaNa tathA sarASTranA dariyAkinAre aDhI keza paheLo bhUmibhAga 18 ApavAnuM paNa svIkAryuM ne moTI rakamanI lAMca ApI, paNa bahAdurazAha-taraphI vaphAdAra amIree mIrajhAne phAvavA dIdhuM nahi. gujarAtanA sulatAna tarIke bahAdurazAhane bhatrIjo "mahamUda 3 jA' tarIke gAdIe AvyA. bahAdurazAhanA maraNa pachI phiraMgIonI tAkAta bhUmadhya samudra, rAtA samudra ane hiMdI mahAsAgaramAM vadhavA pAmI hatI enAthI eziyAnI moTI muslima sattAo cekI UThI hatI ane eka thavA jAgrata banI hatI. phiraMgIo sAthenuM emanuM gharSaNa anivArya banyuM hatuM. phiraMgIone dIva ane gujarAtanA jaLavistAramAMthI hAMkI kADhavA sulatAna mahamUda 3 jAnA samayamAM 1538 ane 1546 mAM ema be bhAre prayAsa thayA. A yuddhanAM varNana phiraMgI ItihAsa-noMdhakoe ane hAjI ud dabIraskRta "gujarAtanA arabI itihAsamAM ApelAM che, phArasI AdhAroe A vize mauna seveluM che. bahAdurazAhe phiraMgIo sAthe dIva aMge karAra karatAM agAu turkInA sulatAna pAse madada mAgavA pitAnA elacIne ravAnA karyo hato e AgaLa kahevAI gayuM che. sulemAna pAzAnI AgevAnI heThaLa moTo tukI naukAkApha dIva AvI pahoMcyo (sapTembara 2, 1538). gujarAta ane tukanA naukAkAphalA phiraMgIo sAthe laDyA, paNa gavarnara mukenA kAryadakSa saMcAlana sAme teo phAvyA nahi ane hArI gayA. turkI ane gujarAtIo vacce yuddha-saMcAlananI bAbatamAM sumeLa na hato, tethI e emanI hAranuM mukhya kAraNa banyuM. gujarAtIomAM paNa mULa gujarAtI muslimo ane paradezI muslima (tukI, sIdI jevA) vacce kusaMpa hato. phiraMgIonI jatanA samAcAra AkhA yuropamAM prasarI gayA ne porTugalanA rAjAne abhinaMdana maLyAM. 19 A samaye gavarnara ane dakunhAnI jagyAe vAIsaroya tarIke gAsiyA DiI ne rohA Avya (sapTembara 11, 1538) ane eNe sulatAna mahamUda sAthe vATAghATo calAvI suleha-karAra karyA (phebruArI 25, 1pa39).1 e anusAra dIva zahera ane killAnI vacce 6 phUTa UMcI dIvAla bAMdhavAnI sulatAnane

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pari.] gujarAtamAM phiraMgIone pagapesAre [147 paravAnagI ApavAmAM AvI. dIva ane devAnI jakAtI Avaka tathA dIvanAM khetaronI mahesUlI Upaja bhegAM karI ene trIjo bhAga phiraMgIone ApavAnuM ane bAkIne bhAga sulatAna pAse rahevA devAnuM tathA laDAI daramyAna dIvamAM tUTI paDelAM bAMdhakAma pharIthI nahi karavAnuM kabUlavAmAM AvyuM. Ama chatAM phiraMgIo ane dIvanI prajA vacce saMbaMdho sudharyA nahi ane kaDavAza tathA veranI lAgaNI cAlu rahyAM. dIvamAMthI phiraMgIone hAMkI kADhavAne bIjo prayAsa gujarAte anyanI madada lIdhA vinA 1546mAM karyo. A laDAI bhUmimArge thaI hatI. dIvane ghere ghaNA mahinA cAlyo ane e daramyAna banelA banAva 1538 nA banAvo karatAM vadhu mahatvanA tathA yAdagAra nIvaDavyA. e vakhate sulatAna mahamUdanA darabAramAM amIrAmAM be harIpha jUtha hatAM sthAnika athavA gujarAtI amIranA netA tarIke vajIra aphajhalakhAna biMbANI hatuM, jyAre paradezI turkI-sIdIonA jUthanA netA tarIke khvAjA saphara sabhAnI hatuM. ene "khudAvaMdakhAnano khitAba apAye hato. paradezI amIronA hastaka vizALa jAgIro ane mahattavanAM lazkara hatAM. sulatAna mahamUda 3 je bina-laDAyaka vRttine ane aparipakava buddhine hA, ethI khvAjA saphara sabhAnI phiraMgIo sAme bhUtakALanA verane badale levA mATe jAya e mATe vajIra aphajhalakhAne ene caDAvyo, AthI khvAjAne dIvamAM killA para AkramaNa karavAno hukama ApavAmAM Avyo. porTugIjha hiMdanA gavarnara tarIke A samaye DAma joAo DI kAsTro (1545-1548) hate. khAjA saphare dIvanA killAne je ghero ghAle te ATha mahinA (eprilathI navembara, 1546) cAlyo. e daramyAna keTalAka agatyanA banAva banyAH kAra TronA putra Dema pharanAnDiAnI vIratA ne pAchaLathI enuM mAryA javuM, kilAmAMnI phiraMgI strIonI bahAdurI, khvAjA saphara ane sIdI senApati bIlAla jajhArakhAnanuM mAryA javuM, gavarnara kAroe bhAre lazkarI taiyArI sAthe dIva pahoMcI kareluM laDAInuM saMcAlana ane Akhare meLavelI chata (navembara 11) vagere banAvo noMdhapAtra che. gujarAtanI hAra mATe muslima lazkaramAM ekatAnI khAmI ane be harIpha amIra-jUtha vaccenI kheMcatANa javAbadAra hatAM. A yuddhanAM pariNAma paNa asarakAraka nIvaDavAM. vijaya meLavyA bAda kAroe dIvane lUMTavA hukama karyo. dIvane killo samarAvavA mATe govAnA lake pAsethI nATayAtmaka rIte lenArUpe rakama ekatrita karI. dariyAkaMThAnI vastIne bhaya pamADavA amAnuSI trAsavAdI pravRttio karAvI. gujarAtanA kAMThA paranAM

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148). saltanata kAla baMdaro ane gAmo nizAnayoga hatAM tevAM para dArUgoLA varasAvI, loko para nirdaya ane ghAtakI julama gujAryo ane karapINa hatyAo karavAmAM AvI. Aga ane lUMTanA banAva te sAmAnya hatA. A rIte kAMThA paranAM ghaNAM gAma ujajaDa karAvavAmAM AvyAM. kAsTroe hAMsala karela vijyanA mAnamAM enuM govAmAM bahumAna karavAmAM AvyuM, enI saphaLatAnA samAcAra porTugala pahoMcatAM rAjA jahAna 3 jAo ane enI patnI DonA ketherinAe enA para aMgata patro lakhI enI vaphAdArIbharI sevAne ane deza mATe putranuM balidAna ApavAnA kAryane biradAvyAM ane vAisaroya" pada ApyuM. yuropamAM paNa porTugalanI kIrti vadhavA pAmI. phiraMgIoe vartAvelA trAsathI dIva zahera lagabhaga khAlI thaI gayuM hatuM, tethI kI-e khaMbhAtanA akhAtanAM baMdarAe DhaMDhero piTAvI dIvamAM AvIne vasavA mAgatA vepArIone jAnamAlanuM rakSaNa ApavAnI bAMhedharI ApI, AthI ghaNuM hiMdu vepArI dIva pAchA pharyA. gujarAtanA lazkare hAra khAdhAnA samAcAra jANI sulatAna mahamUda 3 jAe dIva jItI levA taiyArIo karavA hukama karyo, tethI navAM jahAja bAMdhavAnI tathA navI tapa DhALavAnI kAmagIrI meTA pAye . - zarU thaI. kAsTrone AnA samAcAra maLatAM e dIva AvyA, paNa gherAvAno bhaya jato rahetAM e pAcho pharyo. ema chatAM vaLatAM raste prabhAsa pATaNa lUTayuM ane ene Aga cAMpI. saurASTranAM baMdaroe lAMgarelAM 180 jeTalAM jahAjone Aga lagADI. kAsTro mRtyu-pathArIe hato tyAre ene baDhatInA samAcAra ane abhinaMdana saMdezA maLyA hatA. enuM avasAna khyAtanAma banelA saMta phrAMsisa jheviyaranA hAthamAM thayuM (jUna 6, 1548). kAsTronA bharaNathI hiMdamAM phiraMgI sattAne madhyAhana samaya pUro thaI jatAM enI paDatIne AraMbha thaI cUkyo hato. uttara hiMdamAM rAjakIya sthiti badalAI rahI hatI. zerazAha humAyU pAsethI sattA paDAvI laI madhya hiMda tarapha sattA phelAvI rahyAnAM eMdhANa vartAtAM hatAM. dIva ane vasaI para phiraMgIonI pakaDa majabUta banI hatI. gujarAtanI salatanatamAM visaMvAdI tonA kAraNe mahamUda 3 jAnI sattA kSINa banI hatI, ema chatAM gujarAta rAjyanI pratiSThA hiMdanAM zaktizALI rAjyamAMnA eka tarIke cAlu hatI. mahamUda 8 jAnA avasAna (1554) pachI ahamadazAha 3 sulatAna (1554-1561) ba. phiraMgIonI nema have damaNanuM baMdara levA mATenI

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pari. gujarAtamAM kiragIone pagapesAro 4i9 hatI. phiraMgI garvanara phrAnsisko bereTa(1555-1558)e 1 arabI gheDa ane 24 sasalAMnI bheTa sAthe pitAnA pratinidhine sulatAnanA darabAramAM mokalyA ane damaNuM baMdara phiraMgI sattAne ApavA vinaMtI karI. baMne pakSoe the bukasamaya sudhI arasaparasa pratinidhio mekalI vATAghATo calAvI. chevaTe evuM nakkI thayuM ke damaNa zahera para kabajo jamAvI beThele sIdI amIra, je gujarAtanI madhyastha sarakArano anAdara kare che, tene phiraMgIo hAMkI kADhe to damaNa gAma ane kille sulatAna phiraMgIone Ape. 21 "gujarAtanA arabI itihAsa pramANe gujarAtamAM imAdula mulaka arsalana je ItimAdakhAna amIrano pratispadhIM hato, teNe ItimAdakhAnane vaMsa karavA mATe 500 " phrAnikaza" lazkarI TukaDInI sevAnA badalAmAM damaNane kille je kula mulaka maphatAha nAmanA amIranA kabajAmAM hato te ApavA mATe karAra karyA, paNa maphatAha imAdulamukanA hukamathI paNa kilo khAlI karavA mAgato na hato ane sAmano karavAnI taiyArI karI beTho hato. evAmAM porTugIjhanA vAIsaoNya tarIke Dema keniTane DI baeNgA-jha (1558-1561) Avyo. eNe damaNa levAno nizcaya karyo ane pUratI taiyArI sAthe e damaNa gayo. jamIna ane dariyAI mArgone phiraMgIoe avarodhelA joI damaNanA killAmAMnA habasIoe laDAI karyA vagara 23 damaNanI dakSiNe valasADa najIka pAranerAnA DuMgaramAM jaI eka durgamAM Azaro lIdho. Ama eka paNa sainika gumAvyA vagara phiraMgIoe damaNane kabaje lIdhe. (phebruArI 2, 1559) ane ene "Our Lady of the Purification" nAma ApyuM, jeno ullekha emaNe emanA rAjA paranA patromAM karyo che. pAranerAmAM bharAI beThelA sIdIo damaNanA vepArIo tathA phiraMgIone kanaDagata karatA, tethI bragAnjhAe tyAMthI emane nasADI mUkyA ane zAMti sthApI. e pachI damaNamAM ne kille, devaLa ane keTalAMka makAna bAMdhavAmAM AvyAM, ne tyAM vahIvaTI vyavasthA goThavavAmAM AvI. baeNgA-jhAe eka vAra valasADa jItI lIdhuM, paNa e sIdI saradAra maphatAha sAme Takkara jhIlI zako nahi tethI e cheDI devuM paDyuM. gujarAtanI madhyastha sarakAra nabaLI paDI hatI, moTA amIromAM khaTarAga paNa cAlatA hatA, tethI ene lAbha laI surata ane bharUcanA amIro vacce vaimanasya jagADI phiraMgIoe surata kabaje karavA khUba prayAsa karyo, paNa emAM emane chevaTe niSphaLatA maLI.24 1572-73mAM mughala samrATa akabare gujarAta jItI lIdhuM. akabare suratane ghere ghA (11 jAnyuArI 1573 thI

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15 saltanata kAla 26 phebruArI 1573) tyAre rAjakIya aMdhAdhUMdhIne lAbha levA phiraMgIoe taka jhaDapavA prayAsa karyo. suratanA killAmAM gherAyelA mIrajhAe emanI madada mAgI ane badalAmAM kille soMpI devA nimaMtraNa mokalyuM, 25 paNa phiraMgIoe akabaranI tAkAta joI akabaranA darabAramAM suratamAM ja elacIo mokalyA ane saMbaMdha bAMdhyA. 24 dIva para kabajo meLavyA bAda phiraMgIonI paravAnagI va2 koI jahAja gujarAtanAM baMdarothI jaI zakatuM nahi ke bahArathI koI jahAja tyAM AvI zakatuM nahi. makkAnI haja karavA muslimone gujarAtanAM baMdarAe prayANa karavAnuM sugama thaI paDatuM. akabaranI 2 tA hamIdAbAnuM ane pheI gulabadanabAnu vagere janAnA-strIo akabara sAthe AvelI hatI temane haja karavAnI tIvra IcchA hatI. phiraMgIo pAse gujarAtanAM baMdarothI prayANa karavA emanA jahAjane phiraMgIo taraphathI paravAne maLe e paNa hetu A saMbaMdhe pAchaLa hoI zake. e sivAya vadhAre vajUdavALuM kAraNa bIju paNa hatuM : 1569 mAM bijApura ahamadanagara ane kAlikaTanAM rAjyoe phira gIone malabAra kAMThethI hAMkI kADhavAnA moTA prayAsa karyA hatA, paNa e niphaLa gayA hatA. akabare AnA parathI phiraMgIonI caDiyAtI naukA-tAkAta mApI 9Ine ane gujarAtanI nAkAtAkAta khIlavavAnuM muzkela lAgavAthI A saMbaMdha bAMdhyA hovAnuM lAge che. akabare potAnI pravRttio khaMbhAta surata ane bharUca para kendrita karI hatI e paNa AnA saMdarbhamAM sUcaka che. Ama gujarAtanAM mughala sattAnI sthApanA samaye pharaMgIo pAse va ane damaNa rahyo. pAdaTIpe 1. phArasImAM 'phiraMgI'ne mULa artha yuropanA loke thAya che, paraMtu gujarAtanI tavArIkhamAM e khAsa karIne porTugIjha mATe rUDha thayo che. 2. R. S. Wbiteway, The Rise of Portuguese Power in India, 1497-1550, pp. 115 ff., 124 f.; F. C. Danvers, The Portuguese in India, Vol. I, pp. 129 f, 141 3. E. C. Bayley, History of Gujarat, p. 222 7. Whiteway, op. cit., pp. 124 f.

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pari.] gujarAtamAM phigIe pagapekSArI [11 5. A mAhitI ApaNane The Commentaries of the Great Alfonso Dalboquerque mAMthI maLe che, jenuM saMkalana AlbukarkanA putra brAjha DAlkhAka kareluM che. 6. Commentaries, Vol. II, pp. 212 f. 7. Ibid., Vol. III, pp. 19 f. 8. Ibid., Vol. IV, pp. 59 f. 9. Ibid, Vol. IV, pp. 93 ff. 10. Ibid., Vol IV, pp. 105 f. 11. Danvres, op cit., Vol. I, p. 399 12. Whiteway, op. cit., p. 225 13. Philip Baldaens, A Description of the East India Coasts of Malabar and Coromandal, trans. in Churchill's Collection of Voyages and Travels, Vol. III, p. 532 Danbers, op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 404 14. Whiteway, op. cit., p. 236 n.; Danvers, op.cit., Vol. I pp. 416 f. 15. Whiteway, op. cit., pp. 338 ff.; Danvers op. cit., Vol I, pp. 416 f. A baMne karAronI vigatA sImAe eTalhAnA O Tombo do Estalo da India mAM ApavAmAM AvI che. 16. Bayley, op. cit.; p. 395 n. 17. Ibid, pp. 394 ff.; Whiteway, op. cit.. pp. 244 ff.; Hajji*ad. Dabir, An Arable History of Gujarat, Vol. I, pp. 261 f. vagere 18. AmAM mAMgarALa-sAraThathI ziyALabeTa sudhInA ane damaNathI vasaI sudhInA bhAganA samAveza thatA. 19. Whiteway, op. cit., pp. 265 f. 20. Whiteway 11mI mArca Ape che, (op. cit., p. 266), jyAre Danyers 27mI phebruArI Ape che. (op. cit., pp. 436 f.) kAmisariyeTa paNa 25mI phebruArI svIkAre che (History of Gujarat Vol. I, p. 412).

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15] sanala kAle 22. Danvers, op. cit., Vol. I, pp. 511 f. 22. Commissariat, op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 463 23. Danvers, op. cit. Vol. I. pp. 512 f. 24. Ibid, pp. 521 ff" 24. Abul fazl, Akbarnama (Eng. trans. by Beveridse), Vol. III, pp. 37f; mIrAte ehamadI (guja, anu. nijhAmakhAna paThANa), pR. 112 24. Abul Fazl, ibid., Vol. II, p. 37 n., Danvers, op. cit., Vol. [[, p. 4

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prakaraNa 9 samakAlIna rAjyo 1. kachane jADejA vaMza (1) mukhya vaza madhya kacchanA jADejA-vaMzamAM vaheNanA samayamAM rAjadhAnI lAkhiyAraviyarA(tA. nakhatrANA)thI habAya(tA. bhUja)mAM khaseDavAmAM AvI. vaheNajI saMbhavataH I.sa. 1321 mAM maraNa pAmatAM ene putra mULajI sattA upara AvyuM. gajaNavaMzanA rAyadhaNanA pautra haradhoLe jata beriyA ane kAThIone uzkerI hallA karavA mAMDayA. kAThIo sAthenA vigrahamAM I.sa. 1347 nA arasAmAM e khapI gaye. mULajI pachI ene putra kAMjI gAdIe Avyo. A kAMyAjIe kAThIonuM kacchamAMthI mULa ukheDI nAkhyuM ane kAThIone Azraya ApanArA, geDI(tA. rApara)nA vAghela zAsaka UMmIne paNa vinAza karyo hovAnuM lAge che kAMyAjInA avasAnanuM ane enA pachI gAdIe AvelA enA putra AmarajIe sattA dhAraNa karyAnuM varSa jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI. A AmarajInA samayamAM muslima phoja muslima varcasa kabUlAvavA AvI tene eNe kacchamAMthI hAMkI te kADhI, paraMtu yuddhamAM thayelA eka kArI jakhamane laI e maraNa pAmyA (saMbhavataH I.sa. 1413-14). e pachI rAjaputra bhImajIe nAnA rAjaputranA rAjarakSaka tarIke I.sa. 1429 sudhI rahyA pachI saradAronA prabaLa dabANathI pite sarvasattA potAnA hAthamAM lIdhI. abaDAsAnA jAma lAkhAnA putra jAma rAvaLe lAkhAnI uttarakriyAmAM yajJa karI e nimitte sagAMsaMbaMdhIone bolAvelAM temAM jAma bhImajI ane kumAra hamIrajI gayA nahi, paNa bhImajI maraNa pAme (I.sa. 1472) tyAre hamIra uttarakriyA upara Avyo ane jAma rAvaLe heta dekhADI, parasparanAM bApadAdAnAM vera bhUlI jaI, najIkamAM habAyanA DuMgarALa pradezamAMthI pAchA lAkhiyAra-viyare jaI rahevA vinaMtI karI. A uparathI jAma hamIra lAkhiyAra-viyarAmAM jaI rAjya karavA lAgyo.5

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154] saltanata kAla jhi, abaDAsAnA jAma rAvaLanA manamAM hamIrajIne sadAne mATe dUra karI kacchanI mukhya sattA paDAvI levAnI murAda hatI. vAraMvAra hamIrajInI salAhe AvatA jAma rAvaLe eka vAra pitAne tyAM nimaMtraNa ApI hamIrajInuM khUna karAvI nAkhyuM. hamIrajInA cAra putroe amadAvAda jaI sulatAnano Azraya lIdhe. kacchanI anukRti anusAra amadAvAdamAM thoDA samaya pachI eka vAra siMhane zikAra karatI vakhate sulatAna jokhamamAM AvI paDyo tyAre hamIrajInA bIjA kumAra kheMgArajIe eka jhaTake siMhane mArI sulatAnane bacAvI lIdhe, AthI prasanna thayelA sulatAne kheMgArajIne morabI paragaNuM ApyuM ane ene rAvane ilakAba paNa Apyo.9 morabImAM thANuM rAkhI karachamAM laDavuM dUra paDe tethI sAparanA-jADejAnI trIjI zAkhAnA dAdAjInA-vaMzanA jAma abaDAne tyAM thANuM rAkhyuM. ahIM A pahelAM viSTie AvelA aliyAjI(hamIrajInA moTA putra)nuM abaDAe vizvAsa ApI khUna kareluM, paNa samAdhAna thatAM kheMgArajIe enI mAphI ApI hatI. e pachI abaDAnI mAsInA dIkarA ne ghaNajIe pitAnA mitra aliyAjInA khUnanuM vera letAM abaDAne khatama karI nAkhe. tyAM rAjAnuM sthAna khAlI paDatAM kheMgArajIne pahelA "rAva" tarIke sAparamAM ja rAjyAbhiSeka karavAmAM Avyo ane "sApara badalI enuM nAma "rApara' rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. ahIM rahI dhIme dhIme jAma rAvaLanI jamIna kabaje karatAM karatAM kheMgArajI cheka bArA lagabhaga AvI pahoMcyo. moTA bhAganI jamIna kheMgArajIe dabAvI letAM jAma rAvaLa tyAMthI chaTakyo ane saurASTra-hAlAramAM AvI pahoMce; eNe sadAne mATe kacchane tyAga karyo. Ama kheMgArajInI I.sa. 1548 mAM samagra kaccha para ANa pravatI ne e kacchano prathama rAva banyA. eNe I.sa. 1585 sudhI rAjya karyuM. ' kheMgArajIe saM. 1602( I.sa. 1545)nA mAgasara vadi AThama ne ravivAre aMjAranuM toraNa baMdhAvyuM ane saM. 1605(I.sa. 1548)ne mAgasara sudi chaThane divase bhUjanagaranI sthApanA karI, jyAre thoDAM varSo pachI saM. 1636 (I.sa. 1580)nA mAgha vadi agiyArasane divase rAyaNapura (pachIthI mAMDavI baMdara) vasAvyuM. rAva kheMgAre siMdhanA hAkema gAjhIkhAnane karelI madadamAM rahIma kI bajArathI laI kacchanA raNanI uttara sarahada sudhIne pradeza prApta karyo hato.

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[155 7 muM] . samakAlIna rAjyo (2) abaDAsAne jADejA vaMza lAkhiyAra-viyarAne tyAga karI jAma veheNacha habAyamAM jaI rAjya karavA lAge tyAre jAma gajaNanA nAnA putra jehAne putra abaDe abaDAsA(tA. abaDAsA, ji. kaccha)mAM AvI zAsana karavA lAgyA hatA, jyAre jAma gajaNanA putra hAlAjIne putra rAyadhaNa bArA(tA. abaDAsA, pazcima kaccha)mAM sattA bhagavato hato. rAyadhaNu pachI anukrame kubera haradhoLa harapALa unnaDa tamAcI harabhama ane haraLa sattA upara AvelA. haradhoLanA avasAne enA cAra putramAMne ajera bhadresara (tA. muMdrA, kaccha), jagojI vitarI (ajJAta) ane haTTo haTaDI(harUDI, tA. bhUja, madhya ka7)mAM jaI rahelA, jyAre jAma lAkho bArAmAM sattA upara Avyo.10 lAkhAnA samakAlamAM jAma bhImajI habAyamAM rahI zAsana karato hato. lAkhe eka vakhata vAgaDamAM sAsare jaI pAcho pharato hato tyAre habAyanI AsapAsanA saMdhAroe ene vadha karyo11 eka bIjI ne dha evI maLe che ke amadAvAdanA sulatAne lAkhAne pAvAgaDha upara caDAI laI javA mokalele, jyAM ene vijaya maLatAM sulatAne saurASTramAMnAM gAMDaLa ane AmaraNanAM paragaNuM InAmamAM ApyAM; saurASTranA jamInadArethI A sahana na thatAM emaNe lAkhAne mArI nAkhe. 12 A pUrve yathAsthAna nirdeza thayo che te pramANe jAma rAvaLe jAma lAkhAnA khUna mATe zaMkA AvavAthI hamIrane eka prasaMge mahemAnagIrI ApavA belAvI enuM khUna karAvyuM. e pachI kumAra kheMgArajIe gujarAtanA sulatAnanI kRpAthI rAparamAM AvI pahelA "rAva" tarIke rAjyAbhiSeka pAmI, jAma rAvaLanI sattAmAMthI ghaNIbadhI jamIna hastagata karI bArAmAMthI sadAne mATe jAma rAvaLane kaccha choDAvyuM. kacchamAM gajaNanA vaMzajo potapotAnAM sthAnamAM vikasyA hatA, te abaDAne bhAI moDa moDAsA (ajJAta) AbAda karI tyAM rahyo hato, abaDA abaDAne vikasAvI zake. enA pachI enA putra jehone putra hamIrajI okhAmaMDaLamAM cAlyo gayo hato, tyAM jaI ene putra mANeka, pachInA vAgheronA eka kuLane mULa puruSa, paNa tyAM ja sthira thayo hato. (3) navAnagaranA jADejA jAma A vakhate mughala bAdazAha humAyUnA gujarAta paranA AkramaNa sAme gujarAtane sulatAna bahAdurazAha vyasta hovAthI eno prabhAva saurASTra jevA

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satanata kAla gi. dUranA vistAre parathI ghaTI gayo hato. AvI parIsthitimAM, upara yathAsthAne kahevAyuM che te pramANe, kacchamAMthI nasIba ajamAvavA I.sa. 1535 mAM jAma rAvaLa saurASTramAM dAkhala thayo. e kacchanA akhAtanA dakSiNa kaThe AvelA navalakhI baMdara (ma. mALiyA miyANA, ji. rAjakoTa) pAsenA merANA(ajJAta)ne kabajo meLavI tyAM thANuM jamAvIne beTho. eNe potAnA pitAnA ghAtaka ane e pradezanA zAsaka devA tamAcI pAse lazkarane mATe anAja mAgyuM tenA badalAmAM tamAcIe dhULa mokalI. Ane zukana gaNI eNe devA tamAcI upara caDAI karI ene yuddhamAM haNI nAkhyo ane najIkanA AmaraNa (tA. joDiyA, ji. jAmanagara) gAmane kabaje laI pAsenA dahIMsarA(ajJAta)mAM thANuM nAkhyuM. ahIMthI eNe dhIme dhIme AmaraNa ane jeDiyA(tA. joDiyA. ji. jAmanagara)nI janAne dabAvavAno prayatna zarU karyo ane enA nAnA bhAI haraLae dhAmAM cAvaDAne mArI dhoLa(tA. dhoLa, ji. jAmanagara)ne kabaje laI tyAM eka prabaLa thANuM sthApyuM. tyAMthI AgaLa vadhI jAma rAvaLanI senAe khilesa (tA. ane ji. jAmanagara)ne kabaje lIdhe 13 ane I.sa. 1540 mAM beDa (tA. ane ji. jAmanagara) gAmamAM rItasaranI gAdI sthApI. pAchaLathI (jAma) khaMbhALiyA(tA. jAma khaMbhALiyA, ji. jAmanagara)nA vADhela zAsaka pAsethI khaMbhALiyA paNa kabaje karI tyAM AzApurI mAtAnI sthApane karI. thoDA ja samayamAM jAma rAvaLanI sattA nIce pazcima saurASTrane ThIka ThIka bhAga AvI paDatAM madhyastha sthAnanI jarUra UbhI thaI ane jeThavAonI sattA nIcenA nAganesa baMdaranI jamIna upara eNe "navAnagaranuM khAtamuhUrta karyuM ane Ama saM. 1599 (I.sa. 1543)mAM ene pite sthApelI jAmanI sattAnuM pATanagara banAvyuM. 14 potAnA zAsana daramyAna jAma rAvaLe miThoI gAma(tA. lAlapura, ji.jAmanagara) pAse ekaThA thaI AvelA kAThIo ane vAlone parAsta karyA hatA ane jeThavAonI sattAne pazcimottara saurASTra pUratI nAmazeSa karI hatI, to kAThIone to bhAdaranI cheka dakSiNe hAMkI kADhyA hatA, jyAM ja eo pachaLathI nAnI nAnI jAgIra jamAvI sthira thayA. DeDAone macchu nadInI pUrva dizA tarapha vADhelenA AkhA maMDaLanI raNapradeza tarapha hAMkI kADhyA hatA. eNe nAnA bhAI moDajIne kha DherAnuM paragaNuM ApyuM ane haradhoLajIe te, upara sUyavyA pramANe, dhroLa meLavyuM hatuM te jAma rAvaLe haradhoLajIne saMpyuM, jyAMthI dhoLo phoTo astitvamAM AvyuM. jAma rAvaLane chocha vibhojI ane bhArojI ema traNa putro hatA teomAne che eka yuddhamAM maraNa pAmyo hato. ene putra lAkho bALaka hato .: 14

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7 muM] samakAlIna rAjya [1pa0 ane pitAne ApavAmAM AvelA khilesa (tA. ji. jAmanagara) mAM hato, eTale jAma rAvaLanA avasAna pachI vibhAjane navA vaMzane sthira karavAnI javAbadArI uThAvI levAnuM thayuM. bhAjIne jAMbuDA gAma (tA.-ji.jAmanagara) ApavAmAM AvyuM. Ama I.sa. 1563 mAM pitAnA avasAne vibhAjIe sattAsUtra dhAraNa karyo ane I.sa. 1569 sudhI e jIvyo tyAM sudhImAM pitAe meLavela pradezane sthiratA ApavAnAM kAmamAM e lAgI rahyo. ene satrasAla bhANajI raNamalajI ane verojI ema cAra putro hatA. pitAnuM avasAna thatAM satrasAle I.sa. 1569 mAM sattAsUtra dhAraNa karyo. bhANajIne kAlAvaDa (tA. kAlAvADa, ji. jAmanagara) ApavAmAM AvyuM. raNamalajIne sisaMga (tA. kAlAvaDa, ji. jAmanagara) ane verAjIne haDiyANuM (tA. joDiyA, ji. jAmanagara). A vakhate gujarAtamAM avyavasthA zarU thaI cUkI hatI. satrasAla urphe sattAjIne sulatAna mujhaphaphara 2 jA sAthe sAro saMbaMdha hatuM ane tethI sulatAne sattAjIne jAmazAhI kerI pADavAnI sattA ApI. navuM sthapAyeluM A rAjya A trIjA jAmanA samayamAM AgaLa vadhatuM jatuM hatuM. enA rAjyakAlamAM ene hAthe anarthakAraka prasaMga banyo te enA bhANeja ane baraDA pradezanA rANapuranA rANA rAmadevajIne eka lagnaprasaMganA nimitto nimaMtraNa ApIne rAjamahelamAM upara AvatAM ene ghAta karAvyo e. e kArya siddha karI, rAmadevane putra khImajI bALaka hAI porabaMdaranI khADIne uttara kAMThe AvelA bokhIrA gAma sudhInA baraDAnA samagra pradezane hastagata karI tyAM dariyAI jakAta thANuM sthApyuM. 15 2. cUDAsamA vaMza I.sa. 1260 mAM rA'kheMgAra 3 jAne putra rA'mAMDalika 1 le sattA upara Avele teNe 46 varSa jeTaluM lAMbo samaya rAjya bhagavyuM ane I.sa. 1306mAM maraNa pAme. rA'noMghaNa 4 the pitAnA mRtyue rA'ne ghaNuM 4the sattA upara Avyo ne eNe paheluM kArya, ulughakhAnane hAthe somanAtha-bhaMga thayo hato eTale, maMdiramAM tatkAla navA liMganI pratiSThAnuM karyuM. e muslimo sAthenA koI sthAnika mukAbalAmAM I.sa. 1308 mAM mAryA gayA hovAnuM jaNAya che. je

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158) satanana kAla rAmahIpAla che pitAnuM acAnaka mRtyu thatAM enA putra rAmahIpAla 4thA tarIke sattAsUtra dhAraNa karyA. pitAe somanAtha maMdiramAM liMgapratiSThA karAvI hatI, paNa jIrNoddhAra thaI zakyo nahoto, e kArya rAmahIpAla 4thAe siddha karyuM ane samArohapUrvaka somanAthanA liMganI puna:pratiSThA karI. A samaye prabhAsamAM sthAnika zAsaka vAjA vaMzano vayajaladeva hevAnI zakyatA che. I.sa. 1301 sudhI te enuM astitva siddha ja che. 17 pachI paNa e cAlu hovAnI zakyatA che. A pUrve (graMtha 4: pR. 148-51) batAvyuM ja che ke vAjAo prabhAsapATaNamAM sthAnika vahIvaTadAranI koTinA zAsaka hatA. zaMbhuprasAda dezAI jaNAve che te pramANe vayajaladevanA sahakArathI ja rA'mahIpAla 4 thAe musilama thANadArane vinAza karI thANuM uThADI mUkayuM hatuM ane maMdira samAvI lIdhuM hatuM. 18 A samaya I.sa. 1308 thI I.sa. 1325 vacceno hato. A samaye mAMgaroLamAM paNa rAmahIpAla 4thAnuM Adhipatya hatuM, kemake enA rAjyakAla daramyAna saM. 1375 (I.sa. 1319) mAM balI sele AjanA saiyadavADAnA naiRtya taraphanA nAke saDhaLI vAva baMdhAvI hatI ke jemAM pAchaLathI kumArapAlanA samayane saM. 1202 (I.sa. 1146)no mUluka gahilane zilAlekha lAvIne coDI devAmAM Avela. saM. 1371 (I.sa. 1319)mAM rANaka zrImahIpAladevanI mUrti saMdhapati desale karAvyAnuM jaNAvAmAM AvyuM che te mahIpAla A hoya ema lAge che. rAmahIpAla 4 thI I.sa. 1325 mAM mRtyu pAmyo hovAnuM jaNAya che. rA'kheMgAra 4 | rA'mahIpAla 4thA pachI ene pratApI putra rA'kheMgAra 4 thA tarIke sattAdhArI bane. enA lagabhaga 27 varSanA rAjakArobAramAM eNe saurASTramAMnA anya rAjavaMza jhAlA gohila vagerenI sAthe sAro meLa sAdhI rAjapUta-sattA majabUta banAvI lIdhI ane musilama sUbA sAme prabaLa upadrava karI ene soraThamAMthI hAMkI kADhavo. eNe somanAthanI pUrvavata jAhojalAlI sthApI.* mavsIrvamAga mAM jaNAvyA pramANe te saurASTranA sAmaMto rAkheMgArane adhIna hatA.31 saM. 1302(I.sa. 1346) nA mAMgaroLanA derAsaranI eka evIzInA zilAlekha parathI spaSTa che ke mAMgaroLa para A samaye sattA rA'kheMgAranI hatI.22 pAchalA eka lekhamAM eNe aDhAra beTa jItyA hovAnuM paNa kahyuM che. 23

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7 muM] samakAlIna rAje [159 rA'kheMgAre somanAthamAMnA muslima hAkemane bhagADI mUkyo hato ne satata sAme baMDa pokAranAra baLavAkhora tagIne Azraya Apyo hateAthI nArAja thayelA dilhInA sulatAna muhammada tugalake gujarAtane baLavo samAvatI vakhate chevaTamAM giranAra para AkramaNa karI rA'kheMgArane namAvyo ne ene khaMDaNI bharavAnI pharaja pADI.24 (I.sa. 1350), rA'kheMgAra 4the e pachI bIje varase avasAna pAmyo. rAjayasiMha 2 je rA'kheMgAra 4 yA pachI ene parAkramI putra rAjayasiMha 2 jo sattA upara AvyA. muhammada tugalaka I.sa. 1351 mAM maraNa pAmatAM phIrojha tugalaka sattA upara Avyo. enA samayamAM gujarAta-saurASTra uparanI enI pakaDa DhIlI paDI gaI hatI. rAjayasiMhe ene pUro lAbha lIdho. eNe sulatAnanAM jyAM jyAM thANa hatAM te badhAM uThADI mUkyAM. A samAcAra pATaNa (u. gujarAta) pahoMcatAM sulatAna phirojhazAhanA gujarAtane nAjhima jhapharakhAna phArasIe jUnAgaDha upara pheja mokalI (I.sa. 1368). rA' jayasiMhe prabaLa sAmano karyo, paraMtu e hAryo. murilama phojanA eka senApati zarUkhAne jUnAgaDha sara karyuM ne tyAM potAne thANadAra besADyo. tyAra pachI rA' jayasiMha cheka I.sa. 1377 sudhI jUnAgaDhamAM rAjya karato rahyo hovAnuM nagIcANanA vi. saM. 1434(I.sa. 137)nA zilAlekha parathI jaNAya che. 25 osA gAmanA vi. saM. 1435(I.sa. 1378)nA zilAlekhamAM jUnAgaDhanA thANadAra tarIke mahAmalika muhammada sAdika ane rAja tarIke "rAvala mahIpAladevane ullekha che, eTale vaccenA samayamAM jayasiMha mRtyu pAmatAM mahIpAla jUnAgaDhane zAsaka banyo samajAya che (I.sa. 1378). jhapharakhAna phArasIe mokalelI senAnA bIjA senApati maleka IjhadIne yahyAe mAMgaroLanA kumArapAlara7 nAmanA ThAkora para AkramaNa karyuM. A kumArapAle ugra sAmane karyo ane eNe Abhaga Aye. tyArathI mAMgaroLamAM muslima hakUmata sthapAI (I.sa. 1368).18 rAmahIpAla pAme | rA' mahIpAladeva dilhInI salatanatanuM sArvabhaumatva svIkArIne potAnA pradeza para sattA bhogavato hato.29 gohilavADanA mahuvA(tA. mahuvA, ji. bhAvanagara) nI sudhA vAvanA vi. saM. 1437( I.sa. 1381nA zilAlekhamAM mahIpAladevane ulekha che, e parathI enA prabhAva-kSetrane vistAra thayo hovAnuM

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160] satanata kAle jhi. jaNAya che. rA' mahIpAla 5 mAnA samayamAM vaMthaLa (tA. vaMthaLI, ji. jUnAgaDha) tyAMnA amarasiMha ane jetasiMhe bathAvI pADeluM te emanI pAsethI jhuMTavI levAmAM AvyuM, paNa e prayAsamAM ke e pachI, I.sa. 1384 mAM, mahIpAladeva gujarI gayA hovAnuM jaNAya che.? ekalasiMha moTA bhAInA mRtyue rAmakalasiMhe jUnAgaDhanAM sattAsUtra hAthamAM lIdhAM. enA samayamAM dilhInA pratinidhiomAM zaithilya AveluM tethI pitAnI sattA soraTha vibhAgamAM prabaLa karI levAnI ene taka maLI gaI, paraMtu e mAMgaroLane muslima pakaDamAMthI cheDAvI zakyo nahoto. prabhAsamAM vAjAo pAse sthAnika sattA hatI, chatAM soraThane moTo bhAga malasiMhanI sattA nIce hato. rA' mekalasiMhanA rAjyakAlanA uttara bhAgamAM gujarAtane sUbe jhapharakhAnamujhaphapharakhAna I.sa. 1395 mAM soraTha upara caDI Avyo ane mokalasiMhane tAbe karyo. e ja sAlamAM eNe somanAthanA maMdirane vaMsa karyo. eNe rAmokalasiMhanI madadathI dhUmalI(tA. bhANavaDa, hAla ji. jAmanagara)ne murilama sattA nIce ApyuM. jeThavA rANAoe muslimonuM Adhipatya svIkArI lIdhuM. rAmakalasiMhe ghUmalI jItI lIdhAno nirdeza dhaMdhusara(tA. vaMthaLI, ji.jUnAgaDha)nA saM. 1445(I.sa. 1389)nA zilAlekhamAM thayelo che, 33 jyAM "pAtasAhiprabhunuM Adhipatya paNa sUcita thayeluM che. rAmokalasiMhe jUnAgaDha muslima sattAne soMpI vaMthaLImAM rAjadhAnI karI lIdhI hatI e paNa tyAM nedhAyeluM che. jUnAgaDhanA pradeza upara Adhipatya dilhI-saltanatanuM hatuM, e avANiyA(tA. mALiyA-hATInA, ji. jUnAgaDha)nA saM. 1447(I.sa. 1391)nA pALiyAmAM seMdhAyuM che, chatAM rA' melasiMhanI sattA paNa hatI e bagasarA -gheDanA saM. 1448 (I.sa. 1392)nA pALiyAmAM sUcavAyuM che.35 ceravADanA nAganAtha maMdiranA saM. 1450(I.sa. 1393)nA pALiyAmAM prabhAsapATaNanA zivarAja (zivagaNa)nI sattA kahI che, to e ja varSanA goreja (tA. mAMgaroLa, ji. jUnAgaDha) nA pALiyAmAM mokalasiMhanI sattA kahI che.37 rAmakalasiMha I. sa. 1394mAM gujarI gayA jaNAya che. ra' mAMDalika 2 je rAmAMDalika pitA pAchaLa vaMthaLImAM sattA upara Avyo tyAre pIDha uMmare jaI paheo hatA.38 e I.sa. 1400 sudhI sattA para rahyo hovAnuM jaNAya che.

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samakAlIna rAje rA' meliga I.sa. 1400 nA arasAmAM rA'mAMDalika 2 jAnuM avasAna thatAM ene nAno bhAI meliga vaMthaLImAM sattA upara Avyo. enI rAjadhAnI vaMthaLImAM hatI evuM vaMthaLInA saM. 1469(I.sa. 1413)nA pAMca pALiyAothI samajAya che, jemAM ene pAdazAhanAM sainyA-tuka yavane (arthAta I.sa. 1413 mAM seminAtha upara caDI AvelA ahamadazAhanA sainya) sAthe yuddha thayAM temAM enA bharAyelA sainikone vize beMdhAyuM che. A pALiyAomAM temaja vAghelANuM(DisakaLa kare kutiyANA tAlukAmAM lIMbuDA' kahyuM che te have mANAvadara tAlukAmAM che)nA saM. 1471(I.sa.1415)nA be pALiyAomAM ene anukrame "rANa ane mahArANa" kahevAmAM Avyo che, je zabdo musilama sattAnuM khaMDiyApaNuM sUcavatA lAge che, jyAre saM. 1470 (I.sa. 1414)nA mesavANa(tA. kezoda, ji. jUnAgaDha)nA pALiyAmAM "mahArAja" vaMcAya che.41 rAmeliga sAhasika hato. pitAnA amAtya hIrAsiMhanI sahAyathI eNe nAnA garAsadArane vazamAM laIne sAruM evuM sainya jamAvI dIdhuM ane eNe taratamAM ja muslima sUbA upara caDAI karI, hAMkI kADhI, jUnAgaDha hastagata karI tyAM rAjadhAnI pheravI lIdhI hatI.43 nAjhima jhapharakhAna I.sa. 1402 mAM, hiMduo seminAthanA punaruddhAranI mathAmaNamAM paDayA hatA tyAre, somanAtha upara caDI Avyo hato. AmAM rAmelige bhAga bhajavyo jaNAto nathI. jhapharakhAna(mujhaphapharazAha)nA avasAna pachI enA pautra ahamadazAhe gujarAtamAM sattAsUtra dhAraNa karyA hatAM. eNe I.sa. 1413 mAM saurASTra para AkramaNa mATe sainya mekavyuM, kemake saurASTranA koI paNa rAjavIe hajI gujarAtanI A navI sthapAyelI salatanatanI sattA ravIkArI nahotI. vaLI enA virodhI zAha malikane soraThanA rAe Azraya Apyo hato tema jhapharakhAne sthApelAM thANuM rA'e uThADI mUkyAM hatAM. ahamadazAhe jhAlAvADane dabAvavA vega sAthe tyAre sAmane karavAnI zakti na jaNAtAM jhAle rAjavIja rAmeligane Azare junAgaDha jaI rahyo hate. uparyukta vaMthaLInA pAMca pALiyAo uparathI muslimo sAthenA jagane khyAla Ave che. ahamadazAhe eka majabUta sainya mokalyuM hatuM tenI sAthenAM jUnAgaDha-vaMthaLI vagere sthAnamAM thayelAM yuddhomAM rAjapUta senAe prabaLa sAmano ApI muslima senAnA hAlahavAla karyo ane saraMjAma lUMTI lIdho.45 e sAMbhaLI ahamadazAha jAte I.sa. 1414mAM soraTha upara caDI AvyA. rAjapUtoe daravAjA khullA karI, bahAra AvI bhAre I-pa-11

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162] saltanata kAla [tra. prabaLa sAmane karyo, paNa teo phrAvyA nahi eTale rA' melige jUnAgaDhanA uparakoTamAM Azraya lIdhe, AthI ahamadazAha jUnAgaDha upara dhasI gayA ane uparakeTanA killAne prabaLa prere| brAhyA, jene pariNAme rA'ne ahamadazAhanuM prabhutva svIkAravAnI kja paDI.46 ahamadazAha bhAre kha`DaNI laI, rA' upara aMkuza rAkhavA jUnAgaDhamAM eka majabUta sainya mUkI prabhAsapATaNa taraph kUca karI gayA cha tethI rAjadhAnI vaMthaLImAM pAchI AvI gaI. cAraNAnA kathAnaka pramANe rA' meliga A vigrahamAM maraNu-zaraNu thayeA hatA ane ahamadazAhanuM prabhutva enA putra jayasiMha 3 jAe svIkAyu hatuM,48 paraMtu e barAbara nathI lAgatuM, kAraNa ke vaMthaLInA sa. 1472(I.sa. 1416)nA pALiyAmAM hajI meliga sattA upara hAvAnuM maLI Ave che.49 meliganuM avasAna A varSomAM thayuM lAge che. rA' jayasiMha 3 jo sa'. 1473 (I.sa. 1417)nA jUnAgaDhathI pUrvamAM giranAranI sAMkaDI dhATImAM AvelA dAme|daraku'Da uparanI zrIvallabhAcArya mahAprabhujInI beThakanI dIvAle revatIkuMDa uparanA zilAlekhamAM seAranI sattA upara jayasiMha jovA maLe che, jemAM jhijhara kATamAMpa0 muslima sainyane parAbhava ApyAnuM tAMdhAyuM che.51 AnA uparathI rA' jayasiMha 3 jAe vaMthaLIthI rAjadhAnI jUnAgaDhamAM badalI samajAya che. rA' jayasiMhanA samayamAM sAraTha upara kAI AkramaNa thayeluM jANavAmAM Avyu nathI. vi.sa.1485( I.sa. 1429)nA eka pALiyA ceAravADanA nAganAtha maMdira pAsenA jANavAmAM AvyA chepara temAM e va mAM rA' jayasi'huM e pradeza para paNa sattA dharAvatA samajAya che. ene rAjyakAla zAMtimAM pasAra thayA ane e I.sa. 1430 nA arasAmAM avasAna pAmyA. enA pachI enA bhAI mahIpAla sattA upara AvyuM. rA'mahIpAladeva kaho sa. 1488(I.sa. 1432 )nA kazAda pAse AvelA mesavANa gAmanA pALiyAmAM mahIpAladevane 'mahArAja' kahyo chepa3 eTale samajAya ke e muslimethI theADA samaya mATe svataMtra thaI gayA haze. bezaka, eja gAmanA sa. 1495(I.sa. 1479)nA pALiyAmAM ene rANuzrI' kahevAmAM Avyo che.54 kAI nAnI laDAI gAyAne nimitte thayAnuM e pALiyA kahe che. enA 20 varSonA rAjyakAlamAM noMdhapAtra banAva banyA jANavAmAM AvyA nathI. I.sa. 1442mAM ahamadazAhe gujarI gayA pachI gujarAtI saltanatamAM keMdramAM thekaDI avyavasthA hatI

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muM]. samakAlIna rAje [13 tethI seraTha pramANamAM nirbhaya banyuM hatuM. A mahIpAle prabhAsathI dvArakA jatAM yAtrALuone mATe aneka ThekANe satrAgAra karAvyAM hatAM ane devamaMdiranA nibhAvI mATe paNa yogya prabaMdha karyA hatA. maveIva-madAvAgye parathI jANavA maLe che ke mahIpAle pazcimanA (beTa zraddhAranA) rAjavI sAMgaNane harAvyo hato. 15 vRddhAvasthAmAM ene eka putra thayo, jenuM nAma mAMDalika' pADavAmAM AvyuM. uMmare AvatAM mAMDalikane yauvarAjyAbhiSeka thayo. saM. 157(I.sa. 1451mAM putrane mAMDalika 3 jA' tarIke rAjyAbhiSeka karI rA' mahIpAle pote vAnaprastha grahaNa karyuM hatuM. rA' mAMDalika 3 je pitAe karelA rAjyAbhiSeka samaye mAMDalike khaMbhAtanA devA-suta zAha hAMsa vagerenI vinaMtIthI "amAri ghoSaNa" jAhera karI pratyeka mAsanI pAMcama AThama agiyArasa caudasa tathA amAsane divase pitAnA rAjyamAM pazuhiMsA na karavAnI AjJA karI.57 uparakoTamAM dakSiNa kAThAnI aMdaranI dIvAlamanA saM. 1507( I.sa. 1451)ne saMskRta ane tatkAlIna gujarAtI bhASAmAM ! lakhAyelA lekhamAM uparanI amAriSaNA uparAMta enI bIjI paNa prazarita ApavAmAM AvI che. gujarAta-saurASTra-kacchanA rAjavIomAM A eka evo rAjavI che ke jene nAyaka tarIke nirU pIne "mahAkAvya" racavAmAM AvyuM che. e "marI-' tarIke prakhyAta che ne eno racanAra e ja gaMgAdhara kavi lAge che ke jeNe cAMpAneranA rAjavI gaMgadAsa cauhANane nAyaka tarIke nirUpI vAtAvAra nAmanuM nATaka racyuM che. A kAvya dvArA jANavA maLe che ke rA' mAMDalika 3 jAe kuMtA, umA, sikkA mANikyadevI ane yamunA nAmanI cAra kuMvarIo sAthe lagna karyA hatAM, jemAMthI kikkAthI ene meliga nAmane kumAra thayo hate. e mahAkAvya anusAra beTa zaMkhoddhAranA rAjavI sAMgaNanI upara dariyAI savArI karI, ene parAjaya karI, vijaya pAmI mAMDalike beTanA zrIzaMkhanArAyaNa devanuM pUjana karyuM. tyAMthI pAchA vaLatAM pharI sAMgaNa pArasIkA(saMbhavata: siMdhanA muslima zAsaka)nI madada laI ADe paDyo tyAM seMdhava sAthe yuddha yuM, jemAM mAMDalikane saMpUrNa vijaya thayo.58 mAMDalika sattA upara AvyA pachI pAMcamA varSe (16-11-1455nA roja) jUnAgaDhanA bhaktakavi nAgara narasiMha mahetA nI kasoTIne prasaMga banyA hatA.59

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14). salatanata kAla gi. mAMDalikanA darabAramAM vidvAnone tema vighAne mATe mAna hovAnuM jaNAya che. bahArathI Avela kavi gaMgAdhara enI yuvAvasthAnAM caritone mahAkAvyanA rUpamAM nirUpe che, to A kAvyanI racanA pachI saMbhavataH janmelI vInavAyI nAmanI mAMDalikanI rAjakumArI dvArA-varasa nAmanuM nAnuM sumadhura kAvya race che. * A rAjakumArI jhAlA vaMzanA vIrasi hanA pautra rAjA harasiMhadevanI rANI hatI. dvAra-pattanI racanA karI tyAre e vidhavA hatI. A kAvyamAM seMdhapAtra e che ke e potAnA pitA mAMDalika vize lakhatAM gauravapUrNa rIte jaNAve che ke "yAdava vaMzamAM vikaselI kIrtivALo, potAnA pratApathI mahattva pAmele, saddharma ane vidyAne jeNe Azraya Ape hato te, jeNe bhinna bhinna dizAomAM bahAdura zatruo upara vijaya meLavyo hato, dayA dAna mATe ja jeNe saMpatti ekatrita karI hatI, vAcakone je joIe te AvanAro hato, te rAjavI mAMDalika mAnI hato, arthAta pitAnuM gaurava jALavI rAkhanAro hato.' mArI-mAdhya I.sa. 1460 nA arasAmAM lakhAyuM hovAthI gujarAtanA sulatAna ke enAM sainyo sAthenA vigrahanI koI khAsa vigata emAM maLatI nathI; mAtra eka AchuM sUcana maLe che ke mAMDalika jyAre ghoDesavAra thaI talavAra ghumAvato leonI sAme dhasI jato hato tyAre loko bolI UThatA ke zuM bhagavAna kahika plecchone vinAza karavA ghUmI rahyA che, vagere. A bAbata ema sUcave che ke mAMDalike soraThamAMnAM musilama thANuM uThADI mUkyAM heya. mAMgaroLamAMnuM muslima thANuM dUra karavAno prayatna thayo hato e vize mAhitI maLe ja che. mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM saiyada sikaMdaranA vaMzaja saiyada rAjunA hAthamAM mAMgaroLanI sattA hatI. enA amadAvAdamAM rahetA hajarata zAhaAlamane uddezI lakhelA patramAM rapaSTa lakhyuM che ke "khAsa karIne gaDha giranArano rAjA ane vartamAna hAkemo eTalA pramANamAM musalamAno nI viruddha che ke have A sthaLe vasavuM muzkela thaI paDayuM che, jenA javAbamAM paNa zAhaAlama sAhebanA zabda spaSTa che ke "majhanUra hAkema TUMkA samayamAM yogya zikSAne prApta thaze." I.sa. 1457mAM begaDe 14 varSanI vaye sattA upara Avyo tyAre hajI enI UgatI uMmara hatI. e pachI sArI evI taiyArI karI lIdhI tyAre eNe mAMDalikane muslima dharma aMgIkAra karI tAbedArI svIkAravAnuM kaheNa mokalyuM. AnA asvIkAranuM bahAnuM maLatAM eNe I.sa. 1467 mAM potAnI 24 varSanI bharajuvAnIma janAgaDha upara caDAI karI. begaDo caDI Ave che e jANavAmAM AvatAM tyAMnA hiMduo potAnAM mAlamilakata ane kuTuMbIjanone "mahAbalA nAmanI

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mu] samakAlIna rAjya [15 pahADI kheAmAM salAmata jagyAe laI gayA. sulatAne e sthaLe paNa pahoMcI jaI hiMduonI mAlamilakatanI bhAre lUMTa calAvI. rakSakoe Takkara ApI, paNa tee bhAre khuvArI vaheArI kSINa thaI gayA. rAjA mAMDalika ane enA sainikoe uparakoTanA killAemAM bahAra AvI muslima senAnA sAmanA karyo, paraMtu teme TakI zakayA nahi. rA' mAMDalika dhavAyo. e killAmAM bharAI gayA. muslima senAe jUnagaDha pradezamAM lUTArTa karIne pradezane sApha karI nAkhyA. AvI sthiti thatA mAMDalike saMdhi karI, tAbedArI svIkArI ane khaMDaNI ApI, eTale tatkala pUratA mamUda amadAvAda tarapha cAhyA gayA.64 bIje varSe (I.sa. 1468 mAM) mahamUdane samAyAra maLyA ke rA' mAMDalika se|nerI chatra dhAraNa karI taLeTI sudhI bhabhakAthI de pUjA karavA jAya che. pa juvAna sulatAnane A karelI saMdhinI viruddha lAge e svAbhAvika che, tethI mAMDalikane e ga utArA eNe 40 hajAranuM majabUta sainya jUnAgaDha upara caDI javA ravAnA karyu. mAMDalikra chatra na Ape teA dezane lUTI vezana karavAne paNa hukama ApyA hatA. paristhiti samajI laIne mAMDalike tra ane bIjI kiMmatI bheTa mAkalI ApI dezane khAnAkharAbImAMthI ugArI lIdhA. 6 prabhAsapATaNa ane mAMgareALamAM muslima thANAM jAmI gayelAM hatAM tene mAMDalikane bhaya hamezAM rahyA karatA, tethI seAraTha pradezane pUrNa rIte muslima zAsana nIce mUkavAnA prabaLa maneAbhAvathI I.sa. 1469 mAM mahamUda prabaLa senA sAthe jUnAgaDha upara dhasI AvyA ane eNe mAMDalikane 'kAM aa islAma dhama`te ravIkAra kara yA phanA thaI jA' ema kaheNu mekalAvyuM. mAMDalike yuddhanA svIkAra karI lIdhA. sthAnika hiMdu anuzruti mujaba, mAMDalike uparakoTanA killAmAM sapUrNa taiyArI karI darAja eka TukaDIne killAmAMthI bahAra laDavA meAkalavAnA AraMbha karyAM. daramyAna rA'nA maMtrI vizaLa phUTI gayA ne eNe kAThArane jhaDapathI vyaya karI nAkhyA ane agAuthI karelA samRta pramANe killAnA daravAjA kheAlI nakhAvyA, pariNAme mahamUda potAnA sainiko sAthe killAmAM ghUsI gaye|. rAjapUtA yuddhane mATe taiyAra ja hatA. e samayanA prabaLa jaMgamAM rAjapUtAe peAtAnuM bhAre khamIra batAvyuM ane muslima senAne bhAre vinAza karyAM. muslima senAne pIchehaTha karatI joi mahamUda peAtAnA cunaMdA sainiko sAthe mAMDalikanA sainiko upara dhasI gayeA. mAMDalika gherAI gayA ane prabaLa sAmaneA ApatAM pAchaLathI koI muslima sainike mArelA barachInA dhAthI dharAzAyI thayA. mahamUde ene muslima banAvavAnI pratijJA lIdhI hatI te sAcI TharAvavAne koI anya rAjapUta

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16] saltanata kAla /*. yAddAne 'garakSako laI gayA ane mahamUde pratijJAnuM pAlana karyuM, e ja mAMDalika che ema samajIne, paraMtu dhAyala thayelA mAMDalika jIvate| hatA te ene enA rasainikA surakSita sthaLe laI gayA hatA. kahevAya che ke pachI e kApaDI veze gumAvelu rAjya pAchuM meLavavA sADamAM be varSI karatA rahyo hatA.67 paraMtu muslima tavArIkhakArAe evu nathyu che ke chevaTe khArAkanI taMgIthI bhUta muzkelI UbhI thatAM rA' mAMDalike tAme thaIne sulatAna je kahe te pramANe karavAnu vacana ApI yA mATe vinaMtI karI. mahamUde rA'te musalamAna thavAnuM kahyuM ane eNe paNa chevaTe e kabula karyuM. ene 'khAnajAna'nA kAba ApavAmAM mAvyA, e mahamUda sAthe amadAvAda gayA, tyAM zAhaAlama sAhebanA vacanathI e musalamAna thayo, te zeSa jIvana amadAvAdamAM gALI tyAM mRtyu pAmyuM. tyAMnA mANekacekamAM A khAnajahAnanI kabara batAvavAmAM Ave che.68 agAu jaNAvyA mujaba dvArA-vattanA leAka 2 mAM mAMDalika mAnI hatA evu kahevAmAM AvyuM ha|I eNe islAma dharmI svIkAryAM hoya evuM lAgatuM nathI, islAma svIkAryo hAya tA ene sArahatuM. rAjaya mahamUde Apyu ja hota. e banyuM nathI, mahamUde te| seAnDa khAlasA karI, jUnAgaDhanuM nAma '.mustaphAbAda" ApI tyAM rahevAnu pasaMda karyuM te sikkA paNa paDAvyA. mahI--mahAvAkyamAM e rathaLe jaNAvyA pramANe mAMDalikane 'meliga' nAmane kumAra hatA,69 pAchaLathI teA 'bhUpata' nAmanA kumArane mahamUdanA hukamathI agatyano vahIvaTa ApavAmAM AvyA hatA, jene sulatAne gheDanA pradezamAMnI sIla-bagasarA cAvIsInI jAgIra ApI hatI, bIjA rAjapUtethI bhinna oLakhavA ene 'rAyajAdA'nA ilkAba paNa ApavAmAM AnyA hatA. e vaMzanA rAjapUte tyArathI 'rAyajAdA' kahevAtA thayA.7. A hakIkata paNa muslima vRttAMta ayathArtha hAvAnI zaMkAne samarthana Ape che saMbhava che ke meliga kizArAvasthAmAM maraNa pAmyA hAya ane vInavAyItI mArka maLyujhI--mahAAvyatI racanA pachI ja janmyA hoya. bhUpatasiMhane I.sa. 1469 pachI taratamAM ja sIla-bagasarA ceAvIsI maLI haze. tyAM e Isa. 1525 mAM avasAna pAmyA ane enI pachI teAMdhaNu (mRtyu I. sa. 1552) ane pachI tAMtraNanA putra zrIsiMha (mRtyu I.sa. 1586) anukrame e ceAvIsInA jAgIradAra banyA.71

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samakAlIna rAkhe [167 Ama jUnAgaDhanA cUDAsamA vaMzanuM prabhutva rA'mAMDalikanA parAjaya ane enA avasAna sAthe pUruM thayuM; soraTha para tyArathI muslima sattA cAlu thaI. 3. jeThavA vaMza I.sa. 1304 mAM pazcima saurASTramAM ghUmalI (tA. bhANavaDa, ji. jAmanagara) AsapAsanA vizALa pradeza upara jeThavA vaMzanA rANA bhANajI(I sa.1290thI)nI sattA hatI.72 ema kahevAmAM AvyuM che73 ke saM. 1369 (I.sa. 1713) AsapAsa siMdhamAMthI caDI AvelA jAma unnaDanA parAjaya pachI traNa varSe caDI AvelA enA putra bAmaNiyAjInA hAthe bhANa jeThavAne parAjaya thatAM ne ghUmalIne nAza thatAM bhANa baraDAnI pazcima taLeTImAM AvelA rANapura (tA. bhANavaDa, ji. jAmanagara) AvyuM ane tyAM rAjadhAnI karI rahyo. eNe saM. 14 (I.sa. 137) sudhI rAjya karyuM.74 muzkelI e naDe che ke e paMthakanI sImAe AvelA rAvala gAma (tA. kalyANapura, ji. jAmanagara)nA koTanI dIvAla uparanA lekha(saM. 1775- I.sa. 1318)mAM bhUtAMbilImAM maMDalakaraNe........ rANazrI jaitapAla bhUpAlanA rAjyamAM evo nirdeza thayela 75 eTale rAjadhAnI "bhUtAMbilI- bhUmalI-ghumalIthI khasI lAgatI nathI ane bhANuchanA rAjyakAlanA 23mA varSe Ama rANuM jaitapAlanI sattA jovA maLe che. evuM mAnavuM paDe ke jAma bAmaNiyAe harAvyA pachI bhANa ghUmalImAMthI khasI gayo hoya ane e gALAmAM kuTuMbane ja jaI tapAla ghumalImAM gAdInazIna thayuM hoya. e hakIkata paNa lakSyamAM rAkhavA jevI che ke A samaye na te siMdhamAM ke na to kacchamAM koI unnaDa ke ene dIkare bAmaNiyo hovAnuM jANavAmAM AvyuM che, vaLI rANapura te hajI vasyuM ja nahotuM ane ene to rANA rANojIe I.sa. 1396 (jhapharakhAnane hAthe thayelo parAbhava) pachI vasAvI rAjadhAnI banAvI hatI. hakIkate I.sa. 1313 thI 1360 sudhI zUnyAvakAza jaNAya che ane I.sa. 1360 mAM rANe jasadhavalajI sattA upara AvyA jANavAmAM Ave che, jenA pachI rANe rAjI 3 je I.sa. 139ra mAM sattA para Ave che. ahIM vaLI eka gUMca paDe cheH rANAvAva(ma. rANAvAva, ji. jUnAgaDha)mAMthI maLelA saM. 144 (I.sa.1384)nA pALiyAmAM (rANIzrI

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satanata kAla pri. saMghasuta rANazrI bhANa sUcita thayela che ke jene tu namAvI zakyA nahotA 77 prApya vaMzAvalI AvI che: 161 jasadhavalajI 1360 162 rANojI (3) 1392 163 saMdha (3) 1420 8 (3) 1420 164 bhANajI (5) 1461 paraMtu I.sa. 1784 mAM "bhANa" hayAta hoya to ene pitA "saMgha" enAthI paNa pahelAM hoya eTale A varSomAM 77 varSone taphAvata Ubho thAya che, eTale hakIkate nIce pramANe vaMzAvalI hovI joIe? 161 jasadhavalajI 1360 16ra saMghajI (3) 1360 163 bhANajI (5) 1784 mAM hayAta 164 rANojI (3) 1392 agAu joyuM tema jUnAgaDhanA rAmokalasiMha jhapharakhAnanA kaheNathI dhUmalI upara halo karyo hato ane bhANune parAbhava Apyo hato.78 dhUmalIne kharekharo vinAza to I.sa. 1396 AsapAsa gujarAtanA sUbA jhapharakhAne ghumalI para muslima sattA pravartAvI tyAre thayo. A rANA rANojI 3 jAnA samayamAM banyuM. A rANojI dhUmalImAMthI khasI gayo ane thoDA aMtara upara baraDAnI pazcima taLeTImAM AvelA sthAne barANapura vasAvI, tyAM rAjadhAnI karI rAjya karavA lAge. eNe kharekhara kayAM sudhI rAjya karyuM ane pachI enA taratanA anugAmI tarIke koNa AvyuM e vize no prakAza sAMpaDayo che. ghUmalInI baraDAI brAhmaNonI dharmazALAnA kUvAmAMthI eka zilAlekha saM. 146[1]nI mAgha vadi pAMcama ane zuka(tA. 1-1-144)ne maLI Avyo che temAM "rAnazrI rAmavijayarAje yuge " zabda maLI AvatA hAI Isa. 1404 mAM, atyAra sudhI na jANavAmAM Avela, rANe rAmadeva (hakIkata 2 )79 rANojI 3 jA pachI sattA upara Avyo kahI zakAya che. nIce spaSTa thaze tema enA pachI saMghajI (I.sa. 1429) ane pachI ene putra bhANa Ave che. I.sa. 1404nI pahelAM ke saMdhie AvelA rAmadeva 2 jA sAthe saMghajI ane bhANajI 6 ThThAne maLI rAjyakAla ochAmAM ochA 60 varSone kahI zakAya. mAMgaroLa-sIla pAsenA Ajaka(tA. mAMgaroLa, ji. jUnAgaDhanI sItAbhAInI jagyAnI dharmazALAnA pagathiyAmAM jaDelo saM. 1519(I.sa. 1463)ne eka pALiyo jovAmAM Avyo che, jemAM rANuM bhANe enA bAlaputra khImakaraNane tyAMnA bhagavAna nArAyaNane page lagADavAnuM lakhyuM che eTale 164 mA rANa rANojI 3 jA (I.sa. 1392) ane 165 mAM rANuM rANAjI 4 thA (I sa.

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7 muM] samakAlIna rAjya 169 1492) vacce 100 varSano moTo gALo khAlI paDe che. A gALAmAM bhANajI 6 ke, khImakaraNa 1le ane gasA(tA. porabaMdara, ji. jUnAgaDha)nA saM. 1536 (I.sa. 1480)nA "pAdazAha zrI mahamaMdanA rAjyamAM jeThavA zrI vikamAta'nA samayanA eka vAva karAvyAnA lekha pramANe rANo vikamAta8deg sattA upara AvyuM hoya to vaMzAvalI A rUpa dhAraNa kare : 164 a. rAmadeva (2) 1404 mAM hayAta 164 A. saMghajI 142 mAM hayAta 164 I. bhANaja81(6) 1463 mAM hayAta 164 I. khImakaraNa (1) 1863mAM hayAta 164 u. vikamAta (3) 1480 mAM hayAta ane enA pachI vaMzAvaLI pramANe 165 rANAjI (4) 1492 Ama maLelI vaMzAvalInA AMka 16rane ane sudhArelI vaMzAvalInA AMka 164ne rANajI 3 jo I.sa. 1392 mAM ane 165ne rANajI 4 I.sa. 149ramAM hetAM vacce pAMca rANA mukAtAM e 100 varSane gALo pUrI zakAya che. ahIM vacce eka vaMzAvalI pramANe "mehacha" jANavAmAM Avyo che, to e 165 a. mehacha8......... ahIM ene raNajI ane rANAzrI khImAjI vacce mUkyo che. A pachInI vaMcAvalI : 165 A. rAmajI ane 165 i. meha.......... 166 khImajI (2) 15ra 5 167 rAmadevajI (3) 1550 rANapuramAM rahI jyAre rANo rAmadevajI 3 je rAjya karI rahyo hato tyAre jAmanagaramAM rahI jAma satrasAla kiMvA satejI pitAnA rAjyanI sImA vadhAravAno prabaLa puruSArtha karI rahyo hato. eNe pitAnAM sagA bhANeja rANA rAmadevajInuM rAjya khUMcavI levAne prapaMca zarU karyo. eka vivAha prasaMge nimaMtraNa mekalI satAjIe rAmadevane teDAvI potAnA rAjyamahelamAM ja ghAta karA-3 ane rANano pradeza dabAvavAno AraMbha karyo. rAmadevanA putra bhANajI 7 mAe sattAsUtra dhAraNa karyo, paNa jAmano upadrava vadhI paDatAM rANapura choDI TIMbI (TIMbaDI, tA. bhANavaDa, ji. jAmanagara.) jaI, rAjakuTuMbanA rakSaNa mATe seDhANa (tA.

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170] saltanata kAlI [31. peArabaMdara, ji. jUnAgaDha) jaI rahyo.4 jAmanAM sainyeAme baraDAnI dhAre vadhatAM vadhatAM peramaMdaranI khADInA uttara kAMThe AvelA meAkhIrA (tA. peArabaMdara, ji. jUnAgaDha) gAma sudhI vadhI tyAM jakAtI thANuM sthApyuM. rANA bhANajIne A daramyAna tAva lAgu paDaDyo ne sattAnA cAra mahine ja maraNa pAmyA. Ama-- 168 bhAthujI (7) 1574 ane enA pachI......... 169 khImeAjI (3) 1574 khImeAjI sattA upara AvyA tenI sAme paNa jAmane upadrava prabaLa mAtrAmAM jArI rahyo. khImeAjI sagIrAvasthAmAM hAI vidhavA mAtA kalAMbAIe vAlI darajje sattA-sUtra hAtha dharyAM. A samaye pAradaranI pUrva dizAmAM khADInA kAMThe AvelA chAyA(tA. pArakhaMdara, ji. jUnAgaDha)mAM rAjadhAnI pheravI levAmAM AvI hatI.85 A samaye baraDAneA samagra pradeza jAmanI sattA nIce AvI cUkayo hatA. 4. dakSiNa saurASTranA vAvaza pUrve (graMtha 4, pu. 151mAM) sUcavAyu che te pramANe vAjA rAjavI rAjazrI chADAnA pautra vayajaladeva sa'. 1357 (I.sa. 1301) sudhI hayAta hatA. enA pachI eneA putra mUdharAja ( ke medharAja) sattAdhArI banne hAvAnuM jaNAya che. dhAmaLeja( tA. verAvaLa-pATaNu, ji. jUnAgaDha )nA saM. 1437(I.sa. 1380 )nA abhilekha 86 pramANe rAjA bhame peAtAnA bhAI 'medhanRpati'nI paraloka yAtrA saphaLa thavA mATe medhapura gAma dAna ApyAnuM maLe che; A pahelAMnA sa'. 1432 ( I.sa. 1376 ) nA prabhAsapATaNanA meTA daravAjAne lekha7 jANavA mAM AvyA che. temAM bhrama pramAsa pATaNane zAsaka hAvAnuM sUcita che. hakIkate, I.sa. 1369 mAM jhapharakhAne prabhAsapATaNa para caDI AvI seAmanAtha madirane bhraSTa karyuM tyAre tyAMnA jaMgamAM medharAja mAryo gayA haze.88 bhanA samayamAM koI upadrava thayA jANuvAmAM AvyA nathI. bhrama A pachI thADA ja samayamAM gujarI gayA jaNAya che, kAraNa ke UnA pAsenA phUlakA (tA. UnA, ji. jUnAgaDha) gAmamAMthI maLelA sa. 1443(I.sa. 1386)nA pALiyAnA lekhamAM rAjazrI zavagaNu(zivagaNu)nuM rAjya nirdezAyu che. bha ane zivagaNu vaccenA sa MbaMdha pakaDAtA nathI. zivagaNu zaktizALI rAjavI jaNAya che. enuM 'zivarAja' nAma paNa jANuvAmAM AvyuM che. I.sa. 1393 mAM zivarAje

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7 muM] samakAlIna rAje [171 coravADa (tA. mALiyA-hATInA, ji. jUnAgaDha) upara humalo karyo tyAre cUDAsamA vaMzanA guhileAmane pAtra pAthAka enI sAme laDatAM mAryo gayo hate. * | gujarAtanA sUbA jhapharakhAne AkramaNa Isa. 1396 mAM karyAnuM ane samanAthanA maMdiranA vidhvaMsa karI moTA molavIo ane kAyadAno amala karavA kAo nImyAnuM muslima itihAsakAro jaNAve che, Ama chatAM saM. 1457(Isa. 1401)nA sutrApADA (tA. pATaNa, ji. junAgaDha) najIkanA, bhUvATIMbI gAmanA zilAlekhamAM zivagaNanuM e paMthaka upara rAjya hovAnuM lakhyuM che, eTale uparano upadrava kSaNajIvA ja haze ane prabhAsapATaNanA paMthakamAM zivagaNa salAmatIpUrvaka rAjya karato rahyo haze. zivagaNanA ja sattAkAlamAM I.sa. 1402 mAM pharIthI jhapharakhAna somanAtha upara caDI Avela ane hiMduone dIva sudhI tageDI mUkyA evuM paNa noMdhAyeluM che (A pUrve pR. 44). e gayA pachI game te rIte karI zivagaNa vahIvaTa karato lAge che, athavA to eno putra brahmadAsa AvI gayo haze. A pachI saM. 1462(sa. 1406)mAM prabhAsapATaNanA zilAlekhamAM jaNAvyA mujaba zrI pattanamAM ziga(va)nAthanA putra brahmadAsanA vijayarAjayamAM hebatakhAna, malika sAla ane malika tere moTI senA sAthe zahera upara AkramaNa karyuM te vakhate brahmadAsanA pakSe laDatAM pharIda nAmane vora mAryo gayo, evo nirdeza thaye he I zivanAtha-zivagaNanA putra brahmadAsanI e samaye prabhAsapATaNanA pradeza para sattA hatI ane I.sa. 1481 thI 1406 vacce zivagaNanuM avasAna thatAM ene putra brahmadAsa sattAdhIza thaye haze. A pachI prabhAsapATaNanA vAjA rAjAo vize kazo ullekha maLato na heI, I.sa. 1414 mAM amadAvAdane sulatAna ahamadazAha 1 le janAgaDhanA rA' upara prabhutva jamAvI prabhAsa pATaNa upara dhasI gayo tyAre vAjAonI sattA nAbUda thaI cUkI hoya ane mAMgaroLanI jema muslima sattA nIce e mukAI gayuM hoya. pa. mAMgaroLamAM timijhI saiyado ane kAja zekho vAghelA karNadevanuM zAsana maMgaLa-soraTha(ji. jUnAgaDha) upara saM. 135(3) (I.sa. 1297)mAM hatuM.93 e pachI A pradeza para jUnAgaDha-vaMthaLInA cUDAsamAonI ANa nIce sthAnika zAsake rAjya karatA hovAnuM jaNAya che, paga ema nI vigata maLatI nathI. vacce vacce ahIM muslima thANuM paNa sthapAyAM hatAM.94

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172), sastanana kAla [ gujarAtanA sUbA tarIke phIjha tugalanA samayamAM jyAre jhapharakhAna phArasI hato tyAre Isa. 1768mAM zarUkhAna, ijha-uddIna ane hajharata makhaduma saiyada sikaMdaranI saradArI nIce saurASTranI dakSiNane pradeza kabaje levA dihIthI lazkara mokalavAmAM AveluM. e samaye koI kumArapAla maMgaroLamAM sattArathAne hato je yuddhamAM bharAtAM tema zarUkhAna paNa bharAI jatAM ijha-uda-dIne mAMgaroLano kabaje laI nAyaba senApati saiyada sikaMdarane mAMgaroLane vahIvaTa ane pite dilhI cAlyo gayA.5 tiramikI saiyadanI sattA Ama saiyada sikaMdarathI sthapAI, paraMtu eNe pazcima bAju doDheka mAIla upara navuM vasAveluM Adumapura svIkAryuM ane mAMgaroLa paragaNAne vahIvaTa pitAnA sasarA malika goharane soMpe ! A sattA mAMgaroLa khAte maryAdita hatI. prabaLatA te I.sa. 1395-96mAM jhapharakhAna dakSiNa saurASTra upara caDI Avyo ne sArvabhauma zAsana cUDAsamAo tema vAjAo ane jeThavAo upara sthApyuM tyAre ja thaI. hi. sa. 799 (I.sa. 1396) nA mAMgaroLanA eka saMskRta-phArasI dvibhASI zilAlekhamAM, phirojha tugaluka pachI thoDA samaya mATe eno nAno putra nusmatakhAna dilhImAM sattA upara hato tyAre mAMgaroLa malika yAkUbanI sattA nIce hatuM.7) pAchaLathI kAjI zekhonuM moDethI zAsana thayuM. teono pUrva puruSa zekha jalAluddIna kAjI paNa saiyada sikaMdara sAthe ja Avelo.98 saiyada sikaMdaranA vaMzajo "baDI meDI'nA pIra kahevAya che ane nAnA girAsadAra che. 6. jhAlA vaMza jhAlA vaMzanI je vaMzAvalI eca. vibaphersa bele tAravI ApI che te pramANe pATaDInI mukhya zAkhAno sAMtalajI I.sa. 1305 mAM sattA upara AvyA hate. Indravadana na. AcArye potAnA jhAlA rAjavaMzanA mahAnibaMdha mATe meLavelAM sAdhanomAM eka mahatvanuM sAdhana saM. 1305(I.sa. 1259)nuM sAMtalanA putra vijayapAlanA samakAlIna hemaprabhasUricita zailaya-prakAza graMthanuM maLyuM che.99 A sUri samakAlIna na hoI vijapAlanA pitA sAMtalajIno samaya I.sa. 1259 thI paNa jUnA samayamAM jAya che. AcAryanA jaNAvyA pramANe ra0deg vijayapAla pachI rAmasiMhajI, vairisiMhajI, raNamala, zatruzalya ane jaitasiMhajI-eka pachI eka vaMzajo sattA upara AvyA hatA, temAMnA jaitasiMhane samaya eka zilAlekhane AdhAre I.sa. 1400ne nizcita che, je varSe 'jayaka (jaitasiMhe) koTavAva

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7 su] samakAlIna rAjyA [173 sa'. 1456 (I.sa. 1400)nA mAdha viSe AThamane divase badhAvI purI karI hevAnu emAM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che. 1-1 vijayapAla ane jaitasiMha vaccenA rAjavIonA gALA 145 jeTalAM varSedane rahe che, jemAM vacce cha rAjavI rAjya karI gayA che. Amane rAjavI dITha Azare 23 varSoMne rAjyakAla kahI zakAya. muhammada tugaluka (I.sa. 1325-1351) dilhImAM sattA upara hatA tyAre tagI nAmanA saradAre gujarAtamAM I.sa. 1347 nA varSamAM keMdranI sattA sAme baLavA AkAryA hatA, tyAre hArI jatAM baLavAkhoreAmAMnA keTalAka pATaDInA zAsaka vairisi Mha(aMdAje I.sa. 1336-1355)ne Azraye gayA hatAM. I.sa. 1351 AsapAsa sattA upara AvelA zatruzalye lakSaDeAma karyuM hovAnI bAbata paNa eka lekhane AdhAre jANavAmAM AvI che. 1 0 2 sulatAna ahamadazAha 1 lAnA samayamAM amIrAe karelA baLavAmAM IDaranA rAva, pAvAgaDhanA cauhANa ane pATaDInA jhAlAe baLavAkheArAne TakA ApyA hatA. 103 sulatAnanA pratinidhi latI khAna sAme jaitasiMha TakI zakI zakyo naheAte|. muslima sattA sAthenA saMgharSamAM jaitasihune saphaLatA na maLatAM yA anya koi mahattvanA kAraNe pATaDImAMthI badalI I.sa. 1416 mAM eNe mAMDalamAM rAjadhAnI karI, ahIM paNa svataMtratA te TakAvI zakAI nahi,e maMDalamAMnA eka dvibhASI zilAlekha uparathI samajI zakAya che. rAjavIneA 'rANaka-kAnhA 'thI A lekhamAM nirdeza thayA che. 1 104 jhAlA rAjavIe, A lekha prama Ne sulatAnanI sattA mAnya karI lIdhI samajAya che. jhAlAne mAMDalamAM paNa salAmatI lAgI nahi ane I.sa. 1426 mAM mAtra dasa varSanA gALAmAM rAjadhAnI badalavI paDI ane kacchanA akhAtanA kAMThA najIka kaMkAvaTa (kuvA)mAM jaI rahevuM paDyuM. tyAMnA eka purANA kUvAnI dIvAle 'rANuzrI raNavIra' akSare! maLe che, eTale ahIM rAjavAnI badalAI tyAre jaitasiMhanI pachI sattA upara AvelA enA putra raNavIre zaheranI AbAdI karI evuM AnAthI mAlUma paDe che. vaLI kAThA pAsenA matavAlAnA uparanA cApaDAmAM 'rAzrI bhIma' akSare| paNa jovA maLe che. A bhImarANA raNavIrane putra che ane vaMzAvalI pramANe .sa. 1441 mAM sattA upara AvelA e raNavIranA avasAne I.sa. 1460 mAM sattA upara AvelA ene putra ja che. A bhIma te e ja jhalezvara bhIma che ke jenI kuMvarI ubha'nAM lagna jUnAgaDhanA chellA rA'mAMDalika 3 jA sAthe thayAnuM maLyu(c)Ija-mahAdAtmya mAM vavAyu che.

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174) saltanata kAla [. A bhImanuM I.sa. 1479-80mAM avasAna thatAM ene putra vAghajI sattAsUtra dhAraNa kare che. A rANu vAghajInA samayanA cAra zilAlekha rAmapura(ji. surendranagara)mAMthI maLelA, je saM. 1538nA mAdha sudi 13 zukravAra (tA. 1-2-1442)nA che, jemAM sArvabhauma sattA "pAtasA zrI mahamUdanI ane pradeza sattA "rANazrI vAghajIthI sUcavAI che. 5 mahamUda begaDAe junAgaDha seraThamAMthI cUDAsamAonI sattAne ukheDI nAkhatAM rA' mAMDalikanI sAthe sagapaNa dharAvatA jhAlAone paNa kacaDI nAkhavAno prayatna thayA. jUnAgaDhane sUbo khalIlakhAna eka prabaLa senA laI jhAlAvADanA pradeza para Avyo, jeno saijapura (ajJAta) pAse rANa vAdhajIne mukAbale karavAne che. ahIMnA yuddhamAM vAghajIne vijaya thayuM. A sAMbhaLatAM mahamUde ene ucacheda karavAnI dRSTie I.sa. 1486 mAM acAnaka caDAI karI kUvane ghero ghAlyo. ahIM thayelA yuddhamAM vAdhacha bharAyo ane jhAlA sattAne kUvAmAMthI uTheda thaI cUkyo. jhAlAvADamAM ahIM khelAyela bhISaNa yuddha "kuvAnA kera' tarIke jANItuM che. * (1) haLavada-dhrAMgadhAne jhAlA vaMza kuMkAvaTI yAne kUvAmAM muslima thANuM besI jatAM vAghajInA putra rAjodharajIe I.sa. 1488 mAM haLavada(ji. sureMdranagara)ne pasaMda karyuM ane tyAM rAjadhAnI karI. rAjodharajIe haLavadamAM siddhapurathI audIcya sahastra brAhmaNone bolAvI vasAvyA ane dAna dIdhAM. Aje jhAlAvADamAM audIcya brAhmaNa (hAla "jhAlAvADI' kahevAya che te) teonI vizALa vastInA mULamAM Ama haLavada banyuM. e Aje paNa mULa sthAna tarIke mAnya che. haLavadanI bIjI mahattA e che ke pachI dhrAMgadhrAmAM rAjadhAnI khasI chatAM navA rAjAne rAjyAbhiSeka rAjodharajIe banAvelA nAnA mahela TIlAmeDI'nA sthAnamAM ja thato. rAjodharajInuM avasAna thatAM ene putra rANojI I.sa. 1506 mAM sattA upara AvyuM. enA para varcasa te amadAvAdanA mujhapharazAha 2 jAnuM hatuM evuM kUvA gAmanI eka vAvanA saM. 1572(I.sa. 1515)nA lekhathI samajAya che. * I.sa. 153 mAM rANoja avasAna pAmatAM ene putra mAnasiMhajI sattA para Avyo. 18 enA samayanA veLAvadara (tA. vaDhavANa)nA lekha (saM. 1584 I.sa. 1528)mAM sArvabhauma sattA bahAdurazAhanI jaNAvelI che, jyAre hAmapara (tA. dhrAMgadhrA)nA (saM. 1453-I.sa. 1532) be lekhemAM hAmaparanA thANadAra tarIke mahAmalika ayAjavalInuM nAma jovA maLe che.*

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7 bhu] samakAlIna rAjye [175 I.sa. 1530 mAM mAnasiMhajIe peAtAnA pitAnA zatru, dasADAnA malika para caDAI karI dasADA kabaje karatAM sulatAne khAnakhAnAnane meTI phAja laI mAkalI mAnasiMhajI pAsethI haLavada paDAvI lIdhuM. pariNAme mAnasiMhajIe kacchamAM jaI gujarAta sAme bahAravaTuM kheDayuM. a Mte samAdhAna thatAM vIramagAma ane mAMDala sulatAne khAlasA karyAM ane mAnasiMhai AkInA pradeza sabhALI lIdheA. uparanA hAmaparanA lekha A pachInA che. mAnasiMhajInA avasAna bAda rAyasiMhajI I.sa. 1564mAM sattA upara AvyA. ene peAtAnA bhANeja dhrALanA jADejA jAma jasA sAthe yuddha thayeluM, jemAM jaseA mAryAM gaye|. enI kumake AvelA kacchanA rAva paNa mALiyA pAse yuddhamAM mAryAM gayeA. mudhala bAdazAha akabare gujarAta jItyu' tyAre mAnasiMhajI peAtAnA pradeza para sattA dharAvatA DAvAnu jaNAya che. (2) lIMbaDInI zAkhA graMtha 4 tha (pR. 158)mAM jaNAvyA pramANe sAdhAjI ( athavA sAMgAjI)nA rAjyakAla pUrA thatAM enA pachI zeSamala sAraMga lAkhA ane vajerAjA sattA para eka pachI eka AvelA. vajerAja pachI ene yuvarAja nAgajI sattA para AvyA tyAre amadAvAdamAM sulatAna ahamadazAha sattA upara hateA. nAgajIe ziyANI paragaNu bathAvI pADatAM satanata sAthe veranAM khI vavAyAM. nAgajI pachI krame udayabhANu khetAjI bhAjarAja ane khetAcha sattAdhIza banelA. enA samayamAM AMtarika yuddha khelAyAM, aneA lAbha mahamUda begaDAe lIdhA. eNe lazkara meAkalI ziyANI ane jAMkhu (tA. lIMbaDI) paDAvI lIdhAM. enA pachI sAMgeAjI sattA upara Avyo. eNe jAMkhu pharI hastagata karI sattA sthira karI. enA pachI ene yuvarAja sADhAjI ane enA pachI AsakaraNa sattA upara AvyeA. I.sa. 1573 mAM gujarAtamAM mughala sattA sthapAtAM AsakaraNe mudhala sattAnA humalAothI bacavA jAMbu che|DI ziyANImAM rAjadhAnI sthApI (I.sa. 1583). 7. sADhA paramAra vaza saurASTramAM paramArAnuM eka ja rAjya mULInuM jANavAmAM AvyuM che. A vaMza sADhA paramAra' tarIke jANItA che. paramArA I.sa. 1470-75 nI vaccenA gALAmAM saurASTramAM AvyA hAvAnuM jaNAya che, emane AgevAna 'lakhadhIra' karIne hateA, jeNe peAtAnI bahenanuM sagapaNu haLavadanA rANA rAjodharajI sAthe karyuM... hatu. rAmapura (ji. sureMdranagara) nA I.sa. 1482 nA lekheAmAM haLavadanA vAgheAjInA

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11. satanata kAla mi. zAsanakAlamAM sulatAnanA pratinidhi tarIke je lakhadhIra ane hAdA nAmanA be paramAra adhikArI nidezAyA che 111 temAMne lakhadhIra e mULImAM sattA sthira karanAra vyakti lAge che ane Ama e mahamUda begaDAnA samakAlIna hato. ema kahevAya che seDhA paramAre tharapArakara taraphathI AvI thAna coTIlAnA vistAramAM sthira thayA hatA. e pachI vaDhavANanA vAghelA vIsaladeve emane mULI najIka bhagavAnA kAMThAnA pradeza chAvaNI karI vasavA dIdhA. ahIM avAranavAra thayelAM ghamasANomAMthI pAra UtaratAM e coTIlAnA pradezamAM sattA jamAvavA zaktibhAna thayA hatA. lakhadhIranA nAma sAthe jene rAmapuranA zilAlekhamAM ullekha thayela che te hAdo uphe hAle muslima dharma svIkArIne begaDA pAsethI rANapura jAgIramAM pAme ane enA nAnA bhAIe paNa muslima dharma svIkArI boTAdanI covIsI meLavI. dhADapADu sAthenI athaDAmaNamAM lakhadhIra avasAna pAmatAM enI pachI eno putra bhojarAjajI ane enA pachI ene putra cAjI ane enA pachI ene putra ratanajI sattA upara Avyo. ratanajInA samayamAM jUnAgaDha khAte amInakhAna gerI sUbe hato. eNe khaMDaNI ugharAvavA pheja mekalelI, paNa khaMDaNI jeTalAM nANAM na ApI zakatAM tyAM muslima thANuM mukAyuM. e uparathI ratanajIe bahAravaTuM kheDayuM, paNa keIe ene phasAvI thANadArane soMpI Ape, jeNe ene mArI nAkhyo. A arasAmAM kAThIo kacchanA raNane pele pArathI AvI lAgyA ane e lokee coTIlAmAMthI paramArane hAMkI kADhayA. e samayathI paramAranA hAthamAM mAtra mULIne ane AsapAsanA maryAdita pradezane ja kabajo rahyo. 112 8. gahila vaMza (1) gehilavADanA gRhilAnI 1lI zAkhA gohilavADamAM gUhitI zAkhAnI sthApanA karanAra sejakajI (sa. 12401290)no putra rANAjI (I.sa. 1297-1309) ane jUnAgaDhanA rA'kheMgArane putra rA' meM ghaNuM alAuddInanA pATaNane sUkA ApakhAna pachI AvelA jhapharakhAna (1 lA)nA AkramaNamAM hAryo ane mAryA gayA (I.sa. 1309), AthI kumAra mokhaDojI (I.sa. 1309-1347) dakSiNa tarapha khasyA ane vALAo pAsethI bhImarADa ane pachI keLIo pAsethI umarALA kabaje karI pitAnI rAjadhAnI tyAM sthApI. e pachI khabara kabaje karI, muslima kAtIonI ghoghAmAMthI

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7 mu) samakAlIna rAjya [177 hAMkI kADhayA ane AgaLa vadhI bAriyA keLIo pAsethI khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM Avela pIrama beTa kabaje karI tyAM rahevAnuM zarU karyuM. musilama kAtIonI sattA nIcenuM ghoghA kabaje karyuM, tethI khIjavAIne dilhInA sulatAna muhammada tugalUka enA upara caDI AvyA. mokhaDAjI bahAdurIthI laDatAM yuddhamAM mAryo gaye (I.sa. 1349). ene yuvarAja DuMgarajI uDasaravaiyAvADamAMnA hAthasaNI (tA. pAlItANuM) tarapha nAsI chUTayo. nAne kumAra semarasiMgajI rAjapIpaLA gayo ne tyAM pitAnI mAtAnA pitAnI gAdIe beTho. muhammada gohilavADamAMthI pAchA cAlyo jatAM DuMgarajIe potAno pradeza punaH prApta karI lIdho. DuMgarajInuM avasAna (saMbhavataH I.sa. 1370 mAM) thatAM vibhAjI ane enA pachI kAnajI (I.sa. 1395-1420) sattA para AvyA. e paNa avasAna pAmatAM ene putra sAraMgajI gAdIe Avyo. A samaya daramyAna amadAvAdamAM saltanata sthapAI cUkI hatI ane muslima senA saurASTramAM khaMDaNI ugharAvavA nIkaLI hatI. gohilavADamAM AvatAM sAraMgajInA kAkA rAmajIe khaMDaNIne thoDA bhAga cUkavI bAkInA bhAga mATe sAraMgajIne sulatAnane tyAM mokalI Apyo ane rAmajIe sattAsUtra dhAraNa karyo. sAraMgajI amadAvAdamAMthI chaTakayo ane cAMpAneranA rAvaLanI madada laI umarALA tarapha nAsI Avyo. rAmajIe zarUAtamAM ene sattA sUtra soMpavAmAM AnAkAnI karI, paraMtu chevaTe eNe umarALA AvIne gAdI sAraMgajIne soMpI. rAmajI ghoghAmAM rAjya karato hato tethI enA vaMzajo tyArathI "ghoghArI gohilo' kahevAtA thayA. A samayathI sAraMgajI cAMpAneranA rAvaLane ApelA vacana pramANe "rAvaLa' kahevAvA lAgyo. sAraMgajInA avasAne ene kumAra zavadAsa (I.sa. 144pa-1470) ane enA pachI jetojI (I.sa. 1470-1500) Avyo. ene be kumAra hatA temane rAmadAsajI (I.sa. 1500-1535) gAdIpati thayo ane gaMgAdAsajIne camAraDInI jAgIra maLI. A gaMgAdAsajInA vaMzajo enAthI "camAraDiyA gohila kahevAtA thayA. rAmadAsajInA traNa kumAromAMthI moTo saratAnajI (I.sa. 1535- 1570) enA pachI sattAdhArI banyo. sAdUlajIne adhevADA (tA. bhAvanagara) maLyuM ane bhImajIne TANA (tA. zihera) jivAI mATe maLatAM enA vaMzajo "TANiyA rAvaLa" kahevAtA thayA. saratAnajI pachI ene kumAra visojI (I.sa. 1570-1600) gAdIpati banyo. bI ja kumArone judI judI jAgIra ApI. e pramANe te te jAgIramAM gayelA devajInA "devANI, vIrojInA "vIrANu I-pa-12

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mi. 178] saltanata kAla ane makAjInA makANI zAkhAnA gohile kahevAyA. vIrajIne vAghajI nAmano putra thayelo tenA vaMzaja "vAghANa" kahevAyA. visanA samayamAM ziheranA audIcya brAhmaNanAM be kuTuMba jAnI ane rANa vacce jhaghaDo thatAM jAnIoe umarALAnA visAjInI ane rANAoe enA pitarAI kAMdhAjInI madada mAgI. vise eka DuMgarane raste thaIne kAMdhAjI upara ziheramAM hale laI gayo ne kAchane hAMkI kADhI, zihorane kabaje laI eNe ene ja rAjadhAnI karI tyAM kilo baMdhAvyo. 113 ha, IDarane TheDa vaMza IDaranA ronI pUrve saM. 1302 (I.sa. 1246) mAM IDaramAM rAva senIMgajI rAThoDe sattA hastagata karI te pUrvene ItihAsa mAtra anukRtionA baLa upara nirbhara che. kaliyuganAM 2322 varSa vItyA bAda chavaduga" (IDara)mAM kaI veNuvaccha nAmane rAjavI rAjya karatA hatA. e pachI bhIla lokonuM zAsana hatuM, jemanI pAsethI guhAdiye (sisodiyAonA pUrvaje) e pradeza upara potAnuM Adhipatya sthApyuM. guhAdiyanI 8mI peDhIe IDaramAM nAgAditya nAmane rAjA hato, jenuM bhIloe khUna karI A pradeza para bhIla vaMzanI sthApanA karI. emanuM prabhutva jhAjhe samaya na rahyuM ane emanI nabaLAIno lAbha laI mAravADanA maMDovaranA pratIhAroe IDara upara caDAI karI pradeza hastagata karyo. A vaMzane chello rAjA amarasiMha hato. pRthurAja cauhANa ane muhammada ghorI vacce thANezvaranuM yuddha khelAyuM tyAre A amarasiMha cittoDanA rAvaLa amarasiMhanI saradArI nIce pAMca hajAranA ghoDesavArI saunya sAthe emAM joDAyo hato, jyAM e kAma AvI gayo. amarasiMhanA avasAne IDaranuM rAjya pharI bhalee hastagata karyuM ane hAthI soDa nAmanA bhIla nAyake saM. 1250 (I.sa. 1194)mAM sattA hAthamAM lIdhI. 61 varSanuM rAjya bhogavI e avasAna pAmatAM ene putra sAmaLiye soDa sattA upara Avyo. e ukhala ane kAmuka hato. enA para najIkanA sometarA gAmanA sonIMgajI rAThoDa nAmanA rAjavIe caDAI karI, ene parAsta karI sattA hAMsala karI. yuddhamAM prANa choDatI veLA sAmaLiyA soDe eka mAgaNI karI ke IDaranA rAjasiMhAsane besatA rAjavIne mAro vaMzaja tilaka kare. senIMgajIe e vacana svIkAryuM.

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7 muM] samakAlIna rAje [179 A sAmaLiyA soDe ghaNe rAjapUto potAnA samAjamAM bheLavyA hatA, ghaNI rAjapUta kanyAone bhIle sAthe jabaradastIthI paraNAvI hatI. A samAja uttara gujarAtamAM "ThAkaraDA" tarIke jANIto thayo. eNe ghaNuM bhIlone jAgIre ApI hatI, jenA vaMzajo aMgrejI sattA sudhI pitAnI jAgIra bhogavatA rahyA. A jAgIradAro "bhomiyA" tarIke jANItA che. rAva nAgajI sonagacha IDaranI rAjagAdI upara saM. 1302 (Isa. 1246) nA jeThA mAsanI sudi 15 ne divase rItasara rAjyAbhiSeka karI beTho. e lagabhaga 28 varSa sattA bhegavI avasAna pAmyo. rAva ajamala, dhavalamala, karaNa ane keharana enA avasAna pachI enA vaMzaje anukrame rAva ajamala (I.sa. 12841286), dhavalamala (I.sa. 1286-1311), lUNukaraNa(I.sa. 1311-1325) ane keharana (I.sa. 1325-1346) gAdIe AvyA. emaNe zAMtipUrvaka rAjya karyuM. rAva raNamaNa vyasanI dizAmAM keharana avasAna pAmatAM gujarAtamAM eka zaktizALI rAjavI tarIke vikhyAta thayele keharanane putra rAva raNamala IDaranI gAdIe Avyo (I.sa. 1346). e samaye pATaNamAM dilhInA muslima sUbAonI sattA sthira thaI cUkI hatI. sAthe sAthe emanI vacce sattAnI kheMcatANa cAlatI hatI. rAva raNamala A asthira samayamAM pitAnI sattA prabaLa karavAne sabaLa prayatna karI rahyo hato. pitAnI AsapAsa eNe eka zaktizALI raunya jamAvyuM hatuM. rAva raNamalanAM parAkramanI prazasti zrIdhara vyAse samakAlamAM racelA hiMgaLImitra madhyakAlIna gujarAtInA raNamalla chaMda"mAM gAI che. emAM raNamale gujarAtanA samakAlIna sUbA jhapharakhAna baMgALI (phArasI), enA anugAmI zamasuddIna abu rijA (abU rajA), enA anugAmI zamsaddIna dAmagAnI (I.sa. 1380 pahelAM) ane enA anugAmI malika mupharaha sultAnI (phahaMtumuka) A cAre saradAra sAthe jaMga khelyo hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. emAM eNe malika mupharahane to bhAre zikasta ApI hatI. mupharaha sAmenA yuddhamAM mAravADane saMbhara-pati sAMtala madade Avyo hato e nedhapAtra che. 114 saMbhavataH A vijaya pachI thoDA samaye mevADanA rANuM kSetrasiMhe IDara para caDAI karI, jemAM raNamalane parAjaya sAMpaDayo hato. 115

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180] satanata kAla gi, - tyAra bAda rAva raNamale dilhInuM Adhipatya svIkAryuM hatuM, paNa I.sa. 1394 mAM eNe khaMDaNInI nA pADatAM gujarAtane chelle be jhapharakhAna IDara para caDI AvyA. lAMbA samayanA gherA pachI raNamale bhAre rakama ane jhaverAtanuM cukavaNuM karI saMdhi karI. e pachI be vAra jhapharakhAne ane enA putra tAtArakhAne IDara para caDAI karelI. chellI caDAI vakhate rAva visanagara nAsI gayo ne jhapharakhAne IDaranAM badhAM maMdira toDI pADavAM. tyAra bAda rAva raNamale thoDA vakhatamAM pharIthI IDara para pitAne kabaje karI lIdhuM. rAva pUjA raNamalanuM avasAna (saMbhavataH I.sa. 1404 mAM) thatAM ene putra rAva pUje IDaranI gAdIe Avyo. eNe I.sa. 1411mAM sulatAna banelA ahamadazAha 1 lA sAme baLavo karatA amIrone sAtha Ape, paNa A baLavAkhorone moDAsAmAM sulatAna ahamadazAhe bhAre parAjaya ApatAM rAva pUjAne sulatAnanI zaraNAgati svIkAravI paDI. tyAra bAda ahamadazAhe hiMduone nArAja kare tevAM pagalAM lIdhAM hovAthI I.sa. 1416 mAM hiMdu rAjAoe eno sAmano karavA mitrasaMdha racyo tyAre emAM rAva pUjAe paNa agatyano bhAga lIdhe. joke ahamadazAhane baLa sAme A mitrasaMdhanuM kaMI vaLyuM nahi ne bIje varase e vikherAI gayo, paNa enA rAjAo ahamadazAhanI karaDI najara nIce AvI gayA. rAva pU sulatAna ahamadazAhane khaMDaNI Apato hato, paNa sulatAna mALavAnA vijayamAM rokAyele tyAre enA viruddha eNe khaTapaTa karelI hovAthI sulatAne I.sa. 1526 mAM IDara para AkramaNa karyuM. rAvane IDaramAMthI bhAgavuM paDyuM. enA para kAyama dabANa rAkhavA mATe bIje varSo sulatAne IDara najIka ahamadanagara'(AjanA himatanagara)nI sthApanA karI. rAve ahamadanagaranA pradezamAM upadrava macAvavA mAMDele, paNa sulatAnanI TukaDIo sAme avAranavAra athaDAmaNa thatI. eka vAra sulatAnanI eka TukaDI sAme rAvane pAchA haThavuM paDayuM ne nAsato. eka kotaramAM gheDA sahita paDI jatAM e mAryo gayo ne sulatAne IDarane kabaje laI lIdhe (I.sa. 1428). 117 rAva nArAyaNadAsa enA putra nArAyaNadAse TaMkA trIsa hajAranI khaMDaNI ApavAnuM svIkAratAM gAdI meLavI, paNa e khaMDaNa bharI na zakatAM ahamadazAhe IDara upara caDAI karI. rAva nAsI gayo ne ahamadazAhe IDarano kiTale kabaje karI tyAM masjida

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7 muM] samakAlIna rAja [18 baMdhAvI. pachI jyAre rAve jAmInagIrI ApI tyAre gAdI pAchI saMpI. sulatAna muhammada 2 jAe I.sa. 1446 mAM IDara upara caDAI karI. rAve potAnI putrI ApI samAdhAna karyuM. 118 e aputra maraNa pAmatAM I.sa. 1481 mAM ene nAno bhAI rAva bhANa IDaramAM satA para Avyo. rAva bhANu, sUrajamala ane rAyamala rAva bhANe sattA upara AvI IDara rAjyanI sImA nakkI karI. e badhA vakhata (I.sa. 1481-1501) sulatAna mahamada begaDAne vaphAdAra rahI niyamita khaMDaNa bharato rahyo hovAthI enuM rAjya TakI rahyuM. I.sa. 1502 mAM bhANu maraNa pAmatAM eno meTa kumAra sUrajamala sattA upara Avyo. e mAtra 18 mahinA sattA meLavI maraNa pAmatAM eno kumAra rAyamala sagIrAvarathAmAM rAva banyo (I.sa. 1504). enI sagIrAvasthA daramyAna vAlI tarIke ene kAkA bhIma (bhImasiha) satA bhagato hato. cha varSa bAda ene uThADI mUkI bhIme gAdI hastagata karI (I.sa. 1509). rAva bhIma mahamUda begaDAnA avasAna (I.sa. 1511) pachI rAva bhIme IDaranA pradeza para majabUta kabajo jamAvI sAbaramatInI AsapAsanA pradezamAM lUMTaphATa zarU karI, thaDe jhAjhe pradeza kabaje karavA lAgyo. ene namAvavA mATe sulatAna mujhapharazAha 2 jA e mekalelI phejane paNa eNe harAvI, AthI sulatAna jAte IDara upara caDAI lAvI enI AsapAsano pradeza lUTavA lAge. jUnI rasama pramANe, muslima phejane pahoMcI vaLavAnI azakti jaNAtAM e kuTuMbakabIlA sAthe DuMgaramAM jaI saMtAI gaye, sulatAne IDaranA pradezane kabaje laI IDarane kille paNa hastagata karyo. A sthitimAM rAve dilagIrI jAhera karI so ghoDA ane be lAkhanuM najarANuM mokalI ApatAM sulatAne IDarane rAva bhImane havAlo soMpo (I.sa. 1513).119 rAva bhIma I.sa. 1515 mAM maraNa pAme. rAva bhAramala pitAnA avasAne rAva bhAramala gAdI upara Avyo. A daramyAna pukhta vaye AvelA rAyamale pitAnA sasarA, cittoDanA rANu sAMgAnI madada mAgI. rANAe IDara upara caDAI karI, bhAramalane gAdI uparathI uThADI rAyamalane IDaranI gAdI sapI, AthI rAva bhAramale sulatAna mujhaphaphara zAha 2 jAne phariyAda karI. e uparathI sulatAne pitAnA saradAra nijhAmulamuzkane joItI phoja sAthe IDarameka,

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182] satanI kAla [. jayAM pahoMcI rAyamalane harAvI, gAdIethI uThADI mUkI bhAramalane gAdI soMpI nijhAmumuka pAcho pharyo, AthI I.sa. 1pa0 mAM rANA sAMgAe puna: AkramaNa karI IDara sara karyuM ne tyAM rAyamalane gAdIe besADayo. 120 paNa thoDA samaya pachI koI rogane laIne rAyamala maraNa pAmatAM have vArasa tarIke paNa rAva bhAramala ja rahyo. the DA vakhata pachI ene ahamadanagaranA nijhAmamulumulka mubArijhulamuka sAthe athaDAmaNamAM AvavuM paDayuM, jene laIne bhAramalane nAsI jaI mevADanA sImADA uparanA eka bhIlanA saravaNa gAmamAM Azraya le paDaDyo, jyAM I sa. 1543nA arasAmAM e maraNa pAme hevAnuM jaNAya che. vAva pUjAjI saravaNamAM rahI rava pUjAe IDara pAchuM meLavavA prayatna karyo. A vakhate gujarAtamAM sulatAna mahamUdazAha 3 jAnI sagIrAvasthA daramyAna amIro vacce cAlanI sattAnI sAThamArIne lAbha laI, IDaranA muslima sUbA para caDAI karI rAva pUjAjIe IDarane gaDha ane ene pradeza hasta karI lIdhe (Isa. 1543). e saMbhavata: I.sa. 155ra mAM avasAna pAme, rAva nArAyaNadAsa pitAnA avasAne rAva nArAyaNadAsa IDaranI gAdIe Avyo Isa. 1573 mAM mughala sattAe gujarAta para adhikAra jamAvI detAM e gujarAtanA sUbAnA tAbAmAM rahI IDarane jamInadAra kahevAto hato. 10. thApAne ne khIthI cauhANavaMza alAuddIna khalajInA samayamAM gujarAtane pradeza dilhInI saltanata nIce Avyo e sAthosAtha ja AjanA paMcamahAla jillAne aDIne AvelI pazcima sImA upara pAvAgaDhanI pahADI upara vikaselA cAMpAneranagara (tA. hAlela, ji. paMcamahAla)mAM eka rAjavaMza vikasate cAlyo te khIcI cauhANuvaMza. Isa. 1300 AsapAsa rAjasthAnanA raNathaMbheramAM alAuddInanI senA sAme vIratva batAvI vIragatine pAmelA khIcI cauhANa hamIradeve potAnA putra rAmadevane bahAra salAmatI mATe ravAnA karI dIdheluM. A rAmadeva pitAnA bacelA thoDA saradAranI sAthe gujarAta tarapha nIkaLI AvyuM ane pAvAgaDhanI AjubAjunA pradezanI surakSitatA ane ramaNIyatA joI AsapAsanA pradeza upara sattA jamAvI. pahADI uparanA sthAnane pasaMda karyuM ne tyAM eka majabUta kile taiyAra karAvI pitAnA nAnakaDA rAjyanI e nagara-cAMpAnerane eNe rAjadhAnI banAvI.

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muM] samakAlIna rAjya 8i3 A vaMzano kAMIka vyavasthita itihAsa te chellA traNa rAjavIone maLe che. chellA rAjavI jayasihadevanA samayane hAlela pAsenA umaravANa(nAnI umaravANa, tA. hAlela, ji. paMcamahAla) gAmane kUvAnI dIvAla uparano saM. 1525 (I.sa. 1469)ne eka zilAlekha maLyo che temAM ApelI vaMzAvalI pramANe pRthvIrAja cauhANanA eka vaMzaja hammIradevanA gujarAtamAM AvelA putra rAmadevathI gujarAtane A vaMza zarU thAya che, jenA pachI cAMgadeva, cAciMgadeva, seganadeva, pAlaNasiMha, jitakarNaphUpu rAula, viradhavala savarAja, rAghavadeva, caMbakabhUpa, gaMgarAjezravara ane eno putra jayasiMhadeva. lagabhaga I.sa. 1300thI 1469 sudhImAM Ama 13 rAjavI thayA kahI zakAya. ahIM sudhImAM rAjavInuM sarerAza 13 varSanuM zAsana kahI zakAya. A vaMzanA dasa rAjavIonI neMdhapAtra kaI vizeSa mAhitI maLatI nathI, paraMtu caMbakadeva kiMvA yaMbakadAsa sattA para AvatAM saMdharSane samaya zarU thAya che. A rAjavI sulatAna ahamadazAha 1lA (I.sa. 1411-1442)ne samakAlIna hato. ahamadazAhe gujarAtamAM ekacakrI sattA sthApavAno manasUbe karyo tyAre madhya gujarAtamAM keMdravata sthAnamAM rahI AbAdI bhegavatA A nAnA paNa pratApI rAjayane najaramAM lIdhuM. gujarAtanI saltanatanI samAMtara mALavAmAM muslima sattA svataMtra rIte sthApita thaI cUkelI hatI. mALavAnA sulatAna ane cAMpAneranA cauhANone maitrIsaMbaMdha hato ane tethI cAMpAneranA pradeza uparanAM bahAranAM AkramaNa sAme mALavAnI saltanata cauhANonI madade doDI AvatI hatI. gujarAta ane mALavAnI salatanata vaccenA lAMbA samayathI cAlyA AvatA vaimanasyane kAraNe gujarAtanI saltanatanI senAne mALavA javuM hoya to anivArya rIte cAMpAneranA pradezamAMthI javuM paDe ane cauhANanI sattA A pradeza upara hAI e zakaya banatuM na hatuM. sulatAna ahamadazAha sAme hiMdu rAjAoe I.sa. 1416 mAM sthApelA mitrasaMdhamAM cuMbakadAsa paNa joDAyo hato ne mALavAnA sulatAna dUzaMgazAhane ene Teke hato. A badhAM kAraNone laIne I.sa. 1418mAM ahamadazAhe cAMpAnera para AkramaNa karIne killAne ghero ghAlyo. caMbakadAsa thoDA ja samayamAM zaraNe AvyA ane khaMDaNI tathA laDAIne kharca ApI samAdhAna karI lIdhuM. 121 | vyaMbakadAse karyA sudhI rAjya karyuM e jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI. enA pachI ene putra gaMgezvara kivA gaMgadAsa sattA upara Avyo. sulatAna muhammadazAha 2 jA(I.sa. 144-1451) e samakAlIna to hato ja evuM

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184] salatanata kAla [pra. "lA pratA-vicAra nATathI spaSTa che. emAM muhammadazAhanA pAvAgaDha-cAMpAnera uparanA AkramaNanI vigata ApavAmAM AvI che, jemAM muhammadazAhanI niSphaLatA batAvavAmAM AvI che. 123 gaMgadAsane narasiMha nAmano kumAra hevAnuM uparyukta nATakathI jANavAmAM Ave che, 124 paraMtu A pUrve jaNAvelA zilAlekha pramANe to gaMgadAsanA anugAmI tarIke ene putra jayasiMhadeva rAjAdhirAja' tarIke sUcavAyo che. kAM to baMne eka che, yA to narasiMha pitAnI hayAtImAM avasAna pAmyA hoya ane jayasiMha anugAmI tarIke sattA para Avyo hoya. gaMgadAsa kayAre avasAna pAmyA ane jayasiMha kAre sattA upara Avyo eno samaya jANavA maLatA nathI, paraMtu e muhammadazAhanA anugAmI kubuddIna ahamadazAha (I.sa. 14511458)nA samayamAM sattA upara Avyo hato. e mahamUda begaDA(I.sa. 14591511)ne samakAlIna hato e enI sAthenA vigrahathI ja spaSTa che. amadAvAdanA beu sulatAne pAvAgaDha kabaje karavAmAM niSphaLa gayelA ane bIjI bAju mALavA sAthe gharSaNa cAlu ja hatuM, ane cauhANe mALavAnI madada ane mALavA cauhANanI madade AvI paDatAM dhAryuM thaI zakayuM nahotuM. mahamUda begaDAne mATe A asahya hatuM. e bahAnuM zodhato hato. I.sa. 1482 mAM gujarAtamAM varasAda ocho thavAthI rasUlAbAdanA thANAno malika sudhA sulatAnI nAmane thANadAra cAMpAnera tAbAnAM keTalAMka gAma lUMTI Avyo. tenA upara jayasiMhe AkramaNa karI bhAre khuvArI ApI, jemAM malika maraNa pAme. rAjapUtoe lUMTamAM malikanA lazkarane saraMjAma ane be hAthI haratagata karyA. joItuM bahAnuM maLI gayuM. mahamUda begaDAe moTA lazkara sAthe caDAI karI. A samAcAra sAMbhaLI jayasiMhe samAdhAna karavA potAnA pratinidhine mokalyo ane pote pakaDelA, sulatAnanA ghavAyelA be hAthIonA badalAmAM be hAthI ane lUMTele mAla tathA sonuM sulatAnane ApavA taiyArI batAvI. mahamUde laDI laI javAba ApavAnuM kahevaDAvyuM eTale jayasiMhe potAne kille majabUta karI prabaLa sAmane ApavA taiyArI karI. cAMpAneranA pradezanAM badhAM nAkAM mahamUde rekI lIdhAM. vasa, mAsa sudhI ghero ghAlI e paDI rahyo. daramyAna jayasiMhe suleha mATe pharI kaheNa me kahyuM ane ghere uThAvI levAmAM Ave te nava maNa sonuM ane be varSa cAle teTaluM anAja ApavA mATe kahyuM, paNa mahamUde e vAtane asvIkAra karI kile jItI levAne ja niradhAra jAhera karyo.

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7 mu. samakAlIna rAje [185 A paristhitimAM jayasiMhe mALavAnA sulatAna giyAsuddInane madada mATe kaheNa mokalAvyuM. dara majale lAkha TaMkA ApavAnA vacananA lebhe sulatAna gujarAta tarapha kUca karavA nIkaLyo tyAre mahamUda bIju lazakara laIne daheja tarapha giyAsuddInane sAmano karavA taiyAra thaIne pahe, A vakhate muslima sapAe bIjI muslima sattA sAthe jaMga nahi khelavAnI potAnA salAhakAronI salAha maLatAM giyAsuddIna pAcho vaLI gayo. AvI anukULatA maLI jatAM mahamUda pAcho pharyo ane suraMgenI madadathI ane topanA goLA jhIMkI eNe pAvAgaDhane kile toDayo ne eka bAkAmAMthI e ane enI phoja killAmAM dAkhala thaI gayAM. bIje kaI Are na jaNAtAM strIoe jauhara karyuM ane rAjapUta kesariyAM karI tUTI paDayA. jayasiMha ane ene maMtrI DuMgarasI pakaDAI gayA. pAMca mAsa sudhI kedamAM rAkhyA pachI mahamUde emane iralAmane svIkAra karo to jIvitadAna ApuM evuM kahevaDAvyuM, paNa ene asvIkAra thatAM e baMnene ziraccheda karavAmAM Avyo. A rIte khIcI cauhANa vaMzano pAvAgaDha upara uzkeda thaI gayo (I.sa. 1485).125 "mirAte siMkadarI'mAM jaNAvyA pramANe jayasiMhanI be kuMvarIone sulatAne pitAnA jamAnAmAM mokalI ane kumArane zikSaNa ApI moTo karyo. pAchaLathI enuM "husena" nAma rAkhavAmAM AvyuM, je sulatAna mujhaphaphara 2 jAnA samayamAM moTA amIra bane ane "nijhAma-ula-muka no IlkAba pA.12 bhATa-cAraNanI dhamAM A kuMvarIo ke kumAra vize kazuM ja maLatuM nathI; jayasiMhane traNa putro hatA teomAMne moTo rAmadeva pitAnI hayAtImAM ja maraNa pAmyo hato, jyAre bAkInA bemAMne moTo pRthavIrAja narmadA kinArAnA eka gAmamAM jaI pAchaLathI mehana nAmanA sthaLe pahoMcyo ane muslima saltanatanI avyavasthAnA samayamAM e sthaLe nAnuM rAjya sthApyuM, je choTA-udepuranA rAjya tarIke pAchaLathI vikasyuM. nAne DuMgarasI devagaDhabAriyAmAM Azraya karI rahyo, jyAM pAchaLathI eNe paNa nAnuM rAjya sthApyuM. e be rAjya I.sa. 1947mAM bhArata rAjayamAM vilIna thayAM tyAMsudhI jaLavAI rahyAM hatAM. 27 sarahadanAM anya rAjya mevADa graMtha kathA (pR. 168)mAM jaNAvyA pramANe hammIre I.sa. 1341 AsapAsa cittoDa sivAyano samagra pradeza haratagata karI ItihAsamAM 'sisodiyA' tarIke

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mi. 186] salatanata kAla jANItA gRhilavaMzane sattAdhArI banAvyo. potAnI sattA vistAravA eNe gujarAtamAM IDarane kile ane mAravADanI sarahada parane zirohIne kile haratagata karyo. I.sa. 1324mAM sattA upara AvelA hammIranA I.sa. 1378 mAM thayelA avasAne ene putra kSetrasiMha sattA upara Avyo, jeNe IDaranA raNamala sAme dhasI jaI IDara gaDha upara halle karyo ane I.sa. 1460 nA eka abhilekha pramANe raNamalane keda karyo. I.sa. 1405 mAM e avasAna pAmatAM ene putra lakSmasiMha urphe lAkho rANo moTI uMmare sattA upara Avyo. I.sa. 1420mAM lAkhAnA avasAne ene nAna kumAra mokala Avyo. I.sa. 1833 mAM 7 putra mUkI mola maraNa pAmyA. ane putra kuMbhe gAdInazIna thayuM. eNe zarUAtanAM tophAna dabAvI daI svastha thayA pachI najIkanA nAgeramAM sattA mATe jhaghaDatA muslima sattAdhArIo vacce daramyAnagIrI karI. tyAMnA muslima sattAdhArIe kuMbhAnuM sArvabhaumatva svIkAryuM, paNa kArya siddha thatAM ja eNe zaratenuM pAlana karavA AnAkAnI karI ane gujarAtanA sulatAna kubuddInanI sahAya mAgI. kuMbhAe e pahelAM ja nAgarane khatama karyuM. I.sa. 1455-56 mAM sulatAna kutabuddIne mevADanI sAme yuddha jAhera karyuM. AmAM mALavAnA sulatAnane paNa ene sAtha maLyo. AmAM jodhapuranA rAThoDa dhAe paNa muslimane madada karavA vicAryuM. mevADamAM AMtarika vigrahanAM paNa eMdhANa hatAM. muslima phoje cheka citoDa sudhI jaI pahoMcI. AvI sthitimAM rANAe emanI sAthe kaMIka prakAranuM samAdhAna karyuM ane bhALavA temaja gujarAtanA sulatAna potapotAnA pradezamAM cAlyA gayA. A pachI tarata ja kubhA rANAe zirohI ane nAgari tarapha najara doDAvI ane gujarAtanI dhUMsarImAMthI choDAvyAM tema mALavA pAsethI paNa zeDa pradeza meLavI lIdhe. A kAraNe I.sa. 1457-58mAM kubuddIne pharI zirohI hAtha karI kuMbhalagaDha tarapha deDa karI, paNa e phAvyo nahi ane potAnA pradezamAM cAlyo Avyo. I.sa. 1459 AsapAsa jhaghaDA zAMta thayA ane kuMbhAnAM chellAM dasa varSa zAMtimAM pasAra thayAM; bezaka, ene aMta kharAba thayo. enA moTA putra udaye enuM khUna karyuM. udaye sattA te dhAraNa karI, paNa saradAro badhA viruddha hatA. saradAree nAno bhAI rAyamala IDaranA killAnA rakSaNanuM kAma karato hato tene belAvI lIdhuM ane udaya cittoDanI bahAra hatA tyAre rANA tarIke rAyamalane abhiSeka karI nAkhyo. rAyamalanA samayamAM mALavA sAthe saMgharSa cAlu rahyo hato. rAyamalanA avasAne saradAroe 1509mAM sAMgAne rANA tarIke abhiSeka karyo. ene paNa

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7 muM). samakAlIna rAje [187 mALavA sAthe vigraha cAlu hato. emAM Akhare te ene mevADamAM pAchuM AvI javuM paDayuM hatuM, kAraNa ke gujarAtanA sulatAne mALavAnI madadamAM sainya mokalI ApyuM hatuM. pAchaLathI mahamUde mAthuM UMcakaryuM hatuM, paNa emAM niSphaLatA maLI. A pachI sAMgAe gujarAta tarapha paNa najara doDAvI. A vakhate zirohImAM be pitarAIo zirohInI gAdI mATe laDatA hatA temAMnA eke gujarAtanI madada mAgatAM, bIjAe sAMgAnI kuMvarI sAthe lagna karyuM ne sAMgAnI madada meLavI. A vakhate IDaramAMnA muslima hAkeme sAMgAnuM parokSa rIte apamAna karavAnA kAraNe rANo saMga IDaranA pradeza upara caDI AvyA ne pradezamAM lUMTa calAvI. pharI moTuM AkramaNa karI IDaranA killAmAMthI tyAMnA muslima hAkemane hAMkI kADho, je ahamadanagara(AjanA himatanagara)mAM bharAI gayo. sAMgo tyAM dhasI Avyo ne ahamadanagarane kabaje laI lIdhe. Ama mevADa ane gujarAtanI vacce sIdhA saMgharSanAM bIja vavAyAM. I.sa. 1540 mAM mujhaphapharazAhanI IcchA jAte caDAI laI javAnI hatI, paNa pachI vicAra pheravI eNe I.sa. 1521 mAM malika ayAjhane sainya sAthe mokalyo. muslima sainya DuMgarapura ane vAMsavADA lUTatAM cheka maMdasera sudhI pahoMcyAM. sAMgo paNa moTI taiyArI sAthe AvyA, to mALavAthI mahamUda khalajI paNa gujarAtanI kumake AvI pahoMce. mahamUda khalajIne putra mevADamAM bAna tarIke hato tene cheDavAnI zarate mahamUdane manAvI lIdhA. daramyAna gujarAtI rInyAnA muslima amaladAremAM AMtarika jhaghaDA thatAM malika ayAjha pitAnA vibhAgIya nya sAthe pAcho cAlyo Avyo. AnAthI nArAja thaI mujhapharazAhe mevADa para pharI caDAI karavAnuM vicAryuM. taka vicArI, sAMgAe sAruM evuM najarANuM mekalAvI mujhaphapharazAhanI zaratone Adara ApavAnuM svIkArI lIdhuM. A gALAmAM dilhI salatanata sAthe paNa saMgharSanAM bIja vavAyAM hatAM ane sAMgAnI ibrAhIma ledI para jIta thaI hatI. bAbarane belAvavAmAM paNa sAMgAno hAtha hate. ibrAhIma lodI para beu bAjuthI bhIMsa lAvavAnA hetu mAtra dilhI kabaje karavAne hato, bAbarane ahIM sattA dhAraNa karavA devAne nahi ja. | mujhapharazAhanA chellA mAMdagInA divasomAM enA putro vacce gujarAtanI sattA mATe jhaghaDo Ubho thayelo. bahAdura saphaLa na thatAM, prathama mevADamAM gaye ane tyAM dilhI pahoMce. daramyAna mujhaphapharazAhanuM avasAna thayuM ane moTo putra sikaMdarakhAna gAdI para Avyo. thoDA samayamAM ja(I.sa. 1526)mAM e mAryo gaye ne nA bhAI sattA para AvyuM, paNa bIjA pakSakAroe bahAdurane bolAve. ImAdulamuka nAmanA sattAdhArI amIre sulatAna thavAmAM sahAyaka thavA irachA vyakta

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18) salatanata kAla [>, karI. AmAM sahAya meLavavA mATe ImAdu muske rANA sAMgAnI pAse mANasa mokalyA. daramyAna bAbare bhAratavarSamAM cITakI rahevAno nizcaya karele tethI sAMgAe ema na thavA devA bIDuM jhaDapyuM, paNa niSphaLa gayo; bezaka, eNe gujarAtanA bahAdurazAhane madada karI, Ane kAraNe gujarAta ane bAbara vacce thato sabaMdha baMdha rahyo. Ama najIkanAM pAMca varSo mATe mevADa ane gujarAtano saMbaMdha sacavAI rahyo, paNa bAbara ane sAMgAnI vaccenA jaMgamAM sAM sadaMtara niSphaLatA pAmyo ane mevADamAM cAlyo Ave, jyAM 46 varSanI vaye maraNa pAmo. mALavA: 1. ghUrIvaza 109mAM dilhInA phirojhazAha ke enA anugAmIe dilAvarakhAna ghUrI nAmanA Isamane mALavAnA sUbA tarIke mokalyo hato. tImUranI caDAI pachI vyApelI avyavasthA ne lAbha laIne Isa. 1401 mAM svataMtra thaI gayo ne potAnA rAjavaMzanI sthApanA karI. enuM I.sa. 1405mAM avasAna thatAM enA putra a5khAne dUzaMgazAha" nAma dhAraNa karI sattA saMbhALI. A vakhate gujarAtano sulatAna mujhaphapharazAha 1le mALavA upara caDI Avya, emAM dUzaMga hAryo ane keda pakaDAye. mujhaphapharazAha nutakhAnane mALavAnI sUbAgIrI soMpI, paNa eNe evo julma varatAvyuM ke baLavo phATI nIkaLyA, tethI dUzaMge mujhaphapharazAhane AjIjI karI mALavA javA rajA mAgI. mujhapharazAhe ene punaH mALavAnA sulatAna banAvyo. A vakhate dUzaMge rAjadhAnI dhAramAMthI mAMDUmAM pheravI. 1511mAM sulatAna mujhapharazAha maraNa pAmatAM ahamadazAha nAnI uMmare sattA upara Avyo tyAre enA kAkAe baLavo karyo. ene lAbha levA dUzaMga taiyAra thayo, paNa e baLavAkhora sAthe maLe te pahelAM ja ahamadazAhe baLavo dabAvI dIdhe tethI dUzaMga, jhAlAvADanA kAnhA taraphathI paNa kumaka na maLatAM, mALavA pAcho pharI Avyo. pAchA pharyAnA thoDA ja samayamAM cAMpAnera, nAMdeda ane IDaranA rAjavIoe caDAI lAvavA dUzaMgane nimaMtraNa pAThavyuM ane e gujarAtamAM AvI pahoMce. A kAvatarAnI gaMdha amadazAhane AvI jatAM eNe pagalAM tAbaDatoba lIdhAM, pariNAme gujarAtamAM AvI cUkelA dUzaMgane vIle meDhe pAchuM pharavuM paDayuM. I.sa. 1407mAM pharI potAnA sALA, khAnadezanA, nAsIrakhAnanI sAthe maLI dUzaMge gujarAta para eka niSphaLa caDAI karI hatI. dUzaMgazAha jyAre orissA tarapha gayo hato tyAre enI gerahAjarIne lAbha levA ahamadazAha gujarAtamAMthI mALavA para caDAI laI gayo ane I.sa.

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7 muM] samakAlIna rAjya [189 1522 ne e varSamAM mAMDU kabaje karyuM, paNa pratikULa varasAdane kAraNe ene ujajaina javuM paDayuM. A takane lAbha laI duzaMga mAMDU AvI paDe. ahamadazAhe pharI caDI AvavA vicAryuM ane baMne sainya aDhI mAsa sudhI sAmasAmo paDAva nAkhI rahyAM. vacce vacce nAnImeTI laDAIo thayA karI. chevaTe e I.sa. 1423 nA mArcanI adhavacamAM tyAMthI pAchA haThI amadAvAdamAM menI adhavacamAM AvI gayA. I.sa. 1435 mAM dUzaMga avasAna pAmatAM enI pAchaLa ene putra gajhanIkhAna muhammadazAha" nAma dhAraNa karI sattA upara AvyuM, paNa e kAvatarAne bhoga banyA ane mAryo gayo. e pachI mahamUdakhAna nAmanA khalajI saradAre sattA sUtra dhAraNa karI pUrI vaMzanI sattA nAbUda karI. 2. khalajI vaza mahamadazAhe sattAsUtra dhAraNa karyA e pachI traNa varSe duzaMgazAhanI gAdInA hakkadAra masada nAmanA rAjavaMzI nI vinaMtIthI sulatAna ahamadazAhe maLavA upara caDAI karI. zarUmAM to ahamadazAhane anukULatA jaNAI, paNuM gujarAtI sainyamAM marakI phATI nIkaLatAM ene gujarAtamAM pAchuM AvavuM paDayuM. I.sa. 1450 mAM cAMpAneranA gaMgadAse gujarAtanA sulatAna muhammade cAMpAneranA ghAlelA gherA sAme mahamUdazAhanI madada mAgI. mahamUdazAha gaMgadAsanI madade AvyuM paNa kharo, paNa pAcho cAlo gayo. bIje varSe mahamUdazAhe gujarAta para caDAI karI ane bharUca pahoMcI amadAvAda tarapha AgaLa vadhavAnuM karyuM, paNa emAM to ene bhAre zikasta sahana karavI paDI. I.sa. 1453 mAM rAjapUtAnA upara caDAI karavAnI IcchA amalamAM mUke te pahelAM eNe gujarAtanA kubuddIna sulatAna sAthe suleha karI lIdhI, jemAM gujarAte pitAnI najIkano rAjapUtAnAne pradeza ane mahamUdazAhe potAnI najIka evo pradeza kabaje karavAnuM nakkI thayuM, sAthe prasaMga paDatAM baMnee baMnene madada karavI ema nakkI thayuM ane e pramANe teo varyAM. - I.sa. 1461 mAM mahamUdazAhe bahamanI rAjya para caDAI karI tyAre nijhAmazAhanI mAtA masikAIjahAnanI vinaMtIthI mahamUda begaDe eMzI hajAranA sainya sAthe AvI pahoMcyo, pariNAme mahamUdazAha pAcho vaLI gayo. thoDA samaya pachI pharI caDI Avyo tyAre paNa mahamUda begaDo Ave che evuM sAMbhaLatAM e mALavA pAcha cAle gayo. I.sa. 1469mAM e avasAna pAmatAM ene moTo putra giyAsuddIna sattA para Avyo.

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saltanata kAla [pra** jyAre mahamUda begaDAe cAMpAnera para caDAI karI tyAre tyAMnA rAjavIe mALavAnI madada mATe prayatna karyAM, paNa musalamAna sAme musalamAna jAya ene ayeAgya gaNI eNe mahda na ApI ane Ama mALavAnA sulatAnenI pAraMparika paddhatine navA vaLAMka ApyA, chellA varSamAM gAdI mATe nAsIruddIna ane alAuddIna e me putrI vacce dhAMdhala thaI temAM nAsIruddIna saphaLa thayA ane e I.sa. 1500 nA oNkTobaramAM gAdIe beTho. maravA paDelA giyAsuddIna cAra mahine maraNa pAmyA. 10] enA samayamAM AMtarika kalaha UbhA thayA tyAre virAdhIoe sika Mdara lodInI madada mAgI. mada maLI te vijayanAM cihna paNa jaNAyAM, paNa evAmAM gujarAtathI mujhaphpharazAha 2 jAe mALavA upara caDAI karI, paraMtu rAjadhAnImAM thayelI garabaDane kAraNe ene gujarAtamAM pAchu cAlyuM Avavu paDayu. samaya jatAM hiMduonA prabaLa vasanA bhaye mahamUdazAha peAtAnI begama ane ekamAtra sevaka sAthe I.sa. 1517 mAM gujarAAmAM nAsI Avye. mujhaphpharazAha 2 jAe enuM saMmAna karyuM". A e rAjavIonI saradArI nIce gujarAtI sainya mALavA upara caDI gayuM ane mAMDU kabajo lIdhe. e pachI mahamUdazAhane mALavAnI gAdI suparata karI mujhaphpharazAhe gujarAtamAM cAlyeA AvyA. peAtAnI gayelI pratiSThA prApta karavA mahamUdazAha prayatna karI rahyo hatA tyAre mevADanA rANA ratnasiMha ujjaina sudhI dhasI AvyeA hateA. e TAMkaNe gujarAtathI bahAdurazAha mALavAnI sarahade AvI sthAnika phrAnA zamAvavA lAgyA ane mahArANAne pAThA vaLI javAnI pharaja pADI, A pachI bahAdurazAhanA pratispardhI cAMdakhAnane Azraya ApI mahemUdazAhe bahAdurazAhane rASanu kAraNa ApyuM. A ja cAMdakhAne peAtAnA mANasA dvArA bAbarane gujarAta para caDI AvavA kaheNu meAkalyuM hatu. bahAdurazAhe mahamUdazAhane ThekANe lAvavA prayatna karyo. bahAdurazAhe I.sa. 1531 nI adhavacamAM mAMDUnA kille| sara karyo ane mahamUdazAhanA apamAnita zabdothI ciDAI, mahamUdazAha ane enA putrane keda karI cAMpAnera meAkalI ApyA. rastAmAM kAphalA para bhIlA ane kALIAe AkramaNa karatAM e takanA lAbha laI mahamUdazAhe kheDIe teADI, paNa rakSakAne hAthe mAryAM gayA. Ama mALavA bahAdurazAhanI sA nIce AvI gayeA, je enA avasAna sudhI cAlu rahyo hatA.

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samakAlIna rAjyA su] khAnadezanA phAkIva'za khAnadezanA rAjyanI sthApanA alAuddIna khalajI ane muhammada tugalukanA samayanA khAnajahAna krAkI nAmanA eka umarAvanA putra malika rajAe karI hatI. phIrAjha tugaluka para karelA eka upakAranA badalAmAM ene dakhkhaNunA pradezamAM AvelA thAlanera ane kureAMdenAM paragaNAM bakSisa maLyAM hatAM (I.sa. 1370). [191 phIrejhanA avasAna pachI e svataMtra thaI gayA hatA. putra nAsIrakhAnanA sasarA, mALavAnA sulatAna dilAvarakhAnanI sahAyathI malika rajAe gujarAta para caDAI karI, paNu hAryAM ane pachI cAlaneranA killAmAM AvI bharAI gaye|, jyAMsudhI dhasI AvI mujhaphpharazAhe sapaDAvyA, paNa pachI salAha karI levAmAM AvI. I.sa. 1399 mAM eNe peAtAnA anugAmI tarIke nAsIrakhAnanuM nAma sUcavI potAnA guru taraphthI maLela jhabhbhA ete ApyA, paNu nAnA putra kRtikhArane thAlaneranA killA ane e paragaNu ApyAM. I.sa. 1417 mAM nAsIre peAtAnA sALA, mALavAtA sulatAna, dUzaMganI sahAyathI lanera para caDAI karI, itikhAre gujarAtanA ahamadazAhanI sahAya mAgI, paNa niSphaLatA maLI, prakRtikhAra hAryAM ane nAsIrane tyAM keda pakaDAyA. e pachI mALavA ane khAnadezanAM sainyAe gujarAta para caDAI karI sulatAnapuranA kabajo karyA, AthI ahamadazAha sabaLa senA sAthe AvI pahoMcyA. pariNAme mALavAnuM sainya nAsI chUTayu. ane nAsIra cAlaneranA killAmAM bharAI gayA, nAsIranI sattA evI pAMgaLI karI nAkhavAmAM AvI ke ene salAha karavI paDI ane gujarAtanuM Adhipatya svIkAravuM paDayu.. AnA pariNAme ahamadazAhe ene khAna"nA khitAba ApyA. A khitAbane kAraNe eneA pradeza pAchaLathI 'khAnadeza' tarIke jANItA thayA. I.sa. 1429 mAM eka vAra nAsIra ahamadazAha bahumanInI sahAyathI gujarAta para caDI Avye, paraMtu e ane bahumatI sulatAna baMne parAjaya pAmyA. I.sa. 1437 mAM nAsIra avasAna pAmAM enA putra mIrAM Adila khAna sattA upara AvyA. I.sa. 1441 mAM AlikhAna mAryAM gaye| ane ene putra mIrAM mubAraka sattA upara AvyA. enA 16 varSanA zAMtimaya rAjya pachI avasAna pAmatAM enA mATa putra AdikhAna r jo sattA upara AvyA, jenA rAjyakAlamAM khAnadeze sArI AbAdI joI. ra

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192] saltanata kAla sattAnAM mULa majabUta karyA pachI eNe gujarAtanI dhUMsarI nIcethI nIkaLavAne niradhAra karI khaMDaNI ApavAnuM baMdha karyuM ane svAtaMtrya pokAryuM. pariNAme mahamUda begaDe khAnadeza para caDI AvyA ane Adila khAna pAsethI caData khaMDaNI vasUla karI pAchA vaLe (I.sa. 1498). Adila khAna pachI TUMkA gALAmAM traNa rAjAe sattA para AvyA. chevaTe nAsIrane pautra AdilakhAna pitAnA nAnA dAdA mahamUda begaDAnI madada maLatAM sattAdhIza banyA. begaDAe "Ajhama humAyUne khitAba ApI ene gAdInazana karyo. enI sAme thatAM kAvatarAne prabaLa sAmano eNe pitAnA sasarA, gujarAtanA sulatAna mujhapharazAha 2 jAnI madada meLavI karyo ane ahamadanagarane nijhAmulUmulka caDAI karIne Avyo hato tene pAcho pharI javAnI pharaja pADI. I.sa. 1517 mAM mujhaphapharazAhe maLavA para caDAI karI tyAre AdilakhAna sahAyamAM hato. I. sa. 1540 mAM e maraNa pAme ane ene putra mIrAM mahammada (mujhapharazAhane dauhitra ane bahAdurazAhano bhANeja) sattA para AvyA. bahamanI rAjavaMza dakhaNanA pradezamAM I.sa. 1337 mAM hasanagaMgu nAmanA eka amIre abula mujhaphphara alAuddIna bahamanazAha' nAma dhAraNa karI, latAbAdamAM sattA. sUtra dhAraNa karI, gulabargane rAjadhAnI banAvI "bahamanI rAjavaMzanI sthApana karI. I.sa. 1358 mAM avasAna pAmatAM enA pachI muhammadazAha (I.sa. 1358- 1375), alAuddIna munnahida (I.sa. 1375-1378), dAUda (I.sa. 1378), muhammadazAha 2 je (Isa 1378-1379) sat upara AvyA. 1396 mAM enuM avasAna thatAM giyAsuddIna zamsaddIna dATIdazAha ane tAjuddIna phirojhazAha, nAmanA traNa sulatAna thayA. phirojhazAhe sArI rIte rAjya karI potAnI atyaMta vRddhAvasthAmAM UbhA thayelA AMtarika jhaghaDAmAM pitAnA nAnA bhAI ahamadakhAnane sattA sayAM ane ekAda mAsamAM ja maraNa pAmyo (I.sa. 1822). traNa varSa pachI ahamadazAha bahamanIe gulabargathI bIdaramAM rAjadhAnI badalI. gujarAta ane mALavA sAthe saMgharSa A rAjavInA samayamAM prathama Ubho thayo. gujarAtanI sattA nIcenA jhAlAvADa(rAjasthAna)nA kAhAe gujarAtanA sulatAna sAthe mAthuM UyakatAM khAnadezanA nAsIranI madada yAcelI. eNe ahamadazAha bahamatInI bhalAmaNa karI ane I.sa. 1428mAM bahamanI raune naMdarabAranA pradeza upara caDAI karI, paNa zikasta khAI khAnadezamAM cAlyuM AvavuM paDyuM. I.sa. 1430mAM bIjI caDAI karI sAlaseTa kabaje karavA prayatna karyo, tyAM paNa gujarAtanA

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samakAlIna rAje 193 sainyane hAthe bhAre parAjaya vaheryo. A saMgharSamAM mAhIma ane enI dakSiNane keTalAka pradeza gujarAtanI sattA nIce Avyo A saMgharSamAMnI sAthIdArInA pariNAme nAsIrakhAnanI putrInuM lagna ahamadazAhanA putra alAuddIna sAthe karavAmAM AvyuM. ahamadazAhanuM I.sa. 1436 mAM avasAna thatAM ene putra alAuddIna ahamada sattA upara Avyo. pAchaLathI kauTuMbika kalezane pariNAme sasarA-jamAI vacce aNabanAva thayo ane gujarAta temaja mALavAnI hUMphathI nAsIrakhAne alAudIna ahamadakhAnanA pradeza para caDAI karI, jemAM parAjaya maLe. ahamadakhAnanAM keTalAM varSomAM enA sALA jalAlakhAne baLavo karI I.sa. 1455 mAM telaMgaNamAM salatanata sthApI, ane sikaMdare baLavo karyo, paNa pAchaLathI baMnene mAphI ApavAmAM AvI. ahamadazAha I.sa. 1458 mAM avasAna pAmatAM humAyU sattA upara Avyo. eNe mAtra traNa varSa ane pachI potAnA sagIra putra nijhAmazAhanA nAme be varSa rAjya karyuM. A sagIranA samayamAM mALavAne sulatAna mahamUda khalajI bahamanI rAjyanI uttara sImA upara caDI ramAvyo ane bIdara kabajo lIdho. A saMyogomAM vajIra mahamUda gAvAne gujarAtanI sahAya mAgI eTale mahamUda begaDe khuda dakhkhaNa tarapha dhasI gayo. bahamanI ane gujarAtI phee mALavAnA sulatAnane zikasta ApI. bIje varSe I.sa. 1463 mAM mahamUda khalajI pharI caDI AvyA, paNa gujarAtanI madada AvI rahI che jANI pAcho cAlyo gayo. bALa nijhAmazAha I.sa. 1863mAM maraNa pAmatAM ene nAno bhAI, muhammadazAha gAdIe Avyo. enI sagIra avasthA daramyAna mahamUda gAvAne rAjya samRddha karavAnI jahemata uThAvI saphaLatA meLavI. muhammadazAhanuM I.sa. 1482 mAM avasAna thatAM enA sagIra putra mahamUdane gAdI maLI. uttarottara e parAdhIna ane nabaLo paDato rahyo. e I.sa. 1518mAM maraNa pAmatAM enA pachI cAra sulatAne nAmanI sattA dhAraNa karatA rahyA. AmAMnA chellA kalimallAhanA avasAne I.sa. 1538 mAM bahamanI rAjavaMzano aMta Avyo ane bahamanI rAjya pAMca satanatomAM vahecAI gayuM : bijApuranI AdilazAhI, gelakeDAnI kubazAhI, ahamadanagaranI nijhAmazAhI, bIdaranI barIdazAhI ane varADanI ImAdazAhI. samakAlIna dilahI saltanata nAsIruddIna mahamUda tugalaka agAu joyuM che tema dilhImAM tugalaka vaMzanA nAsIruddIna mahamUda (I.sa. I-5-13

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194] saltanata kAla (31. 1394 mAM) takhtanazIna thayAM pachI paristhiti vadhu nabaLI banatAM anya prAMtAnI mArka gujarAta pazu svataMtra thayuM. I,sa. 1413 mAM nAsIruddIna mahamUdanuM avasAna thatAM amIrAe dolatakhAna lAdIne pasaMda karyAM, je I.sa. 1413 mAM sattA upara AvyA, paraMtu peAtAne pegaMbara sAhebane vaMzaja hovAnuM gaNAvatA saiyada khisukhAna prabaLa banatA jatA hatA teNe dolatakhAna lAdI upara AkramaNa karI cAreka mAsanA sAmanA pachI ene hisAramAM keda karyA ne dilhImAM saiyada vaMzane AraMbha I.sa. 1414 mAM karyAM. saiyada vaMza khijrakhAna saiyadanI sattA dilhIthI laI doAba ane mevADa sudhI maryAti thaI cUkI hatI, enI sAme turkIe mAthuM UMcakavAnuM zarU karI dIdhuM hatuM. I.sa. 1421 mAM enuM avasAna thatAM enA putra mubArakazAhe peAtAnA pradezeAmAM navA pradeza umeryAM nahi, paNu hatA te barAbara sAcavI rAkhyA hatA. I.sa. 1434 mAM enuM avasAna thayuM ane enA bhatrIjo muhammadazAha sattA upara Avyo. enA samayathI ja bhAratIya pradazeAmAM mulene praveza thavA lAgyA te mulatAna taddana svataMtra thaI gayu.... I.sa. 1445mAM e maraNa pAmyA. e pachI enA putra alAuddIna AlamazAha sattA para AvyA. e taddana ajJAnI hatA ane badAyUnA nAmaka sthAnamAM jaI meAjazekhamAM paDI rahetA, AthI dilhImAM paDelA zUnyAvakAzane ahalUla AdIe lAbha uThAvyo. baLa ane chaLakapaTathI e dilhInA sattAdhIza banI gaye| ane peAtAnA rAjavaMza sthApyA (I.sa. 1451). * lAdI vaza ahalUlazAha gAjhI'' nAma dhAraNa karI eNe sattAsUtra hastagata karyAM. eNe dhIme dhIme AsapAsanA pradeza kabaje karyAM ane keTalIka muzkelIe vaTAvI keTaleka aMze e sthira saltanata sAdhI zakayeA. e I.sa. 1489 mAM maraNa pAmyA. enA pachI enA vaDe zAhajAdA nijhAmazAha 'sikaMdarazAha' nAma dhAraNa karI sattA para Avyo, eNe dhIme dhIme muslima temaja rAjapUta nAnAMmeTAM rAjye| para sattA jamAvI, bhAMgI tUTI paDelu. dilhI rAjadhAnIne mATe pAtra nahotuM rahyuM tethI sikaMdare I.sa. 1499 mAM sabhalamAM ane tyAra bAda I.sa. 1504 mAM AzrAne pasaMda karyuM ane tyAM navI vasAhata vikasAvI ene rAjadhAnInuM sthAna banAvyuM. e I.sa. 1517mAM avasAna pAmyA. .. pachI eneA putra chabrAhIma leAdI (I.sa. 15171526) sattA upara AvyA. enA samayamAM AlamakhAna lAdI ane deAlatakhAna leAdIe dilhInuM takhta sara * 'samakAlIna dilhI saltanata'ne| ahIM sudhInA bhAga, R. C. Majumdar, Delhi Sultanate, pp. 111-148 nA AdhAre tAravyeA che.

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7 muM] samakAlIna rAje [195 karavA kAbulanA bAdazAha bAbara sAthe hAtha milAvyA. pariNAme I.sa. 1526mAM bAbare hiMda para AkramaNa karyuM. pANIpatanA medAnamAM ibrAhIma lodI ane bAbaranI senAonA mukAbalA vakhate gujarAtane zAhajAde bahAdUrakhAna tyAM ibrAhImane pakSe hAjara hatA, joke eNe laDAImAM sIdhe bhAga bhajavyo hovAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. kAbulamAM ane dilhInAM saina prabaLa mukAbale pANIpatanA medAnamAM thaye. saMkhyAbaLa vadhu chatAM bAbarane hAthe IbrAhImane bhAre parAjaya thayo ane yuddhamAM e mAryo gayo. camatkArika rIte thayelA A sattApalaTAe mughala zahenazAhatano pAyo nAkhyo. mughala zahenazAha bAbara ane himA pANIpatanA yuddhamAM vijaya meLavyA pachI ane dilhI temaja AgrAne hastagata karyA pachI paNa bAbarane potAnI navI sattA sthira ane vyApaka karavAne mATe be moTA ane nAnA nAnA to aneka saMdharSa, mukhyatve uttara bhAratamAMnA sattAdhIzo ane rAjapUto sAme, karavA paDayA hatA. kAbula vagere sAme ane enI sarahada upara saMgharSa cAlatA hatA. A badhA para enA vyavasthita lazkarI sarvopari. bRhane kAraNe vijaya hAMsala karato gayo, paraMtu I.sa. 1530mAM acAnaka enuM avasAna thatAM e mughala sAmrAjyamAM daDha zAsana sthApI zakyo nahi. enA pachI eno vaDo zAhajAda humAyuM sattA upara AvyA. 1 humAyuM gAdIe beTho tyAre enI uMmara mAtra 23 varSanI hatI. ene bhAIo temaja sagAsabaMdhIo taraphathI ghaNI kanaDagata thaI umarA potapotAnuM sAcavavAmAM paDayA hatA. bihAramAMnA aphaghAne ane gujarAtanA bahAdurazAha jevA prabaLa zatruone paNa sAmano karavAno hato. A pUrve sulatAna bahAdurazAhanA vRttAMtamAM humAyUne gujarAtamane saMgharSa apAyo che, e najaramAM letA joI zakAya ema che ke eNe gujarAtamAM AvIne paNa siddhio hAMsala karI hatI, paNa bihAramAM enAthI UlaTuM banyuM: zerakhAna sUra prabaLatA dhAraNa karyo jato hato. I.sa. 1540 sudhImAM humAyUe aphaghAnI sAme jhIMka jhAlI, paNa TakI zakyo nahi ane ene sattA choDI siMdha rAjasthAna ane IrAnamAM rakhaDatA rahevuM paDyuM. sura vaMza zerakhAne dilhImAMthI mughalane haThAvI punaH aphaghAna-sattA sthApI. e zerazAha'nA dakAbathI jANIto che. eNe ghaNu yuddha karI AsAmathI mulatAna sudhIne rAjyavistAra karyo.

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196] sanata kAla ene gujarAta sAthe kaI saMgharSa thaye jaNAto nathI. kamanasIbe I.sa. 1545 mAM dArUgoLo phATatAM enuM akasmAta avasAna thayuM. AnA pachI islAmazAha (I. sa. 1545-1554), phirojhazAha (I.sa. 1554) ane muhammada AdilazAha, (I.sa. 1554-1556) sulatAne thayA, paNa teo nirbaLa hovAthI aphaghAna satanata sAcavI zakyA nahi. ghaNA prAMtamAM sUbedAre baLavo karIne svataMtra thaI gayA. sulatAna muhammada AdilazAhanA sALA ane paMjAbanA ahamadakhAne sikaMdarazAhIne IlkAba dhAraNa karI I.sa. 1555 mAM dihI-AgrA kabaje karI lIdhAM, paNa bhAratamAM pharIthI mughala sattA sthApavAnI taka mATe TAMpIne beThelA humAyUe sikaMdarazAhane harAvI enI pAsethI dilhI AgrA kabaje karI lIdhAM. Ama sUra vaMzanA bIjo aphaghAna rAjyane mAtra 15 varSamAM aMta AvI gayo. kamanasIbe humAyU pitAnI mahenatanI saphaLa bhogavavA lAMbuM jIvI zakyo nahi. I.sa. 1556 nA jAnyuArImAM eka akasmAtamAM enuM avasAna thayuM. A vakhate ene 13 varSane putra akabara ane eno vAlI baherAmakhAna paMjAbamAM hatA temanI gerahAjarImAM AdilazAha sUrane senApati hemu dilhI AgrA sara karI laI, 'vikramAdityanuM biruda dhAraNa karI gAdIe beTho paNa baherAmakhAna ane akabare pANIpatanA medAnamAM ene harAvI TUMka samayamAM AgrA dilhI ajamera ane gvAliyara para kabajo jamAvI lIdhe. mughala samrATa akabarazAha akabara gAdIe Avyo (I.sa. 1556 mAM) tyAre uttara pradezane maryAdita bhAga ja enA kabajAmAM hato. dhIme dhIme eNe rAjapUtonI paNa madada sAdhI ane e eka moTuM sAmrAjya sthira karavAmAM saphaLa thayo. mevADanA rANA sivAyanA moTA bhAganA rAjapUta rAjAoe enuM Adhipatya mAnya rAkhI sAmaMtapada AvakArI lIdhuM hatuM. humAyU ane bahAdurazAha gujarAtI vaccenA vigrahamAM AraMbhAyele jhaghaDe vacce zAMta hatuM, paNa mujhaphaphara 3 je gujarAtanA sulatAna pade AvyA pachI AMtarika jhaghaDAone laI gujarAtane samagra pradeza akabaranI sattA nIce Avyo e vize A pUrve vistArathI apAyeluM heI ahIM punarukti karavAmAM nathI AvI (I.sa. 1573). * * "mughala zahenazAha bAbara'thI ahIM sudhInI vigato R. C. Majumdar, The Mughal Empire, pp. 25-174 mAMthI tAravavAmAM AvI che.

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samakAlAna rAjya pAdaTIpa 1. AtmArAma kezavajI dvivedI, "kaccha dezane itihAsa', pR. 25 2. ejana, pR. 20 3. ejana, pR. 28 4. ejana, pR. 29 5. ejana, pR. 29 6. Kutch District Gazetter, p. 79 7. Ibid., p. 79 8. AtmArAma kezavajI dvivedI, uparyukta, pR. 36 9. K. D. G. P, 19 10. AtmarAma kezavajI dvivedI, uparyukta, va'zAvaLIe, pR. 9 11. ejana, pR. 29 J] 12. ejana, pR. 29 13. zaM. ha. dezAI ( saurASTranA itihAsa, 2 jI AvRtti, pR. 511) A prasaganA nAga baMdaranA nAga jeThavA ane rANapuranA rAmadevajI (jeThavA)ne mijabAnI ApI katala karI pradeza kabaje karavAnu... lakhe che. A samayane kAI nAga jeThavA naNavAmAM nathI, tema rAmadevane teA khAlAvIne dagAthI Ama sattAjI I.sa. 1574 mAM mAre che. 14. zaM. huM. dezAI, uparyukta, pR. 511-513 mAM I.sa. 1540 Ape che, paNa e I.sa. 1543 che. 15 ja. kA. pAThaka, 'makaradhvajava'zI mahIpamALA', pR. 243-244 16. zaM. ha. dezAI, uparyukta, pR. 315 [197 17. D. B. Diskalkar, Inscriptions of Kathiawad, No. 23 18. za'. ha. dezAI, karyuM zruta, pR. 319 19. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit., No. 25 2. H. W. Bell, History of Kathiawad, p. 72 22. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit., No. 32 24. vigate mATe jue upara pR. 36-37. 23. Ibid., No. 64 25. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit., No. 37 zabhuprasAda dezAIe 1369mAM jhapharakhAnanI senAnA mukAbalA karatI vakhate thayelI jhapAjhapImAM rA' jayasiMha 2jo mRtyu pAmyA . hAvAnu anumAna karyuM che (sau. I. pR. 329), paraMtu nagIcANAnA prastuta lekhamAM rAca gesaMdhaleninairAnce zabdo prayeAAyA hAvAthI e 1377 sudhI jIvatA che ane muslima thAdArane vaphAdAra rahIne rAjya kare che ema phalita thAya che. 26. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cir, No. 38 27. muslima tavArIkheAmAM ene 'kuvarapAla' kahyo che. 28. vigatA mATe jue upara pR. 39,

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198] salatanata kAla mi. 29, za. ha. dezAI, uparyukta, pR. 320; paNa A yuvarAja' tarIke nahi, paNa "rAjA" tarIke, eTalo ane sudhAre jarUrI che. 36. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit., No 40 31. zaM. ha. dezAI, uparyukata, pR. 337; paNa varSa I.sa. 1373 nahi, paraMtu I.sa. 1384 joIe. 39. H. W. Bell, op. cit., p. 74, Commissariat, History of Gujarat, Vol. I, p. 54 33. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit, No. 48. (mAsAhi...vAtAhikamo: zabda nedha pAtra che.) 38. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit., No. 49 35. Ibid, No. 51 36. Ibid, No. 52 37. Ibid, No. 53 38. zaM, ha. dezAI, uparyukta, pR. 344 para "jUnAgaDha' lakhe che, paNa e "vaMthaLI che. 39. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cih, No. 64 40. Ibid., No. 64 41. Ibid., No. 65-97 42. zaM. ha. desAI, uparyukta, pR. 348 43. H. W. Bell, op. cit., p. 75; zaM. ha. desAI, uparyukta, pR. 347 44. A rAjavInuM nAma kaI jagyAe "chatrasAla ane koI jagyAe kRSNadeva' maLe che. 45. zaM. ha. dezAI. uparyukta, pR. 351 46. marI-mAthe AnAthI juduM jaNAve che: ___ yo'hammadasuratrANaM nijadurgagrahAgatam / / nyagrahIda vyagrahIttena tatsarvasvaM samagrahIt // (1-88) 48. za". ha. dezAI, uparyukata, pR. 351 49. ejana, pR. 35ra 8. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit., No, 67 50. "kiMjharakeTane DisakaLakara bhAvanagara jillAmAM taLAjAnI dakSiNe bAra mAila upara AveluM "jhAMjhamera hovAnuM kahe che, je atyAre umarALA mahAla (ji. bhAvanagara)mAM che. jUnAgaDha jillAmAM jhAMjhariyA (tA. unA), jhAMjharaDA (tA. jUnAgaDha), jhIMjharI (tA. mANAvadara), jhaMjhArapura (tA. mALiyA-hATInA), jhIMjhuDA (meMdaraDA mahAla). ATalAM gAma che, temAMnuM koI A hovAnI vadhu zakyatA che, 49. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit., No. 68 42. Idid., No. 69 53. Idid, No. o 48. Idid., No. 71 55. marsIja-marAkrAnca -18. hakIkate yuvarAja mAMDalike ene harAvyo hato. 56. zuM. ha. desAI, uparyukta, pR. 358-359

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1. samakAlIna rA 49. D. B. Diskalkar op. cit., No. 76 58. maveI-maThThAvya -6 thI 22 59. ke. kA. zAstrI, "narasiMha mahetA-eka adhyayana', pR. 172 60. A kRti je. bI. caudharI nAmanA vidvAne 'Contribution of Women to | Sanskrit Series, Calcutta, 1950PnA trIjA graMthamAM aMgrejI anuvAda sAthe prasiddha karela che. 6. dvAra-vata 1-2 62. 2. bhI. jeTa, gujarAtane sAMskRtika itihAsa'; khaMDa-2, pR. 57-4 63. zaM. ha, dezAInA jaNAvyA pramANe A "mahAbaliyA" che (uparyuMkata, pR. 363 364). emaNe e sthAna prabhAsa pATaNa najIka sutrApADAthI traNa mAIla dUra Avela mahAbala" sUcavyuM che. e sthAna jUnAgaDhathI ADedhaDa aMtare80 mAila dUra haze. A sthaLe vAjA ThAkoranuM zAsana hatuM. A sthAna paheluM lIdhuM hoya te mahamada ghoghA mahuvA UnA koDInArane mArge Avyo saMbhave, e matalabanuM eo jaNAve che, paraMtu mAMDalika paNa tyAM hoya evuM sAhacarya thI lAge che, eTale A "mahAbaliyA ke "mahAbilA, 2. lI. neTa (uparyukta, pR. 574) mAne che te pramANe, giranAramAMnuM ja koI sthAna lAge che; mahAvisTa eTale ke maDha ketara' e artha gIca pahADIne vistAra nideze che. 64. juo pAchaLa pR. 90-91. 65. 2. bha. joTa, uparyukta, pR. 55 upara pAdaTIpamAM jaNAve che ke "mUrtipUjAne ullekha karyo che te spaSTa nathI.' paraMtu hakIkate kawsIva-mahAkAvyanA sarga 10mAmAM jaNAvyA pramANe dAmodara kuMDa upara AvelA dAmodarajInI stuti tarIke 14 zloka (28 thI 40) mAMDalikanA mukhamAM mUkyA che e jotAM pUrA damAmathI e rAdhA-dAmodarajInI pUjA karavA jato hoya enuM muslima tavArIkhee kathana karyuM haze. 66. juo pAchaLa pR. 91. 67. zaM. ha. desAI; uparyukata, pR. 164, 379; zaM, ha. dezAI, jUnAgaDha ane giranAra, | pR. 48 68. 2. bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, pR. 582-83; J. Chaube, History of Gujarat Kingdom, pp. 53 ff. rA' mAMDalikanA patananA viSayamAM cAraNiyANI nAgabAI ane maMtrI vIzaLanI patnIne bhaSTa karyAnAM kAraNe lokakathAomAM vahetAM thayAM che, paraMtu e evAM patanenI pAchaLa lokomAM vahetI thatI lokavAyakAothI vizeSa mahattvanAM nathI. 69. kArakI-mahAvya 10-81 70. Bayley, History of Gujarat, p. 193, n. I; 2. lI. jeTa, uparyukta, 5. 185

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200] saltanata kAla [31. 71. zaM. ha. dezAI, uparyukta, pR. 537. zrI. dezAI A va'zone paNa jUnAgaDhamAM rahelA kahe che. 72. jue graMtha 4, pR. 148. 73. 4. kA. pAThaka, "makaradhvajavazI mahIpamALA", pR. 127 74. ejana, pu. 137 76. ja. kA. pAThaka, uparyukata, pR. 137-138 : sa. 1416 ane sa. 1448 77. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit., No, 43 79. zrI aeDuMbhAI atri ane DaoN. pravINa parIkha 78. Idid., No. 48 dhUmalInA rANA rAmadevajInA samayanA zilAlekha' 'UminavaracanA"--TTIpAtsavI aMka, 1905, pR. 448 8. D. B. Diskalkar op. cit., No. 85 75. D. B. Diskalkar; op. cit., No. 26 81. kAThiyAvADa gejheTiyaranI vaMzAvaLImAM rANA bhANajI (I. sa. 1461-92), pachI rANA rAjI (I.sa. 1492-1525) ane rANA khImeAjI (I.sa. 1525-1550) maLe che.jue Bombay gaztteer, Vol. VIII, (Kathiawad) pp. 625-626. . 82. zrI TubhAI atri ane DaoN. pravINabhAI parIkha, uparyuM`kata, pR. 449 peArakhaTTaranA zAMtinAtha jinAlayanA saM. 1691-I.sa. 163pa nA zilAlekhamAMnI va...zAvaLI pramANe)--jue phAma sa traimAsika"mAM pArabaMdaranA zAMtinAtha-jinAlayanA e zilAlekhA' (zrI tri. e. zAha, zrI maNibhAI veArA, zrI madhusudana DhAMkI )-- varSa 30, pR. 173-176. 83. ja. kA. pAThaka, upayuta, pR. 140-141 84. ejana, pR. 143 85. ejana, pR. 143-144 86. D. B. Diskalkar op, cit., No., 36, A uparAMta prabhAsathI 12 mAila dUra AvelA kheAsanagAmanI vAvaneA uparanA lekhanI tithithI cAra divasa pahelAMnA lekha maLyA che temAM paNa lama sattA upara che, jue zi'kara pra. zAthI, prabhAsa pATaNanA vAjA rAjavaMzanA itihAsa', "Umi navaracanA' aMka 502, pR. 728, 87. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit., No. 35 88. zaM. ha. desAI, uMcu kata pR. 330 89. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit., No. 45 90. Ibid, No. 60 91. Ibid., No. 62 92. Ibid., No. 62 93. ga. va. AcAya, gujarAtanA aitahAsika lekhA'; bhAga 3, naM. 225--ma, pR. 219 94. ke. kA. zAstrI, saurASTranI aitihAsika nagarIe-mAMgarALa sAra4' pU. 27-28 95. zaM. ha. dezAI, ukhyu`kata, pR. 335; jue pAchaLa pR, 39.

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7 muM]. samakAlIna rAje ri01 96. ke. kA. zAstrI, uparyukata, 5. 94 7. ejana, pR. 44 8. ejana, pR. 68 99, vaDodarA-prAcya vidyAmaMdira ha, pra. naM. 1208 AI (saM. 1545 I.sa. 1469); (Cataloge of Sanskrit and Prakrit Manuscripts, Part III, L, D. Series No. 15)-No. 6924, p. 438 100 indravadana na. AcArya, "saurASTramAM jhAlA rAjavaMzanA zAsanane ItihAsa (hara pALa makavANuthI I.sa1948 sudhI) (aprakaTa mahAnibaMdha) (rajU karyA varSa 1975), pR. 71-79 11. D. B. Diskalkar, op, clA, No. 59 102. Ibid, No. 59 103. vigato mATe juo pAchaLa, 5, 74-76. 104, Journal of Gujarat Research Society, Vol, 32, No, 4, pp. 129 f, A lekhamAM nhA jayakarNa (jetasiMha) che. lekha saM. 1474 nA piSa vadi zukravAra tA. 24121417)ne che. 204. D, B, Diskalkar, op. cit., No. 86 106. zaM, ha, dezAI, uparyukta, pR. 476-77 107. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit, No 89 108. Ibid, No. 93. rANA mAnasiMhanA samayanA cAra zilAlekha maLyA che. emanA haLavadanA lekhanI e viziSTatA che ke emAM raNamala-zatruzalya jitA jitasiMha) raNavIra-bhIma-vAgharAjadhara-rANiga ane mahArANA mAnasiMha evo rAjavIone kama apAya che. (saM. 1583-I.sa. 157no lekha). 19. Ibid, No 94 50. Ibid, No 96 111. Ibid, No 86 11ra. kAThiyAvADa sarvasaMgraha', pR. 53-541 113. ejana, pR. 53-514 114. abujhaphara nadavI. "raNamalla chaMda ane teno samaya, pR. 5, 8, 14 114. The Delhi Sultanate, p. 330 116. Commissariat, op cir, pp. 53-54; juo pAchaLa, pR. 43. 117. juo pAchaLa pa. 74 76, 81. 158. Commissariat, op cit, p. 129; juo pAchaLa pR. 85. 19. juo pAchaLa, pR. 106-107 120. juo pAchaLa, pR. 107-108, 12. ra. bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, pR. ka6; juo pAchaLa pR. 80. caMdramauli maM. majamUdAranA jaNAvyA pramANe A laDAImAM caMbakadeve muslima senAne zikasta ApI eTale ahamadazAha mArga badalI saMkheDA tarapha

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202] satanata kAla jhi, thI mALavA tarapha cAlyo gayo ane I.sa. 1421 nA aMtabhAgamAM ahamadazAha pharI vAra caDI Avyo. A vakhate 13 mAsa jeTalo ghero rahyo, paNa caMbakadeve macaka na ApI ane ahamadazAhane pAchuM cAlyA javuM paDayuM, paraMtu emaNe emanA A vidhAna mATe koI AdhAra TAMkyA nathI. (juo caMdramauli ma. majamadAra, gujarAtanA pAvApati cauhANa', 'pathika" varSa-1, aMka 1-2 5. 64-65) 122, mastrI-Agya jenI racanA ghaNuM karIne e ja gaMgAdhara kavie e kAvyanI pUrve cAMpAneramAM rahIne karelI. vAtAvavikAsa nATamAM nAyaka tarIke cItarelA A rAjavIne pazvara (aMka 1, zloka 2, 5. 4) ane vAra (leka 27 vagere, 5. 4 vagere) kahela che, 123, A varNana cothA ane navamA aMkamAM Ave che. juo ejana, 5. 34 ane 5. 72 vagere, vaLI juo pAchaLa 5. 85. 124 ejana, 5. 34 125, juo pAchaLa, 5. 94-95. 126. ra, bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, 5. 623630, juo pAchaLa 5, 95. 27. 2. bhI, joTa, uparyukata, 5. 630-631

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prakaraNa 8 rAjyataMtra 1. dilhI saltanata nIcene vahIvaTa dilhI salatanatanI sattA nIcenA gujarAtanA vahIvaTItaMtra bAbatamAM ema jaNAya che ke je zAsanapaddhati ane rAjakIya saMsthAo bhAratamAM vikAsa pAmI ane adAlata vagerenI je rItinIti ane je kAyadA pracalita rahyAM te sarvamAM IrAnI zAsanapaddhati ane paraMparAnuM keTaleka aMze anukaraNa hatuM. alabatta, emAM sthAnika lokonI cAla paristhitine anusarIne pheraphAra karavAmAM AvyA hatA. vahIvaTanI bhASA vahIvaTa phArasI bhASAmAM cAlatA hatA. bhinna bhinna saMsthAonAM khAtAMemAM amaladAra varga ane anya karmacArIonA padanAM nAma paNa phArasI bhASAmAM ja hatAM. saltanatakAla pUro thaye, mughala saltanata AvI ane gaI ane briTiza zAsanano vahIvaTa AraMbhAya te pachI lAMbA samaya parvata e bhASA vahevAramAM cAlu rahI hatI. mahihahInA sulatAnane vahIvaTa dilhInA sulatAnane rAjyavahIvaTa saramukhatyArazAhI paddhatithI cAlato hato. bAhya rIte jotAM sulatAna pitAnI salatanatanuM taMtra islAmanA usUle anusAra calAvato hato, paraMtu vastutaH enI marajI e ja kAyado hato. enI sattAne adhikAra reyatane jAnamAla upara paNa pravartate hate. sulatAna alAuddIne hiMdu rAjAo pAsethI navA jItelA pradezamAM lazkarI hAke nImyA hatA, teo paikIne gujarAtane eka pradeza hato. ahIMne lazkarI hAkema nAjhima (eTale ke vyavasthApaka) kahevAte. e kaMIka aMze briTiza rAjya daramyAnanA bhAratamAM vAIsareyanA jevo hoddo hato. nAjhimenI hakUmatane vistAra gujarAta pradeza jItyA bAda sulatAna alAuddInanA samayamAM ene vahIvaTa murilamAe zarU karyo tyAre pradeza astavyasta hAlatamAM hato. aNahilavADa

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20] salatanata kAla pATaNanA hiMdu rAjAo potAnI sattA nIcenA pradeza upara vyavasthita rItano vahIvaTa sAcavI zakyA na hatA ane sarahadI pradezo emanA kabajA heThaLa rahyA na hatA. rAjadhAnIthI dUranA ThAkora ane jamInadAro vataMtra thaI gayA hatA. pahADo ane jaMgalamAM temaja kAMThA upara vasatA bhIla ane kaLIo tophAne caDyA hatA. e vakhate Abu pahADanI uttarethI tathA jAloranI dakSiNathI mAMDI TheTha muMbaI najIka sudhI ane mALavA ane khAnadezanA pahADanI paTTInI sarahadathI mAMDI pazcima kinArAnA cheDA sudhI pradeza gujarAta gaNAto hato. khalajI sulatAne pachI tugalaka sulatAnanA amala nIce gujarAta AvyuM tyAre emanI hakUmata dakSiNe thANa sudhI, uttare AvelA dhoLakA ane dhaMdhukAthI mAMDI samudranA kinAre kinAre somanAtha sudhI ne pachI zirehInI hadanI nIcethI mAMDI mevADa, khAnadeza ane nAzikanA pradezanI sImA sudhI hatI ne pazcimamAM jhAlAvADa ane soraTha emanA tAbA nIce hatA. kacacha ane saurASTrane moTo bhAga khalajI temaja tugalaka sulatAnanI hakumata bahAra rahyo hato. chelle nAjhima jhapharakhAna je bhAga upara hakUmata karato hato te ghaNo ja nAno hato. eka tarapha jAlera ane zirohInAM svataMtra rAjya hatAM. IDaranA rAjAnA tAbAmAM pahADanI pazcima bhAga hatuM ane ene bAkIno bhAga bhIle ane kALIonA kabajAmAM hatA. tyAM keTalAka rAjapUta ThAkoronAM nAnAM rAjya hatAM. saurASTranA dvIpakalpano moTo bhAga keTalIka hiMdu jAtionA kabajAmAM hato. pUrvamAM cAMpAnerano kille eka rAjAnI sattA nIce hato. jhapharakhAna gujarAtanA dakSiNanA bhAga upara kabajo dharAvato na hato. mALavA ane khAnadeza ene khaMDaNI ApatA hatA. nAjhima dilhIne sulatAna nAmAMkita amIrAmAMthI nAjhamanI nimaNUka karato hate. pradezamAM e saMpUrNa sattA bhogavato hato. sarahadonuM rakSaNa karavuM ane AMtarika vyavasthA jALavavI e enI mukhya pharaja hatI. pradezamAMthI mahesUla ugharAvI vahIvaTI kharca bAda jatAM je kaMI rahetuM te keMdranI tijArImAM e mokalI Apato hato. Ama e ulamAo, sainike, muslima ane mulakI karmacArIonI saMbhALa rAkhavAnuM, loko sukhI rahe ane khetIvADIne uttejana maLe e mATe pagalAM levAnuM ane kAyadA kAnUnanuM pAlana thAya ane sulehazAMti jaLavAya e bAbatanI kALajI rAkhavAnuM e prakAranI enI pharaje hatI. mULa te nAjhimane vetana peTe jAgIra maLatI hatI, paraMtu pAchaLathI sulatAna alAuddIna khalajIe e niyama radabAtala karyo hato,

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rAjyataMtra 205 kAraNa ke jAgIranI vyavasthAne laIne nAjhima mAladAra thaI jAya te taka maLatAM baLavo kare evo khatare ene jaNAyo hato. AnA pariNAme sulatAna phIrojhazAha tugalukanA samaya sudhI keI nAjhimane sulatAna taraphathI jAgIra maLI na hatI. e sulatAne nAjhimane jAgIra ApavAnI prathA pharIthI dAkhala karI hatI. nAjhima pAse keMdranuM thaDuM lazkara rahetuM hatuM ane e sthAnika phene paNa rAkhato hato. azAMtinA samayamAM sipAhAlArone lazkara sAthe nA pharamAnathI jyAM jarUra paDe te pradezamAM mokalavA paDatA ane eNe pote paNa javuM paDatuM. keTalIka vAra ene lakara ekatra karavAnI kAmagIrI paNa soMpavAmAM AvatI hatI ane e karavAmAM teo jamInadAranI madada letA hatA. ema karI kedrIya sarakArane bane teTalI lazkarI madada teo mokalatA hatA. zaktizALI hoya te nAjhima pitAnI pharajamAM vaphAdAra rahetA hatA ane raiyatanAM hitamAM kAma karatA hatA, eTale ke sulatAnanI zakti ke nabaLAI upara gujarAtanA vahIvaTItaMtrano AdhAra rahyo hato. nAjhimenI badalI vAraMvAra thatI hatI, AthI kAInA amala sArI rIte jAmato na hato. keTalIka vAra jano nAjhima navA AvanAra nAjhimanI sAme thaI jato ane teomAM mahAmahe laDAI TeTA paNa thatAM hatAM. A kAraNathI nAjhimonA zAsana daramyAna vahIvaTamAM samatolapaNuM sacavAyeluM jovAmAM AvatuM nathI. pradezamAM hiMdu rAjAo, ThAkora, rAjapUta jamInadAro ane koLI tathA bhIlonI saMkhyA moTI hatI. rAjAo ane ThAkora pezakaza ane kharAja mokalatA rahetA tyAM sudhI emano vahIvaTa zAMtipUrvaka cAlato hato, paraMtu saltanata mATe nAjhimo emanI jAgIro ane jamIna potAnI kabaje karatA tyAre teo emanI sAme thatA ane baMDa karatA. teo khAlasA gAmone kanaDagata karatA rahetA hatA, AthI khetIvADIne nukasAna thatuM hatuM ane prajAnI halita parezAna rahetI hatI. nAjhimonI pherabadalInA pariNAme lokonA jIvana vyavahAramAM koI khAsa parivartana AvatuM na hatuM. teo ekabIjAnI madadathI rojabarojanAM nAnAM moTAM kAma ukelatA hatA ane vahIvaTa calAvatA hatA. | gujarAtamAMnA geramuslimo taraphanA nAjhimenA valaNane AdhAra vizeSa karIne emanA aMgata svabhAva upara raheto hato. sulatAnanA mAnItA thavA mATe teo vividha rIto ajamAvatA hatA ane islAmane pracAra karavAnA prayatna paNa karatA hatA. temAMnA keTalAke baLajabarIno upayoga paNa karyo hato ane maMdironA - sthAne masjide caNAvI hatI.

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206] satanata kAla pri A kAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM eka pachI bIjo ema aDhAreka jeTalA nAjhima AvyA hatA, teomAMthI alpakhAna, maleka dInAra jhapharakhAna, maleka tAjuddIna tuka, nijhAmumuka jUnA bahAdura turka, jhapharakhAna ra je (uphe dariyAkhAna) ane phaItumulkane gujarAtanI sthAnika prajA pratye sahAnubhUti hatI ane emaNe teomAM sulehazAMti jALavI rAkhavAne banyA teTalA prayatna karyA hatA. emaNe vepArarojagAra ane kenI rIti-nItinI unnati ane pragati thAya ema karavA bAbatamAM ThIka ThIka bhAga bhajavyo hato. nAjhima-kAlamAM vahIvaTa vahIvaTanI daSTie e kAlamAM pradezanA be varga hatA : eka hato khAlasA pradezane, jeno vahIvaTa keMdrIya sattA nIce cAlato hato. enI tamAma javAbadArI nAjhimanA zire hatI. bIje varga hato Azrita rAjAone. potapotAnAM rAjyomAM teo svataMtrapaNe rAjya karatA hatA ane saltanane mukhyatve karIne nANurUpe khaMDaNI ApatA hatA. jarUra paDaze lazkaranI madada tarIke paNa khaMDaNI vasUla thatI hatI. teo khaMDiyA thatAM enI zaratone AdhIna rahIne emaNe khaMDaNI ApavAnI hatI ane nahIM ke jamInanI upayogitAnA AdhAre. emanI AMtarika bAbatamAM teo dilhInI sarvopari saltanatanA aMkuzamAMthI bilakula mukta hatA. khaMDaNI vasUla karavA uparAMtanI koI bIjI Dakhala nAjhima taraphathI emane thatI na hatI. nAjhima sulatAnanA sIdhA aMkuza nIce hato. enA hAtha nIce tamAma khAtAomAM kedra sarakAra taraphathI nAyabonI nimaNUka karavAmAM AvatI hatI. emanI hAjarI pradezamAMnA khAtA upara dAba rAkhatI hatI. e prAdezika khAtAMone vahIvaTa keMdranI rAjyavyavasthAnI pratikRtirUpe hatA. dilhI pAyatakhtAmAMnA tamAma vacharo pradezamAMnAM pitapatAnAM khAtAMo upara cAMpatI dekharekha rAkhatA hatA; jemake prAdezika lazkarI khAtuM sthAnika ArijhanI nIce rahetuM ane e kedranA ArijhalakumAlikane javAbadAra raheto. pradezanA vibhAga hatA te zikaka nAme oLakhAtA hatA. enI upara je amaladAra nibhAte hato te "zikadAra" kahevAto hato. e lazkarI amaladAra hato. e pachI nA ekama gAmanA samUhane hato te paganA nAme oLakhAto hato. paraMganAmAM Amila ane muzaripha (ke amIna ke munsi), be kArakuna" ane "kAnUnaga' mukhya karmacArIo hatA. "paraganAnA vahIvaTano vaDe saMcAlaka "Amila' hato. muzaripha karaverAnI AkAraNI karanAra mukhya

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8 muM) rAjyataMtra 20. amaladAra hato. mahesUla ugharAvIne muzariphane sepavAmAM AvatuM. kArakune paganA aMgenI mAhitInI neMdha rAkhatA ane kAnUnago' pAka ane AkAraNInAM pAchalAM varSonAM daphatara sAcavatA. "dharI kheDUtonA pratinidhi hato. e emanI paristhiti ane mAgaNI aMge vahIvaTI taMtrane vAkepha rAkhato hato. sauthI nAno ekama gAmaDuM hato. ene vahIvaTa paMcAyata karatI hatI. dareka gAmamAM eka "mukhI' raheto, jenI mAraphata e gAmanA vahIvaTanuM saMcAlana thatuM ane tyAMne "paTavArI khetI pAka AkAraNI ane rAjyane bharapAI karavAnI rakama e sarvano hisAba rAkhato. aNahilavADanA hiMdu rAjAo je rIte mahesUla vasUla karatA hatA te ja pramANenI paddhati cAlu rahI hatI. e mahesUla pAkanA hirasA-rUpe levAnuM hatuM, e uparAMta jakAta, mAlanI heraphera, vepAradhaMdhA vagere upara paNa karaverA ugharAvatA hatA. jamInanA kasa mujaba mahesUlano dara ochovato raheto, paraMtu pAkanA trIjA bhAgathI vizeSa ane pAkanA chaThThA bhAgathI nIce bhAgyeja rahe hatA. pradezanA keTalAka bhAgomAM jamInadAre ApanAne hisso kheDUto pAsethI maMtrI (eTale ADatiyA) mAraphata sIdho vasUla karavAmAM Avato hato ane keTalAka bhAgomAM moTA jamInadAro bhArata e ekatra karavAmAM AvatA hatA. jamIna saMbaMdhI jhaghaDAonA pheMsalA mahesUlI amaladAra karatA hatA. teo mukhyatve karIne hiMduo hatA. grAmapaMcAyate gAmamAM upasthita thatA jhaghaDAone nikAla karatI hatI. pradezanI Avaka gujarAtanA pradezanI Avaka nAjhima nijhAmumuka jUnA bahAdura turka (I.sa. 1350)nA samayamAM be karoDa TaMkAnI hatI. enA baMne uttarAdhikArIo jhapharakhAna 1 (I.sa. 1362-1311-72) ane jhapharakhAna 2 je (urphe dariyAkhAna) (I. sa. 1371-72-1374) nA samayamAM be eTalI ja cAlu rahI hatI. 2. gujarAtanI svataMtra satanatane vahIvaTa pradezane vistAra AraMbhanA sulatAne (I.sa. 1403-1450)e pitAnuM zAsana daDha ane majabUta rAkhavA upara ja pitAnuM dhyAna kendrita karyuM hatuM. emaNe emanA rAjyanI hadane vizeSa pramANamAM vistArI na hatI. e pachI I.sa. 1530 sudhImAM

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saltanata kAla mi, thayelA sulatAnane pradeza dhIme dhIme vRddhi pAmyo hato, jene laIne khAnadeza ane mALavAnA sulatAnanA kabajAmAM pUrva ane IzAnanA je pradeza hatA te emaNe emanI sattA nIce laI lIdhA hatA. e pachInA I.sa. 1573 sudhInA gALAmAM rAjyamAM je aMdhAdhUMdhI ane arAjaktA phelAI tene laIne khAnadezanA pazcima bhAga ane kaMkaNane uttara bhAga gujarAtanI satatanatanI hadamAMthI bahAra nIkaLI gayA. gujarAtanI uttaranI sImA upara zirohI ane jAloranA rANAonAM rAjya hatAM. teo pAse gujarAtane sulatAna keI koI vAra khaMDaNI udharAvate. IDarane rAjapUta rAjA pahADo ane jaMgalonA pradezanI pazcimanI sImA upara kabaje dharAvate hato ane e hadamAM bAkInI paTTI bhIla ane koLI jAtionA kabajAmAM hatI. pazcimanA dIpaka65 navathI dasa jeTalI hiMdu jAtionA hAthamAM hatuM. teo moTe bhAge khaMDaNI bharanArA hatA, paraMtu teo koI paNa rIte saltanatane tAbe rahetA na hatA. I.sa.nI paMdaramI sadInA pAchalA bhAga ane soLamI sadInA prathama caraNa daramyAna sulatAnanI sattA zikhare hatI tyAre emanI salatanatane pradeza pacIsa jeTalA vibhAgomAM vaheMcAyela hato. dareka vibhAga "sarakAra" kahevAto. e vibhAjana nIce mujaba hatuM : madhya bhAgamAM (1) naDvaravAlA, (pATaNa), (2) amadAvAda, (3) suMtha, deg (4) godharA, (5) cAMpAnera, (6) vaDedarA, (7) bharUca, (8) nAMdoda (rAjapIpaLA) ane (9) surata uttara dizAmAM : (1) zirohI, (2) jAlera, (3) jodhapura ane (4) nAgara agni khUNAmAM H (1) naMdarabAra, (2) muhera (bAgalANa) ane (3) rAmanagara (dharamapura) IzAna khUNAmAM H (1) DuMgarapura ane (2) vAMsavADA dakSiNa dizAmAM (1) daMDArAjapurI (jaMjIrA), (2) muMbaI, (3) besIna (vasaI) ane (4) damaNa pazcima dizAmAM : seraTha ane (2) navAnagara vAyavya khUNAmAM : (1) karacha sulatAnane vahIvaTa gujarAtanI svataMtra salatanatanA AraMbha kAlamAM kayA prakArano vahIvaTa cAlate hato e jANavA vyavasthita sAdhano nathI. je ullekha maLe che temAMthI Apa

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rAjya khuda sattA daramyAna je bIje banatuM hoya tenAthI vizeSa kaMI hoya evuM jANavA jevuM maLatuM nathI. gujarAtanI svataMtra sahatanatanA vahIvaTItaMtrano AraMbha sulatAna ahamadazAhanA samayamAM thayuM hatuM. e mujaba kedrIya vyavasthAmAM sulatAna pAse sarvopari sattA hatI. IslAma ane ulamAonuM varcasa darabAramAM vizeSa rahetuM hatuM. ApakhudI dimAga ane majahabI custatAnuM mizraNa e sattAmAM rahetuM hatuM. vahIvaTamAM madada karavAne sulatAna pAse vacharAnuM eka maMDaLa rahetuM hatuM temAM mahattvano hodo "nijhAmumukIne hato. sulatAnanI gerahAjarImAM sarvasattAdhIzapaNe e AkhA rAjyano vahIvaTa saMbhALato hato. rAjayanA anya vacharo ane amaladAra enI sattA nIce rahIne potAnI pharaja bajAvatA hatA. vajIrane judAM judAM khAtAM sepivAmAM AvyAM hatAM, zAhajAdAone paNa mahattvanI pharajo soMpavAmAM AvatI hatI. kAryakSama vahIvaTa ane riyatanA sukhane AdhAra sulatAnanI lazkarI zakti ane vahIvaTI cAturI upara hatuM. je sulatAna amIra upara kAbU ane raiyata pratye udAratAbhareluM vartana rAkhI emanI saMbhALa rAkhato tenuM taMtra sArI rIte cAlatuM hatuM. amIro sulatAnanI zaktinA pramANamAM vaphAdAra rahetA hatA, AthI vahIvaTI-taMtranI sthiti hamezAM jokhama ane khatarAmAM rahetI ane sulatAnanI ja tAkAta ke nabaLAI para eno AdhAra raheto. sulatAna mATe haMmezAM saMbaMdhInA hAthe jhera apAvAna, takhta uparathI uthalI paDavAno, keda thavAne ke katala thavAne bhaya raheto hato, tethI enI pAse tAja, takhta ane zAna-zakti hevA chatAM enA dilamAM zAMti rahetI na hatI. nabaLA sulatAne emanA vajIranA ke mAnItA amIrAnA hAthamAM ramakaDAM samAna hatA. mahatvanI bAbato aMge sulatAna potAnA vizvAsu vacharo ke amIro sAthe ja masalata karato. sulatAna AgaLa phariyAda karavAne dareka vyaktine saiddhAMtika rIte haka hato. sarakArene vahIvaTa majakUra sarakArane vahIvaTa be rIte cAlato hato : e kAM to phoja sAthe joDAvA mATenI TukaDI nibhAvavA mATe amIrone ApavAmAM AvatI ane kAM te sulatAnanA pradeza tarIke enI judI vyavasthA karavAmAM AvatI. enA vahIvaTa mATe I-5-14

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210] : satanata kAla pagAradAra amaladAronI nimaNUka karavAmAM AvatI, te amaladAro "tahasIladAra" (khajAnacI) kahevAtA. emanI mukhya pharaja tyAM zAMti jALavavAnI ane tyAMnuM mahesula vasUla karavAnI hatI. tyAM vyavasthA jALavavA mATe amadAvAdanA lazkarI keMdramAMthI sainikonI eka TukaDI alaga rAkhavAmAM AvatI hatI ane eka amIranI saradArI nIce e kAma karatI hatI. e uparAMta dareka sarakAra mAM pradezanI viziSTatA ane tyAMnA lokonA mijAjane anulakSIne keTalIka kiTalebaMdhI chAvaNI rAkhavAmAM AvatI te "thANuM" nAmathI oLakhAtI. ene uparI amaladAra "thANadAra " kahevAta. tyAMnA killA upara dekharekha rAkhavA mATe koTavAla raheto hato. sarakAra upara hakUmata karanAra amIrane tAbe rahI eNe pharaja bajAvavAnI hatI. thANAmAM sthAnika lokomAMthI bharatI karAyelA sainikonI TukaDI rakSaNArthe rAkhavAmAM AvatI. emanA nibhAva mATe rAjya taraphathI rokaDa rakama uparAMta e thANunI AjubAjumAMthI thoDI jamIna judI rAkhavAmAM AvatI hatI. khaMDaNI ugharAvavA mATe pheja je pradezamAM jatI tyAMnI sarakAra upara hakUmata dharAvanAra amIra pitAnI thAnika TukaDI laI emAM joDAI jatA. e amAre tyAMnA khaMDiyA ThAkara ke jAgIradAra upara kaI paNa rIte kAbU dharAvI zakatA na hatA. | mahesUla ugharAvavAnI sagavaDa mATe dareka sarakArane amuka vibhAgamAM vaheMcavAmAM AvI hatI, te vibhAga paraganA' kahevAta. "paraganA" uparano amaladAra Amila" ke "tahasIladArakahevAta. enI mukhya pharaja potAnI sattA nIcenA paraganA mAMthI jamInanuM mahesUla ugharAvavAnI hatI. "paraganAnuM vibhAjana gAmamAM 11 karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM, e sauthI nAne ekama hatuM. sAmAnya rIte mahesUla pAkanA ardhA hissA jeTaluM hatuM. "Amila' ke tahasIladAra potAnI sattA nIcenAM gAmonA mukhIonI madadathI potAnI pharaja bajAvato raheto. uttara gujarAtamAM gAmaDAMonA mukhIo "paTela" kahevAtA. phArasI lekhakoe e mATe amukaddama' rAbdane upayoga karelo che. e gAmane pratiSThita mANasa hato. sarakArI karmacArIo enI mAraphata kheDUto sAthenuM kAma letA hatA. dakSiNa gujarAtamAM gAmaDAMnA mukhIo "desAI' kahevAtA hatA. ApavAnA mahelanI mAMga teo sAmUhika gAmone bhAgIdAromAM vaheMcI nAkhatA hatA ane chUTAM gAmomAM vyaktigata kheDUto pAsethI laIne ekatra karatA hatA. Amila" (tahasIladAra) "sarakAranA amaladAra "tahasIladAra (khajAnacI)ne enI sattAnIcenAM gAmanA hisAbano hevAla taiyAra karI mokalatA ane tahasIladAra e zAhI darabAramAM pahoMcADato. anya karmacArIo hatA muzaripha muhassila, gumAstA

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rAjyataMtra ri11 ane sarahaMga.12 muzarika tahasIladArano sahAyaka hato. e pAkanuM nirIkSaNa karato ane kheDUte sarakArane ApavAne hisso niSpakSapAtapaNe nakkI TharAvo. "muhasila" kheDUto pAsethI pAka ke rokaDathI mahesUla vasUla karate. "gumAsto" ADatiyo hato ane "sarahaMga caparAsInI peThe amaladAranA hukamo "mukaddamane pahoMcADato. khAlasA pradezamAM mahesUlI ane nANAkhAtA upara kAbU rahe e mATe sulatAna ahamadazAhe A khAlasA pradezonI sarakAronA tahasIladAra' ane "muzariphanI nimaNUkamAM evo sudhAro karyo ke "tahasIladAra' zAhI bedAo (eTale ke Azrita)mAMthI hoya ane muzaripha koI UMcA khAnadAnamAMthI hoya evI vyavasthA rAkhavI, kAraNa ke beu eka ja varganA hoya to ekabIjA sAthe maLI jAya, khaTapaTa kare ane aprAmANika ane bhraSTAcArI bane. "paraganAnA AlimanI nimaNuka bAbatamAM paNa e ja niyama lAgu pADavAnuM TharAvyuM hatuM. A niyama sulatAna mujhaphapharazAha 2 jA (halIma) (I.sa. 1511-15ra 5)nA samaya sudhI vyahavAramAM rahyo. e pachI vahIvaTamAM pheraphAranI prakriyA zarU thaI ane hisAba tapAsavAnI hitakAraka pravRtti tUTI paDI, gujarAtamAM aMdhAdhUMdhI phelAI ane baMDa ane bakheDA thayA. sulatAna ahamadazAhe vAMTAnA 14 jamInanI eka viziSTatA dAkhala karI hatI. e bAbatamAM evuM banyuM hatuM ke eNe jamIna pitAne kabaje karI levAnuM zarU karyuM tyAre je rAjapUto ane koLIo e vaMzaparaMparAgata dharAvatA hatA temaNe baMDa karyo ane teo tophAne caDayA. emaNe khAlasA gAmane kanaDavAnuM zarU karyuM, AthI khetIvADIne nukasAna thavA mAMDayuM ane tyAM vasatA lokonI parezAnI vadhI gaI. e saMkaTane aMta lAvavA ane jamInadAro sAmA thAya nahi ema karavA emanA jAmIna lIdhA ane evuM TharAvyuM ke emanI jamInane emaNe cotho bhAga emanI pAse khetI mATe rahevA de ane emaNe badalAmAM e sthaLanuM rakSaNa karavuM, cokiyAta pUrA pADavA ane sulatAnane jarUra paDe tyAre sevA ApavA taiyAra rahevuM. e emane Apele bhAga vAMTe" kahevAyo ane bAkInA traNa bhAga nakkI thayA te "taLapada' kahevAyA. 15 taduparAMta sthAnika paristhiti mujaba emanI jamInanI vIghA dITha amuka rakama salAmI tarIke ApavAnI paNa koLI ane rAjapUta ThAkaree kabUlAta ApI. A TharAvane pariNAme keLAo ane rAjapUto laDAIo karavAnuM choDI TharIThAma thayA ane sulatAnane vaphAdAra rahevA lAgyA. jamInadArInA badalAmAM nokarInA dhArAmAMthI teo chUTA thayA tyAre paNa pezakaza tarIkenI salAmInI rakama bharavAnI prathA cAlu rahI. hiMdu jamIna

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janala kAu dArone vAMTAne haka I.sa. 1545 sudhI cAlu rahyo ane e pachI sulatAna mahamUdazAha 3 jAe baLajabarI karI vAMTAnI prathA enA vajIra AsaphakhAnanI salAhathI baMdha karI ane rAjapUtanAM vatana (jamIna) ekAeka japta karI lIdhAM. Ama karavA pAchaLano hetu mahesUlamAM vRddhi karavAno ane kALIo ane rAjapUtone nabaLA pADavAno hato. hiMduo pratye A prakArane durvartAva zarU thaye tethI pradezamAM bhAre asaMtoSa phelAyo. - rAjyanI Avaka mahesUla uparAMta vepAra ane udyogo uparanA karaverAmAMthI sulatAnane sArI evI rakama maLatI hatI. e samaye gujarAtanAM baMdara mAraphata vepAra dhamadhokAra cAlato hato, jethI jakAta-verAmAMthI paNa mAtabara rakama rAjyane maLatI hatI. Azrita rAjyomAMthI khaMDaNI paNa sArA pramANamAM AvatI hatI. I.sa. paMdaramI sadInA uttarArdha ane soLamI sadInA AraMbhanA lagabhaga traNa dAyakA daramyAna gujarAtanI saltanata sarvocca zikhare hatI e samaye kula Avaka rU. 11,46,00,000 jeTalI hatI, je paikInI rAjyanI pacIsa sarakAromAMthI 17 jamInanA mahesUlanI Avaka rU. 5,84,00,000 jeTalI hatI. dakSiNanA rAjyomAMthI ahamadanagara burahAnapura varADa govaLakAMDA ane bIjApuranI khaMDaNIrUpe rU. 1,12,40,000 jeTalI rakama prApta thatI hatI, ane baMdaro uparanA jakAtaverAnI Azare rU. 449,60,000 nI rakama maLatI. 18 Ama kula Avakane AMkaDo bAra karoDa rUpiyA sudhI pahoMcato hato. lakara pradezamAM aneka sthaLoe lakaranAM thANuM hatAM. zAsanane surakSita rAkhavAnI temaja mahesUla ugharAvavAmAM madada karavAnI e be pharaja emanI hatI. pAyadaLa (jemAM tIraMdAjo paNa rahetA hatA), hayadaLa ane gajadaLa e lazkaranAM mukhya aMga hatAM. sarekhela" sauthI nIcI kakSAne lazkarI amaladAra hato. enA hAtha nIce dasa ghoDesavAra hatA. sipAhAlAranA hAtha nIce dasa "saMla' rahetA hatA. dasa sipAhasolAra upara eka amIrane, dasa amIra upara eka malekane ane dasa maleka upara eka khAnane, evA lazkarI hedA hatA. lazkaramAM asavarNa lokone zaMbhumeLe raheto hato. teomAM rASTrabhAvanA na hatI, paraMtu lazkarI amaladAre musalamAna hatA temanAmAM majahabI jhanUnanI lAgaNI vizeSa pramANamAM hatI.

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rAta sulatAna enA lazkarane sarvocca amaladAra hata. lazkaranA nibhAva ane enI vyavasthA tarapha e pite dhyAna ApatA hato. lazkarane cheDe bhAga bhADUtI sainikone rahetA hatA. emane rAjaya taraphathI ghoDA ApavAmAM AvatA hatA, paraMtu teo moTe bhAge pitAnA ghoDA tathA pitAnAM zo sAthe laDavA AvatA hatA. teonI TukaDI emanA saradAranA kAbU nIce rahIne laDatI hatI. salatanatanI zaktine AdhAra lazkara upara ja hato, tethI sulatAna ahamadazAhe sainikone saMtoSa ApavA bAbata upara pitAnuM dhyAna kendrita karyuM. e. mATe eNe rojanA ghaDI hatI (I.sa. 1430) : sainikone aDadhA pagArapeTe rokaDa rakama ane aDadhA pagAra peTe eTalI Avaka maLI rahe teTalI jamIna ApavAnuM eNe TharAvyuM. ema karavAnuM kAraNa e hatuM ke je pagAranI AkhI rakama rokaDa nANAmAM ApavAmAM Ave te sainiko e uDAupaNe kharca karI. vAparI nAkhe ane samaya upara kAma lAge tevI Avazyaka sAdhanasAmagrI, bacAve nahi, AthI pradezanA rakSaNa mATe jhajhumavAnuM Ave tyAre pitAnI kauTuMbika muzkelIonA kAraNe pradezanA hitano khyAla emanA dilamAM Ave nahi ane teo bedarakAra rahe, paraMtu aDadho pagAra jAgIra-rUpe maLavAthI Dhera uchere, baLataNa ghAsacArA dUdha dahIM dhI vagere paNa emane maLI rahe. ane khetI tathA makAna aMgenA kAmamAM teo rokAya tyAre emane lAbha thAya ane e potAnI milakta hovAnA saMbaMdhathI pradezanA saMrakSaNamAM dilathI prayatno paNa jarUra ja kare. e niyama sAthe sulatAne evuM paNa pharamAna bahAra pADayuM hatuM ke pagArano rokaDa bhAga dara mahine rAjyanI tijorImAMthI vinA vilaMbe niyamita sainikone e jyAM hoya tyAM pahoMcate rahe, jethI kAryakSama rahevAnuM hoya tyAre ene karaja na karavuM paDe ane samayasara jarUrI cIjo e meLavI zake. jAgIramAMthI Avaka AvatI rahetI hovAthI emane emanA kuTuMbanAM mANasanI khAdhAkhorAkInI ciMtA paNa rahe nahi.* A vyavasthAthI ghaNA phAyadA thayAH sainikomAM vaphAdArI vadhI gaI ane bharatInuM pramANa vizeSa thayuM. sulatAna mahamUdazAha (begaDA)nA samayamAM saunikAnI sagavaDamAM enAthI paNa vizeSa vadhAre karavAmAM Avyo ha; jemakera sainike laDAImAM avasAna pAme te

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214] saltanata kAla jhi enuM pada ane enI jAgIra ene putrane tarata ja maLe ane putra na hoya to enI aDadhI jAgIra putrIne maLe, ane e paNa na hoya to enAM Azritane bharaNapoSaNanI rakama bAMdhI ApavAnI vyavasthA thAya, evo niyama karavAmAM Ave. Ama karavAthI sainike niSThAthI laDavA lAgyA, zastra-saraMjAmamAM khAsa karIne talavAra, kamanda gujha(gadA), tIra-kamAna, nejo khaMjara jamadhara vagerene upayoga thato hato. e uparAMta maMjanIka nAmanuM eka jaMgI zastra killAo toDavA bhAre paththara pheMkavA mATe tathA emAM Aga cAMpavA tela pheMkavA mATe vaparAtuM hatuM. eno upayoga sulatAna mujhaphapharazAha 1 lAnA jamAnAmAM ghaNo thayo hato. sulatAna ahamadazAha 1 lAnA zAsanakALa daramyAna para AvyA pachI maMjanaka zastra bekAra banyuM hatuM. sulatAna mahamUdazAha 1 lAe killA toDavAnI tayA medAna upara vAparavAnI te uparAMta naukAkAphalAmAMnA upayoga mATe topa taiyAra karAvI hatI. ene laIne naukAkAphale e to majabUta thayo hato ke saurASTrathI malabAra sudhI dariyAI kinArAnuM rakSaNa thatuM hatuM. sulatAna bahAdurazAhe vividha prakAranI te taiyAra karAvI hatI. enA nAma uparathI 'bahAdurazAhI' nAmanI eka tapa paNa pracalita thaI hatI. naukAkhAtu e khAtuM viziSTa rIte noMdhapAtra hatuM. naukAdhyakSa amIrabahara' kahevAta. gujarAtanA lakaranuM eka mahatvanuM aMga enuM naukAsainya hatuM. e mATe yuddha jahAja gujarAtamAM ja bAMdhavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. jahAje traNa prakAranAM taiyAra thatAM hatAM : laDAyaka, vepArI ane sapharI. sauthI prathama dariyAI laDAyaka kAphalo taiyAra karAvanAra sulatAna ahamadazAha 1 le hato. khaMbhAtanA baMdarane e mATe keMdrasthaLa banAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. sulatAna mahamUdazAha (begaDA)e dariyAI laDAyaka kAphalAne ghaNo ja majabUta karyo hato. jahAje taiyAra karavA mATe eNe paNa khaMbhAta baMdara ja nakkI TharAvyuM hatuM. e ja sulatAnanA samayamAM laDAyaka jahAje upara topa mUkI ene zastrasajaja karavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. sulatAna bahAdurazAhanA samayamAM naukA-kAphalAnA khAtAno vizeSa vikAsa karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. porTugIjha ane tuka jevAM dareka prakAranAM jahAja khaMbhAtamAM bAMdhavAmAM AvatAM ane dIva beTane e mATe kaMsthaLa tarIke rAkhavAmAM Avela. jahAjo banAvavAnAM kArakhAnAM ghoghA khaMbhAta ane suratamAM meTA pramANamAM thayAM hatAM. irAkI sukI araba vagere paradezI musalamAna lokenI sahAyathI surata baMdara AbAda karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. e pachI khaMbhAtane akhAta

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8) rAjyataMtra ri5 meTA juvALathI purAI gayuM ane vahANone muzkelI paDavA mAMDI tyArathI vasaIthI mAMDI siMdha sudhInA kinArA upara dIva sauthI vizeSa sagavaDabhareluM baMdara rahyuM hatuM ane tethI mIrabaharanuM mukhya mathaka e banyuM hatuM. ene kAraNe mAladAra paradezI vepArIo tyAM AvIne vasyA hatA. gujarAtano vepAra surakSita rAkhavAmAM sauthI mahatvane bhAga enA naukAsainya bhajavyo hato. khitAbe gujarAtanA sulatAnanA samayamAM takhtanazInI thatI tyAre sulatAna amuka khitAbo apanAvatA hatA, je emanAM nAmo sAthe sikkAo ane pharamAnomAM umeravAmAM AvatA hatA; jemake sulatAna mujhaphapharazAha 1lA tathA 2 jAe "zakhududuniyAvadIna (A duniyA ane bIjI duniyAne sUrya), sulatAna muhammadazAha 1 le, sulatAna ahamadazAha 1la ane sulatAna mahamUdazAha 1le "nAsIrudaduniyAvadaddIna" (A duniyA ane bIjI duniyAmAM sahAyaka) ane sulatAna muhammadazAha 2 jAe "giyAsuduniyAvadaddIna" (A duniyA ane bIjI duniyAmAM sahAyaka) evA khitAba apanAvyA hatA. "Ajhame humAyuM' (barakata ApanAra mahAna) khitAba zAhajAdAone maLato hate. "khudAvaMdakhAna" ane "ImAMdulamuka sAmAnya rIte vajIrane enAyata thatA hatA. muhAphijhakhAna kesarakhAna" "aDha5khAna" nijhAmumuka "ulughakhAna" ane "AsaphakhAna jevA khitAba prathama kakSAnA amIrane ane basa jahAna" ane "khAne jahAna' jevA khitAba dvitIya kakSAnA amIrone ApavAmAM AvatA hatA. hiMduo mATe "rAva" "rAya" ke "rAyerAyAna mukarara karavAmAM AvyA hatA. e sarva enAyata thatA hatA sulatAna taraphathI, paNa e mATe siphArasa vaDe vachara karatA hatA. prathama ane dvitIya kakSAnA amIra ke jemane zAhI darabAramAM besavAne hakka hato te "majalisa" kahevAtA ane pada pramANe "majalise AlI majalise sAmI (ucca) majalise girAnI'(mAnanIya) vagere zabdone emanA nAma sAthe upayoga thato hato. sAmAnya rIte vacharonAM nAma sAthe "majalise AlI' ane sulatAnanA nAma sAthe masjade AlI' zabdono upayoga thato hate. hadA. sulatAna ahamadazAha hiMduomAM vizvAsa mUkI phojamAM emanI bharatI karanAra gujarAtano prathama sulatAna hatuM. e pachI e prathA cAlu rahI hatI. A uparAMta mahesUlI temaja anya mahatvanAM khAtAomAM emane UMcA hodA maLyA hovAnA ullekha maLe che.

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21] satanata kAla [, sAmAnya rIte sulatAna mukhya vachara jevA Toca uparanA heddAo sivAyanA bIjI paMktinA heddAo upara hiMduonI nimaNUka karatA hatA. kahevAya che ke sulatAna ahamadazAhanA pradhAnamaMDaLamAM mANekacaMda ane metIcaMda nAmanA 24 be vANiyAone samAveza thayo hato. sulatAna muhammadazAha 2 jAnA darabArI amIromAM sata vIrANuM nAma hiMdu hato, jenI salAha lete hate. taduparAMta nArAyaNadAsa ane sUradAsa nAmanA je be phAjI amaladAroe 25 IDaranI laDAImAM bhAga lIdho hato temanI darabAramAM bhAre pratiSThA hatI. suratamAM AvelAM aitihAsika yAdagAra gopIpurAne ane gopItaLAva baMdhAvanAra maleka gopI (mRtyuH I.sa. 1515)24 platAna mahamUdazAha begaDAnA zAsanakALa daramyAna bharUca ane suratane darogo tathA mutsadI rahyo hato ane e pachI pAchalA bhAgamAM vajIrapada sudhI pahoMcyo hato. e sulatAna mujhapharazAha 2 jAnA zAsanakAlanA AraMbhamAM betraNa varasa sudhI e pada upara cAlu rahyo hato. 27 sulatAna mujhapharazAhe ene malakano khitAba enAyata karyo hato. nyAya sAmAnya rIte jhaghaDAono nikAla islAmI kAnane mujaba thato hato eTale emAM kAjhInI salAhanI AvazyakatA rahetI hatI. adAlata khAtAmAM "kAjhI" kAjhIulakujhAta (kAjhIone kAjhI)" "sadulukujhAta (kAjhIono vaDe)"male kujhAtA (kAjhIone maleka)" evA hoddA hatA. jyAM sudhI e khitAba dharAvanAra vyakti hayAta rahetI athavA enA hedA upara cAlu rahetI tyAM sudhI e pada koI anyane maLatuM na hatuM. emane hoddA anusAra pagAra uparAMta jAgIra maLatI hatI. e hoddedAra tarIke marI gayA pachI e haddA upara AvanArane e jAgIra maLatI hatI, eTale ke e jAgIra vaMzaparaMparAgata maLatI na hatI. dAda-phariyAda mATe dareka zaheramAM eka muphatI ane eka kAjhI rahetA. phariyAdIne tyAMnA nyAyathI saMtoSa na thatA te e kAjhI-ula mujhAtane araja karatA ane aMtima apIla khuda sulatAna pAse thaI zakatI. sulatAna paNa potAnI bAbatamAM sAmAnya gunegAranI peThe kAjhInA pheMsalAne mAnya rAkhate ane kAjhI nyAyI vartana dAkhave evo Agraha rAkhato. gunAnI sajA mATe enA pramANamAM phaTakA mAravAnI, hAtha kApavAnI, kala karavAnI, phAMsIe laTakAvavAnI, topanA meM upara bAMdhIne uDAvI devAnI, cAmaDI utarAvavAnI, divAlamAM caNI devAnI vagere jogavAIo hatI. baMDakhere mATe ghaNI kaDaka sajA hatI, jevI ke laDAyaka hAthInA paga nIce chUMdAvavA enI sAme pheMkAvI devAnI.

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8 mu] rAtra 7i ItihAsakAra gujarAtanA sulatAnanA nyAya aMgenA prasaMgenuM vistAra pUrvaka varNana kare che. sAmAnya rIte InsAphanI bAbatamAM lagabhaga badhA ja sulatAnene niSpakSa cItarelA hovAnuM jaNAya che, paraMtu samagra dRSTie nIrakhavAmAM Ave te mAtra muslima yita tarapha evuM vartana hatuM ema kahevAmAM Ave to e yathArtha che. sulatAna ahamadazAha, sulatAna mahamUdazAha (begaDa), sulatAna mujhaphapharazAha 2 je vageree darzAvelI evI nyAyI vRttinA kirasI emanA zAsananI vigatamAM noMdhavAmAM AvelA che. jAhera vyavasthA rastAmAM cAra rastA upara zAMti jALavavA sipAIonI cakI rahetI. AkhA zaheramAM eka koTavAla raheto hato. enI sattA nIce sipAIo kAma karatA hatA. teo badamAsa ane coro bAbatamAM sAvacetI rAkhatA hatA. e sAthe eka bIjuM khAtuM prajAmAM sadAcaraNa jALavavA mATe cAMpatI dekharekha rAkhatuM hatuM. ene amaladAra "muhUtasiba" kahevAtA hatA. hAka gujarAtanI svataMtra saltanata pahelAM eka ThekANethI bIje ThekANe khabara pahoMcADavAnI vividha prakAranI vyavasthA hatI. sAMDhaNI uparAMta gheDA halakArA kabUtaro ane nagArAM vagADI e mAraphata khabara eka sthaLethI bIje sthaLe pahoMcADavAmAM AvatI. sulatAnanA samayamAM TapAla khAtA bAbatamAM koI vizeSa vikAsa thayo hoya evuM jaNAtuM nathI. e jamAnAmAM UMTa-savAra bhAraphata khabara pahoMcADavAmAM AvatI hatI. DAka mATenuM kedra amadAvAda hatuM. ene mukhya amaladAra "malekubarIda" ke "sAhebubarIdI hato. d'BRILM dilhI salatanatanI sattA nIce gujarAta hatuM tyAre dilahIne sulatAna sikkA pADI calaNamAM mUkato ane e upara potAnA nAma khitAba vagere kevarAvatA. sulatAna ahamadazAhanA zAsana daramyAna amadAvAdamAM paddhatisaranI pahelI TaMkazALAnI sthApanA thaI hatI. Ama chatAM amadAvAdanuM nAma dharAvatA bahu ja thaDA sikkA e samayanA maLelA che, ane je moTI saMkhyAmAM maLelA che te upara TaMkazALAnuM nAma nathI, e amadAvAdanA hovA joIe evuM manAya che. evo saMbhava che ke amadAvAdamAM TaMkazALa sthapAI tyAre e upara kadAca e sthaLanuM nAma rAkhavAmAM AvyuM na hoya. sulatAna ahamadazAhe I.sa. 1426 mAM vasAvelA ahamadanagara(AjanA hiMmatanagara)nA sikkA maLelA che, te upara e zaheranuM nAma che. Ama e sulatAnanA samayamAM be TaMkazALa thaI hovAnuM jaNAya che.

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satanata kAla khalajI ane tugaluka sulatAnanA samayamAM sikkAonAM nAma hatAM kulusa (pAI, deganI (aDadho), hasagAnI (be AnI), chatala (paisA), TaMka e sapheda (cAMdIne TaMke rUpiyA), kae tilAI (senAne -azaraphI). | gujarAtanA sulatAnee paDAvelA sikkAomAM dilhInA sikkAonI nakala hatI. sulatAna mujhapharazAha 1 le ane sulatAna muhammadazAha 1 le, sulatAna ahamadazAha 1 le ane sulatAna muhammadazAha ra je sudhI 'chatala" "TaMka e sapheda ane "saMka e tilAI calaNamAM hatA. e uparAMta nAnAmoTA vividha jAtanA tAMbAnA sikkA paNa e samayamAM jovA maLe che, paraMtu teonI kiMmatane aMdAja nIkaLato nathI.28 pArasIpa 1. je jamIna baLathI binamuslimo pAsethI jhuMTavI levAmAM AvatI, paraMtu pAchI mULa mAlikane soMpavAmAM AvatI te upara vero 2. zrIdhara vyAsa, 'raNamalla chaMda' 3. e sarakArI amaladAra hatA. e lazkara aMgenI tamAma bAbata upara dekharekha rAkhatA hato. e sainikonI bharatI karatA temaja emanA pagAra nakkI karatA. 4. giyAsIna varanI, "tAre jhIro varasAdI" (), pR. 471, 101 5. gujarAtImAM "paragaNuM $, Rasmala, Val. I, p 241 7. e sikkAnI kiMmata vAraMvAra badalAtI rahetI hatI, 8. zIrAne mapha, "tAre zIrorAhI (), . 221 6. Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Vol, I, Pt, 1, p. 218; zela guDhAma mudde muma rUAnI "tArI gurAta' (), . 128 10. sutha, vAMsavADAthI dakSiNa tarapha 10. gAma mATe arabI no moja) zabda vaparAto hato. 12, riyAna varanI, "tArI jhIro rANI', g. 187-86 13, "mAre sikaMdarI', 5 18. 14. hiMdI ghaTanA uparathI gujarAtImAM "vAMTavuM. ane e uparathI vAM. 15. "mitrAne bhamarI', jAtimA, 3. 229-24

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8 muM] rAjya ri19 16, mirgAte cIna pariziSTamAM dareka gAmanA vAMTA; pezakazInI rakama tathA reyata taraphathI hakanI rakama tathA kephiyata tarIke baLada ke ghaDA levAmAM AvatA te badhAnI vigatavAra yAdI ApavAmAM AvelI che. vAMTAnI jamIna mAphInI jamIna gaNAtI. jamInadAro pAsethI meTe bhAge lazkarI sevA levAmAM AvatI hatI. 99. Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Vol. I, Pt. I, p. 219 18. e pazcima gujarAtanAM 25 baMdaranI ane IrAnI akhAta ane arabI samudrane kAMThe AvelAM anya 26 baMdaronI Avaka hatI, Ibid, p. 219). 19, zera guNAma mudra, mite mumbarI', 6, 13Da 20, "mimmAte sirI', 9 pa7-18: 'mAte amarI', mA. 1, 48 2, niramAte sirI', g. 100 rara, bhAratamAM tapa pahelavahelI sulatAna alAuddIna khalajInA samayamAM AvI hatI. 23, jena sAhityamAM sulatAna ahamadazAhanA darabAramAM guNarAja saMdhavI, gadA maMtrI, karmaNa maMtrI evAM nAnAmoTA hoddA dharAvanArAonAM nAma maLe che (ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva jeTa, gujarAtane sAMskRtika itihAsa' "islAma yugara, khaMDa 2, pR. 353 nedha). 28, Rasmala, pt. 1, pp. 318 f. 25. mituqsUra', g. 12 (hastaprata, hajharata pIra muhammadazAha daragAha kutubakhAnA, amadAvAda) 25. M. S. Commissariat, Studies in the History of Gujarat, p. 180 27. "mitrAse sirI', g. 180 28, saltanatanA sikkAonI vadhu vigata mATe juo A pachInuM pariziSTa.

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pariziSTa saltanatanI TaMkazALA ane emAM paDAvelA sikkA prAstAvika gujarAta saltanatanA sikkA dilhI saltanata ke prAdezika saltanatAnA sikkAo karatAM kAI paNa rIte UtaratA nathI, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa amuka bAbatamAM AgavuM sthAna dharAve che, A sikkA cAre dhAtue-sAnu` cAMdI tAMSu' ane khilana (cAMdI-tAMbAnI mizrita dhAtu)mAM upalabdha che. AmAMthI mizrita dhAtumAM mahamadazAha 2 jA ane mahamUdazAha 1 lA sivAya bIjA kAI sulatAne sikkA paDAvyA hAvAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. gujarAtanA 14 sulatAne mAMthI atyAra sudhImAM 12 sulatAneAnA sikkA prApta thayA che. muhammadazAha 1 lA ane dAUdazAhanA eka paNa sikko haju sudhI maLye| nathI. A sulatAneAnA rAjyakAla TUMkA hovA chatAM emanA sikkA paDayA haze emAM zaka nathI, kemake sikkAne muslima rAjavIoe khutbA sAthe peAtAnA abAdhita ke vizeSa haka gaNyA haiI rAjyArAhaNa sAthe sikkA paDAvavAnuM kArya pahelu hAthamAM levAtuM, AthI bhaviSyamAM teeAnA sikkA maLI AvavAnI pUrI vakI che. prApya sikkAeAnA abhyAsa parathI ema kahevAmAM vAMdhA nathI ke gujarAtanI sikkA-paddhati prAra'bhamAM dilhInA tugaluka ane rasaiyada rAjAenI sikkA-paddhati para Avala bita hatI, paNa theADA samayamAM ja gujarAtanA sikkAoe peAtAnI viziSTatA dhAraNa karI lIdhI hatI. kaLAnI dRSTie A sikkA bhAratanA sikkAmAM UMce darajajo dharAve che. sulekhana, lakhAvaTanI vividha zailI temaja lakhANanI kalAmaya geAThavaNa, uparAMta sikkAnI geALAI upara vividha bhaumitika AkRtie, sAdA ke vacce khUNAdAra bAjuovALA ke vacamAM TapakAvALI me lITIenI bAjue vALA bhAtabhAtanA cArsa, vividha pAsAdAra temaja sAdI rekhA ke jhAlaravALI rekhAvALAM vartuLa vagere AArAnAM lakhANa-kSetromAM gujarAtanI kalApriyatA dRSTimecara JAya che. 1

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pari.] tanatanI TakazALe ane emAM paDAvelA sikkA riza AkAramAM salatanatanA sikkA gALa che. corasa sikkA paNa gujarAtamAM paDayA hoya ema mAnavAne kAraNa che. lakhANanI dRSTie paNa gujarAtanA sikakA nedhapAtra che. Ama to bhAratanA IslAmI sikkAonI jema A lakhANa vaSasaMkhyA ane TaMkazALanA nAma uparAMta sulatAnanA nAmanA traNa aMzonuM baneluM hoya che; lakaba(khitAba) kunya ane sulatAnanuM khAsa nAma, paNa sAthe sAthe gujarAtanA sikkAonA lakhANanI viziSTatAo paNa che. gujarAtanA abhilekhanI jema samagra bhAratanA muslima rAjavIonI sikkA-zreNImAM sulatAnanI pUrI vaMzAvaLI dAMtA lakhANavALo eka paNa sikko gujarAta sivAya bIje kayAMya prApta thaye nathI. ahamadazAha 1 lA ane 2 jA, mahamUdazAha 1 lA ane bahAdurazAha, ema cAra sulatAnanA sikkAomAM satanatanA Adya puruSa mujhapharazAha 1 lA sudhI pahecatI pUrI vaMzAvaLI ApavAmAM AvI che. lakhANanI evI bIjI viziSTatA pa-lakhANa che. bhAratanA pramughalakAlIna sikkAomAM prathama vAra mAtra gujarAtamAM ja phArasI padyamAM lakhANa jovAmAM Ave che. mujhapharazAha 3 jA nA sikkAomAM padyapaMktiovALuM lakhANa che. lakhANanI bIjI vividhatAmAM amuka sulatAnee potAnA mATe lakhANamAM kRpALu IzvaramAM AsthA dharAvanAra" ke "mahAupakArI IvaramAM AsthA dharAvanAra ke "kRpALu Izvara para AdhAra rAkhanAra ke IzvaranA TekA para avalaMbita' evAM sUtrone upayoga karyo che. gujarAtamAM sauthI prathama mahamUdazAha 1 lAe AvAM sanI prathA dAkhala karI. e pramANe bIjA amuka prAdezika sulatAnanI jema. sikkAomAM enA rAjayane "khilAphata"nuM biruda ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM, paNa khalIphA tarIke prathama spaSTa ullekha ahamadazAhanA 2 jAnA sikkAomAM che. mahamUdazAha 1 lAnA rAjyArohaNanA varSa mAM tAMbAnA sikkAo para A jAtane ulekha che, paNa eNe A satravALuM lakhANa tarata ja tajI dIdhuM hoya ema jaNAya che. e pachI bIjA koI sulatAne pitAne "khalIphA" kahevaDAvatuM lakhANa sikkAomAM prayukta karyAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. lakhANanI eka bIjI viziSTatA betraNa sulatAnanA sikkAo para, jeo emanA putra nahi, paNa najIkanA sagA tarIke emanA pachI gAdIe beThA, temanI sAthe saMbaMdha darzAvatA zabdone prayoga cheH mahamadazAha 1lAnA sikkA para catto svAda arthAta "kubazAhane bhAI ane ahamadazAha 8 jAnA sikkA para "vino mane mahamUgAdu arthAta "mahamUdazAhanA kAkAnA putra

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222 saltanata kAla ke pitarAI AnAM udAharaNa che. gujarAtanA sikkAonI bhAratanI sikkAzreNImAM saheja judI tarI Ave tevI bIjI eka viziSTatA e che ke senA ane cAMdInA sikkAonuM lakhANa tAMbAnA sikkAo mATe paNa vAparavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. mahamUdazAha 1 lA, mujhaphapharazAha 2 jA, mahamUdazAha 3 jA, ahamadazAha 3 jA ane mujhaphapharazAha 3 jAtA AvA tAMbAnA sikkA sArI saMkhyAmAM maLe che. | sAmAnya rIte eka sulatAna ekathI vadhu lakaba ke kayA dhAraNa karato nahi eTale enA sikkAmAM paNa pahelethI laI chelle sudhI eka ja lakaba ane eka ja kunyA maLe che, paNa gujarAtamAM AnA apavAdarUpa bahAdurazAha ane mujhapharazAha 3 jAnA be cAra sikkAomAM ekathI vadhu lakaba ane kuvAno prayoga thayAnAM udAharaNa maLe che. lakhANanI goThavaNa paNa seMdhapAtra che. sAdhAraNa rIte suMdara nakha zailImAM e amuka namUnAomAM khUNAdAra kUphI zailIthI prabhAvita che. sikkA-lakhANenI goThavaNa kalAtmaka hoI AkarSaka banI che. sikkAo upara TaMkAmaNa-varSa moTe bhAge aMkita che. sAmAnya rIte varSa saMkhyA AMkaDAmAM ApavAnI prathA hatI, paNa ahamadazAha 1 lAnA amuka cAMdInA sikkAo ane bahAdurazAhanA thaDA tAMbAnA sikkAo para varSa AMkaDAmAM nahi, paNa zabdomAM ApavAmAM AvyuM che. saltanatanI TaMkazALo vize aitihAsika sAdhanAmAM kaMI mAhitI upalabdha nathI, paNa TaMkazALanuM nAma dharAvatA sikkA ThIka ThIka saMkhyAmAM maLI AvyA che e parathI je TaMkazALo vize jANakArI maLe che te ahamadanagara(hAlanuM hiMmatanagara) cAMpAnera mustaphAbAda(jUnAgaDha) amadAvAda burahAnapura dIva ane dolatAbAda(vaDodarA) che. TaMkazALa-nagaranuM nAmAdhikaraNa paNa gujarAtanI sikkA-zreNInI eka viziSTatA gaNAya. amadAvAda ahamadanagara mustaphAbAda(jUnAgaDha) ane cAMpAnera mATe mAnasIka upanAmane prayoga thayo che. prAmughalakAlIna sikkA-zreNImAM lagabhaga ajJAta evI A prathA mughalakAlamAM paNa vadhu vyApaka rIte apanAvAI nathI e jotAM gujarAtanI zreNInI A pahela gaNAya. saMkazALa-cihna (mint-mark) ke alaMkAra athavA AbhUSaNanI prathA bhAratanA bIjA bhAganA mukAbale pazcima hiMdamAM, gujarAta ane mALavAmAM, vadhu vyApaka hovAnuM jaNAya che. gujarAtamAM A prathA pramANe sikkA-zreNImAM AraMbhathI eTale ke mujhaphpharazAha 1 lAnA samayathI atyAra sudhImAM AvAM sela cihna maLyAM che.

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pari salatanatanI zALe ane emAM paDAvelA sikA rira3 satanatanAM nANunuM dhoraNasara koI nAma sikkAo para aMkita thayuM nathI. mahamUdazAha 1lAnA eka senAnA sikakA para dInAra" zabda maLe che, paNa e zabda sAmAnya rIte senAnI dhAtunA koI paNa sikkA mATe vaparAyo hoya ema lAge che. aitihAsika pustako ane videzI yAtrIonAM vRttAMta parathI TaMkA mahamUdI caMgejhI vagere nAmo maLe che, paNa emAMnuM eka paNa nAma dharAvato koI sikko maLato nathI." e pramANe saltanatanA nANAdhoraNanI vajana mUlyAMkana vagere bAbata nakkI karavI e eka mahAjaTila prazna che. sonAmAM A vize prazna nathI. rojiMdA calaNamAM na hovAne laIne enA eTalA badhA bhAge (fractions) ke vajana na hoya e dekhItuM che. AraMbhathI sonAnA sikkAmAM 185 grenanA tolAnuM vajana-dhAraNa rahyuM hoya ema prApya namUnAo parathI jaNAya che, paNa cAMdI ane vizeSa karIne tAMbAmAM eTaluM badhuM vajana-vaividhya che ke teonuM mUlyAMkana ane eka dhoraNa nirNayAtmaka rIte nizcita thaI zakayuM nathI. A prazna paratve reva. Telara, zAhapurazAha heDIvAlA ane siMdhala e vidvAnoe vigatavAra carcA karI che. AnI phalazrutirUpe kahI zakAya ke saltanatakAlamAM cAMdInA ghara ane tAMbAnA 16 mUlyAnA sikkAonuM calaNa hatuM. cAMdImAM 96 ratInA tolA=1776 gre. ane tAMbAmAM 80 ratInA talA=144 gre. ne ema hatA. hoDIvAlA tAMbAnA upalabdha sikkAonAM vajananA tulanAtmaka abhyAsa pachI evA abhiprAya para AvyA che ke samakAlIne calaNamAM tAMbAmAM eka nahi, paNa be nANAM-ekama hatA, jemAM ekanuM vajana bIjA karatAM vadhAre hatuM. baMne vaccenuM pramANa 4:5 hatuM. cAMdImAM eka nANA-ekama hatA ane cAMdInA AMzika sikkA(fraction)nuM tAMbAnAM baMne raNanA AMzika sikkAonI amuka saMkhyA samAna mUlya nirdhArita hatuM. | mughala sAmrAjyanA aMtima samayamAM bhAratanAM lagabhaga svataMtra evAM rAjArajavADAMoe temaja isTa inDiyA kaMpanIe potAnA nAmanA judA sikkA pADavAne badale mAtra nAmanA ja rAjyakartA evA mughala bAdazAha zAhaAlama 2 jA ane enA amuka anugAmIonA nAmanA sikkA pADavAnuM cAlu rAkhavAnI je prathA apanAvI hatI tevI ja prathA gujarAtamAM prathama mahamUdazAha 3 jAnA samayamAM zarU thaI hatI e eka neMdhapAtra hakIkata gaNAya. saiArASTranAM bhUtapUrva prathama rajavADAM- navAnagara junAgaDha ane porabaMdaranA rAjavIoe ane kacchanA rAve pitAnI mudrAo-dokaDAo ane kerIo-A pramANe gujarAtanA sulatAnanI zAhI TaMkazALanI bhAtanA sikkAo jevI bahAra pADI hatI.

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stanata maha [tra. 9 muhammadazAha 1 lAte haju sudhI eka paNa sikko prApta thayeA nathI, je cAreka varSanA ane rAjyakAla jotAM Azrayajanaka gaNAya. enA pachI takhtanazIna thayela mujhaphrazAha 1lAnA kevaLa tAMbAnA chaeka sikkA taioMdhAyA che, je AkAra ane kadamAM dilhInA tugaluka vaMzanA sikkAo jevA ja che. 224] mujhaphrazAha pachI eneA pautra ahamadazAha takhtanazIna thaye| teNe 'nAsIrudunyAvaddIna' lakakha, 'abulakha' kunyA ane ahamadazAha' nAma dhAraNa karyo. enA sAnAnA Aja paMta eke sikko maLI Avyo nathI temaja cAMdImAM paNa enA maryAdita saMkhyAmAM sikkA upalabdha che. alabatta tAMbAmAM enA sikkA pramANamAM ThIka ThIka sakhyAmAM maLyA che. cAMdInA nAMdhAyelA sikkAonu vajana 166 thI 173 gre. che. teonI mukhya e bhAta che : ekamAM AgalI bAju para 'sauthI meATo sulatAna' e bhAvavALA biruda sAthe eneA lakaba ane enI kunyA, ane pAchalI bAju vatu LakSetramAM enI pUrI vaMzAvaLI tathA 'khilAta'(rAjya)nA amaratvanI prArthanAvALuM ane sauthI moTA sulatAna rAjya ane dharmanA sahAyaka vijayanA pitA (evA) mujhaphphpharazAha 'suta muhammadazAha-suta ahamadazAha(sulatAna)'-A arthavALuM lakhANa che. khIjI bhAtamAM AgalI bAju para lakhANanI gAThavaNa saheja pharI gaI che, jyAre pAchalI bAju para paNa vaMzAvaLIvALuM lakhANa geAThavaNanA saheja pheraphAra sAthe ceArasa kSetramAM che ane vRttakhaMDa(Segments)mAM arabI zabdemAM varSa apAyuM che. temAMthI eke bhAtanA sikkA para TaMkazALanuM nAma aMkti nathI, ahamadazAhanA tAMbAnA sikkA sArI saMkhyAmAM upalabdha che. temaja DIka ThIka kahI zakAya tevI vividha bhAteAmAM upalabdha che. vajanamAM te 111 thI 148, 60 thI 78, 55thI 57, 42, ane 30 thI 37 gre,nA che. AmAMnA meTA bhAganA sikkAo para TaMkazALanuM nAma aMkita che ane TaMkazALanuM nAma vinAnA amuka namUnA para catula-cAra pAMkhaDIvALu phUla ke evA AAkAra temaja nAnA vartuLanAM cihna aMkita che. enA A sikkAo para vaMzAvaLI ane kunyA jovA maLatAM nathI. A sikkAonI zarUAtanI bhAtamAM AgalI bAju para sulatAnane lakSma ane pAchalI bAju para sulatAnanA biruda sAthe enuM nAma temaja uparyukta e ke emAMthI eka TakazALanuM cihna che, paNa va nathI. e sikkAo para varSAM lakhelAM che, je apavAda rUpa namUnA gaNI zakAya.

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pari. salatanatanI TaMkazALe ane emAM paDAvelA sirira tAMbAnI bIjI bhAtanA thaDA sikkAo upara mAtra AgalI bAjunuM lakhANa ja che, jemAM lakabane badale mAtra "sauthI moTo sulatAna'vALuM biruda che ane pAllI bAju para pahelI bhAta jevuM ja lakhANa tathA vartuLavALuM TaMkazALanuM cihna che. trIjI bhAtamAM AgalI bAju para mAtra sulatAnanuM nAma ane bIjI tarapha sulatAna'vALuM birUda che. A bhAta paNa virala che. - A traNe bhAte karatAM eka vadhu vyApaka cothI bhAta ahamadazAhe vasAvelA ahamadanagara (hAlanuM hiMmatanagara) khAte navI sthapAyelI TaMkazALamAMthI bahAra paDelA sikkAonI che, jemAM TaMkazALanuM nAma TumA (zubha nagara) ApeluM che. A sikkA vajanamAM 73 ge. ane 30 thI 4ra 2.nA che ane emAM AgalI bAju para pahelI bhAta jevuM sulatAnanA lakabavALuM lakhANa ane varSasaMkhyA ane bIjI bAju para evuM ja sulatAnanA biruda sAthe enA nAmavALuM lakhANa, paNa corasa kSetramAM judI goThavaNa sahita ane vRttakhaMDamAM TaMkazALanuM nAma maLe che. A bhAtane prathama sikko sulatAna ahamadanagara vasAvyuM hatuM te varSa- hi. sa. 829 mAM bahAra paDyo hato ane hi. sa. 834 ane 835 bAda karatAM enA samagra rAjyakAlanA dareka varSamAM bahAra paDelA namUne upalabdha che.* ahamadazAha pachI gAdIe besanAra enA putra muhammadazAha 2 jAe "giyAsudunyAvadIna" lakaba, "abUlamahAmida kunyA ane "muhammadazAha" nAma dhAraNa karyo. ene sonAne temaja cAMdIno eka paNa sikko upalabdha hovAnI jANa nathI, tathA tAbAmAM paNa enA prApya sikkA alpa saMkhyAmAM che. Ama chatAM phArasImAM padyabaddha lakhANane laIne mAtra gujarAtanI ja nahi, paNa samagra bhAratanI islAmI sikkA zreNImAM A sulatAnanA sikkAoe navI bhAta pADI che. be mukhya bhAgamAM vaheMcI zakAya tevA A sulatAnanA sikakA vajanamAM enA pitAnA sikkAo karatAM bhAre che. pahelI bhAtavALA 135 thI 142, 68 thI 72 temaja 28 thI 34 gre.ane enA rAjyakAlanAM lagabhaga badhAM varSonA maLe che. enA AgalI bAju para "sauthI moTo sulatAna' biruda sAthe lakaba ane pAchalI bAju para kunyA ane "sulatAna biruda sAthe enuM nAma ane varSa-saMkhyA aMkita che. I-5-15

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26] saltanata kAla [pra. 8 muM muhammadazAhanA tAMbAnA sikkAnI bIjI mukhya bhAta padya lakhANavALI che. A sikkA dekhAvamAM AkarSaka, banAvaTamAM suMdara temaja vajanamAM paNa bhAre che. eka 146 gre.ne namUne bAda karatAM bAkInA namUnA 195 thI 220 gre. vajanavALA che. A bhAtamAM baMne bAjunuM lakhANa AgalI bAju para varSa saMkhyA uparAMta sulatAnanAM lakaba ane nAma temaja "enuM rAjya vyAvacaMdradivAkara rahe evI prArthanAnA bhAvArthavALI eka kAvyapaMktinuM baneluM che.* muhammadazAha pachI gAdIe AvelA enA putra ahamadazAha rajAe "kubudunyAvIna" lakaba, "abUlamujhaphaphara' kunyA ane "ahamadazAha" nAma dhAraNa karyA. ene paNa sonAno koI sikko haju sudhI prApta thayuM nathI ane cAMdImAM paNa ene ekAda sikko noMdhAyAnI mAhitI che. kadAca cAMdInI achatane laIne ke bIjA koI kAraNasara enA samayamAM gujarAtamAM prathama vAra tAMbA ane cAMdInI mizrita dhAta(billon)mAM sikkA bahAra paDayA hatA. enA prApya tAMbAnA sikkAonI saMkhyA paNa vadhu nathI. gujarAtanI sikkA zreNImAM enA sikkAnI, mizrita dhAtunA namUnAo uparAMta, bIjI eka viziSTatA cakAra (corasa) AkAranI sikkAonI che. enA koI paNa sikkA para TaMkazALanuM nAma jovA maLatuM nathI. tAMbAnA thoDA namUnAo para nAnA vartuLavALuM TaMkazALa-cihna che. ahamadazAha 2 jAno advitIya gaNI zakAya tevo cAMdIne upalabdha sikko laMDananA briTiza myujhiyamamAM che, jenuM vajana 174 2. che. vajananI jema enI bhAta AkAra, lakhANu, lakhANanI goThavaNa vageremAM enA pitAmaha ahamadazAha 1 lAnI vaMzAvaLIvALA sikakA jevI che. mizrita dhAtumAM ahamadazAha 2 jAnA sikkA juja saMkhyAmAM maLyA che. noMdhAyelA sikkAonuM vajana 139 thI 146 2. che ane badhA eka ja bhAtanA che, je cAMdInA sikkAnI bhAtathI sAva judI che, balake enuM pAchalI bAjunuM lakhANa gujarAtanI sikkAzreNImAM prathama vAra dekhA de che. A lakhANa dilhInA raupadavaMzanA chellA sulatAna alAuddIna AlamazAha (I.sa. 1445-51) ane ene padabhraSTa karI rAjyasattA dhAraNa karanAra bahalula lodInA A ja dhAtunA sikkAonA lakhANanA anukaraNamAM apanAvyuM hoya ema lAge che. 12 A sikkAonI AgalI bAju para enuM nAma tema lakaba ane pAchalI bAja para varSa-saMkhyA uparAMta ene khalIphA' tarIke biradAvatuM lakhANa che.

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pari. salatanatanI TakazALe ane emAM paDAvelA sikkA ri27 ahamadazAha 2 jAnA tAMbAnA vadhu pracalita sikkAonI mukhya bhAtanA namUnA vajanamAM bhAre-140 thI 216 gra.nA paNa upalabdha che. amuka cikA 112 thI 128 gre. ane 56 thI 73 e.nA che. teonI AgalI bAju para sulatAnanAM lakaba ane kunyA ane pAchalI bAju para saMkhyA ne sulatAnanuM nAma ane biruda aMkita che. A sikkAonI pAchalI bAju para TaMkazALa-cihna dekhAya che. tAMbAmAM Ane maLatA, paNa kada ane vajanamAM nAnA evA amuka sikkAo para AgalI bAju para kanyA vinAnuM lakhANa che ane koI kAI namUnAmAM pAchalI bAju para varSa saMkhyA nathI. sikkA vajanamAM 60 thI 70 gre., 35 gre. ane 18 jhe. nA che. tAMbAnI bIjI mukhya kahI zakAya tevI bhAtane mAtra eka ja namUne seMdhAyo che, jene zrI siMghale pahelAM muhammadazAha 2 jAnA sikkA tarIke garyo hato. 1411 gre. vajanavALA A sikkAmAM AgalI bAju para sulatAna' biruda sAthe enuM tathA enA pitAnuM nAma che ane pAknI bAju para mizrita dhAtunA enA sikkA jevuM "khalIphA tarIke biradAvatuM lakhANa ane varSasaMkhyA che. A sikkA paranI varSa saMkhyAne ekamano aMka kapAI gayA che. enI pAblI bAju para "tArA" jevuM TaMkazALa-cihna che. tAMbAmAM trIjI bhAta madhyapradezanA bAlAghATa jillAvALA cokera sikkAonI gaNI zakAya. vikRta jevI bhAtanA A sikkAonuM vizeSa mahatva tene cAra AkAra che. ahamadazAha 2 ja pachI enA kAkA dAUdazAhe mAMDa thoDA divasa rAjya karyuM. tene koI sikko ke abhilekha paNa prApya na hovAthI enAM lakaba ane kunyA ajJAta che. dAUdazAha pachI sattAmAM AvelA mahamUdazAha begaDAe "nAsirUdIne lakaba, abUlaphaha' kunyA ane "mahamUdazAha" nAma dhAraNa karyA hatAM. gujarAtanA sulatAnamAM atizaktizALA ane sarvazreSTha evA A sulatAnanA samayama jema vistAra ane samRddhimAM salatanata parAkASThAe pahoMcI hatI tema enA sikkA paNa saMkhyA vaividhya banAvaTa aMkazALa phelAvo vagere bAbatamAM gujarAtanI sikAzreNImAM agrima sthAne che. mahamUdazAhe senuM, cAMdI, tAMbuM ane mizrita dhAtu ema cAre dhAtuomAM sikkAo paDAvyA hatA. AmAM senA ane

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228]. satanata kAla ( [ 8 muM mizrita dhAtunA sikkA maryAdita saMkhyAmAM ane cAMdI tathA tAMbAnuM nANuM vipula che. mahamUdazAhanA sikkAonI bIjI viziSTatA sikkAnI goLAI para suMdara vividha jAtanAM bhaumitika lakhANa-kSetro aMkita thayAM che e che. e lakhANanI goThavaNa ane lakhAvaTanI dRSTie paNa vaividhyabharyA che. bIjuM enA sikkAo para ochAmAM ochI cAra TaMkazALAnAM nAma maLe che : ahamadAbAda, mustaphAbAda(junAgaDha), muhammadAbAda(cAMpAnera) ane dIva. eNe lakaba vagere sAthe "IzvaramAM AsthA dharAvanAra' evA bhAvArthavALA-san-vAdi vihimannAne (arthAta mahAparopakArI allAhamAM pUrNa AsthAvALA) tathA ma2 vAthi-vitArUMdrikUmAra (arthAta mahAdayALu-IzvaranI sRSTimAM AsthA dharAvanAra) jevAM vizeSaNane gujarAtanA sikkAomAM prathama vAra prayoga karyo. enA eka AkhA dazaka(hi. sa. 870879)mAM mizrita dhAtunA sikkAo para kAmaNa varSa saMkhyAmAM nahi, paNa arabI zabdamAM ApavAmAM AvyAM che. enA samayamAM salatanatanuM nANuM-dhoraNa sthira thayuM hatuM ane nANA-dhoraNa saltanatanA aMta sudhI cAlu rAkhavAmAM AvyuM hatu. mahamUdazAhanA atyAra sudhI senAnA mAtra 11 sikakA bahAra AvyA che. 15 ATalA maryAdita namUnAomAM paNa nahi nahi to cAra bhAta tarI Ave che. e parathI enA senAnA sikkAnA bhAta-vaividhyano aMdAja kADhI zakAya. AmAMnA be sikkAonuM vajana 183.6 gre. ane 175.5 gre. che. bIjA sikkAonuM vajana neMdhAyuM nathI, paNa teo paNa A vajananA haze ema mAnavAmAM vAMdho nathI. sonAnI cAre bhAratamAM "IzvaramAM AsthAvALA sUtra sAthe sulatAnanAM lAba ane kunyAvALuM lakhANa lagabhaga ekasarakhuM che, mAtra lakhANanI goThavaNa ke lakhAvaTamAM nahivata phera che, paNa cArenI pAchalI bAju para sulatAna ane enA pitAnuM nAma, enA khilAphata ke rAjyanA amaratvanI prArthanAnA bhAvArthavALAM sUtra, TaMkazALanuM nAma ke varSa vagerene nirdeza karatA lakhANamAM ochevatto phera che. mahamUdazAhanA cAMdInA sikkAomAM vaMzAvaLIvALA eka sikkA sivAya lagabhaga badhA para TaMkazALanuM nAma che. AmAMthI adhikAMza mustaphAbAda(jUnAgaDha) ane cAMpAneranI TaMkazALomAMthI bahAra paDayA hatA. A sulatAnanA samayamAM pahelI vAra dIva khAte DhaMkAyelA sikakAonA traNeka namUne maLyA che, paNa amadAvAdanI TaMkazALane eka paNa sikko haju sudhI prApta thayo nathI e

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pari.] saltanatanI TakazALA ane emAM paDAvelA siddhA [29 AzcaryaMjanaka kahevAya. cAMdInA sikkAnI lakhANu-gAThavaNa, lakhANu-kSetra vagerenI dRSTie nIce pramANe bhAtA che : mukhya ane kadAya adritIya namUnAnI bhAta vaMzAvaLIvALA sikkAnI che, jemAM AgalI bAju IzvaramAM AsthA'vALA sUtranI sAthe sulatAnanAM lakakha ane kunyA che temaja pAchalI bAju para varSa-sa MkhyA ane sulatAnanI mujhaphphpharazAha 1 lA sudhI paheAMcatI pUrI vaMzAvaLI che. 188 gre. vajanavALe! A sikko hi. sa. 869mAM TaMkAyeA hatA, paNa enA upara TaMkazALanuM nAma nathI. cAMdInA TaMkazALanuM nAma dharAvatA teMdhAyelA namUnAmeAmAM mustaphrAbAda(jUnAgaDha)nA sikkAenI sa MkhyA pacAseka che. A sikkA hi. sa. 884 mAM TakAvA zarU thaI, sulatAnanA AkhA rAjyakAla daramyAna hi. sa. 902 khAda karatAM, dareka varSoMnA upalabdha che. upalabdha sikkA 89 gre, 62 thI 66 gre. 41 thI 57 gre. ane 31 thI 33 gre.nA che. mustaphAbAda(jUnAgaDha)nI cAMdInI pahelI bhAtamAM AgalI tarapha sulatAnamAM lakA kunyA ane va-saMkhyA ane pAblI khAju ceArasa ke geALa kSetramAM 'sulatAna' biruda sAthe enuM nAma ane vRttakhaMDA ke hAMsiyAmAM TaMkazALa-nAma aMkita che. cAMdInI mustaphAbAda(jUnAgaDha)nI bIjI bhAtamAM mAgalI bAjunA lakhANanI geAThavaNa saheja judI che, jyAre trIjImAM bIjI bhAta jevu... AgalI khajunuM lakhANa che, para Mtu pAchalI bAjunA hAMsiyAnA lakhANanI gAThavaNamAM phera che. cerImAM pAchalI bAjutu' lakhANa ane ge!vaNa trIjI bhAta jevAM che, paNa AgalI bAjunA lakhANamAM 'sauthI melTA sulatAnavALuM biruda lagADelu che ane geAvaNa saheja judI che. pAMcamI bhAtamAM baMne bAjunuM lakhANa ceAthI bhAta jevuM che, sivAya ke AgalI bAjunA lakhANanI goThavaNamAM phera che. chaThThI bhAtamAM AgalI bAju lakhANa tema ja geAvaNamAM pAMcamI bhAta jevI che, paNa pAchalI bAju hAMsiyAnI gAThavaNa pahelI tathA khIjI bhAta jevI nIcethI zarU thatA lakhANanI che. cAMdImAM cAMpAneranA sikkAo para TaMkazALa-nAma vividha rIte aMkita thayu che. meTA bhAganA sikkAo para muma mumtayAvAva, amuka para zake. murrama muhammaddAvAra kAMAnera ane ekAda namUnA para zazne muLa ma cAMvAnera aMkita che. cAMpAneranA sikkAonuM vajana 157 thI 176 gre., 70 thI 88.5 gre. ane 38 thI 44 gre. che.

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230] [x. 8 mu' A sikkA saltanata phAla samagra rIte joIe teA lakhANa temaja geAThavaNunI dRSTie mustaphAbAda(jUnAgaDha)nA amuka sikkAone mahad aMze maLatA che. cAMpAneranA cAMdInA sikkAnI pahelI bhAtamAM AgalI bAju para sauthI moTA sulatAna'vALuM biruda ane enAAM lakakha kunyA temaja varSI-sa MkhyA ane pAchalI bAju sikkAnI geALAI para sulatAna' biruda sAthe enuM nAma ane TaMkazALanAma 'zazne murama muhammavAyA che. khIjI bhAtamAMthI AgalI bAjunuM lakhANa varSoM-saMkhyA vinAnuM che tathA enI geAThavaNu saheja judI che. AgalI bAjunA lakhANanI goThavaNa mustaphAbAda(jUnAgaDha)nI pAMcamI bhAta jevI tathA pAththI bAjunA lakhANanI ge|ThavaNa tusrA kahI zakAya tevI che ane va-saMkhyA A bAju che. trIjI bhAtamAM AgalI bAju khIjI bhAta jevI che, paraMtu pAchalI bAju para cerasa kSetramAM anukrame 'sulatAna' biruda sAthe sulatAnanuM nAma ane upayukta TaMkazALanuM nAma aMkita che. AmanA UI sikko corasa sAdI lAInanI bAjuvALA OM vacamAM khUNAdAra bAjuevaLeA che, jyAre kAI para pAchalI bAjunA ceArasa kSetranA lakhANamAM geThavaNumAM phera che athavA hAMsiyAmAM lakhANa nathI. ceAthI bhAta trIjI bhAta jevI che, paNa enI pAchalI bAju sulatAnanA nAma sAthe enA pitAnuM paNa nAma che. A bhAtanA amuka sikkAmAM vasaMkhyA AgaLa sattA arthAt '' zabda prayAga paNa thayA che. pAMcamI bhAtanA sikkA trIjI bhAta jevA che, paNa enI bIjI bAjunA lakhANamAM TaMkazALanuM nAma navAnera paNa maLe che. A bhAtamAM paNa vasa`khyA AgaLa sanA zabda jevA maLe che. keAI kAI namUnAmAM sikko paDayo' ke 'TakAyA'nA bhAvAvALA arabI zabda kuriva paNa aMkita che. mahamUdazAhanA dIvanI TaMkazALanA cAMdImAM je traNa sikkA nAMdhAyA che temAM AgalI bAju para 'sauthI mATe sulatAna' birudavALu. mustAbAda(junAgaDha)nI pAMcamI ane cAMpAneranI bIjI bhAtavALu lakhANa che ane pAblI bAju cerasakSetramAM 'sulatAna' biruda sAthe enuM nAma ane hAMsiyAmAM TaMkazALanAma ane va-saMkhyA che, TakazALanAma rIva sAthe vittA zabdaprayoga thaye che. 16 traNa mAMthI eka paNa sikkA pUrA vajananA nathI, teonuM vajana 86, 87 ane 42 gre, che ane traNe hiM. sa. 900 mAM TakAyA hatA. uparanA sikkAe uparAMta e. mAratare eka sikko prakAzita karyo che, jemAM AgalI bAju sulatAnanAM lakakha ane kunyA aMkita che tathA pAkkSI khAju 'sulatAna' biruda sAthe enu' nAma cerasa kSetramAM ane hAMsiyAmAM varSe arabI

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pari.] salatanatanI TakazALe ane emAM paDAvelA sikA ri31 zabdomAM apAyuM che. A sikko mizrita dhAtunA mahamUdazAhanA ja upalabdha sikkAonI bhAtane hAI-enuM vajana 113 ge. ane TaMkAmaNa-varSa hi. sa. 874 5Na mizrita dhAtunI bhAtanA e namUnAvALA che. 17 je dhAtu jANAvavAmAM bhUla na thaI hoya te bhAtanI daSTie advitIya gaNAya, kemake cAMdImAM Ave, varSa saMkhyA arabI zabdamAM darzAvate eka paNa sikko haju sudhI upalabdha thaye hevAnI mAhitI nathI. mizrita dhAtumAM mahamUdazAhanA upalabdha sikkAonI saMkhyA maryAdita che. enA beMdhAyelA sikkA be bhAtanA che tathA vajanamAM 1605 thI 176 gre. ane 113 2.nA che. AmAMnI pahelI bhAta, upara chellA phakarAmAM jeno nide za thayo che te, cAMdInA sikkA jevI che. AmAM amuka namUnAo para pAchaLanI bAju paranuM cerasa kSetravALuM lakhANa vartalIya kSetramAM che ane vRttakhaMDovALuM goLa hAMsiyAmAM. A bhAtanA sikA atyAra sudhI mAtra eka beMdhAyA heI durlabha gaNAya. vaLI e hijarInA navamA zatakanA eka dazaka-AThamAmAM TaMkAyA hoya ema lAge che. A sikkAo para TaMkazALanuM nAma nathI. mizrita dhAtunA sikkAnI bIjI bhAta TaMkazALanA nAmavALA sikkAonI che. varSa-saMkhyA AgalI bAju para che, e sivAya AgalI bAjunuM lakhANa pahelI bhAta jevuM, paNa saheja judI goThavaNavALuM che. pAchalI tarapha goThavaNa pahelI bhAtanA vartuLavALA kSetra ane hAMsiyA jevI che, paraMtu hAMsiyAmAM arabI zabdomAM varSane badale TaMkazALanAma za sAme mutAvAra (junAgaDha) che. A bhAtanA sAteka sikkA maLyA che. A be bhAte uparAMta bhAvanagara jillAnA taLAjA gAma khAte be sikko mahamUdazAhanI mizrita dhAtunI sikkAomAM advitIya kahI zakAya tevI bIjI be bhAtone umero kare che evuM A sikkAonA prakAzita varNana uparathI jaNAya che, paNa bhAta tarIke A baMne bhAta mahamUdazAhanA tAMbAnA sikkAomAM maLatI hoI ane mizrita dhAtumAM A be bhAtane ke teone maLato keI paNa sikko haju sudhI noMdhAye na heI, je dhAtu vize, mudraNadoSa na hoya te, A be namUnA advitIya che ane e dRSTie ati mahatvanA che. 18 AmAMnA eka sikkA para AgalI bAju para lakaba ane sulatAnanuM nAma che ane bIjI bAju enI rAjakIya vaMzAvaLIne eka aMza enA puragAmI bhAI kubuddIna ahamadazAha sAthe

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232] saltanata kAla pri. 8 mu saMbaMdhadarzaka no arthAta bhAI zabda sAthenuM enuM nAma ane "sulatAna' biruda ane varSa saMkhyA aMkita che temaja TapakAvALA nAnA vartuLa jevuM TaMkazALa-cihna che. A sikkAnuM vajana 144 2. che ane e hi. sa. 863mAM kAryo hato. e have pachI jenuM varNana thaze tevI mahamUdazAhanA tAMbAnA sikkAnI pahelI bhAtane maLato che. tAMbAnA A sikkAmAM AgalI bAju para goThavaNamAM saheja phera sAthe sulatAnanI kunyA paNa che; paNa pAchalI bAju lakhANa te AnA jevuM ja che, paNa goThavaNamAM nahivata phera che. mizrita dhAtunI bIjI navI bhAtamAM sulatAnanA lakaba ane pAchalI bAju para ahamadazAha 2 jAnA mizrita dhAtunA sikkAnI jema varSa-saMkhyA uparAMta sulatAnane khalIphA" tathA "muslimonA amIra" tarIke biradAvatuM lakhANa paNa che. A bhAta tAMbAnI bIjI bhAta jevI ja che. A sikkAnuM vajana 144 2. che ane e paNa hi. sa. 863 mAM bahAra paDyo hato. mahamUdazAhanA tAMbAnA sikkA vajana ane bhAtamAM vaividhya dharAve che. AmAMnuM moTA bhAganuM nANuM mustaphAbAda(jUnAgaDha)nuM che. muhammadAbAda-cAMpAneranA prApya ke nedhAyelA sikakAonI saMkhyA jUja che. bhAtabhAtamAM vajana juduM che. TaMkazALanA nAma vinAnA sikakAonI judI bhAtomAM moTA bhAganA sikkA 133 thI 147 grenA che. kaI kaI sikkA 213 thI 217 2. vajananA, te amuka 63 thI 80 gre, 41 thI 50 gre. ane 18, 27 ane 35 gre.nA che. TaMkazALanuM nAma dharAvatA sikkAomAM cAMpAnerano eka sikako 318 gre. beMdhAya che, je mahamUdazAhanA tAMbA-nANamAM sauthI bhAre che. mustaphAbAda(junAgaDha)nA sikkA 206 thI 221 gre, 139 thI 170 gre, 7ra thI 87 gre. ane 41 thI 43 gre.nA che. tAMbAmAM pahelI bhAta vize upara ullekha AvI gayo che. A bhAtane mAtra eka ja sikko noMdhAyo hovAnI jANa che, je hi. sa. 863mAM bahAra paDyo hato. tAMbAnI bIjI bhAta mizrita dhAtumAM taLAjAvALA sikkAnI bIjI bhAta jevI ja che. A bhAtamAM paNa mAtra eka ja sikko maLyo hovAnI mAhitI che. e paNa che. sa. 863 mAM TaMkAyo hato. A baMne bhAtomAM TaMkazALanuM nAma nathI temaja TaMkazALa-cihna paNa nathI. tAMbAnI trIjI bhAtamAM bIjI bhAtanuM AgalI bAjunuM lakhANa sulatAnanAM lakaba kunyA ane "sulatAna' biruda sAthe nAma ane varSa saMkhyA sikkAnI baMne

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pari.] saltanatanI Ta zALA ane emAM paDAvelA silA ra33 bAjue samAvavAmAM AvyuM che--lakama AgalI bAju ane bAkInuM lakhANa pAchalI bAju para. enA ekAda namUnA ane e paNu chara gre. vajanavALA nAMdhAyA che. ceAthI bhAta trIjI bhAta jevI ja che, mAtra emAM AgalI bAjunA lakhANamA sauthI moTA sulatAna'vALA birudanA umerA che. AvA sikkA 134 gre. ane 142 thI 147 gre, vajanavALA che, ' pAMcamI bhAtamAM AgalI bAju ceAthI bhAta jevI che, paNa pAchalI bAjumAM varSa-sa`khyA uparAMta sulatAnanI kunyA nathI, paNa enA nAmanI sAthe 'sulatAna' biruda temaja enA pitAnuM nAma che. chaThThI bhAtamAM pAchalI bAju pAMcamI bhAta jevI che, paNa lakhANanI geAvaNamAM saheja phera che ane va-sa MkhyA AgalI bAju para che, e uparAMta AgalI bAjunuM lakhANa ceAthI bhAtanI AgalI bAju jevu che. A bhAtamAM eka 63 gre, ane e 141 thI 144 gre vajanavALA sikkA nAMdhAyA che. AvI ja pAchalI bAjunA lakhANavALI, paNa varSI saMkhyA sahita, ane cAMdInI trIjI bhAta jevI AgalI bAjunA lakhANa temaja gAThavaNavALI sAtamI bhAta che, jena nAMdhAyelA sikkAonuM vajana 173 thI 146 gre, che, AThamI bhAtamAM paNa AgalI bAju para AvuM ja, paNa judI gAThavaNavALuM va-saMkhyA sahita lakhANa che, jyAre pAchalI bAju chaThTho bhAta jevA che. teenuM vajana 80 thI 84 gre.nuM che. AveA ekAda namUnA 50 gre.te paNa nAMdhAyA che. navamI bhAtamAM AgalI bAjunuM sulatAnanA lakakhavALu geAThavaNa paNa trIjI bhAta jevAM che, para Mtu varSa-sa MkhyA paNa che ane pAchalI khAjunuM lakhANa chaThThI bhAta jevuM 'sulatAna' ane enA pitAnA nAmavALuM che. A bhAtanA nAMdhAyelA meM namUnA vajanamAM 35 gre. ane 65 gre. nA che, jemAM pUrvakti parva-sa MkhyA nathI te e 65 gre.vALA hi. sa. 891 mAM TaMkAyA hatA. lakhANa tathA enI AgalI bAju para biruda sAthe enA navamI bhAta jevI ja AgalI bAjuvALI paNa pAchalI bAju para 'sulatAna' biruda sAthe mAtra enA nAmanA lakhANavALI dasamI lAta che, jene nevAyelA eka namUnA 74 gre,teA che, je hi. sa. 864mAM bahAra paDayo hateA. pAlI bAju jevuM lakhANa dharAvatA 11 mI bhAtamAM AgalI bAjunA lakhANamAM va-saMkhyAne badale sulatAnanI kanyA che. enuM vajana 34 gre che. A bhAtane maLatA lakhANanI judI judI gAThavavALA varSI-saMkhyAvALA ke vinAnA, 66 thI 72 gre, 4i gre. ane 18 gre. vajanavALA sikkA maLe che. uparanI kAI paNu bhAtamAM TaMkazALanuM nAma ke cihna nathI.

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salatanata kAla jhi, 8muM tAMbAmAM TaMkazALanuM nAma dharAvatA sikAomAM mustaphAbAda(jUnAgaDha)nA sikkA nedhapAtra che. AmAMnA mukhya bhAtavALA namUnI A TaMkazALanA cAMdInA sikkAonI bhAta jevA che. teo AgalI bAju para " sauthI moTo sulatAnavALA biruda sahita sulatAnanAM lakaba ane kanyA ane varSa-saMkhyA aMkita che ane bIjI bAju para cerasa ke vastu zIya kSetramAM 'sulatAna' biruda sAthe enuM nAma ane vRttakhaMDa ke hAMsiyAmAM TaMkazALanuM nAma enA mAnadarzaka upanAma sAthe ApyuM che. 19 TaMkazALanA nirdezavALA sikkAomAM sAmrAjyanI rAjadhAnI banAvAyelA muhammadAbAda-cAMpAneranA tAMbAnA sikkA ekAda-be prApta thayA che te saheja Azcaryajanaka gaNAya. * AvA AgalI bAjunA eka namUnA para hAMsiyAnuM lakhANa kapAI javAthI ke aspaSTa hovAthI mAtra upara vitta zabda ja spaSTa vaMcAya che eTale A sikko dIvanI TaMkazALane hoya ema lAge che. 140 2.nA vajananA A sikA para varSa saMkhyA dekhAtI nathI. A bhAtanI AgalI ane pAchalI bAjunA lakhANanI saheja judI goThavaNa vALA eka namUnA para dIva' nAma maLe che. A sikko 34 2. vajanane che.22 mahamUdazAhanA putra khalIlakhAne takhta para besatAMnI sAthe "zamsaddIna' lakaba, "abUsakunyA ane "mujhaphapharazAha' nAma dhAraNa karyA. A sulatAnanA samayathI mizrita dhAtumAM sikkA kAvA baMdha thayA. enA senA cAMdI ane tAMbA traNe dhAtumAM sikkA maLe che. senAmAM temaja cAMdImAM sArI saMkhyAmAM enA sikkA prApta thayA che. lakhANuM goThavaNu lakhAvaTa ane banAvaTamAM mujhaphapharazAha 2 jAnA sikkA enA pitAnA sikkAonI DhabanA che. eNe sikkA-lakhANamAM enA pitAe pracalita karelA "IzvaramAM AsthA dharAvanAra 'vALAM sUtro jevA eka navA sUtra amuM mata vi tArU vimAna arthAta "mahAdayALu(Izvara)ne Teke dharAvanAra " ne gujarAtanA sikkA para prathama vAra prayoga karyo ane enA sikkA para enuM bIjuM sUtra "khilAphata'nA badale rAjyanA amaratvanI prArthanAvALuM ra hyuM mu zuM arthAta "allA enuM rAjaya amara rAkhe' e jovA maLe che. 23 AmAMnuM prathama satra enA sonA cAMdInA sikkAo uparAMta tAMbAmAM paNa ane bIja satra senA sivAya bIjI baMne dhAtuomAM maLe che. mujhaphapharazAhanA calaNanI eka viziSTatA e gaNI zakAya ke muhammadAbAda(cAMpAnera) ane muratamAbAda(jUnAgaDha) uparAMta eka navI TaMkazALa (samakAlIna

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pari.] saltanatanI TakzALA ane emAM paDAvelA sikkA 235 phAkI bAdazAhonA pATanagara ) bhurahAnapura( madhyapradeza )mAM DhaMkAyelA cAMdI ane tAMbAnA enA sikkA maLI AvyA che, mujhaphrazAha 2 jAnA upalabdha sAnAnA sikkA sArI evI sakhyAmAM che. A badhA sikkA hi. sa. 920, 923, 24, 925, 928-33 mAM TaMkAyA hatA. A sikkA 176 thI 179 gre, vajananA che. cAMdImAM meTA bhAganA sikkA 92 thI 115 gre. ane theADA para thI 78 gre. vajananA che.24 tAMbAnA sikkA vividha vajananA che, jemAM traNa namUnA asAmAnya vajananA eTale 253 thI 2625 gre.nA maLyA che, bAkInA namUnA 215 thI 222 gre., 128 thI 176 gre., 67thI 86 gre., 34 thI 36 gre. temaja (eka) 16 gre.te che. A badhA hi. sa. 917 ane 919 sivAya enA rAjyakAlanAM badhAM varSAnA prApya che. mujhaphpharazAha 2 jAnA sAnAnA sikkAo para AgalI khAju eNe zarU karelA upayu`kta mUtra sAthe enAM lakaba ane kunyA tathA pAchalI bAju 'sulatAna' biruda sAthe enuM ane enA pitAnuM nAma tathA varSoM-saMkhyA che. baMne bAjuenA lakhANanI ge|ThavaNamAM nahivat / sahejasAja pheraphAra jovA maLe che. cAMdImAM TaMkazALavALA sikkA muhammadAbAda(cAMpAnera), mustaphAbAda (jUnAgaDha) ane burahAnapuranA che, paNa je sikkAo para TaMkazALanu nAma nathI temAMnA meTA bhAganA sikkAnuM lakhANa tathA gAThavaNu khIjA sikkA jevAM che. A sikkAe para eka taraph IzvaranA TekA dharAvanAravALA sUtra sAthe sulatAnanAM lakaba ane kanyA, seAnAnA sikkAnI jema, pazu judIgeAThavaNuthI tathA pAchalI bAju ceArasakSetramAM 'sulatAna' biruda sAthe nAmavaLuM lakhANa che. cAMdInI pahelI bhAta sAnAnA sikkAnI pahelI mukhya bhAta jevI ja che, mAtra AgalI bAjunA lakhANanI geAThavaNa saheja judI che ane pAchalI bAju para ' sulatAna ' khiruda sAthe enu ane enA pitAnuM nAma cerasakSetramAM che ane hAMsiyAmAM TaMkazALanuM nAma che. A bhAtanA sikkA muhammadAbAda(cAMpAnera)nA che. A bhAtanA prApya namUnA vajanamAM 106 thI 111 gre.nA che ane ha. sa. 920 thI 932 mAM, hi. sa. 924 ane 929 sivAya, dareka varSanA prApya che. AmAM amuka namUnA para AgalI bAju para saheja judI geAtraNavALuM lakhANa che. cAMdInA sikkAnI bIjI ane trIjI mukhya bhAtA mustAkSAda (jUnAgaDha)nA sikkAonI che. AmAM pAchalI bAjunuM lakhANa vartuLa kSetramAM hAvA uparAMta

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23] saltanata kAla [. 8muM hAMsiyAmAM TaMkazALanA nAmane ume che. A bhAtanA hi. sa. 920, 25-27 ane 930-3ramAM TaMkAyelA sikkA vajanamAM 95 thI 110 greDanA che. varSa vagarane eka namUne 54 gre. ne paNa maLyo che. mustaphAbAda( jUnAga)nI bIjI eTale cAMdInI trIjI bhAtanuM AgalI bAjunuM lakhANa ane goThavaNa cAMdI nI pahelI bhAta jevAM che, paNa A bAju para varSa saMkhyA paNa che tathA pAchalI bAjunA lakhANamAM cerasa ke bhaumitika kSetramAM sulatAnanA pitAnA nAmanI jagyAe enA rAjyanA amaratvanI prArthanAvALuM sUtra ane hAMsiyAmAM TaMkazALanuM nAma aMkita che. A bhAtanA amuka namUnAo para varSa saMkhyA pAchalI bAju hAMsiyA para aMkita che, paNa moTAbhAganA sikkAo para varSa-saMkhyA aMkita nathI. vajanamAM A sikkA 107thI 11 , 92 gre. ane para thI 54 2.nA che. cAMdImAM cethI bhAta burahAnapuranA sikkAonI che, jenA prApya namUnA 110 thI 111 gre. ane 545 gre. vajananA ane hi. sa. 921-23 ane 926mAM TaMkAyelA che. emAM AgalI bAju para pahelI bhAta jevuM lakhANa temaja goThavaNa che ane pAchalI bAju para "sulatAna' birUda sAthe mAtra enuM nAma, varSa-saMkhyA, ane yurAnapura arthAta "burahAnapuramAM (TaMkAyo)' e lakhANa che. pAMcamI ane chaThThI bhAta saMkazALanA nAma vinAnA sikkAonI che. pAMcamI bhAta pahelI bhAta jevI, paNa TaMkazALanA nAma dharAvatA hAMsiyA vinAnI che ane enI jagyAe sulatAna ane enA pitAnA nAmavALA lakhANamAM rAjyanA amaratvavALI vAcanA paNa sAmela che. Ama A sikkA mustaphAbAda(jUnAgaDha)vALA cAMdInI trIjI bhAtanA sikkAone maLatA hoI e TaMkazALamAM DhaMkAyA hovAno saMbhava che. A bhAtanA 104 thI 110 gre. tathA 53 thI 55 grenA hi. sa. 926, 929-30mAM aMkAyelA sikkA maLyA che. chaThThI bhAtamAM AgalI bAju para TUMkAveluM eTale mAtra sulatAnanAM lakaba ane kanyA tathA varSa saMkhyAvALuM lakhANa che, paNa goThavaNa sAva judA prakAranI che ane pAchalI bAju para bIjI amuka cAMdInI bhAta jevI sAva judI lakhAvaTamAM sulatAna' biruda sAthe enuM ane pitAnuM nAma aMkita che. A bhAtane be namUnA neMdhAyA hovAnI mAhitI che, jemAM eka 78 gre. vajanamAM hi. sa. 921 mAM TaMkAryo hato ane bIjo hi.sa. 927mAM bahAra paDela, 172. vajana dharAvato hevAnuM kahevAya che.

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pari.] sastanatanI TakazALe ane tenA paDAvelA simA, ri37 tAMbAmAM paNa mujhaphapharazAha 2 jAnA sikkA bhAtanA vaiviSyavALA che, AmAM vajananI dRSTie khAsa dhyAna kheMcanAra thoDA namUnA che, je purogAmIonA prApya tAMbA nANAMnA sauthI bhAre rarara-225 gre.vALA sikkAo karatAM vadhu vajanavALA che. traNa seMdhAyelA sikkAonuM vajana 258, 2625 ane 263 ge. che. 25 A uparAMta ra51 thI 222 gre, 128 thI 176 gre, 67thI 86 gre. ane 34 thI 36 grenA sikkA che, jemAM halakA vajanavALA namUnAonI saMkhyA a85 che. tAMbAnA moTA bhAganA sikkAomAM mahamUdazAha 1 lAnA sikkAonI jema TaMkazALanuM nAma maLatuM nathI. vizeSa karIne mustaphAbAda(jUnAgaDha) ke muhammadAbAda (cAMpAnera)no ochAmAM ocho e spaSTa nirdeza kare kaI sikko noMdhAyo lAgato nathI, mAtra eka sikkA para nIcenA hAMsiyAmAM rAdU zabda vAca hovAnI noMdha che e dhyAnamAM letAM A bemAMthI eka ke baMne TaMkazALanuM nAma dharAvatA sikkA kaMkAyA hovA joIe. TaMkazALavALA mAtra burahAnapuranA pAMceka namUnA noMdhAyA che, je bhAtanI daSTie paNa judA tarI Ave che. Ane tAMbAnI pahelI mukhya bhAta kahI zakAya. 165 thI 171 2. vajanavALA A sikkA hi.sa. 920-923 mAM DhaMkAyelA prApya che. teonA AgalI bAju para sulatAnanAM lakaba ane kanyA temaja varSa saMkhyA che, paNa A lakhANanI goThavaNa atyAra sudhInA enA koI paNa dhAtunA sikkA karatAM sAva judI che. pAchalI bAjunA lakhANamAM sulatAna' biruda sAthe enuM nAma tathA nIce TaMkazALanuM nAma che. burahAnapuranA eka sikkAmAM pAchalI bAju sulatAnanA nAmavALuM lakhANa vartuLakSetramAM ane hAMsiyAmAM TaMkazALa-nAma aMkita che. tAMbAnA sikkAnI bIjI bhAta uparanI bhAtane maLatI che. emAM AgalI bAjanuM lakhANa ane goThavaNa pahelI jevAM che, paNa pAchalI bAju TaMkazALanuM nAma nathI ane enI jagyAe sulatAnanA pitAnuM nAma che. 258 gre, thI 263 2.nA asAmAnya vajanavALA sikkA A bhAtanA che ane e hi.sa. 930-32mAM bahAra paDyA hatA. A uparAMta cAlu vajananA eTale 163 thI 176 gre. temaja 85 gre.nA A bhAtanA namUnA hi. sa. 92, 9rara ane 928-32 mAM DhaMkAyA hatA. tAMbAnI trIjI bhAta pAchalI bAjunA lakhANanA nahivata goThavaNa-phera sivAya cAMdInI trIjI bhAta jevI che, jemAM pAchalI bAju para sulatAnanA

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238] saltanata kAla [tra. 9 su* rAjyanA amaratvanI prArthanA'vALuM sUtra paNa lakhANamAM sAmela che. AvA 215 thI 220 gre. ane 143 thI 146 grenA sikkA sulatAnanA rAjyakAlanAM pAchalAM varSomAM TaMkAyA hatA. tAMbAnI cethI bhAtamAM AgalI bAjunuM lakhANa cAMdInI chaThThI bhAta jevu' va-saMkhyA ane sulatAnanAM lakakha ane kunyAvALuM che ane pAchalI bAju ' sulatAna' biruda sAthe mAtra enuM nAma che. A bhAtanA noMdhAyelA sikkA sulatAnanA rAjyakAlanA AraMbhanAM varSAmAM bahAra paDayA hatA ane vajanamAM 164 gre. ane 67 thI 86 gre.nA che. tAMbAnA sikkAnI pAMcamI ane chellI mukhya bhatimAM AgalI bAju para IzvaranA TekA dharAvanAra' sUtra ane sulatAnanA lakaba che ne pAchalI bAju para varSI-saMkhyA ane 'sulatAna' biruda sAthe enuM ane enA pitAnuM nAma, AkarSIka lakhAvaTamAM judAM bhaumitika kSetrAmAM a'kita che. AvA namUnA cAra vajraneAmAM eTale 217 thI 220 gre., 172 gre., 128 gre. ane 84 gre.mAM noMdhAyA che; emAMnA mAtra e para TaMkAmaNu-va` hi. sa. 918 ane 924 jovA maLe che. sulatAna mujharrazAha 2 jA pachI takhtanazIna thayelA enA putra sika darazAhe mAMDa doDha mahine rAjya karyuM hatuM. enA cAMdItA kevaLa traNa sikkA upalabdha che. 27 A sikkA parathI nizcita rUpe jANavA maLe che ke sikaMdarazAhane lakama 'nAsirudunyAvaddIna' ane kanyA 'emUk' hatAM. vajananI dRSTie paNa enA sikkA calaNanA nANA-ekama ane mUlyaniyatimAM madadarUpa thaI paDe evI agatyanI mAhitI pUrI pADe che. AmAM nAnA e namUnA 207, 869 gre. ane 2095 grenA che tathA enAthI aDadhA vajananA sikko 10339 gre.teA che, eTale cAMdImAM 80 ratInA athavA 144 gre.nA tAlAne ekama hatA evA A sikkA maLyA te pahelAM baMdhAyelA abhiprAya pheravavA paDe ema che. upara prAratAvika noMdhamAM jaNAvyu che tema cAMdImAM paNa tAMbAnA jevA nANAM-ekama hAya ema lAge che, traNe upalabdha sikkA eka ja bhAtanA che temaja lakhAvaTa gAThavaNa ane banAvaTamAM AkarSIka che ane enA pitAmaha ane prapitAmahanA sikkAnI amuka bhAtane maLatA che. AmAMthI bhAre vajanA khate sikkAonI pAchalI bAju para 'mujhaphErazAha'nA 'krU' vahu upara phUla ke UDatAM pakSI jevuM kAkapada ke `sapadane maLatuM TaMkazALanuM cihna maLe che, je enA purAgAmItA kAI prakAzita namUnA para jovA

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pazi. satanatanI kALe ane emAM paDAvelA sikkA rizna maLyuM nathI, paNa enA anugAmIomAM mahamUdazAha 2 jA ane bahAdurazAhanA sikkAo para maLe che. ardhA vajanavALA sikkA para nAnA vartuLavALuM paricita cihna che. gaNe sikkAo para kAmaNa-varSa hi. sa. 972 che. sikaMdarazAhanI hatyA pachI takhtanazIna thayelA mahamUda 2 jAe enA pitAmahanAM nAma lakaba ane kunyA dhAraNa karelAM. enA cAMdInAM 146 greTanA be sikkA maLI AvyA che. 28 A vajananI dRSTie kaI navInatAvALA nathI paNa bhAtamAM cAMdInA sikkAothI saheja judA tarI Ave che. emAM AgalI bAja para enAM lakaba ane kunyA che, jenI goThavaNa enA pitAnA tAMbAnA sikkAnI bIjI bhAta jevI che ane enI nIce zabda sAthe varSa-saMkhyA che. pAchalI bAju para AkarSaka bhaumitika kSetramAM "sulatAna' birUda sAthe enuM tathA enA pitAnuM nAma aMkita che. prApya baMne namUnAo para enA bhAInA sikkA jevuM TakazALanuM cihna AgalI bAju para aMkita che. prinsa opha vehasa myujhiyamanI yAdImAM anizcita rUpe enA tAMbAnA je sikkA neMdhAyA che 29 te enA nathI.30 mahamUdazAha 2 jA pachI eno bhAI bahAdurazAha gAdIe beTho. ene lakaba kubudunyAvaddIna" ane lakaba "abulaphajhala hatA.31 ene senAne keI sikko astitvamAM hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI temaja cAMdImAM paNa enA prApya sikkAonI saMkhyA vadhu nathI. tAMbAnA enA sikakA sArI saMkhyAmAM prApya che temaja bhAtanI daSTie vividhatA dharAve che, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa be eka bhAta saltanatanA sikkAomAM navI bhAta pADe che. enA sikkAonuM vajana-vaividhya paNa noMdhapAtra che. cAMdInA 129 gre., 16 thI 111 gre. ane 32 thI 35 2. vajananA ane tAMbAmAM enA pitA mujhaphapharazAha 2 jAnA sikkAonI jema asAmAnya vajana 251 thI 264 gre. uparAMta 207 thI 221 greDa, 168 thI 176 gre. 126 thI 146 gre, 53 thI 5 gre. ane 48 gre.nA che, paNa bahAdurazAhanA sikkAonI AgavI viziSTatA, enA prapitAmaha muhammadazAha 2 jAnA sikkAo jema, pAlakhANanI che. padyavALA sikkAonAM TaMkazALana bha ke enA aMza dharAvatA namUnA maLI AvavAthI A sikkA bahAdurazAhanA che e niHzaMka puravAra thayuM che. A sivAya bIjA sikakAo para TaMkazALanuM nAma maLatuM nathI, paNa cAMdI ane tAMbAnA amuka namUnAo para TaMkazALanAM ciddana aMkita che. bahAdurazAhanA cAMdInA sikakAnI pahelI mukhya bhAta vaMzAvaLIvALA sikkAnI che, jemAM AgalI bAju para sulatAnanAM lakaba ane kanyA ane enuM tatha

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240 satata kAla pri. 8 muM enA pitAnuM nAma che ane pAchalI bAju para enA pitAmahathI laI mujhaphapharazAha 1 lA sudhInI pUrI vaMzAvaLI ane varSa-saMkhyA che. AgalI bAju para enA be purogAmIonA sikkAo para maLe che tevuM DatA pakSI ke phUlavALuM TaMkazALanuM cihana che. A bhAtanA atyAra sudhI mAtra eka ja sikko neMdhAyo che. e 129 gre. vajanane che ane hi. sa. 933 mAM kAvyo hato.32 bIjI bhAtanA cAMdInA sikakA nAnA che. teonuM vajana 16 gre. ane 32 thI 35 gre. che. emAM sAdI ke TapakAvALI ke jhAlaradAra rekhAvALA vatuLakSetramAM AgalI bAju para sulatAnanuM nAma ane pAchalI bAju para "sulatAna' biruda ane sanA zabda sAthe varSa saMkhyA che. 16 gre.vALA sikkA bAda karatAM bIjA sikkAomAM AgalI bAju para uparyukta TaMkazALanuM ciThThana che. AvI hi. sa 941 ane 941 mAM DhaMkAyelA sikakA prApta thayA che. - trIjI bhAtane eka sikko vajanamAM nAno-35 2.no che ane hi. sa. 943 mAM bahAra paDa hato. emAM badalIya vartuLamAM AgalI bAju para "nyAyI sulatAna biruda ane varSa-saMkhyA ane pAchalI bAju para "sulatAna' biruda vinA enuM tema ene pitAnuM nAma che. cothI bhAtamAM pAchalI bAju para 'sulatAna'nA biruda sAthe enuM tema enA pitAnuM nAma che tathA enA nAma upara varSa-saMkhyA aMkita che, ane AgalI bAju para "IzvaramAM AsthAvALuM sUtra ane lakaba tathA kunyAvALuM lakhANa che, jyAre AmAMnA sikkAnI bIjI bAjue x cokaDIvALuM TaMkazALanuM cina aMkita che je sarva prathama mahamUdazAha 1 lAnA sikkA para jovA maLe che. pAMcamI bhAtamAM AgalI bAju para varSa-saMkhyA uparAMta sulatAnanAM lakaba ane kunyA tathA pAchalI bAju para "sulatAna" biruda sAthe enA tema enA pitAnA nAmavALuM lakhANa che. tAMbAmAM bahAdurazAhanA rAjyAre haNanA varSamAM DhaMkAyelA sikkAonI bhAta lakhANanI dRSTie anerI che. 219 thI 220 gre. ane 145 thI 146 gre. ema be judA nANA-ekama darzAvatA sikkAovALI bhAtamAM TUMkuM paNa atyAra sudhInA koI paNa sikkAmAM na maLatuM lakhANa maLe che. AgalI bAju para sulatAnanuM nAma tema biruda tathA pAchalI bAju para TaMkAmaNa-varSa arabI zabdo temaja AkaDAmAM aMkita che, je Ama paNa asAdhAraNa gaNAya.33

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pari.] saltanatanI TakzALA ane emAM paDAvelA sikkA [21 tAMbAnI bIjI bhAtanA sikkA prathama hi. sa. 934mAM zarU thaI .i sa. 940 sivAya enA rAjyakAlanA chellA varSa sudhI TakAvA cAlu rahyA hatA. AmAM bhAre-251 thI 264 gre,nA vajanavALA si o uparAMta 168 thI 176 gre., 1730 thI 131 gre. ane 77 thI 86 gre, vajanavALA sikkA paNa maLe che. A bhAtanuM AgalI bAjunuM lakhANa enI cAMdInI pAMcamI bhAta jevuM lakaba ane kunyAvALu che, paNa ahIM vadhu saMkhyA AgalI bAju para ja che, TaMkazALanuM cihna nathI ane pa.chalI bAju para * sulatAna ' biruda sAthe enuM tema enA pitAnuM nAma vartuLa kSetranA badale cArasa kSetramAM che ane phUla ke UDatA pakSI jevuM 8 kazALanuM cihna che. A bhAta sAmAnya che. A bhAtamAM vajana ane lakhANanI gAThavaNunA vaividhyane laIne keTalAka viziSTa prakAra jovA maLe che. tAMbAnI trIjI mukhya bhAta 'zAhe hiMda' saMjJAdhArI padyalakhANavALI vikhyAta zreNInA sikkAonI che. A sikkA sananatatA si!emAM eka navI ja bhAtane umerA kare che, kemake muhammadazAha 2 jAnA padyalakhANanI apekSAe A sikka!nA padyalakhANamAM sulatAnanuM nAma tema lakaba ke kunyA kaM nathI, eTale A sikkA pADanAra vize zarUAtamAM sikkA-zAstrIomAM matabheda hateA, paNa muhammadAbAda-cAMpAneramAMthI hi. sa. 935 ane 940 vacce bahAra paDelA sikkA maLI AvyA pachI A sikkA bahAduranA ja che e vize ka MI zaMkA rahI nathI.35 A sikkAmAM bahAdurazAhane ' zAhe hiMdu '--samagra bhAratanA rAjavI tarIke biradAvatI padyapaMktinuM paheluM caraNu agalI bAju para ane bIjuM caraNa cerasa kSetramAM varSa saMkhyA sAthe khIjI bAju para apAyuM che te pAchalI bAju para vRttakha`DamAM TaMkazALanA nAma-upanAmanA eka ke vadhu aMza aMkita paNa che. : A bhAtanA prApya sikka! vajanamAM 129 thI 132 gre, ane krura thI 66 gre.tA che. A zreNImAM A bhAtanI gauNu kahevAya tevI bhAtanA sikkAomAM pAchalI bAjunuM lakhANa vartuLa kSetramAM ke sikkAnI geALAI para che, eTale ke hAMsiyAmAM TaMkazALanA nAmavALuM lakhANu nathI. AvA TaMkazALanA nAma vinAnA prApya sikkA hi. sa. 938 ane 939 mAM DhaMkAyA hatA ane teenuM vajana 130 thI 132 gre. ane 64thI 67 gre. che. eka sikko 31 gre.neA paNa maLyo che.36 bahAdurazAha pachI enA bhAI lIkkhAnaneA putra mahamUdazAha 7 jo gAdIe beTho.36 enAM lakakha ane kanyA 'nAsIrunyAvaddIna abUrha che. enA ' 4-5-16

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242] saltanata kAla sikkA traNe dhAtumAM upalabdha che. ahIM e hakIkata neMdhapAtra che ke gujarAtanA sulatAnanA prApya sonAnA sikkAomAM mahamUdazAha 3jAnA sikkAonI saMkhyA sauthI vadhu che. mAtra moTI vahiyala(ji. surata)vALA nidhimAM ja enA 63 sikkA maLyA che;37 e pahelAM paNa enA 12 sikkA upalabdha hovAnI noMdha che. A sika sonAnA pUrA vajana-185 gre.nA che. e mahamUdazAha 3 jAnI saMgIna nANApaddhatinA ghotaka che. AmAMnA ekeya sikkA para TaMkazALanuM nAma nathI, paNa meTI vahiyalavALA namUnAomAM aMdara eka TapakAvALA nAnA vartuLanuM cihna che, je mahamUdazAha begaDAnA taLAjAvALA mizradhAtunA be sikkAo para prathama vAra maLe che. A sikakA bahudhA ekasarakhI bhAtanA che. AgalI bAju para mahamUdazAha 1lAnA cAMdInA sikkAomAM vaparAyela "paropakArI IzvaramAM AsthAvALA sUtra sAthe sulatAnanA lakaba ane kanyA che38 ane bIjI bAju para cerasa kSetramAM enA pitAmaha ane prapitAmahanA sikkA jevI goThavaNavALA "sulatAna' biruda sAthe enuM tema enA pitAnuM nAma tathA varSa saMkhyA che. 39 sulatAnanA rAjyakAlanA prAraMbhanA-hi. sa. 946949mAM DhaMkAyelA sikkAomAM varSa saMkhyA nIcenA vRttakhaMDamAM aMkita che, jyAre corasa kSetramAM varSa-saMkhyAvALA sikkA hi. sa. 949 mAM ane e pachI hi. sa. 956 sudhI dareka varSamAM ane hi. sa. 96 mAM bahAra paDayA hatA. mahamUdazAha 3 jAnA cAMdInA sikkAonI bhAtamAM paNa khAsa vaividhya nathI. pahelI mukhya bhAta enA sonAnI cerasa kSetramAM varSavALI bhAta jevI che. A sikkA hi. sa. 95052 ane 959mAM TaMkAyA hatA ane vajanamAM 108 thI 110 2 nA chemAtra eka beMdhAyela namUno 55 grene che. cAMdInI bIjI mukhya bhAtamAM baMne bAjunuM lakhANa pahelI bhAta jevuM che, paNa enI goThavaNa pharI gaI che. A bhAtanA mAtra hi. sa. 951 ane 961 nA 101 thI 110 gre., 53 gre. tathA (eka) 35 2. vajananA sikkA maLe che. tAMbAmAM mahamUdazAhanA sikakA sArI saMkhyAmAM temaja bhAvonI vividhatAvALA che. enA eka sikakA para nAmano eka vaNe devanAgarI lipimAM aMkita che. vajananI daSTie A sikakA sAta bhAgamAM vaheMcI zakAya 240 thI ra60 2, 198 thI 2215 gre, 164 thI 13 gre, 130 thI 143 ge., 65thI 75 gre, 46 gre. ane 32 thI 37 gre. A sikkAomAM amuka para TaMkazALanuM nAma maLe

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pari] saltanatanI TaMkazALe ane emAM paDAvelA sikkA [24 che. eka navI ja TaMkazALa delatAbAda(vaDodarA)ne ene eka sikko maLyo che. bIjI TaMkazALo jeonA sikkA maLyA che te muhammadAbAda-cAMpAnera, ahamadAbAda ane dIvanI che. mahamUdazAha 3 jAnuM tAMbA-nANuM lakhANanI dRSTie traNa bhAtamAM vaheMcI zakAya : ekamAM mAtra enAM lakaba ane nAma, bAjImAM lakaba ane kanyA ne enuM tema enA pitAnuM nAma, ane trIjImAM senAcAMdInI eka bhAta, jemAM "IzvaramAM AsthAvALA sUtra sAthe lakaba kunyA ane enuM tema enA pitAnuM nAma che. A traNa mukhya bhAtomAM goThavaNa lakhAvaTa-kSetra varSa-saMkhyA vagerenA ochAvattA pherane laIne vividha gauNa bhAte jovAmAM AvI che. * A traNa bhAta uparAMta, evo eka sikko neMdhAyo che ke jemAM AgalI bAju para pahelI bhAtanuM lakabavALuM lakhANa che, paNa judI goThavaNa sAthe ane pAchalI bAju para cerasa kSetramAM varSa saMkhyA temaja sulatAna ane enA pitAnuM nAma "sulatAna' biruda sAthe hovA uparAMta nAmano eka varNa devanAgarImAM jovA maLe che.41 mahamUdazAha 3 jAnA samayamAM nANa-paddhatimAM eka mahatvano pheraphAra thayo hate. saurASTranAM kaccha navAnagara junAgaDha ane porabaMdara jevAM pradhAna rajavADAM. mAM zAhI sikkAothI judA paNa evI ja bhAtanA gujarAtanA sulatAnanAM nAma lakaba vagere lakhANa sAthe devanAgarI lipimAM tyAMnA rAjavInuM nAma dharAvatA sikkAonuM calaNa IsavInA 19mA zataka sudhI cAlu rahyuM hatuM. eno AraMbha, atyAra sudhI manAtuM AvyuM hatuM te pramANe, mujhaphapharazAha 3 jAna samayathI nahi, paNa mahamUdazAha 3 jAnA samayathI thayo hato e vikhyAta itihAsakAra ane sikkA zAstrI pri. hADIvALA dvArA puravAra thayuM che.' mahamUdazAha 3 jA pachI ahamatazAha 3 jo takhtanazIna thayo. ene lakabe giyAsuddanyAviddona', kanyA "abUlamahAmida' ane nAma " ahamadazAha" che. enA paNa traNe dhAtuomAM sikkA maLe che, paNa teonI saMkhyA temaja bhAtavaividhya maryAdita che. 43 lakhANamAM paNa evA sikkAomAM vizeSatA nathI, sivAya ke enA sikkAomAM enA abhilekhe nI jema "Izvara para mukhya AdhAra rAkhanAra bhAvArthavALA eka navA sUtrane prayoga thayo che. sonAmAM ahamadazAha 3 jAnA cAra sikkA prApta thayA che. emanA moTI vahiyalavALA traNa namana pUrA vajananA ane cotho je lakhanaunA myujhiyamamAM che te

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244] satata kAla adha vajanane che. AmAMnA pUrA vajanavALA sikkAonuM vajana prakAzita noMdhamAM ApyuM nathI, ardha maheranuM vajana 91 - gre. che, eTale AkhI mahera 185 grenA dhoraNavALI hovI joIe. A sikkA ahamadazAha 3 jAnA rAjyakAlanA bIjA varSa eTale hi. sa. 962 tathA e pachI hi. sa. 965 ane 967 mAM DhaMkAyA hatA. alabatta cAMdI sikkA enA rAjayakAlanA dareka varSa (hi. sa. 961 thI 968)nA prApya che. - cAMdImAM enA noMdhAyelA saLeka jeTalA sikkAomAMthI vajanamAM be bhAre- 221 ane 222 2.nA-che, bAkInA 16 6 thI 167 gre, 137 gre, 104 thI. 111 gre., 82 2. ane pa3 thI pa pa .nA che. tAMbAmAM enA sikkA banI saMkhyA ThIka ThIka che temaja e che rAjakAlanAM badhAM varSonA namUtA upalabdha che. teonuM vajana 213 thI 223 gre., 163 thI 171 gre, 138 thI 149 2. 70thI 87 gre. ane 64 thI 73 ge. che. moTA bhAganA sikkAo para TaMkazALanuM nAma aMkita nathI. tAMbAmAM amuka namUnAo para amadAvAdamAM TUMkA havAne ulekha che. ahamadazAha 3 jA anugAnIe mujhaphpharazAha 3 jAnAM lakaba kunyA tathA nAma "zabyunyAddIna" "abUtrasa" "mujhaphpharazAha dhAraNa karyo. gujarAtanA A chellA sulatAnanA hi. sa. 968-80 ane hi.sa. 991-92 nA rAjyakALa daramyAna TaMkAyelA sikakA traNe dhAtumAM upalabdha che, je moTe bhAge lakhANa goThavaNa vagere bAbatomAM enA purogAmIonA sikkAo jevA che. - mujhaphapharazAha 3 jAnA sonAnA sikkA traNeka maLyA hovAnI mAhitI che. A traNe sikkA eka ja bhAtanA che ne 185 2. vajananA che. cAMdImAM enA prApya sikakAonI saMkhe ThIka evI che, paNa emAM bhAte maryAdita che. eka bhAta lakhANanI dRSTie salatanatanI sikakA-zreNImAM navI ja bhAtano umero kare che. emAM kalimArka ane pahelA cAra khalIphAovALuM lakhANa che, je akabaranA sikkAomAM maLe che.45 A navA lakhANavALA sikkA vajanamAM 174 gre. ane 87 greDanA ane bAkI che 136 thI 14ra gre, 110 thI 118 gre, 67thI 74 2. ane 31 thI 36 2.nA che. senA ke cAMdInA keI sikkA para TaMkazALanuM nAma maLyuM nathI, paNa tAMbAmAM amuka sikkAo para TaMkazALanuM nAma che, jemAMnA moTA bhAganA namUnA amadAvAda ane cAMpAneranA che. vaLI tAMbAnA sikkAonI lakhANa temaja enI

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pari. sahatanatanI TaMkazALo ane emAM paDAvelA sikA (245 goThavaNanI dRSTie vividha bhAte che, bake lakhANamAM mujhapharazAha 3 jAnA tAMbAnA sikkAmonI amuka viziSTatA dRSTigocara thAya che. enA amuka sikkAemAM muhammadazAha 2 jAnA sikkAvALI padyapaMktine enAM nAma ane lakabane anurUpa banAvI prayoga thayA che. taduparAMta beeka namUnAomAM ahamadazAha 3 jAnA sikkAonI AgalI bAjunuM lakhANa apanAvavAmAM AvyuM che. ekAda namUnAmAM e nI kanyA "akhUnnasa'nA badale "abUlamujAhida' aMkita che. vajanamAM paNa tAMbAnA sikkAo mAM ghaNuM vaividhya che : prApya namUnA 214 thI 220 gre, 151 thI 178 gre, 12thI 1475 gre, 98 thI 100 gre, 80thI 88 gre, 68 thI 71 gre. temaja 35 grenA che, senAnA traNe sikkA eka bhAtanA che, je lagabhaga mujhapharazAha 2 jAnI sonAnI pahelI mukhya bhAta jevI che, eTale ke AgalI bAju para "mahAdayALu IzvaranA TekA para AdhAra rAkhanAra " sUtranI sAthe sulatAnane lakaba ane kanyA che ane pAchalI bAju para corasa kSetramAM varSa saMkhyA ane "sulatAna' biruda sAthe enuM temaja enA pitAnuM nAma che. hAMsiyAmAM lakhANane badale nakazIdAra suzobhana che. A sikkA hi. sa. 968, 970 ane 977 ne maLyA che. cAMdInI pahelI bhAta AgalI bAju para, sahelAIthI oLakhI zakAya tevA eka zabdanA nahivata jevA sthaLaphera sivAya, senAnA sikkA jevI che. bIjI bhAta uparanA ja lakhANavALI, paNa goThavavAmAM saheja pheraphAravALI che, eTale ke mujhapharazAha 2 jAnI ca dInI ja pahelI bhAtanA amuka namUnA jevI che. AmAM eka namUnA para pAchalI bAjunuM lakhANa vartuLa kSetramAM che. temaja hAMsiyAmAM lakhANanAM cihna jaNAya che, paNa ekaMdare lakhAvaTa aNaghaDa che. cAMdInI trIjI bhAtanA mAtra be ja sikakA upalabdha hovAnI noMdha che, paNa tethI bhAtanI dRSTie enuM mahattva UlaTuM vadhAre che. A sikkAomAM AgalI bAju para rasa kSetramAM islAmano mULabhUta siddhAMta kalimA ane vRttakhaMDamAM pahelA cAra khalIphAone eka eka vizeSa guNa darzAvanArAM sUtro tathA pAchalI bAjue evA ja kSetramAM varSa-saMkhyA ane "sulatAna" birada sAthe enuM temaja enA pitAnuM nAma tathA uparanI bhAta karatAM sAva judI goThavaNavALuM ane hAMsiyAmAM TaMkazALanuM nAma aMkita che.47 satanatanI AkhI sikakA-zreNImAM kalimA ane cAra khalIphAvALAM sUtranA 8.khANavALA A mAtra be pahelA ane AkharI upalabdha namUnA che, je hi.sa. 991mAM eTale ke mujhapharazAha 3 jAe akabaranuM sarvoparipaNuM phagAvI

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re . saltanata kAla tri. 8muM gujarAtamAM AvIne pharI gAdI hAtha karI te samayamAM TuMkAyA hatA. bemAMthI eka AkhA-174 gre. ane bIjo-ardha 87 gre. vajanane che. TakAvAno samaya temaja akabaranA kalimA ane khalIphAovALA lakhANanA sikakA jotAM ema anumAna karI zakAya ke gujarAtI TaMkazALomAM zarU karela mughala sikkAonI AgalI bAjunA sikkAnAM bIbAM badalavAmAM AvyAM na hatAM. lakhAvaTa banAvaTa ane dekhAvamAM A sikkA AkarSaka che. | mujhapharazAha 3 jAnI tAMbAnI pahelI bhAta lakhANanI dRSTie asAmAnya gaNAya. AmAM AgalI bAju para enuM tema enA pitAnuM nAma che tathA pAchalI bAju para TaMkazALanuM nAma "ahamadAbAda' aMkita che, paNa varSa saMkhyAla nathI, mAgalI bAju para mAtra sulatAnanA, enA pitAnA nAma sahita ke vinAnA, nA navALA sikkA gujarAta zreNImAM Ama paNa durlabha che, paNa ema nA eka para sulatAnanA nAma sAthe enA pitAnuM nAma na hovA uparAMta bIjI bAju para TaMkazALanuM nAma nathI. prastuta sikkAonuM vajana 170 gre. ane 85 gre. che. tAMbAnI bIjI bhAta paNa amadAvAdamAM aMkAyelA sikkAonI che. Ama gujarAta-zreNImAM sAmAnya evI ahamadazAha 1 lAnA samayamAM zarU thayelI bhAta jevuM lakhANa-AgalI bAju para sulatAnane lakaba ane varSa sa khyA ane pAchalI bAju para carasa kSetramAM sulatAna' biruda ane enuM nAma ane hAMsiyAmAM TaMkazALanuM nAma aMkita che.* amadAvAdanI TaMkazALamAMthI bahAra paDelA sikaka enI trIjI bhAta bIjI bhAta jevI che, paNa emAM AgalI bAju para lakamAM ane kunyAvALuM lakhANa che ane varSa-paMkhyA pAchalI bAjue che." tAM tAmAM corI mukhya bhAta padyalakhANavALI che. Ama A bhalI bAju para sulatAne apanAvelI muhammadazAha 2 jAnA sikkAvALI padyapaMktinuM bIju caraNa che ane pAchalI bAju para vatu La ke corasa kSetramAM sulatAna' birUda sAthe enuM nAma ane varSa-saMkhyA che ne amuka hAMsiyAmAM TaMkazALanA nAmano aMza paNa jevA maLe che. para AvI ja pAchalI bAjuvALA, paNa AgalI bAju para sulatAnanA lakabanA lakhANavALA, pAMcamI bhAtanA namUnAomAMnA ekAda para TaMkazALanuM upanAma zahe gumarajana maLatuM hoI bAkInA namUnA paNa amadAvAda TaMkazALanA haze ema mAnavAmAM vAMdho nathI.53

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pari] satanananI kaMkazALI ane emAM paDAvelA sima richa tAMbAnI chaThThI bhAtanA sikkA ThIka ThIka saMkhyAmAM maLe che. A bhAta sonA ane cAMdInI mukhya bhAta jevI che. enA lakhANanI beThavaphera, kSetraphera ke evA ochAvattA pheraphAravALA vividha namUnA upalabdha thAya che.pa4 tAMbAnI sAtamI bhAtamAM beeka sikkA che, jemAM AgalI bAju para ahamadazAha 3 jAnuM sUtravALuM lakhANa che ane pAchalI bAjue sulatAnanuM nAma ane varSa saMkhyA che. AmAMnA eka sikkA para hi. sa. 178 aMkita che.55 TaMkazALe upalabdha namUnAo parathI saltanatanA sikkAomAM TaMkAmaNa-sthaLanuM nAma ApavAnI prathA ekaMdare pracalita hatI e spaSTa dekhAI Ave che. sulatAna mujhapharazAha 1 lAnA te mAtra atialpa saMkhyAmAM sikkA maLyA che, jemAMnA eka para paNa TaMkazALanuM nAma nathI, paraMtu sulatAna ahamadazAha 1 lAnA sikkA para sarva prathama TaMkazALanuM nAma maLe che. e pachI muhammadazAha 2 jA ane ahamadazAha 2 jAne bAda karatAM bAkI dareka sulatAnanA ochAvattA sikkAo para TaMkazALanuM nAma maLe che. A pramANe atyAra sudhImAM sAta TaMkazALonAM nAma maLyAM che. aitihAsika sAdhanAmAM paNa A bAbata vadhu, balake kaMI mAhitI maLatI nathI. TaMkazALanA nAma vinAnA sikkA A sAtamAMthI eka TaMkazALanA haze ke bIjI koI ajJAta TakazALa ke TaMkazALomAMthI bahAra pADavAmAM AvyA haze e kahevuM muzkela che. amuka sikakAo para kaI cihna aMkita maLe che, je sAdhAraNa rIte TaMkazALanuM cihna lekhAya che. satanatanI zreNImAM maLI AvatAM AvAM 14 cihnone koThe siMghale emanI prinsa opha velsa myujhiyamanI sikkA-yAdImAM Apyo che, jemAM ApelAM citro parathI ochAmAM ochA be vadhArAnAM cihna umerI zakAya. A cihno sAce ja eka yA bIjI TaMkazALa sAthe saMkalita che ke mAtra alaMkArarUpe che e vize nizcita abhiprAya bAMdhI zakAya ema nathI, paNa A cihno alaMkAracogya kalAtmaka ke suMdara ghATa ke AkAranAM heI temaja badhA sikkAo para nahi, paNa amuka sikkAo para ja maLatAM heI, ane teonI saMkhyA paNa nAnI heI, teo TaMkazALa sAthe saMkaLAyelAM hoya ema mAnavuM vadhu ISTa che. atyAra sudhI mAtra eka ciTUna evuM maLyuM che ke je be TaMkazALanAM nAma dharAvanArA sikkAo para maLyuM che. UDatA pakSI ke phUla jevuM A cihna bAdazAhanA eka cAMpAneranA ane ahamadazAha 3 jAnA eka amadAvAdanA sikkA para aMkita kahevAya che,

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248] sahatanata kAla [ 8muM eTale ke eka TaMkazALa mATe ja eka ke vadhu cina nirdhArita thayAM haze ema na lAge, paNa uparyukta bemAMthI eka sikkAnuM citra na ApyuM hovAthI, A sikkA be judI TaMkazALonA ja che e nizcita na thAya tyAMsudhI amuka cina ke cine amuka TaMkazALa mATe nirdhArita haze evI aTakaLa sAva pAyA vagaranI na gaNAya. 1. ahamadAbAda (amadAvAda) sulatAna ahamadazAha 1 lAe I.sa. 1411 mAM vasAvelA A nagaramAM zAhI TaMkazALa hoya e dekhItuM che; paNa A TaMkazALamAMthI bahAra paDelA sikakAomAMthI A TaMkazALanuM nAma dharAvanAre ene eka paNa sikkA maLyuM nathI, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa A sikko sarva prathama mahamUdazAha 3 jAne hi.sa. 959mAM TaMkAyele maLe che, 57 e Azcaryajanaka lAge che. cAMdInA A eka sikkA uparAMta ahIMthI hi.sa. 991 mAM bahAra paDela mujhaphapharazAha 3 jAne eTale ke enA bIjA rAjyakAlane maLyo che.58 A be namUnAo sivAya senA ke cAMdImAM amadAvAdane eka paNa sikako maLe nathI e sUcaka che. tAMbAmAM paNa mahamUdazAha 3 jAnA samayanA temaja e pachInA sikakA maLyA che. enA hi.sa. 953-957, 960, ahamadazAha 3 jAnA hi.sa. 964 ane mujhapharazAha 3 jAnA hi.sa. 970 ne 977-78mAM bahAra paDelA sikkA maLyA che. A badhA sikakAonI saMkhyA nAnI che. 59 paNa ahamadazAha 1 lA ane bIjA sulatAnanA sonA cAMdI temaja tAMbAnA sikakA zAhI TaMkazALamAMthI bahAra to paDyA hovA joIe. reva. TelaranA mate rAjadhAnInI A zAhI TaMkazALa AkhA saltanata kAlamAM, upara jaNAvyA mujaba, thoDAM ja varSo daramyAna cAlu ke sakriya rahI hoya ke emAMthI ATalI ochI saMkhyAmAM ane e paNa bahudhA tAMbAnA sikkA DhaMkAyA hoya e asaMbhavita, balake eTaluM asaMbhavita che ke TaMkazALanA nAma vagaranA gujarAtanA badhA sikakA amadAvAdanI TaMkazALamAMthI bahAra paDyA hatA evI dhAraNA karavAmAM vadhe nathI. saltanatanI pahelI TaMkazALa-sarva prathama sthapAyelI ane rAjadhAnImAM hovAne laIne mahattamAM paNa prathama tarIke vikhyAta heI, TaMkazALanuM nAma e sikkAo para aMkita karavAnI AvazyakatA na jaNAI heya. AnAthI UlaTuM, bIjI TaMkazALomAMthI bahAra paDelA sikkAonI vizeSatA jANavA khAtara, sikkAo upara tyAMnI TaMkazALanuM nAma aMkita karavAmAM AvyuM hoya e svAbhAvika che. *

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saltanatanI TALo ane emAM paDAvelA siddhA [sa upalabdha amuka namUnAo para TaMkazALanA nAma sAthe 'ahamadAbAda' a te mAnA upana.ma . muajJajJana arthAt 'sauthI mahAna nagara' maLe che. mujhaphpharazAha 3 jAnA upayu kta hi. sa. 991 nA sikkAmAM mAnAha upanAma nathI. enA khInna e sikkAomAM vAra- zabda 'ahamadAbAda' sAthe maLe che, tene mAnA upanAma lekhavA ucita nathI. 1 pari.] 2. ahamadanagara hAla hi'matanagara tarIke oLakhAtA A nagaranI TaMkazALa sthapAI hatI e ahIMthI bahAra paDelA hi. sa. jaNAya che. ra sthApanA sAthe ja tyAM 829 nA sikkA parathI A zaheranuM mAnADu upanAma sikkAo para za dumAyU' arthAt 'zukanavatu, zubha nagara' akita che. A Te kazALa mAtra ahamadazAha 1lAnA samayamAM ja ane e paNa enA tAMbAnA nANA mATe sakriya rahI haiAya ema upalabdha sikkAe parathI jaNAya che. A TaMkazALanA hi. sa nAM 834 varSa bAda karatAM enA rAjyakAlanA dareka varSanA sikkA prApya che.63 bIjA koI paNa sulatAnane eka paNa sikko haju ahIMthI maLyA nathI, 3. mustaphAbAda (jUnAgaDha) mahamUdazAH megaDAe sAra-vijaya pachI hi.sa. 875 mAM jUnAgaDhanuM nAma islAmanA pegambara sAhebanA 'mustaphrA' upanAma parathI 'mutaphAbAda' rAkhyuM hatuM. AkhA seAraDa prAMtamAM e samaye A agatyanuM sthaLa hoI tyAM TaMkazALa ra khavAne vicAra AvyA hoya e svAbhAvika che, mahamUdazAhanA athI bahAra paDelA cAMdI temaja mizrita dhAtunA ThIka ThIka saMkhyAmAM ane tAMbAmAM sArI sa MkhyAmAM sikkA maLyA che.64 anugAmIomAM enA putra mujhaphrazAha 2 jAnA mAtra cAMdI / / e sikkA maLyA che. 65 A sikkAe seAra-vijaya hi. sa. 875mAM thaye| te pachI cAthA varSathI laI mahamUdazAha begaDAnA lagabhaga aMtakALa hiM. sa. 915 sudhInAM lagabhaga badhAM varSoMnA maLe che.66 enA putra mujhaphpharazAha 2 jAtA samayamAM paNa A TakazALa cAlu rahI hatI e e / / upayu kta hi.sa. 926 - kAmaNu va che, eTale echAmAM AchuM hi.sa. 926 sudhI TaMkazALa cAlu rahI hatI ema kahI zakAya sulatAna mahamUdazAhanA A TaMkazALanA sikkAenI khAsa karIne judAM judAM bhaumitika lakhANakSetre noMdhapAtra che.

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50] salatanata kAla [, 8 muM mustaphAbAdanA eka paNa prApya namUna para nagaranuM asala nAma jUnAgaDha', aMkita maLatuM nathI e hakIkatanI neMdha levI ghaTe. mustaphAbAdanuM mAnArha upanAma za mAtta arthAta "sauthI moTuM nagara' che. 4. muhamadAbAda (cAMpAnera). hi.sa. 889mAM cAMpAnera jItI mahamUdazAha begaDAe tenuM nAma "muhammadAbAda rAkhyuM. A navA nagaramAMthI bahAra paDelA sikkAo para enuM nAma traNa rIte aMkita che: "muhammadAbAda', muhammadAbAda u cAMpAnera" ane "cAMpAnera. emAM cAMpAneravALA sikAo sivAya bIjAM be nAma sAthe mAnA upanAma che mukkarma arthAta "mAnavaMtuM nagarane prayoga thayo che. | gujarAtanI badhI TaMkazALAmAM ahIMnI TaMkazALa vadhu samaya sudhI kriyAzIla rahI hatI ema upalabdha nananAo parathI jaNAya che. A TaMkazALane sarvaprathama upalabdha sikako hi.sa. 891 eTale cAMpAnera-vijayanA be varSa pachI che?7 temaja chele sikake mujhaphapharazAha 3 jAne hi. sa. 977ne che. bIjuM A TaMkazALamAMthI sauthI vadhu sulatAnee bahAra pADelA sikkA upalabdha che. emAM mahamUdazAha 1 lA (begaDA), mujhaphapharazAha 2 jA, bahAdurazAha, mahamUdazAha 3 jA ane mujhaphapharazAha 3 jAnA sikkAono samAveza thAya che. * cAMpAnera TaMkazALanI, prApya sikkAo jotAM, bIjI eka viziSTatA e che ke ahIM thI bahudhA cAMdInA sikkA bahAra paDyA hatA. cAMdInI tulanAe ahI TaMkAyelA tAMbAnA sikkAonI saMkhyA a85 che. mahamUdazAhanA eka ke be sivAya bAkInA sikkA cAMdInA che.70 mujhapharazAhanA baMne sikkA cAMdInA che.71 mahamUdazAha 1 lAnA upayukta be namanAo uparAMta bahAdurazAha,72 mahamUdazAha ra jA73 ane mujhapharazAha 3 jAnA upalabdha namUnA tAMbAnA che, jemAM chellA be sulatAnane mAtra eka eka namUnA maLe che.74 AmAM mujhaphapharazAha 2 jA, bahAdurazAha ane mahamUdazAha 3 jAnA sikkAo para kevaLa mAnArha upanAma sAthe nagaranuM nAma "muhammadAbAda" maLe che, jyAre mujhapharazAha 3 jAnA sikkA para mAtra mULa nAma cAMpAnera aMkita che. cAMpAneranA sikkAomAM paNa mustaphAbAda(junAgaDha)nA sikkAo jevuM bhAtanuM vaividhya che. 5. dIva seArASTramAM AvelA dIva TApumAM dIva zahera khAte paNa eka TaMkazALa hatI evuM amuka upalabdha sikkAo parathI pratIta thAya che. atyAra sudhI A

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pari.1 satananI TaMkazALI ane emAM paThAvelA sikkA ripa1 TaMkazALanA chaeka sikkA mata che, jemAM traNa cAMdInA ane be tAMbAnA mahamUdazAha 1 lAnA5 ane eka tAMbAna mahamUdazAha 3 jAno che. AmAMthI pUrvokta cAMdInA sikkAo para TakAmaNa-varSa hi. sa. 900 che. tAMbAmAM mAtra mahamUdazAha 3 jAnA sikkA para hi. sa. 958 che. Ama dIvanI TaMkazALa bahudhA mahamUdazAha 1 lInA samayamAM sakriya hatI, paNa enA mAtra eka varSanA ane e paNa alpa saMkhyAmAM ahIMnA sikkA upalabdha che e Azcaryajanaka gaNAya. e ja pramANe mujhapharazAha 2 jA ane bahAdurazAhanA samayamAM malika ayAjha ane enA putro jevA zaktizALI amIro ane saradAro jyAM niyukta hatA te dIvanuM rAjakIya temaja naukAmathaka hovA uparAMta videza sAthenA vyApAranA mathaka tarIkenuM mahatva hatuM e jotAM paNa A sulatAnemAMthI ekeyane kaI siko ahIMne bho nathI, e paNa Azcaryajanaka che. mahamUdazAha 3 jAnA prAya sikkA parathI ema kahI zakAya ke enA samayamAM thoDA samaya mATe pharI e kriyAzIla banI hatI. Ano artha e ghaTAvI zakAya ke sulatAna bahAdurazAhanA mRtyu pachI dIva porTugIjhanA kapajAmAM gayuM e pachI mahamUdazAha 3 jAe e pAchuM meLavavAnA athAka prayAsa karyA hatA e daramyAna thoDA samaya mATe hi.sa. 958 mAM kaI samaye enI tyAM sattA sthapAI hatI, alabatta A dIvaTaMkazALano sikko sAce ja e je hoya te. A sikkAo para zaheranuM nAma vitta-e-va arthAta "koTabaMdha nagara dIva" athavA "dIvapradeza' aMkita che. ka, burahAnapura | mujhapharazAha rajAnA hi.sa. 921-23 ane 926mAM TaMkAyelA amuka cAMdInA temaja hi.sa. 920-23mAM DhaMkAyelA amuka tAMbAnA sikakAo para burahAnapura' nAma maLe che.78 A burahAnapura e madhyapradezanA pUrvanimADa jillAmAM Avela eka vakhatanI khAnadezanA phArUkI rAjAonI rAjadhAnI burahAnapura che. A TaMkazALanA hi.sa. 920 ane hi.sa. 926 vacce bahAra paDelA mAtra mujhapharazAha 2 jAnA ja cAreka cAMdI ane pAMceka tAMbAnA sikkAo* sivAya bIjo eka paNa sikko prApta thayo nathI e jotAM ahIM mAtra maryAdita samaya mATe gujarAtane sulatAnanA sikkA TaMkAyA hatA ema mAnavuM paDe. 7. dolatAbAda mahamUdazAha 3 jAnA maLI AvelA be sikkAo81 parathI saltanatanI eka navI TaMkazALa de latAbAda-vaDodarA khAte hatI e siddha thAya che. AmAMnA

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[x. 8 mu 252] eka namUnA para TaMkazALanu nAma sAva spaSTa che ane enA pATha biro zaka nathI.82 A sikkA para dolatAbAda (dAlata AbAda) aMkita che, e uparAMta vaDAdarA mATe phrArasI itihAsa pustake mAM vaparAta bda "arAdA"A "khara' aMza paNa vaMcAya che eTale dAlatAbAda-vaDAdarA khAte TaMkazALa hatI e niHzaMka che. mujhaphUpharazAha 2 jAe rAjyArAhaNunA gheADA samaya bAda vaDAdarA tarapha prasthAna karI tyAM delatAbAda zahera vasAvyu hatu. ema itihAsakArAe noMdhyu che,83 eTale dolatAbAda--DAdarA khAte enA samayamAM TaMkazALa sthapa I heAya e banavAjoga che, paNa tyAMtA ene ke jenA traNamAMthI eka paNa putrane sikko haju sudhI maLyuM nathI. saltanata kAla ahIMnA mahamUdazAha 3 janA sikkAeka para varSAM nathI, TUMkamAM, dolatAbAdanI TaMkazALa murazAhara jAnA samayathI laI te mahamUdazAhe 3 jAtA samaya sudhI rahI hoya ema jaNAya che, A uparAMta briTiza myujhiyama laMDananA eka hi.sa. 91 nA mujhakUphpharaza'hu 3 jAnA sikkAne tyAMnI yAdImAM anizcitarUpe *za diyA Ada' TaMkazALane lakhyuM he.84 zAkriyAbAda nAmanuM koI aitihAsika sthaLa gujarAtamAM nathI, pazu mAvAnI rAjadhAnI mAMDUnuM upanAma ' zAdiyAyAda' hatu e aitihAsika hakIkata che, eTale hi.sa. 991 ne! A sikko e samaye mughala sAmrAjyamAM meLavI devAyelA mALavAnI rAjadhAnImAM TaMkAye haiAya e asaMbhivata che. vaLI reva. TelaranA mate * A sikko mujhakUphpharazAha 3 jAnA ta MbAnI e bhAtane maLatA che, jemAM AgalI bAju para padyaktinuM bIjuM caraNa ane bAjI bAju mAtra sulatAnanuM nAma ane va-saMkhyA85 che. eTale A sikkAnI TaMkazALa vize nirNayAtmaka abhiprAya sikkAnA nirIkSaNa vagara zakaya nathI. Ama atyAra sudhI upalabdha mAhitI pramANe tanatanI upara mujaba sAta TakazALa hatI ema mAnavuM rahyuM. pAdaTIpa 1. samagra bhAratanI simrA-zreNImAM kha'gALa pachI A bAbatamAM gujarAtaneA naMbara Ave ema kahevAmAM saheja paNa atyukti nathI. 2. sAMmAnya rIte muslima rAjavIenA nAmanA, arakhI nAmeAnA anusaraNamAM, traNa bhAga ke aza heAya che : lakakha ke khitAba ( dA.ta., nAsaruddanyAddIna=rAjya ane

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pari.] saltanatanI zALo ane emAM paDAvelA siddhA [253 dharmanA sahAyaka), kanyA(arakhAmAM putra ke pitAnA nAma parathI ALakhavavAnI prathA parathI phalANAne ke phalANI vastune pitA dA.ta., aba=makA pitA, abulapha ha= vijayanA pitA); ane nAma peAte. 6. dakSiNanA bahamI ane mALavAnA sikkAomAM A prakAranAM sUtranu ghaNuM vaividhya che. 4. 'khalIphA" eTale pRthvI para allAhanA pratinidhi, jenI anumati sivAya pRthvInA koI bhAgamAM kAIne sattA calAvavAnA adhikAra nathI. jayAMsudhI nAmane khalIphA rahyo tya sudhI paNa enI aupacArika anumati levAtI. pAchaLathI svataMtra zAsakoe AvI anumati levAnuM baMdha karI *vacit peAtAne 'khalIphA ' tarIke eLakhAvavAnuM zarU karyuM. 5. sikkAnA nAmaneA abhAva gujarAtamAM ja nahi, paNa lagabhaga bhAratanI AkhI islAmI sikkAzreNImAM levA maLe che, 6. AnA vigatavAra varNana mATe jue Rev. George P, Taylor, 'Coins of the Gujarat Sultanat', Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (JBBRAS), Vol. XXI, pp. 320-25; Ibid., New Series, Vol. II, pp. 19-52; C. R. Singhal, Catalogue of the Coins in the Prince of Wales Museum of Western India, Bombay (PWMC), pp. XXXl f. 7. mujhaphphpharazAha 2 jAna! putra sika`darazAhanA cAMdInA sikkA maLyA e pahelAM A abhiprAya badhAyA hatA. sika MdarazAhanA 29.5 ane 207.86 gre. temaja 103, 39 me.nA evA cAMdInA sikkA maLyA che eTale cAMdImAM paNa e ekama hAya ema lAge che. 8. upalabdha sikkAomAM A dizAmAM kacchanA rAve pahela karI heAvAnu` darzAve che, 10. Ibid., Nos. 105-117 9. PWMC, Nos. 30-74 11. ibid., No. 127 a 12. sarakhAve Ibid,, No. 144 ane H. Nelson Wright, The Coins and Metrology of the Sultans of Delhi, Nos. 920, 938-941 B. 13. Journal of the Numismatic Society of India (JNSI), Vol. Ill, p. 109; C. R. Singhal, Bibliography of Indian Coins, part II p. 48, No F. 13 14. aDI' eka virAdhAbhAsI hakIkatanI noMdha levI Te ke gujarAtanA sulatAneAnA sauthI vadhu prApya sAnAnA sikkA mahamUdazAha 1 lAkhegaDA)nA nahi, paNa pramANamAM nabaLA gaNAtA mahemUdazAha 3 nA neAMdhAyA che. 15. JNSi, Vol. I, p. 40, pl. VII C, Vol. XV, p. 224, Nos. 11-19

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254] [pra. 8 mu 16. saMdhi sAthe uccAra fUtta--TrIya. 'khittA' zabdane artha 'killAbaMdha nagara' temaja pradeza' 'vibhAga' ji' vagere thAya che. saltanata kAla 17. sarakhAvA Numismatic Supplement (NS), Vol. XVII, p. 131, pl. XIV, I, PWMC, No. 321. 18, JNSI, Vol. XVIII, p. 216, pl, X, Nos. 11 f. 19, PWMC, Nos. 303-08, 311-14, 318-19 22. Ibid., No. 418 20. Ibid, No. 408 21. Ibid., No. 409, 23, mahamUdazAha 1 lAnA sikkAomAM vrudrimuklR maLe che. 24. mujhaphpharazAha 2 jAne cAMdImAM nANAkIya ekama 60 ke 64 ratI eTale 108 ke 115.2 gre. vajanavALA sikkAneA hatA. e khAkhatamAM sikkAzAsrIe ekamata che. prinsa oNpha velsa myujhiyamanI yAdInA saMkalanakAre paNa A ekama neAMkhyA che. sAthe e ja yAdImAM emaNe eka sikkA(PWMC, No. 445)nu vajana 172 gre. neAMdhyuM che, paNa prastAvanA (Ibid, p. xxxii)mAM A mahattvanA vajanane ullekha karyo nathI e samarjAtuM nathI, alabatta 112 ne badale 172 mudraNadoSa hoya hAya e sabhavita che, 25. alabatta mahamUdazAha 1lAnA 318 gre. vajanane sikko apavAdarUpa che ( Ibid., No. 408). 26. Ibid., No. 512 27. JNSI, Vol. IV, p. 151, pl. XIII C; Vol. IX, p. 119, pl. VIII, Nos. 3 f. AmAMneA eka aDadhe che. 28. Ibid, Vol. VI., pp. 48 f. and plate 29. PWMC, Nos. 513-16; NS, No, XLII, p. 40 3. JNSI, Vol. II, p. 133; Vol, VI, pp. 46 f. 61. eka cAMdInA sikkA(PWMC, No. 523)mAM lakakha 'nAsIndnyAddIna' ane kanyA 'akhUnnasa' tathA khInna eka namUnA(Ibid., No. 524)mAM 'nAsIra'nI jagyAe 'zamsa' hAvAnI noMdha che. e pramANe eka tAMbAnA sikkA (Jbid, No. 534) para enI kanyA 'azrumujhaphphara' a'kita hovAnI neAMdha che. A sikkA vicitra gaNAya. 32. PWMC, No. 517 33. Ibid, Nos, 526-3111 34. Ibid., Nos. 534-578 35. 'zAhe hiMda' zreNI para heADIvAlAneA vistuta lekha NS. Vol. XL, pp. 28 ff. para chapAyA che. 36. PWMC, Nos. 595-99 97. JNSI, Vol. XV, p. 225 36. daramyAna paDAyelA muhammadazAha ka AnA sikkAe mATe juo pAchaLa pR. 122-sa

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pari.] saltanatanI TakazALo ane emAM paDAvelA sikkA [255 38. mahamUdazAha 3 jAnAM lakaba ane kunyA mahamUdazAha 1 lA ane mahamUdazAha 2jAnA jevAM che. 39. PWMC, Nos. 600-606 4. Ibid., Nos. 630-716 41. Ibid., No, 658, paNa A zrI siMdhala jaNAve che tema mahamUddana a'za che te kahevu muzkela che. PWMC, pxxvi para kahyA mujaba maiM sAva spaSTa nathI, temaja maiM karatAM meM jevuM temaja ma pahelAM je aMza haiM gaNyA che te kAnA (JanA aMtargata svaracihna) jevA lAge che. 42. A viSaca para vistRta cA~ mATe jue pri. heADIvAlAnA lekha, JBBRAS, Vol. II, New series, pp. 32-35. 43. JNSI, Vol. XV, p. 225, Nos. 128-30; PWMC, Nos. 717a, 718-769 44. janasamudAyamAM A zabdane uccAra sAdhAraNa rIte 'kame!' karavAmAM Ave che. 45. AvA prApya sikkA akabaranA gujarAta-vijaya pachI pharI eka vAra hi.sa. 991-92 mAM mujhaphpharazAhu ka Ae sattA kabaje karI hatI te samayanA che. 46. PWMC, No. 819 47. PWMC, Nos. 817 f. 48. Ibid, Nos. 820 f. 49. upara joyuM tema mahamUdazAha 1 lAneA eka ane bahAdurazAhanA pAMca sikkA noMdhAyA che, paNa emAMnA ekeyamAM sulatAnanA nAma sAthe enA pitAnuM nAma nathI. 50. PWMC, Nos. 846 f. AmAM No. 846 mAM va sa`khyA kha'ne bAjue che. 51. Ibid., Nos. 840, 842 52. Ibid,, Nos. 848-853 54. Ibid., Nos. 822-25 53. Ibid, Nos. 859 a-b, 866-64, 267 55. Ibid., No. 889mAM lakhANa AMzika che, paNa pri. heADIvAlAneA namUnA pUrA lakhANa tathA varSoMvALA che (JBBRAS, Vol. 11, New series, p. 26. No 30). 56, PWMC, Nos. 579 and 787 57* Ibid, No., 628 58. Ibid, No. 817 59. Ibid, No. 665 2, 666-68, 670.71, 672-73, 675, 678 a, 786-87, 789-90, 820-21, 844-45, 860, 864 6. JBBRAS, Vol. XX!, p, 315 61. PWMC, Nos. 820-21. reva. Telara (Ibid, p. 314) ane emanA anukaraNamAM zrI siMdhala (PWMC, p. xxviii) A zabdonA artha the scat of mint' karIne ene upanAma tarIke gaNe che, paNa vAra-rthanA atha (6Ara=dhara ane arUDhamaM= TImaNu) TaMkAmaNanuM ghara athavA TakAvAnI jagyA eTale TaMkazALa thAya.

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256) salatanata kAla 62. PWMC, No. 30 63. Ibid, Nos. 30-43, 45-48, 50-53, 56-60, 62, 66-68, 0-81, 82-83. 94-101 64. Ibid, Nos. 153-56, 158-60, 162-64, 176-80, 182-88, 190, 194-96, 0 305-08, 311-16, 318, 320, 325-32 a, 336, 339, 341-50, 351-52, 355, 255 , 356, 360, 374, 376-77, 379, 391 65, Ibid., Nos. 438, 446 66. eka sikkA (PWMC, No, 303) para hi. sa. 87 aMkita havAnI noMdha che. A varSamAM mahamUdazAhe giranAra para caDAI karI hatI tyAre e TUMkA hoya evuM anumAna karI zakAya. paNa e samaye "mustaphAbAda nAma apAyuM na hatuM. 67. PWMC, No. 202. A sikko cAMdIne che. 68. Ibid., No. 859. A sikko tAMbAno che. 69, reva. Telarane mata svIkArIe to amadAvAdane apavAdarUpa gaNavuM paDe. 70. PWMC, Nos. 202-30, 233-338, 235-37, 243-52 71. Ibid., Nos. 424 a, 426 a 72. Ibid, Nos. 579, 582.93 73. Ibid, No. 630 74. Ibid, No. 859 75. Ibid., Nos. 254-56, 409, 418. 76. Ibid., No. 696 a 7. A sikkA (Loc. cit.) je eka aMgata saMgrahamAM hevAna nedha che, tenI pAchaLa bAjunA hAMsiyAmAM zrI siMghala "khitA' zabda vAMce che, je mahamUdazAha 1 lAnA sikkA para dIva sAthe vaparAyelo jovA maLe che e jotAM A sikko dIvane gaNAya, paNa A sikkAnuM citra apAyuM na hovAthI A pAThanI ekasAI zakya nathI. 78, zarUAtamAM amuka namUnAo para TaMkazALanAma spaSTa na hovAthI khAnapura vAMcavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ne e kheDA jillAmAM mahIkAMThe vaDodarA ane DAkoranI lagabhaga adhavacce AveluM-saltanata kAlamAM jANItuM khAnapura-vAMkAnera e sikkAzAstrIone mata hato (JBBRAS, Vol. XX, p. 318), paNa bIjA namUnAo parathI A nAma spaSTa rIte "burahAnapura" vaMcAya che evuM zrI siMghalanuM maMtavya (NS, No. XLy, pp. 94-95) sAcuM che. 79, PWMC, Nos. 440-42a. 80. Ibid, Nos. 490 a-b, 49.92 81. Ibid., Nos. 704-05 82. Ibid , No. 704 3. siMkadara-kata " nAte sirI" (yohA), pR. 174 68. Stanely Lane-Poole, Catalogue of Indian Coins in the British Museum ; The Muhammadan States, No. 446 64. JBBRAS, Vol. XXI, P. 319 : gAya che.

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khaMDa 3 sAMskRtika ItihAsa prakaraNa : sAmAjika sthiti satanata kAlane gujarAtI samAja be mukhya vibhAgomAM vaheMcAyela hato : hiMdu ane muslima hiMdu samAja samAja-vyavasthA jJAtibaMdhananI jaTilatA sthira thaI cUkI hatI. varNabheda aneka jJAti bhedamAM patharAI gayA hatA. jJAtiomAM paNa aneka zAkhA-upazAkhAo thaI hatI. jJAtio jJAtio vacce temaja eka ja jJAtinI judI judI zAkhAomAM paNa ucca-nIcane bhAva baddhamULa thaI gayo hato. tatkAlIna samAjamAM sAmAnyapaNe brAhmaNa kSatriya vaizya ane zudra e cAra varNo uparAMta kaMdeI, kALI(kAchiyA), kuMbhAra, mALI, mardAniyA, sUtradhAra(suthAra), bhaIsAyata (bharavADa), taMboLI, sonAra (sonI) e nava nAra tathA gAMchA, chIpA. luhAra, methI ane came kAra (camAra) e pAMca kAru maLIne aDhAra varaNI gaNAtI hatI ? brAhmaNonI prAcIna kALathI cAlI AvatI sarvoparitA A samaye paNa cAlu hatI. teo ucca ane pUjya manAtA. teo ghaNuM karIne agnihotra ane paMca I-5-17

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258] satanata kAla mahAyajJo jevI Ahnika kriyAomAM dina nigamana karatA. moTA bhAgane brAhmaNa varga purohita varga banI gayo hato. yajamAnavRtti rUDha thaI gaI hatI, joke vidvAna ane zAstrAbhyAsI brAhmaNane yajamAnavRtti tarapha aNagame hato. sAdhAraNa bhaNele brAhmaNa kathA vAcaka purANI banato. A kAla sAhityamAM brAhmaNonI 84jJAti hevAnA ullekha maLe che. emAM nAgara ane zrImALI moTI jJAtio gaNAtI hatI. selaMkI rAjyanA patana pachI ghaNuM kSatri sthAnika hiMdu rAjAonA Azraya nIce gayA hatA. kSatriyo mukhyatve sainika kAryamAM pravRtta hatA, paNa have emane keTalAka anya vyavasAya paNa svIkAravA paDyA hatA. "samarArAsu anusAra AvA kSatrie hAthamAM talavAra levAnuM choDI dIdhuM hatuM tethI emanI sAhasavRtti marI paravArI hatI. Ama chatAM A samayane ItihAsa ane upalabdha pALiyA jotAM jaNAya che ke zatrunA AkramaNa vakhate ke gAyonA rakSaNa mATe kSatrie pitAnA prANa pAtharavAmAM pAchI pAnI karI nahotI. abhilekho ane sAhityamAMthI kSatriyonAM cUDAsamA cAvaDA jADejA selaMkI paramAra vAghelA cauhANa rAThoDa jeThavA vAjA gohila paDhiyAra vagere kulAno ullekha maLe che. rAjapUta kSatriya gaNAtA hatA. brAhmaNo ane kSatriyonI mAphaka vaio paNa ucca gaNAvA lAgyA hatA. teo khetI ke vepAra karatA. teo vepAramAM sAhasika hovAthI dezadezAvaramAM pharatA ane dariyAI sapharo kheDatA.' brAhmaNonI mAphaka vANiyAomAM paNa 84 jJAti gaNAtI hatI. lAvaNyasamaye tatakAlIna 84 jJAtionAM nAma ApelAM che. A jJAtionI vizeSatA e che ke AmAM je je nAma vANiyAnI jJAtionAM che te te nAma gheDA apavAda sivAya brAhmaNemAM paNa maLe che, jemake, nAgara vANiyA, zrImALI vANiyA, mota vANiyA vagere. zrImALI jJAti sauthI moTI gaNAtI. emAMthI ghaNI peTA jJAti utpanna thaI hatI. zrAvakanI bahu thoDI jJAti hatI, paNa emAM dekhAdekhI 84 gaNadhara ane gaccha thayA hatA. lAvaNyasamaye "nATakiyA (nATaka karanArA) lokone zudra kahyA che te sivAya bIjA kayA lokono zudramAM samAveza thato e spaSTa thatuM nathI. uparyukta nA-karu uparAMta mAchImAre, vanya pazuono zikAra karI gujarAna calAvanArA AheDIo, pazupAlaka AhIra, eka sthaLethI bIje sthaLe pharatA viNajArA (vaNajhArA) dhaMdhAkIya kAmamAM nANAvaTI, jhaverI, liyA. gAMdhI kapAsI, phaDiyA

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muM] sAmAjika sthiti (259 - (dANA vecanAra), eraMDiyA, rAsaNiyA (dhAtu para DhALa caDhApanAra), sALavI, mINArA, cunArA, loDhArA (pI jArA), saI (darajI), bhADabhUjA, cokhA nApita' (ucca varNanI hajAmata karanAra vALaMda), malIna nApita' (nIcalA varSonI hajAmata karanAra vALada), sAbusara, vaNakara, pItalagarA (pittaLanAM vAsaNa banAvanAra), nArA (taNavAnuM kAma karanAra, raphUgara) guliyArA (raMgareja), ghAMcI, madyapahaTI (kalAla), 5 TIvaNA (pATI vaNanAra), khAsariyA (patarALAM-paDiyA banAvanAra ane vecanAra) vagerenAM nAma maLe che. * A kAlanA abhilekhamAM kAyasthAno ullekha thayo che. teo lakha mAvAMcavAne vaDIlopArjita dhaMdhe karatA. vaLI rAjya taraphathI mahesUla-vasUlAtanA kAmamAM paNa emane rokavAmAM AvatA hatA. 11 aMtyaja caMDALa camAra khATakI AheDI mAchI DheDa vagere paraMparA mujaba aspRzya gaNAtA ane savarNo emanAthI dUra rahetA. narasiMha mahetA aspRzyo vacce bhajana karavA gayA hovAthI emane savarNo taraphathI ghaNuM sahana karavuM paDayuM hatuM. lagna ane strIonI sthiti A kAlanA sAhitya parathI jaNAya che ke bAlyakALamAM ja kanyAnAM lagna karI nAkhavAnI prathA vyApaka banI hatI. ekapatnItva dipatnItva ane aneka patnItva e traNeya prathA pracAramAM hatI. moTA bhAganAM TUMkI AvakavALAM kuTuMbomAM kauTuMbika jIvana du:khada viSAdamaya ane kalahabharyuM hatuM. pitA-putra pati-patnI sAsu-vahu ane naNaMda-bhojAInA saMbaMdha sukhada na hatA. vahuone sAsu ane najda taraphathI ghaNo trAsa sahevo paDato. narasiMha mahetAnA kuTuMbanA jIvanaprasaMga AnA daSTAMtarUpa che. vahu garIba gharanI hoya enuM Dagale ne, pagale apamAna thatuM, paNa zrImaMta gharanI hoya to gharamAM enuM jhAjhuM bhAna rahetuM.. kanyAne ochI paherAmaNI ApanAra mAbApanI kanyAnA sAsarA ane piyara baMne pakSomAM khUba TIkA thatI. bALalagnane kAraNe kajoDAM thatAM. ghaNI vAra vara nAdAna hovAthI navayauvanA patnI mane vyatha ane paritApamAM baLyA karatI. jemane patine prema prAta thatA te strIo sAsu sAthe sattA mATe jhaghaDatI. AvI strIo sAsune trAsa paNa ApatI ane ghara viruddha patine bhaMbheratI. ene pati ghara sAMkaDuM paDe che, gharane bhAra sahana nathI thato, vagere jevAM bahAnAM kADhIne judo rahevAnI peravI

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2600 saltanata phAla 13. karatA.12 bahupatnI karanAra pati enI dareka patnI para samAna bhAva na rAkhI zake ane badhI patnI vacce saMpa na rahe e svAbhAvika che. badhI patnIemAM strIsahaja IrSyA asUyA rAgadveSa hoya tyAre mAnavasahaja niLatA dharAvatA puruSanI hAlata kaphADI banI, zAkanuM sAla dUra karavA mATe cAlAka strI kAcA kAnanA patine bhaMbheratI ane zAkathane piyara tageDI mUkA ke enuM mRtyu nipajAvavAya kaziza karatI. lagnanI kAI paNa prathAmAM strInuM maraNa thatAM puruSa bIjI strI karatA tyAre bIjI patnIne zAkathanAM bALakAnuM jatana karavuM paDatu. A satAnA pratye kudaratI prema nahi hovAthI e svAbhAvika rIte emanuM kAsaLa kADhavA prayatna karatI. patinA prema pAmatI strI AmAM sahelAIthI saphLa thatI ne kAM te sAvakAM -satAnAne ghara bahAra kaDhAvatI ke viSa ApIne sadAne mATe peADhADI detI.13 vidhavAnI hAlata kaphoDI hatI. patinA mRtyuthI e sAsarAmAM ane piyaramAM a Mte jagyAe mAta gumAvatI. ene kAI bhAva pUchyuM nahi. ene ane enAM ALakAne dhaNuM sahana karavuM paDatuM. piyaramAM rahetI AvI strIne enI bhAbhI khalA -gaNatI ne e TaLe mATe maheNAMneA mAra mAryA karatI. Thera TherathI jAkArA thatAM zrI kaMTALIne kayAreka ApadmAta karatI. sAhijaka premano srota sukAI jatAM strIoneA svabhAva karkaza thaI jatA, asaMtuSTa ane duHkhI strIone kapaTI sAdhue ane vaheMcaka ceAgIe bhALavIne sAvatA. strIonA patanamAM kuTaNI strIe paNa sahAyatA karatI; joke AneA artha ema nathI ke A kAlamAM pativratA ane suzIla strIenA abhAva hatA. suzIla strI parivAranI pratyeka vyaktine prema ane Adara ApatI, jene laIne e kuTuMbamAM badhA sabhyAneA prema saMpAdana karI zakatI, AvI puNyacarita strIonuM dhara tIrtha samAna gaNAtu . 14 kanyAne janma kamanasIba manAtA hAi strIne putra avatare te| enuM samAna thatuM, paNa putrI avatare teA strIe jANe gunA karyAM hAya ema ene kaTuvacanA ane maheNAMTANAM sAMbhaLavA paDatAM. vaMzavelAne AgaLa vadhAranAra ane peAtAnuM nAma jIvaMta rAkhanAra putra na thAya te| jAtajAtanI mAnatAe rakhAtI te dhArmika kArya karAtAM, Ama chatAM putra na thAya teA dattaka levAnI prathA paNa hatI. putra vRddhAvasthAnA TekArUpa gaNAtA.15 vyakti peAtAnI paristhiti ruci ane jIvana-viSayaka mAnyatAone AdhAre * jIvanane sukhI ane samRddha banAvavA mATe bhojana vezabhUSA temaja anya sAmAjika AcArAnuM nirmANa kare che ane e raheNIkaraNImAM saMskRtinuM prati

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9 su sAmAjika sthiti [raka biMba paDe che. A kAlanA sAhityamAM pratibiMbita thatA leAkajIvananuM nirUpaNu ahIM abhipreta che. bhAjana hiMdu samAjanAM mukhyatve nirAbhinna bhojana prayalita hatuM; joke meTA bhAganA kSatriye| ane nIcI gaNAtI kAmeAnA leAke kayAreka sAmiSa bhAjana pa karatA. nirAmiSa bhejanAM dha' cAkhA bAjarA ane caNAnI vAnagIo vizeSa banAvAtI. sAdhAraNa lokAnA khArAkamAM roTalA khIcaDI gheMza dALa bhAta mukhya hatAM. tee| zAkanA sthAne mukhyatve athANAnA upayAga karatA. khIcaDI sAthe dahIMne prayeAga karatA, ucca varganA loko reATalI bhAkharI pUrI dALa bhAta ane vividha prakAranAM zAkabhAjI khAtA ne dUdha dahIM mAkhaN ane ghI temaja telanA upayega chUTathI karatA. miSTAnamAM lADu ati lokapriya hatA. A samaya / 'jimaNavAra-paridhAnavidhi' nAmanI gujarAtI kRtimAM lADunI 39 jeTalI jAteAnAM nAma maLe che. 16 emAM lADu uparAMta khAna, ghebara, sukhaDI, veDhamI, lApasI, khIra, dhArI, cUramuM, khAjalI, gurapApaDI guMdarapAka, mahimU*, sArA, dUdhapAka, kAhalA-pAka, nALiyerapAka (kAparA-pAka), AdA-pAka. piparI-pAka, idrarasAM, jalekhI, 17 pheNI, magaja, zIre, tIla-sAMkaLI vagerene ullekha maLe che te keTalAkanI pAka-vidhi paNa ApelI. che. suvALA, maTho, dahI thAM, khATI, kulera vagerenA ullekha maLe che. krUsANamAM DhokaLAM, iDarI 18 (iDalI) ke idaDAM, khAMDimI (khAMDavI), vividha prakAranAM vaDAM, vaDI, pUlA, pApaDa, sALevaDAMnA ullekha maLe che. jAta jAtanA lIlA-sUkA mevA ane vividha prakAranAM zAkabhAjInAM nAm ane ene taiyAra karavAno vidhi paNa jANavA maLe che. lagna ane khIjA dhArmika prasa MgeAe thatA meATA jamaruvAre|mAM pahelAM lIle tathA sUkA meve, pachI lADu khAjA' vagere miSTAnna vaDAM vagere pharasANa te tyAre mAda . rAyatAM zAka dALa bhAta vagere pIrasAtAM pIvA mATe suga Mdhita pANI pIrasAtuM. ene suga Mdhita banAvavA mATe emAM kapUra AMbalI elacI kAthe kevaDe| khAMDa caMdana drAkSa vagere nAkhavAmAM AvatAM 19 khAvAne rivAja hate. leka jamyA pachI mukhavAsamAM tAMbula (pAna) pAnanA ghaNA ze|khIna hatA.

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262] vezabhUSA ucca varNanA puruSo dhAtiyuM ane paheraNa paheratA ane uttarIya eDhatA ke khesa rAkhata'. te jAdara nAmanuM vajra kasIne bAMdhatA.2* UMcI jAtanA sutarAu ane rezamA kApaDamAMthI banela emanA peAzAka para kayAreka velabuTTAnuM bharata paNa karavAmAM AvatuM. garIba puruSo naDA sutarAu kApaDanuM pAtiyuM (TUMka potaDI) paheratA. saltanata phAla [tra, strIe badhAM aMga DhaMkAya tevAM vastra paheratI. teo caNiyA ke dhAdhara, ceALI ke kAMcaLI ane sADI paheratI. kumArikA eDhaNuM eDhatI. zrImata strI| dhAdharAnI nIcenA bhAgamAM raNakAra kare tevI dhUdharIe bAMdhatI te kayAreka enA para metIthI bharata paNa bharAvatI. prasageApAtta cUMdaDI bAMdhaNI paTALAM ane AAM hAyala paNa paherAtAM. strIe mAthe uttarIya eDhatI ne jAdUra paNu paheratI. A jAdara nAmanuM vastra strI-puruSa baMnenA peAzAkamAM pracalita hAvAthI e ate paherI zake tevuM sADI ane zvetImAM cAlI zake tevu haze.ra1 puruSo mAthe pAghaDI ke TopI paheratA. pAghaDInA raMga ane dhADa parathI vyaktinA vadhu ane pradezanI pichANa thatI. zrImaMte bAstAne phaeNTA paNa bAMdhatA hAvAnA ullekha maLe che.22 puruSo pagamAM jADA ke meAjaDI paDe tA te kayAreka meAjA paNa paheratA, 23 strIe pagamAM sapATa ke meAjaDI paheratI, strI ane puruSA prasAdhana ane AbhUSNAnAM zokhIna hatAM. puruSa de para UgarI (sugaMdhita padArthAnA lepa) karatA, bhAla para tilaka karatA ane kAreka tetramAM kAjaLa paNa AMjatA. tAMbUla khaIne hADane lAla caTaka rAkhavAne zekha vyApaka hate. strIe paNa puruSonI jema deha para UgaTI karatI. strIe paganI pAnI kuMkumathI raMgatI.24 AMkhamAM kAjaLa AjatI, mAthA para sethA pADI emAM sIMdUra pUratI, te prasaMgeApAtta emAM dAmaNI bAMdhatI. motInI sera ke bhAla para cAMlA ke kaMkunI TIlaDI karatI. zrImaMta strIeA TIluDI para mANeka ke meAtI coMTADatI, vaLI hADane lAla gulAbI rAkhavA aLatA lugAvatI. strIo aLatAthI nakha paNa raMgatI. puruSA kAne kuDaLa ane kaThe dvAra, bAhu para 'gada ke ekhA, kAMThe vIravalaya ke kaMkAlaI. hAthanI AMgaLI para mudrikA ane page Te'Dara (teADA) nAmanuM dhareNuM paheratA.

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ja suM] sAmAjika sthiti [263 strIo zubha prasaMge mAthe beDa paheratI. rAjamahiSIo ane rAjakanyAo mAthe mukuTa paheratI ne vALamAM nAga bharAvatI. strIo mAthAmAM cAka cUDAmaNi zirakaMkaNa sIsaphUla, jevAM AbharaNa nAkhatI. veNI bAMdhatI. kAnamAM vividha ghATanA ane vividha nAmavALA alaMkAra paherAtA, jemAM senAnAM kuMDaLa ane pAMdaDI mukhya hatAM. nAkamAM nAkalI (cUnI), mUrakI (nAkanI vacce paherAtuM ghareNuM) ane sAsusalI pracalita hatAM. kaMThamAM senAnA ane motInA aneka seranA hAra paherAtA ane seronI saMkhyA pramANe hAra eALakhAtA. hAranA caktAmAM pazupakSIonI AkRtio kotaravAmAM AvatI. strIo koNathI khabhA vaccenA bhAga para aMgada paheratI, bAjubaMdha ane berakhA hAthanI koNa AgaLa paherAtAM, kaMkaNa kaMkaNI, valaya, cUDI, cUDalI, kAvalI, kaTaka, vaLiyAM ane hAthasAMkaLI kAMDA para paherAtAM, jyAre hAthanI AMgaLI para mudrikA paheravAmAM AvatI. keDa para kaTi sUtra (kado) ane mekhalA paherAtAM. mekhalA nIce kiMkaNIo paNa bAMdhavAmAM AvatI. strIo page pAdasaMkalikA ke sAMkaLAM jhAMjhara nUpura ToDara kaDAM ane pakaDI paheratI. paganI AMgaLIe veDha vIMchiyA ane aNavaTa paheratI. 25 vilAsa ane manaraMjana bhautika avazyakatAonI pUrti karavA uparAMta manuSya potAnI manastuSTi mATe aMgata rUci anusAra mane vinada meLavavA vividha sAdhana apanAve che ane e dvArA jIvanasaMgrAmano thAka ghaTADavA prayAsa kare che. vyaktinAM bauddhika stara ane sagavaDa anusAra vilAsa ane manoraMjananAM rAdhina bhinna hoya che. satanatakAlIna vilAsa ane manoraMjana vize sAhityamAM vaividhyapUrNa mAhitI maLe che. 26 lAke heThane lAla dekhADavA taMbola khAtA, samavayaska yuvake jaLAzayomAM jalakrIDA karatA. sarakhI sAhelIo paNa jalakrIDAne AnaMda meLavatI. teo vasaMtaRtumAM phAgu khelatI ane phAgu gAtI. strIo sarasa vastrAbhUSaNo paridhAna karI samUhamAM rAsa khelatI. ujANI paNa AnaMdapramodanuM sAdhana hatuM. lokonA vikAsamAM madirApAna mahatvanuM sthAna dharAvatuM hatuM. ucca varNanA loke mATe madyapAnane niSedha hato, chatAM e varganA leke alpa pramANamAM khAnagImAM ene upayoga karatA hatA. rAjapUte amuka prasaMgoe kasuMbAnI jyAphata uDAvatA. leke madyapAnanA vikalpa ekSa-zeraDInA rasanuM paNa sevana karatA ane emAM anekavidha sugaMdhita dravyo nAkhI lahejatadAra banAvatA.

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[*. vaizyAonA saMga nahi karavAnI zikhAmaNa chaDAM leAkAnA maneAra Mjana mATe samAjamAM vezyA-gaNikAnuM sthAna sarvAMkAlamAM TakI rahyuM che. e lokone AkarSavA anekavidha prayatna karatA te lAhInatAne kAraNe madonmatta thaI game tyAM karatI. kAmI jatA emane tyAM paDathApAtharyAM rahetA ne sasva gumAvatA. 264] saltanata phAla jugAra ucca varNanA dhaNA puruSanuM vyasana banI gayA hatA. kADIethI dAva pheMkIne jugAra ramAtA. jugArI loko mADI rAta sudhI jugAra khelatA. jugAramAM ghaNA loka pAyola I jatA, kAreka jugArIo vacce bhayaMkara mArAmArI paNa thatI. zAskA ane amaladArA mRgayAnA zeokhIna hatA. tee haraNu ane jaMgalI mUvara uparAMta kayAreka vAdha ane siMha jevAM rAnI jAnavarAtA zikAra paNa karatA. pakSIonA zikAra ane mAchalIo pakaDavI e amIrA ane garImAmAM sarakhAM lekapriya hatAM. garImA mATe te e AjIvikAnAM sAdhana paNa hatAM. zetara ja ke caturga samAjanA badhA vargomAM kApriya ramata hatI, cApATa rAjapUteAmAM vizeSa pracalita hatI, joke amIrA ane garIkhe paNa A ramatamAM AnaMda meLavatA. cApATane paTa cAre bAju prasArIne pAsA pramANe sAgaThAM gADavAtAM. AmAM khUba vicArapUrvaka ane kuzaLatAthI dAva calAvaveA paDatA. * azvakrIDA, kustI, taraNaspardhA, gheADAdoDa, kUtarAdoDanI spardhAe, phUkaDAM pADA AkhalA temaja jaMgalI sUvarAnAM yuddha vagerenA kAryakramamAMthI traNa maneraMjana maLatuM. geDIdaDA ane saMtAkUkaDInI ramata ramAtI. chekarIo phUMkA' ramatI hovAnA ullekha maLe che. pata`ga uDADavA e paNa vyaktigata ane sAmUhika manaraMjananuM sAdhana hatuM. kaThapUtaLIonA khela, naTa leAkeAnA zArIrika skRti darzAvatA adbhuta khela ane bahurUpInA bhramamAM nAkhI de evA svAMga, bAjIgarAnI hAthacAlAkInA khela, ane rAmalIlA bhavAI vagere loko khUba utsAha ane AnaMdathI nihALatA. dhArmika parvInI ujavaNImAM ane madirAmAM mUrtinI prANapratiSThA aMgenA mahotsava prasa Mge paNa dhAmadhUma thatI ane AnaMdamaya vAtAvaraNa khaDuM thatu. rItarivAja sAMsArika rItarivAjomAM saMskAra mahattvanuM sthAna dharAvatA hatA. putrajanma nAmakaraNa vidyAdAna vAgyAna lagna atyeSTi vagere rivAjo lagabhaga AjanA jevA hatA.

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sAmAjika sthiti 25 upara joyuM tema kanyAne janma kamanasIba gaNAto hovAthI ene janma utsavaprada gaNAto nahi. putrajanma AnaMdaprada manAve ane e prasaMge Arthika sthiti anusAra janmotsavanuM Ayojana thatuM. loko coka pUratA, bAraNe teraNa bAMdhatA, gIta gavaDAvatA, phophaLa goLa vagere vahecatA ane jamaNavAra paNa goThavatA. hoMsIlA loka jozIne bolAvI turata janmAkSara paNa taiyAra karAvatA. janma pachInI 6 ThThI rAtrie ujavAtA utsava prasaMge bALakane snAna karAvI kuLadevatAne page lagADavAmAM AvatuM. pachIdevInI pUjA thatI. A avasare strIo maMgala gIta gAtI. sAdhAraNa rIte 12 mA divase janmarAzi anusAra nAmakaraNa saMskAra thatuM. e divase pheIne jamavAnuM nimaMtraNa apAtuM. pheI ghaDiyuM bAMdhatI e sAthe hAthanI dalIo lAvatI. bALakane moTAM mAdaLiyAM, kAnanI kaDI, mojaDI, alaja IyAM AMgaLAM, kAne sonAnI vIMTalA ane page ghugharI paherAvavAmAM AvatI. pachI pheI enuM nAma pADatI. 27 putra pAMca varSane thatAM zubha muhUrta joIne ene nizALe besADavAmAM Avato. lAvaNyasamaye vimalaprabaMdhamAM A saMskAranuM vigatavAra varNana karyuM che.' tadanusAra A prasaMge Aptajanone nimaMtraNa apAtAM, gharanI sajAvaTa thatI, Aptajane ane mahAjanone paMgate besADIne "dhAre ghI pIrasI jamaNa apAtuM, bALakane ghoDe besADIne nizALe laI javAmAM Avato, pratiSThita mANaso damAmapUrvaka AgaLa cAlatA, jyAre strIo pAchaLa maMgala gIto gAtI cAlatI. nizALe pahoMcyA bAda e pATI khaDiye ane lekhaNa laIne adhyAru pAse hAtha joDIne Ubho raheto. adhya3 bALakanA kAnamAM sarasvatI maMtra bhaNatA A vakhate nizALamAM bhaNatA vidyArthI mAne dhANI-caNA ane khaDiyA vahecavAmAM AvatA ane e divase sarva bALakone chUTI ApavAmAM AvatI. e samayanA adhyArUo paNa lAlacu hatA. AraMbhamAM adhyAru samakSa dasavIsa khIrAdaka (nALiyera ke khesa) mUkavAM paDatAM, betiyAM potiyAM paherAvavAM paDatAM. adhyAru daMbha paNa karatA. sUtre sutre AraMbhanI dakSiNA magAtI ane bALako paNa mukhe pATha na caDatAM adhyAru mAraze e bIke chAnuMchapanuM-corI karIne adhyArune ghera pahoMcADatA.29 putrI uMmaralAyaka thatAM enA pitA ke vAlI enA mATe muratiyo zodhavA nIkaLI paDatA. egya muratiya maLI jatAM kanyAnA pitA e muratiyAnA pitAne pitAnI putrInuM vAgdAna karI ApatA. sagapaNa pahelAM baMne pakSa vara-kanyAne joI letA, paNa vara-kanyAnA pitA ke vaDIla ja lagnanuM nakkI karatA.

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saltanata kAla jhi lagna gRhasthajIvanane AdhAra hovAthI lagna-saMskAra badhA varNomAM vidhipUrvaka ane dhAmadhUmathI saMpAdita thato, kanyA bAreka varSanI thatAM enuM lagna thatuM. lagna banatAM sudhI pitAnI jJAtimAM thatuM. lagnanI tithi nakkI thatAM banne pakSa lagnanI taiyArImAM paDI jatA. sagAMsaMbaMdhIone katarIo mokalI nimaMtraNa apAtAM. jamaNavAra thato. mAmA mAmeruM karatA. nizcita tithie vAji sAthe varayAtrA nIkaLatI. varanA mAthA para khUpa bharavAmAM Avato. e ghoDA para besato ne e ja ghaDA para enI pAchaLa besIne varanI bahena lUNa utAratI. vara para chatra dharavAmAM AvatuM. varayAtrAnuM kanyApakSa taraphathI sAmaiyuM thatuM. jAnIvAse janane utAro apAto ne jamaNa thatuM. tyAra bAda vara utArethI lagnamaMDapanA tAraNe AvatAM ene sAsu premathI pAMkhatI. vara mAMtharAmAM AvatAM jezI lagnane samaya varatAto, hastameLApa thato ne e samaye mAbApa kanyAdAna detAM. pachI cAra maMgala varatAtAM. paraNIne vara utAre pAhe pharato. bIje divase kanyApakSa taraphathI gauravanuM jamaNa thatuM ane varapakSa taraphathI vareThI thatI. jAna vaLAvatI vakhate paherAmaNI thatI. hu page lAgIne sAsune bheTa (page-paDakhuM) mUkatI. navavadhUnI vidAya ane viyogamAM mAtA-pitA temaja sagAM-sAhelIone thatA duHkhathI marmaspazI dazya khaDuM thatuM. sajAlI vahelamAM besIne kanyA patigRhe jatI. rAjakanyAone sajAvelI pAlakhIomAM vAvavAmAM AvatI. varavadhU kularIti anusAra kuladevatAnuM pUjana karatAM ne thALImAM vIMTI vagere mUkIne (ekIbekInI) ramata ramatAM. lagna pachI sagAMsaMbaMdhI vara-kanyAne vAraNuM detAM ne Ama thoDA divasa to jamaNavAra jevuM ja thaI rahetuM.30 sImaMta-saMskAra paNa dhAmadhUmapUrvaka karAta. puruSa vidhura banatAM e sAmAnya rIte pharI lagna karato, paNa strI vidhavA banatAM sAmAnya rIte vaidhavya pALatI. agAu karAreka kyAreka thatAM vidhavA-punalaMgna have bilakula baMdha thaI gayAM hatAM. mAnavajIvanane aMtima saMrakAra gaMbhIratApUrvaka yathAvidhi thato. zabane sagAMsaMbadhI vidhipUrvaka agnisaMskAra karatAM. nAnAM bALakone dATavAmAM AvatAM, jayAre sAdhuone paNa daphanAvIne emanA daphanasthAna para samAdhi caNavAmAM avatI. sAdhuonA zabane kyAreka jaLasamAdhi paNa levaDAvAtI. satanata kAlanI prathAomAM satI prathAne pracAra kSatriyAmAM vacce hato. enAM ghaNuM daSTAMta A kAlanA abhalekhomAMthI maLI rahe che, jemake dhoLakAnI vAva

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sAmAjika sthiti [267 mAMthI maLelA vi. saM. 1466 nA saMskRta abhilekhamAM sahadevanI be patnI enA mRtyu pAchaLa satI thaI hovAnuM batAvyuM che, emAM mRtyu pAmelA pati sAthe sahagamana karavuM e strIo mATe svarganI sIDI samAna che evI A samayanI mAnyatA paNa ullekhAyelI che. samAjamAM satI pratye saMmAnanI bhAvanA pravartatI hatI. satIonI khAMbhI karavAmAM AvatI. joke satIonI bAdhAmAnatA rAkhatA. satIprathAthI bhinna "jauhara" nAmanI prathA khAsa karIne rAjapUta strIomAM pracalita hatI. jyAre kille duzmananA hAthamAM paDaze ema nakkI jaNAtuM hoya tyAre rAjapUta kesarI vastro paherI, gaLAmAM tuLasInI mALA dhAraNa karI dumane sAme dhasI jatA, tyAre emanA jevI ja daDha manobaLavALI emanI patnIe ane putrIo vijetA muslimonA hAthamAM paDavuM nathI evo daDha nirdhAra karIne yamagRha(jamavara-jauhara)mAM praveza karatI. jauhara vakhate strIo snAna karI, zarIra para caMdanane lepa karI vizALa kuMDamAM kudI paDatI. jauhara dvArA strIo pitAnAM zIla ane gauravanI rakSA karavA uparAMta potAnA taraphathI nizcita banIne potAnA vIra patione balidAna mATenI preraNA ApatI. sulatAna mahamUdazAha begaDAe pAvAgaDha upara AkramaNa karyuM tyAre cauhANa rAjA jayasiMhanI rANI ane bIjI strIoe jauhara karyuM hovAnuM daSTAMta prasiddha che. 32 paDadAprathAne pracAra kSatriyomAM vizeSa hato, jyAre sAmAnyapaNe strIo burakho ke paDado nahi rAkhatAM AmanyA rAkhavAne prasaMge potAnI sADInA cheDAthI ghUmaTo kADhIne mukha DhAMkatI. dAsaprathA agAunI mAphaka cAlu hovAnuM sevAvrati ane "raNamala-chaMda" parathI sUcita thAya che. 33 vahema a. mAnyatAo bhUtapreta vaitALa DAkaNa zAkaNI vagerenI bAbatamAM ghaNo vahema pravartatA hatA. leko A atimAnavIya zaktiothI DaratA. amuka vRkSa ke ghara ke sthAnamAM bhUta rahe che, amuka strIne enI soDya ke bIjI strIne vaLagADa hovAthI e pIDAya che. amuke melA maMtranI sAdhanA karelI che, amuka strI DAkaNa che, vagere vahema sArvatrika hatA. vyaMtara-vyaMtarI game tene vaLage che ema manAtuM. bALaka satata raDyA karatuM hoya ane ene chAnuM rAkhavAnA bIjA upAya ni phaLa thAya to ene vyaMtarI vaLagI hovAnuM manAtuM. vyaMtarI potAnuM asala : : 5

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218) sastanata kAla [>, badalIne game te svarUpa dhAraNa karI zakatI. e kyAreka sauMdaryavAna yuvatI banIne keIne pralevA mATe paNa prayatna karatI.35 zmazAnamAM rahetI rAkSasIo rAtre je kaI najare paDe tene pakaDe che ema manAtuM. je gaNIo cosaTha hovAnI mAnyatA hatI. vetALa" vize ema kahevAtuM ke e nava tAla UMco hoya che, gaLAmAM phaMDamALA pahere che, hAthamAM khoparI rAkhe che, enA kAna TAparA hoya che, paga chAparA hoya che, AMkha ane peTa UMDI hoya che tathA dekhAvamAM e ghaNo bihAmaNo hoya che. e jene prasanathAya tenI manaH kAmanA pUrI kare che. bhUta-preta vaitALa DAkaNa zAkaNI uparAMta gadharva vidyAdhara jogaNI vagere atimAnavIya zaktiomAM vizvAsa dharAnArA keTalAka leka e zaktio dvArA pitAnI IcchApUti karavAnA hetuthI emanI sAdhanA paNa karatA. aniSTa nivAraNa mATe maMtra taMtra jaMtra dorA dhAgA ane TucakAnA upacAra pracalita hatA. sarpaviSa maMtra dvArA dUra thAya che evI daDha mAnyatA hatI, paraMtu A upacAra kAragata na nIvaDatAM daradInuM avasAna paNa thatuM. keI vyakti ke prANIne vaza karavA, ene hAni pahoMcADavA agara ene nAza karavA mATe anukrame vazIkaraNa uccATana ane mAraNane prayoga thato. loke abhima trita vAMTIo tAvIja ane jatra dhAraNa karatA. nAnAM bALakane jyAre asAmAnya kaSTa thAya ane enuM vAstavika kAraNa samajI na zakAya tyAre e bALakane najara lAgI che ema manAtuM. evI kudaSTine bAMdhavA mATe sAmAnya rIte TucakAne prayoga thato. lagna samaye varane najara na lAge e mATe varanI pAchaLa besIne enI bahena lUNa utAratI.zubha prasaMgoe anAjane ovArIne dAnamAM apAtuM. zahera ke gAmanI sthApanA mudde joI zubha coghaDiye karavAmAM AvatI. vivAha jevAM kAryomAM muhUrta vItI na jAya e jovAmAM AvatuM paradeza jatAM athavA sArAM kAryo mATe prayANa karatAM je sAme malapato hAthI, jamaNA hAtha tarapha jato vepArI, maMgaLa uccAra karatI strI, jayajayakAra karate bhATa, "udaya thAo" evo uccAra karatI jegiNI maLe, jamaNI bAju bhairava pakSI bole, DAbA hAtha tarapha gadheDe devacalI sasaluM ke kUtare jAya, vaLI pahele pahere haraNa nirbhayapaNe jamaNI tarapha jatuM jaNAya, sAMDha gheDe cAsa pakSI jamaNI tarapha ane kAgaDo DAbA hAtha tarapha bole, te e zukana vyaktinI AzA pUrNa kare che ema manAtuM. AvAM zukana thatAnI sAthe zakanAtha lUgaDAne cheDe gAMTha vALI dete. ghera devI gheDa hevo e zubha cihna manAtuM.37

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muM1 sAmAjika sthiti bahAra jatAM mastaka upara Tepa paDI jAya, Thekara vAge, ADo sApa Utare. devacakalI jamaNA hAtha tarapha thAya, vagere apazukananI nizAnI manAtI.38 putra meLavavA mAnatA manAtI. svani uparathI sArAnarasAM phaLane Adeza apAta. darveza(phakIra) mullAM gI jaMgama jaDiyA zekha vagerene bhaviSya pUchavAmAM AvatuM. 9 vazIkaraNa karavA mATe rAtAM vastra ane rAtAM phUlathI, lakSmI meLavavA mATe pILA vastra ane pILAM phUlathI, zatrune mastakamAM zULa utpanna karavA mATe kALAM vastra ane kALAM phUlathI, ane mukti mATe veta vastra ane zrata phUlathI devanI ArAdhanA thatI.* murilama samAja salatanata kALa daramyAna gujarAtamAM vaselA musalamAnonI sArI evI vastI hatI. e samayane muslima samAja mukhyatve be tatvone banela hataH videzI ane dezI. bhAratanI bahArathI eTale ke arabastAna IrAna makarAna aphaghAnistAna tathA anya dezomAMthI AvI gujarAtamAM vaselA musalamAnone samAveza videzI tamAM ane bhAratanA, khAsa karIne gujarAtanA, mULa rahevAsI, paraMtu svecchAe athavA baLAtkAre dharmAtara karIne banelA musalamAnene samAveza dezI tamAM karI zakAya. videzI musalamAne videzamAMthI Avela musalamAne musApharo vepArIo sainike ane dhArmika upadezakanA rUpamAM gujarAtamAM AvI vasyA hatA. gujarAtanA sadabhAgye sAro e samudrakinAro maLe che ane enA upara ghaNAM uttama baMdara AvelAM che. bhAratanA pazcimI samudra kinArA upara AvelAM agatyanAM vepArI bajAramAM araba vepArIo ghaNA samaya pahelAM AvI vasyA hatA.41 anya araba musApharo paNa bhArata tathA gujarAtamAM samaya samaya para AvatA rahetA. IsunI AThamI sadIthI mAMDI turkInA Agamana sudhInA samayamAM moTA bhAganA sUphIo phakIre ane daravezo arabastAna tathA InimAMthI samudramArge athavA aphaghAnistAnamAM thaIne jamInabhAge, pahADI pradezo vaTAvI, majahabanA pracArArthe gujarAtamAM AvIne vaselA. gujarAtanAM baMdara madhyaeziyA IrAna ane rAsAnanA bAdazAhe mATe abavAba ul makkA' eTale ke makkAnA daravAjArUpa hovAthI ghaNAM videzI kuTuMba

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saltanata kAla makkA madInAnAM pavitra sthaLoethI pAchAM pharatAM gujarAtamAM sthAyI vasavATa karatAM hatAM.43 AnuM eka ghaNuM ja jANatuM dRSTAMta amadAvAda pAsenA sarakhejanA pIra hajharata zekha ahamada khaTTanuM che. teo amadAvAda zaherane pAyo nAkhanAra cAra oliyA ahamada paikInA eka che. A uparAMta vepArIone te gujarAtamAM kAyamI vasavA urojana maLatuM hatuM. I.sa. 1321 me eka vepArIne surata pAse navasArImAM jamIna bakSisa ApavAmAM AvI hatI. e uparAMta ene "maleka uta tujAra eTale ke "zAha vepArIno dakAba ApavAmAM Avyo hato.44 IslAmanA pracArArthe vakhatovakhata iralAmanA upadezake ane ulamAe potAnI meLe athavA gujarAtanA sulatAnanA nimaMtraNathI gujarAtamAM AvIne vasyA hatA. jhapharakhAna phArasInA samayamAM, saMbhavataH I.sa. 1371mAM, gujarAtamAM keTalAka ulamA AvyA hatA temaNe lokone sunnata vala jamAata arthAt sunnI paMtha dalIlathI samajAvyo hato. pariNAme ziyA vaherAomAMthI keTalAke sunI paMtha svIkAryo hato. e uparAMta muhammada jaunapurI I. sa. 1509 mAM gujarAtamAM AvyA hatA.45 paraMtu moTA bhAganA videzI musalamAne to sainika tarIke AvI vasyA haze. turke bhAratamAM AvI rAjyakartA banyA pachI gujarAtamAM musalamAnenuM Agamana moTA pramANamAM thayeluM. turko dvArA gujarAtano vijaya thayA pachI uttaramAMthI moTA pAyA upara musalamAne gujarAtamAM AvavA lAgyA. teo moTe bhAge aphaghAna sipAhIo hatA. teo madhya gujarAtanAM keTalAMka zahera ane gAmaDAMomAM AvI vasyA hatA. teonuM pramANa eTaluM badhuM vadhI gayuM ke 14 mI sadInA madhyakALe, I. sa. 1340-50mAM, gujarAtanA aphaghAna dilhInA muhammada-bina-tugalaka sAme baLa karI dilhInI salatanatane paNa hacamacAvI zakelA. A rIte gujarAtanA videzI musalamAno paikIno moTo bhAga sainika tarIke Avela sAhasikone hato. AmAM turkI habasIo sIdIo ane aphaghAnane samAveza thAya che. dezI musalamAne dezI musalamAnomAM dharmAtara karIne banelA musalamAnono samAveza thAya che. keTalAke verAe, IslAmanAM uttama umUle thI prabhAvita thaIne, IslAma

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9 muM] sAmAjika sthiti svIkAryo. keTalAke rAjakIya lAbha khAtara ane keTalAke baLAtkAre islAmane svIkAra karyo. islAmanA pracArArthe bhAratamAM Avela sUphIo phakIro ane daravezenuM ucca cAritrya, baMdagImaya jIvana ane tyAgabhAvanAthI prerAIne tathA muhammada pegaMbara sAhebanA sAmAnya mAnavI mATe upadezelA sAmAjika samAnatA ane baMdhutvanA siddhAMtathI prabhAvita thaIne ghaNA lokoe IslAmane svIkAra karyo. paraMtu e rIte dhamatara karanAra moTo bhAga bhAratIya hiMdu varNavyavasthAthI trAsI gayela UtaratI gaNAtI ajJAna jAtione hato. sulatAna mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM hajharata zAha Alama sAheba ane sulatAna mujhapharazAha 2 jAnA samayamAM pIra zAha tAhIra sAhebe anekane islAmamAM ApyA hatA. pIrANavALA hajharata ImAmazAhe paNa dhaNA hiMduone islAmamAM ANyA hatA. paraMtu turke bhAratamAM AvIne rAjyakartA banyA pachI dharmAtaranI e prakriyA jo ke cAlu rahI, paraMtu islAmI usUlathI prabhAvita thaIne dharmAtara karanArAonI saMkhyA ghaTI gaI. ema chatAM muslima zAsanamAM rAjakIya dRSTie musalamAnone thatA phAyadAne lAbha levAnI lAlace ghaNA leka islAma ravIkAratA. baLAtkAre musalamAna banAvavAnI pravRtti gujarAtanA sulatAnanA samayamAM cAlu hatI. sulatAna ahamadazAha 1 le, mahamUda begaDe ane mahamUda 2 je-e traNa sulatAnee I:lAmane phelAvo karavA khAsa prayatna karyA hatA.47 ahamadazAhe be vakhata I.sa. 1414 mAM ane I.sa. 142mAM hiMduo pAse pharajiyAta IslAma svIkArAvAnA kAnUnI prayAsa karyA hatA. je rAjapUto A rIte islAmamAM AvyA teo molesalAma' kahevAyA ane vANiyAo tathA brAhmaNa vahAra emAM bhaLI gayA. mahamUda begaDAe ghaNA rAjapUta rAjAone islAmamAM ApyA hatA. jUnAgaDhane rAMmAMDalika musalamAna thayA pachI begaDAnA darabArane khAkhAnA 1 (khAne jahAna) thayuM hovAnuM itihAsamAM seMdhAyuM che. 48 enA kahevAyelA dhamatara pachI saurASTramAM islAmane pracAra khUba jorathI thayo hato. vividha musilama kome Ama saltanatanA samayamAM gujarAtanA muslima samAjamAM dezI videzI ema baMne tarone samAveza thato hato. musalamAne gujarAtanAM badhAM ja zahero ane gAmaDAMomAM vasI gayA hatA. A rIte banela muslima samAja aneka jJAtio, kamo ane peTAkamAM vibhakta hatA. anya dezone muslima karatAM bhAstI ane

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22 salatanata kAla gujarAtI muslimonuM sAmAjika rUpa juduM che. IslAmamAM jJAtiprathA nathI, paraMtu bhAratanA hiMduomAMthI islAmane svIkAra karI je leke dhArmika daSTie murilama banyA hatA teoe hiMduone ghaNuM rivAjo jALavI rAkhyA hatA. ene ja kAraNe islAmanA vizALa kSetramAM jJAtinA nAnAmoTA vADA jovA maLe che, 21. 21716 GB Muslim Communities in GujaratmAM AvI lagabhaga 69 muslima komano ullekha karyo che ane emAMnI ghaNI komonI utpatti pradeza raheNIkaraNI temaja sAmAjika rItarivAja tathA lagnaprathA vagerenuM viratArapUrvaka varNana karyuM che, temAM mukhyatve teoe paThANa saiyada zekha mughala baluca makarANu kurezI ghorI mulatAnI araba kAjhI bAbI tathA keTalIka kaMdhAdArI kAmo jevI ke vahelA ghAMcI garAsiyA chIpA khATakI kaDiyA memaNa momIna pIMjArA kasbAtI kuMbhAra khatrI bebI bhaThiyArA bojA bhIstI raMja reja sIdI ane bheI vagerene ulekha karyo che. e ja pramANe zrI. karIma mahamada mAstare "mahAgujarAtanA musalamAnomAM musalamAnonA aneka peTA vibhAgone vistRta paricaya Ape che, teoe gujarAtanA dharmAtara karela musalamAnI 78 jAto gaNAvI che, temAM 9 dhArmika, 5 vepArI, 18 kheDUta, 22 kArIgara, 10 nokariyAta ane 14 majUravarga batAvyA che. 78 mAMthI 65 sunI, 9 ziyA, ane bAkInA 4 husenI batAvyA che. e jotAM gujarAtanI muslima komane sAmAnya rIte pAMca vargomAM vaheMcI zakAyaH (1) laDAyaka kema, (2) vidvAna buddhijIvI kema, (3) vepArI kAma, (4) kheDUta kema ane (5) kArIgara ke. laDAyaka kemomAM paThANa mughala baluca makarANI vagereno samAveza thaI zake. mukhyatve teo sipAhIgIrI karatA. teo moTe bhAge videzathI Avela zuddha musalamAna hatA. rAjyazAsanamAM emanuM sthAna AgaLa paDatuM hatuM. saltanatanA ucca hoddA para teo ja nimAtA. teone "khAna" "amIra' "maleka" ane "sipAhasAlAra' jevA IlakAba ane hoddA maLatA ane emanI gyatA pramANe jAgIra paNa apAtI. mahesUlamAMthI emane mabalakha Avaka thatI, AthI teo dabadabApUrvaka rahetA. pariNAme emanAmAM vaibhavapriyatA adhika ane majahabI bhAvanA ochI rahetI, vidvAna buddhijIvI kemamAM saiyada kAjhI maulavI imAma khatIna zekha vagerene samAveza karI zakAya. teonuM kAma zikSaNa ApavAnuM, majahabI pracAra ravAnuM ane vahIvaTI sevAomAM kAkunI jevAM kAryo karavAnuM hatuM. satata tata

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su] sAmAjika sthiti 203 ane muslama samAja upara emanuM bhare vasa rahetu, kAraNa nyAya majahaba zikSaNa ane sarakArI kAreAbAra jevAM tamAma mahattvanAM khAtAMo upara emane prabhAva rahetA hatA, e samaye islAmI saltanata majahabanA pAyA upara AdhArita hAI, khuda sulatAneA paNa ulamAenI upekSA karI zakatA nahi. A ulamAenI dhArmika dRSTi sakucita hoI tee haMmezAM kArA sAme jehAda karI mUti pujAne virAdha karavAnI uzkeraNI karyA karatA. vepArI kAmeAmAM mukhyatve vaheArA chIpA gAMdhI khATakI memaNuM dUdhavAlA khatrI kheAjA maNiyAra vagerenA samAveza karI zakAya. gujarAtanAM samudrakinArAnAM tamAma zahera| khAsa karIne bharUca khaMbhAta vageremAM muslimAnI vepArI kamA rahetI. teomAM vaheArA khAjA memaNa vagere videzA sAthe vepAra karIne atizaya samRddha banyA hatA. samudrakinArA para vasatA vepArIe vahANavaTAnu kAma karatA ane zahere| tathA gAmaDAMomAM nAnA vepArIe aMte dukAnadArA svataMtra vyavasAya dvArA peAtAnI AjIvikA jeTaluM meLavI letA. kheDUta kAmeAmAM zrI karIma mahamada mAstare 22 jAta gaNAvI che ane emAM kaccha-saurASTranI kheDUta kAmeAneA samAveza karI kula 32 jAta batAvI che. saltanata samayamAM paNa kheDUta keme| vidyamAna haze ema mAnavA kAraNu che. jAgIrA meLavela khAna amIra vagere pAtAnI jAgIra upara AvI kAmeAnA mAse ne rAkhatA. kArIgara TAmeAmAM kaDiyA tAI dujAma kuMbhAra dhAbI raMgareja vagarene samAveza thaI zake. A kemeA gujarAtI musalamAnemAM sauthI nIcI kAme gaNAtI. tee vividha prakAranA hunnara karatA ane pratyeka zahera ane gAmaDAmAM vasatA. muhammada khIna tugalukanA samayamAM ibna batutAe gujarAtanI musApharI karI. eNe khaMbhAtanA musalamAneA vize lakhyuM che. e kahe che ke kinArAnAM zaherAmAM muslimeAnI dhaNI meTI ane samRddha kAmA hatI, te mATe bhAge videzI vepArIonI banelI hatI. e lakhe che ke 'khaMbhAta eka ghaNuM suMdara zahera che. enAM makAna zilpasthApatyanI dRSTie ane enI masjido kalAtmaka dRSTie AgavI bhAta pADe che. enuM kAraNa e che ke enA moTA bhAganA rahevAsIe videzI vepArI che, tee tyAM haMmezAM makAna ane addabhuta masjido bAMdhe che.49 jIgna batutA khAMbhAtamAM vasatA keTalAka zrImaMta ane vagadAra musalamAna vepArIonAM nAma paNa gaNAve che. e kahe che ke AvA vepArIe A bha 4-5-18

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204] sastanata kAla [pra. makAnamAM rahetA ane emanAM mahAlaya sAthe eka khAnagI (aMgata) masjida paNa joDAyelI rahetI.pa* rItarivAjo jevI rIte musilama kAmamAM Arthika ane sAmAjika bhinnatA hatI tevI rIte emanA rItarivAjomAM paNa bhinnatA hatI. saiyada zekha ane kurezI jevI muslima , pAka pegaMbara sAhebanI sAthenA temanA nikaTanA saMbaMdhane kAraNe, anya muslima keme karatAM vizeSa AdaraNIya gaNAtI. musalamAnomAM sarvamAnya rIte saiyadane sauthI UMcuM sthAna ApavAmAM Avatu. kiphAyatano siddhAMta sauthI vizeSa dRDhatAthI teo apanAvatA ane tethI teo pitAnI dIkarIone pitAnA nikaTanA saMbaMdhI samUhe bahAranA koIne ApatAM acakAtA.51 saiyade ane zekha zarUAtathI ja pitapatAnI kememAM lagnavyavahAra kare che. teo potAnAthI nIcI kamamAMthI kadAca kanyA ke, paraMtu potAnI kanyA ApavAmAM surata rahe che. gujarAtamAM A bhedabhAva vadhAre paDate tarI Avato te eTale sudhI ke eka ja mukhya kemanI banelI peTAkamamAM paNa potAnI peTAkema pUrato maryAdita rahetA.53 islAmI zariyata pramANe vidhavA-punarlagnanI chUTa hovA chatAM gujarAtanA saiyado potAnI komanI vidhavAne punarlagnano chUTa na ApatA.pa sunnI vahorAo paNa lagnanI bAbatamAM bahu suratatA rAkhatA. teo atarasamUha lagna karavAmAM mAnatA nahi. vaherA kema Arthika rIte samRddha koma hovAthI teo pitAnA ja samUha sAthe beTIvyavahAra rAkhatA. mole salAma garAsiyA mULe rAjapUta jamInadAra hatA. teoe islAmane svIkAra karyo, paraMtu pitAnA hiMdu para parAgata rivAja ane keTalIka sAMskArika vizeSatAo cAlu rAkhI. teo mRtadehane muslima rivAja pramANe daphanAve che, paraMtu moTA bhAganI hiMdu rItarasamo emanAmAM cAlu che.55 gujarAtanI ImAmazAhI kAmomAM paNa hiMduone aneka rItarivAja cAlu hatA. ImAmazAha ane emanA vaMzajoe dharmAtara karAvela anuyAyIone muslima kemonA rivAja pramANe anusaravAnI pharaja pADI na hatI. pariNAme jJAtivAdanI bhAvanA ane hiMdu rItarivAja tathA emanI vANI vartaNUka ane pozAka sahita tamAma bAbatomAM teo anya muslima komothI judA paDe che. emanA lagnanA rivAje

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9 muM] sAmAjika sthiti [275 pate dhamatara karyA pahelAM pote je jAtinA hatA te jAtinA rivAjo pramANe cAlu rAkhyA hatA. matiyAomAM mRta zarIrane bALavAmAM Ave che, paraMtu bAkI rahelAM hADakAMne dATavAmAM Ave che. 54 khorAka ane pozAka e samayane sAmAnya musalamAna lAMbuM karatuM, ane sadaro paherata ane mAthA upara pAdhaDI (ammAmA) bAMdhatA. teoe bhAratanA mULa rahevAsIo jevo paheraveza cAlu rAkhyo hato. alabatta ulamAonI pAghaDIo judA prakAranI rahetI. strIo pAyajAma karatuM ane dupaTo paheratI ne burakho rAkhatI. paNa gujarAtI musalamAno mAMsAhAra to karatA, paraMtu e sAthe emane khorAka khAsa karIne khIcaDIne hato. amadAvAda ane saurASTramAM rAtre ane suratamAM savAre khIcaDI khAvAno rivAja hato. rAtre khIcaDI khAvAno rivAja ghaNA vakhatathI cAlyo Avato hato. ahamadazAha 1 le ane hajarata zekha ahamada. khada baMne rAtre khIcaDI khAtA hatA.58 e uparAMta teone samosAM mIThAIo ane khAMDa-ghI-cokhAnI vAnagIo khAvAno vizeSa zokha hato. sulatAna mujhaphapharazAha 3 jAnA samayamAM leke nAstAmAM mIThAI khAtA hatA. jamI rahyA pachI pAna ane attara levAno rivAja paNa hato.pa9 dhArmika utsava | muslima dharmapremI prajA che, tethI teo aneka dhArmika ane sAmAjika utsava tathA tahevAro UjavatA. meharama ramajAna-Ida ane bakarI-Ida sivAyanA bIjA pavitra divasa ziyAo ane sunIo judA judA pALatA hatA. * moharama ane tAjiyA, AzurA, bArAvaphAta, zabe merAja, zabe barAta, zabe kadra. ramajAna Ida, bakarI-Ida vagere teonA pavitra tahevAra hatA. teo A badhA tahevArane khUba ja Adara ane utsAhathI UjavatA. zikSaNa gujarAtamAM satata samaya daramyAna musalamAnonI vastI gAmegAma ane zahere zaheramAM sArI evI saMkhyAmAM thaI hatI. keTalAMka zaheromAM to dasa dasa hajAranI vastI hatI. asala hiMdustAnI salathI utpanna thayelAM bALakone "bayAsarA" kahetA. bayAsarA eTale "be judI nasalanAM strIpuruSa dvArA utpanna thayela olAda". AvAM bALako mATe tAlImanI judI vyavasthA jarUrI hatI ane tethI emane mATe dareka sthaLe madaresAnI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI hatI. sulatAna ahamadazAha 1 lAnA samayamAM ghaNI madaresA sthApavAmAM AvI hatI.

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20) satanata kAla maulAnA saiyada abu jhaphara nadavI sAhebe gujarAtamAM sthapAyela AvI aneka madaresAonAM nAma ane teone TUMke paricaya "gujharAtI tamatI tArI mAM Ape che. evI madaresAomAM "madaresAe zAhaAlama, meMglarakA madaresA (mAMgaroLa zaheramAM sthapAyela madaresA) ane "madaresAe AliyA alavIA" vagere seMdhapAtra che. A uparAMta gujarAtamAM aneka pustakAlaya (kitAbakhAna) paNa hatAM. gujarAtamAM svataMtra islAmI hakSmatanI sthApanA thatAM aneka vidvAne tathA mahAtmAo sulatAnanA darabAramAM AvavA lAgyA. emanA saMsargathI prerAIne sulatAna ahamadazAhe eka zAhI kitAbakhAnuM zarU karyuM. sulatAna muhammadazAha bina mahamadazAhe (I.sa. 1451) "madaresA e zamae burahA nI ane A zAhI kitAbakhAnAmAMthI keTalAMka pustaka bheTa ApyAM hatA. AvA kitAbakhAnAMomAM usamAnapurAnuM kitAbakhAnuM, sarakhejanuM kitAbakhAnuM tathA zAhaAlamanuM kitAbakhAnuM mukhya che. salatanatanA samayamAM A rIte tAlImanI ghaNI sArI vyavasthA hatI. mane raMjana musalamAne mATe mane raMjananI paNa vyavasthA hovAnuM jaNAya che. ghara bahAra nI ramatamAM zikAra ane ghoDesavArI mukhya hatAM. manoraMjana mATe laDAyaka maraghAM, gheTAM baTera(quails) ane sukhaM(red wax bills)ne paraspara laDAvI e upara dAva lagAvavAnuM emane pasaMda hatuM. - gharamAM ramavAnI ramatamAM gaMjIpho ane zetaraMja mukhya hatAM. e uparAMta teo causara ane paccIsInI ramato paNa ramatA. zetaraMja ramavAnI IrAnI ane hidI rIte judI hatI. IrAnI rItane " jharApha" kahetA ane hidI rItane jorAbAjI' kahetA.14 pegaMbara sAhebane saMgIta pasaMda na hatuM, tethI saMgItane dhaMdho musalamAnamAM AbarUdAra gaNAto nathI. ema chatAM zokhane khAtara badhI kAmomAM keTalAMka strIpuruSo saMgIta zIkhatAM ane khAnagI saMgItanA jalasAmAM bhAga letAM. teone moTe bhAge gajhale gAvAnuM pasaMda hatuM ane sitArane zokha hato.pa

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sAmAjika sthiti pATIpa 1. 'vimalaprabaMdha', kha'Da 2, kaDI 81-82, 'jirApallI pArzvanAtha phAgu', 16 zrI, ra. bhIM. jeTa maniyA' e vALaMda hoya evI saMbhAvanA jaNAve che ('gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa' kha. 1, pR. 236, pAdaTIpa 1), para'tu AgaLa upara joIzuM tema, A kAlamAM vALaMdaneA 'nApita' tarIke alaga ullekha thayelA che ja, tethI 'maniyA' zabda telamAlisa ane ca'pI karanAra alaga varga mATe pratyeAjAtA hovAnI sabhAvanA vadhu che, evI rIte gAMchA'e ghAMcI hAvAnu' zrI joTa sUcave che paNa zIza saMprada(pR. 227)mAM A zabda gaMa' tarIke prayeAjAyA che ne enA atha+ vAMsanA TopalA sU'DalA vagere banAvanAra' ApyA che, je ahIM uparyukta lAge che, su'] (270 2. i. tri. trivedI, gujarAtanA muslimakAlIna sa`skRta abhilekhAmAMthI maLatI mAhitI', vibhAga 2, pR. 666-67 3. vi. saM. 1478(I. sa. 1422)mAM mANikayasuMdarasUrie racelA 'pRthvIcandracarita'(ullAsa 5, 5*kita 86--96)mAM A 84 jJAtienAM nAma maLe che. jue muni jinavijayajI (saMpA.), prAcIna gujarAtI gadya-saMdarbha", pR. 155. 4. 'khAiya khaggu na liMti, sAhasiyaha sAhasu galai (samarArAsu,6). 5. i. vi. trivedI, uparyukta, 3, 665 7, 'vimalaprA dha', khaMDa 2, kaDI 63-72 6. asAIta, 'hu'sAulI', 3-45 9. ejana, khaDa 3, kaDI 66 9. ejana, khaMDa 2, 3DI 75 10. mA. ma. zAha, narasi'ha mahetA pUrvenA prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM vyakata thatuM samAjajIvana', pR. 47-48, 305-11 11. i.vi. trivedI, uparyukta, pR. 668 12. 'vimalaprakha'dha', ma`Da 3, kaDI 4-16 13. bA. ma. zAha, uparyukta, pU. 52-65 14. ejana, pR.61-62 1pa. ejana, pR. 53 16. bhA. ja. sAMDesarA, 'jimaNavAra-paridhAna--vidhi, vaNaeN ka-samuccaya', bhAga 1, pR. 173 17. jalebI arakhI jhallAkhiyA' parathI AveleA zabda che ane enA ullekha 15 mI sadIthI maLe che--bhA. ja. sAMDesarA ane 2. nA. mahetA, vaNu ka-samuccaya', bhAga 2, pR. 11, pAdaTIpa 2 18. gujarAtamAM iMDarI IDalI cheka 12 mI sadIthI jANItI heAvAnu jaNAya che.--ejana, rR. 18, pAdaTIpa 1

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satanata kAla 208) / 19. ejana, pR. 19, khA. ma. zAha, upappu kta, pR. 166 20. mA. ma. zAha, upayukta rR. 158 22-23. 'vimalaprabaMdha', kha`Da pa, kaDI 92 24. sabhavataH A samaye me'dInA upayoga thatA heAvAnu` jaNAtuM nathI.--jue khA. ma. zAha, upayukata, pR. 162. [tra. 21. ejana, pR. 160 25. ke. kA. zAstrI (sa'pA.) 'vasantavilAsa' (phAgu) kaDI 40-53, 55, 57-59, 62, 68; dhI. dha. zAha, vimalaprakha'dha, adhyayana, pR 127 26. khA. ma. zAha, upayukta pR. 123-31 27. vimalaprabaMdha', khaMDa 3, kaDI 2327; khA. ma. zAha, upayukta, pR. 70 28. ejana, kha'Da 3, kaDI 30-34 ane kha'Da 4, kaDI 37 29. ejana, khaMDa 4, kaDI 35-37 30. dhI. dha. zAha, upayukta, pR. 119-120; khA. ma. zAha, upayukta, pR. 72-77 31. strInAM sAhasayogo vize sopAnavRttivat / jue ha. gaM. zAstrI, dhALakAnI vAvanA zilAlekha', ''svAdhyAya", pu. 1, pR. 84-87; vaLI satIprathAnAM bIjA dRSTAMtA mATejue D. B. Diskalkar, Inscriptions of Kathiawad, Nos. 51, 52, 72, 99; 'bhAvanagara prAcIna zeAdhasa graha' mAM ApelI lekhacimAM kramAMka 73, 121, 196; ke. kA. zAstrI, 'anuzIlana', pR. 57-58. 32. J. Chaube, History of Gujarat Kingdom, p. 82 33. 'lapaddhati', pR. 44-47; zrIdhara vyAsa, 'raLana-ind', 7 34. ha`sAulI, 4-66 35. khA. ma. zAha, upayukta, pR. 130-31 44. ejana, pR. 5-6 46. TubhAI ra. nAyaka, upayukta, pR. 300 47. karIma mahamada mAstara, uparyukta, pR. 17-18 49. S. C. Misra, op. cit., p. 13 36. mANikacasudaMra, uparyukta, ullAsa 4, 5 kita 20-22 37 thI 4. dhI. dha. zAha, upayukta, pR. 122-23 rn. Cited by S. C. Misra, Mulism Communities in Gujarat, pp, 6-7 42. TTabhAI ra. nAyaka, madhyayugIna bhArata', khaMDa 2, pR. 300 43. karIma mahamada mAstara, mahAgujarAtanA musalamAne', bhAga 1-2, pR. 5-6 45. ejana, pR. 17-18 48. ejana pR. 17-18

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muM sAmAjika sthiti [279 40. M. S. Commissariat, A History of Gujarat, Vol. 1, p. 25 5. s. C. Misra, op. cir, p. 137 para-53. karIma mahamada mAstara, uparyukta, pR. 53 54. ejana pR. 53 paya. 2. mI. jeTa, ejana, khaMDa 1-2, pR. 42 45. M. S. Commissariat, op.cit., pp. 139-140 57. maulAnA saiyada abu jhaphara nadavI sAheba, gujarAta kI tamaddanI tArIkha, pR. 187 58-59. pagana, pR. 182 60. karIma mahamada mAstara. uparyukta, pR. 501 11-62. maulAnA saiyada abu jhaphara nadavI sAheba, uparyukta, pR. 194 63. gjhana, pR. 218 64. karIma mahamada mAstara, uparyukta, pR. 591592 5. ejana, pR. 596

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prakaraNa 10 Arthika sthiti satanata kAla darayAna risora hajAra gAma ne thoDAM zaheromAM vaselA gujarAtamAM khetI ane vepAra e be moTA dhaMdhA hatA. A baMne dhaMdhA evA khalyA hatA ke e samRddhi ane seMdhavArIne jamAne hato. ghauM cekhA java juvAra caNA tala jevAM dhA tathA kerI zeraDI aMjIra drAkSa dADama kAgadI-lIMbu keLAM nALiyera taDabUca rAyaNa jevAM phaLa paNa puSkaLa pramANamAM pAkatAM. ra jAta jAtanI kerInA svAdathI paradezIo to ApharIna thaI jatA.3 zeraDI te eTalI badhI pAkatI ke ene bhAva paNa puchAto na hato. zAkabhAjI paNa sArA pramANamAM thatI phIrojazAha tugaluke mahesUla vagerenI je suvyavasthA karI tene pariNAme dezamAM kAyamI soMghavArI thaI. mahamUda begaDAnI vyavasthAe paNa bhAvanI sapATI sArA pramANamAM nIcA rAkhI hatI. eka rdeiza pramANe phIrojazAhanA zAsanamAM ghauM ATha "jitala'nA eka maNa maLatA, jyAre caNA cAra "jitala'nA maNanA bhAve vecAtA. bIjA nirdeza anusAra IsavI sananA 14mA zatakamAM ghauM cha Ane maNa, java cAra Ane maNuM, cekhA sADA-sAta Ane maNa, caNA be Ane bhaNa, khAMDa eka rUpiye maNa tathA sAkara savA rUpiye maNanA bhAve maLatI, jyAre UMcI jAtanAM bheMsa ke baLadane bhAva be rUpiyA hato svAbhAvika rIte dUdha-ghInI chata hatI ane khAvApIvAnI cIjonI dukAne paNa puSkaLa hatI. mIThAIo tathA sUkAM phaLa bagaDyA vinA gujarAtathI makkA sudhI jatAM.* Ama khetImAM mabalakha pAka Utarato hato ema lAge che, paraMtu yuddhonA e kAlamAM Akramaka sainya AjubAjunA khAlasA pradezane pAyamAla karatuM, jemAM khetIne paNa nAza thato. 11 kapAsa sArA pramANamAM thato hAI prAcIna kAlathI ja gujarAtamAM kApaDaudyAga khIlyo che. e samayamAM racAyelA "varNakamAM vividha prakAranAM

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10 gu] Arthika sthiti [201 vastrAnI yAdI ApelI che te uparathI kApaDa udyoganA vaividhyayukta vikAsane khyAla pAvI zake ema che.12 A nAmeAmAMnAM keTalAMka te spaSTa rIte akhIphArasI mULanAM che. gujarAtA chATAne meATo vepAramalAA tathA pUrvanA dezo sAthe hateA.13 jarInA ArI-bharatanI hunnarakalA paNa khUba vikasI hatI. I.sa. 1514 mAM gujarAta AvelA kira`gI elacIene amadAvAdamAM jarInA ArIbharatanA jhabhbhA paherA (vAmAM AvyA hatA ane emanA mANasAne raMgIna malamalanA jhabhbhA ApavAmAM AvyA hatA. 14 miJAta-rU-marI spaSTa zabdomAM jaNAve che ke gujarAtanA hunnaranI kIti IrAna turAna rAma ane sIriyA sudhI vistarI hatI. 15 lagabhaga badhA sulatAneAnA nAmanA sikkA paDelA. A mATe keTalIka TaMkazALA cAlatI hatI; jema ke amadAvAda ahamadanagara(hiMmatanagara) mustaphAbAda(jUnAgaDha) muhammadAbAda (cAMpAnera ) vagere. 16 humAyU e I.sa. 1515 mAM cAMpAnera-pa gADha yuM. te pachI tyAM eNe peAtAnA cAMdInA tathA tAMbAnA sikkA paDAvelA. emAMnA eka upara cAMpAnera hiM. sa. 942 mAM jitAyuM e ullekha uparAMta enuM 'zarTUna-murrama" evu nAma ApeluM che, jyAre bIjA ekamAM hU~ ma yAna' (e jamAnAnuM zahera) evu lakhyu che. 17 A kAlakhaMDanA siksa enAM lakhANa khita kheA vajana AkAra vagerene abhyAsa karatAM evI prati thAya che ke baMgALa mALavA ane jaunapurana sulatAneAnA sikkAenI sarakhAmaNImAM gujarAtanA A sikkA paNa keTaloka AtamAM AgavI lAkSaNikatA dharAvatA hAI echA rasaprada nathI,18 saltanata kAlanA badhA AigmAmAM mahamUda begaDAnA 'mahamUdI' sauthI vadhAre laipriya ane lAMbA samaya sudhI pracalita rahyA hatA. zrIdharAcAryanA gaNitasAra' upara vi. sa. 1449(I.sa. 1393) mAM rAjakIti mitre lakhelI jUnI gujarAtI TIkAmAM nANAM ane telamApanAM kASThaka ApelAM che, jemAM dhAnya suvarNAdi kuMkumAdi ane ghI-telanAM tAlamApa tathA jamInanAM mApatA samAveza thAya che. gujarAtIe emanAM vepAra-vANijyanI kuzaLatA mATe prAcIna kAlathI ja prasiddhi pAmyA che. gujarAtanI vepArI pravRtti I.sa. pUrve 3000 thAye jUnA che ema ijiptanI kAmAMthI nIkaLelI siMdhu nAmanI malamala ane gujarAtanI gaLI uparathI siddha karavA prayatna thaye che, 19

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282) satata kAla [>, AbukarkanA patramAM jaNAveluM che ke gujarAtanA kinArAnI hada prabhAsa pATaNathI mAhIma ane cevala sudhI che ane enI laMbAI 130 lIga che. * I.sa. 1503 mAM AvelA iTAliyana musAphara hyuMDe viko DI varthemAe paNa cevala sudhI gujarAtanI sattA hatI evuM spaSTa jaNAvyuM che. 21 gujarAta corAsI baMdaranA vAvaTA tarIke jANItuM che. enI gaNatarI karatA mita-gamI jaNAve che ke emAM 23 gujarAta-saurASTranAM baMdara ane bAkInAM 61 hiMda arabastAna vagerenAM baMdara samajavAM, paraMtu gujarAtanA kinArAnAM ullikhita baMdaranI saMkhyA 23 karatAM vadhI jAya cheH agAsI utA ke navAnagara kAvI kelavADa khaMbhAta gAMdhAra ghoghA cevala cela jaMjIrA jApharAbAda ke mujhaphapharAbAda Dumasa tArApura damaNa dahANuM dIva pIramabeTa puramIna ke puramiyANuM prabhAsapATaNa ke somanAtha, bAkara bharUca magadaLa mahuvA mAMgaroLa mAhI-muMbaI rAMdera rAjapura lAharI valasADa vasaI ziyALabeTa surata ane hoTa. khaMbhAta bhAratanuM mukhya baMdara hatuM. dasamI sadIthI e soLamI sadImAM satanatanA aMta sudhI lagabhaga pAMca sadI sudhI e samasta dezanuM moTAmAM moTuM ane sarvathI samRddha baMdara rahyuM.23 akhAtanA meTA juvALathI dariye purAvAne lIdhe gujarAtanuM vepAra mATenuM sarvazreSTha sthaLa chatAM khaMbhAta naukAsainya mATe nakAmuM thaI gayuM hatuM anA A kAlakhaMDamAM dIva sauthI vadhAre sagavaDavALuM baMdara banyuM hatuM.24 gujarAtanA mIre bahara arthAta naukAsenApati malika ayAjhe dIvane ja pitAnuM mathaka rAkhyuM hatuM.25 200 yuddhajahAjone kAle tyAM raheto hato. Ama salAmatI hovAthI tyAM vepAra paNa vadhe ane jUnI dezI vastI uparAMta dhanavAna paradezI vepArIo paNa tyAM AvIne vasyA hatA, eTale 14 mI thI 16 mA zataka sudhI dIva prathama varganuM baMdara hatuM. 27 nAnA beTa upara vaselA A mahattvanA baMdarane saurASTranA kinArA sAthe sAMkaLothI bAMdhI malika ayAjhe vahANa mATe sagavaDa karelI, jene "sAMkaLakATa' kahetA.28 e cAre bAju keTavALuM topakhAnAthI surakSita zahera hatuM. 29 I.sa 1515 mAM AvelA phiraMgI musAphara bAbAsAe malabAra IrAna arabaratAna ane AphrikAnA kinArAnAM baMdara sAthenA dIvanA vepAranuM vigatavAra varNana ApyuM che, AyAta-nikAsanI vastuo gaNAvI che, ane kAcA tathA taiyAra mAlanuM varNana karI jaNAvyuM che ke vepArathI rAjAne thatI moTI Avaka Azcaryajanaka hatI.30 rAtA samudranA dvAra samuM eDana, IrAnI akhAtamAMnuM ghoDAnA vepAranuM mukhya sthaLa heramajha ane hiMdanA kinArAnI

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10 muM. Arthika sthiti (283 madhyamAM Avela gevA-A badhAnI vacce saurASTranA kinAre AvelA dIvanA beTanuM eka madhyavatI keMdra tarIke khAsa mahatva hatuM ane tethI ja phira gIoe tene kabaje karavA mATe emanA ItihAsamAM savathI bhAre kahevAya evAM naukAyuddha khelyAM.32 chevaTe I.sa. 1535 mAM bahAdurazAhe emane dIvamAM kille bAMdhavAnI paravAnagI ApI.33 1539 ma baMdaranI jakAtano trIjo bhAga phiraMgIone maLyo ane 1546nA navembaramAM teo dIva kAyamanuM jItI gayA.35 tyArabAda 1548 mAM saMdhi thatAM dIvanI sthiti sudharI ane 100 vahANo, 6000nuM lazkara ane 4000 savAre tyAM rahyA. A uparAMta hiMdu vastI judI.37 dIvanA I.sa. 1546 nA bIjA yuddha vakhate gujarAtanuM tApakhAnuM uttama hatuM.38 traNa te bahu moTI topa hatI, jemAMnI eka navAInI cIja tarIke piTugala mekalAyelI, senTa juliyananA killAmAM rAkhavAmAM AvI, je dIvanI tapa' tarIke prakhyAta che. 39 gujarAtI lakara pAse paththara phekatuM yaMtra hatuM, jenAthI phiraMgIo DaratA. eka phreMca e calAvate teNe 30 paththara kilAmAM pheMkelA. enA mRtyu pachI bIjAne e na phAvatAM UlaTI dizAmAM paththara phe kAtAM e baMdha karavuM paDeluM. * I.sa. 1540 pahelAM surata karatAM sAme kAMThe AveluM rAMdera vadhAre samRddha hatuM ene phiraMgIoe bALyA pachI e zahera ghasAtuM gayuM ane suratanI vRddhi thaI phiraMgI trAsa sAme bacAva mATe mahamUda 3 jAnA samayamAM suratane kille baMdhAyo 41 - I.sa. 1532 mAM phiraMgIo sAme rakSaNa mATe bahAdurazAhe vasaIne majabUta kille baMdhAvyo, paNa teo jItyA ane 400 pa laI gayA. vasaInI AsapAsathI vahANa bAMdhavA mATe uttama jAtanuM valasADI sAganuM lAkaDuM maLatuM hatuM.42 1534 nA DisembaramAM bahAdurazAhe zaramabharelI saMdhi karI AsapAsanA pradeza tathA Avaka sAthe vasaI phiraMgIone ApI detAM gujarAtanAM vahANone tyAM mahesUla bharavuM paDatuM ane "manavAra" paNa gujarAtanAM baMdaroe banAvI na zakAya evI zarata thaI hatI.43 * tApI taTanuM magadallA baMdara hasabIothI vaseluM hatuM. phiraMgIoe ene ujajaDa karI mUkayuM tyAre mAtra eka hAtha kApelA mANasane bacavA dIdhe!44 e pachI jyAM dariyAI vepArathI samRddha dhanavAna leke sArAM moTAM makAnamAM rahetA hatA te narmadAtaTanA hAMsoTa baMdare strIo sahita sarvanI teoe katala karelI.45 dIva paDayuM tyAre sAme kinAre Avela navAnagara-UnA samRddha thatuM hatuM. ene majabUta kille bAMdhavAmAM Avyo.46

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satanata kAla [pra. kAvI ane gadhAra baMdara hatAM. ghaMghA moTuM zahera hatuM, paNa vahANone cAra mAIla dUra laMgaravuM paDatuM; tyAMthI nAnI heDImAM dhAmAM javAnuM. 47 gAdhAramAM vANiyA vepArI ane khAsa karIne jenonI vastI vadhAre hoya ema lAge che.48 puramIna ke puramiyANI baMdarano ullekha khAsa noMdhavA jevo che. A baMdaranA vepArIone ImAratI lAkaDAne vepAra mAhIma tArApura vagere baMdaro sAthe hato 49 gujarAta makkAnuM dvAra gaNAtuM. haja karavA janArane gujarAtanAM baMdarothI ja javuM paDatuM. malika ayAjha, ene putra malika tuvAna ane pachI mustaphA rUmakhAna jevA kuzaLa naukA-adhikArIonA adhikAramAM gujarAtanAM baMdara ghaNe aMze salAmata hatAM.50 "tArId--fhAdurazAhIne kartA khaMbhAtano dara (customs officer) hato, e parathI dIvanA mukhya naukAdhyakSa uparAMta dareka baMdare amaladAre haze ema jaNAya che.pa1 A baMdaro dvArA gujarAtane vepAra dhamadhokAra cAlato hato. pATaNa jevA samudrathI so mAIla dUranA zaheramAM paNa nAvika-khAravA mATeno alaga mahele heya e ja gujarAtanI vahANa ane samudrane lagatI pravRtti kevI sArI haze ene khyAla Ape che.para vepAra ane enAM mukhya aMge-vahANavaTA ane nANAvaTA vize itihAsamAM Thera Thera chUTAchavAyA ullekha maLe che.53 tatkAlIna sAhitya paNa dariyAI vepAranI sAkSI pUre che. I.sa. 1336 mAM racAyelA kakkasUri kRta "nAminAninoDhAra-pravadhU'mAM A pradezanA badhA nivAsIo puSkaLa baMdaree avadha vyavasAya karIne paNa aDhaLaka dhana meLave che evuM spaSTa vidhAna kareluM che.54 15mA zatakanA "zrIpAlacarita'mAM sAMbI nagarInA dhavala zeThanuM je varNana ApavAmAM AvyuM che te gujarAtanA vahANavaTAnA jJAna mATe upayogI che. A zeTha pAse bharUcamAM eka "madhyama juga" nAmanuM soLa kUpa athata DALa(mast)vALuM vahANa, cAra 'laghuga' nAmanAM cAra cAra kUpavALAM, 100 vaDasaphara' nAmanAM, 54 sillI nAmanAM, 50 'AvattA' nAmanAM ane 35 "khurapA" nAmanAM vagere kula 500 vahANa hatAM. nAkhudA ane mAlama jevAM Aje ya vaparAtAM vahANanA amaladAronAM nAma paNa A saMdarbhamAM maLe che. AvA ghaNA vepArI vividha baMdaree hatA.55

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10 bu] Arthika sthiti [195 amadAvAdanuM jarIkAma tathA kinakhAbanuM kAma praza MsA pAmI cUkayuM hatu.pa ane enI pAsenuM sarakheja pazcima bhAratanuM gaLInuM mukhya mathaka gaNAtuM hatuM.pacha sarakhejanI A gaLI cheka yureApa jatI.58 kAzImAM banelI suMdara pAdhaDIe A badarA dvArA IrAna ane turkastAna sudhI paheAMcatI.pa9 bharUcamAM rezamI kApaDanA sAre vepAra cAlatA hatA.ka. dilhInuM kApaDa gujarAtamAM AvatuM te saMbhavata: videza mAkalavA mATe ja haze. 1 yurApa sAthenA vepAra mATe bhAge ame dvArA rAtA samudranAM baMdarAe thaIne thateA hateA,kare je phiraMgIethI sahana na thatAM teee nave raste bhArata sAthenA vepAra vadhAravA musalamAnA sAthe AthaDIne paNa bhagIratha prayatna karyAM.63 gujarAtanuM kApaDa e samaye duniyAbharamAM prasiddha hatuM. 64 mevADanA esavAla jJAtinA teAlAzAhanA putra karmAMzAhane| kApaDane vepAra dezAvarA khAte bahu moTA hatA eTale enu upanAma 'dArzI' paDayu hatu.. pa cAMciyAne upadrava A dariyAI vepAramAM kAI vAra avarodharUpa banI jatA. 14 mI sadInA pIramabeTanA meAkhaDAjI ga|helanAM cAMciyA tarIkenAM parAkrama bahu jANItAM che. 66 pAchaLathI pIramabeTanA cAMciyA hAMziyAra dariyA kheDanAra nAvikA ane vepArIe banI gayA hatA e hakIkata rasaprada che.'7 cAMciyAene vaza karavA naukAsainyA rahetAM, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa vepArIye peAtAnAM vahANAmAM laDAI mATenI taiyArI rAkhatA. 68 mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM gujarAtanuM vahANavaTu', naukAsainya tema ja dariyAI vepAra ghaNAM ja vadhyAM.69 bahAdurazAhanI katala pachI gujarAtanI samudra uparanI sattA ghaTI, chatAM lokAnA sAhasane lIdhe enI vepAra para bahu asara thai nahi.70 hiMdamAM gujarAtanu naukAsainya zreSTha hatuM.71 jarUriyAta pramANenAM vividha prakAranAM vahANu paNa sArA pramANamAM banAvAtAM. dIva gayA pachI surata bharUca damaNa ane khaMbhAtamAM sAganA lAkaDAnAM majabUta 1500 laDAyaka vahANu bAMdhavA khAM AvyAM hatAM.72 baLavAna naukAsainyane pratApe gujarAtanA dariyAI vepAra A samaye Toca para pahoMcyA hatA.73 gujarAtanA pATanagara amadAvAdane amUla jhale 'duniyAnuM bajAra' kahyuM che.74 siMkadara lAdI kaheto ke gujarAtanA sulatAnanI jAheojalAlI enA tAbAnAM gujarAtanAM 84 baMdarAnA paravALAM tathA meAtInA vepAra para AdhAra rAkhe che.75

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286) saltanata kAla [pra. gujarAtamAM AyAta thatA mAlamAM gheDA sepArI gulAbajaLa pistAM kisamisa drAkSa sonuM rUpuM tAMbu suramo vagereno samAveza thato. arabI ghoDA yamana beharIna ane IrAkathI AyAta karAtA. sopArI malabArathI AvatI.7 dIvamAM damArakasathI 1300 (ke 1600) maNa gulAbajaLa AveluM 78 khaMbhAtamAM AyAta thatA mAlamAM sonuM rUpuM tAMbughoDA ane sura vagereno samAveza thato.79 gujarAtanI chIMTanI moTI nikAsa dIva baMdarethI malAkkA tathA pUrvenA dezo khAte thatI.8* sarakhejanI gaLInI nikAsa paNa judA judA dezomAM sArA pramANamAM thatI. makkAmAM e sArI : khapatI. phiraMgIoe jyAre A gaLInA vepArane thaMbhAvI dIdhe tyAre enA bhAva makakAmAM vadhI gayA: eka karaMDiye 200 senAmahAranA bhAve khapatA. bhAtanI nikAsa thatI vastuomAM suMTha kapAsa gUgaLa sugaMdhA padArtha, khAMDa gaLI bArIka kApaDa lAkha AmaLAM rezamI kApaDa ane cAmaDAM vagerene samAveza thato. A mAla moTe bhAge IrAna arabastAna AphrikA ane cIna vagere khAte ja.81 A kAlakhaMDanAM AbAda nagaramAM pATaNa(naharavAlA) amadAvAda(asAvala), khaMbhAta DabhoI vaDAdarA bharUca surata rAMdera navasArI sulatAnapura naMdarabAra dhoLakA mAMgaroLa somanAtha pATaNa verAvaLa jUnAgaDha ane gAMDaLa hatAM.82 phirojazAha tugalake mahesUlane lagatA sudhArA karyA tethI dezamAM kAyamanI sAMghavArI thaI e ApaNe upara nodhyuM.83 tyAra bAda gujarAtamAM ahamadazAhe vAMTAnI prathA dAkhala karI. rAjyanI Avakano moTo bhAga baMdaronI mahesUla ane jakAtathI maLatA.84 dIvanA baMdarI mahesUlane badhe haka gujarAtanA sulatAna ne hato 85 Ama gujarAtanA saltanatanA samagra kAlakha DanA Arthika mALakhAnuM avalokana karatAM pratIti thAya che ke e samaya sAMdhavArI ane samRddhine hato. gujarAtano sAgarakAMThe vepArathI chalakAI rahyo hato ane madhyabhAga dhAnyathI UbharAI rahyo hatA.8 I.sa. 1515 mAM humAyUe cAMpAnera-pAvAgaDha jItyuM tyAre tyAMthI ene jagatanA sarva dezomAMthI gujarAtanA sulatAnoe bheguM kareluM aDhaLaka dravya prApta thayuM hatuM.87

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10 mu. Arthika sthiti 2i7. pAdaTIpa 1. imAmuddIna sararUdIna daragAhavAlA, "caudamI sadInuM gujarAta', "phAdharsa gujarAtI sabhA saimAsika," pu. 6, pR. 559, A gaNanA " tAtuka yara'mAM itihAsakAra vansTAphe ApelI che evI nedha ahIM karavAmAM AvI che. 25. I.sa. daragAhavAlA, uparyukta, pR. 560 6. 2. bhI. jeTa, gujarAtane prAcIna itihAsa; islAma yuga", khaMDa 1, pR. 172; Elliot, History of India As Told by its own Historians, Vol. III, p. 355 - 7. 2. bhI. jeTa, uparyukata, khaMDa 1, 5. 11, Elliot, op. cit, pp. 90 and [344-345 8. I. sa. daragAhavAlA. uparyuMkata, pR. 560 9. ejana, 5. pa61 10. ra. bhI. jeTa, upayuMkata, khaMDa 3, 5. 759 tathA enI uparanI pAdaTIpa 69 11. ejana, khaMDa 2, pR. 496-497 12. bhe. ja. sAMDesarA ane 2. nA. mahetA, 'varNaka-samuccaya', bhAga 2, pR. 14-148 13. 2. bhI. jeTa, uparyuMkata, khaMDa 3, pR. 674-675; R. s. Whiteway, The Rise of portuguses Power in India, 1497-1550, p. 191 14. 2. bhI. jATa, uparyukta, khaMDa 3, pR. 680 15. ejana, khaMDa 2. pR. 305 16. vigata mATe juo prakaraNa 8 nuM pariziSTa. 17. 2. bhI. jeTa, uparyuM kata, khaMDa 3, pR. 749 18. bhA. lA. mAMkaDa, 'gujarAta salatanatanA sikkAo, pathika, pu. 12. aM. 10, pR. 36 19. 2. bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 4, pR. 1046; mi. hyuITa (Mr. Heuit)nA Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and IrelandmAM mudrita thayelA lekhanA AdhAre Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. 1 nA pR. 11 upara lIdhelI noMdha 2 20. ejana, khaMDa 4, pR. 684; R. s. Whiteway, op. cit., p. 308 21. ejana, khaMDa 4, pR. 1964; Konkan History, Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part II, p. 31 22. ejana, baMDa 4, pR. 1064; mirAta- alUmI (gujarAtI bhASAMtara), pR. 14-1 23. vigato mATe juo A prakaraNane aMte ApeluM pariziSTa.

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saltanata phAla 13. 229] 24. 2. bhI. joTa, uparyukata, kha`Da 3, pR. 874-875 25. ejana, khaMDa 2, pR. 490 uparanI pAdaTIpa 25 tathA rR. 498; kha`Da 4, pR. 164 26. Z. A. Desai, Relations of India with Middle-Eastern Countries, during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth centuries', Journal of the Oriental Institute, Vol. XXIII, Parts 1-2, p. 81, n. 6 27. 2. bhI. joTa, uparyuM kata, khaMDa 3, pR. 874-875 28. ejana, khaMDa 3, pu. 876 29. ejana, khaDa 3, pR. 875; M. S. Commissariat, Studies in the History of Gujarat, p. 4 (I.sa. 1504mAM AvelA iTAliyana musAphara hyure vikA DI vamAe karelA vanane eka bhAga). 30. 2. bhI. joTa, uparyuM`kata, khaMDa 3, pU. 875-876 31. ejana, kha'Da 3, pR. 670-602 62. ejana, khaMDa 3, pR. 875 33. ejana, khaMDa 3, pR. 771-772,R. S. Whiteway, op. cit., p. 240 34. 2. bhI. joTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 3, pR. 838 tathA te paranI pAdaTIpa 23-24; Whiteway, op. cit., p. 266; M. S. Commissariat, A History of Gujarat, Vol. 1, p. 412; F. C., Danvers 'The Portuguese in India', Vol. 1, p. 436 35. 2. bhI. joTa, uparyukta, kha'Da 3, pR. 859, M. S. Commissariat, Studies in the History of Gujarat, p. 37; R. S. Whiteway, op. cit., pp. 313-314; F. C. Danvers, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 476 36. ra. bhI, joTa, uparyuM`kata, khaMDa 3, pR. 873 37. ejana, khaMDa 3, pR. 874, pAdaTIpa 15 38. ejana, khaMDa 3, pR. 846 39. ejana, khaMDa 3, pR. 783 40. ejana, kha'Da 3, pR. 851 tathA e paranI pAdaTIpa 55; R. S. Whiteway, op. cit,, p. 307 41. 2. bhI. joTa, uparyukata, kha'Da 3, pR. 824-825 42, ejana, khaMDa 3, pR. 767-768; F. C. Danvers, op. cit., Vol. I, pp. 402-404 43, 2. bhI, jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 3, pR. 770 44. ejana, kha'Da 3, 5, 854-855; M. S. Ccmmissariat, Studies in the History of Gujarat, p. 31 45. 2. bhI. jeTa, uparyaMta, khaMDa 3, pR. 855; M. S. Cormissariat, op. cit., p. 32

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10 muJ Arthika sthiti [289 46. 2. bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 3, pR. 862 47. 2. bhI. joTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 1, pR. 25-186 48. ejana, khaMDa 3, pR. 861 uparanI pAdaTIpa 86 49. ejana, khaMDa 3, pR. 84ra 50. 2. bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 3, pR. 763 51. ejana, khaMDa 4, pR. 1067; fmajJAta rUsivArI, (gu. anu), pR. 244 para. 2. bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa, 4, pR. 158-1059; A. Forbes, Rasmala New edition, p. 192 53. 2. bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 4, pR. 1041-1042 54. nivAsI ga: sarve anu maripu . ___vyavasAye kRte'lpe'pi ni:sImazriyamaznute // -nAbhinandanajinoddhAraprabandha, 2.48 vaLI juo, 2. bhI. jeTa, uparyukta khaMDa 4, pR. 1063. papa. 2. bhI, jeTa, uparyukta khaMDa 4, pR. 1062-1063 56, kizoralAla koThArI, "prAgaitihAsika ane aitihAsika kALanuM naukAbaLa', pathika, pR. 13, aMka 2, pR. 19 ba 57. ejana, pR. 19 ba 58. ejana, pR. 19 ba-20 a 59. ejana, pR. 20 a 60, ra. bhI. joTa, uparyuktakhaMDa 3, pR. 862-863; M. S. Commissariat, Studies in the History of Gujarat, pp. 42-43 6. 2. bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 2, pR. 541 tathA e paranI pAdaTIpa 59; mitrata - fsaro'(gu. anu.), 5. 112-123; "tAta- gavarI" (gu. anu.), pR. 270-278 62. 2. bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 3, pR. 665 63. ejana, khaMDa 3, 5, 665-66 64. ejana, khaMDa 2, pR. 872; R. S. Whiteway, op. cit, p. 314 65. ra. bha. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 3, pR. 717 66-67. ejana, khaMDa 4, pR. 1064 68. ra. bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 4, pR. 1065; " migata rU- sirI" (gu. anuM), pR. 127 69. ejana, khaMDa 4, pR. 1064 70 ejana, khaMDa 4, pR. 1066 71. ejana, khaMDa 3, pR. 84ra uparanI pAdaTIpa 42 72. ejana, khaMDa 3, pR. 84 73. ejana, khaMDa 4, pR. 1066 74. ejana, khaMDa, 4. pR. 1070 tatha' e paranI pAdaTIpa 81 I-5-19

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290]. saltanata kAla pi, 5. ejana, khaMDa 3, pR. 737 tathA khaMDa 4, pR. 1067 76, I. sa. daragAhavAlA, uparyukta. pR. 560 77. ejana, khaMDa, 542 tathA e paranI pAdaTIpa 62 minnAta-pha- sirI (anuM), pR.124 8. 2. bhI. joTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 3. pR. 15 tathA pAdaTIpa 89, khaMDa 4, pR. 1067; fmagAta sirI (gu. anuM), pR. 24 79. 2 bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 4, pR. 159-60; gujarAta sarvasaMgraha', pR. 152, 255 80. 2. bhI. joTa, uparyukta. khaMDa 3, pR. 674-675; R. s. Whiteway, op. cil, pp. 191-192 81. ejana, khaMDa 4, 5, 1059-60; gujarAta sarvasaMgraha, pR. 152, 255 82. I. sa. daragAhavAlA, uparyukta, pR. 559 83. juo pAdaTIpa 6 ane 2. bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 1, pR. 171-172. 84. ejana, khaMDa 3, pR. 709 85. ejana, khaMDa, 3, 5, 771-772 86. I. sa. daragAhavAlA, uparyukta, pR. 557 87. 2. mI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 1, pR. 749

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ziza khaMbhAta--gujarAtanuM mazahUra baMdara saltanata kAlamAM khaMbhAta mazahUra baMdara hatuM, sAlakI phAlamAM 1 mahIsAgara saMgama pAse 6 ThThI- mI sadImAM nagaraka (nagarA) vahIvaTI mathaka hatuM. 1 e pachI mahInA mukhane paTa sAMkaDA thatAM nagarAnI dakSiNe khaMbhAta a vasyuM hatuM. dasamI sadIthI araba musA khaMbhAtane eka sArA baMdara tarIke "ullekha kare che.2 siddharAja jayasiMhanA samayamAM tyAM pArasIe tathA musalamAnI paNa vastI hatI. kumArapAlanA ane vastupAlanA samayamAM tyAM jaina dharma paNa sArA pramANamAM pracalita hateA.4 uttara hiMdustAnanA muslimA makke haja karavA badarathI jatA.5 seolaMkI kAlamAM kha`bhAta pazcima bhAratanuM mahattvanuM baMdara hatuM. khaMbhAtanA joDA paradeza jatA. AsapAsathI kapAsa kApaDa gaLI sUMTha vagere AvatuM. mALavAvI khAMDa AvatI te uttara hiMdamAMnA mulatAnathI paNa mAla AvatA. kha MbhAtathI mAtra vaDAAmAM pazcimamAM IrAna abhastAna ane AphrikAnAM baMdarAe jatA ne pUrvamAM kArAma`DA kinArAthI mAMDIne cheka cIna sudhI jatA. jagatanA dareka dezanI cIjo khaMbhAtamAM maLatI ane khaMbhAta thaIne enI AyAta tathA nikAsa thatI. IrAnI akhAtamAMnAM baMdarAthI gheADAnI dhaNI meATI AyAta thatI. khaMbhAta hi MdanAM sahuthI moTAM badAmanuM eka gaNAtu. sAla ka rAjyanA naukAsainyanuM e vahu... mathaka hatuM. 6 saltanata kAlamAM alAuddIna khalajInA senApati nasaratakhAne khaMbhAta para caDAI karI tyAMnA vepArIo pAsethI javAhIra ane bIjI ki MmatI vastue paDAvI hatI. malika kAphUra 'hajAra dInArI' nannatakhAnane khaMbhAtathI maLyo hateA te e sulatAnanA mAnIteA thayeA hateA. tyAre videzIe gujarAtane khaMbhAtanA rAjya' tarIke oLakhatA eTalu gujarAtamAM khaMbhAtanuM mahattva (vasa) hatuM. ahIM eka suMdara ane bhavya jumA masjida baMdhAI hatA. tagInA baLavAne zamAvavA .

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2hara satanata kAla [pra. 10 bhuM muhammada tugalaka khaMbhAta Avyo hato. nAjhima jhapharakhAne rAtIkhAnanA julame sAme phariyAda karanAra khaMbhAtanA vepArIone khaMbhAta jaI saMteSa Apyo hato. dilhI salatanatanA amala daramyAna khaMbhAtanA baMdara tarIkenA ullekha maLatA nathI. banne batUtA cIna jatAM I.sa. 1345 mAM khaMbhAta Ave te khaMbhAtanI suMdara masjidone ane zaheranI suMdaratAne nirdeza kare che.' gujarAtanI svataMtra sahatanatanA amala daramyAna khaMbhAta gujarAtanA naukAsainyanuM eka moTuM mathaka hatuM. ahIMnAM naukAsainya cAMciyAone vaza karatAM paMdaramI sadImAM khaMbhAtanA vepAranI jAhojalAlI hatI. amadAvAdarUpI laMDananuM e lIvarapula hatuM. yuropa ane eziyAnA dezamAM AkhuM hiMdaratAna tyAre khaMbhAtanA nAme oLakhAtuM. uttara hiMdustAna mATe e makkAnuM dvAra hatuM. soLamI sadInI zarUAtamAM Avelo yuropIya musAphara bArabosA khaMbhAta zaheranI samRddhinuM vigate nirUpaNa kare che ne khaMbhAtanA vepAra vize noMdhe che ke tyAMnA vepArIo mabAsAmAM ghara karIne rahe che, khaMbhAtanAM vahANamAM pitAne mAla Ave che ne sophAlA ane dakSiNa AphrikAmAM 200 mAIlathI dUra ane kepa eNpha guDa hopa sudhI jAya che. A vepArIo khaMbhAtane raMgIna bhAla AphrikAnA aMdaranA lekone ApI badalAmAM jokhyA vagara sonuM le che ne e upara so TakA upara naphe kare che. mabAsAmAM khaMbhAtanAM ghaNAM vahANa Ave che. khaMbhAtathI gheDA eTalA badhA AvatA ne jatA ke Azcarya thAya. khaMbhAtanAM vahANa eTalAM badhA ne evaDAM moTAM Ave che ane eTale badhe mAla lAve che ke enI kiMmatane vicAra karatAM gabharAmaNa thaI jAya." IrAnI akhAtanA haramujha saMdaranI Avaka khaMbhAta sAthenA vepAra upara ja AdhAra rAkhatI. eDanane khaMbhAta sAthe moTA vepAra hato. peDumAM khaMbhAtanuM kApaDa ane rezamI paToLAM bahu jatAM. AvAmAM paNa khaMbhAtane ghaNo mAla jato. malAkkA jAvA ane cInamAM paNa khaMbhAtathI ghaNu cIjonI AyAta thatI. 11 sthAnika udyoga-dhaMdhA khaMbhAtamAM dakSiNa gujarAtamAMthI tathA dezAvarothI akIka maMgAvIne emAMthI suMdara cIjo ghaDavAne udyoga prAcIna kAlathI khIlyo che. enA ullekha khAsa karIne 16mI sadImAM maLe che. akIkane ghaDavAnI ane poliza karavAnI hunnara-kalA mATe khaMbhAta tyArathI khAsa mazahUra che. akIkamAMthI ghaDelI tyAMnI vividha cIjonI cIna arabaratAna ane yuropamAM ghaNI nikAsa thatI. khaMbhAtamAM kApaDa

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pari] khaMbhAta-gujarAtanuM mazahura baMdara 23 ne udyoga paNa sAro khIlyo hato. khaMbhAtamAM kuzaLa vaNakaranI ghaNI vastI hatI. ahIM mIThuM pakavavAne udyoga paNa sAro hato.12 mukhya nikAsa khaMbhAtathI akIkanI kalAkRtio paradezamAM nikAsa thatI, te tyAM khaMbhAtI paththaranI cIjo" tarIke oLakhAtI. anAjamAM khaMbhAtathI gujarAtanA ghauM malabAra arabastAna ane AphrikA jatA. emAM mALavAnA ghaune paNa samAveza thata hato. cokhA siMdha kAMkaNu malabAra arabastAna ane AphrikA jatA. bAjarI malabAra ane AphrikA jatI. dALa ane tala malabAra jatAM. kapAsa malabAra ane arabastAna jatuM. sUTha ane marI IrAna jatAM. khaMbhAtanuM aphINa IrAna vagere bAju temaja malabAra pegu ane mulAkAmAM jatuM. gujarAtanI gaLInI khaMbhAtathI IrAnI akhAta bAju ghaNI nikAsa thatI. khaMbhAtathI kaMkaNa ane malabAra bAju gheDa nikAsa thatA. A ghoDA kaccha ane saurASTra uparAMta arabastAnanA paNa haze. khaMbhAta A kAlamAM ghoDAnA sodAgaranuM khAsa mathaka hatuM ema jaNAya che. 13 kApaDane khaMbhAtane moTAmAM moTo vepAra hato. varthemA nAme musAphara lakhe che ke dara varSe sutarAu temaja rezamI kApaDa bharelAM 40 thI 50 moTAM vahANa dezAvara jatAM. bArabosA jhINuM temaja jADA-baMne jAtanA kApaDanI nikAsane ullekha kare che. emAM kAmaLA tathA zetaraMjIno samAveza thato. sIjhara phreDarika lakhe che ke chApelA sapheda ane raMgIna kApaDanI eTalI badhI jAto banatI ke gaNI zakAya nahi. phiraMgIo marI vagere tejAnA lAvI badalAmAM khaMbhAtathI kApaDa bharI jatA. e leke khaMbhAtane "duniyAnuM vastra" kahetA, kemake khaMbhAtathI eTaluM badhuM kApaDa dezAvara jatuM ke enAthI e vakhatanI AkhI duniyAnAM mANasone DhAMkI zakAya.14 kApaDa uparAMta sUtara rezama nakazIdAra-peTIo maNakA lAkha ane hAthIdAMtanI vastuonI paNa ahIMthI nikAsa thatI. gUgaLa vagere dUra cIna bAju jato ne e "khaMbhAtanA sugaMdhI dravya" tarIke oLakhAte 15 khaMbhAtamAM pokharAja gomeda sugaMdhI tela lAkha haraDe baheDAM AMbaLAM ane kAgaLane dhaMdhe paNa sAre cAlato. 16 mAyA jamIna mArga khaMbhAtamAM mALavAthI ghauM', dakSiNa bhAratathI hIrA ane siMdha-kaccha bAjuthI gUgaLa Avato; laherathI rezama, kAbulathI ghoDA tathA AMbaLAM tema bIjA mevA AvatA.17

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294). satanata kAla pri. 10muM jamIna mArge amadAvAda mAraphate ghaNe mAla Avato. lahera dilhI ane AgrAthI paNa amadAvAda thaI mAla Avato te moTe bhAge rAdhanapurane raste Avato. amadAvAdathI dara aThavADiye base gADAne kAphalA sAthe nIkaLato, kemake rastAmAM rAjapUto ane kALIono ghaNo bhaya hato. cokiyAta uparAMta jAmIna tarIke bhATa paNa sAthe rahetA ne kAphalAne harakta Ave to trAguM karatA. 18 samudra mArge eDanathI tAMbuM sIsuM pAro phaTakaDI ane hiMgaLakanI AyAta thatI. sonuMrUpuM AphrikA ane IrAna akhAtanAM baMdarathI AvatuM. malabArathI lokhaMDa, thAilenDa(siyAma)thI kalAI, ne mIThuM tathA gaMdhaka huramujha bAjuthI AvatAM. judI judI jAtanuM javAhara pegu zrIlaMkA ane IrAnathI AvatuM. malabArathI cekhA elacI pAna sopArI ane nAriyeLa AvatAM. aphINa majITha mAyAphaLa khajUra vagere arabastAna ane IrAnathI AvatAM. tejAnA ane suMgadhI padArtho melyukasa pegu bAMdA tira bani sumAtrA jAvA zrIlaMkA malabAra ane kAcIna-cInathI AvatA. IrAnI akhAtanA baMdarothI ghoDAnI ghaNI moTI AyAta thatI. hAthIdAMta moTe bhAge AphrikAthI Avato ne khaMbhAtamAM enA cUDA banatA. kAcabAnI DhAla ane keDI mAladvIpathI ane raMgamAM vaparAtI kabUtaranI hagAra AphrikAthI AvatI. pegu ane mAbAnathI lAkhanI ane jAvAthI kastUrInI AyAta thatI. AphrikA sokoTrA ane mAladvIpathI aMbara AvatuM. DhAkAthI bArIka malamala AvatuM, jyAre makhamala ane garama kApaDa yuropa bAjuthI rAtA samudramAM thaIne AvatuM. 19 khaMbhAtanA vepArIo - khaMbhAtamAM sthAnika vepArIo uparAMta videzI vepArIo vasatA, temAM elekajhAnDriyA damAsakasa ane turkastAnanA vepArI ghaNA hatA. arabo vagere musalamAne uparAMta phiraMgIo vagere yuropIo paNa hatA. emAM hiMduo uparAMta musalamAne paNa khaMbhAtanA vatanI thaI gayA hatA. ahIM dalAla vagara kaMI vepAra thatuM nahi. khAsa karIne videzI vepArIe to dalAla vagara kaMI dhaMdho karI zakatA nahi. dareka cIjanI Apale mATe dalAlanI jarUra paDatI. sIjhara phreDarika nodhe che ke khaMbhAta UtaryA pachI eka sAro dalAla zodhavo paDe che. e loka AbarUdAra heya che. emanA hAtha nIce 15 thI 20 gumAstA hoya che. vepArI vahANa uparathI UtarIne pitAnA mAlanI yAdI dalAlanA hAthamAM mUkI de che, dalAla enA utArAmAM khATalA goLI mATalAM vagerenI sagavaDa karI Ape che ke ene mAla vahANa mAMthI utarAvI ghera lAve che. dalAla vepArIne vecavAnI tathA kharIdavAnI vastu

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pari. khaMbhAta-gujarAtanuM mazahura baMdara 295 enA cAlu bhAva Ape che. vepAranA kahevA mujaba mAla vecI ke kharIdI Ape che, jakAta vagere lAgA cUkavI Ape che. game teTale vakhata lAge to paNa dalAla vagara jAte kaMI kAma thatuM nathI.20 khaMbhAtanA vepArIo vepAradhaMdhA mATe anya sthaLoe paNa vasatA, dakSiNa bhAratamAM prAcIna kAlIkaTa ane DAmolamAM khaMbhAtanA vepArIo judA lattAmAM sArA gharamAM rahetA ne potAnA pradezanA rivAja pALatA. paradezamAM hemujha baMdare tenaja AphrikAmAM mabAsA ane molI dAmAM ahIMnA vepArI hatA. ghaNuM videzI musApharo A vepArIo hoziyAra ane bharosApAtra hovAno abhiprAya Ape che, jyAre bIjA keTalAka teo kaMjUsa ane chetaranArA hovAnuM jaNAve che. 21 baMdaranI paDatI mahamUda begaDAnA rAjyakAlanA pAchalA bhAgamAM phiraMgIoe arabI samudranA kinArAnAM baMdaro para AkramaNa zarU karyA hatAM. govAmAM pitAnA paga majabUta: karyA pachI AgaLa jatAM dIvamAM pagapesAro karI kille bAMdhavA kozIza karI hatI.. gujarAtanA sulatAna pAsethI vasaI meLavyuM hatuM. gujarAtanAM vahANone dezAvara : jatAM vasaI jaI phiraMgI paravAno meLave paDato ne dezAvarathI pAchA pharatAM paNa vasaI AvI jakAta ApavI paDatI. gujarAtanAM baMdarAmAM yuddha mATenAM vahANuM. bAMdhavAnI manAI thaI. bahAdurazAhanA samayamAM phiraMgIone dIvamAM killo bAMdhavAnI paravAnagI maLI ane AgaLa jatAM damaNuM baMdara paNa kabaje karyuM, pariNAme khaMbhAtane AphrikA IrAna ane dakSiNa bhAratanAM baMdare sAthe vepAra ghaTato gayo. vaLI bahAdurazAhanA maraNa pachI gujarAtanI salatanata chinnabhinna thaI gaI. emAM khaMbhAta rasaiyada mubAraka bukhArInA, emanA maraNa pachI amIra itimAdakhAnanA ne chevaTe bharUcanA caMgIjhakhAnanA hAthamAM AvyuM hatuM, paraMtu caMgIjhakhAnanuM khUna thayuM ne tyAM jadU jahArakhAna habasInI sattA pravarte. ItimAdakhAne mughala bAdazAha akabarane gujarAta para caDAI karavA nimaMtraNa ApyuM ne gujarAta para mughala bAdazAhanI sattA pravaMta. akabare amadAvAdano kabaje laI khaMbhAtamAM pitAnI ANa pravartAvI, paraMtu pahelAM mirajhA muhammada husene ane pachI sulatAna mujhapharazAhe tyAM upadrava karyo, 22 paNa chevaTe tyAM mughala sattA daDha thaI. A rAjakIya saMjogonI viSamatAne laIne paNa khaMbhAtanA vepArane phaTako paDaze. 16 mI sadInA pAchalA bhAgamAM siMdhamAM ThaThThA baMdaranuM mahattva vadhatuM jatAM mulatAna paMjAba ane uttara hiMdano ghaNo vepAra khaMbhAtane badale e baMdarethI thavA lAgyo.23 A arasAmAM mahI vagere nadIonA kAMpane laIne khaMbhAtanA

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296] saltanata kAla [pra. 10su' akhatanA mathALAne bhAga purAtA jatA hovAthI meATAM vahANene ghelA la garavuM paDatu te tyAMthI khaMbhAta sudhInI mAlanI heraphera nAnA machavAomAM karavI paDatI. nAnAM vajrANa paNa mAtra pUttama ane amAsanI meATI bharatI vakhate ja khaMbhAtanA bArAmAM AvI zakatAM.24 mutrala amala daramyAna khaMbhAta baMdaranI Avaka ghaNI hatI te videzI rAjAe muvala zahenazAhane khaMbhAtanA rAjA' tarIke saedhatA 25 pAchaLathI khaMbhAtanA akhAtamAM aMdara tarIke khaMbhAtanI paDatI thai hatI, cAMciyAgIrI ane lUMTaphATane laIne kha MbhAtanA vepAra ghaTI gayA hatA, ne akhAtanA mukhamAM AvelA surata khaMdanuM mahattva vadhatuM kahyuM, `Ata ...te sutA nA hAtha nIce mUkavAmAM AvyuM; ene vahIvaTa suratanA musaddInA hAtha nIcene nAyaba mutsaddI karatA. khaMbhAtamAM aMgrejo ane valadAe potapeAtAnI kADI sthApI, paraMtu tenI mukhya keDI suratamAM hatI. khabhAtanu" vahANavaTu je saltanata kAlamAM eziyAmAM sarvopari hatu. te 19 mI sadImAM cheka najIkanAM baMdare pUratuM sImita thaI gayuM. akhAtanuM bAru vadhu ne vadhu purAtuM jatAM baMdaranA dhakkA kha`bhAtathI dUra khasatA gaye!, muMbaI-vaDAdarA relave amadAvAda sAthe teDAtAM vepAra ane vahANavaTAnA mathaka tarIke kha bhAtanuM khAruM lagabhaga baMdha thaI gayuM..26 pAdaTAyA . 1 graMtha 1, pR. 388 2 2. bhI. joTa, 'kha*bhAtaneA itihAsa', pR. 32, 107 4. ejana, pR 35-37; gu. e. le., bhA. 9, 207-212 6. ejana, pR. 107*1 08 9. ejana, pR. 4243, 109-110 11. ejana, pR. 111-112 14.-15. ejana, pR. 113 18. ejana, pR 11 2 21. ejana, pR. 114 1. ejana, pR. 388-391 6 ejana, pR. 34-35 1. jana, pR. 36 8 ejana, pR. 42 ejana, pR 4344, 111 13. ejana, pR. 112 17. ejana, pR. 113 20. ejana, pR. 114-115 7 ejana, pR. 40-42 10. 12. ejana, pR. 120-130 16. ejana, pR 109 19. pR. 116-114 22. ejana, pR. 4350; 2. bhI. Ta'gujarAtane sAMskRtika itihAsa, islAma yuga', pR. 672-771, 763789, 829-876, 884-901, 914-932, 994-1000 23. ejana, pR. 110 -111 1. ejata pR. 51 24. ejana, pR. 111, 115-116 26. ejana, pR. 116-119

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prakaraNa 1 bhASA ane sAhitya A kAlakhaMDamAM gujarAtamAM sarvatra krAMtinuM mojuM pharI vaLyuM: jUnI vicArasaraNImAM khaLabhaLATa macI gayo. sAhityamAM parivartana AvavA lAgyuM ne navA prakAra kheDAvA lAgyA. bhASAe no svAMga sajavA mAMDayo. saMskRta prAkRta ane apabhraMza bhASAonuM rAjakIya mahattva osaravA lAgyuM. dAnapatrone badale pharamAna AvyAM. pUrtakAryonI prazastio ochI thaI gaI. rAjAti brAhmaNa paMDitonI racanAo osaratI cAlI. prAcIna paThana pAThanamAM oTa AvavA lAgI. gujarAtI bhASAnuM svarUpa ghaDAvA lAgyuM. aMbadevasUrie "samarArAso mAM eka kaDImAM A samayanuM baMdU citra derI batAvyuM che: hiva pUNa navIya ja vAta. jiNi dIhADai dohalai ___khattiya khaggu na liti. sAhasiyaha sAhasu galai. " bhASA saMskRta saMskRtamAM be prakAranI racanAo jovA maLe che. keTalAka lekhakoe bIjA mahAkavionI jema proDha saMskRtinI prayoga cAlu rAkhyo, jyAre bIjA prakAranA lekhakee prAkRta-prabhAvita navIna saMskRtine janma Apyo. De haTalA jena lekabhASAmaya saMskRti' nAmathI oLakhAve che tevo saMskRta bhASAne viziSTa prakAra jainAcAryo lagabhaga AThamI zatAbdIthI kheDatA AvatA hatA. e jaina saMskRtane A samayamAM vizeSa lokabhASAmaya banAvavA jaina graMthakAree prayatna karyo. navA zabdo tema dhAturUpo banAvI racanAomAM dezI ravarUpe taratAM mUkI bhASAkIya bhaMDArane vadhu samRddha banAvyo. vi saM. 1681(I.sa. 1524) mAM sAdhu sudaragaNie racelA "uktinAkaramAM tasama ke navA zabda jovA maLe che, jemake acq-bApa, vADhiI-dADhI, duH-hADa ghoTa-ghaDavuM, mo-madhU-mora, mA-jhagaDau, ra-rAba, sAra-jhADa, jiwAM -hAMDI, vataka -paDaghau, vaLA-vAnI, chinna- uchInau,, vardhamAna-vadhAmaNau, veSTimA-DhimI, vAtra-khAtara vagere.

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2900 (pra. sallatanata phAla dhAtu jevA ke jorita-Arita, ghoyati-dhorai, vRlita-pukhiya, vAkayacanA; jemake-atarAjhe titaH--vacce paDayo, caureLa svArtha titama-ceAre khAtara pADayuM. AvA badhA zabda dhAtuo ke vAkayo lAkSaNika vyAkaraNa ke kezamAMthI na meLavI zakAya, paNa kathAsadathI ja ene a sahaja rIte pakaDI zakAya. phArasI ane arakhI muslima zAsananA A goLAmAM sthAnika bhASA sAthe datarIke darabArI bhASA tarIke phArasIne upayAga thatA hatA. e daramyAna sarakArI kramAnA e bhASAmAM nIkaLatAM, sarakArI patravyavahAra e bhASAmAM thatA ane adAlatamAM e bhASA vaparAtI. muslime!nI majahabanI bhASA arabI ane emanuM majahabI pustaka pAka kurAna arakhImAM hAvAthI emAMnA pADe arabImAM bhaNAtA ane emanI sAmAjika ane dhArmika vidhie arakhImAM thatI. rAjyanAM nizAnA sanada akhabArAta parItA aAzta ane lazkare mAM temaja anya khAtAMmAM sAMskRtika zabdo arabI ke phArasInA hatA. e uparAMta tAmrapatro zilAlekhA ane sikkA uparanuM lakhANa arabI ke phArasImAM thatuM hatuM. e rIte phrArasInuM prabhutva thatAM kArasI zabdo vyavahAra bhASAmAM thavA lAgyA. saMskRtamAM paNa evA zabda jevA te tevA apanAvI levAyA, e mATe saMskRta paryAyeAnA keza paNa taiyAra thavA lAgyA; jemake rAjyAdhikArIe -vakIla, mutalika(pratinidhi), vajIra (amAtya, maMtrI sacitra), basI (senApati senAnI), mIrasAmAna, khAnasAmAna (zAlApati), adAlatakA dArAgA (nyAyAdhyakSa), amIna (vyAvasAyika), kAjI (dharmAdhyakSa) vagere. dezavibhAga-sUbA (janapada), sirakAra (maMDala), mauje (pragaNa, pragaNA), lau (nagara), baMdara (droNa), caudharI (bhaumika) vagere. apabhraMza ane madhyakAlIna gujarAtI gujarAtamAM saltanata kAla avyA te pahelAM kAravADa mALavA mevADa nimADa Adi pradezamAM dhasAyelA svarUpamAM je apabhraMza bhASA kheAlAtI hatI te ekasarakhI sarvAMgamya hatI, paNa A kAlamAM gujarAta aTUlA paDavA lAgatAM e pradeze sAthe enA saMparko chUTatA cAhyA ane apabhraMza bhASAnA te te dezanAM alaga alaga rUpAMtara zarU thayAM. gujarAtamAM bhASAe gujarAtI dezI rUpAMtara levA mADayuM. A samayanI keTalIka racanAe uparathI e AraMbhanI bhASAnuM svarUpa jANavA maLaze.

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11 muM]. bhASA ane sAhitya 2i99 vi.saM. 1358(I. sa. 1301-1302)mAM lakhAyelA sarvatIrtha namakAramAM prayojelA zabdomAMthI apabhraMza lAkSaNika kAra ane tatsama zabdone alaga karIe te madhyakAlIna gujarAtInuM svarUpa pAmI zakAya. vi.saM. 1369(I.sa. 1312-13)mAM lakhAyelI "aticAra'nI vi.saM. 1340mAM (I.sa. 1283-84) lakhAyelI je eka nakala maLe che te apabhraMzanA lAkSaNika sakArane sAcavI rAkhI tatsama svarUpe lakhe che, jemake vyaMjanakUku. arthaphUDa tadubhakUDa. vi. saM. 1410mAM zAlibhadrasUrie nAMdodamAM rahIne racelI "paMcapAMDavacaritarAsa" nAmaka kRti dvArA kavitA kAvyabaMdha ane bhASA e traNe dRSTie uttama zailIno paricaya maLe che. A kAvyamAMthI AraMbhanI gujarAtInuM svarUpa spaSTa jANavA maLe che, jemake-nI nau UdharyA punima nImI. vi.saM1450 mAM kulamaMDanasUrie celo "mugdhAvadha auktikamAMthI vyAkaraNanI dRSTie gujarAtInuM svarUpa' spaSTa rIte jANavA maLe che. AmAMthI arvAcIna gujarAtInA o ne pUrvavatI sa + 3 ke 4 lekhanamAM vaparAya che, jemake nIpAyu(nIpAyo) chAyu(chAyA) alaMkarIu(alaMka) ThAkaranau (ThAkora) vagere prayogo dvArA lakhAtI AraMbhika gujarAtInI sImA nizcita thAya che. vi.saM. 1862 (I.sa. 1405-1406) sudhI vidyamAna kavi jayazekharasUri 432 kaDIonuM 'tribhuvanadIpaka prabaMdha' nAmaka rUpaka-kAvya Ape che ane kAvyabaMdhamAM akSarameLa chaMdane paNa upayoga karI potAnI maulika rItivALI kavitA kalAnI pratIti karAve che. A kAvya bhASA ane rItinI daSTie uttama gaNAya che. vi.saM. 1478(I.sa. 14rara-1422) pahelAM aMcalagacchIya jayazekharasUrinA vidvAna ziSya mANikathasuMdarasUri gujarAtImAM gadya-kAda barInA namUnArUpe pRthvIcaMdracarita' (apanAma "vAgvilAsa) kRti dhare che, zabda- arthanA ala kArothI alaMkRta rItikAvya jevI zailImAM racanA kare che. A kavi bhUgoLa samAjazAstra, ane vidyAo vagere viSayanA pitAnA jJAnano upayoga kAvyamAM sAhajika rIte kare che. AmAM paNa "mugdhAvabodha-oktika jevuM likhita svarUpa jANavA maLe che. AbhanI gujarAtImAM bhASAsvarUpa upara prayojAyela AraMbhanI 'gujarAtI' saMjJAthI uttara garjara apabhraMza samajavAno che. bezaka, A apabhraMza mAtra gujarAta-saurASTra-kacchano ja nathI, emAM AjanA rAjasthAna uparAMta mALavA ane nimADa(madhyapradezane eka vibhAga)ne

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300] sahatanata kAla paNa samAveza thaI jAya che. 1 jaina sAhityakAroe e AraMbhika gujarAtImAM racanA karI che, temAM gujarAtI bhASAnAM bI nakhAI cUkyAM hatAM. jema jema A bAju AvIe chIe tema tema te te prAMtanI pratIyatA vikasatI Ave che ane I sa. 1400 AsapAsa bhASA ke vizALa bolInA prAMtIya vibheda sthira thatA anubhavAya che. ajJAtakartAka 'vasaMtavilAsaphAgu'mAM mAravADI aMzane paNa anubhava thAya che, paraMtu siddhapuranA asAIta nAyaka (racanA : haMsAuli: I . 1361)nI 'haMsAuline (saM. 1576-I.sa. 1pa20nI) pratamAMnI vAsanAmAM evuM tattva sulabha natha ; bezaka, prata moDAnI hoI asalanA saMskAra keI hoya te naTa paNa thaI gayA hoya kulamaMDanagati nA "mugdhAvabodha-auktika" nAmaka saM. vyAkaraNamAM mAdhyama tarIke je svarUpa apAyuM che temAM AvuM koI tava sulabha nathI. e vyAkaraNanI racanA saM. 1850(I. sa. 1394)nI che, tethI ja kharekhara jene "jana gujarAtI" ke "purANI gujarAtI kahI zakAya tevI bhASA-bhUmikA kulamaMDananA samayamAM sthira thatI anubhavAya che. "rAsayuga" narasiMha mahetAnA vRddhamAnya samaya(I.sa. 15 mI sadInI vaccenI be pacIsI)mAM osarato e rIte anubhavAya che ke narasiMha vIrasiMha kamANa mAM DaNa janArdana bhIma mIrAM ane bhAlaNa jevAM bhaktinAM ane paurANika sAhityanA jANakAro ane tatkAlIna bhASAbhUmikAmAM thanA karanArA UpasI Ave che. narasiMha paTelAM haMsAulikAra asAIta (I.sa. 13 1) ane sadayavasavIracaritakAra bhIma (I.sa. 1410) re laukika kathAo sAdara kare che teomAM jene sAhityakAra laukika padyavArtAonuM anusaraNa spaSTa rIte jovA maLe che, jyAre narasiMhathI zarU thatA sAhityakAromAM e maLatuM nathI. gujarAtI mATene ja kaho zakAya tevo no sAhityayuga" narasiMha mahetAne hAthe vikase che. gujarAtI sAhityane Agavo ItihAsa paNa ahIMthI vikAsanAM pagathiyAM upara caDavA lAge che. kulamaMDanagaNinA "mugdhAvadha-oNktikamAM mAdhyamarUpe rajU thayelI bhASAbhUmikAnuM keI nAma likhata svarUpamAM jovAmAM nathI AvyuM, paraMtu bhAlaNe to nAma pADIne potAnI racanAomAM "gujara bhAkhA' kahI che. ahIM e noMdhavuM joIe ke "uttarakAlIna apabhraMza' (Post-Apabhramsa) evI saMjJAne nirdeza karanArA narasiMharAva bho. diveTiyAe bhAlaNanI racanAomAM A saMjJA maLatAM ene "gaurjara apabhraMza kahe. paNa have e nizcita thaI cUkyuM che ke gujara bhAkhA'nI pahelAMnI bhUmikA te "uttara gaujara apabhraMza." haribhadrasUrinA neminAthacariu'-saM. 1216 : Isa. 1160-nI bhASAbhUmikA te pUrvakAlIna gaurjara apabhraMza'. De. yAbie ene garjara apabhraMza' kahela che. "De. vanarano

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11 su'] bhASA ane sAhitya [201 mate zvetAMbara jaineAe haribhadrasUrivALI bhASAlAkSaNikatAneA samAdara karyA hatA. ene vikAsa ApaNe zAlibhadrasUrinA * bharatezvara-1AhubalirAsa '(sa', 1221I.sa. 1185) thI zarU thatI racanAomAM anubhavIe chIe.e ravarUpa te uttara gaurjara apabhraMza'tu ' Ama narasiMha mahetAnA udaya sAthe taLa gujarAta-saurASTra-kacchanuM lAkSaNika bhASA-svarUpa bhAlaNanI 'gujara bhAkhA'ta ciratA karatu sAhajika rIte jovA maLe che. A samaya nI bhASA -bhUmikAnuM Do. tastitArie ' jUnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI' (Old Western Rajasthani) nAma ApyuM che. Ane anulakSIne DaoN, umAza kara bezIe 'mAru-gujara' nAmanI himAyata karI che,9 Do. tsitArine enI jUnI pazcimI rAjasthAnInI noMdha" mATe je kRti maLelI teemAM 19 gujarAtI lAkSaNikatAvALI hatI 10 ane 5 mAravADI lAkSaNikatAvALI hatI. emaNe bheda batAvIne paNa e beute eka gaNI ukta saMjJA ApI. DaoN. umAzaMkara jozIe e kAraNe mAru-gurjara' sattA sUcavI, paNa hakIkate DaoN. tessistArine maLelI gujarAtano lAkSaNikatAvALI 19 kRtimAM zuddha gujarAtI aMzanI pradhAnatAvALI hatI, arthAt ke prAMtIya bheda alaga paDI ja gayelA hatA, tatha! 'mAru-gura' nAma ApavuM hoya te pelA 'uttara gau ra apabhraMza' te ja ApI zakAya. jyAre DaoN. terisaaArino 'jUnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI' gujarAtane mATe te| bhAlaNavALI *gujara bhAkhA' che. 'uttara gaujara apabhraMza' e hakIkate 'AraMbhika gujarAtI' 'Ara'bhika-mAravADI mevADI' 'Ara bhika krU DhALI (jepurI)' 'AraMbhika mevAtI' AraMbhika hADAnI' AraMbhika mALavI' ane 'Ar'bhika nimADI' ja che. e chUTI paDatAM Do. tAresa parinI jUnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI' svata: 'madhyakAlIna gujarAtI' ane 'madhyakAlIna mAravADI' e e vibhAgamAM TAI jAya che. jaipuranI DhALInI madhyakAlIna bhUmikAvALI paNa saMkhyAbaMdha racanAe jANavAmAM AvI ja che, je te te prAMtamAM tyAM tyAMnuM vikasatuM jatuM rU5 hAvAnuM samarthana kare che. I.sa. 1304 mAM hujI 'rAsayuga' prAdhAnya bhogave che, je upara sUcavyA pramANe I.sa.nI 14 mI-15 mI sadInA saMdhikAlamAM gujarAtI prAMtIyatAmAM AgaLa vadhI narasiddha mahetAnA svataMtra sAhityaprakAranA khIlavA sAthe gauNatA dhAraNa kare che. A navA yuganA sUtradhArA tarIke narasi Mha mIrAM ane bhAlaNuM UpasI Ave che. e traNetre bhaktisAhityanA vikAsa sAdhI ApyA che, jemAMnA bhAlaNa bha tasAhitya uparAMta vyavasthita AkhyAna-prakAranAM prabaLa khIja vAvI Ape che, 11

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302] satanata kAla [. varasaMga kameNa mAMDaNa janArdana bhIma-A sAhityakAro paurANika AkhyAnanA prakAranI racanAo jarUra Ape che, paNa e prakAranI daSTie hajI kSamatA ApI zakatA nathI; e yaza bhAlaNa laI jAya che. A kAraNe tema narasiMhamIrA-bhAlaNanI vizALa bhaktikavitAne kAraNe yuga tarIke "bhaktiyuga' UpasI Ave che. "AkhyAnayuganA anusaMdhAnamAM pharI vyApaka rIte bIjo bhaktiyuga vikasate jovA maLyo hAI baMne bhaktiyugane alaga batAvavA pUrvane te Adibhaktiyuga" ane pachI te 'uttara-bhaktiyuga" evI saMjJAo caritArtha banI rahe che. sAhitya A samayamAM gujarAtamAM bauddho hatA nahi. brAhmaNoe graMtha racyA hoya te eno moTo bhAga hAla upalabdha nathI. para prAMtamAMthI AvelA paM. gaMgAdhare cAMpAneramAM rahI gaMgAdAsapratApavilAsa" ane jUnAgaDhamAM rahIne maMDalIka mahAkAvya'nI racanA karI che. e ja rIte kavi udayarAja paNa amadAvAdamAM AvIne "rAjavinodamahAkAvyanI racanA kare che. thaDAka gujara vidvAnonA graMtha racAyelA maLe che kharA, paNa e prAcIna graMthonI keTinA nathI. pATaNa pAlanapura AzAvala bharUca khaMbhAta dhoLakA vaDhavANa jUnAgaDha e jainanAM saMskAra-keMdra hatAM. e sthaLamAM vidhAyaka ane sarjanAtmaka pravRttio zarU thaI. khAsa karIne jaina munio dUra dUranA vihAra sthagita karI potAnA upAzrAmAM rahIne maMdire sAhitya ane lekenA naitika dharaNanI jALavaNI mATe satata kAryazIla banyA hoya ema jaNAya che, pariNAme pramANamAM vadhu maMdira baMdhAyAM ane graMtharacanAo thaI. sAhitya ane bhASA para jUnA prakAronI sAthe ja navA prakAra ghaDAyA ane khIlavA lAgyA. A samayamAM kAgaLane vaparAza zarU thayelo hovAthI prAcIna graMthanA tADapatrIya AdarzonI seMkaDo nakale tADapatranI sAthosAtha kAgaLa upara paNa lakhAvA lAgI. A. jinabhadrasUri, A. jayAnaMdasUri, A. devasuMdarasUri, A. somasuMdarasuri ane emanAM ziSyaratnae jainabhaMDAromAM graMtha khIcokhIca bharavA mAMDyA. jenenAM keMdrasthaLomAM navA graMthabhaMDAra sthapAyA. ekalA jinabhadrasUrie cha sthaLo -jesalamera valera devagiri ahiputra zrI pattana ane pittana-mAM jaina jJAnabhaMDAranI sthApanA karyAnA ullekha maLe che. bIjI tarapha saMghanA agraNI zreSThIoe rAjyAdhikArIo sAthe saMbaMdha bAMdhavAnA prayatna zarU karyA. pAlanapuranA zreSThI desalanA putro sahajasiMha sahasA

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11 muM 1 bhASA ane sAhitya [ 303 ane samarasiMha samartha puruSa hatA. teo pATaNa AvI vasyA. emaNe alpakhAnane mitra banAvyuM. traNe bhAI rAjayAdhikArI banyA. samarasiMha alpakhAnane salAhakAra hato te tilaga dezano sUbo banyo. e zreSThIe eka prasaMge zatruMjaya tIrtha upara khaMDita thayelAM mULa maMdira ane mUrtine punaruddhAra karavA alapakhAnane vinaMtI karI tyAre alpakhAne e tIrthanA uddhAra mATe pharamAna lakhI ApyuM. prAcIna saMskRtinA saMrakSaNa ane utthAna mATe jainAcAryoe prabaMdhagraMtha racyA, jemAM aitihAsika ke ardhaaitihAsika kahI zakIe tevI anubhUtio mane raMjaka zailI mAM mUkI. solaMkI kAlanI praNAlIne pachInA AcAryoe prabaMdho ane aitihAsika caritAnI racanA dvArA vikAsa karyo. asta thatI prAcIna saMskRtinI ghaTanAe, je potAnI smRtimAM ke lekame ke vRddhaparaMparAmAM rahI hatI teone jyAMtyAMthI ekatra karI prabaMdharUpe lipibaddha karavAnuM bhagIratha kArya jainAcAryoe karyuM. AmAM bhUtakAlIna ghaTanAo sAthe potAnA samayanA prasaMgene paNa emaNe racavAmAM sthAna ApyuM, pariNAme merUtuMge "prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi', rAjazekhare 'praba dhakAza', kasUrie 'nAbhinaMdanajiddhAra prabaMdha', zubhazIlagaNie "pa cazatIprabaMdha', jinaprabhe vividhatIrthakalpa', vivekadhIragaNie zatruMjayatIrthoddhAraprabaMdha' vagere ane aitihAsika caritakAmAM jinaharSagaNie "vastupAla mahAkAvya, pratiSThAme somasobhAgyakAvya', devavimalagaNie "hIrasaubhAgyamahAkAvya' sarvAnaMdasarie jagaDucaritakAvya' Adi svataMtra graMtha nirmANa karyA ane A padezika graMthomAM temaja TIkAgraMthamAM avAMtararUpe keTalAye chUTaka prabaMdha racAyA. AmAM vipula aitihAsika tathA sAMskRtika mAhitI upalabdha che. jainAcAryoe graMthonA AdarzonI nakala karanAra lekhaka-lahiyAone ane citrakArano varga UbhuM karI e mane rojana ApyuM ane naLe karAvanAra dAnavIra zreSThIonI te te pratane aMte prazastio racI jJAnabhaktino mahimA vadhAryo. zrAvaka chatrIsa Avazyaka kartavyamAM pustaka-lekhanane paNa sthAna ApyuM. zilAlekha jevI ne jeTalI vivasta kahI zakAya tevI seMkaDe prazasti Aje upalabdha thAya che. e ja rIte "vijJapti patronA prakArane vadhu vikasAvyuM, jemAMthI bhaugolika ane sAmAjika hakIkato prApta thAya che. vaLI gujarAtI bhASA dvArA saMskRta bhASAnA adhyayana mATe keTalAMye 'ktiko'nI racanA karI, je mukhyataH jainAcAryonAM racelAM upalabdha che.

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304 salatanata kAla [ pra. e ja rIte pracalita lokabhASAmAM gadyamAM mULanA arthane samajAvatuM vivaraNa karavAmAM Ave che tevo bAlAvabodha" ane "vArtikano prakAra paNa A samayanI sUjha che. jUnI gujarAtI bhASAnuM vipula rAsAda sAhitya mukhyataH jainAcAryoe raceluM maLe che, jemAM lekajIvananA samasta pradeza upara pharI vaLe tevI hakIkata gUMthAyelI ane saMgRhIta prApta thAya che. saMsakRta-gujarAtI sAhitya merUtuMgari (I.sa. 1305)-nAgaeNdragathvIya caMdraprabhasUrinA ziSya merUtuMgasUrie pAMca khaMDAtmaka prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi nAmano graMtha vaDhavANamAM rahIne saM. 1361(I.sa. 1305)mAM sa kRta bhASAmAM racyo che. gujarAtanA itihAsa mATe A graMthanuM advitIya mUlyAMkana che. vi.saM. 802 (I.sa. 745-746)mAM aNahilavADa pATaNanA sthApanA mAnIne e sAlathI laIne maMtrIzvara vastupAle zatruMjayatIrthane saM. 1277(I.sa. 1220-1221) mAM karelI yAtrA sudhInA banAvonI sAlo A graMthamAM ApavAmAM AvI che. AmAM vacce vacce lokaraMjanAthe IkSasa jevI lekavArtAo paNa ApavAmAM AvI che. merUtuMge mahApuruSacarita' (upadezazatI) ke "dharmopadezazataka racyuM che temAM RSabhadeva zAMtinAtha neminAtha parvanAtha ane mahAvIra svAmI e jaina tIrthakaronA pUrvabhavo sAthenAM carita temaja bIjA paNa carita saMkalita che. maheMdraprabhasUri (I.sa. 1307)-e vaDagAmanA zreSThI AsunA putra ane aMcalagacchIya siMhatilakasUrinA ziSya hatA. emaNe 45 kAtmaka jIrAvalA pArzvanAthastotra rahyuM che. jinaprabhasUri (I.sa. 1309)-laghukharataragacchanA saMsthApaka jinasiMhasUrinA ziSya jinaprabhasUri mahAprabhAvaka ane aneka graMthenA kartA tarIke prasiddha che. dilhImAM muhammadazAha tugalake saM. 1385 mAM A AcAryano samAgama karyo hato ne emanA kahevAthI vetAMbara jainadarzananA badhA upadranA nivAraNa mATe pharamAna patra lakhI ApyuM hatuM. vaLI zatruMjaya giranAra vagere tIrthonA rakSaNa mATe paNa pharamAna patra lakhI ApyAM hatAM. emaNe saMskRta-prAkRta-apabhraMza bhASAmAM aneka graMtha racyA che12

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11 mu] bhASA ane sAhitya (305 kamalaprabhamuni (I.sa. 1316)-pUrNimAga7nA ratnaprabhasUrinA ziSya kamalaprabhamunie saM. 1372(I.sa. 1316)mAM "puMDarIritra' racyuM che. sarvAnaMdasUri (I.sa. 1319 lagabhaga -dhanaprabhasUrinA ziSya sarvAnaMdasUrie jagaDucarita" kAvyanI racanA saM. 1375 (I.sa. 1319) lagabhagamAM karI che. graMthakAra jagaDuzAhane samakAlIna hovAthI emAM pratyakSa prasaMgenuM khAna ApeluM che. sudhAkalaza (I.sa. 1324)-rAjazekharasUrinA ziSya sudhAkalamunie saM. 140 6 (I.sa. 1350) mAM "saMgIte paniSatyAre ThAra nI racanA karI che. e graMtha pote saM. 1380 (Isa. 1924) mAM racelA 'saMgIte paniSada'nA sArarUpa che. A graMtha hajI maLI Avyo nathI, paraMtu "saMgItapaniSasAroddhAra' pragaTa thayo che. A kRti "saMgItamakaraMda' ane saMgIta-pArijAtathI paNa viziSTatara 13 ane adhika mahatvanI che. vaLI emaNe "ekAkSaranAmamAlA" graMtha paNa racyo che. jinapadmasUri (I.sa. 1326)-jinapadrasUri janma paMjAbanA hatA. emaNe "manto mAvaH rUdratA:"thI zarU thatuM navIna kAvya racIne zrAvakone upadeza Apyo hato ane saMghe emane "bAladhavalakUrcAlasarasvatI" evuM biruda arpaNa karyuM hatuM. uttara-apabhraMza bhASAmAM sirithUlibhadra phAgu'nAmaka kAvya sivAya emanI bIjI AbhASAnI kRtio maLI nathI. phAgu kAvyomAM A kRti jUnAmAM jUnI che. be kumArapAlacaritakAre (I.sa. 13ra8 ane I.sa. 1408) baMne kumArapAlanA caritakartAonAM nAma maLatAM nathI : (1) prathama kumArapAlacaritanI saM. 1385(I.sa. 1329)nI hastaprata maLe che. AmAM kumArapAlanA jIvana vize TUMkI chatAM vyavasthita hakIkate AlekhI che. (2) bIjI racanA "kumArapAlaprabodhaprabaMdha " hastaprata saM. 1464-(I.sa. 1408)nI maLe che. A kRtimAM cAvaDAvaMzanuM varNana che ane jIva Adi tatvonuM svarUpa AlekhyuM che. samitilakasUri (I.sa. 1333)-rupalIyaganA saMghatilakasUrinA ziSya saMmatilakasUri(apara nAma vidyAtilakasUri)e saM. 1389 (I.sa. 1332-33) mAM "vIraka" ane "padarzanasUtraTIkA', saM. 1392(I.sa. 1335 I-5-20

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306] satanata kAla 36)mAM jazakIrtie racelI " padezamAlA" para "zIlataraMgiNI' nAmanI vRtti ane laghupaDita-kRta 'tripurAbhAratIstava" upara TIkA racI che. emane kumArapAladevacarita' nAmaka graMtha apUrNa sthitimAM maLe che. dharmaprabhasUri (I.sa. 1333)-emaNe saM. 1389(I.sa. 1332-33)mAM kAlakAcAryakathA' racI che.14 vaLI jyotiSa viSayano zailezvaprakAza' nAmane graMtha race che. "cUDAmaNisAradhAra' graMtha mujaba "ardhakAMDa'nI paNa racanA karI che. emanA ziSya ratnaprabha saM. 1392(I.sa. 1335-36)mAM apabhraMzamAM "aMtaraMgasiMdhi' nAmaka kAvya racyuM che. 15 ratnadevagaNi (I.sa. 1337)-ranadevagaNie bRhagacchIya dharmacaMdranI vinaMtIthI tAMbarAcArya jayavalabhamunie racelA prAkRta subhASita graMtha vajAlaya" upara . 193(I.sa. 1336-37)mAM TIkA racI che. kakasUri (Isa 1337)-siddhasenanA ziSya AcArya kakka sUrie saM. 1393 (I.sa. 1336-37)mAM kAMjarakeTapuramAM rahIne "nAbhinaMdanajina ddhAraprabaMdha' nAmaka graMtha racyo che. AmAM alAuddIna khalajInI keje gujarAta vagere pradezo upara caDAI karIne je je rAjaya dhvasta karyA teonI neMdha che tathA gujarAtanA sUbA tarIke AvanAra alpakhAnane vRttAMta che. A alpakhAna sAthe samarasiMha zreSThIne maitrIsaMbaMdha hato. A kAraNe samarasiMhe zatru jaya upara thayelI bhAMgapheDane samarAvI levAnuM pharamAna meLavyuM hatuM eno viratRta vRttAMta che. jyAnaMdasUri (I.sa. 1344 lagabhaga) -tapAgacchanA so matilakasUrinA ziSya jayAnaMdasUrie kSetraprakAzarAsa' AraMbhanI gujarAtImAM racyo che, paNa e upalabdha thayuM nathI. emaNe saMskRtamAM "sAdhAraNajinastotra' rahyuM che te kulamaMDana rie potAnA mugdhAvadhaauktikamAM udAharaNarUpe lIdhuM che. merataMgasUri (I.sa. 1344 lagabhaga)- prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi' graMthanA kartAthI bhinna evA eka bIjA merUtuMgasUrie sthavirAvalI' (vicArazreNI) 17 nAmanI eka aitihAsika jaina kAlakramasucaka kRti racI che. AmAM jainAcAryonI paTTaparaMparAne kAlakrama batAvavAmAM Avyo che. enA aMtabhAgamAM gujarAtanA rAjAo-cAvaDA caulukya ane vAghelAo nI yAdI ApI emanA rAjavakAlanI sAlavArI ApI che. AmAM kAlaka cAya haribhadrasUri ane jinabhadra kSamAzramaNanAM vRttAMta paNa che.

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11 muM) bhASA ane sAhitya hi07 saM. 1409(I.sa. 1352-53)mAM "kAmadevacarita' ane saM. 1413(I.sa. 1355-56)mAM "saMbhavanAthacarita" nAme kAvyagraMtha racA-maLyA che te racanAo A metu vasUrinI hoya evI saMbhAvanA che. merUtuMgasUri ( Isa. 1347 thI 1415)-trIjA merUtuMgasUri aMcalagachIya mahedrasUrinA paTTadhara thayA hatA. emanA jIvanakALamAM emaNe aneka saMrakRtaprAkRta graMtha nirmANa karyA che. rAjazekharasUri (Isa 1349)-mAladhArIgacchanA tilakasUrinA ziSya rAjazekharasUrie "padanasamuccaya race che, temAM jaina sAMkhya jaiminIya ga vaizeSika ane bauddha ema cha darzananuM saMkSepamAM varNana che. vaLI syAdvAdakalikA" (svAdAdadIpikA) 41 padyamAM, "ratnAkarAvatArikApaMjikA', ane kapilamunie racelAM vaizivaka sUtre upara je prazasta-karadevanuM bhASya che tenA upara bIjI traNa TIkA 18 hevA chatAM zrIdharAcArye racela "nyAyakaMdalI" para "paMjikA' nAme vRtti racI che. emaNe A badhA dArzanika graMthe uparAMta "saMdhamahesavaprakaraNa ane "dAnapatrizikA racAM che. kathArasika janatAnA manoraMjana mATe 84 kathA gadya saMskRtamAM racI che, je "caturazIti-dhamakathA" "kautukakathA" agara "vinodakathA' nAmathI paNa oLakhAya che. emaNe mugdhAvabodha mATe "prabaMdhakoza' (catuviMzatiprabaMdha) nAmaka graMthanI saM. 1405 sa. 1348-49)mAM racanA karI che. A graMthamAM mahattvanA 24 aitihAsika prabaMdha che. jJAnasAgarasUri (I.sa. 1349thI 1404)-tapAgacchIya deveMdrasUrinA ziSya jJAnasAgarasUrie saM. 1440 (I. sa. 1783-84)mAM "AvazyakasUtraacUrNi, saM 1441(I.sa. 1304-85)mAM "uttarAdhyayanasUtra-avacUrNi ane e ghaniryukti-avacUrNi' racyAM che. keTalAMka stotra paNa emanAM maLyAM che. kulamaMDanasUri (I.sa. 1353 thI 1999)-tapAgacchIya deveMdrasUrinA ziSya kulamaMDanasUrie "mugdhAvabodha auktika nI racanA saM. 1450(I.sa. 1094)mAM karI che. emAM e samaye AraMbhika gujarAtI bhASA dvArA saMskRta bhASAnuM zikSaNa ApavAno prayAsa karavAmAM AvyuM che.

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saltanata kAla gi. saMskRta bhASA belavAnI rItanA niyama A vyAkaraNamAM ApelA che. kartA karma ane prayoganI uktionuM AmAM mukhyataH vivecana karavAmAM AvyuM che. AmAM vibhaktivicAra kudatavicAra uktibheda ane zabdone saMgraha che. 19 emanI Agamika vidvattAne khyAla emanA siddhAMtAlApoddhAra ane saM. 144 (Isa 1386-87)mAM racelA "vacArAmRtasaMgraha', paryapaNuMka9pa-avacUrNi, pratikramaNa sUtra-avacUNi", "prajJApanA tRtIya padaM saMgrahaNI', kAyasthitistotra vagerethI Ave che. saM. 1440 (I.sa. 1784) AsapAsamAM devasuMdarasUrinA koI ziSya racelI AraMbhika gujarAtInI "kAkabaMdha pAI (dharma kakaka) maLe che te saMbhavataH A kulamaMDanasUrinI racanA hevAne saMbhava che. emaNe racelAM stotra-aSTAdazacakravibhUSita vIraratava, paMcajinahArabaMdhastava vageremAM emanI kavitvazaktinAM darzana thAya che. | munibhadrasUri (I.sa. 1354)-bRhadgacchanA guNabhadranA vidvAna ziSya munibhasUrie 19 sargamAM 6ra72 kAtmaka "zAMtinAthacaritra' saM. 1410(I.sa. 1354)mAM lagabhaga racyuM che. ene 12 mo sarga yamakAlaMkArathI vibhUSita che. zailI prAsAdika ane manahara che. munibhadrasUrinuM perojarAjA(phIrojhazAha tugalaka)nI sabhAmAM bahumAna hatuM. taruNaprabhasUri (I.sa. 1355)-kharataragacchIya jinacaMdrasUri(3 jA)nA ziSya taruprabhasUrie pAtazAha piroja (pharojhazAhanA rAjyamAM aNahilapattanamAM Thakakara balirAjanI vinaMtIthI saM. 1411(I.sa. 1355)mAM dIpetsavInA divase paDAvazyaka sUtra paranI vRttio para bAlAvabedha' racya che. e ja rIte yogazAstra vagere graMthe upara racelA emanA ekAdhika bAlAvabodha che. bhAva devasUri (I.sa. 1356)-khaMDilagacchIya kAlakAcAryasaMtAnIya jinadevasUrinA ziSya bhAva devasUrie saM. 1412(I.sa. 1355-56)mAM "pArzvanAtha carita' pATaNamAM rahIne racyuM che, ATha adhyAyAtmaka "alaMkArasAra" nAmane alaMkAraviSayaka graMtha racyo che, vaLI prAkRtamAM "IdiNacariyA' ane 'kAlakahA nAmanA graMtha paNa racyA che. jayasiMhasUri (I sa. 136 6)-kRSNarSigachIya mahedrasUrinA ziSya jayasiMhasUrie saM. 14rara(Isa. 1365-66)mAM dazasargAtmaka kumArapAlacarita' nAmaka graMtha 6063 saM. padyomAM racyA che. A caritane prathama Adarza emanA praziSya dArzanika ane kavi muni nayacaMdra lakhyo hato. nayacaMdrasUrie racelA

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11 muM]. bhASA ane sAhitya [309 "hammaramahAkAvyanA ulekha* mujaba jayasiMdasUrie "nUtana vyAkaraNa' ane bhAsa racelA "nyAyasAra' nAmaka jainetara dArzanika pra tha upara "nyAyanAsya. dIpikA" nAmaka vRttinI racanA karI che. emaNe e paNa noMdhyuM che ke amIrarAjanA paMDita sAraMgane emaNe vAdamAM parAjita karyo hato. 21 A paMDite ja saMbhavataH "zAdhara-paddhati nAthane graMtha paNa racyo che. maheMdrasUri (I.sa. 1771)-madanasUrinA ziSya mahedrasUrie yaMtra rAjArAma" nAmaka pAMca adhyayana paMcAgaviSayaka jayotiSane upayogI graMtha saM. 14ra7 (I.sa. 1772-71)mAM lagabhaga ra che. enA upara emanA vidvAna ziSya malayacaMdrasUrie TIkA racI che 22 malayacaMdrasUri (I.sa. 1771)-mahedrasUrinA ziSya malayacaMdrasUrie "yaMtrarAjagama" para sugama TIkA saM. 1827( I.sa. 1370-71)mAM racI che. emAM pUnama amAsa ane nakSatranuM spaSTa gaNita ApyuM che. saM. 1427 thI 1494 sudhInAM nakSatronAM kASThaka paNa AlekhyAM che. AmAM 75 nagaronA akSAMza ApyA che. vedhe payogI 32 tArAonAM sAdhana ane bhogazara paNa ApavAmAM AvyAM che. mULa graMthanAM yaMtrone udAharaNa pUrvaka samajAvyAM che. ratnazekharasUri (I.sa.1372)-tapAgacchanI nAgapurI zAkhAnA helikasUrinA ziSya ratnazekharasUrie saM. 1428 (I.sa 1971-72)mAM prAkRtamAM siri. vAlakahA' racI che. emaNe "chaMdaSkAzanAmaka chaMdaviSayaka graMtha paNa racyo che. prApta IdemAMthI keTalAye chaMdonAM lakSaNa lakSya-lakSaNayukta ane gaNamAtrAdipUrvaka ApavAmAM AvyAM che. 23 saM. 1447(I.sa. 1390-91)mAM "guNIna-kramAroha" vRtti sahita, guruguruSatrizata-patriMzikA", "saMbodhasittarI, siddhacakramaMtroddhAra" ane malayagiri-TIkAnA AdhAre racela "laghukSetrasamasa' svapajJa vyAkhyA sahita racyAM che. - jinadayasUri (I.sa. 1375)-kharataragacchIya jinadayasUri e pANathI 1100 zlekapramANa mahAvijJaptipatra ayodhyama 1 mAsa nivAsAthe rahelA pitAnA guru kahitasUri upara gadya-padyAtmaka zailImAM saM. 1431(I.sa. 1375)mAM lakhe che. A vijJaptipatranI zabdachaTAtmaka gadyaracane bANa daMDI ane dhanapAla jevA utkRSTa koTinA kavionI racanA jevI che. AmAM aNahilapura patana ayodhyA vagerenuM suMdara varNana che. jayazekharasuri (I.sa. 1380)-aMcalagacchIya mahedrasUrinA ziSya jayazekharasUrie saM. 1436 mAM svapajJavRttiyuta "upadezaci tAmaNi, saM.

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320] saltanata kAla 1462 mAM khaMbhAtamAM rUpakAtmaka kRtirUpe sAta adhikAramAM "prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi, "dhammilakumAracaritra', 'jainakumArasaMbhava" nAmaka ucca koTinA graMtho racyA che. 24 e uparAMta zatruMjaya-giranAra-mahAvIra-ThAtri zikAtrayI', "AtmAo dhakulaka" ane bIjA prAkRta bhASAmAM 12 kulake, "dharmasarvasva", "upadezamAlAvacUri', puSpamAlAavasUri', navatattvagAthA 17, ajitazAMtistava oka 17, "sa bedhasaptatikA, saM. 1857mAM "samyaphava kaumudI zloka 995, "nala-damayaMtI caMpUra, kalpasUtra upara "sukhAvaberdhAvavaraNa" ane "nyAyamaMjarI vagere graMtha racyA che. emaNe bhASAmAM tribhuvanadIpaka, paramahaMsaprabaMdha, prabaMdhaciMtAmaNipAI aMtaraMgopAI', neminAtha phAga" 58 kaDI ane keTalAMye stavana vagere racyAM che. munisuMdasUri (I.sa. 1380 thI 1447)-tapAgacchIya semasuMdarasUrine pratibhAsaMpanna padadhara ziSya munisuMdarasUrie vi.saM. 1455 (I.sa. 1398-99) mAM saMskRtabhASI vidyArthIo mATe aividyagoSThI" nAmane graMtha racyo che. saM. 1466(I. sa. 1409-10 )mAM emaNe 108 hAtha lAMbe eka vijJaptipatra lakhI devasuMdarasUrine meka, jenuM nAma hatuM 'tridazataraMgiNI'. emAM traNa strota ane 61 taraMga hatAM. hAla mAtra trIjA strotane "gurnAvalI' nAmane strota 496 padyo bhAga maLe che. emaNe saM. 1455(I.sa. 1398-99)mAM "adhyAtmakalpadruma" apanAma "zAMtasudhArasa", "caturvizatistotra ranakoza", saM. 1483 (I.sa. 1026-27)mAM "jayAnaMdacarita mahAkAvya, saM. 1484(I.sa. 117-28)mAM " micatuSkakathA', saM. 1493(I.sa. 1436-37)mAM "upadezanikAra-pannA vRtti sAthe, saM. 1893 ke saM. 152(I.sa. 1445-46)mAM "saMtikara stotra vagere kavitvapUrNa kRtio racelI maLI Ave che, kSemakarasUri (I.sa. 1094)-tapAgacchIya devasuMdarasUrinA ziSya kSemaM karasarie prAkRtamAM racAyelI sihAsaNabattIsiyA': uparathI saM. 1450 (I.sa. 1394) lagabhagamAM gadyapadyAtmaka "siMhAsanadhAviMzikA' nAmanI kRti racI che. gaMga (I.sa. 14mI sadI)-dvivedI gaMga nAmanA eka vaidika vidvAne Isa.nA 14mA saikAmAM bRhadAraNyaka upara "mukhyArthaprakAzikA' nAmanuM bhASya racyuM che. emanI vidvattAthI teo viThajajanatilaka' tarIke prasiddhi pAmyA hatA. samarasiMha (I.sa. 14mI sadI)-pATaNa maMtrI-kulamAM jAmelA prAgvATavaMzIya zobhanadevanA putra samarasiMhe "manuSyajAtaka' athavA 'tAjakataMtrasAra nAmano graMtha khAsa karIne tAjikakArone jAtaka graMthanI paddhatie racyuM che.

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bhASA ane sAhitya 311 jayatilakasUri (I.sa. 1400)-AgamagacchIya jayatilakasUrie "malayAsuMdarIcarita', "sulasAcarita', "suprArthanAthacarita', "mahAbalacarita" ane "harivikramacarita' nAmanA graMtha racyA che. taduparAMta vItarAgastava", "RSabhajinastava vagere strotra racelAM jANavA maLe che. emaNe saM. 1456(I.sa. 1400)mAM staMbhatIrthamAM "anugaThAracUNiIne uddhAra karyAnuM e graMthanI aMtima pupikAthI jANavA maLe che. zAMtisUri (I.sa. 1400)-pahalIvAlagacchIya zAMtisUrie malaya. saMdarIcati saM 1456(I.sa. 1400)mAM racyuM che. devasuMdarasUri (I.sa. 141) matilakasUrinA paTTadhara devasuMdarasUrie sAdhAraNa-jinastavana", "uttamaRSismaraNa catuSpadI', "pAzvajinastavana vagere racAM che. emanA pAMca vidvAna ziSya 1. jJAnasAgarasUri, 2. kulamaMDanasUri, . guNaratnasUri, 4. semasuMdarasUri ane 5. sAdhuratnasUri emanA AdezathI graMtharacanAo karavAmAM saMlagna hatA. guNaratnasUrie kriyAratnasamuccaya' vagere graMtha racyA che. jJAnasAgarasUrie vimalanAthacarita' racyuM che. somasuMdasUrie paNa aneka graMtharacanAo karI che. somasuMdarasUri (I. sa. 1801)-tapAgacchIya devasuMdarasUrinA paTTadhara somasuMdarasUrie "maityavaMdanabhASya-avacUri', "kalpAMtava, caturvizatijinabhakIrtanastava", "navakhaMDapArzvanAtha-aSTaka', yugAdijinatavasAvacUri, yugmatazabdanavastava', "asmatAbdanavastava" "bhASyatrayagRNi", "kalyANakastava, yatijItakaparanakeza', saM. 1450(I.sa. 1393-94)mAM bhASAmAM "ArAdhanArAsa', saM. 1480 (I.sa. 1423-24)mAM "abdaka95" "neminAthanavarsIphAga', saM. 1882mAM upadezamAlA-bAlAvabodha', saM. 1491 (I.sa. 1434-35)mAM "sthUlibhadraphAga, gazAstra-bAlAvabodha', "paDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha', "navatatvabAlAvabodha" "ArAdhanApatAkA-bAlAvabodha, saM. 1486(I.sa. 1439-40)mAM "SaSTizatakabAlAvabodha vagere graMtha racyA che. semasuMdarasUrinA upadezathI IDaranA saMghapati zreSThI goviMda ozavALe saM. 1466 (I. sa. 1409-10)mAM zatruMjaya giranAra sopAraka tAraMgA vagere tIrthone yAtrAsaMdha kADhayo hato ne tAraMga tIrthanI yAtrA karatAM saMdhapatie ajitanAtha prabhunI navI pratimA sthApana karavAne mane ratha karyo ha.25

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312] salatanata kAla A AcAryo saM. 1496(I.sa. 1439-40)mAM rANakapuramAM tribhuvanadIpaka prAsAdanI pratiSThA karI hatI ane somadevane AcAryapada arpaNa karyuM hatuM. emanuM savistara jIvanavana pratiSThAsome saM. 1541 (I.sa. 1484-85)mAM racelA "somasaubhAgyakAvyamAM ane cAritragaNie e ja varSe racelA guruguNa ratnAkara kAvyamAM AlekhyuM che. guNaratnasUri (I.sa. 1410)-tapAgacchIya devasuMdarasUrinA ziSya ane somasuMdarasUcchiA sahAdhyAyI guNaratnasUrie gurunA AdezathI vi. saM. 1466 (I.sa.1410)mAM jhiyAratnasamuccaya' nAmaka kRti racI che.. vaLI emaNe saM. 1457( I.sa. 1400-01)mAM "kalpAMta ane vAsoniprakaraNa" eTale "aMcalamatanirAkaraNa" cyAM che. haribhadrasUrie racelA - padarzanasamuccaya" upara "tarka rahasya-dIpikA racI che. A uparAMta sattariyA Adi aneka prakaraNe upara avacUrio racI che. jJAnasAgarasUri (I.sa. 1414)-bRhattapAgacchanA ranasiMhasUrinA ziSya udayavallabhanA ziSya jJAnasAgarasUrie khaMbhAtamAM saM. 1517(I.sa. 146-61)mAM jenA teramA tIrthaMkaranuM "vimalanAthacarita" nAme kAvya racyuM che. vaLI A pUrve saM. 1470 (I.sa. 1414)mAM "ratna cUDakathA" nAme graMtha racyo che. upA. devamUti (I.sa. 1415)-kAsahUdagacchIya devacaMdrasUrinA ziSya upA. devamUrtie saM. 171(I.sa. 141 5)mAM 14 sarganuM "vikrama carita" racyuM che. jinavardhanasuri (I.sa. 1414)-kharataragacchanA jinarAjamUrinI pATe saM. 1461(I.sa. 1404-05)mAM jinavadhanasUri thayA. pAchaLathI kaMIka vadhe upasthita thatAM gacchathI alaga thaI emaNe pipalaka kharatara zAkhA" calAvI. emaNe saM. 1474(I.sa. 1418)mAM zivAditya-kRta "saptapadAthI upara TIkA racI che ane avATAlaMkAra' para paNa vRttinI racanA karI che. "bhaTakaDhAtrizikAnA kartA (I.sa. 1419)-somasuMdarasUrinA koI ziSya "bharaTakaThAtrizi" nAme graMthanI racanA saM. 1475 (I.sa. 1919) lagabhagamAM karI che. AmAM mizra saMskRtamAM bharaDA (bAvAo) vize 32 bedhaprada kathA che.

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11 muM] bhASA ane sAhitya [33 vinayacaMdrasUri (I.sa. 1419)-nasUrinA ziSya pradyumnasUrinA ziSya vinayacaMdrasUrie saM. 1474(I sa. 1417-18)mAM "AdinAtha carita' saMskRtamAM racyuM che. uparAMta "pArzvanAthacarita' ane 'munisuvatacarita' paNa emaNe racelAM jANavA maLe che. vaLI "kalpaniyukta", "kAlakAcAryathA", "dIpAlikAka9pa ane jUnI gujarAtImAM neminAthacatubadikA', temaja upadezamAlA kathAnaka chapaya" vagere emanI graMtharacanAo prasiddhi pAmI cUkelI che. jinabhadrasUri (I.sa. 1410-1458)-kharataragacchIya jinarAjasUrinA ziSya jinabhadrasUri(saM. 1450-1514)e "bAdazAMgIpadapramANukulaka' ane "jinasaptatikA' (220 prAkRtagAthAba9) vagere graMtha racA petAnI Agamika pratibhAno paricaya karAvyo che. emaNe saM. 1485 (I.sa. 1428-29)thI saM. 1493 (I.sa. 1436-37) sudhImAM aneka tADapatrIya graMtha lakhAvyA hatA, je jesalamera jJAnabhaMDAramAM vidyamAna che. emaNe aneka jinapratimAonI pratiSThA karI hatI, ane jesalamera, jAbAlipura (jAhera), devagiri, ahipura (nAgora) ane aNahilapATaNa Adi sthaLoe moTA jJAnabhaMDAra sthApyA hatA. jayasAgara upAdhyAya (I.sa. 1422)-kharataragacchanA jinarAja sUrinA ziSya jayasAgara munie saM. 1478(I.sa. 1421-22)mAM pATaNamAM parva ratnAvalI kathA'nI racanA karI che. vaLI emaNe siMdha dezanA mahilakavAhana gAmathI saM. 1884 (I.sa. 14ra7-ra8)mAM vijJaptitriveNI" nAme vijJaptipatra aNahilapura pATaNamAM birAjamAna gacchAcArya jinabhadrasUrine mekalyo hato. emaNe A uparAMta tIrtharAjastava', "uvasaggahastotravRtti', jinadattasUri kRta guruparataM" Adi sto para vRtti, jinadattasUri-kRta smaraNAstava" upara vRtti, "bhAvArivAraNa stotra para vRtti, saM. 1495(I.sa. 1438-39)mAM jinadattasUri-kRta "saMdehadolAvalI' para laghuvRtti, jinakuzalasUri-catupadI', saM. 1487 (I.sa. 1930-31)mAM "ratyaparipATI', "zAMtijinAlayaprazasti" vagere racanAo karI che. saM. 1503 (I.sa. 1446-47)mAM emaNe prahUlAdanapura(pAlanapura)mAM pRthvIcaMdracarita'nI racanA karI che. emaNe AzApallI ane pATaNanA jJAnabhaMDAra mATe zrAvakane pratibodhI hajAre pustakonuM punarlekhana saM. 1495-97 (I.sa. 1438-39 ane 1440-41) sudhImAM karAvyuM hatuM.

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314) satanata kAla jhi, harSabhUSaNa (I.sa. 1424)-tapAgacchanA munisuMdarasUrinA ziSya harSasenanA ziSya harSabhUSaNe saM. 1480(I.sa 1423-24)mAM "zrAddhavidhivinizcaya', aMcala matadalana" tathA saM. 1486(I.sa 1429-30)mAM "paryuSaNavicAra' nAmanA graMtha racyA che. emaNe udayadharmanA "vAkyaprakAza" nAmaka autika para TIkA paNa racI che. satyaruthi (I.sa. 1425 lagabhaga)-kharataraganA upAdhyAya "sAgaranA ziSya satyarucie pitAnI bAla avasthAmAM ja prAthamika kRti lekhe " uttamacaritakathA' racI che. jinasuMdarasUri (I.sa. 1427)-tapAgacchanA somasuMdarasUrinA viziSTa pAMca vidvAna ziSya paikI jinasuMdarasUrie saM. 1483(I.sa. 1427)mAM dIpAlikAkalpanI racanA karI che. mANijyasuMdasUri (I.sa. 1427)-acalagacchIya merUtuMgarinA ziSya mANika suMdarasUrie saM. 1484(I.sa. 1927)mAM "guNavarmacaritra', sattarabhedI pUjA kathA', 'catuvakathAcaMpa', "caMdravila-dharmadattakathAnaka', "zukarAjakathA', 'saMvibhAgavatakathA', saM. 1483(I.sa. 14ra6)mAM "zrIdharacarita' vagere aneka graMthanI racanA karI che. vaLI emaNe saM. 1878(I.sa. 1421-22)mAM 58 kAtmaka pRthvIcaMdracaritanI pAraMbhanI gujarAtImAM gadya kAdaMbarI jevI racanA karI che. emaNe zukarAjastha (saMskRta)"mAM paNa gujarAtI bhASAnAM subhASita pracalita sAhityamAMthI vINIne ApyAM che. semakuMjara (I.sa. 1429)-kharataragacchanA upAdhyAya jayasAgaranA ziSya muni somakuM jare jesalameranA saMbhavanAtha jinAlayanI vidvattAbharI prazasti racI che. emaNe citrakAvya paNa racelAM che. 24 mANikyazekhara (I.sa. 1429 lagabhaga-aMcalagacchIya merUtuMgasUrinA ziSya mANikathazekhare 'Avazyaka niryukti-dIpikA' nAme graMtha race che. enI prazastimAM emaNe potAnI racanAe A prakAre jaNAvI che: 1. Avazyaka miryaktidIpikA, 2. piMDaniryukti-dIpikA, 3. ghaniryukti-dIpikA, 4. dazakAlikadIpikA, 5 uttarAdhyayana-dIpikA, 6. AcArAMga-dIpikA, 7. kalpaniryukti -avacUrikA, 8. navatatvavicAraNA vagere.

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11 muM) bhASA ane sAhitya [315 cAthisuMdaragaNi (I.sa. 1431)- ranasiMhasUrinA ziSya cAritryasuMdaragaNie saM. 1487 I.sa. 1430-31)mAM "zIladUta' nAmanuM kAvya racyuM che. kavi kAlidAsanA meghadUta kAvyanA cothA caraNane laIne navAM traNa caraNe dvArA 131 zlekAmAM raceluM A samasyAmaya kAvya che. emaNe saM. 1487(I.sa. 1430-31)mAM muni zubhacaMdranI abhyarthanAthI kumArapAlacarita" 2032 kaya daza sargamAM racyuM che. vaLI jaina gRharAnA dainaMdinI AcAra vize "a cAropadeza ane kathAcaritAtmaka mahIpAlacarita'nI racanA karI che. rAmacaMdusUri (I.sa. 1434) -pUrNimAnA abhayacaMdrasUrinA ziSya rAmacaMdrasUrie saM. 149 (I.sa. 1433-34)mAM DabhoImAM rahIne "vikramacarita saMskatapadyabaddha 32 kathArUpe racyuM che. kSemakaragaNie saMskRta gadyamAM racelI siMhAsanadhAtrizikA uparathI e racyuM che. e ja varSamAM saMskRta gadya-padyamAM paMcadaMDAtapatrachatraprabaMdha' nAmaka kRti racI che. zIlaratna (I.sa. 1435)-jayakIrti sUrinA vidvAna ziva zIlarane merUtuMgasUrie racelA jainameghadUtakAvya' upara saM. 1491(I.sa. 1434-34)mAM navRttinI racanA kare che. vaLI emaNe caityavaMdanacaturvizikA' sImaMdharajinASTaka vagere kRtio paNa racI che. zubhazIlagaNi (I.sa. 1436 )-tapAgacchanA munisuMdarasUrinA ziSya zubhazIlagaNi vyAkaraNa sAhitya ane siddhAMtanA sArA paMDita hatA. emaNe saM. 1490(I.sa. 3436)mAM agara saM. 1499(I.sa. 1443)mAM vikramacarita, saM. 1504(I.sa. 1487-88)mAM "prabhAvakakathA" temaja "zAlivAhanacarita', saM. 1509(I.sa. 1452-53)mAM kathAkeza-aparanA bharatezvara -bAhubalIvRtti, saM. 1518(I.sa. 1461-62)mAM zatruMjayakalpavRtti, hemacaMdranA abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi anusAra uNAdinAmamAlA, pUjApaMcAzikA ane paMcazatI prabaMdha jevA aneka graMtha racyA che jinamaMDanagaNi (I.sa. 1436 )-tapAgacchIya semasuMdarasUrinA ziSya jinamaMDanagaNi viziSTa vidyAnidhi hatA. 27 emaNe vi.saM. 1492(I.sa. 1436) mAM "kumArapAlaprabaMdha' nAmaka graMtha gadya-padyarUpe racyo che. AmAM aNahilapura pATaNanI sthApanAthI laIne kumArapAlanA svargavAsa (saM. 1230-I.sa. 1174) sudhInA prasaMgenI noMdha lIdhI che.

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316] satanata kAla [x, - ji takIrtisUri (I.sa. 1438) -tapAgacchanA somasuMdarasUrinA ziSya jinakIrtirie saM. 1494 (I.sa. 1838)mAM pATIkA sAthenuM "namaskArajIva', "uttamakumAracarita' ane zIlaviSaya upara "zrIpAla-gopAlakathA racyAM che. vaLI caMpakakI kathA racI che; emAM traNa suMdara upAkhyAna che. ratnazekharasUri (I. sa. 1440)-tapagaca chIya somasuMdarasUrinA ziSya nazekharasUrie saM 1496(I.sa 1440)mAM "zrAddhapratikramaNa satra-vRtti (artha. dIpikA), saM. 1506 (I.sa. 1449-50) zraddhavidhisUtra' ane enI saMskRtavRtti "zrAddhavidhikaumudI', saM. 1516 (I.sa. 1459-60)mAM AcArapradIpa" "laghukSetra samAsa', "hemavyAkaraNa-avacUri ane prabodhacaMdrodaya-vRtti vagere graMtha racyA che. AbutIrthanA pArzvanAtha ane neminAthanAM ratavane, "navakhaMDa-pArzvanAtha-tavana', mahesANa-pArzvanAthastavana" (leka ra6), stavanacovIzI', saM. 1500(I.sa. 1443-44)mAM saMskRta-prAkRta-zaurasenI ema traNa bhASAmAM "caturvizatijinastotra' (leka 25), saM. 151 (I.sa. 1453-54)mAM " racUDAsa', bhArakamunisuMdarasUri sudhInI tapAgacchazrvavalI' (kaDI 27) vagere racanAo karI che. jinaharSagaNi (I.sa. 1441)-tapAgacchanA jayacaMdrasUrinA ziSya jinaharSagaNie saM. 147(I.sa. 1441)mAM cittoDamAM "vastupAlacarita' nAmaka kAvya racyuM che. emAM viradhavale rAjAnA pUrvajonuM paNa chativRtta saMgrahyuM che. emaNe rayaNaseharIkathA' prAkRtamAM gadya-padyamaya racI che. vaLI saM. 15ra 5(I.sa. 1468-69)mAM pratikramaNavidhi', 'ArAmazobhAcarita(4pa1 zlokamAM) anardharAdhavanATakanI vRti, jabUsvAmI rAsa, aSTabhASAmaya sI madhaMrajinastavana, saM. 1502(I.sa. 1445-46)mAM vIramagAmamAM rahIne viMzatisthAnakavicArAmRta saMgraha " razekharanarapaticarita', saM. 1487 I.sa. 1430-31)mAM "samyakatvakaumudI' (2858 kaleka pramANa) vagere graMtha racyA che semadevasUri (I. sa. 1441)-tapAgacchatA semasuMdarasUrinA ziSya somadevasUrie yugmadasmazabda-aSTAdazastavI" upara saM. 1497(I.sa. 144)mAM avacUri ra vI che. emaNe "caturvizatistava' racyuM che. thAritraratnagaNi (i.sa. 1443)-tapAgacchanA jinasuMdarasUrinA ziSya cAritraranagaNie saM. 1499 (i.sa. 1443)mAM citrakUTa-mahAvIra prazasti' nAmanI vidvattApUrNa kRti racI che. e ja varSamAM cittoDamAM dAnapradIpa" nAme graMtha racyo che. vaLI keTalAMka stotra racyAM che.

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3i17 11 muM bhASA ane sAhitya | muni udayadhama (I.sa. 1444)-upa munisAgaranA ziSya upA. mAnasAgaranA ziSya muni udayadharme AgamagacchIya AnaMdaratnasUrinA rAjyamAM dharmakalpadruma' nAmanI upadezaviSayaka kRti saM. 1500 (I.sa. 1443-44) lagabhagamAM racI che. samagra graMthamAM dAna zIla tapa ane bhAva vize suMdara vivecana che. somadharmagaNi (I.sa. 1447)-tapA. cAritraratnagaNinA ziSya madhame. gaNie saM. 1pa03(I.sa. 1447)mAM "upadezasaptatikA' nAmano graMtha pAMca adhikArAmAM ro che. emAMthI aneka tIrtha ane aitihAsika vyaktio vize vigato jANavA maLe che. guNakara muni (I.sa. 1448)-rautragathvIya guNAkara munie saM. 1504 (I.sa. 1448)mAM "samyakatvakaumudI' nAme graMthanI racanA karI che.. samadevasUri (I.sa. 1448)-tapA. razekharasUrinA ziSya semadeve kathAmahodadhi nAmane kathAgraMtha gadya-padyamAM racyo che. A kathAmAM hariNe racelA kapUraprakara'mAM nirdiSTa 157 kathA che. semadeve jinaprabhasUrikRta siddhAMtastava upara TIkA racI che. semadevasUri prakhara vAdI hatA. emanI navI kAvyakalAthI mevADapati rANa kuMbhakarNa AkarSita thayo hato. emaNe pUrelI samasyAthI jUnAgaDhane rAjA mAMDalika 3 (I.sa.1451 thI 1469) raMjita thayo hato. emanI kavitvazaktithI pAvApura-caMpakanerane rAjA jayasiMha prasanna thayo hato. 28 somadene rANakapuramAM ratnazekharasUrie AcAryapada ApyuM hatuM. 29 jayacaMdrasUri (I.sa. 1449)-tapA. somasuMdarasUrinA ziSya jayacaMdrasUri sAhityika dArzanika ane saiddhAMtika vidvAna hatA. emaNe saM. 1506(I.sa. 1449-50)mAM "pratikramaNavidhi nAmane AcArapradhAna graMtha racyo. vaLI pratyAkhAnavivaraNa ane samyaphavakaumudI' nAmanA graMtha paNa rahyA che. kavi gaMgAdhara (I.sa. 1440)-gaMgAdhara nAmanA kavie cAMpAneranA rAjA gaMgadAsa vize 'gaMgadAsapratApavilAsanATaka" nAmanuM nATaka saMskRta nATaka racyuM che. e nATaka cAMpAneranA mahAkAlI maMdiranA sabhAgRhamAM bhajavAyuM hatuM. graMthakartA kavi karNATakathI Avyo hato. dvArakAnI yAtrAe jatAM vacce amadAvAdanA sulatAnanA darabAramAM Avyo ane e pachI cAMpAneranA rAjA gaMgadAsanA darabAramAM Ave.

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saltanata kAla [pra. A nATaka racyA pachI kavi gaMgAdhara jUnAgaDha Avyo. jUnAgaDhanA chellA hiMdurAjA mAMDalika 3 jAnA darabAramAM rahIne eNe maMDalika rAjAnA jIvanane AlekhatuM aitihAsika maMDalika mahAkAvya" I.sa. 1460 nA samayamAM lagabhaga racyuM. muni udayadharma (I. sa. 1451)-buhagIya ratnasiMhasUrinA ziSya muni udayadhameM saM.150(I.sa. 1450-51)mAM "vAkyaprakAza" nAmaka aukinI rayanA siddhapuramAM karI che. racanAne uddeza gujarAtI bhASA dvArA saMskRta bhASA zikhavADavAno che. ahIM keTalAMye padya gujarAtImAM ApIne enI sAthe saMskRtamAM anuvAda ApavAmAM Avyo che. A vAkyaprakAzanuM mahatva samajIne (1) paM. harSa kulagaNie saM. 1583 (I.sa. 1526-27)mAM, (2) kItivijaya ziSya muni jinavijaye saM. 1994 (I.sa. 1637-38)mAM, (3) jaina graMthAvalinA ulekha mujaba ratnasUrie ane (4) ajJAtanAma munie TIkAo racI che. muni udayadharmo dhAtrizadalakamalabaMdhamahAvIrastava"nI racanA karI che. vaLI Adijinastavana-citra kAvya 24 ane "jIrApallI pArzvanAtha jinastava" vagere kRtio racI pitAnI vidvattAne paricaya karAvyo che." ranamaMDanamari (I.sa. 1454 lagabhaga)-tapA. somadevasUrinA ziSya ranamaMDanasUrie saM. 151(I.sa. 1460-61)mAM dAnavIra zreSThI pethaDakumAra ane emanA putra jhajhaNakumAranA caritra vize saMtasAgara" nAme kAvya racyuM che. hemahaMsagaNi (I.sa. 1458)--tapA. ratnazekharasUrinA ziSya caritrarAnagaNinA ziSya hemahaMsagaNie A udayaprabhasUrie racelA "AraMbhasiddhi" nAmanA muhUrtaviSayaka graMtha upara saM. 1514(I. sa. 1458)mAM AzApalImAM rahI "sudhI zRMgAra' nAmanuM vArtika racyuM che. vaLI emaNe A. hemacaMdraracita "siddhahemazabdAnuzAsanamAM ApelA pa nyAya ane vyAkaraNo pagI bIjA 84 nyAya upara "nyAyArthamaMjuSA' nAmane TIkAgraMtha saM. 1515(I.sa. 1458-59)mAM racyo che. parazurAma (I.sa. 1459)--udIcya vipra karNanA putra parazurAme "mahArUdrapaddhati' nAmane kama kAMDa viSayaka graMtha saM. 1515 (I.sa. 1459)mAM racyo che. ratnamadiragaNi (I.sa. 1461)-tapA. razekharasUrinA ziSya naMdirana ratnamaMdiramaNie saM. 1517 mAM "bhojaprabaMdha' (prabaMdharAja) ane lagabhaga e ja samayamAM "upadezataraMgiNI' nAmanA ItihAsa-saMbaMdhita graMtha racyA che. A mizra saMskRta racanA che.

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3i29 11 muM] bhASA ane sAhitya udayarAja (I.sa. 1462 thI 1469)-prayogadAsanA putra ane aneka zAstravedI paMDita rAmadAsanA ziSya udayarAje amadAvAdanA sulatAna mahamUda begaDA(I.sa.1458 thI 1511)nuM jIvanacaritra AlekhatuM rAjavinoda nAmaka mahAkAvya saMskRta padyomAM racyuM che. AmAM mahamUdanuM vaMzAnukrame varNana che. A kAvya sAta sargomAM vibhakta che. AmAM rANuM kuMbhakarNa (1433 thI 1468)ne mahamUdanA sevaka tarIke ullekha karyo che, eTale A mahAkAvya I.sa. 1462 thI 146nAM varSo daramyAna racAyuM hoya ema lAge che. | munipratiSThAsoma (1468)-somasuMdarasUrinA ziSya muni pratiSThAsome saM. 1524(I.sa. 1468)mAM semasuMdarasUrinA jIvanaprasaMgenuM aitihAsika khyAna ApatuM "somasaubhAgyakAvya" nAmaka kAvya 10 sargomAM racyuM che. tapA. lakSmIsAgarasUrinA ziSya sumatisAdhue paNa AvI ja kRti "somasaubhAgyakAvya nAmathI racI che. Ane keTalAka saibhAgyakAvya" paNa kahe che. semasUri (I.sa. 1469)- ratnamaMDanasUrinA ziSya samajayasUrie staMbhatapAWjitastotraRSabhadeva-vadhamAna jinastotram (dvisaMdhAna), tAraMgAmaMDana ajitajitastotram (le. 8) ane mahAvIra stavana vagere kRtio racI che. teo vAdakaLAmAM mahAkuzaLa hatA 32 muni satyarAjagaNi (I.sa. 148)-muni satyarAjagaNie gadya-padya-bhaMga zleSAtmaka "pRthvIcaMdracarita' saM. 1535 (I. sa. 1478)mAM rahyuM che. muni megharana (I.sa. 1480)-vaDagachIya muni vinayasuMdarasUrinA ziSya megharatnamunie saM. 1532 (I.sa. 1470)mAM "sArasvata-dIpikA racI che. Ane 'TuMDhikA paNa kahe che. vaLI emaNe khagoLazAstrane "ustaralAyaMtra' nAme graMtha rao che ane enA upara rapajJa TIkA paNa racI che.33 somacAritragaNi (I.sa. 1485) -tapA. cAritrahaMsa muninA ziSya samacAritragaNie saM. 1541(I.sa. 1484-85)mAM "guruguNaratnAkara kAvyanI racanA karI che. cAra sargomAM racAyelA A kAvyamAM lakSmI sAgarasUrinA jIvanaprasaMga varNavyA che. kamalasaMyama upAdhyAya (I.sa. 14/8)-khara. A. jinabhadrasUrinA ziSya kamalasaMyame saM. 1476(I.sa. 1410-20)mAM dIkSA lIdhI hatI ane jinasamudrasUrinA AdezathI uttarAdhyayanasUtra' upara "sarvAthasiddhi nAmanI TIkA saM.

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320] saltanata kAla pri. 11 muM 1544(I.sa. 1487-88)mAM racI hatI. saM. 1549 (I.sa. 149ra-93)mAM kamastava' nAmaka karmagraMtha upara vivaraNa racyuM hatuM. vaLI 'siddhAMta sAroddhAra nAmanI kRti nA gujarAtI gadyamAM racI che.' muni sAvijaya (I.sa. 1489 lagabhaga)-tapA. muni jinaharSanA ziSya sAdhuvijaye sumatisAdhunA rAjyamAM 'vAdivijayaM prakaraNa' ane 'hetubaMDa pAMDitya" nAmanA dArzanika graMtha saM. 1545 thI 1551 (I.sa. 1489 thI 1495) daramyAna racyA che. muni jinasUri (I.sa. 1494 lagabhaga)-tapA. vizAlarAjasUrinA ziSya sudhAbhUSaNasUrinA muni jinasUre saM. 1550 (I.sa. 1494) lagabhagamAM uvasaggahArastotrano prabhAva darzAvato priyaMkarapakathA' nAmane graMtha racyo che. vaLI emaNe manmatha rAjAnA putranI sthArUpe "rUpasenacarita myuM che ane rAmacaMdrasUrie racelA kumAravivArazataka' upara avacUrNi racI che. muni zubhavadhana (I.sa. 1496) -tapA. muni sAdhuvijayanA ziSya muni zubhavadhane prAkRtamAM dazazrAvaritra ane hemavimalasUrinA rAjyamAM saM. 1552 (I. sa. 1496)mAM vardhamAnadezanA" ane "RSimaMDaparatava" upara vRttinI racanA karI che. kItivabhalagaNi (I.sa. 1496)-aMcalagacchIya jayakIrtisUrinA ziSya jayakesarasUrinA ziSya kIti valabhagaNie amadAvAdamAM rahIne saM. 15para (I.sa. 1496)ne divALInA divase uttarAdhyayanasUtra' upara TIkA racI che. sUtradhAra maMDana (I.sa.ne paMdaramo saika) sutradhAra maMDane (mAMDaNa) vAstusAra' nAme zilpane atiupayogI graMtha racyo che. zipI maMDana mevADanA rANA kuMbhakarNa-kuMbhArANA(I. sa. 15mo saikA)ne Azrita hato. eNe zilpanA ane vAstuzAstrane lagatA "rUpamaMDana Adi aneka graMtha racyA che.35 mahAdeva (I.sa. 15 me sake)-ucca koTinA vidvAna tarIke khyAti pAmelA audIcya brAhmaNe paM. mahAdeve I.sa.nA 15 mA saikAmAM kAtyAyana zrauta sUtra upara bhASya rahyuM che. muni labdhisAgara (I sa. 1591)muni udayasAgaranA ziva muni labdhisAgare saM. 1557(I.sa. 1500-01)mAM zrIpAlakathA' ane saM. 1558 (I.sa. 1501-02)mAM "pRthvIracarita' nAmanA graMtha racyA che.

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11 muM] haiSA ane sAhitya muni lakSmIkala (I.sa. 1510)-tapA. ratnamaMDanasUrinA ziSya lakSmIkalsele saM. 1566( I.sa. 1511)mAM "AcArasUtra" para "tavAragamA" nAmanI avacUri racI che. vaLI samavimalasarinA samaya(saM. 1597-1937)mAM "jJAtAsUtra" upara mugdhAvadhA nAmanI ladhu vRtti racelI jANavA maLe che. muni siddhAMtasAra (I.sa. 1514)-tapA. naMdinA ziSya muni siddhAMtasAre saM. 1pa70(I.sa. 1514)mAM darzanaratnAkara" nAmano graMtha cAra laharIomAM racyo che. graMthamAM RSabhadevanuM carita-nirU paNa che. harSakulagaNi. (Isa. 1521)-tapA. hemavimalasUrinA samayamAM kulacaraNa gaNinA ziSya harSakulagaNie be padevanA "kavikalpadruma" nAmaka graMthathI prerAI siddhahemazabdAnuzAsanamAM nirdiSTa dhAtuonI "kavikalpadruma nAmathI pabaddha racanA saM. 1577( I.sa. 15ra1 )mAM karI che. A graMtha 11 pallavomAM vibhakta che. enA upara kavie pote "dhAtu ciMtAmaNi" nAme paNa TIkA karI che, paraMtu samagra TIkA hajI upalabdha thaI nathI. vaLI emaNe muni udayadharmaracita "vAkyaprakAza" para saM. 1583 (I. sa. 15ra7) lagabhagamAM TIkA racI che.37 paMDita pItAMbara (I.sa. 153)-khaMbhAtanivAsI gauDa brAhmaNa paMDita pI.bare saM. 1579(I.sa. 153)mAM vivAhapaTala" nAme graMtha racyo che ane sa. 1581 (I.sa. 15ra 5)mAM enA para "nirNadhAmRta" nAmanI TIkA paNa racI che. lAvaNyavijayagaNi (I.sa 1524)-muni lAvaNyavijayagaNie lAvaNyasamayagaNita gujarAtI "vamalamaMtricarita'nA AdhAre saMskRtamAM vimalamaMtricarita' nAme graMtha saM. 1580(I.sa. 154)mAM racyo che. jinahasamUri (I.sa. 1526)-jinasamudrasUrinA ziSya jinasamUrie saM. 1582(I.sa. 15ra 6)ma AcArAMgasUtra upara dIpikA" nAmanI sukhAvaha vRtti racI che. paMDita vikadhIragaNi (I.sa. 1531)-paMDita vinayamaMDananA ziSya paMDita vivekadhIragaNie saM. 1587(sa. 1531)mAM "zatruMjaya tIrthoddhAraprabaMdha nAmaka aitihAsika kAvyanI racanA karI che. A varSamAM cittoDanivAsI e savAlaIpa-21 * .

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22) sAhanata kA jJAtIya zreSThI karmacaMdra maMtrIe lAkha rUpiyA kharacIne zatrujayanA mULa maMdirane jINIdhAra pUro karavI ene pratiSThA mahotsava karyo hato tenuM pratyakSazI varNana graMthakAre karyuM che. nasiMhari (I.sa. 1549) pA. lAvaNyadharmanA ziSya ratnasiMhari e saM. 1605(I.sa. 1549)mAM vijayadAnasUrinA sattA-kAlamAM "upadezamAlAnI 51 mI prAkRta gAthA sAmUhagAnA 100 artha karI zatAtha racI hatI. caMtakIrtiri (I.sa. 157)-nAgapurIya tapA. rAjaratnasUrinA ziSya caMdrakIrtisUrie saM. 162 (I.sa. 1567)mAM "sArasvata vyAkaraNa para "subedhikA" nAmanI sudha TIkA racI che. muni guNavinaya (I.sa. 1584-89)-khara. upA. jayasemasUrinA ziSya muniguNavinaye hanumAna kavie racelA "khaMDa prazastikAvya" upara saM. 1641(I.sa. 1584)mAM TIkA racI che. bIjA keTalAka jainAcAryoe paNa A kAvya upara TIkAo racI che. vaLI guNavinaye saM. 1646(I.sa. 1589-90)mAM "damayaMtIcaMdrapUkathA 'nI vRtti ane vairAgyazataka' upara TIkAo racI che; "siMhAsanakAtrizikA'nI racanA paNa karI che. "raghuvaMzakAvya" upara saM. 1646(I.sa. 159)mAM vikramanagaramAM vRtti racI che. A vRttimAM emaNe aneka TIkAone upayoga karyo che. guNavinaye saM. 155(1599)mAM A graMthanA AdhAre "karmacaMdravaMzAvalIprabaMdha' nAme gujarAtI bhASAnuM kAvya racyuM che. zivarAma zukala (I.sa. 16mA saikI-sarakhejanA vatanI zivarAma zukala nAmanA karmakAMDI paMDite "vAstuzAMti', "sarvadevapratiSThAvidhi, sAmavedIo mATenI saMskAraprAtiviSayaka "sudhinI' vagere karmakAMDagraMtha racyA che. muni zubhasuMdara (I.sa. 16mI sadI)-tapA. lakSmIsAgarasUrinA ziSya zubhasuMdaramunie maMtra yaMtra ane auSadha-kAgagarbhita "deulavADAmaMDana-SajinastotranI saTIka racanA karI che. athala (I.sa. 16mI sadI)-vaDanagaranA acala dvivedI nAmanA vidvAne nirNayadIpaka nAmane graMtha I.sa.nA 16mA saikAmAM rasa che.

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11 ju] bhASA ane sAhitya 3i13 bhUdeva zukala (I.sa. 16 saiko)-"dharmavijaya" nAmanuM paMcAMkI nATaka bhUdeva zukale dilhInA dAnatanAdhyakSa kAyastha kezavadAsa mATe Isa. seLamAM sikAmAM raceluM che. smAta AcArothI pAralaukika phaLa batAvatuM A rUpakAtmaka nATaka che. itara sAhityakAre abdura rahemAna (I.sa.nI 14mI sadI lagabhaga)-jene samaya nizcita rUpe kahI zakAya ema nathI te uttara apabhraMcane muslima vaNakara kavi, saMbhavata: khaMbhAtamAM hoya tevo, abdura rahemAna enA " saMjanA' nAmanA dUtakAvyathI jANavAmAM AvyA che. A rAsamAM eka virahiNI nAyikA kaI vijayanagara nAmanA nagaranI che ane e khaMbhAtamAM rahetA pitAnA priyane eka pathika dvArA saMdeza mokale che. aneka chaMdomAM kavie RtuonAM suMdara varNana ApI ucca prakAranI kavitA sAdhI ApI che. A prakAranAM dUtakAvya pachI prAkRta ke apabhraMzamAM thayelAM jANavAmAM AvyAM nathI. asAIta (I.sa. 1361 mAM hayAta)-lekanATaya kiMvA "bhavAI'nA puraskAraka tarIke jenI gujarAtamAM khyAti che te siddhapurano audIcya brAhmaNa ane trAgALA nAyakane AghapuruSa asAIta trividha prakAranuM sAhitya ApI gayo che. eNe bhavAIna 360 jeTalA veza lakhyA hatA, jemAMnA keTalAka Aja sudhI bhajavAtA AvyA che. enI 'haMsAuli e madhyakAlIna gujarAtI kiMvA "gujara bhAkhA nI pahelI kahI zakAya tevI laukika kathA che, jemAM haMsAuli nAmanI rAjakumArInA haMsa ane varlDa nAmanA be putranI adbhutarasamUlaka kathA ApavAmAM AvI che. enAM keTalAMka prakIrNa dehA rUpanAM subhASita paNa jANavAmAM AvyAM che. asAItanI 'haMsAuli' jemAM paNa sAruM mAna pAmelI jaNAya che. vasaMtavilAsakAra tathA harikRSNa-phAkAra- vasaMtavilAsa" ane harikRSNaphAgu' e bane phAgu kAvya che. prathamanI kRtimAM koI cokkasa nAyaka ane nAyikA nathI, paNa e vasaMtaRtunA vihAranuM kAvyalakSaNethI samRddha nAnuM kAvya che. bIjI kRtimAM dvArakAmAM kRSNane emanI paTarANIo sAthe vasaMtavihAra varNita thayo che. keTaluMka sAmya hoI baMne eka kavinI racanA heya te emAM Azcarya nahi hoya.

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224 satata jhala : zrIdhara vyAsa (I.sa. 1398 mAM hayAta)--tImUranI hiMda uparanI (I.sa. 1398nI) savArIno ullekha karanArA zrIdhara vyAsanI "raNamalada' ane 'bhagavatIbhAgavata' kivA "IzvarI chaMda" e be racanA jANavAmAM AvI che. cAraNI prakAranI "avala arthata Di gaLI-apabhraMzane AbhAsa ApatI-baLakaTa bhASAmAM vividha chaMdamAM racAyeluM A aitimUlaka yuddhakAvya che. mIra malika mupharaja IDara upara caDI Avela ane IDaranA rAva raNamale enA upara vijaya meLavyo enuM kavitvamaya varNana A kAvya aneka arabI-phArasI zabda prayojIne racI Ape che. rAmale dariyAkhAna jhapharakhAna (I.sa. 1776-1374 daramyAna sUbo ne harAvyA. paNa A kAvyamAM nirdeza che. bIjI racanA suprasiddha caMDIpAThanI kathA Ape che. bhIma (I.sa. 1410mAM hayAta)-ara Ita pachI jainetara A bIje kavi che ke je paNa eka laukika padyakathA Ape che. A kathA te 'sadayavasarAnti ke "sadayavatsaprabaMdha'. lokamAM sadevaMta-sAvaliMgAne vArtA tarIke jANItI kathAne A jUne pATha che. aneka sumadhura varNanathI eNe A paghakathAne rasika banAvI che. nave rasa eNe yathAzakti varNavI batAvyA che. narasiMha mahetA (I.sa. 1412-1481)-gujarAtI bhASAmAM Adi kanuM biruda caritArtha karI batAvanAra, mULa taLAjA(ji. bhAvanagara)ne, paNa pachIthI jUnAgaDhamAM AvI vaselA narasiMha nAgara kRSNalIlAviSayaka pade temaja pAnA jIvanamAM maLelI acitya sahAyone abhuta rasa paDache varNavI racelAM Atmacaritane lagatAM kAvyo ke pachI aneka kavione preraNAstrota banI rahyo. AtmacaritanAM kAvyonAM eNe "jhArI hUMDI' "mAmeruM' "putrane vivAhanAM pada ane jUnAgaDhanA rA'mAMDalika 3 jAnA darabAramAM enI thayelI kasoTI - hArasame' tarIke jANItIne lagatAM pado (saM. 1512 ne bhAgasara sudi 7ne ravivAra, tA. 16-11-1455) gAyAM che. enI viziSTatA vibhinna zAstrIya rAgamAM hajAronI saMkhyAmAM gAyelAM enA viziSTa kAvya-prakAra tarIke vikasI AvelAM padamAM che. jhUlaNA chaMdanA rAhamAM gAyelAM padonI saMkhyA thaDI che chatAM emAM eNe tattvajJAnanI kavitA gAI he I e rAhane lokabhogyatA ApI zakya che. enA "sudAmAne jhUlaNuM" sumadhura racanA che. "surata-saMgrAma' ane goviMdagamana" ghaNA pachInA samayamAM ene nAme caDAvelI racanAo che, paNa enI ja "cAturIo to suprasiddha bhaktakavi jayadevanA nItamvitra kAvyanI yAda Ape tevI madhyakAlIna gujarAtI racanA che.

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11 su' bhASA ane sAhitya [ 325 paramata mahetA (I.sa. 15mI sadInA pUrvArdha)--narasiMha mahetAnA kAkA ane mAMgarALa(sArmDa)mAM jaI vaselA 'parabata mahetA'nI paNa keTalIka racanAo jANavAmAM AvI che. A bhaktane mAthe sa', 1501nA mAgasara sudi 6 te sAmavAre (tA. 16-11-1444) mAMgarALamAM zrI raNacheADarAyanuM kALA paththaranuM zyAma svarUpa padhAryuM hatuM, e rIte itihAsamAM e bhakta jANItA che. narasiha mahetAnAM maLelAM jhArI ne lagatAM ca2 56 - svAzaktinA uttama namUnA - e rAte mAMgaroLamAMnA utsavamAM gAyAM kaheya che. parataMtane maLeluM 'vaizava' biruda enA vaMzajomAM adyApi ta sacavAyelu chaeN (vaDanagarA gRhasthanuM). mayaNa ( I.sa. 15 mI sadI --'vasaMtavilAsa'nI jema zabdAla karatI cAturIvALI 'mayaNa chaMda' nAmanI nAnI kAvyakRta jANavAmAM AvA che, jemAM zrIkRSNanA sace gazR MgAranuM citraNa che. bha SAmAM cAraNI Di MgaLI-prakAra jovA maLe che, padmanAbha ( I.sa. 1956 mAM haya ta)-mAravADamAM AvelA jAleAra(bharavADa)mA rahI viziSTa prakAranA prabaMdha eka vIsanagarA nAgara padmAbe ma 1456mAM racI ApI 'raNamala chaMda' pachI arabI-phArasI ..bdothI samRddha 'gujarabhAkhA'| paricaya sulabha karI ApyA che. gujarAtanA chellA sAla ka rAjA kaNa vAghelAnA putanA ane alAuddInanAM sainyane gujarAtamAM javA mAna a panArA seAnamA cauhANa kA denA pradeza kaMparanA Akrabha te kAvyaguNothI sabhara citAra yuddhanAM varSAthI khUba dIpI UThayo gujharAtI sAhityamAM lagabhaga ananya ke zakAya tevI A racanA che. gadya 'bhaTAvalI' temaja gheADa ja pada paNa eNe A racanAmAM ApyAM che. varasaMga (I.sa. 1464 lagabhaga)--varasa Mga (dhorasa) nAmanA I AkhyAnakAranA 'udhAharaNa --hakIkate 'naruddhaharaNa'--ta adbhuta ane vIrarasa sAthe dIpatA zRMgArarasane nirUpatI A racanA atyAra sudhI jANavA mAM AvelAM saLaMga AkhyAtAnA prakAranI jUna mAM jUnI kahI zakAya. ra Mge ekalI' mathALe gadya paNa karAMka kayAMka Ayu` che, je anuprAsAtmaka prakAranuM che, teA vacce vacce gadya pada paNa ApyAM che. kuNa maMtrI (I.sa. 147mAM hayAta) -kaNa maMtrI nAmanA eka AkhyAnakAre 'sItAharaNu' ke 'rAmAyaNa' yA 'rAmakathA' mALe sa. 1526mAM nAnI kAvyaracanA ApI che. enuM eka 'sapanagIta' paNa kaLe che,

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saghanata kAha mAMDaNa aMdhAre (I.sa. 15mI sadIne uttarArdha)-AbunI uttare zirohImAM rahI racanAo karanArA laMDaNa nAmanA kavinI prabodhabatrIsI' "rAmAyaNa hanumaMte pAkhyAna pAMDavaviSTi "satabhAmAnuM rUsaNuM" ane 8 theDAM pada jANamAM AvyAM che. SaTpadI copAInA prathama racanArA A kavie enI prabodhabatrIsI" seMkaDonI saMkhyAmAM kahevata ApIne racI che, jenuM pachIthI mAtra akhAe enA chappAomAM sIdhuM anukaraNa kareluM jovA maLe che. bAkInI racanAo sAdAM camatkArahIne AkhyAna che. bhIma kezavalAsa (I. sa. 1485-1490 hayAta)- bhIma kezavadAsa nAmanA eka kavinI siddhapuramAM saM. 1541(I.sa. 1485)mAM racAyelI bhAgavatanI kathA, harilAlA SoDazakalA' nAmanI racanA ane saM. 1546 I.sa. 1490mAM kRSNamizranA prakoporaya rUpaka nATakanA ropAIomAM prabhAsapATaNamAM rahI karelA anuvAda-rUpa 'prabodhaprakAza' nAmanI racanA jANavAmAM AvI che. ha. lI. che. kalAmAM eka aitihAsika rIte noMdhapAtra vastu e che ke dazamaskaMdhanI rakamiNIvivAhanI vigata ApatAM kRSNa-samiNIne e prasaMga mAdhavapura(gheDa)mAM banyo nirUpAyo che, je batAve che ke mAdhavapura (gheDa)mAM dara varSe caitra sudi 12-13 ne zajavAta e prasaMga bhImanA samaya eTale te jUne che ja. koI bhImanAM racelAM pada paNa maLI AvyAM che, jemAMnuM "japi na rasane vimala nAma rAdhava taNuM narasiMha mahetAnAM bahArasamenAM pado uparathI vikaselI 65 padanI hAramALA'mAM bhIma narasiMhane kaheto hoya tema japi na narasai vimala nAma rAghava taNuM" e rIte nirUpAyela che. janArdana travADI (I.sa. 1491mAM hayAta)-umareThano khaDAyato brAhmaNa eka janArdana vADI geya paddamAM " uSAharaNa tuM nAnuM kAvya saM. 1548. (I.sa. 1481)mAM racI Ape che. vAsu (I.sa. 15mI sadIne uttarArdha-karNanA avatAra tarIke gaNatA sagALazA zeThanI ceDhIyAne bhega nirUpatI "sagALazA AkhyAna' nAmathI jANItI eka laukika kathA kaI vAsunI maLe che. dehala (15mI sadIne uttarArdha)-abhinava ujhANuM" nAmanuM nAnuM AkhyAna kaI dehalanuM jANavAmAM AvyuM che, jemAM mahAbhAratanA yuddhamAM abhimanyunA thayela vadhanI kathA ApI che.

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11 muM]. bhASA ane sAhitya [320 narapati (I.sa. 1489-154mAM hayAta)-kaI narapatinI naMdabatrIsI (saM. 1545-I.sa. 1489) ane paMcadaMDa (saM. 156 -I.sa. 1504) e be laukika kathAo jANavAmAM AvI che. saM. 172(I.sa. 1216)mAM racI hoI manAtI "vIsalade-rAsa' nAmanI eka aitihyamUlaka prabaMdha-racanA jANavAmAM AvI che, paraMtu bhASA vagere jotAM e 15mI-16mI sadInA aMtakAlanI che. Ano kartA koI narapati nAha' che. A beu narapati eka hovAnI saMbhAvanA karavAmAM AvI che. rAula kAnha (I.sa. 16 mI sadIno AraMbha) -kaI rAula kAnhanuM zuddha gaNa meLa zArdUlavikrIDita vRttamAM racAyeluM "kRSNakrIDita' nAmanuM kAvya jANavAmAM AvyuM che. jainetara kavine gaNameLa chaMdamAM racAyelo A atyAre to pahelo prayatna che. saMskRta sAhityanAM kAvyalakSaNethI A kAvya samRddha che e paNa viziSTatA che. kaka vasahI (I.sa. 16 mI sadIne AraMbha) -gaNadevInA vatanI gaMdA-putra anAvaLA kIku vasahI(vazI)nI bAcaritra ane chappAomAM "aMgadaviSTi' e be racanA maLI che. anAvaLA gAmamAM uttara dezamAMthI AvelA brAhmaNakuLane A kavi che. e daSTie AjanA anAvaLA banAvi rIte sudhArelA saMskRta zabdavALA brAhmaNa audIcyone ke I prakAra hovAnuM kIkunA zabdothI samajAya che. zrIdhara aDAlaje (I.sa. 1509 mAM hayAta)-jUnAgaDhanA eka rAjyakarmacArI aDAlajA moDha vaNika zrIdharanI "rAvaNamaMdodarI saMvAda' (saM. 156paI.sa. 1509) ane AkhyAnakaTInuM gaurIcarita" e be racanA maLI che. zAmaLane rAvaNamaMdarI saMvAda' zrIdharanI A racanAne anukaraNamAM racAyeluM che. bhAlaNa travADI (I.sa. 16 mI sadIne pUrvArdha)---tatkAlIna madhya gujarAtI bhASAnuM "gujara bhAkhA" nAma ApanArA, pATaNa( uttara gujarAta)nA, kaDavAbaddha AkhyAnenA puraskAraka travADI moDha brAhmaNa bhAlaNanI "bhIlaDI saMvAda" "saptazatI' jAlaMdhara AkhyAna "durvAsA AkhyAna' "mAmakI ApyAna rAmavivAha" "dhruva AkhyAna mRgI AkhyAna 'kRSNaviSTi" naLAkhyAna" "kAdaMbarI' "bhAgavatadazamaskaMdha' "rAmabAlacarita-ATalI siddha racanAo maLI che, jemAM saptazatI naLAkhyAna" "kAdaMbarI' ane "dazamaskaMdha e mULa saMskRta graMthanA sArAnuvAda che. AmAMnI "kAdaMbarI' saMskRta bhASAnA samartha kavi bANuM ane enA putranI saM. jAntara'ne mUlanI khUbIone jALavato ane emAM pitA taraphathI paNa svataMtra khUbIo umerata asAmAnya keTIne kaDavAbaddha AkhyAnanA svarUpano anuvAda che. enAM kRSNalIlAne lagatAM seMkaDo pada paNa jANavAmAM AvyAM che. e vatsalarasane kavi hato. "dazamaskaMdha'mAM enAM thoDAM vrajabhASAnAM paNa pada maLe che.

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32 sastanata la [346 mIrAMbAI (I.sa. 1499-1547)- mULa mAravADamAM jodhapura pAse meDatAnI rAjakumArI ane lagnathI mevADanA rAjakuTuMbamAM gayelI, pAchaLathI vidhavA thayelI mIrAM kRSNabhaktine keMdramAM rAkhIne tatkAlIna vyApaka bhASAmAM seMkaDA pada racI gaI che. rAjasthAna ane gujarAta bane ene petAnI ucca kaeNATinI dhruviyatrI tarIke saMmAne che. jAvaDa (I.sa. 1515'mAM hayAta)--deza 'mAliyAgara' ane vatana 'badanAvara'nA kAI jAvaDanI 'mRgIsaMvAda' ke 'mRgalIsavAda' nAmanI sa. 1571 (I.sa 1511) mAM racelI racanA navAmAM AvI che. nAkara (I.sa. 1516-1568 mAM hayAta)--bhAlaNanAM AkhyAnA pachI vaDAdarAneA dizAvALa vaNika nAkara mahAbhAratanAM aneka padyanA madhyakAlIna gujarAtImA sAra ApI AkhyAnethI bhASAne samRddha karanArA niHspRha lekhaka che, mahAbhAratamAM zAMti anuzAsana ane AzramavAsika sivAyanAM 15 parvo uparAMta rizcaMdrAkhyAna' (sa'. 1572-I.sa.1516) ane 'rAmAyaNa' (sa'. 1624-I.sa. 1568) etaH mahattvanI AAta-racanAo che. uparAMta 'kaNa ciratra' 'kRSNaviSTi' bhramaragIta' dhruvAkhyAna' 'naLAkhyAna' 'khAharaNa' 'mRgalIsaMvAda' vagere anya AkhyAna paNa enAM maLyAM che. gaNapata (I.sa. 1518 mAM hayAta)--mAdamAM ugrasenava MzI nAga narezanA rAjyakAlamAM kAI gaNapata nAmanA kavie 'mAdhavAnala kAmakalA' saMjJAvALI, vibhinna rasAthI samRddha, padyamA laukika kathA (saM. 1574-I.sa. 1518) racelI jANavAmAM AvI che. caturbhuja (I.sa. 1520 mAM hayAta)-bhAlaNanA putra tarIke manAtA eka caturbhujanI 'phrAgu' prakAranI 'bhramaragItA' jANavAmAM AvI che. kezavadAsa raherAma (I.sa. 1536 mAM hayAta)----seAraThamAM Avela prabhAsa pATaNanA vakSmIka kAyastha kaeNzavarAma raderAme bhAgavatanA dazamaskaMdhanI 40 vargomAM phALavelI AkhyAna kArDanI 'kRSNakrIDAkAvya' (sa. 1592-I.sa. 1536) nAmanI racanA che, jemAM eNe prasaMgavazAt 'vrajabhASA'mAM paNa kaDIe lakhI che. emAM Apela 'vasaMtavilAsa'vALA vaM gameLa zArdUlavikrIDita nRttamAM che. juganAtha (I.sa. 1543 mAM hayAta)-- I juganAthatI bhujaMgI chaMdanA cAlanI 'rAmASTaka' (zAke 1464-I.sa. 1543) nAmanI nAnI racanA maLI che.

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bhASA ane sAhitya - gaMgAdAsa (I.sa. 1543 mAM hayAta)-suratanA koI parvatasuta gaMgAdAsane lakSmIgaurIsaMvAda" (saM 1599-I.sa. 1543) kAvyalakSaNothI zobhato paNa chaMdamAM upalabdha che. nArAyaNa (I.sa.nI 16mI sadIno pUrvArdha)-keI nArAyaNane muktimaMjarI ane "bhaktimaMjarI" nAmaka saM. graMthane padyAnuvAda jANavAmAM AvyuM che. jJAnAcArya (I.sa. 16mI sadInA pUrvArdha)-prakhyAta kAzmIrI kavi bilpaNanI paMcAzikA'nA vikAsamAM koI jJAnAcAryanI be racanA "bilDaNa-paMcAzikA' ane zazikalA-paMcAzikA' epAImAM anUdita karelI jANavAmAM AvI che. anuvAnI bhASA samRddhi nedhapAtra che. zazikalAkAra (I.sa. 16mI sadIne pUrvArdha)-jJAnAcAryanI racanA pachI 'zazikalA' uparanI kaMI ajJAta kavinI jarA vistRta racanA jANavAmAM AvI che. vAsaNadAsa (I.sa. 1544 lagabhaga)- vAsaNadAsanI harinyuakSarA' (doharAmAM) ane "kRvaMdAvana-rAdhArAsa' (zArdUlavikrIDita vRttomAM) e be mahattvanI racanA che. pAchalI racanA kAvyaguNathI samRddha che. vajiyo (I.sa. 16mI sadInA madhyabhAga)--AkhyAna paddhatinI keDIe caDatA koI vajiyA nAmanA AkhyAnakAranI "raNajaga" (saM. yajJa) nAmanI jANavAmAM AvelI racanA pachathI suprasiddha AkhyAnakAra premAna danA "raNane preraNA ApanArI che e noMdhapAtra che. vajiyAe mahAbhAratamAM rane apAyelA cA evA rUpakanI paDakhe rAma-rAvaNa yuddhana e rUpaka ApyuM che. uddhava (I.sa. 16 mI sadIne uttarArdha)--bhAlaNanA putra uddhavanI ekamAtra prAmANika racanA "babruvAhana AkhyAna' che. enA nAme bAlakAMDathI yuddhakADa sudhIne rAmAyaNane AkhyAnarUpane sArAnuvAda prasiddha thayela che, paNa e enI racanA siddha thaI zakI nathI. viSNudAsa (I.sa. 16 mI sadInA uttarArdha)- uddhavanA kahevAtA rAmAyaNanA uttarakAMDane aMte bhAlaNa-suta viSNudAsanI chApa che; e uttarakAMDa to khaMbhAtanA rAmajana kuMvaranI racanA che, mAtra chellAM be kaDavAM ja viSNudAsanAM che premAvatIkAra (I.sa. 16 mI sadIne madhyabhAga)kaI ajJAtane eka laukika kathA "premAvatI' jANavAmAM AvI che.

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bata kaa sira bhAreTa (I.sa. 16mI sadInA madhyabhAga)--mAravADamAMthI AvelA manAtA ane lIMbaDImAM AvI vaselA Isara bAroTanI "harirasa nAmanI bhaktimaya racanA noMdhapAtra che. pAchaLathI kavi jAmanagaranA jAma rAvaLane darabAra jaI vasela. bhIma vaiSNava (I.sa. 16 mI sadIne madhyabhAga)-zuddhAdvaita-puSTimArganA saMsthApaka zrIvallabhAcArya mahAprabhujInA bIjA putra zrI viThThalanAtha gusAMIjInA ziSya bhImanI "rasagItA' "rasikagItA" ke "uddhavagItA' saMjJAthI jANItI racanA kRSNanA mathurAgamana pachI uddhava vrajamAM AvyA te prasaMganuM citraNa Ape che. madhusUdana vyAsa (I.sa. 1550 mAM hayAta) saMskRA subhASitAthI pitAnI racanAne samRddhi ApanAra madhusUdana vyAsanI haMsAvatI-vikramakumAracarita' nAmanI racanA (saM. 1606-I.sa 1550) eka namUnedAra laukika kathA che. herava (I.sa. 1553 mAM hayAta)-narasiMha mahetAnI "cAturI enI paDache eNhedevanI "bramaragItA" (saM. 16 09-I.sa. 1553) maLI che. sUradAsa (I.sa. 1555 mAM hayAta)-sUradAsa pralAdAkhyAna' (saM. 1611I.sa. 1555) ane "dhruvAkhyAna' tathA vAsu ane nAkaranI paDakhe "sagALapurI mathALe sagALazAnI laukika kathA Ape che. rAjadharadAsa (I.sa. 1565 mAM hayAta)-rAjadharadAsanI baMdhanI dRSTie viziSTa evI "caMdrahAsa AkhyAna" (saM. 16ra1-Isa 1565) nAmanI AkhyAnakati maLI che. mAMgu viSNudAsa (I.sa. 16mInI 3 jI pacIsI)--I viSNudAsa mAMgue varga-paddhatie khaMDa pADI jaiminIya azvamedhane saMkSepamAM rajU karyo che. vasta DeDiye (I.sa. 1568-2597 mAM hayAta)dhArALA kAmanA eka bhakta vaktA DeDiyAnuM ekamAtra "zukadeva- AkhyAna' jANavAmAM AvyuM che, je vIrasadane vatanI hatA. enI bIjI bhaktacaritrenI "sAdhucarita' nAmanI racanA che, jemAM narasiMha mIrAM vagerenAM carita cItaryA che.8 arabI-phArasI sAhitya itihAsalekhananI pravRtti bhAratamAM itihAsalekhananI kaLA sArasInI sAthe AvI hatI. dilhI saltanatamAM aMdhAdhuMdhI phelAI te pachI je prAdezika rAjya sthApita thayAM temanA itihAsa voche aMze e pradezamAM lakhAyA hatA. gujarAtanI saltanatanI sthApanA thaI te pachI e pradezamAM paNa e rIte ja banyuM hatuM. sulatAnanA

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bhASA ane sAhitya 3i35 samayamAM e samayanA itihAsenI racanA thaI hatI. nAjhimanA samayamAM Azraya ke urojananA abhAve evuM kaMI khAsa banyuM nahi, paraMtu I.sa. 15mI sadImAM AraMbhAyelI lekhananI pravRtti Isa 16mI sadI daramyAna e satanatanA aMta sudhI rahI hatI. emAM "mujhapharazAhI', halavI zIrAjhInI "tArIkhe ahamadazAhI', abdula husena nUnInI "maAsire mahamUdazAhI', zamsaddIna muhammada jhIraka athavA mullA abdulakarIma hamadAnInI "Asire mahamadazAhI', maulAnA abdula karImane "tabakAte mahamUdazAhI', phejhullAha bilAnI tArIkhe sadra jahAna" ke "tArIkhe mahamUdazAhI', zaraphuddIna bukhArInI tArIkhe salAtIne gujarAta" mIra saiyada alI kAzAnI tArIkhe mujhaphapharazAhI', hu sAmakhAna gujarAtInI tArIkhe bahAdurazAhI', zAyara mutIne 'gaMje maAnI" ane ArAmazAha kazmIrIne "tehaphAsUsAdata neMdhapAtra che.* A rIte jotAM A kAlanuM itihAsa sAhitya ghaNuM samRddha hatuM. AvA aneka ItihAsa-graMthe sulatAnonI siddhio varNavavAne lakhAyA hatA, paraMtu mAtra thoDA vinAzamAMthI bacelA maLe che. emAMnA keTalAka te pachInA anya graMthemAM AdhAra ke avataraNarUpe ja keTalAka aMze sacavAyelA che. e badhA itihAsa amaladAe lakhyA hoya ke anya I bIjAoe, chatAM bheTasogAdanI AzAe moTe bhAge sulatAnanI IcchAnusAranA heIne emanA vicArone paDagho pADe che. emAM zAhI ThATha ane zAnazaukatano hevAla rajU karela hoya che. AzrayadAtAone khuza karavAne emanAM sArAM kRtyone atizayoktithI varNavelAM hoya che ane emanA deza ane durguNa upara DhAMkapichoDo karela hoya che. Ama thavAthI sArI vAto vikRta thayelI hoya che, geramuslimo pratye akAraNa doSa ane aNagamo jaNAya evuM paNa thayeluM che. AthI aitihAsika daSTibiMdune hAni pahoMcelI che. e sarva enI kSatio che. AthI arvAcIna jamAnAnA saMzodhakoe emAMthI hakIkato cALI laI emano upayoga karavAnI AvazyakatA rahe che. emAM eka bAbata lakhANavA yogya e hoya che ke emAM sAlavArI tathA keTalIka vAra te pratyakSa anubhavonA AdhAre ApelAM varNanone laIne AnupUrvInA anumAnane badale vigata nizcitatAnI kaTimAM AvI gayelI hoya che. kArasI zAyarI A kAlamAM phArasInuM viziSTa sthAna hatuM. zAyaro pitAnA AzrayadAtAone e bhASAmAM kasIdA (prazastikAvya) lakhI khuza karatA rahetA hatA. keTalAka

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332| satata phAta * sulatAne paDe vidvAna hatA te phrasImAM kAvyaracanA karavAnI zakti paNa dharAvatA hatA; jemake sulatAna ahamadazAha kAvya racI zakateA hateA. enA AmatraNane laIne peAtAnA mULa sthAna aNahilavADa pATaNathI mahAna saphI saiyada burahAnuddIna abu muhammada abdullAha mukhATI sADvI (mR. Isa. 1952) amadAvAda AvyA tyAre sulatAne peAtAnA racelA kasIdA eka zAyaranI adAthI. UbhA rahIne gAIne emane AvakAryA hatA. etI malA (prathama kaDI) A hatI : " kutbe jhamAnae mA burahAna basa asta mArA, - burahAne U hamIzaha cUM nAmaza AzukArA. 40 amArA yugane kutba (eTale ke dhruvane! tArA) (amArA) burahAna (amAre mATe kAphI purAve!) che. e emanA nAmanI peThe haMmezAM spaSTa pramANa che, sulatAna mujhaphpharazAha 2 jA(valIma)ne paNa phArasI zAyarInI racanAmAM dilacaspI hatI. e bAbatamAM ema kahevAya che ke munnA amUtra nAme ene eka sAthe dAra zAyara hatA ane mazadUra vidvAna hatA. ene akIzu khAvAnI lata paDI gaI hatI.. eNe enI tArIph nIcenI zerImAM karI hatI : "bukhora aya khAjaha ja 'e ariyUna kehu mudrita bavakta bAzada ulamA rA muno siba asta ariyUna, ilana bAyada keha bA amala bArAha / 4 1 ehu khAjA ! jarA aphINa khAe ke jethI e samaya upara zakti Ape, Alema phAjela loko mATe aphINa khAvu' yeAgya che, (paraMtu) ilma (jJAna) sAthe amala (vyavahAra) Avazyaka che. A vAta sulatAnane keAIe pahAMcADI. e sAMbhaLI sulatAna harayA ane kahyu ke mullAe leAkAne aphINa khAvAne ke vA mATe e zera racI nathI, 'bukhAra' arthAt 'khAe' lakhavAmAM lakhanAranI bhUla thayelI che. e mULa tA.'makhAra' (na khA) hatuM.. Ama prathama zabdane prathama akSara badalI eNe TIkArUpe kahyuM ke mullAe tA aphINanI latane vakhADI kADhI hatI. AveA hAjarajavAba vinAda karI kA tyAM hatA temane eNe Azraya cakita karI nAkhyA. AvA gujarAtanA sulatAneA hatA ane emanA darabAramAM zAyare ane vidyAnA hatA, ane emane uttama AzarA mApatA hatA; jemake sulatAna ahamadazAhanA

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ja mu] bhASA ane sAhitya darabArI itihAsanedhaka halavI zIrAjhI kuzaLa zAyara hato ane eNe "tArIkhe ahamadazAhI' mamnavI prakAranA kAvyamAM lakhI hatI. A abulakAsima urpha muhammada sima nAmanA lekhake mirakAkula vasUla' (prAptinuM pAna) nAmaka graMthamAM hajharata zekha ahamada khaTTa (mRI.sa. 1445) nAmanA mahAna sUphInuM jIvanacarita lakheluM che eNe emanA kathanane saMgraha emAM karelo che emAMthI jaNavA maLe che ke e saMta anya zAyaranI suMdara zera gAtA hatA, eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu e pote paNa arabI phArasI temaja gujarAtImAM zero racatA hatA. majakUra graMthamAM emanA arabI zere, phArasI rubAIo ane gujarAtI (dehA) che. - saiyada usamAna 42 (mR. sa. 1458) je zamUe burahAnI eTale ke mahAna sUkI royada burahAnuddIna kube AlamanI zamA-mINabattI kahevAtA hatA. emane kaMTha madhura hato. tethI emanA soharavadiyA phirakAnA siddhAMtonA prasAra mATe emanI pasaMdagI karavAmAM AvI hatI. e zAyara paNa hatA ane "usamAna' takhallusathI phArasImAM suMdara gajhala racatA hatA. majakura "tArIkhe mahamUdazAhIne kartA phejhalAha birabAnI enI majamadAnavAdIra" (adbhuta vastuone saMgraha)nA dIdhAcAmAM lakhe che ke eNe daLadAra graMtha uparAMta arabI temaja phArasImAM gadya temaja padamAM pustikAo lakhI hatI.43 saiyada alekhana, 44 jene sulatAna mahamUdazAha begaDAe ajhIjhulumulka zerakhAna sulatAnI nAmanA anAra sAthe hariyAra sAmauddInane nasiyata karavA mokalyo hato te, eka zAhI kakSAne zAyara hato. eNe bhAratamAM mazahUra zAyara amIra khusaronA mazahUra kasIda (prazastikAvya) baddalUabAra" (saMtapuruSone samudra)nuM anukaraNa karIne eka suMdara kasIdo racyo hate. A uparAMta AvA bIjA aneka zAyare a kAkAmAM thayA hatA, paraMtu teo paikIne eke evo na hato ke jene phArasI bhASAne ucca koTino zAyara gaNI zakAya. arabI-phArasI sAhityamAM sUphIoe Apela phaLa sulatAnonA zAsana daramyAna gujarAtamAM je arabI ane phArasI sAhitya sarjAyuM hatuM tene mATe bhAga sUphIoe ra hato. teo pavitra hatA ane vidvAna hatA. sulatAno ilAmanA pracAra arthe emane Arthika sahAya karatA hatA. citiyA saTTaravardiyA zattA rayA macibiyA jevA phirakAonA suphIo

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4) bhAvanA che mi. mATe gujarAta e jamAnAmAM gya kAryakSetra banI gayuM hatu. aNahilavADa pATaNa ane amadAvAdamAM musalamAnonI vastInuM pramANa vizeSa hevAnA kAraNe teo viraSa karIne tyAM rahetA hatA. emanA pUrva ke arabastAnanAM ke IrAnanA mULa vatanI hatA ane majahabanI bhASA arabI hovAthI teo ene abhyAsa karatA hatA ane enI mAraphata jJAnaprApti karatA hatA. temAMnA keTalAka IrAnI hatA ane phArasI daphatarI ane darabArI bhASA hovAthI teomAMnA keTalAka phArasImAM paNa niSNAta hatA ane emAM paNa emaNe pustako racyAM hatAM. evA paikImAM sauthI vizeSa mazahUra, jemane ulekha zAyara tarIke AgaLa AvI gayo che te, zekha ahamada khaTTa5 majhibIja gaMjabakSa7 (mR. I.sa. 1445) hatA. e sulatAna ahamadazAnA majahabI bAbato mATenA salAhakAra hatA. 'IrzAdula tAlibInaja8 (zodhakone sUcanA) nAmaka phArasI pustakamAM emaNe cauda sUphI phirakAone itihAsa Apelo che ane "risAlae ahamadiyA'(ahamadanI pustikA)mAM maribI phirakAnA mukhya saMte vize carcA karelI che. e bIjuM pustaka sulatAna ahamadazAhane eNe arpaNa kareluM hovAthI "risAlae ahamadiyA (ahamadane racele) evuM enuM nAma eNe ApeluM che. bhAratamAM eka samaya evo hato, jyAre muslima AlamanA phAjala lekamAM pAka kurAnane paradezI bhASAomAM tarajumo thaI zake ke nahi evo vivAda cAlyo hatA.49 amadAvAdanA vAyavya khUNAmAM naveka ki.mI.nA aMtara upara AvelA sarakhejamAM A sUphIne rojAmAM pAka kurAnanI tarajumA ane keTalIka jagyAe bhASya sAthenI nakala che, je vize lokavAyakA evI che ke e hajarata zekhe tayAra karelI, emanA pitAnA hastAkSaranI, che."* zekha mahamUda Iracha (ma. I.sa. 1458), je zekha pIra" nAmathI paNa oLakhAtA hatA te, zekha ahamada khadanA bhAvika murIda hatA. emaNe emanA taiphatulamajalisa (majalisone bheTa)mAM emanA para hajarata zekhanA mRtyu sudhInAM rojiMdAM kathane ane emanA jIvananA pAchalA bhAgamAM emanA thayelA camatkAra sAdI ane saraLa bhASAmAM seMdhAyelAM che. gujarAtamAM je prakAranI phArasI e samaye belAtI hatI tene e graMtha suMdara namUno che. agAu jemane ullekha AvI gayA che te hajarata sauyada burahAnuddIna abU muhammada bukhArI sadaravada urphe kube Alame (mR. I.sa. 1452) aneka graMtha lakhyA hatA. e paikIne emane 'mahamatAnAmae burahAnapara (burahAna sahIne

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bhASA ane sAhitya thi kRpA graMtha) nAmaka daLadAra graMtha che. emAM emaNe sUphImata vizenA AMTIghUMTIvALA phUTa praznonI bAbata sApha ane saraLa bhASAmAM samajAvelI che. rauyada muhammadazAhe Alama (ma. I.sa 1475) eka mahAna sUphI hatA. sulatAna mahamUdazAha begaDo bALaka hato tyAre emaNe enA dudhabhAI sulatAna kubuddInanI herAnagatimAMthI ene bacAvI enI saMbhALa potAnI AdhyAtmika zaktithI rAkhI hatI. e prakhara vidvAna hatA. emaNe risAla muhammadiyA (muhammadana rasAle) ane "taharatulaoliyA (oliyAone bheTa) vagere aneka rasAlA phArasImAM lakhyA hatA. saiyada ahamada jalAnazAha (mR. I.sa. 1494) soharavardiyA phirakAnA sUphI hatA ane majakUra rauyada burahAnuddIna kube AlamanA bhASika murIda hatA. emanI khAnakAha aNahilavADa pATaNamAM hatI. e vidvAna hatA ane phArasImAM "saphInag-. ansAla (vaMzAvaLIonuM pustaka) ane dastUre khilAphata phI abade mazAkha55 (zekhane sAhityamAM khilAphatane siddhAMta) jevAM aneka pustaka emaNe lakhyAM hatAM. zekha jamAluddIna uphe jamana (mR. I.sa. 1533)56 citiyA phirakAnA sUphI hatA. emanI khAnakAhanI madresAmAM e zikSaNakArya karatA hatA. emaNe vividha viSaya upara aneka pustaka racyAM hatAM. teo paikInA eka risAla mujhAkirA (carcAne rasAlA) majahaba upara eka mahatvanI pustikA che. emAM emaNe saraLa bhASAmAM IslAmanA mukhya siddhAMta samajAvavAnA prayatna karelA che. e zAyara paNa hatA ane jammana' takhalusathI gajhala lakhatA hatA. alAuddIna atA mahammada (mR. I.sa. 1578-79), jene sulatAna bahAdura zAhanI zahenazAha humAyUnA hAthe hAra thaI, temane porTugIjhoe keda karyA hatA, je pite mahAna kaTa uThAvanArA ane Idriyadamana karanArA araba sUphI zAyara IbuphArida57 (mR. I.sa. 1935)nI zailImAM arabI zAyarI racatA hatA. emanI ujUbAtujhamAna" (jamAnAnI ajAyabIo) ane "nAdiradaurAna' (yugonI ajAyabI) nAmaka be dIvAne mazahUra che. IsiyA rikAnA sthApaka saiyada abdullAha IsanA putra saiyada zekhapa8 (mR. I.sa. 1583) arabI zAyara hatA ane emaNe eka dIvAna racI hatI e arabInA eka mahAna lekhaka hatA. emaNe lakhelA aneka graMthomAM to tumurIda" (murIdane bheTa) "sirAjadUta tauhIda' advaitavAdane dIpaka, kAIkutU tauhIda' (ae vAdanI hakIkata), "naphahAnubhUhikama' vagere majahabane lagatA viSaya upara che.

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31] - sahatanata kAla pi. * saiyada ahamada, je zekha vajIhuddIna ahamada alI (mR. I.sa. 158959 nAmathI jANItA che te, zattAriyA phirakAnA sUphI hatA. e mahAna vidvAna hatA. eNe eka masAnI sthApanA karI hatI ane emAM zikSaNakArya paNa e karatA hatA. zIkhavavAnA kAmamAMthI phArega thatAM bAkIno samaya e pustakA racavAmAM gALatA hatA. emanAM moTA bhAganAM pustaka arabI bhASAmAM che. emaNe lakhela adhUrAda va maalmAte hajharata allAmAM zAha vajahuddIna alvI" (alAmAM zAha vahuddIna alvInI prArthanAo ane jANakArIe) phArasImAM che ane emAM emanA murAda mATe nItinA upadeza che. e zAyara paNa hatA ane "vajalI' takhallusathI zAyarI paNa karatA hatA. anya sAhitya gujarAtanA sulatAnonI udAratAnI pratiSThA muslima dezomAM bhAre hatI. enAthI AkarSAIne yamana hijAjha mi para ane IrAnathI aneka vidvAno gujarAtamAM AvyA hatA ane kiMmatI bheTa sogAdo meLavI hatI. , zIrAjhanA Inu jArI nAmanA eka AlephAla zakhase najIba zApheIne sulatAna ahamadazAhane potAne "alahasIna" (priya darzana) nAmaka arabI graMtha bheTa sogAda tarIke bApavA mokalyo hato. sula zAna mahamUdazAha begaDAne arabI pustakono phArasImAM rajU karAvavAno ghaNo zokha hato. che tethI eNe e pustakane tarajUmo bharUcanA abubakra pAsethI phArasImAM karAvyo hato. enA samayama Ine khalekAnane mazahUra muslimonAM jIvanacaritrano arabIne phArasImAM tarajUme yUsupha Ibda ahamade karyA hatA, jenuM nAma eNe majhAruInsAna (manuSyanI jhiyAratanuM sthAna) ApyuM hatuM. e ja pramANe Ine IyAdanI kitAbu zaphAM(rogamuktinuM pustakono tarajUme phArasImAM inna alaphaza karyo hato. sulatAnane na te dharmo ageno khAsa abhyAsa hato ane na te kaI anya jJAna upara prabhutva hatuM chatAM dharma aMgenI bAbatamAM enI dilacaspI upara prakAza phekatA banAvenA 3lekho tarajamAnA pAThamAM karelA che. phejhullAha bikhAnI, jeno ullekha "tArIkhe mahamUdazAhInA kartA tarIke agAu AvI gayo che, tenI "majamauna navAdiramAM 4 prakaraNa che. enA dIbAcAmAM kartAe jaNAvyuM che ke mArA paradAdA saduddIne pAka kurAnanuM bhASya ane aneka pustaka arabImAM lakhyAM hatAM ane mArA dAdAnA bhAI pitkAje alabukhArI ane muslimanA hadIsa-saMgraha upara bhASya lakhIne hadIsa-zAstrane gujarAtamAM lekabhAgya banAvyuM hatuM. minhAe lagabhaga 80 jeTalAM pustaka paNa

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11 su'] bhASA ane sAhitya [130 lakhyAM hatAM, emAMnAM dhaNAMkharAM sulatAnanA pharamAnathI eNe racyAM hatAM. phajhalullAhe 'majaun nAdira' uparAMta 'dasturu huphphAjha' (hAoinI dastUra) ane 'khulAsitul ThikAyata' ( hikAyate|ne khulAsA) paNa lakhyAM hatAM. nematullAhe e ja mulatAna mahamUdazAha begaDAnA zAsana daramyAna 'uyUnurazaraa' ( zarIatanAM jharaNAM ) lakhI hatI. ahIM hulamukhArInA 'hadIsa'-graMtha upara aneka bhASya lakhAyAM hatAM. e paikI Ibna hajara akalAnInuM sauthI vizeSa pracalita bhASya 'rhula la khArI 'nI sau prathama nakala mAMDUnA rasaiyada alIkhAna khAsa nahare sulatAna mujhaphUMphpharazAha 2 jAne bheTa ApI tyAre enI kadara tarIke ene bharUcanA hAkema nImyA hatA. zarUAtamAM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che tema jhimenA samayamAM keI viziSTa sAhitya sarjAyuM na hatuM, enuM kAraNa e hatuM ke tee vidvAnane Azraya ApI zake evI sthitimAM na hatA athavA sattA mATenI sAThamArI haMmezAM cAlatI rahI hatI tethI evA zAMtinA saMjoga paNa evAM kAryo mATe upalabdha thayA na hatA. mAtra e dAkhalA maLe che ke sulatAna phIrojhazAha tulukanA samayanA nAyaba nAjhima zammudIna abU rajA ibrAhIma bina hasana sa gItane uttejana ApavAmAM rasa dharAvatA hatA. yuniyatulamuniyA' evA aTapaTA nAmanuM pustaka bhAratIya sAmagrI upara AdhArita enA samayamAM racAyu' hatuM. e agAu sa gItazAstrA upara eka arabI pustaka 'pharIdur jhAna phrI marikRtilU ahvAna (sUreAnA jJAna AbatamAM jamAnAmAM ajoDa)ne anuvAda phArasImAM kAI eka amIre nAjhimAnA kAlamAM karAvyo hate.60 bhAratamAM +-ArasI sAhityanI viziSTatAe paikInI eka kAzacanAzAstra'ne vikAsa che. gujarAtamAM AvelA kaDI jevA nAnakaDA sthaLanA vatanI krujhabuddIna muhammada bina kivAme I.sa 1434mAM'baherUla phjhAIla'(sastuone sAgara) nAmanA zabdaSkAzanI racanA karI hatI, e gujarAte phArasI sAhatyakSetre ApelA fALAmAM vRddhi kare che. e ja lekhake nijhAmI gajavI( mR. I.sa. 1203)nA 'makhkhanula bhAra'(bhedAneA khanane) nAmaka stavanuM bhASya phArasImAM lakhyuM hatuM. e sUphI mata upara eka AdhArabhUta pustaka lekhAya che. TUMko, A kAlamAM sulatAneA phArasI zAyarInI racanAmAM ghaNI dilacaspI letA hatA chatAM eke khyAtanAma zAyara thayA na hateA, majaba ane tasavvuphanA viSayA upara puSkaLa sAhitya sarjAyuM hatuM, jemAM 'kurAne zarIpha'nA alaga sUrAe ane hajharata pegabara muhammadanI hadIsA upara bhASya, vividha phirakAnA nadUra sUphIonAM jIvanacaritA, sa MgIta, akhI vyAkaraNa vagere viye:ne samAveza thAya che. 4-5-22

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A sahanata kA bad (pra. pATIpa 1. ke. kA. zAstrI, vAgvibhava', 5. 1 2. ke. kA. zAstrI, gujarAtI bhASAne vikAsa ane arvAcIna gujarAtI bhASAnuM | svarUpa', pR 86 3. ke. kA. zAstrI, vasaMtavilAsa'. pR. 37 (kaDI 34, 40, 1) 4. ke. kA. zAstrI, "ApaNuM kavio', pR. 358-366 5. ke. kA. zAstrI, "bhAlaNa eka adhyayana', 5. 70-71 5. N. B. Divetia, Wilson Philological Lectures, Vol. II, pp. 129-132 7. ke. kA. zAstrI, "ApaNuM kavio', pR. 90 8. ela.pI. te smitAri, jUnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI' (gu. anuvAda ke. kA. zAstrI), 5.7. 9. ke. kA. zAstrI, gujarAtI bhASAne vikAsa ane arvAcIna gujarAtI bhASAnuM svarUpa', pR. 86 10. ela. pI. tesiri, uparyukta, pR. 25 11. ke. kA. zAstrI, bhAlaNa: eka adhyayana', pR. 80-91 12. juo mAra nArI, vidhipvA prAstAvika, "ninAmamUriyA saMkSita nIvaritra', pR. 1-2. 13, juo . che. zAdu, jaina sAhitya vRtiddAsa', mA. ', pR. 17. " jArAvAryakrayA-saMgha', 3ota, 6. 12 15. , . 12-12 16. 'nAmi ninodvAra ', kartava pa 17. jana sAhitya saMzodhaka, 1922, khaMDa 2, aMka 3-4 mAM A kRti chapAyelI che, 18. vaizeSika sUtro upara prazastakadeve bhASya rahyuM ane enA upara vyomazivAcA 'mavatI' nAmanI TIkA, udayanAcAryuM 'kiraNAvelI TIkA ane vatsAcArye lIlAvatI' TIkA racI che. 19. zrI. harilAla harSada dave mugdhAvadha auktika saMpAdita karI sane 1889 mAM | svIDanamAM bharAyelI oriyenTala konpharansa dvArA prakAzita karI che. 20. 'hammIra mahAkAvya', sarga 15, zloka 24 . putrana, 10, roja 22 22. ba. 9. zAda, 3 , mo. : 1. 182-83

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11) bhASA ane sAhitya 23. A "chasorA" upara razekharasUrinA saMtAnIya bhaTTAraka rAjarAnasUrie ane 17mI sadInA caMdrakIrtisUrie TIkAo racI che. amArartisUrie vasAvavo. paNa rame che. 24. UnastotrasaMroda', mA. 2, 9tA. 9. us 25. somanAtha-%a', a 7. mAro kara 26. vidvitriI , . 6-63 ra7. sonamA-Agya', sa 10, % 41 28. gurukuLAtkAra - vya", e 1, mAM 10-108 29. chagana. sa 1, bhoja 110. 30. . 9. rAda, varNA , mA. . . 2-3 31. sarga 4, zloka 12 32. somanAtha-jAvya rasa 10, boja 47 33. juo agaracaMdajI nAhaTA, ustAralAyaMtra saMbaMdhI eka mahatavapUjana graMtha, nasiddhAMta bhAskara", bhA. 18, ki. 2, pR. 19-126 34. mo. da. desAI, jena sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa', pR. 517 35. juo devabhUti prakaraNa ane rUpamaMDana', prastAvanA, pR. 1-4. 36. caM. che. sAdu. paryu, 1 rU7 37. jJana, . 63 38. ke. kA. zAstrI, kavicarita' (2 jI AvRtti), pR. 1 thI 323: "abdura rahemAnathI "vauM DoDiyAM sudhI ane ke. kA. zAstrI, narasiMha mahetAnA AdhAre. 39. juo upara pR. 36. 40. alI muhammadakhAna, 'khAtimae niraAte ahamadI', pR. 26-27 41. sikaMdara bina muhammada urpha manjuhU, bar3odA, pR. 222 42. amadAvAdamAM usmAnapurAmAM enI kabara che. 83. Muhammed Ibrahim Dar, Literary and Cultural Activities in Gujarat, p. 59 44. keTalAka graMmAM enuM nAma "AsaphakhAna" che. 5. e "baTa kahevAtA, kAraNa ke ajamera pAse AvelA khaTramAM e emanA pIra zekha bAbA isTApha sAthe siddhi mAMTe murIda tarIke rahyA hatA.

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340 ] [..] 46. e magribI phikAnAM suphI hatA e uparathI. 47. e svabhAve ati udAra hatA tethI ga jabakSa' eTale ke 'bhaMDAranI bakSisa karanAra kahevAtA hatA. saltanata phAya 48. hajharata pIra muhammadazAha daragAhanA kitAbakhA! (amadAvAda)mAM enI eka nakala che 49, Muhammad Ibrahim Dar, op, cit,, p. 61 50. A graMthanA mATeA bhAga mULa che; mAtra ceDAM AgaLa-pAchaLanAM pAnAM pAchaLathI lakhIne mUkavAmAM AvelAM che. 51 alI muhammadakhAna khAtimae miruAte ahamadI, pR. 34 52. enI eka nakala saucada muhammada zAheAlama seravI bukhArInA vamAna sajAdAnazIna saiyada mUsA miyAM imAma haidara khakSanA aMgata ciMtAbakhAnAmAM che. 53. 'nijJAte sirI', 3. 6-66 (vaDuM, di sa. 1308) 54. annura 23gA, 'manAviye taiyar amaDha JajJAnazAhaiM' (T17) 55. aNahilavADa pATaNanA saiyada pyAre sAheba gulAma muhammada jahAnazAha, je e. suphInA va'zaja che, temanI pAse e baMne gra MtheAnI hastaprata che. 56. mauchAnA hArIlAna, 'manAvi jJAptipriyA', pR. 27 (ArasI, si. 1301) 57. alI muhammadakhAna, 'khAtimae mirUAte ahamadI', pR. 69 58. 'anUsAra ', pR. 372 59. Philip K. Hitti, History of Arabs, p. 436 60. Forbes, Rasamala, Vol. II, P, 263

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prakaraNa 12 lipi gujarAtamAM muslima saltanatanA pachI traNa varSanA gALAmAM nAgarI ane arabI lipiomAM lakhAyelAM lakhANa maLyAM che. gujarAtI lipine ubhA A kAlanA a ta samayamAM thayo hato. 1. nAgarI lipi A samayathI tAmale java maLe chekhAsa karIne devAlayo ane masjida nI dIvAlo paranA lekhe, pALiyA paranA lekhe tathA paththara ke dhAtunI pratimAo paranA lekho vipula pramANamAM maLyA che. pratimAlekhane bAda karatAM lagabhaga 300 - jeTalA zilAlekha upalabdha thayA che. A lekhe mukhyatve nAgarI lipimAM lakhAyA che. majidenA lekha bahudhA arabI lipimAM lakhAyelA che. kayAreka masjidalekho arabInI sAthe sAthe nAgarI ema ubhaya lipiomAM paNa lakhAyA che. A abhilekhika sAmagrI A samayanI lipione paricaya meLavavAmAM ghaNe aMze sahAyabhUta thAya che. uparAMta hastaprata paNa A aMge ghaNI upayogI che. A samaye tADapatra para lakhAyelI pratonI apekSAe kAgaLa para lakhAyelI prato vizeSa pramANamAM prApta thAya che. moTA bhAganI hastaprato jena zailIe lakhAI che. chatAM keTalIka prati jainetara lahiyAonI lakhelI paNa upalabdha che. jainetara lahiyAoe pracalita nAgarI lipine potAnAM lakhANomAM upayoga karyo che, AthI jainetara prata ane abhilekhonA AdhAre tatkAlIna gujarAta-vyApI nAgarI lipinuM sAmAnya svarUpa saraLa rIte jANuM zakAya che, tevI rIte jaina pratimAM prayojAtuM nAgarI lipinuM viziSTa varUpa paNa jANavA maLe che. nAgarI lipinuM satanatakAlIna svarUpa pada 1 mAM darzAvavAmAM AvyuM che, jemAMnAM pahelAM traNa khAnAomAM anukrame 14mI, 15 mI ane 16 mI sadI(I sa. 1572 sudhI)nA abhilekhonAM prayojAyelA varSonA maraDa goThavyA che,

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342 ] 134. jyAre ceAthA khAnAmAM jainettara hastapratAmAM ane pAMcamA khAtAmAM jaina hastaprate mAM prayAjAyelA varganA maDa geAvyA che. sAnata phAya sata ta kAla daramyAna nAgarInA 46 varNa pratyeAjAyelA maLe che, jeema 11 svare (tra, A, haiM, , 3, 3, 6, 6. chaeN, moM, au), 2 aye gavAha (anusvAra ane visaga ), 25 spA vacce (, la, na, 6, 3. ca chaeN, ga, sa, kA, 3, 4, 3, ha, La, ta, ca, 3, dha, ta, 4, . maiM, ma, ma), 4 aMta::2 (2, 3, 4, 1) ane 4 uSmA, Sa, sa, haiM) 5 sanaveza kArya che, lipinA vargonAM keTalAMka raMdhAtra kSaNa nIce pramANe tAravI zakAya : (1) A samaye ghaNA varSo taMtrenA vikAsanI adyatana nAgarI asthAnA nyA che. AmAMnA keTalAka vAMnA vikAJa caulukaya kAla damyAna thayuM hatuM, jyAre bIjA keTalAkanA vikAsa AkAla daramyAna thayA che. 6, uM, che, , 2, cha, ga, tha, dha, hradya ane haiM ahIM pUrNa vikAsa kAmyA che / varNonAM vikasita svarUpAnI sAtheApAtha teonAM agAunAM svarUpa paNu kayAMka kayAMka prayAjakhAvAM ca lu rahyuM che; jemake pahelA khAna nA chaeN, jJa nA bIjA khA ne pahelA mareDa ane trIjA khAnAne bAjo mareDa vageremAM, A kAlamAM , 6, o, gau, jJa ane mate pA~cIta svarUpa prApta thavAne thADI vAra hAvAnuM jaNAya che. (2) agAu te matha je zirekhA prayAAtI na hatI, paNa have te mathALe zirekhA thavA lAgI che ane 6. ne nathaLe agAu kavacita ja dekhA detI zirekhA ahI nizciMta banI che, agAu 3, 7, ga, 3, 4, 3, 4, tA, haiM, na, 2, ru, haiM ane haiM jevA eka UbhI rekhA vaLI TAya dharAvatA vaNAMne bahudhA zirerekha ne jamaNe cheDe laTakAvavAmAM AtA. ahI paNa A lakSaGga jovA maLe che, paraMtu agAunI apekSAe enuM pramALu dharyu che. have A vargane rizarekhAnA jaSNu daMDAthI saheja DAbI bAjue laTakAvavAnI prakRtti vadhavA lAge che, zikhAte vikAsa paNa thayele jovA maLe che. (3) A, A, rU, rUM, 6, jJa, na, maiM ane " nAM agAu mevaDAM svarUpta prayeAjAtAM hAM, emanAM haiM, maiM ane nAM jUnAM vaikalpika svarUpane aDI lApa thayA che, bAkIna' varNanAM bevaDAM svarUpa cAlu rahyAM jaNAya che. A samaye nA vaikalpika svarUpA mere! thayA che, je khAsa karate jaina durUpratemAM prApta thAya che.

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12 muM ! lipa [343 varNonAM bevaDAM svarUpomAM marAThI nagarI (bALabedha) moDa praye javAnuM pramANa agAunI apekSAe vadhyuM che. dA.ta, mAM bALabodha maraDa ( vadhAre pramANamAM prajAvA lAge che, chatAM ekaMdare A varSonA uttara bhAratanI devanAgarInA moDa vizeSa prayojAyA che, jemake , 9 ane rAnA mareDa. (4) ao ane mo mATe svataMtra cihno prajAvA cAlu rahyAM che. (5) , ma ane nA mareDamAM DAbI bAjune vRttAkAra, have kyAMka kyAMka pile rakhAvA lAgyo che. (6) jAne tUTaka maroDa 15 mI sadIthI jaina temaja jainetara hastapratamAM ane 16 mI sadIthI hastaprato ane abhilekhomAM sarvatra prayojAvA lAge che. gujarAtamAM prajAtI nAgarI lipinuM A AganuM lakSaNa gaNuya. jaina nAgarImAM A lakSaNa te adyaparyata cAlu che. ne A maroDa varNanA gujarAtI svarUpanuM araNa karAve che. jUno A prAdezika gujarAtI "la maroDa 15mI sadIthI ghaDAvo zarU tha hevAnuM sUcana kare che. AvAM sAmAnya lakSaNa dharAvatA A varSomAM keTalAka varNa viziSTa lakSaNe paNa dharAve che, je tenA vikAsa ane pracAranI dRSTie noMdhapAtra che. AvA varNo mAM 3, DuM, , , , , je, gha, ca, cha, tha, ma, 4 ane dune khAsa gaNAvI zakAya. vargonI mAphaka aMtargata svaracihnone paNa A samaye vikAsa thato rahyo che ane e teonA arvAcIna svarUpanI lagolaga AvI pahoMcyo che. teonI joDANa-paddhati bahudhA arvAcIna prakAranI banI che, ema chatAM emAM keTalIka noMdhapAtra likSaNatAe paNa najare paDe cheH - (1) aMtargata , che, , ane temanAM svaracihnomAM paDimAtrA prayojavAnuM valaNa vyApaka banyuM jaNAya che. (2) aMtargata gA ane ghanI (paDImAtrAvALI) UbhI rekhAne varNanI zirekhA mAtra sparzatI ja hoya che, chedatI nathI; jemake , , , hai, jo ane taunA maroDa. (3) aMtargata 6 ane aMtargata nA svaracihna sAthe zirorekhA laMbAvIne joDavAnI paddhati kyAMka kyAMka prayojAya che; dA.ta., ri; paraMtu mukhyatve e binajoDAyelI rahe che, jemake ni ane grIna mareDa. (4) agAunI mAphaka ja ane te sAthe aMtargata 3 ane aMtargata nuM svaracihna prayojatI vakhate teonI DAbI bAjunA vRttAkAra ramavayavane nAnI ADI rekhA ravarUpe prayojavAmAM Ave che, jethI aMtargata cihna ane varNanA avayava vacce

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344] sanata kAla sparza thaIne UbhA thatA AkAra-mane nivArI zakAya. AvI rIte jyAM jyAM aMtargata svara cihno joDatI vakhate AkArazrama thavAnI zakyatA hoya tyAM tyAM keTalIka chUTachATa laIne paNa e muzkelI nivAravA prayatna thayo che; dAtA, dhImAM paDimAtrAne joDatAM pahelAM dhanI DAbI Tace nAnI ADI rekhA umerI che. satatakAlIna vaNe ane aMtargata svaracine lagabhaga arvAcIna nAgarI svarUpane pAmyAM che, jyAre saMyukta vyaMjanomAM arvAcIna svarUpanuM pramANa vadhyuM hovA chatAM paNa haju ghaNuM saMyukta vyaMjana agAunI paddhatie prajAtA rahyA che. varSonA vikasita maroDa sAthe parasparane joDavAmAM AkAra-prakAranI muzkelIo naDatI heI saMyukta vyaMjanonA vikAsanI prakriyA dhImI rahe che. A hakIkata dhyAnamAM rAkhIne A kAlanA saMyukta vyaMjananuM svarUpa tapAsatAM teonAM keTalAMka tarI AvatAM lakSaNa prApta thAya che : (1) emAM vyaMjananI nIce vyaMjana sIdho ubhe jaDavAnI paddhati A kAlamAM paNa vyApakapaNe cAlu rahelI jaNAya che; jemake zi, vA, ta, varga, junA maroDa. (2) vyaMjananI jamaNI bAjue vyaMjana joDavAnI paddhatine pracAra agAunI apekSAe vadhyo che. A paddhatie projAyelA saMyukta vyaMjanamAM pUrva vyaMjananI jamaNa rekhA ane uttara vyaMjananI DAbI rekhA ekAkAra banatAM saMyukta vyaMjana pUrva-pazcima (arvAcIna) sthitinA bane che; dA.ta. ca ane ghanA maroDa. camAM nanuM kada nI apekSAe ghaNuM nAnuM kareluM jaNAya che. (3) agAunI mAphaka pUrva vyaMjana tarIke joDAtA ja ane tenA DAbA geLa avayava bahughA nAnI ADI rekhA svarUpe prayojAya che, jemake ji ane ttanA maroDa. (4) agAu saMyukta vyaMjanomAM kayAMka kayAMka prayojAto ane dUkanA AkArane bhareDa have bilakula lupta thayo che ane ene sthAne ene vikasita bhareDa prajA che, dA.ta, ca ane sUnA maroDa. (5) A samaye paNa keTalAka vargonA maroDa saMkula heIne ke ekabIjAnI sAthe joDAtAM vikasita ane agAunA maroDanuM saMyojana thavAthI ke pUrva vyaMjananI sAthe uttara vyaMjana joDatI vakhate lIdhelI chUTachATane laIne keTalAka saMyukta vyaMjana vilakSaNa ane kyAreka pArakhavAmAM muzkela banyA che, dA.ta. ma, nna ane junA maraDa. saMketacihnomAM anusvAra ane visa e ayogavAha sUcavatAM cihna biMdu ane pilA mIMDAnA svarUpe prayojAya che, visargamAM kyAreka nAnI UbhI rekhAne paNa prayoga thayo che; dA.ta. zrI ne maroDa. vyaMjananuM halatapaNe darzAvavA mATe akSara nI nIce umerAtuM cihna vyaMjananI nIce trAsI (vAyavya-agni) rekhA umerIne sUcavAya che ane DAbe cheDe gAMTha karavAmAM Ave che. halaMta-saMcaka rekhA moTe bhAge

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12 muM] A lipi [31 chUTI prAjavAmAM Ave che, paNa kyAMka kyAMka ene vyaMjanane cheDe joDI devAmAM Ave che, jemake - (chele maroDa). saMskRtamAM pUzabdane chei ke mo heva ane uttara zabdanA AraMbhamAM ya hoya te svara-saMdhinA niyama mujaba mano lepa thAya che. A lupta e darzAvavA mATe praye.jADuM avagrahanuM ciddana enuM vartamAna svarUpa dharAve che. aMkacina dazAMza paddhatie prajAyAM che. 1 thI 6 ane 7 ema meya aMkacihnane prayoga thayeluM che. A kAlamAM ane 2 sivAyanAM badhAM e kacihna teonA vartamAna nAgarI bharaDanAM banyAM che. A vikasita bharoDanI sAthe sAthe teo nA agAunA maroDa paNa prajAtA rahyA che. 8 nA cihnanI uparanI ADI rekhAne A kAlathI DAbI bAjue saheja laMbAvavAmAM Ave che. dasamI sadIthI prajAne A nareDa A kAlamAM paNa cAlu rahe che. jenA vividha bharoDa prajAtA rahyA che, jemAM pUrNa vRttavALo maroDa vizeSa prayojAya che. A dasa aMkacihna dvArA sthAnamUlyanA siddhAMta pramANe saMkhyAo sUcavavAmAM AvatA. saMkhyA sUcavavA mATe aMke uparAMta kyAreka zabdano paNa prayoga thato sAdhAraNa rIte padyAtmaka lakhANamAM vacce AvatI saMkhyAone vRttamAM besADavA ane saMkhyA A saraLa rIte yAda rahe e mATe zabda-saMketono upayoga thato. AvA sAMketika zabda manuSyanAM aMge ( dA. ta. be sUcavavA nayana, bAhu, karNa, kuca, eTha); ida (dAta. ATha mATe anubha); devatAo, RSio, mahApuruSonA samUhe (dA.ta, traNa sUcavavA mATe rAma, pAMca mATe pAMDava, cha mATe pamukha, sAta mATe jhapa, nava mATe naMda, 11 mATe 3, 14 mATe manu) uparAta graha, nakSatro ane bIjI prasiddha bAbato vagerenA banelA che. AvA zabda-saMketa dvArA sUcavAtI saMkhyA AmAM zabdane vAto atiH' arthAta UlaTI dizAmAM jamaNethI DAbe lakhavAmAM avatA. A kAlanI moTA bhAganI hastaprata ane keTalAka abhilekhomAM paNa A paddhatie saMkhyA sUcavavAmAM AvelI che. dA.ta. vi.saM. 1845 nA dhaMdhusaranA abhilekhamAM zarayugamaturaMvA() (manu=14, yuga=. zara=pa) dvArA 1445nI sAla sUcavelI che; vi saM. 1454 nI sUtratA-radAno tADapatrIya hasatapratamAM vebudhitafdhatima vaine (zIdadhiti=1, udAdha=4, Ibu=pa veda=4) dha ra saMvata 1454 sUcavI che; triSTizAjApuruSavarita-rAmavanI kAgaLanI hastapratamAM sAmAnanumitA (manu=14, vasu=8, soma=1) dvArA vi.saM. 1481 sUcavavAmAM AvI che. je hatapratomA A pA zabdasa ketA uparAMta akSarasaMketa ane zUnya prayojavAnI paddhatie paNa pracAramAM hatI. 7

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3] salatanata kAla gi. ekadare je te salatanatakAlIna nAgarI lipinA saMyuktAkSarone bAda karatAM va, aMtargata svaracine, sataci ane aMkaci ghaNe aMze teonI vartamAna avasthAne pAmyAM che. jena nAgarI jaina nagarI lipi Ama te ghaNe aMze devanAgarI lipine maLatI Ave che, paraMtu keTalAka varSonuM svarUpa, paDimAtrAne prayoga, keTalAka saMyukta vyaMjane lakhavAnI viziSTa paddhati, aneka prakAranA viziSTa saMketanuM nirmANa vagerene kAraNe A lipi devanAgarI lipithI judI paDe che, eTale A lipine jaina lipi" ke "jainanAgarI lipine nAme oLakhavAmAM Ave che. A lipinuM pahelI najare tarI AvatuM lakSa lipinuM sauSThava che. sauSTha yukta lakhANa mATe jene ghaNA AgrahI rahyA che. pustaka lekhana nimitta jaina prajAe kAyastha, brAhmaNa, nAgara, bhojaka vagere aneka jJAtinAM kuLane nabhAvyAM hatAM. pariNAme e jJAti e potAnuM samagra jIvana jenalekhanakalAviSayaka kuzaLatA meLavavA pAchaLa evArI nAkhatI. e dakSa lahiyAoe jaina graMtha lakhavAmAM khUba kalAsauSThava ane nipuNatA dAkhavyAM hovAnuM jaina jJAnabhADAnuM nirIkSaNa karatAM spaSTapaNe jaNAI Ave che. jenalekhanakalAno AraMbha I.sa.nI pAMcamI zatAbdIthI pazcima bhAratamAM tho hovAnuM manAya che ke para tu jaina lipimAM lakhAyelA graMtha 11 mI sadI pahelAMnA upalabdha thatA nathI. vi.saM. 1109 nI vaMcAyA A lipimAM lakhAyelA prAcIna jJAta graMtha che. * joke e sayana lipinuM svarUpa ta kAlIna nAgarI lipinuM sahejasAja parivartanavALuM ja svarUpa che, chatAM samaya jatAM emAM viziSTatAo vadhavA lAge che ane jaina linuiM viziSTa svarUpa ghaDAvA lAge che. padamAM chellA khAnAmAM satata belanA jaina graMthomAM pratye jAyelI lipinA varNa, keTalAMka mahAnA aMtargata svaracihna ane sayukata vyaMjane ApelAM che. A lipinuM svarUpa tapAsatAM ane ene samakAlIna nAgarI lipi sAthe sarakhAvatAM enAM keTalAMka viziSTa lakSaNa tarI Ave che : (1) mAM nIcalA mukhya avayavanI upalI ADI rekhA zirorekhAnI garaja sAre che, tethI A moDa A svaranA pUrNa vikasita devanAgarI maroDa karatAM spaSTapaNe jude paDe che. A kAlanAM nAgarI lakhANomAM A maroDa prayojAya che, paraMtu e anukAlamAM lupta thAya che, jyAre jaina lipimAM A ja maraDa prayojAto rahe che. (2) mo ane gomAM prAcIna

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12muM ] lipi [34 svataMtra marIDa cheka sudhI jaLavAI rahyuM che. (3) dhanI Toce A kAlamAM ane anukalamAM paga zirorekhA prayojAtI nathI. (4) ma ane namAM vaizvika svarUpo paikInuM eka ja nizcita paNe prAya che, jyAre che, , 3 ane zanA vaikalpika maroDAnA prAga ' "ba" ne pAtra pharaka vartAya che. chenAM vikasita maroDanI apekSAe prAcIna sa3 (paluM svarUpa) ja vadhAre prayojAtuM rahyuM che. nA prAcI na maroDa- varAzanuM pramANa 16mI sadIthI ghaTe che ane vikasti maroDane pracAra vadhe che. te A kAlamAM vikasele vaikalpika maroDa 16 mI sadIthI sarvatra prayeLavA lAge che. zane mIThAvALo mareDa 16 mI sadIthI lupta thaIne DAbI bAjue rU nA AkAranA maraDa badhe prayojAvA lAge che. (5 nA ba ne moDemAM DAbI bAju vaLAMka Le. athava binajoDAyelA rahe che. A lakSaNa cheka caulukya kAlathI agha va ta cAlu che. (6) zirorekhAne jamaNe che. varSonI. Toca laTakAvavAnI paddhati khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. samakAlIna nAgarImAM A valaNa uttarottara ghaTatuM jAya che ane bahudhA zirorekhA jamaNA cheDAthI saheja DAbI bAjue varNanI Toca joDAya che, jyAre jaina lipimAM mukhyatve prAcIna "paddhatine vaLagI rahevAmAM Ave che; de ta. 3, 4, 8, 3, 4, , , ma ane nA maraDa. aMtargata svaracinemAM paDimAtrA ane amAtrAne vyApaka prayoga jaina lipanuM mahatvanuM lakSaNa gaNAyuM che. paDimAtrAno pracAra cheka maitrakakAlA sa. 470 thI 788)thI cAlyA Ave che. 11 caulukya ane satanata kAla nAM jainetara lakhANomAM paNa ene vyApaka praca ra rahyuM che, chatAM eTaluM kharuM ke 15 mI sadIthI jainetara lakhANomAM ziAtrAne pracAra paDi mAtrAnA apekSAe vadhatuM jAya che, jyAre jenee paDamAtrAne prayoga lAMbA samaya sudhI cAlu rAkhe che. 12 prAcIna kAlanAM lahiyAo be lITIo vaccenuM aMtara ochuM rAkhatA hoI teo 3 ane 4nAM aMtargata svaracihnane nAnA mAM nA lakhatA athavA akSaranI nIce na jeDatAM, jema 2 varNanI sAthe aMtargata 3 ane 4 joDavAmAM Ave che tema, varNanI AgaLa (jamaNI bAjue) jeDA. A paddhatine agra mAtrA joDavAnI paddhati kahe che. 13 dA.ta., cUno maraDa (vanA khAnAmAM bIjo maraDa). joke A prakAranI ajhamAtrA joDavAnI paddhati ghaNI jU ja pramANamAM pracalita rahI che, chatAM jainetara lakhANo kata jena lakhANamAM eno pracAra ThIka ThIka rahyuM che. A ajhamAtrAnI paddhati lekhananI sugamatA ane sughaDatAnI gholaka che. jene lipimAM dhanI Toce zirorekhA thatI na hovAthI gha sAthe aMtagata svaracine joDavAnI prAcIna paddhatio cAlu rahe che, dA.ta. dhyA(dhanA khAnAmAM bIjA maroDa)mAM prayojAyela aMtargata mA.

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38] salatanata kAla ranI sAthe 3, 4 ane badanAM aMtagata svaracine prayojatI vakhate hanuM saMkula rUpa (uparanI UbhI rekhAne lepa karavo tevuM) prayojavAmAM Ave che. 15mI sadI pahelAM A valaNa jaina temaja jainetara lakhaNamAM aicchikapaNe prajatuM rahyuM che, paraMtu tyAra pachI ene pracAra jainetara lakhANamAM lagabhaga lupta thavA lAge che, jayAre je lakhANomAM A saMkula virUpa ja nizcitapaNe prajAvA lAge che, dA.ta., 3 (2nA khAnAma bIjo mareDa). saMyukta vyaMjanamAM paNa pUrva vyaMjana tarIke nuM saMkula svarUpe prayojAya che; jema ke 3 (3nA khAna mAM trIje moDa) ane ra (na nA khAnAmAM trIjo bhareDa). saMyukata vyaMjanomAM DhanA saMkula svarUpanA prayoga uparAMta keTalIka nedhapAtra vizeSatAo paNa jovA maLe che. saMyukta vyaMjana pUrva sUcavavA mATe nA DAbA aMgamAM nIcenA bhAgamAM vano DAbo avayava saMyojavAmAM Avato, A svanA maroDamAM madhyanI upalI ADI rekhAne la bAvAne vana jamaNuM aMganuM svarUpa ApavAthI saMyukta vyaMjana # banato (dA.ta , nA khAnAmAM bIjo * roDa ). 0 mAM bane vyaMjana prAcIna svarUpa ane paddhatie sa ca nayA che (jemake, 2 nA khAnAmAM bIjo mareDa). vLa (aa nA khAnAmAM bAjA bhareDa) mA nA maroDanI madhyanI UbhI rekhAne madhyama thI cheda trAMsI (vAyavya-agni) rekhA joDIne saMyukta vyaMjana sUcavAyo che. A maroDa agAu upara-nIce joDAtA A sayukta vyaMjana vLanuM saMkula svarUpa jaNAya che sayukta vyaMjanomAM uttara vyaMjana tarIke canuM 1 jevuM svarUpa vyApaka pramANamAM prayojAya che, jemake dhyA (dhanA khAnAmAM bIjo maroDa) ane nyU (vanA khAnAmAM bIjo maroDa). canA. AvA maroDane laIne bhASAnA yathArtha jJAna vagara pAThaka ne 1 ane 1 ne 2 samajavA jatAM saMbhamramAM mukAI jAya che. AvA saMjogomAM uttara akSara e che ke 1 eno nirNaya lakhANanA pUrvApara saMbaMdha parathI karavo paDe che. uttara vya jana tarIke ane taraMgAkAra maroDa prayojAya che; dA.ta., << (nanA khAnAmAM trIjo maroDa). Ama jaina lipie ekaMdare keTalAka varNona na aMtargata svaracimAM apAze ane saMyukta vyaMjanomAM adhikArI prAcIna para jALavI rAkhyA che, eTaluM ja nahi, graMtha-lekhanamAM AraMbha ane aMtanAM ma gala ci, akSara akSara ane lITI lITI vaccenuM nizcita gaNatarIpUrvakanuM aMtara pAnAMne alaga naka ane aMkAtmaka ema be prakAre kramAMka ApavA, akSarone viziSTa rIte lakhIne citrAkRtio sarjavI-A ane AvI ghaNI " te jaina lipine viziSTatA 2pe che. 14

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lipi 2. arabI lipi ane enI sulekhana-zailIe gujarAtanA sAlakI kAlanA je khAreka lekha maLyA che te badhAnI bhASA arakhI che. dilhI-saltanata kAlanA gujarAtamAM sArI saMkhyAmAM maLI AvelA lekheAnI bhAvA arakhI temaja kArasI che. mRtyu lekheAnI bhASA te arabI ja che, je 15mI sadI eTale ke saltanata kAla sudhI jovA maLe che. saltanata kAlanA masjida ane makabarA ke kabareAnA abhilekhe| mATe bhAge arabImAM che; jo ke phrArasIvALA lekheAnI saMkhyA paNa sAva nAnI nathI. AnAthI viparIta rAjyAdeza ke sArvajanika hitArthe dAna vagemAM apAyelI jamIna vagere mATenA ullekha dharAvatA evA bIjA lekhA kArasImAM ane thADA phArasI sAthe sthAnika bhASA ke saMskRtamAM paNa maLe che. 22 mu''] [3re A badhA abhilekhonI bhASA arakhI, phArasI ke urdU hoya paNa teonI lakhAvaTa te| arakhI mULAkSareDamAM ja thayelI che. sAdhAraNa rIte A lekhAmAM akSara saMskRta zilAlekhAnI jema aMdara kotarelA hAtA nathI, pazu upara upasAvelA hAya che; eTale ke zilAlekha para pahelAM lakhANane rekhAMkita karI lakhANanA akSarA sivAyanI bAkInI zilAbhUmine chINI daI sapATa banAvavAmAM Ave che, chatAM 15 mI16 mI sadI e daramyAnanA aneka abhilekha aMdara kotarI lakhavAmAM AvyA che, jenuM mukhya kAraNa UpasI AvelA akSaravALA abhilekha kaMDAravAmAM jarUrI evA arabI lipinA jA kAra kuzaLa ane zramazIla kArIgaro ke kaLAkArAnI kheMca lekhI zakAya. paNa A abhilekhAmAM lekhanazailI samAna nathI, ma te| arabI lipinA vividha prakArA ke zailIe che ke jemAM mukhya zailIe sAta che. emAMthI moTe bhAge je traNa ke cAra zailI abhilekhe! mATe vaparAya che te phUMkI, nakkha, thultha (susa) ane nastAlIka che. sUphI zailImAM akSara keNudAra ane saheja paNa geLAI vinAnI UbhI ke ADI rekhAeAnA banelA hoya che. arakhI lipiomAM prathama udbhavelI manAtI A zailInA prayeAga thADA ja samaya pachI vaparAza kAje astitvamAM AvelI nakhanI sarakhAmaNImAM ghaNe aMze AlaMkArika ke aupacArika lakhANa ane mArA, sikkAo, cInI mATInAM patrA, kurAna zarIphanI suze bhita pratA, vizeSa lakhANA ityAdi puratA maryAdita hatA. gujarAtamAM / zailInA je lekha maLI AvyA che te Ama tA dezanA bIjA bhAgA--dilhI, ajamera, nAraneAla (jillA me|handaragaDha, hariyANA ), hAMsI (hariyANA) vagerenI jema saMkhyAmAM gaNyAgAMThayA che, paNa sAnIpata(riyANA)nA eka lekhane bAda karatAM hiMdusta nanA

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[ satanata kAla 35. ] .. upalabdha kUphI abhilekhomAM prAcInamAM prAcIna a lekha kajillAnA bhadrezvaragAmethI maLI AvyA che. 12 mI sadInA madhyathI maLatA A abhilekha suMdara phaphI zailImAM moTA ane ghaNA UpasI AvelA akSaranA kaMDAravAmAM AvelA che. brezvaranA AvA maLI AvelA kula lekha ATha che. 15 jemAM bee kanuM Ama to alaMkRta, paNa pramANamAM sAdI, cArekanuM ThIka ThIka pramANamAM A kArika ane beekanuM te ati-AlaMrika zailI mAM nirUpaNa thayuM che. alaMkAyukta lekhomAM khuda akSare nI kalAtmaka lakhAvaTa uparAMta teonI UbhI rekhAone upara laMbAvI teone ekabIjA sAthe sAMkaLI tareha tarehanI suMdara bhautika AkRtiomAM gUMthA ke vacamAMnI khAte jagyAmAM phUlabuTTAnI bhAta mUkI che. AthI lakhANa suzobhananA eka mananIya kalAkRtinA namUnA jevuM banI gayuM che. khaMbhAtamAM sAva kUphImAM kaMDArele eka lekha maLI Avyo che, jemAM mAtra viDminirIma lakheluM che. A lekha 12 mI sadImAM kaMDArAyele hoya ema lAge che. te lakhANa kUphInI AlaMkArika zailImAM che. 17 taduparAMta 13 mI sadInA khaMbhAta, verAvaLa vagere sthaLonA keTalAka lekhomAM mAtra vismiAda alaMkRta mUkI zailImAM kaMDAravAmAM Avela che, jayAre bAkInuM lakhANa nakha zailImAM che. sattanata kALa daramyAnanA moTA bhAganA bahudhA nakha ane thulya ke teonI peTA zailImAM lakhAyA che. mULamAM to nakhano prayoga lakhANamAM lagabhaga sa the sAthe ke thoDA samaya pachI zarU thayo hato, kUphInI kemake rojiMdA vyavahAramAM samaya temaja sagavaDane dhyAnamAM letAM kANadAra ane lacakarahita UbhI, ADI ane tIrachI rekhAovALI zailImAM lakhavuM sugama na paDe e dekhItuM che, eTale prAraMbhathI ja kUphIne pravega, upara kahevAI gayuM che tema, amuka kSetromAM AlaMkArika ke aupacArika hatu pUrato maryAdita hato ane rojiMdA lekhanamAM kuphI karatAM vizeSa pramANamAM che. te karatAM saheja lacakadAra ane vaLa kapALI nakhazailI vaparAtI. nakhamAM akSaranI rekhAomAM be tRtIyAMza surekhatA (sIdhApaNuM) ane eka tRtIyAMza vaka hovI Avazyaka gaNAtI. Ane laIne vyavahAramAM nakhane pravega dhu pramANamAM thayelo jovA maLe che. hiMdustAnanA vividha bhAgomAM atyaMta AlaMkArika phI zailIyata lakhANa lakhI zakanAra sulekhanakAronI UNapa temaja khuda bIjA islAmI dezamAM paNa raphate te AlaMkArika zailInA saratA jatA prAdhAnyane laIne paNa 17 mI sadIthI abhilekhomAM mUkIne badale nakhe mAdhyamanuM sthAna lIdhuM.

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12 muM J. lipi [351 A ja arasAmAM nakhane maLatI thulya nAmathI oLakhAtI bIjI eka zailI pracalita thaI. vAstavamAM thultha ane nakhanI rekhAomAM surekhatA ke vakratAnA pramANamAM bheda nathI, paNa baMnene ekabIjAthI bhinnatA ApnAra lakSaNa temanI rekhAonI jADAImAM taphAvata e che. nakha pAtaLI kalamathI lakhAya che. jyAre yuthe jADI kalamathI. A narakha-zuthanI naDAInuM pramANa 1 : 3 che temaja zAstrIya vyAkhyA pramANe yughamAM akSaranA ADA sarakao cheDA upara nakhanI jema sIdhA nahi, paNa saheja goLAIyA kheMcAya che. pariNAme nakha karatAM yuthe jADA akSaravALI havAthI vadhu goLAIvALI lAge che ane ene laIne emAM lakheluM lakhANa kalAtmaka ane AkarSaka lAge che. zudhanI A lAkSaNikatAne laIne ene mukhyatve islAmI dezamAM aitihAsika ke nAmAMkita imArato para AlaMkArika abhilekhomAM kUphI pachI ane nAstAlIkanA vikAsa thayo te pahelA prayoga thavA lAgyo. joke hiMdustAna ane gujarAtamAM nakha ane yutha baMnene upayoga lagabhaga sarakhe ke saheja ochAvattA pramANamAM karavAmAM Avyo hovAnuM jaNAya che. TUMkamAM, 13 mI thI 16 mI sadI daramyAnamAM mukAyelA saMkhyAbaMdha abhi lekha kAM nakha kAM thulya zailImAM che. A abhilekhomAM sAva kalAvihIna ane beDoLa banAvaTathI laI sAdhAraNa, sArA temaja atyaMta kalAtmaka ane ati suMdara ane manahara ama bhAtabhAtanA namUnA daSTigocara thAya che. AkArika lekhanazailIvALA jeTalA saMkhyAbaMdha mRtyulekha khaMbhAtamA maLyA che teTalA bIje koI sthaLe maLI nathI. uparAMta pATaNa verAvaLa peTalAda rAMdera vagere sthaLoe paNa eka be ke vadhu lekha prApta thayA che. A mRtyu. leonA bhAta paNa AkarSaka che. vividha AkAranI maherAma(kama 1) nI cAre bAju pahoLA eka ke vadhu bahire khAovALI haroLA vacce kamAnanI nIcenA bhAgane sAta ATha ke enAthI vadhu ADI haroLamAM jADI rekhAothI vibhAjita karI emAM AlaMkArika kUphImAM vizrAmAMnI ekAda lITI tathA bAkI lakhAyunuM alaMkRta nakha zailImAM nirUpaNa karI kabaranA mathALe mUkavA mATenuM mRtyulekha ati AkarSaka lAge che. A viziSTa prakAranA mRtyulekhonI lekhanazailI paNa viziSTa prakAranI nakha che. enI lakhAvaTa akSaramaroDa ane suyojita tathA sughaTita akSara-samUha dvArA utpanna karela lAvaNyamaya manorama suMdaratAnA utkRSTa namUnA pUrA pADe che. A abhilekhenI nakha zailI zAstrIya vyAkhyA pramANe sAdI nakha - hi, paNa alaMkRta che, jemAM eka bIjI arabI lipiaulI

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352] salatanata kAla [ . kiAnA jemAM gaLAI pramANa nakhanI apekSA e vadhu che temaja akSaronA ADA lasarakA samudranI laheronI jema caDhAva utAravALI rekhAomAM lakhavAmAM Ave che tene atyaMta ghero prabhAva hAI lakhANamAM mRdutA ane lAvaNyamayatA AvI che ane AkhuM paMktibaMdha lakhANa jANe jalataraMga jema madhura ane mRdu pravAhamAM jholA khAtuM vahI rahyuM hoya evo AbhAsa karAve che. AvA mRtyulekha beeka apavAda sivAya bhAratanA koI paNa bhAgamAMthI maLatA nathI. AvA lekha dakSiNa arabastAnamAM maLatA hovAthI ema anumAna karavAne avakAza kharo ke dakSiNa arabastAnathI AvA namUnA magAvavAmAM AvatA haze ane ahIM sthAnika sUtradhAra dvArA ene paththara para kaMDArAvavAmAM AvatA haze. A badhA lekhone arabI sulekhanakalAnA utkRSTa namUnAonI haroLamAM mUkI zakAya. sahatanata kAlamAM paNa e chevatte aMze A sulekhanazailInA mRtyulekha khaMbhAta pATaNa mahesANA vagere jagyAoe maLe che. 18 evI ja rIte 14mI sadInA masjida vagerenA abhilekhe nI jema satata kAlanA paNa vizeSa karIne enA prAraMbhakAlanA abhilekhanI nakha zelI bihAra pradezanA amuka tugalakAlIna abhilekha nI zalAne maLatI Ave che. Ama joIe to A nakha zailI ane upara varNavelI mRtyulekhanI rikAthI prabhAvita zailI vacce ghaNuM sAmya che, paNa emAM amuka akSara tenA bhAgonA nirUpaNamAM phera che. dA.ta., arabI mULAkSaranA "B" akSaranA jamaNA bhAganA DAbI bAjuthI jamaNI tarapha jatA ADA lasarakAnA jamaNI bAjuvALA bhAgane upara tarapha tIra choI ApI saheja vakratAthI laMbAvavAmAM Ave che. je koI pakSIo upara uThave | pUchaDIne AbhAsa karAve che, athavA zabdanA AkharamAM AvatA mULAkSaranA akSara "" (jene AkAra AMkha jevo hoya che) ke zabdanI zarUAtamAM ke vacamAM AvatA akSaro - (adha) 1, 2, 2 ke 2 ne jamaNI ane DAbI taraphanA khUNAonI bAjuone laMbAvI AbehUba AMkha jevo AkAra ApavAmAM Ave che. , AvA namUnAomAM pATaNanI nAgaravADAnI masjidane hi.sa. 734 (I. sa. 1334), "jAme masjida ane hi.sa. 749 (I.sa. 1357-58)21 vaDodarAnA lakSmI vilAsa pelesanA kaMpAunDamAM AvelI vAva ane pIra gheDAnI daragAhanA anukrame hi.sa. 807( I.sa. 145) ane hi.sa. 816(Isa, 1413-14)ne, 23 bharUcanI jAme masjidane hi sa. 732 (I. sa. 1321-22)24

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12 muM] T353 khaMbhAtamAM kAbilazAhanI daragAhane hi.sa. 807(I.sa. 1405), 25 amadAvAdane hi.sa. 866 (I.sa. 1461) ra4 tathA rAjasthAnanA jAlora jillAmAM AvelA saranI jAme marijadane mahamUda begaDAnA samayane hisa 912(I.sa.1506) 27 lekha vagere A zailImAM che. A uparAMta 15 mI sadInA nakha ane yutha zailImAM kaMDArAyelA abhilekhonuM eka viziSTa jUtha che, jenI zailI A zailIone apAyelA AlaMkArika rUpane maLatI che, jene bhAratIya-IslAmI abhilekhazAstramAM baMgALanI tIra-kamAna zailInuM pAribhASika nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che. A zailI-varupamAM akSaronA lAMbA upara kheMcelA UbhA lasarakAonA cheDAne tIranI aNI jevuM temaja ardhavartuLa ADA lasarakAone kamAna jevuM rUpa ApI AvA UbhA ane ADA akSaronI samAna aMtare kalAtmaka ane sama-mita goThavaNanA jarUrI niyamane adhIna rAkhI evI te gUMthaNI karavAmAM AvI che ke jonArane jANe ema lAge ke AkAza tarapha tIra pheMkanArA dhanurdhArIonI paMkti khaDI che. e ja pramANe eka para bIjo akSara ke akSaro mUkI karavAmAM AvelI kalAtmaka gUMthaNIvALI 'tumrA' (monogrammatic) pAribhASika nAmavALI atyaMta kalAyukata A zailInI mULabhUta lAkSaNikatAmAM ucita pheraphAra karI kalAkAroe vibhinna lAkSaNikatA sajI. haratamAM upara UThelA bhAlA ke dhvaja laI cAlatI sainikakatAra, suMdara kamAnavALI jALIonI hAra, sIdhI jALInI pazcAdabhU para goThavelA bhAratIya dIpa, phaNIdhara sarpo yA pANI para saratA haMsonuM jUtha vagere tAdaza dAne AbhAsa karAvatA lekhanazailInA A atyaMta kauzalapUrNa svarU pano je anupama vAraso baMgALAnA kalAkAro dvArA maLyo te bhAratanA bIjA bhAgomAM alabatta oche aMze mAtra gujarAtamAM ja jovA maLe che. gujarAtanA abhilekhamAM kalAkAronI pratibhAnA pratibiMbarUpe je nipuNatAnAM darzana thAya che te akSaronA lAMbA kheMcelA UbhA lasarakAonI samAMtare sapramANa rIte karavAmAM AvelI goThavaNa, akSaronA ke tenA bhAgonI ardhavartulIyatAnuM cakSu phUla haMsa ke evuM kalAtmaka nirUpaNa temaja UbhA lasarakA sAthe teonI kauzalapUrNa gUMthaNI vagere dvArA vyakta thayuM che. AvA kalAkauzalanA namUnAonI saMkhyA vadhu che. emAM dekAvADA(ji. amadAvAda)nA tugalukakAlIna hi.sa. 789(I.sa. 1386-87)nA abhilekhamAM zabdAMte AvelA "du ane prAraMbhanA che ke ta nuM, mRganayanI suMdarInI kAjaLathI kheMcAyelI I-5-23

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35) savanA kAle khUNAdAra che ane teonI vacamAM akSaranuM biMdu sudhdhAM mUkI AMkhanA DoLAmAM kIkIne paNa AbhAsa karAve evuM suMdara Ayojana nayaname jevuM game tevuM che. 28 taduparAMta amadAvAdanI jAme masjidane abhilekha paNa AvA kauzalane ucca kalAtmaka namUne pUro pADe che. emAM vizeSa karIne zabdAMte AvatA 6, a . () ke lAMbA sa jevA akSaro ardhavartalIya bhAgo ke ADA lasarakAone vividha bhaumitika AkRtionuM rUpa ApI sulekhanakalAmAM eka vilakSaNa Ale. kArika tatvane umere karyo che. vaLI amadAvAdanI zAhI masjidanA abhilekhAmAM gujarAtanA sulatAnanI pUrI vaMzAvalI ApavAnI je prathA apanAvAI che temAM "zAha' zabdanI punarukti thatI hovAthI A zabdane vibhinna rUpe lakhI khapAvavAmAM Avyo che, jenI kalAmayatAne sAco khyAla A namUnA jotAM Ave.29 upara ulalekhAyelI sAdI temaja alaMkRta nakha zailIonA bIjA suMdara namUnA gujarAtanAM vividha sthaLonI imAratanA abhilekho dvArA sacavAyA che.* e ja pramANe yutha zailInA paNa vividha bhAtanA namUnA prApya che. sAdI zailI uparAMta "nakha" jema ja "rikAnA gADha prabhAvavALA, UbhA lasarakAonI vividha goThavaNavALA, agrAvALA, ItyAdi saMkhyAbaMdha abhilekha A zailIonA suMdara namUnA pUrA pADe che. sAdI paNa viziSTa yu(c)ne ucca koTina namUne jUnAgaDhamAM uparakeTa upara AvelI nIlama tApa parano lekha (AkRti 2) gaNAvI zakAya. 31 sAdI thulyanA bIjA suMdara namUnAomAM verAvaLanI nagInA masjidane hi.sa. 893(I.sa. 1488)ne, jaMbusaranI jAme masjidane hi.saM. 917 (I.sa. 1511-12)ne 33 bharUcamAM mIra giyAsuddInanA rajAne hi.saM. 970 (I.sa. 1562-63)nA be lekha (AkRti 3) e gaNAvI zakAya. AvA koI kAI lekhamAM pazcAdabhUnI khAlI jagyAone kulabuTTAthI alaMkRta karavAthI AkhA lakhANanI kalAmayatA dIpI UThe che. gujarAtanA nAjhima maleka muphara he baMdhAvela khaMbhAtanI joIvADAnI majidane hi.saM. 767 I. sa. 136566)ne lekha AnuM sarasa udAharaNa che, paNa samudranI khArI havAnI sAdhAraNa koTinA retiyA paththara para kaMDArelA akSare para mAThI asara thavAthI lekhanI AkarSakatAmAM ghaTADo thayo che. 35 lasarakAone kalAtmaka goThavaNa vagerethI alaMkRta thulya zailInA suMdara namUnA abhilekhomAM maLe che. "rikAnA gADha prabhAvavALA atyaMta manohara namUnAomAM peTalAdanA bAbA arjunazAhanI daragAhanA hi.sa. 633(I.sa. 1236)nAka ane bharUcanI IdagAhanA hi.sa. 72 (I.sa. 1926)nA lekhamAM

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12 muM] lipi (35 sulekhana ucca koTinuM che. AmAM peTalAdavALA lekhamAM sulekhanakAranuM nAma sadubhAgya maLe che, paNa e prakAzita pAThamAM pUruM vaMcAyuM nathI. AvA ja eka atyaMta manahara sughaTita akSaravALA, paNa durbhAgye naTa pAmelA, eka lekhanA be nAnA khaMDita bhAga pATaNamAM judI judI jagyA be sacavAyelA maLyA che. emAM sulekhanakalAnI atyaMta madhuratAnAM darzana thAya che. A lekha nAjhima a95khAnanA samayano che ane mAre mate eNe baMdhAvelI moTI jAme masjidanA A lekha heAya to navAI nahi.28 AvA salatanata kAlanA namUnAomAM vaDodarAnI jAme majidane hi.sa. 910(I.sa 1504-05)na,39 cAMpAneranI jAme majidane hi.sa.924(I.sa. 1524)ne, bharUcamAM maleka imAdulumukanA rAjAne hi saM. 967(I.sa. 1560)no tathA jhaccAnI vAvane hi.sa. 971(I.sa. 156364),4ra vagere lekho atyaMta sughaTita akSaro ane lasarakAvALI manohara zailInA prathama paMktinA namUnA che. AmAM sarvamAM viziSTa ImAdula mulkanA rojAvALe bharUcane lekha che, jemAM UbhA ane ADA lasarakAo sAthe amuka UbhA lasarakAone tira chA-45deg khUNe-mUkavAnI kalAmaya goThavaNa, cAra moTI ADI haroLamAMnI pratyeka haroLamAM lakhANanA ja ADA lasarakAo paikInA amukane labAvI judI paDatI be paMktionuM lakhANa, akSaranA vartalIya ke vaka bhAgenuM atyaMta sughaTana tathA suramya alekhana ane AkhA lakhANanuM moTA suMdara akSarethI ati sughaDa ane saphAIdAra Alekhana vagerene laIne A abhilekhane anya ta suMdara namUnAomAM prathama paMktimAM mUkI zakAya. yulya zailInA betraNa tugrAono paNa ullekha jarUrI che. Ama to tugrA" e lakhANanA akSarone eka bIjA para goThavIne lakhavAthI thato eka AlaMkArika prakAra che. gujarAtamAM tujhAne Avo kAI namUna Aja paryata maLyo nathI. e sivAya bhaumitika AkAre sarjatA tujhA hoya che, jenA traNeka namUnA amadAvAdamAM jamAlapuranI kAcanI majidamAM che, jemAM be mAM allAha, muhammada (sa.a.va.) ane (hajharata alI, ane trIjAmAM allAha, muhammada (sa.a.va.sa.) ane pahelA cAra khalIphAo (hajharata) abubakra, hajharata) umara, (hajharata) usmAna ane (hajharata) alI e nAma-zabdonI sIdhI, ardhavaka ke vaka rekhAnI kalAtmaka suyojanavALI goThavaNa dvArA AMkhane gamI jAya tevA bhaumitika AkAra sajya che 43 yuthe sAthe sArI evI mAtrAmAM sAmya dharAvatI, paNa pustakamAM paNa jenA atyaMta maryAdita namUnA upalabdha che tevI bihAra ke bahAra zailInA

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356 ] { pra. sAva zAstrIya vyAkhyA pramANenA namUnA abhilekhAmAM maLyA nathI. pUrva gujarAtamAM enA eka namUnA maLyA che. kapaDavaMjanI jAme masjidanA hi.sa. cha ( I.sa. 1370-71 )nA lekhavALA A lakhANamAM akSarAnI jADAI vacama vadhI. paNa cheDA kuMThita hAvAne badale aNIdAra che.44 A lekhanA lakhanAra kamAla-suta usmAna hatA, je vyavasAye sulekhanakAra hate. vijApuranI jAme masjidanA hi.sa. 771( I.sa. 1369-70 )nA lekha A lekhane dhaNA maLate Ave che.45 sAna phAla islAmI sAmrAjyanA pUrvanA vistAra eTale ke IrAna aphadhAnistAna madhya eziyA ane hiM da-pAka-bAMglAdeza upakha`DamAM lagabhaga 14 mI sadImAM zeAdhAyelI46 ane arvAcIna samayamAM arabI deze| sivAya bIjA arabI lipi apanAvelA dezAmAM mATe bhAge pracalita evI leAkapriya natAlIka zailI saltanata kAlanA abhilekhAmAM 16mI sadI paDelAM dekhA detI nathI, mAtra gujarAtamAM ja A lipi ATale mADe prayAgamAM levAI ema nathI, khuda hiMdustAnamAM paNa nastAlIkanA prayAga 16 mI sadInI pahelI pacIsInI lagabhagathI jovA maLe che.47 15 mA saikAmAMnI hastalikhita pratAmAM te A zailInuM saMpUrNa vikasita rUpa jovA maLe che, paNa bIjI ekAda sadImAM enI lokapriyatA eTalI vadhI ke abhilekheAmAM paNa ene prayAga thavA lAgyA ane jema nakha zailIe phUphInuM sthAna lIdhuM tema 16mI sadIthI nastAlIkanA prayAga uttarAttara vadhatA jaI chellAM aDhIse varSathI tA nastAlIka ja abhilekhAnI lekhana-zailInuM chahudhA mAdhyama banI rahI che. nastAlIkanI A lAkapriyatAnuM mukhya kAraNa enA akSarAnA vartulIya bhAgAnI gALAInuM saMpUrNa saMtulana ane svAbhAvika sugamatA temaja enA UbhA ke ADA lasarakAeAnA lAlityapUrNa DhALa che. saltanata kAlanA abhilekheAmAM nastAlIka lakhANanA namUnA etraNathI vadhu maLyA nathI. AmAM hi.sa 77ra(I.sa.1370-91) ane hi.sa. 928(I.sa. 1522)nA e khaMbhAtamAM, hi.sa. 973 I.sa. 156566)nA eka amadAvAdamAM ane hi.sa. 978(I.sa. 157071)nA eka bharUca khAte vidyamAna che. AmAM hi.sa. 772 vALe lekha pa.chaLathI mukAyelo lAge che. lekhanazailI parathI A lekha hijarI sananI 11mI sadI (I.sa.nI 17mI sadI) pahelAMne| hAya ema lAgatu nathI,48 eTale enI fArasI padyalakhANanI nastAlIka zailIne saltanata kAla sAthe saMbaMdha nathI, khaMbhAtanA bIja abhilekhanA varSI vize sa Mdeha karavAne kAraNu nathI. e pazu mRtyulekha che. ane Ama paNa lakhANa, geAvanI bhAta vagerenI

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12 muM] lipi [35 daSTie joIe te, IsavI sananI 15mI sadInA AvA abhilekhonI haroLamAM Ave, paNa lekhanazailI saheja UtaratI kakSAnI che. bIjuM enuM lagabhaga AkhuM lakhANa arabImAM ane nakha zailImAM che, mAtra thoDI thoDI jagyA khAlI rahI te pUrI karavA mATe mRtaka vyakti mATe IzvaranI dayAyAcanAnA bhAvArthavALI eka vikhyAta phArasI tUka ja nastAlIkamAM kaMDAravAmAM AvI che. emAM paNa amuka akSaro para nakhanI asara sApha ja najare paDe che e je abhilekhamAM nastAlIkanA prayogano e sAva zarUAtane namUno hovAnuM pratIta thAya che. A ja enuM vizeSa mahattava che, nahi to kalAnI daSTie lakhAvaTa-zailI sAva sAdhAraNa, balake UtaratI kakSAnI che. bAkInA be lekha namatAlIkanA namUnA che. baMne lekha saltanata kAlanA aMtasamayanA che. AmAM amadAvAdavALo abhilekha zAhapuramAM AvelI zekha hasana ciratA sAhebanI majida para che, jemAM ADI ane ubhI cokaDI jevI jADI bahirekhAthI patharane cAra bhAgamAM vaheMcI banAvelI cAra haLemAM eka eka caraNa samAvatuM be kaDInuM padya-lakhANa suMdara vastAlIka zailImAM kaMDAravAmAM khAvyuM che ekaMdare A lakhANa-zailI suMdara ane AMkhane game tevI che, paNa na tAlIka zailInuM pramukha lakSaNa gaNAtI. akSaronA vakra ke vastu lIya lasarakAonI joIe tevI lacaka ane akSaranA ADA ke UbhA lasarakAonI jADAImAM sapramANa ke saMtulananI pUrNatAnA abhAve ene nastAlIkane atyaMta utkRSTa namane te na kahI zakAya, paNa ekaMdare lakhAvaTanI chaTA, enI kama mIya goThavaNa, saphAI ane sughaDatAne laIne e AkarSaka jarUra che A lekhamAM sulekhanakAranuM nAma dasta muhammada ApeluM che. AnA mukAbale bharUcane abhilekha, je mama zaraphuddIna sAhebanI daragAhamAM chUTA paDI rahela paththara para che, tenI nasAlIka zailI sAdhAraNa che. ene lakhanAra hAphijha vaphAdAra hato.51 pATIpa 1. pra. ci. parIkha, gujarAtamAM brAhmIthI nAgarI sudhI lipi-vikAsaM, pR. 25-58 gujarAtI lipino vikAsa mughalakAlamAM thayo hovAthI enuM vigatavAra nirUpaNa graMtha 6 mAM karavAmAM Avaze. " 2. AvA sAMketika zAM mATe juo G. Bihler, Indian Palaeography, pp. 103 f; mosA, "mAratIya prAcIna pimA', pR. 120; D. C. sincar, Indian Epigraphy, pp. 230 ff.

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upa8 satanata kAla 7. Diskalkar, Inscriptions of Kathiawcd, No. 48 che. pATaNane saMghavI-pADAno bhaMDAra, tADapatrIya hastaprata, kamAMka 46 5. amadAvAdane lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira saMgraha, kramAMka 3684 6. vizeSa daSTAMto mATe juo pra. ci. parIkha, uparyukta, pR. 228. 7. juo muni puNyavijayajI, "bhAratIya jena zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhanakalA' pR. 62-662ta gora , hindu gaNitazAstra tihAsa', . 1, pR. 70-78. 8. muni puNyavijyajI, uparyukta, pR. 49-51 9. ejana, pR. 16-17 10. muni binavinI, raina pusta-rAtri saMgraha', pu. 1, prastAvanA, 5. 16 1. pra. ci. parIkha uparyukta, pR. 89 12. ejana, pR. 287, pAdaTIpa ra0 13. muni puNyavijayajI, uparyukta, pR. 50 14. pra. ci. parIkha, uparyukta, pR. 286 14. Epigraphia Indica, Arabic and Persian Supplement (EIAPS ), 1965. pls. I-V 16. Ibid, pl. III 20 Annual Report of Indian Epigraphy (ARIE), 1956, No. D. 49 18. BAPS, 1963, pls. Xa, Xb; ARIE. 1964-65, Nos. D. 65, 66, 70, 78; 1964-65, No. 2, 34 etc. 19. bihAranA AvA abhile mATe juo EIAPS, 196!, pls. VID, Vi a & 6, VIll a & b, Xc, etc. 20. A lekha ARIE, 1973-74 mAM nedhAvAno che. 21. EIAPS, 1962, pl, Inla 72. Epigraphia Indo-Moslemica ( EIM), 1939-40, p. 11; Monuments of Ahmedabad, through their Inscriptions (MMA), pp. XIV 23. EIAPS, 1968, p. [l[b 28. EIM, 1933-34, Supplement, p. XIVc 24. Ibid., 1963, p. IIla 26. MM A, p. XVIII 27. ARIE, 1966-67, No. D, 197 28, Ibid., 1964-65, No. D, 182 29 juo MMA, pls. Xa, XIII, XIy, XIX, XXa, XXL, XXII, XXVI, vagere. anya namUnAo mATe juo APIE, 1954-55, No. C, 69, 158, EIM, 1933-34, supplement, pl. XVb. 30. juo PIPAs, 1963, pl. ITIE, VIa & b, XXa, 1962, pp. VIII, Xa; EIM, 1939-40, pl. Ib; ARIE, 1954-55, No. C, 99; 1968-69; No. D,16, 1964-65, Nos. D,67, 70; 1959-60, No. D,10; MMA, pl. VII, XXXIII, XXXIV.

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13 muM lipi 354 31. EIAPS, 1953-54, pl. XXIa 32. Ibid., pl. XIXb 33. Ibid., 1963, pl. XIib 38. EIM, 1933-34, Supplement, pls. XVIIJa, XXXVa. 4104a au eka kalAkAranA hAthanA lAge che, paNa enuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM nathI. 35. A abhilekha ARIE, 1973-74mAM noMdhAvAne che. 34. EIM, 1915-16, pl. XIVa 39. Ibid., 1933-34, Supplement, pl XVa 38, EIAPS, 1962, pl. Ib 39, ARIE, 1959-60. No. D,86 40. Ibid, 1937-38, pl. Vb 1. EIM, 1935-36, pp. xxxivb XP. Ibid., 1933-34, Supplement, pl. XVIIIb 43. ARIE, 1967-68, Nos. D, 154-56 44. EIAPS, 1962, pl. Va 5. ARIE, 1964-65, No. , 181-82 46. nastAlIkanA sarjanane samaya mahAna mughala maMtrI abulaphala ane ene anusarI bhAratIya vidvAne Aja sudhI 15mA saikAnA AraMbhane mAne che, paNa vAstavamAM e pahelAMnA namUnA eziyA temaja surepanAM pustakAlayamAM upalabdha che. 47. chellA saMzodhana pramANe 15 mI sadInA aMtanA, nAnera (rAjasthAna) ane sonIpata (hariyANA)nA be lekha naskAlIka zailImAM che. 48. ARIE, 1956-57, No. D, 64 49. Ibia, 1959-60, No. D, 101. A lekha lAla mahelaka) pAsenI eka kabara che 50. MMA, No. XXXVIII 49. EIM, 1933-34, Supplement, pl. XIXa

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prakaraNa 13 dharma-saMpradAya 1. hiMdu dharma hiMdu samAja hameza anya dharmo tarapha sahiSNu ane udAra rahyo che. selaMkIonA zAsanakAlamAM je musalamAne gujarAtanA nagaramAM vaselA hatA temanA pratyenuM rAjyanuM valaNa paNa khUba udAra hatuM. paraMtu muslima amala para dharmasahiSNutAne nibhAvI zakaze nahi. hiMdu brAhmaNa ane jaina maMdiranI bhAMgaphoDanI ghaTanAo yuddhamAM ane zAMtikAlamAM paNa vadhavA lAgI. muslima tavArIkho jaNAve che ke sulatAna alAuddIna khalajIe dilhIthI bharUca sudhI dharmane phelAvo karyo ane gujarAtanA saurASTra jevA prAMtamAM ahamadazAhe iralAma dharmane prakAza phelAvyo, paraMtu dharmasahiSNu hiMdu prajA pratye khUba kaDakAI rakhAI, dhArmika utsavo paNa UjavI na zake evI sakhtAI rakhAI enA upara khAsa verA nakhAyA. vero na bharI zakanAramAM vaTALa-pravRtti paNa sArI rIte cAlI. vividha prakAranI vaTALa pravRttione pariNAme "male salAma' kema ane pIrANAne paMtha' vagere ubhavyAM. maMdira-vidhvaMsa tathA dharmAtara vagere mATe khAsa amaladAra paNa nImavAmAM AvatA, tathApi hiMdu prajA pratye A vartAva paDezamAM Avela govAmAM phiraMgIoe e ja kAle akhristI prajA para gujArela julama AgaLa meLo paDe tevo hato evuM itihAsakAronuM maMtavya che. hiMdu dharmane vividha saMpradAyamAM zaiva saMpradAya A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna sauthI vadhAre pracalita hato ane nAganAtha bhUtanAtha sAraNezvara bhIDabhaMjana nIlakaMTha siddhanAtha zaMkhezvara vagere 40 thI 50 jeTalAM zivAlaya paNa baMdhAyelAM evuM e kAlanA abhilekho uparathI samajAya che, paraMtu 14mA zatakamAM gujarAta upara je musalamAnI mojuM pharI vaLyuM temAM selaMkI kAlanI samRddhie UbhAM karelAM vizALa ane bhavya maMdirone tathA pAzupata maThane lepa thaI

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13 muM] dharma-saMpradAye (31 gayo. kadAca koI maTha khUNekhAMcare rahI gayA haze to e paNa kAlakrame - kadAca samAjanI upekSAne pariNAme - ghasAIne naSTa thaI gayA ane nakulIza ke lakulIzanA cAra ziSyo dvArA calAvAyelA manAtA pAzupatAdi cAre saMpradAyanI bhinnatAne sthAne sAde zaiva dharma parANika zivabhakti-svarUpe jIvaMta rahyo. | zivanuM liMga ja pUjAtuM hoI emanI mUrtine pracAra bahu ochA jevA maLe che. zivAlayane lagatA ulekhomAM prAyaH zivaliMganI pratiSThA abhipreta heya che. prabhAsa pATaNamAMnA saMgamezvara mahAdevanA maMdiramAMthI prApta thayela zilAlekha paNa zivanI liMgapratimAne ullekha kare che. * zaiva saMpradAyanuM ja nahi, paraMtu samasta hiMdu janatAnuM akhila bhAratIya mahattva dharAvatuM bAra jyotiliMganAM sthAnemAMnuM eka prabhAsa arthAta somanAthanuM mahAtIrtha mUrtibhaMjakanA zAsanakAlamAM ativikaTa sthitimAM AvI paDayuM. ulUdhakhAne I.sa. 1299mAM e maMdira toDayuM. 11 e pachI jUnAgaDhanA rA'kheMgAra 4thAe enI ghaNI suMdara marAmata karAvI. 12 vi.saM. 1473(I.sa. 1417)nA jUna rAtanA revatIkuMDanI pUrve zrImahAprabhujInI beThaka pAsethI prApta thayelA zilAlekha parathI samajAya che ke tyAM yAdava kheMgAre emanAtha nA liMganI sthApanA karI hatI. 13 kavacita sahiNa sUbe AvatAM dhArmika bAbatamAM kaMIka rAhatano dama levA. I.sa. 1777 mAM sUbA tarIke AvelA maleka mupharaha phata-ulU-mulkanA dasa varSanA zAsanaka lamAM hiMdu dharmane kaMIka zAtA vaLI ane e daramyAna prabhAsamAM pharIthI somanAthanI pUjA zarU thaI paraMtu ene mArI sU thaI beThela mujhaphapharakhAne I sa. 1395 mAM somanAtha bhAgyuM, eka maMdiramAM majida banAvI tathA tyAM islAmanA pracAra mATe maulavIo ane kAyadAnA amala mATe kAjhIo nImyA. 14 vi.sa. 1462 (Isa. 1406)ne eka zilAlekha somanAtha paranA enA bIjA AkramaNanI vigato Ape che. 15 tyAra bAda ahamadazAha 1 lAe paNa I.sa. 1414 ane 1415mAM humalo karI temanAthane pAyamAla karI mUkyuM evI hakIkata tArId-pitAe paNa nedhI che. 14 I.sa. 1451mAM rAmAMDalika 3 jAe muslima thANuM uThADI marI, somanAthanA maMdirane samAvI puna:pratiSThA karI yajJa karyA. 17 tyAra bAda mahamUda begaDAe prabhAsa upara paNa AkramaNa karyuM hatuM. 18 I.sa 1511 mAM mahamUda begaDAnuM avasAna thatAM sanata nabaLI paDI e takano lAbha laI brAhmaNae somanAthanI punaHpratiSThA karI pUjA zarU karI ema lAge che. chelle I.sa. 1547mAM phiraMgIoe vijayenmAdamAM gujarAtanA baMdara lUkyAM-bALyAM tyAre paNa prabhAsa-somanAthanI avadazA thaI hatI. 19

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ka2] saltanata phAza prAcIna kAlathI zivanI sAthe naMdi, gaNeza, pArvatI (ane phacita bhairava) e paviA-devatAo joDAyelA che. zivamaMdiromAM emanI mUrtio paNa sthApavAmAM AvI hoya che. naMdi zivanuM priya vAhana hAI A kAlanA abhilekhomAM enA ullekha paNa prApta thayA che. 20 Abu uparanA acalezvara mahAdevane pittaLane naMdi bhavya ane vizALakAya che. e piThiyAnI gAdI upara vi.saM. 1464(I.sa 1408) ne lekha che. 21 vaLI keTalAka abhilekhonA maMgalAcaraNamAM gaNeza ane pArvatI sAthe naMdine paNa ullekha thayo che. 22 gaNapatine vinahartA mAnyA he I prAcIna kAlathI dareka zubha kAryanA prAraMbhamAM e devane namaskAra karavAno ane emanuM pUjana karavAno rivAja cAlyA Avyo che. graMthAdimAM paNa A kAraNe prathama emanuM stavana karavAmAM Ave che. prastuta kAlakhaMDanA keTalAka abhilekhomAM paNa magalAcaraNamAM gaNapatine naskAra karelA jovA maLe che. 23 keTalAka lekhomAM vinAzaka tarIke gaNezanI stutinA zleka paNa prAraMbhe mUkelA che. 24 A uparAMta, gaNapatinI pratimAnI sthApanA karyAnA ulekhevALA saskRta zilAlekha paNa upalabdha thayA che. 25 ziva ane zakti paraspara joDAyelAM hovAthI zaiva saMpradAya sAthe zAkta saMpradAya atinikaTane saMbaMdha dharAve che. gujarAtamAM aMbA kAlI ane bAvAnAM mukhya zAktapITho uparAMta ghaNAM gauNa devIpIThe paNa AvelAM che. 24 aMbAnAM pradhAna pITha ArAsura ane kheDabrahmA, kAlInuM pAvAgaDha upara ane bAlAnuM cuMvALamAM Avela bahucarAjImAM che aMbikA zAradA kAlikA khojAI vagerenAM daseka devI maMdira A kAlakhaMDamAM baMdhAyAM heya ema upalabdha abhilekho parathI samajAya che. 27 vaLI pratyeka kuTuMba kuLa jJAti ane grAmane kuladevI grAmadevI gotradevI hoya che. sahatanata kAlanA abhilekhomAM AvAM zaktinAM maMdironA aneka ullekha Ave che, jemAM ArAsuranuM aMbikApITha, kAlAvaDanAM zItalA mAtA, haLavadanAM bhavAnI mAtA ane vAMkAneranAM mahAlakSmInAM maMdirone samAveza thAya che. 28 A kAlanA keTalAka abhilekhonA AraMbhamAM mAtAnI stuti karavA ke mUkelA che, jemake aMbikAna stuti. 29 bIjA keTalAka abhilekhonA maMgalAcaraNamAM devAone maskAra karyAnA paNa ullekha maLe che. 3vi.saM. 1582(Isa. 1526)nA samayanidezavALA UnA gAmanA eka zilAhokhamAM pArvatInI stuti karI che ane emAM ene saubhAgyadAyinI devI tarIke varNavI che.31 keTalAka zilAlekhomAM rAjajJAo kotarI che temAM e AjJA na pALanAra muslimone allAha rasUlanA ane kAphirone sarasvatInA athavA e je mUrtine pUjatA hoya tenA sogaMda ApyA che.

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13 zu| dhama sapradAyA [33 AvA be phrArasI lekha jUna!gaDha myujhiyamamAM rAkhelA che, jema te eka hi.sa. 859(I sa. 1455)ne ane bIjo hi.sa. 95(I.sa. 1543)te che.32 jema sAmanAtha AMkhala bhAratIya mahattvanuM prAcIna caitra tIrthA che, tema dvArakA akhila bhAratIya mahattvanuM prAcIna bhAgavata-vaiSNava tItha che. mahamUda megaDAe I.sa 1973 mAM A supraddhi vaiSNava tI' para trATakI madirAne nAtha karyA,33 chatAM A samagra kAlakhaMDa daramyAna vaiSNava saMpradAya paNa jIvaMta rahyAnAM aneka pramANa prApta thayAM che. khAsa karIne 15 mA zatakamAM vaiSNava dharmAMtA pravAha pUrajosamAM AvyA jaNAya che. vi saM. 1469( I sa. 1413)mAM nRsi MhAraNya tame racela vizva icadrodaya' nAmaka graMthanI eka hastaprata pATaNa bha'DAramAMthI maLI che,34 temAM sAmAnya paurANika vaiSNabhaktinuM nirUpaNa kareluM che. vallabhAcA ane caitanya jevAnI asara AvI te pahelAMneA sAmanya bhAgavatadhama yAre pramAna hatA.35 amadAvAdathI uttare AvelI aDAlajanI vAvane zilAlekha daDAhI pradezanA vAdhelA rAjA mekalisahune ' bhAgavatapradhAna ' tarIke eALakhAve che.36 vi.sa., 1555( naM.sa. 1499 )nA A lekhamAM vAdhelA mekalisa he bhAgavatAnA samUhanI rakSA karyAne ullekha che.37 A kAkhaMDamAM mAdhava-rukmiNI lakSmInArAyaNa balarAma-revatI dvArakAdhIza madanage|pAla narisaMha vagerenAM thaIne 10 thI 12 vaiSNava maMdira sthapAyAMnA ullekha upalabdha che.38 . huvAnA lakSmInArAyaNa madiramAMthI vi. saM. 1500( I.sa 1444)nA abhilekha maLele che, jenAM eka zreSThIe bAva karAvI ne emAM lakSmI sahita jazAyI purANapuruSa(nArAyaNa) te padharAvyA ullekha karele che. e vAva baMdhAvanAranA kulamAM ghaNA viSNubhakta thayA hatA evuM paNa emAM jaNAveluM che.39 dhoLakAnA vAvamAM paNa zeSazAyI viSNu padharAvyanA ullekha che.ja AvAM lzaye! sAthe jalazAyI tarIke viSNune sUcaka sabaMdha che ema jaNAya che. . keTalAka abhilekhoma viSNunI stutithI prAra Mbha karAyA che. vi. saM. 1437 ( I.sa. 1781)nA jUnAgaDha jillAnA dhAmaLejana! vizRgayA athavA cakratI nAmanA taLAva pAsethI maLelA zilAlekhamAM 'hari'nI stutithI prAraMbha karAye che ane A te viSNu; prIyatAm ' eve! ullekha karelA che.41 dhaMdhusara pAsenI hAnIvAvanI vi. saM. 1445(I.sa. 1389)nI prazastimAM jalazAyI viSNunA prazne'dha jaya mATe thAe! ' evI viSNustutithI prAraMbha karAyA che.42 vi. sa. 1473(I.sa. 1917)nA jUnAgADha-giranAranA revatIkuMDa uparanA upara batAvelA sa MskRta zilAlekhamAM navanItacera dAmeAdaranI stutithI zarUAta karAI che,43

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34] satata kAla vi. saM. 14pa6( I.sa. 1400)nA pATaDImAMthI prApta thayela abhilekhamAM eka karNarAjane "mariyaLa:" kahyuM che. bIjA eka zilAlekhamAM maMtrI sUda viSNubhakta tarIke nirUpelo che. 45 jUnAgaDha mahIpAladeva viSNupUjana karate hatA evo ullekha maLe che ke keTalAka abhilekhamAM "viSNuno vAsaH ' zrIkaLavAvara" "samasyA vidagmAM zrIkRdAnamatuM', viro: prArAta' jevA ullekha Ave che. bIjA keTalAkamAM "raNachoDajInA caraNasevAne prAsAda 48 svargalekanA dhaNI che satyazrI raNachoDa 49 jevA ullekha paNa jovA maLe che. vaLI eka zilAlekhamAM viSNunA priya bhakto prahUlAda dhruva nArada Adine nirdeza karatI paMkti mUkelI che.pa0 A badhA ullekha spaSTa kare che ke saltanata kALamAM vaiSNava saMpradAya paNa sArI rIte prarvatamAna hatuM. viSNunI je mUrtio gujarAtamAMthI prApta thaI che teomAMnI moTA bhAganI " trivikrama nI jaNAI che. keTalAka kavioe paNa viSNubhakti-kRSNabhaktine vega Ape che. A kAlakhaMDamAM viharela ka veomAM khAsa ullekhanIya che "raNamala chaMdane racayitA zrI para, parama vaiSNava narasiMha mahetA, virasaMga, karmaNamaMtrI, rAmAyaNakAra mAMDaNa, bhIma, janArdana, bhAlaNa, mahAna kRSNabhakta kavayitrI mIrAbAI, nAkara, vasta, emanI bhAvavAhI racanAoe hiMdu dharmamAMnA vaiSNava saMpradAyanA prava ane avikhalita rIte vaheto rAkhe. 15 mA-16 mA zatakamAM mahAta vaiSNavAcArya vallabhAcArya tathA emanA putra viThThalanAtha gujarAtamAM aneka vAra AvI gayA ane vaiSNava saMpradAyanA pravAhe navA jhoka sAthe avika vega pakaDayo gujarAtanI vepArI prajAne vallabhAcAryanI puSTimAgIya kRSNabhakti ruci jatAM dhIme dhIme enI jamAvaTa thavA lAgI.para selaMkI kAlamAM sUrya pUjAne pracAra samasta gujarAta-saurASTra-kacchamAM vyApaka svarUpe hate.pa3 saltanata kALamAM paNa Aditya arthAta sUryanI pUjA thatI ane sUrya maMdira paNa bAMdhavAmAM AvatAM hovAnuM aneka abhilekho uparathI, spaSTa thAya che. upAsanAmAM sUryane "Aditya' e nAma khAsa pracalita hatuM. 54 sUryanI stutithI zarU thatA zilAlekha paNa upalabdha thayA che.55 "sarva daya' "kRSNArka" "mukhyA jevAM Aditya" ane "arka padAMtayukta manuSyanAme paNa pravartamAna sUryopAsanAnI sAkSI pUre che 54 abhilekhAdimAM upalabdha pramANe uparathI jaNAya che ke jUnAgaDha jillAmAM sUrya pUjAne pracAra tema prasAra sArA pramANamAM hatuM, je prAya: 15 mI zatAbdIthI kSINa thato gaye che. 57

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dharmasaMpradAya t365 sUrya sarva prahane svAmI heI navagrahapUjAnuM paNa prastuta samaye astitva hatuM evuM jaNAya che. vi. saM. 1582(I. sa. 1526)nA UnAmAMthI maLelA abhilekhamAM sUrya sAthe bIjA grahonI stuti karavAmAM AvI che.pa8 navagrahanA samUhapaDho sthApita karyAnA ullekha paNa prApta thAya che. AvA navagrahapaTTa meDherAnA prasiddha sUryamaMdiramAM, prabhAsamAM triveNI pAsenA sUryamaMdiranA dvAra para, thAnanA mukhya maMdiramAM siMhadvAranA zirobhAge ane mUtrApADAnA sUryamaMdiranI dakSiNabAjanI bhIMtamAMthI maLyA che, je padomAM sAmAnya rIte sUryanA be hAthamAM kamaLa, caMdranA be hAthamAM padma ane anya grahonA hAthamAM moTe bhAge mALA ane kamaMDaLa rAbetAM hoya che; jeke kavacit AmAM thoDA pheraphAra paNa thayA karatA hoya che. 59 A uparAMta A kAlakhaMDamAM anya devanI sthApanA pharyAnA ulekha paNa upalabdha thayA che. IMdra ane bIjA dikapAlanI sthApanAnA nirdeza paNa pharvacit prApta thAya che. UnAnA zivapArvatInA maMdiramAMthI maLelA abhilekhamAM drAdi dikapAlanI pratimAonI sthApanAne ullekha kare che. * A badhA pramANethI pratIta thAya che ke hiMdu dharmanA zaiva zAkta vaiSNava jevA pradhAna saMpradAya tathA AdityAdi graha ane drAdi dipAla vagerenA arcananI praNAlIo A kAlakhaMDamAM pracalita hatI, paraMtu A vibhinna saMpradAyanA alaga vADA hatA ema kahI zakAya nahi. thokabaMdha abhilekhe darzAve che ke sAmAnya hiMdu prajAjanane mana to A sarva deva pUjanIya hatA ane tethI ja abhilekhamAM bahudhA koI eka ja sAMpradAyika devanuM smaraNa ke stuti na karatAM vividha devane namaskAra karavAmAM AvyA che. A sarvatamakhI hiMdubhAvanAnAM udAharaNa te sarva kAlanA abhilekhAdi ane graMthAdinA prAraMbhe dRSTigocara thAya che ? A kAlakhaMDamAM hiMdu prajA avasara maLatAM navI mUtionI sthApanA ane navAM maMdironI racanA mATe paNa taka jhaDapatI rahI. nAnA nAnA hiMdu rAjAonA pratsAhane tathA samaye samaye AvatA sabhAvazIla hiMdu-muslima amaladAronI sahAnubhUtie temaja kavio ane tenI pairyapUrNa pravRttio hiMdu dharmanI mahAnadInA piSaka ane pUraka vividha saMpradAyonA pravAhane TakAvI rAkhavAmAM ochevatto hisso Apyo che. .

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18) sanata [Y=.. ra. jaina dasa kavi vivekadhoraNae racelA sulatAna bahAdurazAhanA samakAlIna * zatrugathIyAMDhAma5 - ane enI kavi lAvaNyasamaya-racita prazasti, kavinI atyukti bAda karatAM, tatkAlIta jaina samAjanA sArA khyAla Ape cheka 2 enA ucca hAddo dharAvanAra sava muddezALI puruSA aeka sulatAna sudhI peAtAnI lAgavaga vAparI jANutA ane e dvArA dhAyuM kAma karAvI letA; AthI hiMdu madirA karatAM jaina maMdizane pramANamAM dhaNuM ochuM nukasAna thayuM che ane bhagna madirAnA chauddhAra mATe temaja navAM madira bAMdhavA tathA navI pratimAonI pratiSThA karavA mATe paNa sulatAneAna paravAnagI jaitA meLavI zakatA. 13. zatru Mjaya giranAra ane Abu jevAM tArthInI yAtrAe dhaNI vAra yeAjAtI ane kAI dIkSA le ke ke, Ine AcAryapada prApta thAya tyAre paNa dhAmadhUmapUrva ka utsava UjavAtA. A samagra kAlakha`Da upara dRSTipAta karatAM avazya samajAya che ke jainAe peAtAnAM maMdirA, vepAra temaja sAhityasevAnI akhaMDatA tema sAtatya jALavavAnA prayatna chevaTa sudhI jArI rAkhyA, eTalu N ja niha, paNa emanuM bhASAsAhitya te UlaTu pUrvakAla karatAMye vadhAre pramANamAM racAyu,64 vi.sa. 1369(i.sa. 1313)mAM muslimee jaitenA mahAtIrthaM zatruMjaya uparanA mukhya maMdirane nAza karyAM ane tyAMnI AdIzvara pratimAne paNa bhAMgI nAkhI.65 jinaprabhasUrinA samakAlIna graMtha'vividhatIrtha%01'mAM A prasaMga varNavela che. 66 A ja arasAmAM Apyu uparanAM vimalavasahi ane givasahine bhaMga karyA ane tyAMnI mUrtione paNa teADI nAkhI,67 e varSa bAda zatruMjaya uparanAM dizA punarudghAra thayA. mULa pAlanapuranA ane pachI pATaNamAM AvIne rahelA esavAla desaLanA putra samarasiMhyu ke samarAzAhe gujarAtanA nAjhima apakhAnanI paravAnagIthI gRhAra karAvI upadezagacchanA siddhasUri pAse AdIzvaranI pratimAnI pratiSThA karAvI,68 zatruMjaya upara aMgArazAha nAme musalamAna karAmatI karanI kabara paNa che; musalamAna lazkaranA humalAmAMthI bacavA mATe e UbhI karAI huM ya e zakaya che.69 A pachI e tInuM mukhya maMdira pharIthI khaMDita thayuM. e kayA gujarAtI sulatAnanA samayamAM khaMDita thayuM. ene spaSTa ullekha maLatA nathI, paraMtu sulatAna bahAdurazAha pAsethI enA punaruddhAranuM mAna meLavI mevADanA zeTha karmothAhe visa, 1187

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13 muM ] dhama-sadA [3 (I.sa. 1531)mAM vidyAmaMDanasuri pAse puna:pratiSThA karAvI. sulatAne A kamAna dvArA sarvane mATe tIrthayAtrAnI saraLatA karAvI lIdhI. abu uparanAM vimalavasahi ane luNigavasahi. Adi maMdirone punaradhAra vi.saM. 1378(I.sa. 1322)mAM karAye. vimalavasahine uddhAra lala ane vIjaDa nAmanA pitarAI bhAIoe karAvyuM, jyAre zivasahine saMdhapati pIthaDe. zrImAlAjJAtIya khetala ane bIjAoe paNa tyAre anya devakulikAe tyAM karAvI.71 amadAvAdanA sulatAna ahamadazAha 1lAnA mAnya samarasiMha sane e semasuMdarasUrinA upadezathI siddhAcalanI yAtrAe AvI, giranAranI yAtrA karI tyAMnA neminAthanA traNa kalyANakanA cetyano arthAta vastupAlanA prAsAdane uddhAra karyo, jemAM jinakIrti sarie pratiSThA karI. A pahelAM vi.saM. 1449(I.sa. 1393)mAM khaMbhAtanA zrImAlI hara zAhe paNa giranAranA neminAthaprAsAdano uddhAra karyAne ullekha maLe che.73 e ja rIte Iladurga(IDara)nA rAva pUjAnA mAnya vaccharAjasuta goviMda sAdhu( =zAha, vaNika)e tAraNugari (tAra gA) uparanA kumArapAle karAvelA vihArane uddhAra karyo ane emAM nava bhArapaTTa (bhAravADa) caDAvyA ane rataMbhe karAvyA. A uddhAra rAva pUjAnA avasAna (I.sa. 1428) pahelAM thayo hovAnuM jaNAya che.74 A punaruddhAra zakya banyo enuM eka mukhya kAraNa e gaNAvI zakAya ke e ke mane koI ne koI puruSa kAM to ucca hoddA para hoya agara te bIjI rIte paNa rAjayakartAnuM mAna saMpAdana karanAre heya. dAkhalA tarIke vi.sa. 1410 (1354)mAM "zAMtinAthacarita' mahAkAvya racanAra bRhadagacchIya munibhadrasUrie pIrojazAha sulatAnanI rAjasabhAmAM pratiSThA prApta karelI hatI.75 sulatAna ahamadazAhanA darabAramAM guNarAja saMghavI, gadAmaMtrI ane karmaNama trI e nAmanA meTA amaladAra hatA-(kadAca maMtrIo haze)-evuM jaina sAhityamAMthI vidita thAya che. vi.saM. 161 (I.sa. 1554)mAM prakhyAta hIravijayasUrine ra7 varSanI vaye zirohImAM AcAryapada aparNa thayuM tyAre dUdA rAjAnA jena maMtrI cAMgA saMghavIe utsava karela.77 e pachI hIravijayasUri pATaNa gayA tyAre tyAM ahamadazAha ra jAnA sUbedAra paThANa yavana zerakhAnanuM zAsana cAlatuM hatuM tenA saciva samaratha bhaNazAlIe tyAre A sarinA mAnamAM gacchAnujJA mahatsava karyo.78 alpakhAnanA zAsanakAlamAM ja, vi.saM. 1366 (I.sa. 1910)mAM zatru. jayAdinI yAtrA karanAra, zAha jesale khaMbhAtamAM popadhazAlA sahita ajitanAthanuM

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368] satanata kA (pra. vidhicaitya baMdhAvyuM hatuM.79 vi.sa. 1394(I.sa. 138) mAM vimalamaMtrInA vaMzaja maMtrI abhayasiMhanA putra maMtrI jagasiMha ane enA putra maMtrI bhANa ke Abu uparanA vimalavasatinI aMdara aMbikA devInI mUrti karAvI. * vi.saM. 1444(I.sa. 1388)mAM kharataragacchIya jinarAjarie cittoDamAM AdinAthanI pratiSThA karI.81 goviMda sAdhu( -zAha)e tAraMgAnA kumArapAlavihArane uddhAra karyo tyAre eNe tyAM ArAsaNanI khANanA khAsa ArasamAMthI ghaDAvela ajitanAthanuM moTuM biba vi.saM. 1470 (I.sa. 1423)mAM semasuMdarasUrine zubha haste ja pratiti karAvyuM.82 kharataragacchIya prabhAvaka AcArya jinabhadrasUrinI preraNAthI giranAra cittoDagaDha mAMDavyapura(maMDa vara) Adi sthaLee meTAM jinAlaya baMdhAvAyAM ane maMDapadurga(mAMDavagaDha) prahUlAdanapura(pAlanapura) vagere nagaromAM aneka jinabiMbanI pratiSThA karAI.83 A ja arasAmAM giranAra upara paNa be navAM caitya baMdhAyAM. pUrNacaMdra koThArIe eka moTuM jinamaMdira tyAM baMdhAvyuM, jemAM jinakIrtisUrie pratiSThA karI ane gaMdhAranA lobA saMdhapatie karAvela caturmukha jinAlayamAM samadevasUrie pratiSThA karI.84 jUnAgaDhanA rAmaMDalikanA rAjyamAM vi.saM. 1509(I.sa. 1453)mAM staMbhatIrthavAsI zAhArAje giranAra para vimalanAthane prAsAda baMdhAvyA, jemAM bRhad tapAgacchanA ratnasiMhasUrie pratiSThA karI. A saMbaMdhI vizALa zilAlekha prathamAdha giranAra para mojUda che.85 saMprati rAjAnA maMdiramAMthI vi.saM. 1523 (I.sa. 1467)nA samayanirdezavALo eka suMdara kalAmaya parikara maLI Avyo che, jenA upara spaSTa vidhAna che ke e viSe udayavalabhasUrinA upadezathI zrIsaMghe vimalanAthadeva parikara sahita banAvyA ane jJAnasAgarasUrie enI pratiSThA karI. be varSa bAda vi saM. 15ra 5 I.sa. 1469)mAM suMdara maMtrInA putra ane sulatAna mahimUdanA maMtrI gadAe AbunA bhImavihAra-bhImAzAvALA aSabhadevanA maMdiramAM 120 maNa vajananuM pittaLanuM RSabhadevanuM biMba temajayasUri dvArA pratiSThita karAvyuM.87 sojitrAmAM ahammadAbAdanA vAsI zrIgadarAja maMtrIe trIza hajAra drampa khacI navuM jaina maMdira karAvI emAM somadevasUri dvArA pratiSThA karAvI hatI.88 e ja rIte vi.saM. 1533(I.sa. 1477)mAM amIpuranA ukezavaMzIya sonI bhAIo Izvara ane patAe IDaranA bhANa rAjAnA dugara uparanA prAsAda karatAM UMce prasAda karAvI emAM ghaNAM biMba sAthe ajitanAthanA biMbanI lakSmIsAgarasUri pAse pratiSThA karAvI hatI.89

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13] dhamansamA ATalI vigata uparathI eTaluM spaSTa thaI zake ema che ke A kaparA kAlamAM jene maMdira-mUrtinI prasthApanapravRtti cAlu rAkhI zakyA hatA. sUripadaprAptinA utsa, yAtrAo vagere dvArA paNa teo dhArmika utsAha TakAvI zakyA hatA.* A hakIkata zrama pratyenI gRhasthonAM bhakti-pUjyabhAvanI paNa ghAtaka gaNAya. vi. saM. 1507(I.sa. 1451)mAM ranasiMhasUrinA paTTAbhiSekanA avasare jUnAgaDhanA rA'mAMDalike paMcamI aSTamI ane caturdazInA divasoe potAnA rAjyamAM kaI jIvanI hiMsA na thavI joIe evI amAriASaNa karI te pahelAM ekAdazI ane amAvAsyAe te AvI amAri paLAtI hatI ? Ane Agale varSe arthAta vi.saM. 1506(I.sa. 1450)mAM mahArANA kuMbhakarNa-kubhAe AbunA jaina yAtriko pAsethI muMDakuM vaLAvuM vagere na levA ane emanuM rakSaNa karavA sadhI vyavasthApatra lakhI ApeluM.92 siddharAjanA zAsanakAlamAM vi.saM. 1181(I.sa. 1125)mAM vetAMbaradigaMbara vaccenA prasiddha vAdamAM digaMbare hArI jatAM zarata pramANe emane gujarAta cheDI javuM paDyuM hatuM, tyArathI gujarAtamAM e saMpradAyanuM mahattva ghaTI gayuM hatuM. paraMtu zrI, me. da desAI jaNAve che e mujaba prAyaH tapAgacchIya prasiddha AcArya somasuMdarasUrinA samayamAM-arthAta vi.saM. 1500(I.sa. 1444) pahelAM IDaramAM digaMbarI bhaTTAranI gAdI sthapAI ane tyAra pachI sojitrAmAM paNa thaI.94 jainenA sAhityavikAsamAM paNa A kAla daramyAna khAsa rukAvaTa AvI nahi, UlaTuM jenonuM bhASAsAhitya to pUrvakALa karatAM A kAlakhaMDamAM vadhAre vikasyuM." graMtharacanA uparAMta graMthaddhAranuM kArya paNa A kAlamAM ThIka ThIka vegIluM rahyuM, ane vikramanA 15mA saikAnA madhyamAM ane aMtamAM hajAro hataprato lakhAI.96 tADapatro baMdha thayAM ane enuM sthAna kAgaLe lIdhuM ane game te kAraNa hoya, paraMtu jUnA sarva tADapatrIya graMthanI nakale kAgaLa upara lakhavAmAM AvI, ekI samaye ekIsAthe gujarAta ane rAjasthAnanA prasiddha bhaMDAronI tADapratane jIrNoddhAra thayo che A rIte taiyAra thatA vipula sAhityane rAkhavA mATe aneka graMthAlaya paNa A samayamAM sthapAyAM. jesalamera, jAbAlipura (jAhera), devagiri, ahipura nAgara ane pattana-pATaNamAM vizALa pustakAlaya sthApyAM e jinabhadrasUrinuM atiI-5-24

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370 ] sanata phAra mahattvanuM kAryuM hatuM.98 pethaDa ane maMDalikanA vaMzaja paryaMte paNa vi.saM. 1571(I.sa. 1515)mAM graMthasaDAra sthApyAnA ullekha maLe che,99 ( jaineAnI jIvadayAvRtti ane udAratAnAM paNa keTalAMka udAharaNa A kAla daramyAna te dhAyAM che. mahamUda khegaDAnA zAsanakAla daramyAna vi.saM. 1539(I.sa. 1483)nA arasAmAM gujarAtamAM bhAre dukALa paDelA tyAre jaina zeTha khemA huDAliyAe gujarAtane puSkaLa anAja pUruM pADI eka vANiyA zAha, ane bIjo zAha pAdazAha ' e kahevatane janma ApyA hateA.100 e ja rIte vi.sa. 1582(I.sa. 1526) mAM duSkALa paDelA tyAre jaina osavALa bhatrI nagarAje sadAvrata cAlu rAkhIne traNa karoDa pirAjI sikkAnuM kharca karyuM hatuM. 1 1 - 1 jaina dharmAMnA zvetAMbara ane diga`khara evA be saMpradAya tA cheka bhadrakhahunA samayamAM alaga pADelA, paraMtu tyArapachI vividha kAraNAne lIdhe zvetAMbarAmAM aneka vADA paDathA, je 'gaccha ' nAmathI jANItA che. AmAMnA keTalAka guccha tA AcAramAM Avela zithilatA nivAravAnA hetuthI sthapAyelA: paraMtu astivamAM AvyA pachI moTe bhAge A hetu bhulAI gaye| te gacche peAtapeAtAnA alaga astitvane TakAvI rAkhavA mATe ja mathavA lAgyA ane e rIte jaina dharma nAnAmoTA aneka vADAmAM vaheMcAI gaye|. prastuta kAlakhaMDamAM paNa jaina saMdhamAMthI aneka gaccha udbhavyA. emAM prathama Ave che 'jIrApallI' athavA jIrAvalA' gaccha, e bRhad gacchanI zAkhA che. A gaccha kayAre alaga paDajo enI mAhitI maLatI nathI, paraMtu rAjasthAnamAM Avela prAcIna sthaLa jIrAvalamAM ene prArabha thayeA haze, A gacchane lagatA visa'. 1406(I.sa. 1350)thI vi.saM. 151pa(I.sa. 1459) sudhInA pratimAlekha prakAzita thayA che. 102 ['$1. vi.sa'. 1422(I.sa. 1366)mAM kharatara gacchamAMthI 'vegaDa 'gaccha alaga paDayo. kharatagacchanA chAjeDa gAtranI vegaDa zAkhAnA dhavallabha upAdhyAya jesalameramAM rahetA hatA temanA gacchanA jineyasUrie emane acArya pada na ApatAM teoe sAmeAra jaI vArAhI devInI ArAdhanA karI. e pachI rudrapakSIgacchanA eka AcArye pATaNamAM vi.sa. 1422(I.sa. 1766)mAM A upAdhyAyane AcAryanI padavI ApI emane ' jinezvarasUri' nAma ApyuM. mA jinezvarasUrie peAtAnA zrImata ane ucca adhikArI evA kuTubIjaneAnI sahAya vaDe navA vegaDagaccha' sthApyuM. 103 vi.sa. 1508(I sa. 1452)mAM amadAvAdanA lahiyA leAMkA zAhune kAI sAdhue sAthe aNubanAva thaze. e pachI vi.saM. 1530(I.sa. 1474)mAM ma

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13 muM] dhamansaparAya lakhamasI nAmane ziSya enI sAthe bhaLyo. teoe e ja sAlamAM "lokAgaccha sthA che. emane mukhya virodha jinapratimAnI pUjA sAme hato. emanA mata pramANe Agamo mUrtipUjAno Adeza ApatA nathI. lakA zAhe pote dIkSA na lIdhI, paNa bIjA enA upadezathI dIkSA laIne "RSi" banyA. pAdazAhane mAnIte pIrojakhAna maMdira ane pauSadhazALAo teDatA hatA tevA samaye A gaccha uddabhavyo tethI ghaNA loko enA vicAramAM bhaLyA. A gacchane vizeSa pracAra pArakha lakhamasI tathA RSi bhANAe karyo ane thoDA samayamAM ja enI keTalIye upazAkhA ubhI thaI, jevI ke (1) lakhamasI pArakhanA nAmathI pArakhamatI ubhavI. (2) vi.saM. 1542 (I.sa. 1486)mAM rUpA gujarAtIe "gujarAtagaccha' Ubho karyo. (3) "utarAdhI" athavA sarovAmatI' nAmanI peTAzAkhA thaI. (4) vi.saM. 1581(I.sa. 1para5)mAM nAgoranA rUpacaMda, hirAgara ane sIcaI gAMdhIe nAgorI upazAkhA sthApI. vi.saM. 1533(I.sa. 1477)mAM zirohI senA araghaTTa pATakanA nivAsI prAgvATa jJAtinA "RSi bhANuthI pratibhAniSedhane A vAda vizeSa pracAmAM AvyuM. emAM mAnanArane mUrtipUjake "lu5ka-veSadharautthApaka" kahI tiraskAratA. kavi lAvaNyasamaye loMkAmatanuM khaMDana karatI "siddhAMta pAI' jUnI gujarAtImAM vi.saM. 154 (I.sa. 1487)mAM racI. *Y ekAMta sthAna-daMDhAmAM rahevAnuM pasaMda karatA hoI teo pitAne TUMDhiyA" paNa kahevarAvatA. vi.saM. 157 (I.sa. 1514)mAM emAMthI nIkaLI bIjA nAmanA gRhastha "bIjamata" sthApyuM, jene kavacita "vijayaga7' paNa kahe che. Azare vi.saM. 1700 I.sa. 1644)mAM lavajI RSie enI rathAnakvAsI zAkhA kADhI, jene pracAra tema prasAra TUMka samayamAM ghaNo sAro thayo. prAraMbhamAM mAtra 22 RSinuM jUtha baneluM tethI bAIsaTolA' kahevAtA. have to seMkaDe sAdhu-sAdhvIo ane lAkho zrAvakone vizALa samudAya "sthAnakavAsI banI gayo che ane mUrtipUjake jeTalI ja emanI paNa saMkhyA thavA jAya che. 105 rAjasthAnamAM bIjA aneka gaccha thayA. chevaTe tapAgacchane AnaMdavimalasUrie vi.saM. 1582(I.sa. 15ra 6)mAM dharmazithilatA dUra karavA mATe krioddhAra karyo. pote 14 varSanI ugra tapazcaryA AdarI ane sthaLe sthaLe vicarI ugra vihAra karyo. AnI lokeA upara sArI chApa paDI. sAvIo mATe 35 belanA niyana lekha pATaNamAMthI vi.saM. 1583( I.sa. 15ra7)mAM bahAra pADyo, jenI vigata tatkAlIna sAdhusaMdhanI sthiti para prakAza pADe che. *

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3:2] saltanata sA . paraMtu jaina dhamamAM AMtarika vikhavAda bahu prabaLa thaI paDayo hatA. 'kharataragaccha' ane tapAgaccha ' vacce vaimanasya ane dhRNA hatAM. sAmAnya rIte kharataragacchIya sAdhue mAravADa-mevADamAM viharatA ane tapAgacchIya gujarAtamAM hiratA. vaLI amadAvAdamAM lAMkA zAhe sthApela sapradAya mUrti pukhta ane enA upadezaka sAdhuone prabaLa harIph banI gayA hatA. AMtarika vikhavAdanA pariNAme dharmAcAryonuM mahattva ghaTI javA lAgyu hatuM, 107 .. AvA samaye akabara bAdazAha jevA upara paNa prabhAva pADanAra prakhara prabhAvaka zrI hIravijayasUrinA udaya thayA. e eka ati zubha sImAcihna banI gayuM gaNAya. 3. islAma sahatanata kAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM musalamAnAnI vastI sArA pramANamAM hatI. musalamAtA peAtAnA dharmanuM custapaNe pAlana karavA mATe jANItA che. gujarAtanA tatkAlIna musalamAnAmAM dharmaprArakA, zAsaka ane sipAhIe, tathA dharmAMtara karela dezI muslimA hatA. dhamapracArakA islAmane sAcI rIte samajIne enuM pAlana karatA. teonuM mukhya kArya dharmanA pracAranuM hAI, te islAmanA uttama ulo pramANe peAtAnuM jIvana jIvatA ane e rIte anya loka upara prabhAva pADI emane islAma lAvatA. rAjyakartA ane sipAhIe dhArmika jhanUnanA kAraNe islAmanuM pAlana karatA. muslima eliyA, daraveza ane ulemAAnI emanI upara asara rahetI, tethI tee islAmanuM pAlana karavA uparAMta ene prasAra karavAnuM kAma paNa dhA`ika jhanUnathI karatA. amadAvAdanA svataMtra sulatAnA mAMthI sulatAna ahamadazAha 1 le, mahamUda begaDA ane mahamUda 2 jo--e traNa sunnatAnee islAmanA pracAra mATe khAsa prayatna karyo hatA. bAkI rahI Ama muslima prajA, teeA moTA bhAga dharmAMtara karela dezI tattvAnA hatA. teoe islAmanA svIkAra karela heI tee enuM pAlana khaMtapUrvaka karatA. islAmanuM pAlana karavA mATe teo buddhi ke jJAnane badale zraddhA ane vizvAsane upayega karatA. gujarAtanA musalamAneAmAM sunnI ane ziyA baMne majahabanA anuyAyI hatA. emAM sunnIonI saMkhyA ghaNI meTI hatI, gujarAtamAM sunnI majahabanA pracAra mukhyatve rAjyakartAonI deAravaNIyI ane ziyA majahabane pracAra dharmopadezakeAnA khethI thayeA hateA. rAjyakartAthamAM moTA bhAganA sunnI hatA, jyAre gujarAtamAM ismAilI ziyAnA pracAra mATe Avela moTA bhAganA saMtA dAI ane pIra hatA.

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dhama-saMpradAya [373 IlAmano pracAra karanAra rAjyakartAomAM mukhya to gujarAtane sUbe alpakhAna ane gujarAtanA keTalAka sulatAna hatA. ziyA majahabane phelAve IrAnathI mokalavAmAM AvelA upadezakoe karyo hato, jemAM mustAlI ismAilI athavA vaherAonA majahabI ImAma taraphathI AvelA dAI abdullA (I.sa. 1067) ane pitAne zekha-ula-jalaba tarIke oLakhAvatA, alamUtanA zAsanakartA hasana alA jhiphri hissalAma ane ismAilI saMpradAyane pracAra karavA mokalelA nUra satagara mukhya che. gujarAtanA musalamAnone sAmAnya rIte rUDhicusta gaNI zakAya, tethI dInanAM pharamAna teo saMbhALapUrvaka ane cIvaTathI pALatA. e uparAMta emanI keTalIka mAnyatAo, utsavo ane dhArmika zraddhAprerita prasaMge paNa sArI rIte UjavAtA. gujarAtanA saiyade ane keTalAka citI ane pharIthI zekha pIrImurIdI(guru-ziSya)ne dhaMdho karatA. pIrane mAnanAra ene murIda kahevAto. mAnatAo mAnavI e IralAmanI zarUAta pahelAno rivAja che. rAjA rAkhavA, amuka vakhata namAja paDhavI, kherAta karavI, garIbene jamADavA athavA kaI dhArmika ke dharma makAna ke saMsthA baMdhAvavAM, e sthApavAnI mAnatA rAkhavI, e badhu IslAmanA kAyadAkAnUna anusAra che. dhArmika vRttivALA musalabhAno A prakAranI mAnatA mAnatA. uparAMta teo hayAta athavA pahelAM thaI gayelA valI eliyA ke pIra pegaMbaranI mAnatAo paNa mAnatA. musalamAnomAM dhArmika makAna sAdhAraNa rIte traNa prakAranAM hatAM ? (1) masjida, (2) sunIonI IdagAha (IdanI namAja paDhavAnI jagyAo) ane (3) ziyAonA ImAmavADAe, jema teo emanA imAmonI tArIpha paDhe che ane emanA marasiyA gAya che. gujarAtamAM nedhapAtra evA be ImAmavADA, eka suratamAM ane bIje khaMbhAtamAM che. emAM paNa khaMbhAtane ImAmavADe ghaNe bhavya che. majahabI hoddedAromAM mujAvara (majida sAphasUpha rAkhanAra ane rAtre emAM dIvAbattI karanAra), mutavalI ke valI (TrasTI). rojanI namAja paDhAvanAra mullA, sunIomAM jummAnA khullA paDhanAra khatIba, ziyAonA ImAmavADAomAM bharasiyA gAnAra "bharasiyAkhAna', zariyatanA kAnUna zIkhavanAra maulavI ane tatkAlIna dIvAnI takarAramAM pheMsalA karanAra kAcha mukhya che.

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jhao ] satanata kAla musalamAna je divasene pavitra samajI zraddhApUrvaka Ujave che te A pramANe cheH maherama (varSane zarUAtane mahine, jemAM ImAma husenanI zahAdata thaI hatI), bArA vaphAta (rabI ula avvalanI 12 mI tArIkhe jyAre ha. pegaMbara sAhebanI vaphAta thaI hatI), zabe merAja (je rAte ha. pegaMbara sAheba, allAha pAkanI mulAkAta mATe gayA hatA), zabe barAta (je rAte vidhAtA, jene janma hajI thayA nathI tevA AtmAonI takadIra lakhe che), zabe kadra (je rAte islAmanI sauthI pahelI "vahI maLI hatI), ramajAna Ida (ramajAna mAsamAM rojA purA thayA pachI anAjanI kherAta karavAne divasa), bakarI Ida (je divase ha. IbrAhIma pegaMbare alAha tAlAnA pharamAnathI potAnA putra ha. IsmAIlanI kurabAnI ApI hatI), ane Ida-e-gIra (je divase ziyAonI mAnyatA mujaba ha, pegaMbara sAhebe ha. alIne potAnA vArasa nImyA hatA). islAmamAM rikA , zrI karIma mahaMmada bhAratane sunIonA 4 phirakA, ziyAonA 12 phrikA, khyArijhIonA 12 phirA, majahabe jhibriyAnA 9 phirakA, majahabe kAdariyAnA 12 phirakA, majahabe jhahimiyAna 12 phirakA ane majahabe murjiyAnA 12 phirakA maLI kula 73 ane bIjA vadhArAnA 12 phirakA maLI Azare 85 phirakAonAM nAma pitAnA "mahAgujarAtanA musalamAna' (bhA. 1 ane 2, pRSTha 445 ane 446)mAM gaNAvyA che, jemAM Adhunika samayamAM utpanna thayelA vahAbI, bAbI vagere phirakAo bAda karatAM moTA bhAganA phirakA satatanA samayamAM astitvamAM AvI gayA hatA. gujarAtane sparze che tyAM sudhI ziyA ane sunIonA phirakA vadhu mahatvanA hatA. | musalamAne ha. muhammada paigaMbara sAheba dvArA pravartAvela IralAmamAM mAne che, paraMtu ha. pegaMbara sAhebanI vaphAta pachI emanA vArasadAranA ane musalamAne be mukhya vibhAgomAM vaheMcAI gayA: sunnI ane ziyA. uparyukata vibhAga ane peTAvibhAge meTe bhAge te vArasanA praznanA kAraNe ja uddabhavyA che. - ha. muhammada paigaMbara sAheba pachI emanA vArasadAra koNa-emanA jamAI ha. alI ke emanA traNa asahAba-ha. abubakara, ha. umara ane ha. usamAna ? ha. alI pegaMbara sAhebanA kuTuMbI hatA, emanI putrI ha. phAtimAnA pati hatA ane hajarata pegaMbare pote ja emane Ida-e-madIranA divase pitAnA kuTuMbI tarIke jAhera karyA hatA. bIjI bAju ha. abubakara, ha. umara ane ha. usamAna pegaMbara sAhebanA asahabA hatA, vaDIle hatA ane saMniSTha sAthe dAra hatA

Page #406
13 su'] dhamapradAyo je musalamAne e ha. alIneA khilAphatane dAvA maMjUra rAkhyA te anya musalamAtethI judA paDayA, kAraNa ke huM. pegaMbara sAhebanI vaphAta pachI 4. mukhakara sAhema hajharatanA pahelA khalIphA tarIke jAhera thaI gayA hatA. judA paDanArA arthAt ziyAre emanA A dAvA maMjUra na hatA. teo ha. amulakara ane pachInA baMne khalIphrAne khilAta pacAvI pADanAra ane ha. alIne hu DubADanAra gaNe che. pa sunnIenA cAra imAma che : azru hatIkrU, aza zAI, aNu mAlika ane ibna huMbala. tee islAmI zariyatanA atha karanAra imAma hatA. sunnIenA A cAra imAmAe islAmI zariyatane artha tAravavAnA prayAsa karyo ane peAtAtAnuM arthadhaTana rajU karyuM. A rIte e cAra mAmene mAnanAra sunnIe cAra peTAvibhAgamAM vaheMcAI gayA : emane anukrame hanaphI, zAI, mAlikI ane huMbalI kahevAmAM Ave che. tee pAtapotAnA imAme rajU karelA phikaha-islAmI dhArAzAstramAM saMpUrNa vizvAsa rAkhe che. ziyAeAnA pazu imAma che, paraMtu emanI imAmatanA AdhAra judA che. ziyAnA imAma kevaLa riyatanA atha karanAra kIhA nathI, tee ha. pegaMbara sAhebanA khAnadAnanA, ha. alI ane ha. phAtimAnAM saMtAna hoI, pegaMbara sAhebanA kAyadesaranA vArasadAra che ema ziyAo mAne che. e eTale sudhI ke ismAlI nijhArI ziyAonA eTale ke gujarAtanA kheAjAonA hAlanA imAma, 'nAmadAra AgAkhAna' peAte peAtAne ha. alI ane krAtimAnA vaMzaja mAne che. ziyAenA prathama imAma huM, alI sAheba che, tyArapacho anukrame imAma hasana, pramAma husena, alI asagara, muhammada al bAkI ane jAr as sAdIka e kula 7 imAma ziyAo mATe samAnya imAma che, ziyAonA badhA phrikA A imAmAne mAne che ane emane saMpUrNa AdaranI dRSTithI jue che. paraMtu chaThThI ImAma jAphara asa sAdIkanI vAta (hi. 148, I.sa. 765) pachI imAmatanA vArasAnA jhaghaDA UbhA thayeA. je ziyAoe ha. jAphara pachI emanA jyeSTha putra imAma ismAilane dAvA maMjUra rAkhyA tee! sAkhIina' (sAta mAmeAte mAnanAra) athavA 'ismAilI ziyA ' kahevAyA ane je ziyAoe mUsA ala kAjhIma ane emanA pAMca

Page #407
371] saltanata kAla vArasadArano hakka kabUla rAkhyo te "isanA AzarI (12 imAmane mAnanAra) kahevAyA. isanA AzarI ziyAo ema mAne che ke emanA chellA 12 mA ImAma, pAMca varSanI vaye gAyaba thayA hatA. teo pragaTa thaze tyAra pachI bahu jaladI kayAmata Avaze, isanA Azara pitAnA e imAmane "imAme gAyaba' kahe che. IsmAIlIonA bAramA ImAma ha. ubadullAe I.sa. 910mAM misaramAM phAtimI khilAphata sthApI. phAtimI khilAphatanA AThamA khalIphA mustanasira billAhanI vaphAta pachI pharIthI vArasAnI takarAra paDI. emAM je imAilIoe ImAma mustAlIne pakSa lIdhe teo "mustAlI ismAilI' kahevAyA; gujarAtamAM teo "vaharA' nAmathI oLakhAya che. ane je IsmAIlIoe nijhAra bilAhane pakSa lIdhe teo nijhArI ismAilI' kahevAyA; gujarAtamAM teo khojA' nAmathI oLakhAya che. mustAlI ismAilIonA "mutanasira bilAha pachI mAtra be ja ImAma che : mustAlI ane amIra bilAha. amIra billAha108 (I.sa. 111thI 1129) misaranI phAtimI khilAphatanA chellA khalIphA hatA. teone IsmAIlI nijhArI phidAIoe zahIda karyA hatA ane A rIte misaranI phAtimI khilAphatanA aMta sAthe, IsmAIlI mustAlIonI imAma paraMparAne aMta AvI gayo. ismAilI nijhArIonI "mustanasira billAha' pachI ImAnI paraMparA atyAra sudhI cAlu che. emanA 50 bhA imAma karIma zAha hAlanA nAmadAra AgAkhAna che. sahatanatanA samaya sudhImAM emanA kula 39 imAma thaI gayA. mustanasira billAha pachI emanI imAmonI paraMparAmAM nijhAra bilAha ane emanA pachI hAdI hasana sakhaha hatA. hiMdamAM IsmAIlI upadezaka nura satagarane mokalanAra teo hatA ema manAya che. 39 mA ImAma nuruddIna alInI imAmatane samaya I.sa. 1516-1550 hatuM. gujarAtanI tanatanA samayanA IsmAIlI nijhArIo arthAta khejAonA teo imAma hatA.

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13 muM] dharma-saMpradAye nIce ApelA nakazA uparathI sunnI ane ziyAonA peTAvibhAgone khyAla Avaze : musalamAno - sunnI ziyA tenI sAI mAmikA banI isanA sAbIna uphe ismAilI AzarI (ImAma IsmAIla (12 imAmone sahita 7 imAmone mAnanAra) mAnanAra) A kheAjA mustAlI athavA vaherA nijhArI athavA bejA ismAilI mustAlIe athavA gujarAtanA vaherA emanI dhArmika zAsanataMtranI vyavasthA pramANe *9 sauthI ucca sthAne nAtika Ave che. ha. pegaMbara sAheba teonA "nAtika che. "nAtika pachInuM sthAna asa" athavA "vasI nuM che. ha. alI emanA "asa" che. "asa" pachI ImAmanuM rathAna Ave che. ImAma ha. alI ane ha. phAtimAnA vaMzaja che tethI teo ghaNA pUjya che. ImAma pitAnA anuyAyIo upara saMpUrNa hakUmata dharAve che. emanA e kAryamAM madada karavA mATe emane be prakAranA kAryakaronI jarUra rahe che : "hujajata" ane "dAI. "hujajata" emanA anuyAyIonI sAmAjika vyavasthA ane saMcAlananuM kArya saMbhALe che. ane dAI emanI majahaba pratyenI bhAvanA keLavavAnuM kAma kare che. dAIo paNa potAnA kArya mATe vyavasthAtaMtra rAkhe che. e taMtramAM be prakAranA hodedAra hoya che. pahelA "AmIla', je moTe bhAge dAInA putra ke vArasa hoya che. tyAra pachI "mAjhana" arthAta jene amala karavAnI paravAnagI ApavAmAM AvI hoya te heAya che. I.sa. 1133 mAM sarvasattAdhIza dAIonI paraMparA cAlu thaI. e paraMparAmAM atyAra sudhImAM 51 daI thayA che. emAMthI pahelA 24 yamanI hatA. 24 mA dAI (1539) tukenA julmane kAraNe yamanane asalAmata samajI bhAratamAM AvyA ane emaNe siddhapuramAM gAdI sthApI. emanA putra ane pacIsamA dAI

Page #409
78] satanata kAla saiyada jala la zammadIne amadAvAdamAM gAdI pheravI. saiyada jalAlanA samayathI dAIoe gujarAtane potAnuM kAyamI raheThANa banAvyuM. chavIsamA daI dAudajI burahAnudIna bina ajabazAha'nI vaphAta pachI gujarAtanA vaherAoe eka dAujI bina kutubazAhane vaDA mulajI tarIke pasaMda karI, e khabara yamananA ismAilI mustAlIone mokalI, paraMtu teoe tyAMthI eka sulemAnane vaDA mullAMcha nImyA, ane emane gujarAtamAM mokalyA. gujarAtanA ghaNA ochA vaherAoe emane ravIkAra karyo. emane svIkAra karanAra "sulemAnI vaherA " kahevAyA. ane je meTA bhAganA vaherAoe pote nImelA dAUda bina kutubazAhanA vaDA mullAMjInA dAvAne svIkAryo teo "dAUdI vaherA' kahevAyA. Ama hi.sa. 999(I.sa. 1590)mAM dAUdI ane sulemAnI phirakA astitvamAM AvyA. gujarAtamAM IsmAIlI mustAlIone pracArArthe Avela bhAIo mATe ema mAnavAmAM Ave che ke I.sa. 1067 nA arasAmAM, arabaratAnanA yamana prAMtanA hareka gAmamAMthI ismAilI murutAlI kAmanA eka vaDA mullAMjI nAme abdullAne tatkAlIna imAme gujarAtamAM mokalyA hatA ane e khaMbhAta baMdare utaryA hatA. mirAte ahamadImAM emanuM nAma "muhammada alI " ApyuM che. emAM batAvyA pramANe, A dAInI kabara kha bhAtamAM che. tyAM emane "pIre ravAna'(amara pIra)nA nAmathI oLakhavAmAM Ave che. zrI karIma mahamada mAstare e kabara khaMbhAtamAM jeI che.110 ane noMdhyuM che ke tyAM emanuM nAma "abdullA" pracalita che. tyAM dareka varSe gujarAtanA badhA bhAgamAMthI saMkhyAbaMdha ziyA zaherA jhiyArata mATe Ave che. e daI abdullA he ke muhammada alI pate mahAna vidvAna hatA ane camatkArI paNa hatA. 110A ziyA dAIone A dharmapracAra aDhI saikAo sudhI nirvidhane cAle, paraMtu gujarAtane khUba jhapharakhAna pitAnI sAthe ghaNuM sunnI ulemA lAvyo temaNe ghaNA ziyAone sunnI majahabamAM ANyA. tyAra bAda gujarAtanA svataMtra bAdazAhe e baLajabarIthI ziyAone sunnI banAvyA. ahamadazAhe te e samayanA vaDA mullAMchanI katala karI hatI.111 dAIonA ItihAsamAM sauthI agatyane prasaMga emanA vaDA mullAMjI sAheba I.sa. 1528mAM yamanathI AvI gujarAtamAM vasyA te che. tyArathI kAyama mATe daI enI gAdI gujarAtamAM rahI.

Page #410
13 dhamAyo ismAilI nigArIo arthAta gujarAtanA ja IsmAIlI nijhArIonI imAmatanI paraMparA Aja sudhI cAlu che. 19mA ImAma mustanasira billAha pachI teoe nijhAra bilAhane hakka kabUla rAkhyo tethI teo nijhArI kahevAyA. teonA halanA InAma, ImAma karImazAha AjanA nAmadAra AgAkhAna gaNAya che. - nijhArIonA imAmomAM nijhAra billAha pachI hAdI hasana sabahi hatA. teoe hiMdamAM pahelA IsmAIlI upadezaka nura satagarane mokalyA hatA. gujarAtamAM AvelA nijhADI daInI paraMparA nura satagarathI zarU thAya che. teo 12 mI sadImAM AvyA hovAnuM jaNAya che. 112 sAmAnya mAnyatA pramANe teo gujarAtanA paTaNamAM AvyA ane tyAM eka hiMda maMdiranI mUrtione vAcA ApI emanI pAse pitAnA saMpradAyanI saccAInI khAtarI karAvI. e uparathI ghaNA hiMdu musalamAna thayA. tyAra pachI teo IrAna gayA. IrAnathI pAchA AvI teoe navasArInA sUbA sUracaMdanI kuMvarI sAthe lagna karyuM. emanAM prabhAva, delata ane sattAnI IrSAthI prerAIne emanA be mukhya murIdemAMthI eka "cAce, teo jyAre samAdhimAM hatA tyAre, emane zahIda karyA. emanuM mULa nAma "ruddIna" athavA "khUrazAha' hatuM ane "sUrasAgara to emaNe dhAraNa kareluM bIjuM nAma hatuM. hiMduone islAmamAM AkarSavA mATe teoe AvuM hiMduzAhI nAma ane samAdhi jevI hiMdu vidhi apanAvyAM hatAM. ismAlI saMpradAyanA bIjA eka upadezaka saduddIne paNa "satadeva ane haracaMda jevAM hiMdu nAma dhAraNa karyA hatAM ane e rIte teoe zekha saadI sAhebanI ukitane caritArtha karI hatI? "he sadI ! je tAre aikaya sAdhavuM hoya to nAnAmoTA sau sAthe salAhasaMpa rAkha. musalamAna sAthe "allAha, allAha" kara ane hiMduo sAthe "rAma rAma."113 nUra satagara pachInA IsmAilI nijhA upadezake athavA satapaMthanA pIre pIra zamyunaH khajAonI tavArIkha pramANe pIra zamasudIna sAheba nUra satagaranA ziSya hatA. teo I.sa 196 mAM kAzmIramAM AvyA hatA ema pharistA' kahe che.

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satata kAla emanA anuyAyIo e Te bhAge paMjAba ane kAzmIramAM che, chatAM gujarAtanA satapaMthIomAM emanuM nAma Adarahita levAya che. pIra sadudana : teo bejAonA trIjA khyAtana ma pIra che. I.sa. 1430 me emanI nimaNUka thaI hatI. teo sauthI paheluM khojAkhAnuM sthApaka nAra pIra hatA. emanA ke I vaMzaja kaDImAM rahetA hatA. IsmAIlI paMthane vadhu vistRta banAvavA teoe hiMduone paNa kArya bane te dhArmika prabaMdha karyo. emaNe ha. Adamane viSNu tarIke, ha, muham; pega barane maheza tarIke ane nAmadAra AgAkhAnanA pUrvaja AgA IsmAIlazAhane ha. alInA avatArarUpe oLakha vyA. 114 teoe nUra satagarane ha. rasalIllAhanA avata ra tarIke ane potAne brahmAnA avatAra tarIke varNavyA hatA ane kayAmata pahelAM AvanAra chellA ImAma mehadIne jaLapralaya agAu thanAra kalkI avatAra gaNAvyA. A rIte zaktipUjaka lehANAone emanA dharmamAM cheDA pheraphAra sahita satapaMthamAM aNyA. Ama teoe avatAravAdane mAnyatA ApI, eTaluM ja nahi, teoe A zaktipaMthIone "dhapATha maMtra athavA emanAM prArthanA ane kriyAkAMDa paNa apanAvyAM. khojA pIra saduddInanAM pada ghaNuM bhaktibhAvathI gAya che ane emanuM nAma ghaNA AdarathI uccAre che. khojAonI prArthanAo ane dhArmika vidhio emanA eka imAma AgA abdusa salAmazAha, vaMdayAde javAMmardI" nAmanI kitAbamAM varNavelI che. A kitAbane tarajume lehAguonI jUnI siMdhI bhASAmAM thayelo che. khejAo nityanI traNa namAja paDhe che. teo karabalA zarIphanI mATInA 101 maNakAonI tasabIha upara pIranAM na ma paDhe che ane pitAne pavitra dhapATha manamAM raTI le che. nUra satagara dvArA gujarAtamAM zarU thayelA ismAilI nijhArI saMpradAyane "satapaNa" tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. e paMthane pracAra pIra zamsaddIna ane pIra saduddIne siMdha paMjAba ane kAzmIramAM karyo ane emAM zAktapaMthanAM ghaNuM tattva ghakhala karyA. pIra ImAmazAha ane pIrANA paMtha pIra sadudI pachI kabIruddIna ane emanA pachI ImAmuddIna (ImAmazAha) nAme pIra thayA. ImAmazAhano siMdhatA khojAo dvArA yogya satkAra na

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1 3'] dhamaNa gAyA [an thatAM te IrAna cAlyA gayA, paraMtu pachIthI hiMdamAM AvI gujarAtamAM vasyA. ahIM teoe satapaMthamAM theADAka pheraphAra karIne mAtAne calAngeA, tene ' pIrANA paMca ' tarIke eALakhAmAM Ave che. nave| 5 tha . mAmazAhanA janma I.sa. 1452mAM thayA ane avasAna 1513 ke 1520mAM thayuM. teo IAnathI gujarAtamAM AvI amadAvAdanI uttare Azare caudeka ki.mI. upara AvelA gIramathA' nAmanA gAmamAM sthAyI thayA. e gAmane Aje 'pIrANA' arthAt pIrAnA sthAna tarIke eLakhavAmAM Ave che. teoe dhaNA cama kAra karyAM dAvAnu kahevAya che. anAvRSTi samaye varasAda varasAvavAnA emanA camatkArathI prabhAvita thaI te gujarAtanA e vakhatanA sulatAna muhammadara jAe emane peAtAnI putrI paraNAvI hatI. enAthI emane cAra putra thayA, je pIrANAnA saiyadAnA pUrvAMja hatA. teoe eka camatkAra dvArA kahubIone peAtAnA paMthamAM ANyA. emanA pachI emanA putra nUra muhammada emanA paMthanA pracAraka thayA. emaNe siMdhI bhASAmAM sataveNI--jI-vela' (sata dharmanI vela) nAmanuM pustaka lakhyuM, emAM emanA saMpradAyanA pramAmeA ane krarmAMkADAnuM vana che. muhammade peAtAnA anuyAyIo taraphathI IrAnamAMnA ismAilIenA mAmAne mAkalAte dazeAMtha'te hissA baMdha karyAM, ane e rIte emaneA ismAilIe sAthenA saMbaMdha lagabhaga pUrA karyAM. A sAMpradAyanA peTA vibhAga ADhiyA' sAtiyA' ane 'pAMciyA' tarIke oLakhAya che. pIrANAnA kAkA : A paMthamAM joDAyela judI judI kememAM pracArakaupadezaka tarIke emanA pIre nImelA mukhIone " kAkA 'kahevAmAM Ave che. emanI pharajo te te kemanA anuyAyIone upadeza ApavAnI, emanA nAnImeTI takarArAnA nikAla karavAnI ane emanI pAsethI dhArmika mALA udharAvI e emanA pIrane meAlavAnI hAya che. nUra muhammadanA putrAmAM pIra thavA bAbata takarArA thaI ane pIreA niLa banatAM kAkAonI sattA vadhI, tethI pahelAM jee makarabAenA mAtra mujAvara hatA teo je te dhArmika saMsthAnA vahIvaTakartA ane kabajedAra banI gayA. dhArmika siddhAMtA : imAmazAhI allAhane sarvotkRSTa kiratAra tarIke ane muhammada sAhebane enA rasUla tarIke mAne che. A agatyanA yakInanA

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32 ] sanata maha [gra svIkArane kAraNe te potAne imAnadAra musalamAna gaNe che, para Mtu te namAjane ghaNuM ochu mahattva Ape che. te hiMduonA avatAranA siddhAMtane mAne che ane hiMduonI jagatanI utpattinI mAnyatA tathA emanA anya siddhAMta svIkAre che. te ha. pegaMbara sAhebane 'vIra' athavA "guru" mAne che ane emanI tathA imAme:nI sthiti vacce khAsa kAI aMtara hAvAnu te mAnatA nathI, kurAnane te daivI graMtha mAne che, paraMtu emanA mAmA kurAnane rUpakanI jANItI paddhatithI samajAve che. kurAnanAM AvAM aneka rUpakA 'jJAna' tarIke eLakhAya che. tee kurAnane badale 'jJAna'nAM pustakAnA pATha kare che. mehadavI patha : A paMthanA sthApaka ha. muhammada mehudI jaunapurI hatA. te peAtAne ha. pegaMbara sAhebanA dauhitra ha. imAma husenanA vaMzaja gaNAve che. juvAna vaye peAtAnA jJAnanI vizALatAthI hiMdanA islAmI zarayatanA niSNAne paNa mugdha karatA hatA. eka vakhata emaNe AkAzavANI sAMbhaLI : anta medahI' arthAt 'tu mahadI che.' AthI teoe kAbA zarIpha mukAme peAtAne hajarata imAma mehadI tarIke jAhera karyo 115 tyAra pachI I.sa, 1497mAM amadAvAdamAM ane 1499 mAM pATaNumAM pete kayAmata pahelAM AvanAra imAma mehadI hAvAnA dAvA khulI rIte karyAM hatA. 'mirAte sika darImAM darzAvyA pramANe, mehadI hAvAneA dAvA karanAra sauyada muhammada jaunapurI amadAvAdamAM sulatAna mahamUda begaDAnAM rAjya amalanI Akhare AvyA hatA. emaNe amadAvAdamAM AvIne jamAlapura daravAjA pAse tAjakhAna sAlAranI masjidamAM mukAma karyo hateA. dharmopadezaka tarIkenI emanI asAdhAraNa khyAtinI hakIkata sulatAnanA kAna sudhI paheAMcI hatI. te peAtAnI musAI daramyAna, I.sa. 1504 mAM, khudAnI rahematamAM paheAMcyA. mirAte ahamadI'mAM kahyuM che ke teee peAte imAma mehadI hAvAne dAveA karyAM na hatA, paraMtu emanA camatkAra uparathI emanA murIdAe emane imAma mehadI mAnI lIdhA hatA. mirAte ahamadI 'mAM varNAvyA pramANe sulatAna mahamUda 3 jo, sulatAna. mahamUda mujhaphrazAha 3jo temaja eneA vajIra pratimAdakhAna tathA bIjA amIrA uparAMta pATaNanA zerakhAna ane musAkhAna phulAdI tathA pAlanapuranA navA vagere badhA mahevI soMpradAyanA anuyAyI hatA. '

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13 muM] jAma-sAthe [ 4. jarathostI dharma vasavATane phelAve anu-maitraka kALa daramyAna saMjANumAM sthira thayelA jarathostIoe samaya jatAM gujarAtamAM anya sthaLoe vasavATa karyo. 10 mI-11 mI sadImAM muMbaI pAsenI karI guphAomAM jarathostIonAM nAma kotarAyAM che. 11 siddharAja jayasiMhanA samaya(12 mI sadI)mAM khaMbhAtamAM agnipUjaka (jarastIo)nI vastI hatI. 17 aMkalezvara(ji. bharUca)mAM pArasIonA dharmagraMtha "viparadanI nakala karavAmAM AvI hatI 118 e parathI mAlUma paDe che ke 13mA zatakamAM aMkalezvaramAM pArasIonI vastI hatI. vaLI 14mA saikAnA AraMbhamAM bharUcamAM paNa pArasIonI vastI hatI, jeno purAvo I.sa. 1309 mAM zeTha pestanajIe baMdhAvela dakhamuM (zabano nikAla karavAnuM sthaLa) che. 119 14 mA saikAnA prAraMbhamAM Avela ITAliyana musAphara eDarika nedhe che ke thANA ane ceula-calanA paragaNAmAM pArasIo zabane khetaramAM khullAM mUkI pakSIonI madada vaDe ene bhakSa karAvatA hatA. A uparathI kahI zakAya ke tyAre thANuM ane ceulamAM pArasIonI vasAhata hatI. thANAmAM vasatA pArasIo upara khristI dharma svIkAravA aMge dabANa AvavAthI teo yuktipUrvaka thANAnI bahAra nIkaLI jaIne kalyANI-kalyANamAM jaI vasyA. 21 kisse saMjANa ( I.sa. 1600)mAM nepyuM che ke dastUroe saMjANamAM Ataza baherAmanI sthApanA karI hatI. traNa varSa pachI tyAMthI keTalAka jarastIo dezanAM bIjAM zaheromAM jaI vasyA. emAM navasArI vAMkAnera bharUca variyAva aMkalezvara ane khaMbhAtane khAsa nirdeza karyo che. saMjANamAM dastUronAM ghaNAM ghara hatAM. emAM khuzmata ane emanA putra khujetAne sAdara nirdeza karavAmAM AvyA che. 122 pArasIonA paMthaka 14mA saikAmAM saMjANamAM pArasIonI vastI ghaNI moTI saMkhyAmAM hatI. samaya jatAM dhaMdhArthe teo bIjAM sthaLoe paNa vasavA lAgyA. dhArmika kriyAvidhio karAvavA mATe emanI sAthe dharmaguruo paNa gayA. dharmaguruo vacce matabheda na paDe ane vadhatI jatI pArasIonI judAM judAM sthaLAnI saMkhyA dhyAnamAM laIne pAMca paMthaka nakakI karavAmAM AvyA. A paMthaka saMjANa navasArI godAvarA bharUca ane khaMbhAtamAM sthApavAmAM AvyA. AthI dareka dharmagurune pitAnA paMthakamAM rahI dhArmika kriyAvidhi karavAnI pharaja paDI. 123

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saltanata kArya 34 ] 'lajIthI navasArI A badhA (khata pArasIonuM mukhya mathaka saMjANu rahyuM, jyAM Ataza baherAma nI sthApanA thaI hatI, paraMtu saMjANu para thayelA muslima AkramaNe tene tyAMthI sthaLAMtara karaRRnI pharaja pADI. A AkramaNanI vigate anya kAI graMthamAM maLatI nathI, paraMtu kissesa'jAna'mAMthI ja prApta thAya che. A phrArasI kAgya meramana `keAbAda saMjANAe navasArImAM I.sa. 1600 mAM racyu' hatuM. emAM jaNAvyuM che ke cAMpAneranA sulatAna mahamUdazAhe saMjAyune peAtAnA tAbAmAM levA mATe arkhAna nAmanA saradArane 30,000nuM lazkara ApI ravAnA karyo. A khabara sAMbhaLIne tyAMnA hiMdu rAjA meheAza thaI gaye. jyAre e hAzamAM AvyA tyAre e potAnA rAjyatA pArasI mebheda harabhedo ane khehedIneAte mAlAbbA ane davA vinaMtI karI. aradeAra nAmanA saradAre 1400 pArasIene taiyAra karyo ane peAte alakkhAna sAthe yuddhamAM UtaryAM. prathama vAra aradezaranI jIta thaI. hArI gayelA alaphakhAna IthI cAragaNuM lazkara laIne caDI AvyA. A bIjI vakhatanA yuddhamAM vIr aradezara duzmananuM tIra vAgavAthI dhADA uparathI paDI gayA ane maraNa pAmyA. saMjAgunA hiMdu rAjAnuM paNa bharaNu thayu. 124 sujANumAM pArasIonI je meTI vasAhata hatI te chinnabhinna thaI gaI. laDAImAM hAryAM pachI tyAM bAkI bacelA pArasIee peAtAnI sAthe Ataza maherAmane laIne thADA samaya mATe bAharoTanA paha!Da upara jaI vasavATa karyAM.125 '- kise saMjAna 'mAM jaNAvyA mujaba ahI 12 vaSa' rahIne pArasIoe vAMsadA taraph prayANa karyu. vAMsadAnA leAkAe AtA baherAmanuM bhavya svAgata karyuM, ahI` 14 varSa rahI emaNe peAtAnA dharma ane AtazanuM rakSaNa karyuM.... navasArInA saradAra cAMA bina AzAnI preraNAthI Ataza baherAmane navasArI laI javAmAM AvyA. emanI khidamatamAM traNa dastUra hatA--nagenarAma khurazeda ane jAnyAna. saMjANumAMthI navasArI sudhI thayelAM pArasIonAM A sthaLAMtarAne cokkasa samaya nakkI karavA muzkela che. saMjANa paranuM muslima AkramaNu kayA sulatAnanA samayamAM thayuM haze e vize vidvAne.mAM matabheda che. saradAra alakhAnane keTalAka ullakhAna te keTalAka alpamAna dhAre che, paraMtu e teA alAuddIna khalajInA samayamAM thayA. sulatAna mahamadane keTalAka dilhInA sulatAna muhammada tugalaka mAne che, jyAre khIjA keTalAka ene gujarAtanA sulatAna mahamUda begaDA dhAre che.124 'kisse sa`jAta 'mAM A sulatAnanA paricaya cAMpAneranA sulatAna tarIke ApelA hAI e mahamada megaDA hoya e mata sahuthI vadhu baMdha eme che, te A AkramaNa I.sa. 1481 ane 1521 na! vacce thayuM gaNAya.

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1T dharma-saMpradAya (385 evI rIte navasArImAM pavitra Atazane kyAre lAvavAmAM AvyuM e vize paNa vidvAnomAM matabheda che. "kisse saMjAna' pramANe A varSa I.sa. 13manuM manAya che. keTalAka vidvAne A varSa I.sa. 1419 ane keTalAka I. 1516 hevAnuM mAne che. 127 zrI. kAkAnA mata mujaba I.sa. 1419 mAM pavitra Ataza navasArImAM lAvavAmAM Avyo e varSa sarva sAmAnya rIte svIkArAya che, 128 paraMtu muslima AkramaNanA samayAMkana parathI I.sa. 1516 ne mata vadhu svIkArya gaNAya. saMjANathI AvyA bAda pArasIone pitAnI zAMti ane dhArmika svataMtratA punaH prApta karavAmAM 100 varSa lAgyAM. 129 navasArImAM sthira thayA pachI pArasIoe ghaNI pragati karI. pAdaTIpa 1. 2. bhI. jeTa, gujarAtane sAMskRtika itihAsa islAma yuga, khaMDa 2, pR. 35; "mirAta-pha-sirI ," (guja. bhA.), pR. 29 2. zaM. ha. dezAI, prabhAsa ane temanAtha', pR. 278; ra.bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 3, | pR. 809-810, mirAta-sikaMdarI (gu. bhA.), pR. 35-35ra 3. zaM. ha. dezAI, uparyukta, pR. 27, 278; 2.bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 1, pR.155 4. 2. bI. joTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 1, pR. 173-174; khaMDa 2, pR. 35-35ra 5. ejana, khaMDa 2, pR. 360-361 tathA pU. 450 6. ejana, khaMDa 2, pR. 351-35ra; zaM, ha. dezAI, uparyukta, pR. 21 7. ra. bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 3, 5, 811-013; R. S. Whiteway, The Rise of Portuguese Power in India, 1497-1550, pp. 60-57 8. I. vi. trivedI, "muslimakAlIna gujarAtanA hiMdu dharma-saMpradAyo, "buddhiprakAza, 5 120, pR. 247 9. du. ke. zAstrI, zaiva dharmane saMkSipta itihAsa', pR. 111 20. D. B. Diskalkar, Inscriptions of Kathiawad, No. 44 : "somesiMchata: rAkhuM punAtu : ." 11. 6. ke. zAstrI, uparyukta, pra. 147 12. ejana, pR. 154 I-5-25

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386] satanata kAla 13. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit., No. 68 14. zaM. ha. dezAI, uparyukta, pR. 263-264 15. ejana, pR. 268-269; Diskalkar, op. cit, No. 62 16-19. za. ha. dezAI, uparyukta, pR. 22-25 ane pR. 279 20 D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit, No. 68 : "somerAthApanArtA che. vi. trivedI, uparyuktapR. 247-248 21. muni jayaMtavijayajI, "Abu', bhAga 1, pR. 18, jenI sAme A poThiyAnI bhavyatAno khyAla ApatI chabI ApelI che; I. vi. trivedI, uparyukta, pR. 248 22. i. vi. trivedI, uparyukta, pR. 248 23. D. B, Diskalkar, op. cit, Nos. 39, 93, 14, 115, 139, 144, 149; No. 153; No. 104, No. 125; I. vi. trivedI, uparyukta, pR. 248, ha. gaM. zAstrI, "aDAlajanI vAvane lekha", "kumAra", pu. 104, 5. 12 24. Ibid, No. 125; I. vi. trivedI, uparyukta, pR. 248 25. I. vi. trivedI, uparyukta, pR. 248 26. na. ke. mahetA, "zAkta saMpradAya', 5. 110 27. i. vi. vivedI, uparyukta, pR. 248 28. ejana, pR. 249 29. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit, No. 77 : zrIcaMviAM saMratuve'; I. vi. trivedI, uparyukta, pR. 249 30. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit, No. 93: "zrI sarastha nama: zrInivA nama:'; I. vi. trivedI, uparyukta pR. 249 34. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit., No. 91 : patiH satItvAdiguNeratIva / prItaH svadehAIvadatta yasya / mAtyaMtacaubhAgyanidhidadAtu / manorathAn parvatarAjaputrI // che. vi. trivedI, uparyukta, 5. 249 32. zaM, ha. desAI, uparyukta, pa. 281-82 tathA pR. 282 uparanI pAdaTIpa 4 33. 2. bI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 2, pR 12-103 tathA e paranI pAdaTIpa 60, jemAM 'nitarika rI' gujarAtI bhASAMtara)nA pR. 108ne ukha karyo che.

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13 muM]. dharma-saMpradAya [ 387 34-35. 6. ke. zAstrI, vaiSNava dharmano saMkSipta itihAsa', pR. 359; I. vi trivedI, uparyukta, pR. 249 36. ha. naM. zAstrI. uparyukta, pR. 19-20; i.vi. trivedI, uparyukta, pR. 24 34. H. Cousens, Antiquarian Remains in the Bombay Presidency, p. 370; du. ke. zAstra', "vaiSNava dharmane saMkSipta itihAsa, pR. 360; I. vi. trivedI, uparyukta, pR. 25 38. I. vi. trivedI, uparyukta, pR. 250-25 36. Bhavanagar Inscriptions, p. 162 facing which is placed a photo plate of the inscription in question, D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit., No. 75; ku. ke. zAstrI, vaiSNava dharmane saMkSipta itihAsa', 5. 359, i. vi. trivedI, uparyuMkata pR. 51 40. I. vi. trivedI, uparyuMkata pa. 25 3. 6. ke. zAstrI, vaiSNava dharmane saMkSipta itihAsa, pR. 358; D. B. Diskalkar op. cit, No. 39, I. vi. trivedI, uparyukata pR. 250; H. Cousens, op. cit., p. 248 42. H. Cousens, op. cit., p. 245, du. ke. zAstrI, "vaiSNava dharmane saMkSipta - itihAsa, pR. 358 43. D, B. Diskalkar, op. cit., No. 68 : "yorjInipuranimiyoM mannivaya vara / na dhyAnena na cejyayA na tapasA dhartuM hRdApyApyate // gopyAsau nava[ nItataskarapa ]ro baddho gavAM dAmabhiH / sthANutvaM niramocayagu [varayo]rdAmodarovyAjjagat // '; H. Cousens. pp. cit., p. 361; du. ke. zAstrI, vaiSNava dharmane saMkSipta itihAsa', pR. 359; I. vi. trivedI uparyukta, pR. 250-25 44. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit. No. 59; I. vi. trivedI, uparyukta, pR. 250 45. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit, Nos. 40-41; I. vi. trivedI, uparyukta pR. 250

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388) satanata kAla 1. ku. ke. zAstrI, "oNava dharmano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR. 162; I. vi. trivedI, uparyuMkata, pR. 250 47 D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit, Nos. 70-71, 14 etc; I. vi. trivedI, uparyukta, 5. 251 48. D. B. Diskalkar, pp. cit., No. 102; I. vi. trivedI, uparyA , 5. 25 19. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit. No. 158, i. vi. uparyukta, pR. 251 50. D. B, Diskalkar, op. cit, No. 73 pA. 6, ke. zAstrI, baiSNava dharmane saMkSipta itihAsa, pR. 39 para. ejana, pR. 31-42 53. juo graMtha 4, pR. 36. 54-55. I. vi. trivedI, uparyukta, 5. 25 56. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit, Nos. 39-40; I. vi. trivedI, uparyukta, pR. 252 7. puSNakAMta vi. dhoLakiyA, "jUnAgaDha myujhiyamanI sUrya pratimAo', "pathikamAM varSa 13, aMka 10 11 pR. 165 58. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit, No. 9 : tu dhAmAdhipatyamadha sUryAdA: rahevA: i. vi. trivedI, uparyukta, pR. 253 19. ka. bhA. dave, "gujarAtanuM mUrtividhAna', pR. 409 i. vi. trivedI, uparyukta pR. 253 - 60. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit, No. 9; I. vi. trivedI, uparyuktapR. 253 phA. A hakIkatanuM eka ja udAharaNa laIe to UnAno vi.saM. 1582(I.sa. 1para)ne lekha. juo D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit, No. 91: OM nama: zrIjorAya | kalyANaM kamalAsanaH sRjatu vaH kalezavyayaM kezavo / gaurIzaH khalu gauravaM gaNapatini:zeSavighnakSayaM / sarvAsativinAzamAzu kakubhAmIzAH surezAdaya : / kurvatu dhruvamAdhipatyamadhikaM sUryAdayaH khecarAH // 1 // patiH satItvAdiguNairatIva prItaH svadehArddhamadatta yasyai / sAtyaMtasaubhAgyanidhidadAtu manorathAn parvatarAjaputrI // 2 //

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] dharma-saMpradAya [289 2. muni jinavijayajI (saM.) (vijayIfNa-vita ) "zaguMca tIrthoDhA vapa' upadhAta tathA pariziSTa 63, 2. bI. jeTauparyukta, khaMDa 2, pR. 500 tathA enA paranI pAdaTIpa pa2-13 64. mohanalAla dalIcaMda dezAI, jaina sAhityano ItihAsa', kaMDikA 617 5. 2. bI. noTa, uparyukta khaMDa 1, 5. 141142: mo. da. dezAI. uparyukta, kaMDikA 619 66. muni jinavijayajI (saM.), ninAmagri-vinita janmadIva' mathavA "vividhatIrthajanya' siMdhI jena sirIjha, 10 67. mA. da. dezAI, uparyukata, kaMDikA 619 68. ejana, kaMDikA 621 69, 2. bhI. jeTa, uparyuMkata, khaMDa 1, pR. 143. vaLI A badhI mAhitI mATe juo rAtrunayatIrNoddhAravaMza', saMpAdaka muni zrI jinavijayajIne hiMdI upoddaghAta, 5. 31-33 tathA pR. 16-17; prAcIna gurjara kAvyasaMgraha', pR. 27-38, samarArANuM. 70. 2. bI. joTa, uparyuMkata. khaMDa 3, 5. 17-18, mo. da. dezAI, uparyukata, kaMDikA 732 cha. mo. da. dezAI, uparyukata, kaMDikA 619 tathA 624 72. ejana, kaMDikA 666 73. ejana, kaMDikA 641 ja. ejana, kaMDikA 664 75. ejana, kaMDikA 14 7. 2. bI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 2, pR. 353 ane e paranI pAdaTIpa 2 77. me. da. dezAI, uparyukta, kaMDikA 389 %. ejana, kaMDikA 89 7 ejana, kaMDikA 119 tathA 424 uparanI pAdaTIpa 425. vaLI juo prAcIna kAvyasaMgrahanA pariziSTa 8, pR. 22 upara Apela zilAlekha. 80. mo. da. dezAI, uparyukta, kaMDikA 626 81. ejana, kaMDikA 141 82. ejana, kaMDikA 664 83. ejana, kaMDikA 692 84. ejana, kaMDikA 666 85. ke. da. dezAI, uparyukta, kaMDikA 19, me. da. dezAI, " jaina gUrjara kavio', - bhAga 2, pR. 39 6. 2. bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 2, pR. 500 tathA enA uparanI pAdaTIpa para-53 87, mo. da. dezAI, uparyukta, kaMDikA 722 tathA 5. 498 uparanI pAdaTIpa 469; muni kalyANavijaya, "AbunA dena zilAlekho', jena" tA. 6-101rane eka

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90 saltanata kAla 88. mo. da. dezAI, uparyukta, kaMDikA 721 89 ejana, kaMDikA 724, sudhAnaMdanasUri zidhyaviracita "IDaragaDha maitya paripATI, nayuga, vi.saM. 1981ne mAhautra aMka, pR. 341 90. . . dezAI, uparyukta kaMDikA 66ra ! 1. ejana, kaDikA 719 ane pR. 45 upara pAdaTIpa 468, A pAdaTIpamAM prastuta zilAlekhane keTaleka upayogI aMza utArelo che. 92. ejana, pR. 494 uparanI pAdaTIpa 467mAM mevADI bhASAmAM lakhAyela A zilAlekha Akhe utAryo che ane enA zabdonI samaja vigate ApI che. vaLI juo muni, jayaMtavijayajI, Aba, bhA. 2, lekha 144-145. 93. jIo graMtha 4, pR. 371-3 2. A etihAsika mahatva dharAvatA vAdanI rasapUrNa vigato mATe juo mo. ka. dezAI, upayu kta, kaMDikA 343. 94. ejana, kaMDikA 61 5. ejana, kaMDikA 617 96-97. ejana, kaMDikA 669 98. ejana, kaMDikA 692-193 99. ejana, kaMDikA 759 100. ejana, kaMDikA 31; vaLI jue "aitihAsika rAsasaMgraha bhAga 1 mAne khemA haDAlIbAno rAsa'. 11. me. da. dezAI, uparyukta, kaMDikA 731 102-103. J. P. Thaker, A Brief History of the swetambara Jaina Monks (unpublished) 14. mo. da. dezAI, uparyukata, kaMDikA 770-701 105. J. P. Thaker, ibid; mo. da, dezAI, uparyukata, kaMDikA 736-737 106. ejana, kaMDikA 742 107. ejana, kaMDikA 786 maNilAla ba. vyAsa, zrImALI(vANiyo)enA jJAtibheda', pR. 81 18. S. C. Misra, Muslim Communities in Gujarat, p, 20 upara amIra billAhanuM nAma Al-Amr (ala amra) ApyuM che. 109. s. C. Misra, op. cil, pp. 15-18 10. karIma mahamada mAstara, "mahAgujarAtanA musalamAno, pR. 133-137 11 a. vigata mATe juo graMtha 4, pR. 377-38,

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13 muM] dharma-saMpradAya [ 391 111. karIma ma. mAstara, uparyukta, pR. 137 112. s. C. Misra, op. cit., p. 56 13. karIma ma. mAstara, uparyukta, pR. 204, 114. ejana, pR. 208-2009 115, caMdra paramAra, "hajharata vahudIna zAha gujarAtI (raha)', pR. 65 16. juo graMtha 3, pR. ra75. 117, juo graMtha 4, pR. 58. 118. De. perIna dArAM DrAIvara, sattaramA zatakamAM pArasI kavioe racelI gujarAtI kavitA', pR. 66 119, bahamana beharAmajI paTela, pArasI prakAza, graMtha 1, pR. 4 220. D. F. Karaka, History of the Parsis, p. 40 12. Ibid, pp. 40-42 1rara. rustama barajorajI pemAsTara (saMpAdaka), "kisse saMjAna', pR. 10-11 123. De. perIna dArAM DrAIvara, uparyuMkata, pR. 67 124, ba. e. paTela, "pArasI prakAza graMtha 1, 5.5 125. A yuddhanA samaya aMge kemiseriyeTa ane karAkAe potAnA graMzemAM vigate carcA karI che. juo Commissariat, History of Gujarat, Vol. I, pp. 180-185 and D. F. Karaka, op. cir, pp. 4447. 126. D. F. Karaka, op. cit., pp. 43-44 127. Ibid, pp. 47-46; pI. epha. balasArA, pArasI itihAsanAM jANavA joga prakaraNe, 5. 47 128-29. D. F. Karaka, op. cit., p. 48

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pariziSTa gujarAtamAM islAmane phelAve ane enI asara philA saltanata kAla daramyAna islAmane phelAvo aneka paribaLone laIne vo. emAM muslima saMto ane upadezakone zAMta pracAra, keTalAka muslima AkramaNakArA ame zAsanakartAoe ene svIkAra karAvavA mATe karela jabarajastI, islAma aMgIkAra karanArane muslima rAjya taraphathI apAtA viziSTa lAbha, hiMdu samAjanI sthiti, vagereno samAveza thaI zake. gujarAtamAM iralAmano praveza bharUca khaMbhAta vagere sthAnomAM vaselA arabI vepArIomAM, sAtamI sadInA aMtamAM ke AThamI sadInA prAraMbhamAM thayo hate ane emane saMpathI keTalAka hiMduoe paNa islAma aMgIkAra karyo hate. solaMkI kAla daramyAna eka bAjue dakSiNa ane madhya gujarAtamAM tathA saurASTranA samudrataTavatI pradezamAM islAmanA sunnI paMthanA anuyAyIonI vastI vadhatI jatI hatI, to bIjI bAju ziyA paMthanA IsmAIlI vaherA ane khojA phirakAomAM taLa gujarAtamAM praveza thayo hato. 14 mI sadInA AraMbhamAM ahIM dilhInI satanatanI ANa phelAtAM moTA pAyA para musalamAne AvavA lAgyA. uttara bhAratamAMthI temaja IrAna ijipta yamana vagere dezamAMthI ulemAo, sUphI saMta ane dharmopadezaka dharmapracArArthe ahIM UtarI AvyA. nAjhimenA samaya(I.sa. 1304-1403)mAM vecchAe ke niyaMtraNathI AvelA ulemAo gujarAtamAM je pradezomAM musilama sattAnA vistAra thato hato tyAM jaI sunnI paMthane pracAra karatA hatA. nAjhima jhapharakhAna phArasInA samayamAM saMbhavataH I.sa. 1371 mAM ulemAonA prabhAvathI keTalAka hiMduonI sAthe keTalAka ziyAoe paNa sunnI paMtha svIkAryo hato. mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM majahabanA pracArArthemeTI saMkhyAmAM AvelA ulemAoe saurASTramAM islAmane vyApaka pracAra karyo hato.'

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pari, ] gujarAtamAM islAmanA phelAvA ane enI asara [ ata sulatAna ahamadazAha 1 lAnA samaya( I.sa. 1411-1442 )mAM pATaNanA svataMtra vicArasaraNI dharAvatA jAphara nAmanA upadezake ismAilI ziyA paMtha cheDIne sunnI pAMca svIkAryo ane enA prabhAvathI ghaNA ziyA vaheArA paNa sunnI anyA, aAmAMthI sunnI vaheArA kAmanA udbhava thayA. jApharanI pravRttine sulanana ahamadazAhanA TekA maLatAM emaNe moTA pAyA para peAtAnA matane pracAra karyA." jAnA kAryane lagabhaga 100 varSa pachI siMdhamAMthI gujarAtamAM Avela saiyada ahamada jAfara zIrAjhIe ziyA vahArA ane sunnI vaherAe vacce thate meTIvahevAra baMdha karAvIne pUrNa karyuM" ane baMne kAma sadAne mATe alaga paDI gaI. sulatAnanI sunI pracArA tara? hamadardI rahevAthI jArI sunnI vaheArA kAmane vistAra vadhatA gayA. amadazAha 1 lonA samayathI gujarAtamAM sUphrI matanA pracArArthe sate| ane upadezakA AvavA lAgyA. zekha ahamada khaE gaja bakSa (mu. I.sa. 1445) saiyada burahAnudIna abU muhammada bukhArI suharavI urphe kue Alana (mR. sa. 1452), zekha mahamUda IrajI (mR. I.sa. 1458), saiyada muhammada zAhe Alaga (mR. I.sa. 1475), saiyada ahamada jahAnazAha (mR. I.sa. 1594-95 ), zeSa jamAluddIna urphe jammuna (mR. I.sa. 1573), ane alAuddIna atA muhummuda (mR. I.sa. 1578-79) gujarAtamAM AvI vasyA. sulatAnA taraphathI islAmanA pracArArthe tene Arthika sahAya maLatI hatI. A sUphI sAtA pavitra jIvana, vidvattA ane upadezathI prabhAvita thayelA lekAmAM ciztiyA, sAhavayA, zattAriyA ane makrikhiyA evA cAra sUphI phirakAonA pracAra thayA.7 gujarAtamAM ismAilI ziyA pa McanuM khI prastuta kAlamAM vaheArA kAma tarIke vizALa vRkSamAM pariNamyuM hatuM." tethA i.sa. 1539 mAM A paMthanA vaDA mullAMcha sAheba yUsu* bina sulemAnane yamana cheDavAnI pharaja paDI tyAre te gujarAtamAM siddhapuramAM AvI vasyA. vaDA mullAMsAhebanA AgamanathI ziyAomAM nave jussa umerAyA ane emaNe karelA pracArathI uttara gujarAtamAM A paMthane phelA vadhavA lAgyA.9 bIjI bAju smAilI nijhArI (kheAjA) thanA prastuta kAlamAM videzamAMthI AvelA zammuddIna saduddIna kakhIruddIna ane chAmuddIna nAmanA upadeztAe hiMdu dharmanA siddhAMtA ane AcAra sAthe samanvaya sAdhIne vyApaka pracAra karyo.JAmAM saduddIna ane imAmuddInanAM kAryonuM viziSTa mahattva che.

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294] saltanata kAla [pra. 13 muM saduddIne 11 hiMdu dharmazAstrone UMDo abhyAsa karyo. emaNe hiMduomAM sahelAIthI bhaLI zakAya e mATe "sahadeva' ane "haricaMda jevAM hiMdu nAma dhAraNa karyo ane islAmanI mahatvanI vyaktione hiMdu deva ke avatAre tarIke oLakhAvI temaja zakti paMthanAM keTalAMka kriyAkAMDa apanAvyAM. AthI prabhAvita thayelA ghaNuM zaktipUjaka lahANuoe saiyada saduddInane paMtha ("satapaMtha) apanAvyo. 13 mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM, saMbhavataH I.sa. 1470-71mAM, gujarAtamAM AvI vaselA ImAmuddIne(ImAmazAha) pitAno "ImAmazAhI paMtha sthApe, je "pIrANA paMtha" tarIke paNa oLakhAya che. emaNe pitAnA paMthane asala hiMdu paMtha lAge evuM svarUpa ApyuM. emaNe pitAnA paMthamAM AvanAra hiMduone potapotAnAM rItarivAja, raheNIkaraNI ane mAnyatAo yathAvata rAkhavAnI chUTa ApI. ImAmuddInanA upadezano prabhAva vizeSataH kaNabIo para paDyo, jemAM matiyA kaNabAono paNa samAveza thAya che. ImAmudIna pachI emanA putra "AdiviSNu niraMjana naralI muhammadazAha" (nUra muhammadazAha) ane pAMca zikhyo hajhArabega bhAbhArAma nayAkAkA zanAkAkA ane cIcIbAIe uttara gujarAtanA ghaNA vistAra mAM ane madhya gujarAtamAM peTalAda ane kAnama sudhI A paMthane khAsa karIne nIcalI komamAM pracAra karyo. 14 15 mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM saiyada muhammada jaunapurIe uttara bhAratamAM mehadavI paMthapravartAvI gujarAtamAM paNa ene pracAra karyo. emAM badhA dharmo tarapha Adara dharAvavAne Adeza tema cAritryazIlatA ane IzvaranI bhakti para bhAra mUkavAmAM AvyA hatA. medasvI vicArono prabhAva sAmAnya lekAmAM jhaDapathI prasarato gayo. madhya gujarAtamAM DabhoI ane uttara gujarAtamAM pAlanapura enAM mahatvanAM keMdra banyAM. kArIgara varganA lekoe A paMtha apanAvyo. 15 satanata kAla daramyAna hiMdu rAjyo paranA AkramaNa vakhate keTalAka vijetA nAjhimo ane sulatAnoe islAmane svIkAra karavA mATe baLa vAparyuM hovAnA dAkhalA maLI Ave che. gujarAtanA keTalA nAjhima jhapharakhAna uphe mujhaphapharakhAne I.sa. 13951402 daramyAna temanAtha-pATaNa, IDara ane dIvamAM hiMdu maMdirone nAza karyo, pATaNa ane dIvamAM masjida baMdhAvI ane pATaNamAM islAmanA pracAra mATe mullAM ane maulavI mUkyA. 15

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pari.] gujarAtamAM islAmano kevAvo ane enI asara [395 sulatAna ahamadazAha 1 le dharmacusta hato ane islA ne pracAra kare ene potAnI pharaja gaNato hato. eNe pitAnA rAjyakAlanAM AraMbhika varSomAM IslAmano pracAra karAvavAmAM baLane upayoga karyo hato. vaLI eNe binamuslima loko para jajiyAvero nAkhyo ane ene vasUla karavAmAM kaDakAI vAparI, jenA pariNAme islAmamAM dharmAtara karanArAonI saMkhyA vadhI. 17 eNe saMkheDAbahAdurapuramAM islAmanA pracArArthe kAjI ane khatIbonI nimaNUka karI. 18 keTalAka loko sulatAnanI asahiSNu nItirItione sAmane karavA lAgyA te emane kaDaka hAthe dabAvI dIdho ane emanAM sthAnomAMnAM devAlaya toDI pADI tyAM majide bAMdhavAmAM AvI. 19 sulatAne dharmapracAra ane dharmAtara karAvavA arthe malika tuphA nAmanA amaladArane "tAjula-sUka'no khitAba ApIne maMdire teDIne ene sthAne masjida mAMdhavAnI kAmagIrI soMpI. ene virodha karanArA pAsethI pharajiyAta jajiyAvero ugharAvavAmAM Avato. * eNe keTalAka hiMduone islAmamAM ANyA. je rAjapUtoe IslAma ravIkAryo teo "mele salAma" kahevAyA, jyAre vANiyA ane brAhmaNa vaherA kAmamAM bhaLyA. 21 mahamUda begaDAe jUnAgaDha para trIjIvAra (I. sa. 1469mAM) AkramaNa karyuM tyAre eNe pitAno udeza islAmanA pracAra karavAno spaSTapaNe jAhera karyo hato ane manAyuM che ke jUnAgaDhanA rA'mAMDalika 3 jAne islAmane svIkAra karavAnI pharaja pADI hatI.22 eNe I.sa. 1472mAM dakSiNa siMdhamAMnA soDhA ane sumarA saradArone harAvI emAMnA jemaNe islAmane svIkAra karyo te paikInA, keTalAkane potAnI sAthe lAvI soraThamAM vasAvyA ane A navA muslimone ilAmanA siddhAMto ane AcArAnuM zikSaNa ApavAno prabaMdha karyo. 23 mahamUda begaDAe I.sa. 1473 mAM dvArakA para AkramaNa karI dvArakA ane beTanAM ghaNAM maMdira ane mUrtio toDI pADavA, ane dvArakAnA rAjA bhImane krUrata pUrvaka mArI nAkhyA. 24 cAMpAneranI chata vakhate pakaDAyelA cAMpAneranA rAja patAI rAvaLa(jayasiMha)nI tathA enA pradhAna maMtrI DuMgarazInI slAmane svI kAra karavAno inakAra mATe katala karavAmAM AvI. patAI rAvaLanI be kuMvarIone jhanAnakhAnAmAM mokalI ApavAmAM AvI ane enA eka bALa kuMvarane islAmane svIkAra karAvI enuM nAma "husena rAkhyuM.25 mahamUda begaDAe rANapuranA rANajI gohelane mArI enA bhANeja hAlujI paramArane musalamAna banAvI gAdI ApI, je rANapuranA mele salAma' garAsiyAonA AdipuruSa gaNAya che. * sulatAna mahamUda 3 jAe (I.sa. 1537-1554) hiMduo pAsethI vAMTAnI

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- satanata kAla |. 13 muM jAgIro laI levAno hukama karyo. vaLI eNe hiMduone ghoDesavArI karavAnI ane haLI-divALInA tahevAra jAheramAM UjavavAnI manAI pharamAvI. hiMduoe pitAnA jamA ane aMgarakhAnI bAMya ke khabhA para sulatAna pratyenI zaraNAgati sUcavavA lAla raMganuM kapaDuM rAkhavuM e hukama pharamAvyuM. eNe devAlamAM pUjA vakhate ghaMTa mRdaMga ke kaI paNa vAjiMtra vagADavAnI manAI karI.27 muslima zAsakenI baLajabarIthI lAcAra banIne keTalAka hiMdue e islAmane svIkAra karyo. jemanA upara baLajabarI thaI haze temane moTe bhAga hiMdu dharmamAM pAcho AvavA IcchA rAkhe. paraMtu emane pAchA levAmAM AvatA nahi. AvI sthitimAM evA lekone islAmamAM ja rahI javuM paDayuM. muslimanuM rAjakIya prabhutva sthapAtAM keTalAka lokee sahatanatamAM karI dhana aizvarya ane rAja-kRpA meLavavAnI lAlacathI paNa islAmane svIkAra karyo. dilhInA sulatAnanI mAphaka AvAM pralebhana ApavAM gujarAtanA muslima zAsakene paNa Avazyaka hatAM. hiMduonA vividha rAjavaMza hajI paNa vidyamAna hatA ane teo potAnI rAjazaktine uddhAra karavA mATe prayatnazIla banatA hatA. bIjI bAju rAjapUtamAM vIre ane sainikonI paNa oTa AvI nahatI. AvI sthitimAM hiMduone eka varga IslAmane svIkAra karIne murilama zAsanamAM sahAya kare to ja muslima zAsana dRDha thAya ema hatuM. e mATe sulatAnee je hiMduo islAmane svIkAra kare temane jajiyAverAmAMthI mukti ApI ane emanAmAMnA pratibhAzALIone sarakArI nokarImAM UMcA heddA ApavanI nIti akhatyAra karI 28 dilhInA sulatAna kubudIna mubArakazAha khalajI(I.sa. 1316-1320 e pitAnA mAnItA salAhakAra hasanane "khurokhAna ane khitAba enAyata karI vachara banAvyo hato. AgaLa jatAM eNe dilhInuM takhta kabaje karyuM hatuM. 29 dilhInA sulatAna muhammadazAha tugalake I.sa. 1739 mAM gujarAtanA nAjhima tarIke nImela malika mukabila tilaMgI tAjo ja dharma parivartana karIne hiMdumAMthI musalamAna banela hatuM ane khAne jahAna nAyaba bakhtayAre' khitAba dharAvatuM hatuM. gujarAtanI satanatanA vAstavika sthApaka mujhapharazAhanA pitA vacharala-muka ane kAkA zamazerakhAna mULa TAMka jAtinA rAjapUta hatA.31 cAMpAneranA dharmAtara karAvIne muslamAna banAvela maleka husenane sulatAna mujhaphapharazAha 2 jAe ahamadanagara (hiMmatanagara)ne nijhAmumuka nImyo hato.32

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pari.) gujarAtamAM islAmane phelAve ane enI asara [390 e samayanA hiMdu samAjanI sthiti paNa islAmanA pracAra mATe keTaleka aMze javAbadAra hatI. hiMdu samAja UMca-nIca varNonA leTemAM vibhAjita hato. emAM nIcA varNanI janatAne ucca varNanI janatA jevA sAmAjika ane Arthika adhikAra maLyA na hatA. islAmamAM emane e adhikAra maLaze ema lAgatAM emaNe islAmane AvakAryo. nIcalA varganI jJAtie, e islAmane svIkAra karyo hovAnAM aneka daSTAMta maLe che; jevIke ghAMcI khatrI chIpA kaDiyA piMjarA kuMbhAra dhobI kasAI bhistI raMgareja bhaThiyArA mocI bAroTa bhoI telI khAravA matiyA miyANA memanA vagere.33 uparyukta paribaLone laIne gujarAtamAM saltanata kALa daramyAna islAmane pracAra tema prasAra thayo. saMparka saltanata kAla daramyAna rAjakIya ane sAmAjika kSetre ahIM vasatI hiMda prajA muslima zAsake tathA prajAjanenA vizeSa saMparkamAM AvI. nAjhimanA zAsanamAM hiMdu nAgarikone mahatvanA rAjakIya hedA bhAge ja maLatA, paraMtu sulatAna ahamadazAha 1 lAnA samayathI emane rAjyanA vahIvaTItaMtramAM ucca hoddA apAvA zarU thayA. vahIvaTItaMtramAM sAdhAraNa rIte bIjI paMktinA moTA hoddA hiMduone ApavAmAM A tA. mahesUlakhAtuM hisAbakhAtuM vageremAM moTe bhAge hiMduo ja hatA.34 kahevAya che ke sulatAna ahamadazAha 1 lAnA maMtrImaMDaLamAM mANekacaMda ane motIcaMda nAmanA be vaNike samAveza hato.35 jaina sAhityamAMthI enA darabArIomAM guNarAja saMghavI, gadA maMtrI ane karmaNa maMtrI evAM nAma prApta thAya che. rAyarAmAM nAmano hiMdu amIra mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM amadAvAdamAM hato.37 A sulatAnanA samayamAM suratamAM gopInAtha nAmane prakhyAta nAgara amIra hato. phiraMgIo sAthenA gujarAtanA sulatAnanA jhaghaDAmAM eNe sulatAnapakSe agatyane bhAga bhajavyo hato.8 sulatAna kubuddIne (I.sa. 1451-1459) mevADanA rANA kuMbhA sAme mekalelI senAmAM rAya rAyacaMda(rAmacaMdra ke amIcaMda)ne AgevAnI saMpI hatI.39 humAyU sAme pAvAgaDhanA killAnuM rakSaNa bahAdurazAhe IkhtiyArakhAna tathA rAjA narasiMhadevane sepyuM hatuM. * ene saurASTranA nAjhima mujAhIdakhAnane kavirAja ane nRsiMha nAmanA be jaina kArabhArI hatA.41

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398] saltanata kAla ' [pra. 13 muM have rAjyataMtramAM hiMduo ane musalamAne te ekabIjAnI nikaTa AvavAne avasara maLe. vaLI rAjakIya varganA musalamAnee hiMdu strIo sAthe lagna karavA mAMDayAM tethI emanAM gharomAM hiMdu gharonuM sAskRtika vAtAvaraNa pahoMcI gayuM. hiMdu strIonA prabhAvathI musalamAnonI dhArmika kaTTaratA ane pharatA ghaTI ane tethI sAMskRtika kSetre samanvaya sAdhavo sugama banyo. vaLI zAMtimaya samayamAM hiMda tathA muslima mahelAmAM vasatA lokonA paraspara saMparkane laIne teonI raheNIkaraNImAM paraspara asara pravartI. A saMparkanI sArI mAThI asara bhavAInA vezamAM jovA maLe che, jemAM samAja jIvananuM pratibiMba paDatuM hoya che; dA.ta., jhaMDA-jhulaNa, miyAM-bIbI vagere veza. asare islAmane phelAvo thavAthI gujarAtI samAjamAM muslimone eka vibhAga umerAya. alAudInanI senAonA somanAtha paranA AkramaNa pachI hiMdu prajAe salAmatI mATe nAsabhAga karavA mAMDI ne vividha jJAtio sthAnAMtara karIne jyAM tyAM verAI-patharAI gaI. A jJAti o jyAM gaI tyAM emaNe potAnA vasavATanA mULa sthaLanI sUcaka aTako dhAraNa karI; dA.ta. somapurA brAhmaNa, salATa; DIsAvALa brAhmaNa, vANiyA; jAlaharA (jAlerA) brAhmaNa, vANiyA: sAcorA brAhmaNa, vANiyA; aDAlajA brAhmaNa, vANiyA; se raThiyA vANiyA, vagere. A kAlanI brAhmaNo ane vANiyAonI 84-84 jJAti jANavA maLe che, jemAM nI keTalIka sthAnAMtarane kAraNe udabhavelI hovAnuM emanAM mULa sthAnasUcaka nAma parathI jaNAya che.43 13 mI sadInA aMtamAM ane 14 mI sadInA prAraMbhamAM keTalAka leka saurASTra cheDI cheka dakSiNa bhAratamAM jaI vasyA.44 khANIpINInA zokhIna ane garama pradezamAMthI AvelA muslimone mIThAI ane zarabata ghaNAM priya hatAM. bhAratanA anya pradezanI jema gujarAtamAM paNa emanI keTalIka mIThAIo prastuta kAlamAM pracalita thaI hovAnuM jaNAya che. jalebI, judI judI jAtanA halavA, baraphI, sakkarapArA, zIro, gulAbajAMbu ane meMdAnI ghaNI vAnIo hiMduoe apanAvI. 16 mI sadInA madhya bhAgamAM male gujarAtamAM AvI vasyA hevAthI mughala vAnIo paNa pracalita thaI hevA saMbhave che.

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pare ] gujarAtamAM islAmanA phelAvA ane enI asara { 399 gujarAtanA sulatAnee masjido ane nahelA jevI ja imArata pAse temaja anyatra chUTI jagyAemAM bAgabagIcA karAvI emAM IrAna turkastAna balucistAna temaja adhAnistAnanAM vRkSa gujarAtanI bhUminAM vAvyAM. tyArathI anAra ajIr aMgUra Alu jaradAlu tarabUca nAraMgI nAsapatI AlasA kudIne badAma sapharajana vagere lIlAcUkA mevAne ahIM vyApaka vaparAza zarU thayeA.45 prastuta kAlamAM hiMduenA pozAka para muslima pozAkane kAI prabhAva paDayo hatA ke kema e nizcita karI zakAtuM nathI. muslimAnA saMparkathI gujarAtI bhASAmAM arabI-fArasI zabdone vaparAza vacce| hAvAnuM prastuta kalanI samarArAsu raNamala chaMdra kAnhaDadeprabaMdha, vimalaprAdha vagare kRtio parathI jaNAI Ave che; jemake amuka mIThAIo ane mevAenAM nAma, asavAra, kamAla, kArIgarI, kharacI, khudA, khuzI, cAcI, javaharI (jhaverI), jaMjIra, tejI (tejasvitA), teA khAra (dhADA), bakAla, bAjAra, bhAMdI, khIkhI, majUra. mIra, lAMca, sAhiba vagere 46 khIjI bAju muslima samAjajIvana para hiMdu saMskRtine| prabhAva paNa paDA lAgyA. je AkhI ne AkhI jJa tie islAma aMgIkAra karyAM teoe peAtAnI agAunI raheNIkaraNI, paraMparAgata prathAe ane mAnyatAe cAlu rAkhI, muslama kuTu MbomAM paraNelI hiMdu strIoe aneka hiMdu prathAone muslima parivAramAM prasthApita karI. hiMdu jJAtivyavasthA jevA ja vargabheda muslima samAjamAM pravartyA. agAu tu aphadhAna IrAnI turAnI jevA bheda hatA, paNa emanuM svarUpa hiMdu jJAti jevu nahAtuM, paNa have dhIme dhIme dhadhe AMtaralagna kATikrama ane kapazuddhinI bhAvanA para AdhArita jJAtiprathA muslima samAjamAM paNa spaSTa thavA lAgI. saiyada zekha paThANu vaNakara vagere jJAti lagnavyavahAra mATe jJAtimaryAdA apanAvavA lAgI,47 islAmamAM talAka ane vidhavApuna lagnanI dRSTa hatI, paraMtu tatkAlIna hiMdu samAjanI asarathI ene pracAra ghaNA dhaTI gayA 48 hiMduenI asarathI muslimA pAna khAvAnA zokhIna banI gayA. hiMdu kanyAee muslimA sAthe lagna karyAM pachI seMthImAM siMdUra pUravAnuM cAlu rAkhyuM, jenuM anukaraNa anya muslima strI paNa karavA lAgI. hiMdu samAjanI mAnyatA mujaba bhUta-preta ane DAkaNamAM mAnavuM, najara lAgavAnI bAbatamAM vizvAsa karavA, maMtrayukta yaMtra ke dArA athavA tAvIja

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* * [gna, 13 su bhAMdhavAM hiMdueAmAM pracalita badhAM ja zukana-apazukana mAnavAM, vagere hiMdu prabhAvanuM pariNAma che.49 sanAta issAnA jIsmAilI khAna patha para hiMdu dharmanA vyApaka prabhAva paDyo DhavAnuM upara darzAvavAmAM AveluM che.pa bhAratIya muslima sthApatya para hiMdu sthApatya-klAne keTaleAka prabhAva paDyo che, paraMtu emAMya anya prAMtAtI sarakhAmaNImAM gujarAtamAM AvA prabhAva vizeSa evA maLe che. bhAratanA anya prAMtanI jema gujarAtamAM keTalAMka maMdirAne musalamAnee masjidamAM pheravI nAkhyAM. maMdiranAM zikhara tADIne ene sthAne enA ja avazeSAmAMthI gALa dhumata banAvI dIdho. garbhagRha ane maMDapa vaccenI dIvAle teADIne temaja emAMnI mUrtione tADI-phoDI nAkhIne tyAM namAja paDhavA mATenA trivAnanI racanA karI levAmAM AvI. maMdiranI keTalIka velabuTTA jevI sajAvaTa yathAvata rakhAI, jyAre devadevIo ane anya manuSyAkRtine khaMDita karavAmAM AvI OM ghasI nAkhIne ene sthAne phUlavela jevI AkRti karavAmAM AvI. madira pAse AvelA kuMDane hAjamAM pheravI nAkhavAmAM AvyA. muslima ijanerAnI dekharekha nIce hiMdu zilpIo pAsethI A kAma levAmAM AvyuM. ahInA zilpIe paNa potAnA muslima svAmIeAnI rucine anukULa masjido makabarA rAjA ane mahela banAvyAM. A zilpIoe muslima imAratAnA bAhya svarUpane akabaMdha rukhIne emAM hiMdu zelonAM keTalAMka suzobhanAtmaka tattva umeryA. pariNAme muslima sthApatyanI naradama sAdAI ghaTavA lAgI ane e imAratA bhavya ane maneAhara dekhAvA lAgyuM, enAthI prabhAvita thayelA musalamAne e eneA saharSa svIkAra karI lIdho.11 ahIMnA muslima sthApatyamAM bauddha hiMdu ane jaina kalAnAM suMdara tattvane samanvaya A kAlamAM thayA. emAM jaina kalAnA prabhAva vizeSa rahelA che. mAM mArAmAM semapurA zilpIoe adbhuta racanA-kauzala ane zilpa-kasaba rzAvyAM. ratabhA ane pATaDAe temaja geAkhalA ane jharUkhAnI racanA ane mAnaka dArA tathA maherAkhe|nI sajAvaTanI bAbatamAM hiMdu zailIne vyApaka mAtra jovA maLe che.52 zrI ratnamaNirAva joTa. kahe che tema "bharapUra alaMkAra sAthe ja svaccha sAdAIne, majabUtAI sAthe lAvaNyane je sumeLa gujarAtanA muslima sthApatyamAM sAyA che evA hiMdanA anya prAMtanA ke hiMdu bahAranA dezAnA sthApatyamAM evA muzkela che.pa3

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pari] gujaramAM IsAmano phelAve ane enI asara pAdaTIpa 1. S. C. Misra, 'Medieval History', Souvenir, 66 th session of Indian National Congress Bhavnagar, Part III, p. 94 2. vigato mATe juo graMtha , pR. 375 ane pachInAM pRSTha. 3. karIma mahamada mAstara, "mahAgujarAtanA musalamAne', bhAga 1-2, 5. 17-18 4 juo upara pR. 99, 4. S. C. Misra, Muslim Communities in Gujarat (MCG), pp. 22-23 6. Ibid, p. 23; karIma mahamada mAstara, uparyukta, pa. 16-168 7. juo upara pR. 333, 6. S. C. Misra, 'Mediaval History', op. cit., p. 94 . . vigata mATe juo pra. ci. parIkha, "bhAratane sAMskRtika ItihAsa, bhAga 3, pR. 176. 10. ejana, bhAga 2, pR. 181-183 11. sadudInanA cokkasa samayanI bAbatamAM ghaNe matabheda pravarte che, paraMtu teo saltanata kAlamAM thayAnuM nizcita jaNAya che. A carcA mATe juo S. C. Mirsa, MCG, p. 58. 12. S. C. Misra, MCG, p. 58. karIma mahamada mAstare "satadeva' ane 'haracaMda nAma ApyAM che (uparyukta pR. ra04); jyAre bhagavadgomaMDalamAM "sahadeva' ane harakhacaMda" ApelAM che. 13. s. C. Misra, MCG, p. 58; upara pR. 380 14. s. C, Misra, Ibid, pp. 60-61 15. Ibid., p. 14; pra. ci. parIkha, upayuMkta, bhAga 3, pR. 177 16. juo upara pR. 43-44, 29. M. S. Commissariat, History of Gujarat, Vol. I, p. 80, S. C. Misra, Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat (RMPG), p. 175; Oral upara pR. 76. 16. Mirati Sikandiri, p. 17 9 . S. C. Misra, RMPG, p. 182 20. M. S. Commissariat, op. cit., p. 80 21. upara pR. 120, pAdaTIpa 36 ra2. upara pR. 91 23. Mirati Sikandiri, p. 60 78. Ibid., pp. 60-62 25. Ibid, p. 67; upara pR. 95 i-5-26

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402] satanata kAla [pra. 13 muM 20. 2. bhI. jeTa, gujarAtane sAMskRtika itihAsa islAma yuga', khaMDa 2, pR. pAra tathA e uparanI pAdaTIpa 83 ra7. Mirati Sikandiari, p. 239 28. pra. ci. parIkha, uparyukta, bhAga 2, pR.14 P. M. S. Commissariat, op. cit., pp. 17-18 30. upara pR. 30 31. juo upara pR. 53 32. juo upara pR. 133, pAdaTIpa 4 33. karIma mahamada mAstara, uparyukta, pR. 107 ane pachInAM pRSTha 34. 2. bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 2, pR. 353, 469 34. Rasmala, Part I, pp. 318f. 36. 2. bI. neTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 2, pR. 353 uparanI pAdaTIpa 7 37. ejana, khaMDa 2, pR. 508; upara pU. 6ra 38, ejana, khaMDha 3, 5, 687 3. ejana, khaMDa 2, pR. 44, 469 40. ejana, khaMDa 3, pR. 744 . ejana, khaMDa 3, pR. 718-19 ane e paranI pAdaTIpa 6 42. bA, ma. sAha, " narasiMha mahetA pUrvenA prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM vyakata thatuM samAjajIvana". pR. 42, 45; dhI. dha. zAha, vimalaprabaMdha-adhyayana', pR. 113 43. juo upara pU. ra77, pAdaTIpa 3 ane 7. 44. ra. bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 1, pR. 140 45. narottama vALaMda, "gujarAta' dIpotsavI aMka vi. saM. 2023, khaMDa 1, uparyukta, 5.14 46. dhI. dha. zAha, uparyukata, pR. 137 47. karIma mahamada mAstara, uparyukta, pR. 12; upara pU. ra7ra-ra74 48. ejana, pR. 78, upara pR. 274 49. ejana, pR. 477, parara, pa31-34 vagere 50. upara pR. 379-382 51, pra, ci. parIkha, uparyukta, bhAga 2, 188-18, 192 para. ejana, bhAga 2, pR. 22-04 53, 2, bhI. jeTa, uparyukta, khaMDa 2, pR. 377

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khaMDa: 4 purAvastu prakaraNa 14 sthaLa-tapAsa ane ukhanana dvArA maLelI mAhitI sAmAnyata: ApaNA itihAsanA adhyayanamAM solaMkI kAla pachInI saMskRtine abhyAsa pramANamAM ochuM karavAmAM Avyo che, pramANamAM navA ja graMtheno temaja pramANamAM navI vastuono abhyAsa paNa ghaNe che zake che. A upekSAvRttinuM piSaka baLa atyaMta prAcIna vastuonI zaidhanI bhAvanA che. purAvastumAM ApaNe tyAM prAgU itihAsa ane prAcIna itihAsanA padArthone AvarI laIne pramANamAM navA lAgatA padArthonA abhyAsamAM durlakSa sevI ene pUrato abhyAsa karavAmAM Avato nathI, taduparAMta selaMkIonA asta pachInA rAjyapalaTAmAM dharmanuM tattva pramANamAM vadhu bhAga bhajavatuM thayuM hovAnI mAnyatA che. jUnAM rAjarajavADAM lagnAdi saMbaMdhane rAjyanA saMbaMdhe vadhAravA upayoga karatAM hatAM ema chatAM jANe ke deza dhArmika dRSTie judA judA vibhAgomAM vaheMcAI gaye heya evo AtyaMtika vicAra phelAvavAnA prayAsane lIdhe paNa A kAlanA adhyayana pratye thoDuM ghaNuM durlakSa sevAya che. AvI paristhitimAM paNa A kAlanI saMskRtino abhyAsa karavA mATe keTalAMka prabaLa kAraNa paNa che. A kAlanI ghaNI sAmagrI-sthApatyA zeSa, graMthabhaMDAromAMnA graMtha ke enI nakale, nagere vagere prApta thatAM hovAthI enI jANeajANe noMdha levAyelI hoI, ene keTaleka abhyAsa thAya che. prAcIna gAmaDAMemAM A kAlanA thara lagabhaga upara hevAthI ane enuM ukhanana karyA pachI nIcenA thara maLatA hovAthI enI nedha purAvastuvidone levI paDatI hoya che ane tethI jANye-ajAye A kAlanI sAmagrIne keTaleka abhyAsa thayo che.

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404] satanI kAla A kAlanI bhautika sAmagrImAM nagaro, sthApatyAvaze, mATIkAmanI vastuo, dhAtunI vastuo vagere mukhyatve najare paDe che tene gujarAtamAM abhyAsa zarU karavAmAM Avyo che. ene baLe keTalIka mAhitI prApta thaI che. enI madadathI ane gujarAtamAM thayelAM keTalAMka ukhanAmAMthI prApta thayelI mAhitInI sahAyathI ahIM keTalIka mAhitI ApavAmAM Ave che. mATIkAma sAmAnyataH dhAtunI zodha pahelAM mATIkAma sAruM hatuM evo abhiprAya jevAmAM Ave che. ApaNe tyAMnA mATIkAmamAM solaMkI kAlanI je AchIpAtaLI mAhitI che te jotAM, enA keTalAka aMza A kAlamAM cAlu rahyA ane keTalAka aMza navA umerAyA ema lAge che. cAlu rahelA aMzomAM sAdAM tathA ghUMTelAM lAla temaja kALAM vAsaNono ghATa khAsa badalAya nathI, paraMtu enAM DhAMkaNAomAM viziSTa ghATa maLavA lAge che. ApaNe tyAM DhAMkaNAMo tarIke koDiyAM ke capaNano upayoga karavAmAM Ave tyAre e bene bheda tAravavAnuM zakya banatuM nathI, paraMtu viziSTa ghATana DhAMkaNAMnI banAvaTa parakhAya che. A kAlamAM traNeka jAtanAM DhAMkaNAM dekhAya che. A DhAMkaNAMomAM eka prakAranA DhAMkaNAno mogaro nAne ane capaTI heya che, ane DhAMkaNuM koDiyA jevuM hoya che (AkRti 13). bIjA prakAranA DhAMkaNAmAM aMdaranA bhAgamAM ene pakaDavAne hAtha ke vacce nAnI kUlaDI jevo dhATa banAvavAmAM Ave che, jayAre trIjA prakAranuM DhAMkaNuM suzakti pelA mogarAvALuM ane ghaMTAkRti hoya che. A prakAranAM DhAMkaNuono upayoga hAlamAM jovAmAM Avato nathI, paraMtu bIjA prakAranAM DhAMkaNAM adyApi vaparAzamAM che. ghaMTAkRti DhAMkaNuM AkhAM bhAgyeja maLe che, paraMtu enA megarA ane nIcenA bhAga chUTA maLI Ave che. pittaLanAM vAsaNomAM A ghATa gaI sadI sudhI kavacit banato hato, paraMtu Aje enI banAvaTa tema upayoga baMdha thaI gayAM che. A uparAMta madhyakAlanAM lAla opavALAM vAsaNomAM maLatI pyAlI paNa viziSTatA dhAraNa kare che. nAnI goLa UbhA beThaka para nAnImoTI suMdara pyAlIo banAvavAmAM AvatI. A pyAlo AsapAtra hovAno saMbhava che. ene ghATa jene aMgrejImAM wine-cup kahevAmAM Ave che tene kaMIka maLo che. A vAsaNe gALelI mATImAMthI banAvavAmAM Ave che ane eno caLakATa tathA ene daLa eTaluM sAruM hoya che ke binaanubhavI abhyAsI ene I.sa.nI zarUAtanA

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14muM] sthaLa tapAsa ane ukhanana dvArA maLelI mAhitI 405 ghaNI prazaMsA pAmelAM lAla opavALAM vAsaNa gaNavA mATe prerAya. A vAsaNonI uttama kakSA prazaMsanIya che. A jAtanA dhaData nAM nAnAMmoTAM vividha kadanAM aneka ghATanAM vAsaNa paNa maLI Ave che. A badhAM vAsaNa sAmAnya vaparAzanA hevAne badale viziSTa khAnapAnAdimAM vaparaDatAM hovAno vadhu saMbhava che. sAmAnya vaparAzanAM vAsaNonI sarakhAmaNImAM A "AsaNo saphAIdAra ane keTalIka vAra suzobhita karavAmAM AvelAM dekhAya che. saltanata kAlanAM A vAsaNo uparAMta epavaLAM vividha ghATanAM vAsaNa lAkSaNika gaNAya che. A vAsaNonI vividha jAto astitvamAM hatI te paikI lAlA vAsaNa para caDAvelA kAcanA ApavALAM pAtronI paraMparA naSTa thaI gaI che. A vAsaNamAM thALI kaTorA leTA mukhyatve jovAmAM Ave che. lIlA bhUrA tathA kavacita sapheda raMganA opavALAM A vAsaNa sAdA tathA cItarelAM hoya che. e cItarelAM vAsaNamAM thALInuM pramANa vadhAre hoya che ane emAM mukhyatve phUlavelanI bhAto. najare paDe che. moTe bhAge A citrakAma kALA raMge thayeluM hoya che (AkRti 14). A vAsaNe parane Apa tapAsatAM emAM jAtajAtanI kakSAe dekhAya che. keTalAMka vAsaNone opa sAro hoya che, jyAre bIjAMonA opamAM vAyu nIkaLavAthI pahelAM ddhi hoya che. AvAM opa caDAvelA vAsaNamAM moTe bhAge eka ja bAju para epa hoya che ane bIjI bAja khullI hoya che, jyAre enA bIjA prakAromAM baMne bAju para epa caDAvela hoya che. A prakAramAM vividha jAtanAM vAsaNa maLI Ave che. emAM vacceno bhAga sapheda, paNa enuM pAta kAMkarIvALuM hoI e judAM tarI Ave che; cInathI AyAta thatAM vAsaNa A kAlamAM ghaNA pramANamAM maLe che. cInamAM sArAM vAsaNa banAvavAnI paraMparA jatI che. paraMtu Azare sAtamI sadI pachI tyAMnI vAsaNa banAvavAnI paraMparAne ghaNo vikAsa thAya che, ane e vikAsanA pariNAme lIlA raMganAM mAbAnI ghArI' vagere nAme oLakhAtAM vAsaNa ghaNA dezomAM nikAsa thatAM dekhAya che. AvAM vAsaNa yuropa AphrikA ane eziyAnA judA judA bhAgomAM chellAM hajAra varSomAM cInathI jatAM. cInanAM A vAsaNone mehamaya asarane lIdhe enI mAMga ghaNI rahetI. enA avazeSa cIna bahAra ghaNA dezomAMthI maLI Ave che. gujarAtamAMthI A vAsaNonA namUnA vaDodarA khaMbhAta cAMpAnera bharUca vaTavA vagere aneka sthaLoethI maLyA che temAM paNa kaTorA ane thaLI mukhyatve jovAmAM Ave che. A vAsaNo moTe bhAge sAdAM hoya che, paraMtu keTalIka vAra enI mATI bhInI hoya tyAre

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406 satanata kAla pri. 'enI para paDaghI pADI hoya che ke suzobhana banAvyAM hoya che. A vAsaNo mukhyatve lIlA raMganAM hoya che ane enI para kudaratI rIte jhINI vAtaDa paDelI 'hAya che. A vAtaDane lIdhe enI parIkSA karavAnI eka paraMparA kalAnA abhyAsI kalekAmAM cAlu che. cInathI AyAta thatAM bIjAM vAsaNa apheda raMganAM hoya che ane enI upara bhUrA raMge citrakAma kareluM hoya che. A vAsaNa miMga vaMzanA samayamAM banatAM. emAM judA judA rAjavIonI nItinI tathA vepAranI caDatI paDatInI asara thatI. 14 mI sadIthI saMbhavataH A vAsaNo judA judA prasage ApaNuM dezamAM AvatAM rahyAM che ane e miMga vaMza bAda paNa AvatAM hatAM. A paraMparAnAM vAsaNomAM kaTara, thALI, nAnImoTI zIzIo, nAnImoTI kaDIo vagere ghaNA ghATa jovAmAM Ave che. A vAsaNo para phUlavelanI bhAta temaja keTalIka vAra paMkhAonAM citra ane bhaumitika bhAta vagere najare paDe che. A vAsaNa atyAranAM cinAI vAsaNo jevAM heI enAM prAptisthAnene cokkasa khyAla na hoya ane enAM citronI vigatone khyAla e cho heya to e pArakhavAM muzkela paDe che. jyAre A vAsaNane taLiye cInI lipimAM lakhANa hoya tyAre e cInathI AyAta thayelAM hovAnuM rapaSTa samajAya che, paraMtu A vAsaNe paikI keTalAMkanI upara suMdara devanAgarI lipimAM lakhANa hoya che. A lakhANa joIne keTalAka e vAsaNo bhAratamAM banyAM hatAM ema mAnIne prerAya, paraMtu A vAsaNanuM ghaDatara temati vagere jotAM e paradezathI AyAta thayelAM hevA bAbata zaMkA rahetI nathI. cInI lipimAM lakhANo vAMcavA mATe ApaNane bhASAjJAnanA abhAve muzkelI paDe che, paraMtu gujarAtamAM maLelAM vAsaNo para "sAruM nasIba "mahAna miMga rAjavaMza daramyAna banelAM vagere arthanAM lakhANa jevAmaM AvyAM che. A vAsaNa paranAM lakhANa vaMcAyA bAda cIna sAthenA vepAranI keTalI badhI asara ApaNe tyAM hatI ane khyAla Ave che. cInathI AyAta thatAM vAsaNamAM eka bAju bhUrAM ane bIjI bAju sapheda evAM vAsaNa paNa maLyAM che. A tamAma vAsane cInI leke "paththara jevAM vAsaNo" tarIke oLakhe che. ApaNe tyAM e "cInI vAsaNo'ne nAme oLakhAya che, jyAre yuropamAM ene DukkaranA dAMta jevAM sapheda vAsaNo" tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. AjanAM pyAlA rakAbI jevAM A vAsaNa jUnAM sthaLo parathI maLe tyAre ene megya khyAla na hoya tyAM sudhI ene taddana navAM vAsaNa gaNIne

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14muM sthaLa tapAsa ane utpanana dvArA maLelI mAhitI [40 ekatra karavAmAM AvatAM nathI. adhyayana mATe eka aMtarAya che, paraMtu enuM prAptisthAna, enA paranI bhAta vagerene sAre abhyAsa thayA pachI A vAsaNanI yogya parIkSA karavAnuM anukULa thaI paDe che. ApaNA dezanAM ghaNuM kuTuMbomAM cInathI AyAta thayelAM suMdara vAsaNane saMgraha hoya che; enI tapAsa karIne enuM yogya adhyayana karavAthI bhArata ane cInanA A saMbaMdha vadhu spaSTa thatA jaze. cInathI AvelAM manAtAM keTalAMka vAsaNa brahmadeza pratheTa-cAI (thAIlenDa) viyeTanAma Adi pradezamAMthI AvyAM hevAne pUrato saMbhava che. AvAM vAsaNa mukhyatve "mArtabAnI' ke dhorI' prakAranAM vAsaNomAM hovAnI zakyatA rahe che. cInanAM vAsaNonI ane A vAsaNonI paraMparA eka ja hovA chatAM sthAnika paristhiti ane rucine lIdhe emAM thoDA ghaNA pheraphAra hoya che, ane enI tapAsa karavAthI A pradezamAMthI madhyakAlamAM AvelAM vAsaNa parakhAya che ane e pradeza sAthenA ApaNA saMbaMdhone khyAla Ave che. A vAsaNo uparAMta keTalIka o5 caDAvelI koThIo paNa A kAlanAM sthaLoethI maLI Ave che. sAmAnya rIte Azare vIsathI cALIsa kilogrAma dANA rahe tevI A kAThIo vepAramAM vastuo bharIne ANavAmAM AvI haze, paraMtu mULa padArtha vaparAI gayA pachI hAlanA pekiMganA DabAnI mAphaka ene judA ja kAma mATe upayoga thato haze. padezI keDIenI sAthe dezI meTI kAThIo paNa hAthe banAvavAmAM AvatI hoya ema lAge che. A koThIonAM taLiyAM sapATa ke goLAkAra hoya che ane enAM moM pahelAM hoya che. emAM kivanTala ke enAthI vadhAre dANA samAI zake tevaDI moTI e kAThIo hoya che. A hAthe banAvelI kAThIonI sAthe keTalIka nAnI naLAkAra mATInI pavAlI dekhAya che te jamInamAM dATIne ene "dapaTa tarIke upayoga karavAmAM Avato hoya ema lAge che. mATInAM bIjAM sAdhanamAM naLiyAM ITa jevI imAratI vastuo ane ramakaDAM vagere banAvavAmAM AvatAM. A kAlamAM ardhagoLa naLiyAM banAvavAnI paraMparA zarU thatI dekhAya che ane e adyApi cAlu che. 15 mI sadIthI A prakAranAM ardhagoLa naLiyAM banAvavAmAM AvatAM, paraMtu enI sAthe nIcene bhAga sapATa ane baMne bAjue UbhI dhAravALAM thApalAM paNa banAvavAmAM AvatAM. thApalAMnI paraMparA jUnI che, paraMtu e paNa naLiyAMnI mAphaka adyApi cAlu che. A paraMparA patarAM ane have bharavAmAM AvatAM dhAbAMne lIdhe naSTa thatI jAya che. naLiyAMnI banAvaTa be prakAranI rahetIH eka prakAra mAtra sAdAM ardhagaLa naLiyAMne hatA, jyAre bIjA prakAranAM naLiyAM para

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saltanata kAla vAsaNonI mAphaka kAcane opa caDAvavAmAM Ave. A naLiyAMnuM pramANa ochuM che. rAjamahela para ke senApati ke pradhAna jevA moTA adhikArIonAM makAno para AvAM naLiyAM vaparAtAM hoya ema lAge che. e jamAnAnA mAnanIya saMtanAM raheThANa para paNa AvAM naLiyAMone upayoga thato hoya ema upalabdha purAvA parathI lAge che. A kAlamAM banelI ITo sArI rIte pakavelI hatI, paraMtu e 30 senTimITara jeTalI lAMbI, 20 thI 22 senTimITara jeTalI pahoLI ane 7 thI 8 senTimITara jeTalI jADI hovAnuM samajAya che. A kada 15 mI-16 mI sadInuM che. Ine upayoga sArA pramANamAM thato. e killA makAne kaMDa vagere taiyAra karavA tathA phabaMdhI karavA mATe ema vividha rIte vaparAtI. ene mATImAM ke cUnAmAM besADavAmAM AvatI. mATInAM pakavelAM ramakaDAM paNa A kAlamAM maLyAM che. emAM ghoDAnuM pramANa ghaNuM dekhAya che. khAsa karIne jana goThavelA ghoDAnA TukaDA ghaNA maLI Ave che. enI sarakhAmaNImAM bIjAM ramakaDAM ochAM dekhAya che. emAM vRSabha, gheTAM (AkRti 15), sa vagere pazuo ane lakhoTA sUkA vagere vastuone samAveza thato. patha mATInI A vividha vastuonA pramANamAM ochI, paraMtu bIja padArthonI sarakhAmaNImAM vadhAre vastuo paththaranI banelI najare paDe che. A kAlamAM hiMmatanagara nAthakuvA vagere sthaLonI khANe gujarAtamAM cAlu hatI. dhrAMgadhrA ane bIjAM sthaLoe saurASTramAM paNa khANa cAlu hovAnuM sakAraNa mAnI zakAya. imAratamAM vaparAyelA paththara jotAM e dakSiNa gujarAta, madhya gujarAta, saurASTra, temaja Abu DuMgarapura ityAdi sthaLoethI ApyA hoya ema enI jAto tapAsatAM lAge che. A paththaro para sArAM suzobhana thaI zakatAM hatAM. paraMtu A pradezanA para madhyakAlamAM vividha rIte vaparAtA lAge che. emAM patharanAM goLAe ghaMTIo nIzA nIzAtarA sarANa vagereno upayoga spaSTa thAya che. paththaranA goLAonAM vividha kada jovAmAM AvyAM che. ekAda senTimITarathI zarU karIne 60 senTimITara jeTalA vyAsanA A gALAmAM nAnA goLA lakhoTI ke lakhoTA tarIke ramakaDAM hovAno pUrato saMbhava che, paraMtu paMdareka senTimITarathI moTA vyAsanA ane ghaNA bhAre goLAone upayoga karayaMtra 8 kalI" jevAM nAmothI oLakhAtAM yaMtramAMthI zatruo para pheMkavA mATe thato hato. A

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14] sthaLa tapAsa ane utpanana dvArA maLelI mAhitI [40e paththara pheMkIne duzmanonAM hADa bhAMgI nAkhatA tathA ghaNe bhAre paththaro sachatra hAthIone chUMdI nAkhatA, evAM varNana parathI A vajanadAra patharone mAraka sAdhana tarIke upayoga spaSTa thAya che. AvA geLA jAlara ane cAMpAnera jevAM sthaLoe A kAlanA avazeSomAM jovAmAM AvyA che, e parathI samajAya che ke teno upayoga vadhyo te pahelAM A sAdhana vaparAtAM hatAM. gujarAtamAM 15 mI sadInA aMta sudhI A prakAranAM mAraka sAdhana vaparAtAM ane ene durgAnA rakSaNa mATe vyavasthita upayoga karavAmAM Avato hovAnA purAvA lakSamAM letAM kanhaDade-prabaMdha'nA tapanA ullekha kSepaka hevAnuM saraLatAthI samajAya che. sAmAnya vyavahAramAM paththarone nAnI moTI ghaMTIo banAvavA mATe upayoga ghaNo vyApaka banI gayo hato. AjanI ghaMTIonA pramANamAM ghaNI moTI Azare mITara karatAM vadhAre vyAsanI ghaMTIo vaparAtI hovAnA purAvA che. taduparAMta AjanA jevI nAnI ghaMTIo paNa vaparAtI enI racanA hAthe daLavAnI ghaMTInA jevI hoI, AjanI paraMparA paNa sArI evI jUnI hovAnuM samajAya che (AkRti 16). ghaMTInI sAthe paththaranA khAMDaNiyA ane vividha ghATanA rasiyA tathA nIzA ane nIzAtarA temaja khala-dastA paNa patharanA banelA jovAmAM Ave che. A nazA ane erasiyA pAyA vinAnA athavA TUMkA pAyAvALA hoya che (AkRti 17), ane e rIte eka bAju goLAkAra hoya ane bIjI bAju laMbacorasa hoya evA prAcIna ghATanI nIzA karatAM e judA paDe che. keTalAka orasiyAonA ja pAchaLanA bhAgamAM suzobhana kotaravAmAM AvatAM najare paDe che. keTalAka nAnA paththarona caMpu ke astrAnI dhAra kADhavAnI patharI tarIke upayoga thayelo dekhAya che e parathI paththarone sAmAnya upayoga vividha rIte thato hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. madhyakAlamAM daphanano rivAja islAmI paraMparAmAM phelAyele hAI kabaronA paththaro tarIke kharatA paththara ArasapahANuM vagere vaparAtA jovAmAM Ave che. A paththaro nakkara hoya che athavA keTalIka vAra nIcenA bhAge kotarIne pilA banAvelA hoya che. AvA pilA banAvelA paththarono mULa upayoga bhulAI jatAM e judA ja upayoga mATe vaparAtA jovAmAM Ave che. paththarona ImAratI upayoga jANItuM che, paraMtu cUnAmAM jespara jevA paththaronI nAnI nAnI kaTakIo besADIne enI madadathI bhAto upajAvavAno prayAsa thato dekhAya che. A prayAsa ApaNe tyAM romanI jema vizALa pAyA para

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10). salatanata kAla [, dekhAto nathI, paNa 19mI sadInI masjidanA avazeSomAM e jovAmAM AvyA che e nedhavAnI jarUra che. jesparanA jevA kArneliyana akIka ityAdi jAtanA paththarone ghareNAM banAvavAno bIjA kolenI mAphaka A kAlamAM paNa upayoga cate hevAnA pUratA purAvA che. A kAlamAM kAliyananI lAla vIMTIonA ghaNA avazeSa maLyA che. taduparAMta vividha jAtanA maNakA paNa banAvavAmAM AvatA. khaMbhAtane udyoga paNa A kAlamAM vikasyo hoya ema lAge che. paththara uparAMta dhAtune paNa sArA pramANamAM upayoga thato. A kAlamAM lekhaMDanI kAcI dhAtumAMthI lokhaMDa gALIne emAMthI imAratAnA kAmamAM vaparAtAM khIlA saLiyA sAMkaLo kaDAM ItyAdi sAdhane tathA kAtara seya tema vividha jAtanI rIo jevAM gharavaparAzanAM sAdhano temaja kaDAyA, nagArAM mATenAM bekhAM ItyAdi vastuo banAvelI jovAmAM Ave che. yuddha mATenAM talavAra tIra bhAlA vagere lakhaMDanAM banelAM sAdhana paNa maLI Ave che. lakhaMDanI mAphaka, paNa enA karatAM ochI mAtrAmAM tAMbAnI vastuo maLe che temAM vIMTI, paganA vIMTaLA, baMgaDIo temaja thALIo kaDIo sevA LiyA vagere vastuo maLI Ave che. tAMbAnI temaja tAMbAmizrita dhAtunI mUtio mudrAo Adi paNa maLI AvI che. A baMne dhAtuonA pramANamAM bahu ochI mAtrAmAM cAMdInI vastuo dekhAya che ane enA karatAM ochA pramANamAM senAnI vastuo hevAnuM anumAna thaI zake che. cAMdInI tathA senAnI madhyakALanI mudrAo mahero vagere dekhAtI hoI A dhAtuone vaparAza sapaSTa thAya che, paraMtu ene sAhityamAM AvatAM ayuktipUrNa varNane jeTalo bhArI viparAza nahi hoya ema lAge che. dhAtunI mAphaka judA judA pArthone gALIne banAvavAmAM AvatA kAcanA udyoganA purAvA kapaDavaMja, nagarA jevAM sthaLoethI maLI Ave che ane thoDA kAcanA kakaDA cAMpAneramAMthI maLyA che. A kAlamAM kAcanI ekaraMgI ane bahuraMgI baMgaDIo banatI. keTalIka baMgaDIo sAdI rahetI, jyAre keTalIkanI upara nAnAM nAnAM TapakAM mUkIne ene hAlanA kaMkaNa jevI banAvavAmAM AvatI. A baMgaDIonA vaparAzane lIdhe zaMkhavala banAvavAne dhaMdhe baMdha paDI gayo hato. kAcanAM hAMDI jhummara tathA nAnAMmoTAM vAsaNonA ullekha jovAmAM Ave che, paraMtu enA namUnA ukhanana ke sthaLa tapAsamAM maLyA nathI.

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14muM] sthaLa tapAsa ane ukhanana dvArA maLelI mAhitI 411 kAgaLa ane lAkaDuM A kAlanAM kAgaLanAM ghaNAM pustaka judA judA jJAnabhaMDAromAM sacavAyelAM che. e pustaka sAdAM tathA sacitra che. saMskRta-prAkRta uparAMta phArasI bhASAmAM lakhAyelAM pustakonI suMdara nakalo aritatva dharAve che. A pustakonI sAthe ene sAcavavAnA dAbaDA, e mUkavA mATenAM sAdhana ityAdi paikI meMDaka A kalanAM che ane ene saMgraha karavAnI pravRtti dekhAya che. A kAlanA kAgaLonI sAthe keTalAka rukkA kApaDa para lakhelA dekhAya che. lAkaDAne pracura pramANamAM upayoga thato, paraMtu emAMnI ghaNI kharI vastuo nAza pAmI gaI che. sarakheja jevAM rathaLoe thoDuM ghaNuM lakakaDakAma sacavAyeluM hevAnuM lAge che, paNa ene vigatavAra abhyAsa karIne ene navesarathI kAlanirNaya karavA jevo che. saltanata kAlanI saMskRtinI bhautika sAmagrImAM enAM vizALa jalAyo. hoja hamAma jevI pANInI uttama vyavasthA, koza ane zaheranI vyavasthA ityAdi ghaNI bAbate jANItI thavA lAgI che. A kAlanI bhautika saMskRtimAM bIjA kAlanI sarakhAmaNImAM sArAM tattva dAkhala thayelAM dekhAya che. AMtarika avyavasthA ane yuddhonI aneka sAhityamUlaka kathAo jANItI che, tenA keTalAka aMza nagararacanA gAmaracanA temaja gRharacanA vageremAM spaSTa thAya che, chatAM A kAlanI je bhautika saMskRti jANItI che te gujarAtamAM suvarNakAla gaNAtA kAda nI sarakhAmaNImAM ghaNAM kSetromAM UMcI kakSA darzAve che. pAdaTIpa 1. A prakaraNa cAMpAneramAM karelI tapAsa parathI taiyAra karavAmAM AvyuM che. emAMnI ghaNuM hakIkta ane prathama vAra rajU karavAmAM AvI che, paraMtu A bAbatanI vadhu carcA mATe jue- R. N. Mehta, 'Some Archaeological Remains from Baroda', Bulletin of the Baroda State Museum and Picture Gallery, Vol. IV Parts I & II; R. N. Mehta, 'Some Glimpses into Muslim material Culture in Gujarat, Archaeological finds at Baroda' - Islamic Culture, January, 1950; B. Subbarao, Baroda Through the Ages; and R. N. Mehta, Excavations at Nagara.

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prakaraNa 15 sthApatyakIya smAraka (a) nAgarika sthApatya nAgarika sthApatyamAM prAsAda grAma nagara dRga jaLAzaya udyAna vagerene samAveza karavAmAM Ave che. A kAlanAM e che smArakomAMthI keTalAMka astitva dharAve che, jenA AdhAre zAstrIya mAhitI sAthe ene sarakhAvavAnI anukULatA rahe che. A kAlamAM sthapAyelAM nagaromAMthI keTalAMka jemanAM tema (nahivata pheraphAra sAthe) astitva dharAve che ne keTalAMkamAM ghaNuM badhuM parivartana AvyuM tevA chatAM enI mukhya bhUmikA upalabdha hoI siddhAMtanA kayA AdhAre teonuM sarjana thayuM haze enI kalpanA karavAmAM khUba anukuLatA sAMpaDe che. vaLI nagaromAMthI prAsAde te nahi, paNa nagaranA keTalAka hissAnA AdhAre pathavinyAsa (road planning) ane jAtivarNAdhivAsa(allotment of areas)nI paddhatione kayAsa kADhI zakAya che. sAmAnya rIte ema jovA maLyuM che ke A kAlamAM sthapAyelAM nagaronI bhUmikA mATe bhAratIya puranizapaddhatine ja upayoga karavAmAM Avyo hato ane enA anusAra janasamAjanuM vyAvasAyika Ayojana paNa thatuM hatuM. nagaro sthApavAmAM mukhyatve rAjakIya dhArmika Arthika ke mizrA hetuo hoya che. jeno hetu tenuM Ayojana. arthAta e paribaLo nagaranA kendra arthAta pravRtti-ugamasthAnarU5 rahetAM ne nagarane vikAsa enA upara ja mukhyatve AdhAra rAkhato. nagara-Ayojana nagaranA Ayojanane "samarAMgaNa-sUtradhAra" ane "aparAjita-pRcchA" "puraniveza" kahe che. emAM saMpUrNa zAstrIya rIte nagaranuM Ayojana kema karavuM e age vigatavAra mAhitI ApI che, je mAhitIne atyAranI town

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15 su^ ] sthApatyakIya smArakA [413 planning nI paripATI sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya, ' samarAMgaNuM-sUtradhAra 'temaja 'aAjita pUrNA'mAM nagarAnA prakAra ane vyAkhyAo ApyAM che temaja nagara(pura)nA prakAra tathA AyeAjavidhi savistara samajAvyAM che.3 e siddhAMtane A kAlanAM nagare! sAthe sarakhAvatAM A nagarAnI sthApanAmAM e ja siddhAMtAnA khyAla rAkhavAmAM Avela spaSTa jaNAya che. 'aparAjita-pRhA' pazcime tu gatjhAzayA:4 eka Avazyaka aMga tarIke lakhe che. seAlaMkI kAlathI mAMDI A kAla temaja uttara kAtramAM paNa pazcima bhAratamAM A niyamane anivAya gaNIne nagarenI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI che, e uparathI tatkAlIna zAstrakAre te prakRtineA upayega kema karavA enuM saceTa jJAna haze ene khyAla Ave che, kAraNa ke pazcima taraphathI AvatA pavana pANI upara thaIne pasAra thAya teA ThaMDA thAya te nagaramAM vasatI prajAne anukULa bane. A kAraNeAthI ApaNe siddhapura vaDanagara pATaNa amadAvAda vaDAdarA temaja anya ghaNAM nagarAnI pazcimamAM nadI ke jaLAzaya anivAryarUpe joIe ke, A ja rIte jAtivarNAdhivAsanI dRSTie paNa zAstronA niyameAnuM spaSTa pAlana jovA maLe che.pa saltanata kAlamAM sthapAyela' nagarAmAM ahamadAbAda(amadAvAda) ahamadanagara(hiMmatanagara) muhammadAbAda(cAMpAnera) mustaphAbAda(jUnAgaDha) ane mahamUdAbAda(mahemadAvAda)nA vizeSa samAveza thaI zake. amadAvAda-nagara-AyeAjananI dRSTie amadAvAda kevI rIte sthapAyu' e siddhAMtA joIzuM. rAjaniveza(royal campus)nuM AyeAjana nagaranuM eka viziSTa aMga che, kAraNa ke enA para teA rAjAnI salAmatI ane sattA ba'tete AdhAra che. sAmAnya rIte evA niyama hatA ke rAjagRha( royal campus )nA daravAjAmAM pesatAM paDelAM dharmasthaLa eTale ke maMdira ( ke masjida ) Ave. enA pachI rAjAnI kacerI tema darabAra vagere Ave, tyArabAda rAjAnA mahela Ave, te cheka chelle rAjAnA aMgata mANasAnA nivAsa Ave. amadAvAdanI bhadranA rAjanivezanI AyeAjanA paNa A pramANe hAvAnA eka purAvA ahamadazAhanI masjida che ane mahelA nadInA kinAre hatA evA ullekha ghaNA maLe che. e uparathI vaccenI jagAmAM dAra haze ene paNa khyAla Ave che. A paddhatinuM anukaraNa mAMDU temaja krUttehapura sikrImAM spaSTapaNe jovA maLe che. sau prathama rAjagRDanI AyeAjanA thatI. amadAvAdanA bhadranA killAnA pAye prathama I.sa. 1411 mAM nAkhavAmAM Avye. kahevAya che ke amadAvAda pATaNanI

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414] saltanata kAla [ s. anukRtirUpe Ayojita thayuM, paraMtu hAlanuM pATaNa pAchaLathI vikaseluM pATaNa che ne jUnuM pATaNa anAvaDA gAma tarIke jANItuM che ema kahevAya che. joke pATaNanA Ayojana ane amadAvAdanA AyojanamAM sAmya ghaNuM che, paNa AjanuM pATaNa amadAvAda pahelAM vaseluM pATaNa sAbita thAya te ja pATaNanA AyAjananuM anukaraNa amadAvAdamAM thayuM kahevAya. vadhAre saMbhavita to e lAge che ke pATaNa amadAvAdanA Ayojana mujaba pAchaLathI vikaseluM heya, kAraNa ke tyAMnAM (atyAranA pATaNanA samaya karata) prAcIna sthaLa pATaNanA hAlanA Ayojana sAthe susaMgata thatAM nathI temaja sahastraliMga vagerenuM sthAna paNa hAlanA pATaNane bhAga nathI e te hakIkata che, tethI amadAvAda pATaNanA anukaraNamAM Avejita thayuM kahevuM yogya nathI. amadAvAdane bhadrane killo baMdhAvo zarU thayuM eTale prajAne vasavATa paNa zarU thayo. nadIne eka kinAro amadAvAdanI eka bhIMta banI gaI, jethI vikAsa mATe bIjI bAju ja javAnuM rahyuM. siddhAMtanI temaja upaganI daSTie rAjanA senApatie vajIra umarAvo tathA anya asaro eka bAja vase ne kAma karanAro varga bIjI bAju e rIte pahelA vibhAga killAnI jamaNI bAjue dakSiNe kSatriye Ave te rIte vo ne uttare DAbI bAjue kAma karanAre varga va. jummA marijada baMdhAtAM e vibhAga svAbhAvika rIte vepAranuM kedra banyuM. ema aSTa lAge che ke ahamadazAhanA samaya daramyAna mAtra jamAlapura ne zAhapuravALA vistAra vadhe haze, kAraNa ke e samaye amadAvAdane pharato keTa baMdhAya na hatuM, paraMtu masjidanI AsapAsa vasavATa cAlu thaye hato ne mAMDavIpura (bajAra vistAra) zarU thayuM haze. arthAta ahamadazAhanA samaya daramyAna amadAvAdane viratAra "daMDaka prakArano thayo hoya ema vadhu lAge che. alabatta AyejanA to zaherane "kAmuka arthAta dhanuSa' prakAranuM banAvavAnI ke "caturastra' banAvavAnI haze. rastAnI AjanA parathI kadAca "caturastrInI vadhAre haze ema lAge che, paraMtu e enA jIvana daramyAna saphaLa na thaI zakI. mahamUda begaDAe zaherane vikasAvavA senApatione sevAnI kadararUpe jamIna ApI judAM judAM pura vikasAvavAnuM saMpyuM, jene pariNAme eka navuM kedragAmI purAnuM nagara thayuM (paTTa 6). svAbhAvika rIte ja badhAnuM kendra bhadrane kile hato. eTale vyavasthita rUpe zAhapuranI zaheranI rekhAthI jamAlapuranI zaheranI rekhA sudhImAM ardhavartulAkAre zaherane viksAvavAnI anukULatA thaI, jemAM jummA majide paNa dhArmika dra tarIke sAro bhAga bhajavyuM. A vasavATa gheDA ja varSomAM vadhI paDatAM mahamUda

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15 muM ] sthApatyakIya smAraka [45 begaDAe koTa baMdhAvyuM. pariNAme "kAmuM ka" ane "daMDaka baMne prakAranuM mizraNa thatAM zaheranuM rUpa mizra prakAranuM banyuM, jethI pachInA itihAsakArone ene zAstrAva nagara prakAramAM mUkavAmAM muzkelI paDe che. Ama chatAM puranivezanA niyama ahIM ghaNI rIte sacavAyA che, jevA ke padavinyAsamAM prakAranA nagaramAM 17 rastA heya; e pramANe amadAvAdanA AyojanamAM mukhya rastAonI sa khyA 17 thAya che. emAM traNa daravAjA AgaLane kAlupura tarapha jato rastA niyama pramANe 24 hAtha(36 phUTa)ne che. temaja brAhmaNo pUrvamAM arthAta musalamAnanA guruo vagere moTA bhAganI A prakAranI vastI kAlupuramAM jovAmAM maLe che. temaja hiMduomAM paNa pUrvamAM rAyapura vagere ne vacalA bhAgamAM nAgaro vagerenI vastI che. uttaramAM zAhapuramAM zahe athata kAma karanAro nimna kakSAno varga, je hajIya vAdharI nAgorI ne majazI bharelo che. jamAlapuramAM kAcha munzI musipha ane umarAvo vagere ane vasyA. Ama zAstranuM anusaraNa jAtivaNuMdhivAsanA pAlanamAM dekhAI Ave che. piLAnuM astitva tema sthAna gujarAtanA bhAratanA ne jagatanA vasavATanA itihAsamAM advitIya che e atre noMdhavuM jarUrI che, kAraNa ke bIje kayAMya A prakAranA vasavATonuM sunizcita saphaLa Ayojana jovA maLatuM nathI. tethI videzI nagara-AjananA abhyAsIo pAse piLa sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, dhArmika Arthika, rAjakIya temaja nagara-Ajanane ekama tarIke abhyAsamAM viziSTa dhyAna kheMcI zakI che. "La" zabda mULa vatI mAMthI udbhavyo che. pratI- vagorI-vohi-vari--La (po). "pratolI eTale pravezadvArA viziSTa jana. samUhanA nivAsasthAnanuM pravezadvAra te tenI pratolI athavA paLa', Ama sonIonA janasamUhanuM pravezadvAra te senAnI poLa vagere. paLane janma jAtivarNAdhivAsamAM apAtA ne karAtA vibhAgIkaraNane pariNAme thAya che. piALa eTale keAI eka jJAti samUha ke dhadhAnA mANasane rahevA mATe phALavavAmAM Avato vistAra, jemAM e leke samUhamAM rahI zake. zreNIonA samayane anukULa A vibhAgIkaraNa kuTuMba ke samUhane salAmatI ne paraspara saMbaMdha Ape che. piLAno ItihAsa jotAM eNe A kAryane sArthaka karyAnA ghaNA dAkhalA che. marAThA kAlamAM A piLone daravAjA thayA ne enI meDI nirIkSaNasthAna banI, aMdaranI AyojanAmAM paNa parivartana AvyuM. ahamadanagara (hiMmatanaga2)-amadAvAdathI IDara javAnA raste AvatuM atyAranuM hiMmatanagara paNa sulatAna ahamadazAhe sthApeluM nagara che. e samane

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salatanata kAla [, enuM nAma "ahamadanagara hatuM. atyAranuM "hiMmatanagara" nAma IDaranA rAjA hiMmatasiMhe potAnA nAma parathI jUnA ahamadanagaramAM gAdI sthApI pADeluM che. ahamadanagara hAthamatInA DAbA kinAre AveluM che. enI bAMdhaNI "daMDaka prakAranI hatI ne e laMbANamAM vistareluM hatuM. pANInA saMgraha mATe nadInA kinAre 150 mITara lAMbo ne 33 mITara pahoLo kaMDa karavAmAM AvyA hatA, kAraNa ke A nadI unALAmAM sukAI jatI. zaheranuM Ayojana madhyama prakAranA nagaravALuM, 13 rastAothI vibhUSita ane eka mukhya rAjapathathI yukta hatuM ne enI sAmAnya Ajana-paddhati daMDaka'nA vidhi anusAra hatI. tyAMne zAhI vasavATa nadInA kinAre kuMDethI thoDe dUra hato. kuMDa mukhyatve havA ThaMDI karavAmAM temaja jalasaMgraha tarIke kAma Avato. tyAra pachI mahelo paDI jatAM tyAM ghaNuM pheraphAra thayA che. ahIM paNa vayine tu gAzayAna nagara-A jinano siddhAMta vyavasthita rIte amalamAM AveluM jovA maLe che. temaja jAtivarNAdhivAsanI paddhati paNa anusarAI che enI pratIti atyAre astitva dharAvatI majida ane bajAramAMya spaSTa paNe thAya che. mustaphAbAda (junAgaDha)-junAgaDha jItIne sulatAna mahamUda begaDAe tyAM navuM zahera vasAvyuM ane enuM nAma "mustaphAbAda' pADyuM. amIroe paNa makAna baMdhAvyAM tethI mustaphAbAda amadAvAdanI nakala jevuM thaI gayuM.8 moTA kAo ane saiyadone paNa vasAvyA. sulatAne pote paNa jUnAgaDhamAM rahevAnuM pasaMda karI tyAM TaMkazALa karI mustaphAbAdanA sikkA paNa paDAvyA.9 mahamUda begaDAe saMpUrNa paNe navuM-jUnAgaDhanA tatkAlIna vasavATathI dUra navI jagyAe - mustaphAbAda vasAvyuM, evuM AmAMthI spaSTa thatuM nathI, paraMtu saMbhavataH agatyanA vistAramAM jyAM pahelAM rA'mAMDalikanA Azrito tathA senApati nyAyAdhIza vagere rAjadarabArI mANase rahetA haze ne tyAMthI khAlI karI gayA haze tenI pAse athavA enI lagolaga pitAnA mANasa vasAvyA heya mahamUde bIjo koTa karAvelo te hajIya astitvamAM hoI enI pratIti karAve che. ne saMbhavataH keMdrIya jagyAe pitAnA amIrI pAse navesarathI makAna banAvaDAvyAM heya. vaLI rAjAnA nivAsanI bAjumAM pitAnA mANasene vasAvavAnI paddhati pracalita hoI Ama karyuM haze temaja enuM dazya amadAvAdanA keMdrIya vistAra jevuM arthAta amadAvAdanI nakala jevuM "tabakAte akabarI'nA lekhakane lAgyuM hoya. mahamUda amadAvAdanAM parAM vasAvavAmAM paNa pracalita bhAratIya nagaraAyojanane anusaryo hato temaja eNe pachI vasAvelAM mahemadAvAda tathA cAMpAneramAM

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15muM]. sthApatyakIya smArako [10 paNa ema ja jovA maLe che eTale rAjanivAsane prAcIna rAjanivAsanI jagAe vasAvavo muzkela nahi ja paDyo heya. mAtra rAjAnA AzritonI vastInA umerAnA kAraNe e vadhAre moTuM thayuM haze. ahIM prAcIna mahelane toDI pADavAno ke vastIne hAMkI mUkavAne kyAMya saMdarbha Avato nathI, paraMtu nagarane potAnA mANasothI vasAvI navuM nAma ApavAnuM kArya thayuM dekhAya che. alabatta rAjaprAsAda vagerenAM sthaLa anukULa jagyAe cAlu vastIthI thoDe dUra lIdhelAM dekhAya che. atyArano dIvAnaka e samayamAM amadAvAdanA mANekanI jema ja keMdrIya coka haze e spaSTa thAya che. mahemadAvAda-mahamUda begaDAe mahemadAvAda pitAnA pramodasthaLa tarIke vasAvyuM hatuM. amadAvAda karatAM kaMIka nAnuM, paraMtu kheDA je te samayanuM kedra hatuM tenI najIka hoI amadAvAda vasavATa mATe madhyamAga nagara tarIke kAma karI zake e rIte vicAra karavAmAM Avela. vAtrakanA pUrva kAMThe ene vasAvavAmAM AvyuM, jethI "aparAjita-pRcchAe varNavelA pazcime tu nArAyAne sAmAnya niyama jaLavAI rahe ane prajAne pANI upara thaIne Avato pazcimano pavana ThaMDo thaIne maLe. ahIMnI samagra nagara-AyojanA amadAvAdanI nagara-AyojanAnuM nAnuM rU5 che, tethI emAMnI jAtivarNAdhivAsa-paddhati temaja padavinyAsamAM enuM anukaraNa spaSTa dekhAya che. amadAvAdanI jema mahemadAvAdane paNa pharato keTa hatA. alabatta ene amadAvAda jeTalI ane jevA daravAjA nathI, paraMtu daravAjAnI aMdara ghaMTApatha, nagaranI vaccethI pasAra thato rAjapatha vagere amadAvAda pramANe che. uparAMta jAtivaNadhivAsanI paddhati amadAvAda jevI hoI emAM keMdramAM bajAra ne enI sAme bIjI dukAne che ane nAnA vibhAgomAM bhinna bhinna jJAtio ane dhaMdhAdArIone vasAvavAmAM AvyA che. amadAvAdamAM kAMkariyAnI pAse jema mahela hatA tema bhamariyA kUvA pAse paNa mahele vasAvyA haze ema lAge che. A kUvAnuM savistara varNana AgaLa karavAmAM Avaze. muhammadAbAda (thAMpAnera)-sulatAna mahamUda begaDAe cAMpAneranA gherA vakhate enI bAjumAM parvatanI pUrva taraphanI taLeTImAM sau prathama jummA masjida baMdhAvavI zarU karI hatI. cAMpAnera jItyA pachI IslAmano DaMko vagADavA ane bIju makkA banAvavAnI mahecchA sAthe sulatAna mahamUde tyAM muhammadAbAda sthApavAnuM nakkI karyuM. sAthe sAthe aMdaranA mahela paNa zarU karAvyA. e rAjamahelenA killAvALA samudAyane eNe "jahAMpanAha" nAma ApyuM ema "mirAte I.-5-27

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18) sattanata kA [pra. sikaMdarI' nedhe che.* muhammadAbAdanuM nagara-Ayojana svAbhAvika rIte amadAvAdanA Ayojanane anusare che, paraMtu pharaka eTale che ke amadAvAda sAbaramatI nadInA khoLAmAM che ne cAMpAnera pAvAgaDhanI taLeTInA. A prakAranA parvatanI khINamAM vasAvAtA nagarane snAruM kahevAmAM Ave che. mahamUda jevA mahAna vijetAne paNa nagarane surakSita rAkhavA keTa baMdhAve paDayo hato. nagara-AyojananI daSTie kilo ane aMdaranA rAjamahAlaya nagaranuM keMdra che. enI pAsenI jummA majida makkAnI masjidanA jevI sAta miDarAbavALI masjida che. e gujarAtanI moTAmAM moTI masijademAMnI eka che ane ene paNa amadAvAdanI jummA marijadanI peThe nagaranA keMdra tarIke upayogamAM rahe e rIte ja amadAvAdanI AyeAjana-paddhati pramANe goThavavAmAM AvI che. pavinyAsa paddhati paNa masjida pAse thaIne rAjamahAlanA mukhya daravAjA AgaLa dorI jAya che. sAmAnya Ayojana "kAmuka prakAranuM vadhu che. amIraumarAvo rAjadarabArIo vagerenA vasavATa ahIM paNa rAjamahAlayonI jamaNI bAju ja banAvavAmAM AvyA hatA ane DAbI bAju karmacArIo tema majUronA varga tathA rAjamahAlayamAM anekavidha kAma karanArAM dAsadAsIe ane sevakenA vasavATa hatA. majidanI AjubAju khullA medAnanI sAme bajAra paNa amadAvAdanA be vikasyuM hatuM. vasavATanI paddhati jAtivaNadhivAsanI zreNIbaddhatAne barAbara anusaratI jovA maLe che. rastAonuM vibhAjana ane coka cakalA ne bajAranI vyavasthA paNa aneka rIte amadAvAdanI nakalarUpa gaNI zakAya. paLa vADA vagere paNa amadAvAdanA sector-planning nI paddhatine anusare che. amadAvAdanA kATanA daravAjA karatAM cAMpAnerane ochA daravAjA hatA- pAMcathI vadhAre nahi. enuM kAraNa e che ke amadAvAdanA judA judA viratAra alaga alaga pura tarIke alaga alaga vyaktioe sthApelA hatA, jyAre muhammadAbAdanA vistAra eka samagra ekama tarIke zreNI paddhati anusAra sthapAyA hatA tethI enA mukhya cAra vistAranA cAra daravAjA ne vaccene daravAje ema pAMca mukhya daravAjA hatA. vaLI rakSaNanI dRSTie paNa ahIM vadhu daravAjA karavAnuM salAmata na hatuM. jahAMpanAhana paNa eka mukhya daravAjo hato ne bIjI cAra bAju cAra bAra gaNI zakAya tevA nAnA daravAjA rakSaNanI dRSTie hatA. vadhu vigato te cAMpAneranA sthaLa-saMzodhana(site-clearance)no ahevAla bahAra paDaze tyAre khyAlamAM Avaze. atre e noMdhavuM jarUrI che ke rAjadhAnI banavA chatAM muhammadAbAdanI vastI

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15muM ] sthApatyakIya smAraka 419 tatkAlIna ahamadAvAda jeTalI hatI ja nahi ane pAchaLathI vadhI paNa nahi. nI agatya mAtra rAjakIya kAraNone lIdhe hatI. vepAra samAja dharma ke vinimayanAM paribaLa enI bhaugolika paristhitine kAraNe ene madadarUpa na banI zakyAM. pariNAme ene vikAsa na thaI zakayo. Do. ramaNalAla mahetAnA netRtva nIce mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTInA purAtattva vibhAga taraphathI karavAmAM AvelA A nagaranA sthaLa-saMzodhananA pariNAme uparyukta hakIkato kramabaddha rIte bahAra AvI che, je samAna AyojanapaddhatinuM samarthana kare che. ema kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke mahamUdane cAMpAnera eTaluM te pasaMda paDayu hatuM ke e amadAvAdane badale moTo bhAga ahIM gALavA mAMDyo ane eNe tyAM kAmacalAu rAjadhAnI karIne TaMkazALa sthApI. 11 cAMpAnerane zahera mukarama' nAmathI navAjavuM ne "muhammadAbAda uphe cAMpAnera' evuM sikkA para lakhAvyuM paNa kharuM. mahamUdane cAMpAnerane vasavATa zaherane suMdaratAnA kAraNe thayo hoya e karatAM AjubAjunA tatkAlIna rAjAonI bhItinA kAraNe vadhu saMbhave che eNe ahIM ghaNAne vasAvyAM. A nagarane rAjadhAnI banAvavA pAchaLa IslAmano ke vagADavAnI vRtti vadhu jovA maLe che. mahamUda begaDAnA A rAjadhAnI-nagaranI sthApanA mATenI bhUmikA enI gerasa najutIne kAraNe niSphaLa gaI, kAraNa ke nagaranI sthApanA tyAM ja karavI joIe, jyAM nagarane jIvavA mATenuM piSaNa-baLa maLyA kare. amadAvAda choDI daIne ene sUbAonA hAthamAM soMpavA chatAM ane aMdara aMdaranA aneka rAjakIya vikhavAda ne saMgharSa hovA chatAM vepArane dRSTie amadAvAdanuM sthAna uttama hovAthI ne e dhorImArga para hovAthI rAjyAzraya na maLatA hovA chatAM zaherane vikAsa satata thato rahyo. jyAre muhammadAbAdane mATe enI AjubAjunAM jaMgala, vepAranI khAmI ne rAjakIya DAmADoLa sthitine kAraNe lokone paMcotera varSanI aMdara ja ene choDI devuM paDyuM, jyAre mahemadAvAda eka nAnA nagara tarIke- AnaMdadhAma tarIke vasavA chatAM e dhorImArga para AveluM hoI hajI thoDuM ghaNuM paNa mahatvanuM astitva dharAve che. | sarakheja-takAlIna nAnAM nagarono vicAra karIe to sarakheja hajI sudhI enA jUnA avazeSo sAthe astitva dharAve che. A nagara gaLInA dhaMdhA mATe jANItuM hatuM temaja yuddhakSetra paNa hatuM. moTA bhAganI amadAvAda sara karavAnI mahatvAkAMkSA ke baLavA dAbavAnI prakriyA mATe A yuddhakSetra banatuM. atyAre rAjAnI AsapAsa ghaNAM makAnanA avazeSa jovA maLe che temAM ghaNAmAM suMdara chaMTakAma, kamAna,

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salatanata mae judI judI jAtanI kamAnanI ITa ane cUnA-kITanI racanA temaja enA uparanuM uttama cUnAnuM plAsTara hajI ghaNuM makAnone jivADe che. rojA pAse jatAM pahelA jamaNI bAju eka nAnakaDuM rojA jevuM ITarI racanAnuM ghuMmaTavALuM corasa mAne che te e kAlanuM ja che. ene sthApatyanI dRSTie abhyAsa karatAM I. kAmamAM ane ghuMmaTa banAvavAmAM prApta-siddhine spaSTa khyAla AvI jAya che. keTa- kilA amadAvAdano bhadranA killA tarIke oLakhAto rAjagaDha ahamadazAhanA samaye eka nAnA nagara je hato ne be bAju vasavATathI tema pazcime nadIthI surakSita hate. enA daravAjA hajI sudhI nAmamAM ke hakIkate astitva dharAve che. 12 A kille I.sa. 1419 mAM pUro thayo haze. A killAne satata saMdharSane kAraNe ghaNI vAra samarAvavo paDyo che, jenA ghaNuM atihAsika purAvA che. kilAnA badhA daravAja astitva dharAvatA nathI. hAla bhadranA daravAjA tarIke oLakhAtA daravAjAmAM paNa TAvaranI nIcene daravAjo che te asala daravAje che. jyAre bahArane bhadrakALInI bAjuno daravAjo akabaranA samayamAM thayela che. paraMtu amadAvAda zaherane pharato koTa (paTTa 6) mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM thayo e joyuM. A kaTane kula 18 daravAjA hatA ema kahevAya che. emAM 15 meTA ne traNa nAnA (bArI gaNAya che te). emAMthI navA bene bAda karIe to 13 rahe. emAMthI thoDA have smAraka rUpe che. daravAjA patharanI kamAnavALA che, vaLI keTanI dIvAle ITa cUne ne kyAMka kyAMka paththarathI caNelI hatI. have e badhI kADhI nAkhI che. bAMdhakAma A kAlanA bAMdhakAmanI viziSTatA e che ke makAne kilA ke koTa saMpUrNa paNe patharanAM nahi, paraMtu mizra prakAranA padArthanAM banelAM hatAM. daravAjA ke patharanI dekhAtI dIvAlamAM vaccenA bhAgamAM meTe bhAge reDAM koMkrITa ane cUne vaparAto, jyAre paththaramAM taiyAra karela nAnomoTo ghuMmaTa cUnAkoMkrITathI AcchAdita karAto ane enA para maMdiranA zikhara para hoya tevuM Amalaka mukAtuM temaja kaLaza paNa mukAto khAsa karIne kabaro ne rojA para, jyAre koTa ke killAne kAMgarA karAtA. atyAre dekhAtA kAMgarA te pAchaLanA samayanA che, paraMtu saMbhava che ke atyAranA kAMgarAono AkAra tatkAlIna kAMgarAonuM anusaraNa heya. killAnI bahAranI bAju parikhA-khAI karAtI ene khyAla elisa pulavALA bhAga parathI thoDe Ave che, paraMtu muhammadAbAdamAM killAnI AsapAsa

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15 muM ! sthApatyakIya smAraka [ ra1 khAI delI maLI che te A praNAlikAnI sAkSI pUre che. mahamUda begaDAe jUnAgaDhanA koTane pharato bIjo koTa baMdhAvyA, je hajIya astitvamAM che. tyAM paNa kubhaddInanA samayamAM thayelA khAmadhroLanA mahelenA anusaMdhAnamAM khAmadhroLa daravAje hajaya che. jUnAgaDhanI nagararacanAmAM to kaMI pheraphAra thaI zake ema na hatuM tethI mAtra ene pharato koTa karI zaherane vadhu majabUta banAvIne temAM mAnavo paDyo. pAchaLathI nAnAM nAnAM nagarone paNa koTa bAMdhavAnI paddhati cAlu rahelI jovA maLe che, jaLAzaye saltanata kAlamAM mukhya jaLAzayamAM vono samAveza thAya che temaja agatyanA viziSTa prakAranA jaLAzaya urphe snAnagRha tarIke mahemadAvAdanA mariyA kUvAne paNa smAveza thAya che. moTe bhAge vAvanI racanA dhorImArga para karavAmAM AvatI temaja gAmamAM paNa. dhorImArganI vAva jatAM-AvatAM vAhane ne mAladhArIone visAmAnuM temaja dhaMdhAnuM sthaLa banatI. saltanata kAlamAM agatyanI gaNAya tevI vAva mahamUda begaDAnA samayanI che. amadAvAdanA eka parA asAravAmAM bAI harIranI vAva che, je "dAdA harInI vAva tarIke jANItI che. bIjI aDAlajanI vAva che, je aDAlaja gAmamAM pisatAM aAve che. A baMne vAva eka rIte rASTriya dhorImArga para che. amAravAmAM A vAvanI pahelAMnA samayanI mAtA bhavAnInI vAva che. tenI racanA hiMdu ba dhakAma-paddhatine vadhu anukULa che, jemAM vAvano vistAra ochI jagyA roke ne eTalI jagyAmAM vadhu UMDANavALuM khodakAma karavAmAM Ave. mAdhAvAva gaMgAvAva rANIvAva bAyaDanI vAva ke mAtA bhavAnInI vAvane bAMdhakAmanI daSTie abhyAsa karIe to enA karatAM sahatanata kAlanI vAvanI paddhati judI ane vadhAre salAmata che. saltanata kAla pahelAMnI evI vAvamAM ochA vistAramAM vadhu UMDANanuM khodakAma rahetuM ne pagathiyAMnI paddhati paNa kuMDa prakAranI rahetI. A vAvane UMDA kuMDa kahevAmAM vAMdho na Ave. A paddhatinI eka kSati e che ke enI Teko ApanArI paththaranI bhIMta je sarakhI rIte jamInanA vividha bhAgomAM aMdara sudhI na I hoya te dharatI picI thatAM ke joradAra dharatIkaMpa thatAM pakaDa DhIlI thaI jAya ne pIThiyAM enI jagyAethI khasI jAya; pariNAme dhasI paDe. saltanata kAlanA vAva bAMdhanArAone A nabaLAIne khyAla AvI gayA hoI emaNe vAvanuM laMbANa vadhAryuM ne krame krame UMDe UtaravAnI yojanA karI. A yojanAmAM teo sau prathama ku khedI letA. pachI amuka UMcAIe pANInI sapATInI najIkanI chellAmAM chelI je

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kara) "satanata kAla (pra. 'cAI heya ne jyAMthI pANI AvatAM bAjunA kuMDamAM saMgrahAya tyAMthI pravezanuM aMtara nakkI karI vacce vacce gALA rAkhI khodakAma UMDuM utAratA jatA. eka gALAnuM khodakAma pUruM thAya, tyAM sapATa jamIna rAkhI enA para bAMdhakAma karI letA. pachIthI DhoLAvavALuM khodakAma karatA ne pagathiyAM goThavatA, rataMbho vagere jeDI detA. AjubAjunI bhIMtamAM pare UMDe sudhI javA detA ne ene TekA(bracing)thI barAbara pakaDI rAkhatA. pariNAme vAvanI laMbAI vadhatI paNa A vadhu TakAu ne javA-AvavAnI saraLatAvALI banatI. aDAlajanI ane bAI rIranI vAvamAM A suvidhA spaSTa dekhAya che. mAtA bhavAna'nI vAva-A vAva salatanata kAlanI che ke pahelAMnI e nakkI karavuM muzkela che. paraMtu A vistAramAM A vAva sahatanata kAlama to haze ja eTaluM pratIta thAya che. A vAva asAravAmAM AvelI che. e zahera vatAM pahelAMnI che ema che. barjesa mAne che. enI bAMdhaNI hakIkatamAM e bAbata puravAra paNa kare che. enuM caDANa sIdhuM hovAthI pagathiyAM sIdhAM na karatA haiDe cheTe kApIne ADA karyA che. 15 "mirAte ahamadI'mAM A vAvano ullekha che. bAMdhakAmanI daSTie jotAM A bAMdhakAma zaheranI sthApanA pahelAMnuM ja che e enI racanApaddhati ne bAMdhakAma jotAM lAge che. e samaya saMbhavata: I sa.nI 14mI sadI hoI zake, kAraNa ke pagathiyAmAM moDherAnA kuMDa karatAM vadhAre bedarakArI che, joke paddhati te enI e che. vaLI thAMbhalA ane keTaluMka kotarakAma paNa pachInuM che, jethI e 14 mI sadInI havAne vadhu saMbhava che. bAI harIranI vAva-mAtA bhavAnInI vAvathI thoDe dUra "dAdA harInI vAva'nA nAme jANItI A vAva AvelI che. ene mahamUda begaDAnA aMtaHpuranI sarvAdhikAriNI harIra nAmanI bAIe baMdhAvelI che evuM enA zilAlekhamAM jaNAveluM che. A vAva amadAvAda zaheranI IzAne vi.saM. 1556 nA pauSa sudi 13 ne semavAre (15 nA Disembara, 1499) harIrapuramAM 3,19,000 mahamUdI khacane baMdhAvI che e paNa lekhamAM jaNAvyuM che. A uparathI harIrapuranuM tAnuM astitva ke pachI mAtA bhavAnInI vAvavALA gAmane nAmapalaTo samajAya che. A vAva hiMdu sthapatie bAMdhI che ne e musalamAna amaladAranI dekharekha nIce bAMdhI che. lekhamAM ApelAM vApI-nirmAtAonAM nAmo parathI A kalanA bAMghakAmanA sthapatio moTe bhAge hiMdu havA vize saMbhAvanA karI zakAya che. ahI A prakAranuM kArya satata cAlu raheluM hovAthI temaja kArIgarImAM koI jAtibhedane sthAna na hoI ama bane e svAbhAvika che. vAvanI laMbAI 2415" che. aMdaranA

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15 suI sthApatyakIya smArake kira3 maMDapa 16'nA che. aSTakoNa kUvAne rasa bhAga 24ne che. maMDapa UMcA nathI. sAdA thAMbhalA che. dareka khaDamAM majidanI jema gokha mUkelA che. vAva kataraNIthI pUrNa che. cheka pANI sudhI jatI be nAnI goLa cakrAkAra sIDIo che. besavAnuM kakSAsana suMdara rIte kareluM che. vAvanA bAMdhakAmanI yojanAmAM mukhya pada (ekama) thAbhalAnI besaNIne vistAra che. enA AdhAre 2, 3, 4 guNAkAramAM jagyA khAlI rAkhI che, tethI ene skela khUba ja manamohaka bane che. vaLI UMcAImAM paNa A ja padane guNAkAra upayogamAM lIdho che, jenA kAraNe samagra vAvanuM Ayojana saraLa chatAM sapramANa bane che. pagathiyAnuM mApa paNa UMcAImAM A padanAthI adhuM ane ene sapATa bhAga 2 pada jeTalo Ama khUba ja vyavasthita che. . bI. A vAvane bhadrA" jAtanI vAva kahI che. 17 aDAlajanI vAva(paTTa 7)-amadAvAdathI 18 kilomITara dUra mahesANA javAnA rASTriya dhorI mArga najIka A vAva AvelI che. emAM traNa bAjuthI pravezI zakAya che, e batAve che ke tyAM AvavAnA traNa rastA haze, jethI dareka rastA rapha enuM mukha kareluM che. satanata kAlanI vAvanI AjanAmAM hiMdu zAstrono AdhAra jarUra che, paNa enI nakala nathI. aDAlajanI vAvamAM vacce rerAne maMDapa che. enA upara ghuMmaTa hovAno saMbhava che. maMDapanI bAjumAMnA jharUkhA emAM besI jatA-AvatAne nihALavA mATenI uttama bArI jevA che. A vAva asAdhAraNa suMdara rIte zaNagArelI che. vAvanA gokha paNa kataraNIvALA che. emAM kaMIka aMze samAjajIvana rajU kareluM che. navagraha palaMga pANI kamaLAkRti vagere aneka hiMdu pratIka emAM katarelAM che. vAvanI laMbAI 251' che. cheDe bane bAju cakrAkAra sIDIo che, je cheka pANI sudhI laI jAya che. e parathI pANInI sapATI kayAMsudhI sAmAnyapaNe rahetI haze e jANI zakAya che. vAvanA lekhamAM jaNAvyA mujaba A vAva saM. 1555 mAM sulatAna mahamUdanA rAjyamAM daMDAhInA vAghelA rAjA mokalasiMhanA vaMzaja virasiMhanI patnI rUDadevIe potAnA patinA puNyArthe karAvI hatI ne enA nirmANanuM kharca 5.00,111 DhaMkA thayuM hatuM.18 A vAvanI racanAmAM paNa sapramANatA AvavAnuM kAraNa emAM vAparela taMbhonI besaNunA kadanuM pada che. emAM 1, 2, 3, 4 nI gaNatarInA AdhAre AjanA thayelI che. khUbI to e che ke bhIMtamAM mUkelA paththara paNa nizcita skelanA ne mApanA che, jethI AkhIya vAvanI AyeAjanA ekadama pUrNa ane samAyukta bane che. vAvamAM jene kUTa ke kaThA kahIe chIe tene khyAla A vAvamAM rAkhavAmAM AvatI rahetI-khAlI jagAnA AdhAre gaNAto hoya che. vAvanA mALane AdhAra te keTalI UMDI jAya che tenA pramANamAM hoya che. salatanata kAla pahelAMnI vAvamAM

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424] saltanata kAle svAbhAvika vadhAre mALa rahetA, jyAre A kAlamAM laMbe praratAra vadhAre hoI e pramANamAM chIcharI ne ochA mALavALI bane che. chatAM ahI racanAmAM sArI evI ekasAI rakhAyAnA kAraNe e salAmata rahI che. pagathiyAM joDatAM paNa pagathiyAMne aMta-bhAga sIdhe na rAkhatAM khAMcAvALo rAkhyo che, jethI dharatIkaMpa ke bIjA koI dabANathI eka paNa bhAga AgaLa na AvI zake. mahemadAvAdane bhamariye kUve (pada 8)-kheDA jillAmAM kheDAthI 11 kilomITara dUra mahemadAvAdamAM Avela A kUvAnuM gujarAtanA nAgarika sthApatyamAM aneka rIte viziSTa sthAna gaNAvuM joIe. A kUvAnI racanAmAM zailagrahanI paddhati ne bAMdhakAma paddhati baMneno upayoga thayo che. kUve paththara temaja ITane upayoga karI tathA kotarIne banAveluM che. emAM nAhavAnA khaMDe che ne kUvAmAMthI pagathiyAM dvArA upara pANI lAvavAnI vyavasthA che. kUvAne kAMThe aSTa koNa che ane enI uparathI nIcenA mALe UtaravA mATe cAra sIDIo karI che. nIcalA bhajale cAra dizAmAM cAra laMbacorasa moTA khaMDa ane cAra khUNA mAM cAra nAnA khaMDa karelA che. A majalethI pANI sudhI UtaravA mATe goLa pharatI cAra sIDIo karelI che. A kUvo hamAmakhAnAne bhAga bhajave che ne ArAmagAhane paNa. enI AjubAjunuM udyAna manoraMjana-sthaLa tarIke vaparAtuM. AnaMdadhAma tarIke upayogamAM levAmAM AvatA A kUvAnI racanA sthApatyane eka namUna che ema avazya kahI zakAya. aMtaHpuranI ekAMta, garamImAMthI bacavA snAna ke zayana ane ArAmane AnaMda A kUvAnA mahAlayamAM labhya che. traNa mALanI A imArata savizeSapaNe satanata kAlanI e siddhinuM pradAna kare che.. dhabakAnuM khAnasarovara-amadAvAdathI 40 kilomITara dUra joLakAmAM khAnamajidanI pAchaLa AveluM khAnasarovara satanata kAlanI anupama siddhi che. enI racanA sAdI hovA chatAM dhoLakAne pANI pUruM pADavAmAM Aja sudhI eno phALo che. mahamUda begaDAnA senApatinA nAma parathI "khAna masjida"ne khAna sarovara' nAma paDayuM che. A sarovaramAM vacce chatrI ne ArAmagAhanI jagA haze ema lAge che. sarakhejanA mahele ane savara-sarakhejamAM rajAnI ne masjidanI pAchaLa AvelA sarovaranA sAmA kinAre saltanata kAlanA mahelo che. eka rIte jotAM enI baMdhaNI para videzI asara nathI, paraMtu jharUkhA ane jALIothI sajja hiMdu mahelanuM punarAvartana mAtra che. sarovaranI pAse hovAthI mukhyatve A AnaMdapramoda mATenA mahela hatA ema mAnI zakAya. vaLI enI racanAmAM ITa ane koMkrITane e che

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5 muM) sthApatyakIya smAra [425 upayoga thayo che ne paththaranI bAMdhaNI pUrvakAlIna che. vizeSatA e che ke enI nIcethI ghoDAone sIdhA sarovaramAM pANI pIvA laI javAnI vyavasthA che. sarovaramAM UtaravAnAM pagathiyAM uparAMta Dhorane ke prANIone UtaravAnA DhALa banAvelA che. sarovaramAM pANInA praveza mATe traNa suMdara nAnAM banAvelAM che, jemAM heDImAM besIne karI zakAya che. emAM AvatuM pANI kacaro bahAra rAkhIne Ave tevI gALavAnI jALInI bhejanA paNa che. sarovaranI vacce ArAma mATe chatrI haze te khyAla vacce AvelI UMcI jamIna parathI Ave che. sarovaramAM UtaravAnAM pagathiyAM bahu vyavasthita che ne sarovamAMnuM vadhArAnuM pANI bahAra kADhI nAkhavAnI yojanA paNa che. kAMkariyA ane khAmadhroLanA mahela- sulatAna kubuddInanA samayamAM amadAvAdamAM heja-I-kuba athavA kAMkariyA ane khAmadhroLanA mahelanI racanA thaI. emAM kAMkariyAmAM pANInA pravezanAM nALAM, sarakhejanAM nALAMnI jema jALIvALAM che. kAMkariyAnI pALa vagere vadhu vyavasthita che. emAM eka vacce sudhI jaI zakAya te mATe pula jevuM banAvI tyAM udyAna banAvyuM che, je nagInAvADInA nAme jANItuM che. A atyAre to sahelANIonuM dhAma che paraMtu eka samaye tyAM rAja kuTuMba AnaMdapramoda karatAM hatAM. (A) hevAla sahatanata kALa daramyAna eka bAju mUrtibhaMjakanA hAthe keTalAka prasiddha devAlano nAza thaye, to bIjI bAju emAMnAM ghaNAM maMdiranuM punarnirmANa paNa thayuM. vaLI keTalAMka navAM devAlaya paNa baMdhAyAM, abhilekhamAM ane kyAreka sAhityamAM A kAlamAM nirmANa athavA punanirmANa pAmelAM aneka devAlayanA ullekha Ave che. emAMnAM keTalAMka kALabaLe nAmazeSa thayAM che, to bIjAM keTalAMka e sthaLoe jUnA nAme mejUda rahyAM che, paraMtu jIrNoddhAramAM tenuM sthApatyakIya svarUpa sAva badalAI gayuM hoya che. ulikhita devAlayo A kAlanAM devAlayanA upalabdha ullekha mukhyatve A pramANe che : vi. saM. 1366(I.sa. 1309-10)mAM khaMbhAtamAM a5khAnanA samayamAM UkezavaMzanA zAha jesale ajitadeva tIrthaMkaranuM maMdira baMdhAvyuM. eNe pATaNamAM zAMtinAthanuM caitya baMdhAvyuM. bera(tA. vijApura, ji. mahesANA)mAM vi.saM. 1367( I.sa. 1311)mAM. pezvara mahAdevanA maMdirano jIrNoddhAra thayo.

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saMktanata kAla vi.saM. 1368(I.sa. 1913)mAM zatru jaya paranuM AdinAtha maMdira aNahilavADanA samarAzAha dvArA jIrNoddhAra pAmyuM. emAM mULanAyakanI navI pratimAnI pratiSThA vi saM. 1371(I.sa. 1315)mAM thaI. - vi.saM. 136 (I.sa. 1312-13)mAM Abu parvata uparanAM vimalazAha tathA tejapAlanAM maMdirone muslimoe nAza karyo hato. vi saM. 1378(I.sa. 1322) maMDeranA vIjaDa lAliga vageree vimalavasahIne samarAvI ane saMghavI pethaDe luNasiMharasahIne samAvI. pethaDe cArUpa (tA. pATaNa) ane dhULakAmAM paNa jaina maMdira baMdhAvelAM. cUDAsamA rAjA mahIpAla ja thAnA rAjyakAla( vi.saM. 1764-87)mAM vayara saMhe giranAra paranuM neminAthanuM maMdira baMdhAvyuM. vi.saM. 1432 (Isa 1376)mAM bUTaka lAkhanA putra siMhe thAnamAM sUryamaMdira baMdhAvyuM. maMdirane aneka vAra jIrNoddhAra thayo che ne enuM asala svarU5 lupta thaI gayuM che. dholeja(ji. jUnAgaDha)nuM sUryamaMdira prabhAsanA vAjA rAjA bhameM vi saM. 1437(I.sa. 1380)mAM samarAvyuM. ayodhyAnA rAjaputa khUe aNahilapura pATaNamAM vi.saM. 1447-zaka varSa 1313(Isa. 1391)mAM AhaDezvara mahAdevanA maMdirane jIrNoddhAra karAvyuM. seminAtha pATaNa(ji junAgaDha)mAM saMgamezvaranuM maMdira vi.saM. 1448(I.sa. 1392)mAM baMdhAyuM, e hAla nAmazeSa che. kherAsA(ji. jUnAgaDha)mAM vi.saM. 144pa(I.sa.1389)mAM makavANA male suryamaMdira samarAvyuM. vAghelA rAjA zivarAje vi. sa. 1455( I.sa. 1399)mAM tyAM zivAlaya baMdhAveluM. A maMdire hAla nAmazeSa che. mULa mAdhavapuramAM revatIkuMDa pAse balarAma-revatInuM maMdira hatuM te kSatriya rAjA kuMvara pole-kumArapAle samarAveluM. lekha apUrNa heIemAM maMdiranarmANane samaya naidhA nathI. cAMda ane tilakavADA gAmanI vacce jiyora (ji. vaDodarA) pAse kuMbhezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira AveluM che. ene jIrNoddhAra nAMdedanA rAjA udayasiMhanA saciva govardhane vi.saM. 1463(I.sa. 1407)mAM karAvyA. guNaThA(tA. nAMdeja, ji. bharUca)mAMnuM zivAlaya zaktisiMhanA rAjyakAla daramyAna vi saM. 1474(I.sa. 1418)mAM vIjee baMdhAvyuM hatuM.

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15muM] sthApatyakIya smArake [427 saMdhavI gAviMde tAraMgA paranA ajitanAtha maMdirano jIrNoddhAra karAvIne vi.saM. 1479(I.sa. 14rara-ra3)mAM navI mUrti padharAvI. Abu-delavADAmAM saMdhavI goviMda vi.saM. 1494(I. sa. 1437-38)mAM digaMbara jaina maMdira baMdhAvyuM. giranAra paranuM saMgrAmasiMha senInuM maMdira vi.saM. 1502-1517 (I.sa. 1446-61) daramyAna saMgrAmasiMhe samarAveluM. vi.saM. 1509(I.sa. 1453)mAM khaMbhAtanA sANarAje giranAra para vimalanAthanuM maMdira baMdhAvyuM. A maMdira nAmazeSa che. giranAra paranuM lakSmatilaka maMdira narapAla saMdhavIe vi.saM. 1511(I.sa. 1455)mAM baMdhAveluM. vi.saM. 15ra4 (I.sa. 14 68 mAM giranAra paranuM aMbAjI mAtAnuM maMdira zreSThI sAmale samarAvI ene jIrNoddhAra karela. sulatAna mahamUda begaDAnA maMtrI gadArAje (vi.saM. 1525) sejitrA(tA. peTalAda, ji. kheDAmAM AdinAthanuM maMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM. hAla A maMdira vidyamAna nathI. vasaI(tA. vijApura, ji. mahesANA)nuM nIlakaMThezvara maMdira tyAMnA roNaka paTele vi.saM. 15ra 5-ka varSa 139 (Isa. 1468)mAM baMdhAveluM. vi.saM 15ra7(I.sa 14 91)mAM aNahilapuranA khImasiMha ane sahasAe pAvAgaDha para jaina maMdira baMdhAveluM. e asAmAM khaMbhAtamAM zreSTha godhAe jaina madira baMdhAveluM. e hAla mejUda rahyuM nathI. vi.saM. 153 (I.sa. 1474)mAM coravADamAM pArzvana thanuM maMdira baMdhAyuM hatuM. hAla e nAmazeSa che. e arasAmAM IDaramAM zeTha Izvara senAe jene maMdira baMdhAveluM. jhAlA rAjA bhImanA samayamAM vi.saM. 1531(I.sa. 1474-75)mAM mahetA harapAle khAMbhaDA(tA. dhrAMgadhrA, ji. sureMdranagara)mAM gaNapatinI derI karAvI. vi saM. 1535 (I.sa. 149)mAM cANasmAmAM zeTha ravicaMde bheTavA paN. nAthanuM maMdira samarAvyuM. meTI dAu(ji. mahesANA)mAM bhavAnIzvara mahAdevanuM maMdira che, e vi saM. 1565(I.sa. 1509)mAM baMdhAyuM hatuM.

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4ra8] saltanata kAla mevADanA rAjA ratanasiMhanA mahAmAtya karmazAe zatruMjayanI yAtrA samaye vi.saM. 1587 I. sa. 1531)mAM tyAM puMDarIka svAmInA maMdirano sAtamo uddhAra karAvyo temaja samarazAnA AdinAtha maMdirane paNa jIrNoddhAra karAvyo, vaLI cazvarI devInuM maMdira paNa samarAvyuM. hAmapara(ji. surendranagara)nuM zivama dira jitamAla selaMkIe vi.saM. 1588(I.sa. 1532)mAM samarAvyuM hatuM. amadAvAdanI jhaverIvADamAM AveluM jagavallabha pArzvanAthanuM derAsara vi.saM. 1600 (I.sa. 1544)ne sumAramAM samAvAyuM jaNAya che. enAM eTalAM badhAM punanirmANa thayAM che ke enuM asala svarUpa kaLavuM muzkela che. UMjhA (ji. mahesANA)nuM kaMyunAtha maMdira e varSe baMdhAyuM hatuM. enuM paNa asala svarUpa jaLavAI rahyuM nathI. zatru jaya paranuM gaMdhAriyA comukhajInuM maMdira vi.saM. 16ra0( I.sa. 1564) mAM baMdhAyuM lAge che. jAmanagaranuM zAMtinAtha derAsara zeTha teja siMhe e varSe baMdhAvavA mAMDeluM; enuM asala svarUpa jaLavAyuM nathI. vi.saM. 1622 (I.sa. 1565)mAM pudagAma(tA.visanagara, ji. mahesANA) siddhezvara mahAdevanA maMdiranuM saMskaraNa thayuM hatuM. e varSa dahIsarA (ji. rAjakoTa)mAM jAmazrI karaNajInI patnIe dhIMgaDamallanuM maMdira baMdhAvelu. vi.saM. 1627(I.sa. 1571)mAM dhoLakAmAM raNaka nAme brAhmaNe raNakezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM. hAla e maMdira nA zeSa che. noMdhapAtra vidyamAna devAla upara jaNAvelAM devAlaye paikI keTalAMka adyaparyata vidyamAna che. emAMnAM keTalAMkanuM mULa sthApatyakIya svarUpa jaLavAI rahyuM che, jyAre bIjA keTalAMkanuM mULa svarUpa enAM punarnimAMNomAM sadaMtara badalAI gayuM che. e kAlanAM vidyamAna devAlayanA asala svarUpa parathI mAlUma paDe che ke saltanata kALa daramyAna baMdhAyelAM moTAMnAnAM devAlayomAM mukhyataH selaMkI kAlanA sthApatya-svarUpane anusaravAmAM AvatuM hatuM, jyAre emAM keTalIka vAra kaMI pheraphAra paNa karavAmAM Avate hato. A prakAranA sthApatyasvarUpa parathI, abhilekha ke sAhityanA AdhAre jene cokkasa nimaNa-samaya jANavA maLyo nathI tevAM keTalAMka devAlaya paNa A kAla daramyAna baMdhAyAM hovAnuM jaNAya che. A baMne prakAranAM devAlayamAMnAM nedhapAtra devAlaya nIce pramANe che :

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15 muM]. sthApatyakaya smAraka Abu-delavADAnI vimalavasahI tathA lUNasiMhavasahInA punanirmita mULagabhArA ane gUDhamaMDapano aMdarane bhAga sAde che, jyAre mULa nava cokIo raMgamaMDapa ane bhamatInI dorIomAM caulukyakAlIna zilpalAnuM saudarya najare paDe che, vimalasahInA gUDhamaMDapamAM vIjaDanAM mAtApitAnI tathA lAliganAM mAtApitAnI pratimAo mUkelI che. * prabhAsanA suprasiddha somanAtha maMdirano cUDAsamA rAjA mahopAla 4 thAe (Isa. 1308-1325) tathA enA putra kheMgAra 4thAe (I.sa. 1325-1351) jIrNoddhAra karyo hato. 21 triveNI samIpanI bhekhaDa para AveluM prabhAsa pATaNanuM pUrvAbhimukha sUrya maMdira (5TTa 9, A. ra1) garbhagRha pradakSiNA patha aMtarAla gUDhamaMDapa ane zRMgAracekInuM baneluM che. maMdiranI pIThamAM azvatharanI keraNI hevAnA kAraNe A maMdira 14 mI sadImAM baMdhAyuM hovAnuM manAyuM che 22 zRMgArakInI racanAnI apramANutA paNa A maMdira pAchalA kelanuM hevAnA matane samarthana Ape che. garbhagRhanI dvArazAkhAnA lalATabiMbamAM gaNezanuM zilpa che tathA etaraMga para navagrahane pATa che. garbhagRhamAM hAla pAchalA kAlanI sUryanI nAnI mUrti che, jyAre enI mULa pratimA sthAnika myujhiyamamAM che. maMDovaranA bhadragavAkSamAM lakSmInArAyaNa, zivapArvatI ane brahmA-sarasvatInI yugala-pratimAo che. pIThanA kuMbhAmAM gavAkSasthita devadevIonAM zilpa katarelAM che. jadhAnA bhadragavAkSonI baMne bAjue kyAMka kyAMka nartakIonAM zilpa jaLavAI rahyAM che. mukhya zikhara nIcenA prastAratharanA darzanIya bhAgamAM sUryanI mUtio kotarelI che. zRMgArakI nI uparanI racanA nAnA kadanA zikharane maLatI Ave che. AvI racanA anyatra jovA maLatI nathI.23 prabhAsa pAse hiraNa(hiraNyA)nA kAMThe AvelA nagaranA prAcIna TIMbAnA pUrva che. paNa eka sUryamaMdira (paTTa 9, A. 22) AveluM che. A maMdira pazcimAbhimukha che. emAM garbhagRha pradakSiNApatha gUDhamaMDapa ane mukhamaMDapa paNa che. zikharanI mUlamaMjarIne bhAga paDI gayA che ne maMDapanAM sAmaraNa pUrepUrAM naSTa thaI gayAM che. garbhagRhanA bhagavAkSamAM sUryanI khaMDita pratimAo najare paDe che. garbhagRhanI aMdara pIThikA khAlI che. e paranI sevya sUryapratima verAvaLanA hATakezvara maMdiramAM laI gayAnuM kahevAya che. dvArazAkhAmAM navagrahanI AkRtio che. gUDhamaMDapanI dvArazAkhA paNa navagrahonI AkRtiothI zobhe che. mukhamaMDapamAM be gokhalA kaDhelA che. maMdiranI sAme eka tAraNa hatuM, enA upalA IlikAvalaNanA khaMDa hAla prabhAsanA

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satanata kAla myujhiyamamAM che. maMdira sAthe eka nAnakaDA kuMDanA thaDA avazeSa najare paDe che A maMdira 14mA zataka karatAM prAcIna jaNAtuM nathI. 24 prabhAsanI jummA masjidanI uttara pArzvanAtha maMdira avazeSarUpe bacyuM che. rapa aMdaranI bAju sArI rIte jaLavAyelI che. emAM samarasa garbhagRha, pradakSiNApatha gUDhamaMDapa ane zRMgArakI che. gUDhamaMDapa ane pravezacokI bhadrikA ghATanA taMbha para Tekavela che. maMDapanI dIvAlomAM staMbhanA gALAmAM ekeka gokhanI racanA che. garbhagRha pradakSiNApatha ane maMDapanI dIvAlamAM aMdaranI bAjue haLabaMdha garAnI racanA che. A maMdira prAya: rovIsI prakAranuM jinAlaya haze. gUDhamaMDapane madhyabhAga be majalAne che upalA majalAnI vedikA maMDapanA madhyabhAge paDe che. vedikA paranA khullA gALA jAlikA vaDe bAcchAdita karelA che, jethI havAujAsane pUrato avakAza rahe. bI majalAnI upara bevaDA chuM maTa kADhavyA che. gUDhamaMDapano pArthamArga tema pradakSiNApatha sapATa AcchAdana vaDe DhAMkelA che. garbhagRha para kaTakanI racanA che. samagra racanA. daSTie A maMdira para tatkAlIna muslima sthApatyanI sapaSTa asara varatAya che. thAna pAse Avela keDela TekarI para prAcIna sUrya maMdiranA avazeSa jovA maLe che. hAla maMdiranA garbhagRhanI dIvAlane keTaleka bhAga ja bacyA che. tyAM AvelA eka zilAlekhanA AdhAre e maMdira vi.sa. 1432( I. sa. 1776)mAM bUDa lAkhAnA putra saMhe pharIthI baMdhAvyuM hatuM. pUva bAjunI cekInI dvArazAkhAmAM tathA prAMgaNanI dIvAlamAM mULa maMdiranAM keTalAka zi95 najare paDe che. maMdirane pachInA samayamAM aneka vAra punaruddhAra thayeluM che tethI enuM mULa svarUpa lagabhaga naSTa thayuM che. garbhagRhamAM hAla je sUryamUrti che te paNa pachInA samayanI che. maMDovaranI bahAranI bAjue pazcime uttara ane dakSiNe sUrya tathA emanI be patnIonAM zilpa che ? sarotrA( ji. banAsakAMThA )mAM bAvana dhvaja' nAme oLakhAtuM jUnuM jaina maMdira (paTa 10, A. 23) che. mukhya maMdira 1664274 mI. vistRta jagatI para AveluM che. mukhya maMdirane pArle (dakSiNa) bhAga, pUrva bAjuno moTo bhAga ane naiRtya khUNAnI zilpamaMDita dIvAlane bhAga tUTI paDela che. zailInI daSTie maMdira 13 mI-14mI sadInuM manAya che. maMdira uttarAbhimukha che. AbunI vimalavasahI ane kacchanA bhadrezvara maMdiranI jema A maMdiranA prAMgaNane Agale bhAga, raMgamaMDapanI pAne bhamatInI pATa sAthe joDI daIne, chAghAnvita kare che. maMdira garbhagRha gUDhamaMDapa trikamaMDapa raMgamaMDapa bhamatI devakulikAo ane balAnanuM

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15 muM ] sthApatyakIya samArake [ 1 baneluM che. trikamaMDapamAM yakSa-yakSiNa mATe gokhanI racanA gUDhamaMDapa taraphanI dIvAlamAM karelI che. garbhagRha ane gUDhamaMDapanI bAhya dIla vakSa vakSiNIo nRtyAMganAo ane vAdakanI AkRtiodhA vibhUSita . 27 Abu-delavADAnuM pittalahara maMdira (pada 10, A. 24) vi.saM. 1373 (I.sa. 1916) ane vi.saM. 1489(I. sa. 1433)nA vacce baMdhAyuM hatuM. A maMdira gujara bhImAzAhe baMdhAvyuM hatuM ne emAM mUlanAyaka tarIke AdIzvaranI mUti padharAvI hatI. hAlanI 108 maNanI pittaLanI mUrti maMtrI sudara ane maMtrI gadAe vi.saM. 15ra 5(I.sa. 1469)mAM padharAvI che. maMdira mULa gabhAro, gUDhamaMDapa, sabhAmaMDapa ane navacokInuM baneluM che. gUDhamaMDapamAM AdIzvaranuM moTuM biMba che. raMgamaMDapa ane bhamatIne racanAnuM kAma zarUAtamAM adhUruM mUkavAmAM AvyuM hoya ema lAge che. garbhagRhanI dvArazAkhA tema etaraMgamAM kAusagna avasthAmAM UbhalA jinamUrtio kotarelI che. 28 pisinAmAM nIlakaMTha mahAdevanA maMdiramAM pAThanA sahuthI nIcalA tharathI maMDovaranA sahuthI upalA thara sudhI suMdara zi91 kaMDArelA che. garbhagRha maMDapa ane zRMgAracokI paranAM chAvaNa pachInA samayamAM samAvelAM che. garbhagRhanI dvArazAkha pacazAkhA prakAranI che. zilpa ane suzobhananI kAtarI paravA e 15mI sadInuM heya ema jaNAya che. 29 Abu-delavADAnA khara ravasahI traNa majalAnuM comukha maMdira che. dareka majale gabha gRhamAM comukha mUrti najare paDe che. maMdiramAnI ghaNI mUrtio vi.saM. 1515(1458-59)mAM saMdhI maMDAlaka tathA emanA kuTuMbIjane dvArA pratiThita thaI hatI. A ma dara delavADAnAM derAsaramAM sahuthI UMcuM che. nIcalA majale garbhagRhanI cAre bAju ekeka meTo maMDapa che. garbhagRhanI bahAranI dIvAla para dipAla vidyAdevAo ane yakSa-yakSiNIo tathA zAkabhaMjikAonI zi95kRtio AvelI che. maMdiranI caumukha pratimA pArzvanAthanI che. dareka bAjunI mUtine pharate bhavya parikara che ne mUrtinA mastaka upara navaphaNAvALA sarpanuM vitAna che. maMdiranA sta be para alaMkRta taraNa kADhelAM che." bheTAlI(ji. sAbarakAMThA) mAM sArI rIte jaLavAyeluM zivapaMcAyatana maMdira che. A maMdira samUha traNa mITara UMcI jagatI para bAMdhela che. pachItano bhAga DuMgaranI taLeTI sAthe saMlagna che. mukhya maMdira zivanuM che ne e garbhagraha aMtarAla maMDapa ane zRMgArakInuM baneluM che maMDapa ane cokI paranAM chAvaNa

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432) sahanata kara pachInA kAlanAM che, jyAre garbhagRha paranuM rekhAnvita zikhara maMdiranA samayanuM che. pATha ane maMDovaranA tharomAM devadevIo diphapAle ane apsarAonAM vividha zipa AvelAM che. maMDapanI vedikA parathI A maMdira 15 mI sadInuM heya ema lAge che. khUNuM paranAM maMdira ghaNAM alaMkRta nathI. IzAna agni naiRtya ane vAyavyanuM maMdira anukrame gaNeza rakaMda sUrya ane pArvatInuM che. emAM gaNeza ane pArvatInI mUrtio ja mULa jagyAe jaLavAI rahI che. pArvatInI mUrtinI pATalI para visaM. 1507(I.sa. 1451)ne lekha che.31 vasaI(tA. vijApura, ji. mahesANA)nuM "akhADA" athavA "pAlezvara mahAdeva" A nAme oLakhAtuM pazcimAbhimukha maMdira zikharazailIne eka suMdara namUno che. maMdira garbhagRha aMtarAla maMDapa ane zRMgAracokInuM baneluM che. maMDapamAM 20 staMbha che. maDevaramAM sArI zilpa-samRddhi che, paranuM cUnAnA lapeDAne laIne enuM saudarya DhaMkAI gayuM che. maMdiranI jagatImAM cAra khUNe cAra nAnAM maMdira heI A maMdira paMcAyatanA prakAranuM che. dvArazAkhAnA taraMgamAM vi.saM. 1701(I.sa. 1644-45)ne lekha che te ghaNuM karIne enA jIrNodvArano vRttAMta noMdhe che.32 IDaranA rAva bhANunA samaya(1pamI sadI)mAM vaDiyAvIra(ji. sAbarakAMThA)mAM baMdhAyeluM moTuM zivAlaya hAla adhuM paDI gayeluM che, AthI loko enI e bAjumAM AvelA vIranA nAnA derAne mahattva Ape che. zivAlayane aneka pAra jIrNoddhAra thayo hovA chatAM emAM keTalAka janA avazeSa jaLavAI rahyA che, je enI jAnI jAhejalAlInI jhAMkhI karAve che. garbhagRhanI zilpasamRddha dvArazAkhA moDherAnA sUryamaMdiranI dvArazAkhA sAthe ghaNuM sAmya dharAve che. vaLI e navazAkha che. maMDovaramAM devadevIo ane nRtyAMganAonAM tathA kAmarata strIpuruSanAM suMdara zilpa che. 33 pAvAgaDhanAM jainamaMdira traNa samUhamAM AvelAM che ? 1. bAvarI maMdira, ke navalakhI maMdira, 2. kAlikA mAtAnI TUMkanA agnikANu para AvelAM caMdraprabha ane supArzvanAthanAM maMdira ane 3. pArzvanAtha maMdira ane enI AjubAju AvelAM maMdira. A maMdiranuM nirmANa 14 mI-15mI sadImAM thayela lAge che, arvAcIna samArakAmothI A sarvamaMdira dekhAvamAM bagaDI gayAM che. 34 bAvanaderI-navalakhA samUhamAM hAla traNa maMdira Avela che (pada 12, A. ra7) te mULa mukhya maMdiranI uttara, pazcime ane dakSiNe AvelAM mAtra gauNa maMdira che, vaccenA mukhya maMdirane hAla te mAtra pIThabhAga jaLavAI rahyo che. pIThanA

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su. sthApatyakIya smArako [433 cetaranA ni'meAnI racanA jotAM mULa madira cAmukha prakAranuM hAya evu lAge che. maMdirane krUratA prAkAra hatA, jemAMnA mAtra pUrva balAnakanA avazeSa rahyA che. dIvAlA anekavidha mUrti zilpe| ane zilpacarAthI alaMkRta hatI. gauNu maMdira prAkAranI bahAra AvelAM hatAM te e prAyaH sta'bhAvalIo vaDe enI sAthe joDAyelAM hatAM. sarve cAkIe tathA zikharA arvAcIna che. maMdiranA staMbheAnI ghaTapallava bATanI zirAvaTI, mukhya tathA gauNu gavAkSe| paranI kamAtAnA lATa vagere lakSaNA parathI A maMdira 15mI sadInA AraMbhanAM lAge che.35 caMdraprabha ane supA tAthanAM nAnAM maMdirane krUratA paNa prAkAra hateA. e gheADAM vadhu jUnAM, prAyaH 14 mI sadInAM che, paNa 19 mI sadImAM enuM sAva putanirmANu thayu che.36 pArzvanAtha maMdiravALA samUhamAM e ma MdiranI AsapAsanA jUnA prAkArAnA keTalAka avazeSa sivAya jUnA maMdiranA kAI aMza meAjUda rahyo nathI.37 vaDanagara( ji. mahesANuA)nuM hATakezvara maMdira ( paTTa 11, A. 25-26 ) nAgarAnA ISTadeva hATakezvara mahAdevanuM mULa sthAnaka manAya che. e garbhagRha aMtarAla sabhAma`Dapa ane traNa zRMgAracAkIothI vibhUSita che. samagra 'dira zilpasamRddha che. ma`DAvara pITha ane maMDapa tathA z`gAracAkIe nI vedikA para nava graheA, dikpAlA ane devadevIonI mUrti e tathA kRSNa ane pAMDavAnA keTalAka jIvanaprasaMga kAtarela che.38 zrI, DhAMkI dhAre che ke mULa ma`dira latina (ekaz'gI) hatuM ne e mULarAje #baMdhAvelu, paraMtu maMdiranA talamAnamAMnA nimAnI racanA ane cheka zikharanI rAca sudhInI enI rekhAe A matane puSTi ApatAM nathI, madira aneka vAra navanirmANa pAmeluM che, paraMtu e 15 mI sadI pachInuM nathI.39 sAbarakAMThA jillAmAM pALeA nAme jaMgala--vistAramAM keTalAMka chaNuM prAcIna maMdira AvelAM che. A dizanI zailI anu-seAlaMkI kAlanA pracalita sthApatyanI lagabhaga ekasarakhI zailI dharAve che.40 AbhApura( vijayanagara mahAla)mAM Avela sAraNezvaranuM maMdira ( paTTa 12, A. 28) garbhagRha aMtarAla pradakSiNApatha gUDhama`Dapa tema enI be bAjunI khe zRMgAracokIe ane sabhAmaMDapanuM baneluM che. maMdira traNa majalAnuM che. maMdiranI AgaLa suMdara rIte alaMkRta karela vedI para yajJakuMDanI racanA che. maMDapA ane zRMgAraceAkI mAnA staMbha seAla kIkAlIna madirAnA taMbAthI judA paDe tevA dhATa dharAve - 28

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434] []. che. enA staMbhadaMDa cheka nIcethI upalA cheDA sudhI vRttAkAra che ane vacce vacce kaNIdAra valayAkAra rUpAMkaneAthI vibhUSita che. kuMbhI tathA zirAvaTImAM adhAmukhI pallavAnAM rUpAMkana karelAM che. garbhagRha mAMDA ane zRMgAracAkIe paranAM chAvaNu nAza pAmyAM che. maMdiranA prAMgaNamAM vi. sa. 1554 - zaka sa. 1420( I.sa. 1498)nA 'mahArAjAdhirAja zrI rAva bhANunA rAjyakAlanA pALiyA che.41 saltanata phAdha lAkheNA maMdira e jaina maMdira che. e garbhagRha ( paTTa 13, A. 29 ) aMtarAla gUDhamaMDapa trikama`Dapa sabhAmaMDapa zRMgAracAkIe ane khalAnakanuM banelu che. e be majalAnuM che. trikamaMDapa ane sabhAmaMDapa jALIo vaDe AcchAdita karelA che, A maMdiranI mUrti hAla hiMmatanagaramAM sthApI che.42 A maMdiranI najIka traNa nAnAM maMdira che te ziva lakSmI-nArAyaNu ane zaktinAM che.43 bAjumAM 'sAsunuM madira' ane 'vahunu ma Mdira' nAnAM maMdira che.44 tarIke oLakhAtAM khe lAkheNA madirathI gheADA aMtare haraNAva nadInA baMdha pAse mATu' sUryama Mdira Avelu che temAMnI sUrya mUti mATI hatI; bIjI mUrtio sAthe e mUrti paNa lupta thaI gaI che.45 Astika kenyATA mahAdevanuM maMdira pa McAyatana prakAranu che. emAMnuM mukhya maMdira (paTTa 13, A. 30) garbhagRha ane maMDapanu banelu che. maDevaramAM zivatAMDava ane varAhanAM zilpa sArI rIte jaLavAyAM che, maDapamAM keTalAka staMbha ane vedikA tema kakSAsanane bhAga jaLavAI rahyo che, paNa enuM sAmaraNa meAjUda rahyuM nathI. ga gRha paranuM zikhara paNa lupta thaI gayuM che. AsapAsanAM cAra nAnAM maMdira paNa bismAra hAlatamAM che.46 A maMdira-samUhanI AgaLa eka ka itAraNu che. pATaDAnI nIcenI tathA uparanI kamAna nAza pAmI che. bAkIne bhAga sArI rIte jaLavAyA che. sta'bhAnI kuMbhIe| tathA zirAvaTIo zilpasamRddha che. tAraNa paranA pATaDAmAM devadevIonA suMdara gavAkSa che. 47 mAbhApura pAse 'nava derAM ' athavA devata-sAvaLa gAnAM de!' tarIke oLakhAtAM madirAneA samUha AvelA che. emAMnAM keTalAMka maMdira ziva viSNu cAmuMDA ane bhairavanAM che, te eka jaina derAsara paNa che. khInna madirAnAM mukhya aMga pazu naSTa thaI gayAM che. mazinA meAjUda rahelA bhAga teenI bhavya mAMDaNI tathA zipasamRddhinA khyAla Ape che. jaina maMdira sarakhAmaNIe sArI sthitimAM che,48

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15 muM ) sthApatyaka samArake [435 (I) IslAmI sthApatya satanatakAlIna IslAmI sthApatyane paricaya meLavatAM pahelAM enA prakAre vize jANuM levuM ISTa che. IslAmI sthApatya-prakAramAM majida zreSTha che. masjida e muslimonuM namAja-sthAna che. enAM mukhya aMgamAM (1) prArthanA mATe taMbhayukta chAghavALo livAna" (maMDa5), (2) livAnanI dIvAlamAM makkAnI dizA sUcavata "miharAba" (gekha), (3) miharAbanI bAjumAM UMcuM vyAsapITha jevuM "miMbara" (jenA parathI imAma namAja paDhAve che), (4) livAnanI sAme khulle "zAnI (coka), (5) namAja pahelAM vaju (hAtha-paga dhovA) mATe zAnanI vacce ke eka bAjue "heja' ane (6) namAjanA samayanI jAherAta (bAMga) mATe UMce "minAra che. A minArA parathI pakArAtI bAMgane "ajhAna" kahe che. Idane divase namAja paDhavA mATe muslima vastI hoya tyAM "IdagAha " karavAmAM Ave che. AmAM makkAnI dizAsUcaka miharAbayukta ke sAdI dIvAla, ene aDIne eka niMbara ane dIvAlanI sAme namAja paDhavA mATe khulo cotaro ke medAna hoya che. | muslima saMte eliyAo ane nAmAMkita vyaktionI kabara para karelI ImAratane "makabara" ke daragAha' kahe che. AmAM mULa kabara jamInamAM hoya che, jyAre enI uparanA khaMDamAM eka nakalI kabara karelI hoya che. makabaro moTe bhAge cerasa tavadarzanavALI zuM maradAra imArata che. emAM kabaravALA khaMDanI cAre tarapha jALIonI manohara racanA hoya che. masjidanI sAthe makabarAne samAveza thayo hoya tevI ImAratane barAje kahevAmAM Ave che. keTalIka vAra A zabada ekalA makabarA mATe paNa vaparAya che. gujarAtamAM sattanata sthapAI e pahelAM paNa islAmI dharmasthAne ahI baMdhAyAM hovAnA purAvA maLe che. saltanatanI sthApanA thatAM ane musalamAnanI vastI vadhatAM AvazyakatA anusAra aneka islAmI bAMdhakAma thavA lAgyAM. toDI pADavAmAM AvelAM hiMdu maMdironA kATamALanA upagathI ane hiMdu zilpIonA hAthe A bAMdhakAma karAvavAmAM AvelAM hevAne laIne enA para hiMda kalAne prabhAva paDaze.50 AthI gujarAtamAM A kAla daramyAna viziSTa prakAranA islAmI thApatyane vikAsa thaze.

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vAta sAla Ayojana ane bAMdhakAma-paddhati I.sa. 1300nI AsapAsamAM muslima sattAnI sthApanAnI sAthe sAthe gujarAtanAM agatyanAM kedromAM, jyAM muslima zAsana ane vastInuM pramANa nedha. pAtra hatuM tyAM, jAmA masjidanI racanA karavAmAM AvI hatI. A kAlanI keTalIka masjidonA bAMdhakAmamAM maMdironA vividha bhAgone upayoga sIdhesIdhe karavAmAM Avelo jovA maLe che. maMdiranI racanA mATenA Avazyaka kSetraphaLa ane masjidanI racanA mATenI jagAnA Avazyaka kSetraphaLamAM taphAvata che, kAraNa ke masjida sAmudAyika prArthanAsthaLa hoI ene mATe svAbhAvika rIte vadhAre vistAranI jarUra paDe, eTale ekAda maMdiranA kATamALamAMthI eka masjida na thaI zake. kadAca nAnI masjida AkAra laI zake, paNa masjidamAM livAna miharAba siMbara e badhAM masjidanAM Avazyaka aMga samAvavAM anivArya hatAM. vaLI uparanA AchAdana mATe arabastAna ane IrAnamAM majido para moTA goLa ghuMmaTa thatA, jyAre ahIM maMdirane UMcAM zikhara thatAM hatAM. vaLI tyAMnI ane ahIMnI racanApaddhatimAM paNa taphAvata hato. ema chatAM ahIM tAtkAlika prApya sagavaDamAM maMdironA thAMbhalA, uparanAM vitAna, temaja pharasabaMdhI mATe paththara ATaluM te sIdhesIdhuM vAparI zakAya ema hatuM. vaLI bhAratanI tatkAlIna bAMdhakAmanI paddhati paNa sAdI ane paththarane eka para eka mUkIne vajanane sIdhuM jamInamAM UbhethI utAravAnI (vertical load-bearing) paddhati ane staMbhapATaDAne ekabIjA para I paNa jAtanA simenTa ke kaikITanI madada vinA khAMcA-khADA pADI joDavAnI paddhati hatI; jethI zikhara ravataMtra rahI zake te ene bhAra rastaMbha para ne dIvAla para ( heya to) sIdhesIdhe laI javAya. marijadamAM zikharano bhAga je sIdhesIdhe e ja rUpe Ave te rIte vaparAya te to ene dekhAva pAcho maMdirane maLato thaI jAya. tethI zikharanuM AkhuMya mALakhuM (structure) ema ne ema te kAma na lAge chatAM uparanA AcchAdana vinA cAle paNa nahi. tethI vacalo rasto kADhavAmAM Avyo ke zikharane upara vALo bhAga upagamAM na letAM enI aMdaranA AchAdana (covering) pUruM paDatA bhAgano upayoga karyo. A chatanA bhAgane upayoga karavAmAM prazna e thata hato ke ene uparano bhAga je zikharanA uparanA bhAganA paDanI nIce Avate hato ane jemAM kotarakAma ke sarakhAI AvelI na hatI tene kaI rIte DhAMka? kAraNa ke emane ema to e varavo lAgate ane emAM pANI pravezavAne bhaya paNa raheto. enA ukelarUpe emaNe raDAM maraDiyA ane cUnAne upayoga karIne koTa

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15 mu] sthApatyakIya smAraka 4i37 banAvyuM ke enA upara lagADayuM ane ene nIcenI chatanA AkAranA AdhAre sarakhuM rUpa ApyuM. pariNAme zuM maTanA AkAra vividha prakAranA banyA. vaLI chatanI nIcenA thAMbhalA paththaro vagerene sugrathita rAkhavA enA upara e koMkrITa pAtharavAnI paddhati paNa amalamAM AvI. maMdira paranA Amalaka ane kaLazane ghuMmaTa para sthAna apAyuM. keTalAka ghumaTonI Toca Amalaka ane kalaza vinAnI jovA maLe che, paraMtu e bUThuM hovAne kAraNe ane emAM be trijyAo maLatI hevAne kAraNe AMkhane game tevuM na thayuM, pariNAme zuM baTanI Toce Amalaka ane kalazane koMkrITanI sAthe aMdara goThavI laIne uparanA bhAgamAM aNIrUpe kADhI ene dRSTiraMjaka banAvavAne prayatna karyo (paTa 14, A. 31). e saphaLa thayA ane pachI rUDha thayo. maMdiromAMnA staMbha viziSTa mApamAM hatA. maMdirane sAmAnyapaNe pITha upara rathApita karavAnuM hovAthI thAMbhalAonI bahu UMcAI Avazyaka hatA nahi. sAmAnya rIte kuMbhInA kula nava jeTalAM mApamAM (kuMbhI sAthe) thAMbhale AvI jatA. maMdiranuM talamAna paNa ghaNe aMze staMbhanI pahoLAI ke dIvAla athavA garbhagRhanA pada upara AdhArita hatuM. vaLI vitAna chata zikhara vagerenuM mApa viziSTa parimANa paddhativALuM ane bhAratIya havAmAnane anukULa evI ochI UMcAIvALuM tathA jamIna para vadhAre laMbAIvALuM hatuM temaja mukhyatve maMdiranA asaMkhya mAnava maherAmaNa ekIsAthe UbharAya tevI kalpanAne savAla ja nahato jyAre islAmanuM AkhuMya Ayojana sAmUhika hovAne kAraNe baMdagI namAja vagere mukhyatve sAmUhika rIte ja AcarAtAM, tethI masjidanA AyojanamAM vizALa vistAranuM rokANa svAbhAvika karavAmAM thaI gayuM. maMdiranI (zikhara vagaranI) UMcAI barAbaranI masijadanI UMcAIno moTo prazna vistArane AvaravAno hato. eka ja staMbha che UcAI hevA ne enAM vistAra ane UMDANa vadhAre hoya to dekhItI rIte ja e apramANu ane aMdhAriyuM lAge temaja moTA vistAramAM patharAvavAnuM hovAthI dUrathI eTaluM badhuM nAnuM lAge ke e mahattahIna banI jAya. Ama upayogitAne kAraNe maMdiranAM badhAM aMga ema ne ema pheraphAra karyA sivAya vAparavAM zakaya nahi, paNa kaMIka pratikULa paDavAM, pariNAme uparAuparI be staMbha karIne UMcAI vadhArI ajavALuM vistAra ane dRSTiruciratA e badhA mATe mArga kADhavAmAM AvyuM. AmAM be thAMbhalAone joDavAne prazna Ubho thayo ja, paraMtu sAthe sAthe A thAMbhalA teonA mApathI bevaDAtAM jovAmAM e pAtaLA ane soTA jevA dekhAvA lAgyA. ene ukela lAvavA mATe baMne staMbha jyAM joDAya tyAM athavA te eka staMbhanI kuMbhI je ahIM uparanA thAMbhalAne aMta banatI tene upasAvelI rahevA daI

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salatanata kAla [s dRSTine asara kare tevI banAvavAmAM AvI. baMnenuM joDANa pracalita paddhatie ja eTale khADo pADI naramAdA paddhatithI goThavI devAnuM ja cAlu rahyuM. AmAM Ayojana ane majabUtInA khyAlathI kuMbhIne devavAmAM AvIpara ane pAchaLathI bevaDAvavAmAM AvI. ghaNI vAra cheka nIceno bhAga jude taiyAra karI vaparAto. hiMdu staMbhemAM mukhyatve sajIva tonAM zilpa rahetAM, jene nAbUda karI vAparavAnAM hAI katirakAma karavAne badale moTA bhAgane samaya emane sarakhI rIte nAbUda karavAmAM jato. jyAM utAvaLe bAMdhakAma karavAmAM AvyuM che tyAM ghaNI vAra A badhAM zilpane upara uparathI ghasI nAMkhI oLakhAya nahi tevAM banAvavAmAM AvyAM che, te kyAMka kayAMka e jevAM ne tevAM ja dekhAya che (paTTa 15, A. 32). zarUAtanA samayamAM Ama vadhAre banyuM che. livAnane upara ghumaTothI AcchAdita karavAnI paddhati thatAM vAra na lAgI, paraMtu dIvAlanI racanA ne majabUtI paNa samagra majidanA rUpanA anusaMdhAnamAM hevI joIe, tethI ene patharanI karI. prazna e hato ke ATalI lAMbI dIvAlanA paththara tAtkAlika lAvavA kyAMthI? maMdiranAM maMDovara jagatI vagerene sIdho upayoga thayo tyAM karyo, paNa enAthI pUrI dIvAle banI zakI nahi. bIjI bAju maMDovara para sajIva prANIonAM zilpa hovAthI e sIdhesIdhAM dIvAlamAM vaparAya nahi ane jarUriyAta karatAM AmAMthI maLatA paththara eAchA hovAthI vacalo rasto kADhavAnI pharaja paDI A dIvAla paNa hiMdu mApamAM ja ane ene anurUpa karavAnI jarUra paDI. tethI enI jADAI paNa staMbhanI kuMbhInI paheLAI anusAra ja karavI Avazyaka banI. paNa pUratA paththara na hovAthI dIvAlane bahAranA ane aMdaranA bhAgane paththarathI maDhavA ane vaccene bhAga I roDAM cUno koMkrITa vagerethI majabUta rIte pUravAnI yukti zedhI kADhI, pariNAme paththaranI taMgIne, hiMdu mApa ane dIvAlanA jarUrI sAmAnane prazna chokalI gaye. saLaMga dIvAla karavAnuM Ama saraLa banyuM, paraMtu dIvAlamAM miharAba banAvavAne prazna hato ja. je miharAbanI jagAnI pAchalI bAju saLaMga levAmAM Ave te dIvAlane AgaLano bhAga kamajora bane. vaLI sIdhI saLaMga dIvAlanA kAraNe dizAjJAnane temaja majidanA jevA agatyanA aMgane khyAla na Ave. A kAraNe dIvAlanI pAchalI bAju upasAvavAnuM jarUrI banyuM ane e mATe dIvAlanI jADAI jeTalI ja miharAbanI dIvAlenI jADAI rAkhavAnI paddhati zarU karAI. AnA kAraNe ja badhI masjidanI miharAbanI pAchalI bAju UpaselI jovA maLe che,

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15muM] sthApatyakIya samArake [429 ITanI dIvAlavALAM masjida ane rAjAmAM A kalamAM dhoLakAnI khAna majida, amadAvAdane dariyAkhAnane roje, temaja sarakheja jatAM vAsaNa pAse Avato Ajhama muAjhamano roje khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. viziSTa bAMdhakAmanI daSTie A traNe makAna AgavuM sthAna dharAve che ane e bhAratIya kamAnadAra bAMdhakAmanI paddhatine khAsa khyAla Ape che. A makAne ITa ane cUno tathA koMkrITathI banAvelAM che. emAM ghuMmaTanI racanA khAsa kamAnI paddhatinI che. emAM upara jatAM vadhu ne vadhu aMdara levAtA ane vaccenuM aMtara uttarottara ghaTADatA stara para stara caNavAnI bhAratIya paddhati (corbelling) nathI, paraMtu corasa para moTA ghumaTa racavAnI kamAnadAra paddhatinI che. Ane bhAra upADavA mATe ITAnI zakti anusAra dIvAla paNa khUba jADI karavI paDe che, kAraNa ke A bAMdhakAma khUba vajanadAra thatuM hoya che. khAna masjidanI dIvAlanI jADAI lagabhaga rapa0 mITara che, jyAre dariyAkhAnanA rejanI lagabhaga eTalI ja che, to Ajhama muAjhamanA rojAnI dIvAlanI jADAI lagabhaga be mITara che. AmAM suMdara kamAne thaI zake che ane suzobhanamAM paNa islAmI saMskRtinI keTalIka asara spaSTa jovA maLe che. moTI totiMga dIvAla upara jatAM kramazaH pAtaLI thatI jAya che. AvI dIvAlone TekA mUkavAnI ane plAsTara karavAnI anivArya AvazyaktA rahe che. saltanatakAlIna majidamAM minArAonuM bAMdhakAma khAsa dhyAnapAtra che. minArAne 1/4 bhAga dIvAlanI aMdaranI bAju hoya che, jyAre 3/4 bhAga bahAra upasAvela hoya che. dIvAla pUrI thAya tyAM sudhI minAra dIvAlanA saghana (solid) bhAgarUpe UMco jato jAya che ne dIvAlamAMthI pagathiyAM karI dIvAlanI uparanA bhAgamAMthI minArAmAM pravezavAnuM zakya banAvAya che. A minArAnA kendramAMthI bhramarI sIDI zarU karavAmAM Ave che ne minArAnuM bahAranuM paththaranuM AcchAdana je be paththaranuM baneluM hoya che tene pagathiyAM sAthe joDavAmAM Ave che eTale aMdaranA bhAganuM AcchAdana tema pagathiyAM dIvAlarUpe UMce caDe che, jyAre bahAranuM AcchAdane bahArathI mukAtA minArAnI bahAra UbhA rahevAnA jharUkhAnA TekAne sAthe le che. ene cUno-koMkrITathI vaccethI sAMdhavAmAM Ave che ane paththaronI gAMTha (tie) karavAmAM Ave che, jethI ene ekeya bhAga bahAra dhasI na paDe ane ekabIjAnI sAthe barAbara sugrathita rahe. miharAbanA rUpadarzanane vikAsa miharAba majidanuM uttamAMga ane ati mahattavane bhAga che. kAraNa ke e dizAsUcaka sthAna che temaja makkAnI dizA tarapha doranAra pratIka che, tethI

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40] saltanata kAla [. svAbhAvika rIte ja enI racanAmAM khUba kALajI levAmAM AvatI ne ene bane. teTalI asarakAraka banAvavAmAM AvatI. jayAre taiyAra paththaro ke thAMbhalAonI madadathI marijada caNAtI tyAre paNa miharAba te svataMtra rIte ja katarAto. miharAbane uparathI nIce sudhIne bhAga khUba ja samajapUrvaka vibhAjita karavAmAM AvatuM. emAM uparanA bhAgamAM jarUrI lekha paNa lakhavAmAM AvatA. chatAM miharAbanA nIcenA bhAga karatAM uparanA bhAganI dRSTikRta (visual) asara vadhu na thAya e paNa jovAnuM rahetuM. sahatanata kAlanI zarUAtamAM A pramANasaratA sacavAI nathI, kAraNa ke e vakhate islAmI ImArata A prakAre banAvavAnI paddhatine vikAsa thayo nahoto. sau prathama bharUcanI jAmI masjidamAM miharAba (paSTa 16, A. 33) A aMge dhyAna kheMce che. sAmAnyarUpe miharAbanA kamAnavALA bhAganI TacathI cheka nIcenA bhAga sudhInI UMcAIthI adhe ke enAthI ocho uparano bhAga hoya to saMvAditA jaLavAya, kAraNa ke ema na thatAM daSTi uparanA bhAga tarapha vadhAre AkarSita thavAno saMbhava rahe che. bharUcanI jAmA masjidamAM mukhya miharAbane uparano bhAga nIcenA bhAganA ardha karatAM vadhAre moTA che temaja nIcene bhAga paNa lagabhaga corasa thavA jAya che, je dazyAyojananI rIte vajanadAra ne bhAre lAge. ene nivAravAnA prayatnarUpe uparano bhAga aMdhuthI vadhAre karyo hovAnuM spaSTa dekhAya che, paraMtuM tethI te miharAbanI sapramANatAne nukasAna thayuM che. A bhUla bAjunA miharAbamAM sudhAravAne thoDAka prayatna thayo che. eno nIceno bhAga laMbacorasa karavAmAM Avyo che, ema chatAM enI caturasmatA bahu ochI thaI nathI. pariNAme uparane bhAga ardhI upara karavo paDyo che ne laMbAI lAge e mATe suzobhana paNa laMbAIne - preraka mUkyAM che. khaMbhAtanI jAmI masjidane miharAba bAMdhatI vakhate A khyAla AvI gayo che. pariNAme emAM bIjI AtyaMtiktAno upayoga karavAmAM ATha che. miharAbanA laMbacorasapaNAne ati mahattava apAtAM uparanA bhAgane jarAya mahattva apAyuM nathI. pariNAme e sAdA dvAra karatAM jarA paNa vadhAre asarakAraka thaI zakI nathI. ahIM paNa hiMdu maMdiranA prAya avazeSono upayoga na karatAM navesarathI miharAba mATe kotarakAma karavAmAM AveluM che. vaLI ene pramANamAM sAdo paNa banAvyo che. dhoLakAnI hilAlakhAna kAjInI marijadanA miharAbamAM sapramANatA sArI jaLavAI che. abhyAsa karatAM jaNAyuM che ke miharAbanI aMdaranI pahoLAIthI

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11 su'} sthApatyakIya smArakA [XXX e gaNI UMcAInA miharAba banAvavAnI paddhati pracalita haraze, bharUca khaMbhAta dheALakA cAMpAnera temaja amadAvAdanI masjidonI miharAba-racanAmAM zmA spaSTa jovA maLe che. dhoLakAnI kAjInI masjidanA miharAbanI sapramANatA enA siMhAsana AkAravALA uparanA bhAga parathI lAge che. dheALakAnI jAmI masjidanA kAla sudhI AvatAM miharAbanA uparanA bhAganI alaMkRtatAmAM pazcima bhAratIya zipa-paddhatine praveza ane hiMdu pratIkAnA upayAga svIkRta thaI zarU thaI gayelA jovA maLe che; A masjidanA miharAba ene uttama dAkhalA che. A pahelAM amadAvAdanI masjidAmAM enI zarUAta thaI cUkI hatI te ahamadazAhanI jida, jAmI masjida, rUpamatInI masjida ke rANI siprInI masjida- je che temAM ma`dire mAMnAM pracalita pratIkeAneA upayeAga chUTathI karavAnuM zarU thaI gayeluM jovA maLe che; miharAbanA rUpa namAM paNa uttama pramANasaratA jovA maLe che. cAMpAneramAMnA hirAkhamAM uparanA bhAgamAM jaina kamAna-paddhatinA cAlu upayAga amadAvAdanI jema ja jovA maLe che, paraMtu kamAnanA aMdaranA bhAgeAmAM islAmI rUpAnAM banetrAM lacIlAM (floral) suzAlanenA sArA upayAga karavAmAM AvyA che. dheALakAnI khAna masjidamAM saMpUrNapaNe islAmI prakRtirUpeAnA upayoga jovA maLe che, bAkInA saltanata kAlanA badhA miharAmeAnA keMdramAM vartuLAkAra pratIka temaja suvikasita kamaLa ane kuMbhanAM pratIka islAmI sthApatya mATe navAM hovA chatAM kutUlapreraka sthAna dharAve che. sAmAnya rIte miharAba pote ja dizAnuM pratIka hAI emAM bIjuM kAMI pratIka mUkIne evaDAvavAnA ke vadhu spaSTa karavAnA prayAga gujarAta ane baMgALa sivAya bhAratanA ke jagatanA daralAnI sthApatyamAM tyAMya jovA maLateA nathI, tethI svAbhAvika rIte ja A navInatA dhyAna kheMce che. miharAbanI avakAzayukta jagAmAM AMkheAnI samAMtara rekhA karatAM thoDeka UMce pratIkAyeAjana karavAthI dhyAna krudrita karavuM saraLa paDe. Ama karavAmAM miharAbamAMnI riktatA, je AranA rUpathI saMbaddha thatI ane samAkRta (define) thatI, temAM vizvanuM vartuLAtmaka pratIka mUkI dRSTisaMbaMdhanI anukULatA karI ApI; pAchaLathI vartuLamAM kamaLanA praphulla pUrNa rUpane sthAna ApI ene prakRtine vizva sAthe ziSTa saMbaMdha paNa bAMdhI Apyo, eTaluM ja nahi, enI vicAradhArA vikasatAM kamaLa-prakRti, vartuLavizva ane amRtakuMbha-islAmanI zAzvatatA e badhAMne ahIMnI ja pazcAdbhanA AdhAre saMkalita karI cAlu pratIkamAMthI ene viziSTa sthAna ane a` ApI miharAbamAMnA keMdramAM su Mdara ane asarakAraka sthAna ApyuM. A samajavA mATe miharAbamAMnA keMdramAM mUkavAmAM AvelAM e pratIkAnA vikAsa jevA jarUrI che.

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442] satanata kAla bharUcanI masjida gujarAtamAM mejUda rahelI masjidamAM prAcInatama che. emAMnA keMdrIya miharAbamAM chatamAMnuM vartuLAkAra suzobhanarU5, jemAM kamaLanAM patra bI vagerenuM eka biMdumAMthI vikasatuM aneka rekhAomAM thaIne prasaratuM ane nayanaramya chatAM taiyAra anAyAsa prApta thayeluM pratIka mUkeluM che, tenI racanA paNa miharAbamAM jANe ke buTTo jaDo hoya e rIte khUba ja AkarSita kare te rIte karelI che, (paTTa 16, A. 33), jyAre e ja marijadanA bIjA miharAbamAM kamaLanuM praphulla pUrNa suzobhana vadhu suyojita rUpe mUkeluM che. e uparathI paNa emane artha spaSTa karavAno ane dhyAna kendrita karavAno prayatna spaSTa tarI Ave che. khaMbhAtanI jAmI marijadanA miharAbamAM e pratIka pramANamAM khUba nAnuM ane thoDuM anAkarSaka chatAM dhyAna kheMce tevA sthAne keMdramAM mUkeluM jovA maLe che. ahIM ene ghaDavAno prayatna jaNAto nathI, mAtra rUpa apAyuM che ne ene bahAranAM be bAjunAM bIjAM kANadAra vartuLethI saMbaMdhita karavAmAM AvyuM che. emanI racanAmAM jhAjhI kArIgarIne upayoga jovA maLato nathI. dhoLakAnI kAchanI masjidamAM ene chatra ApI vadhu vyavasthita rIte praphula kamaLanA suzobhanamAM sajeluM che. amadAvAdamAM ahamadazAhanI marijadamAM kedrIya miharAbamAM ene pILA-dhoLA ArasamAM vaLAkAramAM kamaLanI pAMdaDIonI sAdI bhAtathI Alekhyo che, jyAre AjubAjunA miharAbemAM kamaLa amRtakuMbha vagere sAthenA jainapratIkone upayoga karyo che. ahIMthI jANe pratIkano upayoga cAlu thato jovA maLe che ne pachInI badhI ja majidonA miharAbAmAM prayojAyo che; e cAMpAneramAM paNa jovA maLe che. masijadonAM pravezadvAra masjidanAM bAMdhakAma zarUAtamAM hiMdu maMdironA bhinna bhinna bhAgone upayoga karIne karavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. taiyAra bhAgo maLavAnA kAraNe samaya ane mahenata baMneno bacAva thate. maMdiranAM taiyAra dvArA ghaNI chUTathI lAMbA samaya sudhI upayoga cAlu rahela jovA maLe che. sau prathama bharUcanI jAmI masjidanA pravezadvAramAM maMdiranA dvArane sIdhe upayoga mAtra ene goThavI daIne kareluM jovA maLe che. thoDIka devamUrtione ghasI ke toDI nAkhI e spaSTa na dekhAya tevI banAvIne dvAra sIdhuM ja upayogamAM levAyuM che, jyAre dvArazAkhAmanI devamUrtiemAMnI ghaNI spaSTa dekhAya che. temaja taraMgamAMnI keMkanI mUrti paNa spaSTa dekhAya che. uduMbaramAM kIrtimukho jema ne tema ja rahevA dIdhAM che, jyAre baMne bAjunI dvArapALonI mUrtio toDI nAkhI che. Ama taiyAra bhAgane saraLa rIte upayoga karI lIdhuM che. khaMbhAtanI masjidamAM paNa ema ja karyuM che. dhoLakAmAMnI

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15 muM ) sthApatyakIya smArake T443 TAMkAnI masjidanA, dvAranA bhAgone yathAvata upayoga karyo che, jyAre jAmI marijadamAM navesarathI pracalita paddhatinuM e mApa-bhAgavALuM, paraMtu islAmI pratIkavALuM dvAra racavAno prayatna jovA maLe che. TAMkAnI masjidanI dvArazAkhAnI devamUrtio paNa spaSTa dekhAya che ne emAMnA tamAma dvArapALa vagere paNa dekhAya che (paTTa 15, A. 32), jyAre kIrti mukhone teDI nAkhavAmAM AvyAM che ke e tUTI gayAM che. amadAvAdamAM ahamadazAhanI masjidanuM dvAra (paTTa 20, A. 38) maMdiranA bhAgamAMthI banAveluM che, jyAre jAmI masjidamAMnAM pravezadvAra maMdiranA bhAgone upayoga karI banAvyAM che. pAchaLathI bIjI masijadomAM e rItasara anukaraNarUpe islAmI suzobhane upayoga karI ghaDavAmAM AvyAM che, jemanAM mApa ane racanApaddhati pAchalAM kAramAM anukaraNa-25 rahI che, mAtra emAMthI binajarUrI vadhu paDatuM suzobhana chuM thaI gayuM che ane mane rama bhaumitika rUpanuM bAhulya jovA maLe che. minArAone vikAsa eka rIte jotAM minAre e islAmI sthApatyanI vizeSatA che. e islAma sthApatyanuM adake ane aneruM aMga che, je IslAmI sthApatyanuM pratIka paNa che. A minArAone vikAsa gujarAtamAM tAtkAlika nathI thayuM, paraMtu raphate raphate samaja pUrvaka ene sthAna maLatuM gayuM ane eno vikAsa thato gaye. pariNAme 15 mI sadInI zarUAta sudhImAM to e suMdara bhavya ane islAmanuM uttama pratIka banIne masjida dvArA vyakta thayA. samayanI dRSTie bharUcanI masjidathI zarU karIe to emAM minArAnuM astitva ke enuM nAnuM paNa pratIka ke rU5 kyAMya e masjidamAM jovA nathI maLatuM. e uparathI tAravI zakAya ke A masjidanI racanAmAM minArAne sthAna nathI maLyuM. enA kAraNarUpe ema mAnI zakAya ke maMdironA vividha bhAgomAMthI karelI A racanAne jaldI pUrI karelI hoI emAM A umero zakya na hatA, kAraNa ke enA livAnane AgaLano bhAga kamAnayukta pravezadvAravALo nathI tema samagra livAna bahAranI bAjue staMbhenA AdhAre ja banAvyuM che ane dIvAla karI emAM mAne banAvelI nathI. tethI ahIM minArAne sthAna maLavAne kaI avakAza nathI, jyAre cheka bahArane bhAga prApya paththarothI banAvela che temAM pravezamAM chatrI AkArane maMDapa hoI tyAM paNa minArAne sthAna prApta thaI zakyuM nathI. khaMbhAtamAM siddharAja jayasiMhanI kRpAthI navI baMdhAyelI majidamAM minArAne ullekha karavAmAM Avyo che.pa3 A masjidane 13 mI sadInI zarUAtamAM humalAthI nAza karavAmAM Ave ane saiyada zarApha tAmIne cAra minArA ane sonerI guMbaja sAthe 0

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444) sastanata kAla jhi, potAnA kharce samarAvI evo ullekha che.54 A ullekhanA AdhAre minArA thatA hatA eTale te sAbita thAya che, paraMtu e pachInI bharUcanI masjidamAM minArAne kayAMya rathAna nathI e paNa viziSTa hakIkata che. khaMbhAtamAM uparyukta masjidanA minArAne AkAra kevo haze enI mAtra kalAnA karavAnI ja rahe che, paraMtu minArAnA cheka prAraMbhika rUpane khaMbhAtanI I.sa. 1325 mAM pUrI thayelI jAmI masjidamAMnA minArA parathI khyAla AvI zake che (TTa 1, A. 35). ahI marijadanAmiharAbava La livAnanuM pravezadvAra kamAnadAra dIvAlanuM che ne enI upara pAMca vibhAgomAM vaheMcAyelA nAnakaDA aNIdAra AkAranuM minArAnuM sAva prAraMbhika kahI zakAya tevuM ghanarUpa che. A minArA dIvAlamAMthI ja enA uparanA nAnakaDA bhAgarUpe ja nIkaLelA che; nathI emAM koI sthApatyakIya vizeSatA ke nathI minArAnI pratibhA. tyAra pachInuM minArAnuM thoDuMka vikasitarU5 dheLakAnI I sa. 1333 mAM baMdhAyelI hilAlakhAna kAchanI majidamAM jovA maLe cheahIM paNa e miharAbavALA livAnanA pravezavALI kamAnadAra dIvAlamAMthI nIkaLe che. ene keI AgavuM sthAna nathI, paraMtu uparanA bhAgamAM enI UMcAI judI tarI Ave che. ane e vaccenI kamAnatI baMne bAjunI dIvAlamAMthI upara kADhavAmAM AvyA che; joke A UMcA karelA staMbharUpane minArA kahevA ke kema e prazna thAya, kAraNa ke e paNa ghana che ne emAM aMdara polANa na hovAthI e mAtra minArAnA zobhAnA pratIkarUpe ja vyakta karAyA che. arthAta minArAnI AvazyaktAne spaSTa svIkAra zarU thayelo jovA maLe che. A minArAnI UMcAI dIvAlanI UMcAInI 3/4 jeTalI ja che, jethI e islAmanA pratIkathI vadhAre bhAga bhajavatI lAgatI nathI, vaLI e minArAnI viziSTa racanA jevI nathI, paraMtu enI e purogAmI jarUra che. dhoLakAnI khAna masjida jene mahamUda begaDAnA samayanI mAnavAmAM Ave che, temAMnA minArAne livAnanA be cheDe bahAra mUkelA che ne tyAM upara javAne bahArathI raste paNa banAve che, je cheka upara sudhI jAya che. A minArAno bhAga aMdarathI pilo ane kamAnadAra che ne ajhAna mATe khUba ja anukULa chatAM ene AkAra pachInA minArA jevo nathI. A minArA masjidane cuMTADelA hoya tevA vadhu che. bIjI vizeSatA e che ke e livAnanI aMdaranI astitva dharAvatI dIvAla karatAM livAna jeTalI ja bIjI ekasarakhI e livAnanI UMcAInI alaga dIvAla para aDadhI dIvAla jeTalA UMcA che. mULa livAnanI bahAranI dIvAlanA cothA bhAga jeTalI minArAnI UMcAI che. enuM minArAnA

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15 mu] sthApatyaya smAraka [45 vikAsamAM AgavuM sthAna svIkAravuM paDe, kAraNa ke AnI abhivyaktinI paddhati minArAnA vikAsanA tabakkAnA sAtatyane badale pazcima eziyAnI masjidanA sIdhA anukaraNarUpa vadhAre jovA maLe che. hilAlakhAna kAjInI masjidathI vikAsavA mAMDelA minArAnA rUpane amadAvAdanI ahamadazAhanI masjidamAM dIvAlanI bahAra nIkaLatuM joI zakIe chIe. sAthe sAthe emAM pharatI sIDIne praveza, upara javAnI sagavaDa, vagere paNa vikaselAM joIe chIe. enA pachInuM enuM rUpa ahIMnI jummA masjidamAM dIvAla karatAM lagabhaga paNa be gaNI UMcAInA minArAmAM jovA maLe che. e minArA pachI tUTI paDelA che. minArAnuM vikasita ne zreSTha rUpa mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM thayeluM prApya masjidanA AdhAre spaSTa paNe jANI zakAya che. emAMya rAjapuranI bIbIjIkI masjida (paTTa 18, A. 36)mAM, temaja sTezana pAse sAraMgapura daravAjAnI sAme AvelI sIdI bazIranI hAlatA minArAvALI masjidamAM minArAnI racanA pUrNa vikasita jevA maLe che. AvA minArA lagabhaga moTA bhAganI amadAvAdanI masjidamAM, dhoLakAnI jAmI majidamAM. cAMpAneranI masjidamAM temaja bIje paNa jovA maLe che. minArAonA vikAsanI pUrNatA dvArA hAlatA minArA e islAmI sthApatyanA savizeSa aMga tarIke temaja jagatanA Azcarya tarIke viziSTa sthAna pAmyA che.55 gujarAtanI saltanata kAlanI gaNanApAtra masjido A pramANe che : bharUthanI jAmI masijada-kAlAnukramanI daSTie sau prathama bharUcanI masjidane astitva dharAvatI majidomAM gaNI zakAya. I.sa. 1297 mAM alAuddIna khalajIe bharUca jItI ghaNAM maMdirane vidhvaMsa karyo ne kahevAya che ke emAMnA eka maMdiranA sthAna para aneka maMdiranA avazeSomAMthI jAmI majidanuM nirmANa karyuM. bAMdhakAma-paddhati, staMbhanuM svarUpa, dvArazAkhA, miharAbanI racanA, minArAno abhAva vagere enA purAvArUpa che. vadhAremAM vadhAre traNa maMdirone sarasAmAna AmAM vaparAyela che. huM maTanA bhAgamAM ne bhIMtanA madhyabhAgamAM ne ke koMkrITa ne roDAM vAparelAM che, bAkInA bhAga sUne vAparyA vinA pracalita paddhati pramANe ekabIjA para mUkelA che ane AgaLanA bhAgamAM minAra ke kamAna banAvaDAvavAno samaya maLyo na hoya tema ekalA staMbho para racanA karI che. taMbhomAM hiMdu-jaina kataraNI spaSTa jovA maLe che, jyAre vitAnene sIdhe ja upayoga karI bahAranI bAjuthI ene cUne koMkrITa vagerethI ardhagoLa AkAranA banAvavA prayatna karyo che.

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salatanata mae khaMbhAtanI jAmI masjida- I.sa. 1325mAM baMdhAyelI A masjidamAM 4.5 mITara UMcA 100 staMbha che ane 56 nAnA staMbha che. A paNa hiMdu ane jaina maMdironA avazeSomAMthI banAvelI che. majidano dakSiNa bAjuno maMDapa AnuM sarasa daSTAMta pUruM pADe che temaja pravezadvAra paNa ene khyAla Ape che. A masjida khUba moTI che (paTTa 19, A. 37) ane minArAnAM ThUMThAM ahIMthI zarU thatAM jovA maLe che. jyAM kotarakAma karavuM paDayuM che tyAM sAdAI dekhAya che ane dakSatA dekhAtI nathI. Ane paricaya miharAba temaja enA bahAranA bhAganI racanAmAM jovA maLe che. dakSiNa bAjuno maMDapa sthApatyakIya daSTie vistA-Ajanane suMdara namUne che ne enA staMbhonI eka upara eka mUkIne karelI goThavaNI alaMkArane ucita upayoga karavAnI samaja darzAve che. ahIM livAnane kamAna karelI che. dhoLakAnI hilAlakhAna kALanI majidaA masjidanuM bAMdhakAma hilAlakhAna kAjIe I.sa. 1373 mAM pUruM karAvyuM hatuM. ahIM paNa maMdiranA bhAgone upayoga karavAmAM Avyo hato, paraMtu miharAba minArA vagere pUratuM navuM kotarakAma kareluM jovA maLe che. A masjidanuM ArasanuM siMbara uttama prakAranuM che (paTTa 16 A. 34). ahIM paNa livAna nI dIvAlane traNa kamAnavALI banAvI vacenI kamAnanA be khUNethI minArA bahAra kADhavAmAM AvyA che. ekaMdare masjida sAdI che, paNa ene vacale maMDapa bahu suMdara che. cokanI AjubAjanI dIvAlamAM paDALI karelI nathI, tyAM kevaLa sAdA paththaronI dIvAla che. enA pravezanI chatrI AkarSaka che. dhoLakAnI TAMka majida-I.sa. 1361 mAM baMdhAyelI A masjida Aje "bhImanuM rasoDuM" nAme oLakhAya che, e joLakAnI jAmI masjida tarIke vaparAtI hatI. masjidanA miharAba upara kotarele lekha enI sAkSI pUre che. pharejhazAha sulatAnanA samayamAM hi.sa. 76ra(I.sa. 1361)mAM mupharaha sulatAnIe dhoLakAmAM pitAnI khAnagI mAlikInI jamInamAM A masjida baMdhAvI hatI; joke enA bAMdhakAmamAM mAlasAmAna to taiyAra maMdirone ja vaparA che. bharijadamAMnA thAMbhalA, maMDapanI racanA ane pravezadvAra enI sAkSI pUre che. atyAre AmAM vacalA bhAgamAM lAkaDAnuM bAMdhakAma astitva dharAve che temaja tUTelI mUrtio sAthenA thAMbhalA paNa pracalita paddhatine khyAla Ape che. temAM thoDA pheraphAra karavA paDyA che chatAM taiyAra vetAno ja upayoga jovA maLe che. pravezadvAra paNa taiyAra ja mUkI devAmAM AvyuM che. ahIM mAnene upayoga jovA maLatuM nathI ane

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15 muM] sthApatyakIya smArake [447 miharAba sAmAnya mApa karatAM lagabhaga 125 mITara aMdaranI bAju UMDI che. A majidamAM strIo mATe mulukakhAnAnI racanA paNa che. amadAvAdanI ahamadazAhanI majida-I.sa. 1411 mAM zarU karI I.sa. 1414 nA DiseMbaramAM pUrNa thayelI A majida amadAvAdamAM lAla daravAjAnA basa-sTenDa pAse gujarAta kalaba sAme AvelI che (paSTa 20, A. 38). A majida maMdiranA bhAgane sIdhesIdhA vAparIne banAvI hovAnuM jaNAya che. maMdiranA traNa mukhya vibhAgo-garbhagRha, sabhAmaMDapa ne nRtyamaMDapane sIdhesIdhA ahIM tenA te svarUpamAM rAkhI bIjA evA ja maMdiranA bhAga sAthe joDelA evA pAMca vibhAgonI pAMca miharAbavALI racanA karelI che. AnuM vyavasthita pRthakakaraNa karatAM A marijadamAM kula pAMca maMdiranA bhAgone upayoga karavAmAM Avyo che ema spaSTa dekhAya che. enA eka staMbha paranA lekhamAM saM. 1308 nI sAlamAM rAjA vIsaladevanA samayamAM mAhirAmAM uttarezvara mahAdevamAM jALI karAvyAne ulekha jovA maLe che. uttarezvara mahAdeva ane enI sAthe paMcadevanA maMdirano ullekha mahIsA (ji. kheDA) khAtenA lekhamAM karavAmAM Avyo che. 57 A uparathI ema lAge che ke paMcadevanAM maMdiranA bhAgone upayoga karI A masjida bAMdhavAmAM AvI haze ane e paNa mahIsA gAmethI lAvIne; joke amadAvAdathI mahIsAnuM TUMkuM aMtara jotAM e avyavahAru ke asaMgata lAgatuM nathI. Ama kevI rIte maMdiramAMthI masjida bAMdhI zakAtI eno khyAla A masjida sArI rIte Ape che. AmAM moTA bhAganA avazeSone sIdhesIdhe upayoga karavAmAM Avyo che. uparAMta vitAna, talachaMda vagereno paNa saMbaMdha yathAvata jovA maLe che. strIone namAja paDhavA mATe karelA mulukakhAnAnI jALI saMbhavata: e ja hoya ema bane. keMdrIya miharAba bAdazAha mATe che emAM ArasanI banAvelI kamaLapatranI suzobhanA che. kamAnamAM islAmanA aMzenI nakala che, paraMtu e banAvaTI kamAna che, arthAta e bhAra jhIlanArI kamAna nahetAM mAtra zobhAnI kamAna che. marijadamAM ahamadazAha sulatAne e baMdhAvI hovAne arabImAM lekha che. amadAvAdanI haibatakhAnanI masjida-jamAlapura daravAjA pAse AvelI A masjida sulatAna ahamadazAhanA kAkA hebatakhAne baMdhAvI hatI. A masjidamAM be hiMdu maMdironA bhAgane chUTathI upayoga karavAmAM Avela che. enA minArAnAM ThAM LakAnI kAchalI marijadane minArA karatAM vadhAre sAdAM ane kalAvihIna che.

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*<] jAtI nA ha amadAvAdanI saiyada AlamanI masjida--A masjida khAnapuramAM AvelI che te evI racanA I.sa. 1412 mAM karavAmAM AvelI che. AmAM pazu hiMdu maMdiranA bhAgeAne chUTathI upayoga karyAM che, paraMtu enA minArAnA bhAga khUba ja suMdara rIte navesarathI adhavartuLAkAre banAvelA che, je khAsa dhyAna kheMce tevA che. A masjida pramANumAM nAnI che, amadAvAdanI jAmI masjida--zaheranI madhyamAM traNa daravAjAthI gheADe dUra sTezane javAnA rastA para jamaNI bAju AvelI che (paTTa 21, A. 39). enI zarU Ata I.sa 1412 mAM karavAmAM AvI hatI. ene pUrI karatAM bAra varSa lAgyAM hatAM. emAM paNa meATA bhAgane sAmAna madirAnA judAjudA bhAgAneA vaparAyA che. masjida traNa dizAmAM traNa pravezadvAra che. enuM ahamadazAhanA rAjAvALI dizAmAM arthAt pUrva dizAmAM AveluM dvAra e mukhya dvAra che. gAMdhImArgavALI bahAranI bAjue AvelI narI dukAneAe masjidanA kharA rUpane saMtADI dIdhuM che. evI dukAne masjidanA sarAIvALA bhAgamAMthI sIdhI ja banAvI kADhI che; mAtra vaccenAM pagathiyAM ane chatrInA kAraNe kayAMka javAnI jagA haze evA khyAla Ave che, jyAre pAchaLa mANekaceAkamAM paDatI sarAIvALA bhAga dukAnavALA hovA chatAM masjidanI dIvAla spaSTa dekhAvAnA kAraNe ene paricaya karAve che. masjida AMdhavAmAM madirAnA judA judA bhAgAne lAvIne vyavasthita geAThavavA uparAMta enAM mApa ane pramANu-saMbaMdha jaLavAya e jarUrI hAya che, eTale jyAM evA prazna UbhA thayA che tyAM thAMbhalAone kApI nAkhI ke jarUra paDaye ekAda bhAga umerI kAma calAvyu` che. jAmI masjidanA vaccete bhAga viziSTa rIte AyeAjita karelA che. traNa uparAuparI geAThavelA thAMbhalA enI pAchaLanA majalA(clerestory)ne susaMgata karavA mATe che. A majalAmAM jALa vaDe masjidanA nIcenA bhAgane prakAzita karavAnA ijiptanAM maMdiranI jema karelA prayatna spaSTa najare paDe che, vicitratA e che ke vacce geAThavelI kamAna e muslima sthApatyamAM jovA maLatI kamAna nathI, paraMtu hiMdu paddhatinI zAbhAnI ( functionless ) ane gADavaNIyukta (corbelled) prakAranI kamAna che. aMdaranA livAnanA jamaNA khUNe mulukakhAtuM bAMdheluM che. A masjidanA vacalA miharAba upara arakhImAM masjida baMdhAyA aMgenA lekha che. rijadamAM livAnanI dIvAlathI AgaLa kADhelA minArA hatA, je 1819 nA dharatIka pamAM paDI gayA. e dIvAla karatAM lagabhaga bamaNuA UMcA hatA te eka minArA halAvatAM khIjo minArA hAlateA hateA evu jemsa `khma pratyakSa joI nAMkhyu che,

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15 su] sthApatyakIya smArakA [44 ahamadazAhanA rAjo (paTTa 22, A. 40)--ahamadazAha 1lAnA samayamAM badhAyelAM makAneAmAM enA rAjAnuM sthAna viziSTa prakAranuM che. kabara-sthApatyamAM enuM savizeSa mUlya paNa che, pAchaLathI mughalakAlamAM bIje. jovA maLatA rAjAonI tulanAmAM sauMdarya ane sapramANatAnI dRSTie A rAjAnuM mahattva asAdhAraNa che. zaheranI madhyamAM jAmI rijadanI bAjumAM ja A rAjo khanAvIne ene zaheranuM dhArmika temaja vyApArI keMdra banAvavAmAM A imAratanA thoDA phALA avazya gaNAvA joIe. eka rIte cAre bAjue dhamadhamatA vepArI vistAranI vacce gherAyelA A rAjAmAM sthApatyakIya rIte sapramANatA ane uttama mApapaddhatinuM uttama saMceAjana thayu che. A makAnanI najAkatamAM enI jALIe vizeSa bhAga bhajave che. catusra makAnanI sugrathita paddhatimAM UMcAI ane paheAI ane rIte A re!jo khUba ja AkaSa ka ane ucca AyAja vALe che. emAM hamadazAha 1 lA uparAMta enA putra muhammadazAhanI ane pautra kutbuddIna ahamadazAhanI kabarA che. bahAranI bAjunI suroAbhana-paddhatimAM ane jALIonA rUpamAM thADA saraka jarUra paDe che. e batAve che ke kadAca emAM jALIo pAchaLathI mukAI hAya, vaLI ene ghuMmaTa paNa uttama prakAranA adhagALAkAra dharAve che, je enI dRzya asara UbhI karavAmAM bhAga bhajave che. rANInA hajIrA--ahamadazAhanA rAjAnI sAme AvelA A rAjo enI viziSTa prakAranI bAMdhaNI mATe khAsa dhyAna kheMce tevA che, kAraNa ke kabareA rAkhavAnA bhAga khullA che ane e vacalA vistArane krUratA cArasamAM suMdara livAna prakAranA AcchAdita pradakSiNAmAga karelA che. vaLI jamInanA starathI e khAssA UMcAIe racelA che. emAM javA mATe pagathiyAM AzarA levA paDe. A hajIrAnA tala MdanI pramANasaratA noMdhapAtra che. ahIM 1 : 2 : 4 : 8 pramANa prayeAjAyelu jovA maLe che, enA staMbha sIvAsAdA che. jhAjhI kAtarI nathI, paraMtu emAMnAM tara te jALIe savizeSa dhyAna kheMce tevAM che; kadAca pAchaLathI karelAM paNa hoya. kutbuddInanI masjida-I.sa. 1449 mAM halAla sulatAnInA putra nijhAmane mATe kutbuddInazAhe khAMdhelI A masjida amadAvAdamAM dilhI cakalAmAM AvelI che. saltanata kAlanA masjida sthApatyane vikAsa darzAvatI A eka pUraka kaDIrUpa che. minArA aSTakANAtmaka ane asarakAraka kAtaraNIvALA che. malika zAkhAnanA rAjo--amadAvAdamAM sarasapurathI agni khUNe AvelA rakhiyAlamAM A rAjo Avele che. A rAjAnI bhItamAM I.sa. 145ra te lekha i-5-29

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450] rAhatanata kAu che. e bAga banAvavA mATe malika zAbAnane maLelI jamInanI sanada che. emAM re sulatAna kubuddInanuM nAma lakheluM che. rojAnI bahAra charNa vAva che. bAjumAM moTuM taLAva che. bAge zAbAna' A vistAramAM ja hatuM, paNa enuM astitva atyAre nathI. roje enI suMdara jALIonI kataraNa mATe jANItuM che ane jALIonA rUpAMkanamAM viziSTa sthAna dharAve che. malika zAbAnanI masjida-malika zAbAne baMdhAvelI masjida hajUrIzAhanI masjida tarIke jANItI che. I.sa. 145ra mAM banelI A masjida amadAvAdamAM bhadra pAse kAraMjamAM AvelI che. maMdiranA bhAgone sIdhA ja umega karIne A masjida banAvelI che. sAraMgapuranI masjida-amadAvAdamAM sAraMgapura cakalAmAM AvelI A majida malika sAraMge e jyAre mujhaphakara ra jAnA samayamAM amadAvAdano sUbe hato tyAre baMdhAvI haze. bAMdhaNI ane kArIgarIne prakAra jotAM e nizcitapaNe mahamUda begaDAnA samaya karatAM thoDI vahelI ane ahamadazAha 1 lAnA samaya bAdanI mAnavAmAM vAMdho nathI. vaLI dilhI cakalAnI kubuddInanI majida sAthe e racanA-paddhati ane suzobhana paddhatimAM ThIka ThIka sAmya dharAve che. A marijada rANIbIbInI masjida tarIke prakhyAta che. A masjidanA minArA pAchaLathI thayelI rAjapuranI masjidanA minArAne maLatA che ne ghaNuM bhAre che. kamAno paNa banAvaTI eTale ke bhAra UMcakanArI nahi, paNa zobhArUpa che. masjidanI sAthe bhakabaro paNa che. enI jALIo atyAre nathI, paraMtu enuM Ayojana sAruM haze ema jaNAI Ave che. bIbIjIkI masjida (5 23,A. 41)-amadAvAdamAM rAjapuramAM sthApatyanA uttama namUnArUpa temaja hAlatA minArAne suMdara paricaya karAvanAra A masjida I.sa. 1454 mAM kubuddIne saiyada khudamIra bIna saiyada vaDA bIna saiyada yAkubanI mA bIbIjI mATe baMdhAvI ema majidamAM lekha che. A majida rAjapura-hIrapuramAM AvelI che ne atyAre e gomatIpuranA minArAvALI majida tarIke jANItI che. A masjida kada ane AyeAjana tathA minArAnA rUpanI daSTie khUba ja suMdara che. dakSiNa bAjuno minAro vIjaLI paDavAthI tUTI gayo evuM manAya che. ahIM eka minAra hAle che enI pratIti thAya che ane ekane halAvatAM bIjo minAre hAlato hato evo ullekha maLe che. kamAne suzobhana pUratI che. Ane kubuddInanA samayanI sarvAMgasuMdara majida gaNI zakAya. ahIM mulukakhAnuM paNa che.

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sthApatyakIya smArakA [41 sarakhejanA rAjo--saiyada ahamada khaTTu ga MjabakSa I.sa. 1446 mAM mRtyu pAmyA ane e ja sAlamAM sulatAna muhammadazAha 2 jAe emane rAjo banAvavA zarU karyo. I.sa. 1451 mAM kutbuddIne e pUrA karyAM. rAjAnI vizeSatA enI jALIAnI kArIgarImAM che temaja pAchaLathI karavAmAM AvelI pittaLanI jALIe paNa enA suze|bhanamAM vadhArA kare che. uparAMta enA dhrumaTamAM uparanA bhAgamAM khullI rAkhavAmAM AvelI kAtaraNI. e sthApatyakIya AkarSaNa paNa che. bahAra pravezadrAra tarIke maMDapa (pavilion) mUkelA che te paNa AcenanI dRSTie viziSTa che. 15 gu] sarakhejanI masjida-rAjAnI sAthe sAthe ja masjida pUrI karavAmAM AvA hatI. enuM vaju karavAnuM sthaLa bahAra che. ane masjidamAM mulukakhAnuM paNa che, kayAMya kamAna.ke kazuM suzIlana nathI, paraMtu vadhArema vadhAre mANasA namAja paDhI zake e mATe khUba meATI masjida banAvA che. A masjidanA abhyAsa karatAM taLa(ground)nA bhAgamAM je paththara mUkavyA che tenA upara uparanI aMtamAM kevI rIte livAnanuM Ayojana karavuM temaja staMbhA upara paththaranA e pATaDA kevI rIte goThavavA tathA ghuMmaTanA bahAranA upalA bhAgamAM kalaza temaja ardhavala bhAga kevA banAvavA e batAvatAM rekhAMkana katarelAM che. sAthe sAthe pATaDAnAM rekhAMkana tena" zI vagere rajU karatAM rekhAMkana paDyuM che. masjidata minArA nathI. mahamUda begaDAnI imAratA--AvuM sarasa sthAna jyAM sa tanA rAjA ane masjida hoya tyAM svAbhAvika ja mahamUda begaDA jevA AkarSAya. Ane lIdhe sulatAne A sthaLane potAtA unALAnA virAmasthaLa tarIke temaja AvA mahAna saMtanA sAMnidhyamAM rAzvata vasavA mATe paNa pasaMda karyuM, tethI masjidanI pAchaLa dakSiNe ane pazcime taLAva banAvaDAvyuM ane rAjAnI dakSiNe peAtAnA mATe daragAha karAvI. taLAvanI sAmI bAjue potAne mATe temaja saiyada sAhebanA rAjAne kAraNe taLAvanI cAre bAju nakAneA banI gayAM hatAM e enA atyAre jovA maLatA avazeSA parathI jANI zakAya che. A taLAvanI vacce ArAmagRha banAvela hatuM. mahelAmAMthI pANImAM nIce AvavAnI suMdara vyavasthA paNa che. uparAMta daravAjAmAMthI gheADesavAra dheDAne sIdhA pANI pAvA lAvI zake evI paNa vyavasthA che. malika AlamanI masjidR--amadAvAdamAM zAhaAlamanA rAjA pAse AvelI A masjidanA samayanI bAbatamAM anekavidha tarka karavAmAM Avya che.

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45ra! saltanata kAla para tu enI ba dhaNI parathI e mahamUda begaDAnA samAM I. sa. 140 pachInA gALAmAM baMdhAI haze ema mAnavuM ucita gaNAze. AnI vizeSatA e che ke emAM jAmI masjidanI jema uparathI prakAza lAvavAnI vyavasthA che. enI kamAna, paNa zobhAnI ja che. Ajhama- mujhamane reje-amadAvAdamAM vAsaNA jatAM rastAmAM DAbI bAe Avate A reje A samayanA uttama InTarI bAMdhakAmano namUno che. e mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM Ajhama khAM ane muAjhamakhAM nAmanA be khurAsAnI bhAIoe baMdhAvyuM che. ahIMnI kamAno bhAra vahana karanArI (archated) che. ane ITarI makAna heI bhIMtanI jADAI Azare be mITara jeTalI che ne ghuMmaTanI racanA paNa e prakAranI che. enI uparanuM plAsTara hajI paNa sArI rIte TakI rahyuM che te tatakAlIna bAMdhakAmanI siddhinuM sAruM udAharaNa che. bahAranA TekAno uThAva ene keThA jevA AkArane batAve che, paNa ahIM kyAMya bhAratIyatA jevA maLatI nathI. nAnA kadanI ITone koMkrITanI vacce mUkIne suMdara caNatarakAma kareluM che ane kamAnonI racanA paNa suMdara rIte karelI che. bAMdhakAmanI daSTie A rAjAnI racanA prazaMsanIya che. rUpamatInI masjida-amadAvAdamAM mirajApura cokInI bAjumAM ja A majida AvelI che ane suzobhananI dRSTie suMdara majidomAMnI eka che. enA tUTelA minArA je astitvamAM heta to enI samagra sapramANatA ne najAtane khyAla AvI zakata. Ama chatAM AyojananI daSTie mApa ane kadanI paraspara saMvAditA ahIM khUba ja sArI jovA maLe che. suzobhananuM pramANa, rUpA jana ane racanAne AkAra sAthe saMvAditApUrNa saMbaMdha AvI majidamAM bahu ja nIrakhI zakAya che. ahIM paNa prakAzane uparathI lAvavAnI vyavasthA che. ahIM mUkelA jharUkhA masjidanA ghana ane RNa(solid and void)nA AyojananI asAdhAraNa asarakArakatA darzAve che ne emAM paNa kamaLanI pAMdaDIonI kamAna sAthene ne bIjA suzobhane sAthe eno saMbaMdha asAdhAraNa kalAtmakatAno khyAla Ape che. ghuMmaTane aMdarane bhAga paNa suMdara rIte sugrathita suzobhane thI yukta che. AvI asarakAraka sauMdaryasajananI kaLacha bIje ochI jovA maLe che. " dariyAkhAnane rejo-amadAvAdamAM dariyAkhAnanA ghumaTa tarIke jANIto A roje ITarI bAMdhakAmanA A kAlanA je traNa-cAra namUnA che temane eka che

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15 muM || thApatyakIya smAraka (4 paTTa 24, A. 4). AnA jevaDa bI je moDe reje ITa ane cUnAnA koMkrITamAM gujarAtamAM to nathI ja. dariyAkhAne mahamUda begaDAnA vakhatamAM sa. 1453 mAM A baMdhAvyo hato ema kahevAya che. A rojAnI bhIMtanI jADAI 275 mITara che. ane enA upara lagabhaga 30 mITaranI pahoLAIne ghuMmaTa TakI rahyo che. A ghuMmaTane bhAra jhIlavA mATe ja bhI tane ATalI badhI jADI karavI paDI che. sthApatyanA daSTie A rojAnI racanA ITarI sthApatyanI anupama siddhino purAvo che, kAraNa ke AnI sAthe ja thayelI dhoLakAnI khAna masjidane ghaNo bhAga tUTI gayo che, jyAre A rojAne kaMI paNuM nukasAna thayuM nathI temaja ene ghuMmaTa asAdhAraNa bhAre hovA chatA ene paNa kaMI thayuM nathI. bhIMtanI jADAI upara je te zuM mA lIdhe che te viziSTa jJAna batAve che. acUta mUkInI masjida-amadAvAdamAM dUdhezvara pAse AvelI A suMdara masjida atyAre to jhUpaDapaTTIno eka bhAga che. A masjida I.sa. 147ra mAM mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM malika bahAuddIna sulatAnIe bAMdhI che hiMdu ane IslAmI pratIkanA saMmizraNarUpa ane pramANa temaja pratIkenI daSTie ahIM uttama rUpakana thayeluM jovA maLe che. A masjida rUpamatInI majida sAthe sAruM evuM sAmya dharAve che. A masjidanA minArA hAle che evo mirAte ahamadImAM ullekha maLe che. ema kahevAya che ke A masjidane sAta minArA hatA--traNa AgalA koTa upara, be pAchalA koTa upara ane be madinA pitAnA minArA,59 joke koTanI uparanA minArA kevA haze e kalpavuM muzkela che. masjidanI sAthe roje paNa che. usamAnapurAnAM masjida ane roje-gujarAta vigha pITha 5 se umApurAmAM bAgamAM A majida AvelI che vaTavALA kutube Alama sAhebanA mukhya ziSya saiyada usamAnane mATe sulatAna mahamUda begaDAe A imArata baMdhAvI che. majidamAM minArA be cheDe che. minAmAM javA mATe masjidanI paDakhAmAM mUkelA jharUkhAomAM sIDI che. agAsIthI upa-nA bhAga mAM minArA nakkara che. rojanI ghuMmaTanI bAMdhaNImAM bAra thAMbhalAne maMDapa banAvyA che e e che vizeSatA che. suzobhanamAM vRddhi ane vadhu AgamayatAnI zarUAta ahIMthI ratI jovA maLe che. miyAMkhAna cizatInI masjida-mahamUda begaDAnA vakhatamAM amadAvAdamAM zAhIbAgano pahelAM masUdapura nAmanuM paruM vaseluM hatuM enA vasAvanAra malika makasUda vajIre sulatAna mahamUda begaDAnA rAjyakAlamAM miyAMkhAna ciztI mATe I.sa. 1465 mAM A masjida baMdhAvI hatI. A malika acUta mUkIna majika

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satanata kAla vaLA bahAuddInane bhAI hatA. baMne marijadamAM catuSkoNamAMthI aSTakoNa, seLa khUNA ane enA upara vartuLa, e paddhatino upayoga karelo che. marijada sAmAnya rIte AkarSaka che. sakarakhAnanI masjida-amadAvAdamAM kAlupuranI A moTAmAM moTI masjida che. masjidamAM kamAna vagerene ThATha nathI, paraMtu sarakhejanI masjidanI jema mAtra staMbha upara TekavelI che. mAtra vacce eka nAnakaDI zebhAnI kamAna karelI che. ahIM minArA paNa nathI. vaccenA bhAgamAM be jagAe bhIta karI emAM jALIo mUkelI che bAMdhaNI parathI De barjesa .sa. 1400 thI I.sa. 1470 nI vacce baMdhAyelI mAne che. kamAnA astitva temaja suzobhananA abhAvane lIdhe saMbhavata: 1450 nI AsapAsanI hoI zake. marijadathI thoDe dUra rAje che. enI ane marijadanI vacce atyAre makAna AvI gayelAM che. eTale e kALe enA bhAge sArI evI jagA haze ema mAnavuM rahyuM. rojAne kAraNe A vistAra hajIrAnI piLa tarIke jANItuM thayuM che. dasturakhAnanI majida-amadAvAdamAM AstoDiyA cakalAmAM A masjida AvelI che. emAMnA lekha uparathI jaNAya che ke A majida i.sa. 1463 mAM baMdhAI hatI. majidanI AsapAsa suMdara bhaumitika AkRtiovALI paththaranI jALIo che. bahArathI pravezavAnAM pagathiyAM che. masjidanI dakSiNe eka kabrastAnamAM dastUrakhAnanI kabara paNa che. zAha phajhalanI masjida- amadAvAdamAM gAyakavADanI havelImAM AvelI A majida koNe bAdhI e spaSTa nathI. enA miharAba uparanA lekhamAM mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM I.sa. 1487 mAM e baMdhAI hovAnuM lakhyuM che. zAha phajhalanI majida nAma kema paDayuM enA paNa khyAla AvatuM nathI. muhaphIjhakhAMnI masjida khAnagI upayoga mATenI A nAnI suMdara masjida hajIya sArI ane pUrNa sthitimAM che. A masjida amadAvAdamAM ghIkAMTAne rate AvelI che. I.sa. 149ra mAM jamAluddIna muhAphIjhakhAne baMdhAvelI mAtra traNa ja miharAbavALI A masjida rANI siprInI masjida sAthe sahelAIthI sarakhAvI zakAya tevI che. marijada traNa kamAnavALI che ne kamAno upara dekhAvanA jharUkhA karelA che. ahIM khUba ja suMdara nakazIkAma kareluM che ane miharAba miMbara temaja anya bhAgo kotaraNIthI bharI dIdhA che. majidane cheDe minArA karyA che te aSTakoNIya che ane ene khUba ja alaMkaraNathI suzobhita banAvyA che. A

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muM) sthApatyakIya smAraka (455 majidane minArA hAle che te ekane halAvavAthI bIjo paNa hAle che. baMne paDakhAMmAM suMdara jharUkhA-jALIo paNa che. aMdara eka thAMbhalA sAthe paththaranI dIvI karelI che. A enI navInatA che. pramANasaratAnI daSTie emAM najAkata na hovAM chatAM e suMdara lAge che. bAI harIranI masjida ane rAje-asAravAmAM bAI harIranI vAvanI pAchaLa khUba ja suMdara miharAbAvALI ane minArAvALI A nAnakaDI masjida paraMparAnA vikAsamAM agatyane phALe ApatuM sopAna che. bharijada vAva ane bAga traNe maLIne A vistAra suMdara kempasa pUruM pADe che. AvAM kempasa sarakheja zAhaAlama temaja anya sthaLoe paNa jovA maLe che. e uparathI A prakAranA mizra hetuvALAM kepasa prajAnA mAnasika dhArmika cAkSuSa ane bhautika poSaNanA hetuthI thatAM hatAM ane lokajIvananA vikAsamAM sunizcita phALo ApatAM hatAM e nedhavuM joIe. sIdI bazIranI masjida ane enA hAlatA minArA-amadAvAdanA navA relave sTezananI bAjumAM sAraMgapura daravAjAnI sAme AvelI A masjidano mAtra kamAna ane minArAvALo bhAga ja atyAre astitva dharAve che, jyAre enA livAna miharAba miMbara vagere bhAgene marAThA samayamAM nAza thayo heIe sthAne atyAre caNelo miharAba vagere che. kamAnanA bahAranA bhAga para baMdUkanI goLIonAM nizAna hajI paNa spaSTa dekhAya che. atyAre agAsIvALA bhAgane joDI dIdhela che. enI sAthe jatI baMne bAjunI dIvAla astitvamAM nathI. A marijadane pAchale bhAga I.sa. 1753mAM javAMmardakhAna bAbI ane marAThAonI vaccenI laDAImAM tUTI gayo ema jANavA maLe che. majidanA A minArAyuna kamAnavALA bhAganuM mahattva enA baMne minArA hAle che ane ekane halAvIe to bIje paNa hAle che e samajavA mATe agatyanuM che, janA sTezana pAsenA ITarI minArA-islAmI sthApatyamAM jyAre jyAre bAMdhakAmamAM ITone upayoga karavAmAM Avyo che tyAre tyAre emAM eka viziSTa prakAranI siddhinuM sopAna sara thayuM che. iTAmAM minArAnI racanA karavI e khUba ja muzkela che, kAraNa ke ema karatAM vadhAre jADAIne AdhAra levo paDe che. amadAvAdanA junA relave sTezana paranA minArA kadAca A prakAranA sauthI UMcA minArA che, chatAM enI racanAmAM kyAMya ITonA kAraNe vadhu jADAIne Azare lIdhe nathI, paraMtu paththara jeTalI ja jADAI vAparIne AkhAya bAMdha

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45] saltanata kAla ( [ . kAmane asAdhAraNa najAkatavALuM ane saudaryapUrNa banAvyuM che. A minArA jarAya bhaddA nathI lAgatA, eTaluM ja nahi, e bIjA minArA karatAM UMcA hevA chatAM hajI sudhI dharatIkaMpathI paDI gayA nathI. enuM kAraNa e che ke enI. racanAmAM cUnA ke koMkrITe saLaMga samagrarUpe ane IToe vaccenA purANanA aMga tarIke bhAga bhajavyo che. daravezaalInI masjida-amadAvAdamAM pAnakora nAkA pAse AvelI ane I.sa. 1504 mAM banelI A masjidanI kArIgarI rANI siprInI masjidanI jema suMdara che. A masjida paNa nAnakaDI che. phakta 11 mITara laMbAInI A masjida sAcA arthamAM rUpakaDI che temaja alaMkaraNovALI che. ene miharAba suMdara rIte kotarela che. zAhaAlamane rejo ane kempasa (rasulAbAda)-saMta zAhaAlama sAhebe amadAvAdamAM jamAlapura daravAjA bahAra khAmadhroLa agara dANIlImaDA pAse paruM vasAvyuM hatuM. enuM nAma rasUlAbAda. ene pharate koTa Aje bhagna dazAmAM che. rAjamahAlanI jema A dharmamahAlane samUha AveluM che ne rAjagaDhanI jema ja bIjA daravAjAnI aMdaranI bAju zAhaAlama sAhebane roje che. lagabhaga 20,000 co.mITaranA kSetraphaLavALA A vistAramAM zAhaAlama sAhebane roje, bhajida ane jamAtakhAnuM eTalAM mukhya makAna che. zAhaAlama sAhebane roje emanA I.sa. 1475 mAM jannatanazIna thayA pachI tAjakhAM narapAlIe baMdhAvyo che. e 20 mITaranA cerasa upara racele che. bahAranI bAjunA caturamAM 28 ane aMdaranI bAjumAM ra0 staMbha che. baMne caturaDha vistAranI vacce aMtarAlapaDALI che. enI aMdarane cesa 12 staMbhovALo che. enA upara ghuMmaTa bAM che. cAre bAju daravAje che, pazcime mukhya daravAjAnI bAjumAM baMne bAju badhAM maLI cha jALIvALAM lAkaDAnAM kamADa che. rAjAnI jALInI kotaraNI uttama prakAranI che. ahIMnI jALIonI kotaraNI eTalI badhI vikhyAta hatI ke amadAvAda zaheramAM banatI zAhaAlamanI jALInI talasanI bhAtavALI jALInI vadhAre kiMmata UpajatI. kabaranI AsapAsa Arasane sarasa kotarelo kaTheDe che; joke enA paranA lAkaDAnI chatrIo akabaranA samayanI che ne pittaLanI jALIvALAM kamADa paNa pAchaLathI banAvelAM che. dakSiNanA dvAranI pazcima bAjue zAhaAlamathI pAMcamA saiyada jalAluddIna zAha AlamanI jALIvALI kabara che. A rojAthI lagabhaga 50 mITara dUra bIjA rojAmAM chaThThA pIra saiyada maphabUleAlamanI kabara che. emAM emanA

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15 muM] thA patyakIya mArake (57 vaMzajonI kaparo paNa che. aMdara pUrva bAjue saiyada mahabUbeAlamanI kabara che. mukhya kabaranI upara kadamarasUla sarIpha-pegaMbara sAhebanAM pavitra pagalAM che. A pagalAM dilhImAM jummA masjidamAM pagalAM che tenI nakala che ema kahevAya che. ahI bIjI ghaNuM kabara che. bIjA rojAnI dakSiNe medAna ane vAyavya masjida che. A masjidanI bAMdhaNI sIdI zahIdanI masjidanI bAMdhaNIne ghaNI maLatI Ave che. enI vizeSatA saltanata kAlanI bIjI majido karatAM e che ke emAM kamAnane eka ja staMbhamAMthI cAre bAju phelAtI batAvI che. jyAre salatanata kAlanI anya masjidomAM kamAnano bhAra vahana karanAra aMga tarIke ene upayoga thayo nathI. minArA pAchaLathI karelA che, medAnane IzAna khUNe meTuM jamAta khAnuM che. ema kahevAya che ke A jagAe zAhaAlama sAhebanA vakhatanuM eka dIvAnakhAnuM hatuM. chelle sulatAna mujhaphapharazAha 3 jAe hAlanuM dIvAnakhAnuM karAvyuM hatuM. pazcimI daravAjAnI bahAra Deka cheTe eka nAnakaDuM taLAva che; e tAjakhAMnI strIe baMdhAveluM mustaphAsara che. A samagra kempasamAM sahatanata kAlathI zarU thaI cheka mughala kAla sudhI temaja e pachIthI paNa thoDuM ghaNuM bAMdhakAma cAlyA ja karyuM che. IsanapuranI malika IsananI masjida (moTI masjida)-mahamUda begaDAe pitAnA mAlikone kadararUpe sArA evA vistAra ne gAma vasAvavAnI sagavaDa ApI hatI, temAM malika Isane Isanapura vasAvyuM ne tyAM masjida banAvarAvI. A masjidanI bAMdhaNI jotAM ene I.sa. 1460 nI pachIne mUkI zakAya. emAM ne dastUrakhAnanI masjidamAM ThIka ThIka samAnatA che. emAM minArA ke nakazI nathI chatAM bAMdhaNI sAdI ane AkarSaka che. rANI siprInI masjida--salatanata kAlanA sthApatyamAM najAkata ane Rju saudaryayukta pramAsaratA tathA AyojananI dRSTie nAnakaDI chatAM saMpUrNa evI A masjida mujhaphapharazAha 2 jAnA amala vakhate sulatAna mahamUda begaDAnA putra abubakarAnI mA rANI asanIe(Isa 1514 mAM badhAvI hovAnuM enA lekha parathI jaNAya che, "siprI' enuM bIjuM nAma lAge che. A masjida enI suMdaratAne kAraNe masjida-nagInA' kahevAya che (paTTa 25, A. 43). A masjidamAM kamAne nathI, paraMtu enI chata-racanAnI paddhati ati suMdara ane asAdhAraNanakazIkAmavALI che. ene cheDe be minArA karelA che. e zebhAnA ane nakkara che, paraMtu enI UMcAInuM je pramANasaranA dRSTisaMbaMdhane anurUpa

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458) satanata kAla vibhAjana karatAM valaya mUkelAM che te minArAne ati AkarSaka ane suMdara dekhADe che. rastA para paDatA jharUkhAmAM uttama nakazIkAma che nAnakaDI jagyAmAM eTaluM badhuM suracipUrNa Ayojana kareluM che ke ene uttama mAnavI paDe. baMne minArAnI UMcAIthI zarU karI daSThirekhAne eka minArAthI bIjA minArA sudhI laI jatAM nIcenA bhAga je rIte eka samagra rUpa dhAraNa kare che te sthApatyakIya saudaryanI daSTie atizaya mane ramya lAge che. ethI ja ene saMdaramAM suMdara masjida mAnavAmAM Ave che. A masjida amadAvAdamAM AoNDiyA cakalAmAM AvelI che. bAjumAM roje che, paNa masjidanA pramANamAM ghaNe bhAre che. joke enI kotaraNI ghaNe aMze masjidanI kotaraNI jevI thavAne prayatna kare che, chatAM e masjida jeTalI suMdara to na ja kahI zakAya. kahetulakuchanI masjida-amadAvAdamAM kAraMjamAM dakSiNa bAjue AvelI A masjida rANI siprInI masjidanA prakAranI che. emAMnA lekhamAM lakheluM che ke sulatAna mahamada(3 jA)nA samayamAM navakhAM, jene phaItumulkane IlkAba hato, teNe A majida hi.sa. 94pa(I.sa. 1538)mAM bAMdhI. vaTavAnI maMjida ane roja-kahevAya che ke prasiddha saMta saiyada jalAla bukhArInA pautra saiyada burahAnuddIna kutubelama sAheba amadAvAda vasyuM te vakhate AzAvalamAM rahelA, paNa e pachI vaTavAmAM AvI vaselA. emane roje jotAM e pAchaLathI thayelo lAge che, paNa rojAnI sAthenI masjidamAMnA lekha parathI e sjida hi.sa. 874 I.sa. 1469)mAM mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM badhAI hatI ema lAge che. rojAnI racanA majida sAthe maLatI AvatI nathI, paraMtu hAlamAMnA sikaMdaranA rAjAne temaja mahemadAvAdanA rasaiyada mubArakanA rAjane maLatI Ave che. dhoLakAnI khAna majida-- saMpUrNapaNe ITa ane cUnAmAM banAvelI A masjida aha5khAna bhakkAe baMdhAvI hatI. dariyA khAnane rejo, Ajhama muAjhamane roje ane A masjida gujarAtanA ITarI sthApatyanA zreSTha namUnAemAM gaNI zakAya. masjida khUba ja moTI che. 60 mITara jeTalI laMbAInI A majida enI viziSTa bAMdhaNI mATe ane enA uparanA cUnAmAM karelA nakazIkAma mATe khUba prazasya che. aMdarano vistAra 45 mITara413 mITara jeTaluM che ane ene traNa spaSTa oraDAomAM vaheMcI nAkhela che. A oraDAone vibhAjanI dIvAla 375 mITara jADI che ane vacce suMdara kamAna banAvelI che, jethI ekamAMthI bIjAmAM sahelAIthI jaI zakAya. AgaLanI ane pAchaLanI

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15 muM ] sthApatyakIya smAraka [59 dIvAlanI jADAI 175 mITara che ane AgaLanA bhAgamAM suMdara UMcI kamAno karelI che. jamInathI UMce ghuMmaTanA aMdaranA bhAganI UMcAI 1950 mITara che. miharAba UMDA ane cerasa che ne zuM maTe aMdarathI karelA che, ane siMbara nava pagathiyAnuM banAveluM che. mihAbanI baMne bAjue kamAnavALI bArI che ne emAM suMdara jALIkAma kareluM che. majidanA be cheDe UMcA minArA jAya che, jene AkAra zivaliMga jevo che. tyAM javA mATe bahAranI bAjuthI cheka sudhI laI jatAM pagathiyAM che. minArAnI Toca 25 mITara UMce che. samagra makAna cUnAnA lAsTamAM karela addabhuta nakazIkAmathI suzobhita che. masjidanA AgalA bhAgathI lagabhaga 95 mITaranA aMtare moTuM pravezadvAra che ane e 6 mITara samarasa che. enI pAchaLa khAna sarovara che, jene hajIya upayoga thAya che. Ane sattanata samayanA sthApatyanuM ratna gaNI zakAya, paraMtu enI joIe tevI kALajI levAtI nathI. dhoLakAnI jAmI garajada-amadAvAdamAMnA mahamUda begaDAnA samayanI majide sAthe susaMgatatA ane sAmya dharAvatI A masjida I.sa. 1485 pahelAM thaI haze ema lAge che. eka ja UMcAInI traNa kalAnevALI AvI bharijadamAM prakAza lAvavAnI vyavasthA uparanA bhAgamAM mALa karIne karelI che. marajadanA thAMbhalA sAdA che e uparathI ene navesarathI bharelA mAnavA paDe. gekhamAMnAM suzobhana paNa navIna prakAranAM che temaja enA uparanA bhAga paNa mizra prakAranA navesarathI ghaDelA jovA maLe che. ahIM agAunI maMdiranA bhAgano upayoga karavAnI paraMparA apanAvAI nathI, paraMtu enI takSaNapaddhati, pratIka temaja suzobhanarUpone navesarathI palaTAyelA saMdarbhamAM navA rUpamAM rajU karIne upaga karyo che eTale AmAM viziSTa prakAranI mizraNa-paddhati jovA maLe che. miharAbanA vaccenA bhAgamAM amRtakuMbha, praphula kamaLa uparAMta nIcenA bhAgamAM ADI zakarapArAnA rUpavALI paTTI navIna prakArano upayoga batAve che. uparAMta Akheya miharAba sugrathita rIte banAvela che, je enA dvAranI racanA ane nakazIkAma parathI joI zakAya chevaLI miharAbanA aMdaranA bhAgamAM laMbacorasa che, ardhavartuLake ardhaghaTraNa nathI. miharAbanA uparanA bhAgamAM jenA pratIka vaparAyAM che, paraMtu enA kAraNe bhAratIyatA ja anubhavavA maLe che. minArAmAM javA mATe dIvAlanI vaccethI sIDI kADhelI che. ahIM pAMca miharAba che ane niMbara hilAlakhAna kAjInI masjida je che; je ke AmAM mulukakhAnuM nathI e enI vizeSatA gaNAya. masjidanA cokamAM khule maMDapa che, jemAM maMdiranA thAMbhalAone upayoga karelo jovA maLe che.

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460), saltanata kAla [pra. cAMpAneranI jAmI masjida-gujanA majida-sthApatyane uttama namUno eTale caMpAneranI jAmA masjida (paSTa ra6, A. 44). cAMpAnera jitAI gayuM te pahelAM mahamUda begaDAe A masjida bAMdhavAnI zarUAta karAvI dIdhI hovAnuM kahevAya che. mahamUdanI umeda muhamadAbAdane bIju makkA banAvavAnI hatI, tethI a makkAnA jeTalI ja meTI sAta miharAbavALI jomI masjida eNe banAvaDAvI. bharijadanA livAnanI paheThaLa I karatAM laMbaI bevaDI che. enI pAchaLa vadhAre janasaMkhyA samAvavAne khyAla rAkhelo samajAya che. kula 11 moTA ghuMmaTavALI (levAnanI dRSTie) A moTAmAM meTI masjida kahI zakAya. stanI AjanA khUba suMdara che. pravezanI kamAnanI baMne bAju lagabhaga 32 mITara UMcA mi ArA che, je enI sAthe saMlagna dIvAla jeTalA UMcA ne uparathI chUTA che kamAnavALI dIvAlanI uparanA bhAgamAM kamAnanI barAbara upara jharUkho kare che. pAchalI bAju ene keMdrabhAga Ave che. vaccenA bhAgamAM be mALa karIne e vaDe prakAza lAvavA ane UMcAI vadhAravAne-mahattA vyakta karavAne sajAga prayana jovA maLe che. pravezadvAra 4.5 mITara pahoLuM che. jamIna para kula 17ra thAMbhalA che. vaccenA ghuMmaTane kalaza 18 mITara jeTale UMce che. taLiyAno stara jamInathI 075 mITara UMce che. keMdrane mALavALo bhAga lagabhaga 16 mITara jeTalI UMcAI sudhI laI javAmAM Ave che ane e samacorasa che. minArAmAM sAruM evuM nakazIkAma kareluM che. minArAmAM javAne raste dIvAlamAMthI sIdhe aMdara pesIne tarata ja zramarI-rUpamAM zarU thAya che. amadAvAdanI majidanI jema dIvAlanI jADAImAMthI sIdhAM pagathiyAMrUpe nahi, paNa dIvAlanA laMbAIvALA bhAgamAMthI ane e paNa kamAnatI dIvAlanI bAjumAMthI ja. Ama enI racanA judI paDe che. minArA amakAvAdanI masjido karatAM kula bevaDA karatAMya vadhAre UMcA he che chatA vadhu suMdara ke ghATIlA arthAta nA naramya nathI, paraMtu thoDA jaDasA prakAranA ane alaMkRta hovA chatAM RkSa ane jADA lAge che, jyAre bahAranI bAjue cAra khUNe banAvelA cAra TUMkA kadanA minArA hUThA jevA vadhAre lAge che. masjidamAM bAMdhakAmanI paddhatimAM kamAna-nirmANanI IrAnI paddhati keMdranA ghumaTamAM spaSTa dekhAya che. ghuMmaTamAM aMdaranI pAMsaLIo vadhu spaSTa alaMkRta karI mUkelI che dhuM maTanuM rUpa ekasarakhI jADAinuM che, jemAM roDAM ane koMkrITane surucikara siddhahasta rIte upayoga karavAmAM AvyuM che. bIjA mALanA ghumaTanI chatamAM mizra prakAranI asAdhAraNa suMdara kotaraNI jovA maLe che, jemAM bhAratIya ane IrAnI tanuM suMdara mizra khUba ja caturAIpUrvaka thayeluM jovA maLe che.

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15 su] sthApatyakIya smArakA [41 ahIMnI vizeSatA e che ke emAM kayAMya sAva mizragu karIne rUpa-pratIne saMmilita na karI detAM aMtenA vistAra judA rAkhI bate vacce AyeAjanA UbhI karI che. miharAba tulanAtmaka dRSTie sAdA lAgavA chatAM pramANasaranA suzAbhane vALe che te emAMya keMdramAMnuM praphulla padma ane amRtakalaza tathA zRMkhalAe| asAdhAraNa mRdutAthI kaMDAryA che. keMdrIya miharAba khAssA UDe che, jenA uparanA bhAga mizrarUpeAthI kaDAyela che, masjidanAM pravezadvAra paNa khUba ja suMdara rIte katarelAM che. masjidamAM suMdara jALIdAra mulukakhAnuM paNa che. dIvAlamAM 16 jALIvALI bArIe che ane bIjI baMne bAju me che. masjidanA bAMdhakAmanI eka khUbI e jovA maLe che ke ahIM pracalita bhAratIya bAMdhakAma paddhatine upayega karavA uparAMta keMdrIya 'maTa banAvavAmAM kamAnadArI racanApati(archated system)nA samajapUrvaka upayAga jovA maLe che; joke cAMpAneramAM bIjA makAnemAM paNa kayAMka kuthAMka nA upayAga jovAya che. cAMpAneranA rAjo-rAjA-sthApatyamAM saltanata kAlanuM zreSTha sarje ta gaNI zakAya tevA A rAjo cAMpAneramAM che. ene dhumaTa paDI gayeA che. vaLI e kaMI khAsa meTA paNa nathI, ane emAM praveza mATe cAre bAju eka eka kamAnavALuM dvAra che. kamAnanI uparanA bhAga atisuMdara nakazIvALA che. A nakazImAM suMdara nAnakaDA geAkhanI suzAbhanA uttama rIte karelI che ane suMdara bhalethI alakRta karelI che. sauthI vadhu suMdara teA enA sta Mbha che, je asAdhAraNa suMdara kalAtmaka gatizIla lacakadAra phUlapattInA rUpAMkanathI banAvela che. asAdhAraNa dakSatAthI kaMDArela A staMbho A rejAne sthApatyanA uttama namUnAnI hareALamAM mUke che, cAMpAneranI nagInA marijada--koTathI thoDeka dUra A masjida AvelI che. Ama te| jAmI masjida karatAM nAnI che, paraMtu kArIgarInI dRSTie sArI hovAthI nagInA' nAma paDeluM che. enA vaccenA bhAgamAM karelA minArA hajI hayAta che te khUba ja rasapUrvaka kaMDArelA che. enA gAmamAM uttama lacakadAra phUlapattInAM, amadAvAdamAM jovA maLatAM, rUpAMkana che. khaDiyera rAjo--e masjidanI sAme eka khaDiyera rAjo che. emAMnI jALIe nAza pAmI che. etI care,bAju cha tabhAvALI AcyAdita chatrIe pazcimanI bAju jarA AgaLa dhArelI che. vaccene maTa iTAneA khanele che, je hajIya jovA maLe che. AjubAjunA nAnA hyumara sAdA che.

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42 saltanata kAle, mahemadAvAda mubAraka saiyadane rejo-mahemadAvAdathI be kilomITara dUra pUrva dizAmAM se jAlI gAma pAse, 15 mI sadInA rAjAomAM vadhu AkarSaka e, mahamUda begaDAnA vajIra mubAraka saiyadane roje che te I.sa. 1484mAM baneluM che. enA thAMbhalA ThIka ThIka jADA che ane cAra cArane samUhamAM AjelA che. aMdaranA bAra thAMbhalA 1175 mITaranA corasa banAve che, jene jALIothI jaDelA che. A thAMbhalA keMdramAMne ghuMmaTane Teko Ape che. ghuMmaTanI racanA kamAnIkaraNanA prakAranI che. kabarane DhAMkanArA e staMbhonI saMkhyA 36 che. staMbha nIcethI kAtarelA ane vacce khUba sAdA che. ImArata 125 mITara jamInathI UMce che ane 30 mITara samacorasa viratAra roke che enI kamAne vALI paDALI bahu ja suMdara lAge che, jene sarakhejanA rAjA sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. imArata sAdI chatAM bhavyatApUrNa che ane enI pramANasaratA khAsa dhyAna kheMce tevI che. khaMbhAtanI umara bina ahamada ala kAjharUnInI kabara-kabarasthApatyanI dRSTie jUnAmAM jUnI hayAtI dharAvatI (I.sa. 1343 nI) A kabara (5da ra7, A. 45) khaMbhAtamAM AvelI che. enA upara sUrAo kotarelI che. A kabara enA majida bAMdhanAranI che. kabaranuM suzobhana sAruM ne su dara che. enA para arabImAM lekha kerele che. A vistAramAM bIjI cAra-pAMca kabara paNa che. sIdI zahIdanI masjida-amadAvAdanuM zreSTha jALIkAma dharAvatI ane ethI bhAratanA kalAtmaka namUnAomAM sthAna pAmelI A masjida lAla daravAjA pAse AvelI che. rANI siprInI masjida jevI nAnakaDI chatAM enA jevI ja najAkatavALI A masjida enI mukhya dIvAla paranI suMdara jALIone lIdhe sauthI vadhu prakhyAta che. bAMdhaNInI daSTie e enI kamAnanI racanA, chatanI racanA vagerene laIne pAchaLanA samayanI jaNAI Ave che. e racanApaddhatimAM sAraMgapuranI masjida sAthe ghaNuM sAmya dharAve che. akabaranA samayamAM e pUrI thaI hatI ema paNa have jANavA maLe che. 2 majidanA minArA sAdA paNa AkAranA che. aMdara prakAza lAvavA mATe mukhya dIvAla para mUkelI atizaya suMdara kotaraNIvALI jALIonA kAraNe enuM mahatva vadhyuM che ne e darzanIya banI che. marijadamAM e sivAya bIjI koI kAraNa nathI.

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15 muM] sthApatyakIya smArake [13 pAdaTIpa 1. samarAGgaNa, a. 10; aparAjitapRcchA, a. 72 2. sama., 3. 18; sA., ma. 70 3. sama, sa. 10; sA., pR. 172-182 4. sA., pR. 171, jI. 46 5. jhana, cho. 41-48 che. amadAvAdanI sthApanA mATenAM anya kAraNo mATe juo ra. bI. jeTa, gujarAtanuM pATanagara', pra. 2 ane pra 3. 7. ejana, pU. 25, juo upara pa. 59. 8. 2. bI. jeTa, gujarAtano sAMskRtika ItihAsa, islAmayuga', gu. sa. I. I. yu), khaMDa 2, pR. 583 6. M. S. Commissariat, History of Gujarat, Vol. I, p. 170 10. mirAte sikaMdarI (gujarAtI bhASAMtara), pR. 116, 2. mI. jeTa, gu. sAMI. I. yu, khaMDa 2, pR. 31 11. 2. bhI. jeTa, ejana, pR. 631-632 12. vigato mATe juo 2. mI. jeTa, gujarAtanuM pATanagara', pR. 4ra-pA. 13. ejana, pR. 43 14. ejana, pR. 51 15. ejana, pR. 617-18 16. ejana pR. 618 17. ejana, pR. 619 18. ejana, pU. 620-21 19. saMdarbha mATe juo K. F. Sompura, Structural Temples of Gujarat, pp. 199 ff, ane i. vi. trivedI, gujarAtanA muslimakAlIna saMskRta abhi lekhomAMthI maLatI mAhitI', prakaraNa 6, khaMDa 1-2. 20, K. H. Sompura, op. cit., p. 200. ra1. ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva, "somanAtha', pR. 16ra rara. H. Cousens, Somanatha and Other Mediaeval Temples in Kathiawad, p. 29 che. sAMkaLiyA A maMdirano hiraNyAnA kAMThe AmraghaTA vacce AvelA sUryamaMdira tarIke nirdeza kare che (Archaeology of Gujarat, pp. 91-92), paraMtu A maMdira triveNI pAse AveluM che. enA zikhara tathA sAmaraNanA naSTa bhAgenA sthAne navI racanA karI hAla ene pUrNa AkAra ApavAmAM Avyo che. 247 93 Architectural Antiquities of Northern Gujarat(ASWI, Vol. IX)mAM je sUryamaMdiranuM taladarzana ApyuM che (pR. 74) te paNa A ja maMdira che. zrI DhAMkI tathA zrI harizaMkara zAstrI emAM mukhacatuSkInuM kalpanAyukta Alekhana umerAyAnuM dhAre che (sUryamaMdira vizeSAMka', pR. 5, pAdaTIpa), paraMtu kAhasese ApelA pheTegrAphamAM mukhacatukIne samAveza thayela che ja-saM.

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satanata kAla jhi, 23. K. F. Sompura, p. citpp. 201f. zrI madhusUdana DhAMkI tathA zrI harizaMkara zAstrI triveNe pAsenA A maMdirane purANokta akasthala tarIke oLakhAve che ne enI racanA 11 mI sadInA trIjA caraNamAM thaI hovAnuM dhAre che (The Chronology of the Solanki Temples of Gujarat, Journal of the Madhya Predesh Itihasa Parishad, No. 3, pp. 74 ff; 36117 pATaNanAM prAcIna sUryamaMdira', "sUrya maMdira vizeSAMka', pR. 92-93), 24. Da sAMkaLiyAe A maMdiranuM nirUpaNa karyuM nathI, zrI DhAMkI tathA zrI harizaMkara zAstrIe enuM nirUpaNa karyuM che ("sUryamaMdira vizeSAMka', , 94). teo ene purANakta nAgarAdityanA maMdira tarIke oLakhAve che. 24. Cousens, op. cit., p. 30 24. Cousens, op. cit., pp. 47 ff; Sompura, op. cit., pp. 203 f. 79. Burgess and Cousens, Architectural Antiquities of Northern Gujarat, p. 99; Sankalia, op. cit., pp. 111 f, Sompura, op. cit., pp. 207 ff. ra8. jayaMtavijayajI, "Abu', bhA. 1, pR. 6; Sompura, op. cit, pp. 208f. Re. Sompura, op. cit., p. 210 30. jayaMtavijayajI, "Aba', bhA. 1, pra. 7; Sompura, op. cit, pp. 213 f, 39. P. A. Inamdar, Some Archaeological Finds in the Idar State, p. 22; Sompura, 0p. cit, pp. 214 f 32. Annual Report of the Archaeological Department, Baroda State, 1928, pp. 8 f; Sompura, op. cit, p. 216 33. Inamder, op. cit., p. 30; Sompura, op. cit., pp. 217 f. 34-37. H. Goetz, "Pavagadh-Champaner' Journal of the Gujarat Research Society, Vol. XI, No. 2, pp. 54 ff.; Sompura, op. cit, pp. 218 f. 3.. Annual Report of Archaeological Department, Baroda State, 1935-36, p. 12; Sompura, op. cit, pp. 219 f. 39, vigato mATe juo Sompura, op. cit, p. 220, p. 58/b, 40. Sompura, op. cit., p. 533 41. Ibid, pp. 534 . 42. Ibid., p. 535 43-47. Ibid, p. 535 48. Ibid., p. 536 49. jue graMtha 4. pR 489-495 pa. juo upara pR. 400,

Page #496
35 su'] sthApatyakIya gArI 45 51. jue Burgess, Archaeological Survey of Western India, Vol.VI, pls. XXVII, XLV, LIX; pattubhAI bhaTTa, 'sulatAnAnI svataMtra sultanatanI gujarAtamAM sthApanA pahelAnu` muslima sthApatya', "vidyApITha", pu. 7, pR. 160-161, 52. Burgess, op. cit., p. 20, pl. II 53-54. Ibid., p. 23 55. vigatA mATe jue pattubhAI bhaTTa, 'amadAvAdanI masjideAnA hAlatA minArA', "vidyApIDa", pu. 6, pR. 129-139. 56. Burgess, Muslim Architecture of Ahmedabad, Part 1, pl. XV pachaDA, harilAla gaudAnI, madhusUdana DhAMkI, harizaMkara prabhAzaMkara zAstrI, mahisAne nadI ane brAhma pratimAe', 'svAdhyAya'', pu. 6, pR. 369 58. 2. bhI. teTa, gusAMi iyu, khaMDa 2, pR. 492 59. ejana, kha'Da 2, pR, 606 60. jUnAgaDhamAM hajIya khAmadhroLanA daravAjo che. 61. 2. bhI. joTa, gusAMi iyu, khaMDa 2, pR. 612 6ra. enjana, khaMDa 4, pR. 938 - 5-30 *

Page #497
prakaraNa 16 zilpakRtio selaMkI kAlamAM vikasita zilpaulIne 13 mI sadInA aMtamAM rAjyAzraya maLatuM baMdha thatAM keTalAka zilpI mevADa vagere pradezamAM gayA ane tyAM rANA kuMbhAnA samayamAM viziSTa zi95zailI pragaTAvI. bIjI bAju keTalAka zilpIone gujarAtanA dhanavAna madhyama varga dvArA protsAhana maLatAM emaNe gharamaMdire ane ghara suzobhanamAM temaja aravalalI giranAra zatru jaya vagere yAtrAdhAmomAM devAlayonA jIrNoddhAramAM tathA navAM devAlaya bAMdhavAmAM potAnI kalAne pravAha jIvato rAkhyo. vaLI A zi9pIoe gujarAtanA sulatAnanA protsAhanathI muslima sthApatya kalAmAM paNa nipuNatA meLavI ane emAM potAnI zi95sajAvaTakalA pAtharI. AthI viziSTa prakAranI hiMdu-musilama zilpazailI vikasI, jemAM phUlavela ane bhaumitika AkRtionuM rUpAMkana manohara banyuM. A viziSTa zilpazailIne laIne A samayanuM islAmI ane nAgarika sthApatya manahara banyuM ane devAlayomAM temaja gharasuzobhanamAM paNa ene viziSTa sthAna maLyuM. samaya jatAM emAMthI viziSTa prakAranI kASThakalAne vikAsa thaze. bAramA saikAnA pUrvArdhathI gujarAtanuM hiMdu tathA jaina mUrtividhAna vizeSataH "aparAjita-pRcchAne anusaratuM hoya ema e samaya ane e samaya pachInI sevya ane zRMgAra pratimAo tathA datara zilpakRtio nIrakhavAthI spaSTa thAya che. gujarAtanI muslima salatanatanA keTalAka sulatAne dharmajhanUnI hovAthI e sulatAnonA kAlamAM hiMdu temaja jaina maMdiranuM bAMdhakAma ghaNuM aMze aTakI paDayuM hatuM, tethI hiMdu tathA jaina zilpakRtionuM kotarakAma ghaNuM ja ochuM thayuM, chatAM A samayamAM gujarAtanAM keTalAMka hiMdu rajavADAMonI ANa nIcenA pradezamAM keTalAMka hiMdu tathA jaina maMdira baMdhAyAM. vaLI A samaye vAva kUvA kuMDa kuMDavAva ane vAva jevAM lekopayogI bAMdhakAma moTA pAyA para thayAM. jema manuSyanuM kadarUpApaNuM DhAMkavA mATe ene sArAM zRMgAra ane AbhUSaNethI zaNagAravAmAM Ave che tema vAghelAkAla ane e pachInA samayamAM kotarAyela mUrtio mAM jIvaMtatA ochI thaI tyAre mUrtionA zRMgAra vadhavA lAgyA. vaLI

Page #498
kao 16 muM) zilpakRtio emAM rathAnika ta paNa vadhatAM gayAM. mUrtione goThavavA mATenA gavAkSanuM kotarakAma vadhAre paDatuM jhINuM ane sajAvaTI banyuM. sAbarakAMThA jillo gujarAtanI satanatamAMthI ghaNe bhAge mukta rahyo hato, tethI A kAla daramyAna tyAM saMkhyAbaMdha maMdiro vA kuMDo kuMDavAvo, taLAvo vagerenAM bAMdhakAma thayAM. tyAMnAM IDara vagere rajavADAMone mevADa sAthe vizeSataH saMbaMdha hato. prastuta kAla daramyAna A jillAmAM je bAMdhakAma thayAM teomAM gujarAtamAMthI mevADamAM jaI vaselA somapurA zilpIoe mahatvano bhAga bhajavyo. rAjasthAnanA DuMgarapura talavADA vAMsavADA adhUNA ane kesariyA mAM rahetA somapurA zilpIonA hAtha nIce sAbarakAMThA vibhAgamAM salatanata kAla daramyAna saMkhyAbaMdha zilpakRtionuM sarjana thayuM. gujarAtamAMthI rAjasthAnamAM jaI vaselA somapurA zilpIoe Ama te gujarAtanI zilpa-para parA jALavI rAkhI hatI, paNa e za9pIo ghaNe samaya rAjasthAnamAM rahela hovAthI emanA hAthe thayela zi9 kRtiomAM, khAsa karIne mUrtinA zRMgAra ane AbhUSaNamAM, rAjasthAnI asara thayela jovA maLe che. AvI asara sajAvaTI zilpomAM vizeSa jovA maLe che. gujarAtamAM muslima zAsana sthapAyA pachI rAjasthAnanA DuMgarapura vAMsavaDA talavADA kesariyA vagere vAgaDanA vibhAgamAM jaI vaselA semapurA zipIonA hAtha e pradezamAMthI nIkaLatI nIlI marakata zilA (pArevo paththara). upara vizeSa jAmI gayA ane emaNe pratimAo marakata zilAomAMthI kotaravA mAMDI. marakata zilA ketarakAmamAM mAkhaNa jevI picI hovAthI temaja enA panuM kotarakAma cho parizrame suMvALapa pakaDatuM heIne AvI zilAomAMthI DuMgarapurI semapurA zi9pIone hAthe A kAlanI kula pratimAonA lagabhaga 40 TakA jeTalI pratimAo marakata zilAmAMthI kotarAyelI hovAnuM eka sarvekSaNane AdhAre jaNAyuM che. e pradezamAM paNa saMkhyAbaMdha sevya ane zRMgAra pratimAo kotarAI caMdrAvatI temaja abuMda-maMDalamAM vasatA keTalAka samapurA zilpIone hAtha ArasanA zilpakAma upara vizeSa jAmI gayela temaja gujarAtamAM vasatA somapurA zilpIo dareka jAtanA paththara upara kAma karI zakatA, AthI gujarAtanA zilpakAmane salatanata kAlamAM marakata zilAmAMthI kAma karatA DuMgarapurI semapurA, abuMda-maMDalamAM Arasa upara kAma karatA semapurA ane sthAnika somapurA, ema traNa vargane samapurAone lAbha maLyo.

Page #499
418] satanata kAla . saltanata kAlamAM hiMdu temaja jaina mUrtionuM kotarakAma sela kI kAlanA hisAbe mAMDa 25 TakA jeTaluM thayuM haze ema lAge che. AvI zikRtiomAMnI amuka kRtio selaMkIkAlIna praNAlikA jALavIne thaI hoya ema e kAlanAM bAMdhakAma jotAM anumAna karI zakAya. utarAyelI keTalIka hiMdu tathA jaina mUrtio gujarAtanA judA judA bhAgomAM jovA maLe che. hiMdu mUrtiomAM viSNunAM judAM judAM avatArI ane aMza svarUpanI mUrtio, kRSNanI mUrti, rAma lakSmaNa ane jAnakInI mUrtio, aSTabhujathI mAMDIne visabhuja viSNamUtio. lakSmI-nArAyaNa, umA-maheza ane brahmA-sAvitrInI matio vagere ghaNA aMze DuMgarapurI marakta zilAmAthI ketarAyela jovA maLe che. jene nA tIrtha kara pArzvanAthanI saMkhyAbaMdha mUrtie gujarAtanAM judAM judAM jaina maMdiromAMthI maLI AvI che, je A kAlamAM kotarAyelI che. AmAMnI keTalIka mUrti enI nIce lekha paNa kotarAyelA che. sa81nata kAla daramyAna kotarAyelI judA judA devanI mUrti khaMbhAta najIkanA metapura gAmanA aMbAjInA maMdiramAM mukAyelI brahmA-sAvitrI tathA lakamanArAyaNanI yugma pratimAo, kheDabrahmA tAlukAnA gaDhaDA-zAmaLAjInA maMdiramAM mukAyelI zAmaLAjInI 5-10" UMcI pratimA, IDara zahera najIkanA delavADA gAmanI vAvamAM mukAyelI trivikrama viSNunI pratimA jenI nIce saMvata 1412(I.sa. 1355-56)nI sAlane ullekha thayela che, peTalAdanA prephesara davenA ghara maMdiramAM mUkela trivikrama viSNunI pratimA jenI nIce saMvata 151ra(I.sa. 145556)ne lekha kotarAyela che, pATaNa tAlukAnA aDiyA gAmanA dUdhezvara mahAdevanA maMdiranI bAjunI dIvAlamAM mukAyela umA-mahezanI yugya pratibhA ane gaMgAjInI vADInI caturdazabhuja viSNupratimA khAsa nedhavAlAyaka gaNAya. prabhAsa pATaNa ane thAnanAM sUryamaMdira, junA DIsA gAmamAM Avela siddhAMbikA mAtAnuM maMdira, sAbarakAMThA jillAnA vijayanagara najIkanA jaMgalamAM AvelAM zivazakti tathA viSNu paMcAyata maMdira, gaDhavADAmAM AvelAM kaMkIvAsa, najIkanAM viSaNu tathA zaiva maMdira, kheDabrahmA tAlukAnA moTA pozInAnuM nIlakaMThezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira, vaDanagaranuM hATakezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira, jUnAgaDhanA dAdara kuMDanA kAMThA uparanA dAmodarajInA maMdirano keTaleka bhAga, paMcamahAla jillAnA saMtarAmapuramAM Avela viSNumaMdira tathA zivamaMdira, jhAlAvADanA dhrAMgadhrA vibhAgamAM Avela jUnI kaMkAvaTI nagarInuM saMbalezvara mahAdevanuM zivamaMdira, zatruMjaya giranAra

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16 mu] zilpakRtio [4} ane taLAjAnI TekarIo uparanAM keTalAMka jaina maMdira vagere uparanuM pikAma tema rUpakAma khAsa te dhavAlAyaka gaNAya. A kAlanI vAAmAM hiMdu deva-devIe temaja mAnave ke prANIonAM zilpa kAtaravAnA rivAja lagabhaga baMdha thaI gayA hateA, chatAM rAI kAI vAvamAM tathA zRMgArakakSAnAM kakSAsanenI vedikAomAM keTalIka nAnI devamUrti kAtarAyelI jovA maLe che. aDAlajanI vAvanI bhamatInI dvArazAkhA upara ketarAyela navagrahetA paTTa tathA vedikA upara kAtarAyela devamUrtie A vAtanI sAkSI Ape che. A samayanI koI kaMI vAvanA gavAkSeAmAM vAghanI nAnI zilpakRti kotarAyela jovA maLe che, aDAlajanI vAvamAM AvI keTalIka zilpakRtie dekhAya che. seAlaMkI kAlathI zipasamRdva banela gujarAte zilpakAma mATe vAva kUvA kuMDa kuMDavAra taLAnA evArA-puradvArA tAraNA cokIe! parabaDIe pakSe samAdhimadirA mahAlayA vageremAM anekavidha zilpakAma karyu che. e kAlanA bacI gayelA namUnA jotAM e samayanI gujarAtatI zikSasamRdvene khyAla AvI zake che. devapratimAo A kAlanI, khAsa karIne 14mI sadInI, deva-pratimAe sAlakI para parAne anusaratI jaNAya che, pagu 15 mI sadIthI enAM lAkakalAnAM tattva umera ta jovA maLe che. A lAkakalAnAM tattva 1ra mIthI 15mI sadI daramya.na gujarAtanAM rAjapUta rAjgyAnA vistAramAM maLI AvatA, vizeSataH vaDanagara DabhAI ane saurASTranA, sa MkhyAbaMdha pALiyA para jovA maLe che. 2 devanAo ane viziSTa vyaktionI mAnava-AkR taonAM zilpa nAjuka ane suMdara banyAM che, paNa emAM dehanI sapramANatA ane AbhUSaNeAnA dhATa barAbara samane upasAvelA jo! maLatA nathI; dA.ta. A samayanA mukuTa have tAkadAra TApI jevA banatA jAya che ane kuMDaLa paNa kAna karatAM ghA me TA kadanAM banyAM che. ahIM dRSTAMtarUpe keTalAMka mUrtizikSAnuM vadhuna prastuta che : khaMbhAtanA roDajI maMdiramAMthI maLelI ane sthAnika ArTsa ane sAyansa *lejanA myu.jhayamamAM surakSita brahmA-sAvitrInI traNa pratimAe paikInI eka 14 mI sadInA lekha dharAve che. sapheda ArasamAMthI kaMDArelI A pratimAmAM lalitAsanamAM beThelA brahmAnA DAbA kheALAmAM sAvitrI kheDela che. brahma e nIcenA DAbA huM tha vaDe sAvitrIne AliMgana ApyuM che. emaNe upalA DAbA hAthamAM pustaka, jamaNA hAthamAM sra ane nIcalA jamA hAthamAM kamaMDaLa dhAraNa karyAM che. bhuja

Page #501
'ka70] saltanata kAla [pra. sAvitrIe jamaNA hAtha vaDe brahmAne AliMgana ApyuM che, jyAre DAbA hAthamAM kamaLakaLI dhAraNa karI che. mUrtinI nIcenA bhAgamAM DAbI bAjue vAhana haMsa kaMDArela che. brahma -sAvitrI baMnee bhAre alaMkAra dhAraNa karyA che. khaMbhAtanI nAnI paLamAM vIrezvara maMdiramAM umAmahezvaranI mane hara mUrti (paTTa 28, A. ka6) jovA maLe che. lalitAsanamAM beThelA zivanA DAbA usaMgamAM dvibhuja pArvatI beThAM che. zive emanA upalA hAthamAM trila ane DAbA hAthamAM sarpa pheNa dhAraNa karela che. emanA nIcalA jamaNA hAthamAM bIjapUraka che, jyAre nIcalI DAbA hAtha vaDe pArvatIne AliMgana ApyuM che. pArvatInA DAbA hAthamAM darpaNa che ane jamaNo hAtha zivanA khabhA para Tekavelo che. zive jaTAmukuTa ane pArvatIe mukuTa dhAraNa karyo che. baMnee kaThe, kaTi para, hAtha ane page alaMkAra dhAraNa karyA che. naMdI paNa alaMkArothI vibhUSita che. devanI bane bAjue eka eka anucara Ubho che. A pratimA 14 mI sadInI hovAnuM jaNAya che. sAbarakAMThA jillAmAM paLAnA vanavistAramAM Avela abhApuranA sAraNezvara maMdiramAM eka gavAkSamAM aMdhakAsuravadha karatA zivanI mUrti kaMDArelI che (5TTa 29, A. 47). deva pitAnA cAra hAtha paikI upalA DAbA ane nIcalA jamaNA hAtha vaDe pakaDelA trizuLathI rAkSasane mAratA jaNAya che. emanA upalA jamaNe hAthamAM sarpa che, jyAre nIcalo DAbe hAtha khaMDita che. zive DAbo paga eka rAkSasanA mAthA para mUkyo che. e rAkSase ane enI bAjumAM UbhelA bIjA rAkSase zivanI tarapha pitAnAM Ayudha ugAmelAM che. zivanA dehane gatiyukta banAvavAmAM kalAkArane saphaLatA maLI che. A vistAramAM AvelA AtarasuMbA pAsenA sUryamaMdiranI dIvAla para tAMDava karatA zivanuM ghaNI jagyAethI khaMDita ane khavAI gayeluM zilpa che. emAM devanI deha emanuM sAmarthya vyakta kare che. A viratAranA abhApunA zivazaktimaMdiramAM eka ta bha 2 caturbhuja trinetradhArI zivanI UbhI mUrti noMdhapAtra che (paTTa 29, A. 48). emanA mastaka para karaDa-mukuTa che. devanA upalA jamaNA hAthamAM daMDa ane DAbA hAthamAM saMbhavata: trizala che. nIcalA DAbA hAthe pakaDelA patra para jamaNuM nIcalA hAtha vaDe ziva lakhI rahyA che. zivanA DAbA hAthe sapa vIMTaLAyele che, karNa kaMTha kaTa kara ane paga para bhAre alaMkAro jovA maLe che. devanA jamaNA paga pAse emanA vahina naMdInI nAnI AkRti kaMDArelI che. patra lakhatA zivanuM A zi95 gujarAtamAM ane kadAca bhAratabharamAM virala che.

Page #502
16 muM] zilpakRtio khaMbhAtanI ArTasa ane komarsa kolejanA myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta vigaNanI 14 mI sadInI eka pratimA naMdhapAtra che. mukhAkRtine DAbe bhAga ane pagane vacalo bhAga tUTI gayo che. viSNu sIdhA samapAda sthitimAM UbhA che. upalA jamaNA hAthamAM gadA ane DAbA hAthamAM cakra dhAraNa karela che. nIcale jamaNo hAtha payukta abhaya mudrAmAM che, jyAre DAbA hAthamAM zaMkha dhAraNa karyo che. A prakAra viSaNunuM trivikrama svarUpa sUcave che, je gujarAtamAM "raNachoDajI" tarIke oLakhAya che. deve mAthA para kirITamukuTa dhAraNa karyo nathI, paNa emanA vALa jaTAbaMdha zailIe bAMdhyA che, jenI zeramAM muktAmALAe gUthelI che. deve bhAre ratnakuMDaLa paheryA che, kaMThahAra kaMkaNa kaTibaMdha kaTimekhalA ane yajJopavIta dhAraNa karela che. emanI chAtI upara kaustubha maNinuM cihna kareluM che. viSNunI jamaNI bAjue nIcenA bhAgamAM kaI devInI AkRti kaMDArelI che, jenuM kevaLa adhuM mastaka jovA maLe che. devIne kezalApa viziSTa rIte gUMthelo che. mUrtimAM viSNunI DAbI bAjuno bhAga naSTa thayo che, jemAM saMbhavata: pratihArInI AkRti kaMDArelI haze. trivikama viSaNanI koI maMdiramAM sthApelI A sevya pratibhA hovAnuM jaNAya che. vaDanagaranA hATakezvara maMdiramAM masyAvatAra viSNunuM zilpa che, te enA zAstrIya pratibhA-vidhAnano sarasa namUno pUro pADe che. AmAM javA sudhIne bhAga manuSpAkAra ane enI nIcenA bhAga masyAkAra banAvyo che. cAra hAtha dharAvatA devanA upalA jamaNA hAthamAM gadA ane DAbA hAthamAM cakra che, jyAre nIcale jamaNe hAtha zaMkhayukta varada mudrAmAM ane DAbA hAtha padmayukta varada mudrAmAM che. devane manuSyadeha viSNunA badhA alaMkArothI ane kirITa-mukuTathI suzobhita che. viSaNue nIcalA zaMkhayukta hAtha vaDe nIce hAtha joDIne beThelA bhaktane sparza karyo che. amadAvAdanA gujarAta vidyAsabhA ane bho. je. vidyAbhavananA purAvastusaMgrahAlayamAM saMgRhIta dazAvatAra viSamunI svAmazilApratimA (paTTa 30, A. 49) viziSTa che. caturbhuja viSNunA upalA jamaNe hAthamAM gadA ane upalA DAbA hAthamAM caka che. nIcale jamaNe hAtha varada mudrAmAM che. emanI hatheLI khaMDita hAI emAM padmacihna dekhAtuM nathI. nIcalo DAbe hAtha pUro khaMDita che. devanA mastaka pharatuM kamalAkRti prabhAmaMDala jovA maLe che. emaNe mastaka para kirITa-mukuTa, kAnamAM kuMDala, gaLAmAM vanamALA ane hAra, yajJopavIta, bAjubaMdha kAMDA para berakhA, chAtI para kaustubha-lAMchana, keDa para kaTibaMdha ane kaTimekhalA dhAraNa karela che.

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[31. 42 saltanata kAla nIcenA bhAgamAM emanI parivAra devatAe nAnA kadamAM kaMDArelI che. viSNunI e bAjue nAnA pAMca pAMca ceArasamAM dasa avatArAnAM zilpakaDArelAM che, jemAMne krama ekAMtare jamaNA-DAmA ema pharatA rahe che. jamaNI bAju nIcethI matsya svarUpe matsyAvatAra, enI upara anukrame caturbhuja varAha avatAra, dvibhuja gadAdhArI vAmana avatAra, enI upara e hAthavALA parazudhArI parazurAma ane cheka upara yAgamudrAmAM yuddha kheThelA che, jyAre DAbI bAju nIce kUrmAMvatAra-sUcaka kAco, enI upara cAra hAthavALA nRsi Mha, enI para dhanurdhArI rAma, enI upara daMDadhArI kRSNa ane enI upara dhoDesavAra kakinI AkRti kaMDArelI che. samagra zilpa sevya pratimA hovAnuM sUcana kare che. A mUrti 14 mI sadInI hovAnuM jaNAya che saurASTra yunivarsiTI(rAjakoTa)nA ItihAsa-vibhAgamAM surakSita vAsudeva( veNugApAla )nuM pASANu-zilpa teAMdhapAtra che ( paTTe 30, A 50). AmAM vAsudeva kRSNanuM viSNunA avatAra tarIke nirUpaNa thayeluM che. kRSNane cAra hAtha che te paikInA AgaLanA be hAtha vaDe meralI dhAraNa karI che, pAchaLanA DAbA hAthamAM zaMkha ane jamaNA hAthamAM cakra che. kRSNanI baMne bAju nAnA kadane eka eka geApa UbhelA che. emAM DAkhI bAjunA gApanA mastakanI uparanA bhAgamAM gadA kaDAyelI che. viSNunA hAthamAM padma hAya che ema mAnI ahIM e adhyAhAra rakhAyu jaNAya che. kRSNanA DAbA skaMdha pAse khIna nAmanuM vAjiMtra kaMDAreluM che. kRSNanA DAbheA paga, jejamaNI bAjue lakhAvIne mAgaLanA pahoMcA para TekavelA che, tenI pAse kRSNanAM priya geDIdaDA jovA maLe che. muralI pakaDelA e hAthanI vacce raNuzI gu` lAge che. kRSNanA mastaka para TIpI jevA dhAranA mukuTa che. emanI DAkhI bAjue nIcenA bhAgamAM gAya UMcuM mukha rAkhIne veNunAda sAMbhaLatI batAvI che. kRSNe ene hAthathI spezI rahyA che. khate bAjunA geApa hAtha joDIne stuti karatA UbhA che. kRSNanA mukha para samAhaka hAsya ane gAya tathA geAvALanAM mukheA para AtmasamarpaNuMnA bhAva abhivyakta thayA che. mUrtinI pALanA bhAgamAM vi. sa', 1597 nA lekha kAtarelA che. kRSNa ane geAvALAnI mukhAkRti, temanAM vezabhUSA, kRSNanA mukuTa vagere para lAkakalAnA prabhAva spaSTapaNe jovA maLe che.pa kizanagaDha(ji. sAbarakAMThA)mAM AvelA eka nAnA maMdiranI chatamAM saMbhavataH 15 mI sadInuM nAgadamananuM zilpa aMkita thayuM che. enA madhya bhAgamAM cAra hAthavALA kRSNe nAganI pITha para savAra thayelA jovA maLe che. na gayuM uttamAMga manuSyanuM che. enu lAMbuM sapuccha kRSNa ane nAgane madhyamAM rAkhIne emane krUratAM graMthiyukta suMdara Avatana race che. kRSNa ane nAgane pharatI ane nAganAM

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zilpakRtio [473 Avatane sAthe potAnAM sarpAkAra aMgothI manahara ra te gUMthAyelI ATha nAgaNI paNa uttama mAnavanuM dharAve che. nAga ane nAgaNIoe hAtha joDelA che. samagra dazya kalAtmaka ane ramya lAge che.' dhoLakAnA varAha maMdiramAM rAkhelI ArasanI garuDamUrti noMdhapAtra che. vi.saM. 1414(I.sa. 1357-58)nI sAlane lekha dharAvatI A mUrtimAM vIrAsanamAM beThelA garuDe hAtha joDelA che. eNe sarpanuM kaTisUtra ane kaMThahAra dhAraNa karela che. enAM bhAre jaDabAM 14 mI-15 mI sadInI jaina pratibhAomAM jovA maLatA A prakAranA valaNa tarapha nirdeza kare che. e A kAlanI sUryamUrtio jUja saMkhyAmAM maLI Ave che. emAM vaMthaLInuM sUryaparikara ane vAvaDInI sUrya sUryANInI pratimA nedhapAtra che. vaMthaLI( ji. jUnAgaDha)mAMthI maLI Avela traNa TukaDe vaheMcAyela sUryaparikara jUnAgaDha myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. parikaramAM 11 mUrya kaMDArela che. uparanA bhAgamAM madhya goLamAM kaMDArelA mukhya sUryane cha hasta che, jemAMnA ekamAM varadamudrA, bIjA pAMcamA tathA chaThThAmAM padma, trIjAmAM kaMIka arapaSTa ane cethAmAM biruM che. sUrya sAta azvo vaDe kheMcAtA rathamAM ukAsanamAM beThela che. sUryanI baMne bAjue gekhanI bahAranA bhAgamAM aMdhakAranuM bhedana karatI uSA ane pratyuSAnI AkRtio karelI che. emanI bAjunA gokhamAM samabhaMga UbhelA sUrya che. emanA paga pAse baMne tarapha pratihAra UbhA che. ghaTikAnA zi95 nIcenA gokhamAM paNa sUrya kaMDArelA che. enI bAjumAM bahAranA bhAgamAM baMne tarapha apsarAo ane makaramukha katarelAM che. parikaranA madhyabhAgathI saheja baMne bAjunA babbe gokhamAM ekeka sUve che, emAMnA nIcenA gokhanI bahAra be devAMganA prAthanA mudrAmAM jovA maLe che. samagra parikarane phUlavelanI bhAtathI sajAveluM che. A sajAvaTa ane parikara paranA lekhanA lipi-maDa parathI A zilpa 14mI sadInuM hevAnuM manAya che." jUnAgaDha myujhiyamamAM A uparAMta 14 mI sadInA manAtA bIjA be sUryaparikara paNa sacavAyA che. - rAjakoTa jillAmAM bhAyAvadara pAse AvelA vAvaDI gAmamAMthI maLI AvelI ane rAjakoTanA voTsana myujhiyamamAM surakSita sUrya ane sUryANInI be mUrti uttara-madhyakAlanI AthamatI kalAnuM svarUpa darzAve che. sUryanI mUte samabhaMga sthitimAM che. devanA mastaka para aSTakoNa kirITa-mukuTa, kAnamAM kuMDaLa, baMne hAthamAM pUrNa vikasita padma, gaLAmAM muktAmALA, aMga upara AchuM

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474] satanata kAla uttarIya ane kaTi para sarasa rIte goThaveluM kaTivastra, enA paranI kaTimekhalA ane pagamAM ghUMTaNa sudhInAM upAna zobhe che. devanA mukha para prazAMta bhAva prasarI rahyo che. mastakanA pAchaLanA bhAgamAM prabhAvalI AlekhAI nathI. sUryane parivAra devatAomAM paga pAse jamaNI bAjue devI nizrubhA tathA pratihArI piMgaLanI ane DAbI bAjue devI rAjJI ane pratihArI daMDanI nAnI AkRtio kaMDArelI che. niSNubhAnA DAbA hAthamAM ane rAjJInA jamaNA hAthamAM mRNAladaMDa zobhe che. sUryANInI mUrti paNa samabhaMgamAM che. devInA zira para aSToNa kirITamukuTa, khabhA sudhI laTakatAM suMdara kapura, kaMThamAM muktAmALA, pIna payodharo. vacce AkarSaka rIte goThavAyelAM uttarIya, kaTivastra ane enI paranI kaTimekhalI, jamaNA hAthamAM pUrNa vikasita padma ane DAbA hAthamAM kalaza che. devInA hAthamAM bijerAne badale kaLAnuM Alekhana karyuM che te viziSTa che. devInA mukha para saumyatAne bhAva prasaratA jovA maLe che. enI baMne bAjumAM kaMDArelI padma dhArI pratihArI tathA paricArikAonI AkRtio suMdaratAmAM vadhAro kare che. lakSaNenI daSTie A mUrtio I.sa.nI 14mI sadInA aMtana ke 15 mI sadInI hovAnuM manAya che. thAnanA junA sUryamaMdiramAM zyAma zilAnI banelI sUrya saMjJA ane chAyAnI traNa pratimAo manohara che. traNeya devatAoe potAnA baMne hAthamAM kamaLa-nALa dhAraNa karela che. sUryanA mastakane pharatuM prabhAmaMDaLa kaMDAreluM che. A pratimA enI Aje pUjA thatI hovAthI emanI mULa vezabhUSA arvAcIna vastro nIce DhaMkAI jAya che. prabhAsapATaNamAM A kAlanAM manAtAM be sUryamaMdiranI dIvAlo para sUryanI paraMparAgata zailInI mUrtio coDelI jovA maLe che. ahIMthI maLelI keTalIka sUrya pratimAo prabhAsapATaNa myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. A badhI mUrtio khaMDita avasthAmAM che. paLo vistAranA abhApuranA zivazakti maMdiramAMthI maLelA staMbho para kaMDArelAM sapta mAtRkAo paikInA brAhmI ane vaiSNavInAM mUtizilpa seMdhapAtra che. brAhI(paTTa 31, A. 51)nA DAbA upalA hAthamAM pustaka ane nIcalA hAthamAM kamaMDaLa che, jyAre jamaNe upale hAtha khaMDita che, jemAM sUtra dhAraNa karyuM hovAnuM jaNAya che. nIcalo hAtha varada mudrAmAM che. vaiSNava (5TTa 31, A. para)nA cAra hAtha paikIne traNa khaMDita che. nIcale jamaNe hAtha padma

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16 su^ ] zikSapakRtio [vy ma yukta varada mudrAmAM che, jyAre jamaNA upalA hAthamAM kAMIka aspaSTa, DAbA upalA hAthamAM gadA ane nIcalA hAthamAM zaMkha hAvAnu jaNAya che. brAhmI ane vaiSNavI tee kara'DamukuTa dhAraNa karyAM che. vaiSNavInA bhAlamAM biMdI jovA maLe che. ba'tenAM netra visphArita che. vaiSNavIe kAnamAM ranaku MDaLa dhAraNa karyAM che. tee aneka seranA hAra bAjubaMdha valaya kaTibaMdha TimekhalA ane nupura dhAraNa karyAM che. AmAM brAhmInA alaMkArAnuM vaividhya ane rUpAMkana maneAhara che. baMnee adhAvastra dhAraNa karyu che ane javA para pracatrita paddhati anusara dupaTTo bAMdhelA che. brAhmInI DabI bAjue hAthI me|ra vAnara vagere ane vaiSNavInI jamaNI bAjue siMhagyAla vagere rUpakana ka DArela che .. 14 mI sadInI hAvAnI manAtAM eka aSTabhuja gaurInI pratimA khaMbhAtanA kumArezvara maMdiranA ge!khamAM jovA maLe che. mUrtinA jamaNI bAjunA upalA be hAtha khaDita che. nIcenA be hAtha paikI ekamAM pustaka jevuM ane khIjAma varadamudrA ane akSamAlA jovA maLe che. DAbI bAjunA sauthI upalA hAthamAM cakra ane sauthI nIcalA hAthamAM bIjapUraka che. vaccenA bane hAtha khaMDita che. kuMDaLa kuMDahAra ekAvalI bAjubaMdha laya TimekhalA nUpura vagere alakArAthI suze|bhita devInI baMne bAjue kanare ane gaMdhavanI nAnI nAnI AkRtie che. nIcenA bhAgamAM vAhana tarIke nadI kaDArela che 10 dheLakAmAMthI maLelI mahiSAsuramardinInI mUti vi. sa. 1614( I.sa. 1557-58)nA lekha dharAve che. SabhujAyukta devI khUba bhAre alaMkArAthI suthebhita che. enA jamaNI bAjunA upannA hAthamAM khaDga, vaccenA hAthamAM cakra ane nIcalA hAthamAM trizULa che, jyAre DAbI bAjunA upalA hAthamAM kapala, vaccenA hAthamAM ghaMTa ane nIcalA hAya varDa mahiSAsuranA mAthAnA vALa pakaDelA che. 11 vaDodarA myujhiyamamAM mahiSardinI durgAnI pittaLanI pratimA Anu sarasa dRSTAMta che. AmAM devInI AkRti prAcIna namUnA parathI karelI nakalarUpa che, paNa aMgomAM gati, adhovastra ane uttarIyanuM UDavu' ane DhAla pakaDavAnI chaTA navIna che. vaLI devIne pharatI kamAnamAM DAbI-jamaNI bAjunI sajAvaTa paraMparAgata che, paNa uparana kamAnAkAramAM mUlataH kartimukha thatAM hatAM teenuM sthAna ahIM pAMdaDAMe e lIdhuM che. A zilpa para rAjasthAnamAM rANA kuMbhAnA samayamA vikaselI zipazailInA spaSTa prabhAva jovA maLe che.12 khaMbhAtanI ArTresa ane sAyansa keMlejanA saMgrahAlayamAM sapheda ArasanI dvibhuja sarasvatInI beThelI pratimA surakSita che (paTTa 32, A 53). devI ane hAtha

Page #507
476) satanata kAla [pra. vaDe vINA vagADe che. enA kamalAsanane vAhana hase dhAraNa karyuM che. nIcenA bhAgamAM ca mAdhAriNInI manahara oka te kaMDArelI che, je DAbo hAtha khaMDita che. sughaDa kotaraNI ane rUpAMkana-paddhati parathI A pratimA 14mI sadInI hevAnuM jaNAya che. prastuta kAlanI rakta cAmuMDA 1 be pratimA jANavA maLI che. jhAlAonI jUnI rAjadhAnI kaMkAvaTI(ji. surendranagara)nA zivamaMdiramAM rakta cAmuMDAnI nAnI mUrti che. pabhu na devAnA upalA jamaNA hAthamAM saMbhavataH cakra ane DAbA hAthamAM mAMsane TukaDe che, jyAre madhyanA DAbA hAthamAM rakta pAtra(ka la) pakaDayuM che ne jamaNA hAthe emAM mAMsano TukaDo baLelo jaNAya che. nIcalA jamA hAthe pA aa ane DAbA hAthe khavAMga dhAraNa karela che. mastaka para mukuTa, kAnamAM ratnakuMDaLa, hAthamAM valaya ane pagamAM nUpura che. Ubhela devInA paga pAchaLa zaba paDayuM che. zidarI devInAM AMtaraDAM ane badhA snAyu upasAvIne batAvyA che. devInI AMkho krodha bharI bahAra UpasI AvI che. devInI pAchaLa vAhana tarIke pazu UbheluM che, paNa enuM mukha khaMDita hovAthI e oLakhI zakAtuM nathI. devIe adhavastra pahereluM jaNAya che. raktacAmuMDAnI A pratimA saMbhavata: gujarAtamAMthI maLelI A prakAranI pahelI pratimA che. pi vistAramAM AvelA sAraNezvara maMdiramAMthI caturbhuja rakta cAmuMDAnI mUrti maLI AvI che (pada 3ra A. 54). devIe upalA jamaNA hAthamAM vaja ane nIcalA DAbA hAthamAM khavAMga dhAraNa karela che, upalA DAbA hAtha vaDe rakta pAtra pakaDayuM che ne nIcalA jamaNA hAtha vaDe e mAMsane TukaDe khAya che. devIe jaTAmukuTa bAjubaMdha valaya, paganAM kaDAM lAMbI muMDamAlA dhAraNa karela che. vaLI adhovastra paNa pahereluM jaNAya che. devInA peTe UMDe khADe paDyo che ne pAMsaLAM spaSTapaNe darzAvavAmAM AvyAM che. paga pAchaLa zaba paDayuM che. DAbI bAjue nIcenA bhAgamAM ja kAmukuTa dhAraNa karelI eka strI hAtha joDIne UbhI che. prabhAsa pATaNamAMthI 14mI sadInI keTalIka zaktipratimAo maLI AvI che. bhadrakALInA maMdiramAM cAmuMDAnI pUjAtI mUrtimAM zabAsanA devIe charikA trizULa khaTavAMga ane khappara dhAraNa karela jovA maLe che. A maMdiramAM A kAlanI eka bhuja mahiSamadinInI khaMDita pratimA paNa che. nAlezvaranA maMdiramAM caturbhuja mahiSamardinInI sarasa mUrti che, jemAM devIe trizala khaga kheTaka ane mahiSAsuranA keza dhAraNa karelA najare paDe che. gaurInA maMdiramAM eka siMhavAhanA caturbhuja pratimAmAM nIcalA be hAtha khaMDita che, jyAre upalA bemAM khagna "

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16 muJ zivakRtio [77 . ane kheTaka dhAraNa karela che. paMcamukha maMdiramAM Avela pabhu ja devIpratimAmAM anukrame varadamudrA vija khakheTaka Damaru ane aparicita Ayudha jovA maLe che.ahalyAbAI vALA somanAtha maMdiramAM vi.saM. 1398 (I.sa. 1341-42)nA lekhavALI haMsavAhanA sarasvatInI sarasa pratimA che. devInA upalA baMne hAthamAM agnikuMbha(vaDavAnala). nIcale jamaNA hAtha varada mudrAmAM ane DAbo hAtha abhaya mudrAmAM che. 13 somanAthanA prAMgaNamAMthI maLelI ane prabhAsapATaNa myujhiyamamAM surakSita 10 hAthabhaLI devInA nava hAtha khaMDita che, jyAre sauthI upalA hAthamAM devIe padma dhAraNa kareluM che. enuM vAhana makaranuM lAge che. A mUrti 15 mI sadIna hovAnuM manAya che. 14 ' dhoLakAmathI maLI AvelI gaNeza vakratuMDanI pratimA viziSTa mUtividhAna dharAve che. mUrtinA parikaranA pAchalA bhAgamAM vi.saM. 1576(I.sa. 1510-20)ne lekha ane mUrtinI besaNI para vakratuMDa" zabda lakhele che. A caturbhuja devanA jamaNI bAjunA upalA hAthamAM aMkuza ane nIcalA hAthamAM modaka che, jyAre DAbI bAjunA upalA hAthamAM parazu ane nIcalA hAthamAM aspaSTa vastu che. devatAmUrti prakaraNamAM ApelAM vakratuMDanAM lakSaNa karatAM A mUrti judI paDe che. 5 moTA pizInAmAM nIlakaMThezvara maMdiranA maMDapara upara vAyavya koNamAM dipha pAla vAyudevanI be hAthavALI aMlakArothI suzobhita mUrti mUkelI che. baMne hAtha khaMDita hovAthI Ayudho vize jANI zakAtuM nathI. devanA paga pAse vAhana haraNa beTheluM che. enA moMvALo bhAga khaM Data che. vaLI devanI DAbI bAjue gavAkSanI bahAra paNa haraNa kaMDAreluM jovA maLe che. gujarAtamAM vAyunI cAra bhujAvALa mUrtio maLatI hovAthI, ke A dvibhuja pratibhA virala daSTAMta gaNAya. vaDanagaranA hATakezvara maMdiramAM dipAla vAyunI caturbhuja mUrtAi paraMparAgata svarUpa dharAve che. vaDanagaranA hATakezvara maDAdevamAM dakSiNa dizAnA dikapAla yamarAjanuM suMdara zilpa (paTTa 33 A. 55) jovA maLe che. caturbhuja devanA upalA jamaNa. hAthamAM gadA ane DAbAmAM kukuTa che, jyAre nIcalA jamaNA hAthamAM lekhinI ane DAbA hAthamAM pustaka che. devanAM netra pradIpta agni jevAM che. emanA mAthe kirITamukuTa ane zarIra para alaMkAronI suMdara sajAvaTa che. emanI pAse vAhana mahiSa Ubhe che. "rUpAvatAra' ane rUpamaMDana' nAmanA zilpagraMtha anusAranuM A pratimA vidhAna jaNAya che, phera kevaLa eTalo che ke ahIM daMDane badale gadA dhAraNa karelI batAvavAmAM AvI che. 17

Page #509
ja8I salatanata kAla [pra. aDAlajanI vAvanA aSTakoNa khUNA pAsenI jamaNI bAjunI sIDInA pravezadvAra para navagrahane zi9pa-paTTa (paSTa 33, A. 56) mUkelo che. A paTTa sthaLa rIte karAyela che ane kALagrasta paNa thayo che. sAdhAraNa rIte navagrahanA paTTomAM grahane emanA pRthvIthI aMtara anusAra goThavAya che, paraMtu ahIM sAptAhika vAranA kramamAM DAbethI jamaNe sUrya caMdra maMgala bRhaspati zukra ane zani kaMDArela che ane e pachI rAhu ane ketu che. dvibhujAyukta sUrya ane caMdra emanA mastaka para kirITamukuTa dhAraNa karyA che ne emanI baMne bAjue eka eka cAmaradhArI che. baMne grahadevatAoe emanA hAthamAM padma dhAraNa karyA che. maMgala braharapati zukra ane zani e caturbhujAyukta grahadevoe karaMDa-mukuTa dhAraNa karyA che. A paikI zani sivAyanA traNa devonI baMne bAju eka eka cAradhArI che. zaninI eka bAju saMbhavata: cAmaradhArI che, jyAre bIjI bAju vRSabha beThele che. maMgale upalA jamaNA hAthamAM aMkuza ane DAbA hAthamAM pAza dhAraNa karyo che. evI rIte upalA jamaNuM ane DAbA hAthamAM bRhapatie anukrame lekhinI tathA pustaka, zuke amRtakuMbha tathA daMDa, ane zanie aMkuza tathA gadA dhAraNa karyA che. A badhA devatAonA nIcalA jamaNA hAtha varada mudrAmAM che, jyAre DAbA hAtha vaDe emaNe kamaMDaLa dhAraNa karyuM che. budhanI AkRti enA rahasvarUpe kaMDAravAne badale buddha tIrthakara ke dakSiNAmUrti ravarUpe kaMDArI che. bhayAnaka AMkhavALA rAhunuM svarUpa manuSyanA uttamAMgathI darzAvyuM che. enA nAnA kadanA be hAtha paikInA jamaNAmAM abhaya mudrA ane DAbAmAM kuMbha che. puruSanuM uttamAMga ane bAkInuM masyAkAra aMga dharAvatA ketunA be hAtha aMjalimudrAmAM che. 18 keDInAra tAlukAmAM AdapakAra gAmanA AdinAtha mahAdevanA maMdiranA maMDapanA vimAna para nira-yugmanuM zilpa viziSTa che. trikoNAkAre kaMDArelA A zi95mAM barAbara madhyamAM kiMmara ane kinarInI vAmana kadanI AkRtio jovA maLe che. kiMmaranA jamaNA hAthamAM kamaLa che, je eNe skaMdha para rAkheluM che. vaLI e mukha vaDe raNazIMgA jevuM vAjiMtra phUMkI rahelI hovAnuM jaNAya che. enI bAjumAM Ubhela kiMmara khaMjarI jevA vAgha vaDe tAla Apato hoya ema jaNAya che. trikoNanA traNeya khUNAomAM velanuM rU5kana karyuM che. A zilpa I.sa.nI 14mI sadInuM hovAnuM manAya che. 19

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16 muM]. zilpakRtio [476 prastuta kAlamAM jIrNoddhAra pAmelAM ane navAM baMdhAyelAM jinAlayamAM tIrthakaro tathA jaina devatAonI sevya ane suzobhanAtmaka pratimAo moTI saMkhyAmAM upalabdha thAya che. Abu para vimalavasahImAM vi.saM. 1378 (I.sa. 1321-22)mAM thayelA jIrNoddhAra vakhate mULa garbhagRhamAM mULanAyaka abhadevanI pratimA sthApavAmAM AvI hatI. A parikarayukta pratimA paMcatIthI prakAranI che. yogamudrAmAM beThelA RSabhadevanI baMne bAjue be jina-mUrtio kAryotsarga mudrAmAM ne e benI upara bIjI be jina-mUrtio beThelI che. zyAma zilAmAM kaMDArelI A manohara ane bhavya pratimA samagra devAlayanI zobhAmAM abhivRddhi kare che. * ahIMnI lUNasiMhavasahInA garbhagRhamAM pratiSThita mUlanAyaka neminAthanI zyAma zilAnI banelI saparikara pratimA paNa suMdara che. devAlayanA jIrNoddhAra vakhate vi.saM. 1378(I.sa. 1321-22)mAM saMghapati pethaDe A navI pratimA bharAvIne enI pratiSThA karAvI hatI. 21 prabhAsapATaNa saMgrahAlayamAM surakSita sapheda ArasanI ajitanAthanI pratimA vi saM. 138 (I.sa. 1928-29)ne lekha dharAve che. padmAsanastha pratimAnuM mastaka khaMDita che. DAbI bAju bhaktarAja sagara cakravata paricArakarUpe cAmara DhaLe che, jyAre jamaNI bAjuno bhAga khaMDita thayela che. padmAsananI nIcenA bhAgamAM jamaNI bAju AraMbhamAM ardha paryakAsanamAM ajitanAthanA mahAyakSa ane aMta bhAgamAM ajita yakSI kaMDArelAM che, jayAre vacalI haroLamAM vacce be daMtazULavALo gajarAja ane enI baMne bAjue eka eka siMha kotarele che. 22 ajitanAthanI sacavAyelI bIjI eka pratimA tAraMgAnI TekarI upara Avela ajitanAtha maMdiranA mUlanAyaka tarIke pratiSThita che (paTTa 34, A. pa7), vi.saM. 1479(I.sa. 1422 23)mAM pratiSThita thayelI 23 A pratimAmAM tIrthaMkara vegAsanamAM beThelA che. emanA Asana che pIThamAM emanuM gaja-lAMchana kaMDAreluM che. emanuM mastaka vALanA gucchAothI suzobhita che. emanA kAnanI bUTa skaMdhane sparza kare che chAtI para zrIvatsanuM cihna che. pharatuM paMcatIthI parikara che, jemAM emanI baMne bAjue eka eka kAyotsarga jismRtimAM ane e baMnenI upara eka eka beThelI jina-pratimA kaMDArelI che. mUlanAyakanA bharatakanI uparanA bhAgamAM be bAjue eka eka mAlAdhara emanI uparanA

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480] satata kAla bhAgamAM hAthIo ane nartakInI AkRtio ane parikaranI cheka upara madhyamAM aMjalimudrAmAM bhaktanI AkRti kaMDArelI che. 24 Abu para vimalavasahImAM gUDhamaMDapanI baMne bAju para pArzvanAthanI vi. saM. 140 (I.sa.1351-52)ne lekhavALI eka eka UbhI sarakhA kadanI pratimA che. (5TTa 34, A. 18) pratimAnI madhyamAM pArzvanAtha kAsaga mudrAmAM che, jyAre emanI be bAjunI ubhI haroLamAM be ne mUrtiomAM thaIne kula 24 jinamUrti kaMDArelI che. vaLI dareka mUrtimAM be Ika, be zrAvaka ane be zrAvikAonI AkRtio karelI che. pArzvanAthanA mastaka paNa sAta sapaphaNAnuM chatra che. 5 Ane maLatI pArzvanAthanI kAyotsarga be pratimA 1rvasahImAM gUDhamaMDapanI pratyeka bAjue jovA maLe che, joke AmAMnI eka mUrta moTI che, jenA para lekha nathI, jyAre nAnI mUrti para vi.saM. 1389(I.sa. 1332-33)no lekha che. 26 Abu para A kAlamAM baMdhAyela kharataravasahInAM zilpa paikI keTalAMka khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. traNa mALanA A maMdiramAM traNeya mALe cAmukhajInI pratimAo mUlanAyaka tarIke sthApI che, jemAM nIcenA majale garbhagRhamAM mUlanAyaka tarIke pArzvanAthanI cAreya mUrti moTI bhavya ane nava phaNayukta che. enA paranA lekha parathI uttara dizAnA ciMtANa pArzvanAtha, pUrvanA maMgalAkara pArzvanAtha ane pazcimanA mane-ka9pama pArzvanAtha hevAnuM jaNAya che. dakSiNa dizAnI pratimA nIcenuM nAma ghasAI gayuM che. A cAreya mUrti vi.saM. 151 5(I.sa. 1458-59)mAM saMdhavI maMDalika bharAvI hatI. vaLI garbhagRhanI bahAranI dIvAla, dipAle, vidyAdevIo, yakSiNIo ane zAlabhaMjikAo ane anya devIonAM zipothI suzobhita che. zAlabhaMjikAonuM rUpAMkana atyaMta manohara che. enI mukhAkRti tatkAlIna jaina laghucitromAM jovA maLatI Ave che. 27 Abu upara pittalahara maMdiramAM garbhagRhamAM sthApelI mULanAyaka RSabhadevanI 108 maNa vajananI pittalAdi dhAtunI pratimA gujarAtanI zilpakalAnI apUrva siddhirUpa che. sulatAna mahamUda begaDAnA maMtrI suMdara ane enA putra maMtrI gadAe Abu para yAtrA ane pratiSThA mATe amadAvAdathI moTo saMgha kADho tyAre emaNe mUlanAyakanI A suMdara pratimAM mahesANAnA deva nAmanA zilpI pAse bharAvIne vi. saM. 15ra5(I.sa. 1468-69)mAM enI ahIM pratiSThA karAvI hatI. A parikarayukta paMcatIthI pratimAnI UMcAI lagabhaga 8 ane pahoLAI 55 che. AdinAthanI potAnI pratimAnI UMcAI 41" che. 28

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zikRtio (481 Abu para vimalavasahInI 21 mI derImAM na devI aMbikAnI cAra matio paikInI sauthI moTI mUrti vi. saM. 1394(i.sa. 1337-38)ne lekha dharAve che. A bhavya mUrtimAM devI lalitAsanamAM beThela che; be hAtha paikI jamaNA hAthe cha kerIonI luma ane DAbA hAthe bALaka dhAraNa karyo che. mukuTanI uparanA bhAgamAM nAnA kadanI eka jina-mUrti karelI che. ra9 Asana nIce devInuM siMha vAhana jaNAya che. Ane maLatI AvatI aMbikAnI eka mUrti ahIMnA pittalahara maMdiramAM caDelI che, jenA para vi. saM. 1509(I.sa. 14para-pa3) lekha che.* - vaDAdarAnA eka jinAlayamAMthI vi. saM. 1534( I.sa. 14778)no 8 kha dharAvatI aMbikAnI dhAtupratimA maLI AvI che. caturbhuja devI lalitAsanamAM beThela che. devInA upalA jamaNA hAthamAM pAza ane DAbA hAthamAM aMkuza che, jyAre nIcalA jamaNA hAtha vaDe kerInI luma ane nIcalA DAbA hAtha vaDe bALaka dhAraNa kareluM che. devInA paga pAse vAhana siMha ane jamaNI bAjue eka anucara jovA maLe che. 31 Ane maLatI AvatI vi. saM. 1547(I. sa. 1490-91)ne lekha dharAvatI eka pratimA khaMbhAtanA ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha maMdiramAMthI maLI AvI che, jemAM phera kevaLa upalA hAthenAM AyudhonA kramamAM jovA maLe che. AmAM devIe upalA jamaNA hAthamAM aMkuza ane DAbA hAthamAM pAza dhAraNa karela che. zatruMjaya upara dAdAjInI Traka para sImaMdhara svAmInA maMdiramAM jaina devI sarasvatInuM eka zilpa sacavAyeluM che. emAM devI tribhaMgamAM Ubhela che devInI baMne bAjue eka eka anucarI UbhI che. devInA cAra hAtha che. 14mI sadIno jene sarasvatIne A sarasa namUne che.33 somanAthanA jaina maMdiramAM sarasvatInI be pratimA che te paikInI eka 15 mI sadInI che.34 akATAmAMthI maLI AvelI jaina mahAvidyAdevI achuptAnI vi.saM. 156pa(I.sa. 1508-09)no lekha dharAvatI dhAtu pratimA vaDodarA myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. ghoDesavAra devInA upalA jamaNe hAthamAM talavAra ane upalA DAbA hAthamAM DhAla che, jyAre nIcalA jamaNA hAthamAM kaTArI ane nIcalA DAbA hAthamAM cAbuka che.35 pratimAnuM kalAvidhAna UtaratI kakSAnuM che. -31

Page #513
, , , , a 482). satanata kAla A samayanAM kASTa-zilpanA keTalAka namUnA vaDodarA myujhiyamamAM saMgIta che. emAM 16 mI sadInA pUrvArdhanA eka maMDapa paranI zrI lakSmInI be Ati noMdhapAtra che. jene devI zrI-lakSmIne pahelA muti-zi95mAM devI barAbara madhyamAM ja padmAsana vALIne beThela che. enA cAra hAtha paikInA uparanA baMnemAM padma para ekeka hAthI jovA maLe che. nIcalA jamaNA hAthamAM mALA ane DAbA hAthamAM jalakuMbha che. devIne traNa bAju pharatuM tAraNa kareluM che. teraNanI bahAranI bane bAjue eka eka cAmaradhAriNI ane eka eka mUla dhAraNa karele hAthI Ubho che. baMne hAthIonAM mastaka para mahAvata ane pITha para kAI vAjiMtra vagADatI' mukuTadhArI paMkhayukta eka eka devI beThelI che. A samagra dazyane baMne cheDe laghu kadanAM maMdira kaMDArelAM che, jemAM tIrtha karanI eka eka AkRti karelI che ! zrI-lakSmInuM bIjuM eka mUrti zi95 5Na A maMDapa para kareluM che. 37 Abu upara pittalahara maMdiramAM sAtamI derI pachI karelA suvidhinAthanA nAne maMdiramAM mUkelI keTalIka mUrtio paikI puMDarIka svAmInI ane hara mUrti nedhapAtra che. RSabhadevanA A mukhya gaNadharanI garadana pAchaLa edhe dekhAya che. emanA jamaNA khabhA para muhapattI che. teo padmAsana vALIne gamudrAmAM, beThelA che. emanA mastaka pAchaLa prabhAmaMDaLa kareluM che. mUrti para adhevastra ne uttarIya baMne havAnAM cihna jovA maLe che. mUrti nIcenA lekhamAM enI rathApanA vi.saM. 1394(I. sa. 1337-38)mAM thayelI hovAnuM jaNAveluM che. vaLI A maMdiranA gUDhamaMDapamAM mahAvIra svAmInA prathama gaNadhara gautamasvAmInI pILA pASANanI eka sarasa mUrti che. emAM garadana pAchaLa che, jemaNa khabhe muhapattI ane eka hAthamAM mALA dhAraNa karela jovA maLe che. mUrti upara vi.saM. 1495(I.sa. 1438-39)ne lekha che. 39 itara mUti zi95 Abu upara vimalavasahInA gUDhamaMDapamAM dAtA zrAvaka-zrAvikAonI pAMca mUrti 14mI sadInI vezabhUSAnA abhyAsa mATe agatyanI che (pada 35, A. paka). teonA paranA lekhanA AdhAre e anukrame sAha(=vaNika) goyala, sAhuNI suhAgadevI ane guNadevI, sAhu muhasI ane sAhaNI mINaladevInI hevAnuM jaNAya che. A mUrti e vi. saM. 1378(I.sa. 1321-22)mAM karAvelI che.* AmAM baMne puruSe dADhI-mUcha rAkhelI che ane DhIMcaNa sudhI mAMDa pahece tevI rIte dhotI paherI che. traNeya strIoe ghUMTI sudhI pahoMcatI sADI ane bevaDI ke trevaDI seranuM kaTisatra dhAraNa karela che. A ucca madhyama varganI mahilAoe

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zikRtio [40 emanA nitaMba para kApaDanA dupaTTA bAMdhyA che, bIje dupaTTo oDhaNInI mAphaka oDhaDyo che ne enA vaDe mAthuM DhAkeluM che. kAnamAM moTAM kuMDaLa ane bIjA alaMkAra paNa dhyAna kheMce tevAM che. emaNe peTa khulluM rahe e prakAranI caLI paherI che. puruSa ane strI baMnenAM bharAvadAra dehasauSThava, vizALa cerasa mukhAkRti, lAMbAM aNIdAra nAka, pAtaLA hoTha, saheja lAMbI AMkho ane baMne hAtha vaDe pakaDelI neLIo (nALiyAnA AkAranuM suzobhana dharAvatI na NAM-kothaLI) A mUrtione viziSTa svarUpa Ape che.' vimalavasahImAM derI naM. 0mAM vi.saM. 1396I.sa 1339-40)no lekha dharAvatI muni zekharasUrinI pratimAM noMdha pAtra che. AcArya pATa para beThelA che. emanA baMne kAna pAchaLa eLe che, jamaNe khabhA para muhaparI rAkhelI che. emaNe eka hAthe mALA dhAraNa karI zarIra para vastro hevAnAM cihana spaSTa che. AcAryanI baMne bAjue sUra ane bAlA nAmanA zrAvaka hAtha joDIne UbhA che.42 1NavasahInA gUDhamaMDapamAM eka bAjue rAmatI(rAjula)nI moTI kabhI suMdara mUrti che rAjImatI tribhaMgamAM sthita che. mastaka para nAnI jinapratimA kaMDArelI che. mastaka pAse baMne bAjue karelI nAnI kadanI eka eka cAmaradhAriNI cAmara DhALI rahI che. jyAre nIcenA bhAgamAM baMne bAjue eka eka dAsI pupamALA hAthamAM laI UbhI che. mUrtinI nIce vi. saM. 1515 (I. sa. 1458-59)no lekha che, jemAM mUrtine zrIrAmatI' kahevAmAM AvI che. 43 paraMtu Do. u. pre zAha mUrtinuM AlaMkArika svarUpa, DAbA hAthamAM pakaDela pAtra vagerene lakSamAM laI A mUrti tIrthaMkara neminAthanI vAgdattA rAmatInI nahetAM kadAca lavasahInA mULa sthapati zaMbhanadevanI mAtAnI lupta thayelI e pratimAnI nakalarUpe pAchaLathI bharAvelI pratimA hoya ema dhAre che. 44 khaMbhAtamI Asa ane sAyansa kolejamAM saMgRhIta cAradhAriNInI pratimA paNa noMdhapAtra che. e maMDovara panI dvArazAkhAnA suzobhanAtmaka tharanA bhAgarUpa hovAnuM jaNAya che. jamaNA UMcA karelA hAtha vaDe e cAmara DhaLI rahI che. DAbe hAtha nitaMbane saparza karI rahyo che. dupaTTo dhAraNa karelI A kanyA dvibhaMgamAM ubhelI che. eNe badhA prakAranAM AbhUSaNa sajyAM che. zailInI daSTie A zi95 14mI sadInuM hovAnuM jaNAya che. poLomAM abhApuramAM Avela zivazakti maMdiramAM stabha para strIonAM mukhyatve zRMgAra karatAM mane hara mUrtizilpa kaMDArelAM che(pada 36, A. 60-63).

Page #515
salanA kAla mi, eka sammAtA strI DAbA hAtha vaDe vALamAMthI pANI kADhatI jovA maLe che. enA jamaNA hAtha-paga khaMDita che. enA deha para kaI vastra ke alaMkAra jevA maLatAM nathI. enI DALI bAjue ke pakSI vALamAMthI TapakatuM pANI jANe pItuM heya tevI rIte UMcI Doka kareluM kaMDAryuM che. tribhaMgamAM UbhelI bIjI strI vastro ane zaNagAra sajIne DAbA hAthamAM pakaDelA arIsAmAM pitAnuM pratibiMba nIrakhI rahI che. jamaNe hAtha mastaka para ADe rAkhele che. enA jamaNA hAtha parathI pasAra karele dupaTTo sarasa rIte kaMDArela che. trIjI strInA mastaka para viziSTa prakAre kezakalApa gUMthao che. DAbA hAthamAM rAkhelA patra para jamaNA hAtha vaDe lekhinIthI lakhI rahelI A patralekhAnA mukha paranA bhAva ane AMgaLIonI TA ramya che. veNuvAdana karatI cothI strInuM vastraparidhAna patralekhAne maLatuM Ave che. paNa kezaguMphana, bhAla paranI biMdI, ratnakaMkaNa, paganAM sAMkaLA vagere zRMgAranI bAbatamAM e judI paDe che. A maMdiranI badhI manuSyAkRtiona netra visphArita karelAM hovAthI A strIonAM paNa e prakAranAM netra svAbhAvika lAge che saghasnAtA sivAyanI traNeya strIonA kAnamAM, kAnathI lagabhaga traNagaNuM moTA kadanAM, kuMDaLa jovA maLe che, je viziSTa che. cIjavastuomAM sthAnika lekakalAne vizeSa prabhAva paDeluM jovA maLe che. uttara gujarAtamAM rAjasthAnanI sImA pAsethI maLI AvelI ane vaDodarA myujhiyamamAM surakSita kAMsAnI attaranI nAnI zIzI AnuM sarasa dAMta che. A zIzI zRMgAra karatI strInA AkAranI che. enA vALanI gAMThamAMthI ene eka skU dvArA kholI zakAya che. strIe eka hAthamAM nAno arIse dhAraNa karyo che, je khUlI zake che ane bIjA hAthamAM aMjanazalAkA dhAraNa karI che. ene ghaNuM kaDhaMgA bIbAmAM DhALavAmAM AvelI che. mAthuM ghaNuM moTuM che, AMkhe UpasI AvI che, ne ghaNakharA aMlakAra upasAvavAne badale kerI kADhelA che. kAMsAnI A pUtaLI 16 mI sadInA bIjA caraNanI hevAnuM manAya che.pa uparAMta A kAlanI A zailInI dIpalakSmIne eka namUne paNa A saMgrahAlayamAM surakSita che.* '. pALiyAdeva khAMbhI chattaraDI zarApUrA suradhana govardhana vagere nAme oLakhAtA A kAlanA pALiyA saurASTra kaccha ane uttara gujarAtamAM vipula saMkhyAmAM jovAmAM Ave che emAM cheka uparanA trikoNAkAramAM mukhyatve sUrya caMdra, svastika dIvaDA jevAM arthasUcaka rUpAMkana, madhyanA cerasa bhAgamAM AkRti ane nIcenA cerasama lekha karavAmAM Ave che. A pALiyAo paranAM viziSTa zi-pratIka sthAnika zipIoe kaMDArelAM hevAthI e lekakalAnA sarasa

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zilpakRtio namUnArUpa che. AmAM vIra puruSa ane satIonA pALiyA mukhya che. yuddhamAM, dharmasthAnanI rakSAthe, gAmane bacAvatAM, gAyonI vahAre dhAtAM ke kudaratI rIte mRtyu pAmelA vIronA pALiyA Thera Thera maLe che. AmAM zarUAtanA samayamAM paraMparA anusAra DhAla-talavAra yukta pALo sainika kaMDArAto jovA maLe che, paNa 14mI sadIthI azvArohI sainikanuM svarUpa vadhu pracalita thatuM jAya che ne e dhIme dhIme daDha thatuM jAya che. AvA azvArohI pALiyAomAM pAkharavALA azva ane enI upara rAjAzAhI ThAThamAM rAjapuruSa beThele jovA maLe che. kyAreka enI sAthe bhaNI paNa jovA maLe che 48 vIra pati pAchaLa satI thatI strInI khAMbhI para saubhagyavatI strIne eka athavA kyAreka baMne bhuja ke hasta darzAvavAmAM Ave che, to koI koI sthaLe patinA zabane hAthamAM laIne UbhelI strI AlekhAI che kacchamAM A prakAranI khAMbhIo vizeSa jovA maLe chevaLI koI anya yane laIne ugathI mRtyu pAmelAonA pALiyA paNa maLe che, jemAM sokhaDA(ji. mahesANuM)nA siddhanAtha mahAdevanA maMdira pAsene mahaMtane 14 mI skrIne pALi dhapAtra che. emAM potAnA pAlita bAla rAjaputranI hatyA thatAM mRtyune bheTelA mahaMta bALakanuM zaba khoLAmAM laIne beThelA jovA maLe che49 yuddhamAM mastaka kapAtAM dhaDa laDatuM hovAnuM sUcavate mahUvA (ji. bhAvanagara)no vatsarAja selaMkIne kabaMdha paNa noMdhapAtra che. kabaMdhanA jamaNA hAthamAM gadA pakaDelI che, jyAre DAbo hAtha khaDita che mastaka DAbI bAjue paDeluM che. kabaMdhanI chAtI para be AMkha kAtarelI che. gocara jamInanA dAnane lagatA pALiyAo para savachI gAyanuM Alekhana karavAmAM AvatuM jovA maLe che. saurASTramAMthI AnA vizeSa daSTAMta maLI Ave che.pa1 prastuta kAla daramyAna baMdhAyela hiMda sthApatyomAM jALIkAma soLe kaLAe khIlyuM hatuM evuM e samayanI zilpakRtio nIrakhata cokkasa kahI zakAya. hiMdu temaja jete maMdira ane bIjAM dhArmika sthApatyonA jA kAmamAM phUlavela, svastika, vRkSa, devamUrtio, yuddha khelatA male, judAM judAM pazupakSI vagere ketarAyela dekhAya che. IDarathI pAMca mAIla dUra Avela lI me I gAma najIkanA karanAtha mahAdevanA maMdiranI jALIo, kheDabrahmA gAmanA brahmAjInA maMdiranA gUDhamaMDapanI zRMgAracokI. nI jALI , vijayanagaranA jaMgalamAM Avela lAkheNA jaina maMdiranI jALIo vagere nIrakhavAthI A kAlanA hiMdu tathA jaina jALIkAmane khyAla AvI zake che. giranAra para 15 mI sadImAM baMdhAyelA manAtA saMprati rAjAnA maMdiranA raMga,

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jatA kAra maMDapanI dakSiNa che e 9 bI traNa hAravALA ane 63 khaMyukta jaLAM ucca kakSAnuM rUpAMkana dharAve che.52 lAkheNA jaina maMdiranA maDapanA gavAkSa ane navacekInI dIvAla paranA sarasa jALIkAma (paTTa 37, A. 64)mAM grAsa paTTI ane hasatA DaranA bhAgamAM khaDa pADI emAM bhautika AkRti uparAMta narazyo, ghoDesa, kiMna, siMhavyAla, hAthI, mayUranAM joDalAM vagerenuM rUpAMdana vaividhyapUrNa kalAtmaka ane mane hara banyuM che.53 IslAmI rUpAMkana islAmamAM koI paNa jIvaMta vAtunI rajUAta karavAnI manAdanA kAraNe A kAranI islAmI imAratamAM prANa-zipa mAnavazilpa ke svataMtra zilpa maLatAM nathI, paraMtu enA badale suzobhanothI pracura ImArato banAvavAmAM khUba zrama levAyo che ane e vaDe zilpanI khoTa mahada che ka ka ane tarkasa mata rIte pUrI karI che e svIkAravuM paDe. samagra satata kAla daramyAna islAmI ane nAgarika sthApatyamAM imAratanI bAMdhaNImAM sthApatyakIya prAcu hoya te ja prakAranuM ene anurUpa suzobhana thayeluM jovA maLe che. Ane laIne A kAlanI ImArato anupama manahara lAge che. masjidanI racanAmAM zarUAtamAM hiMdu maMdiranA ke jaina maMdiranA taiyAra bhAgono upayoga thayo hovAthI sagavaDa pUratuM ja paththara ketaravAnuM kAma karavAnuM rahetuM ane e mATe mukhyatve miharAbamAM kotaraNI karavAnI jarUra paDatI. vaLI maharA mAMnA keMdrIya pratIka tarIke paNa praphulla kamaLane upayoga ISTa lAgatAM kamaLanI ane amRtakaLazanI suMdara zRMkhalA ane pattI sAthenuM rUpAMkana karavAnuM zarU thayuM, te bIjI be ja masjidanA sivAna vALA bahAranA pravezadvArane suMdara dekhADavA tathA minArAno samAveza thanAM che. mAM navesarathI ghaDatara karavAnI AyakatA ane anukaLa paDI. pariNAme minArAnA vacalA bhAgamAM suMdara gekha kotarI kADhavAnuM zarU thayuM. A gekhamAM mukhyatve te pAna ne velanAM rUpAMkana jovA maLe ja che. bIjI bAju bhaumitika suzobhananI AvazyakatA paNa paDI. enA vinA AkhAM AvAM meTAM mahAlaya varavAM lAge, tethI A mahAlayone bhaumitika suzobhanethI bharI devAnuM kAma zarU thayuM. vaLI hava mananI dRSTie ahIMnA vAtAvaramAM pavananI avarajavara khUba jarUrI ane prakAzanI sAthe hovI Avazyaka samajAtAM bhaumitika AkRtione pUrI kotarI ene jALInuM rUpa ApavAnI ahIMnI thoDI vyApaka prathAne A kAlamAM sauthI vadhu uttejana maLyuM. ene eTaluM badhuM mahatva

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patie ApavAmAM AvyuM ke A kAlanA dareka rojAmAM jALI eka ati Avazyaka aMga banI gayuM. AthI jALIne bhaumitika subhana-vaividhyane eTale badhe vikAsa thayo ke jALI pote makAnane agatyano bhAga banI gaI ane AcchAdana sauMdarya ane havAmAnanA praznanA ukela tarIke paNa uttama bhAga bhajavI zakI. vaLI e mulukakhAnAnA paDadA tarIke paNa kAmamAM levAvA lAgI, te bIjI bAju upara bhALa karI emAMthI prakAza lAvavA mATe paNa emAM jALIne upayoga thaya. Ama jALIzi95nI A kAlamAM sauthI vadhu bolabAlA hatI. sau prathama suzobhananuM zilpakAma miharAbamAM jovA maLe che. emAM bhAratIya rU5vidhAnanI paddhatine vaphAdArIpUrvaka upayoga thAya che. e uparathI enA ghaDanArA sthAnika salATo ja haze ema samajAI jAya che. e aMgenI pratIti sau prathama bharUcanI jAmI masjidanA miharAbano uparano kamAnavALo bhAga, emane kaLaza, rUpAMkana mATe vaparAyelAM pratIka, zakarapArA AkAranuM bhaumitikarUpa, miharAbanI dvArazAkhAmAM amRtavallInI bhAta temaja bakulAvalInI satata Avartana parathI Ave che. uparAMta nIcenI kuMbhInuM rUpa paNa enA anusaMdhAnamAM ja ghaDavAnuM hoI bhAratIya kalama ane ene yogya prayojanamAM upayoga spaSTa jovA maLe che. A ja majidanAM vitAnenAM suzobhana eTalAM badhAM vividha prakAranAM che ke emAMthI sIdhI ja preraNA laIne kaI paNa suMdara bhaumitika rUpanuM sarjana karI zakAya ane vAraMvAra judI judI jagyAe Ama karavAmAM paNa AvyuM che tethI ene makAnanA bhinna bhinna bhAga sAthe saLaMga saMbaMdha paNa rahe ane hetu paNa sare. khaMbhAtanI jAmA masjidamAMnI bArI navesarathI ghaDelI jALIne namUne pUruM pADe che. emAM ene navI rIte goThavavAne prayana spaSTa dekhAya che. jALInA cArasone pharatuM rUpAMkana taddana sAduM ane anAkarSaka che. e batAve che ke ahIM sAmAnya salATAne upayeAga karyo haze, jyAre khaMbhAtanI ja umara bina ahamada ala kajhArUnInI kabara paranuM sulekhana ane enI kataraNI musalamAna kArIgaranI kRti che. akSaronI maroDaracanA, kamAnanI nIce joDAtI ADI paTTImAMnI suzobhana ane kabaranI baMne bAjue kuMbhanuM Alekhana karavAmAM e hiMdu kArIgara nathI ja enI pratIti thAya che. emAM kabara paranAM jhADanAM suzobhananI rekhAMkana-paddhati abhAratIya che. dhoLakAnI hilAlakhAna kAjInI marijadanA minArAnI kaMDAraNa paNa navA AvelA zi95pravAhane anurUpa palaTAtI hovAne paricaya karAve che. emAM mizra suzobhana-paddhatine saMketa spaSTa jovA maLe che. enAM mihArAba ane

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49] saltanata kAla [pra. miMbara paNa bhaumitika suzobhanakalAnA sArA namUnArUpa banyAM che. enI jALIo paNa suMdara bhaumitika ziparacanA pUrI pADe che. A uparAMta taiyAra bhAga vAparatI vakhate paNa jyAM pIDhiyAmAM ke thAMbhalA joDatAM athavA te kuMbhamAM ke jyAM taiyAra sAmAnamAMthI suzobhana maLyuM nathI tyAM ene kALajIpUrvaka karavAne sajAga prayatna jovA maLe che. amadAvAdamAM ahamadazAha 1 lAnI masjida paranA minArA paranuM kotarakAma paNa palaTAyelA pravAhanuM dyotaka che. majidamAMnA badhA ja miharAba navesarathI banAvelA che. jemAM AjubAjunI sAthe ekarUpatA sacavAya e khAsa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAmAM AvyuM che. AvuM ja amadAvAdI jAmI masjidamAM paNa kareluM che. sauthI vadhAre aucitya jALavavAno prayatna ahamadazAhanA rojAmAM thayuM che. ahIM kamaLanI velanuM bhAre rUpAMkana taiyAra bhAga karatAM ene anurUpa thavAnA prayatnarUpe kareluM hovAne khyAla enA vaLAMka parathI Ave che. enI jALIo paNa cAluM temaja navAM rUpavALI jovA maLe che. jAmI masjidanA gokhamAM zilpa-sauMdarya abhare bharyuM che.54 e uparathI lakSaNa ane zilparUpanA sarjananI zaktine su dara khyAla AvI zake che. A masjidanA minArA navesarathI ghaDavAnA hoI emAM aMdara temaja bahArane dRSTi-sumeLa sAcavavA mATe nIcethI minArAnI esaNIne padmapatra kuMbhI vagere rUpe goThavI che, te vacce nartakIonAM suMdara tribhaMgayukta zarIrane badale gokhamAM anekabhaMgIyukta suMdara pAna ane velanI suzobhanA atizaya samajapUrvaka ane rUpasaMjana temaja samAjananA uttama siddhAMtanA udAharaNa rUpe karI che temaja enI nIce minArAne pharatAM maMdiranAM kakSAsane vaLI nAnakaDAM pratIka chetarIne kamAla karI che. vaLI upara kAMgarAne paNa zarUAtamAM nAnAM sAdAM rUpAMkothI zaNagArelA che, te kayAMka kyAMka patharanAM pATiyAMmAM navesarathI praphulla kamaLanuM eka pAMkhaDIrUpa paNa kaMDAreluM che. kamAnamAM goThaveluM praphUla kamaLa cAluM paripATInuM hovA chatAM enI sthAna paranI savizeSa goThavaNInA kAraNe e AkarSaka lAge che. jANe ke be cakSu na hoya! mahamUda begaDAnA kAlamAM saiyada ahamada khaTTa gaMja bakSanA rajAmAM bharelI jALIonA rUpAMkanamAM eTaluM badhuM vaividhya AvyuM che ke ekalA e rojAmAMthI ghaNAM badhAM suzobhanono saMgraha karI zakAya (5TTa 37, A. 65) : jUnAM suzobhanenI sAthe ja navAM bhaumitika suzobhana jovA maLe che, uparAMta islAmanAM svIkRta rUponI asara paNa AvelI jovA maLe che. vaLI ahIM mahamUda begaDAnA rAjAne karelI jALIo saiyada sAhebanA rojanI jALIone anurUpa che. sarakhejanA rajAmAM

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113] zilpakRtio [rek pAchaLathI karavAmAM AvelI pittaLanI jALIeAmAM paNa islAmanI asaranuM rUpavaividhya AvavA chatAM enA mULa khekhAmAM jUnI cAlI AvatI paripATI spaSTapaNe anusarAI che. upasAvela zilpakRtiomAM, minArAnA gAkhamAM ane miharAbanA geAkhamAM karelAM alaMkaraNa tatkAlIna vikAsa arthAt mizraNanuM sudara pratipAdana kare che. sAthe sAthe malAnAM suroAlana paNa neAMdhapAtra che. sArAM ala'kAmanA namUna emAM amadAvAdamAM zAhapuramAMnI hasana cistInI masjidanA geAkha paNa mizra kalAnA sArA namUnga pUrA pADe che.papa evI rIte ahIMnI rANI rUpamatInI masjidane gAkha te enAM suzAbhana tathA ahIMnI acyuta kUkInI masjidanAM suzobhana cittAkarSaka che. rANI siprInI masjidanuM kAtarakAma pramANasaratA aucitya ane AyeAjananI vaheMcaNInI dRSTie ati mahattvanuM sthAna dharAve che. emAMya enA uparanA bhAganA ala kRta kAMgarA ane chatanA bhAganAM alaMkaraNa savizeSa sudara che. have badhAM ja alaMkaraNa navesarathI karavAte rivAja zarU thayA hatA, tethI pAchalI kArIgarInI harALamAM besI zake tevAM suMdara alakaraNa A kAlamAM prApta thayAM che. nAnAmAM nAnI jagA paNa AnAthI bAkAta na rahe enI kALajI levAI che. khIjI bAju IMTarI krAmanI siddhi sAthe meLakAmAMnI khAna masjidamAM aMdaranAM ane bahAranAM cUnAmAM kheAtarIne banAvelAM uttama alaMkaraNa A kAlanI takSaNukalAnA uttama namUnA gaNAvAM joIe. emAM bhaumitika temaja velapattInAM su daratama suzobhana cUnAmAM khAtarIte mUkelAM che, A prayAga aa adhare che. cUnAnA jADA thara karI e amuka hada sudhI sukAya tyAre emAM kAma karavAnI A kAmagIrI ucca prakAranI capaLatA ane hatheATI mAgI le che.pa6 uparAMta kAMkariyA temaja sarakheja banenAM taLAve mAM pANI AvavA mATenAM kAtarelAM sudara nALAM ane emAM AvatA pANIne gALavAnI paththaranI naLInI banAvelI gaLaNI paNu A kAmagarIne sAre! namUnA che. aDAlajanI ane asAravAnI vAvAnAM alaMkaraNa paNa A ja samayanAM che. emAM khAsa karIne gemamAM minArAnA gAkha jevI ja ala'karaNa-paddhatinA bhAzA levAyA che. ene alaMkaraNa tarIkenA uttama namUnAe.nI kATimAM mUkI zakAya ema che (paTTa 38, A. 66). zilpanI daSTie aDAlajanI vAvamAM kakSAsana amadAvAdanI rANI rUpamatInI si jada, rANI siprInI masjida vagerenAM kakSAsanAnI sarakhAmaNImAM vadhu su`dara che. vAvamAM saLaMga cAlatI ala karaNAnI paTTIe emAM vizeSa raMga pUre che, jyAre enA phUTa (kAThA)nuM alaMkaraNa paNa eTalI ja kALajIthI

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mAnava kAla [, bhaumitika ane zaheradAra rUpamAM karela jovA maLe che. kUvAmAM paNa alaMkaraNone ucita sthAna ApyuM che. vAvanA dareka bhAgane sArI rIte subhita karyo che. dhoLakAnI jAmA masjidanAM alaMkaraNa baMne kalAonA saMjananI pUrI pratIti karAvatI mizra-paddhati para ThIka ThIka prakAza pADe che. enA minArA ane gekhamAM bhaumitika ane laheradAra velapattInuM mizraNa ane hiMdu temaja islAmI rUpanuM sAjana karavAno prayatna ane ene anurUpa prayojAyelI rUpasajananI paddhati jovAmAM Ave che. ahIMthI AgaLa cAMpAneranI jAmI masjidanI chatamAM saMpUrNa islAmI ane saMpUrNa bhAratIya baMne rU55ddhatiomAM svataMtra alaMkaraNa-samUha vyakta thayelo jovA maLe che temaja tyAMnI kabaranA staMbha para IslAmI vasavALI alaMkaraNa janAne khyAla AvI jAya che. A samaya daramyAna islAmanAM rUpane zilpI barAbara vyakta karatA thaI gayA haze ema joI zakAya che, jenA pariNAme baMne paddhati cAlu rahevA chatAM ekabIjAnI pUraka banI rahI che. cAMpAneramAM islAmI alaMkaraNonI saMkhyA ghaNI che, te mizraNarUpa paNa eTalAM ja che, jyAre mahemadAvAdanI saiyada mubArakanI kabaranI jALI zuddha bhaumitika rUpanuM Ayojana che. 57 alaMkaraNonAM rUpamAM baMne tavonuM mizraNa ane enA satata vikAsanA pariNAme upajelAM rUpanI aMtima uccatama kakSA eTale amadAvAdanI sIdI zahIdanI jaLIonAM alaMkaraNa (paTTa 39, A. 67). A jALIomAM baMne paddhatione alaga alaga rIte sthAna ApeluM che, chatAM baMnemAM kayAMya visaMvAditA nathI. ahIM islAmI alaMkaraNa paddhatinuM bhAratIya alaMkaraNa-paddhati sAthenuM saMpUrNa sAjana ne enA pariNAme UpajatI takSaNapaddhati, rUpa ane rekhAonI gatividhi, gatiprakAra ane bArIkAIyukta prayoga temaja suMdara samAyojanA-paddhatine uttama sumeLa jevA maLe che. vRkSanA takSaNamAM je prakAranI bhinna staro sAthe nannatA batAvI che ne pAna DALI temaja nAriyeLanA kAtarakAmamAM je prakAranI mArmika kasAI jevA maLe che te satata prayogazIlatAnuM aMtima siddha phaLa che.

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zilpakRtio pAdaTIpa 1. ra.nA. mahetA, prAcIna sthApatya ane zilpa, gujarAta eka paricaya", pR.76 8. H. Goetz, The Post-Medieval Sculptures of Gujarat', Bulletin of the Baroda Museum and Picture Gallery, Vol. V, Pts. I & II, p. 40 3. Ibid., p. 34; ra. nA. mahetA, uparyukta, pR. c6 4. je. pI. amIna, khaMbhAta devayugala pratimAo", "svAdhyAya", pu. 1ra, pR. ra97 pa. A mUrti paranI dha ane ene pheTogrApha levAnI ane e pragaTa karavAnI anumati ApavA badala sahalekhaka pra. ci parIkha saurASTra yunivarsiTInA AbhArI che. 5. P. A. Inamdar, Some Archaeological Finds in the Idar State, pp. 72-73, figure 43 $24. R. N. Mehta, Sculptures at Dholaka,' Bulletin of Chunilal Gandhi Vidhya Bhavan, 1960, p. 76 7. puSNakAMta vi. joLakiyA, jUnAgaDha myujhiyamanI sUryapratimAo', "pathika', varSa 11, aMka 10-11, pR. 164 8. ejana, pR. 163-165 ha. bihArIlAla pI. dANI, voTasana myujhiyamanI Aditya-pratimAo", "sUryamaMdira vizeSAMka', (saMpA. kA. phU. semapurA), pR. 88-89, citra naM. 43-44 10 je. pI amIna, khaMbhAtanI viziSTa zaivapratimAo, "vidyA",pu. 16, aMka 1, pR.70 11 R. N. Mehta, op. cit, p. 77 22. Goetz, op. cit., p. 40, figure 15 13-14. madhusUdana DhAMkI ane harizaMkara zAstrI, prabhAsa pATaNanAM prAcIna zakti-maMdira, phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA vaimAsika", pu. ra9, aMka 1, pR. 5 94. R. N. Mehta, op.cit, p.77 16. ka, bhA. dave, gujarAtanuM mUrtividhAna', pR. 427-428 17. ejana, pR. 4ra0-42 96. Burgess, The Muhammadan Architecture of Ahmedabad, p. 10, pl. Vi, figure 2 and illustration No. 2 on p. 11 19. pu. vi. joLakiyA, prabhAsa pATaNa myujhiyame prApta karelA keTalAka navA zilpakhaMDe,' svAdhyAya', pR. 6, pR. 510 citra naM. 3.

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42] [*. 20. Muni Jayantvijayaji, HolyAbu, pp. 35-36, figure 5; madhusUdana DhAMkI, vimalavasahI-keTalIka samasyAe ', vAdhyAya ", pu. 4, pR. 356-357 saltanata phAla ra1. muni jayaMtavijayajI, 'Avyu.' bhAga 1, pR. 104-105 22. pru vi. dheALakiyA, prabhAsapATaNe prApta karelA keTalAka navA zilpakha'DA ', 'svAdhyAya', pu. 6, pR. 508 23. K. F. Sompura, The Architectural Treatment of the Ajitanath Temple at Taranga', Vidya, Vol. XV, No. 1, p. 28 24. Ibid, pp. 17-18 25. Muni Jayantvijayaji, op. cit., p.36, figure 19 26. Ibid., p 96 27. Ibid., p. 137, figure 52 28. Ibid., pp. 129-131, figure 50; muni jayaMtavijayajI, uparyukta, bhAga 1pR 149-153, pR. 152 sAmenA paTTa 29. muni jaya'tavijaya, uparyukta, bhAga 1, pR. 46, pR. 46 sAmenA pada 30. Muni Jayantvijayaji, op. cit., p. 131 31. U. P. Shah, Iconography of the Jain Goddess Ambika', Journal of the University of Bombay, Vol, IX, Part II, P. 159, figure 22 32. Ibid., p. 159 33-34. U. P. Shah, Iconography of the Jain Goddess Sarasvati', Journal of the University of Bombay, Vol. X. Part II, p. 202 35. V. L. Devkar, 'Two Recently Acquired Jain Bronzes in the Baroda Museum', Bulletin of the Baroda Museum and Picture Gallery,, Vol. XIV, pp. 37-38, Pl. XXVI 66. H. Goetz, 'A Monument of the Old Gujarati Wood Sculpture', Bulletin of the Barcda Muscum and Picture Gellery, Vol VI, Parts I-II, p. 10, figure 25 67. Ibid., p. 11, figure 22 38. muni jayaMtavijayajI, uparyukta, bhAga 1, pR. 155, enI sAmeneA paTTu 39. Muni Jayantvijayaji, cp. cit. p. 131 40, Ibid., p. 37-38, figure 20 41. Ibid., p. 38, U. P. Shah's (foot) note 2 42. muni jayaMtavijayajI, uparyukta, bhAga 1, pR. 45

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16 muM, zilpakRtio Y=3. Muni Jayantvijayaji, op. cit, p. 97, figure 45 XX. Ibid., p. 97, (foot) note 3 74. H. Goetz, 'The Post-Medieval Sculptures of Gujarat, Bulletin of Baroda Museum and Picture Gallery, Vol. V, Parts I & II, p. 40, figure 13 46. Ibid, p. 46, figure 14 4-48. maNibhAI vorA, pALiyA ane khAMbhI, vIrapUjA, "Urmi-navaracanA", aMka 547-548, pR. 410. udAharaNa mATe juo ejana, 5. 439. 49. haribhAI gaudAnI, gujarAtanI pALiyA suSTi, "Urminavaracana", aMka 547 548, pR. 439-440 ane pR. 440 uparanuM rekhAMkana 50. kheDIdAsa paramAra, 440, "saurASTranA pALiyA khAMbhI ane tenAM zi9pa-pratIke', "Urmi-navaracanA', aMka 647-548, pR. 375 uparanuM rekhAMkana 51. dA.ta. jeThavA rANA rAmadevano dhUmalIne vi.saM. 1460 no zilAlekha A prakArane che. juo choTubhAI atri ane pravINu parIkha, dhumalIno rANA rAmadevanA samayano zilAlekha, "Urmi navaracanA', aMka 543-548, pR. 445 uparanuM citra 52. ja. ma. nANAvaTI, ane madhusUdana DhAMkI, gujarAtanI jalasamRddhi, "kumAra", aMka 471,pR 293, citra naM. 7 53. ejana, pR. 23, citra naM. 8 54. 2. bhI. jeTa, gujarAtanuM pATanagara', pR. 582 55. ejana, pR. 344, citra naM. 35 vs. Burgess, 'The Muhammadan Architecture of Gujarat, pl. XLVIII 44. Ibid., pl. LXXIV

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prakaraNa 17 citrakalA (a) laghucitro bhAratanI rAjapUta ane mughala citrakalAnI pahelAM, eTale ke 16 mI sadI paDelAM, laghucitra nI be prakAranI citrakalA maLI Ave che. A be prakAramAMthI eka prakAra nepALa ane uttara baMgALa taraphane 11 mI sadInA samayane maLI, Ave che ane bIjo prakAra gujarAta ane rAjasthAna bAjune 9 mI sadInA aMtasamayathI maLI Ave che. A baMne prakAronI kalAomAM ekabIjAnuM anukaraNa kaI rIte thayuM che eTale ke ekabIcha kalAne sIdho saMbaMdha hoya ema lAgatuM nathI, paraMtu e baMne kalA prAcIna bhAratavAsIoe potAnI meLesvataMtra rIte upajAvI kADhelI che. pUrva bhAratI citrakalA mukhyatve bauha. dharmanA hastalikhita graMthamAM maLe che, pazcima bhArata nI citrakalA mukhyatve AtAM nara jenA hastalikhita dhanagraMthamAM ane keTalAka jainetara graMthamAM maLI Ave che. A ladhucitra tADapatra kAgaLa ane kApaDa para banelAM che. AmAM tADapatra paranAM citra prAcIna che. muslimonA prabhAvathI kAgaLane vaparAza vadhatAM tADapatro paranAM lekhana ane citraNanI zramasAdhya pravRtti ghaTatI gaI ane kAgaLa para graMthalekhana ane citraNa vyApaka banyAM. bhAratanA badhA bhAgomAM Ama ja baneluM jovA maLe che. kA Da para mukhyatve lAMbA prasaMga paTTa citrita thayela jovA maLe che. A citrakalAnA vikAsamAM je dharmAvalaMbI rAjAo, amAtya ane zreNIoe bhAga bhajavyo che keTalAka ene jaina zailI' tarIke oLakhAve che. paraMtu kalAvivecaka rAyakRSNadAsanA matAnusAra kaMI paNa kalAraulIne dharma vizeSanA nAmathI oLakhavI ucita nathI.' A citrakalAne vikAsa gujarAtamAM thaye heI keTalAka ene "gujarAtI raulI' tarIke paNa oLakhAve che. Ama kahevAmAM paNa muzkelI e che ke A zailI gujarAta pUratI sImita na rahetAM mALavA nepALa uttara baMgALa vagere bhAgamAM prasarI hatI. Do. AnaMdakumAra svAmIe A raulIne pazcima bhAratanI zailI' tarIke oLakhAvI che tibeTI itihAsakAra tArAnAthe paNa

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citrakalA [ A zailIne e nAmathI oLakhAvI che. A zailInuM eka kaMdra mAravADa hatuM. vaLI enA keTalAka graMtha jaunapuramAMthI paNa bhaLelA che. A sthaLethI prApta thayelI citrita kalpasUtranI eka prata sArAbhAI navAbanA saMgrahamAM che. jonapura bhAratanA pUrva bhAgamAM AveluM che. A kAraNathI A zailIne pazcimI zailI' tarIke oLakhavAmAM paNa muzkelI Ave che. A zailI ajaMTA zailInuM bhraSTa svarUpa hovAthI keTalAka ene "apabhraMza zailI' tarIke paNa oLakhAve che.' pazcima bhAratanI A citrakalAne mukhya traNa vibhAgomAM vahecI zakAya ? pahelA be vibhAganI citrakalA tADapatranI hastapratamAM maLI Ave che. pahelA vibhAganI zarUAta solaMkI rAjyanA udayathI thAya che ne e lagabhaga vAghelA kAlanA aMta sudhI cAlu rahe che. bIjA vibhAganI kalAmAM bahAranI bIjI kalAonuM mizraNa thayeluM jaNAI Ave che. I.sa. 1300 thI 1445 nI AsapAsamAM lakhAyelI sacitra hastaprato A bIjA vibhAganA samaya daramyAnanI che. AvA vibhAganAM keTalAMka citra tADapatra para lakhelA graMthanI upara-nIce bAMdhavAmAM AvatI lAkaDAnI pATIo upara paNa maLe che. trIjA vibhAgamAM citra mukhyatve kAgaLanI hastalikhita pratomAM maLI Ave che. A citranI zarUAta I.sa.nI 15 mI sadInA AraMbhathI thatI jovA maLe che ane ene aMta 16 mI sadInA madhyakAla daramyAna thayo lAge che." A zailImAM 11 mI thI 15 mI sadI daramyAna suvarNa ane rajatanI zAhIthI mUlyavAna sacitra pothIonuM nirmANa bahu moTA pAyA para thayuM hatuM ane lagabhaga 17 mI sadI sudhI cAlu rahyuM hatuM. A prakAranI mUlyavAna pathIo Aje paNa amadAvAda khaMbhAta pATaNa vaDedarA surata bIkAnera jesalamIra pUnA muMbaI ane kalakattA vagere sthaLonA bhaMDAromAM surakSita che. - tADapatra ane kAgaLa upara dorelA citromAM pharaka spaSTa jaNAya che. tADapatra upara je citra taiyAra thayelAM che teomAM bArIka rekhAo ane kalAkAranAM pratibhA ane kauzalya jovA maLe che, paraMtu kAgaLa upara banAvelAM citromAM rekhAonI sUkSmatA ane kalAkAranAM pratibhA ane kauzalya kAMIka maMda jaNAya che.* A zailInA citrakAroe bhAratIya citrakalAmAM keTalIka navI paddhatio dAkhala karelI che. A vizeSatAone kAraNe A citroe potAnuM alaga mahatva tema alaga itihAsa taiyAra karyo che. enI vizeSatAone paricaya karIe. 1. A zailInAM citronI sauthI pahelI vizeSatA enA cayitraNamAM che. A citromAM A prakAranA cakSucitraNanI paddhati jaina maMdironAM zilpa ane

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s] satanata kAha [.. sthApatyamAMthI AvI che. prAcIna jaina pratimAomAM A prakAra najare paDe che. cakSacitranI A prakAranI paddhatine kAraNe A citra judAM tarI Ave che. emAM cakSu meTAM ane lAMbAM lagabhaga kAna sudhI pahoMce che, bhavAM ane nenI laMbAI samAna che. 2. raMgamAM paNa A citrone potAnI vizeSatA che. enI pRSThabhUmimAM moTe bhAge lAla raMga vaparAya che. evI rIte AvazyakatAnusAra vAdaLI pILo veta tathA nIlA raMgano upayoga thAya che. rAjapUta zailInA citrakAroe paNa lAla raMgane upayoga karyo che, paraMtu teone dRSTikoNa to zRMgAranA AvirbhAva rahyo che. tADapatro para aMkAyelA citramAM prAyaH pILA raMgano upayoga karele che, senerI raMga paNa upayogamAM levAmAM AvyA che. keTalAMka citronI pRSThabhUmi pILA tathA lAla raMganA mizraNathI banAvelI hoya che. vastracitra upara raMgAne prayoga karatI vakhate nA nAM nAnAM dhAbAM aMkita karAyAM che. A citromAM rekhAMkana zreSTha kArinuM heya che. rekhAone mukhya uddeza bhAne abhivyakta karavAnuM hoya che. A daSTithI tADapatra upara kalAkAroe je sUkSma rekhAo aMkita karI che te khUba suMdara che ane emAM vyakta thatAM kalAkAranAM pratibhA ane kauzalyanI prazaMsA karyA vagara rahI zakAtuM nathI, paraMtu tADapatrane badale kAgaLane upayoga karavAne lIdhe enI rekhAonuM sauSThava te ghaTI gayuM. senerI ane rUperI zAhIthI kiMmatI citronuM nirmANa thatuM e paNa A zailInI vizeSatA che. A zailImAM kAgaLa paranAM citromAM prAkRtika dazyo ATalAM suMdara pahelAM kadI rajU thatAM nahIM. A citromAM velabUTAnuM citraNa advitIya che. rAjapUta ane mughala citromAM velabuTAnuM rUpAMkana A citramAMthI lIdhuM lAge che. jaina graMthacitramAM madhyamAM chatra kamaLa svastika vagerenAM aMkana paNa emanI zobhAmAM vadhAro kare che. 5. jainadharmapradhAna citramAM nArInI rajU Ata amuka maryAdA sudhI karavAmAM AvI che. sAmAnya rIte jaina tIrthakaronI baMne bAjue yakSa-yakSiNIone yugalacitronI rajuAta suMdara rIte karavAmAM Ave che. nArI-citraNamAM mukhya tIrthakaronI adhiSThAtrI devI aMbikA padmAvatI sarasvatI ane cakezvarI vagere seLa mukhya devI Ave che. A devIonAM citromAM ujajaLa dhUma I, lokaraulI nI allaDatA, vastrasajATa ane hastamudrA vageremAM kala bhaktA tathA mAdhurya jaNAya che.

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muM]. citrakalA [497 6. vastrAbhUSaNanI dRSTie jenacitramAM chetInI sajAvaTa ane vastromAM suvarNa kalamathI velabuTA, dupaTTA ane mukuTa AkarSaka jaNAya che. strIonA zarIra upara coLI, cUMdaDI, detI ane kaTipaTa batAvelA che. AbhUSaNemA mukuTa ane mALAonI adhikatA jaNAya che. strIonA bhAla upara cAMle, kAnamAM kuMDaLa ane bAhu para bAjubaMdha hoya che. saghaLAM citromAM ratnamALAonuM alaMkaraNa che. 7. citrono AkAra ekacakSmI, deDhacamI ke becazmI heya che. mukha uparanI rekhAomAM gaurava garva tathA abhimAna prakaTa thAya te rItanuM khAkana karavAmAM Ave che. AkRtiomAM nAsikA popaTane cAMca je ane pramANamAM adhika lAMbI jaNAya che. 8. A citromAM tatkAlIna lekakalA, sAcA arthamAM a bhavyakta thaI che. A citrakalAmAM tatkAlIna lekakalAnuM samAna eTalA mATe thayeluM che ke eka to e dhArmika sImAomAM baMdhAyelI rahI che ane bAju rAjAzayAnA vilAsI vAtAvaraNathI mukta rahI che. enI AkRtio rekhAo ane sajAvaTamAM sarvatra lekakalAnuM mohaka rU5 vidyamAna che. jaina dharmanAM citromAM A lekakalAne AdhAra tIrthakaronA jIvanakathanamAM rahele che. A kathAo ghaNuM manoraMjaka heya che, uparAMta emAM tatkAlIna lokajIvana tathA lekasaMskRti pratibiMbita thAya che. gujarAtanI A kalA bhAratIya citrakalAnA itihAsa mATe bahu ja mahattvanI che, enuM kAraNa A citrakalAnA nAnA agara moTA dareka citre keTalAye saikAo sudhI ajaMtA bAgha ane elerAnI guphAonAM bhitticitronI paraMparA jALavI rAkhI che. vaLI svacchatA ane suMdaratAmAM AgaLa paDatI ane prakhyAtimAM AvelI rAjapUta ane mughalakalAnI e janmadAtrI che.8 mughala samaya pahelenAM jUnAM citromAM strIonA mAthA upara oDhaNuM agara sADI oDhelI jaNAtA .thI. strIo coLI pahere che, paNa tenA mAthAna bhAga tadana khullo hoya che. mughala samaya pahelAMnAM citromAM strIonI mAphaka puruSono paNa lAMbA vALa hoya che ane teoe aMDA vALelA dekhAI Ave che. puruSo dADhI rAkhatA ane kAnamAM AbhUSaNa paheratA. mughala kAlathI strIoe bhathe i-5-32

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498] satata kAla [. evAne ane puruSoe mAthAnA lAMbA vALa tathA dADhI kADhI nAkhavAno rivAja gujarAtamAM paDelo hoya ema lAge che. A paulInAM citromAM elerAnAM citro pachI sauthI prAcIna udAharaNa zvetAMbara jaina saMpradAyanA "nizIthacUrNA' nAmanA graMthanI I.sa. 1100nI tADapatrI prata che, je pATaNanA saMdhavI-pADAnA graMthabhaMDAramAM che. tyAra pachInAM udAharaNa tADapatra para lakhAyelI vetAMbara jaina thiIomAM che, jeno samaya I. sa. 1100 thI 1500 sudhIne che. emAMnI mukhya prato A pramANe che : 1. khaMbhAtanA zAMtinAtha bhaMDAramAM I.sa. 1127nAM cAra aMgasUtra 2. e ja bhaMDAramAM I.sa. 1143nI dazavaikAlikalagvRtti. che. vaDodarA pAsenA eka jaina pustakabhaMDAramAM I.sa. 1161 nI eka pratamAM e niryukti" vagere sAta graMtha che, jemAM soLa vidyAdevIo, sarasvatI lakSmI aMbikA cakadevI vagere, tathA kapadI yakSa ane brahmazAMti yakSa vagerenAM 21 citra che. . pATaNanA A bhaMDAramAM I. sa. 1237nA "triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritranuM | dazama pave. 5. khaMbhAtanA upara jaNAvelA bhaMDAramAM I.sa. 1241nuM neminAtha caritra. 6. pATaNanA A pustaka bhaMDAramAM I.sa. 1376 ne kyAratnasAgara'. 7. baeNsTana(amerikA)nA saMgrahAlayamAM I.sa. 139nI zrAvakapratikramaNacUNI.* kApaDa upara karelAM citromAM pATaNanA graMthabhaMDAramAne I. sa. 1433ne cAMpAnerane prasaMgocita paMcatIthI paTa ullekhanIya che. tyAra bAda "vasaMtavilAsa' Ave che. e paNa ziMgTananI ArTa gelerImAM che. A pacitromAM sajIvatA jaNAya che. vasaMtavilAsanAM citromAM te jANe sAkSAta vasaMta heya ema lAge che. puSita vanavRkSalatA, zrama, kalarava karatI nadIo, premI yugalanI vicitra kIDAo, pazupakSI vagere suMdara rIte rajU karelAM che.' apabhraMza zailInAM keTalAMka citra kAgaLanI pothIomAM maLe che. kalpasUtranI sauthI jUnI jANItI citrita prata I.sa. 1415nI che, je muMbaI nI rela eziyATika sosAyaTIne pustakAlayamAM che. A ja varSanI eka prata lIMmaDImAM zeTha ANaMdajI kalyANajInI peDhImAM che.

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17 6] zivalA, kAgaLanI viziSTa pratamAM jenapuranuM "kalpasUtra' che. e suvarNAkSaramAM lakhAyeluM che. e vaDodarAnI narasiMhajInA piLanA jJAnamaMdiramAM surakSita che. citro enA hAMsiyAmAM vividha ane suMdara alaMkAra cItarelA che. ene samaya I. sa. 1465 che. amadAvAdamAM muni dayavijayajInA saMgrahamAM kalpasUtranI eka prati che. enA upara varSa ApeluM nathI, paraMtu enI lipi jotAM e 15 mI sadInA uttarAdhanI hoya ema lAge che. A suvarNAkSarI pratamAM apabhraMza zailInI uttamatA ane alaMkRtapaNAnI parAkASThA jaNAya che A zailInI barAbarI kare tevI bIjI koI prata jANamAM nathI. enA hAMsiyAmAM rAgarAgiNI, tAna, mUInA tathA vividha nRtya, bhAvabhaMgI vagerenAM aneka citra enA nAma sAthe aMkita karelAM che. enI sAthe sAthe IrAnI citranI pratikRtio paNa banAvelI che. A kAlanI kalpasatranI eka sacitra prata gujarAta vidyAsabhAnA saMgrahamAM che (pada 40, A. 68). kAgaLa para lakhelA jainetara sacitra graMthamAM "bAlage pAla-stuti"nI eka prata baeNsTananA saMgrahAlayamAM che, bIjI gujarAtamAM che. bhogIlAla ja. saDesarAnA saMgrahamAM che. bIjI be prato prinsa opha velsa myujhiyama, muMbaImAM ane eka kalakattAnA bhArata kalAbhavanamAM che. "saptazatI'nA eka prata vaDodarAmAM pra. maMjulAla majamUdAranA saMgrahamAM tathA bIjI be bhArata kalAbhavanamAM che. AvA jainetara thenI vadhu prato prApta thatI rahe che. "bAlagopAla-stutinAM citromAM bhAvanApUrNa temaja saptazatInAM citromAM gatimattA tathA ojasathI sabhara Alekhana che. (A) bhinicitro A kAlanAM mahAlayamAM bhitticitro cItarAtAM haze enI pratIti maLe che, paraMtu kALakrame ene sadaMtara nAza thayo che, jethI ullekhI zakAya tevA namUnA bahu thoDA athavA nahivata che ne je che te paNa naSTaprAya sthitimAM che. khAsa karIne bhitticitra ITarI ImArata para karavAmAM AvatAM. joLakAnI khAna masjinI aMdaranI bAjunA bhAgamAM hajIya geruA raMganAM AlekhanenAM eMdhANa ane suzobhane jovA maLe che. sarakhejanA saiyada sAhebanA rojanI chatane keTaloka bhAga cItarele che ane e hajIya mejUda che. emAM suzobhanAtmaka pravAhI rUpAMkana kareluM che, je atyAre paNa joI zakAya che. cAMpAneramAMthI khodakAmamAM bahAra AvelAM ghaNAM gharonI bhIMta para citronA avazeSa jovA maLe che. vaLI sarakhejanA rojAnI bahAra kabara che temAM paNa rekhAMkane jovA maLe che. A uparathI A kAlamAM cUnAnA plAsTara para bhitticitro karavAnI paddhati pracalita hatI e jANavA maLe che,

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m] ARCH IM. pAdaTIpa 1. rAyakRSNadAsa, 'bhAratakI citrakalA', pR. 42 2. avinAza bahAdura varmA, 'bhAratIya citrakalAkA itihAsa', pR. 82 3-4. ejana pR. 82 5. sArAbhAI navAba, jena citrakalpamAM, pR. 29-31 5. vAcaspati gairolA, 'bhAratIya citrakalAkA saMkSipta itihAsa', pR. 52-53 7. ejana, pR. 53-55 8. sAmAS nAma, upayukta, 5. 31 1. sena, 5. 38 10. rAyakRSNadAsa uparyukta, pR. 40 11. M. R. Majmudar, Cultural History of Gujarat, p. 292 12. rAyakRSNadAsa, upakta, pR. 41

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pariziSTa gujarAtamAM AvelA videzI pravAsIoe karelI ne | gujarAtamAM muslima sattAne AraMbha thayA bAda je videzI pravAsIo AvyA teomAM muslima pravAsIomAM sauthI vadhu khyAtanAma banela morokkone vatanI Ibna baTUtA hato. eNe gujarAtanAM khaMbhAta gaMdhAra ane ghoghAnAM baMdaranI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. khaMbhAtanuM varNana karatAM e lakhe che ke "A zahera enI uttama racanA ane enI marijadanA sthApatyanI bAbatamAM sauthI suMdara zaheramAMnuM eka che. enuM kAraNa e che ke enA moTA bhAganA rahevAsI videzI vepArI che, jeo hamezAM suMdara mahela ane majido bAMdhe che ane ema karavAmAM eka bIjA sAthe saMpardhAmAM Utare che. A zaherano senApati mukabIla-uta-tilaMgI. che ane ene nAyaba isaphanane juvAna zekha che. sthAnika sUbAe ibna baTUtAne enI maMDaLIo sAthe mijabAnI ApI hatI. eNe je dhanADhya vepArIonA bhavya mahelanI mAhitI ApI che temAM zarIpha amU-samarInA mahelanuM mukhya dvAra khaMbhAta zaheranA pravezadvAra jevuM havAnuM, vepArIonA rAjA jevA alu kajhArUnInA mahelamAM aMgata majida hevAnuM ane najamuddIna-algilAnI, je sulatAna para bhAre vaga dharAvato hato, teNe zaheranA sUbA tarIke potAnI nimaNUka karAvyAnuM jaNAve che. khaMbhAtathI banne batUtA enI maMDaLI sAthe kAvI ane pachIthI gaMdhAra gaye. gaMdhAra A samayanuM mahattvanuM baMdara hatuM. A baMne sthaLo eka hiMdu khaDiyA rAjAnA tAbAnAM hatAM. gaMdhAra pahoMcatAM tyAMnA rAjAe sAme AvI emanuM svAgata karyuM, mAna ApyuM ane pitAnA mahelamAM rahevA sagavaDa ApI. ahIMthI alu-jAgIra nAmanuM moTuM jahAja ane bIjI pacAsa nAnI hoDIovALo ane ebisiniyana cokiyAtothI sajaja kAphalo laI e saurASTranA dariyAkAMThAthI cAra mAIla dUra Avela pIramabeTa pahoMcyo. muslimee pIrama beTanI hiMdI vastIne hAMkI kADhI hovAthI e beTa nirjana banyA hatA, paNa khaMbhAtanA ala kajhAranIe ahIM killebaMdhI jevI vyavasthA karAvI keTalAka muslimone vasAvyA hatA. bIje divase ane baTUtA saurASTranA pUrva kAMThe Avela prakhyAta baMdara ghaMghA Avyo. e moTAM ane mahattvanAM bajAra mATe jANItuM

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pa02] satanata kAle [pari. 'hatuM. dariyAmAM chIcharI bharatI hovAnA kAraNe enA jahAjane dariyAkAMThAthI cAra mAIla dUra naMgarAvavAmAM AvyuM. ghoghAnI prAcIna majidanI mulAkAta laI ane sAMjanI namAja paDhIne e pAcho pharyo. eNe ghoghAno rAjA binadharmI eTale ke binamuslima ane e sulatAnane mAtra nAma mAtrane ja tAbedAra hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. A pachI Ibna battAe dakSi hiMdanA kAMThA tarapha pitAne pravAsa zarU karyo.* Ibna baTUtA pachI videzI pravAsIomAM mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM gujarAtanI mulAkAta lenAra bolognAne nivAsI luDavIke DI varthemAM noMdhapAtra che. eNe 1502 thI 1508 daramyAna hiMdano pravAsa karyo hato. eNe 1506 nA arasAmAM khaMbhAta sahita hiMdanAM pazcima kAMThAnAM baMdaronI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. varthemAe mahamUda begaDAnAM dekhAva ane TenuM varNana rasamaya zailImAM karyuM che. e jaNAve che ke "sulatAnanI mUche eTalI badhI lAMbI che ke jema strI potAnI vALanI laTo bAMdhe tema e potAnA mAthA para bAMdhe che ane enI sapheda dADhI cheka enI kamara sudhI pahoMce che. e roja jhera (kherAkamAM) khAya che. e...... je vyaktine mArI nAkhavA IcchatA hoya tenA ughADA zarIra para pAna khAI picakArI mAre che, jethI karIne e vyakti aDadhA kalAkanA samayamAM marelI hAlatamAM jamIna para paTakAya che. je je samaye jyAre e potAnuM paheraNa utArI le che tyAre ene pharI koI kadI aDakatuM nathI. mArA sAthIdAre pUcheluM ke sulatAna AvI rIte zA mATe jhera khAya che tyAre keTalAka vepArIo, je sulatAna karatAM uMmaramAM moTA hatA, temaNe javAba Apela ke bALapaNathI ja enA. (sulatAnanA) pitAe ene jhera khavaDAvyuM hatuM. vamAnI A vAtane bIjA eka phiraMgI pravAsI DayuArTa bArasA, je sulatAna mahamUdanA avasAna pachI I. sa. 1515 mAM gujarAtamAM Avyo hato, tenI noMdhathI samarthana maLe che. bArasAnA jaNAvyA pramANe e sulatAnane nAnapaNathI ja khorAkamAM jhera ApavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. ane A rAjA e eTalA thoDA pramANamAM leto ke e ene keI hAni karI zakatuM nahi. ane emAMthI e A jAtane AhAra evI rIte vadhArato gayo ke e moTA pramANamAM khAI zakata. ane e kAraNathI ja e eTale badhe jheramaya banI gayA hatA. je mAkhI enA hAtha para bese to e phUlI jatI ane tarata ja marI jaI nIce paDI jatI. AvuM jhera e khAvAnuM choDI zakato nahi, kAraNa ke ene Dara hato ke jo ene upayoga pita nahi kare te turata ja marI jaze.

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ziSTa gujarAtamAM AvelA videzI pravAsIoe karelI che [pa03 vamA ane bArabosAnI kavionAM yuropanI bIjI bhASAomAM bhASAMtara kapriya thayelAM hatAM ethI mahamUda begaDe enI AvI aMgata Tevane lIdhe yuro5bharamAM hiMdanA itihAsane bhUrI dADhIvALA' tarIke paMkAye hato. joke e nedhavuM joIe ke gujarAtanA muslima tavArIkhakAre mahamUdanA jheravyApI zarIrabAMdhA vize kaMI nirdeza ApatA nathI, paNa "mirAte sikaMdarIno lekhaka sikaMdara mahamUdanI pAcanazakti ghaNI ja prabaLa hatI ane ene divasa tathA rAtrine AhAra vadhu pramANamAM hato ene ullekha te kare ja che.8 bArabosAnA jaNuMvyA pramANe e jyAre gujarAtanA pravAse AvyA tyAre ahIM ahamadazAhI vaMzanI pratiSThA hiMdanAM rAjyamAM ucca sthAne hatI tathA dilhInA sulatAnanI sattAnI barAbarI karI zake tevI rIte ene phelAvo thayo hatA. gujarAtanI uttare ne pazcime AvelAM keTalAMya ardhasvataMtra rAjapUta rAjyo gujarAtanA sulatAne sAthe satata yuddhamaya pravRtti calAvatAM hatAM. rAjapUtonI ghoDesavArI tathA bANavidyA ane emanI gheTAM tathA mAchalI khAvAnI Tevane eNe nirdeza karyo che. rAjapUtothI bIjA krame vaNika kemane moTA dukAnadAro ane vepArIo tarIke ullekha karyo che, paNa emAM meTA bhAge gujarAtanA jainenA rItarivAjanuM varNana che. teo moTI saMkhyAmAM ghaNAM nagaromAM hatA ane kaI paNa prakAranI jIvahiMsAnA moTA virodhI hatA. A saMbaMdhamAM bArasA jaNAve che ke "A loko haMmeza mATe ahiMsAnA maMtranuM ghaNuM saMyamathI pAlana kare che. mAMsa ke macchI ke anya koI sajIva satva khAtA nathI. teo koInI hatyA karatA nathI, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa koI prANunI thatI hatyA jevAnI vRtti paNa rAkhatA nathI. ethI ghaNI vAra evuM bane che ke mUra(muslima) leko. emanI pAse nAnAM paMkhIo ke jIvaDAM lAve che ane emanI hAjarImAM hatyA kara nAno dekhAva kare che ane vaNiko emanI (paMkhIo vagerenI) jiMdagI bacAvavA mATe emano kiMmata karatAM paNa vadhu ApIne e kharIde che, cheDI devA paisA Ape che ane javA de che. teo dehAMtadaMDanA kedIne zakya hoya to kharIdIne ene metamAMthI ugArI le che. keTalAka phakIro ane dAna meLavavA Icchuka leke emanI samakSa pitAnA zarIra para ghA karavAnA dekhAva karIne meTI rakamanAM dAna meLave che. vaNikanA khorAkamAM dUdha mAkhaNa khAMDa ane cokhA hatA. teo phaLo ane zAkabhAjI moTA pramANamAM khAtA hatA. puruSo ane strIo baMne divasamAM

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504] saltanata kAla [pari be vAra snAna karatAM, jethI karIne emaNe e be snAna vaccenA gALAmAM je pApeA karyo hoya te dhovAI jAya. strIenI jema puruSA paNu lAMbA vALa rAkhatA ane ane mAthA para vALI laI upara pAdhaDI bAMdhatA. kesara ane khIjA suga Mdhita dravyathI mizrita sapheda sukhaDane lepa tee lagADatA. teeka MmatI ratna vagerethI jaDita sAnAnAM kuMDaLa paheravAnA ane kapaDAM para senAnA kamarabaMdha bAMdhavAnA khUba zekhIta hatA. tee senA ane cAMdIthI suza|bhita na charI. cappu sivAya bIjA |I zastra rAkhatA nahi ane emanuM rakSa kuMtAnuM kAma muslima zAsako para cheADatA. bAramAsAe vaNika sIene suMdara ane nAjuka tathA zyAma ane UjaLa vAnanI varNavI che. e strIe khulA page krUratI, pagamAM sAnA cAMdInA bhAre vajananA teDA paheratI, ane paganAM aMgUThA ane AMgaLIe para vITI ane veDha paheratI. tenA kAna eka IMDu pasAra thaI zake teTalA paheALA' vIdhavAmAM AvatA. jemAM tee seAnAcAMdInAM jADA kuMDaLa paheratI, strIone mATe bhAge ghera ja purAyelA jevI sthitimAM rAkhavAmAM Ave che. khArakhasAe gujarAtanI muslima vastInA svarUpanuM Alekhana karyuM che. amAM turkI arae IrAnA mansUkA ( IjiptanA) ane khArAsAe te samAveza thatA hatA. A lIkA mATe bhAge veSAra mATe AvelA hatA. emanAM jahAja gujarAtanA dariyAkAMThAnAM dhaNAM badarAe nAMgarelAM rahetAM. anya loko ahIMnA sulatAnAnI pagAra ApavAmAM rahelI dAstAthI ane dezanI sa MpattithI AkarSAIne AvelA hatA 11 gujarAtanA zAsaka vargonI vaibhavapUrNa raheNIkaraNI paNa khAramAsAe noMdhI che. sukhI vanA leka senerI rezamI jevA bhapakAdAra pAka paherIne tA. emanI senA ke cAMdI jaDita mUkI kaTAre. emanA darajjAnuM darzana karAvatI. puruSo mAthuM mUMDAvI nAkhatA ane pAdhaDI ke luMgI paheratA, muslima strIM namaNI ane suMdara hatI, tene dhara mAM rAkhavAmAM AvatI. emane bahAra javAnuM AvatuM teA emanA para koInI nar na paDe e mATe pUrI rIte DhaMkAyelI gheADAgImAM laI javAmAM AvatI.12 sulatAnanI lazkarI vyavasthA aMge paNa khAramAsAe sArI noMdha lIdhI che. sulatAne lazkarI taMtranA jarUrI bhAga tarIke tAlIma pAmela hAthIdaLa rAkhatA, emAM 400 ke 500 meTA ane uttama kreTinA hAthI rAkhavAmAM AvatA. ene upayAga rAjapUta rAjAe! ke khIjA sAme karavAmAM AvatA. AvA hAthI dAhoda (paMcamahAla jillA) najIkanAM jaMgalAmAMthI pakaDavAmAM AvatA. taduparAMta malabAra

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ziSTa gujarAtamAM AvelA videzI pravAsIoe karelI noMdhe piN ane silenathI dariyAmArge vepArIo laI AvIne vecatA. dareka hAthInI kiMmata 1500 phuDa hatI. A A laDAImAM eka hAthI para traNathI cAra mANasa sArI rIte saMrakSAyelA kilA (hAvaDA)mAM bANa tIra baMdUka ane bIjA zastra laIne besatA ne zatru sAme mAro calAvatA, paNa bArabosA jaNAve che ke hAthIe jyAre ghavAtA tyAre nAsabhAga karI lazkaramAM moTe gUMcavADe Ubho karatA. 14 gujarAtamAM bIjuM mahatvanuM aMga azvadaLa hatuM. gheDA dezamAM ja ucheravAmAM AvatA ne e uttama koTinA hatA. ghoDAone yuddhamAM khUba sAro upayoga thato hato. IrAnI turka yoddhAo prAcIna IrAnI ramatacagAna ramavAmAM paNa ghaDAone upayoga karatA." bArabosAe gujarAtanAM be mukhya zahera-cAMpAnera ane amadAvAda-nA e vistArane, tyAMnI anekavidha pravRttione tathA dariyAkAMThA para AvelA 12 jeTalAM baMdara-nagarane ahevAla Apyo che. A samayamAM gujarAtanA zAsaka ke rAjAne khaMbhAtanA rAjA tarIke oLakhavAmAM Avato. 16 - ca pAnera vize lakhatAM bArasA jaNAve che ke mahamUda begaDAe rAjapUta rAjA pAsethI jItI lai pitAne darabAra tyAM khaseDyo hate. A zahera dUdha ane madhathI sabhara hatuM. tyAMnAM sapATa medAnomAM ghauM java juvAra cokhA ane caNA tathA kaThoLa puSkaLa pramANamAM thatAM hatAM. ahIM sulatAna mujhaphaphara 2 je moTI saMkhyAmAM bAjapakSI, zakaro, capaLa ane pAtaLA zikArI kUtarA, gunAledhaka kUtarA tathA cittAne zikAramAM upayogI bane e mATe rAkhato hato. eNe pAMjarAmAM pUrelAM jaMgalI pazuonuM saMgrahAlaya pitAnA AnaMda mATe rAkhyuM hatuM, jemAM e duniyAnA ghaNA bhAgomAMthI prANIo magAvato. bArabesA cAMpAnera pachI aMdavA (amadAvAda) vize varNana Ape che, e cAMpAnera karatAM ghaNuM dhanADhatha ane kadamAM ghaNuM moTuM hatuM. tyAM sulatAne darabAra bharatA hatA. cAMpAnera ane amadAvAda zahere emanI majabUta dIvAle ane pAvAtya DhabanAM chAparAMvALAM suMdara makAnothI zobhatAM hovAnuM e jaNAve che. 17 bAbAsAe saMpatti vaibhava udyoga ane hunnaradhaMdhAnI bAbatamAM khaMbhAtanAM muktakaMThe vakhANa karyA che. A nagara bharakhya jillAnI vacce AveluM hovAthI dareka cIjane puravaThe tyAM bharapUra pramANamAM maLI rahe. zaheranI

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5] satata kAla pirizerIonuM ekaThA AkAramAM bAMdhakAma thayeluM hatuM. enAM paththara tathA cUnA vaDe bAMdhelAM UcAM makAna bArIo ane lAdIvALAM chAparAMthI zobhatAM hatAM. ahIMnA rahevAsI hiMdu ane muslima baMne varganA hatA. e moTA bhAge vepArI hatA. samagra hiMdanA vepAranA keMdra tarIke jANItA banelA A zaheramAM jene "tavaNanI kahI zakAya tevI videzI prajA paNa hatI.18 khaMbhAtanA nAgariko "bhAre saMskArI, sAro pozAka paheranArA, mojIluM jIvana gALanArA, ane AnaMdapramoda karanArA tathA durgaNavALA' hatA. leke ghaDA ke baLada joDelI gADIomAM bahAra jatA. dhanADhaya vargo nI ghaNuM gADI "eka baMdha ane zaNagArAyelA eAraDA' jevI hatI 19 khaMbhAta enI yAMtrika kAmagIrI ane hunaravivAo mATe khUba paMkAyeluM tuM. tyAM dareka prakAranuM sutarAu ane rezamI kApaDa makhamala sATIna ane jADA gAlIcA banatA hatA. hAthIdAMtane upayoga jemAM vadhu pramANamAM thato hato tevI vastuo, jemake kaMgana, talavAranI mUTha, pAsA potajanAM maherA, zetaraMjapaTa ane palaMgano khAsa ullekha bArabosAe karyo che. khaMbhAta hIrA ghasavAnA kendra tarIke jANItuM hatuM. tyAM kRtrima mUlyavAna paththaro ane motI banAvavAmAM AvatAM, je sAcAMnI jema dekhAtAM. ahIMnA sonI emanA kAmamAM pravINa hatA. ahIM ala-akIka ane sAmAnya akIka tathA sAmAnya, paNa mUlyavAna paththarone maTe vepAra cAlate. akIka jevA paththarone vepAra khaMbhAtathI yuropa ane pazcima eziyA sAthe cAlato hato, paNa AnI khANa khaMbhAtathI ghaNe dUra aMdaranA bhAgamAM narmadA kAMThe Avela limodarA(bharUca jillA)mAM hatI. bArabosAnA nedhavA mujaba limodarA akIkanA dhIkatA vepAranuM mukhya keMdra hatuM. ahIM paththarone camakadAra banAvIne vIMTIo talavAra ke khaMjaranA hAthA mATenI mUTho ane bIjI ghaNI vastu banAvanArA niSNAta kArIgaro jaDI AvatA. samaya jatAM limodarAthI A udyoga khaMbhAta pheravAyA hatA.* bAbAsAe khaMbhAta pachI dIva TApunA zaheranuM varNana karyuM che. dIva meTA ane dhIkatA vepArI keMdra tarIke hevA chatAM khaMbhAtamAM je vividha prakAranI audyogika pravRttio thatI hatI teono ahIM abhAva hato. Ama chatAM A baMdare moTI ane kiMmatI cIjonI heraphera thavAthI enA zAsakone Azcarya pamADe tevI ghaNI moTI Avaka thatI hatI.21 ahIMnA sUbA malika ayAjha vize bAbAsAe lakhyuM che ke e vRddha puruSa nyAyI khaMtIlo ane vidvAna che. enI pAse ghaNuM zaktizALI topakhAnuM che, je divase divase tAkAtavAna banatuM jAya che. enI

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zie] gujarAtamAM AvelA rizI pravAsIoe karelI che [57 pAse halesAM mArIne calAvI zakAya tevI aneka sapATa nAnI heDIo che, je suMdara vATanI ane susajaja che. eNe baMdaranI pelI bAjue majabUta sAMkaLa baMdhAvI che ane ApaNA svAmI (porTugalanA ) rAjAnA pratApanA moTA bhayathI A topakhAnuM sajaja rakhAyuM che. 22 dIva pachI tApIne kAMThe Avela rAMdera baMdarano ullekha bArasA kare che. tyAM rahetA araba vepArIo saMskArI ane udAra matanA hatA. teo UjaLA ane namra hatA. emanI strIo svarUpavAna hatI. e samayanA muslimomAM pracalita rivAja pramANe e gharamAM purAI rahetI nahi, paNa divase e pitAnAM mukha DhAMkavA vagara bahAra jatI. lokonAM makAna suMdara bAMdhaNInAM ane sajAvaTavALAM hatAM. makAnanA saMmukha eraDA dIvAnakhaMDamAM cAre tarapha chAjalIenI hAramALA hatI, jemAM cInathI lAvelAM cInAI mATInAM manohara kiMmatI vAsaNa goThavyAM hatAM. 23 surata vize lakhatAM bAra esA jaNAve che ke e radera karatAM UtaratI kakSAnuM hatuM, ema chatAM khaMbhAtanA rAjAne suratamAMthI meTI jakAtI Avaka thatI hatI. bArabosA khaMbhAta dIva rAMdera ane surata uparAMta khaMbhAtanA akhAtathI muMbaI sudhInA dariyAkAMThA para AvelAM vepAra-samRddha ATha bIjAM baMdarone ullekha kare che, emAM pATaNa-somanAtha mAMgaroLa ghoghA ane bhAvanagaranI barAbara sAmenA bhAgamAM Avela gaMdhAra damaNa dahANuM vasaI ane thANAne samAveza thAya che. thANA ane mAhIma mATe e lakhe che ke tyAM ghaNA bAgabagIcA maMdira tema masjida hatAM. e sArAM baMdara hoI tyAM cAMciyAone aDDo hate. teo pazcimanA kAMThA para nAnAM jahAjo mATe AphatarUpa hatA.24 ApaNane bArasA pachI nAmAMkita tuka vidvAna kavi lekhaka gaNitazAstrI ane sAgarazAstrano paMDita sIdI alI bina husena, je alI rejIsanA nAmathI jANIto che, tene ahevAla gujarAta vize jovA maLe che. 25 e jyAre gujarAtamAM Avyo tyAre gujarAtanuM rAjya DAmADoLa sthitimAM hatuM. rAjakIya ane AMtarika vikhavAde vadhI gayA hatA, kAraNa ke e vakhate kizoravasthAne ahamada trIjo (1514-1561) sulatAna tarIke hatA. sIdI alIne rAjakIya vikhavAdone kaDavo anubhava thayo hato. turkonA sulatAna sulemAne pUrvanA dezamAM potAnI sattA phelAvavA ane sthApavAnI tathA phiraMgIone hiMdI mahAsAgaranA jaLavistAramAMthI hAMkI kADhavAnI

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sahamata kAla piri. kAmagIrI AraMbhI hatI. ene keTalIka niSphaLatA maLyA pachI sIdI alIne A kAme mokalyo. zarUAtamAM e arabI samudramAM emananA akhAtamAM bhakata khAte phiraMgIo sAthenI laDAImAM hArI jatAM tyAMthI nAsI chUTI chevaTe salAmatI meLavavA gujarAtanA kAMThe saurASTramAM AvI pahoMcyA. ahIMthI phiraMgIonA bhayathI ane dariyAI AphatothI parezAna thaI chevaTe surata jaI pahoMcyA. A samaye suratamAM gujarAtanA sulatAna ahamada sAme ahIMnA umarAva nAsIra-ulU-mulka phiraMgI sAthe maLI jaI baMDa karyuM hatuM. sulatAne A baDa kevI rIte samAvyuM enuM sIdI alIe vigatavAra varNana karyuM che. jiMgIone kAle gujarAta kAMThe AvI pahoMcavAnI vakI hatI tethI sIdI alIe laDavAnI taiyArI rAkhI hatI ane e sthitimAM be mahinA pasAra karyo. e jaNAve che ke baMDAra nAsIra-umuke e nI hatyA karAvavA ke ene jhera ApavA mATe mANasa rokaLyA hatA, paNa e mANasenA prayAsa niSphaLa gayA hatA. nAsIra-ula-mulkanA avasAna pachI suratanA sUbA khudAvaMdakhAna pAse phiraMgIono elacI Avyo ane eNe kahyuM ke surata pratye phira gIone duzmanAvaTa nathI, paNa tukI naukAdhipati (sIdI alI) pratye che tethI ene phiraMgIone havAle karavo joIe, SNa khudAvaMdakhAne A mAgaNIne tarata ja nakArI kADhI. sIdI alInI noMdha mujaba phiraMgI glacInI AvI mAgaNIthI potAnA sainika uzkerAyA ane phiraMgI elacInI hatyA karavA tatpara banyA, paNa sadI alIe paradezI bhUmi para AvuM kAma karatAM potAnA sainikone aTakAvyA hatA.ra3 IjiptanA pitAnA tuka nakA kAphalAnI sthiti varNavatAM sIdI alInI kaparI sthitine khyAla Ave che. ene kAle ghaNuM mahinAthI suratamAM aTakI paDyo hato, tethI enA sainike ane khalAsIo becena banyA hatA. be varSa sudhI emane pagAra maLyo na hato. emane saraMjAma khalAsa thayela hatuM. emanAM jahAja bismAra hAlatamAM hatAM tethI ijipta pAchA pharavAnuM emane mATe azakya hatuM. AvI sthitimAM keTalAke surata ane bharUcanA sUbAonI nokarI svIkArI. vaLI lazkarI sarasAmAna paNa suratanA sUbA khudAvaMdakhAna vecI de paDyo. Ama kAle veravikhera thaI jatAM e pite tathA IjiptanA sulatAnanA paheregIreno vaDe mustaphA AgA 50 amaladAre sAthe amadAvAda tarapha ravAnA tharA (1554). ene IrAdo gujarAtathI jamInamAge tukI javAne hato. amadAvAdanA mArge bharUca vaDodarA ane cAMpAnera thaIne jatAM rastAmAM

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zi] gujarAtamAM AvelA dezI pravAsIoe karelI noMdho mira joyelAM aricita jhADAnuM varNana sIdI alIe karyu che. AmAM vaDavAgeALa, kALA meAMnA cenacALA karatA vAMdarAe vagerenuM vana rasika che.27 sIdI alI ane enA sAthI suratathI nIkaLI lagabhaga 15 divasanA pravAsa khAda mahemadAvAda thaI amadAvAda AvI paheoMcyA. tyAM sIdIe juvAna sulatAna ane vaDA vajIra imAdumulkanI mulAkAta lIdhI, eNe petAnAM adhikArapatra rajU karatAM sulatAne pravAsa mATe ene eka dheDA, keTalAMka UMTa ane nANAM ApyAM. amadAvAdamAM vajIra imA dumulkane tyAM agAuthI pahoMcI gayelA phiraMgI elacIe tukI naukAdhipati sIdI alIne phrigIene havAle karavA mAgaNI karI. A bAbatamAM vajIranI hAjarImAM phiraMgI elacI sAthe peAtAne thayelA garamAgarama savAla-javAbanI sIdI alIe sarasa zabdamAM nAMdha karI che.28 amadAvAda najIka sarakhejamAM sIdIe zekha ahamada khaknI daragAhanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. sulatAna ahamade ene mATI jAgIra ApI bharUcanA killAnI saradArI ApavA taiyArI batAvI, pazu sIdIe enA asvIkAra karI ene ane enA sAthIone javA devAnI paravAnagI mAgI, je ene ApavAmAM AvI. amadAvAda cheADatI vakhate sthAnika muslimAe sIdI alIne e bhATa(cAraNa) bhomiyA tarIke ane rakSaNa mATe ApyA. gujarAtanA bhATa leAkeA vize sIdI alIe je varNana karyuM che temAM bhATAnI vIratA, rAjapUtanI emanA pratyenI AdarabhAvanA lAgaNI vagerenI noMdha karI che.29 amadAvAdathI e sAthIe sAthe pATaNa paheAMcyuM. tyAM eNe zaheranA pIra gaNAtA zekha nijhAmanI kabaranI mulAkAta lIdhI. tyAMthI e rAdhanapura gayeA. ahI eNe sAthe Avela bhATane rajA ApI, keTalAMka UMTa kharIdyAM ane pArakara jillA eLagI si Mdha javA mATe kacchanA raNaneA rastA lIdhA, ane siMdha paMjAba aphaghAnistAna turkastAna khurAsAna ane IrAna thaI I.sa. 1557nA eprilamAM peAtAne vatana paheAMcyA. sIdI alI pachI 1563mAM mAsTara sIjhara phreDarika nAmane venisane vepArI pUrvanA deza jovAnA hetuthI elepe| basarA ane hAramajha thaIne ' kha'bhAtanA rAjyamAM' AvI paheAMcyA. e vakhate gujarAtamAM mujhakUphpharazAha 3jo sattA para hateA. phreDarike dIvane kira'gIenA pUrvamAM AvelA khUba majabuta thANA tarIke oLakhAvyu` che.3 dIva zahera kadamAM nAnu` hatu` chatAM rAtA samudra ane khIjA sthaLAe bahoLA vepAra karatuM hatuM. eNe dIvanA khArAmAM muslima tathA pritI

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510] - sastanata kAla piri vepArIonAM mAlathI ladAyelAM jahAja paradeza UpaDavAnI taiyArImAM joyAM. khaMbhAta baMdarane dariye chIcharo hovAthI tyAMthI nAnI heDIo dvArA mAla dIva lAvavAmAM Avato. phreDarike e paNa noMdha karI che ke phiraMgIone dariyA parano aMkuza eTale badho sajajaDa hato ke dezanA vepArI phiraMgI vAIsaroya taraphathI paravAnA ke rajA meLavyA sivAya vepAra karI zaktA nahi ke jahAje haMkArI zaktA nahi. paravAnA ke pAsa vagaranI emanI hoDIo kabaje levAtI. pheDareke khaMbhAtane "ati suMdara zahera' tarIke varNaveluM che, paNa 1563 mAM e mahAduSkALamAM sapaDAyuM hatuM. enA jaNAvyA mujaba zaheranA hiMdu loko emanAM putra ane putrIone phiraMgIo pAse laI jatA ne emane kharIdI levA vinaMtI karatA. darekanI kiMmata ATha ke dasa leni cUkavAtI eNe joI hatI. khaMbhAtanI dhIkatI vepArI pravRttithI e pite khUba aMjAI gayo hato ane e kahe che ke meM je A joyuM na hota to huM mAnata nahi ke khaMbAidamAM vepAra AvaDo maTe che." paradezamAMthI AyAta thatI cIjomAM masAlA cInI rezama caMdana hAthIdAMta makhamala ane suvarNa sikivanane samAveza reDarika kare che. dIva baMdarethI moTA jaththAmAM sapheda ane raMgIna kApaDa gaLI suMTha AmaLAM khAMDa kAcuM sUtara aphINa hiMga akIkanA paththara vagerenI nikAsa thatI. khaMbhAtanI hunnarakalAmAM reDarikane sahuthI vadhu AkarSaka hAthIdAMtanAM vividha raMgamAM banatAM kaMkaNa lAgyAM hatAM. e kahe che ke hiMdu strIo enI khUba zokhIna hatI ane A AbhUSaNathI pitAnA hAtha pUrA bharI detI. Ama reDarika dIva ane khaMbhAtanAM baMdaranI dhIkatI vepArI pravRttinI je neMdha karI che te anya samakAlIna lakhANe ane pravAsIoe ApelI mAhitIne maLatI Ave che. pATIpA 1. gaMdhAra hAla bharUca jillAmAM vAgarA tAlukAmAM DhADhara nadI para khaMbhAtanA akhAtathI cAra mAIla dUra che. A samaye e dariyAI vepAranuM noMdhapAtra sthAna hatuM. Isa. 1546 pachI phiraMgIonA upadravane kAraNe enI paDatI thaI.

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ziSTa gujarAtamAM AvelA videzI pravAsIoe karelI noMdhe pi 2. H. A. R. Gibb (trans. and ed.), Ibn Battuta, Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325-1354 3. kAvI hAla bharUca jillAmAM jaMbusara tAlukAmAM mahI nadInA kAMThe khaMbhAtathI naka AveluM che. 4. Gibb, p. cir, p. 230 4. The Travels of Ludovico de Varthema, pp. 109-110 4. A Description of the Coasts of East Africa and Malabar in 1514, p. 57. 7. bArasAnuM pustaka The Book of Duarte Barbosa nAme porTugIjha bhASAmAM 1812mAM prasiddha thayuM hatuM. A pustakanuM ema. gavartha Dese ajImAM bhASAMtara karI saMpAdana karyuM che. 8. "mirAte sikaMdarI', (gu. bhASA) pA. 73-74 4-99. The Book of Duarte Barbosa, Vol. I, pp. 110-121 13. ka porTugIjha calaNa hatuM. eka kuDe barAbara 18 ziliMganA hisAbe eka hAthInI kiMmata 750 pAunDa athavA lagabhaga rU. 10,000 barAbara thAya. A saMdarbha mAM hAthIonI saMkhyA jotAM gujarAtanI nANAMkIya sadhdharatAne khyAla bAMdhI zakAya. 14. The Book of Duarte Barbosa, Vol. I, p. 118. 15. Ibid, p. 119 16. Ibid, p. 117 17. Ibid, pp. 123f 18-19. Ibid, pp.139-41 ra0. Ibid, pp. 142-145 21. Ibid, pp. 128-130 27. Ibid., pp. 130-33 and notes 23. Ibid, pp. 148-150 24. Ibid, pp. 153-153 25. sIdI alIe tukI bhASAmAM lakhelI kRtinuM The Travels and Adventure of the Turkish Admiral Sidi Ali Reis in India, Afghanistan etc., during the years 1553-56nA nAme A. Vamberye bhASAMtara karavuM che. sIdI alInI mULa kRti Mirat-al-Mamlik, jemAM enA gujarAtanA pravAsane ane sAhasano ahevAla che tenuM aMgrejImAM bhASAMtara M. Hammer nAmanA vidvAne kareluM che (Commissariat, History of Gujarat, p. 481 note). have pachI ene The Travels of Sidi All tarIke ullekha thaze. sIdI ahI enI uttama kRti Al Muhi (mahAsAgara) amadAvAdamAM rahIne 1554mAM pUrI karI hatI, emAM eNe bhUgoLa ane sAgarasAranI chaNAvaTa karI che,

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popat x} 26-27. The Travels of Sidi Ali, pp. 27-34 ibid., pp. 32-33. .. 28. vigata mATe jue 29. 'lbid., p. 34 30. enA vananA utArA mATe jue . James Forbes, Oriental Memoirs, Vol. III, pp. 86-87 31. venisanuM 9 zili'ga ane 4 pensanu' seAnAnuM eka jUnu` rahyuM.

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khijharabhAna 1. giyAsuddIna 2. muhammadazAha 5. dIkhAna 33 giyAsuddIna vazAvaLImA E lhInA khalajI vaMza 3. alAuddIna 1 umara 5. kutbuddIna mubArakazAha pharIdakhAna 4. zihAmuddIna 2. dilhInA tugaluka vaza kRhakhAta usma'takhAna muhammada khAna rajana 3. phIrAjhazAha 8 a. tusratazAha 7. sikaMdaragAha 4. nAsiruddIna muhammadazAha azru beMkakhAna jhara 6. aNu ba+- 8. nAsiruddIna mahamudazAha

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4. muhammadazAha 2 jo 5. kutbuddIna 6, ahamadazAha 2 jo 9. sikaMdara 11. bahAdurasAda 3. gujarAtanA sulatAnA 2. mujhaphrazAha 1 le 1 1. muhammadazAha 1 lA 7. mahamUdazAha 1 lA--begaDA 8. mujhaphUrazAha 2 jo latI khAna T 13, mahamUdazAha 3 jo 3. ahamadazAha 1 leA 1 6. dAudakhAna 10 mahamUdazAha 2 jo rajI OMtaiyAra=klikhAna zakarakhAna | putra putra 14. ahemadazAhuM 3 be *ArukI (khAnadeza) 15. mujhaphpharazAha 3 jo 1 1 12. muhammadazAha 3 jo bahAdura 514] E PAPA

Page #546
. kahanA jaDeza-vaza (ba) mukhya vaMza 5. vaheNacha : 6. mULajI 7. kAMcha 8 AmarajI 9. bhImajI 1. hamIrajI (lAkhiyAra viyara) 11. rAva kheMgArajI (rabI. rApara) A, abaDAsAne vaMza jAma gajaNa hAlojI rAyadhaNa (bArA) abaDI : mubera haradhoLa harapALa hamIrajI (okhAmaMDaLa) unaDa (mULuM) mANeka tamAcI harabhama haraLa lAkho jAma rA ii

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zALAmalA zAha 5 navakhabAra jADejA vaMza 1. jAma rAvaLa haroLajI (dhoLa) 2. vibhojI 3. satrasAla (satAjI) che. seraThane cUDAsamA vaMza rA" mAMDalika 1 le rA' noMghaNuM 4 the rA' mahIpAla 4 the rA' kheMgAra ja che. rA' jayasiMha ra je rA" mahIpAla 5 mo mokalasiha, za' mAMDalika 2 je rAmeliga | rA' jayasiMha 3 je rA' mahIkAla 6 Dho ra mAMDalika ! je meliga bhUpata (sIla bagasarA) (rAjaputra) | nedhaNa zrIsiMha

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7, jhavA jaza 159. bhANajI (dhUmalI) 160. ja ItapAla 161. jasadhavalajI 162. saMghajI 3 je 163. bhANajI 5 164. rANejI 3 je (rANapura) 164 a. rAmadeva ra je 164 A. saMdha (4) 164 I. bhANucha 6 ko 164 I. khImakaraNa 1 le 164 u. vikamAta 3 je 15. rANajI 4 the 165 a. mehajI 165 A. rAmajI 165 I. mehajI 16. khImajI re je 167. rAmadevajI ne ? 168. bhANajI 7 (sedrANA) 169. khImajI 3 je. (zayA) 8 vAjA vaMza 5. vayajakAla F\ \ 1. medharAja 7. bhama 4. vagaNa . . . SAsa

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na mae la, jhAlA vaMza (ba) haLavada-dhrathama 1. rAjodharajI (haLavada) (ba) mukhya zAkhA 9. sAMtalajI (pATaDI) 10. vijayapAla 11. rAmasiMhajI 12. vairisiMhajI 13. raNamala 14. zatruzalya 15. jetasiMhajI (mAMDala) 2. rANAjI 3. mAnasiMhajI 4. rAyasiMhajI 16. raNavIra 17. bhIma 18. vAghajI - rAjedharajI(haLavada) () lIaDI zAkhA 9. sAMdhacha (jabu) 10. roSamala 11. sAraMga 12. lAkho 13. vajerAja 14. nAgajI 15. udayabhANa : 16. khetAjI 17. bhojarAja 18. khetojI - 19, sAMgAjI 20. sojI "ra. AsakaraNa (ziyALu),

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10 seDhA paramAra 1. lakhadhIra vasAvA [559 11. gahila vaMza (gohilavADa zAkhA) 1. sejakajI 2. rANajI 3. meDejI (umarALA) 2. bhojarAja che. cAjI 4. ratanajI 4, DuMgarajI semarasiMga (rAjapIpaLA) 5. vibhAjI 6. kAnajI 8. rAmajI ( dhA) ka, sAraMgajI 10. savadAya 11. jetAjI 12. rAmadAsa gaMgAdAsa (camAraDI) 13. saratAnajI sAlajI (adhevADA) bhImajI (TANA) 14. viMcha

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para...] salatanata mae 1ra, IDarano ThoTha vaca 9. rAva bhAvyuM 1. rAva senIMgajI 2. rAva amala 3. dhavalamala 4. lUNukaraNa 5. keDarana 10. sUrajamala 12. bhIma 6. rAva raNamala 11.] 14. rAyamala 13. ] 15. rAva bhAramala 17.. | 18. rAva pUje che. rAva po ' 2. rAva nArAyaNadAsa - 19. rAva nArAyaNadAsa 9. rAva bhANa 13. cAMpAnerane pIvI cauhANa virA 1. rAmadevuM . 2. cAMgadeva 3. cAcigadeva 4. seganadeva 5. mAlasiMha 6. jitakaNuM 7. kuMpu rAula 8. viradhavala savarAja 9. rAdhavadeva 1. cuMbakadAsa 11. gaMgadAsa 12. jayasiMheva

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vaMzAvaLIe.. mevADanA mahArANA arisiMha 1. hammIra 2. kSetrasiMha . lakSasiMha(lAkhA) 4. ekalasiMha 5. kuMbhakarNa 6. udayasiMha 7. rAyamala 8. sAMgA 9. ratnasiMha 10. vibhAjita

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sanata kAla mALavAnA sulatAne (2) pUrI vaMza 1. dilAvarakhAna khAnadezanA sulatAne khAna jahAna phArUkI 1. malika rajA 2. nasIra 2. hRzaMga 3. muhammada 4. masIda 3. mirAnaAdila 1le hasana 4. mIrAna mubAraka 8. Adila 3 je lA) khalajI vasa malika muvIsa T 9. mIrAna 5. Adila raje 6. dAUda muhammada 1. mahamUdazAha 7. gajhanI khAna 2. viyAsIna 3. nAsirUddIna 4. mahamUdazAha

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aphrIpha, zamsa zIrAja abula phajUla mULa saMdarbho (a) zarI, phArasI ane urdU graMthA ane anuvAdo alI, muhammadakhAna khAphIkhAna saMdarbhasUci sAmAnya : 'mihuA ahamadI' bhA. 1-2 bar3audA, 1927 - 30; Eng. tran. bv M. F. Lokhandwala Baroda, 1965; you. 241. SS. Al. xaal, 'bhIrAte aDabhaTTI', lAga 1-4, bhAvAha 1834 - 'khAtimae mirAte ahamadI', bar3audA, 1930 isAmI : 'phutU hus salAtIna', AgarA, 1938 1935; khAjA, nijAmuddIna ahamada : ' tabakAte akabarI', bhA. 1-3, kalakattA, Eng. tran. by Elliot in his History of India as Told by Its Own Historians, Vol. V, London, 1873 g : 'munta khabulalabAba', bhA. 1-3, kalakattA, 1870, 1874, 1925 : 'riyAjula inzA' (saMpA. zekha cAMda), haidarAbAda, 1948 : 'maAsire mahamUdazAhI' (hastaprata ) gAvAna, mahamUda tUnI, abdula husena : 'tArIkhe phIrojazAhI', kalakattA, 1888- 91 : 'akabaranAmA', bhA. 1-3 (Eng. tran by H. Beveridge), Delhi, 1972-73

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524] salatanata kAla firiztA, muhammada kAsima : 'tArIkhe phiriztA' bhA. 1-2, pUnA, 1831, 32; bhA. 1-4, lakhanaU, 1894; litho, jilda 2, ahamadAbAda; Eng. tran. by Elliot in his History of India as Told by Its Own Historians, Vol. VI, London, 1875 guna. ma.na., A. bhI. hIvAna, 'ziriztAta gujarAtanA musalamAnI samayane ItihAsa', 1917 badAunI, abdula kAdira : 'muntakhabut tavArIkha', bhA. 1-3, kalakattA, 1868 1869: Eng tran. by J. S. A. Ranking etc., Calcutta, 1884-1925 baranI, jiyAuddIna : 'tArIkhe phrIrojazAhI,' kalakattA, 1860-62; Eng. tran. by Elliot, in his History of India as Told by Its Own Historians, Vol, III, London, 1871 bimbAnI, saiphullAha : 'tArIkhe saTTe jahAna' urpha 'tArIne mahamUdazAhI' (hastaprata), bambaI bukhArI, saiyada mahamUda, : 'tArIkhe salAtIne gujarAta', alIgaDha, 1964 : 'mirAtula vusUla' (hastaprata, haz2arata pIra muhammadazAha daragAha, kitAbakhAnA, ahamadAbAda) mIra, an turAbavalI 'tArIkhe gujarAta', kalakattA, 1909 . mIra, bada aso kAzAmI : 'tArIkha mukhaphapharazAhI', (saMpA. cughatAI) pUnA, 1947 mulA mAnnu pakkI : 'mAsire rahImI', bhA. 1-3, kalakattA, 1921-31 maulAnA, hAdI alIkhAna : 'manAkibe hAfijiyA', (hastaprata, nijAma kitAbakhAnA, kalIla) rajjAka, anura : 'manAkibe saiyada ahamada jahAnazAha' (hastaprata) zesa, aSaka muhiyuddIna : 'an nUrussAphira an akhUbArila kara nil bAzira', madula kAdira bagadAda, 193.

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zekha, islAmI gulAma : 'tArIne gujarAta' (uda) . muhammada mukamala zekha, gulAma muhammada : 'miAte mustaphAbAda', (tArIkhe jUnAgaDha) bambaI, 1.31 -'miAte muhammadI,' bambaI, 1921 sarahiMdI, yahyA bina bhahamada : 'tArIkha mubArakazAhI', baDaudA, 1932 sikaMdara bina muhammada : 'mira Ate sikaMdarI, bambaI, hi. saM. 1308; lAhaura, (manjaha) 1890; Eng. tran. by F. L. Faridi, Dharampur; by S. C. Misra and R. L. Raheman, Baroda, 1961 hAjI, ud dabIra : 'japharu lavAliha be mujaphaphara va Aliha', bhA. 1-3, landana, 1910, 1921, 1929; Eng. tran. by M. F. Lokhandwala, Baroda, 1970 kakasari gaGgAdhara (10) sata, a52 anenI-gujarAtI / : 'nAbhinandana jinoddhAra-prabandha', (saMpA. bhagavAnalAla ha. paMDita), ahamadAbAda, vi.saM. 1985 : 'maNDalIka mahAkAvya', Bharatiya Vidya, Vols. XIV-XV, Bombay, 1953-54 jinaprabhasUri : 'vividha tIrthakalpa', zAntiniketana, 193.1 :: jainastotrasaMgraha, bhA. 2 nayacandrasUri : 'hammIramahAkAvya' (saMpA. nI. ja. kIrtane), bambaI, 1879 nAhaTA agaracandra aura : aitihAsika jaina kAvyasaMgraha', kalakattA, vi.saM. 1994 nAhaTA bhaMvaralAla (saMpA.) paTela cimanalAla aura : 'lekhapaddhati', Baroda, 1925 gonDekara (saMza.) pratiSThAsoma : 'somasaubhAgya kAvya' (saMpA. muni dharmavijayajI), bambaI

Page #557
saghanata kahe maNDana bhuvanadeva : 'aparAjitapRcchA' (Ed. by B. Bhattacharya).. Baroda, 1950 bhojadeva : 'samarAGgaNa sUtradhAra', Ed. by B, Bhatta charya), Vol. -1, Baroda, 1924-25 : 'devatAmUrti prakaraNa' (Ed. by Upendra Mohan),.. Calcutta, 1936 -- 'rUpamaNDana' (Ed. by Upendra Mohan), Varanasi, 1964 muni jinavijayajI (saMpA.) : 'jaina aitihAsika gurjara kAvya saMgraha', bhAvanagara, 1926 "vijJaptitriveNI', bhAvanagara merutuGgatri ': 'vicArazreNI' ('sthavirAvalI'), " sAhitya saMzodha', 5 2, 24 3-4, pUnA, 1425 vijayadharmasUri(saMpA.) : 'prAcIna tIrtha nAlA saMgraha', bhA. 1, bhAvanagara, vi. saM. 1978 vivekadhIragaNi vInavAyI : 'zatrujaya tIrthoddhAra-prabandha' (saMpA. muni jinavijayajI), bhAvanagara, 1917 : 'dvArakA-pattala' (Ed. by I. B. Chaudhari in Contribution of Women to Sanskrit series, Vol. III, Calcutta, 1950 somacArityagaNi hemaprabhasUri : 'gumaNaratnAkara-kAna' (saMpA. muni indravinayajI), banArasa, bIra. saM. 2437 : 'yailokSaprakAza' (hastaprata) (43181 prApya vidhAmahira, 92tAta na. 1208-5.6 bhane Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit Manuscripts; Part III; L. D. Series No. . .15, No. 6924) .

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ThAra, phera : "ratnaparIkSAdi-sapta-graMtha saMgraha), (saMpA. jinavijayajI, agaracaMda nAhaTA ane bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA), jodhapura, 1961 dalAla, cimanalAla DI. : prAcIna gurjara kAvyasaMgraha, vaDodarA, 19ra0 (saMgrA.) padmanAbha : kAnhaDade-prabaMdha (saMpA. DAhyAbhAI derAsarI), amadAvAda, 1926 lAvaNyasamaya : "vimalaprabaMdha', (saMpA. dhI. dha. zAha), amadAvAda 1965 vijayadharmasUri (saMpA.) : aitihAsika rAsasaMgraha, bhA. 1-3, bhAvanagara vi.saM. 1972, 1973, 1978 vidyAvijayajI (saMpA) : "aitihAsika rAsasaMgraha, bhAga 4, bhAvanagara, vi.saM. 1977 vyAsa, zrIdhara : "raNamala chaMda' (saMpA. ke. ha. dhruva, "paMdaramA zatakanAM prAcIna gurjara kAvya"), amadAvAda, 1927 zAstrI ke. kA. (saMpA.) : "vasaMtavilAsa', amadAvAda, 1966 sAMDesarA, . ja. (saMpA.) "varNaka-samuccaya', bhA1, vaDedarA, 1956 sAMDesarA, bho ja. ane 'varNaka-samuccaya', bhA. 1, vaDodarA, 1959 mahetA 2. nA. (I) abhilekha-saMgraha ane sUcio : Annual Report of Indian Epigraphy, 1937-38, 1954-59, 1954 1956-31, 1959-60, 1964-65, 1960-7, 1967-68, 1968-69. : Bhavanagar Inscriptions (A collection of Prakrit and Sanskrit loscriptions published by Bhavanagar Archaeo. logical Department, Bhavanagar)

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nala kahe Burgess & : Revised Lists of Antiquarian Remains Cousens in the Bombay presidency, Bombay, 1862 : Corpus Inscriptions Bhavnagari, Bombay, 1889 Diskalkar, D. B. : Inscriptions of Kathiawad (New (Ed) . Indian Antiquary Vols. I-IIF, Poona 1938-41) : Epigraphia Indica, Arabic and Persian supplement, 1953-54, 1961, 1962, 1963 1965, 1968 : Epigraphia Indo-Moslemica, 1915-16, 1933-34-supplement, 1935-36, 193940, 1963 AcArya, gi. va. : gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho', bhA. 3, muMbaI 1942 AcArya, na. A. : gujarAta itihAsa saMdarbha sUci, khaMDa 3 (pratimA lekha-I.sa. 1300 sudhI), amadAvAda, 1966 ojhA, vajezaMkara gau. : bhAvanagara prAcIna zodhasaMgraha, 1887 trivedI, I vi. : "gujarAta saMdarbhasUci, khaMDa 4 (zilAlekhe-Isa. 1301-1760) khaMDa 5(pratimAlekhe-I sa. 1301 1700), amadAvAda, 1969 parIkha, pra. ci. : gujarAta ItihAsa saMdarbha sUci, khaMDa 2 (abhi lekhe), amadAvAda, 196ra muni, kamA vijAjI : "AbunA jela zilebe", "jena tala, 6-10 19ra7no aMka -

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#'ehezdrav ; 426] Ii] pravAsIonA vRttAMta Alboquerque, : The Commentaries of the Great Afonso Afonso de Alboquerque (Eng. tran. by Walter de Gray Birch), Vols. I-IV, London, 1875-84 Barbosa, Duarte : The Book of Duarte Barbosa (Eng. Tran, by M. L. Dames), Vols. I-II, London, 1918, 1921 Correa, Gaspar : Lendas de India, Vols. I-IV, Lisbon, 1858-64 Forbes, James : Oriental Me noirs, Vol. III, London, 1834 Ibn Batuta : The Rehala (Selected Parts relating to India, Maldive Islands and Ceylon) (Eng. tran. by M. Husain), Baroda, 1953 -Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325- 1354 (Eng. tran. and ed. by H. A. R. Gibb) (Broadway series) : The Travels and Adventures of the Turkish Admiral Sidi Ali Reis in India, Afghanistan, etc. during the years 1553-56 (Eng. tran. by A. Vambery), London, 1899 Sidi, Ali Reis W-4-3?

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430 ] saltanata kAla 2. arvAcIna graMtha Briggs : History of the Rise of the Maho medon Power, Vol. IV, Calcutta, 1970 Chaube, J. : History of the Gujarat Kingdom, New Delhi, 1975 Commissariat, : A History of Gujarat, Vol. I, London, M. S. 1938 - Studies in the History of Gujarat, London, 1935 Cousens, H. : Somnath and Other Mediaval Tem ples in Kathiawad, Calcutta, 1931 Danvers, F. C. : The Portuguese in India, Vols. I-II, London, 1974 Dar, Muhammad : Literary and Cultural Activities in Ibrahim Gujarat, Bombay Forbes, A. ; Rasmala, Vols. I-II, London, 1914, 1924 ; Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Vol. I, Pt. I (History of Gujarat), Bombay, 1896 : Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Vol. I Part II, (History of Konkan), Bombay, 1896 : Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Vol. V (Cutch, Palanpur & Mahikantha Dist.), Bombay, 1880 ; Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Vol. VIII (Kathiawad), Bombay, 1884

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#seurat (434 Haug Habib & Nizami : Comprehansive History of India, Vol. (Eds.) V (The Delhi Sultanate), Delhi, 1970 : The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III, Cambridge, 1928 Hodiwala, S. H. : 'The Unpublished Coins of the Gujarat Sultanate', Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. II (New Series), 1926 Inamdar, P. A. : Some Archaeological Finds in the Idar State, Himatnagar, 1936 Majumadar, R. C. : The Delhi Sultanate, Bombay, 1960 (Ed.) Misra, S.C. : Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat, Bombay, 1963 -Muslim Communities in Gujarat, Baroda, 1963 Taylor, G. P. : 'Coins of the Gujarat Sultanate', Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. XXI, London, 1904 Tirmizi, S. A. I. : Some Aspects of Medieval Gujarat, Delhi, 1968 Whiteway, R. S. : The Rise of Portuguese Power in India, 1497-1550, London, 1899 nadavI, maulAnA saiyada : 'gujarAtakI tamahunI tArIkha,' ahamadAbAda abujhaphara

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532] salatanata kAla nAhaTA agaracaMda : 'jinaprabharikA saMkSipta jIvanacaritra' jeTa, ratnamaNirAva bhI. : gujarAtanuM pATanagara, amadAvAda, amadAvAda, 1928 - gujarAtane sAMskRtika itihAsa, islAma yuga, khaMDa 1-4, amadAvAda, 1959 (punarmudraNa), 1954, 1957, 1959 DrAIvara De. perIna dArAM : "sattaramAM zatakamAM pArasI kavioe racelI gujarAtI kavitA' (apragaTa mahAnibaMdha), (TAipa nakala), amadAvAda, 1971 trivedI, I vi. : "gujarAtanA muslimakAlIna saMskRta abhilekhamAMthI maLatI mAhitI (apragaTa mahAnibaMdha)' (TAIpa nakala), amadAvAda, 1971 dave, ka. bhA. : gujarAtanuM mUrtividhAna', amadAvAda, 1963 dezAI, za. ha. : "prabhAsa ane temanAtha', prabhAsa pATaNa, 1965 - saurASTrane ItihAsa', jUnAgaDha, 1968 desAI me. da : jaina sAhityane saMkSipta itihAsa', muMbaI, 1933 nadavI, maulAnA abujhaphara : gujarAtane ItihAsa bhA. ra, amadAvAda, 1949 parIkha rasikalAla ane ? gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa graMtha zAstrI hariprasAda (saMpA.) 1-4, amadAvAda, 1972, 1974, 1976 phArbasa, elekajhAnDara : "rAsamALA' bhA. 1-2 (guja, anu. raNachoDalAla | kileka udayarAma), muMbaI, 1922 balasArA, pI. epha. : "pArasI itihAsamAM jANavA joga prakaraNa sara bhagavatasiMhajI : "bhagavadagomaMDala', goMDala, I.sa. 1944-55 mAstara, karIma mahamada : "mahAgujarAtanA musalamAno', bhA. 1-2, vaDodarA, 1969 muni jayaMtavijayajI : "Abu,' bhA. 1, ujajaina, 1933 vyAsa, maNilAla ba. ; zrImALI (vaNiyAe)nA jJAtibheda

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saMdarbha sUci - [533 zA, bA.ma. : "narasiMha mahetA pUrvenA prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM vyakta thatuM samAjajIvana' (apragaTa mahAnibaMdha) (TAIpa nakala), amadAvAda, 1967 prakaraNa 1 Dar, M. I. : 'Mirat-i Sikandari : Its date of Composition', Proceedings of the History Congress, 1948 Sandesara, B.J. : 'Weights, Measures and Coinage of Mediaeval Gujarat, Journal of the Numismatic Society of India, Vol. VIII, Bombay, 1946 dave, ka. bhA. : "gujarAtanAM jJAtipurANa ane tIrthamAhAbhyo, svAdhyAya", pu. 5, vaDodarA - paMdaramA saikAno eka prAcIna daratAveja", "gujarAta saMzodhana maMDaLanuM naimAsika", pu. 11 muMbaI, 1949 muni, jinavijayajI : pATaNanA be jUnA dastAveje, "purAtattva", pu. 4, aMka 1, amadAvAda, vi.saM. 1982 zAstrI, hariprasAda : "aDAlajanI vAvane zilAlekha", "buddhiprakAza, pu. 104, amadAvAda, 1957 sAMDesarA, bhe ja. : "gujarAtanAM jUnAM khata patro ane dastAvejo', "graMtha ane graMthakAra', pu , amadAvAda, 1935 -"gujarAtanA madhyakAlIna ItihAsanI keTalIka sAdhanasAmagrI," "phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAnuM mAsika" (pu. 6, muMbaI, 1941 -madhyakAlIna gujarAtanAM tolamApa ane nANAM vize keTalIka mAhitI "bAramuM gujarAtI sAhitya saMmelana nibaMdhasaMgraha," amadAvAda, 1937

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534] - saltanata kAla prakaraNa 2 : Medieval India, Allahabad, 1925 Ishwari Prasad, prakaraNa 3 Hodi vala, S. H. : Studies in Indo-Muslim Bombay, 1939 History, ThAkara, dhIrubhAI vaidya, vi. ka. zAstrI ke. kA. prakaraNa 4. : gujarAta darzana' bhA. 1 (sAhitya-1), vallabha vidyAnagara, 1972 : gujarAtI sAhityanI rUparekhA', muMbaI, 1943 : AzApallI-karNAvatI, "gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAskRtika itihAsa, graMtha. 1, amadAvAda, 1972 : 'amadAvAdanI sthApanAne samaya, jaina vidyAlaya suvarNajayaMtI graMtha" bhA. 1, muMbaI, 1969 : "AzApalI-karNAvatI-amadAvAda', "vidyApITha" varSa 2, amadAvAda zAstrI, hariprasAda prakaraNa 5 Desai and Clarke, ; 'Baroda Gazetteer', Vol. II, Bombay, 1923 Sarda, N. B. : 'Maharana Kumbha', Ajmer, 1917 Sherwani, H. K. : Brahmani's of the Deccan, Hyderabad, 1953 Watson, John W. : 'Historical Sketch of the Hill Fortress of Pawagadh in Gujarat, Indian Antiquary, Vol. VI, 1877 ojhA, gaurIzaMkara : "rAgapUtAnA rUtidAsa', gira 1, magara, vi.saM. 1182 joSI, ka. na. : "okhAmaMDaLanA vAghera', vaDedarA, 1969

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saMdasUci [535 prakaraNa 6 Majumadar, i The Mughul Empire, Bombay, 1974 R. C. (Ed.) ojhA, gaurIzaMkara : rAjapUtAnAkA itihAsa, jilda 3, bhA. 1, ajamera, 1936 prakaraNa -pariziSTa Baldaens, Philip : 'A Description of the East India Coasts of Malbar and Coromandal; Trans, in Churchill's Collection of Voyages and Travels, Vol. III Bayley, E. C. : History of Gujarat, New Delhi, 1970 prakaraNa 7 Bell, H. W. : History of Kathiawad, London, 1916 Patel G. D. (Ed.) ; District Gazetteer : Kutch, Ahmedabad, 1971 atri, choTubhAI ane ; "dhUmalInA rANA rAmadevajInA samayane zilAlekha, parIkha, pravINa "UrminavaracanA" datsavI aMka, rAjakoTa, 1975 AcArya, dravadana na. : "saurASTramAM jhAlA rAjavaMzanA zAsanano itihAsa, (harapALa makavANAthI I.sa. 1948 sudhI)' (apragaTa mahAnibaMdha, TAIpa nakala), rAjakoTa, 1975 gaudANI harilAla, : mAMDala satanatakAlIna aprasiddha zilAlekha, DhAMkI, madhusUdana ane "gujarAta saMzAdhana maMDaLanuM kaumAsika", graM. 32, zAstrI, harizaMkara muMbaI, 1970 dave, narmadAzaMkara lAlazaMkara : kAThiyAvADa sarvasaMgraha', muMbaI, 1886 dezAI, za. ha. : jUnAgaDha ane giranAra', junAgaDha, 175 dvivedI, AtmArAma ke : kaccha dezane itihAsa', muMbaI, 1876' nadavI, abujhaphara : "raNarala chaMda ane tene samaya, amadAvAda, 1941

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pa3] saktanata kAla pAThaka, ja. kA. : "makaradhvajavaMzI mahIpamALA', ribaMdara, vi.saM. 1978 majamUdAra, caMdramauli naM. : "gujarAtanA pAvApati cauhANo', "pathika', varSa. 14 aMka 1-2 zAstrI, ke. kA. : "narasiha mahete-eka adhyayana, amadAvAda, 1971 -saurASTranI aitihAsika nagarIo-mAMgaroLa seraTha,' porabaMdara, 1966 zAstrI, harizaMkara pra. : "prabhAsapATaNanA vAjA rAjavaMzane itihAsa, Urmi navaracanA, aMka pa2, rAjakoTa, 197ra zAha, tri. opha vorA, porabaMdaranA zAMtinAtha-jinAlayanA be zilAlekhe maNibhAI ane phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAnuM saimAsika varSa 30 DhAMkI, madhusUdana muMbaI, 1965 prakaraNa 8-pariziSTa : Journal of the Numismatic Society of India, Vols. I-IV. XV, XVIII. Bombay, 1939-1942, 1953, 1956 Lane,-Poole, : Cutalogue of Indian Coins in the Stanely British Museum, The Muhammadan States, London, 1908 : Numismatic Supplement, Vol. XVII, XL, XLII, XL; 1912, 1927, 1929, 1934 Singhal, C. R. : Bibliography of Indian Coins, Part II, Bombay, 1952 -Catalogue of the Coins in the Prince of Wales Museum of Western India, Bombay, 1935 Wright, H. : The Coinage and Metrology of the Nelson Sultans of Delhi, Delhi

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sadabha sUci [537 prakaraNa 8 nAyaka, choTubhAI ra. muni, jinavijayajI (saMpA.) zAstrI, ke. kA. : "madhyayugIna bhArata", khaMDa 2, amadAvAda, 1968 ; prAcIna gujarAtI gadya-saMdarbha, amadAvAda, vi.saM. 1986 : "anuzIlana, vaDedarA, 1948 zAstrI, ha. gaM. : dhoLakAnI vAvane zilAlekha, "svAdhyAya", pu. 1, vaDodarA, 1963 prakaraNa 10 Desai, Z. A. : 'Relations of India with Middle Eastern Countries during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth centuries', Journal of the Oriental Institute, Vol., XXIII Parts. 1-2, Baroda, 1973-74. kempabela, jemsa : gujarAta sarvasaMgraha' (anu. kavi na. lo, dave), muMbaI, 1887 koThArI, kizoralAla : "prAgaitihAsika kAlanuM naukAdaLa', "pathika," pu. 13, aMka 2, amadAvAda, 1973 daragAhavAlA, ImAmuddIna : "caudamI sadInuM gujarAta", "phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAnuM gaumAsika", 56, muMbaI, 1941 mAMkaDa, bhA. la. : gujarAta saltanatanA sikkAo", "pathika', pu. 12, aMka 10, amadAvAda, 1973 prakaraNa 10-pariziSTa : 'khaMbhAtane itihAsa', amadAvAda, 1935 jeTa, 2. bhI.

Page #569
138] Divetia, N. B. Hitti, Phllip K. tessitAra, ela. pI. dhruva, harilAla ha da nAhaTA, agaMjI zAstrI, ke. kA. Buhler, G. Chaghtai, M.A. Sircar, D. C. ojhA, gaurIzaMkara datta aura saMgha muni, jinavijayajI parIkha pra. ci. suni puNyavijayajI saltanata phAla prakaraNa 11 : Wilsons Philological Lectures Vol. II, Bombay, 1932 : History of the Arbs, New York, 1963 : jUnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI,' (gu. anu, kaeN. kA. zAstrI), amadAvAda, 1964 : 'mugdhAvaSedha aiktika', 1889 : 'ustAralAyaMtra saMbaMdhI eka mahattvapUrNa jaina graMtha', "jaina siddhAMta bhAskara", bhA. 18 : 'ApaNA kavio', amadAvAda, 1942 --'gujarAtI bhASAnA vikAsa ane arvAcIna gujarAtI bhASAnuM svarUpa', amadAvAda, 1965 --'narasiMha mahetA', navI dilhI, 1972 --bhAlaNu : eka adhyayana', vAdarA, 1958 --'vAgvibhava', vaDAdarA, 1973 prakaraNa 12 : Indian Palaeography, Calcutta, 1962 : Monuments of Ahmedabad through their Inscriptions, Poona, 1942 : Indian Epigraphy, New Delhi, 1965 : mAratIya prAcIna jivimArA', vilhI, vi.saM. 1176 : hintra gaLitarazAstrA phatihAsa', pu. 1, prayAga, 1116 : 'naina-pusta-prazasti-saMxa', pu. 1, vambaDuM, vi.saM. 1666 : 'gujarAtamAM brAhmIthI nAgarI sudhInA lipivikAsa', amadAvAda, 1936 : bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhanakalA', amadAvAda, 1936

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saMdarbhasUci [59 prakaraNa 13 Karaka, D. F. : History of the Parsis, London, 1884 Thakar, J. P. : A Brief History of the Svetambara Jaina Monks (Unpulished) : "IDaragaDha caityaparipATI', "jainayuga" vi.saM. 198pane mAha-rautra aMka, muMbaI, 1985 trivedI, I. vi. : "muslimakAlIna gujarAtanA hiMdu dharma-saMpradAya', buddhiprakAza", pu. 120, amadAvAda, 1973 desAI e. da. : jaina gurjara kavio, bhA. 1-3, muMbaI, 1926, 1931, 1944 dhoLakiyA, puSakAMta vi. : jUnAgaDha myujhiyamanI sUryapratimAo", "pathika', varSa 13, aMka 18-11, amadAvAda, 1974 paTela, bahamanajI baherAmajI : "pArasI prakAza," muMbaI 1888 paramAra, caMdra : hajharata vahuddIna zAha gujarAtI (raha), 1968 pimAsTara, rustama : kisei saMjAna', muMbaI, 1915 barajorajI mahetA, na. de : 'dAkta saMpradAya', muMbaI, 1932 zAstrI, du. ke. : vaiSNava dharmane saMkSipta itihAsa', muMbaI, 1917 -zaiva dharmane saMkSipta itihAsa', muMbaI, 1936 zAstrI, haM. gaM. ; aDAlajanI vAvane lekha', "kumAra", pu. 104 . prakaraNa 13-paviziSTa Misra, S. C. : Medieval History', Sovenir, 66th Session of Indian National Congress Bhavnagar, Bhavnagar, 1961 parIkha, pra. ci. : bhAratane sAMskRtika ItihAsa, amadAvAda, 1974 vALaMda, narottama : gujarAtanI saMskRti para muslima asara', "gujarAta', dIpotsavI aMka, amadAvAda, vi. saM. 2023

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480] saltanata kAla prakaraNa 14 Mehta, R. N. : Excavations at Nagara, Baroda, 1968 - 'Some Archaeological Remains from Baroda, Bulletin of the Baroda State Museum and Picture Gallery, Vol. IV, Parts I & II, Baroda, 1949 --'Some Glimpses into Muslim Material Culture in Gujarat, Archaelogical finds at Baroda, Islamic Culture, January, 1950 : Baroda Through the Ages, Baroda. 1953 Subbarao, B. prakaraNa 15 : Annual Report of the Archaeological Department, Baroda State, Baroda, 1928, 1935-36, 1938 : Muhammadan Architecture in Gujarat, (Archaeological Survey of Western India, Vol. VI), London, 1896 Burgess Burgess and Cousens Dhanki, Madhusudan : Architectural Antiquities of Northern Gujarat (Archaeological Survey of Western India, Vol. IX) : 'The Chronology of the Solanki Temples of Gujarat, "Journal of the Madhya Pradesh Itihas Parishad, No. 3, Bhopal, 1961

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saMdarbhasUci [54 Goetz, H. : 'Pawagadh-Champaner', Journal of Gujarat Research Society, Vol. XI, Bombay, 1949 Sankalia, H. D. : Archaeology of Gujarat, Bombay, |1941 Sompura, K. F. : Structural Temples of Gujarat, Abmedabad, 1969 gaudAnI, harilAla, : "maDisAnA naMdI ane brAhma pratimAo, DhAMkI, madhusUdana, "svAdhyAya," pu. 6, vaDodarA, 1968 zAstrI, harizaMkara jeTa, 2. bhI. : "somanAtha', amadAvAda, 1989 DhAMkI, madhusudana ane prabhAsapATaNanAM prAcIna sUryamaMdiro', "sUryamaMdira zAstrI, harizaMkara vizeSAMka" (saMpA. kAM. pU. semapurA), amadAvAda, 1964 bhaTTa, panubhAI : amadAvAdanI masjidanA hAlatA minArA', "vidyApITha', pR. 6, amadAvAda -"sulatAnanI svataMtra saltanatanI gujarAtamAM sthApanA pahelAMnuM muslima sthApatya", "vidyApITha", pu. 7, amadAvAda Burgess prakaraNa 16 : The Muhammadan Architecture of Ahmedabad, Parts I-II (Archaelogical Survey of Western India, Vol. VIII), London, 1900-1905 : 'Two Recently Acquired Jain Bronzes in the Baroda Museum', Bulletin of the Baroda Museum und Picture Gallery, Vol. XIV, Baroda, 196 Devkar, V.L.

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542]. salatanata kAla Goetz, H. : 'A Monument of the Old Gujarati Wood Sculpture', Bulletin of the Baroda Museum and Picture Gallery, Vol. VI, Parts I-II, Baroda, 1950. -The Post-Medieval Sculptures of Gujarat', Bulletin of the Baroda Museum and Picture Gallery, Vol. V, Parts I-II, Baroda, 1949 Mehta, R. N. : Sculptures at Dholka', Bulletin of Chunilal Gandhi Vidya Bhavan, Surat, 1960 Muni, : Holy Abu, Bhavnagar, 1954 Jayantvijayaji Shah U. P. : 'Iconography of the Jain Goddess Ambica', Journal of the University of Bombay, Vol. IX, Part II -Iconography of the Jaina Goddess Sarasvati', Journal of the University of Bombay, Vol. X, part II Sompura, K. F. ; The Architectural Treatment of the Ajitarath Temple at Taranga', Vidya, Vol. XV atri, choTubhAI ane : "dhUmalIne rANA rAmadevajInA samayane zilAlekha, parIkha, pravINa "UrminavaracanA", varSa 46, aMka 547-548, rAjakeTa, 1975 amIna, je. pI. : "khaMbhAtanI devayugala pratimAo', "svAdhyAya", pu. 12 vaDodarA, 1974-75 -khaMbhAtanI viziSTa zaiva pratimAo', " vidyA, pu. 16, aMka 1

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[N saMdarbha sUci gaudAnI, haribhAI : gujarAtanI pALiyA saSTi, "UrminavaracanA", aMka 547-548, varSa 46, rAjakoTa 1975 DhAMkI, madhusUdana : vimalavasahI-keTalIka samasyAo", "svAdhyAya", pu. 9, vaDodarA, 1971-72 DhAMkI, madhusUdana ane : "prabhAsapATaNanAM prAcIna zakti-maMdire", "phArbasa zAstrI, harizaMkara gujarAtI sabhAnuM saimAsika". pu. 29, eka 1, muMbaI, 1964 dANI, bihArIlAla pI. : vATsana myujhiyamanI Aditya-pratimAo, "sUrya maMdira vizeSAMka" (saMpA. ka. pU. somapurA) amadA vAda, 1964 dhoLakiyA, puSakAMta vi. jUnAgaDha myujhiyamanI sarvapratimAo', "pathika " varSa 1, aMka 10-11, amadAvAda-1974 -prabhAsapATaNa myujhiyame prApta karelA keTalAka navA zilpakhaMDo', "svAdhyAya", pu. 6, vaDedarA, 1968 nANAvaTI, ja. ma. ane : "gujarAtanI jAlasamRddhi', "kumAra", aMka 475 DhAMkI, madhusUdana amadAvAda, 1963 paramAra, khoDIdAsa : "saurASTranA pALiyA, khAMbhI ane tenAM zilpa- pratIka', "UrminavaracanA', varSa 46, aMka 547pa48, rAjakoTa, 1975 mahetA, 2. nA. : "prAcIna sthApatya ane zilpa', "gujarAta-eka paricaya', (saMpA, rAmalAla parIkha), bhAvanagara, 1961 verA, maNibhAI : "pALiyA ane khAMbhI, vIrapUjA, "UrminavaracanA', aMka 547-58, rAjakoTa, 1975

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544] salatanata kAla prakaraNa 17 Majamudar M. R. : Cultural History of Gujarat, Bombay, 1965 gairolA, vAcaspati : 'bhAratIya citrakalAkA saMkSipta paricaya', ilAhAbAda, 1964 rAya, kRSNadAsa : 'bhAratakI citrakalA', ilAhAbAda, vi.saM. 2026 varmA, avinAza bahAdura, : 'bhAratIya citrakalAkA itihAsa', barelI, 1968 navAsa, sArAmA : citra5druma', mahApA, 183

Page #576
zabdasUci akabara 63, 64, 129, 130, 139, 150, 175, 196, 245, 255, 295, 37ra akoTA 481 akho 70. acala 322 acUta kUkI 453, 489 ajitanAtha 367 ara 155 ajhI khammara 32 aDAlaja 17-21, 421-423, 468, 478, 489 aDiyA 468 aNahilapATaka 58 aNahila pATaNa 313 aNahilapura pAna 309 aNahilapura pATaNa 315 aNahilavADa pATaNa 25, 26, 3ra 36, 42-44, 50, para, 53, 58, 60, 89, 203, 2017, 304, 332, 334-335, 426-427 aticAra 299 adhevADA 177 anAvaDA 414 aparAjita-pRcchA 412, 413, 417 46 6. I-35 aphaghAna 270 aphaghAnistAna 269, 56 aphajhalakhAna 126, 127. aphajhala khAna babANa 124, 147 abaDAsA 153-155 abaDe 155 abujhakara navI ra76 abulU kAsima 333 abula phajhala 6, 63, 69, 285, 359 abdur rahImakhAna 130 abdur rahemAna 323 abdula karIma 4 abdula husena tUnI ! abdullA 334, 373, 378 abhApura 433, 434, 470, 483 "abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi 315 abhimanyu 326 amadAvAda 8, 12, 18, 21, 55 -72, 7, 84-91, 94, 111, 112, 119, 126, 128-131, 141, 145, 154, 165, 166, 171, 174, 175, 189, 28, 217, 222, 246-248, 275, 241, 285, 286, 292, 294, 296, 317, 319, 334, 35-357, 367, 370, 372, 678,

Page #577
546 ] 382, 413-425, 428, 441-459, 471, 488 -495, 499, 105, 109 amanagara 101 amarIti suri 339 amarisaMha 178 amInakhAna gArI 132, 176 amIra khuza| 2 amIra navarAjha 47 amIra husena 37, 137, 138 amIrAte sadA 31, 46 amRtakalaza 15 ayA javalI 174 ayAkhyA 426 aradezara 384 araba 269 arabastAna 269, -294, 334 arabI samudra 295 arjunazAha 29 arbuda-maDala 467 saltanata kAla 286, 291 askhAna 384 alAuddIna atA muhammada 335 alAuddIna ahamada bahumatI 193 alAuddIna AlamazAha 226 alAuddIna khalajI 14, 25, 26, 58, 182, 203, 204, 306, 325, 360, 384, 394, 445 atriyAjI 154 alIkhAna khAsa nahera 337 alI reIsa 507 ala krujhArUnI 501 apakhAna 2, 12, 25,26, 45, 176, 206, 303, 306, 366, 373, 425 apakhAna lakA 458 amIDA (phrAnsisko 6 albhIDA) 137, 138 avANiyA 160 'azIkA'2 asanI 457 asAIta 300, 323 asAvala 62, 31, 42, 51, 53-55, 58, 302, 458 asIragaDha 77 ahamada khaTTa (gaja akSa) 55, 58, 59, 86, 270,275, 333, 334, 393, 451,488, 109 ahamadakhAna 93 ahamada jahAnazAhe 335 ahamada jArI zIrAjhI 393 ahamadanagara 12, 81, 108, 111, 113, 114, 18, 182, 187, 195, 217, 222, 225, 249, 281, 396, 413, 415, 416 ahamada bina ayAjha 29 ahamadazAha 1le 11, 13, 14, 59-61, 63, 72, 74-83, 161, 12, 171, 173, 175, 180, 123, 188, 189, 201, 202, 211, 213-221, 224, 225, 247-249, 271, 275, 276, 286, 332, 361,

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367, 372, 393, 394, 397, 414, 415, 420, 443, 445, 447-450, 488 ahamadazAha ra o (kutbuddIna ahamadazAha) 11, 71, 8-8, 135, 184, 186, 189 220, 221, 226, 227 231,232, 247, 276 367 449 ahamadazAha 3 ja 127, 148, 221, 222, 243, 244, 247, 107, 59 ahamadazAhanI masjida 60 ahamadazAhanA rAjo 61 ahamadazAha bahumanI 82 ahamadAbAda 58, 59, 74, 228, 246, 248, 249, 419 ahasanAbAda 3} aMkalezvara 383 zabdasUci AMgArazAha 3}} aMgrejo 296 aMjAra 154 davA 505 badevasUri 12, 297 'AIne akabarI'6 AgAkhAna 376 AgrA 119, 194-196, 294 'AcArAMgasUtra' 321 AcAya che. na. 370 Ajaka 168 AjhamakhAM 60, 65, 452 AjhamakhAMne mahela - 0, 71 Ajhama. maleka khurAsAnI 33 Ajhama humAyU 192 AMtarasUbA 102 AdAkAra 478 Adila khAna 2 ja 97 191, 192 AdilakhAna 3jo 97 AnaMdakumAra svAmI 494 Ana vimalasUri 371 AphrikA 37, 282, 286, 291, 293, 295, 405 Ayu 87, 88, 362, 36 6, 408 426-431, 409-482 AmarajI 153 AmaraNa 155, 156 AmAda 39 AraMbhaDA 104 Ara bhasiddhi 39 ArAmazAha kazmIrI pa [ vro ArAsaNa 368 ArAsura 362 Alama 451 AlamakhAna ledI 123, 124 Albukarka (AlphAnjho da Albukarka) 141 20, 137-139, 151, 282 AzApallI 58, 313 AzA bhIla 72 AsakaraNa 175 AsamAAna 126, 212 AhukhAnA 21 ikhtiyArakhAna 119, 122, 123, 397

Page #579
549] ijipta 137-140, 144, 281, 392, 108 ijha-ud-ddIna 172 pratibhAdakhAna 127-130, 131, 149, 295, 382 prakRtikhAra 191 ibna batUtA 2, 37, 273, 292, 501, 102 mukhva hajar akalAnI 337 dambula kAlamI 30 imbula jajharI 336 brAhIma lAdI 194, 195 brAhIma zAha para saltanata kAla sAdulluka 75, 88, 90, 94, 99, 110, 6 11, 119, 120, 123, 124, 149, 187, 188 ImAma zAha 201, 274, 380, 381, 394 ImAmazAhI paMtha 394 ImamAmuddIna 380, 393, 394 imAme gAyaba 376 IrAka 286 sAmI 2 isTa inDiyA kaM panI 223 ismAIla 305 IMdravadana na. AcAya 172 IDara 41, 43, 44, 50, 64, 74, 81, 81, 85, 10-108, 112, 126, 173, 178, 179, 181, 186-188, 311, 324 IrAna 97, 106, 269, 181, 282, 285, 286, 291, 293-295, 334, 356, 367-369, 379, 381, 392, 394, 416, 427, 432, 467, 485 IrAnI akhAta 291-294 Izvara 368 Isana 62, 457 Isara bAroTa 330 '3ktiratnAkara' 297 ujjaina 77, 79, 189, 190 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra' 319, 320 udayadhama 317, 318 udayaprabhasari 318 udayarAja 14, 302, 319 udayavallabhasUri 368 udayasiMga 111 udayasiMha 426 uddhava 329 'upadezatara giNI' 12 upadezamAlA' 322 upadezasasati' 12 ubhayadullA 376 umara mita ahemada 42 umaravANu 183 umarALA 196-178 umareTha 326 umAzaMkara jozI 301 ulamA 275 udhakhAna 157, 361

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zakhasUci (549 usamAna 453 usamAnapurA 276 UnA 39, 283, 362, 365 UMjhA 153, 428 eDana 282, 294 enula mulaka mulatAnI ra7 elIjha 59 elarA 497, 498 eziyA 405 okhAmaMDaLa 92, 156 ghaniyukti 498 eti cADiye 67 esA 159 auraMgajheba 65 kakkari 13, 284, 303, 306 ka7 35, 53, 64, 132, 135, 153-156, 175, 208, 243, 253, 293, 43 0, 484 . kacachanuM raNa 38 kaDI 26, 35, 130, 380 kathAkeza 12 kathAratnasAgara" 398 kanIja 120 kaherI 383 kapaDavaMja 86, 356 kabIruddIna 38 0, 393 kamalaprabhamuni 305. kamalasaMyama upAdhyAya 319 kamAluddIna guga 26 karaNajI 428 karAyA 385 karIma mahamada mAstara 27, 273, 374 karNadeva 1le 72 karNadeva vAghelo 325 karNATaka 14, 317 karnala vaselI hega 102 karmaNa maMtrI 219, 325, 367, 397 karmarAja 19 karmavatI 116, 117 karmA zAha 285, 366, 428 kalakattA 495 kalikAla-batrIsI 17 kalikAla-rAsa" 17. ka9pasUtra' 498, 499 kavikalpadruma" 321 kavirAja 397 kaMkAvaTI (kUvA) 173, 174, 468, 476 kaMTIvAsa 468 kaMDela TekarI 430 kaMthakeTa 35, paMDa, kAusena 463 kAjhI lAla 31 kAThIe 153, 156, 176 kAtyAyana zrautasUtra' 320 kAdambarI 327 kAnama 394 kAnajI 177 kAnhaDade 325 kAnhaDade prabaMdha" 14, 399, 409 kAnha (kRSNa) 82, 101, 192

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55) sanata mala kAya 259 kAlakAcAryathA' 396 kAlAvaDa 157, 362 kAlikaTa 137, 295 kAlidAsa 315 kAvI 37, 284, 501, 511 kAzI 285 kAzmIra 380 kAsTro (jeoo DI kA) 143, 147, 148 kAMkariyuM taLAva 21, 61,63, 89, kAMdho 178 425 kAMjI 153 kizanagaDha 47) kirase saMjANuM 383-385 kIku vasahI 327 kIrtivallabhagaNi 320 buddAnanI meTI masjida 61 kubuddIna mubArakazAha 26, 396 kubuddIna muhammadakhAna 131 kube Alama 33, 393, 53 kumArapAla 159, 172, 305, 315 kumArapAlacarita"305, 308, 315 kumArapAlaprabaMdha" 315 kurAna' 298, 336, 337, 349 382 kurezI 274 kulamaMDanagaNi 300 kulamaMDanasUri 299, 307, 308 kuMbhalagaDha 87. 186 kuMbhalamera 80 88 kuMvarapAla 39, 87 426 kekobAda saMjANuM 384 keronA 140 kezavadAsa raderAma 328 kesariyAjI 467 ke cIna 295 keTA 101 ke sAMbI nagarI ra84 kaLIo 211 kekaNa 20 8, ra93 kSemakaraNa 315 kSemakarasUri 310 kharA 156 kharataragaccha macchara khalajI 218 khalapha hasana 83 khalIlakhana 97, 98, 174 khabAI 510 khaMbhAta 17, 21, 29, 31 35, 37, 42, 54, 68, 96, 112, 118, 119, 131, 142, 150, 163, 214, 273, 282, 285, 286, 291-266, 302, 309, 312, 31, 323, 3pa0 356, 363, 378, 392, 405, 4ra3, 440 -444, 446, 465, 468 -471, 475, 481, 483, 487, 465, 468, 501, 505-507, 504, 510 khaMbhAtane akhAta 148 khAjA saphara 124 khAnakhAnAna 175, 271 khAnajahAna 166, 191 khAnadeza 76, 77,82, 97, 113, 115-116, 12, 127

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(551 | -129, 148, 191-192, 204, 208 khAnapura-vAMkAnera 256 khAphIkhAna 136 khArI 129 khAMbhaDA kara7 khilesa 156, 157 khIcI cauhANa vaMza 18ra, 185 khImasiMha 4ra7 khImajI 170, 240 khudamIra 450 khudAvaMdakhAna 93, 124, 508 khusarokhAna ra7 28, 46, 396 gadA 368, 431, 480 gadAmaMtrI 219, 367, 387 gadArAja 4ra7 gaMga 310 gaMgadAsa 13, 85, 86, 163, 183, 149, 317, 328 gaMgadAsapratApavilAsanATaka 13, 163, 184, 302, 317 gaMgAdhara 13, 14, 163, 164, 202, 32, 17, 318 gaMja maAnI 5 gadhAra 77, 45, ra84, 368, 501, 57, 510 gAjhona 108 gAjhakhAna 154 gAyakavADanI havelI 6, 7, 71 gArsiyA DI no rahe 146 gAMdhAra ra8ra giyAsuddIna 95, 185, 189 giyAsuddIna tugalaka zAha gAjhI 28, kheDabrahmA 362 khetala 367 khemo dedarANI 23 khemo DAliyo ra3, ra70 kheraDI 130 kheMgArajI 154, 155 kharA 176 khorAsA 426 rAsAna 269. vAjA saphara samAnI 147 gajaNa 155 gajaNa vaza 153 gaDhaDA-zAmaLAjI 468 gaDhavADA 468 gaNapata 328 gaNapati 17 gaNitasAra" 13, 281 gaNeza 83, 85, 102 giranAra 36, 37,48, 84, 90, 92, 98, 159, 256, 304, 311, 36-368, 4ra7, 468, 485 gItagovinda 34 gIramathA 381 gujarAtakI tamadunI tArIkha 276 gujarAtane arabI itihAsa 146, 14 gujarAta vidyAsabhA 471 guNaratnasari 322

Page #583
552 saltanata kAla guNarAja 367, 397 guNarAja saMghavI 219 guNavinaya 3rara guNakaramuni 317 guNeThA 4ra6 gurjaradezabhUpAvalI" 16 gurnAvalI" 15 gulabarga 36, 42, 192 guhAditya 178 gRhilavaMza 176, 186 geDI 153 gemalasiMhajI 51, 56. gepara 20, 21 godharA 208 gopInAtha 397 goreja 160 galakeDA 193 govardhana 426 govA 114, 138, 139, 141, 142, 282, ra92 goviMda kara7 goviMda sAdhu 367 gosA 168 gohilavADa 25, 176 gohile 178 gAMDaLa 37, 132, 155, 286 gvAliyara 117 dhaTAmaMDaLa"nA mahele 62, 63 ghUmalI 160, 167, 168, 493 ghellA 37, 48, 143, 147, 176, 197, 214, 28, 284, 296, 500, 502, 507 ghoDAsara 102 vadhatAI, Do. muhammada abdullAha 8 caturbhuja 328 caturvizatiprabaMdha" 307 carajI pAradhI 123 caMgIjhakhAna 129, 295 caMderI 106, 107 caMdrakIrtisUri 3rara caMdramauli maM. majamUdAra ra01 caMdrAvatI 467 caMpakanera 317 cANamAM 4ra7 cAritryasuMdaragaNi 315, 316 cArUpa 4ra6 cAvaDAvaMza 305 cAMgA saMdhavI 367 cAMdakhAna 114, 115, 190 cAMpAnera 12. 13, 21- 23, kara, 63, 76-78, 85. 86, 9ra. 94, 5, 7, 118-120, 138-145, 163, 177, 182-184, 188-199, 202, 204, 200, rarara, rara9-237, 241, 247, 250, 381, 32, 317, 355, 384, 496, 405, 411, 413, 41-41, 441 445, 467, 461, 490, 498, 499, 505, 508 cittoDa 87, 88, 107, 111, 116, 117, 174, 181, 316, 3ra1, 368 ciMgIjhakhAna 1ra9 cIna 28, 291, 29ra. 405 407, 507

Page #584
zabdasUci T5thI cuMvALa 362 cUDAsamA 157, 172 cevala 97, 113, 137-139, 282, 383 maitanya 363 coTIlA 176 coravADa 160, 162, 171, 427 chatrasAla 75, 36 chItrA 170 choTA-udepura 185 jaItapAla 167 jagaDucaritakAvya" 303, 335 jagata (dvArakA) 92, 132 jagasiMha 368 janArdana 364 janArdana travADI 346 japharulavAlibe mujhaphaphara va Aliha javAMmardakhAna 455 javAMmadI 480 jazakIrti 306 jasadhavalajI 167 jahAna cumbula 32 jahAMgIra 64 jahAMpanAha 417 jarA 208 jaMbusara 354 jADejA 153, 155 jAphara 393 jAphara asU sAdIka 375 jApharAbAda 142 jAma abaDA 154 jAma unnaDa 167 jAmakhaMbhALiyA 156 jAma chatrasAla 132 jAma jasAjI 175 jAma bAmaNiyAjI 167 jAma rAvaLa 153, 154, 156, 330 jAma lAkhe 155 joma vileja 157 jAma satrasAla (sojI) 157, 169 jAmanagara 169, 330, 4ra8 jAlera 14, 45, 101, 313 3ra4, 369 jAvaDa 328 jAvA 284 jAMbu 175 muDA 157 jamAluddIna urphe jammana 335 jamAluddIna muhAphIjhakhAna 454 jayacaMdrasUri 317 jayatilakasUri 311 jayadeva lara4 jayazekharasUri 299, 309 jayasAgara 313 jayasiMha 92, 94, 267, 317 jayasiMhadeva (patAI) 133, 183, 14, 185 jayasiha ra je 197 jayasiMha suri 308, 309 jalAla zamsaddIna 378 jalAluddIna zAha Alama 456

Page #585
554] satata kAla jittamAla kara8 jinakIrtiri 316, 367, 368 jinapadmasUri 305 jinaprabha 303 jinaprabhasUri 15, 304, 366 jinasUri 12, 32, 313, 368, 369 jinamaMDanagaNi 315 jinavardhanasUri 312 jinavijaya 318 jinasuMdarasUri 314 jinasUri 32 jinaharSagaNi 303, 216, 321 jinezvarasUri 470 jinadayasUri 308, 370 jimaNavAra-paridhAna-vidhi' 261 jiyera 426 jItapura 42 jIrAvalA ga7 370 jIrAvalA pArzvanAthastotram 304 jIvaNadAsa 54 jUnAgaDha 12, 13, 35, 39, 75, 90 -93, 112, 132. 159, 10, 162. 164, 165, 168, 171-174, 176, ra22, 223, 23-237, 247, 249, 250, 286, 302, 317, 318, 324, 328, 361, 464, 268, 369, 395, 413-416, 421, 468 jUnAgaDha myujhiyama 363, 473 jeThavA 156, 172 jeThavA vaMza 167 jetasiMghajI 101 jetAjI 177 jemIlI kererI 68 jemsa pharmsa 448 jesala 37, 425 jesalamera 302,313, 468, 370 485 jaitasiMha 172, 173 jogaNI 238 joTANA 129 joDiyA 157 jadhAjI rAThoDa 183 jainapura 45, 499 jJAnasAgarasUri 307, 312 jJAnAcArya 329 japa ja de menejhisa 125 jaduja hArakhAna 295 jhapharakhAna 27, 43, 44, 50-53, 75, 83, 84, 160, 161, 168, 170, 171, 176, 180, 197, 204, 207, 292, 324, 394 jhapharakhAna phArasI 39, 40, 159, 172, 179, 206, 2017, ra70, 392 jhapharakhAna bina vacharumuka kara jhakaluvAliha be-mujhaphara va Aliha 5, 7, 8 jhAlA 173, 174, 476 jhAlAvADa 29, 75, 76, 101, 110, 161, 174, 192, 468

Page #586
jhAlAvaMza 172 jhAMjhaNakumAra 318 jhAMjhamera 198 jhiyA maratI ra jhiMjharakAra 198 TANA 177 TAMka rAjapUta 53 TrIsTAe DegAna 139, 140 TIMkhI 169 Tevani yara 65 ToDaramala 63 kura pherU 13, 22 ThaThThA 36, 38, 39, 292 ThAkaraDA 179 DanaleApa 76 DabhAI 31-34, 47, 315, 394, 469 Disakalakara 198 DIegA krnAnDIjha ejA 143, 142 DIsA 468 huM garjI 177 DuMgarapura 83, 85, 102, 108, 114, 134, 208, 48, 467 DuMgarasI 185, 395 DegA 140 ThaMDA 156 zabdasUci DhADhara nadI 510 DhAMkI, madhusUdana 433, 463, 464 hUMDhiyA 70 tagI 34-38, 119, 291 'tapAgaccha'372 'takhakAte akabarI' 5, 6, 22 'tabakrAMte abdula karIma' 4 'tabakAte bahAdurazAhI' pa 'tabakAte mahamUdazAhI' 4, 331 tabakAte husAmakhA' pa taradI ega 120 taruNuprabhasUri 308 'tavArIkhe humAyU' pa (551 taLAjA 231, 232, 324, 469 tamela 82 tAjbana narapAlI 51, 456 tAjakhAna sAlAra 62 tAnjhIyatula amsara 287 tAjuddIna abdula kAlamI 29 tAjudIna tu 29, 206 tAjula-mulka 84, 395 tAtArakhAna 42, 44, 50-52, 55 58, 84, 180 tAtArakhAna ledI 117 tApI 507 tAragA 311, 367, 427 tArApura 37 tArIkhe ahamadazAhI' 3, 6ra.. 331, 333 tArIkhe brAhImI' pa 'tArIkhe gujarAta' 6

Page #587
556] satanata kAla | tArIkhe phiristA" 6, 22, 3, 361 tArIkhe phIrojhazAhI " (le. jhiyA. baranI) 2 "tArIkhe phirojhazAhI (le. zamsa zIrAjha aphIka) 2 tArIkhe bahAdurazAhI pa7, 331 'tArIkhe mahamUdazAhI' 331, 333, 336 'tArIkhe mujhaphUpharazAhI' (pahelI) 3 tArIkhe mujhapharazAhI' (mIjI) 5 tArIkhe mujhaphapharazAhI " (trIjI) 6 'tArIkhe mubArakazAhI' 3 'tArIkhe salAtIna gujarAta" 4, 6, 331 tArIkhe sake jahAna" 4, 331 "tIrtha mAlA" 15 tugaluka 218 tugalakavaMza 193 tugaluka sulatAne 204 tujhuke jahAMgIrI" 08 turkastAna 285, 294 tukI 507 turkI 269, 270 tejasiMha 428 tetiri 301 telaMgaNA 46 'taudUphatulumanAlisa' 334 tautusAdAta 5, 331 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita' 345,488 gelekya-prakAza" 172 rayaMbakadAsa 76, 78 yaMbakadeva 183, 201, 202 thAIlenDa 294, 407 thANa 83, 383, 507 thAna 365,426,430, 468, 478 thAlanera 97, 191 theno 68 damaNa 114, 143, 146, 148, 149, 208, 285, 295, 507 damAskasa 286 dariyAkhAna 39, 62, 123, 45ra, 453 davalarAnI -khijharakhAna' 2 dazavaikAlika-laghuvRtti' 498 daphtarakhAna 454, 57 dahIsarA 156, 428 dAujI bina kutubazAha 378 dAUda 11 dAudakhAna 89 dAUdazAha 220, 227 dAdU bhagata 170 dAmodara 199, 363 dAhoda 8, 95, 123, 185, 504 dilhI 25, 40, 43, 44, pa0, 51, 173, 147, 195, 196, 28, 294, 349 dilhI saltanata 203, 220 dIva 12, 20, 21, 97, 112.114, 116, 118, 119, 121, 124 125, 150, 215, 222, 228, 230, 234, 250, 256, 282, 283, 285, 286, 295, 394, 506, 507, 509, 510

Page #588
durgAdevI 116 kUdA 367 dekAvADA 353 deva 48 0 devagaDhabAriyA 185 devagira 25, 31 devamUrti 312 devimalagaNi 303 devalapura 49 devasu MdarasUri 302, 311 devaLadevI 25 devANI 177 devA tamAcI 156 dehula 326 dAlatakhAna lAdI 190 dolatAbAda 12, 33, 34, 36, 82, 113, 251, 2para, dolatAbAda (vaDAdarA) 222 'dravya-parIkSA'13, 22 dvArakA 92, 93, 132, 163, 317, 363, 395 'dvArakA-pattala' 164, 166 dharamapura 208 dharma prabhasUri 306 dhama vijaya 323 dhaMdhukA 111, 119, 123, 144 dhaMdhusara 60, 345, 363 dhAra para, 388 AALakA 17, 21, 261, 286, 302, 424, 428, 440 -447, 459, 473, 475, 477, 487, 489, 490, 499 zabdasaci dhrAMgadhrA 174, 408 dhroLa 175, 156 nagaraka 291 nagaraThaThThA 37, 103 nagarAja 370 [15 nagIcANA 159, 197 nagInAvADI 71 najamuddIna--a--gilAnI 501 nayanacaMdrasUri 15 narapati 327 tarAla 427 narisahadeva 397 narasiddha mahetA 163, 259, 300 -302, 324-326, 330, 364 narasiharAva bhA. diveTiyA 300 narmadA 34, 35, 128, 132 navasArI 270, 286, 379 383 -385 navAnagara 156, 208, 223, 228, 243, 243, 283 nasaratakhAna 291 nasIra 76 nasIrakhAna 82 naheravAlA 25, 38, 18, 208 26 305 'nakhatrIsI'327 naMdarabAra 76, 82, 83, 86, 112, 192, 208, 28 6 nAra 328, 330 nAgajI 175 nAga jeThavA 197 nAganesa 156

Page #589
558) sAta kAla nAgabAI 199, nAgara 258 nAgAditya 178 nAgara 83, 87, 101, 186, 313. 369 nAthakUvA 408 nAbhinandanajidvAraprabaMdha' 284, nArAyaNa 329 nArAyaNadAsa 216 nAsirUdIna khusarozAha 28 nAsirUdIna mahamUdazAha 42, 44 nAsirUdIna muhammadazAha 41, 42 nAsirUdIna muhammadazAha tugalaka 50 nAsIra ahamadazAha bahamanI 191, 192 nAsIra-ulU-mulka 508 nAsIrakhAna 188, 191-193 nAsIruddIna 190 nAsIruddIna mahamUda tugaluka 193, 194 nadeda 51, 56, 75-77, 112, 132, 188, 208, 209, 426. nijhAmazAha bahamanI 90 nijhAmI gajavI 337 nijhAmuddIna 33, 34 nijhAmuddIna ahamadabakSI 6 nijhAmuddIna eliyA 72 nijhAmumuka 38, 39, 95, 17, 108, 181, 182, 185, 192 nijhAmumuka jUnA bahAdura turka 206, 207 nijhAmula mulaka husena 133 nijhAre billAha 376, 379 nimADa 298, 299 nizItha-cUrNa 498 nune-da-munhA 20, 119, 121, 144-146 nara muhammada 381 nUra muhammadazAha 394 nura satagara 373, 376, 379 nuddIna 379 nRsiMha 397 nRsiMhArazyamuni 363 nepALa 494 nematullAha 337 "manAthacariu 300 neminAthacaritra' 498 seMdhaNajI 154 patA 368 patAI rAvaLa 94, 95, 395 pattana 302 padmanAbha 14, 325 parabata mahete 325 paramAra 175, 176 parazurAma 318 parvata 370 paMcapAMDavacaritarAsa" 299 paMcamahAla jillo 468 paMcamI kathA 346 paMjAba 205, 380 pATaDI 35, 36, 173, 364 pATaNa 43, 53, 129, 13, 159, 284, 286, 302,

Page #590
zabdasaci 310, 313, 317, 327, 352, 366, 369, 371, 379, 393, 394, 495, 498, 509 pATaNa, somanAtha 507 pANIpatanuM yuddha 185 pAraDI 90 pArasIo 383, 385 pAlanapura 111, 302, 323, 366, (382, 394 pAvAgaDha 62, 78, 85, 155, 173, 184, 185, 267, 281, 362, 382, 397, 413, 414, 4ra7, 432 pAMDava 35 pAMDu 33, 75 prinsa oNpha velsa myujhiyama 239, 247 pItAMbara 321 pIthaDa 367 pIrama beTa 36, 37, 48, 177, 282, 285, 501 pIrANuM 381 pIrANApaMtha 381, 394 pIrojakhAna 371 pugAma 428 puramIna (pura miyANuM) 284 pUnA 495 pUrNa caMdra koThArI 368 pUrva mALavA 115 pUMja 367 pigu 292-294 peTalAda 29, 354, 355, 394, 468 pathaDakumAra 318, 370, 426 pestanajI 383 ribaMdara 200, 223, 243 piTugala 148 piorTugIjha 96, 114, 150, 251, (335 pisInA 431 piLo 433, 476, 483 pratiSThAma 16, 303, 312 prabaMdhakAza" 12, 303, 307 prabaMdhaciMtAmaNa" 12, 303, 306 "prabaMdha paMcazatI" 12 prabodhacaMdrodaya' 326 prabhAsa 365, 426, 420, 430 prabhAsa pATaNa 17, 148, 158, 160, 162, 165, 170, 201, 282, 326, 328, 361, 420, 468, 474, 476, 479 prabhAsa pATaNa myujhiyama 477 prayAgadAsa 57 prazastakaradeva 338 "pRthavIcaMdracarita' 17, 277 pRthvIrAja 17, 114, 285 premAnaMda 329 premAvatI 329 phatehapura sikarI 130 phatehavADI 64, 71 phatehakhAna 89, 103 phajhaluddIna muhammada bina kivAma 337 phajhalullAha 337 phaItumuka(murriha sulatAnI) 40 42, 93, 179, 206, 458

Page #591
50] na kAla phrAnsio bereTa 149 phrAMsisa jheviyara 138 phArUkI vaMza 191 phiraMgIo 125, 143-146, 148, 150, 283, 293, ra95, 361 kiriztA 378 phIjhakhAna 54 phIrojha jAma 113 phIrojhazAha 39 phIrojhazAha tugaluka 38, 81, 48, 49, 53, 159, 172, 188, 205, 280, 286, 308, 337. phIrojhazAha bahamanI 192 phIrojhazAha sulatAna 446 kutuha-usasalAtIna 2 phUlakA 170 jhilAha bimbAnI 4, 333, 336, pheDarika 509, 510 bakarI Ida 275 bagasarA 160 badAUnI 136 bayAsarA 275 bajesa 463 balI sela 158 bazIra 455 bahamanI 253 bahamanI rAjavaMza 192 bahamanI rAjya 113, 189 baharajI (rAjA) 113 bahalula ledI 194, 226 bahAuddIna 94, 454 bahAdurazAha 11, 20, 63, 111, 113-122, 124, 126, 142-146, 155, 174, 189, 190, 195, 214, 221, 222, 239-241, 250, 251, 283, 285, 29", 366, 396, 454 bahAdura ha LIlAne 96 baherAmakhAna 196 bAgAkha 25, 33, 43, 113, 208 bAge nabaLA 62 bAja bahAdura 100 bAjha-da-Abukarka 20 bANa 327 bAbara 187, 195 bArasA 20, 63, 68, 282, 292, 502-57, 511, bArA 155 bAlagopAla-stuti' 499 bAlAvabodha 13 bAharoTane pahADa 384 bikAnera 495 bijApura 139 bilAla jadUjahArakhAna 125 bilAha 376 bihaNa 329 bIdara 133, 192 bIbIjI 450 bIbI mIthI 103 bIbI mughalI 103 bIrabala 63

Page #592
zabdasaci bukhArI 295 burahAna 127 burahAna nijhAmazAha 111, 113, 115 burahAnapura 12, 115, 122, 123, 222, 235-237, 251 burahAnuddIna 126, 458 burahAnuddIna aba muhammada 334 bUTaDa lAkhA 430 baMdI 101 begaDo" 98 beTa dvAra 163, 395 beDa 156 beharIna 286 bekhIrA 157, 170 boTAda 176 boru 425 besanagAma 200 besTana-saMgrahAlaya 498, 499 brahmadasa 171 brahmadeza 407 briTiza myujhiyama 252 baeNgA-jhA, kenTina DI. 149 behadeva 330 bhadra 60 bhadrakALInuM maMdira 60 bhadrano killo 59, 60, 65, 414 bhadrezvara 9, 350 bhadresara 155 bharaTAviMzikA' 312 bhammariyo kUvo 21 -5-36 bharatezvara-bAhubalirAsa' 301 bharUca 10, 31-35, 45, 54,55, 58, 112, 123, 125, 131, 143, 149, 150, 189, 208, 284-286, 302 336, 352-356, 360, 383, 392, 405, 440- 445, 508-510 bharma 170, 426 bhANa 368, 432, 434 bhANajI 157, 167, 170 bhANajI 7mo 169 bhANuM 371 bhAramala 107 bhArata 494-45 bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa ( bhAlaNa 228, 300-302 bhAlaNa travADI 327 bhAdevasUri 308 bhAvanagara 507 bhAranagara rAjya 8 bhIma 173, 174, 364, 395, 4ra7 bhIma kavi 324 bhIma kezavadAsa 326. bhImajI (vADhera) 92, 93, 104 bhImarADa 176 bhIma vaiSNava 330 bhIma (sadayavasavIracaritrakAra) 300 bhImasiMha 106, 107 bhImA zAha 431 bhImajI 153, 155

Page #593
kara bhIleA 178 bhUjanagara 154 bhUdeva zukala 323 bhUpata 166 bhUpatarAya 114, 116 bhUvATI khI 171 bheTAlI 431 bheje. vidyAbhavana 471 saltanata kAla bheAmiyA 179 -maAsiphe mahamUdazAhI' (le. abdulakarIma hamadAnA) 331 "masire mahamUdazAhI'(le. abdula husena tUrkI) 3, 331 maAsire mahamUdazAhI ' (le. zammuddIna muhammada jhIraka) 3,4 "AsIre rahImI' 98 < karAna 269 makasuda 453 bhA 126, 150, 269, 270, 280, 284, 286, 291 418, 439 makatupura 49 makabUle Alama 456 humapura 172 magadallA 283 madInA 270, 291 madhusUdana vyAsa 330 madhya eziyA 269 manu 345 mayaNa 325 -mahaMmatAnAma e murahAnI' 334 malabAra 96, 97, 282, 286, 293, 294, 504 malayacaMdrasuri 309 malAkkA 286, 293 malika 2 jo 191 malika ayAjha 97, 108, 109, 137-139, 142, 187, 282, 284, 506 malika alIma dura malika ijhajhuddIna yahyA 39 malika shAka 112 lika kAphUra 25, 26, 291 malika kALu ra malika geApI 138, 140, 141, 216 lika gehara 172 malika tUgAna 112, 284 lika dInAr 27 malika bahAuddIna sulatAnI 453 malika mujhaphphara 34 malika muha 40 malika rAyarAyAM 62, 94 malika zAbAna 10, 87 malika saMjara 25 malika sAraMga 104 malika husena 95 malekula hukamA 29 mala 426 masaUda 84, 189 mahabUe Alama 457 mahamUda I7 334, 393 mahamUda khalajI 193 mahemUdukhona 122 mahamUda gAvAM 193

Page #594
zathi mahamUdanagara 9, 131 mahamUda bina munavvamulka bukhArI 6 mahamUdazAha khalajI 83, 86, 88, 90, 106, 109, 115, 187 mahamUdazAha 1 lo (begaDa) 9, 11 -14, 20, 23, 48, 62, 63, 71, 89, 90, 95 -99, 104, 106, 133, 138, 164-166, 174 -176, 181, 184, 189, 190, 192, 199 213-217, 220-223, 227-232, 237, 240, 249-251, 253, 255, 256, 267, 271, 280, 285, 295, 333, 335, 361, 363, 370, 372, 382, 384, 392, 394, 397, 414, 416-424 4ra7, 444, 451-453, 457-462, 480, 488, 502-504 mahamUdazAha re je 110, 112, 114, 239, 255, 271, 37ra mahamUdazAha 3 jo 122,123 125, 127, 135, 14-148, 182, 212, 222, 223, 241-243, 248, 251 -255, 382, 395 mahamUdAbAda 21, 93, 119, 120, 126-128, 131 mahAgujarAtanA musalamAno' ra7ra, 374 mahAdeva 320 "mahAbaliyA' 199 "mahAbilA" 164 mahAbhArata 318, 326 mahI 86, 295 mahIpAladeva 364 mahIsA 447 mahuvA 17, 143, 159, 363, 485 mahetA, (Do) ramaNalAla 419 mahemadAvAda 93, 413,416, 417, 421, 424, 458, 462, 490, 509 mahesANA 480, 485 maheMdraprabha 15 mahedraprabhasUri 304 mahedrasUri 309 maMDana 320 maMDalIka mahAkAvya" 13, 14, 158, 163, 164, 166, 173, 198, 202, 302, 318 maMdara 88, 109, 118 mANasA 18 mANikyazekhara 314 mANijyasuMdarasUri 17, 277, 299, 314 mANeka 155 mANekacaMda 216 397 mANekacoka 59, 61 mANekanAtha 59 mANeka buraja 59 mAdhavapura 326 mAdhavAnalakAmakaMdakalAprabaMdha' 17 mAnadeva 33, 34

Page #595
514] satata kAla mAnasiMhajI 174, 175 mAravADa 298, 372, 495 mArTijha enga 140 mAhisaka 447 mAhima 193, 57 mAhezvara 79 mALavA 31, 32, 43, 5, 79, 84, 95, 106, 109, 114, 115, 143, 185-193, 204, 253, 291, 293, 298, 299 mALiyA 132, 175 mALiyA(miyANuM) 9 mAMgaroLa 17, 21, 39,48, 49, 146, 158-160, 164, 165, 171, 17, 286, 325, 507 bhAMgarALa-sIla 168 mAMgu viSNudAsa 330 mAMDaNa 364 mAMDaNuM baMdhAro 326 mAMDala 35, 36, 173, 175 mAMDalagaDha 43 mAMDalika ! je 90, 91, 164 -16 6, 317, 318 mAMDalika (yuvarAja) 198 mAMDavagaDha 79 mAMDavA 102 mAMhu 77-79, 10-108, 114, 117, 118, 120, 123, 188-190 miThAI 156 mitkAja 336 miyAMkhAna ciztI 453 mirAte ahamadI 8, 66, 70, ' 281, 282, 378, 382 mirAte sikaMdarI' 5-7, 22, 64, 9, 134, 185,382, 386, - 417, 503 mizra, De. satIzacaMdra ra7ra misara 97, 336, 376 miMga vaMza 406 maphatAha 149 mIrajhAkhAna 131, 132 mIra abU turAba valI 6 mIrajhA 129 mIrajhA ajhIjha kekA 130 mIrajhA askarI 11, 120 mIrajhAe 120 mIrajhA muhammada hasana urpha alI muhammadakhAna 8 mIrajhA muhammada husena 295 mIra saiyada alI kANAnI 5 mIrAM 300-302 mIrAMbAI 328 mIrAM muhammadazAha 122 muAjhamakhAM 45ra muijhujhuddIna 34, 35, 47 maphabila tilaMgI 30, 31, 396, 501 mugdhAvabodha-ktaka 299300, 307, 338 mughala sAmrAjya 223 mughalI bIbI 89, 98 mughala 38, 120, 398 mujAhidakhAna 124, 126, 397

Page #596
zabdasRSTi (565 mujhapharakhAna 4, 24, 44, 58, 361, 394 mujhaphpharazAha 1 le para-57, 74, 84, 188, 215, 218, 221, 224, 229, 240, 247, 396 mujhaphpharazAha 2 je 10, 20, 106 -110, 13-141, 157, 174, 181, 187, 190, 192, 215, 217, 222, 234, 235, 237-239, 241, 249-254, 271, 332, 337, 396, 4pa, 457. mujhaphapharazAha 3 je 128-132, 196, 221, 222, 243252, 255, 275, 25, 382, 509 mujhapharazAhI3, 331 mujhaphapharAbAda 142 mutII pa muni pratiSThAma 319 munibhadrasUri 308, 367 munisuMdarasUri 310 murha 354 mupharaMha phaha-ulU-muka 361 murha sulatAnI 446 mubAraka 458 mubArakakhAna 26 mubArakazAha phArUkI 127, 128 mubArijhulamuka 108 mulatAna 291, 295 musAkhAna phulAdI 382 mustanasira billAha 376, 379 mustaphA AgA pa08 mustaphAnagara 93 mustaphAbAda 91, 94, 16 6, 222, 228-237, 249, 256, 281, 416 mustaphA rUmIkhAna 116-119, 142, 143, 285 mustAlI 376 muhammada alI 378 muhammada kAsima 47 muhammada kAsima kiriztA 6 muhammadakhAna 41, 82 muhammada jaunapurI 382, 394 muhammada jhamAna mIrajhA 117, 122, 143, 146 muhammada mehadI jaunapurI 382 muhammada pigaMbara 337, 374 muhammada zaraphulumulka alpakhAna 29, 30 muhammadazAha 1 le 11 51, para, 61, 74, 218, 224 muhammadazAha 2 je 13, 85 86, 181, 184, 215-218, 225-227, 241, 246, 247, 381, 449, 51 muhammadazAha 3 je 12, 254 muhammadazAha tugaluka 1 ke 29, 36, 48, 58, 159, 173, 17, 191, 270, 273, 292, 304, 384, 396 muhammadazAha tugalaka 2 je 58

Page #597
566] salatanata kAla muhammadazAha phArUkI 113-116 muhammadazAha saiyada 194 muhammada sAheba 381 muhammadAbAda 21, 6, 108-112, 116, 120-123, 228, * 230, 234-237, 241, 250, 241, 417-420, 460 muhAphijhakhAna 92, 94, 123, 124 muMbaI 114, 143, 208, 45, 498, 499, 507 mUlaka gohila 158 mUsA ala kAjhIma 375 mULa mAdhavapura 4ra6 mULajI 153 mULI 176 meghadUta' 315 meghapura 18, 170 megharatna 319 metA 328 metapura 468 medinIrAya 106, 107 meDesle 68 menyuala DisojhA 120, 121 merUtuMgari 303-307, 315 merUtuMgAcArya 12 meliga 75, 100, 161, 163, mesavANa 161, 162 mehadavI paMtha 65, 382, 394 mekalasiMha vAghelA 363 mokhaDAjI 36, 176, 177, 285 348 moTA pozInA 468, 476 meTI dAu 427 meTI vahiyala 24ra mADa 155 moDajI 156 meDAsA 74, 106, 111, 129, 155, 180 moDherA 365 metIcaMda 216, 397 morabI 132, 154 morANuM 156 morokko 501 mole salAma ra74, 395 meharama 275 moharama rUmIkhAna 125 mabAsA 292, 295 yamana 286 yahyA bina ahamada sarahiMdI 3 yAkUba 17ra yAkUba hAjI sikaMdarakhAna 41 yAkebi 300 yuropa 98, 137, 285, 292, 485 yUsupha bina sulemAna 393 yUsupha bugarA 34, 35 raghuvaMzakAvya 322 mevADa 43, 87, 108, 109, 112, 114, 116, 185-187, 190, 197, 285, 298, 320, 328, 372, 397, 4ra8, 467

Page #598
467 zabdasUci raNaka 428 rA' jayasiMha 3 je 162 raNathaMbhera 15, 182 rAjaratnasUri 339 raNamala 13, 41, 43, 81, 186 rAjasthAna 192, 299, 369, 371, raNamala chaMda 13, 41, 179, 267, 324, 325, 364, rAjavinoda mahAkAvya" 14, 302 399 rAjazekhara 303 raNamalajI 157 rAjazekharasUri 12, 307 raNayajJa' 329 rAjodharajI 174, 175 raNavIra 173 rANaka paTela 4ra7 ratanajI 176 rANakapura 312, 317 ratnadevagaNi 36 rANajI gohela 395 ratnaparIkSA 22 rANapura 25, 157, 167-169, ratnaprabha 306 395 ratnamaMDanasUri 318 rANapura koTA 127 ratnamaMdiragaNi 12, 318 rANa kuMbhakarNa 87, 319 ratnazekharasUri 309, 316 rANA kuMbhakarNa-kuMbhA 87, 102, ranasiMha 428 - 186, 320, 369, 397, ratnasiMhasUri 322, 369 ratnasUri 318 rANuM levasiMha 179 ramajAna-Ida ra75 rANA bhANajI 200 rapati rara rANA rAyamala 186 rasUlAbAda 8, 94 rANuM lAkhAjI (lakSmaNasiMha) 186 raMgavijaya 16 rANA ratanasiMha 114, 134, 191 rAula kAnha 327 rANAvAva 167 rA' kheMgAra 36, 37 rANA vikramAjita 112, 118 rA' kheMgAra 3 je 157 rANuM saMgrAmasiMha 112 rA'kheMgAra 4 thI 158, 159, 361 rANu sAMgA 181, 182, 186 rAjakIrti mizra 13 -188 rAjakoTa 472, 473 rANa hamIra 15, 186 rAjadharadAsa 330 rANI rUpamatI 489 rAjapIpaLA 130, 132, 177 rANI siprI 488 rA' jayasiMha ra je 159 rANAjI 3 je 167, 168

Page #599
568) satanata kAla rANejI 4the 168 rANAjI gRhila 176 rANojI jhAlA 174 rA'neghaNa (rAjaputra) 176 rA'nAghaNa ja che 157 rApara 154 rAma 345 rAmacaMdrasUri 315 rAmajI 177 rAmadeva 157, 182, 183 rAmadevajI 493 rAmadevajI 3 je 169 rAmapura 174-176 rAmahIpAla 4 the 49, 158 rA' mahIpAla 5 me 159 160 rA' mahIpAla ka ko 162, 163 rAmAyaNa" 328 rA'mAMDalika 1 le 157 rA'mAMDalika 2 je 161 rA' mAMDalika 3 jo 14, 163, 173, 199, 271, 324, 361, 368-369, 395 rAmeliga 162 rA mokalasiMha 160, 168 rAmakRSNadAsa 494 rAyacaMda 397, 4ra7 rAyadhaNu 155 rAyasiMhajI 175 rAyasIna 114-116, 134 rAstIkhAna 292 rAva nArAyaNadAsa 180, 182 rAva puMjAjI 182 rAva puMje 81, 180 rAva bhANa 181 rAva bhAramala 181, 182 rAva bhIma 181 rAva raNamala 179, 180, 324 rAva rAyamala 17, 108, 182 rAvala gAma 167 rAva sonagacha 178, 179 rAvaLa 177 rAMdera 142, 282, 283, 286, 507 rihalA' 2 rUDAdevI 423 rudramahAlaya 76 rUpamatI 100, 45ra "rUpamaMDana" 477 rUpAvatAra' 477 reva. Telara 223, 248, 255 roma 281 lakulIza 361 lobA saMghapati 368 lakSmaNasena 115 lakSmIkallola 321 lakhadhIra 175, 176 lakhanI myujhiyama 243 lakhamasI 371 latIphakhAna 112, 122, 173 labdhisAgara 320 lala 367

Page #600
zANi lavajI RSi 371 laMDana 64 lAkhArAma 58 lAkhiyAra-viyaro 153, 155 lAkheNA 486 lAvaNyavijayagaNi 321 lAvaNyasamaya 14, 258, 265, 366, lAhera 294 ' lidarA 506 lIMbaDI 175, 408 laI 485 lUNAjI 29 lekhapaddhati' 16, 267 dIvaMza 194 lepa sesa 141 lemA khumANa 130 lerenja 138 lahANAo 380, 394 kAzAha 70, 370-372 vajiye 329 vajIra ImAdulamuka 509 vajIrUlamuka 53 vaTavA 62, 129, 405 vaDagAma 304 vaDanagara 108, 322, 433, 468, 471, 473 vaDiyAvIra jarUra vaDedarA, 31, 32, 34, 54, 86, 94, 98, 99, 131, 251, 252, 286, 35ra, 355, 405, 481, 484, 495, 498, 49, 508 vaDedarA myujhiyama 475 vaDhavANa 176, 302, 304 varNakasamuccaya" 17 vatsarAja solaMkI 485 vayajaladeva 158, 170 vayarasiMha 426 varthemA (luDovike DI varthemA) 282, 293, 502, 503 varADa 113, 193 valasADa 149, 282 valaMdAo 296 vallabha bhaTTa 70 valabhAcArya 363, 364 vasaI 119, 143-15, 148, 205, 208, 282, 283, 4ra7, 432, 507 'vasaMtavilAsa 326, 498 vasaMtavilAsaphA" 300 vastupAla 291, 304 vasto DA i330 vahIduddIna kurezI 28 vaMthaLI 75, 160-162, 477 vAgaDa 85, 112, 114 . vAghajI 174 vAdhamAra 127 vAdhANI 178 vAghelANa 161 vAjI 175 vAjA 158 vAjAo 172 vAjA ThAkara 199

Page #601
pa70] sanata zAha vAjAvaMza 170 vAle 156 vAtraka 131 vAvaDI 473 vAsaNudAsa 329 vAsu 326, 330 vAsko DI gAmA 96, 137 vAMkAnera 362 vAMsadA 384 vAMsavADA 108, 208, 467 vikramAtajI 169 vicArazreNI" 306 vinayacaMdrasuri 313 vijayapAla 173 vijApura 193, 356 viThThalanAtha 364 vidyAmaMDanasUri 367 vinAyakadAsa 57 'vimalaprabaMdha 14, 265, 399 vimalamaMtrI 368 vimalazAha 14 viyeTanAma 407 vividhatIrthaka95 12, 15, 303, 366 vivekathIragaNi 306, 323, 366 vizvezvara 19 viSNudAsa 329 visanagara 43, 180 visAjI 177, 178 vispada 383 vIjaDa 367, 426 vijA 426 vinavAyI 164 viramagAma 123, 175, 316 vIravaMzAvalI" 15 vIrasada 330 vIrasiMha 423 virANA 216 virANuM 177 visaladeva 176, 447 vizaLa 199 visanagara 81 valgara (DaoN.) 300 guselI haga 133 vegaDa 370 veNIvacha 178 vetALa 268 venisa para verAjI 157 verAvaLa 286, 350, 354, 429 veheNajI 153, 155 veLAvadara 174 vairisiMha 173 vaiziMgTana 498 zatru jaya 19, 45, 303, 304 (311, 323, 366, 426 428, 468, 481 zakuMjayatIrtha 304 "zanuM tIrthoddhAraprabaMdha' 13, 321. zamazerakhAna 53 zamsakhAna 39, 87, 159, 17ra. zarUkhAna damadAnI 51, para, pada zaza zIrAjha aphIpha 2 zambiyA varSa 10

Page #602
zammuddIna 379, 393 zammuddIna abU 2 jA 40, 49, 337 zammuddIna dAmagAnI 40 zammuddIna muhammada jhIraka 3 zaraduddIna muhammada mukhArI 4 zaradumuka khArAsAnI 34 zarApha tAmI 443 zarIph asa-sabharI 501 zazikalA 329 zahIda 462 zaMkhAhAra 93 zAbAna 449, 450 'zAGaga dharapaddhati' 309 zAdiyAbAda 252 zAmaLa 70 zAlibhadrasUri 301 zAstrI, harizaMkara, 463, 464 zAhaAlama 2jo 223 zAhajahAM 64, 70 zAha, (DaoN.) u. pre 483 zAhu phajhala 454 zAharAja 368 zAhIbAga 64, 71 zAMtisUri 311 ziveAra 51, 56 zabdasUci ziyANA 175 ziyALameTa 142, 282 ziAhI 87, 88, 96, 186, 187, 326, 337 zivagaNa 170, 171 zivarAja 170, 426 zivarAma 322 zivAditya 312 zivArANA vAdhera 132 zihAmuddIna 26, 29, 130 ziheAra 178 zIrAjha 336 zIkSaratna 315 zubhavana 320 zubhasuMdara 322 [an zubhazIlagaNi 12, 303, 315 zekha nijhAma 509 zekha 274 zekha muijhuddIna 33 zekha zAhaAlama 62, 89, 98, 103, 14, 166, 271, 276, 335, 393, 455, 446 zerakhAna sUra 119, 195 zerakhAna phulAdI 129 zeravAnakhAna 127, 367, 382 zerazAha 149, 195 zelukara 67 zAbhanadeva, sthapati 483 zyAmala kavi 19 'zrAvakapratikramaNacUNI' 498 zrIdhara 364 zrIdhara aDAlajo 327 zrIdhara vyAsa 13, 41, 179, 324 zrIdharAcArya 137, 281 zrIpattana 302 'zrIpAlacarita' 284 zrImALI 258 zrIvallabhAcAya 330 zrIlaMkA 294

Page #603
satanata kAla paDradarzanasamuccaya' 36, 312 SaSThIdevI 265 sakarakhAna 54 sagALazA 330 sagALazA zeTha 326 satapaMtha 394 "satavaNI-cha-vela" 381 sAyarAjagaNi 319 satyaruci 314 sadayavatsacarita' 324 sadA amIro 33, 34 sadevaMta-sAvaLIMgA 324, 434 saduddIna 379, 380, 393, 401 sake jahAna gujarAtI 4 saptapadAthI? 312 "saptazatI' 499 samaratha bhaNazAlI 367 samarazA 428 samarasiMha 303, 306, 310, 366, 467 "samarArAsu" 12, 258, 296,399 samarAzAha 26, 426 samarAMgaNa-sutradhAra 412 -sarakheja 21, 32, 64, 89, 131, 270, 276, 285, 286, 326, 419, 4ra4, 51, 46 2, 488, 489, 499 sara Tomasa ro 64 -saratAnajI 177 saradhAra 29 -saravaNa 182 sarasvatI 58 sarAI rANa 10 sarotrA 430 sarvAnaMdasUri 303, 305 salAmuddIna 116 sahaja saMpradAya 70 sahadeva 267 saMkheDA 78 saMkheDA-bahAdurapura 395 saMgrAmasiMha 10-109, 4ra7 saMdhavI 397 saMghavI maMDalika 480 saMjANa 383-385 saMtarAmapura 468 saMdezakarAsa' 323 saMprati 368 saMvegasuMdara 17 sANarAja 4ra7 sAdhu vijaya 320 sAdhojI 175 sApara 154 sAbarakAMThA jillo 467-470 sAbaramatI 58, 131, 418 sAmala 4ra7 sAmaLiye soDa 178, 179 sAra-zikhAmaNarAsa" 17 sAraMga 62 sAraMgajI 177 sAraMga paMDita 309 sAraMgapura 79, 80, 114 sAlaseTa 192

Page #604
zabdasUci 5 * sAMkaLiyA, (Da) 463 sAMgaNa 163 sAMgaNa 104 sAcAra 353 sAMDesarA, (Do.) bhogIlAla ja, 499 sAMtala 179 sAMtalajI 172 sikaMdara 110, 458, 503 sikaMdarakhAnA 41 sikaMdara bina muhammada 6 sikaMdara masada 39 sikaMdara lodI 190, 194, 285 sikaMdarazAha 238, 253 sikaMdarazAha sUra 196 siddhapura 76, 174, 323, 326, 377, 393 siddharAja 369 siddharAja jayasiMha 291, 383, 443 siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana" 318 siddhAcala 367 siddhAMtasAra 321 silahadI 114-116 silena pa05 sisaMga 157 sisodiyA 185 siMghala 223, 227 255, 256 siMdha 36, 92, 154, 167, 293, 295, 380 siMha 426, 430 siMhAsanakArnAizikA' 315 sIjhara phreDarika 64, 68, 294 sIdI amIra 149 sIdI alI 507, 508-511 sIdIo 270 sIdI zahIda 457 sIriyA 281 sIla bagasarA 166 sudhAkalA 305 sunI 270 sumarAo 37, 38 sumAtrA 294 surata 68, 123-125, 130, 142, 149, 150, 214, 275, 282, 283, 285, 286, 296, 329, 37 397, 495, 50-pa9 sura sane 10 sulatAnapura 76, 8, 112, 286 sulemAna pAzA 146 saMya 208 suMdara 431, 480 suMdaragaNi 297 sUtratAM -TIkA" 345 sutrApADA 365 sUda 364 sUbedArakhAna Ajhama 132 sUraca da 379 sUrajamala 29 sUradAsa 216, 330 sUravaMza 195 sejakajI 48, 176 semarasiMgajI 177 saujakapura 48, 176

Page #605
Bdeg4] saiyada 274 saiyada alekkhAna 333 saiyada ahamada 336 raudra Alama 448 sauyada usamAna 62, 333 saiyada mubAraka mukhArI 128 saiyada vaMza 194 saiyada sikaMdara 49, 172 saiMdhavA 163 sAkhaDA 485 seAjitrA 368, 369, 427 sedrANA 169 seDhA paramAra 175, 176 seAmaku jara 313 sAmacAritraNi 319 seAmajayasUri 319 seAma talakasUri 305 sAmadeva 312 sAmadevara 316, 317, 368 sAmadhama 12 seAmadha gaNi 316 saltanata phAla sAmanAtha 36, 44, 50, 159, 161, 282, 361, 369, 398, 476, 481 sAmanAthanuM maMdira 160 seAmanAtha pATaNa 43, 286, 394, 42 sAmapurA zilpIe 467 sAmasuMdara 302 seAmasuMdarasUri 15, 311, 367 -369 'sAmasaubhAgya kAvya' 15, 303, 312, 319 sAlakI kAla 303, 304 seraTha 91,92, 108, 161, 163, 165, 208, 325 saurASTra 36, 39, 43, 144, 146, 155, 158, 204, 275, 283, 293, 360, 392, 408, 469, 484, 45 saurASTra yunivarsi TI 472 staMbhatIrtha 368 'virAvalI' 306 sthAnakavAsI 70 hajarata anubara 275 hajarata alI 474, 475 haDiyANA 157 habasI 270, 283 habAya 153, 155 habIbakhAna 89 hamIdAbAnu 150, hamIrajI 44, 153-155 'hammIra prabaMdha' 15 'duzmIr-mahAkAvya' 15, 309 haraNAva nadI 434 harayeALa 155 harayeALajI 156 harapatizAha 367 harapAla 427 harisa hRdeva 164 'harikRSNakrANu' 323 haribhadrasUri 300, 301, 312

Page #606
zabdasUci [ 575 'harilIlASaDazakalA 326 hariSaNa 317 harIra 10, 421, 422, 455 harIrabAI kara harTala 297 harSakulagaNi 318, 321 harSabhUSaNa 314 halavI zIrAjhI 3, 331, 333 rahasana 27, 396 hasana gaMgu 36, 192 hasana ciztI 489 haLavada 174, 175, 21, 32 vahaLadharavAsa 102 hiMsAuli 300, 323 hAjI ud dabIra 5, 7, 146 hAthamatI 81, 416 hAthasaNuM 177 hade 176 hAmapara 174, 175, 428 hAlAra 154 hAlujI paramAra 395 hAlela 96, 128, 458 hAMsoTa 283 hiraNa 4ra9 hiraNyA 429 hiMmatanagara 101, 217, 222, 225, 249, 396, 408, 413, 415, 416 hiMmatasiMha 416 hIrabAI rANuM 10 hIravijayasUri 367, 372 "hIrasaubhAgya mahAkAvya 303 hIrANaMdasUri 17 hukamAna 31 humAyU 11, 117-122, 143, 144, 148, 155, 195, 196, 281, 335, 397 huramujha baMdara 294 hula bukhArI 337 hucvI zIrAjha 62 sAmakhAna gujarAtI 5-7 hasAbuddIna 27, 46 huzaMgazAha 52-55, 75-80, 183, 188 husena 382, 396 hemacaMdrAcArya 315, 318 hemaprabhasUri 172 hemahaMsagaNi 318 hebatakhAna 447 heje kuba 61, 71 heDIvALA 223, 243 hAramajha 282 hAramujha baMdara 292, 295

Page #607

Page #608
satanatakAlIna gujarAta (rAjakIya) naka 1 Present external boundury of India - Icelote ke kai* thaika pudagAma -dhArI pAka. hata cA vasaI. '". bheTAlI kiI hiMmatanagara - dAmapara-madha, aDAlaja sakheja-amadAvAda dhoLakA* sojitrA - ble Re BodharA *thAna 1c1eo, che. twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line. The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of Surveyor General of India. Government of India copyright, 1977. Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the cAMpAnera : pAvA khaMbhAta te *vAvaDI - - junAgaDha rA . ? AN gi2nA2 0 LELEN ujapI. a * khorAsA za wiecie zats 2 verAvaLaRprabhAsapATaNa, dhananA khaMbhAtanA ' ke -"" Taka dava je. rasa mA vi) damaNa che che. ramaUT rahI kilomITa 0 _ 0 3 che . 39 samAdhi *

Page #609
pazcima bhAratanAM samakAlIna rAjyo che ="raNathaMbhora fe, vAliyara jAlAra bhIlavADA choDI 'bhalagaDha baoNDa * cittoDa 5. / caMdarI jemA jhAlAvADa aNahilavADa pategyapura .. saMtha je DuMgarapura ) maMdasora IDa / vAMsavADA , te moDAsA sAraMgapura bhIlasA] *AyasIna amadAvAda: *rA pada " *ujajaina | | ** [, : kula 1 0 dhArA ul viouro ne pala" nA la* 0mAMDuM ( 25 deg 0se * bharUca ! sUrata sulatAnapura baMe2 3 *asIragaDha *burahAnapura - kahANuM khulluM - - mAphIma vasaI *saMgamana, dolatAbA hamadanagara cevala jI ra (bIDara Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the Surveyor General of India. Government of India copyright, 1977. The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line.

Page #610
purAtattavane lagatAM sthaLe nakaza 3 - Present cxternal boundary of India --.-.. - 2 ja " aNahIdaDa siddhapura vIsara IDara nA hiMmatanane A c 'pa*pATaDI vIramagAma * iSTA TlAmbira thaya . * Mise amadAvAda vatavANI ja, kir: hemadAvAI kaMkAvI dohada ba ochano artha * 2bI * lAMbaDI Etusi * godharA ja welve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line. The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of Surveyor General of India. Government of India copyright, 1977. Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the *thAne ? .dhaMdha 'jamaskAra 2e viour A ASLEz ziusi *seoI ? * rANapura iguala rAjapIpaN jaya riDora - porabaMdara dhAMdhA * aMkalezvara devaMthaLI mAMgaroLa abhiAtano akhAte sata jiarrow *vasArI RUS vAsa mahavA pALave 'deva (kAdamaNa aura dIya) (aa , dayA kalIyo.

Page #611
nAgarI lipi 5 asa tAnA tena te| .. bramapraa thapatha thathatha:AA A A pAtrA iiiiii 33 / 23 dhAvAvadhAghaghaghAumA nAnanananananananananca 333333333 papapapapapa UUUUU phAphaphaphaphaphaphapha R sa jarukakakaka bAbababababababa emae epa jjmaaj j j j j tatasa sattA | | mamamamamamamama | ma | aAja yAyayAya yAya yaya kaka kakakaka kakakA |rararararararara / khavakhavakha kha khAkhavA lAlAla salA lAla gagagagagagagagaganamA ghAghavaghavaghA vavavavavavavakA zazazazazazazazazaza cAraca vacaca ca ca cinha bASa baghaSa sasasa sasa sasa sasa jAgAuja jaja ja yaza kA lihilI junnara ki pya devegA todhionI jA bhane / saMyakti svAttanyajaSNa TATa Ta Ta Ta tt| airat tivAta 52 Inara ThATha prayogavA 50 kaH zrIH naH | DaDa DaDaDa daja | naka n man 16 Dhi dADhATADha Dha / 2111 222 13 14 155 elae gAga lilA 36666 27 | MU] | 00 ho 01. AkRti 1

Page #612
paSTa 2 AkRti 2 nIlama tApa parano tuyAzailIne lekha, jUnAgaDha TITIIs|| . AkRti 3 mIra gyAsuddInanI kabara pa2ne zUhatha zailIne lekha, bharUdhdha

Page #613
5 3 Aphati 4 cAMdanI masijadunA mukhya mahe rAba parane nakha zelIna lekha, prabhAsapATaNa

Page #614
sahatanatakAlIna sikkA paTTa 4 tAMbAnA 5-6. ahamadazAha 1 lAnA (hi. 846, -) 10. bahAdurazAhane (hi. 938) 12. mujhaphpharazAha 3 jAna (hi. 971) cAMdInA 7-8. mahamUdazAha 1 lAnA (hi. 88, 902) 9. mujhaphaphara 2 jAna (hi. 921). 11. ahamadazAha 3 jAna (hi. 961)

Page #615
Ana * * mathuna * ja che Akavi Ali AkRti 13-17 2thaLa-tapAsamAMthI maLelI vastuo

Page #616
19 tI 2 ba sA zAhapura da2vAje zAhapurR ai 1010 mI2 nA pu 2 bhaTTano killo lAla daravAje bho daravA ahamadazAnI masjida zayakhaDa 1810TH pa3 halImanI khaDakI ja mAla pu eve 21723 asAvala dilhI daravAjA tAjapura dari yA pu2 jhaverIvAka mANekacoka Bag!ee dariyApura daravAne ADiyA sAraMga i DerI pu2 khADiyA jI 2Aya pura AkRti 19 amadAvAdanA killAnA plena jayapura AstoDiyA daravAja daravAje asAravA. AAFRIN kAlupura daravAje } } sANaMkApura daravAje

Page #617
L 1 TO T 1 1 1 I Ti! | aDAlajanI vAvano AkRti 19

Page #618
''- 2 1-1 . TITIIIIIIIIIIII : -- nA hakI - *e:::... devo to dika nAda * rAmAnja ::: i . . tA tamane eka ti 'kAma

Page #619
AkRti 21 : triveNI samIpanuM sUrya maMdira, prabhAsapATaNa. AkRti 22 : hirayAnA kAMThA paranuM sUryamaMdira

Page #620
paSTa 10 AkRti 23 : satrAnuM maMdira AkRti 24 : pittavahura maMdira, Abu

Page #621
5 11 Avi ra5 hATakezvara maMdira, vaDanagara AkRti ra6 hATakezvara mahAdeva, vaDanagara (Urvadazana)

Page #622
paTTa 12 - AkRti 27 bAvana derI jaina maMdira, pAvAgaDha AkRti ra8 saraNezvara maMdira abhApura

Page #623
paTTe 13 AkRti 29 6 lAkheNA jaina maMdira,abhApura a kRti 30 : zivAlaya, AMtarasu pAka

Page #624
'pad 14 t" - * Ouru TER ke ! I AkRti 3 dhuM maTanu ravarUpa ( hilAlakhAna kAchanI masjida, dhoLakA )

Page #625
pa: 15 AkRti 32 TAMkA majidane sta'bha, dhoLakA

Page #626
paTTa 16 ke . . ADITETTIITIT TITLUM IICT ** It J}*T[ ; ; ; TIT ' ' impur 1 TS PIILIT 1 2 AkRti 34 AkRti 33 jAmI majidane miharAba, bharUca hilAlakhAna kAjInI masijadanuM milara, dheLa kA

Page #627
paTTe 17 AkRti 65 jAmI majinA livAnanuM mukhya pravezadvAra, kha'bha :

Page #628
pada 18 A che. SITE Ex. Ir = 1 : INIO until IT AkRti 36 bI bIjIkI masjidanA hAlatA minArA, rAjapura, amadAvAda

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paTTa 19 ( 1 AkRti 37 jAmI masjidanuM" talamAna, khaMbhAta

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paTTa 2 0 'Ni PTERECE :: , . :51: VABAR 12 Qers LE {{38 da'' ''11'. GANA 3,4,, paNa 2 . 1 Te visite ahamadazAhanI marijada, amadAvAda

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paTTa 21 - ' I l;- AkRti 38 jAmA masjida, amadAvAda,

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paTTa 22 akRiti 80 ahamadazAhano rojo, amadAvAda

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paTTa 23 AkRti 41 bI bIjIkI majida, rAjapura (amadAvAda)

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paTe 24 AkRti 42 : dariyAkhAno rejo, amadAvAda

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3161316 be EUR380-tyte Wolm my vale EX Djelle MEANDORRA GREEN paTTa 25.

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paTTa 26 Hvidove 00:00:00uonnon AkRti 44 1mI marijada, cAMpAnera

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paTTa 27 /// E AkRti 45 u'mara bina ahamadanI kabara, khaMbhAta

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5TTa 20 AkRti 49 : viSNu, amadAvAda AkRti 50 vAsudeva veNugopAla), rAjakoTa

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5TTa 31, AkRti 51 : brAhmI, zivazaktima'dira, abhApura AkRti para : vaiSNavI, zivazakita maMdira, abhApura

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paTTa 32 AkRti 54 raktacA muDA, sAraNezvara, abhApura (A AkRti DAbA-jamaNI ulaTI chapAI che.) AkRti 53 : sarasvatI, khaMbhAta

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alorsh relatere VOBIS ne Shhaidj ili te bolo hh pjolke sh Pjethe we are so in the US TILO 3 2.2 Amowt`yown, amen . WILLIW SIGARA TEA * TIL IT, VA AS PARLANABINO . EE

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paTTa 34 AkRti 57 rAjimatI, Abu AkRti 58 pAzvanAtha, vimalavasahI, Abu

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5 35 AkRti 59 dAtAo, vimalavasahI, Abu

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paTa 36 AkRti 60 saghasnatA, abhApura AkRti 61 zugAravatI, abhApura AkRti 62 patralekhA, abhApura AkRti 63 veNuvAdinI, abhApura

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37 AkRti 64 : jALI, lAkheNA jaina maMdira, abhApura 8 IT IS AVAILS IIIIMLI thI sAM che | DIL JIT AkRti 65 : sarakhejanA rejAnI vividha rUpAMkanayukata jALIo

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5 38 AkRti 66 aDAlajanI vAvane gavAkSa

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5TTa 39 AkRti 67 : sIdI zahIdanI masjidanI jALI, amadAvAda

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RATA garInA hoya che ? rIta karI AkRti 68 Da95satranI hastapratanuM eka citrita pRSTha, amadAvAda

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